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<mask>   (born August 2, 1937) is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist best known as the keyboardist and occasional saxophonist for rock group the Band. He was a principal architect of the group's sound, described as "the most brilliant organist in the rock world" by Keyboard magazine. With the deaths of Richard Manuel in 1986, Rick Danko in 1999, and Levon Helm in 2012, <mask> is one of only two living original members of The Band, the other being Robbie Robertson. A master of the Lowrey organ, <mask>'s other primary instruments are piano, accordion, electronic keyboards, and saxophones (alto, tenor, soprano, baritone, bass). He has been a much-in-demand and respected session musician, performing with dozens of artists, including Elton John, who has cited him as an early influence. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. His parents, <mask> and Olive Louella Pentland, were musicians.His mother played piano and accordion and sang. His father, a farm inspector who had fought as a fighter pilot in World War I, played drums, C melody saxophone, clarinet, flute and piano. <mask> moved with his family to London, Ontario, around 1940. Starting piano lessons at an early age, <mask> also played organ at his church and his uncle's funeral parlour, and performed country songs on the accordion Classically trained in piano, music theory, harmony and counterpoint, <mask> wrote his first song at the age of eleven and first played professionally with dance bands in 1949,  at the age of twelve. He attended Broughdale Public School and Medway High School before studying music (primarily Bach's chorales and The Well-Tempered Clavier) at the University of Western Ontario. During this period, he grew increasingly frustrated with the rigidity of the classical repertoire, leading him to drop out after a year. In 1956, he joined London band The Silhouettes.The group relocated to the Windsor/Detroit area where work was more plentiful. It was there, in 1958, that The Silhouettes joined with fellow Londoner Paul "London" Hutchins and became Paul London And The Capers. <mask> primarily played saxophone in the group, and some piano in a style inspired by Johnnie Johnson, but saw his first Lowrey Organ at a show in Detroit and determined that he would get one. The group found moderate success and plenty of work, recording a few songs in Toronto in 1960, changing their name to "...Kapers" with a 'K', recording a few more songs at Chess Studios in Chicago. <mask> was first approached by Ronnie Hawkins and Levon Helm in the summer of 1961, after a Kapers show in London, and asked to join The Hawks, an offer he declined. The Hawks persisted, and in December 1961, <mask> agreed to join the band on two conditions: that Hawkins buy him a Lowrey organ, and that he be paid an extra $10 a week to give music lessons to the other Hawks. This second condition was in part to justify the move to his parents, who he feared would think he was squandering his years of music education by playing in a rock and roll band.Discussing the thinking behind his early fears in The Last Waltz, <mask> told interviewer-director Martin Scorsese: "There is a view that jazz is 'evil' because it comes from evil people, but actually the greatest priests on 52nd Street and on the streets of New York City were the musicians. They were doing the greatest healing work. They knew how to punch through music that would cure and make people feel good." When the 24-year-old <mask> joined the Hawks, the backing band for Ronnie Hawkins, the band already consisted of 21-year-old Levon Helm on drums, 18-year-old Robbie Robertson on guitar, 18-year-old Rick Danko on bass and 18-year-old Richard Manuel on piano. The line up that would become The Band was now complete. Lowrey organ
<mask> was one of the few organ players in rock and roll and rhythm and blues to eschew the Hammond organ. Upon joining the Hawks, <mask> took the opportunity to negotiate the procurement of a new Lowrey organ as part of his compensation.The Lowrey organ offered a different mix of features, and <mask> stayed with Lowrey right through Ronnie Hawkins and the Hawks, Bob Dylan and the Band, playing three different models: originally a Festival (FL) console, which was replaced by a Lincolnwood TSO-25 during 1969, and later still a horseshoe console H25 model, as depicted in The Last Waltz. The Band: 1965–1976
Under the strict supervision of Hawkins, the Hawks became an accomplished band. They split from Hawkins in 1963, recorded two singles and toured almost continually, playing in bars and clubs, usually billed as Levon and the Hawks. <mask> started work as a session musician in 1965, playing on John Hammond, Jr.'s So Many Roads along with Robertson (guitar) and Helm (drums). In August 1965, they were introduced to Bob Dylan by manager Albert Grossman's assistant, Mary Martin. In October, Dylan and the Hawks recorded the single "Can You Please Crawl Out Your Window? ", and in January 1966 they recorded material with Dylan for what would turn into the Blonde on Blonde album.Dylan recruited the band to accompany him on his controversial 1966 "electric" tour of the United States, Australia and Europe. (An album of Dylan's 1966 performance with his band, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert, was finally released in 1998.) Subsequent to Bob Dylan's motorcycle accident in July 1966, the group settled in a pink house in West Saugerties, New York, near Woodstock. Dylan was a frequent visitor, and <mask>'s recordings of their collaborations resulted in The Basement Tapes. By 1968, the group recorded its debut album, Music from Big Pink. The album was recorded in Los Angeles (at Capitol) and New York (at A&R Studio). Capitol originally announced that the group would be called the Crackers, but when Music From Big Pink was released they were officially named the Band.The album includes <mask>'s organ showcase, "Chest Fever", a song that in the Band's live shows would be vastly expanded by a solo organ introduction, entitled "The Genetic Method", an improvisational work that would be played differently at each performance. An example can be heard on the live album Rock of Ages. <mask> is also adept at the accordion, which he played on some of the group's recordings, such as "Rockin Chair", from The Band; the traditional "Ain't No More Cane", from The Basement Tapes; Dylan's "When I Paint My Masterpiece"; and Bobby Charles's "Down South in New Orleans" during The Last Waltz. His saxophone solo work can be heard on such songs as "Tears of Rage" (from Big Pink) and "Unfaithful Servant" (from The Band). <mask> is credited with playing all of the brass and woodwinds on the studio version of "Ophelia" from the 1975 album Northern Lights - Southern Cross. This album, the first to be recorded in the Band's Shangri-La recording studio in Malibu, California, also saw <mask> adding synthesizers to his arsenal of instruments. <mask> provided innovative accompaniment.For example, the song "Up on Cripple Creek" features <mask> playing a clavinet through a wah-wah pedal to create a swampy sound reminiscent of a Jew's harp or the croak of a frog. This clavinet–wah wah pedal configuration was later adopted by many funk musicians. The initial iteration of the Band made its final bow as a touring band with a lavish final concert on Thanksgiving Day 1976 at the Winterland Ballroom in San Francisco, an all-star tribute concert documented in The Last Waltz. The Band reformed: 1980s–1990s

The Band released one more album after the Last Waltz, Islands, and then dissolved. By then, <mask> had married his singer/actress wife, Maud. He had his own property, Big Oak Basin Dude Ranch, in Malibu, which was destroyed by wildfires in 1978, after extensive renovations that included an impressive studio. He was active during this period as a session musician, performing on movie soundtracks and albums by many other artists, including Emmylou Harris, Van Morrison (Wavelength) and Leonard Cohen (Recent Songs).He composed music for Our Lady Queen of the Angels, a multimedia show created for the Los Angeles bicentennial in 1980. In the early 1980s he accompanied the Call on one of their albums and appeared with them in a music video which was played on MTV. He can be seen playing two separate keyboards in The Calls video of "the walls came down"

The Band reformed in 1983, with all the original members except Robbie Robertson. Richard Manuel, who had lived at <mask>'s ranch in 1978, committed suicide in 1986. Supplemented by a rotating roster of additional musicians, the Band continued to tour, releasing three albums in the 1990s. In 1988, <mask> recorded "Feed the Birds" on Stay Awake: Various Interpretations of Music from Vintage Disney Films, produced by Hal Willner. In 1990 <mask>, playing accordion and soprano saxophone, along with bandmates Levon Helm and Rick Danko, who harmonized with the vocalists, took part in Roger Waters's massive performance of The Wall at the Berlin Wall.As a member of the Band, <mask> was inducted into the Juno Hall of Fame in 1989 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1994. He has played on various solo efforts of his bandmates Rick Danko, Levon Helm, and Robbie Robertson. Solo artist: 2001–present
<mask> released his first solo album, The Sea to the North, on September 11, 2001. In 2002, with his home in foreclosure and Robertson having bought out his stake in the Band, <mask> was forced to declare bankruptcy for the third time. He continued to record and perform. On July 13, 2002, he was honoured with the Canada South Blues Society's Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2002, he joined with former Flying Burrito Brothers' pedal steel player Sneaky Pete Kleinow to form Burrito Deluxe, with Carlton Moody of the Moody Brothers on lead vocals and guitars, bassist Jeff "Stick" Davis of the Amazing Rhythm Aces and drummer Rick Lonow.The group recorded two albums, Georgia Peach and The Whole Enchilada, before Kleinow departed in 2004 because of health problems. In 2005, <mask> formed his own 12-piece band, the Best!, with his wife, Maud (who passed away on February 28th, 2022), on vocals. That same year, <mask> and <mask> released Live at the Wolf, a piano and vocal album recorded live at the Wolf Performance Hall in London, Ontario. On November 20, 2005, <mask> received the Hamilton Music Award for Best Instrumentalist. He continues as a much-in-demand session player, performing with such artists as Neko Case (Fox Confessor Brings the Flood and Middle Cyclone), Chris Castle (Last Bird Home), Teddy Thompson (Separate Ways), the Secret Machines (Ten Silver Drops), the Sadies (Live 2006), the Lemonheads, Jonah Smith (2006 self-titled debut), Yesterday's News (The Northside Hotel), Billy the Kid (The Lost Cause) and others. He contributed an original electronic score to an off-Broadway production of Dragon Slayers, written by Stanley Keyes and directed by Brad Mays in 1986 at the Union Square Theatre in New York. The production was restaged with a new cast in Los Angeles in 1990.A few of the artists <mask> performed with in 2006 are Ronnie Hawkins, the Sadies, Neko Case, Heavy Trash, John Hiatt, the North Mississippi All-Stars, Blackie and the Rodeo Kings, and Chris Zaloom, some of which were recorded. <mask> and his talent on piano are prominently featured in the 2007 Daniel Lanois DVD documentary Here Is What Is. In 2010, <mask> released <mask> Presents: A Canadian Celebration of the Band. The album features Canadian artists covering songs that were recorded by the Band. <mask> plays on every track and co-produced the album with Peter J. Moore. Acts that appear on the album include Neil Young, Bruce Cockburn, Blue Rodeo, Cowboy Junkies, the Trews, Great Big Sea, Hawksley Workman, Mary Margaret O'Hara, Chantal Kreviazuk, Raine Maida and Ian Thornley. Awards and honours

As a solo artist
 Canada South Blues Society - Lifetime Achievement Award, 2002
 Hamilton Music Scene - Instrumentalist of the Year, 2005
 Dofasco Hamilton Music Awards - Lifetime of Achievement Award, 2007
 Blues Hall of Fame - inducted as a "Legendary Blues Artist", 2012
 London Music Hall Of Fame - inducted 2014
 Member of the Order of Canada, 2019

As a member of The Band
 Juno Award's Canadian Music Hall of Fame - inducted 1989
 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame - inducted 1994
 Grammy Awards - Lifetime of Achievement Award, 2008
 Canada's Walk of Fame - inducted 2014

Discography

Albums

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<mask> (13 March 1726 – 17 March 1796) was a career British military officer from Scotland who played a key role in raising and leading the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants) during the American Revolution. After the war, he settled with many of the men of the 84th Regiment in Douglas Township, Hants County, Nova Scotia. The British Crown granted land to soldiers after the war to encourage settlement, especially in Upper Canada (now Ontario). <mask> is featured as one of the central figures in American artist <mask>'s notable painting, The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker's Hill, June 17, 1775; versions were completed in the early 19th century. <mask> is shown deflecting a bayonet away from General Warren, who had been a  friend before the hostilities broke out. <mask> returned to Great Britain after the war. He was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey and promoted to major general, serving from 1793 until his death in 1796.Early life

Born at Strathardle, Atholl, he was the son of <mask> of Leanoch in Glen Shee, Scotland and Magdalen Robertson, daughter of Alexander Robertson, 5th Laird of Straloch, Perthshire. His brothers were <mask>, who became an army surgeon, and <mask>, who was a factor. <mask> was a first cousin and close friend of <mask> Reid, who became a general in the British Army. His niece, Magdalen (<mask>) MacDonald, was the mother of <mask> of Garth and Mrs. William McGillivray. <mask> and his relatives were members of the Smalls of Dirnanean, and are also related to the Small-Kiers of Kindrogan House. At an early age <mask>'s family purchased a commission for him to enter the Scots Brigade, and he served with them in the Netherlands. He was promoted to 2nd lieutenant in the Earl of Drumlanrig's Regiment when it was raised for service of the States General in 1747.In 1756, <mask> obtained a commission in the British Army, becoming a lieutenant in the Black Watch just before its departure for North America to fight in the Seven Years' War. Seven Years' War

Lieutenant <mask> went to North America to fight for Great Britain against French Canadian forces in the Seven Years' War. On that front, the war became known to the colonists of the Thirteen Colonies as the French and Indian War, referring to France and its Native American allies. <mask> fought at the Battle of Fort Oswego in New York. Two years later, in 1758, he fought at the Battle of Ticonderoga, also in New York, under General James Abercrombie. Following the defeat, he accompanied General Amherst on his successful expedition to Lake Champlain. He was with him at the Surrender of Montreal in 1760.In Montreal, <mask> was placed in charge of the French prisoners and took them to New York. General Amherst had great confidence in him, and frequently used him "on particular services". In 1762, <mask> was promoted to captain. He sailed with his regiment to take part in the Invasion of Martinique and the British expedition against Cuba, as Great Britain tried to take more power in the Caribbean during the Seven Years' War. Following the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Captain <mask> was placed on half-pay. According to General Stewart, he was almost immediately put on the full-pay list of the 21st North British Fusiliers. When the Black Watch left in 1767 for Europe, most of the men of that regiment, who had earlier volunteered to stay in North America, joined the Fusiliers in order to serve under <mask>.He was "deservedly popular" with them. That same year, <mask> was appointed brigade major to the forces in North America and returned there. It may have been during the interval between the Seven Years' War and the American Revolution that <mask> began to acquire his estate, Selmah Hall, in Nova Scotia. He later bequeathed part of it to his first cousin, friend, and heir General <mask> Reid. During this period, <mask> became interested in local politics and formed friendships with several influential Anglo-American politicians. American Revolution

In 1765, Captain <mask> was placed in command of a company of the 21st Regiment of Foot, serving with them throughout the American Revolution. In 1775, he received an unofficial assignment from General Gage.Promoted to the rank of major, <mask> was sent to Nova Scotia to raise at his own expense the Young Royal Highlanders Regiment. This regiment was afterwards amalgamated into the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants). Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston

As brigade major, <mask> fought at the first major battle of the American Revolution, the Battle of Bunker Hill in Boston, Massachusetts. In the course of that day, his life was saved by the American General Israel Putnam. Seeing <mask> standing alone at a time when all around him had fallen, Putnam struck up the barrels of his men's muskets to save his life. <mask> and Putnam had served together during the Seven Years' War. Along with three other members of the 84th Regiment, <mask> was wounded in the arm by cannon fire.84th Highland Regiment of Foot

<mask> spent the most part of his time in New York on staff duty. <mask> was commander of the 84th Regiment of Foot (Royal Highland Emigrants), 2nd Battalion. At the end of the war, the Crown aided many of its soldiers with land grants to settle in Nova Scotia and Upper Canada (current Ontario) in lieu of pay to encourage British colonization of the area. They often settled together as units, and the 84th Regiment of Foot settled in the Douglas Township in Hants County, Nova Scotia. (Some members had lived there before the war.) <mask> also lived there for a time, constructing a manor house called "Selmah Hall"; the community of Selma, Nova Scotia, was named for his property. Postwar years

After the war, <mask> was thought to have advised American artist <mask> on his painting The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill.They met in London in 1786. Trumbull painted <mask> at the centre of the action, holding a bayonet to prevent a fellow British soldier from killing his friend, American Patriot Joseph Warren. (In fact, Warren was shot through the head during the battle and instantly killed by a musket ball). Trumbull wanted to express the divisions that the conflict created between people who were friends, yet were caught on opposite sides. In describing the painting for a catalogue of his works, Trumbull explained why he chose to emphasize <mask>'s role. He said that <mask>, whom he had met in London, "was equally distinguished by acts of humanity and kindness to his enemies, as by bravery and fidelity to the cause he served." Later years
In 1793, <mask> was appointed as Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey and received his final promotion to major general.He died on Guernsey three years later, on 17 March 1796. He is buried within Saint Peter Port Church. <mask> never married. At his death, his principal heir was his first cousin and good friend, <mask> Reid. He left a valuable estate of four or five thousand acres in Nova Scotia to the general. See also
Dearborn-Putnam controversy (<mask>'s claim that General Israel Putnam was in the redoubt at the Battle of Bunker Hill is contested.) The Soldiers' Trenches, Moor of Rannoch - A project led by his older brother.References

Primary Texts
 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
 Biography of <mask> by Kim Stacy
 Katcher, Philip, Encyclopaedia of British, Provincial, and German Army Units 1775-1783, 1973,

External links
  Lieutenant <mask> Biography
  Major General <mask> on Find A Grave

1726 births
1796 deaths
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Nova Scotia
42nd Regiment of Foot officers
People from Perth and Kinross
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the French and Indian War
Royal Scots Fusiliers officers
84th Regiment of Foot officers
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Loyalists who settled Nova Scotia

masks:
John Small
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John Trumbull
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Patrick Small
Alexander Small
James Small
John Small
John Robertson
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John MacDonald
John Small
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John Robertson
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John Trumbull
Major Small
Major Small
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John Robertson
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Major Small
John Small
John Small


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<mask>  <mask> MBE (born 27 March 1961) is an English former rugby league player and coach. Over a nineteen-year professional career (1978–1997), he played for Bradford Northern, Wigan, Balmain, Western Suburbs and Leeds. He won 36 caps for Great Britain, captaining the team from 1988 to 1992, and 2 for England. Nicknamed 'Mr Magic' and 'The Black Pearl', he played most often as a  or  after starting out as a  or . Hanley won the Man of Steel Award a record three times, the Lance Todd Trophy once, and the Golden Boot in 1988. He was awarded the MBE in January 1990 for services to the game. In 2005 he was inducted into the Rugby Football League Hall of Fame.After his playing career, he had spells as head coach of Great Britain, St Helens and Doncaster. Biography
<mask> was born in Leeds, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, of Jamaican descent. He is the father of Umyla <mask>, who currently plays in Super League for the Wigan Warriors. Bradford Northern
In 1978, <mask> signed for Bradford Northern from the junior club Corpus Christi. On 26 November 1978, he made his professional début for Northern against Rochdale Hornets in a League Division One match. He helped his club to a 30–18 victory, by scoring a try on his début. He had to wait his time before gaining a regular first team place but in the early 1980s he emerged as one of the top players in the game.In 1984–85, his last season with the club, <mask> became the first man to score more than 50 tries in a season since Alf Ellaby, and the first non-winger to reach this figure for 70 years. He scored a remarkable 55 tries in only 37 appearances, an achievement made even more remarkable as he switched between the positions of wing, centre and stand-off. For his achievements in the 1984–85 season, he was awarded the Man of Steel award, which is awarded to the player judged to have made the biggest impact in the season, as well as the First Division Player of the Year. In total, <mask> made 126 appearances for the club, scoring 89 tries. Wigan
In 1985 he signed for Wigan for a fee of £150,000, with Steve Donlan and Phil Ford moving to Bradford Northern in exchange for Hanley as part of the deal. <mask> finished his first season for the club with 35 tries. During his second season at Wigan he scored 63 tries playing at centre, stand-off and loose forward, an all-time record for a non-winger.In the 1987 season, <mask> was awarded the Man of Steel award, being voted the player who made the biggest impact during the season. His play that year helped Wigan to their first league title in 27 years. He played in Wigan's 1987 World Club Challenge victory against the visiting Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. <mask> holds the record for the most tries in a Regal Trophy (or precursors) Final with 3 tries. In 1988, <mask> was in dispute with Wigan and was stripped of the captaincy. He was transfer listed at a then record £350,000. But when Wigan reached the semi-final of the 1988 Rugby League Challenge Cup against Salford, coach Graham Lowe recalled Hanley to the team.Upon his return <mask> scored a magnificent try in the final at Wembley Stadium. Ironically it was set up by Joe Lydon – reminiscent of the two tries he scored against Wigan four years earlier. Ray French stated it was the second greatest ever seen in a final. <mask> was then selected as captain for the 1988 Great Britain Lions tour. The Lions defeated Papua New Guinea but lost The Ashes to Australia, losing the first two tests in Sydney and Brisbane. The third test was a triumph for <mask> and his Lions though as they defeated Australia for the first time in a test match since 5 November 1978, ending Australia's streak of 15 straight wins over Great Britain. The Lions then defeated New Zealand 12–10 in Christchurch for their only test in NZ to finish the tour on a high note.In 1989, <mask> helped the club reach the Challenge Cup Final, where they won a 27–0 victory over St Helens in front of a crowd of approximately 78,000 people at Wembley, the first time in Cup Final history at Wembley that a side had been held scoreless. He was awarded the Lance Todd Trophy for the man of the match. For his performances throughout the season he was also awarded the Man of Steel award for the second time as a Wigan player, and the third time in his overall career. 1989 was also the year in which <mask> was awarded the Adidas Golden Boot, which was awarded to the world's most outstanding player. <mask> remembers that "It was something I always strove for. I wanted to be the best player in the world… Looking back, to be the world's best player at that time was the biggest honour of my career." Internationally, 1990 was a disappointment.<mask> captained Great Britain against the 1990 Kangaroos, and although they pulled off a shock 19–12 win over Australia in the first test at Wembley with <mask> playing a prominent role, the Kangaroos would come back to win the second and third tests to extend their Ashes series streak over the Lions which dated back to 1973. Prior to the arrival of the Kangaroos in England, <mask>'s influence in the British game was shown. During one early season Wigan game leading English referee Robin Whitfield sent <mask> off for back-chat and as he departed the field <mask> allegedly told Whitfield that he would end up in the second division. <mask> was originally handed a 2 match suspension for his actions. However, upon appeal this was reduced to just one week, and Whitfield, despite his standing as one of the game's top officials, refereed the second division for the next 6 weeks. He led Wigan to another two League and Cup doubles. By 1991 though his relationship with the media reached an all-time low.Although both Wigan and Great Britain captain, he was not expected to carry out any media role. In total he spent around five years with the club, making 202 appearances and scoring 189 tries. In his Wigan career, he won a World Club Championship, 4 Challenge Cup winners medals, 3 Championships, 1 Premiership, 4 John Player Trophy Winners medals and 4 Lancashire Cup winners medals. He was also voted Man of Steel twice as a Wigan player. <mask> was inducted into the Wigan Hall of Fame in 2007. Balmain (1988)
<mask>, the Great Britain captain, was signed by Sydney club Balmain Tigers to play the remaining rounds of the 1988 NSWRFL season for them once his representative commitments were fulfilled. In his first season with the club he helped them to the Grand Final in 1988 against Canterbury by defeating Penrith, Manly, Canberra as well as Cronulla in the preliminary finals.The preliminary final against Cronulla was a closely fought battle, until <mask> went to set up the try that would seal the victory for Balmain as they edged out their opponents 9–2, the win sending the club to their first Grand Final since 1969. The first half of the Grand Final was a tight contest as Balmain led 6–4 scoring due to a mistake from Canterbury  Jason Alchin. In the 26th minute, <mask> was wrapped up low by Andrew Farrar, and as he want to offload the ball, Terry Lamb hit Hanley with a high tackle that went unnoticed by the referee. He hit the ground in an awkward position and was concussed. He played no further part in the match, and his side went on to lose the game 24–12. Lamb said he was only looking to wrap the ball up and there was no intention. Lamb commented in his 1992 book that Balmain had key players such as Wayne Pearce, Ben Elias, Paul Sironen and Garry Jack that there was no chance to target one individual.Speaking to Inside Sport Magazine in August 2005, <mask> was asked:
What do you remember about that infamous tackle by Terry Lamb? "I don't know if it was caused by Terry Lamb, or if it was just my head hitting the ground. I couldn't tell you because I have never looked at it since. Some people have said Terry got a good shot on me. I suspect, however, it was more a case of my head hitting the ground. I like to think it was accidental. Afterwards, I was concussed and didn't know where I was.I didn't regain all my faculties immediately so, from a safety point of view, I had to come off the football field. It was a shame, but it is a physical game and sometimes things like that happen." Have you spoken to Lamb since then? "No, I never have. I have never bumped into him. I have to say I respect him as a footballer. I don't know him as a person, but by all accounts he is a good guy.Let me be clear that I have no malice towards him, none at all, regardless of the incident being deliberate or accidental." The New South Wales Rugby League, despite the media pressure, backed up Lamb's version of events and deemed he had no case to answer. Western Suburbs
In 1989, <mask> moved from Balmain to Western Suburbs. He played a total of thirteen games, scoring four tries for a total of sixteen points in his one and only season for the club. 1989 was also the year in which <mask> was awarded the Adidas Rugby League World Golden Boot Award, which was awarded to the world's most outstanding player. Leeds
In September 1991 at the age of 30, he joined Leeds as a player and coach for £250,000, and on his arrival at the club, was immediately appointed captain. He was selected to go on the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand, but his appearances were restricted by injury.Also in 1992 he played from the bench in Great Britain's defeat by Australia in the World Cup Final at Wembley. The 1993–94 season saw <mask> play in the Challenge Cup Final for the first time with Leeds. In the previous game, the Challenge Cup semi-final, Leeds faced St Helens at Central Park. <mask> scored two tries to put the club back on the big stage for the first time in sixteen years. In the Final, the club's opponents were <mask>'s former club Wigan. In front of an official attendance at Wembley of 78,348, Leeds were defeated 16–26 by Wigan. In the 1994–95 season, <mask> set a new world record for a forward, scoring 41 tries in a season.During that season, <mask> helped the club reach the Challenge Cup Final at Wembley for the second consecutive year. Ironically it was the same opponent that they faced a year earlier in the same competition final. In front of an attendance of 78,550 they were defeated, just as they had been a year earlier by their opponents, this time going down 30–10. Whilst playing for Leeds, the World League of American football was formed in 1991. It was reported that <mask> would play for the London Monarchs but this never materialised. Balmain (1996–97)
In 1996 and well past his prime, <mask> returned to the Australian club Balmain for his second spell with the club. <mask> stated that "I wanted to be respected by the Australians as well, because their game is so superior to ours."Representative career
<mask> won caps for England while at Bradford Northern in 1984 against Wales, while at Leeds in 1992 against Wales, and won caps for Great Britain while at Bradford Northern in 1984 against France (sub), France, Australia (3 matches), New Zealand (3 matches), and Papua New Guinea, in 1985 against France (2 matches), while at Wigan in 1985 against New Zealand (3 matches), in 1986 against France, and Australia, in 1987 against France (2 matches), and Papua New Guinea, in 1988 against France (2 matches), Papua New Guinea, Australia (3 matches), and New Zealand, in 1989 against France (2 matches), in 1990 against France, and Australia (3 matches), in 1991 against France (2 matches), while at Leeds in 1992 against Australia, in 1993 against France. Great Britain
He made his Great Britain début as a substitute, whilst still a Bradford Northern player, in January 1984 against France in Avignon. He was selected in the Great Britain squad in 1984 to tour to Australia and was one of the stars of the 1984 Ashes series, scoring a remarkable twelve tries playing mostly on the wing. In 1988, he became a regular member of the Great Britain team and was appointed captain. In the 1988 Ashes series, he led his side to victory over Australia for the first time in 10 seasons. Along the way he also scored eight tries. <mask> also toured Australia in 1992 for the Ashes series, but despite being captain of the squad, on the field he made only one appearance and played less than fifteen minutes in a minor tour match against Newcastle.In total he was capped 34 times by Great Britain. Coaching career
In 1994 following Mal Reilly's decision to step down as both Great Britain and Halifax coach to become coach of Australian club the Newcastle Knights, <mask> was appointed coach of the Great Britain Lions during the Ashes series against Australia during the 1994 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France. His appointment meant he had become the first black person to coach or manage a major national team in Great Britain. After a 12-man Lions team pulled off a gutsy 8–4 win in the first test at Wembley (following the first half send-off of captain Shaun Edwards for a high tackle), they lost the series when Australia won the second test 34–8 at Old Trafford, and 23–4 at Elland Road in Leeds. The 1994 Ashes series would prove to be <mask>'s only time as Great Britain coach. For the 1995 Rugby League World Cup held in England and Wales, Great Britain was not playing, with England and Wales competing instead. Also, <mask> had signed with the Australian Rugby League during the Super League war which began in 1995 while the RFL were aligned with the Super League.In 1999, he was appointed as the coach of St. Helens as the successor to Shaun McRae. In his first season as coach, he led St. Helens to the 1999 Super League Grand Final. His side defeated the Bradford Bulls, the club he began his professional playing career at, by 8–6 in October of that year. Whilst he harboured a strong desire to win, he could appear aloof and had several acrimonious disagreements with the St. Helens board of directors, which led to his suspension and eventual sacking as the manager of St Helens in 2000. Ian Millward was appointed as his successor. He switched to rugby union coaching and took up posts with Bristol Rugby, and in the England national set-up. He also got involved in the sport of squash before returning to rugby league as a coaching consultant with Castleford Tigers in 2004.He worked with Cas for just two months before leaving. On 14 December 2007 <mask> was unveiled as the coach of National League Two Club Doncaster. He resigned from that rôle on 28 September 2008, following Doncaster's successful promotion play-off campaign. Recognition
In January 1990 he was honoured with an MBE by the Queen for his services to rugby league. In October 2005, he was inducted into the Rugby Football League Hall of Fame. He is widely considered to be one of the greatest players in rugby league history. Outside rugby league
In 2009 <mask> was one of thirteen celebrities taking part in Dancing on Ice, partnered with Frankie Poultney.He was the sixth person to be eliminated from the show. Sources

External links
<mask> <mask> Statistics at wigan.rlfans.com
 Profile from 100 Great Black Britons
(archived by web.archive.org) <mask> <mask> at rugbyleaguehistory.co.uk
(archived by web.archive.org) <mask> <mask> at eraofthebiff.com
(archived by web.archive.org) When Britain defeated the Aussies
(archived by web.archive.org) The Millennium Masters – Forwards
(archived by web.archive.org) Bull Masters – <mask> <mask> MBE
(archived by web.archive.org) Wembley Stadium profile
(archived by web.archive.org) Profile at leedsrugby.dnsupdate.co.uk

1961 births
Living people
Balmain Tigers players
Black British sportspeople
Bradford Bulls players
Doncaster R.L.F.C. coaches
England national rugby league team coaches
England national rugby league team players
English people of Jamaican descent
English rugby league coaches
English rugby league players
Great Britain national rugby league team captains
Great Britain national rugby league team coaches
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Lance Todd Trophy winners
Leeds Rhinos players
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Rugby league centres
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league locks
Rugby league players from Leeds
Rugby league props
Rugby league utility players
Rugby league wingers
St Helens R.F.C. coaches
Western Suburbs Magpies players
Wigan Warriors captains
Wigan Warriors players

masks:
Cuthwyn Ellery
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Hanley
Ellery
Hanley
Ellery
Hanley
Ellery
Hanley
Ellery
Hanley


texts:
<mask> (born 5 January 1988) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey coach and former player. He serves as an assistant head coach of the Arizona State Sun Devils. He also is currently a real estate agent in the Scottsdale Arizona region. <mask>, playing as goaltender, played in Sweden for Leksands IF of the HockeyAllsvenskan and Brynäs IF of the Elitserien before moving to the National Hockey League (NHL) where he played for the Vancouver Canucks, Carolina Hurricanes, Calgary Flames and New Jersey Devils. After going undrafted in the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, he signed as a free agent with the Vancouver Canucks in 2010. He was assigned to the Manitoba Moose in his first season with the Canucks organization and was named to the  American Hockey League's 2010–11 All-Rookie Team. He is nicknamed "The Stork", in reference to his tall stature and long legs.Playing career

Sweden

<mask> spent his minor hockey career with his hometown team, Norrtälje IK. He also competed in two TV-pucken tournaments – an annual under-16 national competition – with Stockholm's second regional team. He entered the junior ranks with Djurgårdens IF's organization in 2004–05 and helped the club to a J18 Allsvenskan silver medal. Two years later, he joined Leksands IF at the J20 level. Läck made his professional debut with Leksands IF's men's team in the HockeyAllsvenskan, Sweden's second-highest league, appearing in three games in 2006–07. The following campaign, he appeared in 26 HockeyAllsvenskan games, recording a 1.96 goals against average (GAA), while still seeing playing time in junior. In 2008–09, he fully established himself with Leksands IF's professional team, outplaying former NHL goaltender Ed Belfour as the club's starter.He posted a 2.02 GAA and .930 save percentage in 32 games. Going into the 2009 NHL Entry Draft, he was ranked ninth among European goaltenders by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau, but went unselected. After three seasons with the Leksands IF organization, <mask> moved up to the Elitserien, Sweden's premiere league, signing a two-year contract with Brynäs IF on 6 July 2009. He made his Elitserien debut on 17 October, relieving Jacob Markström (who at the time was a Florida Panthers prospect) near the end of the first period. He stopped all 18 shots he faced in a 3–2 loss to Färjestad BK. Läck went on to play in 14 games as a backup to Markström, registering a 2.67 GAA and .911 save percentage. Manitoba Moose/Chicago Wolves

Läck's play garnered the attention of Vancouver Canucks scout Lars Lindgren and in the off-season, he was signed by the Canucks to a two-year, entry-level contract on 6 April 2010.He subsequently left Sweden to begin playing within the Canucks organization. Assigned to the Manitoba Moose, the Canucks' minor league affiliate, he made his American Hockey League (AHL) debut on 9 October, making 23 saves in a 5–2 win over the Rockford IceHogs. Competing for playing time with fellow Moose goaltender Tyler Weiman, Läck emerged as the team's starter, appearing in 53 games (28 wins, 21 losses and 4 overtime or shootout losses). With a 2.26 GAA (ranked seventh in the league) and .926 save percentage (fourth in the league), Läck was named to the AHL All-Rookie Team. During the 2011 Calder Cup playoffs, he helped the Moose to the second round, recording a 1.99 GAA and .932 save percentage in 12 games. Following the Manitoba's elimination to the Hamilton Bulldogs, Läck was called up to the Canucks on 13 May 2011, to travel and practice with the team as a playoff reserve. Vancouver advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals and lost to the Boston Bruins in seven games.Positioned behind Roberto Luongo and Cory Schneider (joint winners of the 2010–11 William M. Jennings Trophy) on the Canucks' depth chart, <mask> was assigned to the AHL for a second season in 2011–12. Due to the Winnipeg Jets' return to the NHL, the Moose franchise was relocated to St. John's, Newfoundland; as a result, the Canucks switched their AHL affiliation to the Chicago Wolves. <mask> made his Wolves debut on 8 October 2011, stopping 31 of 33 shots in a 3–2 shootout loss to the San Antonio Rampage. He recorded his first win and shutout with Chicago three games later on 21 October against the Rockford IceHogs. The following month, Läck was called up by Vancouver after starting goaltender Roberto Luongo sustained an injury. He dressed for his first NHL game on 16 November 2011, backing up Cory Schneider in a loss against the Chicago Blackhawks before being reassigned the following day. He finished the season in Chicago posting a 21–20–3 record with a 2.31 GAA and a .925 save percentage.By season's end, he, along with backup Matt Climie, helped set a Wolves franchise record for lowest team goals against average at 2.54. <mask>'s second season with the Wolves started slowly, as his numbers dropped significantly from the previous season. He had been playing with a hip flexor injury and a decision was made to rest him to allow the injury to heal. The injury eventually required surgery which ended Läck's season. He finished the year playing in 13 games posting a 7–4–1 record with a 3.00 GAA and an .899 save percentage. Vancouver Canucks

Läck was named the Canucks' backup goaltender to start the 2013–14 season, and made his first appearance – and recorded his first win – on 6 October 2013, with a 5–4 overtime win against the Calgary Flames. On 15 November, despite Läck having only made five NHL appearances to date, the Canucks re-signed him to a two-year contract extension worth a total of U.S.$2.3 million.He would record his first NHL shutout in his home ice debut against the Carolina Hurricanes on 9 December 2013. On 4 March 2014, starting goaltender Roberto Luongo was traded to the Florida Panthers, along with minor leaguer Steven Anthony, for Swedish goaltender Jacob Markström and forward Shawn Matthias, making <mask> and Markström (who played together for Brynäs IF) the goaltending tandem for the Canucks, and making Läck an NHL starter for the first time in his career. That summer, however, the Canucks signed Ryan Miller as their starter, but when Miller was hurt in late February 2015, Läck excelled and allowed the Canucks to maintain their playoff position, even starting the Canucks' first few playoff games. <mask> recorded his first Stanley Cup playoff victory 17 April 2015, with a 4–1 victory over the Calgary Flames. Läck remained in net until he was pulled in Game 4 in Calgary, at which point Miller returned. The Canucks went on to lose their first round matchup with Calgary in 6 games. Carolina Hurricanes
On 27 June 2015, Läck was traded to the Carolina Hurricanes at the 2015 NHL Entry Draft in exchange for a 2015 third round pick and a 2016 seventh round pick.Prior to making his debut with the Hurricanes, he was signed to a two-year $5.5 million contract extension through to 2018 on 3 October 2015. Calgary Flames
On 29 June 2017, <mask> was traded by the Hurricanes along with Ryan Murphy and a 2019 seventh-round pick to the Calgary Flames in exchange for prospect Keegan Kanzig and sixth-round pick in 2019. On 23 November 2017, <mask> was placed on waivers by the Flames with the intention of assigning him to the Flames' AHL affiliate, the Stockton Heat. He was later assigned to the Heat on 24 November 2017. New Jersey Devils
On 30 December 2017, <mask> was traded to the New Jersey Devils in exchange for defenceman Dalton Prout, and was immediately assigned to the team's AHL affiliate, the Binghamton Devils. He was recalled to the NHL on 4 February 2018, to replace Ken Appleby, and made his first start as a Devil on 11 February against the Boston Bruins. On 17 February 2018, Läck made a career-high 48 saves in a 4–3 win over the Tampa Bay Lightning.<mask> did not play any games for New Jersey during the 2018–19 season, only skating in a mere six games for Binghamton. He underwent hip surgery in December, effectively ending his season. On 30 March 2020, <mask> announced his retirement from professional hockey following a hiatus. International play

<mask> was added to Swedish national team in preparation for the 2017 IIHF World Championship in Germany/France. Originally slated in the backup role to Viktor Fasth, <mask> made his international debut in the round-robin stage, posting a 19-save shutout in a 2–0 victory over Latvia on 11 May 2017. With the addition of starting goaltender Henrik Lundqvist to the roster mid-tournament, <mask> was subsequently demoted as Sweden's third-choice. He didn't add to his debut game as Sweden claimed the gold medal in a 2–1 shootout victory over Canada on 21 May 2017.Coaching career and post-career
On 14 August 2019, <mask> announced that he would be taking a break from playing ice hockey to focus on rehabbing his hip injury, and accepted a position as goaltender coach for Arizona State University. Lack is now living in Scottsdale, Arizona with his wife Johanna where he is a real estate agent. Playing style
<mask> is a big goaltender who uses his size to his advantage looking through traffic to see the puck, and aggressively challenging shooters. Despite his size he has good lateral movement, covers the bottom of the net well, has good balance, and is positionally sound. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1988 births
Binghamton Devils players
Brynäs IF players
Calgary Flames players
Carolina Hurricanes players
Charlotte Checkers (2010–) players
Chicago Wolves players
Leksands IF players
Living people
Manitoba Moose players
New Jersey Devils players
People from Norrtälje
Stockton Heat players
Swedish expatriate ice hockey people
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Swedish ice hockey goaltenders
Swedish ice hockey players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Vancouver Canucks players

masks:
Eddie Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Eddie Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck
Läck


texts:
<mask> (June 25, 1912 – November 24, 1994) was the 40th governor of the Pennsylvania from 1971 to 1979 and the first Jewish governor of Pennsylvania. He was also the first governor of Pennsylvania to be eligible for, and re-elected to, consecutive four-year terms per the 1968 Pennsylvania Constitution. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Cleveland, Ohio, to Aaron Shapiro, a businessman and staunch Republican, and Eva (née Smelsey) Shapiro, a Democrat and outspoken suffragette. His family was Jewish, and all of his grandparents had emigrated from Eastern Europe. He attended the Case School of Applied Science. (In 1948, the Case School of Applied Science was renamed the Case Institute of Technology and in 1967 it federated with Western Reserve University to form Case Western Reserve University.) He graduated in 1933 with a degree in electrical engineering.Unfortunately, the effects of the Great Depression ravaged America, and <mask>, unable to find work in the engineering field, worked as a coal truck driver. In 1936, he took a job selling electronic parts and moved to Pennsylvania. It was during this time that he changed his name from Shapiro to <mask> to avoid prejudice, even though he continued to identify openly as being Jewish. Military and business careers
During World War II, <mask> served as an officer in the U.S. Army Signal Corps in North Africa and Europe. After World War II, he moved to Philadelphia and founded Jerrold Electronics Corporation, a pioneer in the cable television industry, using a $500 loan subsidized by the G.I. Bill. Jerrold became one of America's first providers of coaxial cable TV systems in 1948.Jerrold Electronics became a major player in the television industry, and <mask> himself amassed a multimillion-dollar fortune. <mask> sold his interest in Jerrold Electronics in 1967 to the General Instrument Company to concentrate on politics. The Jerrold name, however, continued to survive on cable TV reception equipment into the 1990s when it became obsolete when General Instrument (which acquired Jerrold in the interim) went out of business in 1997. Entrance into politics
<mask> entered the world of politics in 1960 by campaigning for John F. Kennedy for President of the United States. <mask> is "credited with promoting the idea that eventually led to the creation of the Peace Corps." After Kennedy was elected President, <mask> served as an advisor to the Peace Corps as well as consultant to the Secretary of Commerce. Pennsylvania gubernatorial elections
In 1966, he sought the Democratic nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania.The party in Pennsylvania was deeply divided that year and the party organization endorsed Robert P. Casey for the office. <mask>'s large personal fortune allowed him to run an independent campaign, and he capitalized on an anti-establishment mood among Democrats and won the Democratic primary by about 50,000 votes with a slogan portraying him as "The Man Against The Machine." Campaign against Penn Central
At the time, <mask> was heavily involved in unsuccessfully trying to stop the merger of the Pennsylvania Railroad with the New York Central. He invested millions of dollars of his own money into the effort, traveling throughout Pennsylvania to convince local officials to oppose the merger. He pushed the issue into the federal courts and testified against the proposed merger in front of the Interstate Commerce Commission. The issue was prominent during his first run for governor in 1966. In the process, he made several enemies.Stuart T. Saunders, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad, opposed <mask> at every turn. Friendly with the Lyndon Johnson administration, Saunders influenced Washington Democrats to sabotage the <mask> campaign. Annenberg's opposition
Walter Annenberg, owner and publisher of The Philadelphia Inquirer and major shareholder of the Pennsylvania Railroad, used the pages of The Inquirer to cast doubt on <mask>'s candidacy. The opposition from Annenberg-owned media and the Democratic political establishment helped contribute to <mask>'s narrow loss that year to Republican Raymond P. Shafer. Governor of Pennsylvania

As the 1970 election approached, Governor Shafer was term-limited under existing Pennsylvania law, which prohibited self-succession by him, and could neither run for re-election nor take advantage of the amended Commonwealth Constitution ratified in 1968. Furthermore, a fiscal crisis during his term plunged his popularity to a low point, hurting Republican chances of retaining the office. <mask> again sought the Democratic nomination and again defeated Robert P. Casey to win the Democratic nomination.Of his nemeses from the last election, Walter Annenberg had sold the Inquirer to Knight Newspapers, Inc. a year earlier prior to his appointment as Ambassador to the United Kingdom, while Stuart Saunders had vanished from the political scene as Penn Central entered bankruptcy in 1970. This time <mask> won the election to become Governor of Pennsylvania over Republican Raymond J. Broderick, the then incumbent lieutenant governor and later a well-respected federal judge, by over 500,000 votes. Gubernatorial reforms
During <mask>'s time in office, he solved a financial crisis by instituting Pennsylvania's flat, no-deductions income tax. He also signed into law the bill creating the Pennsylvania Lottery and instituted major reforms for the Pennsylvania Turnpike. The Governor oversaw new consumer rights legislation, welfare reform, and insurance reform including the controversial decision to enact no-fault insurance legislation in the state. In the wake of the Watergate crisis, he established a sweeping Sunshine Law for the state, the most comprehensive of any state at the time. He also faced a massive recovery effort after Hurricane Agnes caused widespread flooding in the state causing the death of 48 Pennsylvanians.The flooding was so bad and so rapid that Governor <mask> and his wife, Muriel, had to be rescued from the gubernatorial mansion in Harrisburg by boat as flood waters from the Susquehanna River inundated the building. Second term
During the Shafer gubernatorial administration, the Commonwealth Constitution had been amended to change the permitted lengths of governors' administrations from one term to the present-day maximum of two consecutive terms at a time, with at least one term required between such gubernatorial administrations. As <mask> was not term-limited, he successfully sought re-election as governor, winning by a large majority over his Republican opponent, Drew Lewis, in the election of 1974. He set his sights on the White House and ran unsuccessfully for the 1976 Democratic nomination for president, but failed to carry even his home state of Pennsylvania in the primary elections, and dropped out after an 89-day campaign. After that defeat, he settled into a lame-duck term as governor, enacting no further significant reforms. He opposed capital punishment and vetoed an attempt to restore it in Pennsylvania in 1974. The legislature, however, overrode the veto and reinstated the death penalty.Later years and death
In his last years, <mask> suffered from Alzheimer's disease, and died from complications of it on November 24, 1994, at the age of 82. After his death, the Motorola corporation established the <mask> Memorial Scholarship Fund, an engineering scholarship, in <mask>'s honor. Motorola was the successor corporation to General Instrument, the company that had acquired Shapp's firm in 1967. References

External links
<mask> J<mask> Papers at the Pennsylvania State Archives

1912 births
1994 deaths
Jewish American military personnel
American manufacturing businesspeople
United States Army personnel of World War II
Businesspeople from Cleveland
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Neurological disease deaths in Pennsylvania
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Pennsylvania
Jewish American state governors of the United States
Pennsylvania Democrats
Politicians from Cleveland
United States Army officers
Candidates in the 1976 United States presidential election
Jewish American candidates for President of the United States
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Milton Jerrold Shapp
Shapp
Milton Jerrold Shapiro
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Shapp
Milton Jerropp
Shapp
Milton
. Shapp


texts:
<mask> (30 October 1905 – 14 April 1981), also known as Baron von Schunck, was a British composer and author. Early life and family
He was born in Leeds as <mask>, the son of Mary Gertrude Illingworth (1871-1952) and John Edward, Baron von Schunk (1869–1940), a landowner who renounced his title before the First World War. <mask>'s paternal grandfather, Edward, Baron von Schunck, had been born in Leipzig, part of an old German family that had, since 1715, held a Barony in the Holy Roman Empire (Freiherr). He settled in Britain and married Kate Lupton, who had been born into the progressive, land-owning and political Lupton family and educated at the school of her relative Rachel Martineau. Edward died in 1889. Kate survived him until 1913, the eve of the First World War, and insisted in her will that their only son – John Edward, Baron von Schunck – change his surname to that of her father, <mask>, the former Mayor of Leeds. Thus he and his children acquired by Royal Licence the surname <mask>.<mask>'s father, John Edward, had two sisters; one of  whom – Florence von Schunck – had married Albert Kitson, 2nd Baron Airedale of Gledhow Hall, near Leeds in 1890. Baroness von Schunck (née Kate Lupton, d. 1913), lived at the adjacent Gledhow Wood Estate which was where she  hosted the wedding breakfast of her daughter and son-in-law. The family was extremely well-off and he was educated at home by a governess until he was nine, when he began composing; his musical talents being "obvious" by the time he went up to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1924. <mask>'s teachers included Charles Wood and Cyril Rootham at Cambridge, and Harry Farjeon at the Royal Academy of Music, where he became friendly with his fellow student Walter Leigh. In 1928 he also spent a year studying with Max Butting in Berlin. Career and composition
<mask> first came to the general public's attention as a composer on 30 March 1927 when his parents financed a whole evening of music for their 21-year-old son at the Grotrian Hall in London. Although he had been receiving other performances independently (including one of his Octet at the same hall four days earlier), the event had the unintended effect of straining his relationships with other composers and critics.Peter Warlock and Cecil Gray in particular went along to disrupt the proceedings, viewing it as an example of unmerited privilege. The concert included his first string quartet, op 23, and the highly chromatic first piano sonata, op 33 (both composed in 1925). The project was widely criticised in the press - the critic in The Times wrote: "it does not amuse us to listen to his amateur modernisms, and we decline to take him seriously until he has shown that he has mastered the laws of music" - and the criticism prompted <mask>'s further course of study in Berlin with Max Butting from 1928. The influence of Butting on <mask> is clear: Butting believed that "music is the expression of social perceptions" and (like <mask> in later life) his composition style showed a dualism of musical thought between austere uncompromising atonalism (as in the Symphony No 3 of 1928) and a more transparent, simplified style intended for mass consumption over the radio (as in the Sinfonietta, also 1928). After a short spell teaching at Stowe School, <mask> turned to journalism, while continuing to compose. But he had to wait until the mid-1930s before his music started to gain performances and a greater level of interest. The BBC Symphony Orchestra played his Viola Concerto with soloist Bernard Shore (who commissioned the work) conducted by Iris Lemare, on 15 April 1936.On 4 February 1938 the same orchestra played Swansong, five songs for soprano and orchestra, setting poems by Robert Nichols, with soloist May Blyth and Constant Lambert conducting. 1939 saw his first real critical success with a performance of the forward-looking Five Orchestral Pieces at the International Society for Contemporary Music Festival in Warsaw. In July 1940 <mask>'s book You and Music was published as one of the new sixpenny Pelican series of mass-market non-fiction paperbacks aimed at general readers (it is No 68). Reviews were generally positive until Percy Scholes (in a May 1941 Musical Times essay) catalogued so many serious and obvious errors (such as “Binary form may be represented by A.B.A.”) that he presented the work as an elaborate joke to trap unwary reviewers. Perhaps the most interesting part of the book, beyond the non-technical explanations of music history, theory, form and orchestration, is the criticisms it contains of modern music. For instance, <mask> challenges the term "English Musical Renaissance", feeling England had produced "no composer of international consequence" in that period. <mask> joined the Communist Party of Great Britain in 1941.His Communist views led to an abrupt simplification of his musical language as he searched for a more popular, accessible style, but his views may have later hurt his popularity and led to his becoming relatively obscure. The BBC would not broadcast his 1942 cantata Ballad of Freedom (words by Randall Swingler) for reasons of national security. But the overture Stalingrad chimed well enough with the country's sympathies at the time, and received its premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in March 1943. For a few years towards the end of the war <mask> scored a series of patriotic documentary films for the war effort, such as A Harbour Goes to France, produced by the Ministry of Information in 1944, later the basis of the orchestral suite Atlantic. After the war, <mask>'s works included the cantata Jet Pilot and the opera Fantasy Fair, both examples of his more populist style. But disillusioned by his lack of recognition he turned his back on composition from the mid-1950s for two decades. Then came a remarkable renewal (and the return of his dissonant, avant garde style) including the Concerto for Orchestra (1970–73), the String Quartet No 4 (1973) and the Symphony No 4 (1975-8), which had its premiere in September 1981, six months after the composer's death.Very few recordings have been issued. Peter Donohoe is the soloist on the Concertino for Piano in C major (1948), accompanied by the strings of the Northern Sinfonia. Other than that there are private recordings of the radio broadcasts of the Concerto for Orchestra and the Symphony No 4. Personal life
<mask> met his first wife, the artist Joan Mary Bell (1905–2001), while he was in Germany. They married in November 1929 and had two sons. While working in civil defence during the war, he suffered a fall that some have interpreted as a suicide attempt, after which his marriage failed. <mask> then had an affair with the writer Elisabeth Balchin (later Ayrton), the wife of novelist Nigel Balchin.Balchin responded by caricaturing <mask> in his 1945 novel Mine Own Executioner. (In the novel the character Stephen is a self-centred poet described as “big and handsome and haunted and so like a creative artist that you wouldn’t have thought he’d have the nerve to go around looking like that.”) He married his second wife, the dancer Vera Blanche Martin, in 1953. Jet Pilot was written to commemorate the death of her son, John Anstee Martin, in a flying accident. English classical composers
20th-century classical composers
English communists
1905 births
1981 deaths
Musicians from Leeds
Barons of the Holy Roman Empire
English people of German descent
English film score composers
English male film score composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music

masks:
Philip Christian Darnton
Philip Christian von Schunck
Christian
Darnton Lupton
Darnton
Christian Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Darnton
Christian Darnton
Darnton
Darnton


texts:
<mask> usually known as <mask>u (; 23 June 175028 November 1801) was a French geologist. The mineral and the rock dolomite and the largest summital crater on the Piton de la Fournaise volcano were named after him. Biography
<mask> was born in Dauphiné, France, one of 11 children of Marie-<mask> and her husband, the <mask>u. As a child young Déodat showed considerable intellectual potential and special interest in the natural surroundings of his home in the Alps of southeastern France. De Dolomieu began his military career in the Sovereign and Military Order of the Knights of Saint John (also called the Knights Hospitaller or the Knights of Malta) at the age of 12. His association with the Maltese order caused him difficulties throughout his life, beginning with a duel, which he fought at the age of 18, when he killed a fellow member of the order. For this infraction he was sentenced to life in prison but due to the intercession of Pope Clement XIII he was released after only one year.Career
During the years prior to the French Revolution Dolomieu took full part in the intellectual ferment of France and the rest of Europe. He maintained numerous social contacts among the nobility and although he never married, Dolomieu had something of a reputation as a ladies' man. Through his friend and mentor, the <mask> La Rochefoucauld, Dolomieu was made a corresponding member of the Royal Academy of Sciences. He spent his spare time taking scientific excursions throughout Europe collecting mineral specimens and visiting mining areas. His particular interests included mineralogy, volcanology, and the origin of mountain ranges. Although Dolomieu was greatly interested in volcanoes, he became convinced that water played a major role in shaping the surface of the Earth through a series of prehistoric, catastrophic events. Dolomieu was not a uniformitarian geologist.He has been described as a "non-actualistic catastrophist". His contemporary, James Hutton, did not publish the principle of uniformitarianism until 1795. Dolomieu was an observationalist and spent much of his time collecting and categorizing geological data. Unlike Hutton, no scientific principles or theories are credited to him, although he left his permanent mark on geology in another way: that is by discovering the mineral dolomite that would be named after him. Geology of the Dolomites

