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<mask> (Shinjitai: , seiji: ; 7 December 1878 – 29 May 1942) was the pen-name of a Japanese author, poet, pioneering feminist, pacifist, and social reformer, active in the late Meiji period as well as the Taishō and early Shōwa periods of Japan. Her name at birth was . She is one of the most noted, and most controversial, post-classical woman poets of Japan. Early life
<mask> was born into a prosperous merchant family in Sakai, near Osaka. From the age of 11, she was the family member most responsible for running the family business, which produced and sold yōkan, a type of confection. From early childhood, she was fond of reading literary works, and read widely in her father's extensive library. As a high school student, she began to subscribe to the poetry magazine Myōjō (Bright Star), of which she became a prominent contributor.Myōjō's editor, Tekkan <mask>, taught her tanka poetry, having met her on visits to Osaka and Sakai to deliver lectures and teach in workshops. Although Tekkan had a common-law wife, he eventually separated from her after he fell in love with <mask>. The two poets started a new life together in the suburb of Tokyo and were married in 1901. The couple had two sons, Hikaru and Shigeru. Despite separating from his first wife, Tekkan remained actively involved with her. Midaregami
In 1901, Yosano brought out her first volume of tanka, Midaregami (Tangled Hair), which contained 400 poems and was mostly denounced by literary critics. Despite this critical reaction, it was widely read and became a sort of lighthouse for free-thinkers of her time.Her first book, by far her best known, brought a passionate individualism to traditional tanka poetry, unlike any other work of the late Meiji period. The majority are love poems through which <mask> expresses her feelings towards Tekkan Yosano. It was through this particular collection that she set an image for herself as well as the stage for female voices in modern Japan. The poems tended to express femininity in a manner unconventional for her time, especially from a female writer. In traditional Japanese values, women are perceived as (and are expected to be) gentle and modest. The domestic and societal roles of Japanese women were and are focused on procreation and raising children, especially boys. Midaregami not only expresses concepts and/or issues that pertain to women and are not normally voiced in such a public manner, but also created a new, revolutionary image of womanhood, as lively, free, sexual and assertive people, nothing at all like the conventional picture of the modest, demure young lady expected in Japan.Yosano's women were not passive, but active agents of their love lives. In a typical tanka, Yosano wrote: "Spring is short what is there that has eternal life, I said and, made his hands seek out my powerful breasts." The Midaregami posed a challenge to patriarchal values of Japanese society, as well as the accepted literary and cultural conventions of her time. Although <mask> <mask>'s work was denounced and severely criticized, it served as a great source of inspiration to women of her day. The American scholar Hiromi Tsuchiya Dollase noted: "The visual representations of flesh, lips and breasts symbolize women’s sexuality". No poet had written of breasts in a tanka before, which led the poet Nobutsuna Sasaki to attack her in a magazine article for "corrupting public morals" and "mouthing obscenities fit for a whore". From the examples in the Midaregami, the idea of nudity changed the way Japanese people viewed eroticism and female sexuality.Up until this point women's breasts were a symbol for child feeding and motherhood. From then on they began to take on a different representation; that of natural beauty, and especially that of young women. A door was opened for Japanese women to imagine new representations of sexuality and the female body. A poet's life
She followed this with twenty more tanka anthologies over the course of her career, including Koigoromo (Robe of Love) and Maihime (Dancer). Her husband Tekkan was also a poet, but his reputation was eclipsed by hers. He continued to publish his wife's work and to encourage her in her literary career. <mask> <mask> was an extraordinarily prolific writer.She could produce as many as 50 poems in one sitting. During the course of her lifetime, <mask> <mask> is thought to have written between 20,000 and 50,000 poems. She also wrote 11 books of prose. <mask> helped to found what was originally a girls' school, the Bunka Gakuin (Institute of Culture), together with Nishimura Isaku, Kawasaki Natsu and others, and became its first dean and chief lecturer. She assisted many aspiring writers to gain a foothold in the literary world. She was a lifelong advocate of women's education. She also translated the Japanese classics into modern Japanese, including the Shinyaku Genji Monogatari (Newly Translated Tale of Genji) and Shinyaku Eiga Monogatari (Newly Translated Tale of Flowering Fortunes).Yosano's poem Kimi Shinitamou koto nakare (君死にたもうこと勿れ, Thou Shalt Not Die), addressed to her younger brother, was published in Myōjō during the height of the Russo-Japanese War and was extremely controversial. Made into a song, it was used as a mild form of anti-war protest, as the number of Japanese casualties from the bloody Siege of Port Arthur became public. In September 1904, Yosano had learned that Japanese soldiers at Port Arthur were being used as "human bullets", being strapped with explosives and sent to blast holes through the Russian barbed wire entanglements in suicide missions. Yosano's younger brother was serving in the Imperial Army and attached to the forces besieging Port Arthur. In Bushido, it was the highest honor for a man to die for the Emperor, and knowing of her brother's impulsive nature, Yosano was seized with the fear that he might volunteer to be a "human bullet", inspiring her to write a poem pledging with him to think of his widowed mother. Addressed to her brother, Yosano wrote: "Did our parents make you grasp the sword and teach you to kill? For you what does it matter whether the fortress of Lüshun [Port Arthur] falls or not?"Yosano attacked the central concept of Bushido in the Kimi, noting that it was the greatest honor for a man to die for the Emperor, who she sarcastically noted never put himself in harm's way, expecting others to die for him. For calling the war with Russia senseless and stupid, Yosano made herself into Japan's most controversial poet, and the government attempted to ban her poem. The Kimi was so unpopular that Yosano's house was stoned by angry people while she became involved in a rancorous debate with the journalist Omachi Keigestu over the question of whether poets had the duty to support the war or not. The first issue of the liberal journal Seito in September 1911 featured her poem "The Day the Mountains Move" asking for woman to be given equal rights. In a 1918 article, Yosano attacked "the ruling and military class which deliberately block the adoption of a truly moral system in an effort to protect the wealth and influence of their families...They hurry to invoke the power and precepts of the old totalitarian moral codes to direct the lives of Japanese citizens". Yosano ended her article by calling militarism a form of "barbarian thinking which is the responsibility of us women to eradicate from our mist". Yosano gave birth to 13 children, of whom 11 survived to adulthood.The late Japanese politician <mask> Kaoru was one of her grandsons. Feminist perspective
<mask> <mask> frequently wrote for the all-women literary magazine Seitō (Bluestocking), as well as other publications. Her opinions were rooted in the concept of equally partaking in child rearing, financial independence, and social responsibility. On financial independence
<mask> <mask> disagreed with the concept of mothers seeking financial independence through the help of the government, claiming that dependence on the state and dependence on men are one and the same. In her essay titled "Woman's Complete Independence," or Joshi no tettei shita dokuritsu (女性の徹底した独立), she says:

This viewpoint was diametrically opposed to many Japanese feminists' shared opinion at the time that the government should financially support mothers, including one of the five founders of Seitō, Raichō Hiratsuka. Raichō criticized this, saying that most women cannot realistically live without financial assistance. On motherhood
Despite giving birth to thirteen children in her lifetime, Yosano stated that she did not consider the act of giving birth to be the main part of her identity.She also expressed worry that fully equating the identity of womanhood with motherhood prioritizes motherhood over the other aspects of a person. This was written in response to Swedish feminist Ellen Key and Leo Tolstoy in her Taiyō magazine column, "One Woman's Notebook," in January 1915. Her main assertion is that women could accept roles as mothers, but exemplified more than that role: as friends, as wives, as Japanese citizens, and as members of the world. Turn to the right
During the Taishō period, Yosano turned her attention to social commentary, with Hito oyobi Onna to shite (As a Human and as a Woman), Gekido no Naka o Iku (Going through Turbulent Times) and her autobiography Akarumi e (To the Light). In 1931, <mask>, Japan's most famous pacifist succumbed to the "war fever" that gripped Japan when the Kwantung Army seized Manchuria. In a poem from 1932, "Rosy-Cheeked Death" concerning the First Battle of Shanghai, Yosano supported her country against China, though she also portrayed the Chinese soldiers killed in the battle as victims, albeit only of Chiang Kai-shek, who she accused of betraying the legacy of Dr. Sun Yet-sen, who always preached Sino-Japanese friendship. In "Rosy-Cheeked Death", the Chinese are "foolish" to resist Japan because Japan is a "good neighbor" whom they could never hope to defeat, making their resistance futile.In her poem "Citizens of Japan, A Morning Song" published in June 1932, Yosano embraced Bushido as she praised a Japanese soldier for dying for the Emperor at the First Battle of Shanghai as she described how the soldier "scatters" his body when he is blown apart as a "human bomb". Yosano called the "scattered" body of the soldier "purer than a flower, giving life to a samurai's honor". Unlike the Kimi, Yosano called for Japanese women to "unify in loyalty" for the "cause of the Emperor's forces". The American scholar Steven Robson noted that unlike the Kimi, which like the rest of Yosano's early poetry was extremely innovative, Citizens of Japan is cliche-ridden as Yosano used well-known phrases like "a samurai's honor" taken straight from the ultra-nationalist press without developing a vocabulary of her own. Yosano ended her poem by praising Bushido, declaring that the "purest" act a Japanese man could perform was to die for the Emperor in battle and urged the Kwantung Army forward onward in the conquest of Manchuria "through suffering a hundredfold" to "smash the sissified dreams of compromise". Yosano's poems from 1937 onward support the war against China, and in 1941, she supported war against the United States and the United Kingdom. Her late commentaries in the early Showa years tended to praise militarism, and also promoted her feminist viewpoints.Her final work, Shin Man'yōshū (New Man'yōshū, 1937–39) was a compilation of 26,783 poems by 6,675 contributors, written over a 60-year period. In 1942, in one of her last poems, Yosano praised her son who was serving as a lieutenant in the Imperial Navy, urging him to "fight bravely" for the Emperor in "this sacred war". <mask> died of a stroke in 1942 at the age of 63. Her death, occurring in the middle of the Pacific War, went almost unnoticed in the press, and after the end of the war, her works were largely forgotten by critics and the public. In the 1950s, the Kimi was made mandatory reading in Japanese high schools, and during the protests led by idealistic university students against the government of Nobusuke Kishi, whose intention was to do away with Article 9 of the constitution, the Kimi became something of an anthem for the students. Her romantic, sensual style has come back into popularity in recent years, and she has an ever-increasing following. Her grave is at Tama Cemetery in Fuchu, Tokyo.See also

