texts:
<mask> (born 16 September 1969) is a Chinese businessman and investor who first came into the public eye in 2016 when he succeeded Silvio Berlusconi as the owner of the Italian football club A.C. Milan. <mask> is also known for his stock market transactions in mainland China. <mask> was born in Guantang Village, Daqiao Town, Huazhou, Maoming, Guangdong Province. He also had a citizenship in the Hong Kong S.A.R. of China by migrating there in 1994 (claimed by himself), which was considered as a "foreign" investor in mainland China due to separate legal jurisdiction of Hong Kong from the rest of China. Career
According to a C.V. provided by <mask> to Duolun Industry, <mask> was the director and general manager of a Hong Kong incorporated company Enson Enterprises Limited () from 1994 to 1997 (a company dissolved by striking-off in 2000); the director and general manager of a Chongqing-based company () from 1997 to 2005, as well as chairman and CEO of Hong Kong-incorporated "Grand Dragon International Holdings Co., Ltd." from 2005. However, according to the filings in Hong Kong Companies Registry, there was no such <mask> in the board of directors of Enson Enterprises, nor in Grand Dragon.Instead, <mask> was the director of China Power Group (HK) Limited (), Hong Kong China Power Books Publication Co., Ltd. (), Noble Wisdom Development Limited () and LYH Investment Limited, according to the database of Hong Kong Companies Registry. A.C. Milan
In August 2016, Fininvest, the parent company of Italian football club A.C. Milan, signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese investment management company Sino-Europe Sports Investment Management Changxing Co., Ltd. () to sell the club for €740 million (including €220 million indebtedness of the company), valued on 30 June 2016 (A further €90 million cost of the club from 1 July to the closing date was added to the valuation). Sino-Europe Sports paid Fininvest €100 million immediately after the deal as a deposit, and the closing date of the deal was set at December 2016. Sino-Europe Sports, registered in Changxing County, according to Chinese Government's National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, was solely owned by mainland Chinese citizen Chen Huashan () with a share capital of just . However, it was reported that <mask> and a private equity fund () of Haixia Capital Management were the true owner of Sino-Europe Sports. Moreover, Sino-Europe Sports was represented by David Han <mask> in the signing of the contracts with Fininvest. In the same month Sino-Europe Sports found a private equity fund (incorporated as a limited partnership as ) to raise fund to acquire Milan, which Chinese listed company Rongyu Group (formerly known as Jilin Yongda Group) signed an agreement to subscribe  deferred share, which would only paid-in the capital when the fund raise enough capital in ordinary and preference share.However, Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum in December, and the deal was delayed to March 2017. Sino-Europe Sports paid a second deposit of €100 million (making the total deposit was €200 million) to Fininvest via Hong Kong subsidiaries of Sino-Europe Sports: Rossoneri Sport Investment Co., Ltd. and Rossoneri Champion Co., Ltd.. However, according to the filing in Hong Kong Companies Registry, Rossoneri Sport Investment borrowed HK$830 million (around €100 million according to exchange rate at that time) from a BVI-incorporated company, Willy Shine International Holdings Limited () on 13 December 2016. The loan was refurbished on 23 January 2017. In February 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) was recapitalised by yet another BVI-incorporated company Rossoneri Advanced Co., Ltd. for HK$864.5 million, making Sino-Europe Sports became a minority shareholder on Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) for HK$100 million share, or 10.37%, although Chen remained as the sole director of Rossoneri Sport Investment and 100% owner of the entire share capital of Rossoneri Champion. The two BVI companies had raised a concern in Italy on who was the actual investors. Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum again in March 2017.In order to finalise the closing, the company received a loan from Elliott Management Corporation, an investment firm which has widely been described as a vulture fund. According to Calcio e Finanza, Elliott used two associate companies King George Investments and Genio Investments to finance the parent company of Milan that was owned by Li indirectly. It was also reported that another private equity fund, Blue Skye, also financed the deal. On 13 April 2017, the sale was officially finalised, which Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg Sàrl became the new direct parent company of the club. Rossoneri Luxembourg, as of January 2017 was owned by Hong Kong-company Rossoneri Sport Investment. On 14 April <mask> was confirmed as the new chairman of the club, with Marco Fassone was confirmed as CEO (). It was reported that the final price of the club was €606 million (the price included a refurbishment of a €90m credit line of Fininvest to Milan), excluding the refurbishment of the club debt.The club had planned to issue 2 tranches of corporate bonds for a total of €128m, ( and ) as well as a recapitalization of a maximum of €60m, in order to funding the club in 2017 after the takeover. On 22 October 2017, it was revealed by David Webb that Teamway International Group (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time), a small-sized Hong Kong-listed company, had lent US$8.3 million (approx. HK$65 million by the narrow band floating exchange rate) to Hong Kong-based Rossoneri Sport Investment. According to the press release by Teamway (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time) on 29 August 2017, it was also revealed that Rossoneri Advance[d] was owned by <mask> himself; <mask> charged the entire issued shares of Rossoneri Advance[d] to Teamway International Group as collateral. In September 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment also filed a revised "Annual Return" to reflect the "correct" condition in June 2017, that Rossoneri Advance owned all the shares of the company. On 31 October 2017, Reuters reported that <mask> only paid-in €27 million out of €60 million capital increase of AC Milan so far, matching the concern of his financial condition, willingness and ability to recapitalize Milan with such a high interest rate on a small amount of loan. Last but not the least, <mask> failed to refurbished the loan in February 2018, but was allowed to extended for a month, with an interest rate of 24% p.a.On 16 November 2017, The New York Times reported that <mask> alleged himself had a mining empire to Italian football officials, which "was hardly known even in mining circles [of China]." The mining empire, on paper record, was owned by other people. However, the newspaper also stated that "Some wealthy people in China list their holdings under the names of relatives or associates to avoid scrutiny". At the same time, UEFA was not convinced to a proposal from Milan, regarding a voluntary agreement that aiming to delay the deadline of break-even requirement of UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, according to the report of La Gazzetta dello Sport. It was formally rejected in December by the UEFA, citing " there are still uncertainties in relation to the refinancing of the loans to be paid back in October 2018 and the financial guarantees provided by the main shareholder. "; Marca speculated that the club may face discipline action regarding the club's summer spending. Eventually Milan was banned by UEFA from European competition for 2018–19 season, citing "the break-even requirement".It was reported that Milan failed to meet the aggregate break-even requirement for the period from 2014 to 2017. In July 2018, Elliott Management acquired full ownership of Milan. On 12 July, Elliott officially struck-off Li's holding company Rossoneri Champion Inv. Lux. as a shareholder of Milan's direct parent company Rossoneri Sport Inv. Lux. According to the press release of Teamway International Group, Li also defaulted the loan from Teamway International Group.Other Business Activities

Jade Valley Group
It was reported that <mask> is the son of <mask>hi () and younger brother of <mask>i (), which were arrested in 2003 for illegally raising funds in Huazhou, Maoming. According to legal proceeding, <mask> family had set up a company in mainland China as Jade Valley Development () to invest in farmland. However, they also made false dividend forecast to attract investment as a pyramid scheme. According to the legal proceeding and Hong Kong Companies Registry, <mask> family had set up a Hong Kong company Jade Valley Group Limited (, formerly known as Lis Consortium (International) Limited; ) to channel the assets, which was 95% owned by <mask>'s eldest brother <mask> (); the rest of the share was owned by a Honduras citizen, with unknown relation with <mask> family. Chinese police failed to arrest <mask> as he also had Hong Kong citizenship and evaded from mainland China. It was reported that <mask> had emigrated to Honduras. Jade Valley Group Limited was dissolved by striking off from the register by the government of Hong Kong in 2005.According to 1993 Hainan Yearbook, <mask> family's Jade Valley Group Limited incorporated two subsidiaries in Hainan ( and ), to develop Chief Power Building (), which <mask> was the general manager and his eldest brother <mask> as the chairman. In 2010 Chief Power Real Estate was dissolved by strike-off from the registry by the administration bureau, as the bureau failed to inspect the company. Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also involved in numerous legal dispute with others, including the selling of a unit in Chief Power Building without disclosing the unit had been mortgaged, contract dispute with a pawn shop in the sell and bought back of a unit of Chief Power Building, and fail to repayment of loans to China Construction Bank (the bad debt was later transferred to China Cinda Asset Management) and China Investment Bank (for US$1.1 million; the bank business was received by China CITIC Bank). Chief Power Hotel Co., Ltd. was also suffered from a scam that another person falsify a document to sell unit A2 of 12/F of Chief Power Building. Duolun Industry
Li Yonghong was also sanctioned  in 2013 by the Chinese regulator China Securities Regulatory Commission for failing to disclose the sale of the entire share capital of the parent company of a Chinese listed company Shanghai Duolun Industry Co., Ltd. (, now known as "P2P Financial Information Service Co., Ltd."). The holding company, known as "Duolun Investment (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd." at that time (now known as "P2P (China) Co., Ltd.") was incorporated in Hong Kong. The holding company owned 11.75% shares of the listed company as the largest shareholder at 31 December 2011.Li Yonghong acquired the holding company in December 2011 for  and sold in May–June 2012 for . Before the deal, the holding company had already faced financial difficulties, which pledged 11.75% shares of the listed company to Bohai Trust in October 2011, as well as selling a further 15.22% shares from April to September 2011 and an additional 9.53% shares in November 2011. A pledge of 35.82% shares of the listed company (to Hua Xia Bank and New China Trust) were only released in April and September 2011. In July 2013, the pledge of the 11.75% share of the listed company by the holding company was released by Bohai Trust. However, the holding company, under the new owner Xian Yan (), pledged the entire 11.75% shares back to Li Yonghong. Half of the pledged shares were released in April 2014 and May 2014, only sold by the holding company on the same day. In August 2014, the shares pledged to Li Yonghong were released, only re-pledged to Ping An Securities on the same day.According to a news report by China Securities Journal, Chen Jianyong () and Xian <mask> (), the relatives of <mask> and Xian Yan respectively, had formed two companies ( and ) respectively, which were the investors in a private equity fund (as a trust) to buy the shares of Duolun Industry, which was accused by other investor () of the fund as insider trading. Using alias
According to news report by Securities Times (a newspaper of "People's Daily Press"), <mask> may used an alias <mask> () to do business in some companies, such as Beijing Dahe Zhizhou Group () and Li family's Chief Power Real Estate. Grand Dragon International Holding
Li Yonghong alleged himself as the chairman of Hong Kong-incorporated Grand Dragon International Holdings (). The company falsely claimed itself as the official Chinese side representative to build the Thai Canal. In 2017 a press release of Grand Dragon International Holding appeared on the website of another company Guangdong Longhao Aviation Group (), denying <mask> was the chairman of Grand Dragon International Holdings at any time. List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors
On 12 September 2018, <mask> was added to the List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors () by the local court of Jingmen. According to the press release, <mask> defaulted a loan from aforementioned Hubei Jingjiu ().References

