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<mask> (born 29 June 1993) is an English street dancer, television presenter, singer, and actor. He won the second series of Britain's Got Talent on 31 May 2008 at the age of 14. He is an official ambassador of the United Dance Organisation. Career

Britain's Got Talent

2007 series
In 2007, dance teacher Dominic Chambers told <mask> that there were auditions in the area that would be right up his alley. He discovered he'd be auditioning for the first series of Britain's Got Talent only when he arrived. In his audition, he danced to "Drop" (Timbaland featuring Magoo & Fatman Scoop), receiving a yes vote from all three judges. However, despite Simon Cowell's enthusiasm, he was unable to convince the other two judges, Amanda Holden and Piers Morgan, to let <mask> proceed to the live semi-finals.This experience made <mask> determined to re-audition the following year and prove Holden and Morgan wrong. In the intervening time, he continued dancing on the streets of Manchester to improve his technique, and to raise money for his family. 2008 series
In 2008, <mask> successfully got through the first round of Britain's Got Talent series 2 auditions by dancing to "Rock This Party (Everybody Dance Now)". He then came top in the audience's vote in his semi-final with his arrangement of Mint Royale's big beat remix of "Singin' in the Rain", complete with an artificial rain machine on-stage, a formula that had previously been produced in a television advertisement for the Volkswagen Golf GTI. He subsequently won the audience's vote in the final, beating dance duo Signature (second place) and Andrew Johnston (third place). He broke into tears when his win was announced. <mask> was due to perform a different routine for the final, to a track by the Bee Gees, which he described as involving "a lot of movement without me actually doing anything".An hour before the final started he changed his mind and, after consulting Simon Cowell, opted to re-perform his winning act from the semi-final. The Mint Royale version of "Singin' in the Rain" went to number 1 in the UK on download sales alone in the week following <mask>'s performance and Cowell's label Syco had several requests for a video. In an interview the day after the final, <mask> told of his return to normality the Monday after the event. After Britain's Got Talent
On 20 July 2008, <mask> was a guest on stage at the T4 on the Beach music festival at Weston-super-Mare beach teaching presenters Steve Jones and Rick Edwards how to dance. On 4 August 2008, <mask> made his stage debut in the West End hip-hop musical Into the Hoods. With some exceptions, he appeared in the show until it closed on 30 August. Of his new role, he said: "This year is getting better and better - Into the Hoods show is funky and young and I love the music in it – I can't wait to get dancing on that stage!"Into the Hoods played at the Novello Theatre in London and features music from popular artists such as Gorillaz, Massive Attack, Basement Jaxx and many more. <mask> appeared as one of the lost boys. On 18 November 2008, it was announced that Cowell's record company and Bebo would work together to make an online television show called Follow My Lead, which would include some dance move tutorials by <mask>, but also a behind-the-scenes view of events and rehearsals. They previously worked together to create a similar show with Leon Jackson. Simon Cowell initially planned to release only dance videos, but he wanted to do more. He asked the agent of Take That if he could get <mask> to sing, but it turned out he already liked to sing from a young age. His debut double a-side single entitled "Get Up on the Dance Floor/Headz Up" was released on 24 November 2008, with the proceeds going to Great Ormond Street Hospital.After an early fault that meant the single couldn't be downloaded from iTunes for two days, the single finally debuted at number 30 in the UK Singles Chart and remained listed for 4 weeks. The single's position in the charts gradually lowered during that time. On 1 December 2008, his dance DVD Access 2 All Areas was released. The one-hour DVD contains a documentary about his rise to stardom, four music videos in which <mask> sings as well as dances, and a behind-the-scenes look at those videos, dance tutorials and a set of photographs. On 23 January 2009, <mask> helped to promote the new Nokia 5800 phone in London's Regent Street. He handed over the first Nokia 5800 sold and performed a live dance routine to "Pump Up The Jam" by Technotronic which he choreographed to go with a touch-sensitive dance floor. On 29 January, he launched the game Battle Strikers at Toy Fair 09.He also designed a plate for Blue Peter's Mission Nutrition appeal. On 7 and 14 March, he hosted a 'Street Dance Weekend' at the Alton Towers Resort as part of their new family-themed weekends, alongside street crew Flava. Fans could attend workshops to learn one of his routines and dance alongside him. On 28 May, <mask> was the guest star at the third Britain's Got Talent semi-final and performed before the results were announced. He also was a guest star in Britain's Got Talent: the Live Tour 2009 and he said that Nottingham was his favourite on 20 June 2009. On 26 June 2009, <mask> became a Patron of Dance Aid organised by the UK registered charity Hope and Homes for Children. He danced before the Rugby league match between Crusaders and Salford City Reds at Brewery Field on Saturday 11 July from around 5pm.The kick-off for the match was at 6pm. He also danced at half-time. He was also scheduled to make an appearance in Legoland Windsor on 18 July as part of "Legoland Live." In September 2009, <mask> and Cowell reached an amicable agreement to cease their professional relationship. Also in September, he starred in the first all-British 3D feature film StreetDance 3D (alongside dance groups Diversity and Flawless), in which he plays a character called Eddie, released May 2010. On 16 November, <mask> was featured in the CBBC Newsround special Whose Side Are You On? as part of the BBC's anti-bullying campaign.He spoke about how he was bullied when he was younger. Other stars who appeared in the programme were Joe Calzaghe, Aston Merrygold, Patsy Palmer and Gemma Hunt. On 5 June 2010, he appeared on Star King, a South Korean television show which features a variety of talented performers. In January 2019, he appeared on the fourth series of Celebrity Coach Trip alongside Roxanne Pallett. In September 2019, <mask> returned to Britain's Got Talent as a contestant in Britain's Got Talent: The Champions. He participated in the 4th semi final but did not receive enough votes to progress to the final. Acting career

Appears in Series 3 Episode 14 of Waterloo Road

On 2 February 2011, <mask> joined the cast of the BBC drama series Waterloo Road.His character, a 17-year-old student named Kyle Stack, first appeared in the second half of the sixth series in February 2011. In 2012 he joined the cast of Mount Pleasant in its second series. He also starred in the feature film StreetDance 2 as Eddie. He has also appeared in Friday Download (series 3, episode 1). <mask> appeared in the Pantomime Peter Pan, as the lead role of Peter Pan, performed in Derby from 5 December until 6 January. In 2013 <mask> returned to Waterloo Road as now 19-year-old Kyle Stack in episode 30. Kyle was last seen when character Simon Lowsley took him away from the roof he was about to jump from, so it was unknown what had happened to Kyle.He had a minor role in a 28th-season episode of the TV series Casualty. He danced in the documentary The Nation's Favourite Dance Moment, a television film which aired in June. <mask> also starred in a pantomime, as Jack, in Jack and the Beanstalk at The Playhouse Theatre in Weston-super-Mare. <mask> continued his television career by acting in Season 2, Episode 5 of The Dumping Ground on CBBC in 2014. He acted again in season four of Mount Pleasant but later left the role. He joined the cast of Emmerdale in January 2016 and made his on screen debut the following month, when he played a character named Ryan who became involved in Aaron Livesy (Danny Miller)'s child sex abuse storyline. <mask> appeared as the character Reecey in the 2018 tour of Our House (musical).He is currently playing the role of Dean in Everybody's Talking About Jamie. Works

Singles

Television

DVDs

Filmography

Personal life
<mask> suffers from a condition called Scheuermann's disease, which affects developing bones in children and teenagers and can cause an abnormal curvature of the spine. "There's no way I'd ever give up dancing. Nothing would stop me," he told the paper. However, since the revelation <mask> said "It's not that bad." and claims that his doctor has said he's allowed to dance. A fan of the game RuneScape, <mask> was invited to Jagex to record a dance emote for the game.Awards and prizes
<mask> won the under-16 category in the United Dance Organisation's 2007 World Street Dance championships. Following his win of Britain's Got Talent, he returned to the 2008 championships at the Blackpool Winter Gardens to give a performance together with his dance group A2AA (Access 2 All Areas) and to accept an award for his contributions to raising the profile of street dance from UDO chairman Simon Dibley. In the summer of 2008 he was one of 11 celebrities to receive an honorary scout badge to celebrate the 101st birthday of the Scouting Movement. He received an award for 'Favourite Winner' at the 2008 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards where he performed his signature dance Singin' in the Rain. References

External links
 ITV's official Britain's Got Talent website

1993 births
Living people
Britain's Got Talent contestants
Got Talent winners
British male dancers
British breakdancers
British hip hop dancers
English male television actors
People from Warrington
21st-century British dancers
21st-century British male actors

masks:
George William Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
George Sampson
George Sampson
Sampson
George Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
George
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson
Sampson


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<mask> (born 27 June 1963) is a retired Scottish politician and the former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for Paisley North. She held various Scottish Government cabinet posts and was the Leader of the Labour Party in Scotland from 2007 to 2008. In 2010–2011 she convened the Scotland Bill Committee on financial powers of the Scottish Parliament. After leaving politics, she was appointed Associate Dean of Global Business and Associate Dean for Degree Programmes and Career Services at the London Business School, and in April 2015 was appointed as Vice-Principal (International) by the University of Dundee. In March 2016 she was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh for her work for the university sector. Early life and education

