texts:
<mask> is an Iranian-born Swedish aircraft pilot, the second woman to earn a pilot's license to fly aircraft in Iran, after Princess Fatemeh Pahlavi. She is a writer, artist and politician based in Stockholm, Sweden. However, the first female pilots in Iran were flying in the 1940s. Aviation
She was born in Tehran in 1946. In 1974, while married and with five children, <mask> began taking lessons in gliders at the Royal Aviation Club (Nowadays: Civil Aviation Technology College ) in Doshan-Tapeh. Located next to the Air Force Base, Doshan-Tapeh was filled with students who were interested in learning to fly. After receiving her glider license, she went to the Ghaleh-Morghi School of Flight in October of the same year in order to take lessons in single and twin-engine aircraft.She started her training with the Cessna 172 and after only 14 hours of flight, she successfully completed her first solo flight. Her next phases of training consisted of night and long-distance flights to a number of cities such as Tabriz, Kermanshah, Ahwaz, Isfahan and Rasht. In her four years of flying, she flew 150 hours with an instructor and 50 hours solo in both day and night time. In addition to following the practical phase of training, she attended a ground school where she took subjects like aerodynamics, engines, precision instruments, meteorology, navigation, and English. Upon obtaining her license, she received two job offers: one as a flight instructor at the Royal Aviation Club, and the other as a co-pilot for twin-engine planes with the Air-Asseman Airline. However, she was unable to pursue a career or further her training in this field due to the revolution in Iran. Later on in 1989 and while living in Sweden, she took flying lessons along with theory lessons at Bromma Flight-School, (Bromma Flygskola), in Stockholm and received her Swedish pilot's license.Writing
<mask> <mask> <mask> left Iran in 1985 during the Iran–Iraq War, as a refugee with her children and relocated to Sweden. In 1998, a new chapter in her life began as she started putting together a collection of her romantic poems and short stories, which she had started writing in 1975 for publishing purposes. Her first book called Pejvak-e eshq (English: Love's Echo) was published in April 1999 in Sweden. Pejvak-e eshq is a book about separation, homeland, expatriation, women's political rights, and also about love. Her second book, Sargozashteh Pari (Pari's memoir) is based on women's subjugation in patriarchies and was published in Sweden in 2000. Another one of her books that deals with issues surrounding women's oppression are a novel called Anahita which was published in Sweden in 2007. The book, which is inspired by true events in the tragic life of a young woman in an abusive relationship, was translated from Swedish to English in 2008 and, eventually, published as an eBook in 2016.In 2013, one of her books was chosen by Legimus (government entity for accessible media—MTM—under the ministry of culture) in Sweden and published as an audio-book. To date, she has published 15 books in three languages: Persian, Swedish, and English. Her most recent book called En lyckad landning på säker mark: Den farliga flykten från Khomeinis klor till frihetens land Sverige (A successful landing on safe ground: The dangerous escape from Khomeini's claws to the land of freedom Sweden) is her autobiography which was published in Sweden in early summer of 2012 and translated from Swedish to English in 2013. In her autobiography, she provides an account of her personal life both in Iran and Sweden, and she takes a glance at Iran's history from past to present. She has participated in many Swedish literary events and poetical contests. She received the second prize in Swedish poetry in February 2000 at Kista Library in Stockholm as well in December 2000 in Fisksätra, Stockholm. She is a member of the Association of Swedish Authors.Publications

 2012 - A Successful Landing on Safe Land: Dangerous Escape From Khomeini's Chlorine to the Land of Liberty Sweden (Swedish: En lyckad landning på säker mark: Den farliga flykten från Khomeinis klor till frihetens land Sverige), Publisher: Arya, Location: Stockholm, Sweden,
 2007 - Anahita: Based on a True History, Publisher: Recito, Location: Borås, Sweden,
 2004 - Brinnande Hjärta: Dikter i Urval (English: Burning heart: Selected Poems), Publisher: Invandrarförlaget, Location: Borås, Sweden,
 1999 - Pejvak-e eshq or Pizhvāk-i ishq (English: Love's Echo, or Love of Love), Publisher: Akram Āryā, Location: Kista, Sweden,

Artwork
Akram Monfared <mask> began her painting career in 2007 when she attended a painting course at Birkagården College in Stockholm. Later attended art courses at People's University of Amsterdam (Folkuniversitetet), Midsommargården, Folkuniversitetet. Her primary theme with her paintings is based on the situation of women in the world. Exhibitions
In July 2007, she was invited to Jokkmokk and Kvikkjokk, along with seven other artists for the celebration of Linnaeus' 300-year anniversary. The paintings which were made as tributes to Linnaeus were donated to Jokkmokk Municipality. Her first joint exhibition was held in Kvikkjokk in July 2007 with seven other artists. In January 2008, she held a second joint exhibition at Husby Arts Hall in Husby, Stockholm.In July 2008, she had her first solo exhibition at Gallery Kocks in Stockholm exhibiting a total of 52 paintings in oil, acrylic, watercolour, and charcoal on canvas and paper. In November 2008, she had a second exhibition at Lyxigt & Mysigt gallery in Hammarby Sjöstad. In 2009, she held 3 exhibitions in March, August, and October at Gallery RICA in Östermalm, Gallery Darling in Södermalm, and Gallery Törnfågeln in Västertorp respectively. In spring 2010, she held two more exhibitions one at Luma Library in Hammarby Sjöstad and one, which was held in collaboration with the Breast Cancer Association (BRO), at Gallery Ängel in Gamla Stan. In January 2012 and following an interview with Sjöstadsbladet newspaper in fall of 2011, <mask> <mask> <mask> held another gallery at Sjöstadsbladets Redaktion locale. As one of the ambassadors for the National association against honor related violence (GAPF) and in collaboration with GAPF, <mask> <mask> <mask> held an art gallery at Gallery Ängel in October 2015. See also

 Women in Iran
 List of Iranian women
Effat Tejaratchi, the first Iranian woman aviator to fly a plane.References

External links
 Radio: Interview with <mask> Monfared <mask> on Radio Farda

1946 births
Living people
Iranian women writers
Iranian writers
Iranian poets
Iranian women painters
People from Tehran
Iranian women poets
20th-century Iranian women artists
21st-century Iranian women artists

masks:
Akram Monfared Arya
Akram Monfared Arya
Akram
Monfared
Arya
Arya
Akram
Monfared
Arya
Akram
Monfared
Arya
Akram
Arya


type: original

texts:
<mask> (24 July 1884 – 7 May 1945) was a Nazi Party official and politician who was the Party's  Gauleiter of Hesse-Nassau South from 1927 to 1933 and Gau Hesse-Nassau from 1933 to 1945. He was also the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) and Minister-President of the People's State of Hesse, the Oberpräsident of the Prussian Province of Nassau and an SA-Obergruppenführer. Early life
Sprenger, the son of a farmer, was born in Oberhausen in the Rhenish Palatinate. He attended volksschule there and after graduating from the gymnasium in Bad Bergzabern in 1901, he served as a one-year volunteer with the 18th Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment “Prince Ludwig Ferdinand,” headquartered in Landau. From 1902 he was employed in the administrative service of the Imperial Postal Service, first in Mannheim, then in Hamburg and from October 1912 in Frankfurt. Sprenger volunteered for service in the First World War in August 1914. He was assigned to his old regiment as an Offizierstellvertreter (Officer Deputy) training volunteers and reservists.He was then deployed to the western front and was wounded in action in November 1914, losing a toe on his right foot. He was decorated for valor and awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class. After discharge from the hospital in January 1915, he was assigned as a  zugführer (platoon leader) with a machine gun company. Promoted to Leutnant in April 1916, he was deployed to the eastern front in June 1916 with the 1st Royal Bavarian Landsturm Regiment. He subsequently served as a deputy company commander and a poison gas defense officer (gasschutzoffizier) in Pinsk and Rivne in the Ukraine. After the war ended, he returned to Germany in December 1918. Discharged from the service in July 1919, he resumed his career as a postal official in Frankfurt in December.Nazi career
In 1922, Sprenger became a member of the Nazi Party. When the Party was banned in the wake of the failed Beer Hall Putsch, he briefly joined the German Party (Deutsche Partei, DP) a Nazi front organization in January 1924. He became the leader of the DP in Frankfurt, Hesse, and Hesse-Nassau, and worked as a campaign speaker. In June of that year, he gravitated to the National Socialist Freedom Party, another Nazi front group, and was put on its executive board. After co-founding its Ortsgruppe (Local Group) in Frankfurt, Sprenger became the Bezirksleiter (District Leader) for Frankfurt, Hesse, and Hesse-Nassau. On 28 April 1925 he was elected to the Frankfurt City Council and served there until 1933. Sprenger formally rejoined the Nazi Party on 14 August 1925 (membership number 17,009).He was anti-Semitic, and rose quickly through the ranks. He immediately was made Ortsgruppenleiter (Local Group Leader) and SA leader of Frankfurt and became a Bezirksleiter in Hesse-Nassau South on 31 October 1926. He was appointed Gauleiter of Hesse-Nassau South on 1 April 1927, succeeding Karl Linder. On 17 November 1929, he became a member of the municipal Landtag of Wiesbaden and the provincial Landtag of Hesse-Nassau. In January 1930 he became the Nazi faction leader in both bodies and, in addition, was made a member of the Prussian State Council. In September 1930 Sprenger was elected a member of the Reichstag for electoral constituency 19, Hesse-Nassau. He would become the Nazi faction’s specialist on civil service issues and was given a seat on the Reichstag Committee on Civil Service Matters.The same year, he founded a Nazi newspaper in Frankfurt called Frankfurter Volksblatt. From 1930 to 1933 he also sat on the Board of Directors of the German Postal Service, though leaving his employment with the postal service in November 1932. In early 1931, Sprenger joined the National Socialist Motor Corps with membership number 5. In April 1931, Sprenger became the Reich Specialist for Civil Service Questions in the Party Reichsleitung (National Leadership). He would become head of its Civil Service Department from September 1931 through July 1933. Sprenger became the leader of the German Civil Servants Association from April to June 1933, and then continued as the Honorary President of the German Civil Service through the end of the Nazi regime. He was also made a member of the Academy for German Law.On 15 July 1932 came his appointment as Landesinspekteur-Southwest. In this position, he had oversight responsibility for his Gau and four others ( Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, Hesse-Nassau North &  Württemberg-Hohenzollern). This was a short-lived initiative by Gregor Strasser to centralize control over the Gaue. However, it was unpopular with the Gauleiters and was repealed on Strasser's fall from power in December 1932. Sprenger then returned to his Gauleiter position in Hesse-Nassau South. When his Gau was merged with the neighboring Gau of Hesse-Darmstadt (comprising the federal People's State of Hesse) on 1 January 1933, Sprenger became the Gauleiter of the unified Gau Hesse-Nassau. On 10 April 1933, he became the leader of the Nazi faction in the Prussian State Council.On 5 May 1933, he was appointed Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of the People's State of Hesse. In the process of the Gleichschaltung, in particular due to the Reichsstatthaltergesetz (Reich Governors Law) of 30 January 1935, he was also appointed Minister-President and took over leadership of the state government from Philipp Wilhelm Jung on 1 March 1935. Sprenger was promoted to SA-Obergruppenführer on  9 November 1938. He was a holder of the Golden Party Badge. Involvement in euthanasia and the holocaust
In the Hessian town of Hadamar, the psychiatric clinic there was converted into the Hadamar Euthanasia Center where over 14,000 mentally and physically disabled men, women and children were killed with either poisonous gas or lethal injection as part of the Aktion T4 program between January 1941 and March 1945. This certainly was done with the knowledge of Sprenger, the chief Party and government official in the region. It is estimated that some 7,000 Jews emigrated from Frankfurt in the time between Kristallnacht in November 1938 and the formal ban on Jewish emigration of 23 October 1941.From that time forward, Jews were rounded up and deported by train from Frankfurt to ghettos and extermination camps in the east. It is estimated that over 10,600 Jews were deported and that only about 600 Frankfurt Jews survived the war. In May 1943, Sprenger declared Frankfurt to be "Judenfrei". War years
When the Second World War broke out on 1 September 1939, Sprenger was named Reich Defense Commissioner for Wehrkreis (Military District) XII, based in Wiesbaden. This encompassed the western half of his Gau along with Gau Koblenz-Trier, Gau Saarpfalz and part of Gau Baden. In this new position, Sprenger had responsibility for civil defense including air defense and evacuation measures, as well as administration of wartime rationing and suppression of black market activity. On 16 November 1942, the jurisdiction of the Reich Defense Commissioners was changed from the Wehrkreis to the Gau level, and he remained Commissioner for only his Gau of Hesse-Nassau.In 1943, the Oberpräsident (High President) of the Prussian Province of Hesse-Nassau, Philipp von Hessen, fell out of favor and was removed from office. Subsequently, the province was partitioned in two, effective 1 July 1944, and Sprenger was appointed Oberpräsident of the new Prussian Province of Nassau. He thus united under his control the highest party and governmental offices in the province, as he had already done in the State of Hesse. On 25 September 1944, Sprenger became commander of the Volkssturm forces in his Gau. On 15 March 1945, with U.S. Army forces already across the Rhine river, Sprenger issued orders to his Kreisleiters on the need to keep the German population “in check” by having the Gestapo arrest “rumor mongers” and send them to concentration camps. He also ordered the destruction of  secret documents relating to concentration camps and the “extermination of some families.” The memo also stated:

