texts:
<mask> (14 January 1830 – 10 January 1912) was a winemaker in the McLaren Vale, South Australia. He has been called the "Father of the South Australian Wine Industry". History
<mask> was born in Gittisham in Devon. He and Joanna Holbrook, whom he later married, arrived in South Australia on the British Empire on 14 August 1850. While on the voyage he acted as schoolmaster to the boys on board, while one Mrs. J. Gillard is reported as having taught the girls, however that name does not appear on passenger lists. He soon found work with John Reynell at Reynella Farm, and learned much of winemaking from the German fellow-workers. After two years he left for the goldfields of Victoria, where he was quite successful working with a butcher and droving cattle to the diggings from Yankalilla.He then started work on a station near Normanville. In 1853 he purchased a property of  on the River Torrens which he called "Bankside", now Underdale, near the present Hardys Road. In 1854 he planted  of fruit trees, mainly oranges, and  of Shiraz vines which he enlarged in 1856, then added an acre of Muscatel table grapes in 1861. He made his first wine in 1857 and exported two hogsheads to England in 1859, one of the first exports of wine from South Australia. By 1863 his vineyards covered  of Grenache, Mataro, Muscat, Roussillon, Shiraz and Zante grapes. He also purchased grapes from other vignerons in the Adelaide area. By 1879 his vintage had reached 27,000 gallons (100,000 litres).He purchased "Brookside" of  at Marion, South Australia in April 1862, planted it with grapes and put John Western in charge. Western was followed in 1884 by son-in-law Arthur Quick, who took it over in 1910. In 1874 <mask>, with A. M. Bickford and Sons, W. N. Crowder and others founded a bottle works in Chief Street, Brompton which began production in 1875, and eventually became the South Australian Glass Works Co. Ltd. The Tintara winery at McLaren Vale was built by Dr. Alexander Charles Kelly and purchased by <mask> in 1877 and was used for wine production until 1927. In 1878 or 1879 he expanded his McLaren Vale holding by purchasing a disused flour mill and the Bellevue Hotel (both of which still stand). He started Adelaide's first wine bar. In 1881 he built a four-storey warehouse, head office and bottling cellars "Tintara House" (demolished 1961) at 87–89 Currie Street.In 1887 he founded Thomas Hardy and Sons Ltd. with his three sons James J<mask>, <mask>. <mask> and Robert B<mask>, and Joseph Rowe Osborn. <mask> planted specimens of various grape varieties at Adelaide Botanic Gardens, but these were subsequently removed to provide more open space for recreation purposes. He founded a jam manufacturing company with premises at Dequetteville Terrace later occupied by Adelaide Malting and Brewing Company and now a block of luxury apartments. The Mile End cellars were built in 1893. Around this time Thomas Hardy and Sons were South Australia's largest wine producers. The Bankside winery was destroyed by fire in 1904. It was not rebuilt.He oversaw the destruction of a Geelong, Victorian vineyard infected with Phylloxera and was a prime mover in writing the Phylloxera Act of 1879. Later developments
Around 1910 management of the company passed to his son Robert, followed in 1928 by Robert's nephew (<mask>' grandson) <mask> <mask>. Bankside was sold to F. G. Gill. The homestead was demolished in 1962. In 1976 the company acquired Emu Wines with a high export profile and vineyards in Western Australia. Hardy's had  at McLaren Vale and other vineyards at Dorrien, Keppoch and Waikerie. Personal
Member of the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society for many years, and in 1904 was elected president.Member of the Chamber of Manufactures
Member of the Agricultural Bureau
Member of the West Torrens School Board of Advice
Member of the Winegrowers Association
Member of the West Torrens Council

Family
His sister Martha (ca. 1830 – 25 May 1909) married Frederick Stoward. In 1854 he married Joanna or Johanna Holbrook (ca. 1827 – 24 January 1868). He married a second time, to his cousin <mask> (ca. 1834 – 27 November 1886) of Colyton, Devon on 29 September 1869. His children included:

Anna Elizabeth (3 January 1854 – 15 May 1931), a nurse, was her father's aide and companion.James Joseph "Jim" (30 October 1855 – 14 June 1904)
Caroline Adelaide (1857 – 5 June 1885) married Arthur Quick of "Brookside", <mask> Nathaniel "Tom" (ca. 1862 – 15 June 1911) married J. L. "Louie" Mayfield ( – 12 October 1910) of "Ivanhoe", Kensington on 12 November 1889
<mask> ( – )
Tom Mayfield <mask> (ca. 1892 – 25 October 1938) Chairman and managing director 1924–1938. Killed near Mount Dandenong in crash of plane "Kyeema" with Hugo Gramp of Orlando and Sydney Hill Smith of Yalumba wineries
<mask> (29 November 1932 – )
Robert Burrough "Bob" ( – 16 August 1927) married Esther Lavinia Simpson of Gilberton on 5 January 1893. Managing director 1912–1924. Robert Cyril (26 June 1894 – 7 May 1917 died in action, France)
<mask> <mask> (23 May 1900 – 13 November 1970) managing director 1938 to 1965; succeeded by <mask> <mask> Mary (ca. October 1877 – 30 July 1878)
youngest daughter Eliza J<mask> ( – 3 March 1911) married William V. Anstis of Ballarat, Victoria

Recognition
At the Adelaide Exhibition of 1881 he was awarded a trophy valued at 100 guineas awarded by Sir Edwin Smith for the "exhibit of greatest national importance to the State".Sources
Bishop, Geoffrey C. The Vineyards of Adelaide Lynton publications, Blackwood, South Australia
O'Neill, Sally, '<mask>, <mask> (1830–1912)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hardy-thomas-3716/text5767, accessed 7 September 2012. References

External links
 http://www.hardys.com.au/pages/hardys/hardys.jsp

Australian winemakers
1830 births
1912 deaths
People from East Devon District
English emigrants to Australia

masks:
Thomas Hardy
Thomas Hardy
Hardy
Hardy
. Hardy
Thomas N
Hardy
. Hardy
Hardy
Thomas
Thomas Mayfield
Hardy
Eliza Hardy
Marion Thomas
Dorothy Hardy
Hardy
James Hardy
Kenneth Thomas
Hardy
Thomas Walter
Hardy Gertrude
. Hardy
Hardy
Thomas


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; 17 January 1501 – 10 May 1566), sometimes spelled <mask>, was a German physician and botanist. His chief notability is as the author of a large book about plants and their uses as medicines, a herbal, which was first published in 1542 in Latin. It has about 500 accurate and detailed drawings of plants, which were printed from woodcuts. The drawings are the book's most notable advance on its predecessors. Although drawings had been used in other herbal books, <mask>'s herbal book proved and emphasized high-quality drawings as the most telling way to specify what a plant name stands for. The botanical genus Fuchsia is named in his honour and consequently the colour fuchsia. Biography
<mask> was born in 1501 in Wemding in the Duchy of Bavaria.After attending a school in Heilbronn, <mask> enrolled at the University of Erfurt. In 1521 he became Magister Artium at the University of Ingolstadt, and received his medical doctorate there in 1524. From 1524 to 1526, he practised as a doctor in Munich, until he received a chair of medicine at the University of Ingolstadt in 1526. From 1528 to 1531, he was the personal physician of Georg, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach in Ansbach. <mask> was called to Tübingen by Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg in 1533 to help in reforming the University of Tübingen in the spirit of humanism. He created its first medicinal garden in 1535 and served as chancellor seven times, spending the last thirty-one years of his life as professor of medicine. <mask> died in Tübingen in 1566.For the 500th anniversary of his birth, a glass and steel pavilion was opened in 2001 in the Botanischer Garten der Universität Tübingen. Scientific views
Like his medieval predecessors and his contemporaries, <mask> was heavily influenced by the three Greek and Roman writers on medicine and materia medica, Dioscorides, Hippocrates, and Galen. He wanted to fight the Arab hegemony in medicine, as it had been transmitted by the Medical School of Salerno, and to "return" to the Greek authors. But he saw the importance of practical experience as well and offered botanical field days for the students, where he demonstrated the medicinal plants in situ. He founded one of the first German botanical gardens. Eponymy (proper name)
Fuchs' name is preserved by the plant Fuchsia, discovered in the Dominican Republic in the Caribbean in 1696/97 by the French scientist and Minim monk Charles Plumier. He published the first description of " Fuchsia triphylla, flore coccineo" in 1703.It is sometimes thought that the color fuchsia is also named for Fuchs, but that derives from fuchsine, an early trade name for the dye rosaniline hydrochloride, which produces a brilliant pink-purple color. Magenta is another competing trade name for the same dye in England. The dye was given the name of fuchsine in France by its original manufacturer Renard frères et Franc to capitalize both on the increasing popularity of the genus Fuchsia in fashionable gardens and the fact that Renard in French and Fuchs in German both mean fox. An 1861 article in Répertoire de Pharmacie in fact confirms that the name was simply chosen for these two reasons and irrelevant of the actual colors of any flowers in the genus Fuchsia. Publications

 Errata recentiorum medicorum ("Errors of recent doctors") (Hagenau, 1530), his first publication, in which he argued for the use of "simples" (herbs) rather than the noxious "compounds" of arcane ingredients concocted in medieval medicine. De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes ("Notable commentaries on the history of plants", Basel, 1542), his great herbal, which was offered, with varying degrees of fidelity to his text, as "New Kreüterbuch" in a German translation (1543), "New Herbal" in English, "Den nieuwen Herbarius, dat is dat boeck van den cruyden" (1543) in Dutch. <mask> tried to identify the plants described by the classical authors.Over a decade, <mask> began to prepare for the publication of his herbal. He stocked the garden attached to his house with rare specimens
solicited from friends around Europe, and he assembled a large botanical library. The book contains the description of about 400 wild and more than 100 domesticated plant species and their medical uses ("Krafft und Würckung") in alphabetical order: <mask> made no attempt at presenting them in a natural system of classification. The first reports of Zea mays and of chili peppers were among the exotic new species. The text is mainly based on Dioscorides. The book contains 512 pictures of plants, largely growing locally, in woodcuts. The illustrators were  and Albrecht Meyer, the woodcutter Veit Rudolph Speckle, portraits of whom are contained in the volume.It was printed at the famous shop of Michael Isengrin in Basel. Its appeal to gardeners, botanists, bibliophiles, and the casual
viewer was immediate, while the clarity of its plant pictures continues to define a standard for botanical illustrators. Eyn Newes hochnutzlichs Büchlin/und Anothomi eynes auffgethonen augs/auch seiner erklärung bewerten purgation/Pflaster/Tollirien/Sälblin pulvern unnd wassern/wie mans machen und brauchen sol (A new, very useful book and anatomy of the open eye/also an explanation of useful purgatives/plasters/poultices/salves, powders and waters/how one should make and use them), 1539. Alle Kranckheyt der Augen (All diseases of the eye), 1539. <mask>'s books on the anatomy of the eye and its diseases were among the standard references on this subject during this period. All in all, <mask> <mask> wrote more than 50 books and polemics. See also
Learned medicine
Medical Renaissance
History of herbalism
Lactofuchsin mount

