texts:
<mask> (born November 2, 1979) is an American retired professional wrestler better known by his ring names Domino and <mask>. He is known for his work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Before being promoted to the main WWE roster, <mask> was assigned to WWE's developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in Louisville, Kentucky in 2005. While situated at OVW, he wrestled under the name Dice Domino and was placed in tag team competition, alongside Deuce Shade. Together, the pair won the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship on three occasions. It was also during this time that he and Deuce, alongside their manager Cherry, were known as "The Throw-Backs" and later as "The Untouchables". The team's name was changed to Deuce 'n Domino for their main roster debut in January 2007, as part of the SmackDown!brand. Three months later, Deuce 'n Domino went on to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. The team lost the title in August 2007. The group disbanded in June 2008, after a series of losses. After the split, <mask> played an enhancement talent on SmackDown!. Following his release from WWE in August 2008, he resumed wrestling on the independent circuit. Professional wrestling career

Early career
<mask> began his professional wrestling career after being trained in Larry Sharpe's Monster Factory.<mask> became a regular for World Xtreme Wrestling, where he formed a tag team with Jake Bishop, known as Double Threat. On July 11, 2003, the duo won the WXW Tag Team Championship. He also wrestled a dark match for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. World Wrestling Entertainment

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2005–2007)
On September 26, 2005, <mask> was defeated by Danny Basham in a dark match prior to WWE Raw and was soon signed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Upon signing with WWE, <mask> was sent to the Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) developmental territory. After four months at OVW, <mask> began working as "Dice Domino", teaming with Deuce Shade under the management of his storyline sister Cherry Pie, using a 1950s greaser in-ring persona, forming the faction "The Throw-Backs". During their time together they underwent an image change, including changing the group's name to "The Untouchables" and dropping Dice, Shade, and Pie from their respective names.On March 19, the team would become OVW Southern Tag Team Champions after Deuce defeated The Miz in a singles match after Miz's partner, Chris Cage, left the organization and forced The Miz to defend the title on his own. The Untouchables lost their titles on April 5, in a three-way match to Roadkill and Kasey James, which also involved Kenny and Mikey of The Spirit Squad. The group soon began a scripted rivalry with the team of CM Punk and Seth Skyfire before later engaging into a long and heated rivalry with Shawn Spears and Cody Runnels, which even saw Cherry leave The Untouchables to side with Spears and Runnels briefly before betraying them. The feud culminated in a street fight between the two teams, with Spears and Runnels winning the match. The Untouchables won the OVW Tag Team Title another two times, as well as the DSW Tag Team Championship once in October 2006, before being called up to the main WWE roster in January 2007. SmackDown! (2007–2008)

In their first match with WWE, where they debuted on the SmackDown!brand, the team's name was changed again, this time to "Deuce 'n Domino". They debuted on the January 19, 2007, episode, where they were placed in a tag team match, in which Deuce 'n Domino won. On the February 2 episode of SmackDown!, the team defeated the then-WWE Tag Team Champions Paul London and Brian Kendrick in a non-title match. Deuce 'n Domino faced London and Kendrick in a WWE Tag Team Championship match at February's pay-per-view event, No Way Out. At the event, they lost when Kendrick pinned Deuce via a roll-up. On the April 20 episode of SmackDown!, they defeated London and Kendrick for the WWE Tag Team Championship when London was, in storyline, injured after missing a moonsault to the outside. Kendrick was left to defend the title by himself, and was pinned after being hit with the West Side Stomp, a finishing move performed by Deuce 'n Domino.Three weeks later, London and Kendrick competed against William Regal and Dave Taylor. Deuce 'n Domino interfered, causing Regal and Taylor to be disqualified. This made both teams number one contenders leading to a triple threat tag team match the following week where Deuce 'n Domino retained the tag title. During a tag team match with Cryme Tyme (Shad Gaspard and Jayson Paul) in late June, Domino suffered an injury, which was diagnosed as a broken nose and a possible broken orbital bone socket in his eye. The injury kept him out of the ring for a month. After coming back from his injury, Deuce 'n Domino engaged in short rivalries with Batista and Ric Flair. On the August 31 episode of SmackDown!, he and Deuce lost their tag team championship to Matt Hardy and the reigning United States Champion Montel Vontavious Porter.During the last few months of 2007, Deuce 'n Domino had short  rivalries with Hardy and MVP, Jimmy Wang Yang and Shannon Moore, Jesse and Festus, and Finlay and Hornswoggle. At the beginning of 2008, the team suffered a series of losses. At WrestleMania XXIV in March, Deuce and Domino competed as singles competitors in a 24-man Interpromotional Battle Royal, in which the winner would face then ECW Champion Chavo Guerrero later that night; however, neither was able to win the match. On the May 23 episode of SmackDown, Deuce 'n Domino parted ways with Cherry; WWE Diva Maryse would take over as the team's on-screen manager. On the June 20, 2008, episode of SmackDown, following a loss to Jesse and Festus, their second straight loss in two weeks, Deuce and Domino fought after the match, ending with Deuce laying out Domino with the Crack 'em in da Mouth. Deuce then threw his jacket over Domino, dissolving their partnership. The split was then further cemented when Deuce was drafted to the Raw brand as part of the 2008 WWE Supplemental Draft.Following the draft, Domino was predominantly featured as an enhancement talent on SmackDown weekly. Domino's last television appearance was on the August 1 episode of SmackDown, when he suffered a loss to The Big Show. <mask> was then released from his WWE contract on August 8, 2008. Florida Championship Wrestling (2010)
In 2010, <mask> returned to WWE and was sent to Florida Championship Wrestling where he wrestled under his real name of <mask>. His first match came on February 18, where he took on the FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion Justin Gabriel but would lose via DQ. Later in the night, <mask> and Wade Barrett lost to Gabriel and Michael Tarver. He would go on to have one more match before leaving WWE.Return to OVW (2010–2014)

<mask> returned to Ohio Valley Wrestling in September 2010, using the ring name "Mr. Media" <mask>. After a four-month undefeated streak, on January 8, 2011, <mask> defeated then–champion "Low Rider" Matt Barela and Mike Mondo in a three-way match to win the OVW Heavyweight Championship for the first time. Two months later on March 5, the three faced off for the championship again, this time in a ladder match, which Mondo won. During the match, <mask> suffered a broken ankle, torn ligaments, and a strained calf muscle. <mask> regained the OVW Heavyweight Championship on May 14, when he defeated Mondo in a Brass Knuckles on a Pole match for the vacant championship. He lost the title to Elvis Pridemoore, following interference from Mondo, just eleven days later. On January 25, <mask>'s profile was removed from OVW's website, signalling his departure from the company.On May 12, 2012, <mask> returned to OVW in a dark match with Mike Mondo going up against Raphael Constantine and Sean Casey. On May 31, <mask> wrestled a tryout dark match for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), losing to Crimson. On October 17, <mask> won the OVW Television Championship from Alex Silva. He held the championship for three weeks, before it was vacated due to <mask> suffering an injury. Following his return from injury, he defeated Jamin Olivencia to regain the championship on January 5, 2013. Following a two-month reign, he lost the championship to Rockstar Spud on March 13. <mask> returned to OVW again on September 3, 2014, declaring his intention to win the OVW Heavyweight Championship again.On October 4, <mask> won his third OVW Heavyweight Championship after pinning Marcus Anthony in a three-way match, also involving champion Melvin Maximus. However, he lost the title two months later, while being injured, against Adam Revolver. Ring of Honor and retirement (2013–2018)

On March 2, 2013, <mask> made his debut for Ring of Honor (ROH) at their 11th Anniversary Show iPPV, where he, Jimmy Rave, Matt Hardy and Rhett Titus, revealed themselves as the newest members of S.C.U.M. by attacking numerous members of the ROH roster following the main event, joining Kevin Steen, Jimmy Jacobs, Rhino and Steve Corino as members of the group. After Steen lost the ROH World Championship, <mask> and the rest of S.C.U.M turned on Steen and made Steve Corino the new leader. At Best in the World 2013, <mask> and Rhett Titus lost a three-way tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship. On June 23, S.C.U.M.was forced to disband after being defeated by Team ROH in a Steel Cage Warfare match. <mask> returned to ROH in early 2014, feuding with Steen. <mask> repeatedly attacked Steen on shows leading up to the 12th Anniversary Show. He lost to Steen in an Unsanctioned Street Fight at the 12th Anniversary Show, in which he suffered a concussion. In May, <mask> and Steen found common enemies and defeated Eddie Kingston and Homicide in a Charm City Street Fight. Almost one year later, March 14, 2015, <mask> returned to challenge Jay Lethal for a chance to earn a shot at the ROH World Television Championship on the spot. Lethal defeated <mask> in a Chicago Street Match to retain the title.In 2018, <mask> announced his retirement from professional wrestling. Other media
In March 2014, <mask> and Colt Cabana appeared in a commercial for KFC. In April 2014, a documentary titled, The Wrestling Road Diaries Too featuring <mask>, Colt Cabana and Drew Hankinson, was released on DVD. <mask> was the latest guest on The Kevin Steen Show, released in July 2014. Championships and accomplishments

