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Herman Earl "<mask>" <mask> (December 12, 1908 – December 22, 1997), was a professional baseball player for 13 years from 1930 to 1943. He played parts of four season in Major League Baseball as an infielder for the Detroit Tigers from 1934 to 1937. He was a member of the 1935 Detroit Tigers team and was the starting third baseman in the 1935 World Series. <mask> also played 12 years of minor league baseball, including stints with Raleigh Capitals (1930–1931), Beaumont Exporters (1932–1933), Toledo Mud Hens (1936–1937), Toronto Maple Leafs (1938–1941), Oklahoma City Indians (1941–1942), Fort Worth Cats (1942), and Minneapolis Millers (1943). After retiring from baseball in 1944, <mask> worked in the insurance business in Cincinnati, Ohio, for 40 years. Early years
<mask> was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1908. He grew up in the west end of Cincinnati.His father was killed in the Argonne Forest in 1918 while serving in World War I. In 1925, his mother was strangled, using <mask>'s school tie, by a friend of his stepfather. <mask> became a homeless orphan at age 15: "Right after my mom died my stepdad kicked my ass out into the snow. He never liked me, anyway. Rightfully so. That was 1925. I'll never forget that year.For a year it was tough, but I toughened up pretty quick. I was living behind a garage in the back end of town, across the Ohio River in Ludlow, Kentucky." Eventually, his grandmother found him and "dragged" him to her house where he lived. Professional baseball career

Minor leagues
<mask> played semi-pro baseball in Cincinnati on a team that won the city championship. The team advanced to the National Amateur Baseball Federation tournament, and <mask> was voted the outstanding shortstop in the tournament. He was discovered by Detroit scout Billy Doyle and signed with the Detroit Tigers. <mask> idolized Ty Cobb as a boy (<mask> referred to Cobb as his "patron saint") and signed with Detroit even though the St. Louis Cardinals were willing to pay more money.<mask> began his professional baseball career playing in the Detroit farm system for the Raleigh Capitals of the Class C Piedmont League. He played for Raleigh in 1930 and 1931. In 1930, he hit .261 with nine triples and two home runs. In 1931, he improved his batting average to .301. <mask> met future Hall of Famer Hank Greenberg when they played together in Raleigh. Greenberg and <mask> were the only two teammates from Raleigh to make it to the major leagues with the Tigers. The two remained friends and teammates through the remainder of <mask>'s career.<mask> appeared in the 1998 documentary about Greenberg, "The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg." In his autobiography, Greenberg recalled <mask> as a "tough little guy even though he weighed only about 150 pounds." Greenberg wrote that, while playing together in Raleigh, <mask> used a gray bat made of Cuban wood that he soaked in water every night, supposedly "to keep it from cracking or chipping." Greenberg recalled: "Flea guarded that bat with his life; he'd fight anybody who came near it." Greenberg also joked about <mask>'s unusual diet: "On the road, he used to eat nothing but dougnuts and bananas. He said they were cheap and filling and stretched his meal money. Flea was the only ballplayer who could show a profit on $1-a-day meal money."Beaumont
In 1932 and 1933, <mask> played for the Beaumont Exporters in the Class A Texas League. The 1932 Beaumont team, managed by Del Baker, won the Texas League championship and included several future Tigers, including <mask>, Hank Greenberg, Schoolboy Rowe, Pete Fox, Elden Auker and Frank Reiber. Each of these players would play together on Detroit's 1934 and 1935 Detroit pennant teams. <mask> later recalled that he frequently got into "fracases" with other players and ended up being hit by pitches more than anyone else. When <mask> claimed not to understand why he got hit so much, a teammate told him: "Then repeat after me: 'I give the pitcher hell, I give the catcher hell, I give the infielders hell, so their control's not so good when you come to the plate.'" While playing in Beaumont, manager Del Baker gave him the nickname "Flea." <mask>'s son recounted: "He kept pestering the manager until the guy said, 'Herman, you're worse than a damn sand flea,' and the 'flea' stuck."<mask> enjoyed the wild atmosphere in the Texas League. He later wrote: "Texas is my favorite state, for a number of reasons. The beer tastes better and the women are prettier. And I love the heat. . . . Texas would've adopted me, I'm telling you right now. I would've been a good ol' Texan. Fact of the matter is, the owner of the Beaumont team wanted to adopt me." In 1933, <mask> had his best season in professional baseball.He raised his batting average to .301 with 25 doubles, 11 triples, 49 stolen bases, and two home runs in 575 at bats. He also drew 93 walks boosting his on-base percentage to .393. The Detroit Free Press praised <mask>'s patience at the plate: "He has a good eye and knows how to wait a pitcher out." Defensively, <mask> became one of the best shortstops in the Texas League, compiling 417 putouts, 433 assists and a .966 fielding percentage. Detroit Tigers

1934 season
After a strong season in Beaumont, <mask> was the subject of a front-page profile in The Sporting News in December 1933. The article noted that he had been Beaumont's starting second baseman in 1933 and a shortstop in 1932. It concluded that <mask> was "not expected to cause the retirement of Charlie Gehringer to the shade of the bench, but there is a strong possibility that he will stay around because of his qualifications as a utility man."<mask> attended spring training with the Tigers in 1934 as the No. 1 rookie in the camp. With Gehringer entrenched at second base, the Tigers sought to convert <mask> Owen. Team owner Frank Navin, not typically verbose in his praise for rookies, stated that he appreciated <mask>'s effort and viewed him as an "old-fashioned player." <mask> made the Tigers' roster in 1934, but was unable to find a spot in the starting lineup. With Charlie Gehringer, Billy Rogell and Marv Owen appearing in all 154 games at second, short and third, there was little room for <mask> even to make an appearance as a backup. He appeared in only 20 games for the 1934 Tigers, none as a starter, and went 1-for-16 for an .063 batting average.His most memorable moment on September 16 in the middle of the Tigers' pennant drive. <mask> was placed into a game as a pinch runner for Ray Hayworth. With one out, Jo Jo White hit a slow ground ball to the second baseman; <mask> began running with the crack of the bat and when the second baseman threw to first, <mask> rounded third and scored the winning run. Playing on <mask>'s small size, the Detroit press dubbed the play the "hidden runner" trick. The Tigers won the 1934 American League pennant, but <mask> saw no action in the 1934 World Series. 1935 season
In January 1935, <mask> heard that the Tigers were considering sending him to the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League. He drove through a snowstorm from his home in Cincinnati to Detroit to make a personal plead to club owner Frank Navin: "Don't send me away from the Tigers without another chance. . . . Give me a chance to fight for my job."Navin was impressed and withdrew the plan to send <mask> to Hollywood. With the Tigers' veteran infield returning, the 1935 season began for <mask> much like the 1934 season. Gehringer and Rogell appeared in 150 games, but Owen missed 19 games at third. <mask> filled in for Owen, starting 19 games at third base and also starting four games at second and two at shortstop. <mask> appeared in a total of 45 games for the 1935 Tigers and improved his batting average to .255 with nine RBIs. In the 1935 World Series, <mask> started the series on the bench. However, Hank Greenberg broke his wrist in Game 2, and Marv Owen was moved from third base to first base to fill in for Greenberg.With Owen vacating third, <mask> stepped in as the starting third baseman for the remainder of the Series. <mask> was hitless in 16 at bats in the Series, and later recalled: "I never hit the ball harder than I did in the '35 Series, but I couldn't buy a base hit." Though he was unable to hit, <mask> walked twice, scored a key run and contributed defensively to the 1935 World Series championship. In Game 4, <mask> scored the winning run to put the Tigers ahead, 3 games to 1. With two out in the sixth inning, <mask> hit a long, high line fly to deep left field. Chicago's Augie Galan misplayed the ball, and <mask> wound up on second base. Pitcher Alvin Crowder then came to bat and hit an "easy roller" through the infield, and <mask> scored standing up from second base.<mask> also made a significant contribution to the Tigers' decisive Game 6 victory. With the Cubs ahead, 3–2, Stan Hack hit a double in the 6th inning. When Hack tried to score from second base later in the inning, <mask> positioned himself in the base path as Hack attempted to round third base. Hack was called out when he tried to run around <mask>. Hack protested that he had not left the base path, but the call was upheld. The Tigers scored twice after Hack was called out and won the game, 4–3. 1936 and 1937 seasons
<mask> saw limited action with the Tigers in 1936 and 1937.In 1936, he appeared in only 13 games for the Tigers and compiled a .192 batting average. He spent some of the season with the Tigers' farm team, appearing in 19 games for the Toledo Mud Hens. In 1937, <mask> was left with the Mud Hens for most of the season. He appeared in 107 games in Toledo and compiled a .253 batting average with 18 doubles, three triples, and four home runs. When Charlie Gehringer pulled a ligament during the 1937 season, <mask> was recalled to the Tigers to play second base. He appeared in 15 games for the 1937 Tigers, managing only five hits in 43 at bats for a .114 batting average. <mask> appeared in his last major league game on July 1, 1937.With Gehringer healthy, the Tigers sent <mask> back to Toledo subject to recall on 24-hour notice. In January 1938, the Tigers gave <mask> an outright release, selling him to the Toronto Maple Leafs. Veteran Detroit sports writer Sam Greene paid tribute to <mask> upon his final, unconditional release by the Tigers. Greene wrote:"The definite departure of the versatile <mask> will be accepted with a measure of regret by those who appreciate hustling abilities in an athlete. <mask> has no superior in aggressive spirit. To him a ball game, regardless of the state of the score, was always worthy of his best efforts." Greene concluded that, despite <mask>'s zest for the game, he could not overcome the simple physical reality that he was too "undersized and frail" to compete in the major leagues.Return to the minors
After leaving the Tigers, <mask> played eight more years in the minor leagues. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs in the International League from 1938 to 1941, the Oklahoma City Indians in the Texas League from 1941 to 1942, and the Fort Worth Cats in the Texas League in 1942. <mask> concluded his professional baseball career in 1943, playing 150 games for the Minneapolis Millers in the American Association. <mask> compiled a .282 batting average and 56 RBIs for the 1943 Millers. <mask> retired from baseball when an offer to make him manager in Minneapolis was revoked: "I had a really good year. They were going to make me manager, but then they gave it to Zeke Bonura, who was coming out of the service. I said the hell with it.I had three kids and I didn't like to travel. I started in the insurance business, another career." Family and later years
<mask> was married to his wife, Marcella, in 1931. Their children included son, Kerry, and daughters, Arlene, Carol and Gwenn. After retiring from baseball in 1944, <mask> returned to his hometown of Cincinnati. He became an insurance agent and worked for 40 years at the George R. Hammerlein Insurance agency, eventually holding the title of vice president. <mask> also served for many years as a sandlot baseball coach in the Greater Cincinnati Knothole Association, where his Bridgetown and Harrison teams "won several city and national championships."His son, <mask>, recalled his father's days as a coach: "When you played for him, he'd tell you he'd promise you three things: a little sweat, a little blood and victory . . . He'd take everybody's castoffs and mold them into championship teams." In December 1997, <mask> died of complications from a stroke at Franciscan Hospital-Western Hills Hospital in Cincinnati. He was buried at the Bridgetown Cemetery in Hamilton County, Ohio. See also
1935 Detroit Tigers season