Germans who do not defend themselves on the approach of the enemy or who wish to flee, are to be shot down ruthlessly, or, where suitable, hanged to frighten the population. As American armed forces approached Frankfurt, Sprenger issued further orders on 23 March 1945 prohibiting any able-bodied man or woman from leaving the city.Despite this, on the night of 25 to 26 March just before the start of the Battle of Frankfurt, Sprenger himself fled from Frankfurt to Kössen in eastern Tyrol, Austria where the Russians and U.S. Army were executing a pincer maneuver to envelop the whole country. Trapped, Sprenger and his wife committed suicide by ingesting poison on 7 May 1945. See also
List of Gauleiters

References

Sources

 Orlow, Dietrich: The History of the Nazi Party: 1919-1933 (University of Pittsburgh Press), 1969, . External links

 <mask> in the Hessian State History Information System
 <mask> in the Frankfurt People’s Lexicon

1884 births
1945 suicides
Gauleiters
German newspaper editors
Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
Joint suicides by Nazis
Members of the Academy for German Law
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Ministers-President of Hesse
Nazi Party officials
Nazi Party politicians
Nazis who committed suicide in Austria
People from the Palatinate (region)
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
Sturmabteilung officers
Suicides by poison
Volkssturm personnel

masks:
Jakob Spger
Jakob Sprenger
Jakob Spger


texts:
<mask> (17 August 1501 in Hanau – 28 March 1529 in Hanau) was Count of Hanau-Münzenberg from 1512 until his death. He was the son of Count Reinhard IV and his wife, Katharina of Schwarzburg-Blankenburg. Regency
<mask> of Hanau-Münzenberg was only 11 years old when he inherited the county. A guardian and regent were needed for him and his seven years younger brother Balthasar. A regency council was installed by the Reichskammergericht at the recommendation of their mother, after she had consultad the lower nobility in the county. The council consisted initially of <mask>'s mother and his great-uncle Count Johann V of Nassau-Dillenburg. <mask>'s mother died in 1514 and Johann V was the sole regent until he died himself in 1516.After Johann's death, the Reichskammergericht appointed, at <mask>'s recommendation, Johann's son, Count William I of Nassau-Dillenburg as regent. Wilhelm held the regency for five years, until <mask> was declared an adult in 1521, at the age of 20. Reign
During the regency, Hanau-Münzenberg joined the Wetterau Association of Imperial Counts. The start of the Reformation fell during <mask>'s reign. However, it hardly effected the county. The German Peasants' War also happened in this period, but it only sporadically came to riots in Hanau-Münzenberg. The Benedictine convent at Schlüchtern had to put itself under <mask>'s protection, according to different sources either in Hanau or in Steinau an der Straße, when rebellious peasants were approaching from Fulda.There were incidents in other towns in the country, for example in Orb, Partenstein, Preungesheim, Bornheimerberg and Niederrodenbach. The St. Wolfgang monastery in the Bulau forest near Hanau was devastated. In 1528, construction began of a new city wall surrounding Hanau. The city had grown outside its Medieval city wall and a new settlement had sprung into existence arounds today's Hospital street. The new wall would surround these newer parts of the city. It was the first implementation of a new defensive system designed by Albrecht Dürer. Construction took nearly 20 years.Simultaneously, the City Castle in Hanau was extended and strengthened. This project would take until 1560 to complete. The potential existed for a dispute between <mask> and his seven years younger brother Balthasar about whether to obey the primogeniture statue and to give Balthasar only an apanage or to divide the county. When Balthasar's twentieth birthday approached, the regency council decided to opt for primogeniture. A treaty to this affect was drafted. However, <mask> died before the treaty was sealed. This created a legal problem when Balthasar wanted to take up the regency for <mask>'s sons, since his renunciation of his right to inherit and to reign was included in this draft treaty.Death
<mask> II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg died on Easter Sunday of 1529, only 28 years old, leaving three surviving children and a pregnant widow. His funeral took place just one day later in the St. Mary's Church in Hanau, without any pump or circumstance, to spare his widow in her condition. The day after the funeral, she gave birth to his posthumous daughter Juliana. During the almost 200 years that Hanau-Münzenberg existed, almost all counts died before their 30th birthday, leaving a minor to inherit the county. This is unlikely to be a coincidence, as it happened in nine successive generations. It suggests that the counts suffered from an inheritable disease, although it is unknown which disease that would be. The first of the nine counts to die early was Reinhard III.Legacy
The new Hanau city gate was decorated with a portrait, carved in stone, of <mask> and Balthasar. The portrait was later put on display in the museum the Historical Society of Hanau. It was destroyed in a bomb attack on 19 May 1945, during World War II. Marriage and issue

On 27 January 1523, <mask> married Countess Juliana of Stolberg (15 February 1506 – 18 June 1580). They had five children:
 Reinhard (10 April 1524 – 12 April 1525)
 Katharina (1525–1581), married to Count Johann IV of Wied-Runkel
 <mask> (1526–1561)
 Reinhard (1528–1554)
 Juliana (1529–1595), married with Thomas, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Kirburg, and after his death with Count Herman of Manderscheid-Blankenheim

After <mask>'s death, Juliana married William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg and had twelve more children. Ancestors

References
 Reinhard Dietrich: Die Landes-Verfaßung in dem Hanauischen. Die Stellung der Herren und Grafen in Hanau-Münzenberg aufgrund der archivalischen Quellen, vol.34 in the series Hanauer Geschichtsblätter, Hanauer Geschichtsverein, Hanau, 1996,
 Rolf Glawischnig: Niederlande, Kalvinismus und Reichsgrafenstand 1559–1584. Nassau-Dillenburg unter Graf Johann VI., vol. 36 in Schriften des Hessischen Landesamtes für Geschichtliche Landeskunde Elwert, Marburg, 1973,
 Eduard Jacobs: Juliana von Stolberg, Ahnfrau des Hauses Nassau-Oranien. Nach ihrem Leben und ihrer geschichtlichen Bedeutung quellenmäßig dargestellt, Hendel, Wernigerode, 1889
 Eckhard Meise: Bernhard Hundeshagen – kein Denkmalschutz im Hanau des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts, in: Neues Magazin für hanauische Geschichte, 2006, ZDB-ID 535233-2, p. 3–61. Reinhard Suchier: Genealogie des Hanauer Grafenhauses, in: Reinhard Suchier (ed. ): Festschrift des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins zu seiner fünfzigjährigen Jubelfeier am 27.August 1894, Heydt, Hanau 1894, p. 7–23. Karl Wolf: Die vormundschaftliche Regierung des Grafen Johann des älteren von Nassau-Dillenburg in der Grafschaft Hanau-Münzenberg, in: Neues Magazin für Hanauische Geschichte vol. 15, 1936, , p. 81–94 and vol. 16, 1937, p. 1–14. Ernst J. Zimmermann: Hanau Stadt und Land. Kulturgeschichte und Chronik einer fränkisch-wetterauischen Stadt und ehemaligen Grafschaft. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der älteren Zeit, 3rd extended edition, self-published, Hanau 1919, unaltered reprint: Peters, Hanau 1978,

Footnotes

Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg
1501 births
1529 deaths
16th-century German people

masks:
Philipp II
Philipp II
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp II
Philipp II
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp II
Philipp III
Philipp


texts:
<mask>. (August 27, 1945 – February 10, 2017) was an American science fiction and horror writer sometimes associated with the Dangerous Visions series of anthologies that bolstered The New Wave. At the time of his death, he resided in North Denver. Life and work

