texts:
William (<mask><mask>, also seen as Ostyn (13 July 1913 in Kachtem – 30 March 1993 in Roeselare), was a classical Belgian composer of the 20th century. Biography

At the age of sixteen, <mask> entered the Lemmensinstituut of Malines to study the piano with Marinus de Jong and the organ with Flor Peeters. He got a pedagogical diploma at the Royal Conservatory of Ghent, and first prizes of counterpoint, piano, chamber music and composition. <mask> becomes the second organist of the St Rumoldus’ Cathedral of Malines. From 1938 until his retirement, he was also a professor of musical education at the Royal Atheneum of Roeselare, a function that did not prevent him from giving lectures at the Music Academy of Izegem from 1939 to 1949. Before the Second World War, Ostijn had a reputation with the Trio Willy Ostijn which played the great works of the repertory and Ostijn’s own compositions. Between 1950 and 1960 his symphonic music and concertante pieces, written in a romantic style, were performed by many orchestras in Belgium and broadcast abroad.Conductors Paul Doulliez, Leonce Graz, ,  and Jozef Verhelst were the most active ones to publicize his works. From 1960, the disinterest of the audience towards "light music"  and neoclassical style caused the decline of <mask>’s career. The reorganization of public broadcasting in Belgium in 1961 meant that his works were no longer broadcast. Thereafter, Ostijn devoted himself mainly to chamber music and choral music. Far from seeking originality at all costs, <mask> gives his audience a chance to have a good time with a man of taste. <mask> said: “Both in terms of technique and of vision, I have always remained faithful to the romantic tradition that sees music as a spontaneous and logical development of lyrical themes through classical harmony and rich, varying orchestration”. Between 1945 and 1955 he specialized in brilliant works (rhapsody, overture, concert piece, symphonic poem), often descriptive : "Spaanse balletsuite" ("Spanish ballet suite"), "Beelden uit Broadway" ("Images from Broadway"), "Marokkaanse Suite" ("Moroccan Suite"), "Ijslandvaarders" ("Icelandic seafarers"), "Beelden uit het Oosten" ("Images from the Orient"), or both "concertstück for piano and orchestra" and "concertstück for piano and strings".His symphonic work is close to the Belgian Arthur Meulemans, the French Maurice Thiriet, the English Haydn Wood and the American Ferde Grofé. Works (incomplete list)

In most cases, the works of <mask> are undated. The dates mentioned in the list of works are those of the radio creations. <mask> almost always composed his works long time before the dates of creations indicated here. Symphonic Works
"Drie Vlaamse dansen" ("Three Flemish Dances") (1942)
"Suite for orchestra No. 1" (1948)
"Images from the Orient" ("Oriental Scenes") (1949)
"Romantische Concertwals" ("Romantic Concert Waltz") (1950)
"Spanish Ballet Suite" (1950)
"Suite for orchestra No. 2", in four movements (1950)
"Images from Broadway" (1950)
"Sentimental Rhapsody" (1950)
"London Suite" (1951)
"Moroccan Suite" (1951)
"Rhapsody for orchestra", in three parts (1951)
"Flandria Overture" (1952)
"Blijdschap Overture" ("Gladness Doubt Overture") (1952)
"Happy March" ("Concert March"), for band (1952)
"Vlaamse Capriccio", for orchestra (1953 ; orig.for piano and orchestra, 1953)
"Icelandic Seafarers" (1953)
"Concert Overture" (1954)
"Rural Scenes" (1954)
"In Flander Fields", symphonic poem (1955)
"Dramatic Overture" (1955)
"Westland Overture" (1957)
"Feest Overture" ("Festive Overture") (1958)
"Concertstück for orchestra" (1958)
"Mephisto Overture" (1959)
"Berthold Overture" (1959)
"Huldigingsmars" (1960)
"Festival Overture" (1960)
"Images from Zeebrugge", two pieces for orchestra (1960)
"Twee Zeebeelden" ("Two pictures of the Sea") (1962)
"Drie Zeebeelden" ("Three pictures of the Sea") (1963)
"Capriccio Overture" (1965)
"Zeeland Fantasy" (1979)
"Two Impressions for orchestra" (1981)

Works for strings
"Andante and Allegro for Strings" (1952)
"Laeticia", for Strings (1954)
"Divertimento for Strings (No. 1)", in four movements (1954) – There also exist two other Divertimentos for Strings
"Concertstück for Strings (No. 1)" (1960) – There also exist three other Concertstücke for Strings
"Arab Dance for Strings" (19??) Chamber Works
"Interludium for saxophone quartet" (1939)
"Images from the Orient" ("Oriental Scenes") (1949 ; orig. for orchestra), version for clarinet (or violin) and piano ; version for clarinet ensemble
"Turkish March", for clarinet and piano (1950)
"Rhapsody for saxophone choir", in two parts (1951)
"Romanza for violin and piano" (1951 ; orig. for violin and Strings)
"Fata Morgana", for clarinet, viola and piano (1952)
"Trio « Twilight »", for clarinet, viola and piano (1952)
"Parade for Trumpet and orchestra" (1952), version for clarinet and piano
"Elegy for clarinet choir" (1952)
"Nocturne for piano and clarinet ensemble" (1952 ; transcription of the "Nocturne for piano and Strings" in D major, 1952)
"Elegy for viola and piano" (1954)
"Intermezzo for two Clarinets" (1954)
"Bolero", for clarinet and piano (1955)
"Spanish Dance", for clarinet and piano (1955)
"Rhapsody for clarinet ensemble" (or for flute ensemble), in two parts (1955)
"Gladness Doubt Overture" (1955), version for clarinet quartet
"Serenade for clarinet ensemble" (1956 ; transcription of the "Serenade for violin and Strings", 1954)
"Elegy for two violins, viola and cello" (1956 ; orig. for viola and piano, 1954)
"Interludium for Oboe and Strings" (1958), version for clarinet and piano
"Interludium for Oboe and String quartet" (1958 ; orig.for oboe and Strings, 1958)
"Divertimento for Strings (No. 1)", in four movements (1959), version for string quintet
"Promenade for alto saxophone (or clarinet, or flute) and piano" (1960)
"Pastorale for clarinet (or oboe, or trumpet) and piano" (1960)
"Entrée héroïque", for clarinet ensemble (1960)
"Intermezzo for two Horns and string quartet" (1960), version for two Flutes and piano
"Valse noble" ("Edele Wals"), for clarinet, flute and piano (1962)
"Canzone for clarinet and piano" (1964 ; transcription of the "Canzonetta for Flute and Strings", 1958)
"Canzonetta for Soprano Saxophone and saxophone choir" (1965 ; transcription of the "Canzonetta for Flute and Strings", 1958)
"Trio in B minor", for flute (or violin), viola and piano (1960)
"Concertstück for Strings (No. 1)" (1960), version for string quintet
"Ballade for violin and piano" (or organ) (1961)
"Laeticia", for flute ensemble (1962 ; orig. for Strings, 1954)
"Capriccio for violin (or flute, or clarinet), viola and piano" (1965)
"De Winter is verganghen" ("The Winter is past"), for clarinet ensemble (1965)
"Concertstück for oboe, clarinet, basson and horn" (1973)
"Ballade for tenor saxophone and piano" (1975)
"Foxtrot for clarinet ensemble" (1975)
"Fantasia, for wind quintet" (Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, Horn and Bassoon) (1975)
"Czardas", for clarinet and piano (1978)
"Impression for Flute, Oboe, Clarinet and Bassoon" (1981 ; transcription of one of the "Two Impressions for orchestra", 1981)
"Romanza for viola and piano" (19??) "Aubade for flute and piano" (19??) "Ballade for basson (or cello) and piano" (19??) "String Quartets No.1-4" (before 1953)
"String Quartet No.5" (1953)
"Quintet for Oboe and string quartet" (19??) "Giocoso for Six Saxophones" (19??) "Impromptu for clarinet and piano" (19??) Piano Works
"Miniature No. 1" (1935)
"Miniature No. 2" (between 1935 and 1939)
"Miniature No. 3" (1939)
"Duinkerke" ("Dunkirk") (1950)
"St. Winoksbergen" (1950)
"Zuytcote" ("Zuydcoote") (1950)
"Toccata No.1" (1968)
"Nocturne" (1968)
"Ballade" (1970)
"Toccata No. 2" (1979)
"Rust Roest" (1979)
"Capriccio" (19??) "Wiegelied" (19??) "Scherzetto" (19??) Organ Works
"Symphony for organ" (1939)
"Intermezzo" (19??) "Pastorale" (19??) "Prelude" (19??)"Preludium" (same as "Prelude" ?) (19??) "Roosvensters" ("Rose Windows") (19??) "Toccata in a French Romantic style" (19??) Choral Works
"Het Meisje van Damme" ("The Girl from Damme"), operetta (1954)
"Ave Verum", for Choir (1961)
"Westland Fantasia" (1962)
"Klokkeput saga", cantata for Choir and orchestra (1968)
"Psalm 150" for Choir and orchestra (or for choir and organ) (1968)
"Ave Maria", for Choir (1961 ; rev. 1969)
"Westland Cantata", for Choir and orchestra (1974)
"Missa in Re", for Choir and orchestra (or for Choir and organ) (1974) – There are also two other Masses
"Ter Waarheid", for baryton and orchestra (1975)
"Terug naar de bron" ("Back to the Source"), cantata for Choir and orchestra (1978)
"Hulde aan Polen", ode for Choir and brass quintet (19??) "Lied der vrijgezellen", for Tenor and orchestra (19??)"Lied van Enrico", for Baryton and orchestra (19??) "Vrouwen", for Baryton and orchestra (19??) "Kerstlied van de Zwerver" ("The Hobo’s Christmas Carol") (19??) Recordings

At the time of 2011, there is currently no CD recording of works by <mask>ijn. External links
<mask>jn : 1913-1993, Short Biography by Peter Malisse, in the site New Music Centre
<mask>ijn at Matrix-New-Music.be

 Koninklijk Conservatorium Brussel now houses most works and manuscripts of Ostijn, after the bankruptcy of CeBeDeM in 2015. References

1913 births
1993 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Belgian classical organists
Male organists
20th-century organists
20th-century Belgian male musicians

masks:
Willy
) Ostijn
Willy Ostijn
Willy Ostijn
Ostijn
Willy Ostijn
Ostijn
Willy Ostijn
Willy Ostijn
Willy Ost
Willy Osti
Willy Ost


type: original

texts:
was a Taiwanese-born Japanese rōshi and Zen Buddhist master in the Rinzai tradition. An enigmatic figure, <mask> had a major impact on Zen as it was practiced in the 20th century, both in Japan and abroad. Early life

