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<mask> (; 19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer and historian. A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish People's Republic due to his membership in the Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) and opposition activity. After the collapse of the communist regime, Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001. He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate. Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wałęsa. Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle, an honorary citizen of Israel, and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.Early life
<mask> was born in Warsaw to a Catholic family. He studied at Saint Stanisław Kostka Secondary School. In 1939 he graduated from The Humanist High School of the Roman Catholic Future Educational Society in Warsaw. World War II
In September 1939, Bartoszewski took part in the civil defense of Warsaw as a stretcher-bearer. From May 1940, he worked in the first social clinic of the Polish Red Cross in Warsaw. On 19 September 1940, Bartoszewski was detained in the Warsaw district of Żoliborz during a surprise round-up of members of the public (łapanka), along with some 2,000 civilians (among them, Witold Pilecki). From 22 September 1940, he was detained in Auschwitz concentration camp (his inmate number was 4427).Due to actions undertaken by the Polish Red Cross, he was released from Auschwitz on 8 April 1941. Polish Underground State

After his release from Auschwitz, Bartoszewski contacted the Association of Armed Struggle (Związek Walki Zbrojnej). In the summer of 1941, he reported on his concentration camp imprisonment to the Information Department of the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army (Armia Krajowa, or AK, a reformed version of the Association of Armed Struggle and the largest resistance movement in Poland). In 1942, he joined the Front for the Rebirth of Poland (Front Odrodzenia Polski), which was a secret, Catholic, social-educational and charity organization founded by Zofia Kossak-Szczucka. From October 1941 until 1944, Bartoszewski studied Polish studies in the secret Humanist Department of Warsaw University. At this time, higher education of Poles was outlawed by the German occupational authorities. In August 1942, Bartoszewski became a soldier of the Home Army, working as a reporter in the "P" Subdivision of the Information Department of its Information and Propaganda Bureau.His pseudonym "Teofil" was inspired by Teofil Grodzicki, a fictional character from Jan Parandowski's novel entitled The Sky in Flames. He cooperated with Kazimierz Moczarski in the two-man P-1 report of the "P" subdivision. From September 1942, Bartoszewski was active on behalf of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland in the Provisional Committee for Aid to Jews and its successor organization, the Council for Aid to Jews (codenamed Żegota). Żegota, a Polish World War II resistance organization whose objective was to help Jews during the Holocaust, operated under the auspices of the Polish Government in Exile through the Delegatura, its presence in Warsaw. He remained a member of Żegota until the Warsaw Uprising. In 1943, he replaced Witold Bieńkowski in the Jewish Department of the Delegatura. From November 1942 to September 1943, Bartoszewski was an editorial team secretary of the Catholic magazine Prawda (The Truth), the press organ of the Front for the Rebirth of Poland.From fall of 1942 until spring of 1944, Bartoszewski was the editor-in-chief of the Catholic magazine Prawda Młodych (The Youth's Truth), which was also connected with the Front for the Rebirth of Poland and aimed at university and high-school students. In November 1942, Bartoszewski became a vice-manager of a division created in the Department of Internal Affairs of the Delegatura, whose remit was to help prisoners of Pawiak prison. In February 1943, Bartoszewski became a reporter and vice-manager of the Department's Jewish Report. As a part of his activities for Żegota and the Jewish Report, he organized assistance for the participants of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in April 1943. On 1 August 1944, Bartoszewski began his participation in the Warsaw Uprising. He was an aide to the commander of radio post "Asma" and editor-in-chief of the magazine The News from the City and The Radio News. On 20 September, by orders from the commandant of the Warsaw District of the AK, General Antoni "Monter" Chruściel, Bartoszewski was decorated with the Silver Cross of Merit.This was the result of a proposal put forward by the chief of the Information and Propaganda Bureau in General Headquarters of the Home Army, Colonel Jan Rzepecki). On 1 October, he was appointed Second Lieutenant by the AK commander general Tadeusz "Bór" Komorowski (also due to a proposal by Rzepecki). He received the Cross of Valor order on 4 October. Post-World War II
Bartoszewski left Warsaw on 7 October 1944. He continued his underground activity in the Information and Propaganda Bureau of the Home Army at its General Headquarters in Kraków. From November 1944 to January 1945, he held a position as editorial team secretary for Information Bulletin. At the end of February 1945, he returned to Warsaw, where he began his service in the information and propaganda section of NIE resistance movement.From May to August 1945, Bartoszewski was serving in the sixth unit of the Delegatura (he was responsible for information and propaganda) under the supervision of Kazimierz Moczarski). On 10 October 1945, he revealed that he had served in the AK. In Autumn 1945, Bartoszewski started his cooperation with the Institute of National Remembrance at the presidium of the government and the Head Commission of Examination of German Crimes in Poland. His information gathered during the occupation period about the Nazi crimes, the situation in concentration camps and prisons, as well as his knowledge concerning the Jewish genocide, appeared to be very helpful. In February 1946 he began his work in the editorial section of Gazeta Ludowa (People's Gazette), the main press organ of the Polish People's Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe, PSL). Soon, he joined the PSL, at that time the only influential party in opposition to the communist government. In the articles published in Gazeta Ludowa, he mentioned the outstanding figures of the Polish Underground State (the interview with Stefan Korboński, the report from the funeral of Jan Piekałkiewicz), and the events connected with the fight for liberation of the country (a series of sketches presenting the Warsaw Uprising entitled Dzień Walczącej Stolicy).Due to his collaboration with the PSL, Bartoszewski became subject to repressions by the security services. On 15 November 1946, he was falsely accused of being a spy, resulting in him being arrested and held by the Ministry of Public Security of Poland. In December, he was transferred to the Mokotów Prison; he was released on 10 April 1948, with the help of Zofia Rudnicka (a former chief of Żegota, then working in the Ministry of Justice). Although Bartoszewski was accepted into the third year of Polish Studies in December 1948, his arrest in 1949 and the resulting five years' imprisonment rendered him unable to finish his studies. Bartoszewski was again arrested on 14 December 1949. On 29 May 1952, he was sentenced by the Military District Court to eight years in prison due to the false charge of espionage. In April 1954, he was moved to the prison in Rawicz and in June to the prison in Racibórz.He was released in August 1954 on a year's parole due to his bad health condition. On 2 March 1955, during the wave of de-Stalinization, Bartoszewski was informed he was wrongly sentenced. Career

Literary, academic and journalistic activity
After Bartoszewski was found wrongly sentenced and released from prison, he returned to his journalistic activity. Since August 1955, he was the editor-in-chief of specialist publishing houses of the Polish Librarians Association. Since July 1956, he was publishing his articles in Stolica weekly, and since January 1957 he was a member of an editorial section. From the Summer of 1958 to December 1960, he held the position of the secretary of the editorial section. In August 1957, Bartoszewski began working with Tygodnik Powszechny (Universal Weekly).Since July 1982, he was a member of the editorial section. In November 1958, Bartoszewski was again accepted by the Linguistic Department of Warsaw University, in extramural mode. He submitted his master's thesis written under the supervision of professor Julian Krzyżanowski. However, by decision of the vice-chancellor, he was expelled from the university in October 1962. On 18 April 1963, Bartoszewski was decorated with the Polonia Restituta medal for his help to the Jews during the war. The proposal was put forward by the Jewish Historical Institute. Between September and November 1963, he resided in Israel at the invitation of the Yad Vashem Institute.In the name of the Council for Aid to Jews, he received the diploma of the Righteous Among the Nations. In 1966, he received the medal of the Righteous Among the Nations. In memoriam, former Israeli Ambassador Govrin will later write: "<mask> Bartoszewski will always be remembered as an individual who greatly contributed to the strengthening of Polish-Israeli ties, well before diplomatic ties were renewed and well after. From November to December 1963, Bartoszewski lived in Austria, where he entered into communication with Austrian intellectual and political societies. In November 1963, he begun his cooperation with Radio Free Europe. In the next years, he was traveling to the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Israel and the United States, where he got in touch mainly with some of the representatives of Polish emigration (among others with Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, Jan Karski, Czesław Miłosz and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński). In 1969–73, Bartoszewski served as the chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Society of Book Lovers (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki) and in December 1969 he was appointed a member of the board of the Polish PEN.From 1972 to 1983, he served as the chief secretary of the Polish PEN. In 1973–82, and again in 1984–85, Bartoszewski lectured as a senior lecturer (the counterpart of vice-professor). His lectures concerned modern history (with the special emphasis on the war and occupation) in the Institute of Modern History on the Humanistic Science Department of KUL (Catholic University of Lublin). In December 1981, he was an active participant in the First Polish Culture Congress, which was interrupted by the enforcement of martial law in Poland. In 1983–1984 and 1986–1988, Bartoszewski lectured at the Institute of Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences at the Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich (as well as the Media Science Institute at the same university in 1989–90). He was named Visiting Professor by the Bavarian government. In 1984, he received an honorary doctorate from Hebrew College in Baltimore (USA) as well as a certificate of the recognition from the American Jewish Committee in New York.From May 1984, Bartoszewski was a full member of the Józef Piłsudski Institute of America. From 1986 he served as one of the deputy-chairmen at the Institute of Polish-Jewish Studies at the University of Oxford. In the academic year 1985 he was lecturing at the Faculty of History and Social Sciences at the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt in the Federal Republic of Germany. From 1988 to 1989, he lectured at the Institute of