During one of his voyages to the Alps of Tyrol (today part of northeastern Italy) Dolomieu discovered a calcareous rock which, unlike limestone, did not effervesce with weak hydrochloric acid. He published these observations in 1791 in the well-known French science magazine Journal de Physique. In March 1792, the rock was named dolomie (or dolomite, in English) by Nicolas-Théodore <mask>mieu, as do the Dolomites, the mountain range of northeastern Italy. Dolomieu was not the first to describe the mineral dolomite. Carl Linnaeus was likely the first to note the fact that this rock resembled limestone but does not effervesce with dilute acid. In his book Oryctographia Carniola, oder physikalische Erdbeschreibung des Herzogthums Krain, Istrien und zum Theil der benachbarten Länder, published by Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf in 1778, the Austrian naturalist Belsazar Hacquet also observed this distinction between limestone and a rock that Hacquet described as lapis suillus. The two men met in Laibach in 1784, when Dolomieu visited Sigmund Zois. However, Hacquet was well aware of the fact that the description of a limestone that would not effervesce with acid (and therefore had to be different from normal limestone) by the famous Carl Linnaeus in 1768 preceded his own. On p. 5 of the second volume of his Oryctographia Carniola, which appeared in 1781, Hacquet stated that the white powder he had found near the town of Vorle ("unterm Teil der Oberkrain") a white powder that strongly resembled limestone but would not react with dilute hydrochloric acid, reminded him of the marmor tardum described by Linnaeus.Knights of Malta
In addition to his scientific activities <mask> continued to advance in rank in the Knights of Malta and was promoted to commander in 1780. However, he continued to have difficulties because his liberal political leanings were unpopular among the conservative nobility who controlled the Order. <mask> retired from active military service in 1780 to devote all of his time to travels and scientific work. French Revolution
<mask> was at first a strong partisan of the French Revolution, which began in 1789. However, the murder of his friend the Duc <mask> Rochefoucauld, a near-escape from the guillotine, and the beheading of several of his relatives, turned him against the revolution. During this time <mask> became a supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1795, having lost his fortune in the revolution, <mask> accepted the position of professor of natural sciences at the École Centrale Paris and started to write the mineralogical section of the Encyclopédie Méthodique.The following year he was appointed inspector of mines and professor at the École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, where his portrait still hangs in the library. His extensive mineral collection is today housed at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle of Paris. Bonaparte era
By 1798 De Dolomieu had developed an international reputation as one of the leading geologists in the world and was invited to join the scientific expedition accompanying Bonaparte's invasion of Egypt, as part of the natural history and physics section of the Institut d'Égypte. In March 1799 Dolomieu became ill and was forced to leave Alexandria, Egypt for France. His ship, caught in a storm, sought refuge at the port of Taranto, Italy where Dolomieu was made a prisoner of war. General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, the father of Alexandre Dumas, the author, was also captured and held. The city was part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, which was then at war with France.Dolomieu had previously made a powerful enemy of the grand master of the Maltese order when he helped negotiate the surrender of the island of Malta to Napoleon. The grand master denounced Dolomieu and he was transferred to Messina, Sicily, and imprisoned under horrible conditions, in solitary confinement, for the next 21 months. The imprisonment of a world-famous scientist, under such conditions, was abhorrent to the intellectual community of Europe. Even the scientific community of England (which was at war with France) protested the confinement. Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, attempted to negotiate Dolomieu’s release through the pope. Napoleon, who was first consul of France at the time, felt that asking for such an intervention by the pope would be dishonorable. The future emperor's approach to the problem was more direct.In the spring of 1800 Napoleon led the French army into Italy, delivering a crushing blow to the Austrians and their Italian allies on 14 June at the Battle of Marengo. All of Italy then came within Napoleon's sphere. One of the terms dictated by Napoleon in the peace treaty of Florence (March 1801) was the immediate release of Dolomieu. Upon his liberation Dolomieu resumed his scientific studies and field excursions. But his health, broken by the long imprisonment in Sicily, gave way during a trip to the Alps. <mask> <mask> died on 28 November 1801 at the home of his sister at Châteauneuf. Works

Legacy
Dr. George F. Kunz wrote about his contributions to mineralogy.Dolomieu's student and famous naturalist Jean-Baptiste Bory <mask>-Vincent gave his name in 1801 to the largest summital crater of the Piton de la Fournaise volcano on the French island of Réunion, the cratère Dolomieu. References

Bibliography

1750 births
1801 deaths
People from Dolomieu, Isère
French geologists
Catastrophism
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Knights of Malta

masks: Dienné Sylvain Guy Tancrde de Gratet de Dolomieu


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<mask> (born November 12, 1984) is an American professional mixed martial artist, currently competing in Titan FC's Lightweight division. A professional competitor since 2005, <mask> has also formerly competed for Bellator and King of the Cage. <mask> was born in Memphis, the third youngest in a family of nine children. At the age of two, his parents divorced resulting in him and his siblings moving in and out of relatives' homes in different regions of the country. While living in South Memphis, <mask> quickly learned to defend himself, being biracial, poor, and having a speech impediment until high school. <mask> also participated in wrestling for three years, excelling at the sport for Hellgate High School in Montana, where he graduated from. <mask> frequented a local boxing gym and also competed in a few amateur mixed martial arts fights before becoming a professional.<mask> stated in a Bellator interview that when he was growing up he went through a "bad kid" phase. His best friend at the time got into an altercation with a former University of Montana basketball player and he and the rest of his friends came to get <mask>, the "tough kid" on the block. They avenged their friend by going to the kid's house and beating him up badly. Woodward said this was the "breaking point" of his life. Although <mask> did not actually participate in the fight, he was convicted of felony burglary and violated his probation after getting in more altercations. After revoking his probation he ended up in a prison boot camp. He added, "I'm glad it happened because I could control my feelings a lot better and have more control of my life."Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask>'s first amateur MMA match was on March 19, 2005, and he quickly amassed a 4-1 record. <mask> made his professional MMA debut on October 11, 2008 and has made a name for himself by being a "scrappy fighter" with "unorthodox" submission skills. Before signing with Bellator, <mask> amassed a perfect 10-0 record. Bellator
<mask> is currently signed to Bellator, competing in their Lightweight division. <mask> made his Bellator debut at Bellator 36 on March 12, 2011, where he defeated Carey Vanier via TKO. <mask> lost for the first time in his career by decision to future Bellator Lightweight Champion Michael Chandler as a Lightweight semifinalist in the Bellator Season Tournament. In the quarter finals of Bellator's Season 6 Lightweight Tournament, <mask> faced Patricky Freire at Bellator 62.<mask> defeated Freire via submission in a back-and-forth fight. On April 20, 2012, <mask> faced Rick Hawn in the semifinals. <mask> lost the bout via knockout in the second round. <mask> then participated in the Bellator Season 8 Lightweight Tournament Quarterfinals on January 31, 2013 at Bellator 87 against David Rickels. <mask> lost via unanimous decision. Post-Bellator
<mask> faced Dave Courchaine at ICF: Intense Cage Fighting 8 on March 22, 2013. <mask> lost via split decision, his third loss in a row.<mask> rebounded with a first-round TKO victory against Jerome Jones at KOTC: Unleashed on February 13, 2014. <mask> is currently signed to Titan Fighting Championship. He made his debut for the organization against Kurt Holobaugh in a Titan FC Featherweight title eliminator bout on August 22, 2014 at Titan FC 29. He lost via TKO in just 15 seconds of round one. <mask> was expected to face Danny White at GCMMA: Magic City Mayhem 4 on October 14, 2014. However, the bout was cancelled for unknown reasons. Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|15–7
|Jake Roberts
|TKO (punches)
|Intense Fighting Championship 24
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|N/A
|Great Falls, Montana, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|15–6
|Billy Martin
|Submission (rear-naked choke)
|Fusion Fight League: Redemption
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:06
|Billings, Montana, United States
|Catchweight (180 lbs) bout.

masks:
Lloyd Woodard
Woodard
Background Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
Lloyd Woodard
Woodard
Woodard
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Woodard
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Woodard


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Harry Arthur "<mask>" <mask> (December 1, 1912 – August 10, 1990) was an American professional baseball player, coach, and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a third baseman from 1934 to 1947. <mask> started his major league career with the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1934. After the 1936 season, he was traded to the Brooklyn Dodgers and was a National League (NL) All-Star from 1938 to 1941. He then missed four full seasons due to World War II service in the United States Navy. He returned to the Dodgers and finished his MLB career with them in 1946 and 1947. <mask> is best-known for his performance in game four of the 1947 World Series, when he drove home the winning run with a double while New York Yankees pitcher Bill Bevens was one out away from throwing what would have been the first no-hitter in World Series history.After his playing career ended, <mask> became a coach. He was the last manager of the American League Washington Senators, from 1957 through 1960, and the first manager of the Minnesota Twins when the Senators relocated there for the 1961 season. Early playing career
<mask>, the son of a trash hauler, was born in Oakland, California, in 1912. <mask> started his professional baseball career with the Oakland Oaks of the Pacific Coast League in 1933. A ,  right-handed batter and thrower, he was nicknamed "Cookie" after the Oaks general manager <mask> Devincenzi. In September 1933, <mask> was traded to the National League's Pittsburgh Pirates. He was a part-time player for the Pirates from 1934 to 1936, never playing more than 87 games in a season.Brooklyn Dodgers
In December 1936, the Pirates traded <mask> to the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was a full-time player for the Dodgers from 1937 to 1941 and made the NL All-Star team four straight years from 1938 to 1941. Among <mask>'s best seasons was 1939, when he set career-highs with 153 games played, a .300 batting average, 10 home runs, 93 runs scored, and 87 runs batted in (RBI); his 87 RBI ranked sixth in the league. On September 23 of that year, he went 6-for-6 in the second game of a doubleheader in a 22–4 win over the Philadelphia Phillies. <mask> helped the Dodgers win the 1941 NL championship and played in his first World Series, which the Dodgers lost to the New York Yankees. He then joined the United States Navy during World War II and missed the next four seasons from 1942 to 1945. After the war ended, <mask> rejoined the Dodgers and spent the 1946 and 1947 seasons with them as a part-time player.The Dodgers won the 1947 NL pennant and again faced the Yankees in the World Series. In game four, played on October 3 at Ebbets Field, Yankees pitcher Bill Bevens had a no-hitter with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning and was ahead 2–1. No one had ever pitched a no-hitter in a World Series before. However, two runners were on base from Bevens' ninth and tenth walks of the game. <mask> was then summoned by Dodgers manager Burt Shotton to pinch-hit for Eddie Stanky. With no balls and one strike, Lavagetto cracked an opposite-field double off the right field wall to break up the no-hitter and score the two Dodger runners (pinch runners Al Gionfriddo and Eddie Miksis) to win the game for Brooklyn, 3–2. <mask> was the first player to end a World Series game with a hit when his team was one out away from losing the game; the only other player to ever accomplish that feat was Kirk Gibson in 1988.<mask>'s game-winning double tied the series at two games apiece. It ended up being <mask>'s only hit of the series and his last as a major league player. The Yankees defeated the Dodgers in seven games. In May 1948, the Dodgers released <mask>. He finished his MLB career with a .269 batting average, 945 hits, 183 doubles, 37 triples, 40 home runs, 487 runs scored, and 486 RBI in 1,043 games played. In the 2001 book The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract, writer Bill James ranked Lavagetto as the 92nd greatest third baseman in baseball history. Major league coach
<mask> returned to Oakland and finished his playing career with the Oaks (1948–1950), where he was a mentor to a young Billy Martin.When Oakland manager Chuck Dressen was named the field leader of the Dodgers in 1951, <mask> accompanied him and returned to Brooklyn as one of his coaches. He was an aide to Dressen with Brooklyn (1951–1953) and the Pacific Coast League Oaks (1954), and followed him a third time as a member of the coaching staff when Dressen became manager of the Washington Senators in 1955. Manager of the Senators/Twins
On May 7, 1957, with the Senators in last place, Dressen was fired and Lavagetto named as his successor. The team improved slightly, but finished last in 1957, 1958, and 1959. Finally, in 1960, <mask>'s Senators rose to fifth place in the eight-team American League. The club featured promising young players such as Harmon Killebrew, Jim Kaat, Earl Battey, and Bob Allison, as well as veteran pitcher Camilo Pascual, just entering his prime. However, the Senators' encouraging 1960 season came too late to keep the franchise in Washington; owner Calvin Griffith moved the club to Minneapolis–Saint Paul, where it became the Minnesota Twins in 1961.<mask> was the first manager in Twins history, but he did not finish the 1961 season. With the Twins mired in ninth place in the new ten-team AL, he took a seven-game leave of absence on June 5 and then returned to the helm on the 13th, but was fired on June 23 with the club still in ninth place. He was replaced by coach Sam Mele, under whom the Twins became pennant contenders in 1962 (finishing in second place to the Yankees) and pennant winners in 1965. <mask>, as manager for the so-called "Griffs", won 271 games and lost 384 (.414). Later life
<mask> then returned to the coaching ranks with the New York Mets (1962–1963), and — back home in the Bay Area — the San Francisco Giants (1964–1967) before leaving baseball. <mask> died in his sleep at his home in Orinda, California, in 1990 at the age of 77. See also
List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders

References

External links

Oakland Oaks
Sporting News' Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments: <mask> Crumbles Bevens
Bill Bevens No-Hit Bid in '47 World Series
Audio – <mask> <mask> breaks up Bill Bevens' No-Hit Bid in 1947 World Series

1912 births
1990 deaths
American people of Italian descent
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Oakland, California
Brooklyn Dodgers coaches
Brooklyn Dodgers players
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Major League Baseball third basemen
Minnesota Twins managers
National League All-Stars
New York Mets coaches
Oakland Oaks (baseball) players
People from Orinda, California
Pittsburgh Pirates players
San Francisco Giants coaches
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Washington Senators (1901–1960) coaches
Washington Senators (1901–1960) managers

masks: Cookie Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Cookie Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Lavagetto Cookie Cookie Lavagetto


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<mask>-Hindi (1927 -2016) was a Syrian politician and activist. He co-founded the Arab Nationalist Movement with George Habash and served in the cabinet of Salah al-Din al-Bitar in 1963. Early life
Hindi was born in Damascus to a prominent family from the city. His father, Colonel Mahmoud al-Hindi, had served as an officer in the Sharifian army during the 1916 Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman rule in the region, and in the Iraqi Army. Hindi's father was dismissed as a result of his participation in the failed revolt in Iraq by Rashid Ali al-Gaylani in 1941. Hindi himself enlisted in the Arab Salvation Army during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in Palestine. At the time he was enrolled at the American University in Beirut (AUB).It was during the war that Hindi grew resentful at the abject performance of Arab armies against the Israelis, which he blamed principally on Arab disunity and collusion with the Zionists and the British government, which had controlled Palestine between 1917 and 1947. It was at the AUB where Hindi met fellow student George Habash. The latter's family was expelled from Palestine during the war and both men's experiences in that conflict left them resentful. Intent on avenging Arab losses during the 1948 war, Hindi helped form a secretive militant group called the Battalion of the Arab Sacrifice  (BAS) in 1949 with other Syrian activists and exiled members of the Young Egypt Party. Led by Tawfiq al-Hakim, the group offered military training and carried out a number of attacks against British and American targets in Damascus and Beirut, and a synagogue, but failed to hit their most sought after targets: King Abdullah of Jordan and Prime Minister Nuri as-Said of Iraq. Arab Nationalist Movement

Early years
In 1949, Hindi also joined The Firmest Bond student society in the AUB, initially editing its newspaper, and by 1950 becoming its virtual head, along with Habash. Hindi left BAS in the spring of 1950, disillusioned by its random violent methods and preferring to develop a broader military campaign against the Israelis from across Arab borders.Hindi took particular inspiration from the Haganah, the chief Zionist paramilitary organization that later became the Israeli Army, and the Muslim Brotherhood's secret apparatus, impressed by the groups' organizational skills and discipline. Before leaving BAS, he approached Michel Aflaq, leader of the Ba'ath Party, to turn BAS into the party's armed wing, but was turned down. When BAS's Young Egypt members unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Syrian strongman Adib al-Shishakli and prominent socialist leader Akram al-Hawrani in 1950, Hindi was briefly detained by the authorities, although he had no involvement in the plots. Through their leadership positions in the student society, Hindi and Habash befriended other members of the grouping, including Wadie Haddad, Muhsin Ibrahim and Ahmed al-Khatib, from Palestine, Lebanon and Kuwait, respectively. The five associates formed the founding core of the Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), which was established in 1951-52 after their student society federated with numerous other Arab nationalist student groups from Syria, Lebanon and Jordan. The ANM's chief goals were the liberation of Palestine, ending Western imperialist influence in the Arab world, and Arab unification. The ANM's weekly paper Al-Ra'i was shut down in Jordan in 1951, although Hindi reopened it from Damascus in January 1955.By then, the movement had grown little, having much of its potential membership sapped by other nationalist parties, namely the Ba'ath and al-Hawrani's Arab Socialist Party, which merged in the mid-1950s. Only between 1956 and 1957 did the ANM's membership increase significantly, particularly among teachers and students at Palestinian refugee camps, and to an extent the Jordanian middle class. The ANM established a military around that time under Hindi's leadership and in cooperation with the Syrian intelligence chief Abd al-Hamid Sarraj. Hindi facilitated the military training of volunteers at Palestinian-Syrian army camp in Harasta. The faction participated in the 1958 Lebanese conflict, fighting alongside Arab nationalists in Tyre and Tripoli. Alliance with Nasser
The ANM dissolved its branches in Syria and Gaza Strip in line with the single-party system established by Gamal Abdel Nasser's United Arab Republic (UAR), but kept it other branch offices open. While the ANM did not establish relations with Nasser during the UAR period, following Syria's secession from the union in 1961, the ANM cultivated ties with the Egyptian president, who became their patron.Hindi fled to Lebanon after the secessionist coup, where he and Habash worked to rebuild the organization. Hindi visited Nasser in Cairo in 1962 and became a crucial link between Nasser and Syria's new rulers, with whom Hindi had familial ties. He conducted low-key mediation between the two sides and was rewarded by Nasser's deputy Abdel Hakim Amer with a pledge of military assistance. Ties between Syria and Egypt did not improve and the ANM was involved in the failed March 1962 coup against the Syrian government, although only to a small extent. The ANM also had minor involvement in the successful 1963 Syrian coup d'etat by a Ba'athist-Nasserist alliance that toppled President Nazim al-Qudsi. The ANM was awarded with two seats on the National Council of the Revolutionary Command (NCRC), one of which was occupied by Hindi, who served the post of communications minister. The NCRC was the transitional government put in place following the coup.Syria and Egypt entered into reunification talks soon after the coup, but the agreement was cancelled in April following purges against Nasserists in the military, prompting Nasserist ministers, including Hindi, to resign. On 19 July, the ANM collaborated with Nasserist officer Jassem Alwan to topple the Ba'athist government, although its regular members had little knowledge or involvement in the plan. Hindi was in regular contact with Alwan and his co-conspitators and acted as their emissary with Nasser and Egyptian intelligence. The coup attempt was violently put down, and the participants arrested or executed. Hindi fled Syria for Lebanon and the ANM's power in Syria deteriorated. In 1964, the ANM held a National Conference in Beirut that gathered representatives of the movement throughout the Arab world. By then, the ANM had several branches across the region with growing membership, largely because of the group's association with Nasser.The movement's relationship with Nasser's government was discussed at the conference, with some members led by Muhsin Ibrahim of Lebanon advocating the ANM's complete submergence into the wider Nasserist movement, while Hindi led the skeptics in the ANM who felt Nasserism had been much weakened by the Syrian secession. A compromise was reached where the ANM would ultimately maintain its existing organs and organization with Hindi, Muhsin and younger leaders such as Nayef Hawatmeh all made part of the ten-member ANM National Command. In addition, Hindi, Habash and Ibrahim were elected to serve as tripartite general secretariat of the ANM. Following their election, Hindi and his colleagues proposed that Nasser head a pan-Arab organization consisting of all Arab nationalist groupings in the Arab world, in which the ANM would merge, but Nasser turned them down. The ANM's activities were largely paralyzed in 1966 due to inter-organizational tensions between Hindi and Habash's faction which sought to limit unilateral military action against Israel without Arab backing, the far left faction led by Hawatmeh and Ibrahim, and the faction that pushed for immediate attacks against Israel. Following the decisive defeat of Egypt and Syria in the June 1967 Six-Day War, the ANM's credibility among Palestinians was dealt a blow. Hindi and Habash subsequently increased their efforts to establish a strong a military wing.References

Bibliography

American University of Beirut alumni
Arab Nationalist Movement
Nasserists
People from Damascus
Syrian Arab nationalists
Syrian ministers of communication
Syrian people of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War
Syrian socialists
Burials at Sahab Cemetery