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<mask> (born January 6, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for starring in the popular AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead as Daryl Dixon, in the film The Boondock Saints (1999) and its sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009) as Murphy MacManus, as Scud in Marvel's Blade II (2002), Marco in Deuces Wild (2002) and for his AMC TV show Ride with <mask>. He has acted in numerous films and television series, and modeled for various fashion designers (most recognizably Prada in the 1990s). Reedus also provided motion capture and voice acting for the lead character Sam Porter in the video game Death Stranding (2019). Early life
<mask> was born in Hollywood, Florida, the son of Marianne (née Yarber), a teacher, and <mask>. Reedus's paternal grandmother was of Italian descent, while his grandfather had English, Scottish and Irish ancestry. He attended Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, for a semester.After living in Tokyo, he came to California to work at a Harley-Davidson shop in Venice, California, and contributed artwork to various shows as a painter, photographer, sculptor, and video artist. He first acted in the play Maps for Drowners at the Tiffany Theater on Sunset Boulevard. He was discovered at a bar in downtown Hollywood, singing and dancing where someone asked him if he wanted to act in a play. Career

Film and television

<mask> played Jeremy in his major film debut Mimic and Mac in Giovanni Rodriguez's Red Canyon. <mask> played Murphy MacManus in the 1999 film The Boondock Saints. He reprised the role in the 2009 sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day. He played Scud in Blade II.He guest-starred in Charmed as Nate, the boyfriend of Paige (Rose McGowan). Reedus starred in Hello Herman, which opened nationwide and on-demand on June 7, 2013. Reedus stars in the reality series Ride with <mask>us, which premiered in June 2016. Most recently, he started Bigbaldhead Productions with an overall deal at AMC. The Walking Dead
In 2010, <mask> began playing Daryl Dixon in the AMC television series The Walking Dead, a horror drama about a group of friends and family members who fight to survive in a violent apocalyptic world populated with flesh-eating zombies and the few surviving humans. The character was not originally in the comic book series of the same name, but was created specifically for Reedus after his audition for the character of Merle Dixon. The Walking Dead comic creator Robert Kirkman feels "absolutely blessed Reedus has honored the show with his presence, and the way he has come in and taken over that role and defined Daryl Dixon.A lot of <mask>'s portrayal of the character in the first season inspired all the writers to do what we did with him in the second season. We love writing him and end up doing cool stuff with him." The drama has evolved into the highest-rated in cable history, smashing all previous records. <mask> was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. <mask> is also set to reprise his role of Daryl as the lead of a spin-off series centered on his character and Carol Peletier (played by Melissa McBride), following the conclusion of the 11th and final season of The Walking Dead. Angela Kang will be the showrunner for the series, which is set to debut in 2023. Modeling, music videos, and art
<mask> has modeled for Prada, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, Durban, Levi's, Lexus, and Morgenthal Fredrics.In 2015, Reedus posed for a Cruelty Free International advertisement in support of ending cosmetic tests on animals. In the mid-1990s, while working as a model, he appeared in the music videos for "Wicked as It Seems" by Keith Richards, "Violently Happy" by Björk, "Flat Top" by Goo Goo Dolls, "Cat's in the Cradle" covered by Ugly Kid Joe, "Strange Currencies" by R.E.M., and "Fake Plastic Trees" by Radiohead. In 1999, he appeared in the video for "Mean to Me" by Tonic. Since achieving fame as an actor, he has also appeared in the videos for "Judas" by Lady Gaga, "Sun Down" by Tricky (feat. Tirzah), "Gypsy Woman" by Hilary Duff, and "No Cities to Love" by Sleater-Kinney. He is also a painter, sculptor, and photographer, who currently shows his artwork in galleries in New York City, Berlin, and Frankfurt. He released a book of photography on October 31, 2013, called The Sun's Coming Up... Like a Big Bald Head, and in September 2014 announced a fan-art compilation called Thanks for All the Niceness.Video games
<mask> reprised his role as Daryl Dixon in the 2013 video game The Walking Dead: Survival Instinct, which is based on the television series. He was set to star in Hideo Kojima and Guillermo del Toro's reboot horror game Silent Hills, but Kojima left Konami and the game was canceled in 2015. <mask> starred in Hideo Kojima's video game Death Stranding. Personal life
Reedus was in a five-year relationship with supermodel Helena Christensen from 1998 to 2003. Despite reports to the contrary, the two were never married. Together they have a son, Mingus <mask> (born 1999). They have remained friends and shared joint custody of their son.In February 2005, <mask> sustained a head injury when a truck collided with his car in Germany. His nose was reconstructed with the aid of four screws and his left eye socket with titanium. In 2015, during the filming of Sky, <mask> met Diane Kruger; the two were first seen together as a couple in July 2016. In November 2018, Kruger gave birth to their daughter; his second and her first child. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
American people of Italian descent
American people of English descent
American people of Scottish descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
Male models from Florida
Male actors from Florida
People from Hollywood, Florida
American emigrants to Ireland
American emigrants to Spain
American emigrants to Japan
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors

masks:
Norman Mark Reedus
Norman Reedus
Reedus
Ira Norman Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Norman Reed
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Lucien Reedus
Reedus
Reedus


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<mask> (born February 11, 1976) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the 48th Attorney General of Virginia since January 15, 2022. A Republican, he was elected a member of the Virginia House of Delegates on November 3, 2015, from the 82nd district which encompasses part of Virginia Beach. He was elected Attorney General of Virginia in 2021. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Greensboro, North Carolina and attended public schools in Virginia Beach. His mother had fled from Cuba in 1965. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from James Madison University and a Juris Doctor from College of William & Mary’s Law School. He later served as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Virginia Beach.Career
Miyares worked on George Allen's 2000 Senate campaign. He was later campaign manager and advisor to Republican Scott Rigell in the 2010 and 2012 congressional elections. He was later a partner with the consulting firm Madison Strategies. He also worked at the Virginia Beach law firm Hanger Law until his election to the office of Attorney General. Virginia House of Delegates
In 2015, <mask> ran for the Virginia House of Delegates' seat being vacated by Bill DeSteph, who ran successfully for the Virginia State Senate. Unopposed in the June 2015 Republican primary, he defeated Democrat Bill Fleming in the November 2015 general election. He was the first Cuban American elected to the Virginia General Assembly.He was reelected in 2017 and 2019. <mask> voted against the Medicaid expansion bill (HB 5001) in the 2018 legislative session. He endorsed Marco Rubio in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, and was Rubio's Virginia campaign co-chairman. In 2016, amid the Cuban thaw, Miyares criticized Governor Terry McAuliffe's outreach to Cuba. <mask> introduced a non-binding resolution (H.J. 1777) in 2016 condemning the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement. Miyares opposes abortion, with exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and protecting the life of the mother.He supports the death penalty, and opposed the decision to abolish capital punishment in Virginia in 2021. In 2020, <mask> opposed legislation to increase the minimum wage in Virginia. In August 2020, he offered HB 5037, a bill that would grant immunity, except in cases of willful misconduct or gross negligence, to public officials and businesses who followed public health measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. In September 2020, Miyares voted against legislation to authorize local governments to remove Confederate monuments on public property. Virginia attorney general

Election

In May 2021, <mask> was nominated as the Republican candidate for Virginia Attorney General. He ran against Mark Herring, the incumbent Democratic attorney general, who sought a third term in the November 2021 general election. <mask> was selected at the Virginia Republican Party's "unassembled" convention, in which party delegates cast ranked-choice ballots at polling sites across the state.<mask> defeated three other candidates: Leslie Haley, Chuck Smith, and Jack White. In the final round, <mask> defeated Smith, a hard-right candidate, by a closer-than-expected margin of 52% to 48%. During his campaign against Herring, <mask> emphasized crime issues. He opposed proposals for the elimination of qualified immunity and declined to take a position on what he would do in the controversial police killing of Bijan Ghaisar. In the November 2021 election, <mask> defeated Herring in a tight race, becoming the first Hispanic and Cuban American to be elected Attorney General of Virginia. Tenure
Upon taking office, <mask> fired 17 attorneys, and 13 other employees, in the Virginia AG's Office. Those fired included attorneys in the AG's Office of Civil Rights,Patrick Wilson, Partisan debate erupts in Va. Senate over <mask>' firing of 30 in AG's office,  Richmond Times-Dispatch (January 18, 2022).as well as lawyers working on housing conditions and human trafficking cases. Miyares also fired the counsel for George Mason University (GMU) and the University of Virginia; the latter was on leave from his UVA position, serving as top investigator for the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.Justin Jouvenal and Lauren Lumpkin, Va.'s new attorney general fires U-Va. counsel who was on leave working as top investigator for Jan. 6 panel, Washington Post (January 23, 2021). The firings prompted an acrimonious debate in the state Senate. Shortly after taking office, <mask> withdrew the Virginia AG Office's brief to the Supreme Court, submitted under his predecessor, supporting a challenge to Mississippi's abortion ban. In his letter to the Supreme Court reversing Virginia's position, <mask> took the stance that there is no constitutional right to obtain an abortion and that Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey were wrongly decided.Emma North, Attorney General Miyares: Virginia no longer opposes 15-week abortion ban, WRIC (January 24, 2021). <mask> issued an advisory opinion in which he concluded that Virginia's public colleges and universities lacked the power to require students to receive the COVID-19 vaccine before enrolling or taking in-person classes. Such advisory opinions are not binding, although at least two institutions (GMU and Virginia Tech) dropped their vaccine requirement after Miyares issued the opinion.On February 10, 2022, <mask>' deputy attorney general for government operations and transactions resigned when it was reported that she had spread misinformation about the 2020 election and praised the 2021 United States Capitol attack; in her position, she would have overseen matters related to future elections in Virginia. <mask> himself has affirmed that Joe Biden was legitimately elected president and has condemned the attack on the United States Capitol. Electoral history

Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Paige (Atkinson<mask>, have three daughters and live in Virginia Beach, Virginia. His father-in-law, John Atkinson, was formerly treasurer of Virginia Beach. References

External links

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1976 births
21st-century American politicians
American politicians of Cuban descent
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
James Madison University alumni
Living people
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Politicians from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Virginia Attorneys General
Virginia Republicans
William & Mary Law School alumni

masks:
Jason Stuart Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
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Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
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Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
) Miyares


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<mask> is a Canadian janitor and school bus driver who was labelled the ringleader of an alleged terrorist plot in Toronto in June 2006 after a Canadian Member of Parliament reported his virulent criticism of Canadian troops in Afghanistan to police. He was held for nearly two years protesting his innocence before all charges against him were dropped. After spending much of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, his family announced they were pursuing legal action seeking millions of dollars in damages; including from the prison where he was incarcerated. Life
A native of Karachi, <mask> worked as an engineering technician. When his first wife, who was suffering from undiagnosed multiple sclerosis, had exhausted all fertility avenues, he married Cheryfa MacAulay, with her blessing. MacAulay had a history of drug and alcohol abuse, dropping out of Grade 10 in Halifax to join the army, and entering a troubled first marriage before converting to Islam and turning her life around. The media would later point to the fact she wore the niqab face covering, and had campaigned against sexual education being taught in schools without due parental notice of its content.The father of four sons, <mask> would occasionally buy his two wives identical clothing, which they would wear when visitors came to the house, to tease him. After volunteering to clean the carpet and the washroom, and make small repairs at the Ar-Rahman mosque in Mississauga, he became an active member and began to teach Tafsir and occasionally led the prayers. Although being twice the age of the average participant, he frequently joined youths in games of Cricket and Soccer. He was also noted as fixing cars in his driveway. He claims to have been approached several times by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in the years prior to his arrest, and asked to give information about community members, including Imam Aly Hindy, which he refused to do. <mask> was receiving severence pay from a manufacturing plant that had shut down, and working part-time as a school bus-driver in the months prior to his arrest. He was described as "quiet", but "very vocal" about his opposition to the War in Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq.Hindy characterised him saying that "when he sees a Muslim being killed, he can't keep quiet". Relationship with Wajid Khan
When local Member of Parliament Wajid Khan began attending the Ar-Rahman mosque in the summer of 2005, <mask> introduced him to the congregation saying that he had come to bring messages from the government, and countered that he would like to send the government a message of his own - that Canadian troops in Afghanistan were not doing any good. Khan, a former Air Force pilot in Pakistan, interrupted <mask> to state that such comments would not be tolerated, before walking out of the mosque angrily. Both <mask> and his wife criticised Khan, and requested that the mosque not invite him back as a speaker, since they felt he had misused the religious service "as a political soapbox". Khan subsequently referred to <mask>;

Khan later referred to the altercation, saying he pushed <mask> aside because he was "speaking nonsense" and referred to him as an "idiot" with "piss-poor" command of the English language. Khan, who was serving as the chairman of the caucus committee on the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act at the time, later reported <mask>'s behavior to the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Seven weeks before the arrests, <mask>'s wife wrote to Khan complaining about the 32nd Brigade training for Operation Talon for deployment to Afghanistan on the property of her sons' Islamic school in Oakville in full combat gear.She allegedly challenged him, stating that "we've all heard your bark, now let's see what's behind your bite". Maclean's later reported that "the possibility that a member of Parliament was among those who raised the alarm about <mask> is an intriging twist in the complex story of how police built their case leading to the arrests". Arrest
As <mask> left the house for Asr prayers on June 2, he was greeted at the door by members of the Emergency Task Force who entered his house, as another team jumped a fence into his backyard and simultaneously entered the house ordering all occupants to the ground. His wife refused to comply with any orders, and shouted profanities at the officers, before being allowed to leave and take the children and her mother to the mosque to spend the night, while officers searched the house. At the police station, on the night of his arrest, <mask> saw reference to the arrests and "four tons of explosives" on television, the first he had heard of any allegations of a plot amongst the group of youths. When he phoned his wife for the first time, he simply advised her that their rent had been paid and the money for their insurance was in the account, and that their car needed to go into a mechanic's. His outspoken wife continued to garner media headlines, as she alleged that "every Muslim is another potential victim", and that federal authorities had been following her every move, cut the brake lines on a colleague's vehicle and made the computers at Kinko's copy store crash when she tried to send a message requesting prayers for her husband.The media seemed equally fascinated by the notion that a Caucasian woman had converted to Islam and chosen to wear the full abaya and niqab. In addition, her past comments in internet forums under the name UmmTayyab became a subject of amateur analysis. In April 2007, she reported that her brother-in-law had discovered two bullets fired into her Dodge Caravan's engine block. The oldest of the alleged terrorists, <mask> was 43 years old at the time of his arrest. Portrayed as a "spiritual advisor" to the group, he was accused of helping to coordinate bombing attacks against targets in southern Ontario. The media blasted his "extreme interpretations of Islam", and called him an "older, embittered militant". Secular Muslim critic Tarek Fatah reported <mask> as "creating a Islamacist, supremacist cult".Held at the Maplehurst Correctional Complex with the rest of the suspects, <mask> was represented at trial by defence attorney Anser Farooq. On September 25, 2007, he was denied bail. Release
On November 5, 2007 <mask> had the most serious charge against him - Intent to Cause Explosion - dropped, and was released on $100,000 bail, the third alleged terrorist in the group to be freed. Nearly $75,000 of his bail money had been donated by the local Muslim community. He was required to refrain from using the internet, remain in the presence of one of six sureties, and remain under house arrest unless in court, his lawyer's office or at Friday prayers. In April 2008, all charges against him were stayed due to lack of evidence. However, his peace bond stipulated that he must not have contact with any of the other accused, must not apply for a passport and must obey an 8:00pm curfew.He said that he blamed Mubin Shaikh and Wajid Khan for "lying", leading to his false imprisonment. Mr. Farooq stated that, "we were able to establish, during the preliminary inquiry, that there were a lot of problems with the Crown's case", and evidence elicited during the preliminary inquiry set the stage for Mr. <mask>'s release. He cautioned <mask>'s wife to "be cautious of what she said", but she nevertheless spoke to several newspapers stating that she believed the couple were owed "millions" in wrongful prosecution damages. Following the public comments that the couple might seek financial reparations, the Chronicle Herald published an editorial cartoon suggesting that the money would be used to finance terrorism. The Centre for Islamic Development subsequently dubbed the cartoon a "hate crime" and reported it to the police. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pakistani emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People from Karachi

masks:
Abdul Qayyum Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal


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<mask> (1813 – 30 December 1858), MD (Edinburgh, 1835), MRCS (Edinburgh, 1835), MRCS (London, 1835), LSA (1835) was an English physician, surgeon, apothecary, mesmerist, phrenologist – and, in concert with John Elliotson, M.D., the co-editor of The Zoist. A former President of the British Phrenological Association, Engledue was ostracized by both his medical colleagues – for his dedication to mesmerism and phrenology – and by the majority of phrenologists – for his rejection of their "socio-religious", spiritual position, in favour of a scientific, materialist, brain-centred position that, in effect, reduced mental operations to physical forces. Education
Born at Portsea in 1813, the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Watson), he was a brilliant student. Sent to the University of Edinburgh by John Porter (1770–1855), (first president of the 'Portsmouth and Portsea Literary and Philosophical Society') to whom he was originally apprenticed, Engledue took his final exams after only two years study. At Edinburgh, he took prizes for proficiency in surgery, pathology and practice of physic, practical anatomy, and physiology; and was also the President of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. Medical practice
Having spent a year as the anatomical demonstrator for John Lizars, Professor of Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, he returned to Portsmouth in the winter of 1835, and started to practice there. Greatly concerned with the conditions of the poor – prior to 1849, "he gave daily advice, gratuitously, in his own house [to] the large class of patients who were too poor to pay, and yet above seeking eleemosynary aid" – he spent much of his time trying to improve the purity of the water supply to Portsmouth.He was instrumental in the foundation of the Royal Portsmouth, Portsea, and Gosport Hospital in 1849; and, at the time of his death, he held the appointment of surgeon to the hospital. Cerebral physiology
A phrenologist, one-time President of the British Phrenological Association, his provocative (20 June 1842) presidential address, dealing with issues of phreno-mesmerism, the controversy of the day, in which he expressed the strong materialist views on phrenology, which were shared by Elliotson – who, incidentally, was the chairman of that particular session – led to Engledue's separation from that association. Engledue was a strong advocate of mesmerism and, with John Elliotson, co-founded The Zoist; and remained its joint editor until publication ceased in 1856. While Elliotson had (possibly) performed the first medical procedure in the U.K. that had been rendered painless (and had been done without the patient being aware of the intervention) by mesmerism (on Elizabeth Okey in 1837), it is almost certain that Engledue performed the first undocumented surgery that had been rendered painless (and had been done without the patient being aware of the intervention) by mesmerism in August 1842. Also, in his Cerebral Physiology and Materialism (1842) – the published text of his Presidential Address to the British Phrenological Association – Engledue introduced the concept of "cerebration" to designate the operation of the brain: a term that was later revived, in 1855, by <mask> Carpenter's "unconscious cerebration", which Carpenter offered as a more refined development of his earlier concept, the "ideo-motor principle of action" (and which he used to describe Braid's "Hypnotism" in 1852). In 1858, Engledue delivered a well-received series of twelve lectures on "Human Physiology" on behalf of the three Literary societies of Portsmouth – the Athenæum, the Philosophical Society, and the Watt Institute – to an enthusiastic audience of more than a thousand on consecutive Monday evenings from 11 January 1858 to 28 March 1858:
"…at the request of the three literary Institutions of Portsmouth, [Engledue agreed] to give a course of twelve lectures on Human Physiology … in which he finely expressed the great object of the medical profession, to teach men how to avoid disease, rather than merely to cure it when contracted. The lectures were published in extenso in a Portsmouth paper, and afford evidences of a most comprehensive mind.Elegant and chastened as literary productions, they afford a copiousness of illustration, and a simplicity of explanation, rarely attained by a scientific lecturer". The series was immediately followed by a single lecture on "Cerebral Physiology" (N.B., rather than "Phrenology") on 14 April 1858. The Zoist