References

External links

Historical editions
 New Herbal (English title)
 De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes (German edition, 1542).From Rare Book Room. De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes hand-coloured first edition (1542) in Cambridge Digital Library
 Den nieuwen Herbarius, dat is dat boeck van den cruyden (Dutch edition, 1543). "New Herbal", extracts, English, Glasgow Library Archive/
 Plate from Eyn Newes hochnutzlichs Büchlin (PDF)
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by <mask> <mask> in .jpg and .tiff format. Modern editions
Klaus Dobat/Werner Dressendorfer (eds.) Leonhart Fuchs: The New Herbal of 1543 (Taschen 2001). Frederick Meyer/Emily Trueblood/John Heller (eds.) The Great Herbal of <mask> Fuchs: De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes, 1542: Vol 1 & 2.(Stanford University Press 1999). Botanists with author abbreviations
1501 births
1566 deaths
German Renaissance humanists
16th-century German physicians
16th-century German botanists
Pteridologists
People from Donau-Ries

masks:
Leonhart Fuchs
Leonhard Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Fuchs
Leonhart
Fuchs
Leonhart
Fuchs
Leonhart


texts:
<mask> (March 30, 1889 – January 9, 1947) was a German-American character actor. He acted in more than 120 films and many of his parts were uncredited. Biography

<mask> was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He was son of the opera singer <mask> (1865-1919) and Frieda Seckback (1869-1939), and brother of actor <mask> (1893-1967), <mask> (1895-1976), and <mask>. He was married to Carla Lichtenstein and had one daughter. <mask> began his career at the circus, at age 16, and vaudeville showing comedic talent. In 1921 he made his film debut in "Ciska Barna, die Zigeunerin".He was production chief of several films in Germany before he went to America, in 1923, with director Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau as Murnau's interpreter and assistant director. He also worked under John Ford and Frank Borzage, before establishing himself as a successful character actor well known for his wild-eyed facial expressions and thick German accent. He provided the voice for the Ringmaster in Walt Disney's Dumbo (1941). The start of World War II in Europe caused all things German to be unpopular with audiences. His German accent was no longer in demand in the years following World War II. He became increasingly depressed in the mid-1940s, as he was unable to secure work in Hollywood, and committed suicide by gunshot in 1947. Filmography

 Ciska Barna, Die Zigeunerin (1921)
 Sunrise (1927) as Streetcar Conductor (uncredited)
 4 Devils (1928)
 Married in Hollywood (1929) as German Director
 A Song of Kentucky (1929) as Jake Kleinschmidt
 The Three Sisters (1930) as Von kosch
 Show Girl in Hollywood (1930) as Mr. <mask> – Otis' Assistant
 Anna Christie (1930) as Larry – the Bartender (uncredited)
 Men Behind Bars (1931) as Lawyer
 Women Love Once (1931)
 The Great Lover (1931) as Losseck
 The Guardsman (1931) as A Creditor
 Private Lives (1931) as Train Conductor (uncredited)
 Men of Chance (1931) as Fritz Tannenbaum (uncredited)
 Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932) as Franz Odenheimer (uncredited)
 Are You Listening?(1937, Short)
 Beg, Borrow or Steal (1937) as Von Giersdorff – aka <mask>
 Every Day's a Holiday (1937) as Fritz Krausmeyer
 Paradise for Three (1938) as Mr. Polter
 Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1938) as Monsieur Pepinard
 Four's a Crowd (1938) as Barber
 Vacation from Love (1938) as Oscar Wittlesbach
 The Great Waltz (1938) as Dommayer
 Sweethearts (1938) as Oscar Engel
 Broadway Melody of 1940 (1940) as Silhouettist (uncredited)
 Public Deb No. 1 (1940) as Dutchman (uncredited)
 Bitter Sweet (1940) as Market Keeper
 Dumbo (1941) as The Ringmaster (voice, uncredited)
 The Devil with Hitler (1942, Short) as Louis
 The Captain from Köpenick (completed in 1941, released in 1945) as City Hall guardian Kilian
 Where Do We Go from Here? (1945) as Hessian Col. / Von Heisel
 Breakfast in Hollywood (1946) as <mask> (uncredited)
 Rendezvous 24 (1946) as Herr Schmidt
 Night and Day (1946) as Ladisaus Smedick – 2nd 'Peaches' (uncredited) (final film role)

References

External links

 Portrait of the Actor <mask> by Thomas Staedeli
 Behind the Voice Actors- <mask>
 Columbia Shorts Dept- <mask>
 Genealogy -<mask>

1889 births
1947 deaths
German emigrants to the United States
Burials at Hollywood Forever Cemetery
German male film actors
German male voice actors
Actors from Frankfurt
People from Hesse-Nassau
Suicides by firearm in California
20th-century German male actors
1947 suicides

masks:
Herman Bing
Bing
Max Bing
Gustav Bing
Clara Bing
Erna Bing Swarzchild
Bing
Bing
Count Herman
Herman
Herman Bing
Herman Bing
Herman Bing
Herman Bing


texts:
<mask> (,  Ivanova, Иванова; 25 October 192611 December 2012) was a Russian soprano opera singer and recitalist who was named a People's Artist of the USSR in 1966. She was the wife of cellist Mstislav Rostropovich, and mother to their two daughters, Olga and Elena Rostropovich. Biography
<mask> was born in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). She made her professional stage debut in 1944 singing operetta. After a year studying with Vera Nikolayevna Garina, she won a competition held by the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow (with Rachmaninoff's song "O, Do Not Grieve" and Verdi's aria "O patria mia" from Aida) in 1952. The next year, she became a member of the Bolshoi Theatre. On 24 March 1957, she made her debut in Finnish National Opera as Tatyana in Eugene Onegin.On 9 May 1960, she made her first appearance in Sarajevo at the National Theatre, as Aida. In 1961, she made her Metropolitan Opera debut as Aida; the following year she made her debut at the Royal Opera House with the same role. For her La Scala debut in 1964, she sang Liù in Turandot, opposite Birgit Nilsson and Franco Corelli. In addition to the roles in the Russian operatic repertoire, Vishnevskaya also sang roles such as Violetta, Tosca, Cio-cio-san, Leonore, and Cherubino. Benjamin Britten wrote the soprano role in his War Requiem (completed 1962) specially for her, though the USSR prevented her from traveling to Coventry Cathedral for the premiere performance. The USSR eventually allowed her to leave in order to make the first recording of the Requiem. <mask> was married to the cellist Mstislav Rostropovich from 1955 until his death in 2007; they performed together regularly (he on piano or on the podium).Both she and Rostropovich were friends of Dmitri Shostakovich, and they made an electrifying recording of his opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk for EMI. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, a friend and an ally in various causes, lived at their dacha for about three years from 1968, at a time when he was closely watched by the KGB and had become an official non-person; the home of the two acclaimed musicians offered safety and freedom from the risk of being spied on at home. In 1974, the couple asked the Soviet government for an extended leave and left the Soviet Union. Eventually they settled in the United States and Paris. In 1982, the soprano bade farewell to the opera stage, in Paris, as Tatyana in Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin. In 1987, she stage directed Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tsar's Bride in Washington, D.C. In 1984, Vishnevskaya published a memoir, Galina: A Russian Story (), and in 2002, she opened her own opera theatre in Moscow, the "Galina Vishnevskaya Opera Centre".In 2006, she was featured in Alexander Sokurov's documentary Elegy of a life: Rostropovich, Vishnevskaya. In 2007, she starred in his film Alexandra, playing the role of a grandmother coming to see her grandson in the Second Chechen War. The film premiered at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. In the last week of her life, Russian President Vladimir Putin honoured her with the First Class Order of Merit for the Fatherland. On 11 December 2012, Vishnevskaya died at the age of 86 in Moscow. She was married three times. Her first marriage was to Georgy Vishnevsky, a sailor.She retained his family name after their divorce. Her second marriage was to the violinist and director of the Leningrad Light Opera company, Mark Rubin, who also served as her manager. This second marriage produced a son, who died at age 2 months, and lasted 10 years before ending in divorce. Her daughters survive her. Recordings
Vishnevskaya made many recordings, including Eugene Onegin (1956 and 1970), Mussorgsky's Songs and Dances of Death (1961 and 1976), Britten's War Requiem (with Sir Peter Pears and Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, conducted by the composer; 1963), The Poet's Echo (1968), Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov (1970 and 1987), Puccini's Tosca (1976), Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades (with Regina Resnik, 1976), Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (1978), Tchaikovsky's Iolanta (with Nicolai Gedda, 1984), and Prokofiev's War and Peace (1986).