References

1908 births
1997 deaths
Baseball players from Cincinnati
Beaumont Exporters players
Cincinnati Reds scouts
Detroit Tigers players
Fort Worth Cats players
Major League Baseball infielders
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
Oklahoma City Indians players
Raleigh Capitals players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players

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<mask>, <mask> (27 March 1797 – 17 September 1863) was a French poet and early leader of French Romanticism. He also produced novels, plays, and translations of Shakespeare. Biography
Vigny was born in Loches (a town to which he never returned) into an aristocratic family. His father was a 60-year-old veteran of the Seven Years' War who died before Vigny's 20th birthday; his mother, 20 years younger, was a strong-willed woman who was inspired by Rousseau and took personal responsibility for Vigny's early education. His maternal grandfather, the <mask>, had served as commodore in the royal navy. Vigny grew up in Paris, and took preparatory studies for the École Polytechnique at the Lycée Bonaparte, obtaining a good knowledge of French history and the Bible before developing an "inordinate love for the glory of bearing arms". As was the case for every noble family, the French Revolution diminished the family's circumstances considerably.After Napoléon's defeat at Waterloo, a Bourbon, Louis XVIII, the brother of Louis XVI, was restored to power, and in 1814 Vigny enrolled in one of the privileged aristocratic companies of the Maison du Roi (king's guard) as a second lieutenant. Though he was promoted to first lieutenant in 1822 and to captain the following year, the military profession in time of peace bored him. After taking several leaves of absence he abandoned military life in 1827, having already published his first poem Le Bal in 1820 and an ambitious narrative poem Éloa in 1824 on the popular romantic theme of the redemption of Satan. Prolonging successive leaves from the army, he settled in Paris with his young English bride Lydia Bunbury, whom he married in Pau in 1825. He collected his recent works in January 1826 in Poèmes antiques et modernes. Three months later he published the first important historical novel in French, Cinq-Mars, based on the life of Louis XIII's favorite Henri Coiffier <mask>, Marquis of Cinq-Mars, who conspired against the <mask> Richelieu. With the success of these two volumes, Vigny seemed to be the rising star of the Romantic movement, though one of Vigny's best friends, Victor Hugo, soon usurped that role.Vigny wrote of Hugo: "The Victor I loved is no more... now he likes to make saucy remarks and is turning into a liberal, which does not suit him." Unlike Hugo and Alphonse <mask>, who moved gradually to the center and then to the left during the 1830s, Vigny remained pliantly centrist in his politics: he accepted the July monarchy, at first welcomed and then rejected the Second French Republic, and then supported Napoleon III. Vigny later denounced members of his inner circle whom he suspected of republican sympathies to the imperial police. The visit of an English theater troupe to Paris in 1827 revived French interest in Shakespeare. Vigny worked with Emile Deschamps on a translation of Romeo and Juliet. In 1831 he presented his first original play, La Maréchale d'Ancre, a historical drama recounting the events leading up to the reign of King Louis XIII. Attending the theater, he met the great actress Marie Dorval, and became her jealous lover until 1838.(<mask>'s wife had become a near invalid and never learned to speak French fluently; they had no children, and Vigny was also disappointed when his father-in-law's remarriage deprived the couple of an anticipated inheritance.) In 1835 Vigny produced a drama titled Chatterton, based on the life of Thomas Chatterton, with Marie Dorval starring as Kitty Bell. Chatterton is considered to be one of the best of the French romantic dramas and is still performed regularly. The story of Chatterton had inspired one of the three episodes of Vigny's philosophical novel Stello (1832), in which he examined the relationship of poetry to society and concluded that the poet, doomed to be regarded with suspicion in every social order, must remain somewhat aloof and apart from the social order. Servitude et grandeur militaires (1835) was a similar tripartite meditation on the condition of the soldier. Although Vigny gained success as a writer, his personal life was not happy. His marriage was a disappointment; his relationship with Marie Dorval was plagued by jealousy; and his literary talent was eclipsed by the achievements of others.He grew embittered. After the death of his mother in 1838 he inherited the property of Maine-Giraud, near Angoulême, where it was said that he had withdrawn to his 'ivory tower' (an expression Sainte-Beuve coined with reference to Vigny). There Vigny wrote some of his most famous poems, including La Mort du loup and La Maison du berger. Proust regarded La Maison du berger as the greatest French poem of the 19th century. In 1845, after several unsuccessful attempts to be elected, Vigny became a member of the Académie française. In later years, Vigny ceased to publish. He continued to write, however, and his Journal is considered by modern scholars to be a great work in its own right, though it awaits a definitive scholarly edition.Vigny considered himself a thinker as well as a literary author; he was, for example, one of the first French writers to take a serious interest in Buddhism. His own philosophy of life was pessimistic and stoical, but celebrated human fraternity, the growth of knowledge, and mutual assistance as high values. He was the first in literary history to use the word spleen in the sense of woe, grief, gall, descriptive of the condition of the soul of modern man. In his later years he spent much time preparing the posthumous collection of poems now known as Les Destinées, for which his intended title was Poèmes philosophiques. It concludes with Vigny's final message to the world, L'Esprit pur. Vigny developed what is believed to have been stomach cancer in his early sixties. He endured its torments with exemplary stoicism for several years: 'When we see what we were on Earth and what we leave behind/Only silence is great; everything else is weakness.'() <mask> died in Paris on 17 September 1863, a few months after the death of his wife. He was buried beside her in the Cimetière de Montmartre in Paris. Several of his works were published posthumously. Works
 Le Bal  (1820). Poèmes (1822). Éloa, ou La Sœur des Anges (1824). Poèmes Antiques et Modernes (1826).Cinq-Mars (1826). Roméo et Juliette (1828, translation of Romeo and Juliet). Shylock (1828, adapted from the original by William Shakespeare). Le More de Venise (1829, translation of Othello). La Maréchale d'Ancre (1830). L'Almeh: Scènes du Désert (1831, unfinished). Stello (1832).Quitte pour la Peur (1833). Servitude et Grandeur Militaires (1835). Chatterton (1835). Daphné (1837, unfinished). Les Destinées (1864, illustrated by Nicolas Eekman in 1933.). Journal d'un Poète (1867). Œuvres Complètes (1883–1885).References

Further reading

 Bianco, Joseph (1990). "A Moveable Exile: <mask> <mask>'s 'Moise'," Modern Language Studies, Vol. XX, No. 3, pp. 78–91. Chamard, Henri (1917). "<mask> Vigny," The Modern Language Review, Vol.XII, No. 4, pp. 450–468. Compton, C.G. (1903). "<mask> <mask>," The Living Age, Vol. CCXXXVI, pp.270–278. Croce, <mask> (1924). "<mask> Vigny." In: European Literature in the Nineteenth Century. London: Chapman & Hall, pp. 131–144. Denommé, Robert Thomas (1989).Nineteenth-century French Romantic Poets. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia
 Dey, William Morton (1936). "The Pessimism and Optimism of <mask> <mask>," Studies in Philology, Vol. XXXIII, No. 3, pp. 405–416. Doolittle, James (1967).<mask> <mask>. New York: Twayne Publishers. Draper, F.W.M. (1923). The Rise and Fall of the French Romantic Drama. New York: E.P. Dutton & Company.François, Victor E. (1906). "Sir Walter Scott and <mask> <mask>," Modern Language Notes, Vol. XXI, No. 5, pp. 129–134. Gauthier, Théophile (1906). "<mask> Vigny."In: Portraits of the Day. New York: The Jenson Society, pp. 171–174. Gosse, Edmund (1905). "<mask> Vigny." In: French Profiles. London: William Heinemann, pp.1–34. Gribble, Francis (1910). The Passions of the French Romantics. London: Chapman & Hall. Hay, Camilla H. (1945). "The Basis and Character of <mask> <mask>'s Stoicism," The Modern Language Review, Vol. XL, No.4, pp. 266–278. Higgins, D. (1949). "Social Pessimism in <mask> <mask>," The Modern Language Review, Vol. XLIV, No. 3, pp. 351–359.Hope, William G. (1939). "The 'Suffering Humanitarian' Theme in Shelly's Prometheus Unbound and in Certain Poems of <mask> Vigny," The French Review, Vol. XII, No. 5, pp. 401–410. Majewski, Henry F. (1989). Paradigm & Parody: Images of Creativity in French Romanticism.Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia. McLeman–Carnie, Janette (1998). "Monologue: A Dramatic Strategy in <mask> <mask>'s Rhetoric," Nineteenth-Century French Studies, Vol. XXVI, No. 3/4, pp. 253–265. Mill, John Stuart (1859)."Writings of <mask> <mask>." In: Dissertations and Discussions, Vol. I. London: John W. Parker & Son, pp. 287–329. Rooker, J.K. (1914). "The Optimism of <mask> Vigny," The Modern Language Review, Vol. IX, No.1, pp. 1–11. Smith, Maxwell (1939). "<mask> <mask>, Founder of the French Historical Novel," The French Review, Vol. XIII, No. 1, pp. 5–13.Sokolova, T.V. (1973). "<mask> Vigny and the July Revolution, 1830–1831," Nineteenth-Century French Studies, Vol. I, No. 4, pp. 235–251. Whitridge, Arnold (1933).<mask> <mask>. London, New York: Oxford University Press. External links