<mask> was born as <mask> on March 19, 1907, in Keelung, Taiwan as the eldest of three boys: Matoi, Tamotsu and Sonow. His father, <mask>, was an army medical officer and his mother's name was Kazuko. His family moved shortly after to Iwakuni, and then finally to Hiroshima. In 1917, at age 12, <mask>'s father died, leaving his mother Kazuko a young widow. <mask>'s younger brother, Tamotsu, died soon after in his early childhood.His mother was forced to work to make ends meet and educate her young children herself. It was an unforgiving childhood for Soen. But Soen was much more interested in the arts, where at a young age he displayed a gift for poetry. Education

In 1923, <mask> (still Matoi) entered high school and became a boarder at the First Academy in Tokyo. Soen's childhood friend, Yamada Koun, enrolled on the same day as him. The two became roommates there and remained lifelong friends. It was expected that Soen would carry on the samurai tradition of his father, but Soen was pondering a more spiritual occupation.On one occasion Koun recalled young <mask> talking once about how he was sitting zazen atop a platform on the balancing bars in the playground resulting in a "natural self-realization". Koun found this rather odd. Soen would write later, as a monk, that his high school years were spent in search of a meaningful occupation. At the school library Soen read a passage on impermanence and deluded approaches towards happiness by Schopenhauer, which provided young Soen with a sense of clarity. Soen next read Orategama by Hakuin, and found again great clarity in the words. He gave a copy to Yamada Koun, who showed great interest in Zen afterward. In 1927, Soen and Yamada entered Tokyo Imperial University together, where Soen stayed in a dorm at the Pure Land temple Gangyo-ji.He majored in Japanese Literature, and it was here that he continued writing his poetry. While at the university Soen studied classics of both the East and West. He studied Buddhist sutras and even the Holy Bible. Life on campus was fun for him, he frequented the theater to hear renditions of classical masters and had a band of friends immersed within the artistic community of Japan. Soen even started a small group at the university for people to sit zazen together, a tradition that lives on at the university to this day. <mask>'s final thesis was on the famous haiku poet, Matsuo Bashō. Zen training

In 1931 <mask> and Yamada graduated from Tokyo Imperial University, and it would be several years before the two would meet again.A short while after graduation Soen attended a Dharma talk by Rinzai Zen master Keigaku Katsube at Shorin-ji and knew he wanted to become a monk. Soen wanted to be ordained on his birthday at Kogaku-ji, once the monastery of his favorite Zen master Bassui. His mother felt he was throwing away his education, but knew he was a grown man who had to make his own decisions. So on March 19, 1931, Soen was ordained as a Zen monk by Keigaku Katsube at Kogaku-ji and given his Dharma name Soen. Just like Bassui, Soen began travelling to Dai Bosatsu Mountain in Kai province (near Mount Fuji) doing solitary retreats as a hermit and then returning to the monastery to resume his duties as a monk. On the mountain Soen sat zazen and wrote haikus, bathing in nearby streams and living off of the land. One day while on the mountain he nearly killed himself by eating poisonous mushrooms, and some peasants from nearby took him in and nursed him back to health.During this time <mask> also became a friend and informal pupil of Dakotsu Iida, the now famous haiku poet. He later sent his work to Iada and had it published in Iida's haiku journal, Unmo. In 1932 <mask> first conceived the idea of an International Dai Bosatsu Zendo while meditating on Dai Bosatsu Mountain, traveling to Sakhalin Island in Siberia in an empty search for gold to fund the project. It was also on Dau Bosatsu Mountain that <mask> came up with his original mantra, "Namu dai bosa". In 1933 <mask> completed his haiku anthology Shigan (Coffin of Poems). That following year, 1934, selections from Shigan were published in the haiku journal Fujin Koron. Ryutaku-ji

In 1935 <mask> accompanied Katsube Roshi to lead a weekend retreat for Tokyo Imperial University students, and realized he forgot the kyosaku (Zen stick).In search of a replacement stick Soen went to a nearby Zen center, Hakusan Dojo, where he heard Myoshin-ji Zen master Gempo Yamamoto speaking. Soen became transfixed by the talk and intrigued by the man. Soen would return to the dojo several times after this encounter. One day, Gempo stated:

This remark struck a deep and spontaneous chord within Soen, and so he requested dokusan with Gempo following the talk where he expressed the desire to train under him. So Soen became a student of Gempo Yamamoto at Ryutaku-ji. In 1937 <mask> makes a trip with Gempo Yamamoto to Xinjing in Japanese-occupied Northeast China, to start a branch of Myoshin-ji Zen with the aim of moralizing the slave labor force used in Nissan-owned mining enterprises. Soen had recently begun corresponding with Nyogen Senzaki (now in Los Angeles) in 1935, whose unconventional style of Zen teaching Soen greatly appreciated.In 1938 Yamada Koun was transferred to Xinjing on business where he met <mask> again. Here, <mask> mentioned to Yamada his earlier dream of one day founding a non-traditional monastery on Dai Bosatsu Mountain in the spirit of Bassui. Yamada and <mask> were walking one night together while Yamada was going on about some thing or another, and <mask> stopped to say something that sparked Yamada's interest:

Years later, Yamada Koun became a Zen monk and roshi, as well. In 1939, <mask> returned to Dai Bosatsu Mountain for another solitary retreat. In 1941, Ryutaku-ji is officially recognized as a Rinzai training monastery. In 1949, <mask> made his first trip to the United States where he met Nyogen Senzaki in San Francisco. He found Senzaki's approach to Zen refreshing, and was happy to find a new freedom in expressing himself to followers that would be unheard of in Japan.Free to combine his love for Japanese theater (Noh) into analogies that paralleled sayings of the great Zen masters of the past. Nyogen expressed his wish to Soen that he would like him to stay with him to become his heir, but Soen has responsibilities back at Ryutaku-ji he was unwilling to compromise. The two saw each other again in latter visits to the USA. During this year, Soen also published his Meihen (Life Anthology). Hesitation

In 1950, Gempo Yamamoto roshi decided it was time for him to retire as abbot of Ryutaku-ji, and he wanted to appoint Soen as head abbot. Soen was hesitant and anxious about the proposition of becoming abbot. He fled the monastery briefly after assuming the position, leaving Gempo with no other choice but to resume the position temporarily.In 1951, <mask> returned and resumed his position as abbot at Ryutaku-ji. <mask> was a non-traditional abbot, deciding to not distinguish himself from his students. He wore the robe of a monk, he bathed and ate in their quarters. Over the next few years Soen set out to visit other masters stating that, since he had only finished 500 koans of Hakuin's 1700 curriculum, he needed more training. He went to Hosshin-ji and studied under Harada Daiun Sogaku, lineage holder of both the Sōtō and Rinzai school. In 1954, <mask> met a young monk named Tai Shimano (Eido Tai Shimano) at a funeral for Zen priest Daikyu Mineo. In the summer of that year, Tai Shimano ordained as a monk at Ryutaku-ji under <mask>'s tutelage.In 1955, <mask> made his second trip to the United States and Nyogen Senzaki came to Ryutaku-ji to visit with <mask> for 6 weeks. In 1957, Keigaku Katsube roshi died. In 1958, Nyogen Senzaki died. <mask> was named as the executor of Senzaki's estate and returned to the U.S. to settle Senzakis' affairs. In 1959 and 1960, <mask> traveled to the US twice, leading a sesshin in Honolulu, HI during the latter. In 1961, Gempo Yamamoto roshi died. In 1962, <mask>'s mother died.Soen and his mother were extraordinarily close. She would visit Ryutaku-ji almost daily to go on excursions into the mountains to talk. They would sit together to have tea, or listen to classical music together. Her death, along with Gempo's death the year before, sent Soen into a depression. He frequented Dai Bosatsu Mountain many times following this for solitary retreat. In 1963, <mask> traveled to the United States, India, Israel, Egypt, England, Austria and Denmark with Charles Gooding, a former student of Nyogen Senzaki, teaching Zen with various sanghas. Accident, 1967
In 1967, Nakagawa sustained a serious injury surveying the grounds of Ryutaku-ji from the view of a treetop.He slipped on a branch and was left unconscious for three days where he had fallen before being found. He was discovered in a bed of bamboo reeds unexpectedly by one of his monks. He was hospitalized for a long time while being treated for his head injury. Yamada Koun stated he was never quite the same after this accident. 1967-1984

In 1968, <mask> made his 7th trip to the US to open New York Zendo Shobo-Ji on September 15. In 1969, <mask> travelled again to Israel, England, Egypt], New york, California and Hawaii to lead sesshins with sanghas. In 1971, <mask> made his 9th visit to the US, helping The Zen Studies Society (founded by Cornelius Crane) purchase land in the Catskill Mountains for International Dai Bosatsu Zendo.In 1972, <mask> made his 10th visit to the United States where he gave Dharma transmission to Eido Tai Shimano. Upon returning to Japan in 1973, <mask> retired as abbot of Ryutaku-ji. This same year he published "Ten Haiku of My Choice". In 1974 and 1975, <mask> made two more visits to the US, staying first at the still unopened International Dai Bosatsu Zendo, and then going into solitary retreat at New York Zendo Shobo-ji. In 1976, International Dai Bosatsu Zendo was officially opened. In 1981, <mask> published Koun-sho (Ancient Cloud Selection), and in 1982, <mask> made his last visit to the US. Upon returning to Ryotaku-ji, Nakagawa became a recluse.In 1984, on March 11, while approaching his 77th birthday, <mask> died while taking a bath at Ryutaku-ji. Legacy
Soen was viewed as an unorthodox, eccentric and controversial teacher within conventional Rinzai circles of his day. Dharma heirs
Eido Tai Shimano
Sochu Suzuki, abbot of Ryūtaku-ji 1984-1990
Kyudo <mask>, abbot of Ryūtaku-ji 1990-2007

Notable formal and informal students
Philip Kapleau
Robert Baker Aitken
Paul Reps
Maurine Stuart
John Daido Loori
Denko Mortensen
Charlotte Joko Beck
Ryotan Tokuda Igarashi

Selected works
 Shigan (“Coffin of Poems"), 1936
 Meihan (“Life Anthology"), 1949
 Koun-sho (“Ancient Cloud Selection"), 1981
 Hokoju (“Long-lasting Dharma Light"). Posthumous, 1985

See also
Buddhism in Japan
Buddhism in the United States
List of Rinzai Buddhists
Timeline of Zen Buddhism in the United States