Japanese literature
List of Japanese authors
List of peace activists

References

Further reading
"<mask> Akiko in the Late 1930s". The Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, vol. 25, no. 1, 1991, pp. 3–3. Rowley, GG, Review of Janine Beichman,'Embracing the Firebird: <mask> <mask> and the Birth of the Female Voice in Modern Japanese Poetry', Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. External links
Kamakura's Literary Figures
e-texts of Akiko's works at Aozora Bunko
Yosano Akiko and War – Torikai Lab (Archived 2009-10-24)

1878 births
1942 deaths
20th-century Japanese women writers
20th-century Japanese writers
Japanese essayists
Japanese educators
Japanese feminists
Japanese pacifists
Pacifist feminists
People from Sakai, Osaka
People of Meiji-period Japan
Japanese women essayists
Japanese women poets
20th-century essayists
Writers from Osaka Prefecture

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<mask> (born 31 July 1962) is a British Anglican priest and theologian. He has been Dean of Christ Church, Oxford, from 2014. In February 2022 he announced his resignation from this position, effective from April. He had previously been the principal of Ripon College Cuddesdon, Oxford, from 2004 to 2014. <mask> teaches in the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford, and is a fellow of the Said Business School at the university. He is also Professor of Theological Education at King's College London and has been a professorial research fellow at Heythrop College, University of London. He is also a visiting professor of the Institute for the Study of Values at the University of Winchester, a founding fellow of the Center for Theologically Engaged Anthropology at the University of Georgia, and an adjunct professor at Hartford Seminary, Connecticut.He is an emeritus canon of Salisbury Cathedral, having previously served as an honorary canon. He has also been an honorary canon, serving later as canon theologian, at Sheffield Cathedral. He became a fellow of King's College London in 2018. <mask>'s theological outlook is rooted in his long-standing commitment to middle-way Anglicanism. His writings fall into three distinct-but-related groups: ecclesiology; contemporary Christianity, religious movements and sociological trends; and anthropological interpretations of denominations and congregations; and spiritual devotional writings. He has also written extensively about theological education, as well as contextual, pastoral and practical theology. In 2013, The Times Literary Supplement praised <mask> for his work towards unity within the Anglican Communion and the Church of England, describing him as displaying a "peaceable, polite and restrained" approach whilst "making peace between competing communities of conviction".Early life and education
<mask> was born on 31 July 1962. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood, the University of Bristol (BA), the University of Durham (Cert. Counselling), King's College London (PhD, 1993) and the University of Sheffield (MEd). After a short career in publishing (1984–1988), he trained for ordination at Durham. Ordained ministry
<mask> was ordained in the Church of England as a deacon in 1990 and as a priest in 1991. He served as a curate at St Andrew's, Bedford (1990–1994), and was then appointed chaplain and director of studies at Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1997 he was appointed as the founding director of the Lincoln Theological Institute – a research and consultancy body specialising in faith and society (initially based at Sheffield University but now a research centre within Manchester University).He left in 2004 to become principal at Cuddesdon. Cuddesdon
Ripon College Cuddesdon developed significantly from 2004, during <mask>'s tenure as principal: it incorporated the Oxford Ministry Course (OMC) in 2006, and the West of England Ministerial Training Course (WEMTC) in 2011, making it the largest provider of Anglican ordination training in the UK. The college became internationally more active during <mask>'s period as principal: it works closely with the Anglican Church in Hong Kong and continues to have links with Anglican colleges in the United States, Canada, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. During <mask>'s time at Cuddesdon, the college moved from a distinctively liberal catholic ethos and progressively to the broader centre ground of Anglicanism, welcoming ordinands from across the ecclesial spectrum, thereby reclaiming the "non-party" ethos that Bishop Samuel Wilberforce had founded the college with in 1854. During <mask>'s tenure, the multi-award-winning Bishop Edward King Chapel (which was shortlisted for the Stirling Prize in 2013) and a new education centre (Harriet Monsell House) were built. The college also became the first to incorporate a community of Anglican religious sisters, and to work alongside staff and students offering support in prayer and spirituality, whilst continuing to develop their own ministries of spiritual direction. Deanery of Christ Church
It was announced on 7 May 2014 that <mask> would become the 45th Dean of Christ Church in Oxford.He was the first dean to be democratically elected by the governing body, and was instituted to the deanery on 4 October 2014. Christ Church is the only academic institution in the world which is also a cathedral – being the seat of the Bishop of Oxford. In common with other cathedral deans, <mask>, as Dean of Christ Church, is the senior priest of the Diocese of Oxford. <mask> is also the patron of St Francis' Children's Society (an Adoption and Fostering Agency with a Roman Catholic foundation), a governor of Christ Church Cathedral School, Westminster School and St Edward's School, Oxford, a trustee of the Grubb Institute, Gladstone's Library (Harwarden) and the Li Tim-Oi Foundation. On 4 February 2022, it was announced that <mask> had agreed to step down as Dean of Christ Church effective April 2022. <mask> will receive £1.175 million in settlement. A complaint of sexual harassment against him was also announce to have been settled.Christ Church disputes

Tribunal and reinstatement (2018–19)
In November 2018, <mask> was suspended from office and an independently-chaired internal tribunal was established. This followed a formal complaint which had been made against him concerning his attempts to change the composition of the institution's salaries board while in a dispute over his own pay. The salaries board had rejected his request for a pay rise. <mask> is one of the highest-paid clerics in the Church of England, earning more than the Archbishop of Canterbury, but in the bottom 25% of Oxford college heads by remuneration. There were later claims that <mask> was the victim of a "bullying campaign" by university dons who opposed his reformist agenda. In response to press reports, the Bishop of Oxford, Steven Croft, stated his concern at the allegations of bullying and that he had been monitoring the situation closely. Supporters of the dean have criticised Christ Church's complaints process, as no investigation or disciplinary hearing was necessary prior to his suspension from office.Angela Tilby, a canon emeritus of Christ Church, wrote in the Church Times that <mask> faced hostility for desiring to make the institution "more inclusive, more open to the outside world, and, perhaps, more aware of its wealth and vested interests". Paul Bayes (Bishop of Liverpool) and Alan Wilson (Bishop of Buckingham) have also conveyed public messages of support. In January 2019, the censor theologiae (acting chairman of governing body of Christ Church) sent a letter to college alumni, revealing that <mask>'s suspension was triggered by a pay dispute. This was the first official statement regarding the nature of the tribunal. On 21 August 2019, the cathedral chapter and the college's governing body announced that the tribunal had concluded that the charges brought against <mask> were all dismissed. However, the tribunal made one minor finding that there had been a single unintentional breach of his fiduciary duty. The outcome of the investigation was welcomed by the Bishop of Oxford.The process was presided over by Sir Andrew Smith, a High Court judge, and is estimated to have cost the college at least £500,000. The college's legal fees are not known. The governing body has not read the whole text of the judgement provided by Smith. Over the course of the nine-month investigation and to date, supporters of <mask> have raised over £100,000 to cover the cost of legal fees. In December 2019, <mask> lost a vote of confidence by the governing body of Christ Church, by 38 to 2. In 2020, 41 members of Christ Church's governing body wrote to the Charity Commission accusing <mask> of "unsound judgment" and of having breached his legal, fiduciary and safeguarding duties since the Smith tribunal. Other investigations