 Works by <mask> <mask>, at Hathi Trust

1797 births
1863 deaths
19th-century French dramatists and playwrights
19th-century French male writers
19th-century French novelists
19th-century French poets
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
Counts of France
French male novelists
French male poets
French monarchists
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
Members of the Académie Française
People from Loches
Philosophical pessimists
Poètes maudits
Romantic poets
Writers from Centre-Val de Loire
19th-century diarists

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<mask> (December 3, 1928 – September 1, 2019) was an American author, essayist and journalist. Her published works include two novels, two volumes of memoirs, and a book of collected essays. <mask> was the United States cultural correspondent for Spain's "newspaper-of-record", El País of Madrid. <mask> was awarded the 25th Francisco Cerecedo Prize by the Association of European Journalists in Spain. The prize, which comes with an award of $36,000, is the most prestigious journalism prize in that country, and <mask> was the first North American to receive it. She accepted the award from the future King of Spain Prince Felipe at a gala in Madrid. In January 2008, <mask> was part of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's "dream team" of 14 international experts in Madrid, a team that included Professors Joseph Stiglitz, Jeremy Rifkin and Nicholas Stern.In 2007 <mask> received the United Nations/Women Together Award which pays tribute "to a group of women who share...a commitment to their work, and a devotion to making the world a better place.". She was a member of the graduate faculty of Sarah Lawrence College and a distinguished visiting professor at the Menéndez Pelayo International University in Spain. Biography

Born in New York City, <mask> would go on to become a writer whose interests, from the beginning, were global. A graduate of the Dalton School in New York City, after World War II she bypassed college in America to go to Europe. She studied at the Sorbonne in France. In 1948, <mask> and <mask> (the sister of Norman Mailer) aided Paco Benet in the rescue of two Spanish students being held in the Franco gulag near Madrid, where they were used as slave labor to build Francisco Franco's future tomb, The Valley of the Fallen/Valle de los Caídos. One of the students, Nicolas Sanchez Albornoz was the son of the historian Claudio Sanchez Albornoz, the president of the Spanish Republic in Exile.<mask> and Paco Benet, brother of the Madrid novelist Juan Benet, spent five years together, mainly in Paris, where Benet and <mask> edited the resistance magazine Peninsula together. When <mask> returned to New York she enrolled in the School of General Studies at Columbia University, where she received her BS with honors in Spanish in 1960. <mask>'s father, J. Anthony <mask>, was Woodrow Wilson's youngest campaign manager before he served in the United States Army during World War I. He was gassed in the trenches while stationed in France as a private, resulting in a three-year stay in an American army hospital there. <mask>'s cousin, the Austrian writer Joseph Roth, was a soldier serving on the German/Austrian side. Probst returned to New York after the war to become a successful lawyer. Later he bought the Self Winding Clock Company from Standard Oil, which was affiliated with Western Union.<mask>'s mother, Frances Kurke <mask>, worked as a middy blouse model during World War I; after her marriage she attended Columbia University and became an artist. She was a student of Julio de Diego. Her art and work were much influenced by that of Kurt Schwitters. Writing
<mask> was a regular correspondent for The Huffington Post. <mask> mooted the idea that F S Fitzgerald based his book the Great Gatsby on his time with his new wife Zelda in Westport Connecticut rather than Long Island as is commonly accepted. This theory has been turned into a film entitled Gatsby in Connecticut. Books

<mask>'s books included the novel The Beat of Life (1969, 2nd edition 1999, Great Marsh Press) and her memoir Arriving Where We Started (1972; revised edition 1999), which won the Pablo Antonio de Olavide prize in Barcelona "for being the best, most literary account of the intellectual resistance to Franco."Carolyn See of The New York Times, in her review of <mask>'s 1983 Short Flights, said, "This is a remarkable memoir." <mask>'s other work included the essay collection Horse-Trading and Ecstasy (1989), the novel Smart Hearts in the City (1992) and the American edition of Operation Ogro: The Execution of Admiral Luis Carrero Blanco (Quadrangle, 1975) Operación Ogro. <mask> completed a new novel, The King of Paris, about Vichy France; the first chapter appeared in The Reading Room: Writing of the Moment/7-Summer 2007. Her essays and articles appeared in The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The Wall Street Journal, The [Huffington Post], The New Yorker, New York Sun, Slate, The Washington Post, The Los Angeles Times, Harpers,  Doubletake, Vogue, The New Republic, Cambio 16, Dissent, Partisan Review, L'infini (Gallimard), L'Evenement du Jeudi and Letras Libres. Stanley Crouch, writing in The All-American Skin Game, comments, "<mask>t <mask>'s famous essay about the posthumous, high-handed editing down of The Garden of Eden mightily shook Scribner's voodoo Hemingway industry when it was published in a 1987 issue of The New Republic. That investigative essay impressed the way first-class detective work always does, supplying the pleasure of witnessing the covers pulled off a serious fraud. But her 1992 novel, Smart Hearts in the City, is a banana peel that can slide us out of our customary disappointment with the short range and the low ambition of contemporary American fiction....The mulatto textures of Katy Becker's world and the many, many ways in which <mask>bst <mask> has elevated her epic sense of Americana into literature, subtle to raw, is an achievement that should take a lasting place in the writing about the riddle of the human spirit as expressed within the context of this polyglot nation's bittersweet and stinking little secrets."Documentary film

The film When the War Was Over, her memoir-documentary based on Arriving Where We Started, which premiered in 1999 on PBS and on Canal Plus in Europe, won the Lancelot Law Whyte Award at Boston University for its contribution to modern culture. Awards and activism

In 2002 she started the literary journal The Reading Room: Writing of the Moment, with the founding Board of Larry Rivers, Norman Mailer, Saul Bellow and Donald Maggin, and continues to serve as publisher and editor-in-chief. The Reading Room's goal is to feature work by both well-known and emerging writers. In 2005 <mask> became the first North American and second woman to receive the Premio Antonio de Sancha awarded annually by the Association of Madrid Editors to a person distinguished for upholding universal cultural and literary values. Previous recipients include Jack Lang, former French Minister of Culture; Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo, past President of Uruguay; actress Nuria Espert; Federico Mayor Zaragoza, former director general of UNESCO; and the Prix Goncourt winner Amin Maalouf. In May 2007, <mask> received the United Nations/Women Together Award, which honors women who "share a dedication to stand out in their individual activities, a commitment to their work, and a devotion to making the world a better place. Their efforts have made them symbols, icons and examples to the women of this century, giving hope for the future and creating a legacy for the next generations."In addition to <mask>, the 2007 awardees included artist Louise Bourgeois, Spanish television journalist Rosa Maria Calaf, Iranian lawyer Shirin Ebadi, Spanish economist Isabel Estape, theatrical and television producer Francine LeFrak, Wangari Maathal, the first African woman to be awarded the Nobel Prize, and Vasundhara Raje, the first woman Chief Minister of the State of Rajasthan. Family life

<mask> was married to University of Southern California law professor Harold W<mask>, who died in 1967 at the age of 44. She also had two daughters, <mask> Magliocco and <mask>, and four grandchildren. She died at her Manhattan home on September 1, 2019, at the age of 90. References

1928 births
2019 deaths
Journalists from New York City
Writers from New York City
Order of Arts and Letters of Spain recipients
American women journalists
20th-century American journalists
Sarah Lawrence College faculty
20th-century American essayists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American essayists
21st-century American women writers
American women essayists
American women novelists
American women academics

masks:
Barbara Probst Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Barbara Mailer
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Probst
Probst
Solomon
Probst
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Barbara Probs
Solomon
Barbara Pro
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
Solomon
. Solomon
Carla Solomon
Maria Solomon


texts:
Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (18 August 1856 – 2 January 1927), primarily known by his Hebrew name and pen name <mask> (, lit. 'one of the people', Genesis 26:10), was a Hebrew essayist, and one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers. He is known as the founder of cultural Zionism. With his secular vision of a Jewish "spiritual center" in Israel, he confronted Theodor Herzl. Unlike Herzl, the founder of political Zionism, Ha'am strived for "a Jewish state and not merely a state of Jews". Biography
Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (<mask>'am) was born in Skvyra, in the Kiev Governorate of the Russian Empire (present-day Ukraine) to pious well-to-do Hasidic parents. At eight years old, he began to teach himself to read Russian.His father, Isaiah, sent him to heder until he was 12. When Isaiah became the administrator of a large estate in a village in the Kiev district, he moved the family there and took private tutors for his son, who excelled at his studies. Ginsberg was critical of the dogmatic nature of Orthodox Judaism but remained loyal to his cultural heritage, especially the ethical ideals of Judaism. He married Rivke at the age of 17. They had two children, Shlomo and Rachel. In 1886 he settled in Odessa with his parents, wife and children, and entered the family business. In 1908, following a trip to Palestine, Ginsberg moved to London to manage the office of the Wissotzky Tea company.He settled in Tel Aviv in early 1922, where he served as a member of the Executive Committee of the city council until 1926. Plagued by ill health, Ginsberg died there in 1927. Zionist activism
In his early thirties, Ginsberg returned to Odessa where he was influenced by Leon Pinsker, a leader of the Hovevei Zion (Lovers of Zion) movement whose goal was settlement of Jews in Palestine. Unlike Pinsker, Ginsberg did not believe in political Zionism, which he fought, 'with a vehemence and austerity which embittered that whole period'. Instead he hailed the spiritual value of the Hebrew renaissance to counter the debilitating fragmentation (hitpardut) in the diaspora, he believed that the ingathering of Jews in Palestine was not an answer. Kibbutz galuyot was a messianic ideal rather than a feasible contemporary project. The real answer lay in achieving a spiritual centre, or 'central domicile', within Palestine, that of Eretz Israel, which would form an exemplary model for the dispersed world of Jewry in exile to imitate; a spiritual focus for the circumferential world of the Jewish diaspora.He split from the Zionist movement after the First Zionist Congress, because he felt that Theodor Herzl's program was impractical. From 1889 to 1906, Ginzberg flourished as a preeminent intellectual in Zionist politics. Journalism career
In 1896, Ahad Ha'am founded the Hebrew monthly Ha-Shiloaḥ, the leading Hebrew-language literary journal in the early twentieth century. It was published in Warsaw by Ahiasaf. It was  a vehicle to promote Jewish nationalism  and  a platform for discussion of past and present issues relevant to Judaism. The name was taken from a river mentioned in Isaiah 8:6, “The waters of Shiloaḥ flow slowly,” alluding to the moderate stance of the paper. Visits to Palestine

