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<mask> (née Caputo, born May 10, 1963) is an American aeronautical engineer, and former NASA astronaut and United States Navy captain. Nowak served as naval flight officer and test pilot in the Navy, and was selected by NASA for NASA Astronaut Group 16 in 1996, qualifying as a mission specialist in robotics. She flew in space aboard  during the STS-121 mission in July 2006, when she was responsible for operating the robotic arms of the shuttle and the International Space Station. In 2007, Nowak was involved in an incident that led to her being removed from NASA and the Navy. Born in Washington, D.C., <mask> graduated from the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, in 1985. She was assigned to VAQ-34 at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where she flew the EA-7L Corsair and ERA-3B Skywarrior. She earned a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California.In 1993 she was selected to attend the U.S. Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland. After graduation, she remained at Patuxent River, flying in the F/A-18 Hornet and EA-6B Prowler. During her Navy career she logged over 1,500 hours in more than 30 aircraft and was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy Achievement Medal. In February 2007, <mask> was arrested in Orlando, Florida, after she accosted and pepper-sprayed  Colleen Shipman, a U.S. Air Force captain romantically involved with astronaut William Oefelein, who had been in a relationship with Nowak. She was released on bail and initially pleaded not guilty to the charges, which included attempted kidnapping, burglary with assault, and battery. Subsequently, her assignment as an astronaut was terminated by NASA.In 2009, Nowak agreed to a plea deal with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to charges of felony burglary of a car and misdemeanor battery. She remained a Navy captain until the following year when a Naval Board of Inquiry voted unanimously to reduce her in rank to commander and to discharge her from the Navy under other than honorable conditions after 25 years of service. , it was reported that she was working in the private sector in Texas. Early life and education

<mask> Caputo was born in Washington, D.C., on May 10, 1963, to Alfredo F. Caputo, a computer consultant, and Jane L. Caputo, a biological specialist. Caputo and her two younger sisters, Andrea and Marisa, grew up in Rockville, Maryland. In 1969, she watched the Apollo 11 Moon mission and became interested in the space program. While growing up, she followed the Space Shuttle program, particularly the introduction of female astronauts in 1978, and paid frequent visits to the National Air and Space Museum.Caputo was educated at Luxmanor Elementary School, Tilden Middle School, and Charles W. Woodward High School in North Bethesda, Maryland. In the January of her junior year of high school, she told her mother that she was going to become an astronaut. She was a Girl Scout, and a member of the Société Honoraire de Français, which required students to maintain an A average in French and a B average in all other subjects. She competed on the math team and served on her class student council. She played field hockey and competed in track and field athletics. In 1981 she was named Student Athlete of the Year, a school award granted to the student who excelled most in both sports and academics, and graduated as co-valedictorian. In her final year of high school, Caputo was accepted by Brown University, a private Ivy League university in Providence, Rhode Island, and by the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.Her parents thought Brown was the best choice, but Caputo felt that she had more chance of achieving her goal of becoming an astronaut by going to the Naval Academy. Women were first admitted to Annapolis in 1976, and by the time Caputo entered as a plebe in 1981, there were women in each of the four classes, but were only 6 percent of the student body. Female cadets were still harassed by some male classmates in 1981, and occasionally a male professor would inform a class that he did not think women belonged there. As a student, she competed on the track team. She graduated on May 22, 1985, with a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering, and was commissioned as an ensign in the United States Navy. Navy career

For her first assignment, Caputo chose a six-month secondment to the Johnson Space Center, where she worked as an aerospace engineer at its branch at Ellington Air Force Base near Houston, Texas. During this time, there were six Space Shuttle launches."What impressed me", she later said, "was the whole idea that everybody was so into what they were doing and excited that each of their parts was so important." In December 1985, Caputo received orders to report to Naval Air Station Pensacola in Florida for flight training. By law, women were still banned from combat assignments, so half the jobs in the Navy were unavailable to women regardless of aptitude or ability, and there were doubts about the wisdom of training women for jobs they were not permitted to do. Getting accepted into flight training was a major achievement, and those women that did so were often resented by men who were passed over. Caputo completed primary flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola on the T-2 Buckeye, T-39 Sabreliner and TA-4J Skyhawk and qualified as a naval flight officer (NFO) in June 1987. Caputo's NFO training continued at the Electronic Warfare School at Corry Station in preparation to fly electronic warfare aircraft. She then went to the Naval Air Station Lemoore, where she qualified to operate the electronic systems on the LTV EA-7L Corsair II.On April 6, 1988, she married an Annapolis classmate, Richard T<mask>, at the Naval Academy Chapel with Catholic rites, and changed her last name to "<mask>". Her next assignment was to Electronic Warfare Aggressor Squadron 34 (VAQ-34) at Naval Air Station Point Mugu, California, where she flew on both the Corsair II and the Douglas ERA-3B Skywarrior, supporting the U.S. Pacific Fleet on reconnaissance mission exercises. She qualified as a mission commander and electronic warfare lead. In 1990, <mask> entered the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, where she earned both a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering and a degree in aeronautical and astronautical engineering in September 1992, writing a thesis on Computational Investigations of a NACA 0012 Airfoil in Low Reynolds Number Flows. She gave birth to a son in February 1992. After graduate school, she transferred to the restricted line as an Aerospace Engineering Duty Officer.She was selected to attend the United States Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland, after she applied six times. She graduated in June 1994, and then became an aircraft systems project officer at the Air Combat Environment Test and Evaluation Facility and at Strike Aircraft Test Squadron at Patuxent River. As a naval flying officer/flight test engineer, she participated in the development of the F/A-18 Hornet and EA-6B Prowler. Her next assignment was to the Naval Air Systems Command, where she was involved in the acquisition of new systems for naval aircraft. During her career in the Navy, Nowak logged over 1,500 hours of flight time in more than 30 different aircraft and was awarded the Defense Meritorious Service Medal, the Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy Achievement Medal. NASA career

Astronaut training

On June 15, 1995, NASA announced that it was selecting a new group of astronauts. As a naval officer, Nowak could not apply directly, like a civilian could, but had to submit her application to a review board that would then approve it and forward it on to NASA, which it did.NASA received over 2,400 applications, and in early 1996, Nowak was informed that she was one of 150 finalists deemed highly qualified, and she was asked to report to Johnson Space Center for a week of orientation, interviews and medical evaluations. On May 1, 1996, NASA publicly announced the names of 10 pilot and 25 mission specialist candidates; <mask> was one of the latter. The class of 1996, the 16th group of NASA astronauts, was the largest selected since the first class of Space Shuttle astronauts in 1978, which also numbered 35. They were ordered to report for duty at Johnson Space Center to commence their astronaut training on August 12, 1996. They were joined by nine international astronauts. Because there were so many of them, they were often packed into classrooms and training facilities, and called themselves "The Sardines". <mask> and her family moved to Texas, where they built a house in Clear Lake City.Her husband, another naval flight officer, left active duty in 1998 but continued to fly in the United States Naval Reserve. He found a job as a space communications contractor with Barrios Technology, an aerospace company, and worked at the Johnson Space Center as a flight controller at the mission control center. Astronaut training included survival training, a three-day trip to the Grand Canyon to study geology, and classwork on the Space Shuttle's many systems. As a mission specialist, she was expected to fly a minimum of four hours a month in NASA's Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft. Training was conducted in the waters of the Weightless Environment Training Facility and in the Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker known as the Vomit Comet that flies a trajectory that gives the sensation of being in space. She completed her astronaut training in August 1998. On September 28, 1998, she returned to Annapolis along with fellow astronaut alumni Jim Lovell, Charles O. Hobaugh, David Leestma, John M. Lounge, Bryan D. O'Connor and Pierre J. Thuot, for a celebration of the life of Mercury Seven astronaut Alan Shepard, who had died two months before.In early 2001, Nowak became pregnant with twins. At the Astronaut Office, Nowak specialized in the operation of the Space Shuttle's robotic arm. She also served with the CAPCOM Branch, the astronauts that worked with the mission control center as the primary communicators with the spacecraft. She performed this duty during the STS-100 mission in April 2001, when the crew of the  installed a robot arm in the International Space Station (ISS). In October 2001, she gave birth to twin daughters. Nowak and her husband alternated their work schedules so one of them was always with the children. This arrangement lasted until Richard was recalled to active duty in 2002 to participate in Operation Enduring Freedom, which effectively left Nowak a single mother with three young children.On December 12, 2002, NASA announced the crew for STS-118, a mission scheduled for November 2003. Scott Kelly would be the mission commander, Hobaugh  the pilot, and the mission specialists would be <mask>, Scott Parazynski, Dafydd Williams, and Barbara Morgan. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster on February 1, 2003, killed seven astronauts on the STS-107 mission, including three from Nowak's 1996 astronaut class. It was NASA's practice to provide the families of astronauts who had died with a personal casualty assistance officer, and <mask> performed this duty for the family of her close friend Laurel Clark. Clark's widower, Jonathon Clark, a former NASA flight surgeon, recalled that:

The disaster resulted in a series of schedule and hardware changes. The task of testing all the changes was assigned to STS-114, the Return to Flight mission, but the list of changes that required testing grew so large that a second Return to Flight mission was added to the schedule to accommodate them. Despite the numbering, this mission, STS-121, would be the second mission flown after the Columbia disaster.STS-121 was primarily concerned with testing and developing new hardware and procedures to make Space Shuttle flights safer. It would also re-supply the ISS with equipment and consumables. In January 2004, <mask> participated in an eleven-day cold weather survival training course in Canada with fellow NASA astronauts Dominic Antonelli and William Oefelein, Swedish astronaut Christer Fuglesang, Russian cosmonaut Dmitri Kondratyev, and Canadian astronaut (and future Governor General) Julie Payette. The course commenced on January 19, and included four days of instruction with the Canadian Armed Forces. They were then dropped off in the wilderness in northern Quebec and had to make their way back on foot. They covered  in eleven days, completing the course on January 29. <mask> had worked together with Oefelein, who had been selected as an astronaut with the class of 1998, when they were both stationed at Patuxent River in 1995.When <mask> and Oefelein returned to Houston they began an extramarital affair, which they attempted to conceal. As serving Navy officers, they could have been charged with conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman, which includes adultery, under the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Oefelein's wife filed for divorce in February 2005 after discovering emails between him and Nowak. Their divorce was finalized in May 2005. Oefelein moved into a small apartment,  to which he gave Nowak a key. She left personal effects there, and she soon became a familiar sight to other residents of the complex. Space flight