<mask> was born in White Plains, New York. However, he was raised on a cattle ranch in Wyoming. He had strong roots in that state attested to in his collection Wyoming Sun. He attended school in Wheatland, Wyoming, and received his MA in English from the University of Wyoming in 1968. During the 1950s his uncle, a rodeo star, encouraged his love of film.This perhaps ultimately led to his occasional work in screenplays and as an actor. He was in the films The Laughing Dead (1988) and Ill Met by Moonlight (1994). He also wrote screenplays for TV shows on channels from CBS, Lifetime and Disney. At the beginning of his career he developed an association with Harlan Ellison, which proved longstanding. This led to collaborative efforts such as the novel Phoenix Without Ashes, based on Ellison's pilot script for The Starlost. His writing career began in 1968 with his attendance at the Clarion Workshop. By 1973, he had gained acclaim for stories with a conversational style that mask rather dark realities.His short horror story "Dark Angel", which appeared in Kirby McCauley's anthology Dark Forces, featured modern-day witch Angela Black. She reappears as the narrator of <mask>'s short novel Fetish. He won two Nebula Awards for his short stories, "Stone" (1978) and "giANTS" (1979). He was mostly known as a writer of short fiction; however, he also wrote poetry, nonfiction, reviews, criticism, and edited an e-zine. When <mask> moved to Denver in 1972, he founded the Northern Colorado Writers Workshop, which continues today, and has produced a number of notable writers, including Steve Rasnic Tem, Melanie Tem, John Dunning, Wil McCarthy, Bruce Holland Rogers, Dan Simmons, and Connie Willis. <mask> was a senior editor of Wormhole Books. In addition, he facilitated a number of other writing workshops over the years for writers ranging in skill and experience from amateur to professional.<mask> served as Toastmaster for Denvention II, the 1981 Worldcon, as well as World Fantasy Convention, ArmadilloCon, TusCon, and Death Equinox. He also chaired (and otherwise was a special guest at) multiple years of the World Horror Convention. Although "Flirting With Death" is sometimes listed, as it is here on wiki, as one of <mask>'s collections of short fictions, in actuality, such a collection was never published. Hence, the surfeit of uncollected short stories by <mask>. Illness and death

In 2010, various writers & editors including Melanie Tem and Ellen Datlow set up a Crowd-funding page to help <mask> deal with financial emergencies brought on by his ongoing fight against the effects of Type 1 diabetes. <mask> died at his home in Colorado on February 10, 2017, after a long illness. He was 71.Works

Novels

 Phoenix Without Ashes (1975, with Harlan Ellison). An adaptation of Harlan Ellison's pilot script for The Starlost

Mosaic novels

Wild Cards series
 Bantam Books #1. Wild Cards (1987). Story "Down Deep" (with Leanne C. Harper)
 Bantam Books #3. Jokers Wild (1987). Segments with the character "Sewer Jack"
 Bantam Books #4. Aces Abroad (1988).Story "Down in the Dreamtime"
 Bantam Books #5. Down and Dirty (1988). Story "The Second Coming of Buddy Holly"
 Bantam Books #11. Dealer's Choice (1992). Segments with the character "Wyungare"

Short story collections

 Among the Dead and Other Events Leading Up to the Apocalypse (1973). Contains 17 short stories:
 "The Hanged Man" (1972)
 "Shark"
 "No. 2 Plain Tank Auxiliary Fill Structural Limit 17,605 lbs.Fuel-PWA Spec. 522 Revised" (1972)
 "Adrift on the Freeway" (1970)
 "Jody After the War" (1972)
 "Teleidoscope"
 "The Poet in the Hologram in the Middle of Prime Time" (1972)
 "The Human Side of the Village Monster" (1971)
 "Among the Dead" (1971)
 "File on the Plague" (1971)
 "The Soft Blue Bunny Rabbit Story" (1971)
 "Tactics"
 "Sending the Very Best" (1970)
 "Their Thousandth Season" (1972)
 "Love Song of Herself" (1971)
 "Pinup"
 "Dune's Edge" (1972)
 Cinnabar (1976). Contains 8 short stories:
 "The Road to Cinnabar" (1971)
 "Jade Blue" (1971)
 "Gray Matters", AKA "Their Thousandth Season" (1972)
 "The Legend of Cougar Lou Landis" (1973)
 "Hayes and the Heterogyne" (1974). Novelette
 "Years Later"
 "Sharking Down" (1975). Novelette
 "Brain Terminal" (1975). Novelette
 Wyoming Sun (1980). Contains 5 short stories:
 "Prairie Sun"
 "giANTS" (1979)
 "Teeth Marks" (1979)
 "Beyond the Sand River Range" (1972)
 "Strata".Novelette
 Particle Theory (1981). Contains 12 short stories:
 "Particle Theory" (1977)
 "The Thermals of August". Novelette
 "Hayes and the Heterogyne" (1974). Novelette
 "Teeth Marks" (1979)
 "Winslow Crater" (1978). Poem
 "Shark" (1973)
 "Precession" (1980)
 "Stone" (1978)
 "Strata" (1980). Novelette
 "The Hibakusha Gallery" (1977)
 "giANTS" (1979)
 "To See" (1980)
 Neon Twilight (1990). Contains 3 short stories:
 "Waiting in Crouched Halls" (1970)
 "Pilots of the Twilight" (1984).Novelette
 "Neon"
 Darker Passions (1992). Contains 3 short stories:
 "Doing Colfax" (1987)
 "The Loneliest Number" (1990)
 "Human Remains"
 Flirting With Death: Short Fiction By <mask> (1997)
 The Baku: Tales of the Nuclear Age (2001). Contains 3 short stories:
 "The Baku" (1987). Novelette
 "The Hibakusha Gallery" (1977)
 "Jody After the War" (1972)
 Trilobyte (2014). Contains 3 short stories:
 "An Easter Treasure" (1987)
 "Coon Dawgs" (1987)
 "Drummer's Star" (1987)
 Predators and Other Stories (2014). Contains 6 short stories:
 "Predators" (1987)
 "The Baku" (1987). Novelette
 "Frat Rat Bash" (1987)
 "Haunted" (1987)
 "Buggage" (1987)
 "Doing Colfax" (1987)

Short stories

Uncollected short stories."In the Silent World" (1970)
 "They Only Come in Dreams" (1970)
 "Eyes of Onyx" (1971)
 "Her Lover's Name Was Death" (1971)
 "The Lurker in the Locked Bedroom" (1971)
 "Audition: Soon to Be a Major Production" (1972)
 "Beside Still Waters" (1972, with James Sutherland)
 "Darling, When You Hurt Me" (1972)
 "Nova Morning" (1972, with Jody Harper)
 "The 10:00 Report is Brought to You By ..." (1972)
 "2.46593" (1973)
 "Nightmare Syndrome" (1973)
 "Paths" (1973)
 "And Then He Died" (1974)
 "Cowboys, Indians" (1974)
 "Going West" (1974)
 "Xenofreak/Xenophobe" (1975)
 "Kicks Are For Kids" (1978)
 "Dark Angel" (1980)
 "We'll Have Such a Good Time, Lover" (1980)
 "This Is the Way the World Ends, Soggily" (1981)
 "Freezing to Death" (1982)
 Angie Black series:
 In the Shade (1982)
 Armageddon Between Sets (1984)
 Fetish (1991). Novelette
 "Bean Bag Cats®" (1983)
 "Dancing Chickens" (1984)
 "Party Time" (1984)
 "The Man of the Future" (1984)
 "The Serrated Edge" (1984)
 "The Man Who Always Wanted to Travel" (1985)
 "The Overly Familiar" (1985)
 "Presents of Mind" (1986, with Connie Willis, Steve Rasnic Tem, Dan Simmons)
 "The Transfer" (1986)
 "Author's Notes" (1987)
 "A Functional Proof of Immortality" (1988)
 "Chrysalis" (1988)
 "Skin and Blood" (1988)
 "The Cutter" (1988)
 "While She Was Out" (1988)
 "A Sad Last Love at the Diner of the Damned" (1989). Novelette
 "Good Kids" (1989)
 "Mod Dogs" (1989)
 "'Saurus Wrecks" (1989)
 "Dying Is Easy, Comedy Is Hard" (1990, with Dan Simmons). Novelette
 "Slippage" (1990)
 "Colder Than Hell" (1991)
 "Country Mouse" (1991)
 "Down Home" (1991)
 "The Great Steam Bison of Cycad Center" (1991). Novelette
 "Aqua Sancta" (1993)
 "The Fire That Scours" (1994)
 "Big Dogs, Strange Days" (1995)
 "Calling the Lightning by Name" (1995)
 "Flirting with Death" (1995)
 "Raptured Up in Blue" (1995)
 "Disillusion" (1996)
 "Talkin' Trailer Trash" (1996)
 "Ashes on Her Lips" (1998)
 "Knock" (1998, AKA Ed Bryant)
 "Styx and Bones" (1999)
 "The Clock That Counts the Dead" (1999)
 "The Flicker Man" (1999, with Trey Barker). Novelette
 "The Shuttlecock" (1999). Novelette
 "Mr.Twisted" (2000, AKA <mask>)
 "Everything Broken" (2003)
 "Bad German" (2010)
 "Marginal Hants" (2015)
 "Bitten Off" (2017)
 "War Stories" (unpublished). Novelette

Chapbooks

 The Man of the Future (1990)
 Fetish (1991)
 The Cutter (1991)
 The Thermals of August (1992)
 Aqua Sancta (1993)
 While She Was Out (2001)

Anthologies

 2076: The American Tricentennial (1977, with Jo Ann Harper)
 The Shadow on the Doorstep / Trilobyte (1987, with James P. Blaylock)

See also

 List of horror fiction authors
 splatterpunk

References

External links

 <mask> at FantasticFiction.com
 <mask> at Locus Online

1945 births
2017 deaths
People from White Plains, New York
American horror writers
American science fiction writers
American short story writers
Nebula Award winners
Splatterpunk
University of Wyoming alumni
American male short story writers
American male novelists
Novelists from New York (state)
People from Wheatland, Wyoming

masks:
Edward Winslow Bryant Jr
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Edward Bryant
Ed Bryant
Edward Bryant
Bryant
Bryant
Edward Bryant
Ed Bryant
Edward Bryant
Edward Bryant


texts:
Devorah Simone Frost is an American retired professional wrestler, better known by her ring name, Epiphany. She performed for Ohio Valley Wrestling from 2008 to 2013, winning the OVW Women's Championship on three occasions. Professional wrestling career