Ahad Ha'am travelled frequently to Palestine and published reports about the progress of Jewish settlement there.They were generally glum. They reported on hunger, on Arab dissatisfaction and unrest, on unemployment, and on people leaving Palestine. In an essay soon after his 1891 journey to the area he warned against the 'great error', noticeable among Jewish settlers, of treating the fellahin with contempt, of regarding 'all Arabs a(s) savages of the desert, a people similar to a donkey'. <mask> Ha'am made his first trip to Palestine in 1891. The trip was prompted by concern that the Jaffa members of B'nai Moshe were mishandling land purchases for prospective immigrants and contributing to soaring land prices. His reputation as Zionism's major internal critic has its roots in the essay "A Truth from Eretz Yisrael" published in pamphlet form shortly after his visit in 1891. In 1891, <mask> Ha'am wrote about his perceptions of Palestine:
"We who live abroad are accustomed to believe that almost all Eretz Yisrael is now uninhabited desert and whoever wishes can buy land there as he pleases.But this is not true. It is very difficult to find in the land [ha'aretz] cultivated fields that are not used for planting. Only those sand fields or stone mountains that would require the investment of hard labour and great expense to make them good for planting remain uncultivated and that's because the Arabs do not like working too much in the present for a distant future. Therefore, it is very difficult to find good land for cattle. And not only peasants, but also rich landowners, are not selling good land so easily...We who live abroad are accustomed to believing that the Arabs are all wild desert people who, like donkeys, neither see nor understand what is happening around them. But this is a grave mistake. The Arab, like all the Semites, is sharp minded and shrewd.All the townships of Syria and Eretz Yisrael are full of Arab merchants who know how to exploit the masses and keep track of everyone with whom they deal – the same as in Europe. The Arabs, especially the urban elite, see and understand what we are doing and what we wish to do on the land, but they keep quiet and pretend not to notice anything. For now, they do not consider our actions as presenting a future danger to them. … But, if the time comes that our people's life in Eretz Yisrael will develop to a point where we are taking their place, either slightly or significantly, the natives are not going to just step aside so easily. In his book Wrestling with Zion, he urged the Jews
"not to provoke the anger of the native people by doing them wrong...we should be cautious in our dealings with a foreign people among whom we returned to live, to handle these people with love and respect and, needless to say, with justice and good judgment. And what do our brothers do? Exactly the opposite!They were slaves in their Diasporas, and suddenly they find themselves with unlimited freedom, wild freedom that only a country like Turkey [the Ottoman Empire] can offer. This sudden change has planted despotic tendencies in their hearts, as always happens to former slaves ['eved ki yimlokh – when a slave becomes king – Proverbs 30:22]. They deal with the Arabs with hostility and cruelty, trespass unjustly, beat them shamefully for no sufficient reason, and even boast about their actions. There is no one to stop the flood and put an end to this despicable and dangerous tendency. Our brothers indeed were right when they said that the Arab only respects he who exhibits bravery and courage. But when these people feel that the law is on their rival's side and, even more so, if they are right to think their rival's actions are unjust and oppressive, then, even if they are silent and endlessly reserved, they keep their anger in their hearts. And these people will be revengeful like no other.""<mask> Ha'am believed that Zionism must bring Jews to Palestine gradually, while turning it into a cultural centre. At the same time, it was incumbent upon Zionism to inspire a revival of Jewish national life in the Diaspora. Only then would the Jewish people be strong enough to assume the mantle of building a nation state. He did not believe that the impoverished settlers of his day would ever build a Jewish homeland. He saw the Hovevei Zion movement of which he was a member as a failure because the new villages were dependent on the largesse of outside benefactors. Importance of Hebrew and Jewish culture
<mask> Ha'am's ideas were popular at a very difficult time for Zionism, beginning after the failures of the first Aliya. His unique contribution was to emphasise the importance of reviving Hebrew and Jewish culture both in Palestine and throughout the Diaspora, something that was recognised only belatedly, when it became part of the Zionist program after 1898.Herzl did not have much use for Hebrew, and many wanted German to be the language of the Jewish state. <mask> Ha'am played an important role in the revival of the Hebrew language and Jewish culture, and in cementing a link between the proposed Jewish state and Hebrew culture. Cultural Zionism
His first article criticizing practical Zionism, called "Lo zu haderekh" (This is not the way) published in 1888 appeared in HaMelitz. In it, he wrote that the Land of Israel will not be capable of absorbing all of the Jewish Diaspora, not even a majority of them. <mask> Ha'am also argued that establishing a "national home" in Zion will not solve the "Jewish problem"; furthermore, the physical conditions in Eretz Yisrael will discourage Aliyah, and thus Hibbat Zion must educate and strengthen Zionist values among the Jewish people enough that they will want to settle the land despite the greatest difficulties. The ideas in this article became the platform for Bnai Moshe  (sons of Moses), a secret society he founded that year. Bnai Moshe, active until 1897, worked to improve Hebrew education, build up a wider audience for Hebrew literature, and assist the Jewish settlements.Perhaps more significant was Derekh Kehayim (1889), Ha'am's attempt to launch a unique movement from a fundamentalist perspective incorporating all the elements of a national revival, but driven by force of intellect. He eclipsed nationalists like Peretz Smolenskin arguing assimilative individualism in the west further alienated Russified Jewry, who were seeking to reduce migration: isolating it beggared Eastern European Jewry. Even those in Hovevei seeking to restrict emigration would, he feared, bring the extinguishment of national consciousness; and atomisation of Jewish identity. Only anti-Semitism had made Jews of us. Derekh argued that nations had waxed and waned throughout history, but nationalism had all but vanished from Jewish consciousness. Only a small group of nobles kept it going. Throughout the 1890s <mask> Ha'am worked to keep the flame of nationalism alive.Emphasis fell on moral concepts, honor of the flag, self-improvement, national revitalisation. A departure occurred in Avdut betokh herut discussing pessimism about the future for independent Jewishness. Critic Simon Dubnov alluded to this but was compromised by his westernised idealizing of French Jewry. For the movement, the preoccupation with assimilation at Odessa was fatal for Ha'am's progressive Zionism. The requirement arose in 1891 for a "spiritual centre" in Palestine; Bnei Moshe's implacable opposition to his support for Vladimir (Zeev] Tiomkin's ideal community at Jaffa compounded the controversy in Emet me'eretz Yisrael (The Truth from the Land of Israel). In 1896, Ginsberg became editor of Hashiloah, a Hebrew monthly, a position he held for six years. After stepping down as editor in 1903, he went back to the business world with the Wissotzky Tea Company.In 1897, following the Basel Zionist Congress calling for a Jewish national home "recognized in international law" (Völkerrechtlich), <mask> Ha'am wrote an article called Jewish State Jewish Problem ridiculing the idea of a Völkerrechtlich state given the pitiful plight of the Jewish settlements in Palestine at the time. He emphasized that without a Jewish nationalist revival abroad, it would be impossible to mobilize genuine support for a Jewish national home. Even if the national home were created and recognized in international law, it would be weak and unsustainable. In 1898, the Zionist Congress adopted the idea of disseminating Jewish culture in the Diaspora as a tool for furthering the goals of the Zionist movement and bringing about a revival of the Jewish people. Bnai Moshe helped to found Rehovot as a model for self-sufficiency, and established Achiasaf, a Hebrew publishing company. Political influence

<mask> Ha'am's influence in the political realm can be ascribed to his charismatic personality and spiritual authority rather than his official functions. For the "Democratic Fraction," a party that espoused cultural Zionism (founded in 1901 by Chaim Weizmann), he served  "as a symbol for the movement's culturalists, the faction's most coherent totem.He was, however, not – certainly not to the extent to which members of this group, especially Chaim Weizmann, would later contend – its chief ideological influence." <mask> Ha'am was a talented negotiator. In this role he was engaged during the "language controversy" that accompanied the founding of the Haifa Technikum (today: the Technion) and in the negotiations culminating in the Balfour Declaration. Legacy and commemoration
Many cities in Israel have streets named after <mask> Ha'am. In Petah Tikva there is a high school named after him, <mask> Ha'am High School. There is also a room named after him at the Beit Ariela Library,  Ahad Ha'am Room. Published works
Ten Essays on Zionism and Judaism, Translated from the Hebrew by Leon Simon, Arno Press, 1973 (reprint of 1922 ed.).Essays, Letters, Memoirs, Translated from the Hebrew and edited by Leon Simon. East and West Library, 1946. Selected Essays, Translated from the Hebrew by Leon Simon. The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1912. Nationalism and the Jewish Ethic; Basic Writings of <mask> Ha'am, Edited and Introduced by Hans Kohn. Schocken Books, 1962