NASA announced in December 2003 that STS-121 would be commanded by Steven Lindsey, with Mark Kelly as pilot and Michael Fossum and Carlos Noriega as mission specialists.On November 18, 2004, NASA announced that Nowak and her classmate Stephanie Wilson would join the STS-121 crew as additional mission specialists. They were assigned the task of manipulating the robotic arms of the Space Shuttle and the ISS. The STS-121 mission was originally scheduled for March or April 2005, but was soon postponed to July owing to difficulty implementing all the changes required. During the launch of  for STS-114 in July 2005, debris separated from the external tank, the very problem which had caused the loss of the , and STS-121 was further postponed until a solution to the problem could be found. In February 2006, the mission was rescheduled for a launch window between May 3 and 22, but in March multiple problems forced a further postponement until July. A prelaunch reception was held for Nowak at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, and she was joined by her parents, her husband Richard and three children, family members, and friends from school, Annapolis and the Navy. Among the personal effects she packed for the flight was a small owl figurine of the mascot of Luxmanor Elementary School, a koozie from Tilden Middle School, a banner from Charles W. Woodward High School, an Annapolis Class of 1985 flag, and her grandmother's engagement ring.On July 1, 2006, the STS-121 crew ate the traditional prelaunch cake decorated with the mission's insignia and boarded Discovery at Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B. <mask> was the last crew member to enter the spacecraft, taking her seat as the flight engineer on the flight deck  immediately behind Lindsey and Kelly. At 15:42, the launch was scrubbed due to thunderstorm activity in the area. A second launch attempt the following day was also canceled due to inclement weather. STS-121 successfully launched on July 4 at 14:38. It was the first time a Space Shuttle launch had taken place on Independence Day. After she entered orbit, Nowak felt nauseated, a symptom of space adaptation syndrome.The first day in space was devoted to inspecting the orbiter for possible damage, as the crew had noticed debris falling off the external tank during liftoff. Nowak deployed the robotic arm to inspect the wing tips, nose and underside of the spacecraft using digital and video cameras and laser scanning. After six and a half hours of examination, all that was found was a white splotch on the nose cap. NASA engineers were initially concerned that this might be the result of a high-velocity impact, but after closer examination they determined it to be bird droppings. Some discoloration found on the leading edges was attributed to hydraulic fluid spills. After Discovery docked with the ISS, Wilson and Nowak used the robotic arm to unload the Italian-built Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM). The  of equipment and supplies it contained included the Minus Eighty Lab Freezer for use in scientific experiments and a  Oxygen Generation System to allow the ISS to support up to six crew members.Nowak carried out her assigned tasks, but other crew members noted a reluctance to assist with tasks that were not assigned to her and for which she had not trained. While Discovery was docked with the ISS, the STS-121 crew conducted three spacewalks. The women were not considered for this activity; when NASA trimmed the space suit budget in the 1990s, small sizes were omitted. Women astronauts were assigned to other tasks like operating the robotic arms. From the Destiny laboratory on the ISS, Nowak operated the robotic arm whose installation she had overseen as CAPCOM years before. It was more challenging to operate than the one on the Space Shuttle, since it

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 was larger and had an extra joint. Some  of trash, experiment results and broken equipment were packed into Leonardo, and <mask> and Wilson used the robotic arm to re-stow the module in Discoverys cargo bay.It was then used to make a final check of the Space Shuttle to ensure that no damage had been done by micrometeorites or space debris. Discovery undocked from the ISS and commenced its two-day return to Earth. In all, she spent 12 days 18 hours and 36 minutes in space, during which she traveled . Discovery landed at the Shuttle Landing Facility at the Kennedy Space Center at 09:14 on July 17. Homecoming

As was usual, the six crew members of STS-121 embarked on a series of publicity events and interviews. They attended X Games XII at the Home Depot Center in Los Angeles from August 3 to 6, and the Houston Astros game on August 14 at Minute Maid Park, where the crew met pitcher Roger Clemens and threw ceremonial first pitches. On September 9, Nowak attended a tailgate party at the Naval Academy versus University of Massachusetts football game, where she gave her classmates the Class of 1985 flag she had carried on the Space Shuttle and signed photographs of herself.At half time she presented Annapolis with a Navy jersey she had carried on board Discovery. She gave a long interview with the Ladies' Home Journal for its Mother's Day issue and presented awards at NASA's Stennis Space Center. She went back to Luxmanor Elementary School and Tilden Middle School where she spoke to the children and attended celebrations at Annapolis for the 30th anniversary of its admission of women, during which she gave a presentation as part of the Academy's Forrestal Lecture Series. In December, the STS-121 crew flew to the UK, where they visited the University of Edinburgh and the National Space Centre in Leicester, and spoke at the University of Leeds, fellow STS-121 crewmember Piers Sellers's alma mater. Orlando International Airport incident
Nowak's marriage disintegrated, and she separated from Richard in January 2007. Her relationship with Oefelein also cooled, although she continued to call him almost every day. In late 2006, Oefelein began a relationship with U.S. Air Force Captain Colleen Shipman, who worked as an engineer with the 45th Space Wing at Patrick Air Force Base in Florida.Oefelein informed Nowak about Shipman in January. He thought Nowak took it well, and that they could remain friends. They continued to train for the MS 150, a charity bicycle race, but Shipman became uncomfortable with Nowak's bicycle being kept at Oefelein's place and asked him to get Nowak to remove it. On January 29, 2007, NASA announced that Stephanie Wilson had been chosen as the mission specialist for the STS-120 mission to replace Michael Foreman, who had been reassigned to the STS-123 mission, scheduled for February. Nowak had hoped for this assignment. According to Mark Kelly, Wilson was chosen because "she was a team player and well deserving. Nowak was not."Nowak was assigned to CAPCOM duties for STS-123 instead. Altercation
On February 4, 2007, Nowak packed latex gloves, a black wig, a BB pistol and ammunition, pepper spray, a hooded tan trench coat, a drilling hammer, black gloves, an  Gerber folding knife and other items. She then drove her husband's car  from Houston to Orlando, Florida, to confront Shipman. Early police reports stated that she wore Maximum Absorbency Garments during the trip, but she later denied this. On February 5, 2007, Nowak went to the Orlando International Airport and waited for about half an hour for Shipman's plane to touch down at 01:05. Shipman went to claim her suitcase, but it did not appear on the carousel. At the baggage claim office she was told that it would arrive on the next flight, at 03:00, and she was given a $12 food and drink voucher.Shipman finally collected her suitcase from the baggage claim office at 03:15, and took a shuttle bus to the parking area at 03:28. Shipman said that after arriving, she became aware of someone following her to an airport satellite parking area. When she got into her car, she heard running footsteps and quickly locked the door. Nowak slapped the window and tried to open the car door, asked for a ride, then started crying. Shipman rolled down the window a couple of inches after which Nowak sprayed the pepper spray into the car. Shipman drove off to the parking lot booth where she called the police. Several Orlando Police Department Airport Division officers arrived minutes later with the first officer observing Nowak throwing a bag into the trash at a parking shuttle bus stop.Nowak was subsequently arrested at Orlando International Airport on charges of attempted kidnapping, battery, attempted vehicle burglary with battery, and destruction of evidence. In a handwritten request for a restraining order against Nowak after her arrest, Shipman referred to Nowak as an acquaintance of her boyfriend, but did not identify Oefelein. She claimed that Nowak had been stalking her for two months. Nowak told investigators she was involved in a relationship with Oefelein, which she described as being "more than a working relationship but less than a romantic relationship". Citing evidence of elaborate planning, disguises and weapons, police recommended she be held without bail. Arraignment
Two fellow astronauts flew to Florida in T-38 jets for Nowak's arraignment: Captain Christopher Ferguson, the senior active duty Naval Officer in the NASA Astronaut Corps at the time, went as Nowak's commanding officer, and Lindsey, the commander of Nowak's shuttle mission, went as Chief of the Astronaut Office, the senior astronaut at NASA. On February 6, 2007, both appeared before a judge on her behalf.The state's assistant attorney, Amanda Cowan, argued that the facts indicated a well-thought-out plan to kidnap and perhaps to injure Shipman. In arguing for pre-trial release, <mask>'s attorney remarked, "One's good works must count for something." Nowak was ordered released on $15,500 bail under the condition she wear a GPS tracking device and not contact Shipman, but before Nowak could be released, Orlando police charged Nowak with attempted first-degree murder and announced she would not be released on bail. Her lawyer alleged that police and prosecutors, unhappy that Nowak had been granted bail, pressed more serious charges solely to keep her in jail. In the second arraignment Nowak was charged with attempted first-degree murder with a deadly weapon, for which the judge raised bail by $10,000. After posting bail, Nowak was released from jail. Shipman dropped her request for a protection order on February 15.Reactions
On February 6, 2007, <mask> was placed on 30-day leave by NASA. She returned to Houston on a commercial airline flight on February 8, and upon arrival was reportedly taken immediately under police escort to the Johnson Space Center for medical and psychiatric evaluation. Nowak's assignment to NASA as a serving Navy officer was terminated by the space agency on March 7, 2007. There was widespread public reaction to her arrest, concerns being expressed about NASA's astronaut selection and screening processes. Some commentators opined that NASA's presentation of astronauts as heroes was part of the problem. In response to concerns over Nowak's mental health, NASA Administrator Michael D. Griffin commissioned the NASA Astronaut Health Care System Review Committee, an independent panel, to examine how well NASA attended to the mental health of its astronauts. Patricia Santy, a former NASA flight surgeon and the author of the book Choosing the Right Stuff: Psychological Selection of Astronauts and Cosmonauts, described a culture among the Astronaut Corps to avoid discussing physical and psychological issues with medical personnel, due to the perception that any issues could jeopardize one's career and flight status.Policies at NASA were changed in a variety of ways: flight surgeons would receive further training in psychiatric evaluation, and a new "Astronaut Code of Professional Responsibility" was issued. Behavioral health evaluations would be included in the astronauts' annual flight physicals. Evidence
On April 10, 2007, Florida prosecutors released more material in the case. The previous week, the trial judge had agreed to unseal some of the documents that described items found in Nowak's car after her arrest. Among these items were a handwritten note on  stationery listing Shipman's flight information and one on "Flight Controller's Log" paper listing more than 24 items, including sneakers, plastic gloves, contacts, cash, an umbrella, and black sweats. A floppy disk contained two photographs of Nowak riding in a bicycle race, and 15 images depicting an unidentified woman in different stages of undress. An evidence report dated March 15 indicated that nearly all of the photographs and drawings depicted scenes of bondage.Also found were $585.00 and £41.00 (GBP) in cash and four brown paper bags with 69 orange pills that were not publicly identified. Investigators also examined two USB flash drives found in the car. They contained family pictures, digital movies, and NASA-related materials. Investigators concluded that the information on the disk and USB drives did not have any direct relationship to the alleged kidnapping attempt. Oefelein had provided Nowak with a cell phone to communicate with him. Phone records show that she called him at least twelve times, and sent seven text messages the day after he returned from his Space Shuttle flight on December 22, 2006, that he did not retrieve until December 24, when they had a seven-minute conversation. During December and January, over one hundred calls were made, although it is unclear who called whom.Under questioning by NASA and military investigators, Oefelein reportedly stated that he had broken off the relationship with <mask>. He did, however, have lunch with her in his apartment at least once in January, they continued to train together for the bicycle race, and they went to the gym together. On May 11, 2007, authorities released a surveillance video from the Orlando International Airport terminal showing Nowak waiting for nearly an hour, standing near the baggage claim, then donning a trench coat and following Shipman after she retrieved her bags. Developments
On February 6, 2007, Nowak pleaded not guilty to the charges of attempted murder and attempted kidnapping. On March 2, Florida prosecutors filed three formal charges against Nowak: (1) attempted kidnapping with intent to inflict bodily harm or terrorize, (2) burglary of a conveyance with a weapon, and (3) battery. The prosecutors declined to file the attempted murder charge that had been recommended by Orlando police. She was ordered to wear an electronic monitoring ankle bracelet as a condition of her release.A pre-trial hearing was held on July 17, 2007, and further hearings were to be held on September 19, to argue defense motions to suppress some of the evidence obtained on the day of her arrest. On August 12, 2007, Nowak asked to have her GPS ankle bracelet removed, to which the judge agreed on August 30. On August 28, the trial judge unsealed a court document indicating that Nowak intended to pursue an insanity defense. According to documents submitted by her lawyer, Nowak was evaluated by two psychiatrists who diagnosed her with obsessive–compulsive personality disorder, Asperger syndrome, a single episode of major depressive disorder and a "brief psychotic disorder with marked stressors" at the time of the incident. The trial judge suppressed Nowak's initial (pre-Miranda) statements to police, as well as all evidence found in her vehicle, on November 2, 2007, citing police misconduct in their initial search and questioning. The prosecution appealed that ruling on November 8. A hearing on that appeal occurred on October 21, 2008.On December 5, 2008, the Florida Fifth District Court of Appeal held that her statements were taken in violation of her Miranda rights, but that the search of her car was still valid under the inevitable discovery exception to the search warrant requirement because the police would have inevitably found it in the normal course of the investigation despite her illegal statement. The case was sent back for trial. A pre-trial status hearing was scheduled for June 22, 2009. On April 1, 2009, the judge ordered Nowak to undergo two psychiatric evaluations before June 12, 2009. On May 15, 2009, it was reported that <mask> would not claim insanity if her case ever went to trial. <mask>'s attorney withdrew a previous motion filed in 2007, which would have left open the opportunity to use an insanity defense in the case. On October 7, 2009, a judge in Orlando ruled in favor of allowing <mask>'s attorneys to take a second deposition from Shipman to inquire whether Nowak actually pepper-sprayed Shipman.A medical report by paramedics raised some questions according to <mask>'s attorneys as to the factual basis for it. If it was found not to have occurred, <mask>'s attorneys wanted the criminal charges related to the assault and battery to be dropped before trial began. The trial was scheduled for December 7, 2009. On November 10, 2009, <mask> entered a guilty plea to felony burglary and misdemeanor battery as part of a plea deal. She was sentenced to a year's probation and the two days already served in jail, with no additional jail time. In March 2011, Nowak petitioned the court to seal the record of her criminal proceedings, citing harm to her family and their livelihood. The motion was granted.After NASA