<mask> was born on 27 June 1963 in Glasgow to Dr Joyce O<mask> and Reverend Douglas N<mask>. <mask> attended Park Mains High School in Erskine and won a scholarship to Lester B. Pearson United World College of the Pacific in British Columbia before studying at the University of Glasgow, where she graduated with a First Class MA (Hons) in Economic and Modern History.She later gained a postgraduate MA in Industrial Relations from the University of Warwick, and an MBA from INSEAD. She was awarded an honorary degree from Strathclyde University in 2007. Early career
After her MBA <mask> worked for Booz & Co., an international management consultancy, undertaking assignments in Europe, Asia, North America and Australasia. Adviser to Donald Dewar
Following Labour's landslide victory at the 1997 general election, <mask> was appointed Special Adviser to Donald Dewar when he became Secretary of State for Scotland. She was deeply involved in the preparation of the White Paper on devolution, the Scotland Act 1998 and preparations for the establishment of the Scottish Parliament, all matters she had published on during the 1990s. Member of Scottish Parliament
<mask> served as a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) from its creation in 1999 until 2011. Ministerial career
From 1999 to 2002 <mask> was a Scottish Government minister, first serving as Minister for Communities, then as Minister for Enterprise and Lifelong Learning, and subsequently as Minister for Enterprise, Transport and Lifelong Learning.As Communities Minister she launched the free central heating installation programme for all pensioners without a system. She oversaw the creation of the first social justice report, "A Scotland where everyone matters – our vision for Social Justice", setting ambitious new targets for delivering social justice and defeating child poverty in Scotland, and an Annual Scottish Social Justice Report to measure progress towards those targets. She set up the Homelessness Task Force, which led to radical homelessness legislation and she championed the community ownership of housing by tenants including the removal of £1.6bn of Glasgow debt. The tenants subsequently voted in a referendum 2:1 in favour of transfer – the largest of its kind in the UK, involving 89,000 homes. As Communities Minister, <mask> fought hard to bring about the repeal of Section 28 to contribute to social acceptance and greater equality for the LGBT community by removing a ban on the promotion of homosexuality by local authorities. in the face of a sustained campaign by Stagecoach millionaire and later SNP donor Brian Souter to keep the legislation. In the end the repeal, contained in the  ethical Standards in Public Life (Scotland) Bill was passed by 99 votes to 17.During the final debate, <mask> said, "Repeal is not, and never has been, about the promotion of homosexuality in our schools. It is not about political correctness or, even less, about marriage. It is about building a tolerant Scotland. We know that teachers are confused about the meaning of section 2A, we know that bullying exists in our schools and elsewhere, and we know that children's organisations overwhelmingly back repeal." <mask> oversaw the Scottish Executive's response to the recommendations of the McIntosh Commission into the future of local government in Scotland, introducing a package of measures for local government including giving local authorities the lead role in developing Community Planning, creating a formal Power of Community Initiative (later known as a power of well-being) and establishing the Renewing Local Democracy (Kerley) Working Party on electoral systems. Building on the work of the Best Value Taskforce, she also announced plans for a statutory duty to secure Best Value in local government services. She also published the first Equality Statement to Parliament, established the Executive's Equalities Unit, announced the first Scottish-wide fund to tackle violence against women – the Domestic Abuse Service Development Fund – and the first national loan fund, administered by a new organisation – Social Investment Scotland – to invest in emerging social enterprises and "make it easier for the voluntary sector to emerge as an effective third force, alongside the traditional public and private sectors".As Enterprise Minister <mask> launched Smart, Successful Scotland, a widely welcomed new economic strategy for Scotland supporting high-skill, high-value investment such as that by Rolls-Royce. She launched Scotland's first ever Science strategy and developed a better pipeline to get ideas out of labs and into businesses, including the Proof of Concept Fund and the Scottish Co-Investment Fund to stimulate private venture capital investment in emerging businesses. She also championed the first broadband strategy for Scotland and took action to tackle the 'digital divide'. <mask> promoted a "learning, earning" nation including the doubling of the number of Modern Apprenticeships, jointly leading the Clyde Shipyards Taskforce to help modernise shipbuilding on the Clyde through investment in skills, and in the face of the global downturn in electronics hitting companies such as Motorola launched what became the PACE (Partnership for Continuing Employment) initiative to help those made redundant find work quickly. As Minister with responsibility for skills and lifelong learning she promoted higher education enterprise links and championed research, modernising management and widening access to universities by those previously excluded. She also extended Educational Maintenance Allowances to support pupils from low income families to complete their schooling. <mask> launched a new international economic strategy for Scotland called Global Connections realigning Scotland's international economic effort with the Smart Successful Scotland strategy, bringing together Scotland's previously separate inward investment and export agencies into one organisation, Scotland Development International and created the Globalscot network to develop and expand Scotland's standing in the global business community.<mask> resigned from ministerial office on 4 May 2002. After her resignation from Jack McConnell's Cabinet she became a visiting professor at the Strathclyde Business School and became a member, and subsequently Chair of the Scottish Parliament's Finance Committee. She inspired and led the Allander Series of seminars which had the aim of encouraging fresh thinking on Scotland's economic future. The seminars brought William Baumol, Ed Glaeser and Nobel laureates James Heckman and Paul Krugman from across the spectrum of political economy to Scotland to reflect on issues such as the returns to early intervention, supporting innovation and cities as future growth engines. She also authored Chasing the Tartan Tiger: Lessons from a Celtic Cousin? (2003), co-edited (with Diane Coyle and Brian Ashcroft) New Wealth for Old Nations: Scotland’s Economic Prospects (2005), edited an anthology of essays on the life of the late First Minister, Donald Dewar: Scotland's first First Minister (2005) and wrote a non-political column for young mums in the Daily Record. Leader of the Labour Party in Scotland

Election
Following the Scottish Parliament elections in May 2007, <mask> became Shadow Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Sustainable Growth.Following Jack McConnell's resignation in August 2007, she announced her candidacy for Leader of the Labour Party in Scotland. <mask> laid out her vision to "Renew the party organisation, reform the policies, and reconnect the Labour Party in Scotland with its electorate". Other contenders ruled themselves out and she was elected unopposed by Labour MSPs on 14 September 2007. As the leader of the Labour Party in Scotland, <mask> believed that "the people of Scotland told us loud and clear they wanted change. They didn't whisper – they shouted it. So change we must!" She argued that Labour must offer radical change to regain the trust of voters, a vision spelt out in Scottish Labour New Directions: Change is what we do, a publication outlining her views on the future policy direction for the Labour Party in Scotland.Addressing Labour's Scottish Conference as Leader she spoke of the need for Labour to be the progressive party of Scotland. <mask> argued: "'Scotland' is not a political philosophy. 'Scotland' can just as easily be Adam Smith as it can be John Smith. The world over, politics comes down to a choice: right versus left, conservatives versus progressives, nationalists versus internationalists". Organisationally, she called for a new approach to candidate selection, including primary systems to give all Labour supporters a chance to be involved in choosing their local member. Policy initiatives included establishing a Literacy Commission with Rhona Brankin to investigate child literacy standards in Scottish schools (subsequently embraced by all parties in the Parliament), supporting investment in the early years, including nursery places for all vulnerable 2-year-olds, more one-on-one tuition in schools, personalised care plans for those with chronic conditions and legislation providing for a modern apprenticeship for every qualified school leaver who sought one. Calman Commission

<mask> made a speech at the University of Edinburgh on St Andrew's Day 2007 in which she set out the case for a wide-ranging review of the devolution settlement, with a view to identifying possible areas for reform.The speech laid out her proposals for "a more balanced home rule package" including greater financial accountability and new tax powers for the Scottish Parliament (a cause that she had first championed when she led the Allander Series) in order that the "Union become a more comfortable home for all its members". She said "Scotland wants to see a future that allows her to walk taller within the UK without walking out" and called for a new "expert-led and independent" Scottish constitutional commission. As the leader of the Labour Party in Scotland, she set this in motion by working with the Conservative and Liberal Democrat leaders to set up the Commission on Scottish Devolution (aka the Calman Commission) in a "bold cross-party, cross-border initiative". The review was established by a vote of the Scottish Parliament. The Calman Commission became a unique Scottish Parliament-UK Government joint venture which reported back to the Parliament in June 2009 proposing wide-ranging changes in the financing of the Scottish Parliament. <mask> wrote then "history teaches that constitutional reform has never been gifted to Scotland. It has to be fought and argued for... Calman will shape the next phase of Scotland's journey…[with] a range of common sense measures to improve relationships".On St. Andrew's Day 2010, three years to the day after <mask>'s call for a Commission, the UK Government introduced a new Scotland Bill. The proposals in the bill closely followed the commission's recommendations and proposed major new financial powers worth £12 billion, giving Holyrood control of a third of its budget. Under the legislation, Holyrood will set a Scottish income tax rate each year from 2015, applying equally to the basic, high and additional rates. The UK Government called it the "biggest transfer of fiscal powers to Scotland since the creation of the Union." In December 2010 <mask> was appointed convener of the Scottish Parliament's Committee to report on the bill. Scottish independence referendum

During a TV interview on 4 May 2008, <mask> suggested that she would be willing to support a referendum on Scottish Independence saying "Bring it on!". It was a bold move, but led to suggestions of a rift between her and the Prime Minister, who did not overtly back her.On 7 May, at Prime Minister's Questions, Prime Minister, Gordon Brown stated that she was not, in fact, offering Labour's support for an immediate referendum. During First Minister's Questions in the Scottish Parliament, on 8 May, <mask> asked Alex Salmond to bring forward a referendum bill at the first opportunity. Alex Salmond declined the offer of Labour support for a referendum, preferring to delay by at least a further year, saying "We will stick to what was laid out in pages 8 and 15 of the SNP manifesto". Resignation over foreign donation