masks:
Władysław Bartoszewski
Bartoszewski
Władysław


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 Political Science in the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences at the University of Augsburg. In 1992 he was appointed a member of the Independent Commission of Experts (ICE) 1992–2002 which was set up by the Swiss parliament to examine the refugee policy of the Switzerland during World War II as well as economic and financial relationships between Switzerland and Nazi Germany. Bartoszewski took part in many international conferences and seminars dedicated to the issues of World War II, the Jewish genocide, Polish-German and Polish-Jewish relationships as well as the role of Polish intellectualists in politics. He delivered a number of lectures and reports on the various international forums.Opposition activity
In 1970, due to his opposition activity and various relations in Western countries, Bartoszewski was forbidden to publish his works in Poland (until autumn 1974). He also fell victim to searches, denials of passport and distributing forgeries). In 1974, he was engaged in activity focusing on reprieving the convicted members of the  organization (among others Stefan Niesiołowski and Andrzej Czuma). In January 1976, as one of the first, Bartoszewski signed the letter of intellectualists protesting against the introduction of changes into the constitution of the People's Republic of Poland. He helped establish the Society for Educational Courses and he lectured at the "Flying University". On 21 August 1980, Bartoszewski signed the intellectuals' letter to the protesting workers from the Polish coast. During 1980/1981 he was a member of Solidarity.After announcing martial law on 13 December 1981, he was a detainee in Białołęka prison and later in the Internment Center in Jaworze at Drawsko Pomorskie Military Training Area. He was released on 28 April 1982 due to the support from intellectual communities from Poland and from abroad. In 1981, Edward Raczyński, the President of Poland in exile, proposed <mask> as his successor so Bartoszewski could become president in exile after his resignation. Raczyński, according to his own words, wanted someone from the country and not the emigre circles as well as with strong ties to the opposition in Poland. <mask>, however, graciously refused. In 1987 Raczyński's final successor, Kazimierz Sabbat, also proposed Batoszewski be nominated, but he declined. Had he accepted the position, he would have succeeded Sabbat after his sudden death in 1989.Third Republic of Poland

Diplomatic and politic activity
From September 1990 to March 1995, Bartoszewski held the position of Ambassador of the Polish Republic to Austria. On 28 April 1995, he delivered a speech during the solemn joint session of the Bundestag and Bundesrat on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the ending of World War II as the only foreign speaker. On 22 December 1995, he resigned from his office due to the end of Lech Wałęsa's presidential term. Once again, Bartoszewski became chief of Polish Internal Affairs in June 2000 in Jerzy Buzek's government. From 1997 to 2001, he was the Senator of the fourth term and the chairperson in the Office for International Affairs and European Integration. As a Senior Speaker he chaired the inaugural session of the Senate of the Republic of Poland. On 21 November 2007, Bartoszewski was named Secretary of State in the Office of the Chairman of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister Donald Tusk) and plenipotentiary for international affairs.Social and academic activity

From June 1990, Bartoszewski was chairperson of the International Council of the National Auschwitz Museum. From 1991 to 1995, he was the member of the National Council for Polish-Jewish Relations from the presidential office. From March 1995, he was the deputy chairman of the Polish PEN. In 1996, he received an honorary doctorate of the University of Wrocław. Starting in June 2001, Bartoszewski was the leader of the Council for the Protection of Memory of Combat and Martyrdom. On 27 January 2005, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, he delivered speeches as the representative of the Polish inmates of concentration camps. For many years he was a strong supporter of the Polish-Jewish and Polish-German reconciliation.Through his journalistic and academic activity he contributed to retaining the memory of the Polish Underground State, the Warsaw Uprising and the crimes of totalitarism. From 26 January to 29 June 2006, Bartoszewski headed the board of LOT Polish Airlines. He was a member of the Polish Writers' Association. He was also chairperson of the Polish Institute of International Affairs in Warsaw, but resigned from the position on 29 August 2006. The reason was that there was no reaction from then-Minister of Foreign Affairs Anna Fotyga to the accusations formulated by deputy Minister of Defense Antoni Macierewicz who alleged that most of hitherto Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the Third Republic of Poland were former agents of the Soviet special services according to files known as "fałszywkas" produced by the SB secret police. Bartoszewski's scholarly credentials were controversial. He had no university degree but used the title of "professor", suggesting that he had an academic degree.After objections from the German and Polish academic communities, the German Ministry of Foreign Affairs removed the title of "professor" before Bartoszewski's name from its web page. Despite his lack of formal academic qualifications, Bartoszewski taught graduate-level history courses at several accredited and prestigious universities, including the renowned KUL (John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin), which lists Bartoszewski as a reader in modern history (and chair of Polish Postwar History) in the Faculty of Humanities, 1973–1985, and awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008. From April 2009 he was a council member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation. In July 2010 he became a member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad. At a joint conference of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) and the Israel Council on Foreign Relations (ICFR) held in Warsaw in November 2017, ICFR director Laurence Weinbaum paid tribute to Bartoszewski and said he had played an important role in developing relations between Poland and Israel: "At a time when in certain quarters we are witness to shameless opportunism and the grotesque obfuscation of history, his legacy resonates especially strongly. Bartoszewski taught people that bellicose jingoism and intolerance should not be confused with the true love of one's country and that a society that gives way to its basest instincts is doomed to ruin." Personal life
<mask> <mask> was first married to Antonina Mijal, but that marriage ended in divorce.He later married Zofia Bartoszewska in 1967; they remained married until his death in 2015. His son, <mask> Teofil Bartoszewski, was born in 1955. He is an academic historian who has written on Polish Jewish history. He is the author of the 1991 book, The Convent at Auschwitz, George Braziller, . On 24 April 2015, Bartoszewski was admitted to a Warsaw hospital, dying shortly after arrival of a heart attack, aged 93. Flags at the parliament were lowered to half-staff in Bartoszewski's honor. Bartoszewski was survived by wife Zofia and son <mask> Teofil.Bartoszewski's funeral was on 4 May and was buried at Powązki Military Cemetery. Publications

English
1968 Warsaw Death Ring: 1939–1944, Interpres. 1969 Righteous Among Nations: How Poles Helped the Jews 1939–1945, ed. with Zofia Lewin, Earlscourt Pub, UK;, . 1970  The Samaritans: Heroes of the Holocaust, ed. with Zofia Lewin, Twayne Publishers, New York. 1988 The Warsaw Ghetto: A Christian's Testimony, Beacon Press; .1991 The Jews in Warsaw: A History, ed. with Antony Polonsky, Blackwell Publishing; . Polish
Konspiracyjne Varsaviana poetyckie 1939–1944: zarys informacyjny (Warszawa 1962)
Organizacja małego sabotażu "Wawer" w Warszawie (1940–1944) (1966)
Ten jest z Ojczyzny mojej. Polacy z pomocą Żydom 1939–1945 (oprac. wspólnie z Zofią Lewinówną; Znak 1967, 1969)
Warszawski pierścień śmierci 1939–1944 (1967, 1970; ponadto wydania w języku angielskim 1968 i niemieckim 1970)
Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1939–1949 (oprac. ; wespół z Bogdanem Brzezińskim i Leszkiem Moczulskim; Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1970)
Ludność cywilna w Powstaniu Warszawskim. Prasa, druki ulotne i inne publikacje powstańcze t. I-III (oprac.; praca zbiorowa; Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1974)
1859 dni Warszawy (introduction by Aleksander Gieysztor; bibliography of W. Bartoszewski by Zofia Steczowicz-Sajderowa; index by Zofia Bartoszewska; Znak 1974; 2nd edition expanded: 1984, )
Polskie Państwo Podziemne (inauguracyjny wykład TKN wygłoszony w Warszawie 2 XI 1979; II obieg; Niezależna Oficyna Wydawnicza NOWa 1979, 1980; OW "Solidarność" MKZ, Wrocław 1981; Komitet Wyzwolenia Społecznego 1981; Agencja Informacyjna Solidarności Walczącej, Lublin 1985)
Los Żydów Warszawy 1939–1943. W czterdziestą rocznicę powstania w getcie warszawskim (Puls, Londyn 1983; Bez Cięć 1985 [II obieg]; Międzyzakładowa Struktura "Solidarności" 1985 [II obieg]; wydanie 2 poprawione i rozszerzone: Puls 1988, ; Fakt, Łódź 1989 [II obieg])
Jesień nadziei: warto być przyzwoitym (II obieg; tł. z wydania zach.-niem. ; posłowie Reinholda Lehmanna; [Lublin]: Spotkania 1984, 1986)
Dni walczącej stolicy. Kronika Powstania Warszawskiego (Aneks, Londyn 1984; Krąg, Warszawa 1984 [II obieg]; Alfa 1989, ; Świat Książki 2004, )
Metody i praktyki Bezpieki w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu PRL (pod pseud. Jan Kowalski; II obieg; Grupy Polityczne "Wola", Ogólnopolski Komitet Oporu Robotników "Solidarność" 1985; Biuletyn Łódzki 1985; Apel 1986; Rota 1986)
Syndykat zbrodni (pod pseudonimem "ZZZ"; 1986)
Na drodze do niepodległości (Editions Spotkania, Paryż 1987, )
Warto być przyzwoitym. szkic do pamiętnika (II obieg; CDN 1988)
Warto być przyzwoitym.Teksty osobiste i nieosobiste (Polskie tłumaczenie książki pt. : Herbst der Hoffnungen: es lohnt sich, anständig zu sein; Wydawnictwo Polskiej Prowincji Dominikanów W drodze 1990, ; wydanie 2 zmienione: 2005, )
Ponad podziałami. Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady – lipiec-grudzień 2000 (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001, )
Wspólna europejska odpowiedzialność. Wybrane przemówienia i wywiady, styczeń-lipiec 2001 (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001, )
Moja Jerozolima, mój Izrael. <mask> Bartoszewski w rozmowie z Joanną Szwedowską (posłowie: Andrzej Paczkowski; Rosner i Wspólnicy 2005, )
Władysław Bartoszewski: wywiad-rzeka (rozmowy z Michałem Komarem; Świat Książki 2006, )
Dziennik z internowania. Jaworze 15 December 1981 – 19 April 1982 (Świat Książki 2006)
Pisma wybrane 1942–1957, Tom I (Universitas 2007, )