After the incident in Orlando, the Navy insisted on <mask> and Oefelein being returned to the Navy from NASA because they had violated the Navy's rules prohibiting adultery. Naval officials waited for Nowak's kidnapping case to be resolved before taking further action against her. She remained on active duty with the Navy and was subsequently ordered to work on the staff of the Chief of Naval Air Training (CNATRA) at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. There, she was involved in the development of flight training curricula for broad use throughout the Navy. <mask> received the NASA Space Flight Medal on August 22, 2006, and on June 5, 2007. <mask> and her husband Richard divorced in June 2008, and she was given full custody of their three children. A Naval Board of Inquiry consisting of Rear Admirals Mark S. Boensel, Eleanor V. Valentin and Timothy S. Matthews voted on August 19, 2010, to recommend <mask> be separated from the Navy with an other than honorable discharge and reduction in rank from captain to commander.The panel's recommendation had to be reviewed by the Naval Personnel Command, and ultimately it would be determined by the Secretary of the Navy. On July 28, 2011, Assistant Secretary of Navy Juan M. Garcia III confirmed the panel's sentence. Nowak's conduct, Garcia said in a statement, "fell well short" of what is expected of Navy officers and "demonstrated a complete disregard for the well-being of a fellow service member". She retired from the Navy with an other than honorable discharge and the rank of commander on September 1, 2011. Astronaut Michael Coats, the director of the Johnson Space Center from 2005 to 2012, recalled that Nowak struggled after leaving the Navy, as the notoriety of her case kept potential employers from hiring her. In 2017, People magazine reported that Nowak was living quietly in Texas, where she was working in the private sector. Her attorney stated: "She's doing well."In popular culture
<mask>'s story resonated with many, and has been adapted for television, movie, play and song. "Rocket Man", a 2007 episode of Law & Order: Criminal Intent, was inspired by <mask>'s story and featured a love triangle among astronauts. A 2008 Molly Lewis song, "Road Trip", recounts the details of early news reports about Nowak's trip from Houston to Orlando. The 2017 Austra music video for "I Love You More Than You Love Yourself" references the actions leading up to Nowak's final arrest, with bandleader Katie Stelmanis playing the role of <mask>. Nowak was also the subject of a play, Starcrosser's Cut, which opened in Los Angeles in June 2013. In 2019, the film Lucy in the Sky (starring Natalie Portman) was produced, loosely based on <mask>'s story. Notes

References

External links
 <mask> Inflight Video Interview – Spaceflight Experience NASA (Windows Media Player)
 <mask>ak Inflight Video Interview – Eating and Family Contact NASA (Windows Media Player)
 <mask>ak Inflight Audio – Wake Up Call on Flight Day 4 with Her Response NASA (Wav)
 NASA Biography March 2007

1963 births
American people convicted of assault
American people convicted of burglary
American people of Italian descent
Living people
Military personnel from Washington, D.C.Naval Postgraduate School alumni
People from Rockville, Maryland
People with Asperger syndrome
People with mood disorders
People with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Flight Officers
United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni
United States Navy astronauts
Women astronauts
American women engineers
Female United States Navy officers
Space Shuttle program astronauts
United States Navy captains
21st-century American

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Cesar Caballero (born November 25, 1977) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado, or masked professional wrestler. Working under the ring name <mask>, he appears for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). Caballero previously worked under a number of other ring names including Mega, but they are not officially acknowledged, as the enmascarado character is promoted as a separate entity from his previous characters, which is often the case when a Mexican wrestler adopts a new masked character. Professional wrestling career
In Lucha Libre it is traditional to keep the true identify of a masked wrestler a secret, not revealing their real names and oftentimes not revealing what previous ring names they have competed under. Caballero worked as "Mega" from 2000 taking the role from Último Gladiador. Los Megas (2001–2007)

In 2001 International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) formed a new "trio" known as Los Megas, taking three of their regular competitors, putting them together with a character based on the Mega character. Último Vampiro was turned into Super Mega and a wrestler known as El Milionario became known as Ultra Mega.Los Megas portrayed a kid-friendly técnico (good guys) silver-and-black-clad group. Los Megas defeated Los Oficiales (Guardia, Oficial and Vigilante) on August 2, 2001 to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship, starting off a 161-day-long title reign. The trio was defeated for the title by Dr. Cerebro, Cirujano, and Paramedico on January 10, 2002. Only a month later Mega and Ultra Mega defeated Fantasy and Star Boy to win the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship. They team held the title for 73 days until losing to MAZADA and NOZAWA. Super Mega was later replaced with Omega to keep Los Megas a trio. Mega, Ultra Mega, and Omega teamed up to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship at some point in 2002 and held the title until December 12, 2003, where they were defeated by Dr. Markus Jr., Dr. Muerte, and Enfermero Jr.. 2003 also saw Mega, Ultra Mega, and Omega win the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship from Nosawa, Takemura and Masada on June 5, 2003.Mega and Ultra Mega also held the IWRG Tag Team Championship for almost a year between 2003 and 2004, winning the titles from Fantasy and Star Boy and losing them to Dr. Cerebro and Bombero Infernal. In 2003 IWRG introduced a group designed to be the "archenemy" of Los Megas in the form of Los Comandos (Comando Mega, Comando Gama, and Comando Omega), who were dark and destructive to counter Los Megas' bright, kid-friendly personas. The group feuded for the better part of a year. The storyline between the two factions saw Mega and Ultra Mega defeat Comando Mega and Comando Gama in a Lucha de Apuesta, mask vs. mask match on June 6, 2004. Following the end of the feud with the Comandos, Los Megas began to fade away. At the 2004 Castillo del Terror steel cage match Mega lost to Black Dragon and was forced to unmask and reveal his birth name. It has not been documented what Caballero did between 2004 and 2012, he may have wrestled under a different mask maybe even retired for a period of time.Oficial Factor (2012–present)