masks:
Galina Pavlovna Vishneskaya
Vishnevskaya
Vishnevskaya


texts:
<mask><mask> (5 July 1895 – 15 February 1981) was a Dutch politician of the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and later the Labour Party (PvdA) and jurist. In 't Veld worked as civil servant for municipality of Dordrecht from August 1910 until October 1914 and for the municipality of Rotterdam from October 1914 until December 1936 as Municipal clerk from January 1936 until December 1936. In 't Veld applied at the Leiden University in June 1921 majoring in Law and obtaining an Bachelor of Laws degree in July 1923 and worked as a student researcher before graduating with an Master of Laws degree in July 1926 and later got a doctorate as an Doctor of Law on 1 July 1929. In 't Veld served on the Provincial-Council of South Holland from June 1931 until January 1937. In December 1936 In '<mask> was nominated as Mayor of Zaandam, taking office on 1 January 1937. In '<mask> was elected as a Member of the Senate after the Senate election of 1937, taking office on 8 June 1937. On 10 May 1940 Nazi Germany invaded the Netherlands and the government fled to London to escape the German occupation.During World War II In '<mask> continued to serve as a Member of the Senate but in reality the de facto political influence of the Senate was marginalized. On 4 March 1941 In '<mask> was removed from office as Mayor by the German occupation authority. Following the end of World War II In '<mask> was reinstated as Mayor of Zaandam, taking office on 7 May 1945. Following the return of the government-in-exile Queen <mask> ordered a Recall of Parliament and In '<mask> remained a Member of the Senate, taking office on 20 November 1945. In '<mask> was appointed as Minister of Reconstruction and Housing in the Cabinet Beel I following the appointment of Lambertus Neher as Special Representative to the Dutch East Indies, taking office on 1 March 1948. After the Senate election of 1948 In '<mask> returned briefly as a Member of the Senate, serving from 28 July 1948 until 8 August 1948. After the election of 1948 In '<mask> continued as Minister of Reconstruction and Housing in the Cabinet Drees–Van Schaik, taking office on 7 August 1948.The Drees–Van Schaik cabinet fell on 24 January 1951 and continued to serve in a demissionary capacity until the cabinet formation of 1951 when it was replaced by Cabinet Drees I with In '<mask> remaining as Minister of Reconstruction and Housing, taking office on 15 March 1951. In April 1952 In '<mask> announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1952 but wanted tot return to the Senate. After the Senate election of 1952 In '<mask> returned as a Member of the Senate, taking office on 15 July 1952. After the election of 1952 In '<mask> was not giving a cabinet post in the new cabinet, the Cabinet Drees I was replaced by the Cabinet Drees II on 2 September 1952 and he subsequently was selected as Parliamentary leader of the Labour Party in the Senate the same day. he also served as a Professor at Leiden University, Member of the Council of State, administer at Humanitas and the Humanistisch Verbond, and one of the founders of the public administration in the Netherlands. As Minister of Reconstruction and Public Housing in the first Beel cabinet and first Drees cabinet he established the Reconstruction Bill. Biography
In 't <mask> was born in Dubbeldam (now part of Dordrecht), in the same village where his father Cornelis in 't Veld was born and had worked as labourer and later greengrocer.After attending the mulo (junior high school) he started working as civil servant in the town hall of Dordrecht. He continued his studies in his spare time completing the training for municipal candidate in 1916, and in 1921 passing the state examination. Beside his work he continued to study law at Leiden University from 1921 until 1926. On 11 July 1929 he obtained his doctorate in law at the Leiden University with a thesis entitled "Nieuwe vormen van decentralisatie." (New forms of decentralization). After his first job at the municipality of Dordrecht from 1910 to 1914, he moved to Municipality of Rotterdam, where he initially start as clerk at Public Works. He gradually got promoted in the civil service until he became acting municipal secretary and head of the Housing Department from 1936 to 1937.A year later in 1937 he succeeded Kornelis ter Laan as mayor of Zaandam. In addition to his personal career In 't Velds had gained interest in politics. As a young man he had certain sympathy for anarchism and communism, but he switched after Troelstra's failed revolution attempt in November 1918 and joined the Social Democratic Workers Party (SDAP). He was active in the local branch of the party and in the Institute for Development Workers, where late 1920s he chaired the Rotterdam Chapter. Late-1920s he became more active in the SDAP, and was elected Member of the Senate in 1931 and served until 1937. Besides Mayor of Zaandam, In 't Veld was Member of the Senate just before and World War II, and from 1952 to 1964. In 1948 he became Minister of Reconstruction and Housing.After 1952, In '<mask> started his academic career. After holding a series of lectures on housing at the Institute of Social Studies in The Hague, he was included in the staff of this institution in 1954. In 1955 directed the faculty administration. From 1957 to 1965 he was Professor at the Leiden University. Personal
In 1922 <mask> married Antje Peeters, and they had a son and two daughters. His son was the Delft Professor Jan in 't Veld (1925–2005). A daughter Cornélie "Corrie" in 't Veld married Roel de Wit, Mayor of Alkmaar from 1970 until 1976 and the Queen's Commissioner of North Holland from 1976 until 1992.After the death of Antje Peeters in 1966, <mask> <mask> 't Veld remarried the same year with Ellen Elisabeth ten Brink. He was made a Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion in 1946, Commander of the Order of Orange Nassau in 1952, and Commander of the Order of the Dutch Lion in 1963. Work

Political career
In 't Veld was from 1931 to 1937 member of the Provincial Council of South Holland. In 1937 he became a member of the Senate for the SDAP. He was Minister of Reconstruction and Housing for the Labour Party in the first Beel cabinet and first Drees cabinet he established the Reconstruction Bill. He interpellated in 1953 as Minister Senator dark about the escape of seven war criminals. He was a moderate Orangist.Mayor of Zaandam
In 't Veld mayor of Zaandam was from 1937 to 1941, and later from 1945 to 1948. After his first appearance in a relatively short time he acquired great popularity, particularly by his attitude during World War II. Conflicts with the Germans and especially the NSB were bound and on 4 March 1941, shortly after the February strike, followed his dismissal, he was succeeded by NSB mayor Cornelis van Ravenswaay. After the capitulation on 5 May 1945, he was immediately reinstalled as mayor. This continued until his appointment as Minister of Reconstruction and Housing. On his retirement in 1948, In 't Veld an honorary citizen of Zaandam, there was also a park named after him. Minister of Reconstruction and Housing
As Minister of Reconstruction and Housing was in 't Veld the first postwar minister seriously interested in planning.The construction of new houses only slowly rose after World War II, partly due to the lack of good and affordable building material. In the 1930s In '<mask> as Minister of Housing had been spectre of mass unemployment and again feared for further unemployment in the construction industry. For this reason In 't Veld pleaded for a gradual approach to tackling the housing shortage. The policy of the government prioritised the construction of utilities for business. Under his rule the houses production increased significantly but the housing shortage experience defy him and his successors. The homebuilding got under In 't Veld the highest priority and surpassed the 90,000 homes per year. However, the growth in demand exceeded supply, as the number of persons per household decreased.Many of the houses were built with a solid state. Humanitas
Just after the war, the foundation Humanitas founded on 31 May 1945 and In 't Veld became its first president. He expressed the mission of Humanitas as "No help offered from above, but help born from a sense of solidarity, and responsibility for the needs of neighbours in distress." In 't Veld was himself a convinced modern humanist and from its founding until 1954 a member of the Executive Board of the Humanistisch Verbond (HV). Under his chairmanship of Humanitas from 1945 to 1963 he has worked sought merger between the two organisations. In '<mask> was personally convinced that social work could only be fruitful when thrives are based on a philosophy of life. His plans for cooperation are torpedoed by the members and delegates at Humanitas conferences.Together with the politician and first president of the Humanistisch Verbond Jaap van Praag he kept promoting the idea of the Humanist Movement. Public Administration
At older age In 't Veld regularly published articles on administrative law and administrative and political issues. He was an expert of constitutional and administrative law, and authored with H.A. Brasz and A. Kleijn the Inleiding tot de bestuurswetenschap (Introduction to Public Administration) and as sole author the 1979 Beginselen van behoorlijk bestuur (Principles of good governance). This book covered topics such as service quality, capacity, equality, trust, interests and motivation. In 't Veld proposed a classification, similar to the one by <mask>e in 1968, who defined :
 The principle that prohibits (apparent) partiality
 The obligation of hearing
 The obligation to state reasons
 The prohibition of arbitrary
 The prohibition of "détournement de pouvoir" (misuse of powers)
 The principle of legal certainty
 The principle of care
 And equality
The 1968 subdivision of In ' t Veld was similar, only he conceived the principle of impartiality and the right to be heard together principle into the principle of "fair play." Publications
In 't Veld authored dozens of articles and books.A selection:
 1929, Nieuwe vormen van decentralisatie
 1932–34, De inrichting van onzen staat gezien van sociaaldemocratisch standpunt. Amsterdam. 1936, Nog steeds: naast de rode de blauwe vaan. Utrecht
 1938, Bestuursinrichting van de Wieringermeer Alphen aan den Rijn
 1945, Economische en sociale ordening. Amsterdam
 1950, De betekenis der gemeente voor de toekomst van West-Europa. Heemstede
 1953, Krotopruiming en vernieuwing van bebouwde kernen. 's-Gravenhage
 1962, Inleiding tot de bestuurswetenschap with H.A.Brasz en A. Kleijn. 1968, Essays in administration. 's-Gravenhage
 1970, Vooruitziende bestuurswetenschap. Een futurologische verkenning. 's-Gravenhage
 1972, Ons staatsbestuur in een stroomversnelling, 's-Gravenhage. 1979, Beginselen van behoorlijk bestuur, Zwolle. 1980, Planning als maatschappelijke vormgeving, J. in 't Veld (red.).Deventer: Van Loghum Slaterus. Decorations

References

External links

Official
  Dr. J. (Joris) in 't Veld Parlement & Politiek
  Dr. J. in 't Veld (PvdA) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal

1885 births
1981 deaths
Anti-poverty advocates
Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Commanders of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Dutch corporate directors
Dutch essayists
Dutch humanists
Dutch legal scholars
Dutch legal writers
Dutch male short story writers
Dutch short story writers
Dutch nonprofit directors
Dutch nonprofit executives
Dutch people of World War II
Dutch political philosophers
Dutch political writers
Dutch public administration scholars
Dutch public broadcasting administrators
Housing reformers
International Institute of Social Studies faculty
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Leiden University alumni
Leiden University faculty
Mayors in North Holland
Members of the Provincial Council of South Holland
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Senate (Netherlands)
Ministers of Housing and Spatial Planning of the Netherlands
People from Dordrecht
People from Zaanstad
Scholars of administrative law
Social Democratic Workers' Party (Netherlands) politicians
Writers about activism and social change
Writers about communism
Writers from Rotterdam
Writers from The Hague
20th-century Dutch businesspeople
20th-century Dutch civil servants
20th-century Dutch jurists
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch politicians

masks:
Joris in '
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
Wilhelmina
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
t Veld
Veld
t Veld
Joris
Joris
in
t Veld
t Veld
Belinfant


texts:
<mask> (born September 28, 1975, as <mask>; , ) is an American former backstroke swimmer, Olympic gold medalist, and former world record holder. He swam in the 2000 and 2004 Olympics, winning a total of four Olympic gold medals. Early years
<mask> is Jewish, and was born to Jewish parents in Odessa (then Soviet Union, now Ukraine). <mask> and his family left the Soviet Union in 1989 for the United States. They settled in Los Angeles. After their immigration, <mask>'s family suffered from financial difficulties. He had to commute by bus and on foot 45 minutes each way to swimming practice, and did not get home before 9:30 in the evening.In addition, <mask> had to cope with language problems, and to study English rapidly in order to understand his coaches' instructions. Thankfully he was aided by the extensive Russian community in Los Angeles, and managed to adapt quickly. College
<mask> first attended Fairfax High School, and then attended Santa Monica College where he won both the 100 and  backstroke junior college titles. His coach at Santa Monica recognized his talent and recommended him to Mark Schubert at the University of Southern California. <mask> transferred to USC. In 1995, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Three years later, he became the first swimmer since 1986 to sweep the backstroke events, 100 m & 200 m, in the World Championships.In 1999, <mask> broke the 50, 100 and the 200 m world records respectively, setting the clock on 24.99, 53.60 and 1:55.87. He was then recognized as the top backstroke swimmer in the world and one of the best in the history of this swimming style. He continued to dominate at the 2000 Summer Olympics backstroke, shattering the Olympic record and nearing his own 1999 world record with 53.72 in the 100, while making another Olympic record in the 200 with a 1:56.76. He also played an important role in helping the American team win a gold medal in the 4 × 100 m relay with a new world record of 3:33.73. Maccabiah Games
After the Olympics <mask> decided to skip the 2001 World Championships that took place in Fukuoka, Japan, in order to focus on the 2001 Maccabiah Games in Israel. Being Jewish, <mask> wanted to take this once-in-a-lifetime chance to compete with other top Jewish athletes. In addition, he wanted to fulfill a childhood dream by visiting the holy land, and lifting the American delegate flag during the games' opening ceremony.He was selected to carry in the flag for the United States at the opening ceremonies. He then earned gold and set a new Maccabiah record in the 100-meter backstroke. He also won a gold medal in the 4×100-meter medley relay. At the 2017 Maccabiah Games, in the special 4x50m relay race between Israeli and American all-star teams, American Olympic champions <mask>, Jason Lezak (four Olympic golds), and Anthony Ervin (three Olympic golds), with masters swimmer Alex Blavatnik, swam a time of 1:48.23 and defeated Israeli Olympians Guy Barnea, Yoav Bruck, Eran Groumi, and Tal Stricker, who had a time of 1:51.25. Difficulties, perseverance
A couple of months later he had to undergo surgery on his left shoulder, following a fall while running on a treadmill, after which he had to take a year off swimming. In September 2003, Krazelburg split from his coach Mark Schubert, to start training under Dave Salo, who also coached Aaron Peirsol. Peirsol was considered by many to be <mask>'s successor.Working with Salo, <mask> changed the style of his stroke, particularly due to his shoulder injuries. Success
This turn in <mask>'s career proved to be successful. He finished second in the American trials for the 100 meters event to secure a place in the 2004 Athens Olympics, alongside training partner, Aaron Peirsol. His good shape enabled him to reach the finals. He came into this final knowing this might be his career's last, but missed out on a medal by just 2/100 of a second, with a qualitative result of 54.38, whereas Peirsol won gold with 54.06. <mask> made up for the upset by helping the American team to win yet another Olympic gold in the 4 x 100 m relay, despite not swimming in the final of this event (he swam in the preliminary round, while Peirsol took his spot in the final). <mask> is known as one of the physically strongest swimmers around, and for his powerful arm strokes, a product of his training regimen and bodybuilder-esque physique.He is  tall and weighs just above . <mask> owes many of his career achievements to his father Oleg, who has often encouraged him, even when <mask> wanted to quit at the age of 14. He enjoys reading as well as working with computers. <mask> was named Sportsman of the Year by the United States Olympic Committee in 1998, and was chosen USA Swimmer of the Year each of the following two years. In 2001, he was inducted into the Southern California Jewish Sports Hall of Fame and USC Hall of Fame. See also

 List of multiple Olympic gold medalists
 List of multiple Olympic gold medalists at a single Games
 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of select Jewish swimmers
 List of University of Southern California people
 List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)
 World record progression 50 metres backstroke
 World record progression 100 metres backstroke
 World record progression 200 metres backstroke
 World record progression 4 × 100 metres medley relay

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
American male backstroke swimmers
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
World record setters in swimming
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish swimmers
Maccabiah Games gold medalists for the United States
Maccabiah Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 2001 Maccabiah Games
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m)
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Sportspeople from Odessa
Odessa Jews
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Swimmers from Los Angeles
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Ukrainian emigrants to the United States
USC Trojans men's swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Goodwill Games medalists in swimming
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Lenny Krayzelburg
Leonid Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Lenny
Lenny
Lenny
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Krayzelburg
Lenny
Lenny
Krayzelburg


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<mask> (2 April 1819 – 8 November 1897), also known as <mask>, was the first Mayor of Christchurch in New Zealand in 1868. A nurseryman by profession, he had large landholdings in Christchurch. His reputation was dented by a fraud conviction, and when he was subsequently elected onto the city council once more, five councillors resigned in protest. Early life
<mask> was born in Castle Douglas in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. He was the eldest child of Jane Thomson and her husband, <mask>. He arrived in New Zealand in August 1850 at Port Chalmers on the ship Mariner, and travelled to Nelson, Wellington and Auckland before arriving in Lyttelton in late July 1851. The Mariner left London on 7 April 1850 and arrived at Port Chalmers on 6 August 1850.He married <mask> on 19 November 1856; she was 20 at the time of their wedding, 17 years his junior. His wife was the daughter of John and <mask>, who arrived in Lyttelton with their seven children in December 1850 on one of the First Four Ships, the Randolph. <mask> was found dead four days after arrival, having possibly died from heat exhaustion. Her mother Isabella worked as a draper and had a shop on Colombo Street, Christchurch. The <mask>s had 13 or 14 children, and <mask> would later testify that he began beating her by the time she was pregnant the second time: "He beat me black and blue." Their oldest son was <mask> (born ca. 1856), and their second son was Charles James.Professional life
In Scotland, <mask> was an apprentice as a nurseryman and worked as an overseer on estates. His first nursery in New Zealand, Bricks Farm, was next to The Bricks , a locality on the Avon River in central Christchurch. <mask> lived at The Bricks for his first five years in Christchurch. Next, he owned the block of land bounded by Cashel, Madras, Lichfield and Manchester streets; this was later known as Bedford Row and is its name to the present day. He bought up land in sought after areas for his nurseries and then operated them until the land became too valuable, and he subdivided it for development. At its maximum, he held 18 acres in the central city. He specialised in shelter plants and hedges and became the dominant nurseryman in Christchurch.He was one of the first in New Zealand to publish product catalogues. He later held land in the suburb of Waltham. Apart from his extensive landholdings, he had a general trading company, a real estate and auctioneering business, a controlling stake in the Halswell quarries (purchased in 1876), and a half partnership in the trading vessel Rifleman. In 1876 <mask> was accused of fraud and as it was usual in those days, the court proceedings of well-known people were reported in fine detail in the newspapers. He lost the case on all counts and this brought to an end <mask>'s public life, with him resigning from his various roles. Political career
<mask> had an active political life. He was a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council on the 4th Council from June 1864 to May 1866, representing the Kaiapoi electorate despite being a Christchurch resident.He then represented the City of Christchurch electorate on the 5th Council from June 1866 to March 1870. Before 1916, elections for Christchurch City Council were held annually. He was elected onto the town and later city council four times: in 1862, 1867, 1868 and 1878. In 1867, he was nominated for a position on the city council by a current city councillor, the publican George Ruddenklau. In the subsequent council meeting, it was again Ruddenklau who nominated (or seconded; sources differ) <mask> as chairman of the town council, and he was declared elected without other nominations being put forward. The town council held a meeting on 10 June 1868 to elect its first mayor. In those days, the councillors elected one of their group as mayor, i.e.the position was not elected at large (by the voting public) as is the case today. The following councillors attended the meeting: <mask>, James Purvis Jameson, T. Tombs, George Ruddenklau, Henry Thomson, W. A. Sheppard, W. Calvert and John Anderson, who chaired the meeting. Thomson moved that <mask> be elected as the first mayor of Christchurch, and Tombs seconded the motion. The chairman put the motion to the meeting and it was carried unanimously. With the meeting, the council had brought itself under the Municipal Corporations Act 1867. On 16 December 1868, the town council held its annual general meeting. Councillor Anderson was elected unanimously as the second mayor of Christchurch.Although Canterbury was an Anglican settlement, the first three mayors were all Presbyterian Scotsmen; <mask> in 1868, followed by John Anderson in 1869 and Andrew Duncan in 1870. <mask> stood for election to the city council once more in 1878, i.e. after his fraud conviction. At the candidates' meeting, <mask> argued with the current mayor, Henry Thomson, who acted as chairperson at the meeting, about the order of proceedings. Three positions were available contested by eight candidates, and James Gapes, <mask>, and Aaron Ayers were returned. Over the next day, five of the existing councillors handed in their resignation in protest over <mask>'s election: <mask>, <mask>, George Ruddenklau, James Jameson, and <mask> Bickerton. Radcliffe tried to withdraw his resignation, but this was not accepted by the mayor.Five new councillors were elected in a by-election the next month. Councillors were elected for one year at the time, and <mask> retired at the September 1879 election, when he did not stand again. Private life and death
<mask> was involved with several clubs and societies. For many years, he chaired the Christchurch Horticultural Society. He was the first president of the Christchurch Poultry, Bantam & Pigeon Club. He was responsible for the construction of the first Town Hall in Christchurch's High Street. After he split from his wife, he tried to break into her house, but was stopped by Dr John Frankish, his brother-in-law.<mask> was arrested soon afterwards. <mask> died in 1882. <mask> died on 8 November 1897. He was buried at Linwood Cemetery. Notes