Safeguarding (2020)
On 4 March 2020, the college announced that the dean was to be investigated by the Church of England's National Safeguarding Team (NST) over alleged failures to report safeguarding cases in 2017.A subsequent investigation by the NST over the course of six months cleared the dean of any wrongdoing and on 8 September the Bishop of Huddersfield, Jonathan Gibbs, the Church of England's lead safeguarding bishop said: "An independent investigation into allegations that the Dean, <mask> <mask>, failed to fulfil his safeguarding responsibilities has concluded the Dean acted entirely appropriately in each case. The National Safeguarding Team, NST, followed the House of Bishops guidance when the four separate allegations were referred earlier in the year relating to the Dean, a senior office holder. At no point was there any allegation or evidence that the Dean presented a direct risk to any child or vulnerable adult." Sexual harassment (2020)
A young woman made an allegation that <mask> had stroked her hair in the cathedral sacristy after a service in October 2020. Christ Church commissioned a report from an independent investigator, and sought legal advice from an independent QC to decide whether an internal disciplinary process should follow to consider the allegation and decide upon any subsequent sanctions. Responding to repudiation of her claim and the publication in the press of details that should have remained confidential, the complainant wrote a letter to the Church Times to defend her formal complaint concerning the incident alleged to have occurred on 4 October 2020. Following "attempts by some through the media, social media, and a number of blogs, to undermine its disciplinary processes and in particular to intimidate the complainant", Christ Church felt it was necessary to commission an independent report by the President of Welsh Tribunals, Sir Wyn Williams, on whether or not the sexual harassment case had been correctly handled by Christ Church so far.The Williams report concludes that the complainant "described events which, objectively, could amount to sexual harassment", and that the processes followed by Christ Church to investigate it were fair and responsible: "I have no doubt that establishing a tribunal is a responsible use of charitable resource and in the best interests of Christ Church." Voluntary withdrawal
On 17 November 2020, it was announced that <mask> had voluntarily withdrawn from his duties as Christ Church dean in response to the allegations. He did not resign, but "stepped back from his duties in the College and Cathedral". One of Britain's most senior Court of Appeal judges, Dame Sarah Asplin, President of Tribunals for the Church of England, ruled on 28 May 2021 that it would be "entirely disproportionate" for the sexual harassment claim to be referred to a Clergy Disciplinary Tribunal. Other roles
<mask> has undertaken a number of roles in public life, specialising in media and consumer affairs. He has served as a director and council member of the Advertising Standards Authority (1999–2006). He was previously an advisor on the "Faith Zone" for the New Millennium Experience Company and the Millennium Dome in London (1999).From 2006 to 2008, he was a member of the Theology and Religious Studies Panel for the HEFCE Research Assessment Exercise. He has served as a member of the Independent Complaints Panel for the Portman Group, the self-regulating body for the alcoholic drinks industry. He has served as commissioner for the Direct Marketing Authority (2008–2014), and currently serves as an advisor to the British Board of Film Classification. He was the elected chair of the Cuddesdon and Denton Parish Council from 2007 to 2014. Theology

<mask>'s theology is generally

masks:
Martyn William Percy
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texts:
 considered to represent the liberal tradition in the Church of England. His viewpoints typically argue for the "middle ground" between evangelical and catholic positions, with appeals to Anglican comprehensiveness, and the tradition of respecting theological differences. <mask>'s main interlocutors in his writings comprise a trinity of American theologians: Daniel W. Hardy, Urban T. Holmes III, and James F. Hopewell.<mask> is a proponent of "generous orthodoxy", and argues for a theological approach that copes with "serious forms of dispute and threat[s] of schism." In 2018, a group of scholars from the fields of sociology, anthropology, musicology, theology and ecclesiology published a book (edited by Ian Markham and Joshua Daniels) on <mask>'s work to date, based on an earlier symposium engaging with <mask>'s writings, held at Virginia Theological Seminary (Washington DC) in 2016. The subsequent Reasonable Radical? Reading the Writings of <mask> <mask> offers a broad guide to the compass of <mask>'s work. <mask> has adopted a progressive outlook on a number of social issues, such as LGBTQ rights and the ordination of women. However his writings affirm orthodox Christian positions on the incarnation, atonement, resurrection and ascension; he has consistently defended the historicity of Jesus’ healing and nature miracles. Noted for his work on fundamentalism and revivalism, for which he engages with sociology and anthropology, he was described in the academic journal Theology, by Nigel Rooms, as the British theologian who is the closest to being a "missionary anthropologist".In 2002, <mask> co-founded the Society for the Study of Anglicanism with Tom Hughson, which meets annually at the American Academy of Religion and is now in a full partnership with Virginia Theological Seminary. <mask> has served as chair of committee (the oversight body) for Cliff College – a Methodist Bible college in the evangelical-charismatic tradition – and also works with a number of other evangelical groups. He is a vice-president of Modern Church and has been a member of the Faculty of Theology and Religion at the University of Oxford since 2004. From 2014 he has also taught for the Said Business School and for the Department of Sociology at the university. <mask> has been a regular contributor to The Guardian, BBC Radio Four, and the BBC World Service. Activism and views

Anglican unity
<mask> is a social thinker, moralist and commentator, with his activism and writings addressing concerns for social justice and equality. He has spoken and written about the threat of schism in the Anglican Communion, arguing that churches should embrace the diversity of belief that exists, rather than allowing such divisions to result in separation.In anticipation of the October 2003 Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting, which took place in the wake of the ordination of Gene Robinson as Episcopal Bishop of New Hampshire, the communion's first openly gay bishop, he wrote of the need for a "slight loosening of the ties", to avoid a divorce. Illustrating this, he described Anglicanism as an "archipelago – a connection of provincial islands that shares doctrinal, liturgical and cultural aspects", as opposed to being "one vast, catholic continent". He made similar remarks following Jeffrey John's withdrawal as Bishop of Reading, in July 2003, suggesting that the debate on gay rights should instead be shifted towards reflecting on the "more central gospel themes". Church leadership
<mask> has been critical of Justin Welby's leadership as Archbishop of Canterbury, in particular his "managerial" style. <mask> described Welby's plans to send senior clergy on leadership courses, contained in the 2014 report of the Lord Green Steering Group, as showing a poor judgment of the church's priorities and lacking in theological understanding. He went on to say that Welby's targets for efficiency and growth were not reflective of the Christian mission, given that Jesus "didn't spend a lot of time going on about success." In August 2016, <mask> renewed his criticism of Welby, describing the direction he was leading the Church of England as being "driven by mission-minded middle managers" that alienated congregations and the wider British public.He also raised further concerns about plans to divert funding away from traditional rural parishes and towards evangelical inner-city churches, warning that "it will take more to save the Church of England than a blend of the latest management theory". <mask> has also commented on an emerging theological anaemia among bishops in the Church of England, and highlighted the weaknesses and risks this poses for Anglican polity. LGBTQ rights

In an essay published in December 2015, <mask> outlined his views on homosexuality, questioning the teaching that it is sinful and unnatural. Regarding the controversy surrounding the issue in the worldwide Anglican Communion, he noted that the church's position has alienated an increasingly progressive country, particularly the younger generation of Christians in Britain; he also called on Justin Welby to formally apologise for the church's role in introducing homophobic teachings to cultures across the British Empire, during the 19th century:

Just days before the commencement of the January 2016 Anglican Communion Primates' Meeting, <mask> joined with over 100 other senior Anglicans, including Alan Wilson (Bishop of Buckingham) and David Ison (Dean of St Paul's), in calling on archbishops Welby and Sentamu to acknowledge the failings of the Anglican Communion in its treatment of LGBTQ people. Following the decision of the primates to penalise the US Episcopal Church, for voting to redefine marriage at its 2015 general convention, <mask> expressed his disappointment. He went on to say that the meeting's statement regarding this action, "had nothing to say about LGBT Christians, and that's a lost opportunity". Politics
In the wake of the United Kingdom EU membership referendum in June 2016, <mask> has argued that a national "failure of liberal values" was made evident by the result.He has also suggested the need for a more "broad church" approach to British party politics, potentially in the form of a new centre-left party that is "authentically rooted in modern, progressive socialism, and equally true to modern, progressive, democratic liberal values". Safeguarding
Since 2015, <mask> has been actively involved in the campaign to restore the reputation of Bishop George Bell, following the Church of England's decision to compensate a woman who alleged that she had been sexually abused by Bell. He is a member of the George Bell Group and has published a number of key articles questioning the competence of those who have presumed Bell to be a perpetrator of abuse. A subsequent independent report by Lord Carlile of Berriew found that there was no basis in law for presuming that the allegations made against Bell could have been sustained. In March 2018, <mask> called for the church to develop an independent self-regulating authority to handle safeguarding issues, arguing that the churches can only be ultimately trusted as public bodies if they voluntarily relinquish some control over their own policies and practices. <mask>’s work on behalf of victims of sexual abuse in the church has continued alongside IICSA (Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse) reports focussing on the Church of England. This has included calling for better training and regulation in the churches, and greater fairness, justice and remedy for both the victims of abuse and those who may be falsely accused.Women bishops
Following the General Synod's narrow rejection of a motion to legalise the ordination of women as bishops in November 2012, <mask> wrote in The Daily Telegraph criticising church leaders for failing to create sufficient consensus about the issue. He described the view of opponents to the motion as maintaining a "conceit of modern times" by their fundamentalist rejection of diversity. He also voiced the need for the church to be "transformed by the renewal of our minds" in its approach to the inclusion of women in the Anglican Communion, by moving towards a "new future". In February 2017, he suggested that Bishop Philip North either decline his nomination as Bishop of Sheffield or renounce the views of The Society, a conservative body which does not recognise or receive the ministry of ordained women, or men ordained by women bishops. North later withdrew his acceptance of the nomination, citing "personal attacks". In a radio discussion of North's decision, <mask> refuted the accusation that his position demonstrated a form of "liberal intolerance". He reasoned that resistance to discrimination is not equivalent to intolerance.Personal life
<mask> has the distinction of being the only living theologian mentioned and quoted in Dan Brown's The Da Vinci Code (chapter 55), where Sir Leigh Teabing says, "Everything you need to know about the Bible can be summed up by the great canon doctor <mask> <mask>: 'The Bible did not arrive by fax from heaven.'" <mask> is married to <mask>, who is chaplain and fellow at Trinity College, Oxford, and together they have two sons. He is a member of the Labour Party, a teetotaler and a lifelong supporter of Everton Football Club. His hobbies include running, playing squash, cinema, and listening to jazz. In addition to the work edited by Markham and Daniel, Reasonable Radical? Reading the Writings of Martyn <mask> (2017), which focuses on <mask>'s theology, the Northern Irish poet Peter McDonald's Five Psalms for Martyn <mask> reworks Psalms 8, 25, 94, 98 and 114 in poetic form to explore aspects of <mask>'s life using elegy, lament, hope, justice and vindication. Published works