In late 2011 Oficial Spartan and Oficial Rayan formed Los Oficiales Elite, a group created to rival Los Oficiales (Oficial 911, Oficial AK-47, and Oficial Fierro). In early 2012 Los Oficiales Elite became a trio with the introduction of Oficial <mask> to the team. <mask> was the returning Caballero under a new mask and ring character. On March 18, 2012, Los Oficiales Elite defeated Los Gringos VIP (Apolo Estrada, Jr., Avisman and El Hijo del Diablo) to win the Distrito Federal Trios Championship, a title that is only sanctioned in Mexico City. The Oficiales vs Oficiales Elite feud led to all six competitors putting their masks on the line in a steel cage match as the main event of the 2012 Guerra del Golfo show. During the show Oficial <mask> and 911 both lost a steel cage match, which meant that the two were supposed to face off in the final match; as a show of unity, their respective partners all joined them in the steel cage, making it a six-way match instead. The match came down to Oficial Factor and Oficial AK-47 with <mask> gaining the important victory, forcing AK-47 to have his hair shaved off as a result.The feud between the two factions continued throughout 2012 with several highlights, including Oficial <mask> winning the 2012 Rey del Ring tournament, defeating 29 other wrestlers including members of Los Oficiales. On July 26, 2012, Los Oficiales ended Oficiales Elite's reign as Distrito Federal Trios Championship after 129 days. In late 2012 the individual members of Los Oficiales Elite began focusing on individual storylines instead of the overall "Oficiales vs. Oficiales" storyline. <mask> became involved in a storyline with El Hijo de Pirata Morgan, which saw <mask> win the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship from Hijo de Pirata, as well as lose and regain the Rey del Ring Championship. In November 2012 it was announced that Oficial <mask>, Hijo de Pirata Morgan, Oficial 911, and Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 had all agreed to risk their masks in a Prison Fatal steel cage match on December 2, 2012. The last person in the steel cage would be forced to unmask. The Prison Fatal match came down to <mask> and Oficial 911 after the other two competitors escaped the cage.At one point all Oficiales and Oficiales Elite were actually in the cage, but in the end 911 managed to escape, forcing <mask> to unmask. After unmasking he gave his name as Cesar Caballero, the same name he gave when he lost the "Mega" mask in 2004. On January 1, 2013, <mask> defeated El Hijo de Pirata Morgan to regain the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship. On May 16 Carta Brava, Jr. defeated <mask> to win the Junior de Juniors Championship. Championships and accomplishments
International Wrestling Revolution Group
IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (3 times) – Mega and Ultra Mega
IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship (1 time) – with Ultra Mega and Omega
IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship (2 times)
IWRG Rey del Ring Championship (1 time)
Distrito Federal Trios Championship (3 times) – with Super Mega and Ultra Mega (1), with Ultra Mega and Omega (1), with Oficial Spartan and Oficial Rayan

Luchas de Apuestas record

Footnotes

References

1977 births
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mexican male professional wrestlers

masks:
Oficial Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
Factor
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Factor
Factor
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Factor


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<mask> (born July 22, 1949) is a former professional baseball player and manager. A shortstop and utility infielder in Major League Baseball from 1973 to 1979, he became better known as manager of the Toronto Blue Jays. Playing career
After signing with the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1967 as a free agent, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers for Rick Auerbach just as the 1973 season began while still a minor leaguer. <mask> played every day for the 1973 Brewers at shortstop, but lost his starting job next season to Robin Yount, thus forcing him to settle in as a utility infielder. He was traded to the Toronto Blue Jays during the 1978 season where he retired a year later with a lifetime .223 batting average in 516 career games. Scouting, coaching and managerial career
After retiring as a player, <mask> spent the next 20 years as a scout, coach or minor league manager for the Dodgers, Montreal Expos, Boston Red Sox and Chicago Cubs. 1998 Toronto Blue Jays season
The Blue Jays named <mask> as their manager for the 1998 season following the firing of Cito Gaston and the interim management of pitching coach Mel Queen.<mask> beat out several higher-profile candidates, most notably <mask> (no relation), Larry Bowa, and Buck Martinez. Queen remained on as pitching coach under <mask> and the two reportedly feuded extensively, despite <mask>'s reputation as a good communicator. <mask> also had rumoured differences with several of his players, including Pat Hentgen, Ed Sprague, and Cy Young Award winner Roger Clemens. Despite this lack of chemistry, <mask> guided the 1998 Blue Jays to a respectable third-place finish in the AL East with an 88–74 record, just four games out of a tie for the wild card. It was the team's first winning season since they won two World Series in a row in 1992 and 1993. Vietnam War stories controversy
This success was partly attributed to the stories <mask> would tell his players about his battle experiences in the Vietnam War. For example, he told Hentgen a story about his war experiences to get him to accept a different place in the pitching rotation.However, in late November, <mask> told several Toronto newspapers that all of these stories were completely made up. In truth, <mask> had been in the Marine Corps reserves throughout the war, and trained mortarmen at Camp Pendleton while playing in the Dodgers' farm system. He'd also claimed for over 20 years that he'd been an All-American high school basketball player, and turned down a scholarship to attend UCLA. During the 1998 baseball winter meetings, <mask> said that admitting the truth was like having "a 50,000 pound weight" taken off his shoulders. He said he'd lied because he felt guilty about going to spring training with the Dodgers while many of his friends fought in the war. He entered therapy, and called several of his players to apologize for lying. Departure from the Blue Jays
The Blue Jays were initially willing to stand by <mask> and let him return for 1999.During spring training, he apologized to the entire team, and later said that he didn't seem to detect a credibility problem. However, the next month brought a steady diet of questions about <mask>'s credibility, as well as outside attacks (Sprague, for instance, called <mask> a "liar" and a "backstabber"). Finally, on March 17, less than a month before opening day, Blue Jays general manager Gord Ash fired <mask> and replaced him with Jim Fregosi. Ash said that <mask>'s presence had become so much of a distraction that he felt he would have to fire <mask> "if not now ... 30 or 45 days from now." He decided that he had to act in order to save the season. In the years since <mask>'s one season at the helm, the Blue Jays failed to achieve an equal or better record than <mask>'s 88–74 mark until 2015. To date, it is <mask>'s last job in Major League Baseball.Managerial record

After MLB
Following his dismissal from the Blue Jays, <mask> spent seven seasons as manager in the Mexican League, with the Diablos Rojos del México in 1999-2002, Yaquis de Obregón in 2002-2003 and then with the Águilas de Mexicali in 2004-2005. In 2003, <mask> became manager of the Lincoln Saltdogs of the Northern League. In 2006, the Lincoln team joined the American Association of Independent Professional Baseball. On September 25, 2008, <mask> resigned after six years. His career record as the Saltdogs' manager was 315–255. On December 16, 2008, <mask> was announced as the inaugural manager of the Golden Baseball League incarnation of the Tucson Toros. On November 12, 2010, <mask> was announced as the second manager of the Lake County Fielders of the North American League.On July 9, 2011, <mask> resigned from his Lake County Fielders Managerial Position

<mask> later became field manager with the El Paso Diablos in 2012, but the team folded in 2013. <mask> coached in the Arizona Winter League as of 2017 and spent time in the California Winter League from 2010–2014 as an instructor and coach. He also coached the Algodoneros de San Luis of the Liga Norte de Mexico later in 2017, before he was promoted to manager of the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican League on June 4, 2017. Taking over about halfway through the season, <mask> led the Pericos to their second straight championship appearance. <mask> was named manager of the Tigres de Quintana Roo of the Mexican League for the 2018 season. <mask> was announced as manager for the Piratas de Campeche of the Mexican League for the 2019 season. However, he was fired 33 games into the season on May 13 after a 10-23 start to the season.He was hired by the Bravos de León of the Mexican League for the 2020 season. The team posted a 29-37 record and did not make the playoffs. <mask> was dismissed by the team following the season. References

External links
, or Retrosheet

1949 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
American expatriate baseball people in Mexico
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Arizona Instructional League Dodgers players
Bakersfield Dodgers players
Baseball coaches from North Dakota
Baseball players from North Dakota
Boston Red Sox coaches
El Paso Dodgers players
Indianapolis Indians managers
Iowa Cubs managers
Major League Baseball bench coaches
Major League Baseball infielders
Mexican League baseball managers
Milwaukee Brewers players
Milwaukee Brewers scouts
Montreal Expos coaches
Montreal Expos scouts
Northern League (baseball, 1993–2010) managers
Spokane Indians players
Sportspeople from Grand Forks, North Dakota
Toronto Blue Jays managers
Toronto Blue Jays players

masks:
Timothy Evald Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Davey Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
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Johnson
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<mask> (; also known by nickname Muk, born 24 January 1959) is an Armenian politician, former member of the ruling Republican Party, he was the Prime Minister of Armenia from 13 April 2014 to 8 September 2016. Previously he was the President of the National Assembly of Armenia. Early life
<mask>, born in Mkhchyan village in Armenia's Ararat Province, began his professional career in 1990 as the department head of the Burastan Brandy Factory and later as the president of Artashat wine-brandy factory. In 1995 he became a member of the Armenian parliament. He became Mayor of Artashat in 1996, and the governor of Ararat Province in 1998. Political career
Under President Robert Kocharyan's administration, in 2005 he was appointed Minister of the Territorial Administration (which oversees regional government structures), serving until 2008 when he resigned in order to be appointed in April 2008 by the newly elected President Serzh Sargsyan as head of his presidential staff. In August 2008 he was re-elected in an uncontested election (in a seat vacated by the resignation of Abrahamian's older brother, Henrikto) to the National Assembly (fourth convocation), and in September 2008 he was elected as President of the National Assembly of Armenia.He resigned as president in November 2011 and was re-elected to the National Assembly on May 6, 2012 as a member of the Republican Party of Armenia. He opposed his predecessor's asset declaration draft law that would have required Armenian politicians and senior public officials to declare their business holdings and business interests. Prime Minister
He was appointed as Prime Minister in April 2014 following the resignation of Tigran Sargsyan. <mask> was nominated for the role of prime minister by President Serzh Sargsyan calling him a "very effective new prime minister." He was congratulated by Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev. Public image
In various cables sent in 2008, Joseph Pennington, Deputy Chief of Mission at the US Embassy in Yerevan, characterized <mask> as being "regarded by outside observers - and many Armenians - as an unpolished, poorly educated and parochial figure, a crass nouveau riche whose brand of dirty-money politics, abuse of state "administrative resources", and cunning opportunism is in the worst tradition of recent Armenian politics", as "an oily, machine politician ... at the center of a purposeful effort to abuse agencies and offices of local government to arm-twist every vote he possibly can for the prime minister", the "chief operating officer of the dirtiest and most coercive tactics of Serzh Sargsian's presidential election campaign", and "an unsophisticated thug" whose "instincts are not progressive". Also in 2008, US Ambassador to Armenia Marie Yovanovitch described Abrahamian as a politician who uses his political power to promote his business interests.He has also been reported as owning more than two dozen companies, including three sand mines on the Araks river; 1,500 hectares of grape fields in Artashat; more than 10 gas stations outside Yerevan; one third of "Ararat Cement"; casinos; petrol stations; and a $7 million summer home in the Crimea. He opposed his predecessor's asset declaration draft law that would have required Armenian politicians and senior public officials to declare their business holdings and business interests. <mask>'s son, Argam, is married to a daughter of Gagik Tsarukyan, oligarch and Prosperous Armenia party leader. Criminal Prosecution