In 2007, a controversy developed after it emerged that <mask>'s campaign team had accepted a £950 impermissible donation from Paul Green, a property magnate, a matter that was investigated by the Electoral Commission and Strathclyde Police. When it emerged that the donation of £950 had come from a personal account, and not a business account, the money was immediately forfeited. Further newspaper reports on 30 November indicated <mask> was aware of the identity of the donor, after having sent a personal letter of gratitude to Mr Green (at his home in Jersey) concerning the donation. As Mr Green was not registered as an elector in the United Kingdom this barred him from donating to a UK-based party.However, the Electoral Commission concluded in February 2008 that <mask> had taken 'significant steps' to comply with funding regulations and decided there was no basis for further action. As part of the Electoral Commission ruling, they also stated that <mask> "did not take all reasonable steps" and that "there is not sufficient evidence to establish that an offence has been committed". These mixed messages have resulted in a number of people questioning the decision, including Alex Salmond the head of the Scottish Government who likened the result to a not proven verdict. In a separate development, a few days earlier in February 2008, the Scottish Parliament standards watchdog reported <mask> to the procurator fiscal for failing to declare as gifts the donations that were made to the fund for her campaign for the leadership of the Labour Party in Scotland. <mask> had been told by the parliamentary authorities that there was no need to declare these donations as gifts. In previous leadership campaigns, campaign donations were not treated as gifts. Again the subsequent investigation led to a decision by the Crown Office to take no further action.Despite this ruling, on 26 June 2008, on the eve of the Parliamentary summer recess, the SNP-led Standards Committee of the Parliament voted 4 to 3 to propose a one-day ban from the Scottish Parliament as a sanction for not declaring leadership campaign donations as gifts on the Parliament's register of interests. The proposed ban was overwhelmingly rejected by the Parliament in a subsequent vote in September 2008. However, with Holyrood going into summer recess at the time, <mask> would have had to wait until September for all MSPs to vote on the recommendation. So, rather than having the issue hanging over her – and her party – <mask> announced her resignation as leader on 28 June 2008. She subsequently stated it had been a mistake for her to take on the leadership of the Labour Party in Scotland while her children were so young. Parliamentary career
From 2008 to 2011 <mask> served as a member of the Scottish Parliament's Economy, Energy and Tourism Committee. She was also convenor of the Scotland Bill Committee, which produced the report for the Scottish Parliament and UK Government in March 2011 proposing new powers for the Scottish Parliament.Many of these proposals recommend greater fiscal autonomy for Scotland, including improved borrowing powers, the ability to issue bonds and further tax devolution. Despite the Scottish Government's initial opposition to the bill they supported the Scotland Bill Committee's recommendations, with parliament voting 121:3 in favour. In her valedictory speech on the Scotland Bill, <mask> said: "This initiative has from beginning to end been cross-party, consensual and co-operative among the participating parties. [...] The bill will deliver the most far-reaching transfer of financial powers from London since the creation of the union. [...] In the future, all Scottish political parties will have to make decisions about raising money as well as about spending it. [...] The bill serves Scotland better [...] It is, quite simply, in the national interest." She stood down from Parliament in May 2011 to seek a new life outside active politics.<mask> also serves as a member of the Social Market Foundation's Advisory Board and Reform Scotland's Political Advisory Board. Personal life and family
<mask> is married to Professor Elizabeth Ashcroft and has fraternal twin children. <mask>'s brother is the former Labour politician Douglas. See also
 List of Scottish Executive Ministerial Teams
 Scotland Bill 2010-11

References

External links

<mask> MSP

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1963 births
Living people
Labour MSPs
Leaders of Scottish Labour
Scottish columnists
Scottish special advisers
Labour Party (UK) officials
British consultants
Politicians from Glasgow
Academics of the University of Strathclyde
People educated at a United World College
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Warwick
INSEAD alumni
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011
People educated at Park Mains High School
People associated with the University of Dundee
Ministers of the Scottish Government
Women members of the Scottish Government
20th-century Scottish women politicians
Women columnists

masks:
Wendy Alexander
Alexander
. Alexander
. Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Wendy Alexander
Wendy Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
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Wendy Alexander
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Wendy Alexander
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Wendy Alexander


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<mask> (born 3 August 1990) is a British model. She was discovered in Hammersmith Primark in 2006 and signed to The Squad Management in London. She began appearing on international runways in early 2007. In February 2008, she was the first black model to walk a Prada runway in over a decade. In April 2014, it was announced that <mask> was signed as the new face of Maybelline New York. As of July 2014, she was declared an icon by models.com. <mask> is considered to be one of her generation's supermodels.Early life and discovery
<mask> <mask> was born in Brent, London, and grew up in nearby Greenford with her mother. She attended Elthorne Park High School in Hanwell. <mask> is of Jamaican, Grenadian, and Syrian-Lebanese descent. She admitted to being self-conscious as a teenager, due to her height and weight. She stated growing up, people would often tell her she should become a model, but she was apprehensive as she was not really sure what a model did. She commented that shows like America's Next Top Model intrigued her, as they gave her a new perspective of the job. In early 2006, at the age of 15, she was scouted by an agent from Storm Management, while accompanying a friend in a London Primark.Personal life
She has a son born in 2009 named Riley. On 1 February 2020, <mask> became engaged to rapper Dion Hamilton. Career
At the age of 16, <mask> made her runway debut in the New York shows in the autumn of 2007, walking in shows for Marc Jacobs and Polo Ralph Lauren, among others. Soon after, she quickly rose to prominence within the industry. In 2007, she was featured on British Vogue as a "new star," and in 2008 Style.com listed her as one of the top 10 newcomers. She also walked 75 shows during the spring/summer 2008 season, including Louis Vuitton and Valentino. <mask> has since become a major fixture on runways, having walked for the industry's biggest designers.She was often distinguished for being the only black model in shows, for which she later condemned designers. She has garnered attention for her legs and for her walk which she says she practises frequently with very tall heels, walking over 60 shows during the spring 2009 season. In July 2008, Steven Meisel selected <mask> to appear on the cover of the Vogue Italia issue devoted entirely to black models. She featured as a 'Face of the Moment' in May 2009's US Vogue. She has also been featured on the cover of American Vogue, British Vogue, Vogue Turkey, Vogue Japan, Vogue Brazil and Teen Vogue, Miss Vogue, Vogue Girl Korea, W Magazine, Glamour Magazine UK, Elle (France, UK, South Africa, Japan, Brazil), Wonderland, Manifesto,  Fashion Magazine Canada, Madame Figaro, Pop, Russh, Muse, The Sunday Times Style, Ponystep, Antidote, Luella, and covering i-D magazine eight times. She has been in campaigns for Ann Taylor, Burberry, Balmain, Calvin Klein, Yves Saint Laurent, DKNY, Michael Kors, John Galliano, Victoria's Secret, Tommy Hilfiger, Topshop, Kate Spade, Express, Jaeger, Rag & Bone, Gap, Aldo, Shiatzy Chen, Benetton, H&M, Banana Republic, Zalando, Free People, Selfridges, Neiman Marcus, Pepe Jeans, Liu Jo and Saks Fifth Avenue, and was the face of Rihanna's collections for River Island. She has appeared in editorials for the American, Italian, French, British, Russian, Spanish, Turkish, Japanese, Brazilian editions of Vogue, Elle, i-D, Dazed & Confused, W, Pop, Centrefold and V, among others.In Teen Vogues November 2009 issue where she appeared alongside Chanel Iman, she discussed her and Chanel's previous competitive relationship, as well as the challenges they faced being black models in the fashion world. The issue sparked controversy as <mask>; who was 18 at the time, announced her pregnancy. Teen Vogue faced backlash from the media, who accused them of glorifying teenage pregnancy. She continued to model until she was six months pregnant and couldn't fit into any of the clothes, notably walking the catwalk for the Spring 2010 Jean Paul Gaultier show, with a baby bump. At the age of 19, ten weeks after giving birth, <mask> returned to the runway at London Fashion Week for the Winter 2010 season. For returning to work so quickly, she said her motivation was her son:

More than anything, having a son has made me realise I have to make shit work: I'm his voice, I'm his lifeline, I have to be driven. I think he pushed me in the right direction.I've always been ambitious, but now I have more focus. I'm more hardworking. During the 2012 Summer Olympics closing ceremony, <mask> was one of the British models wearing bespoke fashions created by British designers specifically for the event. The other models were Naomi Campbell, Kate Moss, David Gandy, Karen Elson, Lily Donaldson, Lily Cole, Georgia May Jagger and Stella Tennant. She wore a gold and white gown by Jonathan Saunders with feathered headdress by Stephen Jones. She also made her Victoria's Secret Fashion Show debut for the 2012 show. In March 2013, <mask> appeared as the cover story in Net-a-Porter's "The Edit."In it she spoke of encountering discrimination telling the magazine that casting agents would say clients "didn't want any more black girls". In July 2013, she received media attention for tweeting that she had been cancelled from a Dior haute couture show, "for her boobs"; rather than her skin colour – which she noted, "usually happens". In April 2014, it was announced that Maybelline New York had signed her to join the brand. Her first role for the cosmetic company will be fronting the brand's Go Extreme Mascara, accompanied with print and television ads. Forbes listed <mask> in their 2014 top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $US4 million in one year. She appeared on the 2015 list having earned $US3.5million. She is pictured in the September 2015 issue of Vogue modelling a J. Mendel fox fur boa.<mask> signed a deal with British multinational retailer Marks & Spencer to design a kidswear clothing collection. The collection; called "Lil' LonDunn by <mask> <mask>", debuted in April 2016. A collaboration between Jourdan and British fashion retailer Missguided was launched in April 2017, featuring athletic wear. Revenue for the company increased by 75%, with international sales increasing by 130%, whilst the campaign with <mask> was active. She appeared in a music video for Nicki Minaj entitled "Regret In Your Tears", directed by Mert and Marcus in May 2017. Accolades
In February 2008, <mask> became the first Black model to walk in a Prada fashion show during the 21st Century. In November 2008, <mask> was named "Model of the Year" at the British Fashion Awards.In November 2013, she won "Model of the Year" at the Harper's Bazaar Women of the Year Awards. As of July 2014, she was declared an icon by models.com after appearing on their "Top 50 Models Women" list for seven consecutive years. As of May 2015, models.com declared her a "New Super", a selection of models who are recognised as modern day supermodels; having transcended the fashion industry and established themselves as brands and celebrities. She won the "Inspiration Award" at the Glamour Women of the Year Awards 2015, for her philanthropic work raising awareness for Sickle-cell disease and her consistent activism for diversity within the modeling industry. In November 2015, she won "Model of the Year" at the British Fashion Awards, for the second time. In 2014, Forbes listed <mask> in their top-earning models list, estimated to have earned $US4 million in one year. She was the first Black British model to make the list.She appeared on the February cover of British Vogue in 2015, becoming the first solo Black model to grace the cover in 12 years. Media and appearances
<mask> appeared in the music videos for "Yoncé" and "XO" from Beyoncé's fifth self-titled studio album which is widely described as a "visual album" due to every song being accompanied by a music video. The videos were shot in Brooklyn and Coney Island, New York, respectively. The "Yoncé" video was directed by Ricky Saiz and features fellow models Joan Smalls and Chanel Iman. The video was inspired by the 1990 David Fincher video for "Freedom" by George Michael, which also featured models, such as Naomi Campbell. The "XO" video was directed by Terry Richardson and features <mask> alongside Jessica White and Diandra Forres. <mask> currently hosts a cooking show entitled <mask>, on Jay Z's Life+Times YouTube channel.The web show has featured celebrity guest co-chefs, such as 2 Chainz, Wale, Karlie Kloss, Chanel Iman, Cara Delevingne and Joan Smalls. She was a guest on The Jonathan Ross Show in March 2013 and later again in 2019, to discuss her career. She appeared in the 2012, 2013 and 2014 Victoria's Secret Fashion Show. Awards and nominations

