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<mask> (born 20 June 1962) is an English actress and singer. She won the Olivier Award for Best Actress, Evening Standard Award and Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Play, and in New York the Obie and Theatre World Award for Best Newcomer, for her performance as Jacie Triplethree in Alan Ayckbourn's Comic Potential. She also won the Olivier Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Musical for her performance as Carrie Pipperidge in Nicholas Hytner's acclaimed production of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Carousel at the National Theatre. In 2013, <mask> won the TMA Theatre Award UK for Best Performance in a Musical for her performance as Dolly Levi in Hello Dolly at Curve, Leicester. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Old Windsor, Berkshire. She is the daughter of John Lewis and Ruth Lewis (née Miller) and the eldest of four sisters. She trained at the Arts Educational School in Chiswick, London.On leaving ArtsEd, <mask> began her career as a dancer, subsequently moving to Rome, Italy where she taught dance, took singing lessons, and learned to speak Italian. Theatre

1986–2000

<mask>'s first West End production was Gillian Lynne's 1986 revival of Cabaret by Kander and Ebb in which she played Gertie and understudied the role of Sally Bowles. This led to an invitation from Wayne Sleep, who played the Emcee in that production, to join his UK tour. Subsequently, the choreographer Bill Deamer invited her to the Salisbury Playhouse to perform in A Chorus of Disapproval by Alan Ayckbourn. This began a close association between <mask>, Ayckbourn and his work. This led to leading roles in musical theatre, including Sarah Brown in Guys and Dolls, Ellie May Chipley in the award-winning Royal Shakespeare Company and Opera North production of Show Boat at the London Palladium, Bombalurina in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats, Duke Ellington's Sophisticated Ladies, Claudine in Cole Porter's Can-Can, and Ado Annie in the national tour of Oklahoma!. <mask>'s portrayal of Carrie Pipperidge in the 1993 Royal National Theatre's production of Carousel earned her an Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical and an invitation from Sir Richard Eyre to play her first major straight role; that of Julie in Johnny on a Spot at the National Theatre, where she subsequently went on to play Helen of Troy in The Women of Troy.<mask> has had an important working relationship with the playwright and director Alan Ayckbourn. This began with Paul Todd's fringe production of Between The Lines for which Ayckbourn wrote song lyrics and was followed by Dreams From A Summerhouse at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. She returned to work with Ayckbourn in 1996 in Neil Simon's They're Playing Our Song and it was during the run of this show Ayckbourn wrote Comic Potential 'with Janie in mind'. Her performance as Jacie Triplethree at Scarborough, subsequently in the West End and then at the Manhattan Theatre Club in New York, won her three Best Actress Awards in 1999 and 2000, an Obie Award in 2001 and a 2000–1 Theatre World Award as Best Newcomer, as well as considerable critical acclaim. In New York Magazine, John Simon wrote "Miss <mask>'s creation is a spectacular achievement. I am not sure that I have ever seen its equal, but I am certain I have never seen, nor ever will see, it's superior." 2001–10

<mask> is known for her versatility as a performer.She was invited by opera director David Pountney, to play Lidotchka in his production of Shostakovich's Paradise Moscow for Opera North. She followed this playing Masha in Brian Friel's translation of Chekhov's Three Sisters and Edyth Herbert, opposite Tim Flavin in the George Gershwin musical My One and Only, both at the Chichester Festival Theatre. My One and Only subsequently transferred to the West End and <mask> was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. As a result, in 2003 Sir Peter Hall asked <mask> to star in his season at the Theatre Royal, Bath, playing Gilda in Noël Coward's Design for Living and Emma in Harold Pinter's Betrayal, opposite Aden Gillett and Hugo Speer. Betrayal subsequently transferred to the Duchess Theatre in the West End. Hall then invited her to play Beatrice in his production of Much Ado About Nothing. In 2005 Pinter invited <mask> to play Kate in Old Times at the Gate Theatre, Dublin and to participate in a celebration of his work, including a reading of his play Celebration, with Jeremy Irons, Derek Jacobi, Sinéad Cusack, Penelope Wilton, Michael Gambon, Stephen Rea and Stephen Brennan.Producer, Michael Colgan, subsequently transferred the piece to London's Noël Coward Theatre, for 3 performances, with Charles Dance playing the Maitre D. Six months later Celebration was filmed for Channel 4, with Colin Firth playing the role of Russell, opposite <mask> as Suki. In 2006 <mask> returned to musical theatre to play Mabel Normand in John Doyle's production of Jerry Herman's Mack and Mabel opposite David Soul at the Criterion Theatre, after which <mask> took over the role of Lady Driver in Michael Frayn's Donkeys' Years at the Comedy Theatre. At the end of the run <mask> helped to organise a reading for charity of William Nicholson's play Shadowlands which deals with the relationship between C. S. Lewis and the American writer Joy Gresham. Charles Dance played C.S. Lewis. Sir Peter Hall, Harold Pinter and <mask> were reunited for the National tour of Old Times with Susannah Harker and Neil Pearson and then a West End Production of Shadowlands was mounted in which <mask> was reunited with director Michael Barker-Caven and Charles Dance. The production began at Wyndham's Theatre and subsequently transferred to the Novello Theatre.Charles Dance received the Critic's Circle Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of C. S. Lewis. In 2008 <mask> returned to the Open Air Theatre, Regent's Park to play Olivia in Twelfth Night opposite her Carousel co- star, Clive Rowe. Alan Ayckbourn then invited <mask> back to Scarborough to play the title role of Susan in a revival of his play Woman in Mind for which she won critical acclaim and the production subsequently transferred to the Vaudeville Theatre in London. In 2009 <mask> returned to Theatre Royal Bath to play Orinthia in George Bernard Shaw's The Apple Cart, directed by Sir Peter Hall,  and took over the role of Annie in Calendar Girls by Tim Firth in the West End. In 2010, <mask>on in All's Well That Ends Well at Shakespeare's Globe which was filmed for DVD release by Opus Arte, Anna Leonowens in Rodgers and Hammerstein's The King and I at the Curve, Leicester, and played Natalya in Jonathan Kent's production of A Month in the Country at Chichester. 2011–present
In 2011 she played Belinda in the Old Vic revival of Michael Frayn's Noises Off which was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Revival and subsequently transferred to the Novello Theatre. In 2012, <mask> was offered the role of women's magazine editor, Miranda in NSFW, a new play by Lucy Kirkwood at the Royal Court Theatre for which she was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role.At Christmas 2012 <mask> played Dolly Levi in Paul Kerryson's revival of Hello Dolly! at the Curve, Leicester for which she won the TMA Theatre Award UK for Best Performance in a Musical. In 2013 she appeared in the Stephen Sondheim revue, Putting It Together for four performances in Guildford, alongside David Bedella, Daniel Crossley, Damian Humbly and Caroline Sheen which subsequently transferred for a three-week run at the St James Theatre, London in January 2014. From March until June 2014, <mask> co-starred in the London revival of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit at the Gielgud Theatre, opposite Dame Angela Lansbury, who reprised her 2009 Tony Award-winning Broadway performance as Madame Arcati. The London cast was Charles Edwards, Jemima Rooper, Serena Evans, Simon Jones and Patsy Ferran. From September until December 2014, <mask> played Titania/Hippolyta in Dominic Dromgoole's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream on a tour of Asia & Russia by Shakespeare's Globe. The production opened at the Rose Theatre, Kingston and then toured to Aylesbury Waterside Theatre before travelling to China, Taiwan, Russia, Singapore & Hong Kong.The cast included Aden Gillett as Oberon/Theseus and Trevor Fox as Bottom. In January 2015 <mask> starred as Desiree Armfeldt in a Gala Concert performance of Sondheim's A Little Night Music at London's Palace Theatre to mark the 40th anniversary of the original London production. The concert also starred Anne Reid, David Birrell, Joanna Riding, Jamie Parker, Anna O'Byrne, Fra Fee and Laura Pitt-Pulford. It was directed by Alastair Knights and the producer and musical director was Alex Parker. Later the same year she played Helene Hanff in a revival of 84, Charing Cross Road at Salisbury Playhouse, co-starring Clive Francis as Frank Doel and directed by James Roose-Evans. In April/May she starred in a revival of Eugene O'Neill's Ah, Wilderness! at the Young Vic.Whilst appearing in the O'Neill play, <mask> also performed a special one-off show, Dream Queen in the Sam Wanamaker Playhouse at Shakespeare's Globe, as part of the London Festival of Cabaret. It drew on her experiences on the Globe tour of Asia and Russia and the inspiration of Elizabeth I and Shakespeare and she was joined by special guests, Juliet Stevenson and Kit Hesketh-Harvey and in the summer she played Irina Arkadina in Torben Betts' version of The Seagull, directed by Matthew Dunster at Regent's Park Open Air Theatre. In 2016 she starred in the West End transfer of Tony-nominated Broadway comedy Hand to God at the Vaudeville Theatre in London, alongside Harry Melling, Neil Pearson, Jemima Rooper and Kevin Mains. The production was nominated for an Olivier Award in 2016 as Best New Comedy. In April 2017 <mask> completed a critically acclaimed run playing the title role in Linda by Penelope Skinner at Manhattan Theatre Club, New York City for which she was nominated for an Outer Critics Circle Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play and starred as Phyllis Rogers Stone in Stephen Sondheim and James Goldman's Follies at the National Theatre in London, opposite Imelda Staunton, Tracie Bennett and Philip Quast for which she was nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical, the Evening Standard Award for Best Musical Performance, and the WhatOnStage Award for Best Actress in a Musical. In May/July 2018 she starred in Monogamy, a dark new comedy by Torben Betts, which plays at London's Park Theatre after a short UK tour. Film and television
<mask> has appeared in numerous TV dramas, including Love Hurts, The Bill, as Remy in 8 episodes of London's Burning, Heartbeat, House of Cards, Midsomer Murders, A Tribute to Harold Pinter, the South Bank Show with Sir Peter Hall and In Love With Shakespeare for Sky TV.In 2003, <mask> played Emma Lavenham opposite Martin Shaw's Adam Dalgliesh in two P.D. James adaptations for the BBC; Death in Holy Orders and The Murder Room. In 2008 she played Zac Efron's mother, Mrs Samuels in Me and Orson Welles and in 2013 <mask> filmed Dare To Be Wild, written and directed by Vivienne Decourcy in Dublin for Oasis Films and The Trouble With Dot And Harry, opposite Neil Morrissey directed by Sundance Festival Grand Prize-winner, Gary Walkow. In January 2016, <mask> appeared as Cara in comedy series Crashing written by and starring Phoebe Waller-Bridge and produced by Big Talk Productions for Channel 4. Radio
Dee has recorded a number of musicals, concerts and dramas for radio, including Carousel and Finian's Rainbow for BBC Radio 2, and she has played Ian Fleming's Miss Moneypenny in radio dramatisations of the James Bond classics On Her Majesty's Secret Service, From Russia With Love, Dr No and Thunderball, as well as a role in Michael Frayn's Skios, all directed by Martin Jarvis. In 2013 she was invited by composer Guy Barker to be the narrator in his new orchestral work That Obscure Hurt which was premiered at the Aldeburgh Festival 2013, as part of the Benjamin Britten centenary celebrations and was broadcast live on BBC Radio 3. She has also appeared as a guest on the quiz show Quote... Unquote for BBC Radio 4.Recordings
 Cabaret (1986 London Revival Cast, First Night Records OCRCD6010)
 Can Can (1988 London Revival Cast, Virgin CDV 2570)
 Salad Days (1994 Studio Cast, EMI Classics CDC 5 55200 2)
 The Shakespeare Revue (1998 Original London Cast, TER Records)
 Fred Astaire: His Daughter's Tribute (2001 London Cast Recording, First Night Records CASTCD81)
 Act One: Songs From The Musicals Of Alexander S. Bermange (2008 Dress Circle Records)
 <mask> <mask> at the BBC (2017 Auburn Jam Music)