References

|-

1819 births
1897 deaths
Mayors of Christchurch
Burials at Linwood Cemetery, Christchurch
New Zealand horticulturists
Christchurch City Councillors
19th-century New Zealand politicians
People from Castle Douglas
Scottish emigrants to New Zealand

masks:
William Barbour Wilson
Cabbage Wilson
Wilson
William Wilson
Elizabeth Williams
Isabella Williams
John Williams
Wilson
Isabella Williams
William John
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
William Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
William Pratt
William Radcliffe
Alexander William
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Isabella Williams
Wilson


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I<mask>  (born May 23, 1950) is an internationally known author and public speaker, and is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on gambling and gaming law. He is currently a Professor Emeritus at Whittier College and a Visiting Professor at the University of Macau. <mask> is best known for his internationally syndicated column and 1986 book, Gambling and the Law. Impact on legal gambling
In 1979, while still a student at Harvard Law School, <mask> developed the theory of the Third Wave of Legal Gambling. Examining the dates when laws had been enacted in the past, he concluded that legal gambling had twice before swept the nation. He correctly predicted that state lotteries, casinos and other forms of gambling would once again be made legal in the United States. According to the theory, legal gambling will continue to spread, until it is once again outlawed. .The Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory inspired both entrepreneurs and governments to expand legal gaming, in part because it showed how much money could be made by the initial operators. "Suppose Prohibition of alcohol had just been repealed. The hypothetical owner of the first and only liquor store in a state would make a fantastic return on investment." The Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory explains why the states differ so much in their approaches to gaming. <mask> showed the legal problems created by prohibitions in state constitutions dating from the 19th century on lotteries. For example, in 1990, the Mississippi Supreme Court discussed <mask>'s Third Wave of Legal Gambling theory in oral argument, concluding that that state's ancient constitutional ban on "lotteries" did not prevent the Mississippi Legislature from legalizing charity bingo. The next year the Legislature authorized casinos, making Mississippi the third leading casino state, after Nevada and New Jersey.<mask> has also been involved in other major developments involving legal gambling in the U.S. and abroad. He has worked with governments and industry in legalizing and regulating casinos, poker, bingo and lotteries. . He also was instrumental in the introduction of contests of skill and subscription and other games with free alternative means of entry. He wrote the legal opinion for PurePlay.com, the world's largest no-purchase-necessary poker site. <mask>'s testimony led to the introduction of Texas hold 'em and Pai Gow Poker into California cardrooms in the 1980s;  His work with tribes and suppliers on the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act and in testifying on what is legal on Indian land helped lead to the creation of the modern tribal bingo hall and casino. In 1999, the California Supreme Court cited Gambling and the Law in striking down Proposition 5, which had won the most expensive initiative campaign battle in the nation's history, and which would have legalized tribal casinos as "lotteries." In 2006, the first NAFTA tribunal involving gaming adopted <mask>'s testimony, on behalf of the federal government of Mexico, on what constituted a slot machine as opposed to a game of skill.The North Dakota Supreme Court also adopted his position on what is a slot machine. The California Supreme Court adopted his testimony on what constituted a banking game, closing down the State lottery's Keno. In "Compulsive Gambling and the Law",  <mask> described how the views of society, and thus of the law, toward problem gambling are changing. In his writings and public presentations, he explained how courts and lawmakers were struggling with the concept that a person might bet too much because they were ill, rather than because they were morally weak. He incorporated the California Counsel on Problem Gambling, wrote the bill providing funding for the Texas Counsel on Problem Gambling. In 1990, he argued the case of Erickson v. Desert Palace, Inc., before the Ninth Circuit, on behalf of a 19-year-old boy who was denied a million-dollar slot machine jackpot by Caesars Palace, and asked the U.S. Supreme Court to hear the appeal. <mask> was instrumental in getting governments and operators to put in place protections for compulsive and underage gamblers.<mask> is the co-author of "Internet Gaming Law" (1st  and 2nd  editions), Blackjack and the Law, and the first casebook on the subject, "Gaming Law: Cases and Materials". He was instrumental in having gaming law recognized as a legitimate field of study, and co-authored Gaming Law in a Nutshell in 2012, and the second edition in 2017. <mask> was co-editor-in-chief of the Gaming Law Review & Economics for more than 12 years and is now editor emeritus. He is a consultant to governments and industry and has testified as an expert witness on gaming in administrative, civil and criminal cases, and international arbitrations. Education and legal practice
<mask> graduated from UCLA with a B.A. in 1973 and with a J.D. in 1979 from Harvard Law School.Immediately following graduation from Harvard, <mask> moved to Hawaii to practice law. He passed the Hawaii and California bars and has also been admitted to practice in federal courts, including Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals and the United States Supreme Court. While in Hawaii, <mask> established the state's first eye bank, the Hawai'i Lions Eye Bank & Makana Foundation, in 1981. He helped get state law changed to allow donor stickers on drivers' licenses and permit trained nurses to harvest tissue. <mask> served as legal counsel to the eye bank from 1981-1983. . Teaching
<mask> joined what was then named Whittier College School of Law in 1973 as a Visiting Assistant Professor. Over the years, he was promoted to Full Professor with tenure.In Fall 1983, <mask> developed and taught the first law school class on Gaming Law. Today there are at least 31 law schools with courses in Gaming Law, as well as graduate business schools and undergraduate colleges, many using the casebook <mask> co-authored. In 1993-1994, <mask> became the first Visiting Scholar for the University of Nevada-Reno's Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming. His Gaming Law classes were open to undergraduates, graduate students, and practicing lawyers and regulators. At that time, Nevada had no law school, so <mask> was the only person teaching Gaming Law in the nation's leading state for legal gaming. In 2004, <mask> taught a seminar on International Gaming Law for Whittier Law School's Summer Abroad program in China. He taught the same class the following years in Spain and France.He also taught classes on gaming law to the FBI; at colleges in Slovenia; and, at UNR's professional training courses in Reno, Tahoe and Macau. <mask> began co-teaching, with Professor Jorge Godinho, a graduate level class in Gaming Law at the Masters and Postgraduate Programs in International Business Law at the University of Macau in 2007. Most of the students have law degrees from China, Macau or countries in the Portuguese-speaking world, such as Angola and East Timor. <mask> has taught the course every summer, in May or June, since 2007. He has also participated as the lead judge for students defending their Masters' theses on issues related to legal gambling. Consultant and expert witness
<mask> has testified as an expert witness in administrative, civil and criminal cases, and international arbitrations throughout the United States, in Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, including the first NAFTA tribunal on gaming issues. He has acted as a consultant to major law firms, international corporations, licensed casinos, Indian tribes, and local, state and national governments, including the states of Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Texas; the District of Columbia; the provinces of Ontario and Québec; the Lao People's Democratic Republic; and the federal governments of Canada, Mexico and the United States.<mask>'s clients include regulators, such as the Arizona Department of Gaming, the Delaware State Lottery (regulates sports books and racinos), the Illinois Gaming Board, the Texas Comptroller (regulated bingo) and the New Jersey Division of Gaming Enforcement. He has also worked with the largest operators, including Nevada and Atlantic City casinos, California cardrooms, state and national lotteries, race tracks, Indian tribes and online gambling operators. <mask> has testified as an expert on legal gambling before the California Legislature, Hawaii House of Representative's Finance Committee, New Mexico Legislature and Oregon Governor's Task Force on Gaming. He has worked with the Florida State Senate on Indian gaming, the Florida Department of Business & Professional Regulation's Division of Pari-Mutuel Wagering on poker rooms, and the Washington State Gambling Commission on casinos. <mask> has testified as an expert in cases involving casino gaming; lotteries, including keno and the New York and California State Lotteries; bingo, including mechanical devices in Texas and California; Indian gaming; skill versus chance; the meaning of gambling terms and the legality of proposed games. He has been cited in numerous published court decisions, including quoted by the Supreme Courts of North Dakota and California. Public speaking
With the rising interest in gambling throughout the world, <mask> has addressed such diverse groups as the National Conference of State Legislatures, Congress of State Lotteries of Europe and the National Academy of Sciences.He has presented scholarly papers on gambling in Nevada, New Jersey, Puerto Rico, Canada, England, Australia, Antigua, Portugal, Italy, Argentina, Norway, and the Czech Republic. Publications
<mask> began writing his internationally syndicated column, "Gambling and the Law", in 1983 for Gambling Times magazine. He later self-syndicated the column to other publications, both on and off the Internet, directed at laymen and professionals interested in the legal gambling industries. In 1991, he was granted the federal trademark on "Gambling and the Law"  "For: syndicated and featured articles appearing in a variety of magazines and newspapers; and books, on the topic of gambling." Gambling and the Law columns appear in approximately 100 magazines, newspapers and journals, including Inside Asian Gaming, Casino Enterprise Management, Poker Player,  Harvard Medical School's The Brief Addiction Science Information Source (BASIS), iGaming Business, Casino City Times, Bingo Bugles, CasinoCompendium.com, The GameMaster Online, American Casino Guide and Gaming Law Review. His main writing is now a weekly blog at www.GamblingAndTheLaw.com. <mask> also writes for scholarly journals and books, usually using his trademark Gambling and the Law®.Recent articles include:  "Game on for Internet Gambling," with Rebecca Bolin in the Connecticut Law Review; "The DOJ Gives States a Gift," in the UNLV Gaming Law Journal; "The Third Wave of Legal Gambling," in the Villanova Sports & Entertainment Law Journal"; "Leading Law Cases on Gambling," in William N. Thompson, "The International Encyclopedia of Gambling" (ABC-Clio 2010); "Internet Gambling and the Law," in the Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business; "The International Law of Remote Wagering," in the John Marshall Law Review; and "The Explosive But Sporadic Growth of Gambling in Asia," in the Harvard Asia Pacific Review. Some of his writings include: "Of Course It's a Depression", "Casinos on Cruse Ships, Why Not on Airplanes? ", "The New UIGEA Regulations: Opportunities for Operators", "Betting on Beanie Babies", "The Rise and Fall of the Third Wave: Gambling Will Be Outlawed in Forty Years", "Compulsive Gambling and the Law",  and "Prohibition 2.0: The Unlawful Internet Gambling Act of 2006 Analyzed". His columns and articles are often discussed in the news media, even in non-English language outlets. For example, "Cuba Will Have Casinos, Again",  caused a stir in Latin America. References