1969 births
Living people
A.C. Milan chairmen and investors
A.C. Milan directors
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Chinese football chairmen and investors
Hong Kong businesspeople
People from Maoming
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from Guangdong

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li
Li
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Naiz
Li Yongfe
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Hongqiang
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Bingfeng
Li
Li
Li


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1971) is a heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed "The Black Bull" and often "Twin Tyson" for his resemblance to Mike Tyson, <mask> fought several contenders from his era. <mask> has also claimed numerous times to be the half brother of Mike Tyson. Professional career
<mask> turned pro in 1993 and has   beaten notable fighters, such as James "Quick" Tillis, Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Monte Barrett. His career peak was 25-10, until he lost to former light Heavyweight and Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer and went 1-11 after that. He has won the Utah State Heavyweight title and also the North American Heavyweight titles. Outside the Ring
<mask> played Mike Tyson in the HBO film Don King: Only in America.He has a son by the name of Sky Christopher King who resides in Rosedale, Mississippi and a daughter by the name of Shae Moore who lives in Las Vegas.

masks:
Clifford Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser


texts:
<mask>II) from the kindred Rátót (; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary. He was the ancestor of the Jolsvai family. Family
<mask> II was born into the influential and prestigious gens (clan) Rátót, as the son of magister Leustach II. His grandfather was Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. <mask> II had a brother Desiderius I (also "the Blind"), who served as ispán of Borsod and Gömör Counties, and married a daughter of oligarch Stephen Ákos, establishing an alliance between the two powerful kindreds. <mask> had four sons from his unidentified wife.Through his eldest son, Desiderius II, he was the ancestor of the Jolsvai (previously Gedei) noble family, which became extinct in 1427. His two younger sons, Leustach IV and <mask> III held various ispánates in the 1330s. <mask>'s fourth son, Stephen III was mentioned only once in 1321. Career
<mask> first appeared in contemporary records in 1275. During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many Cumans decided to leave Hungary instead of obeying the papal legate Philip's demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates.<mask>, his brother Desiderius and two of his cousins, Rathold <mask> and Nicholas "Vecse" successfully defended the Cistercian monastery at Egres (present-day Igriș in Romania). Thereafter <mask> and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. <mask> was present at the siege of Gede Castle (present-day Hodejov, Slovakia), where the rebellious Finta Aba barricaded himself in mid-1281. Later <mask> himself owned the castle, but the date of acquisition is unknown. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day Hódmezővásárhely) in 1282. For his military service, <mask> was made Master of the horse by Ladislaus IV in 1283. It is possible he belonged to that baronial group, which was dominated by the gens Csák during that time.The alliance disintegrated by the following year with the deaths of brothers Matthew II and Peter I Csák. Thus <mask> also lost his office. He was replaced by James Borsa, who was first mentioned in that capacity in August 1284. Maintaining the short-lived dual system in the dignity in order to avoid power struggle, which characterized the late reign of Andrew III, <mask>t became Palatine of Hungary for the Transdanubian region () – simultaneously Apor Péc was responsible for Cisdanubia – in 1298 and held that office until the next year. In the contemporary context, this meant that <mask> had jurisdiction over Eastern Hungary in this capacity (as "Transdanubia" had a different meaning than present days), while Apor Péc supervised the counties in Western Hungary. In addition, <mask> also bore the title of Judge of the Cumans. <mask> held an assembly at Gáva (today part of Gávavencsellő) in October 1298 and in Borsod County in the following year.Following the death of <mask> and the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, <mask> presumably supported the claim of Wenceslaus of Bohemia to the Hungarian throne, similarly to his cousins (including <mask>, the actual head of the family) and brother Desiderius. He attended the wedding of Stephen Ákos the Younger with a foreign (Bavarian or Czech) princess in early 1303, but this fact does not confirm his affiliation, as pro-Charles oligarch Amadeus Aba was also present. He was first referred to as "baron" in 1303. He took an oath of allegiance to Charles I by the next year. Within a short time, he rose to prominence in the royal court of Charles, becoming one of the most illustrious domestic partisans of the Anjou prince, alongside Ugrin Csák and Amadeus Aba. <mask> was styled as Palatine of Hungary since February 1303, he attended the aforementioned wedding in this capacity. In the first decade of the 14th century, seven barons held the dignity simultaneously.Majority of the historians, including Gyula Kristó and Jenő Szűcs, considered, these barons, <mask> Csák, Amadeus Aba, Ivan Kőszegi, Stephen Ákos, James Borsa, Apor Péc and <mask>t himself were arbitrarily took and used the title, which marked its devaluation. However, historian Attila Zsoldos developed a special theory. When <mask> formed a league against his enemies, a group of powerful lords — including the Kőszegis, Matthew Csák and <mask> — urged <mask> of Naples to send his grandson, the 12-year-old Charles of Anjou, to Hungary in order to become king, according to the Illuminated Chronicle. The young prince disembarked in Split in August 1300, supported by most Croatian and Slavonian lords. However, the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák were shortly reconciled with Andrew, preventing Charles' success. Zsoldos argued <mask> entered into a new feudal contract with the barons in the summer of 1300: Matthew Csák and Ivan Kőszegi became "perpetual" Palatines and Andrew accepted their suzerainty over their provinces, while the king's two most powerful partisans, Amadeus Aba and Stephen Ákos were also granted this privilege. In addition to them, two co-palatines of the previous year, <mask> and Apor Péc also received the title as a counterweight, according to Zsoldos' theory.Therefore the historian considers <mask> already bore the dignity of Palatine since the last regnal year of Andrew. Accordingly, the claimants to the Hungarian throne inherited Andrew's last decision, and they were forced to accept the status quo. As Zsoldos emphasized the oligarchs recognized each other's titles, in addition to the monarchs, cathedral chapters and other institutions. One of the basis of Zsoldos' theory is the fact that <mask> and Apor Péc were considered as much less important persons than, for instance Matthew Csák or Amadeus Aba. Still, other moderately influential lords did not follow the example of Apor and <mask>, and nobody else were styled as palatine beyond two of them. In a royal document from 1307, Charles also referred to <mask> as palatine, acknowledging his title. <mask>t was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.He used the title of palatine there too. After Charles' third coronation, which was performed in full accordance with customary law, on 27 August 1310, the king recognized only James Borsa as Palatine, who was appointed to the position in 1306 by Charles. <mask>t was deceased by then, as he was never mentioned by contemporary documents after the diet in October 1307. References

Sources

1307 deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
14th-century Hungarian people
Roland 02
Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary
Masters of the horse (Kingdom of Hungary)

masks:
Roland (
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
II
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland
Roland
Roland
Andrew III
Roland
Dominic II
Roland
Matthew III
Roland Rátó
Andrew III
Roland Borsa
Charles II
Andrew III
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland Rátó