Personal
<mask> <mask> is married to the actor and barrister Rupert Wickham and they have two children. Her sister-in-law is actress Saskia Wickham. She is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Theatrical Fund and supports a number of charities including Stop the War Coalition, St Mungos, Medecins Sans Frontieres and Amnesty International. In March 2003, <mask> devised and produced the London Concert For Peace, a charity concert celebrating the joy of life which was performed at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane with a cast including Dame Judi Dench, Sir Ian McKellen and David Tennant. Proceeds from the concert were donated to Amnesty International, CARE, Oxfam and the Red Cross. In June 2014, <mask> Coward charity cabaret, entitled I Went to a Marvellous Party at London's historic Cafe de Paris, as a celebration of and farewell to Angela Lansbury, marking the end of the run of Blithe Spirit in London. The Blithe Spirit company performed songs by Noël Coward, a charity auction was hosted by Christopher Biggins and there were special guest appearances by Imelda Staunton and Barry Humphries.Proceeds from the event were donated to Asylum Link Merseyside, Combined Theatrical Charities, Masterclass, Mousetrap, the Noël Coward Foundation and the Royal Academy of Music. In 2020, <mask> organised the London Climate Change Festival. The Festival was organised to inspire, inform and bring hope around climate change. It brought together people from science, the arts, business and activism to discuss what can be done in regards to the climate crisis. The London Climate Change Festival was scheduled to commence on Monday 23 March. Due to COVID-19 Pandemic it took place online. Work

Theatre

Musical theatre

Filmography

Radio

Awards and nominations

References

External links
 Official website

<mask> <mask> at IOBDB

English women singers
English musical theatre actresses
English stage actresses
English television actresses
Laurence Olivier Award winners
Royal Shakespeare Company members
British Shakespearean actresses
Living people
People educated at the Arts Educational Schools
English film actresses
Actresses from Berkshire
Theatre World Award winners
People from Old Windsor
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Musicians from Berkshire
1962 births

masks:
Janie Dee
Dee
Janie Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Deesilli
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee
Janie
Dee
Janie
Dee
Dee
Deeël
Dee
Janie
Dee


type: original

texts:
<mask>, 11th Baronet, , ( ; 9 August 1932 – 26 January 2017), known as <mask>, was a Scottish Labour Party politician who was a member of the House of Commons from 1962 to 2005. He represented West Lothian from 1962 to 1983, then Linlithgow from 1983 to 2005. He is particularly well known for his formulation of what came to be known as the "West Lothian question", on whether non-English MPs should be able to vote upon English-only matters after political devolution. He was also known for his anti-war, anti-imperialist views, opposing the Falklands War, the Gulf War, the War in Afghanistan and the Iraq War. Early life and career

<mask> was born in Edinburgh, and raised in his mother <mask>'s family home, the Binns, near Linlithgow, West Lothian; his father Gordon Loch CIE (1887–1953) was a colonial civil servant and a scion of the Loch family. Highland Clearances facilitator James Loch (1780–1855) was an ancestral uncle. Loch (and his son) took his wife's surname in 1938, and through his mother <mask> inherited the baronetcy of Dalyell.However, he never used the title. <mask> was educated at the Edinburgh Academy and Eton College. He did his National Service with the Royal Scots Greys from 1950 to 1952, as an ordinary trooper, after failing his officer training. He then went to King's College, Cambridge, to study mathematics, but switched to history. He became Chairman of the Cambridge University Conservative Association and Vice-President of the Cambridge Union Society. Cambridge economist Joan Robinson encouraged him to stay for a year after completing his history degree to take an additional degree in economics, which he did and later described as "the hardest work I ever did, much harder than being a PPS". He then trained as a teacher at Moray House College in Edinburgh and taught at Bo'ness Academy for three years and was Director of Studies on the ship school Dunera 1961–1962.In 1969 <mask> became a columnist for New Scientist magazine, contributing Westminster Scene (later Westminster Diary) until his retirement in 2005. This provided "a conduit for researchers to speak to Parliament and vice versa", covering many subjects of public concern including industrial diseases, data protection, chemical weapons and the environment. Political career

Having been educated by left-wing economists at Cambridge, <mask> said that he became a socialist because of the level of unemployment in Scotland. He joined the Labour Party in 1956, following the Suez Crisis. After being unsuccessful as a parliamentary candidate for Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles in 1959, he became a Member of Parliament in June 1962, when he defeated William Wolfe of the Scottish National Party in a hard-fought by-election for West Lothian. From 1983 onwards, he represented Linlithgow (when the New Town of Livingston formed its own constituency) and easily retained the seat. He became Father of the House after the 2001 general election, when Former Prime Minister Sir Edward Heath retired from the House of Commons.He was a nominated Member of the European Parliament from 1975–79, and a member of the Labour National Executive from 1986-87 representing the Campaign group. <mask>'s independent stance in Parliament ensured his isolation from significant committees and jobs. His early career was promising and he became Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS) to Richard Crossman. He annoyed a number of ministers and was heavily censured by the Privileges Committee for a leak about the biological weapons research establishment, Porton Down, to the newspapers (though he said that he thought the draft minutes of the Select Committee on Science and Technology were in the public domain). When Labour were defeated in 1970, his chances of senior office were effectively over. He was opposed to Scottish devolution and was the first to come up with the "West Lothian question", although it was actually named by Conservative MP Enoch Powell. He continued to argue his own causes: in 1978–79, he voted against his own government over 100 times, despite a three-line whip.In the 1990s, <mask> asked the Lord Advocate, Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, to grant diplomatic immunity to Lester Coleman, a co-author of Trail of the Octopus, so that he could give evidence in the Lockerbie bombing trial in Scotland; the US Government had indictments against Coleman, accusing him of passport fraud and perjury. Allan Stewart, a former Scottish Office minister and Conservative MP for Eastwood, also said that Coleman should be granted immunity so he could testify in Scotland. The Lord Advocate rejected <mask>'s plea, saying that the Home Office and the English courts had jurisdiction over the demand of the US government's extradition demand regarding Coleman, and that the Crown Office and the Scottish Office had no authority over the case. Dalyell later said, "I had contact with Les Coleman 10 years ago. In my opinion, though he has a chequered history, I take him seriously." Dalyell was vocal in his disapproval of actions he deemed imperialistic. Beginning with his opposition to  action in Borneo in 1965, he contested almost every British military action, arguing against action in Aden, the depopulation of Diego Garcia, the Falklands War (especially the sinking of the General Belgrano), the Gulf War and action in Kosovo and Iraq."I will resist a war with every sinew in my body", he said. When invited by a television journalist to rank Tony Blair among the eight Prime Ministers he had observed as a parliamentarian, he cited policy over Kosovo and Iraq as reasons for placing his party leader at the bottom of the list. He was also a strong presence in Parliament concerning Libya and led no fewer than 17 adjournment debates on the Lockerbie bombing, in which he repeatedly demanded answers by the Government to the reports of Hans Köchler, United Nations observer at the Lockerbie trial. In February 2003, he became the first Father of the House to be ordered to leave the chamber, after asking questions about the government's "dossier" on weapons in Iraq. Following his outspoken opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and criticism of the Government, Downing Street suggested that he might face withdrawal of the Labour whip. In May, the American magazine Vanity Fair reported Dalyell indirectly as having said that Prime Minister Tony Blair was unduly influenced by a "cabal of Jewish advisers". He specifically named Lord Levy, who was Blair's official representative in the Middle East, and Labour politicians Peter Mandelson (whose father was Jewish) and Jack Straw (whose great-grandfather was Jewish).Mandelson said that "apart from the fact that I am not actually Jewish, I wear my father's parentage with pride". <mask> denied accusations that the remarks were anti-Semitic. In March 2003, regarding the 2003 invasion of Iraq, <mask> accused Blair of being a war criminal. He stated that "since Mr Blair is going ahead with his support for a US attack without unambiguous UN authorisation, he should be branded as a war criminal and sent to The Hague". On 7 March 2003, <mask> was elected as Rector of the University of Edinburgh. After a three-year term, he was succeeded in 2006 by Mark Ballard. It was announced on 13 January 2004 that <mask> would stand down from Parliament at the next general election, and he left the House of Commons in April 2005 after 43 years as a Member of Parliament.He had been Scotland's longest-serving MP since the resignation of Bruce Millan in 1988. He was succeeded as Father of the House by Alan Williams. In 2009, The Daily Telegraph reported that <mask> had submitted an expenses claim for £18,000 for three bookcases just two months before his retirement from the House of Commons. Dalyell claimed that this was a legitimate expense to which he was entitled; the House of Commons' Fees Office released £7,800. <mask> was given an honorary doctorate by Heriot-Watt University in 2011. Personal life and death