References

Further reading

External links

<mask> Ha'am's biography Knesset website
 Jewish Virtual Library: "<mask> Ha'am (Pen name of Asher Ginsberg)"
 Biography
 "Anticipations and Survivals" (Archived 2009-10-24) (1891)
 <mask> Ha'am (Asher Ginsburg)
 Micha Goodman,Hillel the Elder meets <mask> Ha'am, Eretz Acheret Magazine

1856 births
1927 deaths
People from Skvyra
People from Kiev Governorate
Ukrainian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United Kingdom
British people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
British emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Jews in Mandatory Palestine
Ukrainian essayists
Hebrew language
Modern Hebrew writers
Political writers
Zionist activists
Hovevei Zion
Burials at Trumpeldor Cemetery
Ukrainian Zionists

masks:
Ahad Ha am
Ahad Ha
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad
Ahad


texts:
<mask> (born 2 June 1978) is a Brazilian retired professional mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Welterweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2000, <mask> was the winner of the Battlegrounds MMA's one-night, eight-man tournament, in which he won three fights to become the champion, and has also competed for DEEP. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began fighting in MMA professionally in 2000 at the age of 22 in his native Brazil. One of his earliest losses was to future longtime UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva. He amassed a record of 10-5 before signing with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In April 2007, <mask> debuted with the UFC. He faced Rich Clementi in his debut and won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> then faced Jon Fitch at UFC Fight Night 10. He lost the fight via submission in the second round. In his third UFC fight, <mask> faced Tony DeSouza at UFC 79 on 29 December 2007. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> next faced Kevin Burns at UFC 85 on 7 June 2008. He lost the fight via submission in the second round. For his fifth UFC fight, <mask> faced Ryo Chonan at UFC 88 on 6 September 2008.He lost the fight via split decision. Following this loss, he was released from his contract. Battleground MMA
After fighting sporadically for independent promotions between 2009 and 2013, <mask> signed to compete in a one-night, eight-man tournament for BattleGrounds MMA on 3 October 2014. In the quarterfinals, he defeated Randall Wallace by submission in the first round. In the semifinals, he defeated Trey Houston by TKO in the second round. In the finals, <mask> defeated Brock Larson by unanimous decision to be crowned the tournament champion. UFC return
In December 2014, it was announced that <mask> had been re-signed with the UFC.In his return fight, <mask> replaced Caio Magalhaes against Mark Muñoz on 28 February 2015 at UFC 184. He won the fight via technical submission from a rear-naked choke in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Gegard Mousasi on 27 September 2015 at UFC Fight Night 75. However, <mask> was forced to pull out of the bout in mid-August with an elbow injury and was replaced by Uriah Hall. <mask> faced Derek Brunson on 21 February 2016 at UFC Fight Night 83. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round. <mask> next faced Kenny Robertson on 17 September 2016 at UFC Fight Night 94.He won the fight via split decision. As the last fight of his prevailing contract, <mask> faced Ryan LaFlare on 11 February 2017 at UFC 208. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. UFC elected not to renew <mask>'s contract, making him a free agent. Post-UFC
<mask> then signed a non-exclusive contract with Absolute Championship Akhmat, losing the first two fights against Aslambek Saidov and Husein Kushagov. <mask> returned to action on 30 November 2019 in Auckland, New Zealand where he won WKN Middleweight MMA title by submission in the first round against previously 15-fight undefeated Kelvin Joseph in the main event of WKN World Cup 2019. Acting
<mask> had an acting role as fictional MMA fighter Marco Santos in the MMA movie Warrior.Personal life
Carneiro has a son and a daughter. Cowboy
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 2:38
| Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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|-
| Win
| align=center | 20–9
| Mark Muñoz
| Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
| UFC 184
|
| align=center | 1
| align=center | 1:40
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center | 19–9
| Brock Larson
| Decision (unanimous)
| rowspan=3|BattleGrounds MMA 5: O.N.E.

masks:
Roan Carneiro Pereira
Carneiro
Carneiro
Carneiro
Carneiro
Carneiro
Carneiro
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Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān ibn Thābit b. Zūṭā ibn Marzubān (;  – 767 CE), known as Abū Ḥanīfa for short, or reverently as Imam Abū Ḥanīfa by Sunni Muslims, was an 8th-century Sunni Muslim theologian and jurist of Persian origin, who became the eponymous founder of the Hanafi school of Sunni jurisprudence, which has remained the most widely practiced law school in the Sunni tradition, predominates in Central Asia, Afghanistan, Persia (until the 16th century), Balkans, Russia, Chechnya, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Muslims in India, Turkey, and some parts of the Arab world. Some followers call him al-Imām al-Aʿẓam ("The Greatest Imam") and Sirāj al-aʾimma ("The Lamp of the Imams") in Sunni Islam. Born to a Muslim family in Kufa, <mask> is known to have travelled to the Hejaz region of Arabia in his youth, where he studied in Mecca and Medina. As his career as a theologian and jurist progressed, <mask>a became known for favoring the use of reason in his legal rulings (faqīh dhū raʾy) and even in his theology. <mask>'s theological school is claimed to be what would later develop into the Maturidi school of Sunni theology. Life

Family background
<mask> was born in Kufa in 80 AH, during the reign of the Umayyad caliph Abd al-Malik. His ancestry is generally accepted as being of Persian origin as suggested by the etymology of the names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah).The historian Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi records a statement from <mask>'s grandson, Ismail ibn Hammad, who gave <mask>'s lineage as Thabit ibn Numan ibn Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin. The discrepancy in the names, as given by Ismail of <mask>'s grandfather and great-grandfather, are thought to be due to Zuta's adoption of the Arabic name (Numan) upon his acceptance of Islam and that Mah and Marzban were titles or official designations in Persia, with the latter, meaning a margrave, referring to the noble ancestry of <mask>'s family as the Sasanian Marzbans (equivalent of margraves). The widely accepted opinion, however, is that most probably he was of Persian ancestry . His grandfather, Zuta, may have been captured by Muslim troops in Kabul and sold as a slave in Kufa. There, he was purchased and freed by an Arab tribesman of the Taym Allah, a branch of the Banu Bakr. Zuta and his progeny thereafter became clients (mawali) of the Taym Allah, hence the sporadic references to <mask>a as 'al-Taymi' (i.e. 'of the Taym Allah').It is otherwise held that his family emigrated from Charikar north of Kabul to Baghdad in the eighth century. The Indian scholar Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri reports from the grandson of <mask>, who said, "By God, our family was never a slave to anyone and my grandfather Numan was born in 80 AH." Athar also suggests that Zuta had embraced Islam during the reign of Ali and was named Numan. Early life and scholarship
There is scant biographical information about <mask>. It is generally known that he worked a producer and seller of khazz, a type of silk clothing material. He attended lectures on jurisprudence by the Kufan scholar Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (d. 737). He also possibly learnt jurisprudence (fiqh) by the Meccan scholar Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. ) while on Hajj.According to the historian Joseph Schacht, other scholars <mask> is held to have learned from should be "treated with caution". <mask> succeeded Hammad, when the latter died, as the principal authority on Islamic law in Kufa and the chief representative of the Kufan school of jurisprudence. <mask>a gradually gained influence as an authority on legal questions, founding a moderate rationalist school of Islamic jurisprudence that was named after him. Adulthood and death

In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid caliph offered <mask>a the post of Chief Judge of the State, but he declined the offer, choosing to remain independent. His student <mask> was later appointed Qadi Al-Qudat (Chief Judge of the State) by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid. In his reply to al-Mansur, <mask> said that he was not fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused <mask> of lying."If I am lying," <mask> said, "then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?" Incensed by this reply, the ruler had <mask> arrested, locked in prison and tortured. He was never fed nor cared for. Even there, the jurist continued to teach those who were permitted to come to him. On 15 Rajab 150 (August 15, 767), <mask> died in prison. The cause of his death is not clear, as some say that <mask> issued a legal opinion for bearing arms against Al-Mansur, and the latter had him poisoned.The fellow prisoner and Jewish Karaite founder, Anan ben David, is said to have received life-saving counsel from the subject. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for more than 50,000 people who had amassed before he was actually buried. On the authority of the historian al-Khatib, it can be said that for full 20 days people went on performing funeral prayer for him. Later, after many years, the Abu Hanifa Mosque was built in the Adhamiyah neighbourhood of Baghdad. <mask> also supported the cause of Zayd ibn Ali and Ibrahim al Qamar both Alid Zaidi Imams. The tomb of Abu Hanifa and the tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani were destroyed by Shah Ismail of Safavi empire in 1508. In 1533, Ottomans conquered Baghdad and rebuilt the tomb of Abu Hanifa and other Sunni sites.Students
Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi listed 97 hadith scholars who were his students. Most of them were famous hadith scholars, and their narrated hadiths were compiled in the Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other famous books of hadith. Imām Badr al-Din al-Ayni included another 260 students who studied Hadith and Fiqh from <mask>a. His most famous student was Imām <mask>, who served as the first chief justice in the Muslim world. Another famous student was Imām Muhammad al-Shaybani, who was the teacher of the Shafi‘i school of jurisprudence founder, Imām Al-Shafi‘i. His other students include:

 Abdullah ibn Mubarak
 <mask> Fadl Ibn Dukain
 Malik bin Mighwal
 Dawood Taa’ee
 Mandil bin Ali
 Qaasim bin Ma’n
 Hayyaaj bin Bistaam
 Hushaym bin Basheer Sulami
 Fudhayl bin Iyaadh
 Ali bin Tibyaan
 Wakee bin Jarrah
 Amr bin Maymoon
 <mask>
 Zuhayr bin Mu’aawiyah
 Aafiyah bin Yazeed