Ohio Valley Wrestling

Early career (2008)
Frost made her first appearance in Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) as a production assistant in November 2008. During her first appearance, she was carried out after Pat Buck attacked her during a hardcore falls count anywhere match between Buck and Rob Conway. She was not seen again until Derby City Wrestling's Christmas Chaos event during a match between Theta Lambda Psi (TPL) and the team of Ben Eclipse (Benjamin Bray and Jesse Mercer) where she came out to counter the interference of TLP's Reggie. Women's Championship reigns (2009–2011)
On May 17, 2009, Frost (under the ring name Epiphany) made her debut to the company as part of an eight women tag team match refereed by Sojourner Bolt at OVW's Future Talent Showcase event. Epiphany, along with Bailey Parker, Adrienne and Belle Von Black lost to the team of C.J.Lane, Taryn Shay, Jessica Cheyanne and Odessa Firechild. On June 28 at OVW's Trial by Fire event, after winning her tag team match with Andrew Lacroix against Hog Wild and Taryn Shay, Epiphany attacked Adrienne, Bailey Parker, C.J. Lane and Jessica Cheyenne during a tag team match. She then challenged the other women to take her on during OVW television. During the weeks following, Epiphany took out each female during one on one matches or attacking them during matches for which she was not scheduled. On July 26 at OVW's Futureshock event, Epiphany once again attacked C.J. Lane, but Melody returned to save Lane.Epiphany then received a match for the OVW Women's Championship against Melody on the August 12 episode of OVW, defeating her and winning the championship for the first time. On September 22, at OVW's Capitol Punishment event, Epiphany successfully defended her championship against C.J. Lane. On September 27 at OVW's Fall Brawl, Epiphany teamed up with Taryn Shay in a losing effort to Lane and Bailey Parker, with Lane earning a championship match. On the September 30 episode of OVW, Epiphany defeated Lane to retain her championship. However, she lost the championship to The Blossom Twins on the October 12 episode of OVW, after the two twins switched, ending her reign at 56 days. After time off Epiphany, made her return to the women's division as a spectator for match 1 of what would be a best of 3 series between Taryn Shay and C.J.Lane for contendership for the OVW Women's Championship. Later it was reported by Josie that Epiphany attacked Shay in order to take her spot in a contendership match, which she would go on to lose via disqualification against Lane. On the February 3, 2010 episode of OVW, Epiphany served as the special guest referee for the match between Josie and Shay. Epiphany disqualified Josie and gave Shay the championship, which caused a brawl between the two in the end of the match. Later, Josie offered Epiphany a title shot, which ended in a no contest when the remaining girls on the roster would interfere, surprisingly pick sides; Taryn Shay and C.J. Lane on behalf of Epiphany and The Blossoms on behalf of Josie. Epiphany teamed up with Shay on the February 17 episode of OVW, defeating Lane and Josie.However, Epiphany, Lane and Shay lost to The Blossom Twins and Josie on February 28 at OVW's Retribution event in a six-women tag team match. On the March 3 episode of OVW, Epiphany and Shay lost to The Blossoms in a tag team match. The following week, on the March 10 episode of OVW, Epiphany lost to Hannah Blossom in a singles match. However, on the March 31 episode of OVW, Epiphany defeated Hannah Blossom. In the summer of 2010, Epiphany teamed up with various partners against opponents like Lane, Shay and The Blossoms. On December 10 at OVW's Saturday Night Special event, Epiphany teamed with her real-life cousin Rudy Switchblade to defeat C.J. Lane and Paredyse.Going onto 2011, Epiphany took part of several tag team and singles matches against opponents like Lane, Jessie Belle Smothers, Taeler Hendrix and Solo Darling. Various feuds (2012–2013)
On the January 4, 2012 episode of OVW, Epiphany defeated C.J. Lane. Epiphany also pinned Taeler Hendrix on the February 15 episode of OVW during a dark match. Epiphany then won a three-way match against both Lane and Hendrix. On the April 18 episode of OVW, Epiphany teamed with Randy Royal against Taeler Hendrix and Dylan Bostic in a winning effort, earning a championship match against Hendrix. The following week at the April 25 episode of OVW, Hendrix defeated Epiphany to retain the Women's Championship.On May 12 at OVW's Saturday Night Special event, Epiphany and Royal defeated Blair Alexxis and Paredyse and Taeler Hendrix and Dylan Bostic in a three-way tag team match. On the May 16 edition of episode 665, Hendrix defeated Heidi Douglas in a dark match. On June 2, at OVW's Saturday Night Special, Epiphany defeated Hendrix to win the OVW Women's Championship for the second time. On the June 27 episode of OVW, Ken Wayne (member of the Board of Directors) vacated all of the championships in the promotion, leaving Epiphany's reign at 25 days. This led to a match between <mask> and Hendrix for the vacant championship on July 7 at OVW's Saturday Night Special in an evening gown match which Hendrix won after Dylan Bostic distracted Epiphany. On the August 1 episode of OVW, Epiphany defeated Scarlett Bordeaux, and Heidi Lovelace, Jessie Belle Smothers and Taeler Hendrix in a fatal-four-way match on the August 8 episode of OVW in a dark matches. On the October 31 episode of OVW, Epiphany started a feud with Jessie Belle after defeating her in a singles match.On the November 7 episode of OVW, Jessie Belle and Heidi Lovelace defeated <mask> and Taeler Hendrix in a tag team match. On the November 14 episode of OVW, Epiphany faced Jessie Belle which ended up as a draw. After a long losing streak, Epiphany finally got a victory over Taeler Hendrix on the January 26, 2013 episode of OVW to become the number one contender for the Women's Championship. Since February, Eddie Diamond showed his feelings of love to Epiphany, which started as a storyline between the two. At OVW's Saturday Night Special on February 2, Epiphany was unsuccessful in winning the championship from Jessie Belle, after a distraction from Eddie Diamond. However, Epiphany got a rematch for the championship at OVW's Saturday Night Special on March 2, in which Epiphany would defeat Jessie Belle to win the OVW Women's Championship for the third time. On the April 6 episode of OVW, Epiphany defeated Taeler Hendrix in the main event of the show to retain her championship.On the April 20 episode of OVW, <mask> lost the Women's Championship to Trina after Eddie Diamond's interference backfired. On the July 3 edition of OVW episode 724, when Lei'D Tapa was facing off against Holly Blossom. Epiphany came to ringside and pulled down the hood on one of the cameramen to reveal that this is Eddie Diamond, with Epiphany believing that Tapa is his secret girlfriend. This would set up a singles match at the Saturday Night Special on July 3, with Tapa winning the match thanks to Eddie Diamond. After the match, Epiphany powerbombed Eddie and broke up with him. The following day she announced on her Facebook page that she retired from pro wrestling. Championships and accomplishments
New Focus Wrestling
NFW Women's Championship (1 time)
Ohio Valley Wrestling
OVW Women's Championship (3 times)
Miss OVW (2009)

References

External links

1981 births
African-American female professional wrestlers
American female professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Ohio
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

masks: Epiphany Epiphany Epiphany


texts:
<mask> (born 14 February 1951) is an Irish lawyer, author and former Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Justice and Equality and Minister for Defence from 2011 to 2014. He was a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Dublin South constituency from 1981 to 2002 and from 2007 to 2016. He ended his membership of Fine Gael in early 2018. His most recent books are Life is a Funny Business (2017) and Frenzy and Betrayal: The Anatomy of a Political Assassination (2019). Personal life
Born in Dublin to a Jewish family, Shatter is the son of Elaine and <mask>, a British couple who met by chance when they were both on holidays in Ireland in 1947. He was educated at The High School, Dublin, Trinity College Dublin and the Europa Institute of the University of Amsterdam. In his late teens he worked for two months in Israel on a kibbutz.<mask> has lived most of his life in Dublin; he grew up in Rathgar and Rathfarnham and lives now in Ballinteer with his wife, Carol Ann (Danker) <mask>. He has two adult children. With interests in fifteen properties, Shatter had the largest property portfolio of any member of Ireland's cabinet while a cabinet minister (2011-2014). Legal and writing career
<mask> was a partner in the Dublin law firm Gallagher Shatter (1977-2011). As a solicitor he acted as advocate in many seminal and leading cases determined both by the High Court and Supreme Court. He is the author of one of the major academic works on Irish family law (1977, 1981, 1986 and 1997) which advocated substantial constitutional and family law reform. As a politician he played a lead role in effecting much of the constitutional and legislative change he advocated.He is a former chairperson of FLAC (the Free Legal Advice Centres), a former chairperson of CARE, an organisation that campaigned for child care and children's legislation reform in the 1970s and a former President of the Irish Council Against Blood Sports. Among his professional affiliations, he is a Fellow of the International Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers. He is also the author of the satirical book Family Planning Irish Style (1979), and the novel Laura (1989). In 2017, his Life is a Funny Business was published by Poolbeg Press and in 2019 Frenzy and Betrayal: The Anatomy of a Political Assassination was published by Merrion Press. The former is a biography of the years prior to his election as a member of the Irish parliament and their relationship to later events. The latter is the story of controversies that occurred in the period immediately preceding his resignation from government in May 2014, and the reports into these events. Political career
<mask> was first elected to the Dáil at the 1981 general election, and was re-elected at each subsequent election until he lost his seat at the 2002 general election.He was re-elected at the 2007 general election. <mask> was a member of Dublin County Council from 1979 to 1999 for the Rathfarnham local electoral area. While in opposition, he published more private member's bills than any other TD had done previously. His Judicial Separation and Family Law Reform Act 1989, radically reforming Irish family law, was the first piece of legislation enacted by an opposition TD for 35 years. His Adoption Act 1991 provided for the recognition for the first time of foreign adoptions in Ireland. As Fine Gael’s Spokesperson on the Environment, he published in 1989 Ireland’s first ever legislation to establish an Environment Protection Agency. His bill embraced the precautionary principle prioritizing environmental protection principles in government decision making.Whilst it was opposed by the then Fianna Fáil government it laid the foundation for subsequent government legislation. Prior to becoming a member of the Oireachtas, <mask> satirised some of the bizarre measures contained in a government sponsored 1979 Family Planning Bill in a short best seller book, "Family Planning – Irish Style" which contained cartoons by Chaim Factor, a well known artist and sculptor. Amongst his targets was a provision which required a medical prescription to purchase condoms with the prescription designating the monthly number of condoms that could be lawfully purchased. During the 1980s, <mask> successfully lobbied for the establishment of an Oireachtas Committee on Foreign Affairs. He was a member of the Committee from its foundation in 1992, apart from a brief period in 1993 to 1994, and its chairman from December 1996 to June 1997. He was also for many years a member of the Oireachtas Committee on Justice, Law Reform and Defence. He is a former member also of the Health and Children Committee and the Special Committee that considered the wording for a Children's Rights referendum.Wording he drafted substantially influenced the content of an amendment on Children’s Rights incorporated into the Irish Constitution after a successful referendum in 2012. <mask> was the founder of the Ireland/Israel Parliamentary Friendship Group and acted as its chairperson for many years. In 1985, <mask> visited the Soviet Union together with his Fine Gael colleague, Senator Seán O'Leary, and met with various Jewish refusenik families who had been prevented from emigrating to Israel and were in substantial difficulties with some family members imprisoned and others fired from academic and scientific jobs and forced to engage in menial employment. Upon returning to Dublin, <mask> and O’Leary published a report and held a press conference on their plight. The previous year on international human rights day <mask> proposed a Dail motion on the plight of Soviet Jewry which was passed and adopted by Dáil Éireann. Subsequently similar motions were adopted in other European Parliaments. In 1983, <mask> was involved in controversy when he defied his party's whip to vote against the inclusion in the Irish constitution of an anti abortion provision.In 1998, he was the author of a major report published by the Health Committee which criticised tobacco companies and recommended various controls on smoking and tobacco advertising. In the years that followed most of the recommendations made were implemented by government. During a period in 1993 to 1994, he was removed from the Foreign Affairs committee by party leader John Bruton as a disciplinary measure for breaking the party whip by his voting in favour of a Bill to ban live hare coursing. He was Fine Gael Front Bench Spokesperson on Law Reform (1982, 1987–88); the Environment (1989–91); Labour (1991); Justice (1992–93); Equality and Law Reform (1993–94); Health and Children (1997–2000); Justice, Law Reform and Defence (2000–02); Children (2007–10); and Justice and Law Reform (2010–11). During the 2009 Gaza War, Sinn Féin TD Aengus Ó Snodaigh claimed that <mask> and the Israeli Ambassador to Ireland had exposed the Oireachtas committee on Foreign Affairs to "propaganda, twisted logic and half truths". Ó Snodaigh also said that Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi propaganda minister, would have been proud of it. The Sinn Fein TD's attack on Shatter generated controversy, resulting in him being accused of anti-semitism.In February 2009, during a sitting of the Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs concerning the Gaza conflict, <mask> clashed verbally with Israeli historian Ilan Pappé, Professor of History at the University of Exeter, accusing Pappé of biased scholarship and historical inaccuracies. <mask> opposed the Control of Economic Activity (Occupied Territories) Bill 2018 to ban the sale of products from Israeli settlements in Ireland, saying that the Bill’s proponents ignored Israel's security needs, the complexities of the Israeli/ Palestinian conflict and that the Bill sought to discriminate against Israel. On 9 March 2011, <mask> was appointed by the Taoiseach Enda Kenny as both Minister for Justice and Equality and Minister for Defence. Minister for Justice (2011–2014)