Engledue and John Elliotson were the co-editors of The Zoist: A Journal of Cerebral Physiology & Mesmerism, and Their Applications to Human Welfare, an influential British journal, devoted to the promotion of the theories and practices (and the collection and dissemination of reports of the applications) of mesmerism and phrenology, and the enterprise of "connecting and harmonizing practical science with little understood laws governing the mental structure of man", that was published quarterly, without a break, for fifteen years: from March 1843 until January 1856. The Zoist, was printed on high quality paper, and issued quarterly to its subscribers. It was also published for a wider readership in annual volumes. Well-written in crisp, scientific English, it was devoted to the propagation of information about the applications of phrenology (rather than its theories) and to the collection, storage, and dissemination of reports of the therapeutic efficacy of mesmerism (with even less treatment of mesmeric theories than of phrenological theories) – in part, it acted as a disciplinary clearing house for information and the experiences of both amateur and professional practitioners (and their subjects) from all over Great Britain, and its colonies – and it placed great stress on the well-demonstrated usefulness of mesmerism, not only in the alleviation of disease and suffering, but in the provision of pain-free surgery, especially amputations. Suicide
Enledue "was a man of considerable eminence in the medical profession … and enjoyed a very extensive practice" in Portsmouth.In a state of deep melancholy consequent upon a nosocomial infection, namely erysipelas, acquired whilst hospitalized for surgery on an otherwise unremarkable small tumour, he took his own life in December 1858. During the coronial inquest into Engledue's death, conducted on Friday 31 December 1858, his personal physician of eight years standing, Robert Pennington Sparrow, MRCS (England), MRCP (Edinburgh), an ex-Naval surgeon, stated that Engledue's nosocomial infection was "erysipelas, followed by abscess"; and that its pain and discomfort were so severe that Engledue "had occasion to take large doses of opium to produce sleep" constantly during April, May and June. By July, he had ceased to need opium and, despite the fact that "he had not thoroughly recovered, and had not the physical strength to encounter what he was called upon to go through", Engledue resumed his medical practice at the beginning of July. He continued to practice up to and until 20 December, when he requested colleagues to take over his work-load. At that time, given his diarrhoea and nausea, Sparrow had "persuaded him to lay up, telling him that he was killing himself with work", and, as Sparrow remarked to the coroner, whilst "persons labouring under the symptoms such as I have described the deceased to have suffered, are sometimes the victims of an uncontrollable suicidal impulse", he had formed the opinion that "the deceased's mental faculties were very much impaired", that "his mind was giving way, and that he was in a very different condition from what he had been in all his life before", and "was fearful of permanent insanity, rather than of any act of [suicide]". He also remarked that he had, therefore, come to the conclusion, that Engledue "was not in that condition which would induce me to recommend that his mother and sister keep a strict watch over him". Sparrow made a point of emphasizing that there was nothing extraordinary about Engledue possessing prussic acid, because "bi-carbonate of potash (i.e., potassium bicarbonate) in combination with prussic acid (i.e., hydrogen cyanide) is frequently prescribed as a medicinal agent … in case[s] of nausea in the disease under which the deceased was labouring … and medical men frequently have recourse to it"; and, whilst stressing that he had not prescribed this mixture in Engledue's case, he also remarked that there would have been nothing remarkable about Engledue self-prescribing its administration.Engledue's local dispensing chemist gave evidence that he had supplied Engledue's written request for "specific quantities of solution of taraxacum (i.e., dandelion), tincture of gentium, bicarbonate of potash, together with three drachmes of prussic acid" three days earlier. The jury delivered the following verdict: "That the deceased died from the effects of prussic acid, taken with intent to destroy life, while in a state of unsound mind." Footnotes

References

 Anon, "Report of the Proceedings of the Phrenological Association at its Fifth Annual Session, at London, in June 1842", The Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science, Vol.15, No.73, (1842), pp.289-343. (Engledue's address appears at pp.291-318.) Anon, "The Late <mask> Engledue, M.D., Surgeon To The Royal Portsmouth, Portsea, And Gosport Hospital", The British Medical Journal, Vol.1, No.108, (29 January 1859), pp.89-90. Anon, "Suicide of Dr. Engledue", Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, and General Advertiser for Hants, Sussex, Surrey, Dorset, and Wilts., No.3091, (Saturday 1 January 1859), p. 5, col.A. Carpenter, W.B., Principles of Mental Physiology: With their Chief Applications to the Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine (Fifth Edition), John Churchill, (London), 1855.Clarke, J.F., "A Strange Chapter in the History of Medicine", pp.155-169 in [1874], Clarke, J.F., Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Profession, J. & A. Churchill, (London,), 1874. Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c.1825-1845, Part I: Converts to a Doctrine", Medical History, Vol. 20, No.1, (January 1976), pp. 1–21. doi=10.1017/S0025727300021761
 Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c.1825-1845, Part II: Doctrine and Practice", Medical History, Vol.20, No.2, (April 1976), pp. 135–151.doi=10.1017/S0025727300022195
 Cooter, R.J., The Cultural Meaning of Popular Science: Phrenology and the Organization of Consent in Nineteenth-Century Britain, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1984. <mask>, W.C., Some Account of Phrenology, its Nature, Principles, and Uses, J. Hackman, (Chichester), 1837. <mask>, W.C., "Introductory Address to the Phrenological Association, London; June 20, 1842", The Medical Times, Vol.6, No.146, (2 July 1842), p. 209-214. <mask>, W.C., Cerebral Physiology and Materialism, with the Result of the Application of Animal Magnetism to the Cerebral Organs: An Address delivered to the Phrenological Association in London, June 20, 1842, by W. C. <mask>, M.D. ; With a Letter from Dr Elliotson, On Mesmeric Phrenology and Materialism, J. Watson, (London), 1843. <mask>, W.C., "Cases of Mesmeric Clairvoyance and Sympathy of Feeling", The Zoist, Vol.2, No.6, (July 1844), pp.269-273. <mask>, W.C., A Narrative of the Proceedings Relative to the Appointment of the Medical Officers to the Portsmouth, Portsea, and Gosport Hospital (Second Edition), W. Woodward, (Portsea), 1849.Engledue, W.C., "On the conduct of the Medical Times, the Critic, and Mr. Robert Hunt", The Zoist, Vol.8, No.29, (April 1850), pp.100-106. <mask>, W.C., "What is Mesmerism", The Zoist, Vol.9, No.35, (April 1850), pp.316-331. Gauld, A., A History of Hypnotism, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1992
 Godwin, J., The Theosophical Enlightenment, State University of New York Press, (Albany), 1994. Harte, R., Hypnotism and the Doctors, Volume I: Animal Magnetism: Mesmer/De Puysegur, L.N. Fowler & Co., (London), 1902. Harte, R., Hypnotism and the Doctors, Volume II: The Second Commission; Dupotet And Lafontaine; The English School; Braid's Hypnotism; Statuvolism; Pathetism; Electro-Biology, L.N. Fowler & Co., (London), 1903.Inglis, B., Natural and Supernatural: A History of the Paranormal (Revised Edition), Prism Press, (Bridport), 1992. Kurshan, I., "Mind Reading: Literature in the Discourse of Early Victorian Phrenology and Mesmerism", pp. 17–38 in Willis, M. and Wynne, C. (eds), Victorian Literary Mesmerism, Rodopi, (Amsterdam), 2006. Rosen, G., "Mesmerism and Surgery: A Strange Chapter in the History of Anesthesia", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Vol.1, No.4, (October 1946), pp. 527–550. doi=10.1093/jhmas/1.4.527
 Ruth, J., "'Gross Humbug' or 'The Language of Truth'? The Case of the Zoist", Victorian Periodicals Review, Vol.32, No.4, (Winter 1999), pp.299–323. The Lancet, The British Medical Directory (of Qualified Regular Practitioners of Medicine and Surgery) for England, Scotland, and Wales for 1853, The British Medical Directory Office, (London), 1853. The Lancet, The British Medical Directory (of Qualified Regular Practitioners of Medicine and Surgery) for England, Scotland, and Wales for 1854, The British Medical Directory Office, (London), 1854. Topham, W. & Ward, W.S., Account of a Case of Successful Amputation of the Thigh, During the Mesmeric State, Without the Knowledge of the Patient. Read to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London on Tuesday 22nd November, 1842, H. Baillière, (London), 1842. University of Edinburgh, List of the Graduates in Medicine in the University of Edinburgh from MDCCV to MDCCCLXVI, Neill & Company, (Edinburgh), 1867. Wheeler, J.M., "Engledue (<mask> Collins)", pp.122 in Wheeler, J.M., A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations, Progressive Publishing Company, (London), 1889.Winter, A., Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain, The University of Chicago Press, (Chicago), 1998. External media
 Engledue’s (1835) M.D. graduation record: "Gulielmus C. Engledue, Anglus. What evidence do we have that the External Senses can be transferred to other parts of the body, as is said to occur in Somnambulism?" ("<mask><mask>, England") – University of Edinburgh (1867), p.103. Engledue's entry in the first edition of the British Medical Directory (1853) – The Lancet (1853)
 Engledue's entry in the second edition of the British Medical Directory (1854). – The Lancet (1854)
 Doctor W. C<mask>, Chairman at the Banquet Held in September 1856 to Welcome Home Other Ranks from the Crimea, Proposing the Royal Toast: an 1856 painting by Portsmouth artist and photographer Richard Poate (1811–1878) – in the Collection of the Portsmouth City Museum