References

 Tanahashi, Kazuaki (Ed.). Chayat, Roko Sherry (Ed.). Endless Vow: The Zen Path of Soen Nakagawa. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1996. .
Nyogen Senzaki, <mask> <mask>, Eido Shimano, Louis Nordstrom (Ed.)Namu Dai Bosa: a transmission of Zen Buddhism to America. Zen Studies Society, (1976)
 Besserman, Perle. Steger, Manfred. Crazy Clouds: Zen radicals, Rebels & Reformers. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1991: . Rinzai Buddhists
Zen Buddhism writers
Zen Buddhist abbots
1907 births
1984 deaths
Japanese Buddhist clergy
Taiwanese Zen Buddhists
Japanese Zen Buddhists
People from Keelung
Rōshi
20th-century Buddhist monks

masks:
Nakagawa
Soen Nakagawa
Motoi Nakagawa
Suketaro Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Nakagawa
Soen
Nakagawa
Soen
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Soen
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Soen
Nakagawa


texts:
<mask>, CH (27 September 1870 – 15 October 1955) was a British civil servant and educationalist, once described as "one of the six most important men in Europe", and also as "the King of Wales" and "keeper of a thousand secrets". <mask> served as Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet for nearly twenty years, under four different Prime Ministers. Early life
<mask> was born on 27 September 1870, at 100 High Street, Rhymney, Monmouthshire. He was the first of nine children to <mask> and <mask>. His family was Welsh speaking but by the time he was school age, the family usually spoke English except for Sunday School and the chapel. Welsh was banned at school and <mask> later wrote that "outside the chapel, I never had a lesson in Welsh". His fluency in Welsh in later life was hindered by this but his command of English was excellent.He was educated at the Upper Rhymney School and Lewis School in Pengam. <mask> had failed to win a scholarship at Lewis but his father could afford the school fee. <mask>'s grandfather insisted on his leaving school at 14 to work as a clerk in the local ironworks. <mask> complied but his interest in reading and his facility in public speaking brought him fame as a preacher. In 1890 he won the Calvinist Methodist scripture gold medal and proceeded to the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth to study for the ministry. New interests intervened, however; and <mask> eventually graduated with first-class honours in economics from the University of Glasgow in 1901. In 1902 he married a student from his time at Aberystwyth, Eirene Theodora Lloyd (1875–1935), daughter of Dr Richard John Lloyd, Reader in Phonetics at Liverpool University.There were three children from the marriage: Eirene White (1909–99), who became a Labour Minister under Harold Wilson (1966–70), Tristan (1913–90), who became managing director of The Observer, and Elphin, who died in a motoring accident in 1928. <mask> pursued at first an academic career after graduation from Glasgow. He was Russell Student at the London School of Economics; Barrington Lecturer in Ireland (1904–05); Assistant to the Professor of Political Economy and Lecturer in Economics at Glasgow; and Professor of Economics, Queen's University Belfast, 1909–10. In 1914 <mask> started the monthly journal Welsh Outlook to promote "national social progress" in Wales. He was the journal's de facto editor for its first three years. Civil service
He became familiarly known as "T.J."  He was Deputy Secretary to the Cabinet under four Prime Ministers: David Lloyd George, Bonar Law, Stanley Baldwin and Ramsay MacDonald. His 3-volume Whitehall Diary (1969, 1971) threw much light on politics "behind the scenes", including the Irish Treaty, the 1926 General Strike, the Cliveden Set, and so on.When Baldwin became Prime Minister in 1923, he decided to retain <mask> as Deputy Secretary, telling him on the day he was appointed Premier: "I shall want you to hold my hand, Tom". Baldwin appreciated <mask>' value and they would remain friends for more than twenty years. During their first serious meeting, Baldwin expressed concern about the effects on Britain's commerce from the economic troubles in Europe. <mask> immediately focused the conversation on to the social consequences. Baldwin told <mask> in 1929:

I am a Tory P.M., surrounded with a Tory Cabinet, moving in Tory circles. You don't let me forget or ignore the whole range of ideas that normally I should never be brought up against if you were not in and out of this room. You supply the radium...you have such an extraordinary width of friendships in all classes, and so many interests that through you I do gather impressions of what is being thought by a number of significant people whose minds I should not know, at any rate so well, but for your help.I think every Tory P.M. ought to have someone like you about the place. A friend of many rich and influential people including the Astors, <mask> excelled at extracting money from rich people for worthwhile causes, notably adult education: he founded Coleg Harlech in Gwynedd in 1927, was secretary, trustee and chairman of the Pilgrim Trust from 1930, and was instrumental in the founding of Newbattle Abbey College in Midlothian in 1937. His contacts were useful in other situations too: for example, it was he who introduced <mask>, subject of the 2019 film <mask>, to Lloyd George. Later life
He was Chairman of Gregynog Press throughout its existence, and also helped set up CEMA, the Committee for the Encouragement of Music and the Arts (forerunner of the Arts Council) as well as the Army Bureau of Current Affairs (designed to 'supply mental stimulant' to British troops during the Second World War). <mask> wrote the Dictionary of National Biography entries for three Prime Ministers: Lloyd George, Bonar Law and Baldwin. Towards the end of his life <mask> became President of the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, and was awarded the Gold Medal of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, as well as finally agreeing to become a Companion of Honour. He died in London on 15 October 1955.<mask>'s daughter, Eirene White, became a Labour politician and minister. Assessment

His biographer, Dr E. L. Ellis, claimed that <mask> was invaluable to Lloyd George in dealing with the trade unions and the Irish Question, along with dissuading Baldwin from taking revenge in the aftermath of the General Strike. He "was on the side of light...A passionate belief in moderation and compromise" was central to <mask>. Ellis also claims that <mask>'s philanthropy was matchless amongst his contemporaries: "he was the incarnation of public-spiritedness". Ellis called <mask>, with Lloyd George and Aneurin Bevan, "the three greatest Welshmen in public life" in the twentieth century. The military historian Correlli Barnett in his history of Britain's international relations in the interwar period, called <mask> "a man of simplicity and naivete remarkable in politics even for that age". Works
A Theme with Variations (1933)
Rhymney Memories (1938)
Cerrig Milltir (1942)
Leeks and Daffodils (1942)
The Native Never Returns (1946)
Welsh Broth (1950)
Lloyd George (1951)
The Gregynog Press (1954)
A Diary with Letters 1931–1950 (1954)
Whitehall Diaries, Vol I and II (1969)
Whitehall Diaries, Vol III (1971)

Offices held

Notes

References

External links

 Photos and outline biography
 <mask> entry in Who's Who
 Thomas <mask> entry in the Dictionary of National Biography
 <mask> entry in the Dictionary of Welsh Biography, by Ben Bowen <mask>
 Comments on TJ by AJ Sylvester
 Dr <mask> CH papers at the National Library of Wales - 311 volumes
 Welsh Political Icons - Dr <mask> CH

1870 births
1955 deaths
Civil servants in the Cabinet Office
Founders of Welsh schools and colleges
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
People associated with Aberystwyth University
People educated at Lewis School, Pengam
People from Rhymney

masks:
Thomas Jones
Jones
Thomas Jones
David Benjamin Jones
Mary Ann Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Gareth Jones
Mr Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Thomas Jones
Jones
Thomas Jones
Thomas
Thomas Jones
Thomas Jones


texts:
Dr <mask>Joe) Eggeling FRSE (18 July 1909 in Upper Largo, Fife – 10 February 1994 in Perth) was a Scottish-born forester, botanist, and naturalist. Eggeling was a dominant figure in the Uganda Forest Department in the 1930s and 1940s, and played an important role in nature conservation in Scotland during the 1950s and 1960s. Life

'Joe' Eggeling was born the son of a doctor in Upper Largo in Fife. When seven years old and enrolled at Kirkton of Largo Parish School, he was bed-ridden for 18 months with tuberculosis of the hip. Despite this initial set back he rose to a distinguished career. Following St Mary's Preparatory School in Melrose, where he was Vice-Captain, Dux and Victor Ludorum, his schooling was completed at Giggleswick in Yorkshire. At the University of Edinburgh he graduated with a BSc in Forestry, and was awarded the Younger Medal in Practical Forestry, and three class medals for Indian and Colonial forestry, and forest mycology.In 1930-31 he attended the Colonial Service Postgraduate Course in Forestry at the University of Oxford. Despite his educational focus on India, he joined the Uganda Forest Department in 1931, becoming Assistant Conservator. In the days preceding environmental sensitivity he arranged for the draining of a large papyrus swamp near Kampala in order to establish plantations of Eucalyptus for use as fuel. He regarded this as an opportunity to study the swamp vegetation and published the first of many works, "The Vegetation of Namanve Swamp, Uganda" in the Journal of Ecology in 1935. At that time the government of Uganda had been stable for 40 years, with an economy based largely on coffee and cotton. The forests were regarded as just another resource to exploit. Eggeling was a leading figure in the survey of the natural forests of Uganda, and his management plan for the Budongo Forest in Bunyoro was seen as a milestone in tropical forestry.He gathered his accumulated experience in a revised edition of "Forestry in Uganda", the manual for trainees at the Uganda Forest School - this was one of the pioneer textbooks in African forestry. By 1939 Eggeling had collected some 3800 specimens for the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and the British Museum (Natural History). The publication of his book The Indigenous Trees of Uganda in 1940 led to his being awarded a PhD from the University of Edinburgh. He supplied a large number of snake specimens to Charles Pitman, author of The Snakes of Uganda. During Gibson Guitar Corporation, in addition to his normal forestry duties, Eggeling managed the collecting of wild rubber by teams of workers spread throughout Uganda. In 1945 he succeeded Norman Brasnett as Head of the Ugandan Forest Department. Having placed forestry in Uganda on a sound footing by 1950, he was transferred to Tanganyika to do the same.The Forest Department had suffered from years of neglect and underfunding, and the Governor, Sir Edward Twining co-opted Eggeling to reorganise the Forest Department. He spent from 1950-54 doing so and gave the Forest Department an efficient staff structure and created a serviceable organisation. In 1954 Eggeling retired from the Colonial Forest Service and returned to the United Kingdom, where he wrote and lectured on East Africa, and became a member of the advisory council of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania. Returning to Scotland in 1955, he became the Conservation Officer for Scotland, helping to establish and assisting in the management of many of the National Nature Reserves, which later formed part of the Scottish Natural Heritage. In 1965, he produced the first checklist of plants for the island of Rùm. Drawing on his forestry training he developed a management plan for National Nature Reserves which was subsequently adopted throughout the UK. His management plan for Rùm became a prototype of its kind, and was published in the first volume of the Journal of Applied Ecology in 1964.His love and experience of ornithology and botany earned him respect among naturalists, and he became a popular figure in the voluntary conservation movement. Eggeling helped to found the Scottish Wildlife Trust in 1964 and became vice-president. He was also a Member of Council of the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and Chairman of its Scottish Advisory Committee, and President of the Scottish Ornithologist Club between 1966–69. He had an enduring interest in birds, was an enthusiastic bird-ringer, studying their migration. In 1967 he became Vice-Chairman of the Nature Reserves Committee of Northern Ireland, and in 1968 succeeded Dr Berry as Director (Scotland) of the Nature Conservancy. On retiring in 1970 he was elected a member of the Countryside Commission for Scotland, and was created a CBE in 1972. After 19 years in Anstruther, where his wife's parents had retired, he and his wife moved to Dunkeld in 1973.He died in Perth. Botanical referencing