Filmography

Films

Television

Music video appearances

References

External links

Style.com Photos of <mask> <mask>
Harper's Bazaar interview with <mask> <mask>

1990 births
Living people
English female models
Black British fashion people
English people of Grenadian descent
English people of Jamaican descent
English people of Syrian descent
English people of Lebanese descent

masks:
Jourdan Sherise Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Jourdan
Dunn
Jourdan
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
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Dunn
Dunn
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Well Dunn
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texts:
Charles Wilber "<mask>" <mask>, also known as "<mask>" (July 28, 1893 – March 4, 1967), was an American pitcher, outfielder, and manager for the Kansas City Monarchs in the Negro baseball leagues from 1920 to 1938. Renowned as a two-way player who could both hit and pitch successfully, one statistical compilation shows <mask> winning more games than any other pitcher in Negro leagues history and ranking fourth highest in career batting average. He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in  1998. <mask>'s early baseball career took place in the U.S. Army, where he played for a famous team in the all-black 25th Infantry. After joining the Kansas City Monarchs, he was the top pitcher and one of the best hitters on a team that won three pennants from 1923 to 1925 and the 1924 Colored World Series. He became a playing manager in 1926 and led his team to another league title in 1929. "Charleston was everything—but Rogan was more", said William "Big C" Johnson, one of <mask>'s Army teammates."<mask> could do everything, everywhere." "He was the onliest pitcher I ever saw, I ever heard of in my life, was pitching and hitting in the cleanup place", said Satchel Paige. According to <mask>'s longtime catcher Frank Duncan, "If you had to choose between <mask> and Paige, you'd pick <mask>, because he could hit. The pitching, you'd as soon have Satchel as <mask>, understand? But <mask>'s hitting was so terrific. Get my point?" Casey Stengel called <mask> "one of the best—if not the best—pitcher that ever lived."Early life
Wilber <mask> was born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. After the death of his mother and his father's remarriage in 1908, he moved with his family to Kansas City, Kansas where he attended Sumner High School. He began his baseball career there in 1911 as a catcher with Fred Palace's Colts, a semipro team composed mostly of teenagers. Also joining the Colts that season was Dick Whitworth, who would, like <mask>, go on to pitch for many years in the Negro leagues. Friction with his stepmother and unhappiness with the segregated high school he attended led <mask> to drop out of school before graduation and enlist in the Army on October 19, 1911. He lied about his age to do so. This would cause later confusion about <mask>'s age, as some records (along with his Hall of Fame plaque) give his birth year as 1889, others as 1893; recent histories, such as Phil Dixon's, conclude that the latter date is correct.U.S. Army and the 25th Infantry Wreckers
<mask> served in the Philippines during American colonization with the 24th Infantry Regiment , an all-black regiment, for three years. He was honorably discharged in 1914. Before returning to the United States, <mask> reenlisted, this time with the 25th Infantry, another African American unit, at that time stationed at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii. He was specifically recruited to play for the regiment's famous baseball team, known as the "Wreckers." He made his debut with the Wreckers on July 4, 1915. His Army teammates included a number of later Negro league stars, such as Dobie Moore, Heavy Johnson, Bob Fagan, Lemuel Hawkins, and William "Big C" Johnson. Over the next three seasons, the Wreckers won the Post League championship, the United States Army Series, and the Oahu League.In February 1917 <mask> twice defeated the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, who were visiting the islands for spring training. On furlough for several months in 1917, <mask> played professionally for the Los Angeles White Sox, the Kansas City, Kansas, Giants, and J. L. Wilkinson's All Nations Club, but returned to the army for three more years. In August 1918 <mask> and the rest of the 25th Infantry were moved to Camp Stephen D. Little in Nogales, Arizona. Researchers John Holway and James Riley report that in 1919, Casey Stengel played against <mask> in Arizona, and subsequently recommended him to Wilkinson for his new Negro National League team, the Kansas City Monarchs. However, <mask> had already played in the California Winter League and for Wilkinson's All-Nations team in 1917, and had already been noted by African American newspapers as early as 1916. Professional career

In July 1920, <mask> and Dobie Moore joined the Monarchs. <mask> quickly became the premier pitcher and biggest box-office draw in the young league.By his third season with the Monarchs, 1922, he hit .390, and his 13 home runs were good for second in the league. On August 6, 1923, <mask> combined with teammate and manager José Méndez to pitch a no-hitter against the Milwaukee Bears, Méndez pitching the first five innings and <mask> the last four. That season he hit .364 with a league-leading 16 wins and 151 strikeouts to lead the Monarchs to their first pennant. In 1924 <mask> hit .395 while compiling an 18–6 record and leading the Monarchs to their second league title. He starred in the first Black World Series, leading the Monarchs with 13 hits and winning two games as Kansas City defeated the Eastern Colored League champion Hilldales. That winter he led the 1924/25 Cuban League with nine victories for the champion Almendares club. <mask> may have reached his peak in 1925, leading Kansas City to its third straight league championship with a 17–2 record and a .381 batting average.In the playoffs against the St. Louis Stars he hit .450 and won three more games, including one shutout. However, before the World Series rematch with Hilldale, <mask> suffered a knee injury while playing with his young son. Forced to undergo surgery, he missed the series. Without their star, the Monarchs were defeated in six games. The following season, <mask> took over from José Méndez as manager of the Kansas City Monarchs. In that season's NNL playoffs against the Chicago American Giants, he pitched and lost both games of a series-deciding doubleheader to the younger Bill Foster. As late as 1928 at the age of 34, <mask> <mask> was the best hitter (.358) and arguably the best pitcher (10–2) on the Monarchs.That year he slammed three home runs in a game against the Detroit Stars. <mask> continued at the Monarchs' helm in 1929 when they won their fourth NNL championship and recorded the best record (62–17) in the history of the league. On April 29, 1930, in Enid, Oklahoma, <mask> played for the Monarchs in baseball's first night game. In August he was hospitalized with an undisclosed illness. He remained out of the lineup for more than a year, finally returning on September 28, 1931. When Wilkinson did not organize a Kansas City Monarchs team for 1932, <mask> joined a white independent team in Jamestown, North Dakota, where he played until August. He batted .315 and went 20–3 as a pitcher before returning to the reorganized Monarchs in September.In the winter of 1933 and 1934, <mask> returned to Hawaii and the Philippines as a member of the Philadelphia Royal Giants, a black all-star team. The Royal Giants toured Japan and China as well. In 1936, at the age of 43, <mask> appeared in the East-West All-Star Game. <mask> as player and manager
Relatively small (5 foot 7, 160 pounds (72.6 kg)), <mask> was solidly built and strong, with thin legs and a narrow waist but broad shoulders. He threw and batted right-handed, and used an unusually heavy bat. "You saw Ernie Banks hit in his prime, then you saw Rogan", said Buck O'Neil. "He could hit that ball...He was the type of guy that stood a long way from the plate.Not too close, because they'd jam you." According to his longtime teammate Frank Duncan, "<mask> was one of the best low-ball hitters I ever saw, and one of the best curve-ball hitters. <mask> taught Bob and Irish Meusel how to hit curve balls." While not extremely fast, he ran the bases well and stole when necessary. As a pitcher, <mask> used a no-windup delivery and both overhand and sidearm motions, and relied on an array of curveballs, a spitball, a palmball, a forkball, and the fastball that gave him his nickname. According to the sportswriter A.S. "Doc" Young, "<mask> possessed as much natural ability as Smokey Joe or Satch, but his control was not up to theirs." Frank Duncan, who caught both Paige and <mask>, said,
Satchel was easier to catch.He could throw it in a quart cup. But <mask> was all over the plate—high, low, inside, outside. He'd walk five-six men, but he didn't give up many runs. Bullet had a little more steam on the ball than Paige—and he had a better-breaking curve. The batters thought it was a fastball heading for them and they would jump back from the plate and all of a sudden, it would break sharply for a strike. I would rank him with today's best. I have never seen a pitcher like him, and I have caught some of the best pitchers in the business.Another Monarchs teammate, George Carr, said,
<mask> was the greatest pitcher that ever threw a ball. He had not only an arm to pitch with but a head to think with. <mask> was a smart pitcher with a wonderful memory. Once <mask> pitched to a batter, he never forgot that batter's weaknesses and strong points. And don't think <mask> was nicknamed "Bullet" for nothing. That guy had a ball that was almost too fast to catch. He would really burn 'em in there.As a manager, he was a strict disciplinarian, possibly a result of his military background. Carroll "Dink" Mothell maintained that "<mask> wanted to run the ball club like they did it in the army. He liked to give orders too much, even before he was managing. He used to bawl players out for different things. I could take it, but we had ball players, when he'd get on them, they'd go into a shell, resented it, and didn't give him their best." Another Monarchs pitcher, Chet Brewer, said that "<mask> wasn't the best manager because he was such a great ball player himself. He couldn't teach pitchers much, because he'd say, 'All you have to do is go out and throw the man what I threw'."According to historian Phil Dixon, "In <mask>'s first few years as manager he was reluctant to pinch-hit for many of the veterans on his roster because they were his friends." He did not trust younger players, often inserting himself to pitch or pinch-hit for them. He sometimes treated rookies harshly. Eventually <mask> "discarded his distant approach" and became increasingly known for teaching and developing less experienced players. Personal life
On October 22, 1922, Wilber <mask> married Kathrine McWilliams, a Colorado farm girl. Their son Wilber <mask>, Jr., was born right after the 1924 World Series. Between the 1923 and 1924 seasons, it was reported that <mask> spent the winter writing life insurance.After his retirement as a player, <mask> became an umpire in the Negro American League until 1946, then worked in the post office. He died in Kansas City, Missouri on March 4, 1967, at age 73. The Baseball Hall of Fame first admitted Negro league players in the 1970s, but did not honor <mask> until 1998, 31 years after his death. Career statistics