1813 births
1858 deaths
British magazine founders
People from Portsmouth
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
19th-century English medical doctors
Suicides in England
Animal magnetism
Phrenologists
19th-century British businesspeople
Suicides by poison

masks:
William Collins Engledue
John Engledue
Joanna Engledue
William Benjamin
William Collins
Engledue
Engledue
Engledue
Engledue
Engledue
Engledue
Engledue
William
William C
. Engledue
. Engledue


texts:
<mask> (October 31, 1827, some sources indicate October 27, 1827 – January 13, 1899) was an American educator, and called by some the "father of the normal school system". Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> and Isabella (née Cairns) in New Castle, Pennsylvania. His lifework has been characterized by a pair of related tensions: between religious zeal and a recognition of the need for teachers well-educated in secular subjects, and between potentially opposed emphases on technical training and the liberal arts in teacher preparation. He founded a series of educational institutions which survive into the present day, each of which still bears some mark of his influence. A story told by his sister relates that, while plowing his father's fields, upon reaching the end of each furrow, he would pick up a book, find where he last left off, read the next paragraph, put the book down, and proceed to plow the next row. Headed back across the field, he meditated on the newly acquired fragment of knowledge. Primary education
He was educated in Bartlett's Academy, near New Castle, Pennsylvania.At the age of 18 he began keeping a diary which bears witness to a religiosity which would remain deeply interwoven with his educational philosophy throughout his career. "Saved" during a serious illness at fourteen, he continued to struggle with his "direful condition" in a search for salvation. He visited the sick and dying and attended the dead. Conversion and baptism renewed him (April 2–3, 1845), and he dedicated himself to serving Christ (May 1, 1845). At this early period, a sense of the tension between his religious and worldly impulses is evident. Secular reading was one of his distractions. He lamented: "I have spent a considerable portion of my time in reading History and Biography and thus have neglected the most important of books to wit the Bible.May in future make this my study and may I use it as my sword" (September 14, 1845). Dedications
Even at the age of eighteen, he had consciously dedicated himself to a religiously-conceived mission of educating the young. He thought "youth" (such as himself), deserving of eternal punishment but nonetheless worth "saving". In 1847, he attended school a full forty weeks and worked about a month and a half. Practicing what he preached, when he was invited to a party, he chose to spend his time studying rather "than in hurtful folly" (February 6). Passing a room where "many youths were engaged in mirthful danceing [sic]", he writes, "I was struck with the reflection that all these thoughtless youths must soon appear before the judge of all" (March 10). His stated ambitions evince an ambivalence between the desires for prominence and service: "I long to become an orator; that I may do good to my fellow men."Higher education
In 1848, <mask> entered Bethany College, where he would take the B.A. in 1852. While at Bethany, he lived in the home of the school's founder and President, Rev. Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples of Christ Church. There he studied, recited, debated, and helped to form an "economical society" whose members pledged to assist one another in case of sickness; he became its president. <mask> excelled, ranking first or second in his classes. His censure of other youths, including his fellow students, continued: "Alas follish [sic] young men!You do not feal [sic] the values of life" (April 5, 1849). In his later career as an educator, he would show no mercy to students found guilty of his three horrors: dancing, card-playing and drinking. In emotional affairs as in professional, <mask>'s diary evidences a strong sense of priorities. In August 1849 he went to the county meeting in the company of one Emaline McC., "whom I think would make a suitable companion for me for life.... If it is the will of God to spare my life & hers, and if he so permit, we may be united by the bans of matrimony; after I have completed my College course." Back in school in September 1849, <mask> spent his days writing to this same Emaline (who would not, in fact, become his life-partner), studying hard, and finding "Pope Homers Iliad" truly admirable, if filled with much of which he disapproved. Reading Cicero, writing compositions and orations, <mask> demonstrated an iron discipline, which he would later expect of his students.Partly contradicting his dedication to a higher spirit is his self-puffery: "Declaimed in society a piece called 'The Whiskers.' Succeeded better than ever before. One remarked publicly that it was the best he had ever heard. But O! how far short of what I desire, what vast heights still remain to be assended [sic]." After graduation <mask> went west to pursue the newly emerging professional career of a college professor. In 1853 he taught at the Platte City Male and Female Academy in Missouri, and by 1855 he was co-principal of a collegiate institution in Savannah, Missouri.Marriage
On August 26, 1852 he married Ellen (or Ella) Sophronia Fluhart (b. 1828, Ohio - d. November 26, 1924, San Diego, California). It had been his intention to enter the ministry, but his responsibilities as a newly married man required him to make a living as a teacher. In the spring of 1856, he helped found the Missouri State Teachers Association and was elected Vice President. The following autumn, he returned to Pennsylvania and enrolled at Lancaster County Normal School to receive training specific to his newfound vocation. Career
From 1857 to 1863, <mask> led normal schools, including  the Farmington Male and Female Seminary (Burnettsville, Indiana) and a new institution at Kokomo, Indiana. Founded  as Farmington Academy in the southwestern part of town, in 1858 <mask> opened the Indiana Normal.This was Indiana's first Normal School and the fifth in the United States. At Kokomo, Indiana, <mask> provided  the first impetus to higher education. A joint stock company, the Normal School Association, was organized in 1859 under <mask>'s direction, placing emphasis on the "normal" method of instruction to prepare students to become teachers. This was an early example of the spirit, at once scientific, evangelical and entrepreneurial, which characterized all of <mask>'s educational projects. Center Township provided $3,000 for the construction of a Normal Building. The money was provided on the condition that the township would have the use of the four lower rooms for a free school known as the Indiana State Normal School of Kokomo. He taught a few students in a one story frame building near the present intersection of Mulberry and Main Streets.Classes at the Normal School began in 1863-64. Military service
Although never really robust in health or constitution, during the Civil War, <mask> organized Company B of the 118th Indiana Infantry, a company made up of Kokomo students. Capt. <mask> and the 30-40 men of his command served from July 1863 to March 1864, and saw action at Blue Springs (October 10, 1863), Walker's Ford (December 2) and Tazewell (January 24, 1864). After the war he moved to Logansport, Indiana, where he became Principal of Logansport Seminary and of Cass County Normal School. In February 1867, <mask> resolved to found a new teacher-preparation institute. With the advice of Major J.B. Merwin of St. Louis, editor of the American Journal of Education, and his own nephew, J. J. Grigsby of Kirksville, Missouri, he selected Kirksville as the location. Another factor that helped <mask> decide on Kirksville was the availability of a ready-made structure -the Cumberland Academy Building - that fulfilled all the needs for the school. Built in 1860, the building, located on the corner of Mulanix and Hickory Streets (now Memorial Park), resembled a church, complete with a tall steeple. It had served as McNeil's headquarters during the Battle of Kirksville. It was originally built to house a school known as the Cumberland Academy. <mask> leased the building for $100 per year. Normal schools
On September 2, 1867, the North Missouri Normal School and Commercial College opened.In 1870, the state legislature provided for the creation of the normal school system and <mask>, who was named a member of the organizing Board of Regents, offered his school to the state. His offer was accepted, and the school came under state control as the First District Normal School on December 29, 1870; <mask> was named President. When <mask>'s North Missouri Normal School outgrew the Cumberland Academy building, a site was chosen for a new building. At the time, the new location selected for the school was a cornfield just outside the Kirksville city limits. To meet the state's demands that the school be located inside the city limits of a county seat, the Kirksville city limits had to be extended to include the property. Although not named formally, the building became known as the Normal Building (and much later, "Baldwin Hall"). An impressive tower in the center of the building rose  up toward the sky, creating a landmark that was visible for miles.Historical documents state that approximately 600-700 students could be accommodated in the building, which was divided into teachers' rooms, a library, a laboratory, a large assembly room, recitation rooms, as well as other various rooms. The large hall had a  ceiling that featured beautiful open timber work. The entire cost of the Normal Building was $101,400 - all a testimony to <mask>'s powers of organization and persuasion, and the regard with which this newcomer was held in the community. The institution <mask> founded would grow to become Truman State University. Sam Houston Normal Institute
In 1881, <mask> was on a lecture tour, and by a chain of circumstances not fully known, was elected principal of one of the institutions he visited. <mask> left Kirksville in 1881 to become the third principal of the Sam Houston Normal Institute (now Sam Houston State University), replacing the recently resigned president, H.H. Smith, and bringing along his daughter <mask> as the founder of the Art faculty; his daughter Zoe would also teach there.Under his presidency, in 1890, Old Main was built and occupied, allowing space for an additional year of study for students wishing to remain beyond the traditional two-year program – part of <mask>'s lifelong efforts to enforce rigor and depth in the training of public school teachers. He created seven departments of study for the Institute: professional work; natural and physical science; English and literature; vocal music and calisthenics; rhetoric, etymology, and physiology; and elocution, drawing, and penmanship. He served from 1881–91, leaving to accept the newly created chair in Pedagogy at the University of Texas at Austin. His chief achievement was to raise awareness of the need for teacher training specific to the requirements of public school administrators and teachers of specialized subjects in the high schools. This school would eventually become the University of Texas College of Education. <mask> retired as Professor Emeritus in 1897 and died January 13, 1899, aged 71. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas.Children
<mask> had nine children: Icilius <mask> (1853), Anabel B<mask> Sublette (1856), Olivia Artemesia <mask> (1858), Coramantha M<mask> Haston (1860), <mask> <mask> (1863), Rachel Irene <mask>(1865) <mask> (1868), Norma Mable <mask> (1870), and Zoe Lenore <mask>lette (1874). Publications
While living in Texas he wrote several books on education:
Art of School Management (1881)
Elementary Psychology and Education, a text-book for high schools, normal schools, normal institutes, and reading circles, and a manual for teachers. (1887) another ed. D. Appleton, New York, 1897
Psychology Applied to the Art of Teaching (1892)
School Management and School Methods (1897)