The orchid genus Eggelingia commemorates his name. Family
In 1939 he married Jessie Elizabeth Tothill (d.1988), daughter of Dr John Douglas Tothill (1888-1969), CMG, Director of Agriculture in the Sudan, who had filled a similar post in Uganda. Jessie accompanied her husband on most of his trips in Africa, and thereafter in the UK, raising a family of three daughters and two sons. Publications
The Vegetation of Namanve Swamp, Uganda (1935)
Fifteen Uganda timbers (1939)
The Indigenous Trees of Uganda (1940)
An annotated list of the grasses of the Uganda Protectorate (1942)
Elementary forestry: A first textbook for forest rangers (1949)
The Indigenous Trees of the Uganda Protectorate (1951)
Forestry in Tanganyika, 1946-50 (1951)
The Isle of May (1960)
Checklist of plants on Rùm
When I was Younger: A Forest Officer's Memories of Uganda in the Thirties (1987)

External links
Obituary: Joe Eggeling - "The Independent"

References

Scottish botanists
Scottish naturalists
Scottish foresters
1909 births
1994 deaths
Colonial Forest Service officers
Uganda Protectorate people
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
20th-century British botanists
20th-century naturalists


texts:
<mask>vić (; born 26 October 1946) a Serbian poet, was born in 1946 in Senta, northern Vojvodina. She has been a member of the Serbian Literary Society since its foundation in 2001. By the decision of the Government of Serbia, 24 December 2009, she was awarded the title of top artists in the field of literature. She lives in Zemun. Education
She finished the first grade of primary school in Senta, continued her education in Belgrade in the primary school "Vuk Karadzic" and in the Second Belgrade High School. She graduated in 1970, and earned her MA in 1973 at the Belgrade Faculty of Philology, Department of General Literature and Literary Theory. Her Master's thesis, dedicated to one of the most important Serbian poets Momčilo Nastasijević, was published in the form of an essay in the prestigious Argus edition, publishing house "Vuk Karadzic", 1976.She has been represented in numerous anthologies of contemporary Serbian poetry in the country and abroad. Literary work
Her first book of poetry was published when she was twenty by one of the oldest and the most outstanding publishing houses ("Matica Srpska", Novi Sad, in 1966) and appeared in "The First Book" collection. Since then she has published 19 collections of poetry, most recently Hleb od ruža (The Bread of Roses) whichcame out published by KOV, Vršac (2012). The first book of poems, Vratio se Volodja (Volodja has come Back), was illustrated with the photographs by Tanja's father, an art photographer and photojournalist of Politika newspaper, Stevan Kragujević, while the monograph "Kragujević, Senta koje više nema" ("Kragujević, Senta that no Longer Exists"), was published on the occasion of the trecentenary celebration of the town of Senta by the Kulturno-obrazovni centar "Torzo Lajoš iz Sente", 1997. (Cultural-educational Centre "Turzo Lajoš from Senta". The book was composed of artistic photographs by Stevan Kragujević and illustrated by the verses of his daughter Tanja and appeared in the amended version of the special poetry collection under the title Pejsaži nevidljivog ("The Landscapes of the Invisible") KOV, Vršac, 2001). The first selection from her complete poetical works was published by "Agora" (Zrenjanin, 2009).The selected and new poems, entitled Staklena trava (Glass Grass), was edited and the afterword was written by the poet and literary critic Nenad Šaponja. Within Edicija dobitnika književne nagrade Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja (Edition of the Winners of Literary Award of Milica Stojadinovic – Serb), published by Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine (the Cultural Institute of Vojvodina), 2010, a new selection of her poetry, called "Ruža, zaista" ("Rose, indeed"), appeared edited and with the afterword by the literary critic and essayist Dragana Beleslin. <mask> Kragujević's poetry was reviewed by poets and essayists Ivan V. Lalić, Milica Nikolić, prof.dr. Slavko Gordić, Draško Redjep, dr. Dragana Beleslijin, Dragan Jovanović Danilov and Nenad Šaponja, and literary critics Čedomir Mirković, Vasa Pavković, Bojana Stojanović Pantović, Dušica Protić, Aleksandar B. Laković and others as well. Guest appearances at festivals
Appeared at poetry festivals: Struga Poetry Festival (North Macedonia), Pushkin Poetry Days (Russia), Square of Poets, (Montenegro, Budva). Participated in the work of literary colony at Sićevo (1994), the International Literary Colony at Čortanovci (2008 ). Represented Serbia at the First Trans-Balkan Poetry Festival in Thessaloniki (24–26 May 2012 ).Guest appearance at the Fourth International Literature and Film Festival of Ordu (Turkey), 3–6. October 2013. Kragujević family legacy
On the occasion of five decades since the publication of the first  poetical book Vratio se Volodja, Istorijski arhiv Beograda (Historical Archives of Belgrade) staged the exhibition with the same name. The author of the lay out, Isidora Stojanović, presented the author's books, anthologies, rewards, artefacts and photos which constitute a part of Kragujević family legacy and mark the life, editorial and creative work of the poetess. The special segments of the exhibition refers to the family, friends and associates, their letters, photos, books with inscriptions, gifts, rarity books and various items which are the integral part of this Legacy. Translations
Translations of her poetry can be read in several languages in the world's largest online poetry anthology Lyrikline (www. lyrikline.org), and on her personal website (www.tanjakragujevic.com) as well.Her poems have been translated into German, English, French, Spanish, Hungarian, Dutch, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Belarusian, Italian, Slovenian, Polish, Japanese, and Greek. Especially interesting is the publication entitled Staklena trava (Glass Grass), collection of seven poems in seven languages (French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish), published by Agora, Zrenjanin, 2012. She is present in thematic and other anthologies home and abroad, representing Serbian poetry today, inter alia: Poesia Serbia hoy, Debats (institutció Alfons el Magnànim, Valencia, n.109 2010/4) and Les Poètes de la Mediterannée (preface by Yves Bonnefoy, Gallimar & Culturesfrance, 2010); Hundert grams Seele, Ten Decagrams of Soul, The Anthology of Serbian Poetry of the Second Part of the Twentieth Century (edited by Robert Hodel, Leipziger Literaturverlag, 2011), The Anthology of Serbian Poetry of XX and XXI Century (Herg Benet Publishers, Bucharest, 2012), El Color de la Esencia (Monográfico de Poesía Serbia Contemporánea—the Monography of Contemporary Serbian Poetry (Silvia Monrós de Stojakovic, Anfora Nova, Nova, Rute, Córdoba, Spain, 2013). Editing
 She edited a children's book written by Desanka Maksimovic Patuljak Kukuruzović (Dwarf Kukuruzović) and Bajka o putevima (The Tale of the Roads) – illustrated with the pictures by Janez Smole, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva and Narodna knjiga, Beograd,)1979. The testamentary book of verse of modern classic Srba Mitrović (1931–2007), Magline, Sazveždja (Nebulae, constellations, Rad, Beograd, 2007), for which she wrote the afterword. Publishing work
More than fifteen years she has been engaged in publishing work. As the editor (Narodna knjiga, Beograd), she has created several collections of books of modern literature, collected and selected works by world outstanding authors (Works by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 1981; Works by Marina Tsvetaeva, 1990), edition Alpha Lyrae, dedicated to the most important names of the modern world poetry (H.L.Borges, Philip Larkin, Sylvia Plath, Czesław Miłosz, Janis Ricos, H.M. Enzesberger, Tadeusz Różewicz, Joseph Brodsky, Wisława Szymborska, [Adam Zagajewski, Charles Simic, and others).She is the Editor of the book collection "Ariel" in the publishing house "Agora" who publishes the works of the most outstanding poets in the world (Lucija Stupica, Stanisław Barańczak, Tasos Livaditis, Sarah Kirsch and others). The book Kutija za mesečinu (The Box for Moonlight), was published in 2003. KOV, Vršac. Published books

Poetry
 Vratio se Volođa. With the photographs by Stevan Kragujević. Edicija "Prva knjiga". Matica srpska, Novi Sad, 1966.Nesan. Sa grafičkim prilozima Lazara Vujaklije. Bagdala, Kruševac,1973. Stud. Prosveta, Beograd, 1978. Samica. Nolit, Beograd, 1986.Osmejak omčice. KOV, Vršac, 1993. Divlji bulevar. Rad, Beograd, 1993. Muška srma. Srpska književna zadruga, Beograd, 1993. Duša trna.Sa crtežima Mihaila Đokovića Tikala. Prosveta, Niš, 1995. Osmejak pod stražom. KOV, Vršac, 1995. Autoportret, sa krilom. Prosveta, Beograd, 1996. Slovočuvar i slovočuvarka.Prosveta, Beograd, 1998. Pejzaži nevidljivog. KOV, Vršac, 2001. Godine, pesme. Edicija "Povelja". Biblioteka Stefan Prvovenčani, Kraljevo, 2002. Pismo na koži.Rad, Beograd, 2002. Njutnov dremež. Književno društvo Sveti Sava, Beograd, 2004. Žena od pesme. KOV, Vršac, 2006. Plavi sneg. KOV, Vršac, 2008.Staklena trava. Izabrane pesme. Biblioteka "Arijel", knjiga 1. Agora, Zrenjanin, 2009. (Glass grass . Selected and New Poems. Library "Ariel", Vol.1, Edited and afterword written by Nenad Šaponja. Cover photograph: Stevan Kragujević, A Road Across the Plains). Ruža, odista. Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine. 2010. (Selected Poems. Selected and afterword written by Dragana Beleslijin)
 Motel za zbogom.Biblioteka "Stefan Prvovenčani", Kraljevo, 2010. Hleb od ruža. KOV, Vršac, 2012. Od svetlosti, od prašine, Književna akademija Istok, Knjaževac, 2014. Efekat leptira, Kulturni centar Novog Sada, 2016.