German
Die polnische Untergrundpresse in den Jahren 1939 bis 1945 (Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt, Konstanz 1967)
Das Warschauer Ghetto wie es wirklich war. Zeugenbericht eines Christen (1983; also American and English edition)
Herbst der Hoffnungen: Es lohnt sich, anständig zu sein (Herder 1983; ; 1984, ; 1986, )
Aus der Geschichte lernen?Aufsätze und Reden zur Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeschichte Polens (foreword: Stanisław Lem; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1986)
Uns eint vergossenes Blut. Juden und Polen in der Zeit der Endlösung (1987)
Polen und Juden in der Zeit der "Endlösung" (Informationszentrum im Dienste der christlich-jüdischen Verständigung, Wien 1990; )
Kein Frieden ohne Freiheit. External links

<mask> Bartoszewski – Blog
Address by the former Foreign Minister of Poland Wladislaw <mask> at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 27 January 2005 see page 156, 157
<mask> Bartoszewski – Interviews about Polish-Jewish relations
About <mask> <mask> at Yad Vashem website
 Audio recordings with <mask> <mask> in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek (Interviews and lectures in

masks: Bartoszewski Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Władysław Władysław Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski


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<mask> is a former Lead Economist (retired) of the World Bank. He directed and managed research on transparency, trade facilitation, regulation, and economic development. Mr. <mask> served in the Development Research Group of the World Bank and also in operations in the Infrastructure Vice Presidency. Background
<mask> was born in Lakewood, Ohio and graduated from The College of Wooster in 1978 where he was a seven time All American (NCAA Division III) in swimming. He graduated from Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs in New York in 1984 with a master's degree in International Affairs (MIA). Career
<mask><mask> joined the World Bank Group in 1999 and directed empirical and policy research on trade facilitation, aid effectiveness, and regulatory reform issues, as they relate to economic development. <mask> also provides expertise in Bank operations and spent two years in the Bank’s Infrastructure Vice Presidency.He participated in Bank projects under preparation and completed totaling over $1.3 billion. <mask> also provided leadership for the Bank in the establishment of the inter-agency Standards and Trade Development Facility. He also developed the initial concept for the Bank’s Trade Facilitation Facility in 2009 and is a member of the Facility’s Program Committee. <mask> is currently working with the Trade Department in the establishment of a new public-private partnership on “Aid for Trade Facilitation” for the Bank. Details can be found at https://web.archive.org/web/20081006185119/http://econ.worldbank.org/projects/trade_costs

Prior to joining the World Bank, <mask> was Vice President for Technology Policy at the Information Technology Industry Council in Washington, D.C. from 1995–99. At ITI <mask> was a corporate officer and member of the senior management team. He had management responsibility and budget responsibility for regulatory affairs standards, and technical trade barriers.During this period he was on the U.S. Steering Committee for the Transatlantic Business Dialogue and involved in preparations for extension of the Information Technology Agreement of the WTO to non-tariff barriers to trade related to standards and regulation. Mr. <mask> has also been a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics. He served as a Senior Staff Officer at the U.S. National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and National Research Council. While at the Academies, he provided leadership in establishing the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy and directed Management responsibilities include finance and supervision of professional staff. Duties included congressional, executive branch, private sector, and liaison with foreign governments. Directed several major policy studies, including; policy dialogues for the White House National Economic Council (NEC) on the economics of U.S. technology policy, the 1995 report Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century at the request of the U.S. Congress, and the "Technology and Industrial Modernization of the Mexican Economy" project.From 1989 to 1992, designed and directed the Academies’ research project on Civilian Technology. Responsible for economic analysis and writing of final report, as well as financial, and staff management. The project, requested by the U.S. Congress in the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, resulted in the book: The Government Role in Civilian Technology: Building a New Alliance, published by the National Academy Press in 1992. The report provided detailed analysis and policy recommendations related to the economic returns to government investment in civilian R&D, industrial technology development and transfer. <mask> was an Adjunct Professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service during 1993–94. He developed and taught a course on "International Technology and Corporate Strategy," Karl F. Landegger Program on International Business Diplomacy, Graduate School and also co-taught a course on “Technology Policy and Economic Competitiveness.”