Under <mask>'s steerage, a substantial reform agenda was implemented with nearly 30 separate pieces of legislation published, many of which are now enacted including the Personal Involvency Act 2012, Criminal Justice Act 2011, DNA Database Act, and the Human Rights and Equality Commission Act. Under his guidance, major reforms were introduced in 2011 into Ireland's citizenship laws and a new Citizenship Ceremony was created. <mask> both devised and piloted Ireland’s first ever citizenship ceremony which took place in June 2011 and a new inclusive citizenship oath which he included in his reforming legislation. During his time as Minister, he cleared an enormous back log of citizenship applications and 69,000 foreign nationals became Irish citizens.Some applications had lain dormant for 3 to 4 years. He introduced a general rule that save where there was some real complication, all properly made citizenship applications should be processed within a six month period. <mask> also took steps to facilitate an increased number of political refugees being accepted into Ireland and created a special scheme to facilitate relations of Syrian families already resident in Ireland who were either caught up in the civil war in Syria, or in refugee camps elsewhere as a result of the civil war in Syria, to join their families in Ireland. <mask> had enacted legislation before the end of July 2011 to facilitate access to financial documentation and records held by third parties in investigations into banking scandals and white collar crime. The legislation was first used by the Gardaí in September 2011. During Ireland's Presidency of the Council of the European Union in 2013, he chaired the Justice and Home Affairs Council (JHA) meetings and, in January 2013, in Dublin Castle, the meeting of EU Defence Ministers. Under his guidance, Ireland played a more active role than in the past in EU defence matters and in deepening Ireland's participation in NATO's partnership for peace.Under his guidance, during the course of the Irish Presidency, substantial progress was made at the European Union level in the adoption and development of new legislation and measures across a broad range of Justice and Home Affairs issues. In June 2011, he apologised for "unfair and inaccurate" comments he made about RTÉ crime correspondent Paul Reynolds after saying he "consistently engages in tabloid sensationalism". When eight former attorneys general criticised the proposed Thirtieth Amendment of the Constitution on Oireachtas inquiries he described their views as "nonsense" and "simply wrong". Shortly after taking office, the Cloyne report which had been commissioned by the previous government to investigate clerical sex abuse of children in the Diocese of Cloyne, was released. In response to this report and several other sex abuse scandals involving the Catholic Church, the Fine Gael–Labour Party government announced controversial plans to criminalise failure to report an allegation of child abuse. Seán Brady, the Catholic Archbishop of Armagh, condemned this as compromising the Seal of the Confessional. <mask> steered the legislation through the parliament and it was enacted in 2012.Following publication in 2012 of the report of then Independent Senator Martin McAleese into the Magdalene Laundries, which <mask> commissioned, he established with government agreement a financial scheme to compensate the survivors of the laundries and other supportive measures. A state apology for the survivors scandalous ill treatment by various religious orders was, as a result of <mask>'s engagement with this long ignored issue, made in the Dail by the Taoiseach, Enda Kenny. The plight of the survivors of the laundries had been ignored for decades and there was widespread welcome for the government action taken. Major reform of the Irish prison system occurred and greater co-operation between the prison and probation services was implemented. A prison modernisation programme was implemented and slopping out virtually ended. Mountjoy Prison was refurbished to provide proper in cell sanitation and construction of a new Cork Prison was commenced. He also had enacted legislation to require the courts to make greater use of community service orders for minor offences and to facilitate the payment of court imposed fines by instalment.In September 2011, <mask> published the Legal Services Reform Bill to modernise the legal profession, introduce greater competition and tackle the problem of excessive legal costs. The Bill generated enormous opposition from both the barristers and solicitors professional bodies. It was welcomed by the Competition Authority and some other bodies, including the Troika to whom the Irish government was obliged to report as a result of the financial and banking collapse. <mask> engaged in an extensive consultative process on the Bill and it was substantially amended and improved as it went through the legislative process. <mask> refused to amend the provisions designed to reduce legal costs and increase competition and to enable barristers and solicitors work together jointly as court advocates and in partnerships. The barristers opposition to the bill remained strident whilst the solicitors became supportive of most of its provisions. The Bill still had to complete its enactment when <mask> resigned in May 2014.Following <mask>'s resignation, his successor as Justice minister, Frances Fitzgerald, amended some of the provisions. On 3 March 2012, a convicted Garda killer escaped from low security open detention centre Loughan House in County Cavan, and fled across the border into Northern Ireland. <mask> later apologised and said "it should not have occurred." <mask>'s proposal to cabinet in the autumn of 2013 that a referendum on marriage equality be held in the first half of 2015 was accepted and with cabinet agreement he published in February 2014 the draft Children and Family Relationships Bill to substantially reform and modernise various aspects of child and family law. The legislation was enacted shortly before the referendum was held in 2015. The legislation enacted substantially reflected the draft bill <mask> published, save that the government omitted provisions relating to surrogacy, announcing in September 2014 that the issue would be addressed in separate legislation. As of June 2020, a general scheme of an Assisted Human Reproduction Bill has been published, but it has not advanced in the legislative process.He was the Minister responsible for two amendments to the Constitution of Ireland which were passed in referendums: the Twenty-ninth Amendment in 2011 to allow for the reduction of judges' pay, and the Thirty-third Amendment in 2013 to establish a Court of Appeal. Just prior to his resignation from government the draft legislation to create the court was published and the court was established and sitting by October 2014. The jurisdictions of the courts were extended for the first time in 20 years and the maximum civil damages payable for the emotional distress of bereaved relations following a negligent death was increased. Minister for Defence (2011–2014)
<mask> implemented substantial reform in the Department of Defence and restructured the Irish Defence Forces. He is a strong supporter of the Irish Defence Forces participation in international peacekeeping and humanitarian engagements. As a member of the Irish Parliament and as Minister on many occasions, he visited Irish troops participating in UN missions in the Middle East. Under his watch contracts were signed for the acquisition of 2 new naval vessels with an option to purchase a third.All three naval vessels are now part of the Irish naval service and have been actively engaged in recent years in rescuing from drowning refugees in the Mediterranean attempting to enter Europe. As Minister for Defence, he enacted legislation to grant a pardon and an amnesty to members of the Irish defence forces

masks:
Alan Joseph Shatter
Reuben Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter


texts:
 who deserted during World War 2 to fight on the allied side against Nazi Germany and gave a state apology for their post war treatment by the Irish State. Penalty points controversy
In November and December 2012 controversy arose as a result of some Independent TDs alleging Gardaí had unlawfully cancelled road traffic tickets and penalty points and naming individuals in the Dail who it was alleged had broken the law. Shatter stated that caution should be exercised in assuming all the allegations made were accurate pending the completion of an investigation, expressed concern about individuals being so named and promised to publish the investigation report. In December 2012, he also stated that if following completion of the investigation he had any remaining concerns he would refer the issue to the independent Garda Inspectorate. In May 2013, he published two Garda reports. They established that in approx 2.5% of cases examined there had been a failure to properly comply with Garda procedures and recommended the introduction of reforms.<mask> described some of the decisions made cancelling penalty points as "exotic" and defying common sense. He published a code of practice to apply in the future and requested an independent report from the Garda Inspectorate. It was published 9 months later, proposed further reforms and endorsed <mask>'s code of practice. In March 2014, <mask> announced the governments agreement to implement all of the recommended reforms. When publishing the May 2013 Reports, <mask> acknowledged the role played by a Garda whistle blower in identifying Garda failures while expressing concern about some inaccurate allegations made that had been widely publicised and fueled some of the political and media controversy relating to the issue, including an inaccurate allegation that 7 individuals had died in traffic accidents because of the cancellation of penalty points. In the Dail in October 2013, he criticised a whistleblower for not co-operating with the original Garda investigation into his allegations. This generated further controversy and criticism of Shatter by his political opponents.Following publication of the Garda Inspectorates report, he apologised to the whistleblower in the Dail, explaining he understood the whistleblower had co-operated with the Inspectorate and that he now believed the Gardaí should have done more to engage with him prior to May 2013. During hearings of the Disclosures Tribunal in 2018, it emerged from evidence given by Shatter and Garda Assistant Commissioner O’Mahony that the whistleblower, Maurice McCabe, had requested anonymity when alleging Garda failures, that request had been respected and it was the reason why he had not been interviewed during the Garda investigation into his allegations relating to traffic charges and penalty points. GSOC bugging affair