masks:
Tanja Kraguje
Tanja


texts:
 Corona, Small Poems. Afterword: Jovica Aćin.Cover: Alan Bećiri, Tisa Flower. Illustrations: Maja Simić. Čigoja, Beograd, 2017. Efekat leptira, Ratković's poetry evenings, Bijelo Polje, 2018. Extravaganza, poems. Book cover: Stevan Kragujević, Scattered Light, shadows, Belgrade, Afterword: Slavko Gordić. Publishers: Čigoja and the author.Beograd, 2019. Selected poems
 Staklena trava. Izabrane i nove pesme. Biblioteka "Arijel", knj. 1. Priredio i pogovor napisao Nenad Šaponja. Agora, Zrenjanin, 2009.(Glass grass . Selected and New Poems. Book collection "Ariel", Vol. 1, Edited and afterword written by Nenad Šaponja). Ruža, odista. Izabrane pesme. Edicija dobitnika književne nagrade Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja.Izbor i pogovor. Dragana Belesliijn Zavod za kulturu Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 2010. (Rose, indeed . Selected Poems. Edition of the Winners of literary award Milica Stojadinovic Serb. The selection and afterword by. Dragana Beleslijin)
 Trn o svili (2016), author's choice.Edition "Desanka Maksimović Reward", Book 21, "Desanka Maksimović" Foundation and Narodna biblioteka Srbije, Beograd (The National Library of Serbia, Belgrade), 2016

Special monograph
 Stevan Kragujević i Tanja Kragujević: Senta koje više nema, KOC "Turzo Lajoš", Senta, 1997. Izdanje povodom 300. godišnjice grada Sente. Fotografije: Stevan Kragujević. Stihovi: <mask> Kragujević. (Monograph – "Kragujević, Senta that no Longer Exists", published on the occasion of the trecentenary celebration of the town of Senta. Photographs: Stevan Kragujević; verses: <mask> Kragujević. Essays
 Mitsko u Nastasijevićevom delu.Biblioteka "Argus". Vuk Karadžić, Beograd, 1976. Dodir paunovog pera. Knjiga čitanja. Rad, Beograd, 1994. Trepet i čvor. Druga knjiga čitanja.Rad, Beograd, 1997. Orfej iz teretane. Treća knjiga čitanja. Prosveta, Beograd, 2001. Božanstvo pesme. Eseji o poeziji Miodraga Pavlovića, Ivana V. Lalića, Aleksandra Ristovića, Srbe Mitrovića, Dušana Vukajlovića i Nenada Šaponje. Prosveta, Beograd, 1999.Kutija za mesečinu. Mali eseji. KOV, Vršac, 2003. Svirač na vlati trave. Eseji. AGORA, Zrenjanin, 2006. Izgovoriti zvezdu.Mali eseji. AGORA, Zrenjanin, 2010. Talog nedovršenog. Minuete. Književna opština Vršac, 2010. Telegrami i molitve, AGORA, Zrenjanin 2015. Proći ispod čarobnog luka, essays and lyrical notes, Tanesi, Beograd, 2018.Putnik ka omegi (Three poets, three essays: Ewa Zonenberg, Tоny Hoagland, Wislawa Szymborska, Čigoja, Beograd, Kuća poezije, Banja Luka, 2018. The book of essays about modern Serbian poets Božanstvo pesme /(Divinity of Poem)/(about the poetry of outstanding Serbian poets – Miodrag Pavlović, Ivan V. Lalić, Aleksandar Ristović, Srba Mitrović, Dušan Vukajlović and Nenad Šaponja) was published by Belgrade Publishing House "Prosveta", 1999. The book Svirač na vlati trave (A Player on a Blade of Grass), Agora, 2006, deals with the poetry of Desimir Blagojević, Miloš Crnjanski, Vasko Popa, Srba Mitrović, Miroljub Todorović and Nikola Vujčić. Her essay about native and world literature, broadcast on Radio Berlgrade (Channel 2) were collected in three Books of Reading Poetry (Knjige čitanja), published in Belgrade, 1994, 1997, 2001. A small collection of texts on modern world and native poetical works entitled Izgovoriti zvezdu (Pronouncing a Star) , was published by "Agora" (Ogledalo edition), 2010, and KOV Vršac published a new book of her lyrical lines and micro-essays entitled Talog nedovršenog (The Residuum of the Unfinished). Translated poetry
 Staklena trava (Glass Grass), collection of seven poems in seven languages (French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Spanish), published by Agora, Zrenjanin, 2012. Cover photograph: Stevan Kragujević, A Road Across the Plain.Recollection of Silk. Selected poems from The Bread of Roses collection. In Serbian and the translations into English (Marija Knežević), French (Marilyne Bertoncini) and Spanish (Silvia Monrós de Stojaković. About The Bread of Roses (afterword) Vasa Pavković, Afterward translation into English : Nikola S. Krznarić. Cover photo: Katarina Alempijević. Linea Alba III, paper object. Photo of the poetess: Živko Nikolić.Književno društvo „Sveti Sava“ (Literary Society „St. Sava“), series- „Druga obala“, 2015. Rendered poetry
 Kajetan Kovič. Pesme. Izbor i pogovor Jože Snoj. Prevod Tatjana Detiček. Prepev Tanja Kragujević.Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1974. (Kajetan Kovič, Poems. Selected and afterword written by Jože Snoj. Translated by Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Rendered by <mask> <mask>, narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.) Tone Pavček, Pesme. Izbor i pogovor Tode Čolak.Prevod Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Prepev Tanja Kragujević. Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1977. (Tone Pavček, Poems. Selected and afterword written by Tode Čolak. Translated by Tatjana Detiček-Vujasinović. Rendered by <mask> Kragujević, Narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.)Svetlana Makarovič: Pesme. Izbor, prevod i pogovor Marija Mitrović. Prepev Tanja Kragjević. Narodna knjiga,Beograd, 1977. (Svetlana Makarovič, Poems. (Selected, translated and afterword written by Marija Mitrović. Rendered by <mask> Kragujević, Narodna Knjiga, Beograd, 1977.)Marina Cvetajeva, Dela, Narodna knjiga 1990, priredila Milica Nikolić. Knjiga I, Pesme i poeme. (Marina Tsvetaeva, Works, Narodna Knjiga 1990. Selected Poems. Edited by Milica Nikolić. Translated by: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, <mask> Kragujević, Ljudmila Lisina. Book collection "Atlas vetrova", Književna opština Vršac, 1997.Marina Cvetajeva: Pohvala vremenu. Izabrane pesme. Priredila Milica Nikolić. Preveli: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, <mask> <mask>, Ljudmila Lisina. Biblioteka “Atlas vetrova”, Književna opština Vršac, 1997. (Marina Tsvetaeva, In Praise of Time. Selected poems.Edited by Milica Nikolić. Translated by: Olga Vlatković, Mirjana Vukmirović, Jelica Drenovac, Danilo Kiš, Zlata Kocić, <mask> Kragujević, Ljudmila Lisina. Book collection “Atlas vetrova”, Književna opština Vršac, 1997. She has worked in collaboration with translators on a number of rendered poems, and participated in the translation of Marina Tsvetaeva's verses, included in the Anthology of translations by Miodrag Sibinović: : Antologija ruske lirike X-XXI vek, knjiga II (Prva četvrtina – sredina XX veka; Marina Cvetajeva, "Duša", prevod Ljudmina Lisina, prepev Tanja Kragujević, str. 132). Paideia, Beograd, 2007 (An Anthology of Russian poetry X-XXI Century, Volume II – First Quarter – mid-twentieth century, Marina Tsvetaeva, " Soul ", translation: Ljudmina Lisina, rendered by: <mask> Kragujević, p. 132), Paidea, Belgrade, 2007. Internet Anthology
Since 10 April 2009, the verses of <mask> Kragujević can be found on the world's largest Internet poetry presentation, Lyrikline.org.About a Poetess
The poetry of <mask> Kragujević. Collection of works. Edition “Desanka's May Conversations”, Book 34. The endowment of “Desanka Maksimović” and the National Library of Serbia, Belgrade, 2017. Edited by Mirjana Stanišić. Authors: Emeritus Professor Dr. Slavko Gordić, Milica Nikolić, Vasa Pavković, Prof. Dr. Bojan Djordjević, Darija Žilić, Dr. Mila Medigović Stefanović, Tamara Krstić,
Sonja Milovanović and Prof. Dr. Vladislava Gordić. Awards
 Brankova nagrada" (1966)
 "Đura Jakšić" (1993) – poetry
 "Isidora Sekulić" (1976) – essays
 "Milan Bogdanović" (1996) – literary criticism
 Plaque of the City of Belgrade (1984), hometown plaque award for literary and cultural contribution (1968)
 "Milica Stojadinović Srpkinja" (2009) – poetry."The seal of the town of Sremski Karlovci", 2013, for the best book of poetry published in 2012 (collection "Bread of roses", KOV, Vršac, 2012). "Rade Tomić" Reward (2014) for the manuscript of the book entitled Od svetlosti od prašine
 "Desanka Maksimović" Reward (2015) for the whole contribution to Serbian poetry
 "Lenkin prsten" (2015) for the best love poem published in the same year  (the poem  "Voda")
 "Gračanička povelja" (2016)
 "Risto Ratković" award for the collection of poems entitled Butterfly Effect, 2017. Rade Drainac Prize 2020, for poetry collection Extravaganza

References

External links
 <mask> Kragujević / Official
 b92 / Fair in Thessaloniki
 News / Tanja Kragujević: A Moment worthy of Celebration
 Bookstore / Tanja Kragujević
 Politika / Culture interview
 News / Culture-Award on the birthday of Branko Radićević

1946 births
Living people
People from Senta
Serbian women poets
Serbian

masks: Tanja Tanja Tanja Kragujević Tanja Tanja Tanja Tanja Kragujević Tanja Tanja Tanja Tanja Tanja