After the change of power in Armenia - in which opposition leader Nikol Pashinyan became Prime Minister - a large-scale fight against corruption was announced. A number of criminal cases were initiated against many former top officials, including the former president Robert Kocharian and the late Prime Minister <mask> <mask>. At the end of August 2018, the late Prime Minister <mask> <mask>, his brother Henrik (who was arrested on August 8, 2008 on charges of illegal possession of weapons), and former chief Police of Armenia from 2008 to 2011 Alik Sargsyan were defendants in a criminal case. In a statement by the director of Avazaatik Ltd. (a company which operates a sand pit in the village of Noramarg, Ararat region of Armenia) high-ranking officials demanded 60% of shares with registration of these shares given to two individuals in 2008.30% of the shares were registered in the name of <mask> <mask>'s brother Henrik (Jonik), who later sold his shares. At the same time, the Avazaatik company was involved in lawsuits initiated by the former head of Noramagh Sarkis Galstyan, who was seeking to terminate a contract between the Noramagha community and the company. This case involved five hectares of agricultural land within the administrative territory of the community. In 2012, the Avazaatik company was granted permission to develop a quarry in the Noramarg community. Henrik (Jonik) <mask> was arrested after a search of a former factory in the territory located in the village of Mkhchyan discovered a large number of weapons and ammunition, including 3 light machine guns, 7 machine guns AK-74, 2 SVD sniper rifles, 3 different types of rifles, 2 pistols and a large number of bullets of different caliber. This factory was de facto owned by the former Prime Minister <mask> <mask>, registered in the name of Ambik Gevorgyan, and was the framework in the case for dispersing demonstrations on March 1, 2008. In June 2019, the Special Investigative Service of Armenia reported that the preliminary investigation in the criminal case against <mask> <mask>, based on the sale of 15 land plots in Dilijan communities (land plots with an area of 15 thousand sq.m and 57 thousand sq.m on Babajanyan Street, and plots along Saralanja street with an area of 731, 761, 701 and 720 sq.m): Mkhchyan (land plots with an area of 8.9 hectares, 9.1 hectares, 8 hectares, 9 hectares, 5.6 hectares, 7.2 hectares and industrial territory with a total area of 4092 sq.m) and Narek (land plot with an area of 90 hectares and pasture of 30 hectares) without holding auctions and by issuing false documents.Despite the expiration of the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution in a number of cases, decisions sent to the Ministry of Territorial Administration and Infrastructure of Armenia to annul the previously concluded transactions sought to return these land plots to the communities. Income

At the end of 2013, the total income for <mask> <mask> and his wife Juliet exceeded $6 million. Earlier, he declared the income was from the sale of agricultural products from 2011 to 2013 in the amount of 125 million AMD (about $290,000.00). During the specified period, his wife Juliet received 138 million drams (about $318,000.00). Nikol Pashinyan asked about the origin of <mask>'s fortune despite the fact that he didn’t conduct business in that area. While running for parliament in 2012, <mask> <mask> declared the following: an apartment with an area of 276 sq.m on Tumanyan Street in Yerevan, an apartment with an area of 146 sq.m on Shmidt Street, an apartment with an area of 260 sq.m on Teryan Street, and a garage with an area of 18 sq.m. <mask> declared the same properties in 2014 when he took office as Prime Minister of Armenia.During this time, a number of media outlets indicated other properties belonging to the relatives of <mask> <mask>, in particular, his brother Henrik and others. According to Hetq.am, <mask> <mask> and Tigran Arzakantsyan, Deputy of the National Assembly of Armenia, founded Paramount Gold Mining Ltd., a company which develops the Lusajur section of the Meghradzor gold deposit in the Kotayk region. According to Arzakantsyan, he is the sole proprietor. References

External links
 <mask> Abrahamyan CV on the website of the Government of Armenia

1959 births
Living people
Presidents of the National Assembly (Armenia)
People from Ararat Province
Prime Ministers of Armenia
Republican Party of Armenia politicians

masks:
Hovik Argami Abrahamyan
Abrahamyan
Abrahamyan
Abrahamyan
Abrahamyan
Hovik
Abrahamyan
Hovik
Abrahamyan
Hovik
Abrahamyan
Abrahamyan
Hovik
Abrahamyan
Hovik
Abrahamyan
Hovik
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<mask> (February 12, 1923 – September 1, 2015) was an American public historian best known for his work as the Chief Historian of the United States Atomic Energy Commission. Biography
<mask> was born in Toledo, Ohio, in 1923. In 1941, he attended Dartmouth College, but after the attack on Pearl Harbor he enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps doing work related to meteorology. With a number of other privates he attended Bowdoin College for a year, focusing on science. In June 1944, he did work relating to using radar to track weather balloons, and eventually the military sent him to Harvard University to study in the electronics school. In early 1945, he was sent to Western China as a radiosonde operator, sending meteorological information by radio to U.S. forces, which used them in planning bombing raids on Japan. After the war, <mask> attended graduate school in history at the University of Chicago, though he never completed his undergraduate degree.He received his master's degree in 1948 and his PhD in 1952, writing his thesis on Lewis Cass, a nineteenth-century Michigan politician. While he was completing his dissertation, <mask> accepted a position as an intelligence specialist in the United States Air Force, examining open literature on factories in the Soviet Union. Hewlett found the job tedious and in 1952 leaped at the chance to be a program analyst in the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), compiling classified progress reports from all of the many branches of the AEC for the Commissioners. <mask> later said that this job gave him a good general overview of the AEC and how it worked. In 1957, <mask> was contacted in order to find a historian to write an official history of the AEC, a pet project by Commissioner Lewis Strauss. Hewlett was unable to find any academic historians interested, however, in part because science and technology were generally not considered an interesting subject of historical study at the time. Because of his history backgrounds, <mask> himself was offered the job, which he happily accepted, and became the first official historian of the AEC.<mask> sought out another public historian, Kent Roberts <mask>, who was the Chief Historian of the United States Army. <mask> encouraged <mask> to establish an independent review board of academic historians who would serve as a buffer between <mask> and the government bureaucrats who would inevitably object to certain portrayals of past U.S. government activities. Though he faced some initial resistance to the establishment of the Atomic Energy Commission's Historical Advisory Committee, it was eventually approved by Strauss himself on the recommendation of one of Strauss's favorite academic historians. Part of <mask>'s work in writing the AEC history was acquiring historical AEC records before they were destroyed, encouraging local AEC agencies and branches to think about their records in a historical manner, and marking historical records for depositing at the National Archives. <mask> later recounted an incident in which he was called, as Chief Historian, to witness to opening of an old wartime filing cabinet found under a stairwell of an AEC building. After the locksmith had opened the cabinet, <mask> reached in and the first document he pulled out was a letter signed by Franklin Delano Roosevelt. The cabinet turned out to be the wartime correspondence files of Vannevar Bush and James B. Conant, and is currently considered one of the most important collections of documents relating to Manhattan Project history.After going over thousands of secret and formerly secret records, <mask> eventually produced his first volume of the official history, covering the time period of the Manhattan Project through the formation of the AEC. The New World, 1939-1946 was published in 1962, and was a runner-up for the 1963 Pulitzer Prize. <mask> continued his work and published the second volume, Atomic Shield, 1947-1952 in 1969, which received the David D. Lloyd prize from the Harry S. Truman Library Institute. For both of these books, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Employee Award by the AEC, the highest employee award given by the agency. According to a later interview with <mask>, he had difficulty in getting the final book cleared for publication by the United States Navy, because Admiral Hyman G. Rickover refused to allow it to be published unless <mask> agreed to write an official history of the Nuclear Navy as well. Though irritated at the misuse of security clearances, <mask> agreed and produced Nuclear Navy, 1946-1962 in 1974. Despite his initial irritation, <mask> enjoyed working on the project as he was given unfettered access to any related files on account of having Rickover's personal backing.After the AEC was dismantled in 1974, <mask> became the Chief Historian of its successor organization, the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA). When ERDA itself was dismantled in 1977, his position was transferred to its successor, the Department of Energy. When the Three Mile Island accident occurred in 1979, <mask> was asked to write a history of the event as it was unfolding. <mask> was by then hoping to retire, however, and two other historians were recommended for the job, Philip L. Cantelon and Robert C. Williams. After the success by Cantelon and Williams in contracting themselves to the DOE, <mask>, Cantelon, Williams, and Rodney P. Carlisle, then a visiting researcher at the DOE, together founded a private company devoted to writing commissioned official histories of government agencies, individuals, or private companies, named History Associates Incorporated and based in Rockville, Maryland. <mask> later said that only one time he attempted to be involved in AEC/DOE policymaking, writing up a history of the AEC's policies in handling nuclear waste, which he later said did not always portray the agency in a positive light. The document, completed in 1978, was essentially mothballed by the DOE and never followed up on.<mask> officially retired from government work in 1980 while he was still working on his third volume of AEC history. Because of institutional changes, <mask> had difficulty getting the work approved for public release. Finally published in 1989 as Atoms for Peace and War, 1953-1961, the book won the Richard W. Leopold Prize from the Organization of American Historians as the best book of the year on a U.S. federal government agency. He died September 1, 2015 at Maplewood Park Place, a senior living community in Bethesda, Maryland. <mask> is today recognized as one of the most influential federal historians in the United States, and was a founding member of both the Society for History in the Federal Government and the National Council on Public History. Books by <mask>
<mask>, <mask>., and Oscar E. Anderson. The New World, 1939-1946.University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1962.
, and Francis Duncan. Atomic Shield, 1947-1952. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1969.
, and Francis Duncan. Nuclear Navy, 1946-1962. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
, and Jack M. Holl. Atoms for Peace and War, 1953-1961: Eisenhower and the Atomic Energy Commission. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989.References

<mask>, <mask>., and Jo Anne McCormick Quatannens. "<mask><mask>: Federal Historian," The Public Historian 19:1 (Winter 1997): 53-83. External links
History Associates Incorporated, Hewlett's current company
Annotated bibliography for <mask><mask> from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues

1923 births
2015 deaths
American historians
Dartmouth College alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
Public historians
Historians of nuclear weapons
American military personnel of World War II

masks:
Richard Greening Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Greenfield
Greenfield
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
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Hewlett
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Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Hewlett
Richard G
Hewlett
Richard G
Richard G
. Hewlett
Richard G
. Hewlett


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<mask> (; 7 May 1981 – 24 March 2015) was a German contralto who performed internationally in opera and in concerts. Radner studied at the Robert Schumann Hochschule in Düsseldorf, Germany. Both Stern magazine and Munich's Abendzeitung described her as an "extremely talented interpreter of Wagner's music". Possessing the "rare pitch of a true alto", she frequently appeared as Erda in Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen at the Leipzig Opera, Schwertleite in Die Walküre at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze with Zubin Mehta, and in Mahler's Symphony No. 2 (Resurrection) conducted by Antonio Pappano in Rome and Milan. Her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 2012 in Götterdämmerung was part of that company's documentary Wagner's Dream. Early life and education (1981–2000)
<mask> was born in Düsseldorf and had a brother, Bozidar, and a sister, Anna.Her father <mask> and his wife had immigrated from Austria and started a trading company. They were not particularly interested in music. During long drives to Austria, <mask> would sing for hours. At school she was a "rather unobtrusive, popular student" who enjoyed music lessons but found mathematics difficult. Her talent for singing remained unnoticed at school, but when she was 14, her parents introduced her to voice teacher Angelo Melzani, who told her, "I will get you into opera." As a teen she took part in the Rhenish Carnival and the Largest Fair on the Rhine (). Her father remembered her calling him excitedly after winning first prize in a beer-tent karaoke competition.She attended St. Ursula Gymnasium in Düsseldorf, finishing in 2000. Vocal education (2000–2008)
Radner pursued German studies for one semester, but left because she disliked it. She started training in an import–export business and had the best grades at the vocational school, but felt that it did not suit her. She applied to the Robert Schumann Hochschule for music in Düsseldorf and was one of seven selected from 200 applicants. Her voice teacher, Michaela Krämer, considered her to be a mezzo-soprano. Radner's father obtained additional voice lessons for her with Jeannette Zarou in Düsseldorf, and later with mezzo-soprano Marga Schiml, both of whom are experts in early music and Lieder. They recognized that she was really a contralto.Radner's mother died in 2003 after a long illness. Almost a year later, Radner earned her diploma. In the 2006 Bundeswettbewerb Gesang Berlin, she won the €3,000 third prize in the concert category and a scholarship from the Richard Wagner Society in Bayreuth to attend the 2007 Bayreuth Festival. In the concert division of the 2007 Cantilena Singing Competition, she placed second out of 120 vocalists from 19 countries. In 2008 she played Cornelia in Handel's Giulio Cesare in Egitto at the Theater Hagen. It was to be her only engagement as an ensemble member at a theatre. She decided that it was "not her world", not because it was no fun, but because she wanted to earn more, and she went independent.Radner was still a student in 2008 when she made her first public appearance under Zubin Mehta at the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia in Valencia, singing Martin y Soler's oratorio Philitaei a Jonatha disperse. She gave a recital in June 2008. In August 2008 Radner performed the title role in Handel's Solomon at the Bregenzer Festspiele. Local newspapers praised her as "outshining" the other, more established British soloists (Vorarlberger Nachrichten, 19 August 2008) and as possessing the "rare pitch of a true alto, having an impressive charisma and great musicality" (Vorarlberger Neue Tageszeitung, 20 August 2008). In 2009 she performed in a new production of Parsifal under Lorin Maazel in Valencia and in Arthur Honegger's Jeanne d'Arc au bûcher under the direction of Antonio Pappano at Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia in Rome. Career (2009–2015)
After graduating with distinction, Radner performed Schumann's Faust scenes under Jesús López-Cobos at the Teatro Real Madrid. She sang in Beethoven's Symphony No.9 conducted by Gianandrea Noseda at the Teatro Regio Torino. She performed a recital at Wahnfried on 16 August 2009 with works by Schubert, Brahms, Liszt and Wagner's Wesendonck Lieder. In December 2009 she sang the third lady in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte under Tomáš Netopil at the Bayerische Staatsoper in Munich in five performances. The conductor Sir Simon Rattle cast her as First Norn and Flosshilde in Götterdämmerung at the 2009 Festival d’Aix-en-Provence and again at the Salzburger Osterfestspiele in 2010. In 2009 and 2010, Radner was part of a new production of Stravinsky's Rossignol by the Canadian Opera Company in Toronto. She then sang Beethoven's Missa Solemnis under Philippe Herreweghe at the Concertgebouw Amsterdam. In 2010, she gave her first performance as Erda in a concert adaptation of Das Rheingold at the Leipzig Opera, a role she performed every year from then until her death.In the same year she sang in Mahler's Symphony No. 2 (the Resurrection) under Pappano in Rome and Milan. In the summer of 2010 she was part of a new production of Elektra at her first summer Salzburg Festival under Daniele Gatti and Die Frau ohne Schatten, conducted by Christian Thielemann. In October 2010 she appeared as Dryad in Ariadne auf Naxos at the Theater an der Wien, conducted by Bertrand de Billy. Radner performed the third lady in Die Zauberflöte at La Scala, conducted by Roland Böer and recorded on DVD, during March and April 2011, and Rheingold's Erda in Essen conducted by Stefan Soltesz in April. At the Salzburg Festival in July and August she was "a voice from above" and a servant in Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten under Christian Thielemann. She performed Martha in Tchaikovsky's Iolanta and "death" in Le Rossignol, both under Ivor Bolton.In November 2011 she sang Siegfried's Erda in Leipzig under Ulf Schirmer. In January 2012 Radner made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in Götterdämmerung. The production was documented in the film Wagner's Dream by Robert Lepage and the 11 February 2012 performance was recorded and broadcast by radio. In March 2012, she participated in Die Frau ohne Schatten at La Scala under Marc Albrecht. In the fall of 2012, she was at the Royal Opera House in London performing in three Wagner operas conducted by Pappano: the Erda in Siegfried and Rheingold during September and October, and the first norn in Götterdämmerung during October and November 2012. She sang in Dvorak's Requiem under Tomas Netopil in Lyon, and in Mahler's Symphony No. 3 under Sebastian Weigle in Frankfurt am Main.In January 2013 Radner appeared as the valkyrie Schwertleite in Die Walküre at the Teatro Comunale di Firenze under Zubin Mehta, and in March she again portrayed Erda in Das Rheingold, conducted by Ingo Metzmacher at the Grand Théâtre de Genève. She traveled to Bucharest in September, where she sang Erda in a concert performance of Das Rheingold with the Radio Symphony Orchestra Berlin under the direction of Marek Janowski. The 2013–2014 season also included Dvorak's Stabat Mater with Santa Cecilia in Rome under Netopil. From January to May 2014, in Geneva, Radner performed Erda in Siegfried, and in May in Das Rheingold conducted by Metzmacher. In April 2014 she performed as Anna in the Berlioz opera Les Troyens at La Scala under Pappano. Radner gave her final performance as the earth goddess Erda on 23 March 2015 in Wagner's Siegfried at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona. She had been scheduled to appear at Bayreuth in the summer of 2015.Personal life

Scottish mezzo-soprano Karen Cargill summarized "<mask>er, my beloved friend" in The Guardian: "She was the most generous-spirited person I have ever met. Hysterical laughter, an obsession with all things Burberry, unadulterated passion for Bayern Munich and the warmest of hugs were things you could always be guaranteed of when you were with her. Her son and partner were her whole life." Further down Cargill qualified the latter, in that "Music was <mask>'s entire life until she met her partner and they had their son." The authors of an article in the German weekly Stern echoed this sentiment when they wrote that "Radner was a happy mother. Radner had a side, that many internationally successful opera stars are not privy to: her own family." Stern described photos of her private life, published one week prior in Bild, showing the young woman embraced by her partner Sascha Schenk in the soccer stadium with a scarf of FC Bayern Munich, and him holding their infant son, who is sitting on a motorbike.Stern wrote that "privately Radner was able to simply be <mask>, the wife of insurance specialist Sascha S."

According to Opernnetz "Radner had moved with [Schenk] to Wuppertal-Kronenberg." Bild wrote "They lived in Mettmann. She was travelling a lot professionally, while he looked after his insurance clients in Wuppertal." <mask> and Schenk had one son, Felix, born on 12 September 2013. Death

Radner died on 24 March 2015, along with her husband Sascha Schenk, their 18-month-old son Felix, and her colleague Oleg Bryjak, when Germanwings Flight 9525 crashed near Prads-Haute-Bléone, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France. The First Officer had a history of depression, barricaded himself into the cockpit, and deliberately crashed the plane into the mountains. They were en route to Düsseldorf after Radner's and Bryjak's two performances in Wagner's Siegfried at the Gran Teatre del Liceu in Barcelona.Radner's voice teacher Michaela Krämer said "she was a magnificent artist and yet remained unassuming, helpful and natural". The Metropolitan Opera issued a brief statement, mourning her "untimely and tragic death" and calling her "a gifted artist who touched the lives of many". The Deutsche Oper am Rhein expressed sympathy. Discography
Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin Choir / Wagner – Richard Wagner: Das Rheingold. 28 May 2013. PentaTone Classics. Gürzenich-Orchester Köln / Markus Stenz, conductor: Gustav Mahler: Symphony No.8. Oehms Classics; recording of a September 2011 live performance in the Philharmonie Köln. <mask> as <mask>a (Part 2, Acta Sanctorum). References

External links
<mask> on IAAC Italartist Austroconcert accessed on 2016-07-29
, Erda in Wagner's Das Rheingold with the Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, conducted by Marek Janowski, audio 5:20 minutes, recorded by PentaTone classics, undated. , "Mon cœur s'ouvre à ta voix" (Saint-Saëns: Samson et Dalila) audio 5:43 minutes, undated. , accompanied by pianist Simon Lepper. Rosenblatt Recitals, London, video 3:33 minutes, 13 January 2010.
, Mahler Symphony No.3, accompanied by Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin, audio 8:27 minutes, undated. , Mahler's Des Knaben Wunderhorn, audio 4:43 minutes, undated. , Wagner's Götterdämmerung with the Berliner Philharmoniker conducted by Sir Simon Rattle, audio 4:18 minutes, undated. Trauer um Wagner-Sänger / Oleg Bryjak und <mask>er verunglückt Bayerischer Rundfunk, 25 March 2015

1981 births
2015 deaths
German contraltos
German people of Austrian descent
Operatic contraltos
Musicians from Düsseldorf
People murdered in France
German people murdered abroad
Robert Schumann Hochschule alumni
21st-century German  women opera singers
Mass murder victims
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in France
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2015

masks:
Maria Friderike Radner
Maria Friderike Radner
Klaus Radner
Maria
Maria Radn
Maria
Maria
Radner
Maria Radner
Maria Egyptiac
Maria Radner
Maria Radn


texts:
<mask> (Rotterdam, 16 November 1926 - Paris, 31 May 1996) was a Dutch composer. He occasionally experimented with microtonality. Life and career
Taught by Henk Badings, Olivier Messiaen and others, and in his youth influenced by Béla Bartók, De Leeuw was a teacher at the University of Amsterdam and later professor of composition and electronic music at the Sweelinck Conservatory in Amsterdam from 1959 to 1986, at which institute he served as director from 1971–73. For his notable students,

"When I was quite young I once accidentally tuned in on a radio broadcast from an Arabian station. I was thunderstruck: I became deeply aware that there were other people living on this earth, living in thoroughly different conditions, having other thoughts and feelings" (Ton <mask>w, 1978). He studied ethnomusicology with Jaap Kunst between 1950 and 1954  and the encounter with the Dagar brothers and Drupad on his first visit to India in 1961 deepened a lifelong interest in "transculturation". Since then he has travelled throughout the world: Japan, Indonesia, Australia, the Philippines, Persia, the Sovjet Union, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland, where he hold workshops and lectures on the East-West relationship in music.In the seventies <mask> and André Jurres initiated the renowned Music-Cultural gatherings Musicultura at Queeckhoven House in Breukelen, the Netherlands. See: The World of Music Vol. 20, No. 2, Musicultura: Three Orient-Occident Encounters organized by the Eduard van Beinum Foundation—Final Report (1978), pp. 10–14. This manifested itself in his work for Western instruments by the occasional use of microtonality, as in his String Quartet No. 2 (1964), as well as in compositional plans;  Gending (1975) for Javanese gamelan is a rare foray into writing for non-western instruments.In 1956 <mask> <mask> was awarded the Prix Italia for his radiophonic oratorio Job. He wrote three operas, all to his own libretti, including a television opera Alceste (1963, after Euripides), the one-act De Droom ("the Dream", 1963), and finally Antigone (1989–1991, after Sophocles). In 2005 his 1964 book on twentieth-century music was published in English translation as Music of the Twentieth Century: A Study of Its Elements and Structure (Amsterdam: University Press, 1995), also in Swedish and German. Olivier Messiaen wrote about his later works: '<mask> <mask>w's music is essentially diatonic. He uses modes, melodic lines, counterpoints, chords, but it all remains diatonic. Hardly any discords. The colour white, or just a shade bluish, sometimes a golden light is added.Treatment of the 12 voices in his work about the “Cantique des Cantiques” [Song of Songs] also remains diatonic, both in his pianissimo and forte. His work on part of “l’Apocalypse” [The Book of Revelation] provides a new timbral element with staccato of the horn and the clarinet. Plainsong is introduced in his “Psaumes pour la Messe des Morts” [Psalms for the Requiem Mass], as well as dramatic effects where the beating of the tam-tam comes up against the ostinatos of the marimba, against the calls of the female voice. There are even bunches of chords with the use of modes. But the spirit always remains diatonic in a static way that is very close to the type of oriental music which penetrates the listener and gets him into a semi-oneiric state, the state of a waking dream.' <mask> <mask>w wrote about 160 compositions, spanning the whole range from solo pieces to complete operas, but it is the vocal and, more specifically, the choral works which reveal most clearly what he was striving to obtain: a conjunction of the essence of past and present, a link between Eastern and Western thought, and the result was a unique purity of expression. His last work, 'Three Shakespeare Songs', was performed on 13 June 1996 by Rosemary Hardy with the Ensemble InterContemporain.1974. "Melody". In: Dictionary of Twentieth-Century Music, pp. 467–71. London: Thames and Hudson. Moore, Sylvia. 1974."Reflections on Musicultura 1974–1976", Sonorum Speculum, no. 57:30-39. Manneke, Daan. 1974. "Ton <mask>w and His Music for Organ and 12 Players", Sonorum Speculum, no. 49:7-12. Helm, Everett.1979. "The Music of Ton de Leeuw", Key Notes, nos. 9:3–12. <mask>, Ton de. 1983. The adaptation of Asian music  forms in contemporary music, Final Report of the Asian Composers Conference [Hong Kong 1981] (Composer's Guild, Hong Kong 1983), p. 40-47. Groot, Rokus <mask>.1986. "Aspects of <mask> <mask>w’s Musical Universe". Key Notes, nos. 23:17–31. Groot, Rokus de. 1995. "The Concept of Extended Modality in Recent Works by <mask> <mask>w".In Ethnomusicology in the Netherlands: Present Situation and Traces of the Past, edited by Wim van Zanten and Marjolijn J. van Roon, 93–112. Oideion: The Performing Arts Worldwide 2; CNWS Publications 35. Leiden: Research School CNWS. .
Groot, Rokus <mask>. 2001. "Leeuw, Ton [Antonius Wilhemus Adrianus] de". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers.Jurrien Slighter [ed.] 2013, <mask> <mask>w, London: Harwood Academic Publishers. (with contributions by Olivier Messiaen, Rokus <mask>, Jurrien Slighter, '<mask> <mask>w', William P. Malm, Trân Van Khê and Richard Hees). 1926 births
1996 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Academics of the Conservatorium van Amsterdam
Dutch male classical composers
Dutch classical composers
Dutch opera composers
Musicians from Rotterdam
20th-century Dutch male musicians

masks:
Antonius Wilhelmus Adrianus de Leeuw
de Leeu
De Leeuw
Ton
de Leeuw
Ton
de Leeu
Ton
de Leeu
de Leeu
Leeuw
de
Ton
de Leeu
Ton
de Leeu
de
Ton
de Leeu
de Groot
Ton
de Leeu


texts:
Dr. <mask> is a professor at the National Centre of Excellence in Geology at the University of Peshawar. He had been selected as the vice-chancellor of the Fata University by the Governor Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Sardar Mahtab Ahmad Khan. He became the director of the National Centre of Excellence in Geology at the University of Peshawar in 2013 and served there for more than 34 years. Dr. <mask> has made contributions to science and technology both nationally and internationally by convening/organizing two international and four national level conferences/workshops and have participated and delivered talks in large number of national and international conferences mainly in the United States, UK, Italy, Austria, China, Bangkok, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, and Afghanistan. He remained the principal and co-principal investigator of several national and international projects worth more than 10 million Rs. and also remained the project director of a national-level project. <mask> has carried out extensive geological research in understanding the genesis of the various types of rocks, mineral deposits (especially lead, zinc, copper, and manganese) and gemstones in the northern parts of Pakistan.He supervised an international collaborative project of exploration for source rock for gold and precious metals in the Gilgit-Baltistan region. He has also established state of the art geochemistry laboratory in the National Centre of Excellence in Geology, whereby analysis of rocks, minerals, soil, plants, and water are carried out through sophisticated instruments. The researchers throughout Pakistan acquired geochemical data from this laboratory for their national and international publications. For the last several years he has developed an interest in the environmental problems of the country and has researched in the field of Environmental Geology. <mask> has remained a teacher at the University of Peshawar. Education and life

<mask> <mask> was born in the village in Sirikot, Ghazil Tehsil, Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa  on 20 July 1956. He got his primary education from his village Sirikot, higher secondary education from the Central Model School located in Mianwali in 1972 and intermediate from the Islamia College Peshawar in 1975.He obtained B.Sc. (Hons) Geology in 1978 and MSc Geology from the Department of Geology, the University of Peshawar in 1981. He was appointed as a Research Associate (BS-17)<mask> <mask> was born in the village in Sirikot, Ghazil Tehsil, Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa on 20 July 1956. He got his primary education from his village Sirikot, higher secondary education from the Central Model School located in Mianwali in 1972 and intermediate from the Islamia College Peshawar in 1975. He obtained B.Sc. (Hons) Geology in 1978 and MSc Geology from the Department of Geology, the University of Peshawar in 1981. He was appointed as a Research Associate (BS-17) in the National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar in 1982.In 1986, he received the first M.Phil. degree in Geology from the University of Peshawar. <mask> won the Thomas Jefferson Ph.D. scholarship and proceeded to the University of South Carolina, Columbia (USA) in 1987 and returned to Pakistan, after completing his Ph.D., in 1991. He was promoted to assistant professor (1992–1995), associate professor (1995–2002), professor (2009), and tenured professor (2009–2016). Academic career

In recognition of <mask>'s research contributions in the field of earth and environmental sciences, the President of Pakistan awarded him Civil Award (Tamgha-e-Imtiaz) in the field of science on the eve of 14 August 2014. He was also awarded the Presidential Award (Izaz-I-Fazeelat) on the eve of 14 August 2001. He is the recipient of the Gold Medal of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences for his research in 2005.The Pakistan Book Foundation awarded him the Earth Scientist of the year award for his publications in the Earth Sciences in the year 1994–95. He was also awarded IUCN 2001 Environmental award in Academia by SPCS, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. He has been awarded Productivity Awards on his international papers for the years 2003–2005 and 2009–2013. He is listed in the directory Productive Scientists of Pakistan published by the Pakistan Council of Science and Technology, Islamabad in 2011–2014. He has also received the Star Laureate award and Zafar H. Zaidi Gold Medal for the year 2006 by the South Asia Publications (SAP) in recognition of his credentials par excellence in the field of education. <mask> has been and is a member of the boards of studies of various universities, including the University of Peshawar, University of Haripur, Benazir Women University, Quaid-i-Azam University, University of Sargodha, AJK University, University of Poonch, and COMSAT Institute of IT, Abbottabad, and Islamabad. He is a member of the Board of Faculty of the University of Swabi, the Board of Directors of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Oil and Gas Company (Ltd) and the Board of Governors of the Centre of Excellence in Mineralogy, University of Baluchistan.<mask> remained a member of the Ph.D. Review Committee and the National Curriculum Revision Committee of the HEC, Islamabad. He is the chief-editor of the HEC recognized Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences and also remained the Sub-Editor of the Journal of Science & Technology, University of Peshawar. <mask> has also won the prestigious Fulbright (1999–2000) and Commonwealth (2000–2001) Post-Doctoral fellowships and has carried out Post-Doctoral research at the University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, U.S., and University of Leicester, UK, respectively. He remained the senior vice president of the National Geological Society of Pakistan (2006–2008). Awards