Dalyell married Kathleen Wheatley, a teacher, on 26 December 1963; she was the elder daughter of  John Wheatley, Lord Advocate and Labour MP for East Edinburgh. They have a son Gordon Wheatley <mask>, and a daughter Moira, both of whom are lawyers.In his retirement, and for some years previously, he contributed obituaries to The Independent. In 2011 he published his autobiography, The Importance of Being Awkward. The dedication is "To the men and women of West Lothian – Labour, SNP, Conservative, Liberal, Communist – who, whatever their political opinions, were kind to me in all sorts of ways over 43 years as their representative in the House of Commons." On 26 January 2017, <mask> died at home, aged 84, after a short illness. Bibliography
 The Case of Ship-Schools (1960),
 Ship-School Dunera (1963),
 Devolution: The End of Britain?

masks:
Sir Thomas Dalyell
Tam Dalyell
Dalyell
Nora Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell
Dalyell


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<mask> (August 14, 1906 – February 19, 1945) was an American football player, coach, lawyer, and United States Marine Corps officer who was killed in action on the first day of the Battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. He is best known for scoring the famous "that's one for Gipper" touchdown for Notre Dame on November 10, 1928 versus Army at Yankee Stadium. One of the Great Depression-era football stars, he was one of the best blocking backs for Knute Rockne's Notre Dame football team in the 1920s. Chevigny later served as the head coach of the NFL's Chicago Cardinals in 1932 and the head football coach at the University of Texas from 1934 to 1936. On August 18, 1979, Chevigny was inducted posthumously into the Indiana Football Hall of Fame. He is also a member of the St. Edwards University Athletics Hall of Fame. Early life
Chevigny was born in Dyer, Indiana, the son of <mask>, a physician originally from the province of Quebec, Canada who had served in the United States Army, stationed in New York, during World War I, and <mask>.He attended Catholic grade school in Dyer before moving to Hammond, Indiana where he attended Hammond High School and played football at, and graduated president of his class in 1924. He had two brothers and two sisters. University of Notre Dame
Part of the legend of Notre Dame football history was that <mask>, who played three seasons as Right Halfback from 1926 to 1928, scored the winning touchdown against Army on November 10, 1928 (the 153rd birthday of the United States Marine Corps) in Yankee Stadium after Knute Rockne’s famous "Win one for the Gipper" halftime speech (in memory of Notre Dame football great George Gipp) with Chevigny yelling, "That's one for the Gipper" as he crossed the goal line. Knute Rockne had related the details about the famous game in an autobiography published in Collier's magazine in 1930. Actually, <mask> scored the tying touchdown during the 3rd quarter against undefeated Army (then 6–0), to even the score 6–6, and Johnny O'Brien, also inspired by Rockne's speech, ran for the 12–6 game-winning touchdown. However, it was because of that game and <mask>'s touchdown during that game, that the legend of "the Gipper" was born. Football coach and attorney
<mask> became an assistant football coach under Rockne in 1929, and Notre Dame went undefeated that season and the next season winning two National Championships.<mask> who received his Notre Dame law degree in 1931, left Notre Dame football after Rockne's death in an airplane crash March 31, 1931 and the 1931 football season. He coached the Chicago Cardinals of the NFL to a 2–6–2 record in 1932, and left that position to become head coach at St. Edwards University, a sister school of Notre Dame, in Austin, Texas. When the University of Texas began looking for a new coach in 1934, <mask> was chosen for that position. He directed a 7–6 victory over his alma mater, Notre Dame, during the second game played in South Bend, Indiana. The Texas Longhorns finished the season at 7–2–1. The 1935 team didn't play as well and Chevigny finished his coaching career at the University of Texas with a 13–14–2 record in three seasons and was the only University of Texas head coach to have an overall losing record (a feat later matched by Charlie Strong). In 1937, <mask> resigned his Texas Longhorns coaching position and was appointed Deputy Attorney General of Texas.Following that, he worked in
the oil industry in Texas. Head coaching record

College

Military service

U.S. Army
In March 1943, <mask> (then 36 years old) was drafted into the U.S. Army after trying to enlist and being rejected because of a football knee injury he received while playing at Notre Dame. He completed basic training at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Lawrence, Indiana. He was assigned afterwards to Fort Lawton in Seattle, Washington, a training and staging base. A corporal, he had requested and was granted service in the Marine Corps. He received an honorable discharge from the U.S. Army on June 10, 1943, in order to be released for service in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve. U.S. Marine Corps
Chevigny was directly commissioned a Marine Corps First Lieutenant, going on active duty in the Marine Corps Reserve on June 11, 1943 in Seattle.The Marine Corps District Headquarters Induction and Recruitment Station in Seattle immediately used him in a public-relations enlistment poster photo wearing his summer officers service uniform. Afterwards, he was transferred to Officer Indoctrination and Physical Training schools at Camp Pendleton, California. In September 1943, Chevigny was assigned to Camp Lejeune in New River, North Carolina as a physical training instructor, athletic officer, and assistant coach of the Camp Lejeune football team. He soon became head coach, renaming the team (then 0–2–1) which was named the " Camp Lejeune All-Stars", to the "Camp Lejeune Leathernecks" (they finished 6–2–1). In late 1943, he requested an overseas combat assignment. Iwo Jima and death
In January 1944, Chevigny reported for duty at Camp Pendleton, California. After brief duty as an instructor, he was assigned to Headquarters Company, Headquarters Battalion, Fifth Marine Division.He was sent with the 5th Division to Camp Tarawa, Hawaii to train for the assault of Iwo Jima (Operation Detachment) which would include two other Marine divisions of the V Amphibious Corps. He was reassigned for duty as a liaison officer of H&S Company, 27th Marine Regiment, 5th Marine Division. He went with his unit to Iwo Jima aboard the attack transport, USS Rutland. The 27th Marines landed on "Red Beach 1" and "Red Beach 2" on February 19, 1945 (D-day). 1st Lt. Chevigny was one of the many hundreds of Marines and Navy corpsmen serving alongside them that were killed in action on the seven color-named and numbered landing zones, each 550 yards wide, that together stretched for two miles of beach on the southeast side of Iwo Jima. Burial place(s)
Chevigny was buried in the 5th Marine Division Cemetery on Iwo Jima and later was reburied in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific (called the "Punchbowl"; dedicated in 1949) in Honolulu, Hawaii. His tombstone is located in Section C, Site 508.Japanese surrender
Another legend surrounding Chevigny is that, after the 1934 football victory, he had been presented a fountain pen with the inscription, "To <mask>, a Notre Dame boy who beat Notre Dame", and that on September 2, 1945, this pen was discovered in the hands of one of the Japanese officer envoys at the surrender of Japan on the battleship USS Missouri. The pen was sent back home, and the inscription was changed to read, "To <mask>, a Notre Dame boy who gave his life for his country in the spirit of old Notre Dame". The legend, which surfaced in 1945 in conjunction with the anniversary of the November 10, 1928 football game, has been a part of Notre Dame lore ever since. However, no one in the Chevigny family has seen or confirmed the existence of the pen, or that the inscription was changed. Military awards
Chevigny's military decorations and awards:

References

External links

1906 births
1945 deaths
American football halfbacks
Chicago Cardinals coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
St. Edward's Crusaders football coaches
Texas Longhorns athletic directors
Texas Longhorns football coaches
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps personnel killed in World War II
Sportspeople from Hammond, Indiana
People from Lake County, Indiana
Coaches of American football from Indiana
Players of American football from Indiana
Burials in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific

masks:
John Edward Chevigny
Julius Chevigny
Rose Ann Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Chevigny
Jack Chevigny
Jack Chevigny


texts:
<mask> (3 April 1593 – 1 March 1633) was a poet, orator, and priest of the Church of England. His poetry is associated with the writings of the metaphysical poets, and he is recognised as "one of the foremost British devotional lyricists." He was born into an artistic and wealthy family and largely raised in England. He received a good education that led to his admission to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1609. He went there with the intention of becoming a priest, but he became the University's Public Orator and attracted the attention of King James I. He served in the Parliament of England in 1624 and briefly in 1625. After the death of King James, <mask> renewed his interest in ordination.He gave up his secular ambitions in his mid-thirties and took holy orders in the Church of England, spending the rest of his life as the rector of the rural parish of Fugglestone St Peter, just outside Salisbury. He was noted for unfailing care for his parishioners, bringing the sacraments to them when they were ill and providing food and clothing for those in need. Henry Vaughan called him "a most glorious saint and seer". He was never a healthy man and died of consumption at age 39. Biography

Early life and education

<mask> was born 3 April 1593 in Montgomery, Montgomeryshire, Wales, the son of <mask> (died 1596) and his wife Magdalen née Newport, the daughter of Sir Richard Newport (1511–1570). He was one of 10 children. The <mask> family was wealthy and powerful in both national and local government, and <mask> was descended from the same stock as the Earls of Pembroke.His father was a member of parliament, a justice of the peace, and later served for several years as custos rotulorum (keeper of the rolls) of Montgomeryshire. His mother was a patron and friend of clergyman and poet John Donne and other poets, writers and artists. As <mask>'s godfather, Donne stood in after <mask> died when <mask> was three years old. <mask> and his siblings were then raised by his mother, who pressed for a good education for her children. <mask>'s eldest brother Edward (who inherited his late father's estates and was ultimately created Baron <mask> of Cherbury) became a soldier, diplomat, historian, poet, and philosopher whose religious writings led to his reputation as the "father of English deism". <mask>'s younger brother was Sir <mask>, Master of the Revels to Kings Charles I and II. <mask> entered Westminster School at or around the age of 12 as a day pupil, although later he became a residential scholar.He was admitted on a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1609, and graduated first with a Bachelor's and then with a Master's degree in 1616 at the age of 23. Subsequently, <mask> was elected a major fellow of his college and then appointed Reader in Rhetoric. In 1620 he stressed his fluency in Greek and Latin and attained election to the post of the University's Public Orator, a position he held until 1627. In 1624, supported by his kinsman the 3rd Earl of Pembroke, <mask> became a member of parliament, representing Montgomery. While these positions normally presaged a career at court, and King James I had shown him favour, circumstances worked against <mask>: the King died in 1625, and two influential patrons also died at about the same time. However, his parliamentary career may have ended already because, although a Mr <mask> is mentioned as a committee member, the Commons Journal for 1625 never mentions Mr. <mask>, despite the preceding parliament's careful distinction. In short, <mask> made a shift in his path away from the political future he had been pursuing, and turned more fully toward a future in the church.<mask> was presented with the prebend of Leighton Bromswold in the Diocese of Lincoln in 1626, whilst he was still a don at Trinity College, Cambridge, but not yet ordained. He was not present at his institution as prebend, and it is recorded that Peter Walker, his clerk, stood in as his proxy. In the same year his close Cambridge friend Nicholas Ferrar was ordained Deacon in Westminster Abbey by Bishop Laud on Trinity Sunday 1626 and went to Little Gidding, two miles down the road from Leighton Bromswold, to found a small community. <mask> raised money (and contributed his own) to restore the neglected church building at Leighton. Priesthood

In 1629, <mask> decided to enter the priesthood and the next year was appointed rector of the rural parish of Fugglestone St Peter with Bemerton, near Salisbury in Wiltshire, about 75 miles southwest of London. He was responsible for two small churches: the 13th-century parish church of St Peter at Fugglestone, near Wilton, and the 14th-century chapel of St Andrew at Bemerton, closer to Salisbury at the other end of the parish. Here he lived, preached and wrote poetry; he also helped to rebuild the Bemerton church and adjacent rectory out of his own funds.His appointment may have again been assisted by the Earl of Pembroke, whose family seat at Wilton House lay close to Fugglestone church. While at Bemerton, <mask> revised and added to his collection of poems entitled The Temple. He also wrote a guide to rural ministry entitled A Priest to the Temple or, The County Parson His Character and Rule of Holy Life, which he himself described as "a Mark to aim at", and which has remained influential to this day. Having married shortly before taking up his post, he and his wife gave a home to three orphaned nieces. Together with their servants, they crossed the lane for services in the small St Andrew's church twice every day. Twice a week <mask> made the short journey into Salisbury to attend services at the cathedral, and afterwards would make music with the cathedral musicians. However, his time at Bemerton was short.Having suffered for most of his life from poor health, in 1633 <mask> died of consumption only three years after taking holy orders. Poetry
<mask> wrote poetry in English, Latin and Greek. Shortly before his death, he sent a literary manuscript to his friend Nicholas Ferrar, reportedly telling him to publish the poems if he thought they might "turn to the advantage of any dejected poor soul", otherwise to burn them. In 1633 all of his English poems were published in The Temple: Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations, with a preface by Ferrar. The book went through eight editions by 1690. According to Izaak Walton, when <mask> sent the manuscript to Ferrar, he said that "he shall find in it a picture of the many spiritual conflicts that have passed between God and my soul, before I could subject mine to the will of Jesus, my Master". In this <mask> used the format of the poems to reinforce the theme he was trying to portray.Beginning with "The Church Porch", they proceed via "The Altar" to "The Sacrifice", and so onwards through the collection. All of <mask>'s surviving English poems are on religious themes and are characterised by directness of expression enlivened by original but apt conceits in which, in the Metaphysical manner, the likeness is of function rather than visual. In The Windows, for example, he compares a righteous preacher to glass through which God's light shines more effectively than in his words. Commenting on his religious poetry later in the 17th century, Richard Baxter said, "<mask> speaks to God like one that really believeth in God, and whose business in the world is most with God. Heart-work and heaven-work make up his books". Helen Gardner later added "head-work" to this characterisation in acknowledgement of his "intellectual vivacity". It has also been pointed out how <mask> uses puns and wordplay to "convey the relationships between the world of daily reality and the world of transcendent reality that gives it meaning.The kind of word that functions on two or more planes is his device for making his poem an expression of that relationship." Visually too the poems are varied in such a way as to enhance their meaning, with intricate rhyme schemes, stanzas combining different line lengths and other ingenious formal devices. The most obvious examples are pattern poems like The Altar, in which the shorter and longer lines are arranged on the page in the shape of an altar. The visual appeal is reinforced by the conceit of its construction from a broken, stony heart, representing the personal offering of himself as a sacrifice upon it. Built into this is an allusion to Psalm 51:17: "The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and a contrite heart." In the case of "Easter Wings" (illustrated here), the words were printed sideways on two facing pages so that the lines there suggest outspread wings. The words of the poem are paralleled between stanzas and mimic the opening and closing of the wings.In <mask>'s poems formal ingenuity is not an end in itself but is employed only as an auxiliary to its meaning. The formal devices employed to convey that meaning are wide in range. In his meditation on the passage "Our life is hid with Christ in God", the capitalised words 'My life is hid in him that is my treasure' move across successive lines and demonstrate what is spoken of in the text. Opposites are brought together in "Bitter-Sweet" for the same purpose. Echo and variation are also common. The exclamations at the head and foot of each stanza in "Sighs and Grones" are one example. The diminishing truncated rhymes in "Paradise" are another.There is also an echo-dialogue after each line in "Heaven", other examples of which are found in the poetry of his brother Lord <mask> of Cherbury.