 Deep South Wrestling
 DSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Deuce Shade
NWA Southern All-Star Wrestling
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Ohio Valley Wrestling
 OVW Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Deuce Shade
 OVW Television Championship (2 times)
 Ninth OVW Triple Crown Champion
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 169 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
 World Wrestling Entertainment
 WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Deuce
 World Xtreme Wrestling
 WXW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jake Bishop

References

External links

1979 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Long Island
Professional wrestlers from New York (state)

masks:
Clifford Treiber
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
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Compton
Cliff


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born February 27, 1934) is a Kiowa novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. His novel House Made of Dawn was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969, and is considered the first major work of the Native American Renaissance. His follow-up work The Way to Rainy Mountain blends folklore with memoir. Momaday received the National Medal of Arts in 2007 for his work's celebration and preservation of indigenous oral and art tradition. He holds twenty honorary degrees from colleges and universities, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Background
<mask> was born on February 27, 1934 in Lawton, Oklahoma. He was delivered in the Kiowa and Comanche Indian Hospital, registered as having seven-eighths Indian blood.N<mask> <mask>'s mother was Mayme '<mask>' <mask> (1913–1996), who claimed to be of partial Cherokee descent, born in Fairview, Kentucky, while his father was Alfred Morris <mask>, who was a full-blooded Kiowa. His mother was a writer and his father a painter. In 1935, when N<mask> Momaday was one year old, his family moved to Arizona, where both his father and mother became teachers on the reservation. Growing up in Arizona allowed Momaday to experience not only his father’s Kiowa traditions but also those of other southwest Native Americans including the Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo traditions. In 1946, a twelve-year-old Momaday moved to Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, living there with his parents until his senior year of high school. After high school, Momaday attended the University of New Mexico, graduating in 1958 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. He continued his education at Stanford University where, in 1963, he was awarded a Ph.D. in English Literature.Literary career
<mask>'s first book, The Complete Poems of Frederick Goddard Tuckerman based on his dissertation, was published in 1965. His novel House Made of Dawn led to the breakthrough of Native American literature into the American mainstream after the novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969. House Made of Dawn was the first novel of the Native American Renaissance, a term coined by literary critic Kenneth Lincoln in the Native American Renaissance. The work remains a classic of Native American literature. As other indigenous American writers began to gain recognition, Momaday turned to poetry, releasing a small collection called Angle of Geese. Writing for The Southern Review, John Finlay described it as Momaday's best work, and that it should "earn him a permanent place in our literature." The poems in Angle of Geese were later included in an expanded collection, The Gourd Dancer (1976), which also included passages excised from The Way to Rainy Mountain.Most of Momaday's subsequent work has blended poetry and prose. In 2007, Momaday returned to live in Oklahoma for the first time since his childhood. Though initially for his wife's cancer treatment, Momaday's relocation coincided with the state's centennial, and Governor Brad Henry appointed him as the sixteenth Oklahoma Poet Laureate, succeeding Nimrod International Journal editor Francine Leffler Ringold. Momaday held the position for two years. Academic career
Momaday is tenured at Stanford University, the University of Arizona, the University of California-Berkeley, and the University of California-Santa Barbara. Momaday has been a visiting professor at places such as Columbia and Princeton, while also being the first professor to teach American Literature in Moscow, Russia at Moscow State University. In 1963, Momaday began teaching at the University of California-Santa Barbara as an assistant professor of English.From 1966-1967, he focused primarily on literary research, leading him to pursue the Guggenheim Fellowship at Harvard University. Two years later, in 1969, Momaday was named Professor of English at the University of California-Berkeley. Momaday taught creative writing, and produced a new curriculum based on American Indian literature and mythology. During the 35-plus years of Momaday’s academic career, he built up a reputation specializing in American Indian oral traditions and sacred concepts of the culture itself. The many years of schooling and teaching are evidence of Momaday’s academic success, resulting in 12 honorary degrees from several American universities. He was a Visiting Professor at the University of New Mexico during the 2014-15 academic year to teach in the Creative Writing and American Literary Studies Programs in the Department of English. Specializing in poetry and the Native oral tradition, he taught The Native American Oral Tradition.Bibliography
The Journey of Tai-me (1967), folklore
House Made of Dawn (1968), novel
The Way to Rainy Mountain (1969) (illustrated by his father, Alfred Momaday), folklore
Angle of Geese (1974), poetry chapbook
The Gourd Dancer (1976), poetry
The Names: A Memoir (1976), memoir
The Ancient Child (1989), novel
In the Presence of the Sun (1992), stories and poetry
The Native Americans: Indian County (1993)
The Indolent Boys (Play) Premiered on the Syracuse Stage during the 1993-94 season. Circle of Wonder: A Native American Christmas Story (1994), children's book
The Man Made of Words: Essays, Stories, Passages (1997), stories and essays
In the Bear's House (1999), mixed media
Four Arrows & Magpie: A Kiowa Story (2006), children's book
Three Plays: The Indolent Boys, Children of the Sun, and The Moon in Two Windows (2007), plays
Again the Far Morning: New and Selected Poems (2011), poetry
The Death of Sitting Bear (2020), poetry
Earth Keeper: Reflections on the American Land (2020), poetry

Awards
In 1969, Momaday won the Pulitzer Prize for his novel "House Made of Dawn" (Pulitzer.org). Momaday was featured in the Ken Burns and Stephen Ives documentary, The West (1996), for his masterful retelling of Kiowa history and legend. He was also featured in PBS documentaries concerning boarding schools, Billy the Kid, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Momaday was honored as the Oklahoma Centennial Poet Laureate

In 1992, Momaday received the first Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers' Circle of the Americas. In 1993, Momaday received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. In 2000, Momaday received the St. Louis Literary Award from the Saint Louis University Library Associates.Awarded a National Medal of Arts in 2007 by President George W. Bush. Momaday received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Illinois at Chicago on May 9, 2010. In 2018, Momaday won a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards, the only juried prize to honor the best books addressing racism and questions of equity and diversity. The same year, Momaday became one of the inductees in the first induction ceremony held by the National Native American Hall of Fame. In 2019, Momaday was awarded the Ken Burns American Heritage Prize. In 2019 Momaday received the Richard C. Holbrooke Distinguished Achievement Award of the Dayton Literary Peace Prize. Recent activities
Momaday is the founder of the Rainy Mountain Foundation and Buffalo Trust, a nonprofit organization working to preserve Native American cultures.Momaday, a known watercolor painter, designed and illustrated the book, In the Bear's House. See also

Poets Laureate of Oklahoma
List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
Native American Renaissance
Native American Studies

Notes

External links

 N. <mask>y: Words from a Bear, 2019 PBS documentary
 Western American Literature Journal: N. <mask>y
 N<mask> Momaday from the Modern American Poetry site
 The Buffalo Trust - Momaday's non-profit charitable foundation
 Perspectives in American Literature - Momaday Bibliography
 Interview with Momaday at modernamericanpoetry.org
  Article about Momaday's selection as Poet Laureate of Oklahoma
 "N. <mask>y" by <mask> Trimble in the Western Writers Series Digital Editions
 Voices of Oklahoma interview with N. <mask>y. First person interview conducted on December 21, 2010, with N. <mask>y. Native paths: American Indian art from the collection of Charles and Valerie Diker, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains an essay by N. <mask> (see table of contents)
N. <mask>y Papers .Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1934 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American people of Cherokee descent
Kiowa people
Native American novelists
People from Lawton, Oklahoma
Postmodern writers
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
Native American essayists
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Male essayists
20th-century essayists
21st-century essayists
Poets Laureate of Oklahoma
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Oklahoma
People from Jemez Springs, New Mexico
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Navarre Scott Momaday
Navarre Scott Momaday
. Scott
Momaday
Natachee
Scott Momaday
Momaday
. Scott
Momaday
Scott Momada
Scott Momada
. Scott
Scott Momada
Martha Scott
Scott Momada
Scott Momada
Scott Momaday
Scott Momada


texts:
<mask> is an English filmmaker, artist and animator. His films have been shown at film festivals around the world including Cannes Film Festival, New York Film Festival, San Francisco Film Festival and the London Film Festival. His feature film The Fallen Word premiered at the BFI Southbank in 2013. Influential in motion graphics,particularly in kinetic typography, <mask>'s work has been featured at Tate Modern, The Barbican Centre and the Institute of Contemporary Arts. Film career
Following his graduation from St Martins School of Art in 1988, <mask>'s student film Amore Baciami - set to a 50s Italian pop song sung by Nuccia Bongiovanni - received much critical acclaim. The film featured animated typography closely syncopated with the voice, a technique that would come to characterize <mask>'s work; described as 'the beautiful precise and unparalleled marriage of sound and picture'. <mask> later said of Amore Baciami:

When David Puttnam introduced Amore Baciami on Thames TV's First Run he said of the film: 'I think it's quite brilliant'.Nominated for 'Best Animated Film' and 'Best Student Film' in the 1988 British Animation Awards, Amore Baciami was shown around the world in festivals including Hong Kong International Film Festival and the Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation in Los Angeles. Excerpts of the film were also shown on MTV's Liquid Television in the US. Amore Baciami was bought by the advertising agency DMB&B. Part of the film was adapted for a long 90 second commercial called Letters of Love - a national campaign for The Royal Mail (Valentine's Day 1989). This cut down version of the film went on to win a Gold Lion at Cannes, a Gold Arrow at the British Television Advertising Awards, a D&AD Pencil and the Epica d'Or. Following this success, <mask> was commissioned in 1992 to shoot the titles for Merchant Ivory's film Howards End which subsequently won a host of Oscars . The same year, <mask> signed up with Acme Filmworks in Hollywood and continued to make commercials throughout the 1990s, creating spots for Nike, Inc., Marie Claire, P&O Ferries, The Independent newspaper, Molson Beer, Toyota, IBD and MTV to name a few.<mask>'s Toyota Rav 4 commercial, an experimental shoot combining motion control footage with live action, became 'Top spot of the Week' in Shoot magazine in 1996. Despite his flourishing advertising career, <mask> was keen to continue making his own films. In a departure from his rostrum-based animation he chose to make his next film using a motion control rig. Spirit of Place (1992) was one the first films to take advantage of the relatively new technology, picking up an award at Cork Film Festival for its 35mm cinematography (D.O.P Doug Foster). Later - in 2015 - Spirit of Place featured in the Institute of Contemporary Arts' exhibition: Poetry FIlm Parallax curated by Zata Banks. In 2016 the exhibition was invited by the Bauhaus Film-Institut to play at the Backup Film Festival in Weimar. Love is All (2000), a 'three-minute epic' notable for its use of multiple exposures, was shot on 35mm film using a 1917 Bell and Howell camera.The film was shown in over 70 festivals around the world and was selected for the Cannes Film Festival Director's Fortnight in 2000, also receiving the Jury Prize at the New York Expo of Short Films and the Jury prize at the Oberhausen Film Festival. The film went on general release in cinemas with various films in 2000; Time Out described Love is All as 'an ineffable sweet ode d’amour'. The film was screened at Tate Modern London has part of Thresholds of the Frame and was featured in the Barbican Centre exhibition: Passionate Obsessions. Apocalypse Rhyme (2012) was commissioned by Channel 4's Random Acts and produced by Animate Projects in conjunction with Lupus Films. It was <mask>'s first animated film using After Effects. Described by Lucy Felbusch as 'devastating and beautiful' in Savage, the film was also featured in the Italian magazine Artribune  and listed in the Creative Bloc 'must see examples of kinetic typography'.The film went on to win Best Motion Graphics in the British Animation Awards 2014. The Fallen Word (2013) was written and directed by <mask> and his first feature-length film.Described as 'a sinister fairy-tale', it starred Julian Bleach, Steve Smith, Will Strange, Jim Conway, Emma Hill, Dominic Cazenove and Gavin Molly. The film premiered at The BFI Southbank in May 2013, coinciding with the release of The Fallen Word and Collected Films DVD, which was published by Animate Projects and funded by Arts Council England. Jordan Mooney, writing in The Cat on the Wall, said of the film: ' His work has a quality that carries the unusual themes and fantastical elements that reminds one irresistibly of Kubrick'. <mask> was commissioned by the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam to animate a series of short films for the opera Dream of the Song written by Sir George Benjamin and featuring the celebrated countertenor Bejun Mehta. The films were projected live behind the orchestra in two performances in January 2019. <mask> is currently working on a new animated short film called Aria due to be finished in 2023. Early music career
<mask> played drums with the punk band Satan's Rats from Evesham and, at the age of 17, signed a record contract with DJM Records.The band released three singles, their third, "You Make me Sick", was produced by Dr Feelgood producer Vic Maile. Satan's Rats played in The Roxy in London and various clubs across the country, including Barbarella's in Birmingham. On 18 December 1977, they supported The Sex Pistols at their second gig at the Wolverhampton Lafayette Club, as part of the infamous Spots tour. Satan's Rats also played a one-off gig in HM Prison Long Lartin, where the band met John McVicar who was helping with the equipment. In 1979, the band changed its name to The Photos and were joined by singer Wendy Wu. At the end of a bidding war the band ended up signing to CBS in 1980. It was the biggest record deal for an unknown band at that time.The Photos spent much of the time gigging, playing in the early days with The Adverts, The Cure, John Cooper Clarke and The Fall and later toured the UK supporting The Undertones and Squeeze. Once, at The Marquee in Wardour Street on 13 July 1980, they were supported by an unknown up and coming Irish group called U2. Later Jools Holland and the Millionaires supported The Photos on another UK tour. When The Photos played Manchester Polytechnic, they were reviewed by Morrissey in the Record Mirror, writing under his full name Steven Morrissey. The review was also featured in the book, Morrissey and Marr the Severed Alliance. He said of <mask>:

At the height of their powers, The Photos went on a stadium tour supporting The Police in Europe. The band made a number of TV appearances including Top Pop in Holland in 1980 and The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1981.They headlined  the Lyceum in London supported by the Thompson Twins in 1981. Their highest single entry was "Irene" which reached number 56 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1980. The eponymously named first album got to number 4 in the UK Albums Chart, although it was surrounded by controversy that the record company had hyped it (unbeknownst to the band). The Photos recorded a second album with Tony Visconti in his Good Earth Studios in Soho, London. The album was not released until 2012 by Cherry Red Records. The band split from Wendy Wu in 1982, securing another record deal as a three piece with Rialto Records. The new line up released a couple of ill-fated singles.Disillusioned with the music industry, <mask> left in 1982 to pursue a career in art. Filmography

Short films
 Amore Baciami (1988)
 Time (1990)
 Spirit of Place (1992)
 Love is All (2000)
 Apocalypse Rhyme (2012)

Feature film
 The Fallen Word (2013)

Commissioned work
 Howards End - title sequence (1992)
 Dolly Thompsett - animated paintings (2011)
 Into the Little Hill -  opera (2017)

Commercials
 Royal Mail - Letters of Love (1989)
 Marie Claire - You reach Me (1989)
 Nike - 180 (1989)
 Nike - All Conditions Gear (1990)
 P&O Ferries - Hotel (1991)
 Rav 4 - Typographer's Dream (1995)
 Molson Beer - Yin or Yang (1996)
 Independent Newspaper (1999)

Incidentals and Super 8 films
 Rose tinted Super 8 (2016)
 Love is All Super 8 - behind the scenes (2016)

Awards

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English film directors
People from Stratford-upon-Avon
English rock drummers

masks:
Oliver Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Oliver
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Oliver
Harrison
Harrison
Oliver Harrison
Harrison
Oliver
Harrison