texts:
<mask> ben <mask> ( Yəhōšuaʿ ben Ḥánanyāh; d. 131 CE), also known as Rabbi Yehoshua, was a leading tanna of the first half-century following the destruction of the Temple. He is the seventh-most-frequently mentioned sage in the Mishnah. Biography
He was of Levitical descent, and served in the sanctuary as a member of the class of singers. His mother intended him for a life of study, and, as an older contemporary, Dosa ben Harkinas, relates, she carried the child in his cradle into the synagogue, so that his ears might become accustomed to the sounds of the words of the Torah. It was probably with reference to his pious mother that <mask> thus expressed himself concerning <mask> ben Hananiah: "Hail to thee who gave him birth". According to another tradition <mask> praised him in the words of Ecclesiastes (4:12), "And a threefold cord is not quickly broken." Perhaps he meant that in <mask> the three branches of traditional learning, Midrash, Halakha, and Aggadah, were united in a firm whole; or possibly he used the passage in the sense in which it was employed later, to show that <mask> belonged to a family of scholars even to the third generation.<mask>'s permanent residence was in Peki'in, a place between Yavne and Lydda, where he followed the trade of a tailor. This occupation did not in any degree diminish the respect paid to him as one of the influential members of the academy at Yavne. <mask> ben Hananiah was one of the five who formed the inner circle of Yohanan's pupils. In enumerating them, tradition places him at the head together with Eliezer ben Hurcanus. Tradition also frequently mentions these two together as upholders of opposite views. They were both present at the celebration of the circumcision of Elisha ben Abuyah (Acher), in Jerusalem, and diverted themselves by connecting passages in the Torah with others in the Prophets and the Hagiographa. It was also Eliezer and <mask> who rescued Yohanan ben Zakkai from the besieged city and brought him into the camp of Vespasian.After the death of Yohanan <mask> c. 80 CE, <mask> was the heartiest supporter of Gamaliel II's efforts to bring about the predominance of the views of Hillel the Elder's followers over those of Shammai's, and thus to end the discord which had so long existed between the schools. But he was the very one whom Gamaliel humiliated on a certain occasion when the authority of the president was in question. <mask>'s pliant disposition did not shield him from humiliation by Gamaliel a second time, and the wrong done to Yehoshua was the cause of Gamaliel's removal from office. He soon obtained <mask>'s forgiveness, and this opened the way for his reinstatement; but he was now obliged to share his office with Eleazar ben Azariah, who had originally been appointed his successor. <mask> esteemed Eleazar very highly, and on one occasion called out in his emphatic manner: "Hail to thee, Father Abraham, for Eleazar ben Azariah came forth from thy loins!" When it became necessary to present the case of the Palestinian Jews at Rome, the two presidents, Gamaliel and Eleazar, went as their representatives, and <mask> Hananiah and Akiva accompanied them. This journey of the "elders" to Rome, and their stay in the Imperial City, furnished material for many narratives.In one of these the Romans call on <mask> ben <mask> to give proofs from the Bible of the resurrection of the dead and of the foreknowledge of God. In another, <mask> comes to the aid of Gamaliel when the latter is unable to answer the question of a "philosopher". In tractate Horayot, in an anecdote concerning a sea voyage undertaken by Gamaliel and <mask>, the astronomical knowledge of the latter is put to use. He is said to have calculated that a comet would appear in the course of the voyage. After Gamaliel's death, the first place among the scholars fell to <mask>, since Eliezer <mask>us was under a ban. <mask> wished to do away with a regulation of Gamaliel's, but met with opposition on the part of the council. <mask> stood by the death-bed of his colleague Eliezer <mask>us and called to him: "O master, thou art of more value to Israel than God's gift of the rain; since the rain gives life in this world only, whereas thou givest life both in this world and in the world to come".When, after Eliezer's death, the other law scholars, Eleazar ben Azariah, Tarfon, and Akiva, contested some of his opinions, <mask> said to them: "One should not oppose a lion after he is dead". Eleazar, also, seems to have died some time before <mask>. It is related that when <mask> Hananiah was about to die, the scholars standing round his bed mourned, saying: "How shall we maintain ourselves against the unbelievers?" <mask> comforted them with words from Jeremiah 49:7: "If counsel has been taken away from the children [of God, i.e. Israel], the wisdom of these [the enemy] has also perished". After his death <mask>'s importance was extolled in the words: "Since Rabbi <mask> died, good counsel has ceased in Israel." Not long after <mask>'s death the thinkers were superseded by the men of action, and Simon bar Kokhba, enthusiastically greeted by <mask>'s most influential pupil, Rabbi Akiva, raised the flag of rebellion against Rome.That this step had not been taken earlier was due to <mask>'s influence. Relations with non-Jews
In the beginning of Hadrian's rule, <mask> appears as a leader of the Jewish people. When the permission to rebuild the Temple was again refused, he turned the excited people from thoughts of revolt against Rome by a speech in which he skilfully made use of a fable of Aesop concerning the lion and the crane. About the same time, <mask> by his eloquence prevented the whole area of the Temple from being pronounced unclean because one human bone had been found in it. <mask> lived to witness Hadrian's visit to Palestine, and he followed the emperor to Alexandria (130). The conversations between <mask> and Hadrian, as they have been preserved in the Babylonian Talmud (Hullin 59b) and the Palestinian Midrash, have been greatly modified and exaggerated by tradition, but they nevertheless present in general a just picture of the intercourse between the witty Jewish scholar and the active, inquisitive emperor, the "curiositatum omnium explorator", as Tertullian calls him. In Palestinian sources <mask> answers various questions of the emperor: how God created the world, concerning the angels, as to the resurrection of the body, and with reference to the Decalogue.In the Babylonian Talmud, three conversations are related, which resemble that on the Decalogue, in that <mask> silences the emperor's mockery of the Jewish conception of God by proving to him God's incomparable greatness and majesty. <mask> also rebukes the emperor's daughter when she mocks at the God of the Jews; in another place she is made to repent for having mocked <mask>'s appearance. The emperor's question concerning the odor of Sabbath food is a mocking one. Once, <mask> told the emperor that he would dream of the Parthians. At another time, he excused his own non-appearance at a meeting by cleverly describing the infirmities of his old age. In one conversation, preserved by a later authority, <mask> defended the justice of God, which was doubted by the emperor. Once a dispute in pantomime took place in the emperor's palace between <mask> and a Judeo-Christian ("Min"), in which <mask> maintained that God's protective hand was still stretched over Israel.In another conversation <mask> defended the honor of Israel against a heretic, who had attacked it, by quoting from Micah 7:4. Some of the questions addressed to <mask> by the Athenian wise men, found in a long story in the Babylonian Talmud, contain polemical expressions concerning Christianity. The historical basis for this remarkable tradition is found in Hadrian's association with <mask> <mask>, in <mask>'s visit to Athens, and in his intercourse with Athenian scholars and philosophers. Its conclusion is an echo of the myth of the Danaïdes, and it is supposed to demonstrate the superiority of the "wise men of the Jews" over the "elders of Athens". Embodied in this tradition are the stories in which the wit of Athens is conquered by the cleverness of the men of Jerusalem. In one of these, the pupils of Yohanan ben Zakkai make sport of an Athenian. That the tradition contains in parts polemics against Christianity is explained by the fact that <mask> Hananiah fought the heresy of the Judeo-Christians.The same spirit is manifested in the story concerning his nephew Hananiah. His Exegesis
<mask> Hananiah's exegetical controversies with two of his most prominent contemporaries occupy an important place in the aggadic tradition. These two are his colleague Eliezer <mask>, who is frequently also mentioned in the Halakha as holding an opposite opinion, and Eleazar of Modi'im, who belonged to the school of Yavne and was especially known as the author of aggadic expositions of the Bible. The controversies between Eliezer and <mask> refer to cosmology, to eschatology, comprising views on the period as well as on the world to come and the resurrection, and to the interpretation of various Biblical passages. The controversies between <mask> ben <mask> and Eleazar of Modi'im are found in the Mekhilta on Exodus, and they form at the same time a continuous double commentary on the sections concerning the stay of the Israelites at Marah, the miracle of the manna, the fight with Amalek, and the visit of Jethro. In these controversies <mask>, as a rule, stands for the naturalistic, literal meaning of the words and the historical interpretation of the contents, putting emphasis on the meaning demanded by the context. The Alexandrian Jews addressed twelve questions to <mask>.They fall into four groups:
 three halakhic
 three aggadic
 three foolishly ignorant questions (a sort of parody on the questions of halakic casuistry)
 three questions taken from practical life. Eleven questions also were addressed to him concerning the special position of woman in physical, spiritual, social, and religious matters. Some of these with his answers are:
 "Why is a man easy, a woman difficult, to persuade?" "Man was created out of earth, which easily dissolves in water; woman was created from bone, which is not affected by water." "Why does a man have his head uncovered while a woman has hers covered?" "Whoever has committed a sin is ashamed before people; thus woman is ashamed on account of Eve's sin, and consequently covers her head." "Why do women take precedence in funeral processions?""Because they have brought death into the world." Opposition to asceticism
After the destruction of the Temple, <mask> opposed the exaggerated asceticism with which many wished to show their grief, e.g., in going without meat and wine because the altar on which they had sacrificed animals and poured libations of wine had been destroyed. He represented to them that to be consistent they ought to eat no figs or grapes, since no more first-fruits were offered, and that they ought even to refrain from bread and water, since the festival of drawing water had been discontinued, and the showbread as well as the two loaves of the feast of first-fruits could no longer be sacrificed. With such arguments <mask> supported the efforts of his teacher to make the grief at the loss of the Temple, which until then had been the center of religious life, less bitter. His opposition to asceticism, however, was due also to his mild and temperate nature, which caused him to say in regard to the severe regulations which had been adopted by the school of Shammai shortly before the destruction of the sanctuary: "On that day they overstepped the boundary." As he declared in a dispute on this subject with his colleague Eliezer <mask>rcanus, "they have poured water into a vessel full of oil, thus causing the costly oil to run to waste". <mask> saw the greatest danger to the community in the sickly offshoots of piety.The following he calls "enemies of general prosperity":
 the foolishly pious (pious at the wrong time)
 sly sinners
 the woman who shows an overpious bearing
 the hypocrites who pretend to be saints

In his motto of life he recommends temperance and the love of mankind as a security for individual happiness. An evil eye (grudging), evil inclination (passion), and hatred of mankind, he says, remove people from the world. In the same spirit he answers the question put by Yohanan <mask>kai to his pupils as to the best standard of conduct. He declares that one should seek association with a good companion and avoid a bad one. Various anecdotes illustrate the opposition between <mask>, who represented the teachings of Hillel, and his colleague Eliezer, who represented the teachings of Shammai, much in the same way as the opposition between Hillel and Shammai is depicted elsewhere. Sayings
<mask> Hananiah was regarded by posterity as a man always ready with an answer, and as the victorious representative of Jewish wit and wisdom. This is shown in the accounts of his conversations with heathens and in other narratives.He himself tells of three encounters in which he had to yield the palm to the wit of a woman and a child. He introduces the story in these words: "No one ever overcame me except a woman, a boy, and a maid". <mask> explains the end of Psalms 9:18 to mean that there are even among the Gentiles pious people who will have a share in the life everlasting. "The Psalms", he also said, "do not refer to the personal affairs of David, but to the affairs of all Israel." If a man learns a halakhic sentence in the morning and two sentences in the evening, and he is busy the whole day at his trade, it will be accounted to him as though he had fulfilled the whole Torah. Holidays are intended to be employed half for worldly enjoyment, half for study. From Ruth 2:19 it may be concluded that the poor person who receives does more for the giver than the giver does for the recipient.Other quotes
The evil eye and the evil inclination and hatred of one's fellow man put a man out of this world. More than what the Good Man of the house does for the poor, the poor man does for the Good Man of the house. There is no House of Study without its novellae. References

Bibliography
Bacher, Wilhelm. Die Agada der Tannaiten. Erster Band: Von Hillel bis Akiba  2nd ed. (Strassburg: Trübner, 1903), p. 123–187, 196–210
.Einleitung in die Mishna (Two parts, 1876/1885)
Derenbourg, Joseph. Essai sur l'Histoire et le Géographie de la Palestine, d'après les Thalmuds et les autres sources rabbiniques. Première partie. Histoire de la Palestine depuis Cyrus jusqu'à Adrien (Paris, 1867)
 Frankel, Zacharias. Darke ha-Mishnah (1859; reprint: Tel Aviv: Sinai, 1959)
Graetz, Heinrich. Geschichte der Juden von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf den Gegenwart, Vol. 4 (Vierte Band): Geschichte der Juden vom Untergang des jüdischen Staates bis zum Abschluss des Talmud (Berlin: Veit, 1853), p. 29-46
Lewysohn, Abraham.Toledot R. Yehoshua' b. <mask>, in Naphtali Keller's Bikkurim, vol. 1 (1864), p. 26–35
Weiss, Isaac Hirsch. Dor-dor ve-dorshav, vol. 2 (1876)