masks:
George Herbert
Herbert
George Herbert
Richard Herbert
Herbert
George
George
Richard Herbert
George
Herbert
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Henry Herbert
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George Herbert
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texts:
 Alternative rhymes are offered at the end of the stanzas in "The Water-Course", while the "Mary/Army Anagram" is represented in its title. In "The Collar", Joseph Summers argues, <mask> goes so far as to use apparent formlessness as a formal and thematic device: "the poem contains all the elements of order in violent disorder" until the end, when the final four lines' regularity restores the reader's sense of "the necessity of order". Once the taste for this display of Baroque wit had passed, the satirist John Dryden was to dismiss it as so many means to "torture one poor word ten thousand ways." Though <mask> remained esteemed for his piety, the poetic skill with which he expressed his thought had to wait centuries to be admired again. Prose
<mask>'s only prose work, A Priest to the Temple (usually known as The Country Parson), offers practical advice to rural clergy. In it, he advises that "things of ordinary use" such as ploughs, leaven, or dances, could be made to "serve for lights even of Heavenly Truths".It was first published in 1652 as part of <mask>'s Remains, or Sundry Pieces of That Sweet Singer, Mr. <mask>, edited by Barnabas Oley. The first edition was prefixed with unsigned preface by Oley, which was used as one of the sources for Izaak Walton's biography of <mask>, first published in 1670. The second edition appeared in 1671 as A Priest to the Temple or the Country Parson, with a new preface, this time signed by Oley. Like many of his literary contemporaries, <mask> was a collector of proverbs. His Outlandish Proverbs was published in 1640, listing over 1000 aphorisms in English, but gathered from many countries (in <mask>'s day, 'outlandish' meant foreign). The collection included many sayings repeated to this day, for example, "His bark is worse than his bite" and "Who is so deaf, as he that will not hear?" These and an additional 150 proverbs were included in a later collection entitled Jacula Prudentum (sometimes seen as Jacula Prudentium), dated 1651 and published in 1652 as part of Oley's <mask>'s Remains.Musical settings
<mask> was a skilled lutenist who "sett his own lyricks or sacred poems". Musical pursuits interested him all through his life and his biographer, Izaak Walton, records that he rose to play the lute during his final illness. Walton also gave it as his opinion that he composed "such hymns and anthems as he and the angels now sing in heaven", while Walton's friend Charles Cotton described him as a "soul composed of harmonies". In view of such tributes, it is no surprise to find that more than ninety of <mask>'s poems have been set for singing over the centuries, some of them multiple times. Beginning in his own century, there were settings of "Longing" by Henry Purcell and "And art thou grieved" by John Blow. Some forty were adapted for the Methodist hymnal by the Wesley brothers, among them "Teach me my God and King", which found its place in one version or another in 223 hymnals. Another poem, "Let all the world in every corner sing", was published in 103 hymnals, of which one is a French version.Other languages into which his work has been translated for musical settings include Spanish, Catalan and German. In the 20th century, "Vertue" alone achieved ten settings, one of them in French. Among leading modern composers who set his work were Edmund Rubbra, who set "Easter" as the first of his Two songs for voice and string trio (op.2, 1921); Ralph Vaughan Williams, who used four by <mask> in Five Mystical Songs, of which "Easter" was the first and "Antiphon II" the last;  Robin Milford, who used the original Fitzwilliam manuscript's setting of the second part of "Easter" for his cantata Easter Morning (1932), set in two parts for soprano soloist and choir of children’s or women's voices;Benjamin Britten and William Walton, both of whom set "Antiphon" too; Ned Rorem who included one in his "10 poems for voice, oboe and strings" (1982); and Judith Weir, whose 2005 choral work Vertue includes three poems by <mask>. Legacy

The earliest portrait of <mask> was engraved long after his death by Robert White for Walton's biography of the poet in 1674 (see above). Now in London's National Portrait Gallery, it served as basis for later engravings, such as those by White's apprentice John Sturt and by Henry Hoppner Meyer in 1829. Among later artistic commemorations is William Dyce's oil painting of "<mask> at Bemerton" (1860) in the Guildhall Art Gallery, London. The poet is pictured in his riverside garden, prayerbook in hand.Over the meadows is Salisbury Cathedral, where he used to join in the musical evensong; his lute leans against a stone bench and against a tree a fishing rod is propped, a reminder of his first biographer, Isaac Walton. There is also a musical reference in Charles West Cope's "<mask> Herbert and his mother" (1872), which is in Gallery Oldham: the mother points a poem out to him in a room that has a virginal in the background. Most representations of <mask>, however, are in stained glass windows, of which there are several in churches and cathedrals. They include Westminster Abbey, Salisbury Cathedral and All Saints Church, Cambridge. His own St Andrew's Church in Bemerton installed in 1934 a memorial window, which he shares with Nicholas Ferrar. In addition, there is a statue of <mask> in his canonical robes, based in part on the Robert White portrait, in a niche on the West Front of Salisbury Cathedral. In the liturgy too, <mask> is remembered in the Church of England with a Lesser Festival on 27 February; also on 1 March in, for example, the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, being the day of his death.There are various collects for the day, of which one is based on his poem "The Elixir":

Our God and King, who called your servant <mask> from the pursuit of worldly honors to be a pastor of souls, a poet, and a priest in your temple: Give us grace, we pray, joyfully to perform the tasks you give us to do, knowing that nothing is menial or common that is done for your sake ... Amen. The quote "All may have, if they dare try, a glorious life, or a grave" from <mask>'s "The Church Porch" is inscribed on the outer wall of St. John's Church, Waterloo. Works
 1623: Oratio Qua auspicatissimum Serenissimi Principis Caroli. 1627: Memoriae Matris Sacrum, printed with A Sermon of commemoracion of the ladye Danvers by John Donne... with other Commemoracions of her by <mask> (London: Philemon Stephens and Christopher Meredith). 1633: The Temple, Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations. (Cambridge: Printed by Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel). 1652: <mask>'s Remains, Or, Sundry Pieces Of that sweet Singer of the Temple consisting of his collected writings from A Priest to the Temple, Jacula Prudentum, Sentences, & c., as well as a letter, several prayers, and three Latin poems.(London: Printed for Timothy Garthwait)

References

Citations

Sources

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Further reading
Editions
1941: The Works of <mask>, ed. F. E. Hutchinson. 2007: The English Poems of <mask>, ed. Helen Wilcox. Cambridge University Press

Studies
 Clarke, Elizabeth, Theory and Theology in <mask>'s Poetry: "Divinitie, and Poesie, Met", Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997. Drury, John, Music at Midnight: The Life and Poetry of <mask>, Allen Lane, 2013. Falloon, Jane Heart in Pilgrimage: a study of <mask>, Milton Keynes: AuthorHouse, 2007.Lewis-Anthony, Justin "If You Meet <mask> on the Road, Kill Him": Radically re-thinking priestly ministry, an exploration of the life of <mask> as a take-off for a re-evaluation of the ministry within the Church of England. Mowbray, August 2009. Sullivan, Ceri. The Rhetoric of the Conscience in Donne, <mask>, and Vaughan. Oxford University Press, 2008. Orrick, Jim, A Year with <mask>: a guide to fifty-two of his best loved poems. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2011.Sheldrake, Philip (2009) Heaven in Ordinary: <mask> and his writings. Canterbury Press
 Oakley, Mark "My Sour-Sweet Days: <mask> and the Journey of the Soul". SPCK, 2019. External links

 The Works of <mask>
 <mask> and Bemerton about <mask>'s priesthood and parish
 The Life of Mr. <mask> by Izaak Walton (1593–1683)
 <mask>  at the Cambridge Authors Project
 George <mask>  Bio and Poems
 Selected Poetry of <mask> at Representative Poetry Online
 Lives of John Donne, Henry Wotton, Richard Hooker, <mask>, &c, Vol. 2, Project Gutenberg
 A Short introduction to <mask>'s verse

 ″The Call″ by <mask> in Ralph Vaughan Williams' arrangement from Five Mystical Songs. YouTube Video (2:24 min.) Easterwings (poem by <mask>) with commentary upon and pics of its modern and 1633 arrangements
 <mask> poem My Elixir as hymn 'Teach me, My God and King', ccel.org
 The Remains of That Sweet Singer of The temple, ed.Barnabas Oley
 Outlandish Proverbs Selected by Mr. G.H. 1593 births
1633 deaths
17th-century Christian mystics
17th-century deaths from tuberculosis
17th-century English Anglican priests
17th-century English poets
17th-century Welsh Anglican priests
17th-century Welsh poets
17th-century Welsh writers
17th-century male writers
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Anglican poets
Anglican saints
Anglo-Welsh poets
Cambridge University Orators
Christian writers
English male poets
English MPs 1624–1625
Greek-language poets
Members of the Parliament of England (pre-1707) for constituencies in Wales
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
People educated at Westminster School, London
Protestant mystics
Sonneteers
<mask>
Tuberculosis deaths in

masks:
Herbert
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George Herbert
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George Herbert
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George
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George Herbert
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George Herbert
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George Herbert
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George Herbert
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George Herbert
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George Herbert


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<mask> (12 January 1674 – 21 November 1734) was a French portrait painter, known for his portraits of the French and Jacobite nobility. As a portrait artist, <mask>'s style followed that of his master François de Troy, Hyacinthe Rigaud, and Nicolas de Largillière. He was the master of the painter Jacques-André-Joseph-Camelot Aved (1702–1766). Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Paris, the second child and only son of Jean-<mask> (born before 1642, died 1703), also a painter, and of Anne his wife (died 1705). <mask>'s birth and baptism are recorded in the parish register of the church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, and quoted in Eugène Piot's Le Cabinet de l'amateur for the years 1861 and 1862:

<mask> studied first under his father, then continued his training in the studio of François de Troy (1645/46-1730), a painter at the court of King James II in exile at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. He began to produce work at Saint-Germain in the years 1698 to 1701. This was a period of peace between France and Great Britain, and Jacobites could cross the English Channel carrying portraits of James Edward Stuart (who at his father's death in 1701 became the Jacobite claimant to the British throne) and his sister Princess Louisa Maria.Troy was then James II's only court painter and needed the help of <mask>, his best student, to produce all the portraits ordered from him. In August 1700, <mask> won the Prix de Rome, but went on working at Saint-Germain instead of travelling to Italy. Court painter