Selected publications

Chapters in Books
 “Cutting Trade Costs and Improved Business Facilitation in South Asia,” with Tsunehiro Otsuki, in South Asia Growth and Regional Integration, <mask> Ahmed and Ejaz Ghani. New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. 2007
 "Trade Faciltiation Reform and International Trade.The Case of Mexico." With A. Mejia and Isidro <mask>, in A. Ortega Venzor, J.L. Paz Vega and R. Nuñez Gonzalez, eds.,Políticas Públicas para el Crecimiento y Desarrollo. Mexico City: Editorial Porrua SA de CV. 2007. "Introduction: A Review of Key Issues" with <mask>, in <mask> and <mask><mask>, eds, The WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited 2005."Trade Facilitation and Standards in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview.,” with Victor O. Abiola, in <mask><mask> and Victor Abiola, eds, Standards and Trade: A Voice for Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2003. "Balancing Risk Reduction and Benefits from Trade in Setting Standards" with Tsunehiro Otsuki, in Laurian Unnevehr, eds.,Overcoming Water Scarcity and Quality Constraints. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003. "Standards, Regulation and Trade: WTO Rules and Developing Country Concerns." In Bernard Hoekman, Philip English, Aaditiya Mattoo, eds., Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2002.“An Empirical Framework for Analyzing Technical Regulations and Trade" with Keith Maskus and Tsunehiro Otsuki, in,Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done? Keith Maskus and <mask><mask> (eds. ): University of Michigan Press. 2001. "A Review of Past Attempts and the New Policy Context,” with Keith Maskus in Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done?. Keith Maskus and <mask><mask> (eds. ): University of Michigan Press.2001. "Measuring the Effect of Food Safety Standards on African Exports to Europe." with Tsunehiro Otsuki and Mirvat <mask>h. In, eds.,The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement, Kym Anderson, Cheryl McRae and <mask> (eds.). : Centre for International Economic Studies, Adelaide and AFFA Biosecurity Australia, Canberra.. 2000. “Regulatory Reform, Trade, and Telecommunications Goods and Services,” in Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin American Perspectives (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), June 1998
 "Technical Regulations and Trade: New Developments and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum”, in <mask>. McIntyre ed., Japan’s Technical Standards: Implications for Global Trade and Competitiveness (Greenwood Publishing), 1997
 “Telecommunications Liberalization: The Goods and Services Connection” in Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Erika Wada ed., Unfinished Business: Telecommunications after the Uruguay Round (Institute for International Economics), 1997. “Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: New Developments and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum,” in R. Hooley, M. Dutta, A. Nasution, and M. Pangestu ed., Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Theory and Policy (Greenwich CT: JAI Press Inc.), 1996
 “Eliminating Barriers to Trade in Telecommunications and Information Technology Goods and Services: Next Steps in Multilateral and Regional Liberalization Efforts,” in Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), November 1996.“Technology and Industrial Modernization in Mexico," in Aspectos Tecnologicos de la Modernizacion Industrial de Mexico (Fundo de Cultura Economica), March 1995. “New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade: A Conference Summary,” with  <mask>. Godfrey and Holly Grell-Lawe,  in Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy ed., Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press), 1995. Edited volumes
 Trade Facilitation and Economic Development, Editor with Jean-Christophe Maur, Edward Elgar (forthcoming). The WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade. Editor with <mask>, Edward Elgar, 2005. Standards and Global Trade:  A Voice for Africa. Editor with Victor O. Abiola, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2003.Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done, Editor with Keith Maskus, Studies in International Economics Series, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2001. Journal articles
 “Beyond the Information Technology Agreement: Harmonization of Standards and Trade in Electronic Products” (2010) with Daniel Reyes and <mask><mask>, The World Economy (forthcoming). “EU Accession and Trade Facilitation: Setting Priorities Post-Crisis,” (2010) Harry Broadman, Xubei Luo, and <mask><mask>, Journal of International Commerce, Economics, and Policy (forthcoming). “Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: Measuring Progress and Assessing Priorities,” <mask> and <mask><mask>, Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 20 Issue 4, September 2009. “Why trade facilitation matters to Africa,” Alberto Portugal-Perez and <mask><mask>, World Trade Review, Volume 8, Issue 3, July 2009, pp. 379–416.“Help or Hindrance: The Impact of Harmonized Standards on African Exports,” Witold Czbala, <mask>, and <mask><mask>, Journal of African Economies, March 2009. “Transparency, Trade Costs, and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific” with Matthias Helble and <mask>, The World Economy, Volume 32, Issue 3, March 2009, pp. 479–508. “Trade, Transparency, and Welfare in the Asia Pacific,” with Kazutomo Abe, Journal of International Economic Studies, Vol. 12 No. 2, December 2008, pages 35–78. “Standards and Export Decisions: Firm-level Evidence from Developing Countries,” with Maggie Chen and Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Vol.17 Issue 4, pp. 501–523, January 2008. "Road Infrastructure in Europe and Central Asia: Does Network Quality Affect Trade?”  With Benjamin A.<mask>, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 2007, pp. 723–747. “Standards and Developing Country Exports: A Review of Selected Studies and Suggestions for Future Research, Journal of Agricultural Trade and International Development, Volume 4, No.1, 2007, pp. 35–45..
 "Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?”. With J. Michael Finger., Pacific Economic Review 12(3): 5–355, 2007. "Assessing the Benefits of Trade Facilitation:  A Global Perspective,” with Tsunehiro Otsuki and Catherine L. Mann, World Economy 28(6): 841–871, 2005. “To Spray or Not to Spray: Pesticides, Banana Exports, and Food Safety. "with Tsunehiro Otsuki. Food Policy 29(2): 131–146, 2004.“Balancing Food Safety and Risk: Do Drug Residue Limits Affect Trade in Beef?” with Bashali Majumdsar and Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Volume 12 (4) pp. 377–402, 2003. “Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: A New Approach to Measuring the Impact.<mask>, <mask>., Catherine Mann, and Tsunehiro Otsuki, World Bank Economic Review 17(3): 367–389, 2003. "Food Safety and Trade: Winners and Losers in a Non-Harmonized World." With Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of Economic Integration 18(2): 266–287, 2003. "Trade and Standards: A Look at Central America" with Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Barbara Kotschwar, The World Economy, Vol. 25, pp.991–1018, 2002. "Saving Two in a Billion: Quantifying the Trade Effect of European Food Safety Standards on African Exports." With Tsunehiro Otsuki and Mirvat <mask>,  Food Policy, #26, 2001. "What Price Precaution? European Harmonization of Aflatoxin Regulations and African Food Exports.”  With Tsunehior Otsuki, and Mirvat <mask>, European Review of Agricultural Economics 28, 2001. "The New Trade Agenda: Technology, Standards, and Technical Barriers," SAIS Review, 16(1), 1996. Other Publications, and Selected Working Papers and Dissemination of Research
 “Aid Effectiveness: Why Trade Facilitation is Important,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, World Bank, June 2010.“The APEC Agenda Going Forward,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, June 2010. “Highly Targeted, Policy Oriented Aid for Trade is Most Effective in Stimulating Trade Flows,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, World Bank, May 2009. “Export Performance and Trade Facilitation Reform: Hard and Soft Infrastructure” with Alberto Portugal-Perez, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No 5261, April 2010. “The Crisis and Beyond: Why Trade Facilitation Matters,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, World Bank, April 2009. “Time as a Determinant of Comparative Advantage,” with Yue Li, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No 5128, November 2009. “The Distance Effect and the Regionalization of the Trade of Low Income Countries, with Celine Carrere and Jaime de Melo, Center for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper # 7458, September 2009. “Aid for Trade Facilitation,” with Matthias Helble and Catherine Mann, World Bank Working Paper # 5064, September 2009.“Beyond the Information Technology Agreement: Harmonization of Standards and Trade in Electronics,” with Alberto Portugal-Perez, World Bank Working Paper # 4916, April 2009. “Weathering the Storm: Investing in Port Infrastructure to Lower Trade Costs in East Asia,” with Kazutumo Abe, World Bank Working Paper #4911, April 2009. "Trade Facilitation and Development,” in Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. Kenneth A. Reinert and Ramkishen S. Rajan, eds, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. "Technical Barriers to Trade,” in Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. Kenneth A. Reinert and Ramkishen S. Rajan, eds, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008. “Expanding Trade within Africa: The Impact of Trade Facilitation,” with Dominique Njinkeu and Bruno Powo Fosso, World Bank Working Paper #4790, December 2008.“Governance, Corruption, and Trade in the Asia Pacific”, with Kazutomo Abe, World Bank Working Paper #4731, 2008. “Trade Costs in Africa: Barriers and Opportunities for Reform,” with Alberto Portugal-Perez, World Bank Working Paper #4719, September 2008. “Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: Measuring Progress and Assessing Priorities,” with <mask>, World Bank Working Paper #4615, May 2008. "Transparency and Trade Facilitation in the Asia Pacific: Estimating the Gains from Reform". Barton, A.C.T. : The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, with Benjamin A., <mask> and Matthias Helble. 2007.“Trade Facilitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union,” in From Disintegration to Reintegration: Europe and the Former Soviet Union in International Trade, World Bank 2006. “Trade Facilitation Reform and Competitiveness,” Competitiveness,” with Isidro <mask> and A Mejia, in Mexico Competitiveness: Reaching its Potential, World Bank, March 2006. "Trade Facilitation: Why it Matters to APEC and What Next”, APEC Economies Newsletter, Australian National University, September 2006. "Trade Facilitation and Economic Development." World Trade Brief  46–48, 2005. “Trade and Transport Facilitation: European Accession and Capacity Building Priorities,” with  Xubei Luo and Harry G. Broadman, European Conference of Ministers of Transport and OECD Research Center, 2005. “Standards and Agricultural Trade: A Primer and Background Readings,” with <mask>. Henson, 2003 (mimeo).“Balancing Risk Reduction and Benefits from Trade in Setting Standards,”with Tsunehiro Otsuki, 2020 Vision Briefs, 10 No. 6, IFPRI, 2003. “Reducing Transport Costs in an Era of Security”, with <mask> Bagai, Carsten Fink, in Global Economic Prospects 2004: Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda- Chapter Five (The World Bank), 2003. “Trade Facilitation: A Development Perspective in the Asia-Pacific Region Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation,” with Catherine Mann, Yuen Pau Woo, Nizar Assanie and Inbom Choi, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, 2002. “Bridging the Standards Divide: Recommendations for Reform from a Development Perspective,” background paper, The World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, The World Bank, September 2001. "Agriculture in the WTO: The Role of Product Attributes in the Agricultural Negotiations”, <mask>, <mask>., Donna Roberts, Laurian Unnevehr, Julie Caswell, <mask>, Tsunehiro Otsuki, and David Orden,. International Cultural Trade Research Consortium, Commission Paper #17, 2001."The Development Challenge in Trade: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards”, Paper for the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards Committee, June 2000
 "Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC's Trade Facilitation Agenda", with Yuen Pau Woo, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada,Vancouver: APEC, 2000. “Regulatory Reform, Trade, and Telecommunications Goods and Services,” in Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin American Perspectives (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), June 1998

Selected Research Work in Process
 “Aid for Trade: Building on Progress to Date,” with Bernard Hoekman. “Pre-Shipment Inspection Programs and Trade,” with Olivier Cadot and Irina Velea. “Trade Costs and North-South Foreign Direct Investment,” with Alberto Portugal-Perez. “The WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement: Setting Benchmarks for Reform” with Benjamin Taylor, in The Doha Development Agenda, Aaditya Mattoo and William Martin eds. (in process). References

School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
21st-century American economists
World Bank people
Living people
1956 births
American officials of the United Nations

masks:
John Sullivan Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Sadiq
Soloaga
Spencer Henson
Spencer Henson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Sewade
David Wilson
John R
John M
Spencer Henson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Ben Shepherd
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Ben Shepherd
John S
. Wilson
Ben Shepherd
Shepherd
” Wilson
John S
Sewadeh
Sewadeh
Ben Shepherd
Shepherd
Soloaga
Spencer J
Shta
Wilson
John S
Ian Sheldon