131 deaths
Mishnah rabbis
2nd-century rabbis
Levites
Pirkei Avot rabbis

masks:
Joshua
Hananiah
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Yohanan ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Zakkai
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hcan
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hyrcan
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua ben
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua ben
ben Hurcanus
Joshua
Joshua
Hananiah
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
Joshua
ben Hu
Joshua
ben Zak
Joshua
Joshua ben
Joshua
Hananiah


texts:
<mask> (1918–2010) was an American artist who lived and worked within the art community of Baltimore, Maryland. Having begun as a representational artist specializing in portraits, she achieved recognition first for abstractions that were clearly based on natural forms and later for abstractions whose origin in natural forms was imperceptible. She was known for her deft handling of light and color in these works: atmospheric and subtle in some of them, intense and garish in others. Some critics saw an impressionist impulse in her paintings while others noted an expressionist ability to imbue them with emotion. In 1958 a critic said, "In nature Mrs. Goldstein finds a constant change in mood through patterns, rhythms, color; flamboyant now, wistfully delicate tomorrow; light, light that is reflected, light that is absorbed, light that is charged with the buoyancy of champagne or as quietly, morosely romantic, as any passage of Baudelaire." <mask> chose to be a regional artist. She occasionally exhibited elsewhere but did not actively promote her career outside a mid-Atlantic region centered on Baltimore.She taught art for most of her long career, first in classes held in community centers and later in Baltimore's College of Notre Dame. Early life and training

Born in Ohio, she was brought to Baltimore when her family relocated there in 1920. She took art classes as a child. After graduating from that city's Western High School, she attended, successively, Johns Hopkins and Columbia universities, the Art Students League of New York, and the Maryland Institute College of Art. While taking still more art classes in a summer session at Pennsylvania State College, she decided to become a professional artist. Career in art

At the beginning of her career she used <mask>. Hack as her professional name. In the late 1940s <mask>e Museum. The art on display was said to be predominantly representational and <mask>'s contributions were mostly portraits. In 1950 she became head of the Art Group and a year later she was jointly responsible for arranging the Baltimore branch's annual show. In 1952 she participated in an exhibition at the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. that was held during the biennial convention of the National League. A year later she participated in a large exhibition of regional artists at the Baltimore Museum of Art. By this time she was using <mask> <mask> as her professional name. At the end of that year she organized a show designed to sell paintings based on size rather than artistic value and priced low enough to be purchased as holiday gifts.The objective, she said, was to enable local citizens "to acquire an appreciation of original pictures by contemporary artists." The painting that she offered for sale was a departure from her earlier work. Called "Tree and Pink Sky," it was entirely abstract. She later said her transition from realist portraits to nature-derived abstractions was sudden and complete, but a fellow artist and art instructor, James G.A. Murphy, said that she continued to make portraits for private sale, but would only exhibit her abstract work. In the early 1950s <mask> joined a local group called the Painters' Seminar and in January 1956 she participated in, and help to hang, an exhibition of members' paintings in the lobby of a movie theater called the Film Center. The two paintings she showed, "Lights" and "Foliage of the Fall," were both abstracts.The critic for the Baltimore Sun said these two works dominated the show. In February 1956 she won second prize in the Maryland Artists Exhibition at the Baltimore Museum of Art. The award-winning painting, "Big City," was also the favorite of the show's visitors whose votes put it at the top of the best-liked list. A few months later, she received a best-in-show award for an oil painting in the art exhibition that accompanied the biennial conference of the National League of American Pen Women. In November she was given a solo exhibition at the Baltimore Museum of Arts. Her work appeared in one gallery while two other Baltimore artists, Shelby Shackelford and William Waller, were given separate solo shows. In 1956 <mask> began using <mask> rather than <mask> <mask> as her professional name.In 1957 <mask> was given a solo exhibition at the Duveen-Graham Galleries in New York. She showed fifteen oil paintings along with watercolors and some drawings. a critic for the New York Times gave the show a positive review, saying "Her most promising work is in a lyrical vein; softly rendered drifts of color, freely moving over a luminous base." In May 1959, when her work appeared in an invitational exhibition at Morgan State University, a critic for the Baltimore Sun said "<mask> seldom fails to furnish a fresh insight on whatever matter she undertakes; her "Blossom," the sparest imaginable oil-on-paper, seems composed of light." In December of the same year her paintings appeared in a solo exhibition in the lobby of a motion picture theater called the Playhouse. Regarding the show, the same Baltimore Sun critic said, "Her Playhouse show is not a major effort given the aspiration of the recent oils, but in its small way it is perfection." In February of the next year she showed with Amalie Rothschild, Bernard Perlman, and William Waller in a four-artist exhibition at the I.F.A.Galleries in Washington, D.C. and in September she showed with Lowell Nesbitt in a two-artist exhibition at Johns Hopkins University. Regarding her work in the latter, a Sun said, "As always, her sources are nature in its multiple aspects: the sea, tempestuous or calm, a summer landscape, a stony bank at the first moment of spring. But Mrs. Goldstein increasingly works toward essences; the literal fact becomes the esthetic fact, for she is, above all things a painter.... With a touch of brush, artist turns the literal into the esthetic." The Baltimore Sun gave extensive coverage to a solo exhibition held in a Baltimore suburban gallery in 1963. The newspaper's article, by Robert G. Breen, included comments by <mask> and others about a new direction her work had taken. It said she aimed at establishing what she called "horizontal perspective" and quoted her description of it. She said, "This perspective is perspective in space.It moves across the canvas, not back into the canvas. But it moves across in layers. This does not violate the picture plane but simply creates an illusion of movement by virtue of the depth created horizontally in flat layers, each layer retaining its own identity, yet uniting itself with the whole." The Sun gave a further description in reviewing another solo show the following year. The author said, "has set herself the sticky problem of capturing space and light by almost completely abstract means.... Mrs. Goldstein is thus working with layers of lightnear and far and mediansomething as evanescent as smoke and more capricious." The exhibition was mounted in the library of College of Notre Dame, the school in Baltimore where <mask> was then an art instructor. During the 1960s and 1970s <mask>'s work continued to appear frequently in group or solo exhibitions held in non-commercial settings such as colleges, community centers, religious organizations, benefit auctions, and municipal spaces.By 1976 she had participated in somewhat more than 150 exhibitions according to an article in the Baltimore Sun. She showed less frequently than before in commercial galleries such as the I.F.A. Gallery in Washington. When she showed at Villa Julie College in 1972, Lincoln F. Johnson, Baltimore Sun critic, wrote that, "Villa Julie College is showing works by <mask>, abstractions which operate, most of them, as visual metaphors for states of nature." "Elegant and refined," he added, "they sometimes have the appearance of precious objects." Oil paintings and gouaches had predominated in <mask>'s output until the late 1970s when she began to produce collages and other mixed-media work. Writing about a solo exhibition of close to fifty paintings and collages she had made during the previous few years, Elisabeth Stevens, a Baltimore Sun critic, called the collages "shimmering works featuring painstakingly placed fragments of foil, newspaper clippings and printed papers."In the 1980s showed paintings in square format that contained square and rectangular design elements. She told a reviewer that she found these shapes to be "peaceful and elegant," having "a purity of form" and the possibility of endless variations. At the end of the decade she showed mixed-media pieces which a critic called "collaged paintings," having on their surfaces pieces of paper and fabric as well as sand. They were "two-dimensional, non-illusionistic and non-representational," but they nonetheless suggested "land and landscape," "calligraphy and hieroglyph," and occasionally "stained glass window." Critics had increasingly seen inconsistency in <mask>'s work. They saw some high-quality pieces alongside ones that disappointed them. Regarding an exhibition at a commercial gallery in 1991, John Dorsey, of the Baltimore Sun, wrote: "<mask> is nothing if not erratic.When her abstractions succeed, they're a delight to behold. When they don't, they're frustratingly disappointing. It's not as if they're someone else's pictures or as if they needed work; they're unmistakably hers, they're unquestionably finished and they're clearly professional -- but they somehow just don't make it." He added, "That's not to say that <mask>, even when disappointing, is a bad artist. She works at a level that always deserves respect. But at her best the level is a lot higher than that." Between this time and her death nineteen years later, <mask> seems to have stopped exhibiting, or, at any rate, news reports of exhibits stopped appearing.She died on March 20, 2010. After her death, a curator said that during her career she had "focused on creating and teaching art and was not as interested in the financial gain through the sale of her pieces." Artistic style

<mask> began her career as a representational painter. In the late 1940s she showed realist portraits in the exhibitions of the League of Pen Women. Babushka, painted about 1935 and shown at right, is one of her earliest works. When she turned to abstraction in the early 1950s, she took natural objects as the basis for her work. "Sunflowers," of 1968, shown at left illustrates this style.During the 1970s, she handled references to nature more obliquely, as seen in "Peace Doves" of 1974, shown at right. Thereafter her work became more purely abstract. "Summer Garden" of 1980, shown at left, is a painting of this type. Many of her mid-career paintings were notable for their handling of light. She possessed an ability, as one critic said, to produce works that seem to be "composed of light." Another said her paintings appeared to have "layers of filmy colored veils with one color moving into the next." <mask> said she aimed to show light coming from within the canvas,... a living force from within."During roughly the first half of her long career she worked mainly in oil on canvas, supplemented by gouaches on paper and some drawings. She employed impasto for many of the early works and used the brush more and more toward the mid-point of her career. Later, she made many paintings in mixed media, collage forms and sometimes used staining and dripping techniques and incorporated metallics in her work. A critic said she maintained "extraordinary control" over her collages, weaving items "into the fabric of the painting so that it is the image rather than the materials which take precedence." Another said, "Her collages are small, shimmering works featuring painstakingly placed fragments of foil, newspaper clippings and printed papers." "Candy Wrappers," a small undated collage, shown at right, is an example of this style. She said, "I will sometimes take an object that I find on the floor or something that I've collected and I'll paste it on the canvas because that is part of living."During the 1980s, Goldstein focused on square and rectangular shapes. Of one of these paintings, "Signals," shown at left, a critic wrote, "the colors—reds, greens, blues, pinks—are beautiful and they glow almost as if they were stained glass." Goldstein said the shapes had intrigued her for a long time. She found them to be "peaceful and elegant" and said her response to them sometimes "verges on the mystic. Some of these paintings were themselves squares and some were as large as six feet long or high. Toward the end of her career <mask> began to supplant oils with acrylics and to combine organic forms with geometric ones. In 1991 a critic said she made "subtle use of color and a reserved but sensuous touch to create graceful, somewhat veiled, almost seductive effects."During this period she also made prints using a technique that originated in Mexico in 1970 and was called mixographia. Employing a beeswax surface rather than a metal plate or lithographic stone, this printing process allowed the artist to add a three-dimensional texture to her work. The untitled and undated print shown at right ("mixographia print") is an example of the prints she made using this technique. Art teacher