texts:
Solomon (or <mask><mask> (2 February 1827 – 28 December 1906) was a Jewish Galician scholar and editor of Hebrew works. He is especially remembered for his editions of Midrash and other medieval Jewish manuscripts, and for the pioneering research surrounding those texts. Biographical data
<mask> was born at Lemberg (then part of the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria, now Lviv, Ukraine) on February 2, 1827. His  father, <mask>, was versed in Talmudic literature and Jewish philosophy, and was Solomon's teacher in the latter subject; but for his son's Biblical and Talmudic studies he carefully selected competent professional teachers. Buber soon desired to conduct independent research and put the results in literary form—a disposition that proved valuable to Jewish literature. At twenty years of age, Buber married and entered commercial pursuits. He rose rapidly to become Handelskammerrath, and auditor of the Austro-Hungarian bank, the national bank, and the Galician savings-bank.Buber was also president of the Geschäftshalle, vice-president of the free kitchen, and honorary member of a working men's union. For more than a quarter of a century he was one of the directors of the Lemberg congregation; he was on the committee of the Bernstein foundation, and took a leading part in various philanthropic associations. He died in 1906. Midrash editions
While active in public life, Buber also devoted himself to learned research. The midrash literature had special attractions for him; and his activity in this field has been remarkable in extent. Its first result was an edition of the so-called Pesikta de-Rav Kahana, with an elaborate commentary and introduction that exhaustively discuss all questions pertaining to the history of this old Aggadah collection. The book appeared as a publication of the society known under the name of Mekitze Nirdamim (Lyck, 1868).Buber's method of dealing with the difficult undertaking was new to scientific literature; and both introduction and commentary received the unstinted praise of the scholarly world. The introduction was translated into German by August Wünsche, and published by him with his translation of the Midrash, Leipzig, 1884. vol. 2, Berlin, 1900-02. Method as editor
As this array of publications shows, <mask> was a prolific writer; yet the scientific quality of his work does not suffer on this account, at least in the opinion of his contemporaries. (See below for current assessments.) At the outset he adopted a certain system to which he consistently adhered.For a determination of the reading of the text he availed himself of all accessible manuscripts and printed works—and everything was accessible to him, as he spared no expense in obtaining copies of manuscripts and the rarest printed editions; he conscientiously recorded the various readings in footnotes, and he bestowed special care, chiefly in the older midrashim, on the correction and explanation of words in the text borrowed from the Greek and the Latin. In the introductions, which almost assume the proportions of independent works (the introduction to the Tanchuma embraces 212 pages octavo), everything that bears upon the history of the work under consideration is discussed, and a compilation is given of the authors or works cited by the Midrash or serving as sources for it, and those that in turn have drawn upon the Midrash. His work is distinguished by thoroughness, and reveals his synthetic ability as well as the vast extent of his reading. The only serious opposition to the views encountered by Buber has been in regard to his theory concerning the Tanchuma. Buber distinguished himself in other departments of literature. His first work was a biography of the grammarian Elias Levita, published at Leipzig in 1856. After this he edited the following: De Lates' Gelehrtengeschichte Sha'are Zion, Jarosław, 1885; Zedekiah ben Abraham's liturgic work, Shibbole ha-Leket, Wilna, 1886; Pesher Dabar, Saadia Gaon's treatise on the Hapax Legomena of the Bible, Przemyśl, 1888; Samuel ben Jacob Jam'a's Agur, introduction and additions to the Arukh, Breslau, 1888 (in Grätz Jubelschrift); Samuel ben Nissim's commentary on the Book of Job, Ma'yan Gannim, Berlin, 1889; Biurim: Jedaiah Penini's explanations of Midrash Tehillim, Cracow, 1891, and a commentary on Lamentations by Joseph Caro, Breslau, 1901 (in the Kaufmann Gedenkbuch); Anshe Shem, biographies and epitaphs of the rabbis and heads of academies who lived and worked at Lemberg, covering a period of nearly four hundred years (1500-1890), Cracow, 1895.In these works <mask> appears as a philologist and as a careful writer of biographies of scholars, especially of the Jewish scholars of Poland. Buber's extensive knowledge of Jewish history and literature is also displayed in additions to the works of others and in numerous contributions to Hebrew magazines, such as: Meged Yerachin, Kobak's Jeschurun, Ha-Lebanon, Ha-Maggid, Maggid Mishneh, Ha-'Ibri, Ha-Melitz, Ha Chabatzelet, Ha-Karmel, Joseph Kohn's Otzar Chokmah, Bet Talmud, Ha-Shachar, Ha-Asif, Keneset Yisrael, Zion, Oẓar ha-Sifrut, Ha-Eshkol. Among the works of his later years the following may be mentioned: Yeri'ot Shelomoh, a supplement to Abraham ben Elijah of Wilna's Rab Po'alim, Warsaw, 1894; a criticism of Yalḳuṭ Makhiri, on Isaiah, ed. Schapira, Cracow, 1895; a criticism of the Pesiḳta, with an introduction by David Luria (ed. Warsaw, 1893), Cracow, 1895; Ḳiryah Nisgabah, on the rabbis in Zółkiew up to the letter ך, published in Ha-Eshkol, i-iii, 1898–1900; and his contribution to the Steinschneider Festschrift, wherein he propounds a new theory concerning the Petichtot (Introductions) in Midrash Ekah Rabbati. Buber corresponded on learned subjects with many well-known Jewish scholars. He proved himself a veritable Maecenas of learning.The cost involved in the publication of his works was usually borne by him, and he presented free copies to libraries and indigent scholars. Current assessment of Buber's scholarship
While there is no denying the positive and profound impact of <mask> on the publication and study of the midrashic literature, there has been some reassessment of the quality of his work in light of more modern methodologies. states that Buber's texts "are now largely considered defective on two counts." The first count is that Buber's methods are not consistent and rigorous by modern standards of scholarship, and the second count is that Buber's hired copyists often introduced their own copying errors into the works, thus partly negating Buber's efforts to establish a correct text. Many of the midrashic works that Buber first published now exist in (relatively) newer critical editions, which will generally be listed in modern reviews such as . Trivia
<mask> was the grandfather and teacher of <mask>. References

 M. Reines, Dor wa-Chakamaw, i.28-40; Sefer Zikkaron, p. 7, Warsaw, 1889.
.
 . External links
Literature by and about <mask> <mask>

Buber, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, Solomom
Jewish Ukrainian social scientists

masks:
Salomon
) Buber
Solomon Buber
Isaiah Abraham Buber
Buber
Buber
Solomon Buber
Solomon Buber
Martin Buber
Salomon
Buberca
Solomon Buber
Solomon Buber
Solomon Buber
Solomon Buber


texts:
<mask> (born February 7, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist and former collegiate wrestler. He currently competes in the featherweight division of Professional Fighters League, where he is the 2019's tournament champion. As a folkstyle wrestler, he was a four-time NCAA Division I All-American and four-time OHSAA state champion. Wrestling career

High School
<mask> started wrestling at the age of nine and won every OHSAA (state) tournament since his freshman year of high school, making him a four-time Ohio champion out of St. Edward High School. He graduated with a record of 150-6 and also won a  NHSCA Senior National championship while coached by Greg Urbas. College
After graduating, he attended Division I powerhouse Ohio State University, where he competed at 149 pounds in all of his 4 seasons. 2006-07
True Freshman: Earned All-American status after placing fourth at the NCAA tournament, becoming the second Buckeye to do so in their first year of competition.He also placed third at the Big Ten Championships, and defeated 3 ranked opponents at the tournament. 2007-08
Sophomore: Became a two-time All-American placing eight at the NCAA championship. At the Big Ten's, he placed sixth and was the fifth seed. 2008-09
Junior: Placed fourth at the NCAA's, making him a three-time All-American. He also placed third at the Big Ten Conference championship. 2009-10
Senior: <mask> had the most success in his college career as he became the NCAA's tournament runner-up and champion of the Big Ten Conference before graduating. Over his career, <mask> compiled a 121–33 record and became a four-time NCAA Division I All-American, one-time NCAA finalist and one-time Big Ten Champion.He defeated notable opponents such as future Olympic Gold Medalist and 2x NCAA Champion Jordan Burroughs, NCAA Champion and future Olympian Frank Molinaro, future NCAA Champion and MMA Fighter Bubba Jenkins, former NCAA Champion (later two-time) Brent Metcalf and University Freestyle National Champion Jason Chamberlain

On June 16, 2020, <mask> was inducted into the Ohio State University's Hall of Fame by his legendary collegiate wrestling career. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his professional mixed martial arts debut on May 20, 2011. He began his career at 7-0 and won the Resurrection Fighting Alliance Featherweight Championship a little over two years after his debut. World Series of Fighting
On December 7, 2013, <mask> made his World Series of Fighting debut at WSOF 7 against Bellator veteran Georgi Karakhanyan for the inaugural WSOF Featherweight Championship. He lost via guillotine choke in the third round. On June 21, 2014, <mask> faced Nick LoBasco at WSOF 10. He won via rear naked choke submission in the first round.On December 13, 2014, <mask> challenged Rick Glenn for the WSOF Featherweight Championship at WSOF 16. He won via rear naked choke submission in the third round to become the WSOF Featherweight Champion. On June 5, 2015, <mask> made his first defense of the WSOF Featherweight Championship at WSOF 21 against IFL and WEC veteran Chris Horodecki. He won via neck crank submission in the first round to retain the WSOF Featherweight Championship. On December 18, 2015, <mask> made the second defense of the WSOF Featherweight Championship at WSOF 26 against Alexandre Almeida. He lost via unanimous decision. On May 10, 2016, it was announced that <mask> will have a rematch against Alexandre Almeida for the WSOF Featherweight Championship at WSOF 32 on July 30, 2016 in the co-main event.He won via unanimous decision to become a two time WSOF Featherweight Champion. On June 30, 2016, <mask> fought Andre Harrison in for the first title defense of his second reign as champion at WSOF 35 in the co-main event. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Professional Fighters League