texts:
<mask> (born October 22, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, writer, director, and producer. He is best known for his role as the unscrupulous lawyer Saul Goodman on the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad and its spin-off Better Call Saul, for which he received four nominations for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. He is also known for the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show with <mask> and David, which he co-created and starred in with fellow comic and friend David Cross. From the late 1980s to 1990s, Odenkirk wrote for television shows Saturday Night Live and The Ben Stiller Show, winning Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1989 and 1993. He also wrote for Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Get a Life and acted in a recurring role as Agent Stevie Grant in The Larry Sanders Show. In the early 2000s, Odenkirk discovered the comedy duo Tim & Eric and produced their television series Tom Goes to the Mayor and Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! He directed three films, Melvin Goes to Dinner (2003), Let's Go to Prison (2006), and The Brothers Solomon (2007).He was also an executive producer of the sketch comedy show The Birthday Boys, developing the show with the comedy group after seeing their work at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles. In 2015, he and David Cross reunited, along with the rest of the Mr. Show cast, for W/ Bob & David on Netflix. Odenkirk co-wrote, produced, and starred in the Netflix original film Girlfriend's Day which was released in 2017. The success of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul led to acting work in high-profile projects, such as Nebraska, directed by Alexander Payne; Fargo, written and created by Noah Hawley; The Post, directed by Steven Spielberg; Disney/Pixar's Incredibles 2, written and directed by Brad Bird; and Little Women, written and directed by Greta Gerwig. In 2021, Odenkirk starred in the action film Nobody, to positive reviews. Early life
Odenkirk was born in Berwyn, Illinois, then raised in Naperville. He is one of seven siblings born to Walter Henry <mask>, who was employed in the printing business, and Barbara Mary (Baier) <mask>, Catholics of German and Irish descent.His parents divorced in part due to Walter's alcoholism, which influenced <mask>'s decision to avoid alcohol as much as possible. He describes his father as "remote, fucked-up, and not around". Odenkirk would later say that he grew up "hating" Naperville because "it felt like a dead end, like Nowheresville. I couldn't wait to move into a city and be around people who were doing exciting things." <mask> died of bone cancer in 1986, and Barbara died on November 30, 2021. Odenkirk's younger brother is comedy writer Bill Odenkirk. <mask> had helped with Bill's early career.Odenkirk attended Naperville North High School and graduated at 16; he was "tired of high school", and because he had enough credits, he was able to leave high school when he was still a junior. Because he was so young and thought he would be awkward at any college, he decided to attend the local College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. After a year, he went to Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then transferred to Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, "honing his sketch-writing and performance skills with live shows on both colleges' radio stations". He began his foray into comedy writing as a radio DJ for WIDB, the local non-broadcast college station at SIU. At WIDB he created a late-night (midnight to 4 am) radio comedy show called The Prime Time Special. After three years of college, Odenkirk was three credits short of graduating when he decided to try writing and improv in Chicago. He completed the credits at Columbia College Chicago and received his bachelor's degree from SIU in 1984.First studying with Del Close, Odenkirk attended the Players Workshop where he met Robert Smigel, and they began a collaboration that would last for years and take Odenkirk to Saturday Night Live. He also performed at the Improv Olympic alongside notable comedians Chris Farley and Tim Meadows. Odenkirk visited Chicago's Second City Theater at the age of fourteen. He said his strongest comedic influence was Monty Python's Flying Circus, primarily due to its combination of cerebral humor and verbal slapstick, which Odenkirk characterized as “laugh-out-loud” humor. Other influences included radio personality Steve Dahl, SCTV, Steve Martin's Let's Get Small, Woody Allen, The Credibility Gap, and <mask> and Ray. Career

1980s–1990s: Saturday Night Live, writing and Mr. Show
Odenkirk was hired as a writer at Saturday Night Live in 1987 and worked there through 1991. Working alongside Robert Smigel and Conan O'Brien, he contributed to many sketches they created, but felt uncertain of the efficacy of his own writing at the show.When SNL took its 1988 summer break, <mask> returned to Chicago to perform a stage show with Smigel and O'Brien, titled Happy Happy Good Show. The following summer he did a one-man show, Show-Acting Guy, directed by Tom Gianas. During his final summer hiatus, he wrote and acted in the Second City Mainstage show, Flag Burning Permitted in Lobby Only. In that particular show, he wrote the character "Matt Foley, Motivational Speaker", for Chris Farley, which would later be reprised on SNL. He acted in several small roles on the show, most visibly during a 1990 parody commercial for Bad Idea Jeans. During his final year at SNL, he worked alongside Adam Sandler, David Spade, Chris Rock and Chris Farley, but eventually he decided to leave the show in order to pursue performing. He has credited SNL with teaching him many lessons about sketch writing, from senior writers like Jim Downey and Al Franken, as well as his friends Smigel and O'Brien.In 1991, <mask> was hired to write for the TV show Get a Life, which starred Late Night with David Letterman alumnus Chris Elliott. He wrote for The Dennis Miller Show. <mask>'s friendship with Ben Stiller, with whom he briefly shared an office at SNL, would lead to his being hired for the cast of The Ben Stiller Show in 1992. Working as both a writer and actor on the show, he created and starred in the memorable sketch "Manson Lassie", and helped the show win an Emmy Award for writing. However, the show had already been canceled by the time it won the award. Odenkirk served as a writer on Late Night with Conan O'Brien for the show's 1993 and 1994 seasons. Odenkirk met David Cross at Ben Stiller; shortly afterward, the pair began performing live sketch shows, which eventually evolved into Mr. Show with <mask> and David.In 1993, <mask> began a recurring role on The Larry Sanders Show as Larry Sanders' agent, Stevie Grant. He would continue the character through 1998. Also in 1993, he had brief acting roles on Roseanne and Tom Arnold's The Jackie Thomas Show. Odenkirk's first movie roles were very minor parts in films such as Wayne's World 2, The Cable Guy, Can't Stop Dancing and Monkeybone. Created by <mask> and David Cross, Mr. Show ran on HBO for four seasons. The series featured a number of comedians in the early stages of their careers, including Sarah Silverman, Paul F. Tompkins, Jack Black, Tom Kenny, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Brian Posehn and Scott Aukerman. While nominated for multiple Emmy awards in writing and generally well-liked by critics, it never broke out of a "cult" audience into larger mainstream acceptance due to being a premium cable show.After Mr. Show, <mask> and David and the writers from the staff wrote the movie Run, Ronnie, Run. The film was an extension of a sketch from the first season of the show. However, the studio took production control away from Cross and Odenkirk during the editing stages, and the pair disowned the final product. Early 2000s: After Mr. Show

<mask> starred in numerous television shows and some films. He has written and produced many TV pilots, including The Big Wide World of Carl Laemke and David's Situation, but none have made it to air or been picked up as a series. In 2003, <mask> directed Melvin Goes to Dinner and played the role of Keith. The film received positive reviews from critics and won the Audience Award at the SXSW Film and Music Festival.It was later self-released in five cities, then distributed on DVD by Sundance. In 2004, Odenkirk received an unsolicited package including the work of Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim. Inspired by their unique voice, he connected with them and helped them develop a semi-animated show for Adult Swim called Tom Goes to the Mayor. He assisted Tim and Eric with the development of their second series, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job. He had a number of small featuring roles on TV shows, including Everybody Loves Raymond, Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, NewsRadio,  Just Shoot Me!, Joey, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Arrested Development, Entourage, Weeds, and How I Met Your Mother. Odenkirk was considered for the role of Michael Scott in the pilot of The Office, a role that ultimately went to Steve Carell. Odenkirk finally guested in the final season of The Office as a Philadelphia manager strongly reminiscent of Michael Scott.In 2006, Odenkirk directed Let's Go to Prison, which was written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Ben Garant, and starred Will Arnett, Dax Shepard and Chi McBride. The film received a 12% "All Critics" score from the website Rotten Tomatoes and had a total box office gross of a little more than US$4.6 million. The following year Odenkirk directed The Brothers Solomon, written by Will Forte and starring Forte, Will Arnett and Kristen Wiig. The film received a 15% "All Critics" score from Rotten Tomatoes and had a total box office gross of approximately $1 million. 2009–2014: Breaking Bad

In 2009, Odenkirk joined the cast of AMC's Breaking Bad as corrupt lawyer Saul Goodman. Writer Peter Gould, as well as several others, had been quickly drawn to Odenkirk for this role based on his Mr. Show performances. The Goodman role was only intended to cover a three-episode guest spot in the second season, but Odenkirk's performance led Gould and Vince Gilligan to extend the character as an ongoing role.Odenkirk became a series regular as Goodman for the show's third through fifth and final season. In 2011, Odenkirk wrote and developed Let's Do This! for Adult Swim, starring as Cal Mackenzie-Goldberg a "two-bit movie mogul and head of Cal-Gold Pictures as he leads a collection of crazy, fame-hungry strivers chasing Hollywood dreams". The pilot can be seen on Adult Swim's website. Odenkirk executive produced the sketch comedy show The Birthday Boys, which starred the comedy group of the same name. Odenkirk also appeared in and directed a number of the sketches on the show. It premiered on IFC on October 18, 2013.In 2014, Odenkirk played Police Chief Bill Oswalt in FX's miniseries Fargo. In fall of 2014, Odenkirk played Dr. Stork, a podiatrist who specializes in cutting off people's toes, in Adult Swim's anthology series Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories. After starring in Breaking Bad, Odenkirk began to have more prominent roles in critically successful films, such as Incredibles 2, Little Women, The Post, The Disaster Artist, The Spectacular Now, which received the Special Jury Award for Acting at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, and the Alexander Payne-directed Nebraska, which was nominated for a Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. 2015–present: Better Call Saul and film work