In the mid-1950s Goldstein began to teach art in a program called "Forest Park Evening Classes" in Baltimore. The program offered instruction in practical subjects such as typing and dressmaking at no cost to Baltimore residents and was directed by her husband, Edward H<mask>. It had begun to offer art classes in 1950. In 1957 she also began to teach classes at the newly-opened Metropolitan School of Art.Aiming to give art students an alternative to the relatively conservative instruction offered at the Maryland Institute of Art, the school taught amateurs and professionals, children and adults, in day and evening classes from that year until 1960. The following year and for the next two, she taught at the Maryland Institute of Art. In 1959 she began teaching art classes in the recreation center of Oheb Shalom temple and from the early 1960s she left that position to teach at the Jewish Community Center. In 1964 <mask> joined the faculty of the College of Notre Dame as an art instructor. In 1982, at the age of 62, she left her teaching jobs at the Jewish Community Center and Notre Dame, but continued to give private instruction. Personal life and family

<mask>'s father was Samuel Edward Hack (1893-1956), a ceramics artist and instructor. Her mother was Dorothy (Isaacson) Hack (1895-1952).Her paternal grandparents had been born in Polish Russia. Her paternal grandfather, Simon (18xx-1981), operated a shoe repair business in Baltimore. Her paternal grandmother, Goldie, died in 1915, age 44. She had an older brother, Ernest (1915-2003) and a younger one, Homer (1920-2007). In the early 1940s Goldstein married Edward H<mask> (born about 1912, died 2002), an administrator in the Baltimore public school system. The couple had a son, William N<mask> (1943-2006), a psychiatrist and professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington, D.C.

Goldstein died from complications after surgery at Seasons Hospice in Randallstown, Maryland on March 13, 2010, and was interred in Oheb Shalom Memorial Park, Reisterstown, Maryland. References

1918 births
2010 deaths
20th-century American painters
Abstract painters
American women painters
Artists from Baltimore
Painters from Maryland
20th-century American women artists
People from Newark, Ohio
Painters from Ohio
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Art Students League of New York alumni
Maryland Institute College of Art alumni
Notre Dame of Maryland University
21st-century American women

masks:
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys V
Goldsteineal
Goldstein
Gladys Hack
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Gladys Hack
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Gladys Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
. Goldstein
Goldstein
Goldstein
. Goldstein
. Goldstein


texts:
<mask><mask> (born September 12, 1943) was a Republican member of the Maryland House of Delegates and a candidate for County Executive of Baltimore County, Maryland, in the 2018 elections. He represented District 7, which covers Baltimore and Harford Counties, along with fellow Republicans J.B. Jennings and Richard K Impallaria. He also served in the House from 1979 to 1983 as a Democrat. Education
<mask> attended Baltimore parochial schools. He then attended Baltimore City College. He later attended the University of Baltimore. <mask> has been a radio talk show host and producer.He is the president of the Maryland Leadership Council and the Future Leaders of America. He is a founding member of the Maryland Coalition Against Crime. He is a member of the Route 40 Business Civic Association and the Essex-Middle River-White Marsh Chamber of Commerce. He is also active with the Hawthorn Civic Association, the Joppa Residents Council, and the Harford County Pro Life group. <mask> is also a part of the President's Rally for America and the Classroom Coalition since 2004. He serves as the host for "Inside Annapolis", which is produced by Harford Community College Television. He is co-chair of the Annual Flag-waving Tribute to Victims and Families of 9–11.<mask> is known for his continual push to make English the official language for the State of Maryland. In March 2007, a resolution was sponsored by State Senator Nathaniel Exum calling for the state of Maryland to officially apologize for its role in slavery. <mask> criticized the bill as being a "superficial gesture designed to make people feel guilty". Additionally, he mentioned that, "I don't think apologies solve anything." <mask> was one of six dissenting votes in the House. Slavery existed in Maryland since 1642, was legally formalized in 1664, and was abolished under Maryland law by a new state constitution in 1864. In July 2007, <mask> called for the impeachment of Montgomery County Circuit Court Judge Katherine Savage who released a non-English-speaking rape suspect when he demanded a court-appointed interpreter and none were available.The suspect speaks Vai, a West African language. Judge Savage claimed that not having an interpreter denied the suspect his Constitutional right to a speedy trial, as provided by the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Delegate <mask> maintained that the defendant did not need an interpreter, as he had attended both high school and college in the U.S., and had been successfully interviewed (in English) four times during the course of the investigation. <mask>'s circulated widely in early 2012 as he mounted a legislative challenge to the neighboring District of Columbia's Wildlife Protection Act of 2010. <mask>'s current radio program can be heard on WCBM AM680 radio in Baltimore on Saturday evenings from 8pm to 10pm. He ran in the 2018 Primary Election as a Republican candidate for County Executive of Baltimore County. He lost the primary to Al Redmer, 55%-44%.During the campaign, he pledged "dramatic and powerful change" if elected, calling for more police and greater efforts to combat gangs and drugs. Legislative notes
Supports continued criminal prohibition of marijuana, stating in March 2015, regarding legalization, "Who's the winner? The drug dealer. Who's the loser? The community." Opponent of criminal law reform in regard to non-violent crime, stating in March, 2015, regarding a number of Maryland state bills aimed at reducing incarceration, "Power to the criminal. This is the year of the criminal, apparently."voted against the Clean Indoor Air Act of 2007 (HB359) BILL INFO-2007 Regular Session-HB 359
voted against in-state tuition for illegal immigrants in 2007 (HB6) 2007 Regular Session - Vote Record 0690
voted for the Healthy Air Act in 2006 (SB154) 2006 Regular Session - Vote Record 0942
voted for slots in 2005 (HB1361) 2005 Regular Session - Vote Record 0152

Election results

2018 Republican Primary Election for Baltimore County Executive
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Vote
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Alfred W. Redmer Jr.
|18,058
|  55.5%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>
|14,487
|  44.5%
|   Lost
|}

2016 General Election for US House of Representatives - Maryland District 2
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|C. A. Dutch Ruppersberger, Dem. |11,154
|  8.4%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Norman Gifford, Jr., Dem. |10,192
|  7.7%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Pete Definbaugh, Dem. |14,885
|  12.6%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Kristina A. Sargent, Dem. |13,551
|  11.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|James Ward Morrow, Dem. B. Jennings, Rep.
|21,189
|  18.6%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|23,184
|  20.3%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Linda W. Hart, Dem.|17,122
|  15.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Jack Sturgill, Dem. |15,390
|  13.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Rebecca L. Nelson, Dem. |13,481
|  11.8%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Kim Fell, Green
|2,307
|  2.0%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|83
|  0.1%
|   Lost
|}

2006 Republican Primary Election for House of Delegates - District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outrcome
|-
|-
|<mask>uogh
|4,214
|  30.1%
|   Won
|-
|-
|-
|J.B. Jennings
|3,798
|  27.1%
|   Won
|-
|Richard K. Impallaria
|3,654
|  26.1%
|   Won
|-
|-
|John T. Laing
|1,499
|  10.7%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Nikolai Volkoff
|845
|  6.0%
|   Lost
|}

2002 General Election for Maryland House of Delegates – District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|J. B. Jennings, Rep.
|22,470
|  20.4%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>, Rep.
|20,869
|  18.9%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Richard Impallaria, Rep.
|18,749
|  17.0%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Nancy M. Hubers, Dem. |17,092
|  15.5%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Donna M. Felling, Dem. |14,205
|  12.9%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Randy Cogar, Dem.|13,926
|  12.6%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Michael F. Linder, Libertarian
|2,817
|  2.6%
|   Lost
|-
|Other Write-Ins
|80
|  0.1%
|   Lost
|}

2002 Republican Primary Election for Maryland House of Delegates - District 7
Voters to choose up to three:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|<mask>
|3,191
|  16.9%
|   Won
|-
|-
|J.B. Jennings
|3,126
|  16.5%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Richard K. Impallaria
|2,594
|  13.7%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Sheryl L. Davis-Kohl
|2,473
|  13.1%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Michael J. Davis
|2,079
|  11.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Dilip B. Paliath
|1,883
|  10.0%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Christopher Saffer
|1,851
|  9.8%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Jackie Bailey
|1,708
|  9.0%
|   Lost
|}

1998 General Election for Baltimore County Register of Wills
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Grace G. Connolly
|123,896
|  59.7%
|   Won
|-
|-
|<mask>
|83,471
|  40.3%
|   Lost
|}

1996 General Election for the US House of Representatives - Maryland District 3
Voters to choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Name
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Ben Cardin, Dem. |130,204
|  67%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Pat McDounough, Rep
|63,229
|  33%
|   Lost
|}

1996 Republican Primary Election for the US House of Representatives - Maryland District 3
Voters choose one:
{|  class="wikitable"
|-
!Names
!Votes
!Percent
!Outcome
|-
|-
|Pat McDonough
|12,115
|  70%
|   Won
|-
|-
|Carroll Myers
|3,979
|  23%
|   Lost
|-
|-
|Joseph Cilipote
|1,134
|  7%
|   Lost
|}

References and notes

External links
Pat McDonough's Official Website
Pat McDonough's page on Maryland House of Delegates website