In February 2014, the Irish edition of The Sunday Times''' ran a series of stories claiming that the offices of the Garda Síochána Ombudsman Commission (GSOC) had been bugged with a variety of highly sophisticated bugging equipment available only to government-level actors. GSOC's sole responsibility is to investigate wrongdoing in the Irish police force, the Garda Síochána, and there was widespread speculation that the Garda, or some rogue members or former members were responsible for the bugging to forestall investigations. John Mooney, the journalist who wrote the story, explicitly linked the bugging to GSOC's investigation of Garda handling of the case of Kieran Boylan, the convicted drug-runner who was assisted by gardaí in obtaining a passport, a haulage licence and had a prosecution for drug running terminated in extraordinary circumstances. Mooney reported that GSOC called in a specialist British counter-surveillance firm after a senior Garda, in a meeting with GSOC, let slip that he knew of information which GSOC staff had discussed including in a report, but had not actually included. Shatter, as Justice Minister, had responsibility for both the Garda and GSOC.Statements he made in the aftermath of the revelation were critical of GSOC. <mask> both questioned the conclusion that GSOC offices were bugged, and criticised it for not informing him of the alleged bugging prior to his reading of GSOC’s alleged concerns in February 2013 in the Sunday Times… He stated there was no evidence that GSOC’s offices had not been bugged at all or of any Garda involvement, asserting that the source of one of the anomalies found was a WiFi signal from a coffee shop on the ground floor of GSOC's offices. He said that the Gardaí had been subjected to "baseless innuendo". Although GSOC itself had concluded by December 2013 that it had not been bugged and that there was no evidence of any Garda misconduct, both opposition politicians and sections of the media accused Shatter of a cover up and he was under sustained media criticism and political attack. A retired High Court Judge, John Cooke was appointed by the government to conduct an independent informal inquiry which he concluded in June 2014. Cooke fully engaged with GSOC and obtained independent technical assistance. His report confirmed that Shatter had correctly and truthfully addressed the issue, that there was no evidence that GSOC had been bugged or of any Garda involvement and he criticised the Sunday Times reports.The Sunday Times was further criticised by a Senior Counsel in a further report on the issue, commissioned by GSOC, extracts from which were published in September 2014. The Sunday Times never responded to the criticism, explained or apologized for its conduct. Connections with Oliver Connolly
Oliver Connolly, a barrister, arbitrator, mediator and director of Friary Law, a mediation service nominated by two previous Justice Ministers to conduct court directed mediation was appointed in 2011 by Shatter as the Garda Confidential Recipient, an office intended to receive complaints of wrongdoing confidentially from gardaí who have evidence of malpractice in the force. In February 2014, a transcript of a conversation between Connolly and Sergeant Maurice McCabe, a whistleblower, recorded by McCabe was made public. Initially extracts from the transcript were recited in the Dail by Mick Wallace TD and Leader of the Opposition, Micheál Martin. In it, Connolly appeared to be repeatedly telling McCabe not to take any steps that would lead to the publication of wrongdoing that he was reporting. Connolly is quoted as saying "I’ll tell you something Maurice and this is just personal advice to you.If Shatter thinks your [sic] screwing him, you’re finished … If Shatter thinks it's you, if he thinks or is told by the Commissioner or the Gardaí here’s this guy again trying another route trying to put pressure on, he’ll go after you." On 5 February 2014, these comments were read into the Dáil record by Mick Wallace, the independent TD. Following the emergence of the GSOC bugging controversy, these comments were featured more prominently in news media. <mask> informed the Dail that there was no basis for what was alleged by Connolly and that he had never made any such threats. On 19 February, <mask> sacked Connolly as Garda Confidential Recipient. This issue coinciding with the GSOC bugging issue and further fuelled the controversy, resulting in trenchant media and political criticism and calls for <mask>'s resignation. Connolly in March 2014 issued a statement expressing support for <mask> as a reforming Minister but declined to explain his comments as contained in the McCabe transcript on the basis that his conversations as confidential recipient with whistleblowers were confidential.Until his resignation <mask> continued to be publicly criticised for making alleged threats against McCabe. The O'Higgins Report published in May 2016 addressed the issue. It fully accepted Shatter's evidence to it that he had not had any such discussion with Connolly nor ever threatened McCabe. It also recorded that McCabe did not challenge and accepted <mask>'s evidence and that Connolly had when appearing before it declined to address the issue on the basis that his engagement with McCabe was confidential. Guerin Report, O'Higgins Report, Fennelly Report, resignation and loss of seat
On 25 March 2014, the Garda Commissioner, Martin Callinan announced his retirement as Garda Commissioner. It subsequently emerged that his unexpected departure was connected to the discovery of previously publicly unknown Garda recordings of phone conversations in Garda stations for over two decades. The circumstances relating to the Commissioners premature retirement and the role of the Taoiseach and the actions of Attorney General, Maire Whelan and <mask> as Minister of Justice were the subject of a statutory Commission of Investigation by retired Supreme Court Judge, Niall Fennelly.The Commissioner had written to Brian Purcell, the Secretary General of the Justice Department on 10 March 2014, informing him of the discovery of the recordings and action being taken. The Gardaí had also informed the Attorney General of the issue the previous autumn. <mask> claimed he knew nothing of the letter until after the Commissioner's resignation when some hours later he received a copy of it from the Secretary General of the Justice Department. His political opponents and various media commentators challenged and ridiculed this claim. This added to the controversy in which he was embroiled. Upon publication of the Interim Fennelly Report in September 2015, Fennelly determined that <mask> had told the truth and criticised Whelan for not discussing the issue with him and Purcell for not furnishing the Commissioner's letter to Shatter after he received it. Whelan and Kenny had discussed the recordings issue together on 23 March 2014 and Fennelly was critical of their failure after that meeting to inform <mask> of their concerns about the recordings.Fennelly concluded that had they done so the Commissioners retirement may not have occurred. <mask> claimed that he had not been informed of the recordings until the evening of 24 March 2014. His political opponents alleged he knew of them earlier. The Fennelly Report found also that <mask> was truthful on this issue. The Fennelly Report recorded evidence given by <mask> that contradicted that of Whelan and Kenny in relation to the task given by Kenny to Purcell when visiting the Commissioner on Kenny's direction the night before his premature retirement, 23 March 2014. Kenny claimed that Purcell was tasked to obtain information from Callinan. <mask> claimed he was tasked with informing Callinan that following the next day's cabinet meeting Kenny may be unable to express confidence in Callinan.Shatter's evidence accorded with that of Purcell and Martin Fraser, Kenny's Secretary General in the Taoiseach's Department. The evidence of Whelan and Kenny on the issue was rejected by Fennelly. On 7 May 2014, <mask> resigned as Minister for Justice and Equality and as Minister for Defence following receipt by the Taoiseach, Enda Kenny, of the report of Seán Guerin into allegations made by Garda Sergeant Maurice McCabe. Guerin criticised <mask>'s approach to complaints and allegations made by McCabe and concluded that <mask> had "not heeded" McCabe's voice. In his resignation letter and six weeks later in the Dail, <mask> challenged Guerin's conclusions and criticism of him asserting that Guerin had neither interviewed him nor given him any opportunity to address his concerns. He stated that Guerin's report recorded Guerin had met McCabe on four separate occasions and conducted nineteen hours of interviews with him. In July 2014, <mask> took court proceedings against Guerin challenging the manner in which he conducted his inquiry.In May 2016, following a sworn Commission of Investigation presided over by retired High Court Judge Kevin O’Higgins, the O'Higgins Report concluded that <mask>, as Minister for Justice, had taken a personal interest in McCabe's complaints and allegations, had dealt with them appropriately, promptly, properly and reasonably and that there had been a failure by McCabe to respond to letters sent by <mask> and his officials to McCabe's solicitors in the period October 2012 to December 2014. O' Higgins conclusions entirely contradicted those of Guerin's informal Inquiry. In October 2016, the Court of Appeal ruled that <mask> had been denied a fair hearing by Guerin and that his rights to natural and constitutional justice had been violated. In March 2017, the Court made a declaration in those terms. Subsequent to the October 2016 judgement the Guerin Report was removed from government websites. In July 2017, the Supreme Court agreed to hear an appeal by Guerin against the decision of the Court of Appeal. In February 2019 the Supreme Court dismissed Guerin’s appeal.In doing so it ruled that Guerin’s task was to conduct a preliminary inquiry and to identify any issues that should be subject to a sworn commission of investigation; that he had no mandate to pass judgement on anyone or to cricise <mask> and that he had violated Shatters constitutional rights and failed to afford <mask> a fair or any hearing. There was no response by the Irish Government or by any opposition politician to the judgement of the Supreme Court. <mask> contested the redrawn constituency of Dublin Rathdown at the 2016 general election. After the election he complained about a Fine Gael letter signed by Enda Kenny, as Taoiseach and leader of Fine Gael and Brian Hayes MEP, the party's Director of Elections distributed in parts of his constituency which gave the impression he was going to be easily re-elected and which directed Fine Gael voters to give their first preference vote to his Fine Gael colleague, Josepha Madigan. Madigan won the only Fine Gael seat in the three-seat constituency. Hayes later publicly apologised for the distribution of the letter but Kenny remained silent on the issue. <mask> also was critical of the conduct of Fine Gael’s national campaign and the role in it of Enda Kenny.In his book Frenzy and Betrayal: The Anatomy of a Political Assassination, published by Merrion Press in May 2019, <mask> details the events which resulted in his resignation from government, their aftermath, the disconnect between truth and politics and the role in Irish politics of fake news, alternative facts and the importance of factual truth. The Irish Times columnist and former political editor, Stephen Collins, writing in that paper on 28 June 2019, stated that the book "should be required reading for journalists, politicians, civil servants and lawyers as a case study of how false narratives can develop with lightening speed and become widely accepted as fact with devastating consequences for those caught in the centre" He described as " decidedly odd … the virtual silence that continues to surround the hounding from office just five years ago of <mask>, one of the best ministers for justice in the history of the state". PublicationsFamily Law in the Republic of Ireland (1980), Laura: A Novel You Will Never Forget (1989), Ireland and the Palestine Question 1948–2004 (2005),  (foreword by <mask>)Life is a Funny Business (2017), Frenzy and Betrayal: The Anatomy of a Political Assassination'' (2019),

References

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1951 births
Living people
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Councillors of Dublin County Council
Fine Gael TDs
Irish Orthodox Jews
Irish solicitors
Jewish Irish politicians
Members of the 22nd Dáil
Members of the 23rd Dáil
Members of the 24th Dáil
Members of the 25th Dáil
Members of the 26th Dáil
Members of the 27th Dáil
Members of the 28th Dáil
Members of the 30th Dáil
Members of the 31st Dáil
Ministers for Defence (Ireland)
Ministers for Justice (Ireland)
People educated at The High School, Dublin
Politicians from County Dublin
Irish

masks:
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Alan Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
Shatter
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Alan Shatter
Alan Shatter


texts:
<mask> (, ) is a former separatist leader who served as the head of the self-proclaimed Luhansk People's Republic, in eastern Ukraine, from 14 August 2014 to 24 November 2017. He was born 26 June 1964 either in Luhansk or in the town of Kelmentsi, Chernivtsi Oblast. <mask> himself did not issue a public statement on 24 November 2017, but on that day a Luhansk People's Republic website claimed he had resigned as their president. On 25 November the 38-member People's Council of the self-proclaimed state unanimously approved <mask>'s resignation. Biography
<mask> was born either in Luhansk or in the town of Kelmentsi to Venedikt and <mask>. He also has a brother <mask> who resides in Kyiv. According to research carried out by a journalist, Plotnitsky graduated from a school in Kelmentsi.According to one of his classmates, <mask> moved to Luhansk (then part of Soviet Ukraine) in 1982, when he joined the army. Other sources claim that he was drafted to the army and served in Penza where he graduated from the Penza Artillery and Engineer College. In 1991 <mask> retired from the Soviet Army as a major and moved to Luhansk. <mask> was a reserve officer of the Soviet Army and started to dedicate himself to business activities after the fall of Soviet Union. Eventually <mask> opened his own business in sale of fuel and lubrication materials. In 2004-2012 he worked for the regional Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights. In 2018 it was reported that <mask> had been arrested and was in pre-trial detention in a Russian jail in St. Petersburg