On 12 November 1701, <mask> married the miniature painter Anne Chéron (c. 1663–1718), when he was described as peintre ordinaire du Roy d'Angleterre (painter in ordinary to the King of England). As King James II had died a few weeks before, this was a reference to his son James Edward, who had been proclaimed king of England, Scotland and Ireland by King Louis XIV. <mask> became the principal painter to the Jacobite court, where he and his wife settled and worked. After war broke out again between Great Britain and France in 1702, their portraits of James Edward Stuart ('The Old Pretender') and his sister the Princess Royal continued to be smuggled across the Channel, and <mask> did other work for members of the court and for the English Augustinian convent in Paris. Several copies exist of his portrait of James Edward Stuart in armour and standing beside the English Channel, on which there are warships, pointing towards the cliffs of Dover.<mask>'s most famous portrait of James Edward Stuart dates from 1712, just before he left Saint Germain for Lorraine, and shows him in a tent in a military outfit. This became the standard image of the Old Pretender and was much copied. In an engraving of the painting by François Chéreau, <mask> is described as peintre de S. M. Brit. (painter to His Britannic Majesty). In 1713, Chéreau also engraved a portrait by <mask> of Princess Louisa Maria (who had died in 1712) which is now in Sizergh Castle, Cumbria. After the Pretender had left Saint Germain, <mask> stayed there and painted some of the diplomats connected with the Treaty of Utrecht. However, in 1714 he joined James Edward's new court at Bar-le-Duc.During the years 1716 to 1719, <mask> received many commissions from Jacobites in exile after the unsuccessful rising of 1715. By then, the Old Pretender was himself living in Italy. During the 1720s, <mask>'s work was increasingly for the French nobility. He painted the young King Louis XV, and much of his work was engraved, showing that he had by then a high status in France. He painted Louis XV's one-time fiancée Mariana Victoria of Spain, whom he later did not marry; he worked also for Jacobites in France, and as late as 1724 signed a portrait of Marie-Charlotte Sobieska (James Edward Stuart's sister-in-law) pictor regis Britann (painter to the king of Britain). In 1731, <mask> made two copies of portraits by David of James Edward Stuart's two young sons, Prince Charles Edward Stuart and Prince Henry Benedict Stuart. <mask>'s first wife, Anne Chéron, died in April 1718.On 12 January 1722 he married as his second wife the engraver Marie-Nicolle Horthemels (born 1689, died after 1745), herself a painter and engraver. Together, they had two sons, born in 1722 and 1726, and a daughter born in 1730. With his new wife, <mask> lived both among the remaining Jacobites at Saint Germain, where he owned property, and in Paris in the rue du Four. His second wife's sister Louise-Magdeleine Horthemels (1686–1767) was an important engraver in Paris for some fifty years and was the mother of the designer, engraver, and art critic Charles-Nicolas Cochin (1715–1790). Another of his wife's sisters, Marie-Anne-Hyacinthe Horthemels (1682–1727), worked in the same field and was the wife of Nicolas-Henri Tardieu (1674–1749), an engraver who was a member of the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. The Horthemels family, originally from the Netherlands, were followers of the Dutch theologian Cornelis Jansen and had links with the Parisian abbey of Port-Royal des Champs, the centre of Jansenist thought in France. <mask> and his wife Marie-Nicole were the parents of Clément-Louis-Marie-<mask> (1722–1806), a French painter and tapestry designer.The parish register of Saint Sulpice goes into considerable detail about Clément-Louis's baptism:

Those named are evidently the Jacobite peer William Maxwell, 5th Earl of Nithsdale (c. 1682–1744), his wife Winifred Herbert (c. 1690–1749), who had arranged her husband's escape from the Tower of London in 1716, and their daughter Lady Anne Maxwell (1716–1735). Remarkably, the godmother was only six years old. 'Herbet de Ponis' is an error, as Winifred Herbert was the daughter of Lord Powis. Death
When <mask> died in 1734, he was described as "painter to the king in his Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, comptroller of clergy stipends and comptroller of poultry", so his royal connections had evidently led to offices of profit under the crown. <mask> died at Paris in 1734. His funeral is again recorded in some detail in the parish register of the church of Saint-Sulpice, as quoted in Eugène Piot's Le Cabinet de l'amateur. This states that <mask> was buried on 22 November 1734.Apart from describing him as painter to the king in the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, comptroller of clergy stipends and of poultry, the register entry says that <mask> was the husband of Marie-Nicole Hortemels and had died at his house in the rue du Four on the previous day, 21 November. His age is given as "about 60 years, 10 months, 8 days", and it is also recorded that the funeral was attended by Clément Louis Marie <mask> and "N. <mask>, privately baptized, aged 7 years", sons, and by "Fréderic-Eustache-Auguste Hortemels, copperplate engraver, Denis Hortemels, bookseller, Nicolas Tardien and Charles-Nicolas Cochin, engravers to the king, both brothers-in law to the deceased". <mask>'s son Clément-Louis became a history painter. When he died in 1806, he was described as "Rector of the Special School of Painting, Sculpture, Architecture and Engraving, and Professor of Design to the Imperial Manufactury of Gobelins". Works

<mask> was primarily a portrait artist. His work includes:
 Allegorical portrait of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart and his sister Princess Louisa Maria Theresa, showing the prince as a guardian angel leading his sister under the gaze of cherubim (1699), now in the Royal Collection
 Queen Mary of Modena, c. 1699, now at Sizergh Castle, Cumbria. ), Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des Peintres, Sculpteurs, Dessinateurs et Graveurs (Paris: 1911–1923, new edition by Librairie Gründ, 1976)

External links

 <mask> <mask> at the Royal Collection
 <mask> <mask> at Joconde
 Alexis <mask> at the National Portrait Gallery, London
 Alexis <mask> Belle at the Web Gallery of Art

1674 births
1734 deaths
Painters from Paris
17th-century French painters
French male painters
18th-century French painters
French portrait painters
Prix de Rome for painting

masks:
Alexis Simon Belle
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Baptiste Belle
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Anne Belle
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Anne Belle
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Alexis Simon
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Alexis Simon
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Simon Belle
Simon


texts:
Lieutenant-General Sir <mask> "Boy" <mask>,  (20 December 1896 – 14 March 1965) was a senior officer of the British Army who has been called the "father of the British airborne forces". He was the commander of I Airborne Corps and deputy commander of First Allied Airborne Army during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. During the planning for this operation, he was alleged to have said: "I think we might be going a bridge too far." He was also an Olympic bobsleigh competitor, and the husband of author Dame Daphne du Maurier. Educated at Eton College and then at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Grenadier Guards in 1915. During the First World War, he fought on the Western Front, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for conspicuous gallantry during the Battle of Cambrai in November 1917. In September 1918, he became aide de camp to General Sir Henry Rawlinson.After the war, he competed in the bobsleigh at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in which his team finished tenth. He married Daphne du Maurier in July 1932. During the Second World War, <mask> commanded the 1st Airborne Division and I Airborne Corps. He led the latter during Operation Market Garden, travelling by glider to participate in the assault. In December 1944 he became Chief of Staff of Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten's South East Asia Command. From September 1946 to January 1948, he was Military Secretary of the War Office. In January 1948, <mask> became Comptroller and Treasurer to Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh.After she ascended to the throne to become Queen Elizabeth II in 1952, he became treasurer in the Office of the Duke of Edinburgh. He suffered a severe nervous breakdown in 1957 and retired in 1959. He died at Menabilly, the mansion that inspired his wife's novel Rebecca, on 14 March 1965. Early life
<mask> Montague <mask> was born on 20 December 1896 at his family home in Kensington, London. The house was later demolished to make way for an expansion of Harrods, allowing him to claim in later life that he had been born in its piano department. He was the first son of <mask> <mask>, a wine merchant, and his wife Nancy (née Alt). He had one sibling, his older sister Helen Grace.From an early age, he was known to his family as "Tommy". He was educated at West Downs School and Eton College, which his grandfather had attended. While at Eton, he joined the Officer Training Corps. First World War
<mask> sat the entrance examinations for the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, on 24 November 1914. Although he did not achieve the necessary scores in all the required subjects, the headmasters of some schools, including Eton, were in a position to recommend students for nomination by the Army Council. The headmaster of Eton, Edward Lyttelton, put <mask>'s name forward and in this way he entered Sandhurst on 27 December 1914. He graduated on 16 June 1915, and was commissioned a second lieutenant into the Grenadier Guards.Joining such an exclusive regiment, even in wartime, required a personal introduction and an interview by the regimental commander, Colonel Sir Henry Streatfield. Initially, <mask> joined the 4th Battalion, Grenadier Guards, which was training at Bovington Camp. When it departed for the Western Front in August 1915, he was transferred to the 5th (Reserve) Battalion. In October 1915 he left it to join the 2nd Battalion at the front. The battalion formed part of the 1st Guards Brigade of the Guards Division. Around this time he acquired the nickname "Boy". For a time he served in the same company of 2nd Battalion as Major Winston Churchill.Upon Churchill's arrival, <mask> was given the job of showing him the company's trenches. When <mask> discovered that Churchill had no greatcoat, <mask> gave Churchill his own. <mask> was invalided back to England with trench fever in January 1916, and, although only hospitalised for four weeks, did not rejoin the 2nd Battalion at the front until 6 October 1916. After being released from hospital, he went on leave for two months. In April he was posted to the 5th (Reserve) Battalion, and then to the Guards Depot at Caterham. He was assessed each month by a medical board at Caxton Hall, and was not passed as fit for service at the front until 20 September. <mask> fought in the Battle of Pilckem Ridge on 31 July 1917, the Battle of Poelcappelle on 9 October and the Battle of Cambrai in November.He distinguished himself in this battle, for which he received the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). The order was generally given to officers in command, above the rank of captain. When a junior officer like <mask>, who was still only a lieutenant, was awarded the DSO, this was often regarded as an acknowledgement that the officer had only just missed out on being awarded the Victoria Cross. His citation read:

He was awarded the French Croix de Guerre on 14 December 1917, and was mentioned in despatches on 23 May 1918. In September 1918, <mask> became aide de camp to General Sir Henry Rawlinson, commander of the British Fourth Army, after which he returned to his regiment. He was promoted to the temporary rank of captain, and appointed adjutant of the 1st Battalion, Grenadier Guards, then part of the 3rd Guards Brigade of the Guards Division, in November 1918. Inter-war period