Sources and methodology
The sources from which <mask> derived Islamic law, in order of importance and preference, are: the Qur'an, the authentic narrations of the Muslim prophet Muhammad (known as hadith), consensus of the Muslim community (ijma), analogical reasoning (qiyas), juristic discretion (istihsan) and the customs of the local population enacting said law (urf). The development of analogical reason and the scope and boundaries by which it may be used is recognized by the majority of Muslim jurists, but its establishment as a legal tool is the result of the Hanafi school.While it was likely used by some of his teachers, <mask> is regarded by modern scholarship as the first to formally adopt and institute analogical reason as a part of Islamic law. As the fourth Caliph, Ali had transferred the Islamic capital to Kufa, and many of the first generation of Muslims had settled there, the Hanafi school of law based many of its rulings on the prophetic tradition as transmitted by those first generation Muslims residing in Iraq. Thus, the Hanafi school came to be known as the Kufan or Iraqi school in earlier times. Ali and Abdullah, son of Masud formed much of the base of the school, as well as other personalities from the direct relatives (or Ahli-ll-Bayṫ) of Moḥammad from whom <mask> had studied such as Muhammad al-Baqir. Many jurists and historians had reportedly lived in Kufa, including one of <mask>a's main teachers, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman. Generational status

<mask> is regarded by some as one of the Tabi‘un, the generation after the Sahaba, who were the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. This is based on reports that he met at least four Sahaba including Anas ibn Malik, with some even reporting that he transmitted Hadith from him and other companions of Muhammad.Others take the view that <mask>a only saw around half a dozen companions, possibly at a young age, and did not directly narrate hadith from them. <mask> was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the first generation of Muslims, some of whom lived on until <mask>a's youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, <mask> Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when <mask>a was 20 years old. The author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of Muslims of the first generation from whom it is reported that the <mask>a had transmitted hadith. He counted them as sixteen, including Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah and Sahl ibn Sa'd. Reception

He attained a very high status in the various fields of sacred knowledge and significantly influenced the development of Muslim theology. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged by the people as a jurist of the highest calibre.Outside of his scholarly achievements, <mask> is popularly known amongst Sunni Muslims as a man of the highest personal qualities:  a performer of good works, remarkable for his self-denial, humble spirit, devotion and pious awe of God. His tomb, surmounted by a dome erected by admirers in 1066 is still a shrine for pilgrims. It was given a restoration in 1535 by Suleiman the Magnificent upon the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad. The honorific title al-Imam al-A'zam ("the greatest leader") was granted to him both in communities where his legal theory is followed and elsewhere. According to John Esposito, 45% of all Muslims follow the Hanafi school. <mask> also had critics. The Zahiri scholar Ibn Hazm quotes Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah: "[T]he affairs of men were in harmony until they were changed by Abù Hanìfa in Kùfa, al-Batti in Basra and Màlik in Medina".Early Muslim jurist Hammad ibn Salamah once related a story about a highway robber who posed as an old man to hide his identity; he then remarked that were the robber still alive he would be a follower of <mask>a. Connection with the family of Muhammad

As with Malik ibn Anas (who was a teacher of Imam al-Shafi'i, who in turn was a teacher of Sunni Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal), Imam <mask>a was a student of Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad. Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqh are connected to Ja'far from the Bayt (Household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. In one hadith, <mask> once said about Imam Ja'far: "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge than Ja'far ibn Muhammad." However, in another hadith, <mask> said: "I met with Zayd (Ja'far's uncle) and I never saw in his generation a person more knowledgeable, as quick a thinker, or more eloquent than he was." Opposition to deviations in belief
Imam <mask> is quoted as saying that Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 128/745) went so far in his denial of anthropomorphism (Tashbih) as to declare that 'God is nothing (Allah laysa bi shay')'. And Muqatil ibn Sulayman's extremism (d. 150/767), on the other side, likened God with His creatures.Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi narrated in his Tarikh Baghdad (History of Baghdad) that <mask> <mask> said:

Works

Confusion regarding Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar
The attribution of Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar has been disputed by A.J. Wensick, as well as Zubair Ali Zai. Other scholars have upheld that <mask> was the author such as Muhammad Zahid Al-Kawthari, al-Bazdawi, and Abd al-Aziz al-Bukhari. Past Scholar, Ibn Abil-'Izz Al-Hanafi even attributed the book to <mask>a

Scholars such as Mufti Abdur-Rahman have pointed out that the book being brought into question by Wensick is actually another work by <mask> called: "Al-Fiqh Al-Absat". Citations

Further reading

 Abdur-Rahman ibn Yusuf, <mask> <mask>'s Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained

Online
 Abū Ḥanīfah: Muslim jurist and theologian, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by Zafar Ishaq Ansari, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thinley Kalsang Bhutia, Surabhi Sinha and Adam Zeidan

External links

 The Life of Imam <mask>a Biography at Lost Islamic History. <mask> Hanifa by Jamil Ahmad. Al-Wasiyyah of <mask> <mask> Translated into English by Shaykh Imam Tahir Mahmood al-Kiani.Book on Imam e Azam <mask> (Urdu)
 <mask>a on Muslim heritage
 Imām Abū Ḥanīfah By Shiekh G. F. Haddad
 Some teachers and students of Imam <mask>a

699 births
767 deaths
8th-century Arabic writers
8th-century Iranian people
Deaths by poisoning
Hanafi
Mujaddid
People from Kabul
People from Kufa
People from Najaf Province
Persian scholars
Quranic exegesis scholars
Sunni fiqh scholars
Sunni imams
Sunni Muslim scholars
Taba‘ at-Tabi‘in
Tabi‘un
Critics of atheism
8th-century Muslim theologians

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Yusuf
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Yusuf
Abu Nuim
Abu Ismah
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abul
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Imam Abu
Imam Abu
Hanifah
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif


texts:
<mask> (born May 4, 1955) is a Judge on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his election to the Superior Court, he was a Judge on the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Personal
He attended St. John's University and graduated in 1977 with a B.S. degree in Accounting. He was a participant in the Business Honors Program. He then received his J.D.degree in 1980 from The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law, where he received the American Jurisprudence award from The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company for the highest grade in Contracts. Following graduation, he was selected to be a Judicial Law Clerk in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. From 1982 to 1991, he maintained his law practice as a sole practitioner. His clients included Larry Holmes, the former world's heavyweight boxing champion, and the late Al Loquasto, a former champion professional race car driver. As an Assistant County Solicitor for Northampton County, he represented the Department of Human Services, including the Children and Youth Services Division, the Mental Health Division, and the Area Agency on Aging, and became known for his strong advocacy of victims. In May 1987, he was the youngest attorney in the history of Northampton County to be selected as the County Solicitor. In 2002, he was selected to join the United States Army National Guard to visit United States troops in Germany and Bosnia.The trip was a cooperative effort of the 28th Infantry Division with the Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR) Committee. Judge <mask> is a member of the American Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Bar Association, and the Northampton County Bar Association. He is also a member of the American Judges Association. Judicial career
Judge <mask>'s election to appellate court in 2003 followed twelve years as a trial judge. He was appointed to the Northampton County Bench in 1991 by Governor Robert P. Casey. He then became the second youngest judge in the history of Northampton County. In 1993 he was elected to a full ten-year term commencing January 1, 1994.He presided over civil and criminal trials and was also the Administrative Judge for Asbestos Litigation, which involved complex mass tort litigation. While a trial judge, he was a member of the Pennsylvania Conference of State Trial Judges. He was Chair of the Commonwealth Partners Program, where he participated in statewide meetings with other judges and legislators in discussing and resolving issues of mutual concern. In recognition of the success of this program, Judge <mask> received the President's Award from the Conference of State Trial Judges in 2002. In his capacity as a trial judge, Judge <mask> was also a member of the Judicial Ethics Committee of the Conference. He was elected to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania in November 2003, and was sworn into office as an appellate judge on January 9, 2004. He now presides over appeals from civil, criminal and family law cases.He served a five-year term as the statewide Administrative Judge for Wiretap & Electronic Surveillance in Pennsylvania. He was named runner up for the 2003 Politician of the Year by the political website PoliticsPA. A well-publicized murder trial presided over by <mask>, provided the basis for the book Lipstick and Blood (Pinnacle True Crime 2006), by John Kearney. It is a nonfiction book about the joint murder trial of husband and wife defendants, Michelle Hetzel and Brandon Bloss, who were charged with the murder of Devon Guzman. In 2004, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Commission for Justice Initiatives in Pennsylvania (CJI), a committee organized to coordinate and recommend judicial outreach and specialized court programs. He was the Chair of the Public Education and Community Outreach subcommittee of the Commission. As part of his responsibilities for the CJI, Judge <mask> conceived and wrote a popular short film on the history and operation of the Pennsylvania Judiciary.Judge <mask> had extensive experience in matters of judicial ethics and discipline. On August 26, 1997, Judge <mask> was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to be a judge of the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Discipline (CJD)], a constitutional court that hears charges filed by the Judicial Conduct Board against judicial officers. In June 2000, he was elected President Judge by his fellow judges. His four-year term expired in August 2001. In 2005, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Judicial Conduct Board (JCB), which is the investigatory and prosecutorial arm of the judicial discipline system in Pennsylvania. In July 2007, he was elected Chair of the Judicial Conduct Board, making him the only judge in the history of Pennsylvania to be elected both Chair of the JCB as well as President Judge of the CJD. In 2013, Judge <mask> became the only judge to be reappointed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to the Court of Judicial Discipline.He again served as the President Judge in 2017. Judge <mask>'s first book, The Pennsylvania Sexual Violence Benchbook, was published in December 2007. The book is a comprehensive reference designed to help judges for the complex criminal issues surrounding sexual violence cases. The book has received very favorable reviews. The Third Edition of the Benchbook was published in 2015 and is available on the websites of the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape. In recognition of his work in judicial education regarding crimes of sexual violence, Judge <mask> received the national recognition of the NSVRC Visionary Voice Award in 2017 by the National Sexual Violence Resource Center. References