Key essays in edited books

Other publications
<mask> is the founding commissioning senior editor for three current book series with the publisher Routledge.The Explorations in Practical and Pastoral Theology Series (since 2002, with Jeff Astley, Leslie Francis and Nicola Slee – to date, 50 publications); the Contemporary Ecclesiology Series (since 2010 with Bruce Kaye and Tom Hughson SJ – to date, 20 publications); and the Congregational Music Studies Series (since 2016, with Monique Ingalls, Zoe Sherinian and Mark Porter – to date, 10 publications). From 2010-2014, <mask> was commissioning series editor with Ian Markham for the Canterbury Press Studies in Anglicanism (comprising 7 edited volumes). Using three different pseudonyms, <mask> has also written other essays, papers, humour, articles, blog contributions and a number of shorter books. See also
 Oxford Centre for Ecclesiology and Practical Theology

References

External links

Christ Church official website
, hosted by the Oxford Union on 28 April 2016 (in opposition to the motion, This House Believes Religion Remains the Opiate of the Masses)
Patron of Educational Wealth Fund (2018)

1962 births
20th-century English Anglican priests
20th-century Anglican theologians
20th-century British theologians
20th-century Church of England clergy
21st-century English Anglican priests
21st-century Anglican theologians
21st-century British theologians
21st-century Church of England clergy
Alumni of Durham University
Alumni of King's College London
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Anglican socialists
British Christian socialists
British Christian theologians
Christian socialist theologians
Church of England priests
Deans of Christ Church, Oxford
Ecclesiologists
Fellows of King's College London
Hartford Seminary faculty
Labour Party (UK) people
LGBT rights activists from the United Kingdom
Living people
People educated at Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Practical theologians
Staff of Ripon College

masks:
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Martyn
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Martyn
Percy
Percy
Emma Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy
Percy


texts:
Sir <mask>  (1 May 1822 – 16 August 1887) was a German-born New Zealand explorer, geologist, and founder of the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch. Early life
<mask> was born on 1 May 1822 in Bonn, a town in the Kingdom of Prussia, to a merchant and his wife. As a child, he attended a local school but was also educated at a grammar school in Cologne. After completing his formal schooling, he then entered the University of Bonn, where he studied geology and mineralogy. However, he did not graduate. As a young man, he travelled throughout Europe before basing himself in Frankfurt, working in the trading of books and mineral samples collected on his journeys. On 26 October 1846, Haast married Antonia Schmitt at Frankfurt, Germany.The marriage, although unhappy, produced a son named Robert two years later. Haast was fluent in English and, in 1858, was contracted by a British shipping firm, A. Willis, Gann & Company, to report on the suitability of New Zealand for German emigrants. He travelled to London and in September of that year embarked aboard the Evening Star, destined for New Zealand. He arrived in Auckland on 21 December 1858 and, the following day, met the Austrian <mask> Hochstetter at the home of a German emigrant. Hochstetter, on a scientific cruise aboard the ship Novara, had been invited by the Governor of New Zealand, Thomas Gore Browne, to provide advice on a recent find of a coal field south of Auckland, in Drury. Haast discovered the two men had a shared interest in geology and they quickly became friends. Exploring New Zealand
Haast accompanied Hochstetter on his journey to Drury a few days later so that he could assess the natural resources and attractions of Auckland as a place for German immigration.Also present on the trip were several of Hochstetter's fellow scientists as well as the explorer and surveyor Charles Heaphy. Haast assisted Hochstetter in his investigations of the coalfield before the party pushed further south, interacting with local Māori and journeying along part of the Waikato River before returning to Auckland in early January 1859. Hochstetter's report on the Drury coalfield was well received and he was formally asked to conduct geological surveys of New Zealand. His work with the Novara expedition largely complete, he agreed to stay on in New Zealand for six months, although the Austrian government would pay his salary. Hochstetter, assisted by Haast, spent the first two months on geological expeditions in the immediate area around Auckland, for the most part examining extinct volcanic cones and a multitude of historic points of eruption. Hochstetter then turned his attention south, towards the Waikato area, and requested Haast join him. The Waikato, apart from a few roads and trails, was largely unknown—the expedition, which left Auckland on 7 March 1859, had to make its own maps on the journey south.In three months they travelled as far as Lake Taupō and also went as far west as Kāwhia Harbour and as far east as Maketu in the Bay of Plenty. Arriving back in Auckland on 24 May 1859, the party, which included a photographer, had covered 1000 kilometres. Numerous collected samples, sketches and photographs taken on the journey added to the scientific knowledge of the area. It was revealed to the citizens of Auckland during a well attended public lecture delivered by Hochstetter on 24 June. At the end of their journey south Hochstetter had told a reporter from the New Zealander that Haast had collected a great variety of statistical information to send home to Germany. It is likely however that Haast's main focus was on geography and geology. As Hochstetter adapted his technique in the study of a new country under adverse conditions, he later referred to Haast as his enthusiastic assistant, who not only helped but pushed him forward.At the same time Haast learnt a great deal from Hochstetter's great expertise. During June Hochstetter and Haast departed for the Coromandel to investigate the goldfields there. Then, in late July 1859, they travelled south by steamer to the Province of Nelson, stopping briefly at New Plymouth and Wellington on the way. After his lecture in Auckland, Hochstetter had received invitations from several other provinces to explore the geological makeup of their regions, but he had already accepted an invitation from the Nelson Provincial Council to inspect the mineral deposits of Nelson Province, which were believed to include gold, coal and copper. Again Haast assisted Hochstetter, and after they discovered moa bones in the Aorere Valley in Golden Bay, Hochstetter left Haast in charge of the dig while he continued with other fieldwork. Over several days, assisted by Christopher Maling of the provincial survey department, Haast extracted several near-complete skeletons of the long-extinct bird. Hochstetter then tasked him with carrying out independent fieldwork in Golden Bay and with investigating the mineral deposits to the east of Nelson.At Shakespeare Bay, near present-day Picton, he correctly predicted gold could be found based on his inspection of the rocks in the area. Haast returned to Nelson on 24 September 1859 and met up with Hochstetter, whose time in New Zealand was drawing to a close. Hochstetter delivered a public lecture, which included both his and Haast's geological findings, and his conclusion that the minerals in the area would contribute significantly to the wealth of the region was well received by the interested citizens of Nelson. One final common expedition at the end of September investigated a newly discovered coalfield in Golden Bay; Hochstetter then sailed for Sydney on 2 October. Following Hochstetter's departure from New Zealand, the Nelson Provincial Council asked Haast to build on the geological work already completed. In particular, he was to focus on identifying valuable minerals in the ranges between Nelson and the Grey River, to scout out travelling routes to Westland, and to complete a topographical map of the area. Before beginning the survey Haast visited Canterbury Province, possibly to complete his German immigration report for A. Willis, Gann & Company.Hochstetter had written ahead to the Canterbury Provincial Government apologising for not visiting personally, but informing them that Haast would soon go there and during his stay would gather geological information on his behalf. While there Haast proposed that following on from his work in Nelson he could undertake a similar survey of Canterbury's portion of the West Coast. Haast's topographical and geological survey of south west Nelson took eight months, from January to August 1860. His report to the Nelson Provincial Council was published in early 1861 and of note were his discoveries of coal near the present-day town of Westport. He also found that the coal seams discovered by Thomas Brunner in 1848 were of a higher quality than first thought. He found gold in several tributaries of the Upper Buller, and reported on his botanical and zoological findings. Life in Canterbury

When Haast arrived in Canterbury to begin his survey of their portion of the West Coast, the Superintendent of Canterbury William Moorhouse instead requested that he investigate the mountain range between Lyttelton and Christchurch.A rail tunnel was proposed through the mountain to link Lyttelton and Christchurch but engineers had encountered particular tough basaltic rocks which jeopardised the proposed route. As a result of Haast's work, the rail link was able to proceed. He became provincial geologist to Canterbury, a post which he held from 1861 to 1868. His work in this capacity saw Haast conducting numerous expeditions throughout Canterbury and Westland, making geological discoveries and topographical maps of the area. Late in 1861, he discovered a coal seam in Kowai and the following year searched for gold in the area around Aoraki/Mt Cook. He identified that the Mackenzie plains were once the bed of a major glacier and, as well as his geological observations, he collected numerous botanical specimens. He discovered and named many of the glaciers of the central South Island, including the Franz Joseph Glacier, in honour of the Emperor of Austria, Franz Joseph.He was the first person to study the bones of the extinct <mask>'s eagle. In 1870, Haast was appointed the curator of Canterbury Museum. The specimens that he collected on his expeditions of earlier years were a key part of the early holdings of the museum. Following the establishment of the Canterbury University College, he lectured in geology from 1873, and was made professor in 1876. In the 1870s Haast was involved with James Hector in one of New Zealand's "most bitter scientific arguments" involving the extinction of the Moa and Moa-hunter origins; the "Sumner Cave Controversy"; see Moriori in popular culture. Haast held that the Moriori Moa-hunters preceded Māori to New Zealand. His Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland, N.Z., was published in 1879.He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1867, and was given a hereditary knighthood by the Emperor of Austria in 1875. He was awarded the Royal Geographical Society's Patron's Gold Medal in 1884 for his explorations in New Zealand. Later life and legacy
Haast travelled to England in 1886, as New Zealand's commissioner to the Colonial and Indian Exhibition in London. While there, he was made Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George for his services. He had previously been made a Companion of the same order three years previously. Haast died on 16 August 1887, following his return to Christchurch. He is buried in the grounds of Holy Trinity Church in Stanmore Road, Christchurch.He was survived by his second wife, Mary Dobson, daughter of the Canterbury Provincial Engineer Edward Dobson, and the couple's five children. Several places in New Zealand are named after Haast, including Haast Pass and the Haast River (both named by himself). The town of Haast is located at the mouth of the Haast River. The schist found in New Zealand is called the "Haast Schist" as a tribute to his contributions to geology. James Mackay (1831–1912) named two peaks after Haast: Mount Haast in the Southern Alps / Kā Tiritiri o te Moana and Mount Haast near Springs Junction in the Buller District. The Haast Glacier and Haast Range in the Southern Alps were named by James Hector. The Haast Ridge was named by William Spotswood Green.Notes