After World Series of Fighting became the Professional Fighters League, <mask> next fought on November 2, 2017. He fought Steven Siler at Professional Fighters League: Fight Night where <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> then competed in the inaugural season of the Professional Fighters League. He fought on at the first event of the new format at PFL 1 in the Featherweight division.On June 7, 2018, he faced Bekbulat Magomedov and won the fight by second round submission. On July 19, 2018, <mask> fought Jumabieke Tuerxun at PFL 4. He won the fight by third round submission. In the fall of 2018, <mask> entered the PFL Featherweight tournament as the second seed. At PFL 8 on October 5, 2018, he defeated Max Coga by unanimous decision in the quarterfinal round and then rematched Andre Harrison and earned unanimous decision win in the semifinal round. <mask> fought another rematch against Steven Siler in the finals at PFL 11 on December 31, 2018. He won the fight via unanimous decision, winning the PFL Featherweight tournament and earning the $1 million cash prize.Season 2
In the opening round of the second season of PFL, <mask> faced Alex Gilpin at PFL 2 on May 23, 2019. He won the fight via unanimous decision, collecting three regular season points. In the second round <mask> faced Luis Rafael Laurentino at PFL 5 on July 25, 2019. He won the fight via third-round TKO and advanced to the playoffs. <mask> next faced Alexandre de Almeida and Alex Gilpin at PFL 8 on October 17, 2019. He won both fights by unanimous decision. He was expected to face Daniel Pineda in the Featherweight tournament finals, but after Pineda failed a drug test after PFL 8, <mask> was set to face Alex Gilpin in the finals again.<mask> and Gilpin faced each other for the third time during the season at PFL 10 on December 31, 2019. <mask> implemented his grappling-heavy fight style, winning the bout via unanimous decision and claiming his second PFL Featherweight tournament victory. Season 3
<mask> was scheduled to face Jason Soares in the opening round of the third season on May 21, 2020. However, the event was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> faced 2011 NCAA Division I champion Bubba Jenkins on April 23, 2021 at PFL 1. He lost for the first time during his PFL run via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Lazar Stojadinovic at PFL 4 on June 10, 2021.However, on May 24, it was announced that Stojadinovic had to pull out of the bout and was replaced by Jesse Stirn. A day before the event, <mask> was pulled and rescheduled to face Movlid Khaibulaev on June 25, 2021 at PFL 6. He lost the bout via unanimous decision, eliminating <mask> from the playoffs for the first time in his PFL career. Personal life
<mask> was an assistant wrestling coach at the Virginia Tech program. <mask>’s high school career was documented in the movie "Pinned." <mask> and his fiancée Jessie have a daughter, Maya (born 2021). colspan="8"| NCAA Championships Matches
|-
!Res.
! Record
! Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2010 NCAA Championships  at 149 lbs
|-
|Loss
|15-7
|align=left|Brent Metcalf
|style="font-size:88%"|2-3
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|March 20, 2010
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2010 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Win
|15-6
|align=left|Frank Molinaro
|style="font-size:88%"|2-0
|-
|Win
|14-6
|align=left|Jason Chamberlain
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|13-6
|align=left|Nick Bertucci
|style="font-size:88%"|Fall
|-
|Win
|12-6
|align=left|Seth Morton
|style="font-size:88%"|8-1
|-
!style=background:white colspan=6 |2009 NCAA Championships 4th at 149 lbs
|-
|Win
|11-6
|align=left|Jake Patacsil
|style="font-size:88%"|8-7
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|March 21, 2009
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=5|2009 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Loss
|10-5
|align=left|Brent Metcalf
|style="font-size:88%"|2-6
|-
|Win
|10-4
|align=left|Kyle Ruschell
|style="font-size:88%"|4-0
|-
|Win
|9-4
|align=left|Mitch Mueller
|style="font-size:88%"|3-0
|-
|Win
|8-4
|align=left|Matt Cathell
|style="font-size:88%"|4-3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2008 NCAA Championships 8th at 149 lbs
|-
|Loss
|7-4
|align=left|Dustin Schlatter
|style="font-size:88%"|2-3
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|March 22, 2008
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=6|2008 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships
|-
|Loss
|7-3
|align=left|Josh Churella
|style="font-size:88%"|2-6
|-
|Win
|7-2
|align=left|Brandon Carter
|style="font-size:88%"|MD 11-3
|-
|Loss
|6-2
|align=left|Brent Metcalf
|style="font-size:88%"|2-3
|-
|Win
|6-1
|align=left|Jake Patacsil
|style="font-size:88%"|MD 14-6
|-
|Win
|5-1
|align=left|Kyle Larson
|style="font-size:88%"|MD 14-3
|-
!

masks:
Lance Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer


texts:
<mask> (born 1974) is an Australian historian with research interests in military and defence history. Since 2016, <mask> has been Official Historian and general editor of the Official History of Australian Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and Australian Peacekeeping Operations in East Timor, based at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. Prior to this appointment, <mask> was an officer in the Australian Army and professor of history at the University of New South Wales, Canberra, working out of the Australian Defence Force Academy. Early life and military career
<mask> was born in Sydney, New South Wales, in 1974. At 18 he entered the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA) as an Australian Army officer cadet. Graduating in 1995 with a Bachelor of Arts in History and Politics, he completed his final year of study as an officer cadet at the Royal Military College, Duntroon and was commissioned into the Royal Australian Infantry Corps in 1996. <mask> returned to ADFA the following year to undertake an Honours degree in History, following which he was posted to the 3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (3RAR) in 1998.With 3RAR he deployed as part of the International Force East Timor in 1999–2000. On his return from East Timor, <mask> completed a Graduate Diploma of Education at Monash University and read for a Master of Arts in International Relations at Deakin University, graduating with both in 2001. His next posting was to Headquarters Training Command as a staff officer in 2001–02. Appointed aide-de-camp to the Governor-General of Australia in 2003, <mask> graduated from Deakin with a Master of Education the same year and in 2004 was reposted to ADFA as a staff officer. At this time <mask> embarked on a Doctor of Philosophy degree in History through the University of New South Wales, Canberra. His doctoral thesis, supervised by Jeffrey Grey, was a history of the Army Cadet movement in Australia from 1866 to 2004. He graduated with the doctorate in 2006, and his thesis was later revised and published as The Torch and the Sword with UNSW Press in 2007.<mask>' thesis was also awarded the C.E.W. Bean Prize for Military History by the Australian Army History Unit. Academic career
While nearing the end of his doctorate, <mask> left the army and, in 2006, was appointed a Lecturer in History and Strategic Studies at the University of New South Wales, Canberra. In 2007, he received a research grant, the Margaret George Award, from the National Archives of Australia to begin work on his next project—an operational history of the Battle of Bardia, the first battle in which the Australian Army fought in the Second World War. The result was a book, Bardia: Myth, Reality and the Heirs of Anzac, published by UNSW Press in 2009. The volume was followed in 2011 by a shorter work, titled The Battle of Bardia, for the Australian Army History Unit's Army Campaigns Series. He was promoted Senior Lecturer in History in 2008.Following a series of edited volumes—Zombie Myths of Australian Military History (2010), Anzac's Dirty Dozen (2012) and, with John Connor, Before the Anzac Dawn (2013)—that sought to challenge or dispel dominant misconceptions in Australian military history, <mask>' next major research project delved into the Nazi German invasion of Greece during the Second World War with colleague Eleanor Hancock. The project was funded as part of a Discovery Grant of A$107,000 from the Australian Research Council in 2012, with the findings published as a book, Swastika over the Acropolis, with Brill in 2013. More recent projects include Britannia's Shield (Cambridge University Press, 2015), an analysis of British imperial defence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and work on the International Force East Timor (INTERFET). Early research into the latter was funded by a 2015 Discovery Grant from the Australian Research Council worth A$140,344. By 2016 <mask> was an Associate Professor of History and Deputy Head of the School of Humanities and Social Science at the University of New South Wales, Canberra. Official Historian
In 2015 the Abbott Government authorised the Official History of Australian Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, and Australian Peacekeeping Operations in East Timor, allocating A$12.6 million to the project which was to be based out of the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. The series was created to document Australian involvement in the peacekeeping initiatives in East Timor from 1999 to 2012, along with the operations in the Middle East as part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–present) and the Iraq War (2003–11).The position of Official Historian and general editor of the series, to be ongoing for six years, was advertised in June 2015. <mask>, by now already researching Australian operations in East Timor as part of INTERFET, applied for the position; his appointment was announced in February 2016. After negotiating a six-year unpaid leave of absence from the University of New South Wales, <mask> commenced as Official Historian in March. <mask>' first task was to define the scope and structure of the series, and employ a team of authors and researchers. The structure  is a six-volume history, with two volumes dedicated to the operations in East Timor, three on Afghanistan, and one on Iraq. <mask> is to author the first of the East Timor volumes, covering the INTERFET operations, while five other historians—each assisted by a full-time researcher—have been employed to write the other books in the series. Writing in 2017, <mask> remarked that there were "significant differences" between his project and previous Australian official history series.The budget for the East Timor, Afghanistan and Iraq project is much larger than that afforded to previous histories, though as <mask> notes the timeline is also "extremely tight" and the series subject to "firm governance frameworks". The remit <mask> received from Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull on accepting the appointment of Official Historian was clear that the history be delivered "by July 2022". The authors have five years to complete their respective volumes, with <mask> granted an additional twelve months to edit the series prior to publication. In November 2019 it was reported that <mask> had threatened to resign as official historian due to his frustration over the large number of changes requested to the first volume on East Timor by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. The dispute over the book's content had delayed its publication. Bibliography

Author

Editor

References
Specific

General

1974 births
21st-century Australian historians
Australian Army officers
Australian military historians
Australian military personnel of the International Force for East Timor
Deakin University alumni
Graduates of the Australian Defence Force Academy
Living people
Monash University alumni
People from Sydney
Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates
University of New South Wales alumni
University of New South Wales faculty

masks:
Craig Anthony John Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings
Stockings


texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (, 13 May 1851 – 10 January 1891) was a Serbian physician writer, psychiatrist, and neurologist. The primary interest of <mask> throughout his short life was the science of medicine. In that field, he was one of the greatest figures of his time, preeminently distinguished and useful as a doctor, teacher, and writer on both medical issues as well as literary themes. To him, literature was an avocation; yet he was talented at it and thought of himself as a man of letters. He translated the works of Nikolay Chernyshevsky and Ivan Turgenev into Serbian. Few writers have achieved fame with such a small opus as <mask>, for it rests on nine stories; yet he is considered one of the best Serbian writers of the nineteenth century. He was often referred to as the Serbian Turgenev.During his brief life, "the less than prolific opus" enshrined him in Serbian literature as a writer who introduced the psychological story genre. Biography
Born in Šabac in 1851, to Kuzman <mask>, a small trader, and his wife Jelka, <mask> <mask> was brought up in the close atmosphere of a typical Serbian provincial, patriarchal family. When he was eleven years old his father (Kuzman) died and Jelka immediately took over the care of the family, which consisted of <mask> and three sisters. His mother fostered a deep feeling of family unity and affection, which influenced <mask> all his life. <mask>'s sister Milka married the Serbian writer and poet, Milorad Popović Šapčanin, and settled in Belgrade, where <mask> stayed as a student from 1866 until 1871, before going abroad to study. In Belgrade, he attended high school and in 1867 he entered the law faculty of Belgrade's Grandes écoles, but soon decided that medicine was his true calling. The period of <mask>'s life as a student in Belgrade (1866–1871) was one of considerable intellectual activity.In 1867 the second annual meeting of the Ujedinjena Omladina Srpska (United Serb Youth) was held there. This organization, which spun out the Serbian romantic movement, sought to unite all Serbs, whether of the Serbian principality, the Vojvodina or the European Turkish-controlled territories, in order to raise national consciousness and culture as a means of achieving the liberation of all Serbian-speaking peoples into a greater, cosmopolitan Serbia (after all Serbian territories in the hands of the Habsburg and Ottomans are redeemable to their rightful inhabitants and landowners according to law). The general development of Serbian intellectual life in the 1860s led to an increased interest in European culture, especially literature, and the literary periodicals Danica (1860) and Matica srpska (1866) in Novi Sad and Stojan Novaković's Vila (1863) in Belgrade contained many translations from French, German, Russian, and English literatures. <mask>, absorbed by the prospective literary and political challenges that came out of these activities, undertook the task to translate Gogol's "Diary of a Madman", Nikolay Chernyshevsky's What Is To Be Done? (1863), a work that eventually had profound influence on Svetozar Marković and other members of Omladina, the United Serb Youth. <mask> died at Belgrade on 28 December 1890 (Julian calendar) or 10 January 1891 (Gregorian calendar). He was 39, another author to fall victim to tuberculosis, which previously killed two of his sons as children.Medical career