It was reported in April 2015 that Odenkirk was teaming with former co-star David Cross to produce a new sketch comedy series based on their previous production, Mr. Show, called W/ <mask> and David. The series was commissioned by Netflix with the first season having been released in November 2015, featuring four 30-minute-long episodes, along with an hour-long behind-the-scenes special. Odenkirk and Cross both write, star in and produce the show. Odenkirk has expressed interest in doing more seasons.<mask> stars in the title role of Better Call Saul, a Breaking Bad spinoff. Primarily set in 2002, six years before the character's debut in Breaking Bad, the series follows lawyer Saul Goodman's journey from court-appointed defense attorney origins to his eventual status as a successful, though unscrupulous, criminal defense lawyer. He is also credited as a producer for the series. The first season consists of ten 47-minute-long episodes, with a second and third season of ten episodes apiece following in early 2016 and 2017, respectively. The fourth season was available on Netflix as of February 9, 2020, and the fifth season premiered on AMC on February 23, 2020. The show will have a final sixth season, which started production in February 2020 but delayed due to COVID-19, is expected to air in the first quarter of 2022. <mask> has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for four of the series' five seasons.Odenkirk co-wrote, produced and starred in Girlfriend's Day, a Netflix original film. This film-noir comedy about a greeting card writer was directed by Michael Stephenson and influenced by Chinatown. It was a movie Odenkirk had wanted to make for 16 years, after Mr. Show writer Eric Hoffman sent him the original script and they began developing it. In April 2020, with the end of Better Call Saul in sight, Odenkirk established his own production company Cal-Gold Pictures and signed a first-look deal with Sony Pictures Television. Odenkirk, with Cal-Gold, plans to develop stories that are unique, with dynamic characters and social relevance. Former Comedy Central vice president Ian Friedman will serve as Cal-Gold's head of television. In March 2021, Odenkirk starred as Hutch Mansell in the action-thriller film Nobody, which opened at number one at the US box office, with $6.7 million in ticket sales.Personal life
He was linked romantically to fellow comedian, actress, and writer Janeane Garofalo in the early 1990s, who introduced him to Mr. Show with <mask> and David co-creator David Cross. In 1997, Odenkirk married Naomi Yomtov, who was later the executive producer of W/ <mask> and David. They have two children. Discussing costume choices on Better Call Saul, Odenkirk stated he has a bit of color blindness, and leaves it to the costume department to select the right outfits for his roles. On December 15, 2019, Odenkirk's alma mater SIU announced it had awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Performing Arts. On July 27, 2021, Odenkirk was hospitalized in New Mexico after having what he described as a "small heart attack" on the set of the sixth season of Better Call Saul. Eleven days later, on August 7, Odenkirk reported that he was "doing great" and would "be back soon", and on September 8 he reported he had returned to work.Filmography

Bibliography

Awards and nominations

References
Notes

Further reading

External links

1962 births
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American music video directors
American people of Dutch descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American sketch comedians
American television writers
Comedians from Illinois
Comedy film directors
Living people
Male actors from Illinois
American male television writers
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Screenwriters from Illinois
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Writers from Naperville, Illinois

masks:
Robert John Odenkirk
Bob
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Walter Odenkirk
Bob
Bob
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Bob


texts:
<mask> (born October 14, 1992) is an American singer who gained popularity on YouTube. Outen began posting videos of herself singing on YouTube in March 2007 along with Angelika Vee and Esmée Denters. In 2010 she collaborated with Boyce Avenue on their sixth acoustic album, New Acoustic Sessions. She appeared in the 85th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on November 24, 2011. Music
Outen has been asked to sing the National Anthem at many professional sports venues, including the Oakland Raiders, Los Angeles Dodgers, Anaheim Angels, Seattle Mariners, Seattle SuperSonics, Seattle Storm, and the Portland Beavers. From 2002 to 2006 she was a member of the Junior BlazerDancers dance group. In 2006, she won the youth talent contest at the Washington County Fair in her hometown.In fall 2007, Keith Thomas of Levosia Entertainment signed Outen to a recording and management contract. <mask>'s first single from the three demo CD released by Levosia Entertainment was "Goodbyes". That song drew comparisons to Carrie Underwood and Britney Spears from MTV's Pop Cultured. Outen's first video was a cover of the song "Listen" from the motion picture Dreamgirls. On May 31, 2008, Outen's first single, "Goodbyes", was featured on Radio Disney's Music Mailbag. She received a 95% pick and on June 2, the song was added to the Radio Disney playlist. Within two weeks, it debuted at #28 on the Top 30 Countdown, charting for 18 straight weeks and peaking at #5, making it the highest rated song an unsigned artist has ever achieved on Radio Disney.Her latest song, "Fighting For My Life", was on the music mailbag on October 31, 2009 and got a 98% pick by listeners. She reached 19 million views on her YouTube account by October 2008. <mask> removed her cover songs from YouTube on March 17, 2009, due to concerns over copyright violations but returned them a short time later. On April 3, 2009, the music video to her second single, "If You Only Knew" was posted on YouTube. It was directed by Mason Dixon, who also directed her first music video for "Goodbyes", and starred Disney Channel's Tony Oller (As The Bell Rings) as "Cas". It has since garnered more than 4 million views. In December 2009, clothing designed by Outen for Primp Girl went on sale, with the profits from the sales given to a charity selected by Outen.Biography
<mask> was born on October 14, 1992 to Barry and <mask>. Outen's hometown is Hillsboro, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. There she attended Century High School, but as of 2009 is home schooled by her parents, Barry and <mask>. She graduated early. At age 12, Outen made it to the finals of "America's Best New Talent." "Goodbyes" was released in 2008 on iTunes. She wrote "Goodbyes" during her middle school graduation about a friend who was moving to a different high school from her."So What" and "Tell Me It's True" were recorded by a Local Producer and are in a Universal Records Music Catalog. According to her parents, they were supposed to be used as Demos for record labels. But according to her ex-manager, Keith Thomas, he received acoustic versions of 3 songs: "Goodbyes", "Unlock The Door" (later a free single at her extinct website SavannahOfficial.com) and "My Dream Is". "Goodbyes" is on Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 11. It peaked 5 at Radio Disney Countdown, making her the first unsigned artist to reach this position at that radio. It got a music video directed by Mason Dixon, shot in Nashville."Fighting for My Life" was on Radio Disney music mailbag and got picked with 95% approval. <mask> appeared in the first five Rising Stars Webshow episodes, part of the popular online Radio Disney fansite, Radio Disney Club. One out of five episodes are currently online, after the club was hacked. <mask> posted about the webshow on her Twitter page the night it debuted and two weeks later. A cover of the song "No Place Like Here" from the straight to DVD film "Quest for Zhu" (which was served as the film's theme song) can be heard on the film's official soundtrack as a Bonus Track. <mask> appeared on the Radio Disney Club on November 25, 2011, in celebration of their fourth birthday, in a follow-up interview. Billboard's website visitors named <mask> as one of the six finalists to perform at the Billboard 2012 Battle of the Bands.She performed on May 18, 2012 in the showdown alongside her competition Saints of Valory, Patent Pending, After the Smoke, Take the Day, and Doe Eye, but did not win. Outen also made a small cameo appearance in the December 2012 Judd Apatow movie This is 40. Filmography

Film

Other roles

Discography

Albums
2010: Inception
2012: Sing To Me (EP)

Cover albums
2012: The Covers, Volume I
2012: The Covers II
2012: The Covers, Volume III
2012: Josh Golden & <mask>en Covers (EP)
2013: The Covers IV
2013: The Covers V
2013: The New Velvet & Savannah Outen (EP)
2013: The Covers VI
2014: The Covers VII

Singles
2008: Unlock The Door
2008: Goodbyes
2009: A Greater Treasure Than A Friend
2009: If You Only Knew
2009: Hope And Prayer
2009: Fighting For My Life
2010: Be Original
2010: The Song Of Christmas Time
2010: Magical Season (feat. Anna Golden)
2011: Tonight With You (with Josh Golden)
2011: No Place Like Here
2012: I've Got You
2012: Remember Me (with Jake Coco)
2013: Brave & True (for Music is Medicine)
2013: Fairytales Of L.A
2014: Closure
2015: Boys
2017: Coins
2018: Sad in the Summer
2018: Shortcut
2018: Christmas (Baby Please Come Home)
2019: The Hard Way
2019: Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
2020: A Puro Dolor (with Lionel Ferro)
2020: Never Be New York
2020: Lonely Together (The Quarantine Song)
2021: What Are We
2021: What Are We (Acoustic version)
2021: Wish I Didn't Know

Unreleased songs
My Dream Is
Tell Me It's True
Something To Say
I Like Boys
That's News To Me

Soundtracks
2008: Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 11 (with Goodbyes)
2009: Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure (with A Greater Treasure Than A Friend)
2010: DisneyMania 7 (with Little Wonders)
2010: The Karma Club (Original Book Soundtrack) (with Kick Her to the Curb, Can't Take It Back and Take Pity)

Music videos
2008: Goodbyes directed by Mason Dixon
2009: If You Only Knew directed by Mason Dixon
2011: Tonight With You directed by Joe Fahey
2011: No Place Like Here
2012: Fairytales Of L.A. directed by Julien Garros and Jake Coco
2013: Closure directed by Jade Ehlers and Wade Yamaguchi
2015: Boys directed by Sherif Higazy
2018: Sad in the Summer directed by Roxana Baldovin
2018: Shortcut
2019: The Hard Way directed by Ryan Espinosa
2019: Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
2021: Wish I Didn't Know