References

External links

Specimens collected by <mask> <mask> on BloodhoundTracker

1822 births
1887 deaths
Burials at Holy Trinity Avonside
Directors of Canterbury Museum, Christchurch
Explorers of New Zealand
German emigrants to New Zealand
19th-century German geologists
German ornithologists
German paleontologists
New Zealand explorers
New Zealand Fellows of the Royal Society
19th-century New Zealand geologists
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
People from Christchurch
University of Bonn alumni
University of Canterbury faculty

masks:
Johann Franz Julius von Haast
Johann Franz Julius Haast
Ferdinand von
Haast
Julius von
Haast


texts:
<mask> (born 21 September 1975) is an Indian politician. After serving the Indian National Congress in various capacities for more than 20 years, she quit to join the Aam Aadmi Party on 26 December 2014. In February 2015, <mask> was elected to the Delhi Legislative Assembly from Chandni Chowk. She quit AAP in September 2019 citing disrespect for her within the party. On 6 September 2019, she formally returned to the Congress party. She was however disqualified from the Delhi assembly by Delhi speaker for violating the rules for party change over in a gesture of strong warning to tainted turncoats. <mask> began her career as a student leader, and is former President of Delhi University Students' Union, former National President of National Students' Union of India, former General Secretary of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee and former Secretary of All India Congress Committee.She is Chairperson of the NGO Go India Foundation. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in New Delhi, India to Amar Nath <mask>, an Indian Army Civilian Engineer and Raj Kumari <mask>, a homemaker. She is one of six siblings. Education
<mask> completed her schooling at the Government Girls Senior Secondary School No.1, Delhi. Later she obtained her BSc degree from Dyal Singh College, Delhi (Delhi University) in 1996. Subsequently, she pursued her Masters in Chemistry and Education from the Bundelkhand University, Uttar Pradesh. Personal life
<mask> married Lokesh Kapoor but the marriage did not last.They are currently divorced. They have a son named Hrithik <mask>. Political career
<mask> was only 19 years old when she began her political career in 1994 as a second year B.Sc. student. She joined the National Students' Union of India (NSUI), the student wing of the Congress party and was promptly given the responsibility of being Delhi State Girl Convener. After one year in 1995, she contested the Delhi University Students' Union (DUSU) election for the post of President and won by a huge margin. In 1996, she worked as All India Girl Convener for NSUI, and in 1997 she was appointed as the President of all India (NSUI).In 2002, she was appointed as the General Secretary of All India Mahila Congress. In 2003, she unsuccessfully contested Delhi Assembly elections from Moti Nagar Constituency against the senior BJP leader Madan Lal Khurana. In 2006 she became a member of All India Congress Committee (AICC) and was appointed as General Secretary of Delhi Pradesh Congress Committee (DPCC). At the same time she was also appointed as Vice Chairperson of National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD), an autonomous body of Ministry of Women and Child Development, Government of India. She was a Secretary All India Congress Committee (AICC) at the Indian National Congress from 2007 to 2011. She left Indian National Congress in December 2014 to join Aam Aadmi Party. In February 2015, <mask> contested in Delhi Legislative Assembly election from Chandni Chowk constituency on Aam Aadmi Party's ticket.She defeated her nearest rival, Suman Kumar Gupta of Bharatiya Janata Party, by a margin of 18,287 votes. In September 2019, she quit the Aam Aadmi Party and rejoined the Indian National Congress party as she was disenchanted for quite some time with the AAP leadership. <mask> had openly disagreed with the AAP leadership regarding the passing of a resolution in December 2018 to revoke former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi's Bharat Ratna. <mask> has visited the UK, Russia, the US, China, and Venezuela to attend seminars and give speeches about women's empowerment, human rights and sustainable development in third world nations. In 2005, she visited Venezuela to attend the World Festival of Youth and Students. In 2006, she visited the US to attend a conference on international women's leadership programs. In 2007 and 2008, she visited London to attend the UN's International Widows Day and tourism and cultural festival.In 2008–2009, <mask> visited Nepal to attend a seminar on disaster management programs. In 2010, <mask> travelled across Brunei, Singapore, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and Maldives with the 2010 Delhi Commonwealth Games Queen's Baton Relay. Controversies
In August 2015, a few months after she had been elected MLA for the Chandni Chowk constituency, <mask> was charged with vandalism and destruction of property in an incident which occurred within her own constituency. On 10 August 2015, a mob armed with lathis, swagger sticks and cricket bats attacked and badly vandalized a liquor shop located in the Kashmere Gate area of old Delhi. CCTV footage recorded shows <mask> leading the attack and vandalising the shop along with her supporters. The footage shows her reaching straight for the shop counter and violently pushing and spilling and throwing away the items on the counter. Following this, her supporters also vandalised the shop.According to reports, this happened because the shopkeeper was a BJP supporter and had objected to the AAP defacing his shop windows with posters eulogising <mask> and her party. Representing National Commission for Women on 16 July 2012, as one of the member of the enquiry team of 2012 Guwahati molestation case, Lamba met the victim of a Guwahati molestation case, held a press-conference and revealed the victim's identity. The 'tip-off' made local media houses work overtime to find the victim's real identity. Some TV channels interviewed the victim's neighbours to come to the conclusion that the girl's name was not what she was forced to say by the channel that recorded her molestation and near-stripping. Such acts of Lamba's were widely criticised. Following this, she was removed from the fact-finding committee of NCW. Social work
A non-governmental organisation named Go India Foundation ran by Alka Lamba got attention in 2010 during its blood donation campaigning.Significantly, over 65000 people donated blood in one day. The campaign was promoted by Salman Khan. Elections contested

Delhi Legislative Assembly

References

1975 births
Living people
Presidents of Delhi University Students Union
Women members of the Delhi Legislative Assembly
Delhi MLAs 2015–2020
Aam Aadmi Party MLAs from Delhi
Indian National Congress politicians from Delhi
Delhi University alumni
People from New Delhi
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
Trade unionists from Delhi
Indian women trade unionists
Bundelkhand University alumni

masks:
Alka Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Alka
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba
Lamba


texts:
<mask> (3 September 1847 – 29 October 1885) was an English Anglican missionary and martyr. He was the first Anglican bishop of East Africa. Early life
<mask> was born on 3 September 1847 at Hurstpierpoint in Sussex, England, about eight miles from Brighton, where his father ran a warehouse, and was part of the family that ran Hanningtons department stores. His father, <mask>, had recently acquired the property known as St George's. During his childhood, <mask> was a collector and he blew off his thumb with black powder. For <mask>'s early education a tutor had been engaged, but when he was thirteen he was sent to the Temple School at Brighton, where he remained for the next two-and-a-half years, although he was an indifferent student. <mask> left school at fifteen to work in his father's Brighton counting house.He obtained a commission in the 1st Sussex Artillery Volunteer Corps in 1864 and rose to the rank of major. Under his training and supervision, his detachment won prizes at the annual camp competitions. Ministry

The family were Congregationalists but joined the Church of England in 1867. In that year the chapel which <mask>'s father had built in the grounds of his property in 1852 was licensed for Anglican services. At twenty-one, <mask> decided to pursue a clerical career, and entered university at St Mary Hall, Oxford; he was President of the Red Club and captain of the St Mary Hall Boat. In 1872, the death of his mother spurred a change in <mask>'s life; he was awarded his BA, and on 1 March 1874 was made a deacon (by Frederick Temple, Bishop of Exeter, at Exeter Cathedral), and took a  curacy of Martinhoe with Trentishoe, Devon. Having been ordained priest, in 1875 <mask> became curate-in-charge at St George's, Hurstpierpoint where he stayed until volunteering for missionary work in East Africa in 1882.He had by then been married for five years. Around 1882, <mask> heard of the murder of two missionaries on the shores of Lake Victoria. This led to him offering himself to the Church Missionary Society (CMS) and he left England on 17 May, setting sail for Zanzibar on 29 June, as the head of a party of six missionaries. Crippled by fever and dysentery, <mask> was forced to return to England in 1883. On 24 June 1884 (St John the Baptist's Day), having recovered, <mask> was ordained and consecrated a bishop by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Mary-at-Lambeth, to serve the See of Eastern Equatorial Africa, and in January 1885, at age thirty-seven,  <mask> again departed for Africa. His diocese included missions of the CMS at the coast and inland in Buganda. While there <mask> collected a number of shells which were described by E. A. Smith in two papers in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History.After arriving at Freretown, near Mombasa, in Kenya, <mask> determined to pioneer a shorter and healthier highland road to Buganda, using Christian porters and undercutting the Arab slave route to the south. He was oblivious to the political consequences of traversing Busoga, a strategically sensitive area for the Buganda state. The sudden intrusion of German imperialism at the coast made the Kabaka of Buganda Mwanga II, even more suspicious of <mask>'s motives. An oracle (emmandwa) had said that Buganda's conqueror would come from the east. Mwanga forbade <mask> from continuing through Busoga and sent boats to take him to Sukumaland, but <mask> refused. Together with his team, he safely reached a spot near Lake Victoria on 21 October, but, under the orders of Mwanga II of Buganda, the missionaries were imprisoned in Busoga by Basoga chiefs. After eight days of captivity, by order from Mwanga II, <mask>'s porters were killed, and on 29 October 1885, <mask> himself was speared in both sides.As he died, his alleged last words to the soldiers who killed him were: "Go, tell Mwanga I have purchased the road to Uganda with my blood." Alexander William Mackay, who had first-hand knowledge of events from the Buganda side, in letters dated 2 May 1886, wrote:

"Had the matter of the Busoga route been the real point at issue, the king needed only to adopt our advice at the time, and request the Bishop to return to the neighbourhood of Kwa Sundu in Kavirondo, whither the boat had gone for him. But he was determined on shedding the blood of one whom he believed was a European of higher standing than merely an ordeinary missionary or traveler, as 'a challenge to the whole of Europe' as he said himself ... this case was absolutely unprovoked and unjustifiable on any ground, the extent of the crime being much increased by the fact that our brethren were coming after the King's own repeated invitation, although they themselves were, perhaps, not aware of that fact. Further we gave the King perfectly to understand who they were, and why they came via the east, viz., to avoid the Germans"

Widespread persecution of Christians followed, many being killed or sold to Arab slavers. Joseph Mukasa Balikuddembe, a Roman Catholic and an official at Mwanga's court, rebuked the king for the deed, and was beheaded for it. <mask> and his companions were among the first Martyrs of Uganda. The location of <mask>'s remains was divulged to Bishop Alfred Tucker in 1892 and on 31 December 1892, his remains were reburied at Namirembe.He is commemorated by the Hannington memorial chapel in Namirembe Cathedral, Kampala, Uganda. <mask>'s feast day (Lesser Festival) in the Church of England is 29 October. A dedication stone, erected in his memory along with the Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, West Blatchington, Hove, England in 1938, bears the inscription "Thou hast turned my heaviness into joy". See also
Anglican Church of Kenya
Anglican Church of Tanzania
Church of Uganda
Bishop of Uganda
Saints in Anglicanism
Lake Bogoria (formerly Lake Hannington)

References

Citations

Sources

</ref>

External links
 Bishop Hannington Memorial Church, Hove, UK
 Hanningtons Caves. Trentishoe

1847 births
1885 deaths
1885 crimes
19th-century Anglican bishops in Africa
19th-century Christian saints
19th-century executions by Uganda
Alumni of St Mary Hall, Oxford
Anglican bishops of Mombasa
Anglican missionaries in Kenya
Anglican missionaries in Tanzania
Anglican missionaries in Uganda
Anglican saints
British people murdered abroad
English Anglican missionaries
English saints
Executed people from West Sussex
People executed by Buganda
People executed by stabbing
People from Hurstpierpoint
People murdered in Uganda

masks:
James Hannington
Hannington
Charles Smith Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
James
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
Hannington
James Hannington


texts:
<mask> or <mask> (Amsterdam, baptized on 9 February 1650 – Delft, buried on 8 May 1693) was a Dutch painter, draughtsman and engraver. He is mainly known for his portraits and genre pieces of elegant couples in interiors and, to a lesser extent, for his religious and mythological compositions. He was a gifted mezzotint artist. Trained in Amsterdam, <mask> spent his active professional career in Delft where he had access to powerful patrons. Life

<mask> was the son of Benjamin Jacobsz, a locksmith, and Maria Tonnes. He was baptized in the Nieuwezijds Kapel in Amsterdam on 9 February 1659. The early artist biographer Arnold Houbraken recounts that <mask> was a child prodigy, who became a self-taught artist after hurting himself while playing with darts as a child.As the injury on his heel or ankle did not heal well he was bedridden for years. To while away the time, he started to copy prints. The artist <mask> van Bronckhorst gave him high-quality prints to copy. Thus started his artistic career according to Houbraken. Subsequently <mask> studied for about half a year with <mask> Lievens (1644–1680), the son of the prominent painter <mask>. In 1672, the so-called rampjaar (disaster year), which was marked by a large-scale invasion of the Dutch Republic by French and other armies, <mask> moved from Amsterdam to Delft. Here he married Judith Voorheul in October 1672.He became a member of the Guild of St. Luke of Delft in 1673 and served as its dean between 1678 and 1688. <mask> was very successful and enjoyed the patronage of important patrons in Delft as well as the court in the Hague. As a portrait painter his only competitor in Delft was Cornelis de Man. His sons Nikolaas <mask> (Delft, 1673 – Amsterdam, 1746) and <mask> (Delft, 1683 – Amsterdam, 1755) were trained by <mask> as painters. Nikolaas had a successful career. <mask>'s other pupils included Albertus van der Burch, Joan van der Spriet, Willem Verschuring, and Thomas van der Wilt. In addition to these pupils, Houbraken also mentions Henrik Steenwinkel.<mask> died in Delft in 1693 aged 43 when he was at the peak of his fame. He was buried in the Oude Kerk (Delft). He left a wife, three sons and two daughters. Work

General

<mask> was a versatile artist who worked as a painter, draughtsman and engraver. His subject matter was mainly portraits and genre scenes. He was also a gifted mezzotint artist, who according Houbraken, discovered the technique on his own. Portrait painting
Verkolje was a prolific portrait artist who created portrait paintings, drawings, and prints.In his portrait work Verkolje was representative of the style then current in The Hague and Amsterdam rather than that in vogue in Delft. Verkolje was much in demand as a portraitist and was able to fetch high prices for his portraits. His sitters were a who's who of Delft society of his time: the famous scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (whom he portrayed on canvas and in mezzotint), the prominent lawyer and bailiff Johan de la Faille and his wife (both works are in the Wadsworth Atheneum), the vicar Cornelius van Aken, the painter <mask> van Asch, and the burgomaster and historian Dirk van Bleiswijk. Verkolje also created portrait prints of international celebrities such as Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin, King James II of England, Willem III, Prince of Orange, and his wife, Mary Stuart. Of these celebrity subjects, only the Delft naturalist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was portrayed by Verkolje in a painting (Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam) as well as in a print. His other portraits of famous persons were mezzotint engravings after the work of other artists, such as Peter Lely, Willem Wissing and Godfrey Kneller. Most of Verkolje's known portrait drawings were made as preparation for his paintings.These drawings focused either on particular facial features and expressions or on the whole composition. Genre art
At the time Verkolje was active in Delft, Gerard ter Borch was the leading genre painter working in the city. Ter Borch was known for his meticulous working method which resulted in a very low output. Like other genre painters such as Gabriel Metsu and Frans van Mieris, Verkolje took advantage of the limited supply of Ter Borch genre paintings in the market by creating works that imitated the style of, or took their inspiration from, ter Borch. Verkolje's genre paintings typically depict elegant figures in interiors engaged in music making or the playing of games. Often the protagonists are couples engaged in courtship. A dog is always present.In The messenger (1674, the Mauritshuis) Verkolje reprises the theme of the delivery of a letter, which had been treated previously by other Delft artists such as Vermeer. The Messenger shows a young couple playing backgammon in an elegant room. They have been interrupted by a regimental messenger who has entered the room to deliver a letter likely calling the young man to duty. The young couple are clearly startled by the arrival of the messenger just as is the dog in the room. The openly emotional reaction of the participants in the scene contrasts with that of the persons in Vermeer's works when receiving letters. Vermeer's figures react in a more contemplative rather than an emotional manner. Verkolje also tended to add a greater naturalness to this figures than Vermeer.The portraits of Verkolje often doubled as genre pieces in their extensive detail and the addition of emblematic and symbolic elements. This is clear in the double Distinguished Gentleman and Lady in an Interior (at Hoogsteder & Hoogsteder). The crossed trunks of the trees visible outside on the left and their intertwined crowns possible symbolise the commitment to each other of the sitters while the fountain is likely an allegory of the source of life or a reference to fertility. Prints
<mask> started engraving in 1670. The mezzotint work of <mask> shows the influence of the smoother tone developed by Abraham Blooteling. Various of his prints were made after portraits by Lely and Wissing and were printed in England even though Verkolje likely never visited England. In addition to his portrait prints, Verkolje also produced prints of mythological scenes and genre scenes, some after Jacob Ochtervelt and Hendrick Terbrugghen.A well-known mezzotint work of Verkolje is the Venus and Adonis. It was made after a painting by Verkolje the whereabouts of which is now unknown. In the work Verkolje demonstrates his mastery of the mezzotint technique for which he was much admired in his time. He was able to render the textures of the fabrics in a very realistic manner and to visualise the softness of the clouds. References

External links

1650 births
1693 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch portrait painters
Dutch genre painters
Painters from Amsterdam
Artists from Delft
Painters from Delft
Dutch Golden Age printmakers

masks:
Jan Verkolje
Johannes Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Jan Gerritsz
Jan
Jan Andrea
Jan Lievens
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Jan II
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Verkolje
Pieter Jansz
Jan Verkolje
Jan Verkolje


texts:
<mask> (12 December 1946 – 15 May 2015)  was a racing driver from Italy who participated in seven Formula One Grands Prix between 1975 and 1977, for the Williams and Shadow teams. He began in Formula Three while working with Pirelli before progressing to Formula One. He later raced in sports cars before returning to work with Pirelli, running a driving school. He is the only driver from the province of Trentino to have competed in Formula One. Career