texts:
<mask> (born 8 June 1946) is a British-Canadian actor, stage director and author. He is a former Associate Director of the Stratford Festival (1976–77) and the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool (1967–68). He won the 1985 Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in The Bay Boy and earned two other Genie best actor nominations for Deserters (1984) and Overnight (1986) and a Gemini Award nomination for best actor in aka Albert Walker (2003). He won a Jessie Award for best actor in 2005 for his performance in Trying at the Vancouver Playhouse. In 2006 he won the Jury Prize for best supporting actor at the Austin Fantastic Fest in The Hamster Cage and the Vancouver Film Critics Circle honorary award for lifetime achievement. Personal life
Scarfe was born in Harpenden, England, the son of Gladys Ellen (née Hunt) and <mask>, both university professors. <mask> was the Founding Dean of the Faculty of Education at UBC and served in that position from 1956-1973.<mask> has a son named <mask> who is also an actor and director. He was married to Barbara March from 1979 until her death from cancer in 2019. They had a daughter named Antonia (Tosia) <mask> who is a musician and composer. Jonathan and Tosia collaborated on the short film Speak, Jonathan as director, Tosia as composer and performer of the title song, which won the Grand Jury Prize in the Short Category at Dances with Films in Los Angeles in 2001. He has two brothers; <mask> who was a professor of astronomy at the University of Victoria, and <mask>, who was a professor of economics at the University of Manitoba, University of Alberta, University of Regina, a senior university administrator at Alberta and Regina, and an Economics Consultant. <mask> describes himself as a lifelong atheist. Career
He trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (1964–66) and began his career as a classical stage actor.He has performed well over 100 major roles in theatres across Europe (London, Liverpool, Coventry, Paris, Lille, Copenhagen, The Hague, Madrid, Warsaw, Kraków, Moscow and St. Petersburg), Canada (eight seasons at the Stratford Festival, 1972-3, 1976-9, 1985, 1992, two seasons at the Shaw Festival, 1970, 1974, as well as Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Montreal and Halifax) and the United States (New York, Boston, New Haven, Stamford, Philadelphia, Seattle, Dallas and Los Angeles), including King Lear, Othello, Hamlet, Iago, Brutus, Cassius, Petruchio, Prospero, Cyrano de Bergerac, Doctor Faustus, Luther, Uncle Vanya, Verlaine, John Barrymore in Sheldon Rosen's Ned and Jack and Harras in Zuckmayer's The Devil's General. He is also a stage director whose productions have ranged from the works of Shakespeare to Albee, Brecht, Beckett, Arthur Miller, Harold Pinter, Yevgeny Schwarz and Preston Jones. He has also been a familiar face on television and film for more than forty years. He played NSA member Dr. Bradley Talmadge, the director of the Backstep Project operations, on the UPN series Seven Days. He also had guest roles as two separate Romulan characters in Star Trek: The Next Generation and as Magistrate Augris in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Resistance". In 2003 he co-starred with his son Jonathan in Burn: The Robert Wraight Story. After returning to Canada from Los Angeles in 2002, he began writing novels under the pseudonym Clanash Farjeon (an anagram of his full name).The titles include A Handbook for Attendants on the Insane: the Autobiography of Jack the Ripper as Revealed to Clanash Farjeon (which has been called 'one of the finest books on historical crime ever published'), The Vampires of Ciudad Juarez, about the hypocrisy of the War on Drugs and the tragedy of 'las desaparecidas', The Vampires of 9/11, a political satire about America's blindness and inability to accept who the real culprits are, and the third book of the trilogy Vampires of the Holy Spirit completes the story in Rome during April 2005, the beginning of the papacy of Joseph Ratzinger. The first three can also be found in Italian (originally published by Gargoyle Books in Rome which since the death of the editor Paolo de Crescenzo in 2013 has closed its doors) under the titles Le Memorie di Jack lo Squartatore, I vampiri di Ciudad Juarez (both translated by Chiara Vatteroni) and I vampiri dell'11 settembre (translated by Stefania Sapuppo). In March 2014 Mosaic Press published The Autobiography of Jack the Ripper as revealed to Clanash Farjeon but this is no longer an approved edition. All four novels have now been republished, fully revised and without the pseudonym, by Smart House Books and have been retitled as The Revelation of Jack the Ripper, and the 'Carnivore Trilogy' as The Vampires of Juarez, The Demons of 9/11, and The Mask of the Holy Spirit. The Vampires of Juarez was awarded the 2018 BIBA Star. The Revelation of Jack the Ripper won the 2019 BIBA (Best Indie Book Award). The Mask of the Holy Spirit won the 2020 BIBA for Satire.Partial filmography
The Bitter Ash (1963) - Des
Cathy's Curse (1977) - George Gimble
Murder by Phone (1982) - John Websole
The Wars (1983) - Capt. Leather
Deserters (1983) - Sergeant Ulysses Hawley
The Bay Boy (1984) - Sgt. Tom Coldwell
Walls (1984) - Ron Simmons
Joshua Then and Now (1985) - Jack Trimble
Overnight (1985) - Vladimir Jezda
Keeping Track (1986) - Royle Wishart
Street Justice (1987) - Eugene Powers
Iron Eagle II (1988) - Col. Vardovsky
Kingsgate (1989) - Daniel Kingsgate
Divided Loyalties (1990) - George Washington
Double Impact (1991) - Nigel Griffith
Lethal Weapon 3 (1992) - Herman Walters
The Portrait (1993) - David Severn
Gunsmoke: One Man's Justice (1994) - Sean Devlin
Back in Business (1997) - David Ashby
The Wrong Guy (1997) - Farmer Brown
Silence (1997) - Lawyer
Sanctuary (1998) - William Dyson
Seven Days (7 October 1998  – 29 May 2001)
The Hamster Cage (2005) - Phil
Babylon 5: The Lost Tales (2007) - Father Cassidy

References

External links

1946 births
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Male actors from London
Canadian atheists
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
English atheists
English emigrants to Canada
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
Best Supporting Actor Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Living people
20th-century Canadian male actors
21st-century Canadian male actors

masks:
Alan John Scarfe
Neville Vincent Scarfe
Neville Scarfe
Alan
Jonathan Scarfe
Scarfe
Colin Scarfe
Brian Scarfe
Scarfe


texts:
<mask> (born 26 December 1969) is an Italian physicist at the University of Pisa. His research focuses on high energy physics, beyond the Standard Model, studying the flavour of elementary particle, charge conjugation parity (CP) symmetry violations, and the Higgs boson. In September 2018, <mask> gave a controversial presentation at CERN's first Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender, where he claimed that male, not female scientists, were the victims of discrimination on the part of universities. Education
<mask> obtained his PhD in 1995, at the University of Pisa, where his doctoral advisor was Riccardo Barbieri. His thesis was titled Supersymmetric unification. Career
<mask>'s research specialization is in physics beyond the Standard Model. In 1995, with Riccardo Barbieri and Lawrence J.Hall, he studied flavour and CP violations, present in supersymmetric unified theories even in absence of any flavour or CP violation in the input for the soft-supersymmetry breaking parameters. He is one of the originators of the idea of Minimal Flavor Violation, a proposal to characterize the effects of flavor transitions in new theories of particle physics. In 2004, together with Riccardo Barbieri, Alex Pomarol and Riccardo Rattazzi, <mask> laid out a conceptually clear and practically useful framework for the analysis of the combined electroweak precision data of the low- and high-energy phases of the LEP experiments. After the OPERA experiment reported an observation of neutrinos apparently traveling faster than light, <mask> in collaboration with Gian Giudice and Sergey Sibiryakov showed that superluminal neutrinos would imply some anomalies in the velocities of electrons and muons as a result of quantum-mechanical effects. Such anomalies could be already ruled out from existing data on cosmic rays, thus contradicting the OPERA results. After the discovery of the Higgs boson, he computed the probability that the Higgs vacuum undergoes quantum tunnelling, finding that the universe is in a critical state which will eventually end in a cosmic collapse. He joined the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)'s theory division as a fellow in 2000, and as a member of the CMS Collaboration, he was a credited coauthor on the paper which announced the Higgs boson discovery; his primary affiliation was Estonia's National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics.Along with Joseph Lykken and other collaborators, he later proposed the "modified naturalness" hypothesis for the Higgs boson's mass. While at CERN in June 2018, <mask> and Riccardo Torre worked on a new set of algorithms with which to evaluate the impact of published scientific research. Basing their investigation on PageRank used by Google, they proposed a similar system of ranking scientific papers and authors. Researchers had "mixed reaction", suggesting that it would be useful for "lifetime achievement" but possibly subject to "transparency issues". The "simplicity" of current methods of evaluation allows for gaming the system. The difference in <mask> and Torres' approach is that they include what they describe as "second-generation" and later-generation citations in their algorithms. Therefore, not only the original citations of the work are taken into account, but subsequent citations to derivative material also.They named their systems PaperRank and AuthorRank. They also proposed a system called CitationCoin to reduce the effect of groups who "inflate" each other citation count. Controversies

Using pictures of conference slides
Marco Cirelli and <mask> were amongst multiple teams that used digital photos from a conference presentation by other authors in 2008 in Stockholm for a subsequent publication. The presentation showed a highly anticipated but yet unpublished measurement of the positron fraction in cosmic rays by the PAMELA collaboration. Talk on gender discrimination
On 28 September 2018, <mask> gave a presentation at CERN's first Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender that provoked considerable controversy. Citing an analysis he had performed on data from the InSpire database, he tested the idea that there is a gender bias against women within the academic circles of physics. He claimed that his results suggest that male scientists were victims of discrimination.On 30 September 2018, CERN released a short statement, removed the slides of Strumia's presentation from its conference website and on October 1, suspended him from his "invited scientist" position, due to a breach of Code of Conduct (naming a CERN employee in the presentation). On 1 October 2018, the University of Pisa released a statement signaling the opening of an ethical investigation. Strumia's talk was condemned in a public letter titled “High Energy Physics Community Statement” on a website called “Particles for Justice” on 2 October. As of 13 October, it received nearly 4,000 signatures from scientists working in High Energy Physics and related fields, including those of John Ellis, Howard Georgi and David Gross. In response, a rebuttal titled "Justice For Strumia" was published online along with a petition for reinstatement of Strumia. Subsequently, the petition and the list of "2370 signatories from 90 countries" were sent to the director general of CERN receiving "no response". An anonymous commentary on Strumia's talk and the community response was published in Areo magazine.One supporter of Strumia was the former string theorist Luboš Motl. Physicist Sabine Hossenfelder performed an alternative analysis using a different database and found that after accounting for disproportionately higher rates of women leaving the field the sex differences become negligible. On March 7, 2019, CERN confirmed that Strumia's status as guest professor will not be continued. Following this announcement, Strumia uploaded an unofficial recording of the event on a newly started website, where he claimed that his position had been misrepresented in the media. In November 2019, the journal Quantitative Science Studies (QSS) announced it would publish the paper. Despite this acceptance, one member of the QSS editorial board called it "methodologically flawed" and stated that it "fails to meet the standards of the bibliometric community." See also
 Resistance to diversity efforts in organizations
 Variability hypothesis
 Women in STEM fields