<mask> <mask>'s road to the title of doctor of medicine was thorny and complicated. He chose medicine as his profession only after completing his law studies in Belgrade, and made his way to Berlin in 1872. There he had as his instructors, famous people such as Emil du Bois-Reymond (1818–1896), Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), Carl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833–1890), and Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–1894). In 1879 he received his doctorate, based partially on his thesis, Experimentelle Beiträge zur Wirkung Qecksibers, and partially on his excellent research work in the laboratory and his work on the battlefield as an assistant-surgeon with the Dinara and Timok divisions during the Serbo-Turkish War of 1876. After graduating, the post of "specialist doctor" at the General State Hospital in Belgrade awaited him. From then on until his premature death, <mask> worked on reforming Serbian medicine as a primarius. He was a member of several Serbian Learned Societies, including SANU; and participated as a field doctor in the Serbo-Turkish War of 1876 and 1878.Also, he was a major organizer of the Great Reserve Hospital in Niš during the Serbo-Bulgarian War of 1885; vice-colonel, writer and translator and medicine scientist (published 72 works in local and foreign magazines). He founded the first modern geriatric hospital in Belgrade in 1881. His works were translated in numerous languages. Later he became doctor appointed to the Royal Court by King Milan Obrenović IV himself. Early in his practice <mask> became especially interested in the relations between body and mind, and in treatment of diseases. He was a pioneer in psychiatry and what would be called today psychosomatic medicine. He came to hold, as a major conviction of his professional life, the view that the mind plays a far greater role in health and illness than his contemporaries realized.He had seventy-two professional and scientific medical papers published, a great number of which referred to nervous diseases, such as paralysis agitans, sclerosis of Medulla spinalis, aphasia and others. It can be rightly argued that Dr. <mask> <mask> was the first Serbian neurologist. The very first cataract operation in Serbia was performed by <mask> in aseptic conditions, when cocaine was applied to anesthesia. He was also the first doctor to be sent by Serbia to Vienna in 1884 to learn how to prepare animal lymph. In 1880, he described, in the Serbian Archives, a sign that is now called after him and Dr. Lasèque in neurology, The Lazarević/Lasèque sign or Straight leg raise. Short stories

To Laza <mask>ević literature was an avocation for which he had more flair for than most writers of his day. Though he spoke and thought of himself as an amateur in letters, others thought otherwise, especially the literary critics who immediately recognized his genius.More directly in the main current of Serbian national literary development were the writers who undertook to apply the methods of critical realism, as these had been practiced by Russian and French masters, to the Serbian scene. Foremost among these were the Serbian Gogol (Milovan Glisić), the Serbian Turgenev (<mask> <mask>) and the Russian pupil (Svetolik Ranković), the youngest of the three. Foremost among these was <mask> <mask>. He came very slowly to his full stature as a short story writer, however through a relatively short period of preparation as though it was instinctive with him. Reading Turgenev, Gogol and other great writers, helped <mask> formulate his own aims as a short story writer. When finally in "Sve će to narod pozlatiti" ("People Will Reward All This"), "Verter", and other stories he deals directly with contemporary social and economic problems, though his realism was always tempered and restrained by the literary conventions of his generation, he wrote with broad sympathy and with deep insight. He saw the greatest danger for Serbian society in the attacks on its patriarchal way of life, as manifested in "Prvi put s ocem na jutrenje" ("The First Matins with My Father").His main stories include "Školska ikona" (The School Icon), "Švabica" ("The German Girl"), "Na bunaru" ("At the Well"), and regarded by some his best, "Prvi put s ocem na jutrenje". In his short stories <mask> became a spokesman of the Serbian struggle with the economic inequities of the times and the ever-present threats and dangers on his nation's culture. The fiction of psychological analysis was cultivated by <mask> <mask> Jovanović Zmaj
 Julije Bajamonti
 Vladan Đorđević
 Miodrag Pavlović
 Milan Savić
 Vladan Radoman

Works
 Prvi put s ocem na jutrenje, 1879
 Školska ikona, 1880
 Na bunaru, 1880
 U dobri čas hajduci, 1880
 Verter, 1881
 Švabica, 1881
 Sve će to narod pozlatiti, 1882
 Šest pripovedaka, 1886
 Vetar, 1888
 On zna sve, 1890
 Pripovetke L. K. Lazarevića I,  1898
 Pripovetke L. K. Lazarevića II, 1899

References

 Jovan Skerlić, Istorija Nove Srpske Književnosti / History of New Serbian Literature (Belgrade, 1921), pp. 378–384. External links

 "New bibliography of scientific papers by Dr. <mask> K. <mask>", Kanjuh Vladimir, Pavlović Budimir, Glas SANU – Medicinske nauke, 2002, issue 46, pages 37–51

 Autobiografsko u prozi Laze K.Lazarevica, Ivana Zecevic, Cigoja, Beograd,2010

1851 births
1891 deaths
Writers from Šabac
Serbian psychiatrists
Serbian translators
Translators from Russian
Belgrade Higher School alumni
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery
Tuberculosis deaths in Serbia
19th-century translators

masks: Lazar Laza Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazar Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Laza Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Laza Lazarević Lazarević Lazar Laza Lazarević Laza Lazarević Lazarević Lazarević Laza Lazarevićvan Laza Lazarević


texts:
<mask>v (; 18 February 1938 – 20 September 2019) was a Russian and Italian mathematician. He made important contributions to the areas of differential calculus over commutative algebras, the algebraic theory of differential operators, homological algebra, differential geometry and algebraic topology, mechanics and mathematical physics, the geometrical theory of nonlinear partial differential equations and secondary calculus. Biography

A.M. Vinogradov was born on 18 February 1938 in Novorossiysk. His father, Mikhail Ivanovich Vinogradov, was a hydraulics scientist; his mother, Ilza Alexandrovna Firer, was a medical doctor. Among his more distant ancestors, his great-grandfather, Anton Smagin, was a self-taught peasant and a deputy of the State Duma of the second convocation. Between 1955 and 1960 Vinogradov studied at the Mechanics and Mathematics Department of Moscow State University (Mech-mat). He pursued a PhD at the same institution, defending his thesis in 1964, under the supervision of V.G.Boltyansky. After teaching for one year at the Moscow Mining Institute, in 1965 he received a position at the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology of Moscow State University. He obtained his habilitation degree (doktorskaya dissertatsiya) in 1984 at the Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Science in Novosibirsk in Russia. In 1990 he left the Soviet Union for Italy, and from 1993 to 2010 was professor in geometry at the University of Salerno. Research

Vinogradov published his first works in number theory, together with B.N. Delaunay and D.B. Fuchs, when he was a second year undergraduate student.By the end of his undergraduate years he changed research interests and started working on algebraic topology. His PhD thesis was devoted to homotopic properties of the embedding spaces of circles into the 2-sphere or the 3-disk. He continued working in algebraic and differential topology – in particular, on the Adams spectral sequence – until the early seventies. Between the sixties and the seventies, inspired by the ideas of Sophus Lie, Vinogradov changed once more research interests and began to investigate the foundations of the geometric theory of partial differential equations. Having become familiar with the work of Spencer, Goldschmidt and Quillen on formal integrability, he turned his attention to the algebraic (in particular, cohomological) component of that theory. In 1972, he published a short note containing what he called the main functors of the differential calculus over commutative algebras. Vinogradov’s approach to nonlinear differential equations as geometric objects, with their general theory and applications, is developed in details in some monographs as well as in some articles.He recast infinitely prolonged differential equations into a category whose objects, called diffieties, are studied in the framework of what he called secondary calculus (by analogy with secondary quantization). One of the central parts of this theory is based on the -spectral sequence (now known as the Vinogradov spectral sequence). The first term of this spectral sequence gives a unified cohomological approach to various notions and statements, including the Lagrangian formalism with constraints, conservation laws, cosymmetries, the Noether theorem, and the Helmholtz criterion in the inverse problem of the calculus of variations (for arbitrary nonlinear differential operators). A particular case of the -spectral sequence (for an “empty” equation, i.e., for the space of infinite jets) is the so-called variational bicomplex. Furthermore, Vinogradov introduced a new bracket on the graded algebra of linear transformations of a cochain complex. The Vinogradov bracket is skew-symmetric and satisfies the Jacobi identity modulo a coboundary. Vinogradov’s construction is a precursor of the general concept of a derived bracket on a differential Leibniz algebra introduced by Kosmann-Schwarzbach in 1996.These results were also applied to Poisson geometry. Together with , Vinogradov was concerned with the analysis and comparison of various generalizations of Lie (super) algebras, including  algebras and Filippov algebras. He also developed a theory of compatibility of Lie algebra structures and proved that any finite-dimensional Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field or over  can be assembled in a few steps from two elementary constituents, that he called dyons and triadons. Furthermore, he speculated that this particle-like structures could be related to the ultimate structure of elementary particles. Vinogradov's research interests were also motivated by problems of contemporary physics – for example the structure of Hamiltonian mechanics, the dynamics of acoustic beams, the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (the so-called Kadomtsev-Pogutse equations appearing in the stability theory of high-temperature plasma in tokamaks) and mathematical questions in general relativity. Considerable attention to the mathematical understanding of the fundamental physical notion of observable is given in a book written by Vinogradov jointly with several participants of his seminar, under the pen name of Jet Nestruev. Contribution to the mathematical community

 From 1967 until 1990, Vinogradov headed a research seminar at Mekhmat, which became a prominent feature in the mathematical life of Moscow.In 1978, he was one of the organisers and first lecturers in the so-called People's University for students who were not accepted to Mekhmat because they were ethnically Jewish (he ironically called this school the “People’s Friendship University”). In 1985, he created a laboratory that studied various aspects of the geometry of differential equations at the Institute of Programming Systems in Pereslavl-Zalessky and was its scientific supervisor until his departure for Italy. Vinogradov was one of the initial founder of the mathematical journal Differential Geometry and its Applications, remaining one of the editors from 1991 to his last days. A special issue of the journal, devoted to the geometry of PDEs, was published in his memory. In 1993 he was one of the promoters of the Schrödinger International Institute in Mathematical Physics in Vienna. In 1997 he organised the large conference Secondary Calculus and Cohomological Physics in Moscow, which was followed by a series of small conferences called Current Geometry that took place in Italy from 2000 to 2010. From 1998 to 2019, Vinogradov organised and directed the so-called Diffiety Schools in Italy, Russia, and Poland, in which a wide range of courses were taught, in order to prepare students and young researchers to work on the theory of diffieties and secondary calculus.He supervised 19 PhD students. References

1938 births
2019 deaths
Russian expatriates in Italy
20th-century Russian mathematicians
21st-century Russian mathematicians
20th-century Italian mathematicians
21st-century Italian mathematicians
Mathematical physicists
Topologists
Algebraic geometers