References

American women pop singers
Living people
Musicians from Hillsboro, Oregon
Internet memes
Singers from Oregon
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women

masks:
Savannah Paige Outen
Savannah
Outen
Savannah Outen
Lisa Outen
Lisa Outen
Savannah
Savannah
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Savannah Out


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<mask> (October 10, 1899 – February 12, 1966) was a German economist and social critic, best known as one of the spiritual fathers of the social market economy. A Professor of Economics, first in Jena, then in Graz, Marburg, Istanbul, and finally Geneva, Switzerland, <mask> theorised and collaborated to organise the post-World War II economic re-awakening of the war-wrecked German economy, deploying a program sometimes referred to as the sociological neoliberalism (compared to ordoliberalism, a more sociologically inclined variant of German liberalism). With Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow (sociological neoliberalism) and Walter Eucken and Franz Böhm (ordoliberalism) he elucidated the ideas, which then were introduced formally by Germany's post-World War II Minister for Economics Ludwig Erhard, operating under Konrad Adenauer's Chancellorship. <mask> and his colleagues' economic influence therefore is considered largely responsible for enabling Germany's post-World War II "economic miracle". <mask> was also a historian and was nominated to the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965. <mask>'s opposition to the German National Socialist regime led him (with his family) in 1933 to emigrate to Istanbul, Turkey, where he taught until 1937, before accepting a position at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he lived until his death, in 1966. Work
In his youth, <mask> was first inspired by socialism and afterwards by the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises.Despite this, the post-World War II economic liberation enabling Germany to once again lead Europe, which <mask> and his allies (Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow) were the intellectual muscle behind, occurred by implementing policy divergent to that advocated by Ludwig von Mises. Though the two men shared some beliefs in certain areas, Röpke & co. instead formed the school of ordoliberalism and advocated free trade but with more central bank and state influence than what Austrian School economists suggest is required. Unlike many mainstream Austrian School economists, <mask> and the ordoliberalists conceded that the market economy can be more disruptive and inhumane unless intervention is permitted a role to play. Following Alexander Rüstow, <mask> concluded that free markets' vaunted efficiency and affluence can exact social and spiritual forfeits. In consequence, he envisioned a positive and more extensive role for the state, as rulemaker, enforcer of competition, and provider of basic social security. During the Great Depression, <mask> argued in Crises and Cycles that a secondary deflation had to be combated through a fiscal reflation. It has been argued that the secondary deflation essentially is the same phenomenon that Taiwanese-American economist Richard C. Koo in later years has denoted as a balance sheet recession.In spite of this, however, <mask> remained a political decentralist and rejected Keynesian economics, deriding it as "a typically intellectual construction that forgets the social reality behind the integral calculus". For <mask>, rights and moral habits (Sitte) were key elements which the Central Bank and State (opposed to the Market-Economy) needed to subtly help organise. With a "conforming" social, economic, and financial policy, the task of which is to protect the weak "beyond the market," to equalize interests, set rules of the game, and limit market power, <mask> strove for an economic order of "economic humanism," something which he also referred to as the "Third Way." <mask> stood for a society and social policy in which human rights are given the highest importance. He believed that individualism must be balanced by a well-thought-out principle of sociality and humanity. Significantly, <mask>'s economic thought is highly congruent with Catholic social teaching. As he grew older, <mask> increasingly appreciated the overall, general benefits of a society that embraces spirituality, particularly in contrast to societies where spirituality is marginalized or demonized.<mask> is also known for his pro-apartheid views on South Africa. In 1964, he published South Africa: An Attempt at a Positive Appraisal, which argued that apartheid was justified because the ‘South African Negro’ was not only of ‘an utterly different race’ but ‘a completely different type and level of civilisation’. Taking a position opposed to many Western governments, <mask> also supported the 1965 unilateral declaration of independence of Rhodesia, the racially-segregated southern African territory, from the British Empire. Influence
In particular, from 1930 to 1931, <mask> served on a government commission examining unemployment and, from 1947 to 1948, he served on Germany's post-World War II currency reform council. Furthermore, <mask> personally advised the Chancellor of (post-World War II) West Germany, Konrad Adenauer, and his Minister of Economics, Ludwig Erhard up until the late 1950s, and therefore is credited with contributing the intellectual backbone of the now famous German Economic "Miracle". Occupying West Germany following the conclusion of World War II, the Western Allies (the US, Britain, and France) had continued to implement an economic policy of rationing as well as wage and price controls, coupled with the continued excessive printing of paper money. Production consequently collapsed and prominent businessmen once again became unwilling to accept the (relatively) worthless currency, triggering widespread shortages and the mainstreaming of a grey-market barter economy.<mask>'s The Solution to the German Problem (1947) illuminated the negative implications of the Western Allies' continuing of Hitler's economic policies. Instead, <mask> proposed abolishing price controls and replacing the reichsmark with a sound, more trustworthy currency. Accordingly, price and wage controls were then incrementally abolished and on June 21, 1948, the new Deutsche Mark was introduced. These long-range policy initiatives, however, spawned some civil unrest immediately following their implementation because of a consequent increase in unemployment. Despite these disturbances and stoically supported by <mask>'s learned newspaper writings, the Minister of Economics Ludwig Erhard persevered with foresight, and this eventually amounted to "a great personal vindication for <mask>": <mask> and his allies had "made West Germany immune to communism". He was president of the Mont Pelerin Society from 1961 to 1962. But as a result of a long quarrel with Friedrich August von Hayek he stepped down and terminated his membership in it.Works
 Crises and Cycles (1936)
 International Economic Disintegration (1942)
 Civitas Humana (1944)
 The German Question (1946)
 The Social Crisis of Our Time (1950)
 International Order and Economic Integration (1959)
 A Humane Economy: The Social Framework of the Free Market (1960)
 Economics of the Free Society (1963)
 Against the Tide (1969); posthumous essay collection
 Two Essays by <mask> (1987)

See also
 Contributions to liberal theory
 Liberalism
 Liberalism in Germany

References

Further reading

External links
 <mask>'s Political Economy by Samuel Gregg
 The Social Market Economy – U.S. Library of Congress
 "How Different Were Ropke and Mises?" by Ivan Pongracic
 A biography of Röpke – by Shawn Ritenour
 <mask> – Library Collections (including his entire correspondence in original) – Library of the Institute for Economic Policy, University of Cologne, Germany
 <mask> – Library Collections (German Page) – Library of the Institute for Economic Policy, University of Cologne, Germany
 "<mask>öpke: A Centenary Appreciation" by Richard M. Ebeling ("The Freedom: Ideas on Liberty," October 1999)

 Obituary, by Ludwig von Mises

1899 births
1966 deaths
20th-century scholars
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Emigrants from Nazi Germany to Switzerland
European conservative liberals
German anti-communists
German economists
German expatriates in Turkey
German male non-fiction writers
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies faculty
Istanbul University faculty
Ordoliberalism
People from Heidekreis
University of Marburg faculty