References

External links

Living people
University of Pisa faculty
1969 births
University of Pisa alumni
21st-century Italian physicists
People associated with CERN

masks:
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia


texts:
<mask> (14 November 1878 –  24 May 1944) was an Italian naval officer during most of the first half of the 20th century. He served in four wars, and is best known as an admiral in the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) during World War II. He was later executed by the Italian Social Republic for refusing to collaborate. Birth and early career
<mask> was born in Viareggio, Province of Lucca, Italy, on 14 November 1878. He entered the Italian Naval Academy at Leghorn (Livorno) in 1893. He graduated in 1896 and was promoted from midshipman to ensign in 1898 and then to lieutenant in 1905. Campioni participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, serving as an officer aboard the armored cruiser Amalfi.World War I

During World War I, Campioni served aboard the battleships Conte di Cavour and Andrea Doria. He was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1916 and became commanding officer of the destroyer , which under his command escorted numerous convoys and served with distinction in a naval engagement in September 1917 in the northern Adriatic Sea. For the latter action, Campioni received the Bronze Medal of Military Valor. In December 1918, just after the conclusion of the war, he received the War Merit Cross. Interwar years
After World War I, Campioni was promoted to commander in 1919 and to captain-lieutenant in 1926. He led naval design programs at the weapons laboratory at La Spezia and became the Italian naval attaché to France in Paris. In 1929 he took command of the battleship Duilio.After leaving Duilio, he became chief of staff of the First Fleet embarked on the heavy cruiser Trieste, and from May 1930 to May 1931 he served as commanding officer of the heavy cruiser Trento. Campioni achieved flag rank in 1932, being promoted to contrammiraglio ("rear admiral," a rank equivalent to the United States Navy′s rear admiral lower half) and was promoted again to ammiraglio di divisione ("vice admiral," a rank equivalent to rear admiral) in 1934. He served as Chief Cabinet Secretary of the Navy before commanding the 5th Naval Division during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War of 1935–1936. Campioni was promoted to ammiraglio di squadra ("squadron vice admiral," a rank equivalent to vice admiral) in 1936 and in 1938 he assumed the post of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy. Held in high regard as the most promising officer in the Regia Marina, he became commander of the 1st Naval Squadron – the Italian main battlefleet – in 1939 with the battleship Giulio Cesare as his flagship. In the same year he became a Senator of the Kingdom of Italy. World War II

Mediterranean campaign
After Italy entered World War II on 10 June 1940, Campioni commanded the Italian battlefleet during the early months of the Mediterranean naval campaign against the British, including the Battle of Calabria, the Battle of Taranto, Operation White, and the Battle of Cape Spartivento.Heavily criticized for failing to intercept two British convoys and handling his superior force too cautiously during the latter battle, he was relieved of command on 8 December 1940 – to be succeeded by Angelo Iachino – and returned to the post of Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy. He did, however, become a Commander of the Military Order of Savoy for his achievements from June 1940 through July 1941. On 15 July 1941, Campioni was appointed governor of the Italian Aegean Islands (or Italian Dodecanese) and made commander of all Axis armed forces operating in that area. In November 1941, he reached retirement age and was transferred to the naval auxiliary, although he remained on active duty as governor and commander in the Aegean. Dodecanese campaign
Campioni was at his headquarters on the island of Rhodes when the armistice between Italy and the Allies was announced on 8 September 1943. He thereafter refused to collaborate with the Axis Powers and oversaw Italian armed resistance to the German conquest of the Aegean Islands that immediately followed the armistice. On 11 September 1943, the Italian garrison on Rhodes surrendered to German forces, who captured Campioni.Imprisonment and execution
The Germans placed Campioni in a prisoner-of-war camp at Schokken (now Skoki) in Poland. In January 1944, they transported him to the northern portion of Italy administered by the Italian Social Republic, a German client regime led by Benito Mussolini, which took custody of him and jailed him at Verona. Campioni refused repeated offers to collaborate with the Social Republic. He based his decision on his view that the Social Republic government was illegal and that Italys legitimate government remained the Kingdom of Italy, which controlled the southern part of the country and had switched sides and joined the Allies. As a result of his stance, an Italian Social Republic military tribunal in Parma convicted him of high treason and condemned him to death. The Social Republic offered him a pardon on the condition that he recognize it as Italys legitimate government, but he rejected the pardon and was executed along with Contrammiraglio Luigi Mascherpa and others by a firing squad composed of youths aged 17 and 18 in the city square at Parma on 24 May 1944. The Italian Republic posthumously awarded Campioni the Gold Medal of Military Valor in November 1947.He is buried in the military cemetery at Bari, Italy. Awards and honors

 Commander of the Military Order of Savoy

 Gold Medal of Military Valour (posthumous)

 Bronze Medal of Military Valor

 War Merit Cross

See also
Battle of the Mediterranean
Battle of Calabria
Battle of Taranto
Operation White
Battle of Cape Spartivento
Dodecanese Campaign

Notes

References
Marina Militare: <mask> CAMPIONI, Ammiraglio di Squadra, Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare alla
 ABC-CLIO SCHOOLS History and the Headlines: Vanzo, John P., and Gordon E. Hogg, "Campioni, <mask> (1878–1944)"
Stewart, Walter. Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. .

1878 births
1944 deaths
Burials in Apulia
Commanders of the Military Order of Savoy
People from Viareggio
People of former Italian colonies
Italian admirals
Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
Italian military personnel of World War I
Regia Marina personnel of World War II
Italian military personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the War Merit Cross (Italy)
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
Greece in World War II
Executed Italian people
People executed by the Italian Social Republic
People executed by Italy by firing squad
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
20th-century Italian politicians
Dodecanese under Italian rule

masks:
Inigo Campioni
Campioni
Inigo
Inigo


texts:
<mask> (died 1606 in Leuven) was a Flemish engraver, publisher, typographer and bookseller. His name is mostly spelled as <mask>, but is also known as de Sanger, de Zangre, Zangre, and Zangré. Biographical data
He was active in Leuven between 1595 and 1606 and by all probability he was a relative of the publishers and typographists Petrus (1559–1623) and <mask> (1585–1610). In 1601, Zangrius engraved the portraits of Infante Isabella, her husband archduke Albrecht Habsburg, governor of the Low Countries, and Justus Lipsius. These engravings were also part of his 1602 (or 1605) work titled Album Amicorum containing 67 engravings, namely 46 womanly costumes and armorial cartouches, 9 small and 11 bigger armorial engravings. It is one of the earliest examples of heraldic pavilions (by all probability after Jean-Jacques Boissard). The small armorial shields are empty.The womanly costumes were engraved after the tables of Julius Goltzius, to be found in the following title:  Jean Jacques Boissard, Habitvs Variarvm Orbis gentium. Habitz de Nations estra:[n]ges. Trachten mancherley Voelcker des Erdskreysz, Cum Priuilegio Caesaro, Cum Priuilegio Regio, 1581 [Mechelen, Caspar Rutz]

Zangrius in heraldry
According to some authors, <mask> developed the earliest hatching system in heraldry, identical with the present day hatching method, seen on his armorial chart of Brabant. (<mask> Zangre, Representation de l'Ancienne et Souveraine Duche de Brabant, ses Villes, Dignitez et Dependences, Comme Lothier, Limborghe et Pays de Outre Meuse, Louvain, 1600. Measures: 49 x 56.3 cm). Though manufactured by Arnold van Rincvelt, it is better known as the armorial chart of Zangrius. The original chart is held by the Helmond Castle-Townhall.The armorial chart of Zangrius was first published in the 81st volume (1964) of the De Nederlandsche Leeuw by F. J. van Ettro. He maintains that the present-day hatching system was invented by Zangrius. The historical background for the coming into existence of the armorial chart was the 6 March 1598 edict of the Spanish king Philip II who detached the Low Countries in his testament from Spain and gave independence to the Netherlands on the occasion of the marriage of his daughter Infante Isabella to archduke Albrecht Habsburg who served as the governor of the province since 1596. The princely consorts marched across Brussels ceremoniously on 5 September 1599. As Albrecht Habsburg died in 1621 without heirs, the country returned to the Spanish crown, as was stated in the treaty. (For another engraving from 1623, portraying Albrecht's funeral procession, see the picture taken from Jacob Franquart.) Albrecht's proclamation of the sovereignty was illustrated by numerous armorial charts published by several cities and noblemen of the Low Countries, and the armorial chart of Zangrius held in the Helmond Castle-Townhall is one of them.F. J. van Ettro maintained: "Particularly noteworthy about this chart is, that the metals gold and silver, and the colours red, blue, green and black, are rendered according to the same system of hatching by means of dots and stripes, as is being used to this day in modern heraldry". (op. cit. p. 211)

However, the hatching systems of Silvester Petra Sancta (1638) and Marcus Vulson de la Colombière (1639), respectively differ from the method developed by <mask> in the way of hatching of the colour Sable. Thus, it almost seems evident that Petra Sancta or de la Colombière modeled their systems after <mask>' hatching table. <mask> inscribed into the oval escutcheon of his hatching table both the heraldic and standard French language appellations of the given tinctures as follows – Or, Argent, Geulle [gueules] and Rouge (gules), Azur and Bleu (azure), Sinople and Verd [Vert] (vert). The hatching used by him for these tinctures is identical with contemporary hatching methods.The only difference in Zangrius' system was the hatching of the colour sable (Sable and Noir by Zangrius), i.e. crossing of vertical and diagonal lines from the heraldic left to right instead of the present day's crossing of vertical and horizontal lines. Works
Albvm Amicorvm Habitibvs Mvliervm Omniv[m] Natoinv[m] Evropae, tvm Tabvlis as Scvtis Vacvis in aes Incisis Adonatvm, Vt quisque et sÿmbola et insignia sua gentilitia in ÿs depingi commode curare possit; Lovanii Apud Ioannem Baptistam Zangrium. Anno 1599

Published engravings
Hollstein‘s Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts 1450-1700. Volume LVIII, I. Wyngaerden to Anthony van Zylvelt. Compided by Jeroen de Scheemaker, Edited by D. De Hoop Scheffer. Sound & Vision Publishers Rotterdam 2001, in co-operation with the Rijksprentenkabinet, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.pp. 40–64. Gallery

Literature
 Füßli, H. H. : Allgemeiner Künstlerlexikon, Zweiter Theil, Elfter Abschnitt, Zürich 1820
 Hollstein, F. W. H.: Dutch & Flemish etchings, engravings and woodcuts 1450-1700, vol. 1-, Amsterdam 1949–87; Roosendaal 1988–93; Rotterdam 1995-
 Icones Leidenses. De Portretverzameling van de Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, Leiden 1973
 Immerzeel Jr., J.: De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters van het begin der vijftiende eeuw tot heden, 3 vols., Amsterdam 1842–43
 Kamm, C.: De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters, 6 vols. and suppl., Amsterdam 1857–64
 Linnig, B.: La gravure en Belgique, Anvers 1911
 Nagler, G. K.: Neues Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon, 22 vols. München 1835–22
 Rouzet, A.: Dictionnaire des imprimeurs, Libraires et éditeurs des XVe et XVIe siècles dans les limites geographiques de la Belgique actuelle, Nieuwkoop 1975
 Simoni, A. E. C.: Catalogue of Books from the Low Countries 1601–1621 in the British Library, London 1990
 Someren, J. F. van: Beschrijvende catalogus van gegraveerde portretten van Nederlanders, 3 vols., Amsterdam 1888–91
 Singer, H. W.: Allgemeiner Bildniskatalog, 14 vols., Leipzig 1930–36
 Thieme, U. and Becker, F.: Allgemeines Lexikon der bildenen Künstler, 37 vols., Leipzig 1907–50
 Wurzbach, A. von: Niederländsisches Künstler-Lexikon, 3 vols., Wien and Leipzig 1906–11
 F.J. van Ettro, The Heraldic Chart of Brabant by Zangrius for the year 1600.De Nederlandsche Leeuw, 1964, pp. 211–217

External links
 Album Amicorum as a literary form
 List of Editions,  Belgium XVII century
 Heraldiek

1500s births
1606 deaths
16th-century engravers
17th-century engravers
Flemish engravers
Heraldists
Dutch publishers (people)

masks:
Jan Baptist Zangrius
Johannes Baptista Zangrius
Philippus Zangrius
Zangrius
Jean Baptiste
Zangrius
Zangrius
Zangrius


texts:
<mask> (August 29, 1936 – August 25, 2018) was an American politician, statesman, and United States Navy officer who served as a United States Senator for Arizona from 1987 until his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives and was the Republican nominee for president of the United States in the 2008 election, which he lost to Barack Obama. <mask> graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958 and received a commission in the United States Navy. He became a naval aviator and flew ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, <mask> almost died in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. While on a bombing mission during Operation Rolling Thunder over Hanoi in October 1967, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. <mask> was a prisoner of war until 1973.He experienced episodes of torture and refused an out-of-sequence early release. During the war, <mask> sustained wounds that left him with lifelong physical disabilities. He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona. In 1982, <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served two terms. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, succeeding the 1964 Republican presidential nominee and conservative icon Barry Goldwater upon his retirement. <mask> easily won reelection five times. While generally adhering to conservative principles, <mask> also gained a reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to break from his party on certain issues, including LGBT rights, gun regulations, and campaign finance reform where his stances were more moderate than those of the party's base.<mask> was investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as one of the Keating Five; he then made regulating the financing of political campaigns one of his signature concerns, which eventually resulted in passage of the McCain–Feingold Act in 2002. He was also known for his work in the 1990s to restore diplomatic relations with Vietnam. <mask> chaired the Senate Commerce Committee from 1997 to 2001 and 2003 to 2005, where he opposed pork barrel spending and earmarks. He belonged to the bipartisan "Gang of 14", which played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations. <mask> entered the race for the Republican nomination for president in 2000 but lost a heated primary season contest to Governor George W. Bush of Texas. He secured the Republican presidential nomination in 2008, beating fellow candidates Mitt Romney and Mike Huckabee, though he lost the general election to Barack Obama. <mask> subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration, especially with regard to foreign policy matters.In 2015, he became Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. He refused to support then-Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump in 2016; <mask> won re-election to a sixth and final term that same year. <mask> was a vocal critic of the Trump administration. While <mask> opposed the Obama-era Affordable Care Act (ACA), he cast the deciding vote against the ACA-repealing American Health Care Act of 2017. After being diagnosed with brain cancer in 2017, he reduced his role in the Senate in order to focus on treatment. He died in 2018 aged 81. Following his death, <mask> lay in state in the Arizona State Capitol rotunda and then in the United States Capitol rotunda.His funeral was televised from the Washington National Cathedral, with the former presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama giving eulogies. Early life and military career (1936–1981)

Early life and education

<mask> <mask> was born on August 29, 1936, at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, to naval officer <mask><mask> Jr. and Roberta (Wright<mask>. He had an older sister, Sandy, and a younger brother, Joe. At that time, the Panama Canal was under U.S. control. <mask>'s family tree includes Scotch-Irish and English ancestors. His great-great-great-grandparents owned High Rock Farm, a plantation in Rockingham County, North Carolina. His father and his paternal grandfather, <mask><mask> Sr., were also Naval Academy graduates and both became four-star admirals in the United States Navy.The <mask> family moved with their father as he took various naval postings in the United States and in the Pacific. As a result, the younger <mask> attended a total of about 20 schools. In 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and <mask> attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria. He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954. He referred to himself as an Episcopalian as recently as June 2007, after which date he said he came to identify as a Baptist. Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, <mask> entered the United States Naval Academy, where he was a friend and informal leader for many of his classmates and sometimes stood up for targets of bullying. He also fought as a lightweight boxer.Nicknamed "<mask>" "for his attitude and popularity with the opposite sex." <mask> did well in academic subjects that interested him, such as literature and history, but studied only enough to pass subjects that gave him difficulty, such as mathematics. He came into conflict with higher-ranking personnel and did not always obey the rules. "He collected demerits the way some people collect stamps." His class rank (894 of 899) was not indicative of his intelligence nor his IQ. <mask> graduated in 1958. Naval training, first marriage, and Vietnam War assignment

<mask> began his early military career when he was commissioned as an ensign, and started two and a half years of training at Pensacola to become a naval aviator.While there, he earned a reputation as a man who partied. He completed flight school in 1960, and became a naval pilot of ground-attack aircraft; he was assigned to A-1 Skyraider squadrons aboard the aircraft carriers  and  in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. <mask> began as a sub-par flier who was at times careless and reckless; during the early to mid-1960s, two of his flight missions crashed, and a third mission collided with power lines, but he received no major injuries. His aviation skills improved over time, and he was seen as a good pilot, albeit one who tended to "push the envelope" in his flying. On July 3, 1965, <mask> was 28 when he married Carol Shepp, who had worked as a runway model and secretary. <mask> adopted her two young children, Douglas and Andrew. He and Carol then had a daughter whom they named Sidney.The same year, he was a one-day champion on the game show Jeopardy!. <mask> requested a combat assignment, and was assigned to the aircraft carrier  flying A-4 Skyhawks. His combat duty began when he was 30 years old in mid-1967, when Forrestal was assigned to a bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War. Stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin, <mask> and his fellow pilots became frustrated by micromanagement from Washington, and he later wrote, "In all candor, we thought our civilian commanders were complete idiots who didn't have the least notion of what it took to win the war." On July 29, 1967, <mask> was a lieutenant commander when he was near the center of the USS Forrestal fire. He escaped from his burning jet and was trying to help another pilot escape when a bomb exploded; <mask> was struck in the legs and chest by fragments. The ensuing fire killed 134 sailors and took 24 hours to control.With the Forrestal out of commission, <mask> volunteered for assignment with the , another aircraft carrier employed in Operation Rolling Thunder. There, he was awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star Medal for missions flown over North Vietnam. Prisoner of war

<mask> was taken prisoner of war on October 26, 1967. He was flying his 23rd bombing mission over North Vietnam when his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down by a missile over Hanoi. <mask> fractured both arms and a leg when he ejected from the aircraft, and nearly drowned after he parachuted into Trúc Bạch Lake. Some North Vietnamese pulled him ashore, then others crushed his shoulder with a rifle butt and bayoneted him. <mask> was then transported to Hanoi's main Hỏa Lò Prison, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton".Although <mask> was seriously wounded and injured, his captors refused to treat him. They beat and interrogated him to get information, and he was given medical care only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was an admiral. His status as a prisoner of war (POW) made the front pages of major American newspapers. <mask> spent six weeks in the hospital, where he received marginal care. He had lost , he was in a chest cast, and his gray hair had turned white. <mask> was sent to a different camp on the outskirts of Hanoi. In December 1967, <mask> was placed in a cell with two other Americans, who did not expect him to live more than a week.In March 1968, <mask> was placed into solitary confinement, where he remained for two years. In mid-1968, his father <mask><mask> Jr. was named commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater, and the North Vietnamese offered <mask> early release because they wanted to appear merciful for propaganda purposes, and also to show other POWs that elite prisoners were willing to be treated preferentially. <mask> refused repatriation unless every man taken in before him was also released. Such early release was prohibited by the POWs' interpretation of the military Code of Conduct, which states in Article III: "I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy." To prevent the enemy from using prisoners for propaganda, officers were to agree to be released in the order in which they were captured. Beginning in August 1968, <mask> was subjected to a program of severe torture. He was bound and beaten every two hours; this punishment occurred at the same time that he was suffering from heat exhaustion and dysentery.Further injuries brought <mask> to "the point of suicide," but his preparations were interrupted by guards. Eventually, <mask> made an anti-U.S. propaganda "confession." He had always felt that his statement was dishonorable, but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine." Many U.S. POWs were tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements; virtually all of them eventually yielded something to their captors. <mask> received two to three beatings weekly because of his continued refusal to sign additional statements. <mask> refused to meet various anti-war groups seeking peace in Hanoi, wanting to give neither them nor the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory.From late 1969, treatment of <mask> and many of the other POWs became more tolerable, while <mask> continued to resist the camp authorities. <mask> and other prisoners cheered the U.S. "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972, viewing it as a forceful measure to push North Vietnam to terms. <mask> was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years, until his release on March 14, 1973, along with 108 other prisoners of war. His wartime injuries left him permanently incapable of raising his arms above his head. After the war, <mask>, accompanied by his family and his second wife Cindy, returned to the site on a few occasions in efforts of trying to come to terms with what had happened to him there during his capture. Commanding officer, liaison to Senate, and second marriage

<mask> was reunited with his family when he returned to the United States. His wife Carol had been severely injured by an automobile accident in December 1969.She was then four inches shorter, in a wheelchair or on crutches, and substantially heavier than when he had last seen her. As a returned POW, he became a celebrity of sorts. <mask> underwent treatment for his injuries that included months of physical therapy. He attended the National War College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. during 1973–1974. He was rehabilitated by late 1974, and his flight status was reinstated. In 1976, he became Commanding Officer of a training squadron that was stationed in Florida. He improved the unit's flight readiness and safety records, and won the squadron its first-ever Meritorious Unit Commendation.During this period in Florida, he had extramarital affairs, and his marriage began to falter, about which he later stated: "The blame was entirely mine". <mask> served as the Navy's liaison to the U.S. Senate beginning in 1977. In retrospect, he said that this represented his "real entry into the world of politics, and the beginning of my second career as a public servant." His key behind-the-scenes role gained congressional financing for a new supercarrier against the wishes of the Carter administration. In April 1979, <mask> met Cindy Lou Hensley, a teacher from Phoenix, Arizona, whose father had founded a large beer distributorship. They began dating, and he urged his wife, Carol, to grant him a divorce, which she did in February 1980; the uncontested divorce took effect in April 1980. The settlement included two houses, and financial support for her ongoing medical treatments due to her 1969 car accident; they remained on good terms.<mask> and Hensley were married on May 17, 1980, with Senators William Cohen and Gary Hart attending as groomsmen. <mask>'s children did not attend, and several years passed before they reconciled. <mask> and <mask> entered into a prenuptial agreement that kept most of her family's assets under her name; they kept their finances apart, and filed separate income tax returns. <mask> decided to leave the Navy. It was doubtful whether he would ever be promoted to the rank of full admiral, as he had poor annual physicals and had not been given a major sea command. His chances of being promoted to rear admiral were better, but he declined that prospect, as he had already made plans to run for Congress and said he could "do more good there." <mask> retired from the Navy as a captain on April 1, 1981.He was designated as disabled and awarded a disability pension. Upon leaving the military, he moved to Arizona. His numerous military decorations and awards include: the Silver Star, two Legion of Merits, Distinguished Flying Cross, three Bronze Star Medals, two Purple Hearts, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, and the Prisoner of War Medal. House and Senate elections and career (1982–2000)

U.S. Representative

<mask> set his sights on becoming a representative because he was interested in current events, was ready for a new challenge, and had developed political ambitions during his time as Senate liaison. Living in Phoenix, he went to work for Hensley & Co., his new father-in-law Jim Hensley's large Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship. As vice president of public relations at the distributorship, he gained political support among the local business community, meeting powerful figures such as banker Charles Keating Jr., real estate developer Fife Symington III (later Governor of Arizona) and newspaper publisher Darrow "Duke" Tully. In 1982, <mask> ran as a Republican for an open seat in Arizona's 1st congressional district, which was being vacated by 30-year incumbent Republican <mask> Rhodes.A newcomer to the state, <mask> was hit with charges of being a carpetbagger. <mask> responded to a voter making that charge with what a Phoenix Gazette columnist later described as "the most

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 devastating response to a potentially troublesome political issue I've ever heard":

<mask> won a highly contested primary election with the assistance of local political endorsements, his Washington connections, and money that his wife lent to his campaign. He then easily won the general election in the heavily Republican district. In 1983, <mask> was elected to lead the incoming group of Republican representatives, and was assigned to the House Committee on Interior Affairs. Also that year, he opposed creation of a federal Martin Luther King Jr. Day, but admitted in 2008: "I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support [in 1990] for a state holiday in Arizona." At this point, <mask>'s politics were mainly in line with those of President Ronald Reagan; this included support for Reaganomics, and he was active on Indian Affairs bills. He supported most aspects of the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, including its hardline stance against the Soviet Union and policy towards Central American conflicts, such as backing the Contras in Nicaragua.<mask> opposed keeping U.S. Marines deployed in Lebanon, citing unattainable objectives, and subsequently criticized President Reagan for pulling out the troops too late; in the interim, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing killed hundreds. <mask> won re-election to the House easily in 1984, and gained a spot on the House Foreign Affairs Committee. In 1985, he made his first return trip to Vietnam, and also traveled to Chile where he met with its military junta ruler, General Augusto Pinochet. Growing family

In 1984, <mask> and Cindy had their first child, daughter Meghan, followed two years later by son <mask> IV and in 1988 by son James. In 1991, Cindy brought an abandoned three-month-old girl needing medical treatment to the U.S. from a Bangladeshi orphanage run by Mother Teresa. The <mask>s decided to adopt her and she was named Bridget. First two terms in the U.S. Senate

<mask>'s Senate career began in January 1987, after he defeated his Democratic opponent, former state legislator Richard Kimball, by 20 percentage points in the 1986 election.<mask> succeeded Arizona native, conservative icon, and the 1964 Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater upon Goldwater's retirement as U.S. senator from Arizona for 30 years. In January 1988, <mask> voted in favor of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, and voted to override President Reagan's veto of that legislation the following March. Senator <mask> became a member of the Armed Services Committee, with which he had formerly done his Navy liaison work; he also joined the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee. He continued to support the Native American agenda. As first a House member and then a senator—and as a lifelong gambler with close ties to the gambling industry—<mask> was one of the main authors of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, which codified rules regarding Native American gambling enterprises. <mask> was also a strong supporter of the Gramm-Rudman legislation that enforced automatic spending cuts in the case of budget deficits. <mask> soon gained national visibility.He delivered a well-received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention, was mentioned by the press as a short list vice-presidential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, and was named chairman of Veterans for Bush. Keating Five