Honors

<mask> received an honorary LL.D from Bethany College in 1891. He is memorialized at Truman State University by Baldwin Hall ("Old" Baldwin, the building <mask> himself constructed, burned 1924; the cornerstone for "New" <mask> was laid in 1938), the prestigious annual <mask> Lecture, and the Joseph Baldwin Academy for Eminent Young Scholars. There is also a lifesize bronze statue of <mask> on the quadrangle. The Education Building at Sam Houston State University, built in 1918, was meant to be renamed for <mask> in 1981, but was demolished the next year.References
<mask>, <mask>. Diary (typescript). Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Graff, Harvey J., Conflicting Paths: Growing Up in America, Harvard University Press, 1995. Ryle, Walter H. Centennial History of the Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Kirksville, Missouri, 1972. Selby, P.O. One Hundred Twenty-Three Biographies of Deceased Faculty Members, Northeast Missouri State Teachers College,  Kirksville, Missouri, 1962,

Further reading
Stallones, J. R. (1997).The Strange Case of <mask>: A Study in the Politics of Education. Journal of the Midwest History of Education Society. 24: 39-45
Images of <mask>, his statue, some descendants, the Cumberland Academy Building, and Old Baldwin Hall before and after the fire are available from the Truman Review
The following rare volumes include their call numbers at the Pickler Memorial Library (Truman State University):
Knight, Homer L. <mask>: Pioneer Educator. Kirksville, Missouri, Simpson Printing, 1957. LB1705 B3
Matthews, James Carl. <mask>: a dedicated teacher educator, Kirksville, Missouri, Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, 1959. LB1705.B3
Contributions to education (George Peabody College for Teachers); no.111. Thesis (Ph.D) - George Peabody College for Teachers, 1932. LA2317.B14 M3

1827 births
1899 deaths
American educational theorists
19th-century American writers
Truman State University people
People from Kokomo, Indiana
People from Kirksville, Missouri
People from Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
People from Austin, Texas
People of Indiana in the American Civil War
Bethany College (West Virginia) alumni

masks:
Joseph Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Olivia Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Victor Baldwin
. Baldwin
Baldwin
. Baldwin
Joseph Rolla
Baldwin
Baldwin
Harold Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin Sub
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph
Joseph Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin


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<mask>. "Catfish" <mask> is an American activist, community organizer, and civil rights worker. He is a cofounder of Destiny-Pride, Inc., a Washington, DC-based civic organization dedicated to improving the lives of African-American youths. Personal life
<mask> was born at Columbia Hospital and was raised in what is now Northeast, DC in a projects called Parkside. He is the youngest of six children;  he had three sisters, Doris and Jean who are both deceased, Lenoris, and two brothers, Clifton and James. His parents are <mask> and <mask>. He went to Neval Thomas Elementary School, Woodson Junior High and eventually Chamberlain Vocational. Growing up in a heavily segregated Washington, D.C., <mask> was never given the opportunity to interact with other cultures besides his own.He lived in Parkside, which was a part of a quadrant of other projects including East Capitol, Lincoln Heights, and Barry Farm. A the time, members of each community stayed within their “section” and co-mingling was rare. In fact, the quadrants were self- contained and designed to keep members of each respective project in their own neighborhood. <mask>'s mother played a large role in the development of shaping him into the man he is today. Hattie <mask> was a functioning illiterate. <mask> spent a lot of his time as a child trying to teach his mother how to read and write. He truly admired her ability to still provide for their family and instill a value in practicing their faith.Toward the end of her life she was spotlighted in a Chicago Tribune article about women in Washington, D.C.. As for his father, <mask> Sr, <mask> learned a lot about discipline, structure and “being a man”. He was also a great provider for him and the rest of the family. From the ages of 12 to 17, <mask> spent time in and out of detention centers for stealing cars. As  a child, he would take his father and uncle's cars in order to gain attention from others due to some underlying self- esteem issues he possessed. As he got older, he began stealing from used car lots and ended up serving time in Oak Hill Detention Center at the age of 12 and the National Training School at the age of 17. In 1973, <mask> met his wife, Nancy Carter, at the Mark IV Supper Club. The two were engaged for nearly 20 years.Subsequently, they had three children, Phillipe, <mask> III and Reginald. <mask> predeceased his parents on August 13, 2010. Activism/Destiny-Pride, Inc. In 1967, <mask> became the chairman of Destiny-Pride, Inc. Upon its establishment, the organization helped to employ nearly 1,400 black youths in the rougher parts of D.C.. Workers were paid between $56 to $100 weekly; this may not have not been the most luxurious job, but it was enough to keep them off the streets. Work done entailed cleaning over 1,400 city streets, 1,200 alleys and killing over 25,00 rats. On weekends, 600 youths worked 13 hours while attending school full-time during the week.When the organization first launched, Destiny- Pride, Inc. was only able to secure $300,000 in government funding just to “carry them” through the summer. When they asked for more, Virginia Republican, Joel Broyhill of House District of Columbia, implied that <mask> couldn't even be trusted with the money. After gaining the support of nearly 30,000 signatures on a petition, Destiny-Pride, Inc.’s funding went up to an impressive $2.3 million for the following years to come. <mask> started the organization after experiencing the effects of police brutality and how it effects the perception of both whites on blacks, and blacks on themselves. <mask> was only 17 when his best friend, Clarence Booker, was shot in the back during an altercation with a police officer. The pair were fighting over a 29¢ box of cookies which the officer thought Booker was stealing. During the altercation, <mask> pleaded with Booker to let go of the officer's gun because he believed there was no reason for the officer to shoot him over a 29¢ box of cookies.Booker was dead on site; however, when <mask> made attempts at visiting his friend in the hospital, he was told Booker only received bruises from the incident and had been charged with assaulting an officer. The next day, <mask>'s mother had informed him about Booker's death. This news sparked motivation in <mask> to get justice for his friend. During their attempts to get the officer indicted, <mask> led several protests in which numerous kids were involved. One of the protests involved a hearse, provided by a local funeral home, with a coffin on top in remembrance of Booker. Marion Barry, who happened to be boycotting the D.C. transit system at the time, and Sterling Tucker, who was in charge of the Urban League helped to create a large group of other DC activists in efforts to get Officer Rull indicted. Despite their efforts, he was never charged with anything.<mask> was familiar with a woman named Ruth Bates Harris who was head of the Commission on Human Rights. He was determined to get her help in hopes of having the police officer arrested for homicide. After communicating with Ms. Harris, the idea for Destiny-Pride, Inc was born. This incident was the icing on the cake for Mayfield; he realized the black, youth needed someone to remind them of their importance and self worth. As a child, he dealt with many issues regarding the color of his dark skin tone. He was always deemed less attractive, less intelligent, and overall just less of anything. Much of his criminal record is caused by his insecurities as a child; he stole vehicles to gain attention from his peers because that was the only way he could felt he could be deemed as socially acceptable.An organization like Destiny-Pride, Inc. had never been conceived before; they were helping to bring unity within the black community. <mask> heavily believed in helping one another before we worry about the nation; he felt that in order to help the black community, they must work to help themselves first. <mask> had “section chiefs” in each project quadrant, each of whom had a supervisor. During this time in DC, even blacks didn't get along with each other, so the projects were consistently more violent with black on black crime. <mask> used these representatives to help relieve crimes such as fightings, shootings, and stabbings. Their efforts brought unity to the communities by having over 1,400 kids from all four projects be a part of Pride, Inc. In 1968, <mask> had a falling out with Barry who cofounded Destiny-Pride, Inc with him.Barry felt that <mask> was too aggressive with his attacks on the system after the Labor Union had given Pride, Inc. a grant when they first formed. <mask> felt too strongly that, even though Pride, Inc had made tremendous progress, there was still discriminate against blacks and more still needed to be done. After Barry's numerous attempts to quiet Mayfield, they parted ways. After leaving Pride, Inc, <mask> was contacted by Jerry Brenner, who worked for CBS at the time, and was ultimately given the opportunity to do speaking tours and other activist related activities where he traveled to many midwestern states speaking at institutions like the University of Minnesota Duluth, the University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire and Luther College in Deborah, Iowa and the University of Indiana in Bloomington. He just wanted to remain heard after leaving Destiny-Pride, Inc. In 1970, he received a scholarship from the George Washington University in which he studied in the Business Administration after he was persuaded out of the Divinity School because “blacks always go into something like that”. He then left GWU to work with Common Cause to help ratify the 18-year old vote; his participation in this movement derailed his tenure at GWU.<mask> also received a contract with the Minneapolis Star where the ran a weekly column called “‘A Voice from the Ghetto’ by <mask> ‘Catfish’ Mayfield”. Hiatus
After leaving GWU, <mask> met Junior Gilliam, the owner of a DC nightclub named Shelter Room. He became an MC for the club, mostly doing jokes. After leaving the Shelter Room, <mask> began working for Paul Cohn, who owned the infamous Mark IV Supper Club and the Room Nightclub. His stint as an emcee there was overly successful. The crowd loved him. Subsequently, <mask> began touring with entertainers like Gladys Knight and the Pips, Natalie Cole, the Temptations, the Dramatics, and even James Brown.In 1985, <mask> entered the Department of Human Services. He was heavily disappointed when he realized he could not utilize his activism there; being an activist still played a large role in what he identified as. He absolutely hated working for the city. When Sharon Pratt became mayor, she wanted to start firing innocent worker who needed these jobs to survive. H.R. Crawford, who was on city council, and John Wilson, chairman of the council, decided to be in support of Pratt just because she had won after Marion's arrest in 1990. <mask> was then fed up with the entire system and decided to stand up to Pratt after the incident.He was terminated from his position after doing so. <mask> started working for the government again in 1995. He met Wayne Casey, who provided him with the instruction to become well versed with aspects of the Department of Human Services. He was also the Acting Administrator for the Youth Service Administration for three weeks when Casey was on vacation. <mask> was eventually given a promotion at DHS when his supervisor relocated to Maryland. He utilized this position to rebuild the environment at DHS, considering the vulnerability of the people they were working with. <mask> first saw Dr. King when he was speaking at the Roosevelt Hotel right before the Poor Peoples Campaign, which <mask> had worked on.<mask> was hesitant to attend the speech, since he resigned with the Malcolm X approach to activism, but ended up going anyway. Dr. King, who was preaching about the repeal of the Internment Act, claimed that blacks would be viewed more like the Japanese if they resisted less. These words resigned with <mask>; even though he wanted the fire in his voice like Malcolm X, Dr. King's words helped humble his ideas and solidify his belief in Christianity. <mask> was then brought to meet with Dr. King before he was leaving to New York for Johnny Carson's Tonight Show. Dr. King told Mayfield “Catfish, I look forward to working with you”; before the pair could meet Dr. King was assassinated shortly after. References