1955 births
Living people
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
Columbus School of Law alumni
Judges of the Superior Court of Pennsylvania

masks:
Jack Anthony Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Judge Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella
Panella


texts:
<mask> (August 10, 1921 – July 29, 2007) was a news reporter for television station KTRK-TV in Houston, Texas, United States. His investigative journalism, through which he mostly represented the city's elderly and working class, made him one of the city's most influential and well-known media personalities. Early life

Zindler attended Pershing Middle School and Lamar High School in Houston before graduating from San Jacinto High School in Houston. He went on to John Tarleton Agricultural College (now Tarleton State University) in Stephenville, Texas. In 1941, when the United States entered World War II, Zindler joined the United States Marine Corps and later received an honorable discharge for medical reasons. <mask>'s father, <mask>, who founded and owned a successful clothing store in Houston, was disappointed in <mask>, whom Abe considered frivolous and irresponsible. Abe wanted his sons to inherit the store, a career course that <mask> was reluctant to take because of his father's sometimes angry behavior.When Abe died in 1963, <mask>'s inheritance was instead allocated to a trust for Zindler's children. Early career
<mask> began his broadcasting career in 1943 as a part-time night radio disc jockey and spot news reporter at Houston radio station KATL (the current-day KMIC (1590)) while working for his family's clothing store. Beginning in 1951, when he worked for KATL, he hosted The Roving Mike, a 30-minute radio program airing on Sundays that documented crime and the people involved in Houston. In 1950 Zindler became a reporter and cameraman for Southwest Film Production Company which produced the 6 p.m. news for KPRC-TV, but in 1954, he was fired by an executive who said he was "too ugly" to work in TV. Two years later, Zindler joined the Scripps Howard Houston Press to work part-time as a crime reporter and photographer. While working for the newspaper and his father's store, <mask> became dissatisfied with the retail business and in 1962 took a career detour to join the Harris County Sheriff's Office. He handled Civil Process for two years and then joined the Fugitive Squad where his work took him all over the world to extradite fugitives.Two years before joining KTRK-TV, Zindler was assigned by the Sheriff and District Attorney to establish a Consumer Fraud Division with the Harris County District Attorney's Office. This division is still in operation today. It was during this time of his career that he got his first taste of working on behalf of people. After Jack Heard was elected Sheriff of Harris County in 1972, Zindler was unceremoniously let go, a move that Zindler blamed on agitated car dealers who were alleged to have been rolling back odometers. At KTRK-TV
Upon news of Zindler's departure from the Harris County Sheriff's Department, KTRK anchor Dave Ward recommended Zindler to the station's assistant news director. On January 1, 1973, <mask> joined KTRK, a station with a news program languishing in third place. The "Chicken Ranch" story
Zindler made local and national headlines when he and fellow journalist Larry Conners reported on a long-lived brothel known as the Chicken Ranch in Fayette County, Texas, near La Grange, which led to its closure in 1973.The Chicken Ranch story was featured in a 1973 edition of Texas Monthly magazine, two 1974 issues of Playboy magazine, was the basis for the Broadway and film musical The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, in which the character of Melvin P. Thorpe was based on Zindler. It also served as the basis of the song "La Grange" by ZZ Top. The closing did not go well with the sheriff of Fayette County, Jim T. Flournoy, who later attacked Zindler in a fight that left Zindler with two fractured ribs, along with a snatched toupee. Reportedly, Flournoy waved the hairpiece in the air as if it were a prized enemy scalp and threw it in the street. Governor Dolph Briscoe closed the operation, only to have it open again after a few months. Then <mask> stepped in to shed more light on the operation, which led to its being closed for good. Lifetime contract
The story, along with his trademark reporting style, was instrumental in Zindler signing an unprecedented lifetime contract with Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. and KTRK-TV in September 1988, which he honored.The last story filed was to help an American citizen obtain a Social Security card. Zindler had been a primary factor in KTRK's rise from a perennial third in the ratings to its usual number one position. "Rat and Roach Report"
<mask> was also famed in Houston for his self-described Rat and Roach Report, where he read details from his controversial City of Houston Food Inspection Program restaurant reports on the air. These reports soon became famous for <mask>'s enthusiastic reports of "sliiiiime in the ice machine! ", which quickly became a catchphrase of his, and eventually given their own subsection at the end of the reports. Hundreds, if not thousands, of restaurants in Greater Houston have made at least one appearance on his reports. KTRK-TV's own commissary was cited on one occasion.<mask>'s Rat and Roach Reports were traditionally broadcast on Friday nights live during KTRK's 6 p.m. newscast and rebroadcast later during the station's 10 p.m. newscast. Two spin-off segments resulted from these reports:
In the first spin-off, <mask>ler also rewarded restaurants for operating clean kitchens continuously with his "Blue Ribbon Awards," which was done in his final years with local beauty pageant contestants giving the envelopes of the winning restaurants to Zindler. The other spin-off showcased places where Zindler preferred to dine, called "Where <mask> Likes to Eat...". Most of these restaurants were locally based restaurants, while a handful of them were national chains, including McDonald's and Ruth's Chris Steak House. But Zindler's favorite place to eat, which was seen in the last segment of this spin-off feature, was his home. On Friday nights, Zindler also gave viewers additional good wishes just before his traditional sign-off: "Have a good weekend - good golf, good tennis, or whatever makes you happy." Other stories
Zindler's reports on KTRK also included international stories, many involving trips to various third-world countries; segments in which local business owners (known as Marvin's Angels) provided services to people in dire financial or physical health; and stories focused on the elderly, including nursing home abuse investigations.On his Friday reports, Zindler had also reported birthday and wedding anniversary greetings on air, usually involving those celebrating their 100th birthday or at least a 50th wedding anniversary. The station has stated that over 100,000 requests for help from Zindler were received yearly. In choosing stories, Zindler focused on two factors – neediness and chance of success. While low income was a key factor, being selected for a story had more to do with an injustice than with income. <mask>'s trademark signoff at the end of each report was, nearly shouting: "<mask>ler... Eyewitness News." Honors
<mask> was the recipient of hundreds of awards from news organizations, charity groups, and medical professionals. The Plastic Surgeons of America honored Zindler for his openness and honesty in talking about his cosmetic surgeries and for the help he obtained for charity patients who desperately needed reconstructive surgery.He was a Freemason, a member of Temple Lodge #4 in Houston and was particularly proud of the 33rd Degree that was conferred upon him by the Scottish Rite. Personal life
<mask> was Jewish. In 1941, he married his first wife, the former Gertrude S. Kugler (May 30, 1921 – November 28, 1997). They had five children together; <mask>., Donny, Danny, Mark and Helen. When Gertrude died, Zindler vowed he would never marry again, yet he fell in love with Niki Devine and married her in 2006. Before his death, <mask> and Niki <mask> lived in the Houston neighborhood of Maplewood, where Zindler had lived continuously for forty-eight years. They were the owners of a dog, Magic, a bichon frisé.Additionally, Zindler owned a cat, Sugar, who died in 2006. At the time of his death, Zindler had five children, nine grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. At one point in the 1970s, Zindler considered running for Congress as a Republican, and the local GOP commissioned surveys that predicted he would win. However, Gertrude was hesitant to leave Houston, and the plans were dropped. Also, <mask> described himself as a social liberal who supported universal health care and the feminist movement. He had initially been a Democrat and a Lyndon B. Johnson supporter. <mask>'s father was a four-term mayor of suburban Bellaire and was also a liberal; he was a card-carrying member of the NAACP and opponent of the Ku Klux Klan and his clothing store was among a handful of Houston businesses that advertised in African-American newspapers.<mask> was known for wearing makeup continually, loved cigars, and was a frequent golfer. He had his own producer and cameraman as well as his own editing suite at KTRK. <mask> was also noted for his seventeen cosmetic surgeries, the first of which took place in 1954 after the KPRC-TV firing. KTRK's longtime investigative reporter, Wayne Dolcefino, has described Zindler's eccentric behavior in the office, including loud phone conversations (which Dolcefino attributed to his poor hearing) and trademark zealous pursuit of reports. On November 10, 1999, <mask> appeared on KTRK's locally produced mid-morning talk show at the time, Debra Duncan as the show paid tribute to him as well as talking about his life and legacy. Illness and death
On July 5, 2007, it was announced on KTRK's 6:00 p.m. newscast that Zindler was diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer that had also spread to his liver. In a news conference, Zindler said he would continue to work.Zindler stated that he planned to stay on the air as his illness was treated, even doing restaurant reports and greetings from his bedside. <mask> died from the cancer at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in the Texas Medical Center section of Houston on July 29, 2007, two nights after what would turn out to be his final newscast. <mask>'s funeral took place on Wednesday, August 1, 2007 at Congregation Beth Israel of Houston. ABC-13 staff members and Houston-area religious figures, such as Joel Osteen, Archbishop Joseph Fiorenza, Reverend Bill Lawson (anchor Melanie Lawson's father), and Reverend Kirbyjon Caldwell were among those presenting tributes to Zindler at the funeral. He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery, Houston, Texas. Legacy
The role of Melvin P. Thorpe, as played by Dom DeLuise, in the 1982 film The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, is based on Zindler. In November 2007, Bellaire Park in Bellaire, Texas was renamed to Bellaire Zindler Park.See also

 History of the Jews in Houston

References
 Snyder, Jill Donnie and Eric K. Goodman. Friend of the Court, 1947-1982: The Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith : to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All. The League, 1983

Notes

Further reading

External links
Thankyoumarvin.com- KTRK's <mask>ler
KTRK - <mask>ler
KTRK - The Chicken Ranch Story
KTRK's video clips of Zindler
KTRK - Media Critique