Luhansk People's Republic
With the start of 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine (in the Donbass region), Plotnitsky sided with the Luhansk People's Republic (LPR).In April 2014 he organized the rebel battalion Zarya and on 21 May 2014 he was appointed as the Minister of Defense for Luhansk People's Republic. After the resignation of Valeriy Bolotov on 14 August 2014, <mask> succeeded him as a Head of the LPR. <mask> won the 2014 LPR election with 63% of the vote. The Russian Foreign Ministry recognized the elections despite the Minsk Protocol which they signed. Despite participating in and winning the election, <mask> later stated that he had been appointed to the post, but did not specify by whom. Another journalist's research points to a direct connection between <mask> and a former Ukrainian official, Oleksandr Yefremov (former Governor of Luhansk Oblast), one of the leaders of Party of Regions. On 30 October 2014, the Prosecutor General's Office of Ukraine issued a statement, that he and Aleksandr Popov are suspected of kidnapping Nadiya Savchenko.Since 10 November 2014 <mask> has been wanted by the Security Service of Ukraine for his role in the LPR. <mask> challenged Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko to a duel (possibly to be broadcast live on TV) in an open letter published on 19 November 2014 in which he proposed "Whoever wins will dictate their terms to the opposing side". Plotinsky said that if he won the duel, he would begin by ending all military action in the country's turbulent east, and would then force "all legal, half-legal, paralegal and illegal armed groups" into exile. On 11 February 2015, the LPR leadership signed the Minsk II agreement that outlined the reintegration of rebel-held territory into Ukraine and amending the Ukrainian constitution to grant it special status within Ukraine's borders. The next week <mask> said that "If Ukraine remains like it is now, we will never be together", but that if the Ukrainian government would carry out the reforms laid out in the Minsk agreement "Time will tell whether we will be part of the future, new and renewed Ukraine." On 18 January 2017 <mask> (on his official website) declared "we will never return to Ukraine!" and that the LPR was "returning to its home – Russia, the Russian world".On 22 November 2017 Russian media citing unofficial sources stated that he had been overthrown by the former interior minister on 21 November 2017 and had fled to Russia while other Russian media reported that he had not left Luhansk. On 24 November 2017 a separatist website stated that <mask> had retired from the presidency citing poor health - "For health reasons. Multiple war wounds, the effects of blast injuries took their toll." The website stated that security minister Leonid Pasechnik had been named acting leader "until the next elections." <mask> was stated to become the separatist's representative to the Minsk process. <mask> himself did not issue a public statement on 24 November 2017. The following day the 38-member People's Council of the self-proclaimed state unanimously approved <mask>'s resignation.2016 assassination attempt

On 6 August 2016 <mask>'s car exploded, injuring its passengers including <mask>. According to the separatists, an explosive device had been planted and detonated near a set of traffic lights. They also claimed Ukrainian "saboteurs" might be behind the "terrorist" attack – a claim denied by the Ukrainian authorities. On 7 August 2016 <mask> was said to be stable after hospital treatment. Conflict with Cossacks
Members of Russian Cossacks, particularly Pavel Dryomov, accused <mask> of embezzlement of state property and called for an armed coup-d'état against him. The statement was released on 31 December 2014, soon after a major conflict between supporters of <mask> and the Russian cossacks in Antratsyt during which, according to the RNBO, 18 people were killed and the leader of the cossacks Nikolay Kozitsyn disappeared. Dryomov also pointed out that the regional administration of Luhansk Oblast was being controlled by "people of Oleksandr Yefremov", while Plotnitsky was promoted by another Ukrainian parliamentarian Natalia Korolevska.Another conflict ensued in the city of Rovenky on 21 January 2015 and another street fight took place involving grenade launchers and armoured personnel vehicles in Krasny Luch on 28 February 2015. Anti-Semitism
In June 2015, <mask> told an audience at a Russian university that Ukraine's Euromaidan revolution was masterminded by a cabal of Jews, and that the name "Euromaidan" was really "Evreimaidan", which translates from Russian to "Jewmaidan". He also referred to President Petro Poroshenko as "Valtzman" (there is an unproven urban legend that Poroshenko's father was actually named Valtzman until he adopted his wife's last name). In the speech he also said "I have nothing against the Jews as a people, as the 'Chosen People,' we can talk about this separately if we have the time". Jewish leaders commenting on his remarks agreed they were anti-Semitic. The Anti-Defamation League also condemned Plotnitsky. References

People of the Luhansk People's Republic
Pro-Russian people of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
Living people
1964 births
People from Luhansk
People from Kelmentsi
Russian nationalists
Pro-Russian people of the war in Donbas
East Ukrainian Volodymyr Dahl National University alumni

masks:
Igor Venediktovich Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
Nina Plotnitsky
Mykhailo Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky
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Plotnitsky
Plotnitsky


texts:
<mask>, Knight Herreweghe (born 2 May 1947) is a Belgian conductor and choirmaster. Herreweghe has founded La Chapelle Royale and Collegium Vocale Gent and is a heavily renowned conductor of Renaissance to early Romantic classical music, with his largest known specialisation being in Baroque music—with a particular focus towards the work of Johann Sebastian Bach. Early life
Herreweghe was born in Ghent as the first of three children to Edward Raymond Frans (1919-2006) and <mask> (née van Herrewege; 1919-1976). He received his first piano lessons from his mother. In his school years at the University of Ghent, Herreweghe combined studies in medical science and psychiatry with a musical education at the Ghent Conservatory, where Marcel Gazelle, Yehudi Menuhin's accompanist, was his piano teacher. Career

In the same period, he began conducting and in 1970 he founded the Collegium Vocale Gent with a group of fellow students. Very soon Nikolaus Harnoncourt and Gustav Leonhardt took notice of his musical approach, and invited him and the Collegium Vocale Gent to join them in their recordings of the complete Bach cantatas.Herreweghe's approach to Baroque music was soon drawing praise and in 1977 he founded another ensemble in Paris, La Chapelle Royale, to perform the music of the French Golden Age, Campra, Lully, Charpentier, Delalande, Dumont, Gille. From 1982 to 2002 he was artistic director of the Académies Musicales de Saintes. During this period, Herreweghe started several other groups and ensembles with whom he made historically appropriate and well-thought-out interpretations of repertoire stretching from the Renaissance to contemporary music. They include the Ensemble Vocal Européen, specialised in Renaissance polyphony, and the Orchestre des Champs Élysées, founded in 1991 with the aim of playing Classical and Romantic repertoire on original instruments. Since 2009, Herreweghe and Collegium Vocale Gent have been actively working on the development of a large European-level symphonic choir, at the invitation of the prestigious Accademia Chigiana in Siena and since 2011 with the support of the European Union's Cultural Programme. For some time Herreweghe has been active performing the great symphonic works, from Beethoven to Gustav Mahler. He has been principal conductor of the Royal Flemish Philharmonic since 1997.As a guest conductor, Herreweghe has conducted a number of well-known orchestras, including the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra, the Stavanger Symphony Orchestra, the Rotterdam Philharmonic, the Dutch Broadcasting Orchestra, the Mahler Chamber Orchestra, the Berlin and Vienna Philharmonic Orchestras, and the Royal Flemish Philharmonic. He was artistic director of the Festival of Saintes and was permanent guest conductor of the Netherlands Radio Chamber Philharmonic from 2008 to 2013. Herreweghe is principally known as a conductor of the music of Johann Sebastian Bach. He is regarded by leading Bach scholars today as a founding father of the Baroque authentic practice, original-instrument movement and one of record label Harmonia Mundi's most prolific recording artists, with over 60 albums to his name. He is married to Ageet Zwiestra. Selected discography
Over the years, Herreweghe has built up an extensive discography of more than 100 recordings with these ensembles, on such labels as Harmonia Mundi, Virgin Classics and Pentatone. Highlights include the Lagrime di San Pietro of Lassus, Bach's St Matthew Passion, the complete symphonies of Beethoven and Schumann, Mahler's song cycle Des Knaben Wunderhorn, Berlioz's L'Enfance du Christ & Les Nuits d'été, Bruckner's Symphony No.5, Fauré's Requiem (1988 & 1901), Pierrot lunaire by Schönberg, Weill's Violin Concerto, Berliner Requiem; Cantate vom Tod im Wald and Stravinsky's Symphony of Psalms. In 2010 he founded together with Outhere Music his own label, φ (PHI). Since then these recordings have been published:
 2010: MAHLER, Gustav: Symphony no. 4; Alt-rhapsodie; Schicksalslied (LPH 025)
 2017: BACH, Johann Sebastian: Du treuer Gott – Leipzig Cantates (LPH 027)
 2017: MONTEVERDI, Claudio: Vespro della Beata Vergine (LPH 029)

Recordings for PRIMEPHONIC
 Schubert – Symphonies. <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic. PENTATONE PTC 5186446 (2012). Beethoven – The 9 Symphonies <mask>he, Royal Flemish Philharmonic.PENTATONE PTC 5186312 (2011). Mendelssohn Bartholdy – The Piano Concertos & Rondo brilliant. Martin Helmchen, <mask>he, Royal Flemish Philharmonic. PENTATONE PTC 5186366 (2011). Schubert – Symphony No. 9 in C, D. 944, "The Great". <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic.PENTATONE PTC 5186372 (2011). Beethoven – Symphonies Nos. 4 & 7. <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic. PENTATONE PTC 5186315 (2011). Stravinsky – Monumentum • Mass & Symphonie de Psaumes, Bach & Stravinsky – Choral-Variationen. <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic, Collegium Vocale Gent.PENTATONE PTC 5186349 (2010)
 Beethoven – Symphony No. 9 "Choral" <mask>, Christiane Oelze, Ingeborg Danz, Christoph Strehl, David Wilson-Johnson, Royal Flemish Philharmonic, Collegium Vocale Gent, Academia Chigiana Siena. PENTATONE PTC 5186317 (2010). Beethoven – Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8 <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic. PENTATONE PTC 5186316 (2007). Beethoven – Symphonies Nos.2 & 6. <mask>, Royal Flemish Philharmonic PENTATONE PTC 5186314 (2009). Beethoven – Symphonies Nos. 1 & 3 <mask>he, Royal Flemish Philharmonic. PENTATONE PTC 5186313 (2008). Honours and awards

Honours
 1994: Officier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
 2000: Created knight Herreweghe by Royal Decree of King Albert II. 2003: Knight of the Legion of Honour.Awards
 In 1990 the European music press named him "Musical Personality of the Year". Herreweghe and Collegium Vocale Gent were appointed "Cultural Ambassadors of Flanders" in 1993. In 1997 he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Catholic University of Leuven
 In 2010 the city of Leipzig awarded him its Bach-Medaille for his work as a performer of Bach. Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize (2016)