Formula Three
The son of a miner, <mask> was born in Ziano di Fiemme, Trentino, near the Austrian border. He became an engineer with Pirelli, and began his motor racing career in 1972, driving a Tecno for Scuderia Mirabella in Italian Formula Three. He debuted at Monza on 3 September, where he failed to qualify for the final.He competed more regularly the following year, initially with a Brabham BT38C, and then with a Quasar, finishing 12th at Vallelunga, before finishing 13th at Casale with the Brabham. He then managed 10th at Misano driving a Branca, before his best result of the season, sixth place at Varano in a Brabham BT35. In 1974, he campaigned a GRD 374 for Scuderia Mirabella, with Giorgio Francia as his team-mate. With this car he began to achieve better results, starting with sixth place at Casale and fifth at Monza beating Francia, before fifth place at Monaco driving a March 743. Back in the GRD, he managed 13th at the Nürburgring in a race won by Francia, followed by fifth again at Casale and sixth at Monza. He finished tenth in the championship. For 1975, Zorzi helped to develop a Formula Three engine for Lancia, built by the Repetto company.This was fitted to his GRD 374, replacing the original Ford engine, and with the GRD-Lancia he finished third at Varano, his first podium finish. As he was still without a win in the Italian category, it was a surprise when he won the European Formula Three Monaco Grand Prix support race in May, having qualified second to Larry Perkins and won heat two by eleven seconds. In a chaotic final, he gained two places when Tony Brise and Alex Ribeiro collided in front of him, and finished second on the track, 21 seconds behind Conny Andersson. When Andersson was penalised a minute for a jump start, <mask> inherited the victory, just 0.89 seconds ahead of the Safir of Patrick Nève. Back in the Italian championship, he subsequently finished seventh at Vallelunga, and sixth at Mugello. In the European category, he achieved two sixth places at the Nürburgring and the Ring Djursland in Denmark. But his Monaco success had provided the impetus for a step towards Formula One before the end of the 1975 season.Formula One: Williams
Later in 1975, <mask> arranged a deal with Frank Williams to drive one of his cars at the Italian Grand Prix. The Williams team was struggling at this time, and were using pay drivers to race the ageing FW03 which had failed to score any points so far that season. He qualified the car 22nd of the 28 entrants, just 0.71 seconds slower than his team-mate Jacques Laffite in the newer FW04. Running as high as 12th in the race, he was delayed by a puncture and finished 14th and last, six laps adrift of winner Clay Regazzoni. This was the last race for the car before Williams sold it to Loris Kessel. The arrangement continued at the first race of 1976, the Brazilian Grand Prix, although the team was now 60% owned by Walter Wolf and renamed Wolf-Williams. <mask> drove the FW04 while new team-mate Jacky Ickx drove the new FW05.<mask> qualified 17th of the 22 entrants, outqualifying 19th placed Ickx. He finished ninth of 14 classified finishers, just 2.44 seconds behind Ickx. However, his sponsorship money had run out and his time with Williams came to an end as he was replaced by Michel Leclère. For the rest of 1976, <mask> returned to Formula Three with the Modus team, and also raced sports cars. Among other results in the 1976 World Championship for Makes, he finished eighth in the 1976 6 Hours of Vallelunga in a Jolly Club-entered Lancia Stratos. 1977: <mask> returned to Formula One in 1977 with the Shadow team as team-mate to the highly-rated Welsh driver Tom Pryce, backed by their Italian sponsor Franco Ambrosio. Ambrosio demanded an Italian driver as part of the agreement for his financial support, and <mask> was chosen for this reason rather than through the choice of the team.At the first race in Argentina, driving the team's older DN5B, he qualified last of the 21 entrants, and climbed to 18th at the start before retiring on lap three with a gearbox failure. At the next race in Brazil, <mask> qualified 18th and in a race of attrition, finished sixth of the seven finishers, winning his only World Championship point in only his fourth Grand Prix. Pryce had been running second in the race behind eventual winner Carlos Reutemann, when his engine failed with seven laps remaining. However, tragedy struck in the following race in South Africa. Driving the team's new DN8, <mask> qualified 20th, and was running near the back of the field when he pulled off the track with a fuel leak caused by a broken metering unit. As he tried to detach the oxygen pipe from his helmet before getting out of the car, a fire erupted at the rear. Zorzi quickly got out of the car and activated his on-board fire extinguisher which doused the flames.Several seconds later, although the fire was out, two marshals ran across the track with hand-held fire extinguishers. Crossing the track just beyond a blind brow, the first marshal narrowly avoided the passing cars but the second marshal, Frederick Jansen Van Vuuren, was struck and killed by the car of Zorzi's teammate Pryce. Van Vuuren's fire extinguisher struck Pryce on his helmet, causing fatal head and neck injuries. The British press and some in the Shadow team blamed <mask> for the tragedy, suggesting his agitation in the cockpit trying to remove his oxygen pipe prompted the marshals to cross the track, believing Zorzi needed assistance. Pryce was replaced by future World Champion Alan Jones, who outperformed <mask> at the following two races. At Long Beach, Zorzi qualified 20th and retired with a gearbox failure, and in Spain he qualified 24th and retired with an engine failure. When <mask> arrived in Monaco for the 1977 Monaco Grand Prix, he found that his car had Riccardo Patrese's name on it, and that he had been replaced by Patrese, another Ambrosio protege, without being informed.Later career
After his Formula One career was over, <mask> occasionally raced in sports cars, mainly in Italy. He was a regular entrant to the 1000 km Monza race, winning it in 1979 in a Lola T286 with Marco Capoferri. The following year, he qualified on pole position in the Capoferri-Ford he shared with Claudio Francisci, also claiming fastest lap before the car retired. His last appearance in the event came in 1985, when the Porsche 956 he shared with Oscar Larrauri and Massimo Sigala for Brun Motorsport finished sixth. <mask> also had a one-off appearance in the Aurora AFX F1 championship in 1980, driving an Arrows A1 for Charles Clowes Racing in the Monza Lottery GP. He qualified eighth but retired after a collision. After retiring from racing, he returned to work for Pirelli, running a driving school for the company at Binetto in southern Italy.<mask> died on 15 May 2015, aged 68, in hospital in Magenta, Lombardy after a long illness. His funeral took place on 18 May in his birthplace of Ziano. He was survived by a son, Andrea. Racing record

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete British Formula One Championship results
(key)

References

1946 births
2015 deaths
People from Trentino
Italian racing drivers
Italian Formula One drivers
Williams Formula One drivers
Shadow Formula One drivers
British Formula One Championship drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers

masks:
Renzo Zorzi
Renzo Zorzi
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Shadow Zorzi
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<mask> (Arabic: تمام حسان) (1918-2011) was an academic in the field of Arabic linguistics. Education and career
<mask> was born in 1918 in the Upper Egyptian village of ElKarank. In 1929 <mask> completed memorizing the Qur’an. The following year he moved to Cairo to attend Al-Azhar primary-school institute. He graduated from Al-Azhar high-school institute in 1939. He attended Dar Al-Ulom College, where he majored in Arabic Language and graduated in 1943 with an associate degree. He then continued to study education and psychology at Dar Al-Ulom College, graduating in 1945 (first honor award) with his teaching license.The following year he moved to London to learn English and finish his graduate studies. <mask> graduated from the University College London (UCL) in 1949 with his master in phonetics. His graduate thesis topic was The Phonetics of "ElKarank" Dialect (Upper Egypt). <mask> graduated in 1952 from the University College of London with his PhD in phonetics. His dissertation was titled, The Phonetics and Phonology of Aden Arabic (South Arabia). Following the completion of his studies, he traveled to Aden for six months to record the local dialect. The phonological model which he followed was prosodic analysis associated with the British linguists J.R.Firth.<mask> began his career as a teacher of Arabic at a high school in Cairo in 1945. The following year he became a teaching assistant in Arabic, at Dar Al-Ulom College in Cairo. He maintained this position until traveling to London to continue his studies. In 1952 <mask> became an associate professor of Oriental and Semitic Linguistic Studies. He published his first major work in 1955, Language Research Methods, an introductory work which established the use of descriptive method to analyze Fusha, classical Arabic. In 1956 <mask> became a volunteer officer in the Egyptian army during the British, French, and Israeli attack against Egypt. After the war in 1957, <mask> received a delegation for two months at the University of Michigan as part of the Fulbright Program.While in Michigan, he was trained to use modern devices for phonetics labs. He brought equipment with him to Egypt where he established the phonetics lab at the University of Cairo (Alarif, 2002). <mask> became a cultural attaché at the Egyptian Embassy to Lagos, Nigeria for five years where he linked the educational relations between the private Islamic educational organizations and Egypt. As a result of his connections to the Embassy, <mask> brought many Egyptian teachers to teach in Nigeria. While still in Nigeria in 1964, <mask> was promoted to full professor. The following year he returned to Egypt where he was appointed as the Chair of Arabic Syntax and morphology department and also as the Vice Dean of Dar Al-Ulom College. In 1967 <mask> became a professor at the University of Khartoum for three years, where he established the department of Linguistic Studies.In 1972 he became the Dean of Dar Al-Ulom College where he was the general secretary of the Arabic language committee which is part of the highest council for the Egyptian universities. In the same year <mask> founded the Egyptian Linguistics Assembly. In 1973 he became a professor at Mohammed V University in Morocco where he lived for six years. During the 1880s he became a professor at the Arabic for Non Native Speakers Institute, Umm al-Qura University in Mecca, Saudi Arabia for 16 years. There he founded the Educational Linguistics Department that teaches students to work as Arabic teachers for non-native speakers. In 1996 <mask> returned to Egypt to be an emeritus professor at Dar Al-Ulom College where he was active in the linguistic field in many ways until his death. He died on 11 October 2011 in Cairo.Major contributions to Arabic linguistics