<mask> was granted the substantive rank of captain on 24 November 1920.He retained his post as adjutant until November 1921, when he was posted to the Guards' Depot in Caterham. In 1924 he was posted to Sandhurst as adjutant. He was the first adjutant, during the Sovereign's Parade of 1926, to ride his horse (named "The Vicar") up the steps of Old College and to dismount in the Grand Entrance. There is no satisfactory explanation as to why he did it. After the Second World War this became an enduring tradition, but since horses have great difficulty going down steps, a ramp is now provided for the horse to return. Other members of staff at Sandhurst at the time included Richard O'Connor, Miles Dempsey, Douglas Gracey, and Eric Dorman-Smith, with whom he became close friends. <mask> relinquished the appointment of adjutant at Sandhurst on 28 April 1928, and was promoted to major on 22 May 1928.Following a pattern whereby tours of duty away from the regiment alternated with those in it, he was sent for a refresher course at the Small Arms School before being posted to the 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards, at Pirbright. His workload was very light, allowing plenty of time for sports. <mask> competed in the Amateur Athletic Association of England championships in hurdling but failed to make Olympic selection. He did however make the Olympic five-man bobsleigh team as brake-man. An injury incurred during a training accident prevented his participation in the bobsleigh at the 1924 Winter Olympics, but he competed in the bobsleigh at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, in which his team finished tenth. <mask> was also a keen sailor, competing in the Household Cavalry Sailing Regatta at Chichester Harbour in 1930. He purchased his own motor boat, a  cabin cruiser that he named Ygdrasil.In 1931, <mask> read Daphne du Maurier's novel The Loving Spirit and, impressed by its graphic depictions of the Cornish coastline, set out to see it for himself in Ygdrasil. Afterwards, he left the boat moored in the River Fowey for the winter, but returned in April 1932 to collect it. He heard that the author of the book that had impressed him so much was convalescing from an appendix operation, and invited her out on his boat. After a short romance, he proposed to her but she rejected this, as she did not believe in marriage. Dorman-Smith then went to see her and explained that their living together without marriage would be disastrous for <mask>'s career. Du Maurier then proposed to <mask>, who accepted. They were married in a simple ceremony at the Church of St Willow, Lanteglos-by-Fowey on 19 July 1932, and honeymooned on Ygdrasil.Their marriage produced three children: two daughters, Tessa and Flavia, and a son, Christian, known as Kits. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant-colonel on 1 February 1936, and was appointed commanding officer of the 2nd Battalion, Grenadier Guards. The battalion was deployed to Egypt in 1936 and returned in December 1937. His term as commander ended on 1 August 1939; he was removed from the Grenadier Guards' regimental list but remained on full pay. On 1 September, he was promoted to colonel, with his seniority backdated to 1 February 1939, and became Commandant of the Small Arms School. Second World War

Airborne troops

Establishment

In mid-May 1940, eight months after the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask>, promoted to brigadier, was given command of the 128th (Hampshire) Infantry Brigade (consisting of the 1/4th, 2/4th and 5th Battalions of the Hampshire Regiment). Part of the 43rd (Wessex) Infantry Division, which was then commanded by Major-General Robert Pollok, the brigade was a Territorial Army unit that was preparing to join the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in France.This was pre-empted by the Dunkirk evacuation and the subsequent fall of France in June, and the division instead assumed a defensive posture. In late February 1941, after handing over the brigade to Brigadier Manley James, <mask> succeeded Brigadier The Hon. William Fraser, a fellow Grenadier Guardsman and an old friend, in command of the 24th Guards Brigade Group, whose objective was to defend London from an attack from the south. On 3 November 1941, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of major-general, and appointed as the first General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the newly created 1st Airborne Division. The division initially comprised the 1st Parachute Brigade, under Brigadier Richard Gale, and the 1st Airlanding Brigade, under Brigadier George Hopkinson. In this new role he was instrumental in parachutists adopting the maroon beret, and assigned an artist, Major Edward Seago, to design the Parachute Regiment's emblem of the warrior Bellerophon riding Pegasus, the winged horse. <mask> designed his own uniform.Because of this he has been called the "father of the British airborne forces".He qualified as a pilot in 1942, and henceforth wore the Army Air Corps wings, which he also designed himself. <mask> supervised the newly formed division as it underwent a prolonged period of expansion and intensive training, with new brigades raised and assigned to the division, and new equipment tested. Though not considered an airborne warfare visionary, he proved adept at dealing with an apathetic War Office and an obstructionist Air Ministry, and demonstrated a knack for overcoming bureaucratic obstacles. As the airborne forces expanded in size, the major difficulty in getting the 1st Airborne Division ready for operations was a shortage of aircraft. The Royal Air Force (RAF) had neglected air transport before the war, and the only available aircraft for airborne troops were conversions of obsolete bombers like the Armstrong Whitworth Whitley. Air Chief Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, in particular, felt that the 1st Airborne Division was not worth the drain on RAF Bomber Command's resources. When the Prime Minister, Churchill, and General George Marshall, the US Army Chief of Staff, visited the 1st Airborne Division on 16 April 1942, they were treated to a demonstration involving every available aircraft of No.38 Wing RAF—12 Whitleys and nine Hawker Hector biplanes towing General Aircraft Hotspur gliders. At a meeting on 6 May chaired by Churchill, <mask> was asked what he required. He stated that he needed 96 aircraft to get the 1st Airborne Division battle-ready. Churchill directed Air Chief Marshal Sir Charles Portal to find the required aircraft, and Portal agreed to supply 83 Whitleys, along with 10 Halifax bombers to tow the new, larger General Aircraft Hamilcar gliders. In July 1942, <mask> travelled to the United States, where he toured airborne training facilities with his American counterpart, Major General William C. Lee, who soon took command of the US 101st Airborne Division. <mask>'s tendency to lecture the Americans on airborne warfare made him few friends among the Americans, who felt that the British were still novices themselves. <mask> was envious of the Americans' equipment, particularly the Dakota transports.On returning to the United Kingdom, he arranged for a joint exercise to be conducted with the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment (2/503). Operation Torch

In mid–September, as the 1st Airborne Division was coming close to reaching full strength, <mask> was informed that Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa, would take place in November. When he found that the 2/503 was to take part, <mask> argued that a larger airborne force should be utilised, as the vast distances and comparatively light opposition would provide opportunities for airborne operations. The War Office and the Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces, General Sir Bernard Paget, were won over by <mask>'s arguments, and agreed to detach the 1st Parachute Brigade, now under Brigadier Edwin Flavell, from 1st Airborne Division and place it under the command of Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who would command all Allied troops participating in the invasion. After it had been brought to full operational strength, partly by cross-posting personnel from the newly formed 2nd Parachute Brigade, under Brigadier Ernest Down, and had been provided with sufficient equipment and resources, the brigade departed for North Africa at the beginning of November. The results of British airborne operations in North Africa were mixed, and the subject of a detailed report by <mask>. The airborne troops had operated under several handicaps, including shortages of aerial photographs and maps of the target area.All the troop carrier aircrew were American, who lacked familiarity with airborne operations and in dealing with British troops and equipment. <mask> felt that the inexperience with handling airborne operations extended to Eisenhower's Allied Forces Headquarters (AFHQ) and that of the British First Army, resulting in the paratroops being misused.

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 He felt that had they been employed more aggressively and in greater strength they might have shortened the Tunisian campaign by some months. The 1st Parachute Brigade had been called the "Rote Teufel" or "Red Devils" by the German troops they had fought. <mask> pointed out to the brigade that this was an honour, as "distinctions given by the enemy are seldom won in battle except by the finest fighting troops." The title was officially confirmed by General Sir Harold Alexander, commander of the Allied 18th Army Group, and henceforth it applied to all British airborne troops. Allied Force Headquarters posting