Negro leagues

California Winter League

Batting

Pitching

<mask> spent five seasons in the integrated California Winter League between 1920 and 1930 against teams of white major and minor leaguers. <mask>'s team won the championship every year. Cuban (Winter) League

Source:

Against all competition
Historian Phil Dixon puts <mask>'s lifetime totals against all competition, including semipro and Army teams, at more than 350 games won, 2000 strikeouts, 2500 hits, 350 home runs, and 500 stolen bases. Notes

References

External links

 and Baseball-Reference Black Baseball stats and Seamheads
BaseballLibrary – biography

1893 births
1967 deaths
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
Baseball players from Oklahoma
Negro league baseball managers
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
All Nations players
Kansas City Monarchs players
20th-century African-American sportspeople
United States Army personnel

masks:
Bullet
Rogan
Bullet Joe
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
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Bullet
Rogan
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Rogan
Rogan
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Rogan
Joe Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
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Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
Rogan
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Rogan
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texts:
<mask> (born Hatillo, Puerto Rico), more commonly known as <mask>, is an attorney and former Chief Operating Officer of the Hispanic National Bar Association (2006–2008). He is the founder and principal attorney of the Arocho Law Office. He is a member of the District of Columbia and U.S. Virgin Islands bars. He is also admitted to practice before the U.S. Court of International Trade, and U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Education

<mask> has degrees from Seton Hall University School of Law (Juris Doctor) and Rider College (now Rider University) (Bachelor of Science in Commerce in Business Administration). While in high school he took college courses at Mercer County Community College. As a freshman at Rider College, he was instrumental in resurrecting the La Tropicana Club, the predecessor to the Latin American Student Organization (LASO), and in transforming the club into a Latino/Hispanic student union organization.La Tropicana Club was founded as a social club at Rider College in the 1930s by Cuban and Puerto Rican students who named their club after a famous venue in Havana, Cuba. While serving as President of the La Tropicana Club, Latino students at Rider College began to serve as tutors for Latino students at Trenton High School. Also he was instrumental in increasing the recruitment and retention of Latino/Hispanic students. During his junior year, <mask> presented a proposal to the Rider College president and administration for a minor program in Hispanic/Latino studies. He also organized voter registration drives focusing primarily on registering poor citizens in Trenton, New Jersey. In his senior year, he unsuccessfully attempted to create a statewide association of Hispanic/Latino college organizations. [add citations] He was elected as Senator in the Rider College Student Government Association.While in law school he served as student attorney for the Essex-Newark Legal Services legal clinic program. Public service

<mask> v. Farrelly (a 1993 Territorial Court of the U.S. Virgin Islands decision), which set forth the medical standards that requires two EEG tests be performed within a 24-hour period to confirm the absence of brain activity and that neurological tests be performed by two neurologists. See, e.g., 28 V.I.90 (Territorial Court of the Virgin Islands, 1993). While a student at Rider College, he was appointed by the Mercer County Board of Freeholders to serve on the Mercer County Office of Training & Employment Services Advisory Board. On September 12, 2000, he was appointed by the Honorable Parris N. Glendening, Governor of the State of Maryland, to serve as a Commissioner on the Governor's Commission of Hispanic Affairs the remainder of a term of three years from January 1, 2000. He served as an officer in the Maryland state reserve of the Maryland Military Department that is called Maryland Defense Force. Nonprofit Sector

<mask>'s experience includes working with many nonprofit organizations as counsel, board member, and part of the management team. He served as Interim Executive Director of the Hispanic National Bar Association  from 2012-2013 and served as Executive Director from 2006-2008 . From 2008–2009, upon the request of Nilda I. Ruiz, President/C.E.O.of Asociacion Puertorriquenos en Marcha, Inc.(APM), he provided technical and managerial assistance to APM including serving as Special Assistance to the President, Interim Vice-President for Health and Human Services and as Interim Vice-President for Human Service programs. Earlier efforts included implementing membership objectives and advocacy efforts as a Vice-President at the National Community Reinvestment Coalition . He provided technical assistance to Hispanic community-based organizations and community development corporations around the nation while at the National Council of La Raza.. He served as the Pennsylvania Association of Latino Organizations, Inc.'s (PALO) first chief operating officer. <mask> has successfully raised funds for diverse causes from private sources, private foundations, individuals, and government grants. In addition, he has provided legal representation to migrant and seasonal farmworkers, the poorest group of working people in the United States. During his college years he served on the executive boards of the Puerto Rican Congress of New Jersey and Puerto Rican Action Committee of Mercer County.He began working with nonprofits while in high school (Summer 1975) where he created and supervised a Hispanic Needs Assessment Survey for the Hightstown-East Windsor Community Action Service Center. Native American/Amerindian/Indigenous Involvement

In the 1990s, <mask> served as an advisor to the Hon. Hilary Frederik who was the Chief of the Carib Territory of the Carib people (Kalinago) on the island of Dominica. He arranged several official visits and presentations by Chief Frederick to the mainland United States and U.S. Virgin Islands. Also <mask> has provided advise to several unrecognized and state recognized tribes in the United States. Philanthropy

<mask> donated his extensive Native American book collection to the Nanticoke Indian Museum & Library of the Nanticoke Indian Association in Delaware. In addition, in honor of his parents, <mask> made a generous gift of over one hundred philosophy, religious and theological books and material to the new library of Philadelphia's Esperanza College of Eastern University (United States).Archives

<mask>'s archives, materials and photographs are housed in the Puerto Rican Community Archives, New Jersey Hispanic and Research Information Center of the Newark Public Library. Publications

En rest af dansk ret bliver stadig brut pa de Dansk-vestindiske Oer/Vol 6 Juristen (1998)-Danish Economist & Lawyer Journal. The Danish National Archives web page on law in the Virgin Islands cited this article. Conciliation of Civil Disputes in the Territorial Court of the USVI: A Vestige of Danish Jurisprudence in the Caribbean-

Recognitions & Community Activities

Joint Legislative Resolution of NJ Senate and Legislature (July 1999) recognized <mask>'s contributions to farmworkers in New Jersey, Camden Regional Legal Services, and community. <mask> donated his extensive Native American book collection to the Nanticoke Indian Museum & Library of the Nanticoke Indian Tribe in Delaware. <mask> New HNBA Executive Director </ref

<mask>, Vice-President, National Community Reinvestment Coalition

D.C. Attorney donates American Indian book collection [http://www.indiancountrytoday.com/archive/28397559.html

References

Living people
People from Hatillo, Puerto Rico
Year of birth missing (living people)
Puerto Rican lawyers
Rider University alumni
Seton Hall University School of Law alumni
American chief operating officers

masks:
Antonio Arocho
Tony Arocho
Arocho
Arocho
Arochoella
Arocho
Arocho
Arocho
Arocho
Arocho
Arocho
Antonio Arocho
Antonio Arocho
Arocho
Antonio Arocho
Antonio Arocho


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<mask> (; born June 13, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician, serving as the U.S. representative for  since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he is in his 15th term in Congress. He was originally elected to represent the state's 17th congressional district (1992–1993), which was renumbered the 8th congressional district (1993–2013) and now is the 10th congressional district. <mask> has chaired the House Judiciary Committee since 2019. The 10th congressional district includes Manhattan's west side, from the Upper West Side down to Battery Park, including the World Trade Center; the Manhattan neighborhoods of Chelsea, Hell's Kitchen, and Greenwich Village; and parts of Brooklyn, such as Coney Island, Bensonhurst, Borough Park, and Bay Ridge. It includes many of New York City's most popular tourist attractions, including the Statue of Liberty, New York Stock Exchange, Brooklyn Bridge, and Central Park. <mask> is the dean of New York's delegation to the House of Representatives.Early life, education, and early political career

<mask> was born into a Jewish family in Brooklyn, the son of Miriam (née Schreiber) and Emanuel "Max" <mask>. <mask> described his father as a "dyed-in-the-wool Democrat" who lost his poultry farm in New Jersey when the younger <mask> was seven. In his youth, he attended Crown Heights Yeshiva; he is the only member of Congress with a yeshiva education. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School in 1965 (where his debate team partner was the future philosopher of science Alexander Rosenberg, and Dick Morris managed his successful campaign for student government president). <mask> received his B.A. in 1969 from Columbia University, where he became a brother of Alpha Epsilon Pi. After graduating from Columbia, <mask> worked as a legal assistant and clerk, first with Corporation Trust Company in 1970, then the Morris, Levin and Shein law firm in 1971.In 1972, <mask> was a legislative assistant in the New York State Assembly before becoming shift manager at the New York City Off-Track Betting Corporation, a position he held until becoming a law clerk with Morgan, Finnegan, Pine, Foley and Lee in 1976. While attending evening courses at the Fordham University School of Law, <mask> was elected to the New York State Assembly in 1976. He completed his J.D. at Fordham in 1978. New York State Assembly

<mask> was a member of the New York State Assembly from 1977 to 1992, sitting in the 182nd, 183rd, 184th, 185th, 186th, 187th, 188th and 189th New York State Legislatures. In 1985, he ran for Manhattan Borough President. He lost the Democratic primary to David Dinkins.In the general election, he ran as the New York Liberal Party nominee, and again lost to Dinkins. In 1989, he ran for New York City Comptroller. In the Democratic primary, he lost to Kings County D.A. Elizabeth Holtzman. <mask> founded and chaired the Assembly Subcommittee on Mass Transit and Rail Freight. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

In 1992, Ted Weiss was expected to run for reelection in the 8th district, which had been renumbered from the 17th after the 1990 U.S. Census. But Weiss died a day before the primary election.<mask> was nominated to replace Weiss. He ran in two elections on Election Day—a special election to serve the rest of Weiss's eighth term in the old 17th district, and a regular election for a full two-year term in the new 8th district. He won both handily, and has been reelected 15 times with no substantive opposition. In 2020 <mask> faced a primary challenge from activist Lindsey Boylan; the election was the first time in his tenure that <mask> received less than 75% of the vote. The district was renumbered the 10th district after the 2010 census. A Republican has not represented this district or its predecessors in over a century. The 10th district includes Manhattan's west side from the Upper West Side down to Battery Park, including the World Trade Center; the Manhattan neighborhoods of Chelsea, Hell's Kitchen and Greenwich Village; and parts of Brooklyn, such as Coney Island, Bensonhurst, Borough Park and Bay Ridge.It includes many of New York City's most popular tourist attractions, including the Statue of Liberty, New York Stock Exchange, Brooklyn Bridge and Central Park. Tenure

<mask> chairs the U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary and is a member of the Transportation and Infrastructure committees. Despite earlier efforts to impeach George W. Bush and more recent requests from fellow representatives, he did not schedule hearings on impeachments for Bush or Dick Cheney, saying in 2007 that doing so would be pointless and would distract from the presidential election. In an interview in Washington Journal on July 15, 2008, <mask> reiterated the timing argument and endorsed Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election, saying that electing an honest candidate would create a greater chance of prosecuting those in the Bush administration who had committed war crimes. Ten days later, after Representative Dennis Kucinich submitted Articles of Impeachment, the full House Judiciary Committee held hearings regarding the process covered solely by C-SPAN. A top Ronald Reagan Justice Department official, Bruce Fein, was among those testifying for impeachment. On a similar note, referring to hypothetical impeachment proceedings against President Trump that would begin in the newly elected Democrat-controlled House, he suggested a "three-pronged test" that "would make for a legitimate impeachment proceeding".Such a test would include "the offenses in question must be so grave", and "the evidence so clear", that "even some supporters of the president concede that impeachment is necessary". If it was determined that the president committed an impeachable offense, lawmakers must consider if such an offense would "rise to the gravity where it's worth putting the country through the trauma of an impeachment proceeding," <mask> said. On September 24, 2019, Representative Lance Gooden proposed a resolution to remove <mask> from his position as chair of the House Judiciary committee, accusing him of unlawfully beginning impeachment proceedings before the House had given the committee authorization. For his tenure as chair of the House Judiciary Committee in the 116th Congress, <mask> earned an "A" grade from the nonpartisan Lugar Center's Congressional Oversight Hearing Index. Politifact criticized <mask> for falsely claiming in the Kenosha unrest shooting that Kyle Rittenhouse had brought a gun across state lines and might thus be subject to a federal Department of Justice review, when in fact he had not. Committee assignments

Current
 Committee on the Judiciary (Chair)
 As chair of the full committee, <mask> may serve as an ex officio member of all subcommittees. Former
 Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 Subcommittee on Highways and Transit
 Subcommittee on Railroads, Pipelines, and Hazardous Materials

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Arts Caucus
 Congressional Progressive Caucus
 Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
 Medicare for All Caucus

Political positions

Surveillance

<mask> was unhappy with the passage of the surveillance-reform compromise bill, the FISA Amendments Act of 2008, saying it "abandons the Constitution's protections and insulates lawless behavior from legal scrutiny".Income taxes

<mask> compared Obama's acceptance of Republican demands to extend Bush-era tax cuts at the highest income levels to someone's being roughed up by the mob, asserting that the Republicans would allow the middle class tax cut only if millionaires and billionaires receive a long-term tax cut as well. <mask> has proposed changing the income tax brackets to reflect different regions and their costs of living, which would have lowered the tax rate for New Yorkers. He has opposed tax breaks for high-income earners, saying that the country cannot afford it. Abortion

<mask> vowed to reintroduce the Freedom of Choice Act during the Obama administration. He has a 100% rating from NARAL Pro-Choice America. LGBT rights

Nadler supports same-sex marriage, and anti-discrimination protections on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity. On September 15, 2009, <mask> and two other representatives introduced the Respect for Marriage Act, a proposed bill that would have repealed the Defense of Marriage Act and required the federal government to recognize the validity of same-sex marriages.In 2019, <mask> supported the Equality Act, a bill that would expand the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964 to ban discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Immigration

In March 2019, as the House debated President Trump's veto of a measure unwinding his declaration of a national emergency at the southern border, <mask> said: "I'm convinced that the president's actions are unlawful and deeply irresponsible. A core foundation of our system of government and of democracies across the world, going back hundreds of years, is that the executive cannot unilaterally spend taxpayer money without the legislature's consent." Iran

In 2015, <mask> voted to support an agreement to lift economic sanctions against Iran in exchange for Iran's compliance with the terms of the agreement which called for substantial dismantling and scaling back of their nuclear program. Israel

In December 2017, <mask> criticized Trump's decision to recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, saying: "I have long recognized Jerusalem as the historic capital of Israel, and have called for the eventual relocation of the United States Embassy to Jerusalem, the seat of the Israeli government. While President Trump's announcement earlier today rightly acknowledged the unique attachment of the Jewish people to Jerusalem, the timing and circumstances surrounding this decision are deeply worrying." Housing
In 2020, <mask> praised a judge for a ruling that could lead to the removal of 20 or more stories in an already constructed 52-story building in the Upper West Side of New York City.The developer had received a permit to construct the building, but the judge said the permit should not have been given. Cannabis

In July 2019, <mask> introduced the Marijuana Opportunity Reinvestment and Expungement (MORE) Act that, among other reforms, seeks to remove cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act. He said: "It's past time to right this wrong nationwide and work to view marijuana use as an issue of personal choice and public health, not criminal behavior." In November 2019, the bill passed the House Judiciary Committee by a 24–10 vote, marking the first time that a bill to end cannabis prohibition had ever passed a congressional committee. Voting record

<mask> has a liberal voting record in the House. He gained national prominence during the impeachment of Bill Clinton, when he described the process as a "partisan railroad job". His Medicare proposal includes a section that provides for a consortium of organization to study Ground Zero illness.Personal life
<mask> and Josephine Langsdorr Miller wed in 1976. As of 2013, they lived in Lincoln Square. In 2002 and 2003, <mask> had laparoscopic duodenal switch surgery, helping him lose more than 100 pounds. See also
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

External links

 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 <mask> for Congress

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Living people
Members of the New York State Assembly
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
New York (state) Democrats
Politicians from Brooklyn
People from Manhattan
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Trump–Ukraine scandal
21st-century American Jews

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<mask> of Rosehaugh (1636–1691) was a Scottish lawyer, Lord Advocate, essayist and legal writer. Early life
<mask>, who was born in Dundee, was the son of Sir <mask> of Lochslin (died c. 1666) and Elizabeth Bruce, daughter of the Reverend Peter Bruce, minister of St Leonard's, and Principal of St Leonard's Hall in the University of St Andrews. He was a grandson of Kenneth, Lord <mask> of Kintail and a nephew of <mask>, 2nd Earl of Seaforth. He was educated at the King's College, University of Aberdeen (which he entered in 1650), the University of St Andrews, and the University of Bourges in France. Career

<mask> was elected to the Faculty of Advocates in 1659, and spoke in defence at the trial of Archibald Campbell, Marquis of Argyll in 1661. He acted as justice-depute from 1661 to 1663, a post that involved him in extensive witch trials. <mask> was knighted, and was a member of the Scottish Parliament for the County of Ross from 1669 to 1674.In 1677 he became Lord Advocate, and a member of the Privy Council of Scotland. As Lord Advocate he was the minister responsible for the persecuting policy of Charles II in Scotland against the Presbyterian Covenanters. After the Battle of Bothwell Bridge in 1679 <mask> imprisoned 1,200 Covenanters in a field next to Greyfriars Kirkyard. Some were executed, and hundreds died of maltreatment. His treatment of Covenanters gained him the nickname "Bluidy <mask>". It has been argued that both he and Claverhouse kept to the letter of the law. It is unclear whether or not the epithet "Bluidy" is contemporary; it appears in The Heart of Midlothian (1818), given to Davie Deans.The language of blood prevails in the published testimony of Marion Harvey, hanged in 1681, who calls her blood onto <mask>: ""that excommunicate tyrant, <mask>, the advocate", among others. <mask> resigned for a short time in 1686, before taking up office again in 1688 and serving as shire commissioner for Forfarshire from 1688 to his death. He opposed the dethronement of James II, and to escape the consequences he retired from public life. Last years
<mask> retired at the Glorious Revolution to Oxford. In London on 9 March 1690 he dined with William Lloyd and John Evelyn, two literary opponents from the past. He died at Westminster on 8 May 1691 and is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard in Edinburgh, his mausoleum being designed by James Smith. Works
In private life <mask> was a cultivated and learned gentleman with literary tendencies.He published in 1660 Aretina, which has been called the first Scottish novel. He is remembered as the author of various graceful essays. A contemporary antiquarian, Alexander Nisbet, calls him "learned" and "renowned". <mask> wrote legal, political, and antiquarian books, including:

The Science of Heraldry, Treated as a Part of the Civil Law of Nations: Wherein Reasons are Given for its Principles, and Etymologies of its Harder Terms (1680);
Institutions of the Law of Scotland (1684);
Jus Regium: Or the Just and Solid Foundations of Monarchy in General, and More Especially of the Monarchy of Scotland: Maintain'd Against Buchannan, Naphtali, Dolman, Milton, &c. (1684), a major royalist tract;
 A Vindication of the Government in Scotland (1691);
Antiquity of the Royal Line of Scotland (1686);
Memoirs of the Affairs of Scotland from the Restoration of Charles II (1821). <mask> took part in the Midlothian trials for witchcraft in 1661, and defended the alleged witch Maevia. He later wrote at length of his experience with witchcraft trials. He did not endorse the sceptical position, but stated that witches were fewer than common belief made out.He attributed confessions to the use of torture. His Laws and Customs of Scotland in Matters Criminal (1678) was the first textbook of Scottish criminal law. In it <mask> defended the use of judicial torture in Scotland as legal. He said it was seldom used. In the aftermath of the Rye House Plot Charles II authorised the use of torture against William Spence, secretary to Archibald, Earl of Agyll, who was moved to Scotland. The Scottish privy council was reluctant, but eventually went beyond Scottish law in torturing Spence. <mask> visited William Carstares in prison in London, caught up in the same investigation, to warn him of the consequences of stubborn behaviour under questioning.Other works were:

Religio Stoici (1663);
A Moral Essay preferring Solitude to Public Employment (1665);
Moral Gallantry (1667); and
The Moral History of Frugality (1691). <mask> was the founder of the Advocates Library in Edinburgh. His inaugural oration there is dated 15 March 1689, so just before his departure south; but the evidence is that the oration was written some years before, and the library itself was operational from the early 1680s. The initiative followed <mask>'s appointment as Dean of the Faculty of Advocates, in 1682. In Fiction
<mask> of Rosehaugh features as a character in John Galt's novel Ringan Gilhaize, or The Covenanters (1823). Family
In 1662 <mask> married Elizabeth Dickson, daughter of John Dickson, Lord Hartree, a Senator of the College of Justice. They had:
John (died young)
Simon (died young)
<mask> (died young)
Agnes, who married James Stuart, later 1st Earl of Bute
Elizabeth, who married first Sir Archibald Cockburn of Langton and secondly the Hon Sir <mask> of Royston, Bt.His first wife died not later than 1667-1668 and in 1670 he married secondly Margaret, daughter of Haliburton of Pitcur. They had a son and two daughters:
<mask>, who married but died, without male issue, before his father
Anne, who married Sir William Dick of Prestonfield
Elizabeth, who married Sir John Stuart of Grandtully

References
Patrick Cadell and Ann Matheson, editors (1989), For the Encouragement of Learning: Scotland's National Library 1689–1989, Edinburgh, HMSO. (also: available at )

Notes

Further reading

Attribution

External links

<mask>, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
People educated at the High School of Dundee
Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Principals of the University of St Andrews
University of Bourges
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
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Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, <mask>, of Rosehaugh
Mackenzie, George, of Rosehaugh
George
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1689
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1689–1702
Lord Advocates
Writers from Dundee

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texts:
Mawlānā Abul-Ma'ānī Mīrzā Abdul-Qādir Bēdil (, or Bīdel, ), also known as <mask>ī (; 1642–1720), was an Indian Sufi, and the greatest Indo-Persian poet, next to Amir Khusrau, who lived most of his life during the reign of Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal emperor. He was the foremost representative of the later phase of the "Indian style" (sabk-e hendī) of Persian poetry, and the most difficult and challenging poet of that school. He is considered the most difficult and challenging poet of Safavid-Mughal poetry. Life
<mask> was born in Azimabad (present-day Patna) in India. He was the son of the Mirza Abd al-Khaliq (d. 1648), a former Turkic soldier who belonged to the Arlas tribe of the Chaghatay. The descendants of the family had originally lived in the city of Bukhara in Transoxiana, before moving to India. <mask>'s native language was Bengali, but he also spoke Urdu (then known as rikhta), Sanskrit and Turkic, as well as Persian and Arabic, which he learned in elementary school.Bīdel mostly wrote Ghazal and Rubayee (quatrain) in Persian, the language of the Royal Court, which he had learned since childhood. He is the author of 16 books of poetry, which contain nearly 147,000 verses and include several masnavi) in that language. He is considered one of the prominent poets of Indian School of Poetry in Persian literature, and owns his unique Style in it. Both Mirza Ghalib and Iqbal-i Lahori were influenced by him. His books include Tilism-i Hairat (طلسم حيرت), Tur i Ma'rifat (طور معرفت), Chahār Unsur (چهار عنصر) and Ruqa'āt (رقعات). Possibly as a result of being brought up in such a mixed religious environment, Bīdel had considerably more tolerant views than his poetic contemporaries. He preferred freethought to accepting the established beliefs of his time, siding with the common people and rejecting the clergy who he often saw as corrupt.Bīdel is much welcomed in Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Pakistan. Bīdel came back to prominence in Iran in 1980s. Literary critics Mohammad-Reza Shafiei-Kadkani and Shams Langrudi were instrumental in Bīdel's re-emergence in Iran. Iran also sponsored two international conferences on Bīdel. The Indian school of Persian poetry, especially Bīdel's poetry, is criticized for its complex and implicit meanings, however, it is much welcomed in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and India than in Iran. The main reason could be his style which is kept a bit Indian. In Afghanistan, a unique school in poetry studying is dedicated to Bīdel's poetry called Bīdelšināsī (Bīdel studies), and those who have studied his poetry are called Bīdelšinās (Bīdel expert).His poetry plays a major role in Indo-Persian classical music of central Asia as well. Many Afghan classical musicians, e.g. Mohammad Hussain Sarahang, Ustad Nashanas have sung plenty of Bīdel's ghazals. Grave
His grave, called Bāġ-e Bīdel (Garden of Bīdel) is situated across Purana Qila, at Mathura Road next to the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium gates and the pedestrian bridge over Mathura Road in Delhi. Works
 Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Avaz-hayi Bidil: Nasri adabi (Ruq‘at - Nukat – Isharat – Chahar - ‘Unsur). Edited by Akbar Bihdarvand.Tihran: Nigah, 1386 [2007]. Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Kullıyat. Lakhnahu: Naval Kishor, 1287 [1870 or 1871]. Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Ghazaliyati Bidil Dihlavi. Edited by Akbar Bihdavand.Shiraz: Navid-i Shiraz, 1387 [2008 or 2009]. References

Notes

 Erkinov A. "Manuscripts of the works by classical Persian authors (Hāfiz, Jāmī, Bīdil): Quantitative Analysis of 17th-19th c. Central Asian Copies". Iran: Questions et connaissances. Actes du IVe Congrès Européen des études iraniennes organisé par la Societas Iranologica Europaea, Paris, 6-10 Septembre 1999. vol. II: Périodes médiévale et moderne. [Cahiers de Studia Iranica.26], M.Szuppe (ed.). Association pour l'avancement des études iraniennes-Peeters Press. Paris-Leiden, 2002, pp. 213–228. Gould R. "Bīdel," Encyclopedia of Indian Religions. Ed. Arvind Sharma.. New York: Springer, 2013.R. M. Chopra, "Great Poets of Classical Persian", Sparrow Publication, Kolkata, 2014, ()

Citations

Bibliography
 Ahmad, Mohamad Bohari Haji. "The Ideas of Wahdat Al-Wujud in the Poetry of'Abd Al-Qadir Bidil (Persian), Ibrahim Hakki Erzurumlu (Ottoman Turkish), and Hamzah Fansuri (Malay)." PhD diss., 1990. Faruqi, Shamsur Rahman. "A stranger in the city: The poetics of Sabk-i Hindi." Annual of Urdu Studies 19, no. 1 (2004): 93.Fekrat, Nasim. "Esoteric Keys of Mirza Abd al-Qadir Bidel." MA Thesis., University of Georgia, 2018. Ghani, Abdul. Life and Works of Abdul Qadir <mask>. Lahore: Publishers United, 1960. Iqbal, Allama Muhammad.<mask> in the light of Bergson. Edited by Tehsin Firaqi. Lahore: Universal Boks/Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 1988. Keshavmurthy, Prashant. Persian Authorship and Canonicity in Late Mughal Delhi: Building an Ark. Routledge, 2016. Kovacs, Hajnalka."‘The Tavern of the Manifestation of Realities’: The ‘Masnavi Muhit-i azam’by Mirza Abd al-Qadir <mask> (1644–1720)." PhD diss., University of Chicago (2013).} Siddiqi, Mohammed Moazzam. An Examination of the Indo-Persian Mystical Poet Mīrzā ʻAbdul Qādir Bēdil with Particular Reference to His Chief Work ʻIrfān. University of California, 1975.} Zipoli, Riccardo. "A computer-assisted analysis of Bidel's' Tur-e Ma ‘refat'."Annali di Ca'Foscari: Rivista della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature straniere dell'Università di Ca'Foscari, 2005, vol. 44 (3), pp. 123-138 (2005). Zipoli, Riccardo. Riflessi di Persia-Reflections of Persia. Venezia: Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina, 2013. External links

 internationaler Kongreß auf Bidel Dehlavi (Tehran 2006) (BBC Persian)]
 [ابوالمعالی بیدل A brief Article in Urdu
  collected poetry of Bīdel in scanned authentic version uploaded by Javed Hussen
 Poems of Bīdel (Persian)
 Some of <mask>'s eclectic lines and quatrains.1642 births
1720 deaths
Persian-language poets
Sufis
Indian Muslims
Poets from Delhi
Mughal Empire people
17th-century Indian poets
Writers from Patna
18th-century Indian poets
Indian people of Turkic descent
16th-century Turkic people

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Sir <mask>  (born 12 May 1938) is a British architect and urban designer. In 1980, after working for 15 years in partnership with Sir Nicholas Grimshaw, <mask> founded his own firm, Farrells. He garnered a strong reputation for contextual urban design schemes, as well as exuberant works of postmodernism such as the MI6 Building. In 1991, his practice expanded internationally, opening an office in Hong Kong. In Asia his firm designed KK100 in Shenzhen, the tallest building ever designed by a British architect, as well as Guangzhou South railway station, once the largest railway station in Asia. At the 2013 invitation of Ed Vaizey, the Minister for Culture, Communications and Creative Industries, his firm commenced the Farrell Review of Architecture and the Built Environment, intended to offer expert guidance on the direction of British architecture. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Sale, Cheshire.His maternal grandfather was born in Manchester to an Irish mother who had emigrated to England from Ireland to escape Great Famine. As a youth he moved to Newcastle upon Tyne, where he attended St. Cuthbert's Grammar School. He graduated with a degree in architecture from Newcastle University School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, followed by a Masters in urban planning at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia. Career
In 1965, <mask> moved to London to form a partnership with Sir Nicholas Grimshaw. In 1980, he founded his own company, Terry Farrell & Partners. In addition, <mask> lectures at a number of different universities including Cambridge University, the University of London, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Sheffield. In the early part of his career, <mask> gave emphasis to housing projects.Later, after the break with Grimshaw, he became the UK's principal postmodernist and was best known for the TV-am headquarters in Camden Lock and the redevelopment of Comyn Ching Triangle in London's Covent Garden. In the 1980s and 1990s his projects included Charing Cross Station, the MI6 headquarters building, The Deep Aquarium in Hull and The International Centre for Life in Newcastle. More recent work includes the new headquarters for the Home Office, the conversion of the Grade I-listed Royal Institution of Great Britain and the Great North Museum in Newcastle. He has been responsible for regeneration projects in the UK including Newcastle Quayside, Brindleyplace in Birmingham, Edinburgh Exchange District, Greenwich Peninsula and Paddington Basin. He has also designed his own buildings within these projects, including the Edinburgh International Conference Centre and The Point in Paddington Basin. In May 2010, he was appointed to regenerate the  area around Earl's Court exhibition centre. In 2012 his practice was appointed as masterplanners for Wood Wharf – the next phase of Canary Wharf's development.In East Asia, projects include Incheon International Airport in Seoul and Beijing South railway station – the largest in Asia. When completed in December 2010 Guangzhou South railway station was for a time the largest railway station in the world. Since setting up his practice in Hong Kong in 1990, he has designed the Peak Tower, Kowloon Station development and the British Consulate-General, Hong Kong. His KK100 tower in Shenzhen is the tallest building ever by a British architect. <mask> is on the Design Advisory Committee of the Mayor of London. In 2008 he was appointed Design and Planning Leader for the Thames Gateway – Europe's largest regeneration project. <mask> was named CBE in 1996 and made a Knight Bachelor in 2001.He was made a visiting professor at the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape at Newcastle University, and also an honorary freeman of Newcastle, in 2016. In 2018, he donated £1m and his impressive archive to the University. Personal life
<mask> has been married three times, and has five children and six grandchildren. 37–132
1987 <mask> in the context of London catalogue by Rowan Moore with an introduction by Deyan Sudjic, published to coincide with the exhibition at the RIBA Heinz Gallery 14 May to 13 June 1987, London
1986 Designing a House Charles Jencks and <mask>, London
1984 Architectural Monographs: <mask> introduction by <mask>, texts by Colin Amery and Charles Jencks, London

References

External links

Terry Farrell and Partners

1938 births
 Living people
 People from Sale, Greater Manchester
 Harkness Fellows
 Modernist architects from England
Postmodern architects
 People from Newcastle upon Tyne
 People educated at St. Cuthbert's School
 Alumni of Newcastle University
 Architects from Greater Manchester
 Knights Bachelor
 Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
 University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni

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<mask> (born 1951) is a Catholic conservative American author, political analyst, and social activist. He currently serves as a Distinguished Senior Fellow of the Ethics and Public Policy Center. <mask> was the Founding President of the James Madison Foundation. He is the author of a best-selling biography of Pope John Paul II, Witness to Hope, and Tranquillitas Ordinis: The Present Failure and Future Promise of American Catholic Thought on War and Peace. Career and personal life
<mask> was born and grew up in Baltimore, Maryland, where he attended St. Mary's Seminary and University. In 1975 he received a Master of Arts degree from the University of St. Michael's College with a thesis entitled Karl Rahner's Theology of the Incarnation in Light of his Philosophy of Transcendental Anthropology. He has received 18 honorary doctorate degrees, as well as the papal cross Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and the Gloria Artis Gold Medal from the Polish Ministry of Culture.<mask> lived in the Compton area, serving as Assistant Professor of Theology and Assistant Dean of Studies at the St. Thomas the Apostle Seminary School of Theology in Kenmore, Washington, and Scholar-in-Residence at the World Without War Council of Greater Seattle, before returning to Washington, DC, as a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. <mask> served as the founding president of the James Madison Foundation (not to be confused with the James Madison Memorial Fellowship Foundation) from 1986 to 1989. In 1994, he was a signer of the document Evangelicals and Catholics Together. He currently serves as Distinguished Senior Fellow and Chair of Catholic Studies at the Ethics and Public Policy Center in Washington, DC. Each summer, <mask> and several other Catholic intellectuals from the United States, Poland, and across Europe conduct the Tertio Millennio Seminar on the Free Society in Kraków, in which they and an assortment of students from the United States, Poland, and several other emerging democracies in Central and Eastern Europe discuss Christianity within the context of liberal democracy and capitalism, with the papal encyclical Centesimus annus being the focal point. <mask> and his spouse Joan live in north Bethesda, Maryland. They have three children.He is a member of the advisory council of the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation. <mask> writes and serves on the board for the Institute for Religion and Public Life, which publishes First Things, an ecumenical publication that focuses on encouraging a religiously informed public philosophy for the ordering of society. Views
The main body of <mask>'s writings engage the issues of religion and culture. <mask> advocates a US foreign policy guided not by utopian notions about how nations should behave, but by moral reasoning. From the Iliad to Tolstoy and beyond, that familiar trope, "the fog of war," has been used to evoke the millennia–old experience of the radical uncertainty of combat. Some analysts, however, take the trope of "the fog of war" a philosophical step further and suggest that warfare takes place beyond the reach of moral reason, in a realm of interest and necessity where moral argument is a pious diversion at best and, at worst, a lethal distraction from the deadly serious business at hand. In some cases, he adds, moral reasoning may require that the United States support authoritarian regimes to fend off the greater evils of moral decay and threats to the security of the United States.For <mask>, America's shortcomings do not excuse her from pursuing the greater moral good. <mask> achieved much fame for writing Witness to Hope, a biography of the late Pope John Paul II, which was also made into a documentary film. In 2004 <mask> wrote an article in Commentary magazine entitled "The Cathedral and the Cube" in which he used the contrast between the modernist Grande Arche de la Défense, and the Notre Dame de Paris cathedral, both located in Paris, France, to illustrate what he called a loss of "civilizational morale" in Western Europe, which he tied to the secular tyrannies of the 20th century, along with, more recently, plummeting birthrates and Europe's refusal to recognize the Christian roots of its culture. The article helped to popularize the word Christophobia, a term coined by the Jewish legal scholar Joseph Weiler, in 2003. <mask> questions whether Europe can give an account of itself while denying the very moral tradition through which its culture arose: "Christians who share this conviction (that it is the will of God that Christians be tolerant of those who have a different view of God's will) – can give an account of their defense of the other's freedom even if the other, skeptical and relativist, finds it hard to give an account of the freedom of the Christian." This is a theme sounded clearly by Marcello Pera and Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (from 2005 to 2013 Pope Benedict XVI), in their book Without Roots: the West, Relativism, Christianity, Islam, for which <mask> authored the foreword. In 2005, he expanded the article into a book, The Cube and the Cathedral:  Europe, America, and Politics Without God.On January 27, 2017, in response to rumours that <mask> would be appointed ambassador to the Holy See, Cardinal Theodore Edgar McCarrick wrote to Pope Francis stating that <mask> was "very much a leader of the ultra-conservative wing of the Catholic Church in the United States and has been publicly critical of Your Holiness in the past." He added, "Many of us American bishops would have great concerns about his being named to such a position in which he would have an official voice, in opposition to your teaching." McCarrick indicated he would be happy to discuss the topic further with the Pope, but there are no indications in their correspondence whether he ever did so. Following the controversial September 2006 lecture of Pope Benedict XVI at Regensburg, <mask> defended the Pope's call for interreligious dialogue based on reason. In January 2009, <mask> expressed concern on the lifting of the excommunications of the bishops of the Society of Saint Pius X, essentially because the group has been critical of some aspects of the Second Vatican Council, especially its teaching on religious liberty, which <mask> strongly defends. <mask> was critical of the 2019 Amazon Synod and the structure of church synods in general, saying that they never fully represent what lay Catholics believe and describing them as a masquerade for the intrusion of progressive ideologies into the Catholic church. "Propaganda about 'synodality' that functions as rhetorical cover for the imposition of the progressive Catholic agenda on the whole Church is not an improvement on that track record; it's a masquerade, behind which is an agenda."Publications

Books
 Not Forgotten: Elegies For, and Reminiscences Of, a Diverse Cast of Characters, Most of Them Admirable, Ignatius Press, 2021
 The Next Pope: The Office of Peter and a Church in Mission, Ignatius Press, 2020
 The Irony of Modern Catholic History: How the Church Rediscovered Itself and Challenged the Modern World to Reform, Basic Books, 2019,
 The Fragility of Order: Catholic Reflections on Turbulent Times, Ignatius Press, 2018,
 Lessons in Hope: My Unexpected Life with St. John Paul II, Basic Books, 2017,
 City of Saints: A Pilgrimage to John Paul II's Kraków, Crown Publishing Group, 2015, Co-Authors: Carrie Gress, Stephen Weigel
 Roman Pilgrimage: The Station Churches, Basic Books, 2013, Co-Authors: Elizabeth Lev, Stephen Weigel
 Evangelical Catholicism: Deep Reform in the 21st-Century Catholic Church, Basic Books, 2013,
 The End and the Beginning: Pope John Paul II–The Victory of Freedom, the Last Years, the Legacy, Doubleday, 2010,
 Against the Grain: Christianity and Democracy, War and Peace, Crossroad, 2008, . Faith, Reason, and the War Against Jihadism: A Call to Action, Doubleday, 2007, . God's Choice: Pope Benedict XVI and the Future of the Catholic Church, Harper Collins, 2005, . The Cube and the Cathedral:  Europe, America, and Politics Without God, Basic Books, 2005, .
 Letters to a Young Catholic, Basic Books, 2004, . The Courage To Be Catholic: Crisis, Reform, and the Future of the Church, Basic Books, 2002, . The Truth of Catholicism: Ten Controversies Explored, Harper Collins, 2001, . Witness to Hope: The Biography of Pope John Paul II, Harper Collins, 1999, .Soul of the World: Notes on the Future of Public Catholicism, Eerdmans, 1996, . The Final Revolution: The Resistance Church and the Collapse of Communism, Oxford University Press, 1992, . Just War and the Gulf War, Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991, . Freedom and Its Discontents: Catholicism Confronts Modernity, Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1991, . American Interests, American Purpose: Moral Reasoning and U.S. Foreign Policy, Praeger Publishers, 1989, . Catholicism and the Renewal of American Democracy, Paulist Press, 1989, . Tranquillitas Ordinis: The Present Failure and Future Promise of American Catholic Thought on War and Peace, Oxford University Press, 1987, .

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