Members of the Maryland House of Delegates
1943 births
People from Baltimore County, Maryland
Living people
University of Baltimore alumni
Baltimore City College alumni
Maryland Republicans
21st-century American politicians
20th-century American politicians
Candidates in the 2016 United States elections
Candidates in the 2018 United States elections

masks:
Patrick L
. McDonough
McDonough
Career McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDono
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough
Pat McDonough


texts:
<mask> (13 June 1752 – 6 January 1840), also known as <mask> and later Madame d'Arblay, was an English satirical novelist, diarist and playwright. In 1786–1790 she held the post as "Keeper of the Robes" to Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, George III's queen. In 1793, aged 41, she married a French exile, General Alexandre d'Arblay. After a long writing career and wartime travels that stranded her in France for over a decade, she settled in Bath, England, where she died on 6 January 1840. The first of her four novels, Evelina (1778), had the best success and remains best regarded. Most of her plays were not performed in her lifetime. She wrote a memoir of her father (1832) and many letters and journals that have been gradually published since 1889.Overview of career
<mask> was a novelist, diarist and playwright. In all, she wrote four novels, eight plays, one biography and twenty-five volumes of journals and letters. She has gained critical respect in her own right, but she also foreshadowed such novelists of manners with a satirical bent as Jane Austen and William Makepeace Thackeray. She published her first novel, Evelina, anonymously in 1778. During that period, novel reading was frowned upon as something young women of a certain social status should not do, while novel writing was out of the question. <mask> feared that her father would find what she called her "scribblings". When she published Evelina anonymously, she only told her siblings and two trusted aunts.Eventually her father read the novel and guessed that <mask> was its author. News of her identity spread. The novel brought <mask> almost immediate fame with its unique narrative and comic strengths. She followed it with Cecilia in 1782, Camilla in 1796 and The Wanderer in 1814. All Burney's novels explore the lives of English aristocrats and satirise their social pretensions and personal foibles, with an eye to larger questions such as the politics of female identity. With one exception, <mask> never succeeded in having her plays performed, largely due to objections from her father, who thought that publicity from such an effort would be damaging to her reputation. The exception was Edwy and Elgiva, which unfortunately was not well received by the public and closed after the first night's performance.Although her novels were hugely popular during her lifetime, <mask>'s reputation as a writer of fiction suffered after her death at the hands of biographers and critics, who felt that the extensive diaries, published posthumously in 1842–1846, offer a more interesting and accurate portrait of 18th-century life. Today critics are returning to her novels and plays with renewed interest in her outlook on the social lives and struggles of women in a predominantly male-oriented culture. Scholars continue to value <mask>'s diaries as well, for their candid depictions of English society. Through her whole writing career, <mask>'s talent for satirical caricature was widely acknowledged: figures such as Dr Samuel Johnson, Edmund Burke, Hester Lynch Thrale and David Garrick were among her admirers. Her early novels were read and enjoyed by Jane Austen, whose own title Pride and Prejudice derives from the final pages of Cecilia. Thackeray is said to have drawn on the first-person account of the Battle of Waterloo recorded in her diaries while writing his Vanity Fair. <mask>'s early career was strongly affected by her relations with her father and the critical attentions of a family friend, Samuel Crisp.Both encouraged her writing, but used their influence in a critical fashion, dissuading her from publishing or performing her dramatic comedies, as they saw the genre as inappropriate for a lady. Many feminist critics have since seen her as an author whose natural talent for satire was somewhat stifled by such social pressures on female authors. Burney persisted despite the setbacks. When her comedies were poorly received, she returned to novel writing, and later tried her hand at tragedy. She supported both herself and her family on the proceeds of her later novels, Camilla and The Wanderer. Family life
<mask> was born in Lynn Regis, now King's Lynn, England, on 13 June 1752, to the musician Dr <mask> (1726–1814) and his first wife, Esther Sleepe <mask> (1725–1762), as the third of her mother's six children. Her elder siblings were Esther (Hetty, 1749–1832) and James (1750–1821); those younger were Susanna Elizabeth (1755–1800), Charles (1757–1817) and Charlotte Ann (1761–1838).Of her brothers, James became an admiral and sailed with Captain James Cook on his second and third voyages. The younger <mask> became a well-known classical scholar, after whom The Burney Collection of Newspapers is named. Her younger sister Susanna married in 1781 Molesworth Phillips, an officer in the Royal Marines who had sailed in Captain Cook's last expedition; she left a journal that gives a principal eye-witness account of the Gordon Riots. Her younger half-sister Sarah Harriet <mask> (1772–1844) also became a novelist, publishing seven works of fiction. Esther Sleepe <mask> also bore two other boys, both named Charles, who died in infancy in 1752 and 1754. <mask> began composing small letters and stories almost as soon as she learnt the alphabet. She often joined with her brothers and sisters in writing and acting in plays.The <mask> family had many close friends. "Daddy Crisp" was almost like a second father to <mask> and a strong influence on her early writing years. Burney scholar Margaret Anne Doody has investigated conflicts within the Burney family that affected Burney's writing and her personal life. She alleged that one strain was an incestuous relationship between <mask>'s brother James and their half-sister Sarah in 1798–1803, but there is no direct evidence for this and it is hard to square with <mask>'s affection and financial assistance to Sarah in later life. <mask>'s mother, Esther Sleepe, described by historians as a woman of "warmth and intelligence", was the daughter of a French refugee named Dubois and had been brought up a Catholic. This French heritage influenced <mask>'s self-perception in later life, possibly contributing to her attraction and subsequent marriage to Alexandre d'Arblay. <mask> died in 1762 when <mask> was ten years old.<mask>'s father, <mask>, was noted for his personal charm, and even more for his talents as a musician, a musicologist, a composer and a man of letters. In 1760 he moved his family to London, a decision that improved their access to the cultured elements of English society, and so their social standing. They lived amidst an artistically inclined social circle that gathered round Charles at their home in Poland Street, Soho. In 1767 <mask> eloped to marry for a second time, to Elizabeth Allen, the wealthy widow of a King's Lynn wine merchant. Allen had three children of her own, and several years after the marriage the two families merged into one. This new domestic situation was fraught with tension. The Burney children found their new stepmother overbearing and quick to anger, and they took refuge by making fun of her behind her back.However, their collective unhappiness served in some respects to bring them closer to one another. In 1774 the family moved again, to what had been the house of Isaac Newton in St Martin's Street, Westminster. Education
<mask>'s sisters Esther and Susanna were favoured over <mask> by their father, for what he perceived as their superior attractiveness and intelligence. At the age of eight, <mask> had yet to learn the alphabet; some scholars suggest she suffered from a form of dyslexia. By the age of ten, however, she had begun to write for her own amusement. Esther and Susanna were sent by their father to be educated in Paris, while at home <mask> educated herself by reading from the family collection, including Plutarch's Lives, works by Shakespeare, histories, sermons, poetry, plays, novels and courtesy books. She drew on this material, along with her journals, when writing her first novels.Scholars who have looked into the extent of <mask>'s reading and self-education find a child who was unusually precocious and ambitious, working hard to overcome an early disability. A critical aspect of <mask>'s literary education was her relationship with a <mask> family friend, the "cultivated littérateur" Samuel Crisp. He encouraged Burney's writing by soliciting frequent journal-letters from her that recounted to him the goings-on in her family and social circle in London. <mask> paid her first formal visit to Crisp at Chessington Hall in Surrey in 1766. Dr <mask> had first made Crisp's acquaintance in about 1745 at the house of Charles Cavendish Fulke Greville. Crisp's play Virginia, staged by David Garrick in 1754 at the request of the Countess of Coventry (née Maria Gunning), had been unsuccessful, and Crisp had retired to Chessington Hall, where he frequently entertained <mask> and his family. Journal-diaries and Caroline Evelyn
The first entry in <mask>'s journal was dated 27 March 1768 and addressed to "Nobody".The journal itself was to extend over 72 years. A talented storyteller with a strong sense of character, <mask> kept the journal-diary as a form of correspondence with family and friends, recounting life events and her observations of them. The diary contains a record of her extensive reading in her father's library, as well as the visits and behaviour of noted personalities in the arts who came to their home. <mask> and her sister Susanna were particularly close, and <mask> continued to send journal-letters to her throughout her adult life. <mask> was 15 when her father remarried in 1767. Her diary entries suggest that she had begun to feel pressure to abandon her writing as something "unladylike" that "might vex Mrs. Allen."Feeling that she had transgressed, that same year she burnt her first manuscript, The History of Caroline Evelyn, which she had written in secret. Despite this repudiation, <mask> recorded in her diary an account of the emotions that led up to that dramatic act. She eventually recouped some of the effort by using it as a foundation for her first novel, Evelina, which follows the life of the fictional Caroline Evelyn's daughter. In keeping with <mask>'s sense of propriety, she savagely edited earlier parts of her diaries in later life, destroying much of the material. Editors Lars Troide and Joyce Hemlow recovered some of this obscured material while researching their late-20th-century editions of the journals and letters. Evelina

<mask>'s Evelina or the History of a Young Lady's Entrance into the World was published anonymously in 1778 without her father's knowledge or permission, by Thomas Lowndes, who voiced an interest after reading its first volume and agreed to publish it upon receipt of the finished work. The novel had been rejected by a previous publisher, Robert Dodsley, who declined to print an anonymous work.<mask>, who worked as her father's amanuensis, had copied the manuscript in a "disguised hand" to prevent any identification of the book with the <mask>s, thinking that her own handwriting might be recognised by a publisher. <mask>'s second attempt to publish it involved the collusion of her eldest brother James, who posed as its author to Lowndes. Inexperienced at negotiating with a publisher, he only extracted twenty guineas (£21) as payment for the manuscript. The novel was a critical success, with praise from respected persons, including the statesman Edmund Burke and the literary critic Dr Johnson. It was admired for its comic view of wealthy English society and realistic portrayal of working-class London dialects. It is known today as a satire. It was even discussed by characters in another epistolary novel of the time: Elizabeth Blower's George Bateman (1782).<mask>'s father read public reviews of it before learning that the author was his daughter. Although the act of publication was radical for its time, he was impressed by the favourable reactions and largely supported her. He certainly saw social advantages in having a successful writer in the family. Critical reception
Written in epistolary form just as this was reaching its height of popularity, Evelina portrays the English upper middle class through a 17-year-old woman who has reached marriageable age. It was a Bildungsroman ahead of its time. Evelina pushed boundaries, for female protagonists were still "relatively rare" in that genre. Comic and witty, it is ultimately a satire of the oppressive masculine values that shaped a young woman's life in the 18th century, and of other forms of social hypocrisy.Encyclopædia Britannica calls it a "landmark in the development of the novel of manners". In choosing to narrate the novel through letters written by the protagonist, <mask> made use of her own writing experience. This course has won praise from critics past and present, for the direct access it provides to events and characters, and the narrative sophistication it demonstrates in linking the roles of narrator and heroine. The authors of Women in World History argue that she identifies difficulties faced by women in the 18th century, especially those on questions of romance and marriage. She is seen as a "shrewd observer of her times and a clever recorder of its charms and its follies". What critics have consistently found interesting in her writing is the introduction and careful treatment of a female protagonist, complete with character flaws, "who must make her way in a hostile world." These are recognisable also as features of Jane Austen's writing, and show Burney's influence on her work.Furthermore, she sought to put to use the epistolary form espoused periodically by <mask>, as seen in Lady Susan and to a lesser extent Pride and Prejudice. As a testament to its popularity, the novel went through four immediate editions. In 1971, Encyclopædia Britannica stated of Evelina: "Addressed to the young, the novel has a quality perennially young." Hester Thrale and Streatham
The novel brought <mask> to the attention of a patron of the arts, Hester Thrale, who invited <mask> to visit her home in Streatham. The house was a centre for literary and political