External links
 Official site

Living people
1950 births
American gambling writers
Harvard Law School alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni

masks:
. Nelson Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
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Rose
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Rose
Rose


texts:
<mask> ( Jihān as-Sadāt, ; née Safwat Raouf; 29 August 1933 – 9 July 2021) was an Egyptian human rights activist,  the First Lady of Egypt from 1970 until her husband's assassination in 1981. As Egypt's first lady, she greatly influenced the reform of the country's civil rights legislation. Advance laws, referred to as the "Jehan Laws", have given women in Egypt a range of new rights, such as the right to child support and custody in the event of divorce. Early years
<mask>, also spelled Jihan, was born <mask> ( Jīhān Ṣafwat Raʼūf ) in Cairo, Egypt, as the first girl and third child of an upper-middle-class family of an Egyptian surgeon father, Safwat Raouf, and English music teacher mother, Gladys Cotterill. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Henry Cotterill, a Sheffield City police superintendent. She was raised as a Muslim, according to her father's wishes, but also attended a Christian secondary school for girls in Cairo. As a teenage schoolgirl, she was intrigued by <mask> as a local hero, through following reports in the media about his adventures, in addition to his courage, loyalty, and determination in resisting the British occupation of Egypt.She heard many stories about him from her cousin, whose husband was his colleague in resistance, and later in prison. It was at her 15th birthday party that she first met her future husband <mask>, shortly after his release from prison, where he had served two and a half years for his political activities. The couple married on 29 May 1949, after some hesitation, and objections from her parents to the idea of their daughter marrying a jobless revolutionary. He was 30, while she was 15. Anwar <mask> was subsequently part of the core members of the Free Officers Movement that led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan. As First Lady

Over the course of 32 years, <mask> was a supportive wife for her husband, who, in his rising political career, would go on to become President of Egypt. The couple had three daughters, Noha, Jihan, Lobna, and a son, Gamal.<mask> became First Lady of Egypt in 1970, and used her platform to touch the lives of millions inside her country, serving as a role model for women everywhere. She helped change the world's image of Arab women during the 1970s, while undertaking volunteer work, and participating in non-governmental service to the less fortunate. Non-governmental services
<mask> played a key role in reforming Egypt's civil rights laws during the late 1970s. Often called "Jehan's Laws", new statutes advanced by her granted women a variety of new rights, including those to alimony and custody of children in the event of divorce. After visiting wounded soldiers at the Suez front during the Six-Day War in 1967, she founded al Wafa' Wa Amal (Faith and Hope) Rehabilitation Center, which offers disabled war veterans medical and rehabilitation services and vocational training. The center is supported by donations from around the world and now serves visually impaired children and has a worldwide known music and choir band. She also played crucial roles in the formation of the Talla Society, a cooperative in the Nile Delta region which
assists local women in becoming self-sufficient, the Egyptian Society for Cancer Patients, the Egyptian Blood Bank, and SOS Children's Villages in Egypt, an organization that provides orphans new homes in a family environment.She headed the Egyptian delegation to the UN International Women's Conferences in Mexico City and Copenhagen. She founded the Arab-African Women's League. As an activist, she hosted and participated in numerous conferences throughout the world concerning women's issues, children's welfare, and peace in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North and South America. On 6 October 1981, <mask>'s husband was assassinated by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Operation Badr. This ended both his presidency and her period as First Lady, which had lasted for nearly 11 years. Education
<mask> gained a BA in Arabic Literature at Cairo University in 1977. This was followed by a MA in Comparative Literature in 1980, and PhD in Comparative Literature in 1986, both at the same university.In 1986, <mask> was controversially paid a salary of $350,000 to teach for three semesters by James B. Holderman at the University of South Carolina. After completing her education, <mask> became a teacher at the Cairo Artist and Performance Center. Later years and death

<mask> was a senior fellow at the University of Maryland, College Park (where The Anwar <mask> Chair for Peace and Development has also been endowed). She also wrote an autobiography, A Woman of Egypt (), published by Simon & Schuster in 1987, as well as poetry in Arabic, under a pseudonym. Her second memoir, My Hope for Peace, was released in March 2009. <mask> <mask> died on 9 July 2021, at the age of 87. Prior to her death she had reportedly been battling cancer.She was honored with a state funeral in Cairo. Awards and honors
Sadat was the recipient of several national and international awards for public service and humanitarian efforts for women and children. She also received more than 20 honorary doctorate degrees from national and international colleges and universities around the world. In 1993, she received the Community of Christ International Peace Award, whilst in 2001, she was the winner of the Pearl S. Buck Award. After her death, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El Sisi issued a decree awarding her the Order of Perfection. It was also announced that the Al-Firdous axis (Axis of Paradise) in Cairo will be named after her. Positions
 Egypt's first lady from 1970 to 1981
 First woman chair of the People's Council of Munofeyya Provincial governorate
 Visiting professor at American University, University of South Carolina, and Radford University in the United States
 Professor of international studies at the University of Maryland since 1993

References

External links

 Biography at the Anwar <mask> Chair for Peace and Development at the University of Maryland
 Biography at Women's International Center

Thirty years later, <mask>'s widow still hopes for peace, CNN, 26 March 2009

20th-century Egyptian women
21st-century Egyptian women
1933 births
2021 deaths
American University faculty and staff
Sadat family
Cairo University alumni
First Ladies of Egypt
Egyptian human rights activists
Egyptian Muslims
Egyptian feminists
Egyptian activists
Egyptian women academics
Egyptian people of English descent
People from Cairo
Radford University faculty
University of Maryland College of Behavioral and Social Sciences people
University of South Carolina faculty

masks:
Jehan Sadat
Jehan Sadat
Jehan Safwat Raouf
Anwar Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat
Jehan
Sadat
Sadat
Sadat


texts:
<mask> (born July 2, 1993) is an American rapper and singer. He is a member of the hip hop trio Cutthroat Boyz alongside fellow California rappers Aston Matthews and Joey Fatts. <mask> was once a close associate of Odd Future, Mike G and Earl Sweatshirt in particular. He is currently signed to Motown and Talib Kweli's Blacksmith Records. <mask> rose to prominence with appearances on albums by Odd Future members and his collaborative mixtape titled Stolen Youth with producer Mac Miller. In October 2014, he released his debut EP Hell Can Wait, which included the singles "Hands Up" and "Blue Suede". His debut album, Summertime '06, was released in June 2015 to critical acclaim.He was also featured as a part of the XXL 2015 Freshman Class. His second album Big Fish Theory, which contains the singles "BagBak", "Big Fish" and "Rain Come Down", incorporates avant-garde, dance and electronic influences. It was released in June 2017 to further acclaim from critics. In November 2018, <mask> released his third studio album, FM! In July 2021, he released his self-titled fourth studio album. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Compton, California, but grew up in North Long Beach, after his mother decided she wanted to move away from Compton due to the high crime rates. <mask> is the youngest of five siblings, two brothers and three sisters.<mask> grew up in poverty. <mask> attended Optimal Christian Academy from 4th to 8th grade, which he said was an influential and positive experience. During high school, <mask>'s mom sent him to Atlanta to stay with one of his sisters. He attended high school there for six months. After returning to Southern California, <mask> attended other high schools: Jordan High School in Long Beach,  Mayfair High School in Lakewood, Opportunity High School home schooling, Esperanza High School in Anaheim, and Kennedy High School, among others. <mask> has been upfront regarding his involvement with street gangs during his childhood, and is involved with speaking to the youth in his community about the dangers of the gang lifestyle. Growing up, <mask> participated in sports when given the opportunity.Most notably, he played in Snoop Dogg's Snoop Youth Football League (SYFL). When interviewed by Sean Evans on the YouTube show Hot Ones, <mask> recalled playing against the Carson Colts and Mission Viejo Cowboys who he claimed had "grown-ass men on the field." <mask> then went on to state, "Snoop really did it big, we got our names on our jerseys, we had the best cleats, the best helmets, you know Snoop Dogg really loved football." Career

2009–2013: Beginnings and Stolen Youth
<mask> was discovered by Dijon "LaVish" Samo and Chuck Wun, alongside his cousin Campbell Emerson. LaVish took <mask> on a trip to Los Angeles, where he befriended the Odd Future collective's  members Syd tha Kyd, Mike G, and Earl Sweatshirt. Although he had not intended to become a rapper, he made some guest appearances on their songs, most notably "epaR" from Earl Sweatshirt's March 2010 mixtape Earl. After featuring on some other tracks, he decided to pursue a career in rap.He released his official debut mixtape, called Shyne Coldchain Vol. 1 on December 30, 2011, via applebird.com. In October 2012, he released a collaborative mixtape with Michael Uzowuru, titled Winter in Prague. It was produced entirely by Uzowuru. In 2012, Earl Sweatshirt returned from Samoa and reconnected with <mask>. Earl then introduced him to fellow American rapper Mac Miller. In June 2013, Miller (under the alias Larry Fisherman) and <mask> released a mixtape titled Stolen Youth.The mixtape features guest appearances from Miller, Ab-Soul, Schoolboy Q, Da$H, Hardo, and <mask>'s Cutthroat Boyz co-member, Joey Fatts. Following Stolen Youths release, he toured as a supporting act on Miller's Space Migration Tour. After making three appearances on Earl's debut studio album Doris, including the single "Hive", the liner notes revealed <mask> had recently signed to the hip hop record label Def Jam Recordings. 2014–2015: Shyne Coldchain Vol. 2, Hell Can Wait, and Summertime '06

On March 13, 2014, he released his fourth mixtape, called Shyne Coldchain Vol. 2. The mixtape features the production from Earl Sweatshirt, Michael Uzowuru, Childish Major, No ID, Evidence, DJ Babu, and Scoop DeVille; as well as guest appearances from singer-songwriters Jhené Aiko and James Fauntleroy.On March 2, 2014, <mask> began touring in the United States with a fellow American rappers Schoolboy Q and Isaiah Rashad on the Oxymoron World Tour, to support the release of Schoolboy Q's album Oxymoron. On August 15, 2014, <mask> released a music video for "Blue Suede". The track was also made available on iTunes. On September 9, 2014, <mask> released another new song titled "Hands Up" via iTunes. He released the EP Hell Can Wait on October 7, 2014. Prior to the EP's release <mask> revealed during an interview with XXL Magazine that it would include guest appearances from A$ton Matthews and Teyana Taylor, along with productions from No I.D., Infamous, and Hagler. On May 4, 2015, <mask> released the first single from his debut album, called "Señorita".He later announced it that his debut studio album would be titled Summertime '06., In June 2015, <mask> was named as one of the ten rappers of XXL'''s "2015 Freshman Class", and was featured on the cover alongside fellow up-and-coming rappers Dej Loaf, Fetty Wap, GoldLink, K Camp, OG Maco, Raury, Shy Glizzy, Tink, and Kidd Kidd. On June 15, <mask> released the second single from his debut album, "Get Paid" featuring Desi Mo. On June 22, he released the album's third and final single, "Norf Norf". The track reached viral prominence after a video of a mom tearfully complaining about the song became popular on social media. The album was released on June 30, 2015. It received widespread acclaim and debuted at number 39 on the US Billboard 200. 2016–2017: Prima Donna and Big Fish Theory