References

<mask>he. Orchestre des Champs-Élysées. Accessed 21 April 2014. [ <mask>he].Allmusic. Accessed 21 April 2007. <mask>he Royal Flemish Philharmonic. Accessed 17 November 2007. Belgian conductors (music)
Belgian male musicians
Male conductors (music)
Belgian performers of early music
1947 births
Living people
Ghent University alumni
Bach conductors
Virgin Veritas artists
Belgian knights
Winners of the Royal Academy of Music/ Kohn Foundation Bach Prize
Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
21st-century conductors (music)
Harmonia Mundi artists

masks:
Philippe Maria François Herreweghe
Elza Maria Augusta Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweg
Philippe Herreweg
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweghe
Philippe Herreweg
Philippe Herreweg
Philippe Herreweg
Philippe Herreweg


texts:
<mask> (born November 14, 1945) is the Russell E. Palmer Professor of Finance at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Siegel comments extensively on the economy and financial markets. He appears regularly on networks including CNN, CNBC and NPR, and writes regular columns for Kiplinger's Personal Finance and Yahoo! Finance. <mask>'s paradox is named after him. Biography
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from Highland Park High School. He majored in mathematics and economics as an undergraduate at Columbia University, graduating in 1967, and obtained a Ph.D. from MIT in 1971.At MIT he studied under Paul Samuelson and Robert Solow, both Nobel Prize winners. He taught at the University of Chicago for four years before moving to the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. As of 2007, Siegel was advisor to WisdomTree Investments, a sponsor of exchange-traded funds; he owed about 2% the company then worth an estimated $700 million. Investing advice
In his books Stocks for the Long Run (1998) and The Future for Investors (2005), Siegel outlines his investing theories and advice. He recommends against holding bonds, arguing their long-term performance tends to be negative after inflation. Siegel's position on bonds has been disputed, with critics proposing his data is flawed due to use of unreliable information from earlier sources. For stocks, Siegel recommends relying primarily or exclusively on index funds when possible, as active management tends to underperform market averages over long periods.(When he wrote in the late 1990s and early 2000's, index funds were not necessarily available in 401k plans but have become more popular since then.) He is not opposed to holding a small portion of the portfolio in single stocks, provided their selection is prudent. For all stocks or investment options, Siegel advise following a "D-I-V" mnemonic as a guideline: prioritizing dividends, international, and valuation. His research found dividend-paying stocks tend to offer superior long-term performance, as they are associated with profitable mature companies that hold up well during bear market and recession, and are also more likely to be reasonably valued. He has endorsed the Dogs of the Dow method, of holding the highest-dividend stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Siegel recommends substantial international stock holdings, up to 40-50%, to avoid home country bias and obtain a broader variety of options. For valuation, Siegel recommends stocks or indexes that are fairly valued or undervalued while avoiding sectors that are overvalued or trendy, as they tend to offer poor long-term results.He calls this phenomenon the "growth trap" and notes that fast-growing companies, industries or economies are not necessarily good investments. TV programs
He has been a frequent guest on the business TV program Kudlow & Company on CNBC, hosted by Lawrence Kudlow. Siegel, like Kudlow, tends to favor supply-side economics. Siegel is also a lifelong friend of Robert Shiller, an economist at the Yale School of Management, whom Siegel has known since their MIT graduate school days. <mask> and Shiller have frequently debated each other on TV about the stock market and its future returns, and have become financial media celebrities, regularly appearing on CNBC. Criticisms

IPO debate
Siegel has said that Initial Public Offerings, stock sold by new companies, typically disappoint. In his The Future for Investors: Why the Tried and the True Triumph Over the Bold and the New (Crown Business, 2005), Siegel analyzed 9,000 IPOs between 1968 and 2003 and concluded that IPOs consistently underperformed a small-cap index in nearly four out five cases.Others disagree. 2000 bullishness
Some have criticized Professor Siegel for being bullish on the stock market back in 2000. In a BusinessWeek interview in May 2000 when asked about the stock market, he replied:
"Seven percent per year [average] real returns on stocks is what I find over nearly two centuries. I don't see persuasive reasons why it should be any different from that over the intermediate run. In the short run, it could be almost anything." That being said, Professor Siegel was correct when he also stated in the same interview:
"I have voiced my concern about the technology sector, and I sometimes advise people to shade down from that sector relative to its percentage in the [Standard & Poor's 500-stock index.] I really am concerned with these companies that have p-e ratios of 90, 100, and above.I still think stocks, as a diversified portfolio, are the best long-run investment. I will say that indexed bonds at 4% are an attractive hedge at the present time. To get a 4% real rate of return, although it's not as high as 6.5% to 7% that we talked about in stocks, as a guaranteed rate of return is certainly comforting against any inflation." On March 14, 2000, The Wall Street Journal published an opinion piece by Siegel titled: "Big-Cap Tech Stocks Are a Sucker Bet". The piece issued warnings against investing in some of the hottest technology stocks during the dot com bubble. Bibliography
Books
 The Future for Investors: Why the Tried and the True Triumph Over the Bold and the New (2005). Stocks for the Long Run: The Definitive Guide to Financial Market Returns and Long-Term Investment Strategies, McGraw-Hill (1994), .Revolution on Wall Street: The Rise and Decline of the New York Stock Exchange (1993). Academic journal publications
“Risk, Interest Rates, and the Forward Exchange,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 86 (2), May 1972, pp. 303–9;
“Reply,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 89 (1), February, 1975, pp. 173–5. “Stability and the Keynesian and Classical Macroeconomic Systems,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 2 (2), April 1976, pp. 257–66. “Indexation, the Risk-Free Asset, and Capital Market Equilibrium,” (with Jerold Warner) Journal of Finance, 32 (4), September 1977, pp.1101–8. “The Gibson Paradox and Historical Movements in Real Interest Rates,” (with Robert Shiller) Journal of Political Economy, 85 (5), October 1977, pp. 891–907. “Notes on Optimal Taxation and the Optimal Rate of Inflation,” Journal of Monetary Economics, 4(2), April 1978, pp. 297–305. “Inflation-Induced Distortion in Government and Private Saving Statistics,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 61 (2), April 1979, pp. 83–90.“Bank Regulation and Macroeconomic Stability” (with Anthony Santomero), American Economic Review, 71 (1), March 1981, pp. 39–53. “Inflation, Bank Profits, and Government Seignorage,” American Economic Review, 71 (2), May 1981, pp. 352–5. “Bank Reserves and Financial Stability,” Journal of Finance, 35 (5), December 1981, pp. 1073–85. “Monetary Stabilization and the Informational Value of Monetary Aggregates,” Journal of Political Economy, 90 (1), February 1982, pp.176–80. “A General Equilibrium Money and Banking Paradigm” (with Anthony Santomero), Journal of Finance, 37 (2), May 1982, pp. 357–69. “Technological Change and the Super-Neutrality of Money,” Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, 15 (3), August 1983, pp. 362–7. “Operational Interest Rate Rules,” American Economic Review, 73 (5), December 1983, pp. 1102–10.“The Mortgage Refinancing Decision,” Housing Finance Review, 3 (1), January 1984, pp. 91–7. “Money Supply Announcements and Interest Rates: Does Monetary Policy Matter?” Journal of Monetary Economics, 15 (2), March 1985, pp. 163–76. “The Application of the DCF Method for Determining the Cost of Capital,” Financial Management, 14 (1), Spring 1985, pp. 46–53. “Deposit Deregulation and Monetary Policy” (with Anthony Santomero) in Carnegie Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Volume 24, Spring 1986, pp.179–224. “Are Money, Growth and Inflation Related to Government Deficits? Evidence for Ten Industrialized Economies” (with Aris Protopapadakis), Journal of International Money and Finance, 6, March 1987, pp. 31–48. “Does It Pay Stock Investors to Forecast the Business Cycle?” Journal of Portfolio Management, 18 (1), Fall 1991, pp. 27–34. “The Real Rate of Interest from 1800-1990: A Study of the U.S. and the U.K.: Journal of Monetary Economics, 29 (2), April 1992, pp.227-52. “The Equity Premium, Stock and Bond Returns Since 1802,” Financial Analysts Journal, 48(1), January/February 1992, pp. 28–38; winner of the 1992 Graham and Dodd Scroll Award. “Equity Risk Premia, Corporate Profit Forecasts, and Investor Sentiment around the Stock Crash of October 1987,” Journal of Business, 65 (4), October 1992, pp. 557–70. “The Theory of Security Pricing and Market Structure” (with Marshall Blume), Journal of Financial Markets, Institutions, and Instruments, 1 (3), August 1992, pp. 3–58; with a Foreword by Paul Samuelson
“Long Term Characteristics of Income Producing Real Estate” (with Joseph Gyourko), Journal of Real Estate Finance, 11 (1) Spring 1994, pp.14–22. “The Nifty-Fifty Revisited: Do Growth Stocks Ultimately Justify Their Price?” Journal of Portfolio Management, 21 (4), summer 1995, pp. 8–20. “Anomalies: The Equity Premium Puzzle” (with Richard Thaler), Journal of Economic Perspectives, 11 (1), Winter 1997, pp. 191–200. “The Shrinking Equity premium,” lead article in The Journal of Portfolio Management, vol. 26, 1, Fall 1999, 10-17.The Rise in Stock Valuations and Future Equity Returns, Lead article, The Journal of Investment Consulting, Vol 5, No. 1, June/July 2002, pp. 9–19
“What Is an Asset Price Bubble? An Operational Definition,” European Financial Management, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2003, pp. 11–24,
“Perspectives on the Equity Risk Premium,” Financial Analysts Journal, v. 61 (1), November/December 2005, pp.61–73 reprinted in Bold Thinking on Investment Management,” Ed., Rodney N. Sullivan, 2005, pages 202-217, CFA Institute
“The Long Term Returns on the Original S&P 500 Firms,” (with <mask>), Financial Analysts Journal, v. 61 (1), January/February 2006. pp. 18–31. Awards
1994: Best Business School Professor in worldwide ranking, Business Week

2002: Lindback Award for outstanding university teaching

1996, 2005: Helen Kardon Moss Anvil Award for outstanding MBA teaching

2005: Nicholas Molodovsky Award by the Chartered Financial Analysts Institute to “those individuals who have made outstanding contributions of such significance as to change the direction of the profession and to raise it to higher standards of accomplishment.”

Notes

External links
 JeremySiegel.com where the "Wizard of Wharton" weighs in on the markets, the economy and investment strategies. Bloomberg Article: "The Shiller & Siegel Show"
 EricTyson.com Summary of global investing perspectives in "Stocks for the Long Run"

1945 births
21st-century American economists
20th-century American Jews
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Living people
Supply-side economists
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
21st-century American Jews
University of Chicago Booth School of Business faculty

masks:
Jeremy James Siegel
Siegel
Siegel
Siegel
Jeremy Schwartz