American activists
African-American activists

masks:
Rufus G
Mayfield
Mayfield
Rufus Sr
Hattie Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Lee Mayfield
Rufus
Rufus Mayfield
Mayfield
Rufus
Mayfield
Rufus
Reginald Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
Rufus
Mayfield
Mayfield
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Mayfield
Mayfield
Mayfield
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Mayfield
Mayfield
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Mayfield
Mayfield


texts:
<mask> (born November 21, 1966) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys. After transferring from  Oklahoma, he won the Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year at UCLA and was selected first overall by the Cowboys in the 1989 NFL Draft. As the Cowboys' longest-tenured quarterback, <mask> received six Pro Bowl selections and won three Super Bowl titles from 1992 to 1995. <mask> was named MVP of Super Bowl XXVII, the franchise's first title in over a decade. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2008. Since retiring in 2000, <mask> has served as a television sportscaster for the Fox network. On February 24, 2022, <mask> agreed to a four year deal with ESPN to commentate Monday Night Football.<mask> was also a former joint owner of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series racing team Hall of Fame Racing, along with fellow former Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach, and was a part-owner of the San Diego Padres in Major League Baseball (MLB). Early life
<mask> was born on November 21, 1966. He spent the first part of his childhood in West Covina, California. At the age of 12, <mask>'s family moved to Henryetta, Oklahoma, where he played football and baseball at Henryetta High School, where he would earn All-State honors. <mask> also won the 1983 Oklahoma high school state championship in typing. College career

Oklahoma Sooners
The New York Mets offered <mask> a contract out of high school, but instead of playing baseball he chose to pursue football and attended the University of Oklahoma under head coach Barry Switzer. In 1984, he became the first freshman to start at quarterback for Oklahoma since World War II.In 1985, his first full season as a collegiate starter, <mask> led the Sooners to victories over Minnesota, Kansas State, and #17 Texas in the Red River Shootout before losing to the Miami Hurricanes as he left the game with a broken ankle. He also lost to his future teammate, Michael Irvin and future head coach, Jimmy Johnson, who had also scouted him when he was the head coach of Oklahoma State. On October 19, Miami's Jerome Brown broke through the offensive line, sacked <mask> on the Sooner 29-yard line and broke <mask>'s ankle. <mask>, who had been six of eight passing for 131 yards, would be lost for the season. Switzer and offensive coordinator Jim Donnan were forced to switch back to the wishbone offense under freshman quarterback Jamelle Holieway. The team went on to win the 1985 National Championship. With Holieway established as the starting quarterback at OU, <mask> decided to transfer to UCLA.UCLA Bruins
Barry Switzer oversaw <mask>'s transfer to UCLA, a program under Terry Donahue that was more conducive to a passing quarterback. He had to sit out one year due to college transfer rules but went on to lead the Bruins to a 20–4 record over two seasons. As a junior, <mask> earned the Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year. He led the Bruins to a 10–2 record and the 1987 Aloha Bowl, where they beat the Florida Gators 20–16. As a senior, <mask> won the 1988 Davey O'Brien Award as the nation's top quarterback, a first for UCLA. He was a Consensus All-American, the UPI West Coast Player of the Year, the Washington DC Club QB of the Year, a finalist for the 1988 AFCA "Coaches Choice" Player of the year award, and finished third in voting for the 1988 Heisman Trophy. UCLA matched the victory total from the previous season under <mask>, going 10–2 and losing only to USC and Washington State.The 1988 season culminated with a 17–3 Bruins victory over the Arkansas Razorbacks in the 1989 Cotton Bowl Classic, which was played in Dallas. The Dallas media spent most of the Cotton Bowl Classic week promoting <mask> as the "next quarterback of the Cowboys," and much was made of Cowboys head coach Tom Landry watching <mask> practice during the Bruins' workouts at Texas Stadium. <mask> finished his career as the number two career passing leader in UCLA history. In 2008, <mask> was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. On November 28, 2014, UCLA retired his #8 jersey at halftime against Stanford. Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
<mask> was the first overall pick in the 1989 NFL Draft, by the Dallas Cowboys. On February 25, 1989, new owner Jerry Jones fired Tom Landry and replaced him with Jimmy Johnson.A few months later, in the NFL's supplemental draft, Johnson drafted Steve Walsh, who played for Johnson at the University of Miami. <mask> won the starting quarterback job, and Walsh was traded early in the 1990 season. <mask> played his first NFL preseason game on August 26, 1989 against the Denver Broncos. His NFL debut started with a 28–0 loss to the New Orleans Saints. The following week, <mask> threw his first touchdown pass, a 65-yard completion to Michael Irvin, but the Atlanta Falcons intercepted two passes and won. In a game against the Arizona Cardinals, he threw for 379 yards to set an NFL rookie record. <mask> finished 1989 with a 0–11 record as a starter, completing 155 of 293 passes for 1,749 yards, 9 touchdowns, and 18 interceptions.Following <mask>'s rookie season, Dallas selected Florida Gators running back Emmitt Smith in the first round of the 1990 NFL Draft. With Smith and Irvin, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 7–7 record in the 1990 season, but was injured in the 15th game, against the Philadelphia Eagles. The Cowboys would go on to lose that game and the following week against the Atlanta Falcons with backup quarterback Babe Laufenberg, missing the final playoff wild card spot by one game. In 1991, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 6–4 record in the first 10 games and had the Cowboys ahead in week 12 against undefeated Washington Redskins when he was injured. Steve Beuerlein replaced <mask>, and Dallas finished the season 5–0 and earned the #5 playoff seed. Beuerlein went on to lead the Cowboys to a road upset over the #4 seed Chicago Bears in the Wild Card round. With the Cowboys trailing 17–6 at halftime the following week against the Detroit Lions in the NFC Divisional Playoff game, <mask> was inserted to start the third quarter, but was unable to provide a spark as the Cowboys lost, 38–6.<mask> was selected to the first of six consecutive Pro Bowls. In 1992, <mask> set career highs in completions (302), passing yards (3,445) and touchdown passes (23), and led the Cowboys to a team record 13 regular-season victories and the second-best record in the NFC. During the playoffs, <mask> broke Joe Montana's record of 83 passes without an interception by throwing 89. The Cowboys defeated the Eagles at home in the Division Playoffs and squared off against the 49ers in the NFC Championship, a matchup that featured the two best teams in the NFC. The Cowboys won, 30–20, with <mask> completing two game-changing passes to send the Cowboys to their first Super Bowl appearance since 1979. In Super Bowl XXVII against the Buffalo Bills, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 52–17 victory (coincidentally the game was played in his alma mater's home stadium, the Rose Bowl). <mask> was named Super Bowl MVP after completing 22-of-30 passes for 273 yards and 4 touchdowns.In 1993, Dallas finished 12–4, the best record in the NFC. In the playoffs, <mask> again guided Dallas to home playoff victory, this time over a young, upstart Green Bay Packers squad led by quarterback Brett Favre, who was in his first full season as a starting quarterback. <mask> then shredded the 49ers secondary in the NFC Championship 38–21, before leaving the game with a concussion after 49ers defensive tackle Dana Stubblefield's knee hit <mask>'s head. <mask> now says he has no memory of playing in the game. In Super Bowl XXVIII, <mask> was kept out of the end zone, but a combination of key turnovers by the Bills offense and the running of Emmitt Smith helped lead to a 30–13 victory for the Cowboys. Head coach Jimmy Johnson left the team on March 29, 1994, and Jerry Jones hired Barry Switzer, <mask>'s former college coach at Oklahoma. The Cowboys finished with the second-best record in the NFC, (behind the 49ers) and <mask> again missed playing time due to injuries.Dallas won their Divisional Playoff game against Green Bay 35–9, but fell to the 49ers in the NFC Championship, 38–28. In 1995, <mask> passed for over 3,300 yards as the Cowboys once again finished with the best record in the NFC, with the 49ers having the second-best record. <mask> was knocked out of a highly anticipated rematch between Dallas and San Francisco when 49ers' Stubblefield landed on <mask>, forcing his knee to hit the turf. After a playoff loss at home by the 49ers to the Packers, the Cowboys hosted the Packers in the NFC Championship and, for the third straight season, knocked the Packers out of the playoffs, this time by a 38–27 score, to earn their third Super Bowl appearance in four years. Dallas won Super Bowl XXX against the Pittsburgh Steelers 27–17, with <mask> throwing one touchdown pass. In 1996, despite offensive troubles, <mask> again helped lead Dallas to another NFC East Division title and a home game for the Wild Card playoff round, a 40–15 drubbing of the Minnesota Vikings. The following week, Dallas fell in the Divisional Playoffs to Carolina, 26–17.In 1997, <mask> became the first quarterback in Cowboys' history to have three straight 3,000-yard seasons, but the team finished 6–10 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 1990. Switzer suffered the first losing season of his career, and resigned at the end of the season. 1998 was a rebound year for <mask> and Cowboys, and despite missing five games, <mask> again helped lead Dallas back to the NFC East title and the playoffs. Dallas was stunned at home in the Wild Card game as the #6 seed Arizona Cardinals won, 20–7. The 1999 season started off with a bang for <mask> and the Cowboys as they squared off against the Redskins. <mask> fired a career-high five touchdown passes, including the game winner in overtime to beat Washington. 1999 also marked the final playoff appearance for <mask>, and the final season the trio of <mask>, Irvin and Emmitt Smith would play together.Dallas finished 8–8 and lost in the Wild Card playoff game at Minnesota, 27–10. The 2000 season was <mask>'s final season as a professional football player. <mask> suffered several concussions during the season, and a revolving door at quarterback took place between <mask> and former Eagles quarterback Randall Cunningham. <mask>'s final game was at home against the Washington Redskins. He was hit by linebacker LaVar Arrington and suffered the tenth and final concussion of his career. During the 2001 offseason, <mask> was waived a day before he was due a $70 million/7-year contract extension, and ultimately announced his retirement on April 9, after failing to find another team. He ended his career as the Cowboys' all-time leading passer (32,942 yards).90 of his 94 career wins were in the 1990s and were the most by any quarterback in any decade until Peyton Manning surpassed him in the 2000s with 115 wins. Presently, <mask> is third on that list, also trailing Tom Brady (122 in the 2010s). During a late December 2013 radio interview, <mask> said the real reason he retired was due to persistent back issues he had in his final season. <mask> explained that he had back surgery in the offseason following Super Bowl XXVII with no complications but by the time he reached his final season he was constantly getting treatment for back pain. While the hit by Arrington ended his 2000 season, he claims it was the back pain and not that concussion that ended his career. In a January 2020 interview, <mask> said he wanted to sign with the San Diego Chargers after being released by the Cowboys in the 2001 offseason to play for Norv Turner, but they signed Doug Flutie instead and <mask> chose to retire. He said Andy Reid called him after Eagles' starting quarterback Donovan McNabb suffered a broken ankle in week 11 of the 2002 season to offer him the starting position, but <mask> declined.In 2003, <mask> agreed to play for the Miami Dolphins with Turner as their offensive coordinator and began training again, but the team decided against signing him to a contract. Career statistics