On February 23, 2016, <mask> was announced as part of the line up for the 2016 Osheaga Music Festival.On August 25, 2016, <mask> released his second EP, the seven-track Prima Donna, which was accompanied by a short film. On February 3, 2017, <mask> released "BagBak", the first single from his next studio album. A remix of the song was later featured in the trailer for the Marvel Studios film Black Panther. On March 23, 2017, he was featured on the Gorillaz track "Ascension" from their album Humanz. In an interview on Zane Lowe's show Beats 1, he announced his upcoming album would be called Big Fish Theory and released an accompanying single, "Big Fish", which was followed by the album's third single, "Rain Come Down" on June 8, 2017, featuring Ty Dolla Sign. The album was released on June 23 and received with widespread critical acclaim. He and rapper Tyler, the Creator announced on November 15 that they would be doing a tour around North America from January 26 to March 4, 2018.<mask> then collaborated with film composer Hans Zimmer on a remix of the UEFA Champions League Anthem for the FIFA 19 reveal trailer. On December 15, <mask> and celebrated singer and song-writer Billie Eilish released the single "&Burn", which would later appear on the reissue of Eilish's EP Don't Smile at Me later that month. The song was certified gold in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) on April 2, 2020. 2018–present: FM!, The <mask> Show and self-titled album

In 2018, <mask> set up a GoFundMe page titled "Get the Fuck Off My Dick" seeking $2 million as a response to people criticizing his work; they could pay to have him retire early. However, it was briefly taken down given the low response. The money made from the page was subsequently donated to the Michelle Obama Neighborhood Library in Long Beach. On October 2, <mask> released his third studio album FM!.Produced primarily by Kenny Beats, the album is framed as a radio station takeover, featuring recurring skits hosted by Los Angeles radio host Big Boy. In December 2018, <mask> contributed the track "Home" to the Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse soundtrack, which was originally previewed in the movie's trailer in December 2017. In 2019, he released three singles: "So What? ", "Sheet Music" and "Ad 01: Hell Bound", with the first two singles released alongside episodes from his YouTube Show The <mask> Show. In April 2021, <mask> said he was scheduled to release an album in mid-2021, titled <mask>. It was eventually released on July 9, to critical acclaim. <mask> was also developing a Netflix show and working on another album under the working title Ramona Park Broke My Heart.Other ventures
Corporate sponsorship
Since 2015, <mask> has appeared in advertising campaigns for Sprite and promoted the brand through his Twitter feed. Philanthropy
On June 14, 2016, <mask> announced his assistance in a YMCA program that will benefit young people in North Long Beach. The Youth Institute would teach graphic design, 3D printing, product design, music production and film making to 20 eighth and ninth graders at Hamilton Middle School. <mask> donated an undisclosed amount to the program. Personal life
<mask> has stated that he has never drunk alcohol or used illicit drugs, and that he follows a straight edge lifestyle. He is of African-American and Haitian descent and lives in Southern California. <mask> is a fan of the Los Angeles Clippers.He is also an avid fan of modern art and has referenced the feminist French-American sculptor Louise Bourgeois in his song "Rain Come Down" and stated his appreciation for painter and photographer Richard Prince. Discography

 Summertime '06 (2015)
 Big Fish Theory (2017)
 FM! (2018)
 <mask> (2021)
 Ramona Park Broke My Heart'' (2022)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 <mask> by Simone White—BOMB Magazine

1993 births
Living people
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American rappers
African-American male rappers
Alternative hip hop musicians
American rappers of Haitian descent
Crips
Gangsta rappers
Musicians from Long Beach, California
Rappers from Los Angeles
West Coast hip hop musicians
21st-century African-American musicians

masks:
Vincent Jamal Staples
Staples
Staples
Staples
Staples
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Staples
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Vince Staples


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Julien Christian Lutz (born October 31, 1975), credited professionally as Director <mask>, is a Canadian filmmaker, commercial director, music video director, and television director. Having directed more than 100 music videos, he is widely known as a prolific music video director in the industry. He has also directed feature films and television series. Early life
Lutz was born and raised in the Greater Toronto Area, mostly in and around Brampton, and is of mixed Trinidadian and Swiss descent. Career

Early work
Lutz began his career working on several productions; he was a visual consultant on the Hype Williams' 1998 film Belly. Lutz was slated to direct the horror feature Razorwire, though the film never moved into production. Music videos
After working on several of his projects, Lutz became a protégé of Hype Williams.Since the late 1990s, Lutz has directed dozens of music videos for popular artists and been noted for his high-budget, visually distinctive music videos for popular hit singles, including videos for The Wanted, R. Kelly, Usher, Kanye West, Jay-Z, Korn, David Guetta, Nelly Furtado, Sean Paul, Justin Bieber, Drake, Nicki Minaj, T.I., Little Mix, Rihanna, Union J, Fifth Harmony, Miguel, One Direction, Zayn Malik and Iggy Azalea. In 2004, Lutz appeared in Mya Baker's documentary film Silence: In Search of Black Female Sexuality in America. In 2015, Lutz founded his own production company, Popp Rok, in Toronto. In 2017, he appeared on episode 7 of America's Next Top Model Cycle 23, "X Marks The Spot", as the director for a Gypsy-Sports-themed music video. Feature films

Across the Line

In addition to music video directing, Lutz has directed two feature films and a television film; he made his feature directorial debut in 2015 with Across the Line. The film starred Stephan James and the storyline was inspired by the 1989 Cole Harbour District High School race riots. Across the Line was set and shot in Nova Scotia.The first screening of Across the Line was 19 September 2015 at the Atlantic Film Festival where it won the award for "Best Atlantic Feature". The film opened for limited release in British Columbia and Ontario on 8 April 2016, with screenings in various Canadian cities throughout that month. The National Post assessed the film at 2.5/4 stars, noting the story's unwavering focus on racial themes was "to the detriment of the film's depth and realism" but noted that video producer Director <mask> "makes the transition to feature film-making look easy". In 2017, the film was the subject of an episode of The Filmmakers, the CBC's web talk series on Canadian film. Center Stage: On Pointe

In 2016, he directed the teen drama television film Center Stage: On Pointe. The film stars Nicole Muñoz, Barton Cowperthwaite, Maude Green, Chloe Lukasiak, Kenny Wormald and Peter Gallagher. It premiered on Lifetime on June 25, 2016.The official DVD was released in September 6, 2016. The film was is the third installment in the Center Stage film series, following the 2000 film Center Stage and its sequel, Center Stage: Turn It Up. Variety critic Sonia Saraiya found Center Stage: On Pointe wholly inferior to the original Center Stage, though she complimented Lutz's direction, noting "...though it is frustrating that the film feels like 15-odd low-budget music videos strung together, the dance in those segments, and the way it's filmed, are some of the best parts of the movie." Superfly

In 2018, Lutz directed Superfly, a remake of the 1972 blaxploitation film of the same name. Superfly was released in the United States on June 13, 2018 and received mixed reviews from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 51% based on 73 reviews, and an average rating of 5.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Superfly updates the blaxploitation original with a stylish remake that's short on social subtext, but still exciting and visually arresting enough to offer its own slickly staged action rewards."Varietys Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Shot in a functional, slammed-together manner that's less sensually stylish than you'd expect from a music-video auteur, the film is a competent yet glossy and hermetic street-hustle drug thriller, less a new urban myth than a lavishly concocted episode. It holds your attention yet leaves you with nothing." Nelly featuring Christina Aguilera - "Tilt Ya Head Back"
Akon - "Ghetto"
Usher featuring Ludacris and Lil Jon - "Yeah"

2003
Clipse featuring Faith Evans - "Ma, I Don't Love Her"
G-Unit - "Poppin' Them Thangs"
Ginuwine - "There It Is"
Keshia Chanté - "Bad Boy"
Sean Paul featuring Sasha - "I'm Still In Love With You"
Timbaland featuring Missy Elliott and Magoo - "Cop That Disk"
Loon - "How You Want That"
John Mayer - "Clarity"
Sean Paul - "Get Busy"
Kelis - "Trick Me"
Jay-Z featuring Pharrell Williams - "Excuse Me Miss"
Melanie Durrant featuring Common - "Where I'm Goin'"
Daniel Bedingfield - "Gotta Get Thru This"

2002
Aaliyah - "I Care 4 U"
Craig David - "What's Your Flava?" Sean Paul - "Gimme the Light"
Benzino - "Rock The Party"
Tweet - "Boogie / Smoking Cigarettes (unreleased)"
Nelly - "Hot in Herre"
Eve featuring Alicia Keys - "Gangsta Lovin'"
Alicia Keys - "How Come U Don't Call Me Anymore?" Eric Benét featuring Faith Evans - "Georgy Porgy"
Marvelous 3 - "Freak of the Week"
Mystikal featuring Outkast - "Neck Uv Da Woods"
Ice Cube featuring Mack 10 and Ms. Toi - "You Can Do It" (co-directed with Cameron Casey)

1998
Noreaga featuring Big Pun, Nature, Cam'ron, Jadakiss and Styles P - "Banned from T.V." Made Men featuring The L.O.X. - "Tommy's Theme"
Onyx - "React"
Onyx - "Broke Willies"
Rascalz - "Northern Touch"
Redman - "I'll Bee Dat!"Maestro - "Stick to Your Vision"
Ghetto Concept - "Crazy World"
Glenn Lewis - "Bout Your Love"
Total - "Sittin' Home"
EPMD - "Richter Scale"

Commercials

2008 - McCafe "Kiss" Spot - McDonald's
2010 - Yeo Boyz  - Yeo Valley Organic
2018 - Gap - (fashion)