 Civil Award (Tamgha-e-Imtiaz) was awarded by the President of Pakistan in the field of science on the eve of 14 August 2014 and the medal was decorated on me by the Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mr. Sardar Mehtab Amed Khan Abbasi, on 23 March 2015 in a ceremony held in the Governor house. Received Presidential award (Izaz-I-Fazeelat) on academic distinction from President of Pakistan in 2001. Received the PAS Gold Medal 2005 from the Pakistan Academy of Sciences, Government of Pakistan in recognition of the outstanding research in the field of Earth Sciences on 24 December 2005.Received Earth Scientist of the year 1994–1995 award from National Book Foundation, Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan. Received the Star Laureate award and Zafar H. Zaidi Gold Medal for the year 2006 from the South Asia Publications (SAP) in recognition of my credentials par excellence in the field of education and my name has been included in the SAP's prestigious profile book Who's Who in Pakistan. Received Research Productivity award for years 2003–2005 and 2011–2013 from the Council of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan. Received Research Excellence award 2011 from the Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar. Received the IUCN-Environmental Award in academia for the year 2000–2001 from the Sarhad Provincial Conservation strategy (SPCS). Received Commonwealth Post-Doctoral Fellowship award for the year 2000–2001 and completed one-year research at the University of Leicester, UK. Earned Fulbright Post-Doctoral Fellowship award for the year 1999–2000 and completed nine months Fulbright tenure at the University of Nevada, Reno, USA.Received Honorary Citizenship of the city of Memphis, Tennessee (USA) and a key to the city (1988)
 Received Honorary Memphis City Councilman, Tennessee (U.S.) (1988). Received USAID Thomas Jefferson Fellowship award for four years for the completion of doctoral research at the University of South Carolina, Columbia, U.S. Honors

 Got top position consecutively in 2011–2014 in the field of Earth Sciences as mentioned in the Book Productive Scientists of Pakistan published by the Pakistan Council of Science and Technology, Islamabad. Selected as a member of the Departmental Tenure Review Committee (DTRC) of the Department of Geography, the University of Peshawar on March 19, 2015. Selected as a member of the Board of Studies of Geology, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jummu and Kashmir (September 2014)
 Selected as a member of the Board of Studies of Geology Department, University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, (September 2014)
 Selected as a member of the Board of Directors of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Oil and Gas Company Limited (KP OGCL) (May 2014)
 Selected as a member of the Board of Studies of the Department of Earth Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad (January 2014)
 Selected as a member of the Committee for Revision of Research Productivity Award by the Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Islamabad, (2013). Selected as a member of the Ph.D. Review Committee for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Baluchistan Region by the Higher Education Commission, Islamabad (January 4, 2013. Working as Reviewing Editor of the International Journal of Environmental Geotechnics.Working as Chief-Editor of the Journal of Himalayan Earth Sciences, University of Peshawar. Remained sub-Editor of the Journal of Science and Technology, University of Peshawar. Selected as a member of the Board of Studies of Department of Environmental Sciences, of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad (January 2012). Selected as a member of the Board of Studies of Department of Meteorology, of COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad for (August 2011). Shortlisted for an interview by the Search Committee for the position of Vice-Chancellor of Hazara University (2010). Selected as member Expert working Group on Development of Mineral Wealth for 10th Five-year plan 2010–15 by the Planning Commission, Government of Pakistan (August 2009). Selected as a member of the Steering Committee of the project PC-11 Source rock mapping and investigation for hydrocarbon in FATA (August 2008).Elected as the Senior Vice President of the National Geological Society of Pakistan for the years 2006 to 2008. Selected as a member of the Board of Faculties of Social Sciences of the Frontier Women University, Peshawar (March 2007). Selected as a member of the Advisory Committee for Development of Chromite and Gypsum in NWFP and FATA by the Industries and Mineral Division, NWFP (August 2007). Selected as a member of the Peshawar University Reform Committee for Examination. References

1956 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Leicester
FATA University faculty
Islamia College University alumni
Pakistani geologists
People from Haripur District
University of Nevada alumni
University of Peshawar alumni
University of Peshawar faculty
University of South Carolina alumni

masks:
Mohammad Tahir Shah
Mohammad Tahir Shah
Shah
Shah
Mohammad Tahir
Shah
Mohammad Tahir
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shah


texts:
<mask> (26 December 1930 – 20 December 2018) was a British–American actor with a decades-long career in film and stage in the United States. He began his acting career on- and off-Broadway, which included appearances in The Wild Duck and Right You Are If You Think You Are, earning a Tony Award nomination for both, as well as Painting Churches, for which he received an Obie Award. Moffat also appeared in several feature films, including The Thing and The Right Stuff, along with his guest appearances in the television series Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman and The West Wing. Early life
Moffat was born in Plymouth, Devon, the only child of Kathleen Mary (née Smith) and <mask>, an insurance agent. His father was Scottish. His parents ran a boarding house in Totnes. Completing his studies at the local King Edward VI School and national service in the Army from 1949 to 1951, Moffat trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London.Career

Stage
<mask> began his career as a stage actor in London and New York City. His first work was at the Old Vic Theatre Company in London. After moving to the United States, <mask> worked as a bartender and a lumberjack in Oregon, his wife's home state. "After six months," he said, "I realized that I was an actor and I would always be an actor. And an actor must act. So I started acting again." His first acting job in the United States was in Princeton, New Jersey.He worked as a carpenter, and his wife did ironing in order to supplement his $25 per week pay. He joined APA (The Association of Producing Artists), a repertory company on Broadway, and was nominated for a Tony for Best Actor in a Play in 1967 for his roles in revivals of Henrik Ibsen's The Wild Duck and Pirandello's Right You Are If You Think You Are. He was nominated for Drama Desk Awards for Outstanding Actor in a Play for his work in Play Memory (1984) and for Outstanding Featured Actor in the revival of Eugene O'Neill's The Iceman Cometh (1986) with Jason Robards. He won an Obie for Painting Churches. In 1998, he was nominated for a Gemini Award for his performance as attorney Joe Ruah in the CBC miniseries The Sleep Room. He also appeared in many Broadway and Off-Broadway plays, including John Guare's A Few Stout Individuals (as Ulysses S. Grant), The Heiress, The Cherry Orchard, Much Ado About Nothing, The School for Scandal, The Affair and Hamlet. Film
Among Moffat's best-known film roles are as Lyndon B. Johnson in The Right Stuff (1983), the corrupt U.S. President in Clear and Present Danger, and as Garry, the station commander in The Thing.Television
<mask> played Enos in the CBS western miniseries The Chisholms, Lars Lundstrom in the ABC drama The New Land. and Rem in the CBS science-fiction series Logan's Run. He also appeared in The West Wing; Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman and Tales of the City, in which his performance as dying executive Edgar Halcyon earned him many new fans. One of his final roles was as Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick in the HBO movie, 61*. Moffat's last role was as a judge in an episode of Law & Order: Trial by Jury in 2005. Personal life
<mask> married actress Anne Murray in 1954; they had a daughter, Wendy, and a son, Gabriel, before divorcing in 1968. He later married actress Gwen Arner.Moffat died on 20 December 2018 in Sleepy Hollow, New York, of complications from a stroke. Selected TV and filmography

 The Battle of the River Plate (U.S. title Pursuit of the Graf Spee) (1956) as Swanston, Lookout,  (uncredited)
 Rachel, Rachel (1968) as Niall Cameron
 R. P. M. (1970) as Perry Howard
 The High Chaparral (1970) as Henry Simmons
 Night Gallery (1971, Episode: "Pickman's Model") as Uncle George
 The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid (1972) as Manning
 Showdown (1973) as Art Williams
 The Terminal Man (1974) as Dr. Arthur McPherson
 Earthquake (1974) as Dr. Harvey Johnson
 The Call of the Wild (1976) as Simpson
 Ebony, Ivory & Jade (1976) as Ian Cabot
 The Waltons (1977) as Mr. Morgan
 Family (1976 TV series) (1977) as Philip Raskin
 Exo-Man (1977) as Wallace Rogers
 Logan's Run (1977-1978, TV Series) as Rem
 Eleanor and Franklin: The White House Years (1977) as Harry Hopkins
 Land of No Return (1978) as Air Traffic Controller
 The Word (1978, TV Series) as Henri Aubert
 Promises in the Dark (1979) as Dr. Walter McInerny
 On the Nickel (1980) as Sam
 Popeye (1980) as the Taxman
 The Chisholms CBS miniseries (1980) as Enos
 The Thing (1982) as M.T. Garry
 The Right Stuff (1983) as U.S. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson
 License to Kill (1984) as Webster
 The Best of Times (1986) as the Colonel
 Monster in the Closet (1986) as General Franklin D. Turnbull
 The Bourne Identity (1988) as David Abbott; in the 2002 film version the role is re-imagined as Deputy Director Ward Abbott (played by Brian Cox)
 The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1988) as Chief Surgeon
 Far North (1988) as Uncle Dane
 Music Box (1989) as Harry Talbot
 The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990) as Mr. McCoy
 Class Action (1991) as Quinn
 Regarding Henry (1991) as Charlie Cameron
 Babe Ruth (1991) as Jacob Ruppert
 Housesitter (1992) as George Davis
 Love, Cheat & Steal (1993) as Frank Harrington
 Clear and Present Danger (1994) as the fictional President Bennett
 Trapped in Paradise (1994) as Clifford Anderson
 The Evening Star (1996) as Hector Scott
  The Sleep Room (1998) as Joe Ruah
 Cookie's Fortune (1999) as Jack Palmer
 61* (2001) as Ford Frick
 The West Wing (2003) as Talmidge "Tal" Cregg (C.J. 's Father)
 Law & Order: Trial by Jury (2005, TV Series) as a Judge (final appearance)

References

Bibliography
Terrace, Vincent (2011). Encyclopedia of television shows, 1925 through 2010 (2nd ed.). Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company, Inc. . External links

1930 births
2018 deaths
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
English emigrants to the United States
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English people of Scottish descent
American people of Scottish descent
Male actors from Plymouth
People from Totnes

masks:
Donald Moffat
Walter George Moffat
Moffat
Moffat
Moffat
Moffat