masks:
Frances Burney
Fanny Burney
Frances Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances
Charles Burney
Burney
Charles Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances Burney
Burney
Frances
Burney
Frances
Frances Burney
Frances Burney
Esther Burney
Frances
Frances
Charles Burney
Charles Burney
Frances
Frances
Frances
Frances
Burney
Frances
Burney
Frances
Burney
Dr Burney
Frances Burney
Burney
Frances
Frances
Burney
Frances
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney


texts:
 conversation. Though shy by nature, <mask> impressed those she met, including Dr Johnson, who would remain a friend and correspondent throughout the period of her visits, from 1779 to 1783. Thrale wrote to Dr <mask> on 22 July: "Mr. Johnson returned home full of the Prayes of the Book I had lent him, and protesting that there were passages in it which might do honour to Richardson: we talk of it for ever, and he feels ardent after the dénouement; he could not get rid of the Rogue, he said."Many of Dr Johnson's compliments were transcribed into <mask>'s diary. Sojourns at Streatham occupied months at a time, and on several occasions the guests, including <mask>, made trips to Brighton and to Bath. Like other notable events, these were recorded in letters to her family. The Witlings
In 1779, encouraged by the public's warm reception of comic material in Evelina, and with offers of help from Arthur Murphy and Richard Brinsley Sheridan, <mask> began to write a dramatic comedy called The Witlings. The play satirised a wide segment of London society, including the literary world and its pretensions. It was not published at the time because <mask>'s father and the family friend Samuel Crisp thought it would offend some of the public by seeming to mock the Bluestockings, and because they had reservations about the propriety of a woman writing comedy. The play tells the story of Celia and Beaufort, lovers kept apart by their families due to "economic insufficiency".<mask>'s plays came to light again in 1945 when her papers were acquired by the Berg Collection of the New York Public Library. A complete edition was published in Montreal in 1995, edited by Peter Sabor, Geoffrey Sill, and Stewart Cooke. Cecilia
In 1782 she published Cecilia, or Memoirs of an Heiress, written partly at Chessington Hall and after much discussion with Crisp. The publishers, Thomas Payne and Thomas Cadell, paid <mask> £250 for her novel, printed 2000 copies of the first edition, and reprinted it at least twice within a year. The plot revolves around a heroine, Cecilia Beverley, whose inheritance from an uncle comes with the stipulation that she find a husband who will accept her name. Beset on all sides by would-be suitors, the beautiful and intelligent Cecilia's heart is captivated by a man whose family's pride in its birth and ancestry would forbid such a change of name. He finally persuades Cecilia, against all her judgement, to marry him secretly, so that their union – and consequent change of name – can be presented to the family as a fait accompli.The work received praise for the maturity of its ironic third-person narration, but was viewed as less spontaneous than her first work, and weighed by the author's self-conscious awareness of her audience. Some critics claim to have found the narration intrusive, while friends found the writing too closely modelled on Johnson's. Edmund Burke admired the novel, but moderated his praise with criticism of the array of characters and tangled, convoluted plots. Jane Austen seems to have been inspired by a sentence in Cecilia to name her famous novel Pride and Prejudice:
"The whole of this unfortunate business," said Dr Lyster, "has been the result of pride and prejudice." The Royal Court

In 1775 <mask> turned down a marriage proposal from one Thomas Barlow, a man whom she had met only once. Her side of the Barlow courtship is amusingly told in her journal. During 1782–1785 she enjoyed the rewards of her successes as a novelist; she was received at fashionable literary gatherings throughout London.In 1781 Samuel Crisp died. In 1784 Dr Johnson died, and that year also brought her failure in a romance with a clergyman, George Owen Cambridge. She was 33 years old. In 1785, an association with Mary Granville Delany, a woman known in both literary and royal circles, allowed <mask> to travel to the court of King George III and Queen Charlotte, where the Queen offered her the post of "Keeper of the Robes", with a salary of £200 per annum. <mask> hesitated, not wishing to be separated from her family, and especially resistant to employment that would restrict free use of her time in writing. However, unmarried at 34, she felt constrained to accept and thought that improved social status and income might allow her greater freedom to write. Having accepted the post in 1786, she developed a warm relationship with the queen and princesses that lasted into her later years, yet her doubts proved accurate: the position exhausted her and left her little writing time.Her sorrow was intensified by poor relations with her colleague Juliane Elisabeth von Schwellenburg, co-Keeper of the Robes, who has been described as "a peevish old person of uncertain temper and impaired health, swaddled in the buckram of backstairs etiquette." Burney's journals continued during her court years. To her friends and to Susanna, she recounted her life in court, along with major political events, including the public trial of Warren Hastings for "official misconduct in India". She recorded the speeches of Edmund Burke at the trial. She was courted by an official of the royal household, Colonel Stephen Digby, but he eventually married another woman of greater wealth. The disappointment, combined with the other frustrations of office, contributed to her health failing at this time. In 1790 she prevailed on her father (whose own career had taken a new turn when he was appointed organist at Chelsea Hospital in 1783) to request that she be released from the post, which she was.She returned to her father's house in Chelsea, but continued to receive a yearly pension of £100. She kept up a friendship with the royal family and received letters from the princesses from 1818 until 1840. Marriage

In 1790–1791 Burney wrote four blank-verse tragedies: Hubert de Vere, The Siege of Pevensey, Elberta and Edwy and Elgiva. Only the last was performed. Although it was one of a profusion of paintings and literary works about the early English king Eadwig (Edwy) and his wife Ælfgifu (Elgiva) to appear in the later 18th century, it met with public failure, opening in London in March for only one night. The French Revolution began in 1789; <mask> was among many literary figures in England who sympathized with its early ideals of equality and social justice. During this period <mask> became acquainted with some French exiles known as "Constitutionalists", who had fled to England in August 1791 and were living at Juniper Hall, near Mickleham, Surrey, where <mask>'s sister Susanna lived.She quickly became close to General Alexandre d'Arblay, an artillery officer who had been adjutant-general to Lafayette, a hero of the French Revolution whose political views lay between those of Royalist and of Republicans. D'Arblay taught her French and introduced her to the writer Germaine de Staël. <mask>'s father disapproved of d'Arblay's poverty, Catholicism, and ambiguous social status as an émigré. Nonetheless she and d'Arblay were married on 28 July 1793 at St Michaels and All Angels Church in Mickleham. The same year she produced her pamphlet Brief Reflections relative to the Emigrant French Clergy. This short work resembled other pamphlets produced by French sympathisers in England, calling for financial support for the revolutionary cause. It is noteworthy for the way that Burney employed her rhetorical skills in the name of tolerance and human compassion.On 18 December 1794, <mask> gave birth to a son, Alexander Charles Louis (died 19 January 1837), who took holy orders, being minister of Ely Chapel, London, and perpetual curate of Camden Town Chapel. Her sister Charlotte's remarriage in 1798 to the pamphleteer Ralph Broome caused her and her father further consternation, as did the move by her sister Susanna and penurious brother-in-law Molesworth Phillips and their family to Ireland in 1796. Camilla
The newly-weds were saved from poverty in 1796 by the publication of <mask>'s "courtesy novel" Camilla, or a Picture of Youth, a story of frustrated love and impoverishment. The first edition sold out; she made £1000 on the novel and sold the copyright for another £1000. This was sufficient for them to build a house in Westhumble near Dorking in Surrey, which they called Camilla Cottage. Their life at this time was by all accounts happy, but the illness and death in 1800 of <mask>'s sister and close friend Susanna cast a shadow and ended a lifelong correspondence that had been the motive and basis for most of Burney's journal writing. However, she resumed her journal at the request of her husband, for the benefit of her son.Comedies
In the period 1797–1801 <mask> wrote three comedies that remained unpublished in her lifetime: Love and Fashion, A Busy Day and The Woman Hater. The last is partly a reworking of subject-matter from The Witlings, but with satirical elements toned down and more emphasis on reforming her characters' faults. First performed in December 2007 at the Orange Tree Theatre in Richmond, it retains one of the central characters, Lady Smatter – an absent-minded but inveterate quoter of poetry, perhaps meant as a comic rendering of a Bluestocking. All other characters in The Woman Hater differ from those in The Witlings. Life in France: revolution and mastectomy
In 1801 d'Arblay was offered service with the government of Napoleon Bonaparte in France, and in 1802 <mask> and her son followed him to Paris, where they expected to remain for a year. The outbreak of war between France and England overtook their visit and they remained there in exile for ten years. Although isolated from her family while in France, <mask> was supportive of her husband's decision to move to Passy, outside Paris.In August 1810 <mask> developed pains in her breast, which her husband suspected could be due to breast cancer. Through her royal network, she was eventually treated by several leading physicians, and a year later, on 30 September 1811, underwent a mastectomy performed by "7 men in black, Dr. Larrey, M. Dubois, Dr. Moreau, Dr. Aumont, Dr. Ribe, & a pupil of Dr. Larrey, & another of M. Dubois". The operation was performed like a battlefield operation under the command of M. Dubois, then accoucheur (midwife or obstetrician) to the Empress Marie Louise and seen as the best doctor in France. <mask> later described the operation in detail, since she was conscious through most of it, as it took place before the development of anaesthetics. I mounted, therefore, unbidden, the Bed stead – & M. Dubois placed me upon the Mattress, & spread a cambric handkerchief upon my face. It was transparent, however, & I saw, through it, that the Bed stead was instantly surrounded by the 7 men & my nurse. I refused to be held; but when, Bright through the cambric, I saw the glitter of polished Steel – I closed my Eyes.I would not trust to convulsive fear the sight of the terrible incision. Yet – when the dreadful steel was plunged into the breast – cutting through veins – arteries – flesh – nerves – I needed no injunctions not to restrain my cries. I began a scream that lasted unintermittingly during the whole time of the incision – & I almost marvel that it rings not in my Ears still? so excruciating was the agony. When the wound was made, & the instrument was withdrawn, the pain seemed undiminished, for the air that suddenly rushed into those delicate parts felt like a mass of minute but sharp & forked poniards, that were tearing the edges of the wound. I concluded the operation was over – Oh no! presently the terrible cutting was renewed – & worse than ever, to separate the bottom, the foundation of this dreadful gland from the parts to which it adhered – Again all description would be baffled – yet again all was not over, – Dr. Larry rested but his own hand, & – Oh heaven!– I then felt the knife (rack)ling against the breast bone – scraping it! She sent her account of this experience months later to her sister Esther without rereading it. It remains one of the most compelling early accounts of a mastectomy. It is impossible to know today whether the breast removed was indeed cancerous. She survived, and returned to England with her son in 1812 to visit her ailing father and to avoid young Alexander's conscription into the French army. <mask> died in 1814, and she went back to France later that year after the Treaty of Paris had been concluded, to be with her husband. In 1815 Napoleon escaped from Elba, and returned to power in France.D'Arblay, who was serving with the King's Guard, remained loyal to King Louis XVIII and became involved in the military actions that followed. <mask> fled to Belgium. When her husband was wounded she joined him at Trèves (Trier) and together they returned to Bath in England, to live at 23 Great Stanhope Street. <mask> wrote an account of this experience and of her Paris years in her Waterloo Journal of 1818–1832. D'Arblay was promoted to lieutenant-general, but died shortly afterwards of cancer, in 1818. The Wanderer and Memoirs of Dr <mask>
<mask> published her fourth novel, The Wanderer: Or, Female Difficulties, a few days before her father's death. "A story of love and misalliance set in the French Revolution", it criticises the English treatment of foreigners in the war years.It also pillories the hypocritical social curbs put on women in general – as the heroine tries one means after another to earn an honest penny – and the elaborate class criteria for social inclusion or exclusion. That strong social message sits uneasily within an unusual structure that might be called a melodramatic proto-mystery novel with elements of the picaresque. The heroine is no scallywag, in fact a bit too innocent for modern taste, but she is wilful and for obscure reasons refuses to reveal her name or origin. So as she darts about the South of England as a fugitive, she arouses suspicions; it is not always easy to agree with the author that these are unfair or unjustified. There are a dismaying number of coincidental meetings of characters. Some parallels of plot and attitude have been drawn between The Wanderer and early novels of Helen Craik, which she could have read in the 1790s. Burney made £1500 from the first run, but the work