References

Books
 Henry Keazor, Thorsten Wübbena: Video Thrills The Radio Star. Musikvideos: Geschichte, Themen, Analysen. Bielefeld 2005, p. 111ss. External links
 <mask> Fit

 Director X in Toronto Star

1975 births
Black Canadian filmmakers
Canadian music video directors
Canadian people of Swiss descent
Canadian people of Trinidad and Tobago descent
Living people
Film directors from Toronto
People from Brampton
Juno Award for Video of the Year winners

masks: X X X


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<mask> (born 9 May 1940) is an Australian writer-editor, historian, social activist and academic. He is a recognised authority on Irish emigration to Australia, especially Victoria, since the time of the great Irish Famine (1845-1852). <mask> has a particular interest in the history of the Irish language in Australia, its preservation, and the understanding of its social, cultural and linguistic aspects. He is an Honorary Fellow of the School of Historical and Philosophical Studies at the University of Melbourne. He was awarded a medal of the Order of Australia in June 2009. In 2013 the Senate of the National University of Ireland (NUI) in Dublin conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Literature, honoris causa, for his contribution to Irish Studies in Australia. Formative education
In 1955, aged 15, <mask> was specially chosen to represent Victoria in the Sun Advertiser Youth Travel Group, dubbed "Australia's Schoolboy Ambassadors" which involved an educational journey to parts of the Middle East, Europe, and Great Britain.In 1957 at the age of almost seventeen, <mask> began his seminary studies for the Catholic priesthood at Corpus Christi College at Werribee, a suburb on the southern outskirts of Melbourne. <mask> spent eight years (1957–1964) at this college and experienced the last years of a unique and dedicated way of life and training regimen. He was required to participate in a program of cooperative manual labor somewhat akin to the ancient monastic Rule of St Benedict. Students were required to tend gardens and farm work, carry out maintenance normally performed by tradesmen, and a variety of other tasks which ensured the smooth and efficient running of the college as a religious community. Partly because of the nature of his intended vocation, and partly because the intellectual turbulence of the 1950s and 1960s, <mask>, though officially studying scholastic philosophy and theology, found himself grappling with other issues. These formative questions included the embedded Catholic fear of communism, the anti-social nature of extreme capitalism, the changes seen as needed within the Catholic church, the plight of Australian aborigines, the White Australia policy, the Catholic support of the National Civic Council, the division of Catholics within the Australian Labor Party, and the universal consternation and angst of possible Nuclear warfare. During these eight years <mask> studied and achieved tertiary qualifications in Biblical studies, as well as philosophy and theology.The Catholic Church: the turbulent 1960s
Following his ordination to the priesthood, <mask> involved himself in pastoral work in various churches in the Melbourne Archdiocese. In the mid 1960s <mask> was appointed assistant priest to Con Reis, the parish priest of St Albans. In the turmoil and change of the 1960s <mask> found himself, in addition to his normal priestly duties, challenged by a range of social and moral issues. At the time the catholic-pervaded Australian Labor Party experienced a serious division which led to the off shoot Democratic Labor Party. There were bitterly opposing views about support for General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Some Catholics were passionately advocating rural alternative living as antidote to the evils of capitalism. There was serious moral argument and angst about the indiscriminate atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.Above all there was a fearful consciousness of the nuclear arms race and the possibility of world annihilation. In May 1968 <mask> was assistant priest in the Parish of Frankston. His shocked reaction to the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae (On Human Life) and his disagreement with his archbishop, James Knox, was leading to a personal crisis. With fellow priest, Garry McLoughlin, <mask> had founded an independent magazine for priests and ex-priests entitled "Priests Forum". Its articles were an expression of radicalism, and an attempt at reform within the Catholic Church. This rise of critical thought was clearly stimulated by the Second Vatican Council which had highlighted a broad range of issues which the Catholic Church had to face. In May 1970 <mask> and McLoughlin were instrumental in organising a national meeting of priests in Coogee, a beachside suburb of Sydney.They hoped this conference would discuss some of the burning issues of the day, namely the War in Vietnam, the question of priestly celibacy and the imposition of birth control on married Catholics. These controversial issues did not get much traction due to the resistance of conservatives. It was, however, considered a beginning at some level.An important outcome of the Coogee Conference was the formation of a National Conference of Australian priests. This took place in Sydney in 1970 with the participation of 400 priests from all over Australia. This National Conference of Priests was still active in 2020. <mask> and McLoughlin, on their return to Melbourne, became openly critical of their own Archbishop James Knox and his support for the Vietnam War. Shortly after, <mask> requested leave from the priesthood and after several months returned to life as a private citizen and anti-war activist.Post priesthood: life as a private citizen

"House of Hospitality"
On leaving the catholic ministry, <mask> became involved with a group of dynamic and idealistic young Catholics who, in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Fitzroy, informally practised community living, voluntary poverty, and open house hospitality including the provision of caring accommodation for homeless men. The original instigators of this house in June 1969 were <mask>’s brother, <mask>, a former worker for the Salvation Army, and Mary Doyle, a social worker who had been assisting alcoholics. It was also home for Vietnam War Draft Resisters during the time of opposition to the Vietnam War. These included Michael Hammill-Green, Tony Dalton, Merv Langford, John Wallen and Roger Naphthine. <mask> and Doyle risked imprisonment themselves by harbouring fugitives from the law in Victoria and from other states. Insiders began referring to it as the “house of hospitality”, a reference to the Catholic Worker Movement in New York. It continued for seven and half years.Australian Tour of Dorothy Day
In late 1970, <mask> closely assisted in the organisation of the Australian tour of the New York based catholic social reformer and peace radical, Dorothy Day, organised by Roger Pryke. While in Melbourne <mask> and his associates arranged an address by Dorothy Day on the American Catholic Worker movement at Melbourne University. <mask> also assisted in the organising of the Sydney Town Hall meeting of Vietnam Moratorium Supporters convened by Dr Jim Cairns and featuring discourses by Dorothy Day and her companion Eileen Egan. In 1976 <mask> and Doyle visited Dorothy Day in New York. They freely acknowledge the Catholic Worker movement as being a major inspirational influence on their personal lives. Work, Marriage and Study
From 1970 <mask> earned his living as a driver, builder's labourer, and later a proof-reader at the Melbourne Age. <mask> married Mary Doyle in 1974.After several years of study he achieved a doctorate in the Humanities at La Trobe University on religious attitudes to war. <mask> then became a lecturer at Victoria University. During this time he was active in Australian-Irish affairs. He wrote extensively on Australian religious and political issues particularly as convenor of the Melbourne Irish Famine Commemoration committee and as founding editor of Tain, a magazine of Australian Irish affairs, which ceased publication in 2007. Publications
He has published many books, articles and reviews, and has been a co-contributor to historical articles in Irish published by the Irish journal Feasta. He is a member of the Irish Language Association of Australia. Two of his most notable works is Hidden Ireland in Victoria, an overview of the history of the Irish language in the State of Victoria, Australia, and Dorothy Day in Australia, an historical memoir of the American peace activist's visit to Australia at the time of widespread protests to the war in Vietnam.(see publications below). Selected list of key articles and publications

 <mask>, <mask>; Michael Davitt, Melbourne and the Labour Movement, in the Australian Journal of Irish Studies, Vol. 6, pp 25-42

 <mask>, <mask>;Melbourne and the Irish Famine, Irish Famine Commemoration Committee, Melbourne, 6 December 1998 (Booklet)The booklet refers to a monument which is situated in the Burgoyne Reserve, the Strand, Williamstown, Vic. <mask>, <mask>; Printers and New Technology around 1980: an Age Proof Reader's View in The Time of Their Lives - The Eight Day and Working Life, J. Kimber, P. Love (eds. ), Australian Society for the Study of Labour History (Canberra) 2007

 'Ór agus Adhmad: Éireannaigh Bungaree' (with Mary Doyle and Colin Ryan) in Feasta, Márta 2012. <mask>, <mask>; An Irish Rebel in Victoria: Charles Gavan Duffy, Selectors, Squatters and Aborigines in Echoes of Irish Australia - Rebellion to Republic, J. Brownrigg, C. Mongan, R. Reid (eds. ), National Library of Australia (Canberra) 2007

 'Nioclás Ó Domhnaill: Laoch na Gaeilge san Astráil' (with Colin Ryan) in Feasta, Bealtaine 2009

 <mask>, <mask> (editor), Celebrating Freedom of Speech: Fiftieth anniversary of the 1968 papal ban on birth control (the encyclical Humanae Vitae), North Melbourne, 6 October 2019, Publishers: <mask>, Robert Crotty, Des Cahill, Joe Broderick, Michael Costigan, page 5

 <mask>, <mask>, Disturbing the War: Melbourne Catholics and Vietnam, Melbourne, Spectrum, 1993

 Noone, Val (editor and continuity), Nicholas O'Donnell's Autobiography, Ballarat Heritage Services, Bakery Hill Vic; 2017.<mask>, <mask>; Santamaria, War and Christianity: in Ormonde, Paul (editor), Santamaria - The Politics of Fear, Spectrum publications, Richmond, Victoria; 2000

 Noone, <mask> and Naughton, Rachel; Daniel Mannix : His Legacy; Melbourne Diocesan Historical Commission, Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Vic.2014

 <mask>, <mask>,Hidden Ireland in Victoria, Ballarat Heritage Services, Ballarat, 2012

 <mask>, <mask> (ed) with Terry Blake, Mary Doyle and Helen Praetz, Golden Years: Grounds for Hope:Father Golden and the Newman Society 1950-1966; Published by Golden Project, East Burwood. 2008

 <mask>, <mask>, From Roscrea to Beagle Bay: Dan O’Donovan, priest and hermit; Published by Mary Doyle & Val Noone, Fitzroy, 2020  (paperback)

 <mask>, <mask>, Dorothy Day in Australia; Mary Doyle and <mask>, Box 51, Fitzroy, Vic  2020

Further viewing and reading
Historic video of 1970 National Conference of Australian Priests - https://vimeo.com/230104192 -

References

Living people
21st-century Australian historians
Writers from Melbourne
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
La Trobe University alumni
University of Melbourne faculty
20th-century Australian historians
Australian Roman Catholic priests
21st-century Australian male writers
Australian magazine editors
20th-century Australian male writers
1940 births

masks:
Valentine Gabriel Noone
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Val Noone
Val Noone
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