College statistics

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Post-retirement activities
After his retirement from professional football as a player, <mask> joined Fox's NFC telecasts as a color commentator for the 2001 season. A year later, he was named to the network's lead announcing crew, teaming with Joe Buck and (from 2002 to 2004) Cris Collinsworth. <mask> received an Emmy Award nomination for his television work in 2004 and has helped broadcast six Super Bowls (XXXIX, XLII, XLV, XLVIII, LI, and LIV) to date. It was revealed in 2016 that in 2004, <mask> nearly came out of retirement to sign a one-year deal with the Miami Dolphins but the Dolphins ended up not signing him. <mask> also hosts a weekly sports radio show which airs on Thursday from 7 to 8 p.m. ET on Sporting News Radio, and appears weekly during the football season on the Dunham & Miller morning show on Dallas sports talk radio station 1310 The Ticket.He was a public spokesman for Acme Brick throughout his career. He is also the chairman of the Troy Aikman Foundation, a charity to benefit children that has recently focused on building playplaces for children's hospitals. The Agency Sports Management & Marketing handles <mask>'s marketing activities, where Jordan Bazant is his lead agent. <mask>, who in 1999 was ranked No. 95 on The Sporting News''' list of the 100 Greatest Football Players, has been the official Wing Stop spokesman for several years. He appeared in the Simpsons episode "Sunday, Cruddy Sunday" alongside former Miami Dolphins quarterback Dan Marino. He also participated in the 2001 and 2011 videos honoring Billy Graham's 83rd and 93rd birthdays.<mask> said he was going to appear in Dancing with the Stars in front of TMZ cameras. However, he revealed he was only joking about it and won't appear on the show. On September 19, 2005, at halftime of the Cowboys-Redskins game (broadcast on Monday Night Football), <mask> was inducted into the Dallas Cowboys Ring of Honor with his longtime teammates Michael Irvin and Emmitt Smith. On August 5, 2006, <mask> was one of six players inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. At another halftime ceremony, this one on February 7, 2009, at the UCLA-Notre Dame basketball game, <mask>'s induction into the College Hall of Fame was honored. <mask> announced he had completed course work to finish his degree in sociology. He participated in UCLA's 2009 Sociology Department commencement ceremony with current quarterback Kevin Craft and former linebacker Marcus Reece, who also came back to finish his college education.Former UCLA quarterback John Sciarra was keynote speaker at the ceremony. On February 9, 2010, <mask> became a member of the National Football Foundation Board of Directors. As of fall 2010, <mask> is a co-spokesman for Rent-a-Center, along with Hulk Hogan. In fall 2011, <mask> became a part of the Oxford Preparatory Academy Charter School Advisory Board in Southern California. In November 2013, <mask> was named as a 2014 recipient of the NCAA Silver Anniversary Award, given annually to six former college athletes 25 years after the end of their college athletics careers. In March 2014, <mask> was announced as a partner and spokesman for IDLife. Prior to a 2020 NFL broadcast between the Packers and Buccaneers in Tampa, <mask> and his partner Joe Buck were caught on a hot mic questioning the necessity of a military flyover when only 15,000 fans were allowed in Raymond James Stadium for the game.<mask> most notably said "That's a lot of jet fuel just to do a little flyover" and "That stuff ain't happening with a Kamala-Biden ticket, I'll tell you that right now, partner." An Armed Forces spokesperson later said there is no additional cost to conduct the flyovers. Meanwhile, Buck and <mask> faced accusations of being unpatriotic. Hall of Fame Racing
In late 2005, <mask> together with another former Cowboys quarterback, Roger Staubach, established Hall of Fame Racing with Terry Labonte and Tony Raines co-driving the #96 DLP HDTV Chevrolet in the NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Series in 2006 (the race car's number was derived by multiplying <mask>'s Cowboy jersey number 8 by Staubach's jersey number 12). Raines drove for <mask> full-time in 2007, and J.J. Yeley and Brad Coleman drove the car in 2008. He has invited some of the current and former Dallas Cowboys players Drew Bledsoe, Terry Glenn, Roy Williams, and others to test drive NASCAR race cars at Texas Motor Speedway. Personal life
<mask>, once named the most eligible bachelor in Dallas by Texas Monthly'', dated country singer Lorrie Morgan.He married former Cowboys publicist Rhonda Worthey on April 8, 2000, in Plano, Texas. Worthey has a daughter from a previous marriage, named Rachel. Worthey and <mask> have two daughters. The couple announced their separation on January 24, 2011. Their divorce became final April 12, 2011. On June 2, 2017, <mask> announced his engagement to high-end fashion retailer Catherine "Capa" Mooty on Instagram. Mooty has two sons with her ex-husband, lawyer Jerry Mooty, who is the nephew of Cowboys' owner Jerry Jones.On September 1, 2017, <mask> and Catherine Mooty married at the Biltmore Four Seasons in Montecito, California. References

External links

1966 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American color commentators
American football quarterbacks
American philanthropists
American sports radio personalities
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Dallas Cowboys players
NASCAR team owners
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
National Football League first overall draft picks
NFL Europe broadcasters
Oklahoma Sooners football players
People from Henryetta, Oklahoma
Players of American football from California
Players of American football from Dallas
Players of American football from Oklahoma
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from West Covina, California
Super Bowl MVPs
UCLA Bruins football players