masks:
Frances
Burney
Frances
Frances Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances
Burney
Frances
Frances
Burney
Frances
Frances
Burney
Frances
Frances
Frances
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Charles Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney


texts:
 disappointed her followers and did not go into a second English printing, although it met her immediate financial needs.Critics felt it lacked the insight of her earlier novels. It remains interesting today for the social opinions that it conveys and for some flashes of <mask>'s humour and discernment of character. It was reprinted in 1988 with an introduction by the novelist Margaret Drabble in the "Mothers of the Novel" series. After her husband's death at 23 Great Stanhope Street, Bath, <mask> moved to London to be nearer to her son, then a fellow at Christ's College. In homage to her father she gathered and in 1832 published in three volumes the Memoirs of Doctor <mask>. These were written in a panegyric style, praising her father's accomplishments and character, and she drew on many of her own personal writings from years before to produce them. Always protective of her father and the family reputation, she destroyed evidence of facts that were painful or unflattering and was soundly criticised by contemporaries and later by historians for doing so.Later life
<mask> outlived her son, who died in 1837, and her sister Charlotte Broome, who died in 1838. While in Bath, Burney received visits from younger members of the <mask> family, who found her a fascinating storyteller with a talent for imitating the personalities that she described. She continued to write often to members of her family. <mask> died on 6 January 1840. She was buried with her son and her husband in Walcot cemetery in Bath. A gravestone was later erected in the churchyard of St Swithin's across the road, adjacent to that of Jane Austen's father, George Austen. Plaques and memorials
In addition to the gravestone erected in the churchyard of St Swithin, Bath, other memorials and plaques record <mask>'s life.A plaque on the wall at 84 High Street, King's Lynn, shows where she and her father lived in the 1750s. In 1780, two years after the publication of Evelina, she stayed at 14 South Parade, Bath, with Mr and Mrs Thrale, who were great friends of Dr Johnson. A plaque on the wall of the house records her visit. At 78 West Street, Brighton, Sussex a blue plaque records her visits to the Thrales' home there. At Windsor Castle Wall, St Alban's Street, Windsor, a plaque records the residence of Mary Delaney between 1785 and 1788, where she was frequently visited by <mask>. A blue plaque on a wall in Chapel Lane, Westhumble, Surrey records the d'Arblays' life there in their cottage, 'Camilla', which they built and in which they lived between 1797 and 1801. At St Margaret's Vicarage, St Margaret's Place, Kings Lynn a blue plaque records Burney's regular visits there, where she observed the social life of Lynn.A Royal Society of Arts brown plaque records her period of residence at 11 Bolton Street, Mayfair. On 13 June 2002 the Burney Society of North America and the Burney Society UK unveiled a memorial panel in the new Poets' Corner window in Westminster Abbey in memory of <mask>. In 2013, a marble plaque was unveiled in the gallery of St Swithin's Church, Bath, to record <mask>'s life. This replaces two original plaques – one to her and one to her half-sister Sarah Harriet – that were lost. In 1958, the St Swithin's church authorities had sought to protect the plaques by removing them during renovations to the church organ, but they later disappeared. List of works

Fiction
The History of Caroline Evelyn, (ms. destroyed by author, 1767)
Evelina: Or The History of A Young Lady's Entrance into the World, London, 1778
Cecilia: Or, Memoirs of an Heiress, London, 1782
Camilla: Or, A Picture of Youth, London, 1796, revised (shortened) 1802
The Wanderer: Or, Female Difficulties, London: Longmans, 1814

Non-fiction
Brief Reflections Relative to the French Emigrant Clergy. London, 1793
Memoirs of Doctor Burney.London: Moxon, 1832

Journals and letters
Diary and Letters of Madame d'Arblay, 1778-1840. Edited by her niece [Charlotte Barrett]. In 7 vols. London: H. Colburn (1842-46). The Early Diary of <mask> 1768–1778. 2 vols. Ed.Annie Raine Ellis. London: 1889
The Diary and Letters of Madame d'Arblay. Ed. Austin Dobson. London: Macmillan, 1904
The Diary of Fanny Burney. Ed. Lewis Gibbs.London: Everyman, 1971
Dr. Johnson & Fanny Burney [HTML at Virginia], by <mask>. Ed. Chauncy Brewster Tinker. London: Jonathan Cape, 1912
The Early Journals and Letters of <mask>, 1768–1786. 5 vols. Vols. 1–2, ed.Lars Troide; Vol. 3, ed. Lars Troide and Stewart Cooke; Vol. 4, ed. Betty Rizzo; Vol. 5, ed. Lars Troide and Stewart Cooke
The Journals and Letters of <mask> (Madame d'Arblay) 1791–1840, (12 vols.)Vols. I–VI, ed. Joyce Hemlow, with Patricia Boutilier and Althea Douglas; Vol. VII, ed. Edward A. and Lillian D. Bloom; Vol. VIII, ed. Peter Hughes; Vols.IX–X, ed. Warren Derry; Vols. XI–XII, ed. Joyce Hemlow with Althea Douglas and Patricia Hawkins. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972–1984. The Court Journals and Letters of <mask> (1786-1781). In 6 vols.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011-2019. The Additional Journals and Letters of <mask>. 2 vols. Vol. 1 (1784-1786); vol. 2 (1791-1840). Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015-2018.Plays
The Witlings, 1779 (satirical comedy)
Edwy and Elgiva, 1790 (verse tragedy). Produced at Drury Lane, 21 March 1795
Hubert de Vere, c. 1788–91 (verse tragedy)
The Siege of Pevensey, c. 1788–91 (verse tragedy)
Elberta, (fragment) 1788–91? (verse tragedy)
Love and Fashion, 1799 (satirical comedy)
The Woman Hater, 1800–01 (satirical comedy)
A Busy Day, 1800–01 (satirical comedy)

References

Notes
Michael E. Adelstein, <mask>. New York: Twayne, 1968
<mask>, The Complete Plays of <mask> (Vol. 1: Comedies; Vol. 2: Tragedies), ed. Peter Sabor, Stewart Cooke, and Geoffrey Sill, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995
<mask>, Journals and Letters.Ed. Peter Sabor and Lars E. Troide: Penguin Classics, 2001
<mask>, The Witlings and The Woman-Hater. Ed. Peter Sabor and Geoffrey Sill, Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2002
"<mask>, Fanny, 1752–1840.” Literature Online Biography. Fredericton: University of New Brunswick. 3 December 2006
"<mask>, Fanny." Encyclopædia Britannica.Vol. 4, 1971
"<mask>, Fanny." The Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature. Ed. Claire Buck. London, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1992. Commire, Anne, and Deborah Klezmer.Women in World History: A biographical encyclopaedia. Waterford: Yorkin, 1999–2002
D.D. Devlin, The Novels and Journals of <mask>. Hampshire: Macmillan, 1987
Marianna D'Ezio, "Transcending National Identity: Paris and London in <mask>'s Novels". Synergies Royaume-Uni et Irlande 3 (2010), pp. 59–74
Margaret Anne Doody, <mask>: The Life in The Works. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1988
Julia Epstein, The Iron Pen: <mask> and the Politics of Women's Writing.Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1989
Claire Harman, Fanny Burney: A Biography. New York: Knopf, 2001
Joyce Hemlow, The History of Fanny Burney. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958
Judy Simons, Diaries and Journals of Literary Women from <mask> to Virginia Woolf. Hampshire: Macmillan, 1990
Paula Stepankowsky, "<mask>ey

masks:
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances Burney
Burney
Frances Burney
Fanny Burney
Fanny Burney
Fanny Burney
Frances Burney
Frances Burney
Fanny Burney
Fanny Burney
Frances Burney
Fanny Burney
Fanny Burney
Burney
Burney
Burney
Frances Burney
Frances Burney
Frances Burney
Frances Burney
Fanny Burney
Frances Burn