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<mask> (; born 1961) is an American lawyer and diplomat from California. A longtime friend of President Barack Obama, Bleich joined the White House staff in March 2009 as Special Counsel to the President and was nominated later that year to become United States Ambassador to Australia. Bleich served as ambassador from 2009 to 2013. After stepping down from his post, he returned to the United States and became a partner and group CEO at the Dentons law firm in San Francisco, and ran in the primary for Lieutenant Governor of California in the 2018 election, before being appointed as a special master for multi-district litigation for the U.S. District Court. Early life and education
<mask> was born at the U.S. 98th Army Hospital in Germany and grew up in the U.S. state of Connecticut. He graduated from Hall High School in West Hartford, Connecticut. Bleich graduated from Amherst College magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1983.<mask> was admitted to study at Harvard University but deferred for a year to take a public policy fellowship at the Coro Foundation in St. Louis, Missouri, where he became involved in juvenile justice issues. At Harvard, Bleich went to the John F. Kennedy School of Government as a 1986 John F. Kennedy Fellow, graduating with a Master of Public Policy. <mask> attended the University of California, Berkeley School of Law and received his J.D. in 1989. He was editor-in-chief of the California Law Review and Order of the Coif. He received a Certificate of Study in Public and Private International Law from the Hague Academy of International Law, Netherlands in 1993. Bleich also holds three honorary degrees.In May 2011, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from San Francisco State University. In 2014, Flinders University in Adelaide, South Australia awarded him the honorary Degree of Doctor of the University. Griffith University in Queensland, Australia awarded Bleich the honorary Degree of Doctor of the University in 2019. Legal career
<mask> served as a law clerk to Judge Abner J. Mikva of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from 1989 to 1990 and to Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1990 to 1991. He was legal assistant to Judge Howard M. Holtzmann of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal at The Hague from 1991 to 1992, and Special Rapporteur to the Permanent Court of Arbitration. <mask> joined the Los Angeles-headquartered firm Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP in 1992, and was made partner three years later, in December 1995. His practice there was focused primarily on general civil litigation, with emphasis on complex litigation, appellate practice, media law, communications law, and intellectual property.<mask> was recognized as one of the Top 100 Lawyers in California by the Daily Journal, as California Attorney of the Year by California Lawyer, and as one of America's leading "Bet the Company" lawyers by Best Lawyers. Bleich has also been recognized for his pro bono service to immigrants, homeless and foster youth, veterans, victims of gun violence, survivors of domestic abuse, human rights organizations, religious and racial minorities, gay and lesbian servicemembers, journalists, native Americans, detainees, and others victims of discrimination. These include the Peter Haas Public Service Medal from University of California, Berkeley, the ABA Pro Bono Publico Award, the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights Robert Sproul Award, the American Jewish Committee Learned Hand Award, the One Justice Attorney of the Year Award, and the Ruth Bader Ginsburg Award for Excellence in the Legal Profession, among others. From 1993-2006 Bleich served as an adjunct lecturer in law at Berkeley Law, teaching constitutional law and upper-level seminar courses in international human rights, habeas corpus, and appellate advocacy. Bleich served as president of the State Bar of California from 2007 to 2008. He was also president of the San Francisco Bar Association in 2003, and served as President of the Barristers Club of San Francisco, Chair of Legal Services for Children, Co-Chair of the Lawyers Committee for Civil Rights for the SF Bay Area. <mask> was elected to the American Law Institute in 2003 and served as chair of the American Bar Association Amicus Curiae Committee from 2006-2009.He also served on an ABA subcommittee on corporate social responsibility and on the ABA Section on International Law. in addition to the Edward J. McFetridge American Inn of Court. He has written over 100 articles and served on some 20 different boards, including the boards of Human Rights Watch and Legal Community Against Violence as well as the Boalt Hall Alumni Association and the Legal Aid Society of San Francisco. In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed <mask> as Special Counsel to the President in the White House. Among his tasks was to address confirmation and personnel issues and to advise on other sensitive matters. He moderated a discussion on human rights in the new administration at the 2009 American Bar Association's Section of International Law Spring Meeting in April 2009. Bleich returned to legal practice in 2014.Following the end of his diplomatic service, <mask> rejoined the partnership at the San Francisco office of Munger, Tolles & Olson. In 2016, <mask> joined Dentons LLP and became group CEO. <mask>'s practice focused on cybersecurity, trade, and international disputes, as well as on-pro bono work., He was selected in 2014, 2015, and 2016 as one of the leading 500 Lawyers in the U.S. Serving pro bono, he obtained posthumous admission to the California Bar for a Chinese national, Hong Yen Chang, in a petition addressing the unlawful exclusion of Chinese in the 1890s, leading the Court to "right this historic wrong." Bleich also successfully represented a victim of domestic violence in an action against her abuser in a second unanimous decision by the California Supreme Court. In 2016, he was profiled by LawDragon as one of the "rock stars" of law. <mask> was appointed Special Master for the United States District Court in a multi-district litigation dispute involving international price fixing, and also has served as a neutral in high-stakes technology disputes, including mediating a $650 million settlement the In re Facebooks Biometrics case.Bleich joined Cruise LLP, the autonomous vehicle company backed by GM, Honda, Softbank, Microsoft, Walmart, and T. Rowe Price as Chief Legal Officer in 2020. Higher Education and Academic Positions
Bleich served on the board of trustees of California State University, from 2004 to 2009. He served as vice chair from 2006 to 2008 and as chair from 2008 to 2009. From 2014-2020, Bleich served as a member of the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board and as the Board Chair from 2016-2019. Bleich serves on the Board of Stanford's Center for the Advanced Study of Behavioral Sciences. He was elected to the board of his alma mater Amherst College in 2017. Bleich is an adjunct professor at the University of Sydney's United States Studies Centre.In 2018, Flinders University named Professor <mask> a Professorial Fellow at it College of Business, Government and Law. U.S. Ambassador to Australia
Prior to being selected by President Obama to serve as U.S. Ambassador, Bleich had been a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations the Pacific Council on International Policy, the International Law Association, and a member of the Advisory Board of the American Society of International Law,

The Senate confirmed Bleich to be United States Ambassador to Australia in a voice vote on November 10, 2009. His diplomatic credentials were accepted by the Governor-General of Australia, Quentin Bryce, on November 24, 2009. <mask>'s term in Australia was marked by the U.S. "rebalance" to the Asia-Pacific, with Australia being the focal point for that shift. <mask> joined President Obama at the announcement of the rebalance at a special sitting of Parliament in Canberra before traveling with Obama to Darwin, Northern Territory.Other key achievements included overseeing record growth in trade between the U.S. and Australia, bringing the Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty into force, establishing new alliance agreements for satellites and cyber, executing a new space cooperation agreement that supported the Mars Curiosity rover landing, leading joint U.S.-Australia efforts in Afghanistan's Oruzgan province, and promoting regional efforts to reduce domestic violence. For his service, Bleich received numerous awards, including the highest civilian honors awarded by the U.S. Secretary of the Navy and Director of National Intelligence. In 2013, he received the State Department's highest award for a non-career ambassador, the Sue M. Cobb Prize for Exemplary Diplomatic Service. Former Prime Minister Paul Keating called Bleich "the best U.S. Ambassador ever sent to Australia" at the John Curtin Lecture in Perth. The Australian called Bleich "Obama’s Superman." Other Involvement in Politics

During the Clinton administration, Bleich served as director of the White House Council on Youth Violence, formed during the aftermath of the Columbine High School massacre.<mask> met Barack Obama almost 20 years before <mask> was nominated to become U.S. Ambassador to Australia, when Bleich tried to recruit Obama to become a law clerk to Abner Mikva. The two later became friends. <mask> was in attendance during Obama's keynote address at the 2004 Democratic National Convention and shared breakfast with him two days later. During Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, <mask> was a founding member and co-chair of Obama's national finance committee, co-chair of Obama's higher education advisory board, and California co-chair. He donated to Hillary Clinton and raised funds for her to retire her campaign's debt after the Democratic primary. <mask> joined the White House team in March 2009, serving as Special Counsel to the President until his nomination as Ambassador.Bleich served on the Asia Policy and Cybersecurity Policy teams for Secretary Hillary Clinton, and was a member of National Security Leaders for Biden in 2020 Presidential Campaign. and his National Finance Committee. On May 30, 2017, <mask> formally launched his campaign to become the 50th lieutenant governor of the U.S. state of California. He lost in the Democratic primary to Eleni Kounalakis who went on to be elected lieutenant governor on November 6, 2018. Post-diplomatic career and <mask> Centre
Bleich is the Chair of the Board of Nuix, a publicly traded company on the ASX. Nuix produces forensics and information integrity software that was used in the Panama Papers investigation. It was the largest tech IPO of any company on the ASX in 2020 and one of the largest tech IPOs ever on the ASX.<mask> previously served as Chair of the Board of PG&E Company during its bankruptcy proceedings from April 2019 to May 2020. <mask> joined PG&E as part of an interim Board to restructure the company following its liability exposure for fires associated with PG&E equipment in 2017 and 2018. Bleich participated in PG&E's reparations to all wildfire victims, the company's acknowledgement of criminal wrong-doing, and its successful emergence from Bankruptcy. In 2018, Flinders University in Adelaide established the <mask> Centre for the U.S. Alliance in Digital Technology, Security, and Governance in recognition of Bleich's work in this field. Bleich serves on the Centre's Advisory Board and as a member of the faculty. Bleich served on the Fulbright Foreign Scholarship Board after being appointed by President Obama in November 2014, and was later elected Vice-Chair and then Chair for three successive terms. Bleich currently served by appointment of former Secretary of State John Kerry on the Board of the East West Center as a member of the executive committee from 2017-2021.In California, then-Governor Jerry Brown appointed Bleich to the Governor's International Trade and Investment Advisory Council., and then-Attorney General Kamala Harris appointed Bleich to serve on her Blue Ribbon Cyber-Exploitation Panel. Bleich also Chaired Governor Brown's judicial selection advisory committee for the selection of judges from 2014-2018. Bleich was appointed by Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye to serve as Vice-Chair of the Rules Revision Commission for the State Bar. Bleich has served on a number of other private company and non-profit Boards since 2014, including RAND Australia, the Pratt Family Advisory Board, Futures Without Violence, the World Affairs Council, the American Security Project, Verified Voting, the San Francisco Symphony, the Folger Shakespeare Library, and the Sorensen Center for International Peace and Justice. Family and personal life
Bleich's wife is Rebecca Pratt "Becky" <mask>, and they have three children, Jake, Matthew and Abby. He collects Elvis Presley memorabilia. <mask> is a baseball fan who represents Willie Mays and serves on the Board of the Say Hey Foundation.In Australia, he regularly attended home games of the Canberra Cavalry Australian Baseball League team, normally in association with the American-Australian Association. See also
Ambassadors of the United States

References

External links

Official Campaign Site
Official profile from Munger, Tolles & Olson LLP
Official page on Facebook
Official biography from the State Department Bureau of Public Affairs

1961 births
Ambassadors of the United States to Australia
20th-century American Jews
Amherst College alumni
California lawyers
Connecticut lawyers
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States
Living people
People from West Hartford, Connecticut
UC Berkeley School of Law alumni
California Democrats
People associated with Munger, Tolles & Olson
Hall High School (Connecticut) alumni
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Jeffrey Laurence Bleich
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Jeff Bleich
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Jeff Bleich
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