"The Roving Mike" radio show (Houston Chronicle)
"<mask>, 85, Crusader in ‘Whorehouse in Texas’ Case, Is Dead" (NY Times)
 <mask>, <mask> and Louis Marciafava. Marvin Zindler Oral History, Houston Oral History Project, January 20, 1975. 1921 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American Jews
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
American radio reporters and correspondents
Consumer rights activists
Deaths from cancer in Texas
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Radio personalities from Texas
Television anchors from Houston
Texas Republicans
United States Marines
Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni
San Jacinto High School alumni
Tarleton State University alumni
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Marvin Harold Zindler
Zindler
Abe Zindler
Marvin
Marvin
Marvin
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Zind
Marvin
Marvin Zindler
Marvin Zind
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Jr
Marvin
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Zind
Marvin Zind
Marvin Zindler
Zindler
Marvin


texts:
<mask>. (born September 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A Raleigh, North Carolina native, <mask> was chosen with the first overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards after playing one year of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. <mask>, who plays the point guard position, was a five-time NBA All-Star from 2014 to 2018 and was named to the All-NBA Team in 2017. However, he experienced multiple injuries in 2019 and missed more than two years of basketball before being traded to Houston in December 2020. Early life
<mask> was born on September 6, 1990 to Frances Pulley and <mask>. When he was a year old, his father, who had previously served time in prison for second-degree murder, was convicted of armed robbery. <mask>. was released from prison on August 24, 1999, but died of liver cancer a month later at age 52.<mask>'s older half-brother, <mask> <mask>., promised at their father's funeral to take care of the family, but was incarcerated the next year and released in 2018. Throughout <mask>'s childhood, his mother worked multiple jobs to support him, his sister, Cierra, and his half-sister, Tonya. The death of his father caused <mask> to frequently reject the authority of adults and act up, occasionally fighting, mostly in middle school. He was cited for breaking and entering as a teenager. <mask> played for two AAU basketball teams, first Garner Road and then D-One Sports. High school career
<mask> played his first two years of high school basketball at Garner Magnet High School in Garner, North Carolina. After his second season, his family moved to Raleigh, where he repeated his sophomore year at Needham B. Broughton High School.Despite having a very impressive tryout, <mask> was cut from the school's varsity team for attitude-related issues. For this reason, he transferred to Word of God Christian Academy, also in Raleigh. It was there that <mask> set about the reform of his attitude and related issues. Coach Levi Beckwith worked with <mask>, first to stop demeaning his teammates for missed layups, and later to improve his facial expressions and general demeanor. On the heels of his second sophomore year of high school, in the summer of 2007, <mask> was invited to the prestigious Reebok All-American Camp in Philadelphia; there, he distinguished himself by scoring 28 points against a team that featured future lottery pick Brandon Jennings. In 2008, <mask> played in the Elite 24 Hoops Classic, at which he scored 10 points and won co-MVP honors alongside Dominic Cheek, Maalik Wayns, and Lance Stephenson. As a fifth-year senior in 2009, <mask> averaged 19.7 points, 9 assists, and over 8 rebounds for Word of God Christian Academy and was ranked one of the best high school basketball players in the class of that year.He led the Holy Rams basketball team all the way to the North Carolina Class 1A state championship; they were ultimately defeated by United Faith Christian Academy 56–53, but not before that school's Ian Miller hit a 40 foot game-clinching jump shot at the buzzer. <mask> scored 11 points in the contest. He was selected to participate in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit in Portland, Oregon; he scored 13 points to go along with 11 assists and 5 steals at the high-profile event. He was also selected to play in the Jordan Brand Classic that year at Madison Square Garden, where he notched 6 assists. College career

Originally recruited by the University of Kentucky, Duke University, Georgia Tech, and University of Kansas, <mask> announced his commitment to attend the University of Kentucky on May 19, 2009. He was suspended by the NCAA from Kentucky's first exhibition game and first regular season game for travel benefits he received from his AAU coach Brian Clifton, a certified agent at the time. In his first action as a Wildcat, in an exhibition game against Clarion University of Pennsylvania, the freshman point guard led his team to victory with 27 points and 9 assists in 28 minutes of playing time.In his collegiate debut at Kentucky versus Miami University, <mask> made the game-winning shot with .5 seconds left on the clock to help then #5 ranked Kentucky win. He finished with 19 points, 2 rebounds, 5 assists, and 3 steals. On December 29, 2009, against Hartford, <mask> set the Kentucky single-game assist record with 16, 11 in the first half, with only 1 turnover. The mark was previously held by Travis Ford, at 15, and was broken on Ford's 40th birthday. <mask> scored 9 points, failing to break double digits for the first time in his college career. On September 22, 2017, <mask> was inducted into the University of Kentucky Athletics Hall of Fame. Professional career
Because <mask> was a fifth-year high school senior in 2009 and would turn 19 by the end of the year, some sources argued that he would be eligible for the 2009 NBA draft.League rules stated that American players must turn 19 during the year of the draft and be a year removed from their regular high school class. NBA spokesman Tim Frank told sportswriter Chad Ford that the league was not sure whether <mask> met the second criterion, and that league officials would need to "do [their] due diligence to determine his eligibility". <mask> announced in April 2009 that he was not entering the 2009 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first player taken, and would attend Kentucky instead. Washington Wizards (2010–2020)

On April 7, 2010, <mask> announced that he would forgo his final three seasons of collegiate eligibility and enter the 2010 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first overall selection for the Washington Wizards. On May 3, <mask> signed with agent Dan Fegan. On June 23, 2010, Reebok revealed <mask> as its latest signing, casting him as the face of its latest basketball shoe, the ZigTech Slash. On June 24, 2010, <mask> was drafted as the first overall pick by the Wizards.On June 25, 2010, Mayor Adrian Fenty of Washington, D.C., declared June 25 <mask> Day on a plaque handed to <mask> during his Wizards presser. 2010–11 season
<mask> was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2010 Las Vegas Summer League, averaging 23.5 points, 7.8 assists, 4.0 rebounds and 2.5 steals in 32.3 minutes per game. <mask> made his NBA debut in a 112–83 loss to the Orlando Magic. He had 14 points, 9 assists, and 3 steals. In his third game, his first home game, he tied a franchise record with nine steals, and became only the second player in NBA history to get nine assists or more in each of his first three games. On November 10, <mask> recorded his first career triple-double with 19 points, 10 rebounds, and 13 assists to go along with 6 steals and only 1 turnover. <mask> was the third youngest player to record a triple-double in NBA history.<mask> was named 2011 Rookie Game MVP during the 2011 All-Star Weekend. <mask> was also named Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month from January–April and finished second in Rookie of the Year voting behind unanimous selection Blake Griffin and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team. 2011–12 season
<mask> would play in and start all of the Wizards' 66 games during the 2011–12 lockout shortened season. He was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge. He was drafted to play for Team Chuck, a mix of rookies and sophomores. <mask> finished the season averaging 16.3 points, 8.0 assists, and 4.5 rebounds per game. 2012–13 season
<mask> missed the beginning of the 2012–13 because of a knee injury.On January 12, he returned against the Atlanta Hawks, scoring 14 points in a Wizards win. On March 18, <mask> was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played between March 11 and March 17. In a road game against the Los Angeles Lakers on March 22, <mask> recorded 24 points and a career-high 16 assists in a win. On March 25, in a win over the Memphis Grizzlies, <mask> scored a career-high 47 points to go along with 7 rebounds and 8 assists. <mask> ended the season with averages of 18.5 points, 7.6 assists, and 4.0 rebounds a game. 2013–14 season

On July 31, 2013, <mask>, labeled by the Wizards as a designated player, signed a five-year contract extension worth approximately $80 million. On January 22, 2014, <mask> recorded his second career triple-double with 28 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 111-113 overtime loss to the Boston Celtics.On January 30, 2014, <mask> was selected as an East reserve for the 2014 NBA All-Star Game, making this his first All-Star team. During All-Star weekend, he became the first in Washington franchise history to win the Slam Dunk Contest after fans voted him the Dunker of the Night. His final dunk was a reverse slam assisted by the Wizards' mascot. On February 27, 2014, <mask> had 31 points and 9 assists as the Wizards won a triple overtime game against the Raptors 134-129. It was the franchise's first triple-overtime game since 1975. On March 1, 2014, <mask> recorded a then career-high 16 assists, along with 17 points, 3 rebounds, and 2 steals, in a 122-103 victory over the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> averaged 19.3 points, 8.8 assists, and 4.1 rebounds on the season as the Wizards finished as the fifth seed in the East and qualified for the playoffs for the first time in six years.They went on to defeat the Chicago Bulls 4 games to 1 in their first round playoff match-up. After defeating the Bulls, <mask> and the Wizards lost in the second round to the Indiana Pacers in 6 games. 2014–15 season
On December 8, 2014, <mask> recorded 26 points, 7 rebounds, 3 steals and a then career-high 17 assists in a 133–132 double-overtime win over the Boston Celtics. Following the game, <mask> dedicated the win to his close friend, six-year-old Damiyah Telemaque-Nelson, who had died of cancer earlier that day. When asked by a reporter "She meant a lot to you, didn't she? ", he broke down and started to cry. He later gave her family all of his gear that he wore that night, including his shoes which had Damiyah's name on them.He went on to tie his career-high of 17 assists, along with 21 points, on December 16 in a 109–95 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. On January 22, 2015, he was named an Eastern Conference starter for the 2015 NBA All-Star Game, earning his first starting gig after garnering 886,368 votes. On March 14, 2015, <mask> tied his season-high of 31 points while adding 12 assists in a 113–97 win over the Sacramento Kings. On April 3, he recorded 6 points and a then career-high 18 assists in a 101–87 win over the New York Knicks. On April 21, he recorded a Wizards playoff franchise record for assists with 17 as the Wizards defeated the Toronto Raptors 117–106 to take a 2–0 lead in their first-round playoff series. The Wizards went on to win the series with a 4–0 sweep, but lost their

masks:
Johnathan Hildred Wall Jr
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Carroll Wall Sr
Wall Sr
Wall
John Carroll
Wall Jr
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
John Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall