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<mask> (October 1, 1897 – 1991) was a trailblazer in both African-American history and the history of librarianship. In 1923 she became the first black woman in the United States to earn a degree in library science. This also made her the second African-American to be formally trained in librarianship, after Edward Christopher Williams. Early life and education
<mask> was the only child born to Socrates Edward and Caroline Elizabeth (<mask><mask> on October 1, 1897 in Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania. <mask> spent her early years in Wilkinsburg until both her mother and father died in 1913. At this time <mask> moved to Pittsburgh to live with her aunt. After moving to Pittsburgh, <mask> graduated from Pittsburgh's Fifth Avenue High School in 1915.She followed in her mother's footsteps and continued her education at Oberlin College in Oberlin, Ohio. In 1919, <mask> earned her Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature from Oberlin and went out into the workforce. She moved back to Pittsburgh where, although having adequate training and experience, she was unable to pursue her desired goal of teaching and spent some time working at her aunt's salon as a beautician. Aware of her passion for children and books, Charles Wilbur <mask>, her future husband, encouraged her to pursue a career in librarianship. During a time when African-Americans were rarely considered for admission into predominantly white universities, <mask> was considered for admission into the Pittsburgh Carnegie Library School (now the University of Pittsburgh School of Information Sciences). There was much debate about allowing a black person into the program. School officials were concerned with how white students might react to having a black peer and the likelihood that <mask> would find work upon completion of the program was slim.No library in the Pittsburgh area had ever hired a black person with the amount of formal training <mask> would have after graduation. After deliberation, school officials decided to admit <mask> in 1922 based on her previous academic achievement at Oberlin College. Although the school had accepted her, she still had to face discrimination. She was not allowed to interact directly with the white patrons; she was instructed to allow a white patron to answer any questions patrons would have. Nevertheless, she graduated with a Bachelor of Library Science degree in 1923, after one year of library school. Career
Although <mask> is recognized for her place in the history of librarianship, her first few jobs did not lead her in that direction. Upon graduating from Oberlin, <mask> moved to St. Paul, Minnesota to work for the YWCA as a secretary in the Girl Reserves of the Colored Girls Work Section.After only a year, <mask> decided St. Paul was not for her and she returned to Pittsburgh. Upon her return to Pittsburgh, <mask> realized that she wanted to become a teacher. While at Oberlin, she had participated in community groups and campus literary clubs, and had a passion for working with children. <mask> thought the combination of her experience working with children at the YWCA and her degree in English literature would be more than adequate qualifications for her to become a teacher. Unfortunately, the Pittsburgh school system did not see her qualifications in the same light. The Pittsburgh school system had integrated the student body but they were not yet ready for black teachers to impress knowledge upon white students and therefore would not accept <mask> as a teacher. To her dismay, she could not find a job that she desired so she worked in her aunt’s beauty salon for two years.Not only was it apparent to <mask> that working in her aunt’s salon did not fit into her career goals but it was also apparent to Charles Wilbur <mask>. He did not want to see <mask> lose sight of her goals and was her main advocate for her pursuit of a degree in librarianship. <mask> knew that <mask> had the right combination of academic success, determination, and a love for children and books to be triumphant in the program at the Carnegie Library School. Due to his encouragement, <mask> applied for the program and was accepted despite the school's apprehension about her race. Following her graduation, <mask> applied to libraries across the country that seemed most likely to hire an African-American librarian. <mask> was hired into the New York Public Library system where she remained until 1927. After leaving the New York Public Library system, <mask> achieved yet another first: she became the first African-American to take and pass the New York high school librarian's examination.After completion of the test, <mask> was appointed librarian at Seward Park High School in Brooklyn. On July 18, 1931, <mask> <mask> and Charles Wilbur <mask> were finally married. They had decided to delay marriage until this time to focus on their educations and careers. In addition to Mrs. <mask>’s success, Mr. <mask> was quite accomplished himself. He earned undergraduate and graduate degrees from the University of Pittsburgh and spent two years at Harvard in a quest for a doctorate, however he did not complete the requirements. While in Boston, <mask> was selected to become the president of Lincoln University of Missouri in Jefferson City, Missouri. After the wedding, the couple moved to Jefferson City so Florence could begin his appointment.<mask> took an eight-year hiatus from librarianship to take on the role of “First Lady” of Lincoln University. In Missouri, she was described as a stylish, soft-spoken librarian fond of social teas and reading clubs. In 1938 the couple moved again to follow another career opportunity for Florence, this time in Richmond, Virginia. <mask> was unable to find work for herself in Richmond and decided to take a position in Washington, D.C. away from her husband. The move to Washington, D.C. allowed <mask> to return to librarianship where she worked at Cordoza High School until 1945. Due to health complications, <mask> stopped working in the Washington, D.C. school system and returned to Richmond. <mask>’s health improved and allowed her to return to her career as a librarian.She worked in the Richmond school system at Maggie L. Walker Senior High School until 1965 when she retired from the field of librarianship. Although she was no longer in the work force, she and her husband remained passionate about social justice issues. <mask> noted in her 1968 alumni reunion class questionnaire that, "“My husband and I, being negroes, are especially interested in Civil Rights and better race relations. We work with our church, YWCA, and the Richmond Crusade for Voters toward that end.”

<mask> <mask> died in 1991 at the age of 93 in Richmond. Honors

<mask>’s contributions to librarianship were acknowledged decades after she became the first black woman in the United States to earn a degree in library science. She was honored by the University of Pittsburgh in 1981 with a Special Award for Outstanding Professional Service and again posthumously in 2004 with a plaque in the lobby of the Information Sciences Building. Additionally the American Library Association recognized her endeavors by honoring <mask> in their list “100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century,” where she was ranked number 34.Notes and references

External links

 Papers of <mask> <mask>, and <mask>, at the University of Pittsburgh

African-American historians
20th-century American historians
American librarians
American women librarians
1897 births
1991 deaths
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Oberlin College alumni
American women historians
African-American librarians
20th-century American women writers
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
African-American women writers

masks:
Virginia Proctor Powell Florence
Virginia Proctor Powell Florence
Proctor
) Powell
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
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Powell Florence
Powell Florence
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Florence
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Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Virginia Proctor
Powell
Florence
Powell Florence
Florence
Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
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Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Virginia Proctor
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Powell Florence
Virginia Proctor
Powell Florence
Charles Florence


type: original

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<mask> (born November 17, 1966) is an American guitarist. He has been a member of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, with whom he has recorded one studio album, since 2002. Fortus has also collaborated extensively with The Psychedelic Furs frontman <mask> and fellow Guns N' Roses bandmate Frank Ferrer. Aside from lead singer Axl Rose and keyboardist Dizzy Reed, <mask> is the longest-tenured member of Guns N' Roses, having been with the band continuously since 2002. Alongside his work in Guns N' Roses, <mask> is a former member of Love Spit Love, Thin Lizzy, and The Dead Daisies. Career

Early life and beginning career
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri. He began learning violin at 4 years old and the drums a year later.Fortus studied at the Conservatory of the Arts in St. Louis and Southern Illinois University and also played in several youth symphonies in the St. Louis area. The Eyes/Pale Divine (1984–91)
Fortus founded the band The Eyes in 1984. The four-piece alternative band independently released Freedom in a Cage, which was produced by David Probst. After signing with Atlantic Records, they changed their name to Pale Divine. They subsequently toured the U.S. in support of their only album, Straight to Goodbye, opening for The Psychedelic Furs. Love Spit Love and the Psychedelic Furs (1992–2000)

After the Psychedelic Furs split up, Fortus formed Love Spit Love with <mask> and Frank Ferrer in 1992. When the Furs re-formed in 2000, Fortus joined the group as second guitarist and played on the live album Beautiful Chaos: Greatest Hits Live.Love Spit Love went on an indefinite hiatus soon after. Loup Garou  (1995–98)

Fortus joined this NYC outfit for club dates and festivals over a three-year hitch that included dates in Europe and culminated with the recording of the band's third CD, Ten Wines from Job's Vineyard. Guns N' Roses (2002–present)

In 1999, Fortus was contacted by Guns N' Roses to audition as a potential replacement for the departing Robin Finck. However, the spot was ultimately filled by Buckethead. In 2002, guitarist Paul Tobias left Guns N' Roses, citing stress with touring. Fortus was touring Europe as guitarist for Enrique Iglesias in May 2002 when he got a call from his friend (and Guns N' Roses bassist) Tommy Stinson asking him to fly out to audition for the band. Fortus joined Guns N' Roses officially in July 2002.In Guns N' Roses, <mask> plays both rhythm guitar and occasional lead guitar. Lead singer Axl Rose is very pleased with <mask>'s work and has said, "He's an amazing lead player and very technically skilled. He really likes the pocket that Brain sets and the two of them click with Tommy so we finally have the real deal rhythm section, as <mask> is a proven professional. Basically, <mask>'s the guy that we always were looking for." Fortus recorded guitars for the band's 2008 album Chinese Democracy and appears on the live release Appetite for Democracy 3D. <mask> has been present at every tour since 2002, most recently at the Not in This Lifetime... Tour, playing alongside classic-era members Slash and Duff McKagan. The Dead Daisies (2013–16)

In 2013, <mask> joined the Dead Daisies with the likes of Jon Stevens and Dave Lowy as well as Guns N' Roses bandmates Frank Ferrer and Dizzy Reed.Their eponymous debut album was released on August 9, 2013. A second album, Revolucion, was released in 2015. <mask> left the Dead Daisies in 2016 to focus on Guns N' Roses. Other projects
Fortus was in a group called Honky Toast with Frank Ferrer, singer Eric J. Toast, and bassist E.Z. Bake. The group released one album, 1999's Watcha Gonna Do Honky?. Fortus has collaborated with techno-rock musician BT on several occasions, including touring with him in 2000.In March 2008, <mask> was one of the guest guitarists for the reunion shows of X Japan at the Tokyo Dome. He played with them three more times in 2018: on April 10 and 11 at Zepp Divercity and on April 14 at Coachella. In 2008, he joined the Danish rock/pop band the Storm on their tour. Fortus played guitar on their first record, Where the Storm Meets the Ground, and is a personal friend of lead singer Pernille Rosendahl and lead guitarist Johan Wohlert. Fortus provided guitar for former The Replacements and Guns N' Roses bassist Tommy Stinson's two solo albums. <mask> also recorded a cover of the James Bond theme for Guitar Hero World Tour and later played the song live as a solo spot during Guns N' Roses's 2012 tour. He has collaborated with singer-songwriter Lásse Kvernmo in a project called Sáivu.Fortus has also recorded or toured with acts such as Rihanna, N*SYNC, Nena, and Ben Folds, among others. Fortus is a member (alongside Ferrer) of New York–based band The Compulsions. Fortus briefly joined Thin Lizzy as lead guitarist in 2011. Equipment
Guitars: Paoletti Richard Fortus Signature #2 Guitar in White Leather. Gibson '73 Les Paul Signature, Gretsch White Falcon,
Effects: Hiwatt Tape Echo, Lexicon PCM80
Pedals: Klon Centaur, Hermida Mosferatu
Amps: 2 channel Cornford, '73 Jose-modded Marshall 100, Plexi Marshalls (modified), Diezel

Personal life
On November 5, 2005, Fortus's partner gave birth to a daughter, Paisley Piper <mask>. She gave birth to a second child, Clover Blue Fortus, on January 6, 2008. In September 2015, he was seriously injured in a motorcycle crash, causing him to miss dates with the Dead Daisies.Fortus suffered a broken shoulder blade, a broken collarbone, six broken ribs, a broken toe, a bruised lung, a lacerated liver, and a concussion. On December 10, 2016, Fortus married Stephanie Howlett, a St. Louis–based attorney. The couple resides in St. Louis County, Missouri, with their two daughters. Discography

With The Eyes/Pale Divine
Freedom in a Cage (1990)
Straight to Goodbye (1991)

With Love Spit Love
Love Spit Love (1994)
Trysome Eatone (1997)

With Tommy Stinson
Village Gorilla Head (2004)
One Man Mutiny (2011)

With BT
Movement in Still Life (1999)
Emotional Technology (2003)

With Loup Garou
Ten Wines from Job's Vineyard (1996)With Guns N' Roses:Chinese Democracy (2008)
Appetite for Democracy 3D (2014)With Michael Monroe:Sensory Overdrive (2011)With The Dead Daisies:The Dead Daisies (2013)
Revolución (2015)With The Compulsions:'Dirty Fun (2015)

With The Psychedelic Furs:
Beautiful Chaos: Greatest Hits Live (2001)
Made of Rain (2020)

With Thin Lizzy:
High Voltage Recorded Live: July 23rd 2011 (2011)

References

External links

 4tus.com – Official Website of <mask>

1966 births
American heavy metal guitarists
Rhythm guitarists
Guns N' Roses members
The Dead Daisies members
Living people
Love Spit Love members
Musicians from St. Louis
Guitarists from Missouri
20th-century American guitarists
Thin Lizzy members

masks:
Richard Fortus
Richard Butler
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<mask>o (born 1939), also known as <mask>, is a South Korean taekwondo practitioner. Early life
<mask> was born in Seoul in 1939, and  attended the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (HUFS) where he received a B.A. in Russian language and literature. He began studying gwonbeop  Kong Soo Do at an early age under the guidance of Nam Sok Lee, president of the Chang Moo Kwan Association in Seoul. In November 1994, <mask> was promoted to 10th degree black belt by his Senior Grandmaster, Hong Jong-Pyo, Taekwon Kwon Bop, in the Central YMCA, Seoul, establishing <mask> as one of the highest ranking karate instructors in the world. During years of practice and teaching, <mask> has taught many students, including the bodyguards of the late South Korean president, Syngman Rhee, U.S. Army units in South Korea, municipal police departments, youth organizations and students at universities in South Korea and Texas. <mask> arrived in the United States in January 1968 and has maintained a central school in Houston, Texas since September of that year.In September 1970, he inaugurated his martial arts system entitled Chayon-ryu (Natural Way). <mask> is fluent in Korean, English, Spanish and Russian; in addition, he understands and writes Chinese. <mask> plans on continuing to teach and to place emphasis on the spiritual as much as the physical aspect of martial arts. Noted Research
In the 1950s, Park Chul-hee mentioned to <mask> he thought their missing master, Yoon Byung-in, may be teaching in Russia. This inspired <mask> to study Russian language and literature in college in hope of traveling to Russia to find Yoon Byung-in. Since that time, <mask> has continued to preserve the chuan-fa curriculum from Yoon Byung-in, plus searched for Yoon. His research took <mask> all over the world including Japan, then Russia (Omsk and St. Petersburg) in 1994.<mask> was finally able to make contact with Yoon's family in South Korea, who were able to verify Yoon's chuan-fa training and life. <mask> maintains a relationship with the family to this day. Works
<mask>-soo is the author of three books:

1. Palgue 1-2-3 of Taekwondo Hyung, Ohara Publications, 1974. ISBD: 978-0897500081
2. Palgue 4-5-6, Ohara Publications, 1976. 3.Palgue 7-8, Ohara Publications, 1981. 4. тхэквондо, Russia publisher needed, 2000. He was the first correspondent from South Korea for Black Belt magazine (1964–68) and is regularly used as a historical consultant by various authors of martial arts. Honors and awards
1954 – Earns 1st degree Black Belt from Nam Sok Lee, in Chang Moo Kwan style of Kong Soo Do in Seoul, South Korea. 1958 – Teaches Special Police Detachment of first South Korean president, Syngman Rhee. 1961 – Teaches hand-to-hand combat training for Republic of Korea Army, Eighth Division. 1962 – Promoted 5th Dan at first promotion contest of the Korea Tae Soo Do Association.1963 – Graduates from HUFS with a BA in Russian language and literature. 1964 – Chief Instructor, Eighth U.S. Army and HQ I Corps, U. S. Army (1964–1967). 1967 – Promoted 6th-degree Black Belt by the South Korea Tae Kwon Do Association, Amateur Athletic Association. 1968 – <mask> founds <mask> Soo College of Taekwon-Karate in Houston. Promoted 7th Dan, Kang Duk Won Martial Arts Association, South Korea. (Burtman, 2001)
1970 – Birth of the Chayon-Ryu teaching method. August 15, <mask> receives citation from South Korean government for his contribution to elevating the Korean national image in the world.1973 – <mask> receives 7th-degree Black from South Korea Tae Kwon Do Association, and 7th-degree Black Belt from World Tae Kwon Do Federation. <mask> publishes Palgue 1, 2, 3. <mask> receives 6th-degree Black Belt from Korea Hapkido Association. 1974 – Publication of Palgue 4, 5, 6. 1976 – Publication of Palgue 7 & 8: "Black Belt Requirements". 1979 – <mask> receives 8th-degree Black Belt from Kang Duk Kwon; Kwon Bop Association; Korea Tae Kwon Do Association; World Tae Kwon Do Federation. 1984 – <mask> receives first summa cum laude Professor citation at Rice University (this has been repeated many times through the years).1985 – <mask> receives 9th-degree Black Belt from Master Park Chull Hee, Kang Duk Won; Kwon Bop Association. 1986 – Named by South Korean president Chun Doo-hwan, to serve on the Committee for the Reunification of Korea, an international "think tank" of leaders (term concluded in 1993). 1988 – 9th-degree Black Belt from Hong Jong Pyo, Taekwon Kwon Bop, Central YMCA, Seoul, South Korea. January 16 proclaimed "Grandmaster <mask> Day" by Houston Mayor Kathryn J. Whitmire, honoring <mask>'s 20 years in the city. (Burtman, 2001)
1993 – On July 16 <mask> is honored by Texas Governor Ann Richards for his 25 years of dedication and service. <mask> receives Presidential commendation by U.S. President Bill Clinton. 1994 – In November, <mask> is promoted to 10th degree Black Belt by his Senior Grandmaster, Hong Jong Pyo, Taekwon Kwon Bop, Central YMCA, Seoul, South Korea.1997 – CBS "Inside Edition" featured Chayon-Ryu Martial Arts with a demonstration by <mask> and Master <mask>. On May 24, <mask> was inducted into the Texas Martial Arts Hall of Fame as "Grandmaster of the Year." Chayon-Ryu was chosen as "Best School" in Texas for 1997 as well. A permanent display will be included in the Texas Sports Hall of Fame in Waco. In June, <mask> is inducted into the World Karate Union Hall of Fame in Pennsylvania, as "Karate Grandmaster of the Year" in America and receives the "Lifetime Achievement Award of Honor" for training and teaching more than 30 years in the Martial Arts. In September, <mask> is inducted into the International Martial Arts Hall of Fame in Orlando, Florida, as "Texas Grandmaster of the Year 1997." 2007 – April 6 - <mask> was inducted into the Tae Kwon Do Hall of Fame as "Pioneer Journalist & Historian" to honor his role as a correspondent for Black Belt magazine.2010 – <mask> received a Hall of Fame award from the U.S. Taekwondo Grandmasters Society for Literary Achievement. 2010 – <mask> received a proclamation from the Texas Senate in recognition of his 42nd anniversary in Texas. 2011 – <mask> was selected as a guest speaker at the United States Taekwondo Grandmaster Society banquet in Los Angeles. 2011 – <mask> was invited to instruct a seminar at the Sport For All Busan Association, held at the Olympic Memorial Community Hall in Busan, South Korea. 2011 – <mask> was invited to perform a Chayon-Ryu demonstration at the International Youth Judo Championships at Dong-A University in Busan, South Korea. 2011 – Black Belt Magazine (September 2011 issue) features <mask>'s article, "Taekwondo For Health: Train Smart Now and Your Body Will Thank You Later." 2012 – <mask> was invited to participate and demonstrate Chayon-Ryu at the XXII Asiana Sport For All Association (ASFAA) Congress 2012 held in Delhi, India.2012 – <mask> was invited by the Taekwondo Promotion Foundation, Inc. to film the Kwon-Beop legacy from Grandmaster Yoon Byung-in at Yong-In University. This filming included Kwon-Beop Hyung and pre-arranged sparring techniques. 2012 – <mask> received a Certificate of Donation (No. 12-006) for the supply of old historical articles written by him for Black Belt magazine
2013 – On January 16 <mask> received a proclamation from Houston Mayor, Annise Parker and the Houston City Council on his Sapphire(45th) Anniversary of the founding of Kim Soo Karate, Inc.
2013 – On May 24 Texas State Resolution 989, sponsored by Senator John Whitmire, was presented to <mask> in the Texas Senate Chamber of the Texas Capitol in Austin, Texas. This resolution honored <mask> on his 45th anniversary of founding the Chayon-Ryu martial art system and his outstanding contributions to the community. 2016 - <mask> receives Proclamation from Houston mayor, Sylvester Turner. 2018 - <mask> receives a proclamation from the Texas Senate (#478) for the 50th anniversary of <mask>'s Chayon-Ryu Martial Arts System in Houston, Texas.2018 - <mask> was named Black Belt Magazine's Instructor of the Year. References

 <mask>. Palgue 7, 8 of Tae Kwon Do Hyung. 3rd ed. n.d.
 Burtman, Bob. "In the Chops; A master of self-defense... ." Houston Press (Texas) 25 January 2001: News. Print.Richards, Joey. "Students get their kicks in the sand." Associated Press August 11, 1999: Sports News. Print. McLain, Robert. "Korean Martial Arts History." Black Belt Magazine'' January 2008.Print. Living people
South Korean emigrants to the United States
Rice University people
Date of birth missing (living people)
South Korean male taekwondo practitioners
1939 births

masks:
Kim Pyung so
Kim Soo
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim Pyung
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim
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Kim
Kim
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Kim Soo
Kim
Kim
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Kim Geary
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Kim Soo


texts:
Major General Sir <mask>,  (26 October 1863 – 19 September 1930) was an Australian Army officer, medical doctor, and politician. He was the first Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross (VC), the highest decoration for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that can be awarded to members of the British and Commonwealth armed forces. <mask> was born in Somerset, England, and followed his father into the medical profession. He immigrated to Australia in 1889 and eventually settled in Orange, New South Wales. During the Boer War, <mask> served with the Australian medical corps. He was awarded the VC for his rescue of a wounded man at Vredefort in July 1900, while under heavy rifle fire. During the First World War, <mask> served in New Guinea, Gallipoli, and on the Western Front.He oversaw the medical services of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) and finished the war with the rank of major-general. He was elected to parliament in 1922, and was subsequently appointed to cabinet by Stanley Bruce. He served as Minister for Defence (1925–1927), Health (1925–1927; 1928–1929), and Home and Territories (1928). Early life
<mask> was born in Stogursey, Somerset, England, the son of Lucy Elizabeth (née Conroy) and <mask>. He was educated at Fullard's House School in Taunton. He chose to follow his father (a surgeon) into the medical profession, studying medicine at London Hospital. He attained the qualifications MRCS and LRCP in 1886, and subsequently became a demonstrator in anatomy at the University of Durham.In 1889, <mask> immigrated to Australia for health reasons. He initially settled in Newcastle, New South Wales, but later moved to Taree. He returned to England in 1895 for further studies, obtaining the rank of FRCS in 1897. He moved back to Australia in 1899 and bought a medical practice in Orange, which would remain his primary residence for the next 30 years except during his overseas military service. Military service

Boer War
Howse served in the Second Boer War with the Second Contingent of the New South Wales Army Medical Corps, Australian Forces, arriving at East London, Eastern Cape, in February 1900 as a lieutenant. On 24 July 1900, during the action at Vredefort, South Africa, <mask> saw a trumpeter fall, and went through very heavy cross-fire to rescue the man. His horse was soon shot from under him, but he continued on foot, reached the casualty, dressed his wound, and then carried him to safety.For this action, <mask> was awarded the Victoria Cross. The award was gazetted on 4 June 1901 and the original citation reads:

He thus became the first recipient of the Victoria Cross serving in the Australian armed forces; his medal is on display at the Australian War Memorial in Canberra. <mask> was subsequently promoted to captain on 15 October 1900. The Second Contingent left South Africa via Cape Town on 13 December 1900 on the S.S. Orient, however <mask> had been invalided to Britain on 28 November 1900. <mask> subsequently returned to Australia at the end of February 1901. Following the gazetting of his VC, <mask> was presented with the medal in a ceremony at Victoria Barracks, Sydney on 4 December 1901. Also at the ceremony were Captain A. Heathcote and Sergeant J. Paton, prior recipients of the VC for actions during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, who had subsequently migrated to New South Wales.<mask> returned to South Africa as a major with the Australian Army Medical Corps (AAMC) in command of the Bearer Company, arriving at Durban in Natal on 17 March 1902. Following service in Natal, Orange River Colony and Western Transvaal (attached to Colonel A.W. Thornycroft's Mounted Infantry Column), at the conclusion of the war he became seriously ill. He was again invalided to Britain on 6 July 1902, with the remainder of the AAMC contingent departing for Australia on 8 July 1902. <mask> eventually returned to Australia in November 1902. In 1905 <mask> married Evelyn Pilcher in Bathurst, and was twice elected to serve as mayor of the City of Orange. First World War

When the First World War began, <mask> was appointed principal medical officer to the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force to German New Guinea, with the rank of lieutenant colonel.Following his time in New Guinea, he was appointed Assistant Director of Medical Services 1st Australian Division. During the Gallipoli campaign he took charge of evacuating wounded men from the beach in the campaign’s opening days. In 1917 at the Dardanelles commission, he described the arrangements for dealing with wounded men at Gallipoli as inadequate to the point of 'criminal negligence'. He was Mentioned in Despatches for his service in this campaign. In September 1915 he was given command of ANZAC medical services and in November became director of the AIF’s medical services, with the rank of surgeon-general. When the Australian Imperial Force moved to France, <mask> took up a position in London, overseeing medical services in France, Egypt and Palestine. At the beginning of 1917 he was promoted to major general.<mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) in the 1915 King's Birthday Honours, was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) on 22 January 1917, and appointed Knight of Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1919. From 1921 to 1925 he was Director-General of Medical Services. Politics

In 1922, <mask> resigned his army commission to enter politics, as regulations at the time forbade political campaigning by members of the regular army. He was elected to the House of Representatives, standing for the Nationalist Party in the Division of Calare. He subsequently represented Australia at the League of Nations Assembly in 1923. In January 1925, <mask> was elevated to cabinet by Prime Minister Stanley Bruce as Minister for Defence and Minister for Health. In the defence portfolio his primary responsibility was for repatriation.He was a member of the Australian delegation to the 1926 Imperial Conference in London, but was taken ill and had to resign his portfolios in April 1927. He was kept on in the ministry as an honorary minister without portfolio. In February 1928, <mask> was reappointed Minister for Health and also made Minister for Home and Territories. He relinquished the latter portfolio in November 1928 after that year's election. <mask> made a significant impact during his two periods as health minister. He helped establish the Federal Health Council of Australia, supported the formation of the Australian College of Surgeons and the first conference of Australian cancer organisations, and was instrumental in the decision to site the Australian Institute of Anatomy in Canberra. In 1928, he convinced cabinet to spend the considerable sum of £100,000 to establish one of the world's first radium banks, allowing Australia to become a centre of radiological research.He was also credited with inspiring public confidence in Commonwealth Serum Laboratories and the government's immunisation programs, at a time when a series of fatalities had led to a distrust of immunisation among the general population. <mask> lost his seat in parliament in the Labor landslide at the 1929 election. Death and legacy

In February 1930, <mask> travelled to England for medical treatment for cancer, but died on 19 September 1930, and is buried at Kensal Green Cemetery, London. His son, <mask>, was member for Calare from 1946 to 1960. A statue by Peter Dornan depicting <mask>'s act of bravery is on display at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, Melbourne. A postage stamp commemorating <mask> was issued by Australia Post in 2000. A one dollar coin designed by Wojciech Pietranik commemorating the centenary of <mask>'s feat of arms was issued by the Royal Australian Mint in 2000.He was a freemason. Honours and awards

Notes

References

The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
Victoria Crosses of the Anglo-Boer War (Ian Uys, 2000)
Who’s who in Australian Military History

External links

 "The emerging office of the Surgeon General", Lieutenant Colonel Robert L Pearce, Australian Defence Force Health Journal, April 2002
Biographical Notes by Ross Mallett on his AIF Order of Battle pages. Speech at launch of commemorative stamp issue by John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia in Orange, New South Wales, 23 July 2000. Australian Nurses in the Second Boer War – notes on the New South Wales Medical Corps in South Africa. Record on AIF Project database

1863 births
1930 deaths
Australian Army officers
Australian generals
Australian recipients of the Victoria Cross
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Calare
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Nationalist Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
People from Orange, New South Wales
People from West Somerset (district)
Second Boer War recipients of the Victoria Cross
English emigrants to Australia
Australian Freemasons
Defence ministers of Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
Australian Ministers for Health

masks:
Neville Reginald Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Alfred Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse
John Howse
Howse
Howse
Howse


texts:
<mask><mask> (born August 30, 1946) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) with the Cleveland Browns in 1970. Over the course of his career, he played in two games, completed 2 of 19 passes for 67 yards, threw no touchdowns and three interceptions, and finished his career with a passer rating of 2.2. <mask> played college football at Hofstra University where he set many school passing records. After graduating, he was signed by the Browns. The team kept him on the roster from 1968 to 1972, though he was only an active player in 1970. He played in two games and started one, earning a victory despite a passer rating of zero. After the Browns released him in 1972, he had offseason stints with the San Diego Chargers, Edmonton Eskimos, New York Jets, and New York Stars before retiring.College career
<mask> played high school football for John Adams High School in Queens, then played college football for the Hofstra Pride. After sitting out his freshman year, he was awarded the starting quarterback job as a sophomore in 1965. In his third start for Hofstra, he completed 21 of 33 passes and threw for a school record 315 yards in a 35-13 win over Kings Point Academy. A month later, he broke his own record and threw for 345 yards after completing 17 of 25 passes in a 42-28 win over Temple. For the season he completed 158 passes for 20 touchdowns and 2,134 yards. <mask>'s junior year was considered to have been a disappointment due to ineffectiveness and a 2-8 overall record, but his career passing yards through two full seasons set a school record. <mask>'s senior season performances included a 325-yard, four touchdown performance, after which he was named to the weekly All-East All-Star football team.In his last collegiate game against C. W. Post College, he completed 11 of 20 passes for 220 yards in a 19-0 win, giving Hofstra an 8-2 record his senior year with seven of the eight wins being shutouts. Over the course of his career, <mask> broke school records for passing yards and completions in a season and career, but also had 22 interceptions in 30 career games. After his graduation, coach Howdy Myers said of him, "he has a quick release and can throw accurately both long and short." Professional career
<mask> went undrafted in the 1968 NFL Draft, and was signed by the Cleveland Browns as a free agent. Heading into training camp, he was one of five quarterbacks looking for a roster spot, the others being Frank Ryan, Gary Lane, Dick Shiner, and fellow undrafted rookie Jim Alcorn. By the end of the preseason, <mask> was cut from the active roster, and spent the 1968 season on the practice squad, but was noted as someone who could be the Browns' future starting quarterback. Before the 1969 season began, <mask> joined the military reserves.While training at Fort Dix from June to November, he played in the Continental Football League with the Jersey Jays. After his training ended, he returned to the team's practice squad. He was placed on the active roster as a third-string emergency quarterback in case the Browns needed him during the postseason. During the offseason, <mask> worked as an insurance broker while remaining on the Browns roster. The Browns had three quarterbacks on their roster entering the 1970 season in <mask>, Bill Nelsen, and Mike Phipps. As training camp began, Browns coach Blanton Collier planned to use <mask> in exhibition games, as he was throwing the ball well in practice during the summer. By the end of preseason, <mask> was named to the active roster as the Browns retained all three quarterbacks, an uncommon move at the time.During the Browns' second game against the San Francisco 49ers, starting quarterback Nelsen was injured, leading <mask> to enter the game in the fourth quarter. He completed a pass to Gary Collins for 23 yards, threw an incompletion, and threw an interception to Dave Wilcox, allowing the 49ers to go on a game-winning drive in a 34-31 Browns loss. Due to Nelsen's injury, <mask> was given the start in next week's game against the Pittsburgh Steelers, facing off against fellow rookie and first overall draft pick, Terry Bradshaw. In his only career start, he completed one pass for 44 yards in 16 attempts, threw two interceptions, and finished the game with a 0.0 passer rating. He also led the Browns to only three first downs during the first half, and as a result Phipps took over at quarterback; the Browns went on to win the game, 15-7. Nelsen recovered from the injury the following week and turn back over for the Browns at quarterback; <mask> did not play another snap that season. Entering the 1971 season, <mask> modified his throwing style after discussion with new head coach Nick Skorich, and was throwing better in training camp as a result.After training camp ended, however, he was placed on the practice squad, where he remained throughout the season. In 1972, the Browns drafted Brian Sipe, giving <mask> competition for the third quarterback spot, which was noted as a main position battle in training camp for the Browns that season. At the end of training camp, Sipe won the job, and <mask> was cut. He was picked up by the San Diego Chargers in late August. He competed with Wayne Clark for the backup quarterback job for a short time, and did not see any playing time for the Chargers before his release. He also spent time with the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League, but did not see any playing time with them. He later noted that he was unable to adjust to the game of Canadian football, as he was unable to throw a spiral due to the football being shorter and fatter.The New York Jets signed <mask> as a free agent in 1973, and he was slated to compete with Al Woodall for the backup quarterback spot behind Joe Namath. At the end of preseason, he lost the backup spot to Woodall, and was released. The following year, <mask> signed with the New York Stars of the new World Football League in April. After practicing with the team throughout the offseason, he was released in August, ending his professional career. References

External links
<mask> at Pro-Football-Reference

1946 births
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football quarterbacks
Cleveland Browns players
Continental Football League players
Edmonton Elks players
Hofstra Pride football players
Living people
New York Jets players
New York Stars players
People from Lynbrook, New York
Players of American football from New York (state)
San Diego Chargers players
John Adams High School (Queens) alumni

masks:
Donald J
. Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Gault
Don Gault


texts:
<mask> (August 17, 1837 – July 23, 1914) was an African American anti-slavery activist, poet, and educator. She grew up in a prominent abolitionist family in Philadelphia. She taught school for years, including during the Civil War, to freedmen in South Carolina. Later in life she married <mask>, a Presbyterian minister who led a major church in Washington, DC, for decades. He was a nephew of the abolitionist Grimké sisters and was active in civil rights. Her diaries written before the end of the Civil War have been published in numerous editions in the 20th century and are significant as a rare record of the life of a free black woman in the antebellum North. Early life and education
<mask>, known as "Lottie," was born on August 17, 1837, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Mary Virginia Wood (1815 – 1840) and <mask> (1813 – 1864).Paternal family lineage
Her father <mask> and his brother-in-law Robert Purvis were abolitionists and members of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee, an anti-slavery network that rendered assistance to escaped slaves. Her paternal grandfather, the wealthy sailmaker <mask> Sr., was an early abolitionist in Philadelphia. Her paternal aunts –  Margaretta <mask>, Sarah Louisa <mask> Purvis, and <mask> Purvis – and her paternal grandmother, <mask> <mask>, were all founding members of the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society. Maternal family lineage
While the Fortens were free northern blacks, <mask>'s mother, Mary Virginia Wood, had been born into slavery in the south. She was the daughter of wealthy planter James Cathcart Johnston of Hayes Plantation, Edenton, North Carolina, and the granddaughter of Governor Samuel Johnston of North Carolina. <mask>'s maternal grandmother, Edith "Edy" Wood (1795 – 1846) was the slave of Captain James Wood, owner of the Eagle Inn and Tavern in Hertford, Perquimans County, North Carolina. Edy Wood and the wealthy planter James Cathcart Johnston carried on a longstanding relationship and had four daughters: Mary Virginia, Caroline (1827 – 1836), Louisa (1828 – 1836), and Annie E. (1831 – 1879).Johnston emancipated Edy and their children in 1832 and settled them in Philadelphia in 1833 where they rented a Pine Street home for two years from Sarah Allen, widow of Richard Allen of Philadelphia's Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church. From 1835 through 1836, Edy Wood and her children boarded with Elizabeth Willson, mother of Joseph Willson, author of Sketches of Black Upper Class Life in Antebellum Philadelphia. Woods–Forten marriage and family life
After Mary Virginia Wood's 1836 marriage to Robert B<mask>, her mother Edy joined the Forten household and paid board to her son-in-law. When Mary died of tuberculosis in 1840, Edy continued to care for her grandchild <mask> alongside <mask>'s young aunt, Annie Wood, who was only six years older. Upon Edy Wood's death in 1846, <mask> was raised by various members of the Forten-Purvis family, while her aunt Annie moved to the Cassey House, where she was adopted by Amy Matilda Cassey. In 1854, Forten joined the household of Amy Matilda Cassey and her second husband, Charles Lenox Remond, in Salem, Massachusetts, where she attended the Higginson Grammar School, a private academy for young women. She was the only non-white student in a class of 200.The school offered classes in history, geography, drawing, and cartography, with special emphasis placed on critical thinking skills. After Higginson, Forten studied literature and education at the Salem Normal School, which trained teachers. Forten cited William Shakespeare, John Milton, Margaret Fuller and William Wordsworth as some of her favorite authors. Her first teaching position was at Eppes Grammar School in Salem, becoming the first African American hired to teach white students in a Salem public school. Activism
<mask> became a member of the Salem Female Anti-Slavery Society, where she was involved in coalition building and fund-raising. She proved to be influential as an activist and leader on civil rights. Forten occasionally spoke to public groups on abolitionist issues.In addition, she arranged for lectures by prominent speakers and writers, including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Senator Charles Sumner. Forten was acquainted with many other anti-slavery proponents, including William Lloyd Garrison, editor of The Liberator, and the orators and activists Wendell Phillips, Maria Weston Chapman and William Wells Brown. In 1892, <mask>, Helen Appo Cook, Ida B. Bailey, Anna Julia Cooper, Mary Jane Patterson, Mary Church Terrell, and Evelyn Shaw formed the Colored Women's League in Washington, D.C. The goals of the service-oriented club were to promote unity, social progress, and the best interests of the African American community. In 1896, Forten assisted in starting the National Association of Colored Women. Forten stayed active in activist circles until her death. Teaching career
In 1856, finances forced Forten to take a teaching position at Epes Grammar School in Salem.She was well received as a teacher but returned to Philadelphia after two years due to tuberculosis. At this point, <mask> began writing poetry, much of which was activist in theme. Her poetry was published in The Liberator and Anglo African magazines. During the American Civil War, <mask> was the first black teacher to join the mission to the South Carolina Sea Islands known as the Port Royal Experiment. The Union allowed Northerners to set up schools to begin teaching freedmen who remained on the islands, which had been devoted to large plantations for cotton and rice. <mask> was the first African American to teach at the Penn School (now the Penn Center) on St. Helena's Island, South Carolina. The school was initially founded to teach enslaved African-American children and eventually African-American children freed during the U.S. Civil War.The Union forces divided the land, giving freedmen families plots to work independently. Forten worked with many freedmen and their children on St. Helena Island. During this time, she resided at Seaside Plantation. She chronicled this time in her essays, entitled "Life on the Sea Islands," which were published in Atlantic Monthly in the May and June issues of 1864. <mask> struck up a deep friendship with Robert Gould Shaw, the Commander of the all-black 54th Massachusetts Regiment during the Sea Islands Campaign. She was present when the 54th stormed Fort Wagner on the night of July 18, 1863. Shaw was killed in the battle, and <mask> volunteered as a nurse to the surviving members of the 54th.Following the war in the late 1860s, she worked for the U.S. Treasury Department in Washington, DC, recruiting teachers. In 1872, <mask> taught at Paul Laurence Dunbar High School. One year later, she became a clerk in the Treasury Department. Marriage and family

In December 1878, <mask> married Presbyterian minister Francis J<mask>, pastor of the prominent Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Church in Washington, D.C., a major African-American congregation. He was a mixed-race nephew of white abolitionists Sarah and <mask> of South Carolina. Francis and his brother <mask> were the sons of <mask> and Nancy Weston (a woman of color). At the time of their marriage, <mask> was 41 years old and Grimké was 28.On January 1, 1880, <mask> and Francis' daughter Theodora Cornelia <mask> was born, but the child died less than five months later. <mask> <mask> assisted her husband in his ministry, helping create important networks in the community, including providing charity and education. Many church members were leaders in the African-American community in the capital. She organized a women's missionary group and focused on "racial uplift" efforts. When Francis' brother Archibald Grimke was appointed as U.S. consul in the Dominican Republic (1894–98), Francis and <mask> cared for his daughter Angelina Weld <mask>, who lived with them in the capital. <mask> later became an author in her own right. Details of <mask> <mask>'s health and travels during the 1880s and 1890s are documented in the recently discovered letters of Louisa M. Jacobs, daughter of fugitive-slave-narrative author Harriet Ann Jacobs.The <mask>ke House in Washington, D.C., is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Writings
<mask> <mask>'s last literary effort was in response to The Evangelist editorial, "Relations of Blacks and Whites: Is There a Color Line in New England?" It asserted that blacks were not discriminated against in New England society. <mask> <mask> responded that black Americans achieved success over extraordinary social odds, and they simply wanted fair and respectful treatment. <mask> <mask> was a regular journal writer until she returned north after teaching in South Carolina. After her return, her entries were less frequent, although she wrote about her daughter's death and her busy life with her husband. Her journals are a rare example of documents detailing the life of a free black female in the antebellum North.In her diary on December 14, 1862, <mask> made a reference to "the blues" as a sad or depressed state of mind. She was teaching in South Carolina at the time and wrote that she came home from a church service "with the blues" because she "felt very lonesome and pitied myself." She soon got over her sadness and later noted certain songs, including one called Poor Rosy, that were popular among the slaves. <mask> admitted that she could not describe the manner of singing but she did write that the songs "can't be sung without a full heart and a troubled spirit." Those conditions inspired countless blues songs and could be described as the essence of blues singing. See also

References

Bibliography
 Billington, Ray, ed., The Journal of Charlotte Forten: A Free Negro in the Slave Era, New York: Norton, 1981. Randall, Willard Sterne and Nahra, Nancy.Forgotten Americans:  Footnote Figures who Changed American History. Perseus Books Group, United States, 1998. Shockley, Ann Allen, Afro-American Women Writers 1746–1933: An Anthology and Critical Guide, New Haven, Connecticut: Meridian Books, 1989. Stevenson, Brenda, ed., The Journals of Charlotte Forten, New York: Oxford Press, 1988. Winch, Julie, A Gentleman of Color: The Life of <mask>, New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. External links
 "Journal of <mask>en, Free Woman of Color", Selections from 1854 to 1859 (age 16 to 21), National Humanities Center

1837 births
1914 deaths
African-American abolitionists
African-American women writers
African-American writers
American diarists
American essayists
Pennsylvania political activists
Activists from Philadelphia
Salem State University alumni
American women essayists
People from Saint Helena Island, South Carolina
Forten family
Women diarists
Grimké family
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

masks:
Charlotte Louise Bridges Forten Grimké
Francis James Grimké
Forten
Robert Bridges Forten
Robert Forten
James Forten
Forten
Forten
Harriet Forten
Charlotte Vandine
Forten
Charlotte
Charlotte
. Forten
Charlotte
Charlotte
Charlotte
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
Forten
. Grimké
Angelina Grimké
Archibald Grimké
Henry Grimké
Forten
Charlotte
Grimké
Charlotte Forten
Grimké
Charlotte
Grimké
Angelina Grimké
Charlotte Forten
Grimké
Charlotterim
Charlotte Forten
Grimké
Forten
Grimké
Charlotte Forten
Grimké
Forten
Forten
James Forten
Charlotte Fort


texts:
<mask> (26 September 1927 – 16 October 2009) was bishop of the Diocese of Rupert's Land in the Anglican Church of Canada from 1970 to 1982. <mask>'s episcopacy was "transformational and visionary." Birth and education
<mask> was born in Essex, England He was educated at Brentwood School and St John's College, Cambridge. He received an honours degree in history and divinity at St. John's College in 1949. He received a licentiate in theology from the Montreal Diocesan Theological College in 1951, and a bachelor of divinity at McGill University in 1951. He later received a master's degree from St. John's College, in Cambridge, and a doctor of divinity at St John's College in Winnipeg. Career as priest

<mask> was ordained a priest in the Anglican Diocese of Montreal in 1952.He began his career as a priest as a curate at Christ Church Cathedral, Montreal and then the incumbent at Chateauguay-Beauharnois, Quebec. He was Director of Religious Education for the Diocese of Montreal then Rector of Saint Lambert. Later he became Dean of Montreal serving in that capacity until he was ordained to the episcopate as the ninth Bishop of the Diocese of Rupert's Land in 1970. An Anglican Bishops' Group Life Laboratory was held 30 July – 10 August 1963, at the Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Massachusetts. The Laboratory was jointly sponsored by Anglican Church of Canada and the Protestant Episcopal Church. <mask> served as one of the twelve members of the staff. Career as bishop

<mask> was consecrated Bishop Coadjutor on 24 June 1969, and became Diocesan Bishop in 1970.<mask>'s episcopacy was <mask>'s episcopacy was "transformational and visionary." In his twelve years as bishop, <mask> "transformed" the Diocese of Rupert's Land in the following ways:
<mask> started Diocesan Festivals that "brought together people from all areas of the diocese for education and fellowship." "During his episcopacy, baptised children were admitted to communion." <mask> was instrumental in the reactivation of "theological education" at St John's College, Winnipeg. He encouraged clergy to engage in lifelong education and developed a sabbatical leave policy to enable them to do so. <mask> instituted the Annual Clergy Residential Conference which continues under the name of Clergy and Lay Professionals Residential Conference. He was instrumental in establishing the Rupert’s Land Capital Fund to "make grants and loans to the Synod of the Diocese of Rupert's Land and to its parishes or other institutions."In 1978, he performed the first ordinations of women in Rupert's Land. <mask> met regularly with leaders of other denominations, which led to Anglican-Roman Catholic clergy gatherings. From 27 February to 3 March 1978, there was a meeting sponsored by the Anglican Consultative Council and the Roman Catholic Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity. There were five members from each sponsoring group. Bishop <mask> was one of the five from the Anglican Communion and served as co-chairman for the meeting. Lambeth Conference
<mask> attended the 1978 Lambeth Conference of Anglican bishops in England. While there he played on a cricket team of bishops attending the Conference.<mask> was the big scorer for his winning team. He used a cricket swing he had perfected while he was a student at Cambridge University. <mask> wrote one of the forty articles written for the bishops who would attend the 1978 Lambeth Conference. His article was on "Women in the Ministry," In his article, <mask> showed that "many of the caring, pastoring, supportive aspects of ministry are basically feminine attitudes." He argued that "a proper affirmation of the femininity of ministry" is essential "to a balanced experience for the church." <mask>'s self-assessment
In his tenth year as bishop, <mask> told the Rupert's Land News that he counted among his most important achievements "the quality of openness in our decision making, in our relationships, in our commitment and in our participation, which is of fundamental importance for our community and for our mission in ministry." Attitude toward homosexuality
Concerning a homosexual candidate for ordination, <mask> said that he would consider "exactly the same [factors] as if he were heterosexual."In deciding a candidate's suitability for the priesthood, <mask> said that his homosexuality would be of "no significance whatsoever." Accused in sex scandal
In 1986, a priest in the Diocese of Rupert's Land pleaded guilty to sexual molestation of a 13-year-old boy. The boy's family said that earlier complaints about the priest had been made to Bishop <mask> and that the bishop had done nothing. <mask>, who in 1986 had retired from Rupert's Land, said that he had received "only one" complaint and that he had immediately removed the priest as director of a diocesan summer camp. Retirement
Bishop <mask> was only 55 in 1982 when he retired. He said that he did so "because I don't think it's a good idea for people to have the same bishop for too many years." He added that while he was in office, he "tried to stir up and share whatever gifts the Lord has given me; now, I truly believe, the time has come for me to offer you the gift of my absence."In one of his sermons as a retired bishop, <mask> said something that was quoted online in 2015: "I want to be the kind of listener who listens so deeply I risk allowing you to change my mind." In 1985 <mask> was made an assistant bishop in the Episcopal Diocese of Maryland, where he served until he was abruptly fired by Bishop Theodore Eastman in 1988. Another version of the event says that <mask> "stepped down under difficult circumstances." In 1997, <mask> served at St. Paul's, K Street, in Washington, D.C. "as interim rector (clergyman in charge)". When the episcopal visit of a female bishop upset the parish, <mask> helped the parish calm down. Musician
<mask> first played the organ for a service in an Anglican church at the age of thirteen. He was at one time, both organist at McGill University and assistant organist at the Cathedral of the Anglican Diocese of Montreal.During retirement, <mask> had time to gratify his passion for music. For a time, he served as rector, organist and choir director of the Anglican Parish of Salt Spring Island, B.C. On Salt Spring Island, <mask> gave an organ recital twice a week. He appeared regularly both as soloist and as accompanist to singers and fellow musicians. He "delighted audiences not only with his playing but also with his lucid and humorous commentaries." Death

<mask> died Friday, 16 October 2009 on Salt Spring Island, BC. A memorial service was held on Sunday, 25 October 2009 at St. John's Anglican Cathedral in Winnipeg.He was survived by his wife Johnian Carolyn Evans

A son, <mask>, played international cricket for the Canadian national side, and took Canada's first wicket in One Day Internationals. References

1927 births
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Anglican Church of Canada archdeacons
Deans of Montreal
20th-century Anglican Church of Canada bishops
Anglican bishops of Rupert's Land
2009 deaths
English emigrants to Canada

masks:
Barry Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
John Valentine


texts:
<mask> (Pronounced: KAHN-nell) (born November 17, 1965) is a former professional tennis player from Canada, and has been a real estate agent for the past 14 years in Vancouver. He specializes in West Vancouver North Vancouver and Downtown properties real estate transactions. He is considered one of the world's top doubles player from the early to late -1990s, reaching the world No. 1 doubles ranking in November 1993. <mask> won 22 doubles titles during his eleven seasons on the ATP Tour (1986 to 1997). He won his first four with fellow Canadian Glenn Michibata. Upon Michibata's retirement from the tour, <mask> joined Patrick Galbraith.The <mask> tandem won 12 titles together, including the 1995 season ending Doubles Championships tournament. <mask>'s next main partner became Byron Black with whom he won four more titles. He also won a title each with Todd Martin and Scott Davis. He was a three-time Wimbledon doubles finalist, twice with Galbraith and once with Black. A left-hander, <mask> best singles ranking was world No. 67, which he reached in June 1991. His best tour singles results were reaching the semifinals of the 1991 Chicago, 1991 Singapore, and 1992 Auckland Grand Prix events.<mask>'s best Grand Slam singles results were reaching the third round of the 1991 Australian Open and 1994 Wimbledon. A solid grass-court player, <mask> had Andre Agassi on the ropes in their first round encounter at Wimbledon in 1991. In that match, <mask> served a gutsy second serve ace to win the third set tie-breaker and go up two sets to one. Agassi however won the final two sets 7–5, 6–3, to take the match. (The following year at Wimbledon saw Agassi win his first Grand Slam event.) As well, <mask> reached five mixed semifinals at Wimbledon. The majority of those with his highly ranked partner Lindsay Davenport.Reporters have noted that neither one of them seemed too concerned about winning any title but had a lot of fun losing. <mask> played Davis Cup for Canada on numerous occasions posting a career 15–6 win-loss record in doubles and an equally impressive 8–3 record in singles. He was a member of Canada's 1991 and 1992 Davis Cup teams winning all three needed matches in each of those wins to put Canada in to the World Group for its first two times in canadian tennis history. Awards: Winner of the “Spirit of Sport” national award for the athlete who gives back the most to charity and their sport;
Member of the Canadian Tennis Hall of Fame, Canadian Open Hall of Fame, BC Sports Hall of Fame, Texas A&M University Hall of Fame, and B.C. Summer Swimming Hall of Fame. As a college player
Growing up in North Vancouver, <mask> was an All-American in doubles in 1984 and in singles in 1985 at Texas A&M University. Ranked No.5 in singles in NCAA‘s and undefeated in the SWC in singles play in ‘85 that same year before turning pro, he lost in the quarterfinals of the NCAA individual tennis championships to fellow future touring pro Mikael Pernfors. As a touring pro

1984, 1985
While still an amateur, <mask> played the Player's International twice as a wild card entry, losing in the first round of the main draw each time. In 1984 he lost to world No. 17, Joakim Nyström, 4–6, 3–6, while the following summer <mask> fell to world No. 47, 6–7, 3–6. On December 30, 1985, <mask> was ranked by the ATP No. 570T in singles and No.724T in doubles. 1986
<mask> played the San Luis Potosí Challenger in March, reaching the second round in both singles and doubles. He defeated world No. 327, Evan Ratner, 6–1, 6–4, before losing to world No. 415, Karl Richter, 6–3, 6–7, 3–6, while in doubles, he and partner Mark Greenan, also Canadian, lost their second round match to Mark Wooldridge and Derek Tarr in a third set tie-break. In July, <mask> played two further Challengers. At the Schenectady Challenger, he and Greenan lost in the first round in doubles.At the Berkeley Challenger the following week, <mask> and Greenan again lost in the first round, while in singles <mask> reached the semifinals, defeating Charles Buzz Strode, Russell Simpson, and Paul Chamberlin all in straight sets before falling to Mike Bauer, 6–7, 2–6. In August, <mask> again played the Player's, but in doubles this time, again partnering Greenan. The pair lost, however, in the first round, to the pair of Ricardo Acuña and Bob Green, 6–1, 3–6, 4–6. <mask> next saw action in three European Challengers in November. At the Helsinki Challenger, he lost in both singles and doubles in the first round. The following week at Bergen Challenger, he reached the second round of both, falling to Dan Goldie in three sets in singles and partnering Chamberlin in doubles. <mask> finished 1986 on tour with a bang, reaching the semifinals at the Valkenswaard Challenger in both singles and doubles, again partnering Chamberlin.On December 29, 1986, <mask> was ranked world No. 191 in singles and No. 217 in doubles. 1987
<mask> began 1987 playing in his first Grand Slam event, the Australian Open. He lost in singles in the first round, in straight sets, to world No. 116 Todd Nelson. In doubles, he and partner American Chris Kennedy reached the second round.<mask>'s next main draw action was in March, at the Cherbourg Challenger. 1988
<mask> began the year at the AAMI Classic in Sydney, Australia where he lost in the first round to Pete Sampras, 4–6, 7–5, 4–6. 1989–1994

Career finals

Doubles (22 titles)

Doubles performance timeline

Honours
<mask> was inducted into the Canadian Tennis Hall of Fame in 1998. After retiring as a tennis pro
Upon retiring from the tour in 1997, <mask> became High Performance Director at Tennis BC as well as Davis Cup Captain. As captain he led the team to the World Group for only the third time. He was also the Tournament Director for Rogers Cup in Toronto in 2006  As of the last 14 years <mask> has been selling real estate in Vancouver, BC. References

External links

Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian male tennis players
Canadian tennis coaches
Olympic tennis players of Canada
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan
Racket sportspeople from British Columbia
Racket sportspeople from Saskatchewan
Tennis players at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Texas A&M Aggies men's tennis players
1965 births
Living people

masks:
Grant Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell Galbraith
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
Grant


texts:
<mask>, Lord of Hanau ( – 23 September 1346) was Lord of Hanau from 1305/1306 until his death. Childhood
He was the son of <mask> I and his wife, Countess Elisabeth of Rieneck. Nothing is known about his childhood. He is not mentioned in official documents until he took office. The earliest possibility () is derived from the date of his parents' wedding (1278). The latest possibility () is derived from the fact that he must have been at least 18 years old when he took office. The fact that he married four years after taking office, suggests a birth date near the end of the range.Reign

Political Activities
In 1310, <mask> militarily assisted King John of Bohemia, a son of Emperor Henry VII. In return the Emperor mortgaged him the Jews in the cities in his territory (Babenhausen, Hanau, Steinau an der Straße and Windecken) for 600 pounds of Heller. In 1314, <mask> was at the election of Emperor Louis IV in Frankfurt, as a member of the entourage of the Elector of the Palatinate Louis II. <mask> II actively participated in the pacification of the Wetterau region. In this process, the local nobility agreed to resolve their disputes in a court of law, rather than fighting a feud. In 1339, <mask> decreed the primogeniture in Hanau. This was one of the earliest decrees of this kind in Germany.The decree was repeated several times by later counts, for example in 1343 and in 1375. Nevertheless, the ruling family would divide the county when this was considered convenient politically, for example in 1456 and in 1685. Shortly before his death, <mask> was outlawed; the reason for this is unknown. Emperor Louis IV tasked Frederick of Hutten, the governor of the Wetterau was tasked with implementing this judgement. The issue appears to have been settled amicably soon afterward. Further details are not known. Acquisition of territory
In 1316, <mask> purchased justice over the district of Brandenstein and half of justice over the district of Schlüchtern from the Count of Rieneck.The bishop of Würzburg, who was the liege lord of this property, agreed to the sale. Hanau would acquire the other half of the justice over Schlüchtern in 1377, exchanging it for “Büttert Castle“ (Bütthard Castle). In 1457, the Count of Hanau also became protector of Schlüchtern Abbey. In 1317, the owner of Trages Manor put himself under <mask>'s suzerainty. In 1320, King Louis IV mortgaged the district of Bornheimerberg to <mask>, as a payment for services rendered during a raid in the Alsace. This mortgage was renewed by Emperor Charles IV in 1351. In 1434, Count Reinhard II was finally enfeoffed with Bornheimerberg.The Imperial City of Gelnhausen was mortgaged to Hanau by King Louis IV in 1326. In 1330, the citizens were absolved from their allegiance to the emperor and asked to swear allegiance to the Lord of Hanau. But shortly afterwards this mortgage was released. <mask>'s maternal uncle, Count Louis V of Rieneck died in 1333. With his death, his line of the House of Rieneck died out in the male line. Under an agreement Louis V had made with <mask> in 1296, Hanau would inherit Rieneck's feudal rights. However, in 1329, Louis V had decreed that his daughter Udelhilt would inherit.This gave rise to a complicated inheritance dispute, which involved other lines of the House of Rieneck and the two largest feudal lords in the area, the Electorate of Mainz and the Bishopric of Würzburg. <mask> II eventually made significant territorial gains:
 Half the justice over the district of Bieber
 The larger part of the district of Lohrhaupten
 Half the district of Partenstein
 A quarter of the castle and district of Rieneck
 Half the county of Prozelten
 A share of Rothenfels Castle
 The city and district of Lauda
 The city of Osterburken
 The bailiwick of Dörnigheim
 Justice over the district of Schwarzenfels
 A number of other fiefs and feudal rights

Marriage and issue
<mask> married in 1310 Agnes of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim (before 1295 – 29 November 1346), a daughter of Kraft I of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim. Ten children from this marriage are known, but not the order in which they were born. Historians have been able to infer the order in which the sons were born. <mask> (1310 – 1369/70)
 Reinhard, custodian of the cathedral in Mainz
 Kraft (d. 1382), a canon of Cologne, Mainz, Würzburg and Worms
 Louis, (d. after 1386), Archdeacon in Würzburg
 Gottfried (d. after 1372), Commander of the Teutonic Knights
 Conrad (killed in 1383), Abbot of Fulda monastery
 Elizabeth (d. after 1365), married to Count Philip V of Falkenstein
 Adelaide (d. after 1378), married to Count Eberhard II of Katzenelnbogen and after his death, to Henry II of Isenburg
 Agnes (d. after 1347), a nun in Patershausen Abbey
 Irmengard (d. after 1348), a nun in the convent at Gerlachsheim, mentioned between 1343 and 1347

Death
Sources give two different dates for the death of <mask> II: 2 September 1346 and 23 September 1346. He was buried in Arnsburg Abbey, the place members of the house of Hanau were buried usually until the 15th century. Already in the years 1343, a deed is created, which gives <mask> II's daughter Adelaide the right to visit her father's grave twice a year.The grave was located in the enclosed part of Arnsburg Abbey, so it was not generally accessible. References
 Ludwig Clemm: Das Totenbuch des Stifts Ilbenstadt, in: Archiv für Hessische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, new series, vol. 19, issue 2, Darmstadt, 1936, p. 169-274,
 Walter Czysz: Klarenthal bei Wiesbaden. Ein Frauenkloster im Mittelalter 1298 – 1559, Seyfried, Wiesbaden, 1987,
 Klaus Peter Decker: Klientel und Konkurrenz. Die ritterschaftliche Familie von Hutten und die Grafen von Hanau und von Ysenburg, in: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte, vol. 38, 1988, p. 23–48,
 Reinhard Dietrich: Die Landesverfassung in dem Hanauischen, in the series Hanauer Geschichtsblätter, vol. 34, Hanau 1996,
 Franziska Haase: <mask>., Herr von Hanau.1281 – 1306, type-written thesis, Münster, 1925
 Fred Schwind: Die Landvogtei in der Wetterau, thesis, Frankfurt, 1972
 Karl-Heinz Spieß: Familie und Verwandtschaft im deutschen Hochadel des Spätmittelalters, Steiner, Stuttgart, 1993,
 Reinhard Suchier: Genealogie des Hanauer Grafenhauses, in: Festschrift des Hanauer Geschichtsvereins zu seiner fünfzigjährigen Jubelfeier am 27. August 1894, Hanau, 1894
 Ernst J. Zimmermann: Hanau Stadt und Land, 3rd ed., Hanau, 1919, reprinted 1978,

Footnotes

Lords of Hanau
Main-Kinzig-Kreis
13th-century births
1346 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
14th-century German nobility
14th-century rulers in Europe

masks:
Ulrich II
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich II
Ulrich
Ulrich II
Ulrich II
Ulrich II
Ulrich I
Ulrich
Ulrich II
Ulrich III
Ulrich
Ulrich
Ulrich I


texts:
<mask> (born January 31, 1957) is an American former competition swimmer, Olympic champion, and former world record-holder in multiple events. Babashoff set six world records and earned a total of nine Olympic medals in her career. She won a gold medal in the 400-meter freestyle relay in both the 1972 and 1976 Olympics, and she won the 1975 world championship in both the 200-meter and 400-meter freestyle. During her career, she set 37 national records (17 individual and 20 relay) and for some time held all national freestyle records from the 100-meter to 800-meter event. 1976 Summer Olympics
At the 1976 U.S. Olympic Trials, she won all the freestyle events, as well as the 400-meter individual medley, setting one world and six national records in the process. At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, she won four silver medals and a gold medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay in world record time, despite the competition being dominated by the East German swimmers. The four silver medals came in the 200-meter, 400-meter and 800-meter freestyle, and the 4×100-meter medley relay.Although Babashoff never won an individual gold medal in Olympic competition, she is still regarded as one of the top swimmers in history, and is most vividly remembered for having swum the anchor leg on the gold-medal winning 4×100-meter freestyle relay team, in its victory over the doped up, steroid-plagued 1976 East German women, in what is widely acknowledged as having been the single greatest race in the entire history of women's swimming. The East German team of Kornelia Ender, Petra Thumer, Andrea Pollack and Claudia Hempel was heavily favored to win the race. Prior to the relay, American sportscaster Donna de Varona picked East Germany to win the event, but Kim Peyton, Wendy Boglioli and Jill Sterkel teamed with Babashoff to pull off a great upset as Babashoff outlegged Hempel down the stretch to win the gold medal and shatter the world record by 4 seconds. After the event, de Varona said, "I have never been happier to eat my words in the prediction I made right before this event." <mask>'s time in winning the silver medal in the 400-meter freestyle at the 1976 Olympics would have defeated men's gold medalist Don Schollander twelve years earlier at the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo. Personal life

<mask> was one of four children of <mask>, a machinist, and Vera Slivkoff, a housewife. Her father had been a swimming instructor in Hawaii and always wanted his own children to become Olympians.Both of her parents are second-generation Russian American. In 1982, she was inducted in the International Swimming Hall of Fame as an "Honor Swimmer." <mask> was occasionally referred to as "Surly <mask>" and described as a "sore loser" by the media because of her public accusations of drug cheating by the East German swimmers. To her credit, she was later proven correct-that most East German athletes were using performance-enhancing drugs, substantiated by investigators in the PBS documentary, "Secrets of the Dead: Doping for Gold." <mask>'s accusations of drug use by East German swimmers was widely confirmed after the fall of Communism in East Germany. It is estimated that the <mask> was denied three gold medals as a result of cheating by East Germany. After her Olympic career ended, Babashoff coached swimming, had a son in 1986 whom she raised alone, and became a letter carrier for the United States Postal Service in Orange County, California.On April 30, 2005, <mask> received the Olympic Order, the highest award of the Olympic Movement, during the Inaugural Olympic Assembly luncheon. International Olympic Committee members Bob Ctvrtlik, Anita DeFrantz, and Jim Easton presented the award. The IOC established the Olympic Order in 1974 to honor individuals who have illustrated the Olympic Ideals through their actions, have achieved remarkable merit in the sporting world, or have rendered outstanding services to the Olympic cause, either through their own personal achievements or their contributions to the development of sport. Her brother <mask> won the silver medal behind teammate Jim Montgomery in the 100-meter freestyle at the 1976 Olympics. Her other brother Bill and sister Debbie were also swimmers who competed internationally. <mask> attended Fountain Valley High School in Fountain Valley, California. In 1973 she led the school to their first-ever California Interscholastic Federation Championship in girls' swimming.

masks:
Shirley Frances Babashoff
Shirley Babashoff
Babashoff
Jack Babashoff
Babashoff
Shirley
Shirley
Shirley
Babashoff
Jack Babashoff
Shirley


texts:
<mask> (1952–1995) was an artist, designer and political activist, recognised for his prominent and sustained artistic engagement in issues relating to gay male identity and HIV/AIDS. He is also known for his involvement in the gay liberation movement of the early 1970s, when he was the first person arrested at a gay rights protest in Australia, as well as his artistic direction of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras. From its inception, McDiarmid's art career encompassed, as both subject and inspiration, gay male sexuality, politics and urban subcultures. His creative techniques included: collage, painting, drawing, calligraphy, mosaic, installation, various forms of print-making, sculpture and artist's books. He was a graphic designer, designer and fabric painter for women's and men's fashion, and an artist and creative director for the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras street parades. Melbourne
Born in Hobart, Tasmania, McDiarmid later moved with his family to Melbourne, where he studied film, art history and illustration at Swinburne College of Technology (now Swinburne University of Technology) between 1969 and 1970. In the early 1970s, McDiarmid joined Melbourne Gay Liberation, later travelling back and forth between Sydney and Melbourne, where he helped found Sydney Gay Liberation in 1972; he also contributed illustrations and articles for their Newsletter and helped edit it.His involvement with Melbourne Gay Liberation included designing an early T-shirt and badge. McDiarmid's involvement with Sydney Gay Liberation, a more radical and protest-driven organisation than the larger gay rights and support group Campaign Against Moral Persecution, or CAMP, led to his involvement in a number of their protests. At one peaceful protest, outside the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) headquarters on 11 July 1972, against the refusal by ABC management to show a segment on Gay Liberation (that featured Dennis Altman) on This Day Tonight, McDiarmid was arrested, the first such arrest at a gay rights protest in Australia. In 1973 McDiarmid met the artist and jeweller Peter Tully; they became lovers for the next two years, and remained friends and collaborators until Tully's death in Paris in August 1992. Sydney (1975–79)

After travelling together through South East Asia in 1974-75, <mask> and Peter Tully moved to Sydney in 1975, joining their Melbourne friend and creative collaborator, Linda Jackson, who had moved there with her partner Fran Moore in 1973. This period saw McDiarmid hand-painting fabrics for Jackson's fashion designs. This work was retailed through Jenny Kee's fashion store Flamingo Park in Sydney's Strand Arcade and appeared (between 1975-1981) in the annual 'Flamingo Follies' fashion parades held by Jenny Kee and Jackson.<mask>'s first one-person exhibition, 'Secret Love', was held at Hogarth Galleries, Sydney in 1976. The drawings and collages explored gay male life and sexuality, both in and out of the closet. The following year, McDiarmid visited the United States, where he travelled extensively on the east and west coasts between March to October; in particular the gay communities of the Castro in San Francisco and Christopher Street area in Lower Manhattan, New York. His subsequent work was influenced by his embrace of the gay male subcultures of these cities; notably 'New Works by <mask>d' at Hogarth Galleries in November 1978 and a portfolio of nine off-setprinted multiples titled 'Trade Enquiries, issued with Watters Gallery, Sydney, in 1979. Following his return from the US in late 1977, McDiarmid presented an installation called 'An Australian Dream Lounge', exploring the domestic aesthetics of Australian suburbia at Hogarth Galleries, Sydney, in December that year. The first self-identified group exhibition of Australian gay and lesbian artists, "Homosexual and Lesbian Artists", was held over the weekend of the 23–24 July 1978 at Watters Gallery, Sydney, in association with the Fourth National Homosexual Conference held at Paddington Town Hall in August. The exhibition included a series of McDiarmid's drawings and collage works; he also designed the exhibition poster.Other artists whose work featured in the exhibition included Peter Tully, Sally Colechin, Bill Morley, Tony Robertson, Frances Budden (later Frances Phoenix) and Vivienne Binns. Later in 1978, McDiarmid and Peter Tully jointly created the installation 'The Strine Shrine' at Hogarth Galleries, again referencing the icons of Australian suburbia. New York (1979-87)

In June 1979, McDiarmid settled in New York, intending to make his life there. The move to New York coincided with the establishment of the black and Hispanic, gay underground dance club Paradise Garage, of which McDiarmid was an early devotee. Paradise Garage served as an inspiration for a suite of work to which McDiarmid gave the title "Disco Kwilts", produced between 1979 and 1981, using newly available material: holographic reflective Mylar sheeting. McDiarmid exhibited in the US, including solo exhibitions at 'Childs/Dreyfus' in Chicago in 1979 and Club Zero in New York in 1983. Throughout his time in New York McDiarmid continued to exhibit back in Sydney and supply painted fabrics to Linda Jackson.One of the first Sydney exhibitions that McDiarmid was involved with following his move to New York was the 'Project 33: Art Clothes' exhibition at the Art Gallery of New South Wales (AGNSW) (1980–1981), curated by Jane de Teliga, which also included works by Linda Jackson, Jenny Kee, Peter Tully, Jenny Bannister, Katie Pye, Bruce Goold and others. McDiarmid was again included in an AGNSW group show in 1981: 'The Harbour Bridge Show'. In February 1983 McDiarmid exhibited at the Crafts Council of Australia Gallery in Sydney, the catalogue for which, included the following statement by McDiarmid: “I’m interested in popular culture. My work is in the intersection between folk art, women’s art (needlepoint, patchwork quilts) and contemporary materials, I use loud cheap and vulgar plastics to make ‘pretty Pictures’. (1982, n.p.)”. McDiarmid's work in New York was also influenced by street and subway graffiti. In 1983-84, he produced a series of acrylic paintings on cotton with entwined calligraphy and decorative graphic forms conveying the excitement, exploitation and joy of life in the city: sex, gay rights, cruising, romantic love and the emergence of HIV/AIDS.This work was exhibited in 1984 when he returned to Sydney for the one-person show '<mask>iarmid: New Work' at Roslyn Oxley9 Gallery. That year, McDiarmid was included in another group exhibition, 'The Leather Show', at the Crafts Council Gallery and in 1985, McDiarmid exhibited as part of the group exhibition 'Gay Mardi Gras Exhibition 1985: The Print Source', along with Peter Tully and Allan Booth. Sydney (1987–1995)

In 1986, still in New York, McDiarmid was diagnosed HIV positive and decided to return to Australia. Back in Sydney McDiarmid devoted himself to producing art which raised awareness of the AIDS epidemic and empowered those who were HIV positive. His influential one-person exhibition focussing on the sexual and cultural politics of AIDS, 'Kiss of Light', was held at the Syme Dodson Gallery, Sydney in 1991. This exhibition inspired the AIDS Council of New South Wales to commission from McDiarmid a series of five safe sex and safe injecting posters which were launched at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Sydney, in April 1992. Between 1988 and 1992, McDiarmid was variously both artist/designer and artistic director for the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras.He was recognised in this period for his support of lesbian contributions to the culture and design aesthetic of the Mardi Gras parade, party and festival. Among other creative contributions, he designed a large-scale street parade sculpture based on the Mexican Day of the Dead with members of the HIV Living Group for the 1992 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras parade. The graphics from his 1992 Safe Sex posters which were also subsequently enlarged to form gigantic moving figures for the Mardi Gras parade. In 1993 McDiarmid wrote the illustrated (with 35mm slide transparencies) lecture ‘A Short History of Facial Hair’ tracing his personal, political and sexual history ‘from camp to gay to queer’. This was presented at the Melbourne conference ‘AIDS: Towards a Paradigm’ (and later developed into the digital film "A Short History of Facial Hair" for a London exhibition in 2011). McDiarmid's 1993 artist's book and photocopied collaged multiples titled ‘Toxic Queen’ focused on the virulent homophobia re-energised by the AIDS epidemic and positioned McDiarmid as a leading queer artist as sensibilities changed from ‘gay to queer’. <mask>mid was also an accomplished graphic designer designing all the posters for his own exhibitions and those of Peter Tully.He designed posters and print collateral for the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras in 1986, 1988 and 1990, as well as posters for Pride and Sleaze Ball dance parties, AIDS candlelight vigils, World AIDS Day and the ACON safe sex poster series of 1992. One of the first artists to use digital technology in the production of art, McDiarmid's digital ‘Rainbow Aphorisms’ were a strong presence in the exhibition ‘Don’t Leave Me This Way: Art in the Age of AIDS’ at the National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, curated by Dr Ted Gott in 1994. His numerous group exhibitions through the 1990s also included: 'Pink Summers', Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Festival, (1990); ‘Beauty and the Beast’, Tin Sheds Gallery, The University of Sydney (1991); ‘The Phallus and its Functions’, Ivan Dougherty Gallery, Sydney (1992); ‘Stormy Weather’, national touring exhibition (1992); ‘You Are Here’, Institute of Modern Art, Brisbane, Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Melbourne and CACSA, Adelaide (1993); ‘The Streets as Art Galleries – Walls Sometimes Speak: Poster Art in Australia’, The National Gallery of Australia, Canberra (1993); ‘Leather Pride Week Exhibition’, The Warehouse, Sydney (1993); ‘Nine Artists’ Barry Stern Gallery, Sydney (1993);  ‘The Australian Scarf’, Hyde Park Barracks (1993); ‘Fighting Back: The Art of AIDS Education’,  The Drill Hall Gallery, ANU, Canberra (1993); ‘Death’, Ivan Dougherty Gallery (1993); ‘Mardi Gras 1993’, Barry Stern Gallery (1993). McDiarmid's last group exhibition was ‘Australian Perspecta 1995’, a survey of contemporary art, curated by Judy Annear at the Art Gallery of New South Wales. His huge rainbow ‘Q’ inserted into the tympanum of the gallery's neo-classical façade was McDiarmid's last gesture of “queering the art museum”. Legacy (1995-)

McDiarmid was conscious of his, and his generation's, artistic and political legacy as many gay artists faced premature death from HIV/AIDS in the 1980s and early 1990s. He became an advocate for effective estate planning for artists, spoke at Sydney Writers Festival on the subject in 1994 and made speaking appearances in association with the Arts Law Centre of Australia.Shocked by the consequences for Peter Tully's creative legacy, following Tully's death in August 1992 without a legal will or an estate plan, McDiarmid asked the curator, Dr Sally Gray, to be his executor and posthumous copyright holder in 1993. <mask>d died of AIDS related conditions on May 25, 1995. From 1996, Gray arranged bequests from the McDiarmid estate to the following public institutions: The National Gallery of Australia, Canberra; The National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne; Heide Museum of Modern Art, Melbourne; The Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney; The Powerhouse Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences, Sydney and several regional galleries in Australia. Gray also arranged for deposit of the artist's personal papers regarding his life and work in The Mitchell Library of The State Library of NSW. As custodian of the artist's creative legacy, Gray has researched, brokered and curated a number of exhibitions of McDiarmid's work including the major retrospective exhibition, ‘<mask>mid: When This You See Remember Me’, held at the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. <mask>mid one-person shows brokered, curated, or co-curated by Dr Sally Gray include: ‘<mask>iarmid: A Short History of Facial Hair’, The Fashion Space Gallery, London College of Fashion, University of the Arts, London (2011); ‘<mask>mid: Rainbow Aphorisms’, Neon Parc, Melbourne (2012); the major retrospective exhibition, '<mask>mid: When This You See Remember Me’, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne (2014); and ‘<mask>iarmid: Toxic Queen’, Neon Parc Melbourne (2016). <mask> McDiarmid was inducted into the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras ‘Hall of Fame’ in 2000.His life and work also lives on in the work of others: Photographer and performer William Yang's published books, performances and films such as 'Friends of Dorothy' and 'Sadness' pay tribute to the influence of McDiarmid's artistic practice and his political activism. McDiarmid was one of the subjects of composer Lyle Chan's String Quartet: 'An AIDS Activist's Memoir In Music'. The movement called 'Don't Leave Me This Way' memorialises the role the composer played as part of McDiarmid's medical team. This musical movement was performed at the McDiarmid retrospective at the National Gallery of Victoria in July 2014, preceded by a forty-minute conversation between the composer and the former Judge of the High Court of Australia the Hon. Michael Kirby, judge. In 2017-18 McDiarmid's ‘Rainbow Aphorisms’ appeared throughout the London Underground transport network as part of ‘Art on the Underground’. The project was initiated by Studio Voltaire London and Dr Sally Gray for the McDiarmid estate.The project also included display of McDiarmid's ‘Rainbow Aphorisms’ in public spaces in Clapham, South London. References

External links
 National Gallery of Victoria, <mask>iarmid
 The Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives holds correspondence, designs, artists' books, posters, lithographic prints, ephemera, T-shirts, a costume, mixtapes, articles, photographs and books relating to <mask>d, including material donated by <mask>d, the <mask>iarmid Estate and various friends. Australian Lesbian and Gay Archives Victorian Collections
 Australian Lesbian and Gay LibraryThing profile

 Dr Sally Gray, curator of the <mask>iarmid visual legacy

1952 births
1995 deaths
20th-century Australian painters
20th-century male artists
LGBT artists from Australia
LGBT rights activists from Australia
Gay artists
Australian male painters
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
David McDiarmid
McDiarmid
McDiarmid
David McDiarmi
David McD
David McDiar
David McDiarmi
David McDiar
David McDiar
David MD
David McDiar
David McDiar
David McD
David
David MD
David McDiarmi
David McDiarmi
David McD
David McD