After studying under Firth as part of the London School, <mask> became the first linguist to study the phonetics and the phonology systems of Arabic based on modern linguistic methods. This work resulted in his influential text, Language Research Methods. <mask> was also the first Arab linguist to study the root morphology of Arabic words based on the main sounds of a given word rather than the gerund or the past tense form which had been the tradition of his predecessors. <mask> also established a theory on the Arabic dictionary based on vocabulary correlations. He was the first to categorize the Arabic parts of speech into seven parts rather than three which is the common traditional system of Arabic. Basically he used the function of the entities within the context to establish this system in his book, Arabic: its Meaning and Syntax. <mask> was also the first linguist who decided to analyze the Arabic verb tense in two dimensions: syntactic tense and contextual tense, evidence of Firth's influence on <mask>'s work.Scholarship

In 1973 <mask> published Arabic: its Meaning and Syntax. Translations
<mask> translated the following works into Arabic:
1975 How Greek science passed to the Arabs by De Lacy O’Leary
1958 The Scientific Effect on Society by Bertrand Arthur William Russell
1959 Language and Society by Morris Lewis
1997 Arabic Thought and its place in History by De Lacy O’Leary
1998 Text, Discourse, and Function by Robert de Beaugrande

Awards

His awards include:

Al Basir Family International Prize, Saudi Arabia 1984
Saddam Hussein Arabic Prize, Iraq 1987
King Faisal International Prize, Saudi Arabia 2006
The International Conference of Arabic and Humanity, Morocco 2008

References

Abdulaziz, M. (2000). "Linguistics and terminology in Arabic". Al-Azhar Arabic Journal, 19-35
Abdulfattah, M. <mask> <mask>: a Model for the Real Scholars. (2007)
Alarif, A. (2002). <mask> <mask>: a pioneer linguist.Cairo, Egypt: Dar Alam Alkutub Press
Asher, R.E. (1994). "Firth and the London school". In The encyclopedia of language and linguistics (Vol. 3, pp. 1257–1259). Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd
<mask>, T. (1984).Arabic: its meaning and syntax. Cairo, Egypt: Dar Alshurouk Press
Ramadhan, N. (2009). "<mask> <mask> and his influence in Morocco". Lughatu Aldhad Journal, 13-15
Reid, D. M. (1987). "Cairo University and the orientalists". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 19 (1), 51-75
Strazny, P. (2005)."Arabic". In Encyclopedia of linguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 74–77). Oxon, UK: Taylor & Francis Books, Inc
Suez-Canal. (n.d.) Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved from: http://www.britannica.com

1918 births
2011 deaths
Egyptian scholars
Alumni of University College London
Academics of University College London
Umm al-Qura University faculty
University of Khartoum faculty

masks:
Tammam Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
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Hassan
Hassan
Hassan
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Tammam
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<mask> (September 13, 1925 – April 6, 2003) was an American investor, mutual fund manager, and philanthropist. Early life and education
Born to a Jewish family, <mask> attended Townsend Harris High School and studied psychology at City College of New York. After serving in the U.S. Army, he began working as a research analyst. He was strongly influenced in his business approach by his father, <mask>, an economist and business executive who emphasized the role corporate profits play in charting the economy's direction. Investment career
In 1956 he became a partner of Oppenheimer & Co. Inc, then in 1959 <mask> co-founded the Oppenheimer mutual funds. There he started dozens of mutual funds that, at his death, had grown to manage more than $120 billion. In 1982, he sold both companies to the U.K.'s Mercantile House for $162 million and co-founded Odyssey Partners, a private investment partnership.It grew to be a $3 billion hedge fund before it was dissolved in 1997. Wealth and philanthropy
In 1986, to honor his father, he founded the Jerome Levy Economics Institute, now the Levy Institute, at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The Levy Institute has established itself as a sponsor of extensive work in Keynesian and post-Keynesian economics. In the last year of his life, <mask> commuted up the Hudson River from New York City to teach a class at the Levy Institute, "Contemporary Developments in Finance", in which he focused on his belief that investing is as much a psychological as it is an economic act. When he died in his late seventies, <mask> was estimated to be worth a billion dollars, though his personal wealth might have been substantially higher were it not for his philanthropic interests. <mask>'s philanthropy began in the 1950s, when he established the Jerome Levy Foundation, which still exists, giving grants to human rights and land preservation organizations. His donations grew steadily, and during his lifetime, <mask> and his wife, Shelby White, gave away more than $200 million, becoming well known for their philanthropic efforts.They donated $20 million to the Metropolitan Museum of Art for the construction of the <mask> Levy and Shelby White Court, a gallery hosting the largest selection of Hellenistic and Roman artwork ever exhibited at that museum. The gallery included a number of pieces from <mask> and White's substantial art collection, which also includes art from the Near East. Between 1997 and 2003, <mask> and White donated nearly $5 million to 107 scholars for the publication of archaeological excavations that had been completed but never published. The projects funded by their program, the Shelby White-<mask> Levy Program for Archaeological Publications, include excavations at some of the highest profile archaeological sites throughout Greece and the Middle East, including Knossos, Aphrodisias, Kition, Ras Shamra, Sarepta, Mt. Gerizim, Ekron, Lachish, Megiddo, Jerusalem, Pella, Jerash, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Assur, Nineveh, Nuzi, and Tepe Hissar. They also funded the <mask> Levy Expedition at Ashkelon, Israel; created the Leon Levy Visitor Center at the New York Botanical Garden; and financed the Shelby White and Leon Levy Center for Mind Brain and Behavior at Rockefeller University, where <mask> was a member of the Board. <mask> also served as President of the Board of the Institute for Advanced Study, Vice Chairman of the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University, and was a director of Bard College, and many other not-for-profit boards.The Leon Levy Foundation and Shelby White, as Chairman of the Friends of the Israel Antiquities Authority, provided the funds for conserving the extraordinarily well-preserved Lod Mosaic and established the Shelby White and Leon Levy Lod Mosaic Archaeological Center, which will house the mosaic once it returns from its 2010-2016 international exhibition tour. After his death in 2003, <mask>'s philanthropy was continued through the Leon Levy Foundation, and one of its earliest initiatives was the fulfillment of that plan. In spring, 2006, the Leon Levy Foundation pledged $200 million to New York University for the creation of the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, a center for advanced scholarly research and graduate education, intended to cultivate cross-cultural study of the ancient world, from the western Mediterranean to China. Antiquities controversy
The donation created controversy among some academics who believe that collectors of antiquities encourage the looting of ancient sites. In their 2006 book The Medici Conspiracy: The Illicit Journey of Looted Antiquities – From Italy's Tomb Raiders to the World's Greatest Museums, Peter Watson and Cecelia Todeschini lay out the dynamics of the illegal trade in antiquities and use <mask> and Shelby White as an example of collectors whose purchases may have led to unethical dealing in artifacts. One NYU professor, Randall White, resigned from NYU's existing Center for Ancient Studies – which is independent of the new Institute for the Study of the Ancient World – saying that he opposed the acceptance of a donation from a foundation whose benefactor had sometimes been associated with such questionable practices and trafficking. Several scholars outside NYU, notably from Bryn Mawr College, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Cincinnati, also commented negatively on NYU's acceptance of the gift.Many other scholars, however, supported the institute and the gift. Professor James McCredie, of the Institute of Fine Arts, NYU's graduate teaching and advanced research center for art history, wrote a letter to Provost David McLaughlin endorsing the project. It was signed by IFA's seven professors of ancient art and architecture, and the controversy soon died out. Legacy and awards
In 2008, he was inducted into Institutional Investors Alpha's Hedge Fund Manager Hall of Fame along with Alfred Jones, Bruce Kovner, David Swensen, George Soros, Jack Nash, James Simons, Julian Roberston, Kenneth Griffin, Louis Bacon, Michael Steinhardt, Paul Tudor Jones, Seth Klarman and Steven A. Cohen. Publications and works
In 2002, <mask> published a memoir, written with Eugene Linden, called The Mind of Wall Street: A Legendary Financier on the Perils of Greed and the Mysteries of the Market (Perseus Book Group). See also
 List of City College of New York alumni

References

External links
Leon Levy Foundation website
Levy Economics Institute of Bard College
The Shelby White-<mask> Levy Program for Archaeological Publications
Forbes.com: Forbes 400 Richest in America 2002
"Challenge: How vulnerable is Wall Street? ", <mask> interview, Nov-Dec, 1998

1925 births
2003 deaths
Jewish American bankers
Jewish American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Queens, New York
American bankers
American billionaires
City College of New York alumni
Art and cultural repatriation
Townsend Harris High School alumni
Philanthropists from New York (state)
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Leon Levy
Levy
Jerome Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Levy
Leon
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Leon
Leon
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Leon Levy
Levy
Leon
Leon Levy