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<mask> "<mask><mask> (August 4, 1857 - 1929) was a music teacher who developed the Color-Music method to teach music to children. Early life
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> was born on August 4, 1857, in Durban, South Africa, the daughter of Silas W<mask> and Fanny Melissa Clark Nelson, foreign missionaries. Some of her ancestors were among the early settlers in the colonies. One of these belonged to the company made interesting by Richard Mather's story of the voyage from Southampton, England, in the "James" in 1635. Thirteen of her ancestors fought in the French and Indian wars, and one, Samuel Chapin, also known as "Deacon Chapin," is an interesting figure in history and story, whose statue — the work of Augustus Saint-Gaudens, called "The Puritan" — is one of the conspicuous monuments in Springfield, Massachusetts. Two bronze copies of this may be found — one in the Dresden Gallery and the other in the Louvre, Paris, while a colossal statue of the same confronts the visitor on entering the Saint Louis Art Museum in Forest Park (St. Louis). The qualities of the New England pioneer mingle with those of the family of <mask>'s father, who were prominent in Southern New York and Northern Virginia all through the life of the colonies, and the subsequent history of the United States.After the death of McKinney's mother in South Africa, her father was forced to return to his native land on account of the ill-health of his daughter, Fannie, and because of this urgent need, boarded the first vessel coming into port. This was a freight vessel, with a prize cargo of saltpetre for the federal army, which was in the midst of its struggle with the Southern States in the War of the Rebellion. Of this voyage, Hughey has a fund of thrilling stories as well as many anecdotes. She liked to tell of the custom of Sunday evening prayers on deck at the sunset hour. Her father had a very good tenor voice, and as he led the hymns, his clear tones mingled with those of the others, the soft sounds of the water, together with the wonderful changing colors of the ocean, made a never-to-be effaced impression of the exquisite harmony of colors, music, parental and divine love, and to those influences Hughey attributed the beginning of what later has developed into her method of teaching music by the color system. Hughey's education had been rather out of the regular order. Owing to poor health she spent a part of her early life in the invalid's chair or bed, and much of her time when not suffering greatly from pain and weakness was occupied in developing some subject in which she was for the time especially interested.In this way she learned how to think, how to search for desired information, and how to express herself. At a very early age she showed great devotion to music and later became very fond of writing. Her studies during those years were carried on with frequent interruptions, which acted as a stimulus to her mental endeavor, either in private lessons with her father or small private schools; and she claimed that the intimate association with her teachers was a far better education than all the text books which she might have had. After a partial college course in the Western Seminary at Oxford, Ohio, she seemed drawn about equally toward a musical and literary career. Following a period of sickness were four years of great activity as a teacher of music in a private school in Philadelphia. During this time she also studied piano with William H. Sherwood, and later entered the musical conservatory of Ingham University at Le Roy, New York, which was the first woman's university in the United States. From there she went to Rochester, New York, to take a special course under Mrs. C. S. P. Gary, and the following year, 1880, graduated from the Lyons Musical Academy in Lyons, New York.The next season was spent in Boston studying musical composition and pipe organ with <mask> Thayer, and piano with William H. Sherwood. Such opportunities proved too great a temptation to her ambition and again she taxed her limited strength beyond endurance, and just as she was timidly bowing to possible success her health gave way and she was forced to abandon all hopes of concert life. While in Philadelphia she also studied composition with Dr. Hugh A. Clarke, and rhythmic law, melodic forms, kindergarten principles and practices and various philosophical deductions with Daniel Batcheller. Some of her associates there were Ida Waugh, the child painter; Fred Waugh, the landscape artist; Theodore Presser of the Etude, and others more or less known to fame. <mask>'s fondness for analysis and enjoyment of a keen argument dates far back to earliest childhood when, oftentimes too weak to play, she would lie in her father's arms and listen to animated discussions with some visiting clergyman, lawyer or college professor; and those debates created a desire to know what is really true and right and to choose always the good in life. Career
The first work in Missouri done by <mask> was in foreign missionary circles and for the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Later when obliged to return to music teaching to help provide a home for a little son and daughter, she was surprised to find musical thought in the West not yet up to the
advanced ideas which she had studied in the East before her marriage.The first attention attracted to <mask>'s musical work in St. Louis was because of an unusual intelligence which became a characteristic of the playing of her pupils. Instead of being poor copyists of their teacher, they exhibited an ability to recognize the content of a musical work, and to acquire an independent, although correct expression of it. During this period her work in organizing and conducting the "study class" of the Union Musical Club attracted wide interest, the plan being copied by others in the National Federation of Musical Clubs, and the idea being written up by Eastern and Northern papers and magazines. This chairmanship was only resigned in order to take the presidency of the club; she is still giving practical aid to interests begun in that class. In 1905 the attention of music lovers was attracted to <mask>'s article in the Etude, "Do I Teach My Pupils or Do They Teach Me?" for which she received the first prize in the contest for the best paper on practical teaching. This contribution won for the author many professional and other friends.Another article on Church Music, in which the writer unmercifully held up to view the possible disturbances caused by organs run by electricity, together with the sins and failings of the organist, choir singers, and music committees, aroused a lively interest and many comments — but through carelessness on the part of the printer the author's name was omitted and the editor of the organ department of the "Etude" had the unexpected pleasure of suffering for, as well as enjoying, the criticisms unfavorable and favorable. <mask> was chairman of the Sacred Music Committee of the National Federation of Music Clubs, and edited the column "Mothers, Babes and Music," in the "Musical Monitor" — the official organ of the national organization. Gradually through her lectures and writings she was recognized as a little ahead of her time, and the fact that her methods were generally adopted prove the practical value of her ideas. As a lecturer she was absolutely fearless, being perfectly at home on any platform, and expressing herself before the largest audiences with the greatest ease and fluency. She was wholly devoted to her profession, and the success of her efforts in musical and literary lines had been a source of
commendation and approval to the music lovers of St. Louis. <mask> was a member of The Society of Colonial Daughters of the XVII Century, The National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America and Daughters of the American Revolution. Color-Music system

<mask> E. <mask> <mask> conducted The Hughey Color-Music Model School for children from two to seven years of age, and normal training classes for mothers and teachers at the Milliken Conservatory of Music, Decatur, Illinois.Along with the musical training went instruction in number work, nature work, bodily exercise, and for the more advanced pupils languages were taught. The training school was for those who wish to learn the Hughey system, either for teaching or for home instruction. Fannie E<mask> <mask>'s book on her method of teaching music by the color system, "Color Music for Children," which was published in 1912 by G. Schirmer, New York, was calculated for and addressed to babes and kindergarten pupils. As Hughey rightly observed: "Instruction began formerly with the adult's conception of things; the object being to impart this knowledge to the child. Modern methods begin with the child's experience, and the things which interest him, and broaden out to include the whole field of learning. A child's imagination is very active and sensitive; his power of imitation is just as keen. His world is made up of imagination and imitation.If we would have him love music and desire it, we must go to him where he is, rather than expect him to come to us with our grown-up ideas." "If we would help him to think, feel, render and love music, we must teach him by imagery, mimicry and imagination. So we associate musical sounds with colors, making pictures for the eye and pictures for the ear, and in order to make the pictures definite and reasonable the colors are given the shapes of birds, because birds are not only pretty to look at but to listen to. Thus the little ones learn to write and render music as they "learn to paint a picture or compose a story." The interesting part of Hughey's system is that she insisted it is best to begin music before a child is able to walk, in happy play with its mother. Little children, three, four and five years old, could learn music faster and more accurately and enjoy the study more than at any later period, provided they had the right start. A little child would hardly learn to love music when it is plumped down on a hard music stool, and watched by a severe instructress while stumbling through the scales and five-finger exercises, its eyes anxiously fixed on the guiding lead pencil.No wonder children looked upon it as a distasteful task, and conceive a lasting hatred for music lessons. From earliest infancy children were attracted by colors; Hughey had simply taken advantage of this fact and developed a natural and logical system from it. A thorough test of the color method had been made before presenting it to the public, and the eagerness with which children took up the lessons, and their enthusiasm over the work, had amply demonstrated its practicability. By its means the drudgery attendant upon the first period of the child's musical studies was entirely eliminated. Work became play; rapid progress was made in ear training, in accuracy in determining intervals, and in technic. In class work the color method was a fascinating process, the children vying with each other in eager endeavor. The method could be adopted by the mother in the nursery for the instruction of her own children; any private student could use it with a small group of children belonging to the families of friends and neighbors as an amateur instructor, and the professional music and public school teacher could apply it to their regular classes.The part played by color was easily grasped. Tonic, Dominant and Third were the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow, respectively; the second was Orange (red plus yellow); and the fourth was Green (blue plus yellow), the Octave light red; the sixth Violet (blue and light red), and the seventh Pink (violet and light red). Instead of these technical names for the scale degrees, the Tonic Sol-fa names doh, ray, me, fah, soh, lah, te, were used, and the colors were supposed to be brought down from Rainbow Land by beautiful, bright-hued birds with sweet, soft voices that sound the several tones. The Doh-bird came down first, then the Soh-bird, and so on. The children placed the tacks corresponding in color to the several birds on the appropriate "perches" (lines or spaces); they were taught to sing the tones in perfect tune and to point out the proper "nest" (piano-key) for each bird. All this was in the spirit of happy play and innocent rivalry. Personal life
On July 19, 1888, <mask> McKinney married Rev.Albert Stinson <mask> (1856-1930) and they had two children: Albert S<mask> Jr. and <mask>. She died in 1929 and is buried at Fort Hill Cemetery, Auburn, with her husband. References

1857 births
1929 deaths
People from St. Louis
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