<mask> became embroiled in a scandal during the 1980s, as one of five United States senators comprising the so-called Keating Five. Between 1982 and 1987, <mask> had received $112,000 in lawful political contributions from Charles Keating Jr. and his associates at Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, along with trips on Keating's jets that <mask> belatedly repaid, in 1989. In 1987, <mask> was one of the five senators whom Keating contacted in order to prevent the government's seizure of Lincoln, and <mask> met twice with federal regulators to discuss the government's investigation of Lincoln. In 1999, <mask> said: "The appearance of it was wrong. It's a wrong appearance when a group of senators appear in a meeting with a group of regulators, because it conveys the impression of undue and improper influence. And it was the wrong thing to do."In the end, <mask> was cleared by the Senate Ethics Committee of acting improperly or violating any law or Senate rule, but was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment". In his 1992 re-election bid, the Keating Five affair was not a major issue, and he won handily, gaining 56 percent of the vote to defeat Democratic community and civil rights activist Claire Sargent and independent former governor, Evan Mecham. Political Independence
<mask> developed a reputation for independence during the 1990s. He took pride in challenging party leadership and establishment forces, becoming difficult to categorize politically. As a member of the 1991–1993 Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, chaired by fellow Vietnam War veteran and Democrat, <mask>, <mask> investigated the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, to determine the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The committee's unanimous report stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." Helped by <mask>'s efforts, in 1995 the U.S. normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam.<mask> was vilified by some POW/MIA activists who, despite the committee's unanimous report, believed large numbers of Americans were still held against their will in Southeast Asia. From January 1993 until his death, <mask> was Chairman of the International Republican Institute, an organization partly funded by the U.S. government that supports the emergence of political democracy worldwide. In 1993 and 1994, <mask> voted to confirm President Clinton's nominees Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg whom he considered to be qualified for the U.S. Supreme Court. He later explained that "under our Constitution, it is the president's call to make." <mask> had also voted to confirm nominees of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, including Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Campaign Finance Reform
McCain attacked what he saw as the corrupting influence of large political contributions—from corporations, labor unions, other organizations, and wealthy individuals—and he made this his signature issue.Starting in 1994, he worked with Democratic Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform; their <mask>ingold bill attempted to put limits on "soft money". The efforts of <mask> and Feingold were opposed by some of the moneyed interests targeted, by incumbents in both parties, by those who felt spending limits impinged on free political speech and might be unconstitutional as well, and by those who wanted to counterbalance the power of what they saw as media bias. Despite sympathetic coverage in the media, initial versions of the McCain–Feingold Act were filibustered and never came to a vote. The term "maverick Republican" became a label frequently applied to <mask>, and he also used it himself. In 1993, <mask> opposed military operations in Somalia. Another target of his was pork barrel spending by Congress, and he actively supported the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, which gave the president power to veto individual spending items but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1998. In the 1996 presidential election, <mask> was again on the short list of possible vice-presidential picks, this time for Republican nominee Bob Dole.The following year, Time magazine named <mask> as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America". In 1997, <mask> became chairman of the powerful Senate Commerce Committee; he was criticized for accepting funds from corporations and businesses under the committee's purview, but in response said the small contributions he received were not part of the big-money nature of the campaign finance problem. <mask> took on the tobacco industry in 1998, proposing legislation that would increase cigarette taxes in order to fund anti-smoking campaigns, discourage teenage smokers, increase money for health research studies, and help states pay for smoking-related health care costs. Supported by the Clinton administration but opposed by the industry and most Republicans, the bill failed to gain cloture. Start of third term in the U.S. Senate

In November 1998, <mask> won re-election to a third Senate term; he prevailed in a landslide over his Democratic opponent, environmental lawyer Ed Ranger. In the February 1999 Senate trial following the impeachment of Bill Clinton, <mask> voted to convict the president on both the perjury and obstruction of justice counts, saying Clinton had violated his sworn oath of office. In March 1999, <mask> voted to approve the NATO bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, saying that the ongoing genocide of the Kosovo War must be stopped and criticizing past Clinton administration inaction.Later in 1999, <mask> shared the Profile in Courage Award with Feingold for their work in trying to enact their campaign finance reform, although the bill was still failing repeated attempts to gain cloture. In August 1999, <mask>'s memoir Faith of My Fathers, co-authored with Mark Salter, was published; a reviewer observed that its appearance "seems to have been timed to the unfolding Presidential campaign." The most successful of his writings, it received positive reviews, became a bestseller, and was later made into a TV film. The book traces <mask>'s family background and childhood, covers his time at Annapolis and his service before and during the Vietnam War, concluding with his release from captivity in 1973. According to one reviewer, it describes "the kind of challenges that most of us can barely imagine. It's a fascinating history of a remarkable military family." 2000 presidential campaign

<mask> announced his candidacy for president on September 27, 1999, in Nashua, New Hampshire, saying he was staging "a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests, and return it to the people and the noble cause of freedom it was created to serve".The frontrunner for the Republican nomination was Texas Governor George W. Bush, who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment, whereas <mask> was supported by many moderate Republicans and some conservative Republicans. <mask> focused on the New Hampshire primary, where his message appealed to independents. He traveled on a campaign bus called the Straight Talk Express. He held many town hall meetings, answering every question voters asked, in a successful example of "retail politics", and he used free media to compensate for his lack of funds. One reporter later recounted that, "<mask> talked all day long with reporters on his Straight Talk Express bus; he talked so much that sometimes he said things that he shouldn't have, and that's why the media loved him." On February 1, 2000, he won New Hampshire's primary with 49 percent of the vote to Bush's 30 percent. The Bush campaign and the Republican establishment feared that a <mask> victory in the crucial South Carolina primary might give his campaign unstoppable momentum.The Arizona Republic wrote that the <mask> primary contest in South Carolina "has entered national political lore as a low-water mark in presidential campaigns", while The New York Times called it "a painful symbol of the brutality of American politics". A variety of interest groups, which <mask> had challenged in the past, ran negative ads. Bush borrowed <mask>'s earlier language of reform, and declined to dissociate himself from a veterans activist who accused <mask> (in Bush's presence) of having "abandoned the veterans" on POW/MIA and Agent Orange issues. Incensed, <mask> ran ads accusing Bush of lying and comparing the governor to Bill Clinton, which Bush said was "about as low a blow as you can give in a Republican primary". An anonymous smear campaign began against <mask>, delivered by push polls, faxes, e-mails, flyers, and audience plants. The smears claimed that <mask> had fathered a black child out of wedlock (the <mask>s' dark-skinned daughter was adopted from Bangladesh), that his wife Cindy was a drug addict, that he was a homosexual, and that he was a "Manchurian Candidate" who was either a traitor or mentally unstable from his North Vietnam POW days. The Bush campaign strongly denied any involvement with the attacks.<mask> lost South Carolina on February 19, with 42 percent of the vote to Bush's 53 percent, in part because Bush mobilized the state's evangelical voters and outspent <mask>. The win allowed Bush to regain lost momentum. <mask> said of the rumor spreaders, "I believe that there is a special place in hell for people like those." According to one acquaintance, the South Carolina experience left him in a "very dark place". <mask>'s campaign never completely recovered from his South Carolina defeat, although he did rebound partially by winning in Arizona and Michigan a few days later. He made a speech in Virginia Beach that criticized Christian leaders, including Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, as divisive conservatives, declaring "... we embrace the fine members of the religious conservative community. But that does not mean that we will pander to their self-appointed leaders."<mask> lost the Virginia primary on February 29, and on March7 lost nine of the thirteen primaries on Super Tuesday to Bush. With little hope of overcoming Bush's delegate lead, <mask> withdrew from the race on March 9, 2000. He endorsed Bush two months later, and made occasional appearances with the Texas governor during the general election campaign. Senate career (2000–2008)

Remainder of third Senate term

<mask> began 2001 by breaking with the new George W. Bush administration on a number of matters, including HMO reform, climate change, and gun control legislation; <mask> was opposed by Bush as well. In May 2001, <mask> was one of only two Senate Republicans to vote against the Bush tax cuts. Besides the differences with Bush on ideological grounds, there was considerable antagonism between the two remaining from the previous year's campaign. Later, when a Republican senator, Jim Jeffords, became an Independent, thereby throwing control of the Senate to the Democrats, <mask> defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty".Indeed, there was speculation at the time, and in years since, about <mask> himself leaving the Republican Party, but <mask> had always adamantly denied that he ever considered doing so. Beginning in 2001, <mask> used political capital gained from his presidential run, as well as improved legislative skills and relationships with other members, to become one of the Senate's most influential members. After the September 11, 2001, attacks, <mask> supported Bush and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. He and Democratic senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission, while he and Democratic senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security. In March 2002, <mask>ingold, officially known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, passed in both Houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bush. Seven years in the making, it was <mask>'s greatest legislative achievement. Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, <mask> was a strong supporter of the

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