On 1 January 1943, <mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath.He relinquished command of the 1st Airborne Division to Brigadier George Hopkinson, formerly the commander of the 1st Airlanding Brigade, in March 1943 to take up a new post as major-general, Airborne Forces at Eisenhower's AFHQ. He soon clashed with the commander of the American 82nd Airborne Division, Major General Matthew Ridgway. When <mask> asked to see the plans for Operation Husky, the Allied invasion of Sicily, Ridgway replied that they would not be available for scrutiny until after they had been approved by the U.S. Seventh Army commander, Lieutenant General George S. Patton. When <mask> protested, Patton backed Ridgway, but Eisenhower and his chief of staff, Major General Walter Bedell Smith, supported <mask> and forced them to back down. <mask>'s dealings with the British Army were no smoother. Hopkinson sold the British Eighth Army commander, General Sir Bernard Montgomery, on Operation Ladbroke, a glider landing to seize the Ponte Grande road bridge south of Syracuse.<mask>'s objections to the operation were ignored, and attempts to discuss airborne operations with the corps commanders elicited a directive from Montgomery that all such discussion had to go through him. <mask> concluded that to be effective, the airborne advisor had to have equal rank with the army commanders. In September 1943, <mask> travelled to India, where he inspected the 50th Parachute Brigade, and met with Major-General Orde Wingate, the commander of the Chindits. <mask> held a series of meetings with General Sir Claude Auchinleck, the Commander-in-Chief, India; Air Chief Marshal Sir Richard Peirse, the Air Officer C-in-C; and Lieutenant-General Sir George Giffard, the GOC Eastern Army. They discussed plans for improving the airborne establishment in India and expanding the airborne force there to a division. As a result of these discussions, and <mask>'s subsequent report to the War Office, the 44th Indian Airborne Division was formed in October 1944. <mask> sent his most experienced airborne commander, Major-General Ernest Down, formerly the 2nd Parachute Brigade commander until he succeeded Hopkinson, who had been killed in Italy, as GOC 1st Airborne Division, to India as GOC of the 44th Division.Down's replacement in command of the 1st Airborne Division by Montgomery's selection, Major-General Roy Urquhart, an officer with no airborne experience, rather than <mask>'s choice, Brigadier Gerald Lathbury of the 1st Parachute Brigade. The decision was to become controversial. Some saw <mask> as "a ruthless and manipulative empire builder who brooked no opposition". Brigadier-General James M. Gavin, the assistant division commander (ADC) of the 82nd Airborne Division, recalled that when he travelled to England in November 1943, the 82nd's commander, Major General Ridgway "cautioned me against the machinations and scheming of General F. M<mask>, who was the senior British airborne officer, and well he should have." Major-General Ray Barker told him that <mask> was "an empire builder", an assessment with which Gavin came to agree. Operation Market Garden
<mask> assumed a new command on 4 December 1943. His Directive No.1 announced that "the title of the force is Headquarters, Airborne Troops (21st Army Group). All correspondence will bear the official title, but verbally it will be known as the Airborne Corps and I will be referred to as the Corps Commander." He was promoted to lieutenant-general on 7 January 1944, with his seniority backdated to 9 December 1943. He officially became commander of I Airborne Corps on 16 April 1944. I Airborne Corps became part of the First Allied Airborne Army, commanded by Lieutenant General Lewis H. Brereton, in August 1944. While retaining command of the corps, <mask> also became Deputy Commander of the Army, despite a poor relationship with Brereton and being disliked by many American officers, including Major General Ridgway, now commanding the newly created U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, in turn handing over the 82nd Airborne Division to Brigadier General Gavin. During preparations for one of many cancelled operations, Linnete II, his disagreement with Brereton over a risky operation caused him to threaten resignation, which, due to differences in military culture, Brereton regarded as tantamount to disobeying an order.<mask> was forced into a humiliating backdown. When I Airborne Corps was committed to action in Operation Market Garden in September 1944, <mask>'s rift with Brereton had severe repercussions. <mask> was concerned about the timetable put forward by Major-General Paul L. Williams of the IX Troop Carrier Command, under which the drop was staggered over several days, and not to make two drops on the first day. This restricted the number of combat troops available on the first day. He also disagreed with the British drop zones proposed by Air Vice Marshal Leslie Hollinghurst of No. 38 Group, which he felt were too distant from the bridge at Arnhem, but <mask> now felt unable to challenge the airmen. <mask> downplayed evidence brought to him by his intelligence officer, Major Brian Urquhart, that the 9th SS Panzer Division Hohenstaufen and the 10th SS Panzer Division Frundsberg were in the Arnhem area, but was not as confident as he led his subordinates to believe.According to Major-General Urquhart, GOC of the British 1st Airborne Division, when informed that his airborne troops would have to hold the bridge for two days, <mask> responded that they could hold it for four, but later claimed to Urquhart that he had added: "But I think we might be going a bridge too far." <mask> landed by gliders with a tactical headquarters near Nijmegen. His use of 38 aircraft to move his corps headquarters on the first lift has been criticised. Half of these gliders carried signal equipment but for much of the operation he had no contact with either the British 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem or Major General Maxwell D. Taylor's U.S. 101st Airborne Division at Eindhoven. His headquarters had not been envisaged as a frontline unit, and the signals section that had been hastily assembled just weeks before lacked training and experience. In his pack, <mask> carried three teddy bears and a framed print of Albrecht Dürer's The Praying Hands. After the war, Gavin and his staff were criticised for the decision to secure the high ground around Groesbeek before attempting the capture of the Waal bridge at Nijmegen.<mask> took responsibility for this, noting that he "personally gave an order to Jim Gavin that, although every effort should be made to effect the capture of the Grave and Nijmegen bridges as soon as possible, it was essential that he should capture the Groesbeek Ridge and hold it". <mask> was awarded the Order of Polonia Restituta (II class) by the Polish government-in-exile, but his critical evaluation of the contribution of Polish forces led to the removal of Major-General Stanisław Sosabowski as commanding officer of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade. Some writers later claimed that Sosabowski had been made a scapegoat for the failure of Market Garden. Montgomery attached no blame to <mask> or any of his subordinates, or indeed acknowledged failure at all. He told Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, the [Chief of the Imperial General Staff]] (CIGS), the professional head of the British Army, that he would like <mask> to take over VIII Corps in the event that Sir Richard O'Connor, the GOC, was transferred to another theatre. South East Asia Command

Events took a different course. Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten, the Supreme Allied Commander, South East Asia Command (SEAC), had need of a new chief of staff owing to the poor health of Lieutenant-General Henry Pownall.Brooke turned down Mountbatten's initial request for either Lieutenant-General Sir Archibald Nye or Lieutenant-General Sir John Swayne. Brooke then offered <mask> for the post, and Mountbatten accepted. Pownall considered that <mask> was "excellently qualified" for the post, although the latter had no staff college training and had never held a staff job before. Pownall noted that his "only reservation is that I believe [<mask>] is rather nervy and highly strung". For his services as a corps commander, <mask> was mentioned in despatches a second time, and was awarded the Legion of Merit in the degree of Commander by the United States government. <mask> served in South East Asia from December 1944 until July 1946; Mountbatten soon came to regard him as indispensable. <mask> had an American deputy, Major-General Horace H. Fuller, and brought staff with him from Europe to SEAC headquarters in Kandy, Ceylon.SEAC headquarters developed an adversarial relationship with that of Lieutenant-General Sir Oliver Leese's Allied Land Forces South East Asia (ALFSEA). Matters came to a head when Leese attempted to replace the victorious commander of the Fourteenth Army, Lieutenant-General Sir William Slim. In the resulting furore, Leese was relieved instead. Slim took over ALFSEA and was replaced as Fourteenth Army commander by <mask>'s friend, Lieutenant General Sir Miles Dempsey. For his services at SEAC, <mask> was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 1 January 1946. His last major military post was as Military Secretary of the War Office from 16 September 1946 to January 1948, although he did not formally retire from the Army until 5 April 1948. Later life
In January 1948, <mask> became Comptroller and Treasurer to Her Royal Highness the Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh.This appointment was made on the recommendation of Lord Mountbatten, whose nephew Philip Mountbatten was now the Duke of Edinburgh. As such, <mask> became the head of the Princess' personal staff. <mask> also juggled other duties. In 1948 he was involved with the 1948 Summer Olympics as Deputy Chairman of the British Olympic Association, and commandant of the British team. From 1944 to 1962 he was Commodore of the Royal Fowey Yacht Club; on stepping down in 1962, he was elected its first admiral. Upon the death of King George VI in 1952, the Duchess of Edinburgh came to the throne as Queen Elizabeth II, and <mask> and his staff became redundant, as the Queen was served by the large staff of the monarch. The domestic staff remained at Clarence House, where they continued to serve the Queen Mother; the remainder were reorganised as the Office of the Duke of Edinburgh, with <mask> as treasurer, the head of the office, and moved into a new and larger office at Buckingham Palace.Like the Duke they served, the office had no constitutional role, but supported his sporting, cultural and scientific interests. <mask> became involved with the Cutty Sark Trust, set up to preserve the famous ship, and the administration of the Duke of Edinburgh's Award. In June 1953, <mask> and du Maurier attended the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II. <mask> had been drinking since the war, but it had now become chronic. This led to a severe nervous breakdown in July 1957, forcing his resignation from his position at the Palace in 1959. Du Maurier had known he had a mistress in Fowey, but his breakdown brought to light two other girlfriends in London. For her part, du Maurier confessed to her own wartime affair.For his services to the Royal Household, <mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1953, and was advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1959. He retreated to Menabilly, the mansion that had inspired du Maurier's novel Rebecca, which she had leased and restored in 1943. He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Cornwall in March 1960. <mask> caused a scandal in 1963 when, under the influence of prescription drugs and alcohol, he was involved in an automobile accident in which two people were injured. He was fined £50 and forced to pay court and medical costs. He died from a heart attack at Menabilly on 14 March 1965. <mask> was portrayed by Dirk Bogarde in the film A Bridge Too Far, which was based on the events of Operation Market Garden.A copy of <mask>'s uniform was made to Bogarde's measurements from the original in the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces Museum. The Airborne Forces Museum, which opened in 1969, was for many years located in Browning Barracks, which had been built in 1964 and named after <mask>. Browning Barracks remained the depot of the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Forces until 1993. The museum moved to the Imperial War Museum Duxford in 2008, and Browning Barracks was sold for housing development. Notes

References

External links

British Army Officers 1939−1945

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1896 births
1965 deaths
Airborne warfare
Bobsledders at the 1928 Winter Olympics
British Army generals of World War II
British Army personnel of World War I
British male bobsledders
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Deputy Lieutenants of Cornwall
Du Maurier family
Foreign recipients of the Legion of Merit
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Grenadier Guards officers
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Olympic bobsledders of Great Britain
People educated at Eton College
People educated at West Downs School
People from Kensington
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Academics of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
British Army generals
Military personnel from

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