texts:
<mask> (; born June 25, 1974) is a Romanian activist against discrimination based on faith and religion, an advocate of the separation of church and state and the founder of the Solidarity for Freedom of Conscience Association. From 2012 to 2016, he served as a member of the Chamber of Deputies. He was also president of the Green Party (PV). He ran in the 2009 Romanian presidential election, and was a candidate for Green Party (PV), gaining over 60,000 votes, or a share of 0.62% of the votes. In October 2010, he left the Green Party over ideological differences and created the Green Movement (Mișcarea Verzilor). Biography
Born in Bucharest, he lived in Hunedoara for 14 years, where his father worked as a geologist, then moved back to Bucharest in 1988. In 1998, he founded the Noesis Cultural Society, an organization which edited the first Romanian e-books and multimedia encyclopedias dedicated to subjects of the Romanian culture: a CD-ROM containing 50 e-books and encyclopedias about Ion Luca Caragiale and Constantin Brâncuși.These projects earned the Noesis Society the prize for the best educational product (2002 edition) given by the Presidency of Romania. Cernea studied Philosophy at the University of Bucharest (UB) but he did not graduate. In 2003, he founded the Association "Solidarity for Freedom of Conscience", a secularist and humanist organization which militates for freedom of thought, separation of church and state and against discrimination based on faith and religion. Cernea published in 2007 a book of essays and articles named "Manifest împotriva becalizării României" (A Manifest Against the Becalization of Romania), in which he argues that the "Becalization" (derived from the name of Gigi Becali, a nationalist politician who stresses his allegiance to the Romanian Orthodox Church) is threatening the values of an open society. Views
<mask> argues that in Romania there is an "unacceptable collusion between the politicians and the Church",  and that although officially there is a separation of Church and state, practically, the Romanian Orthodox Church and the state are "intimately linked". He considers himself a "freethinker", which he describes as being more encompassing than the term of "atheist", considering the term of atheist a bit too limited and wanting to retain an "area of speculation and openness". His 2009 electoral platform was based on 10 points which he details on his blog and include: supporting conciliation and dialog within the Romanian society, supporting human rights and fight against discrimination, closer ties with Romania's neighbours, supporting green technologies, sustainable development, and green agriculture, increase in funding for education and research to 10% of the Romanian GDP, freer election system that is more fair to smaller parties, full separation of church and state and a national dialog on social issues such as legalization of prostitution, the problem of drugs and the recognition of heterosexual and homosexual civil unions.Political activity
In 1997, as a protest toward the nationalism found in Romanian politics, Cernea joined the ethnic Hungarian party, the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ), despite being ethnically Romanian. <mask> announced his intention to run as a Green Party candidate in the January 17, 2010 by-election for the Romanian Chamber of Deputies seat (in the Sector 1 of Bucharest), vacated after the appointment of Bogdan Olteanu as deputy governor of the National Bank, however, the Bucharest Central Municipal Bureau rejected his candidature, because he is not a member of a parliamentary party, as the law requires in case of a by-election. The appeal of the decision and of the constitutionality of the law were rejected and <mask> announced he wants to dispute the law at the European Court of Human Rights. 2009 Presidential election

In August 2009, <mask> announced his intention of running for presidency as a candidate of the Green Party (PV). He and the Green Party gathered the needed 200,000 signatures and submitted them to Electoral Bureau on the last day before the beginning of the electoral campaign, October 23, 2008. In an interview for Evenimentul Zilei, Cernea said that he wants to offer an alternative to the mainstream politics and he tries to attract the 60-70% of the voters who are disappointed by the politicians and do not want to go to the polls. Although Cernea tried to obtain a debate, no candidate from the top three parties accepted a debate involving him.<mask>'s political campaign was especially visible on the Internet, having the most Facebook supporters of all the candidates. He says that unlike the top candidates' campaigns, his campaign was exclusively based on the enthusiasm of some young volunteers who helped him purely through pro-bono work. <mask> was the 8th out of 12 candidates, gaining 60,539 votes, or a share of 0.62%. The highest percentages were in the Bucharest sectors 3 (1.13%) and 6 (1.04%), Cluj County (0.9%) and among the voters abroad (1.0%). Member of Parliament
<mask> ran in the 2012 Romanian legislative election on the center-left Social Liberal Union (USL) ticket in a constituency in Constanța County, being one of the three candidates of the Green Party (PV) in the elections. He won the district, having 20,565 votes (57.23%). Law proposals

Church financing reform

In April 2013, <mask> announced that he is preparing a law proposal that would cut the state financing of churches from the state budget and institute a church tax similar to the one in Germany.Prime Minister Ponta announced that the USL coalition does not support his proposal and his proposal was met with opposition. Mayor of Constanța, Radu Mazăre, called him "an idiot" and said that he'll "break his legs" if Cernea comes to Constanța. Gigi Becali called him a "satanist" and argued that Cernea should be sent to an insane asylum or to prison. The Romanian Orthodox Church reacted to Cernea's proposal through a press release in which they argued that the state assumed an obligation in 1863 following the Secularization of monastery estates and that the proposal is "unrealistic and inadequate for today's Romania" and that it would create a "crisis in the relationship between the state and religious organizations". Same-sex civil unions

Also in April 2013, Cernea announced that he intends to propose the legalization of civil unions for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples. Cernea introduced a bill for same-sex civil unions, which was defeated in Parliament on 17 December 2015. Electoral history

Presidential elections

Campaigns as activist

Church in the University courtyard

In 1998, the Philosophy and Law departments of the University of Bucharest (UB) shared a building and in its courtyard, it was decided to build a church.After the place was hallowed, <mask>, who was studying philosophy at the University, together with three other students, wrote a letter of protest, organized a conference about the subject and gathered 150 signatures against the building of the church. The Association of Christian Orthodox students gathered a list of 3,000 signatures supporting the building of the church. As the scandal was booming, the rector decided to defuse it by banning any conference on the subject. The project of the building of the church was cancelled and the Orthodox icons in the University classrooms were removed. Icons in schools
According to <mask>, following the fall of Nicolae Ceauşescu, in schools, his portraits were replaced with Romanian Orthodox icons. In 2005, Emil Moise, a philosophy teacher from Buzău began a campaign against the display of religious items in schools. <mask>'s association supported his case for the removal of icons from schools, arguing that the religious symbols represent a discrimination against non-Orthodox children and an infringement against the neutrality of the state.Additionally, as 90% of the schools held religious services, Cernea argued that this practice was also illegal, as the Romanian penal code bans forcing anyone to participate to any religious ceremony. The movement against icons in schools generated a large debate in the Romanian society and media. In CNCD Decision 323/2006, the National Council for Combating Discrimination ruled that the display of religious icons was discriminatory. However, the Ministry of Education argued that it cannot remove the icons because they were not the ones who put them there in the first place and that local communities should decide whether to keep the icons or not. Romanian People Salvation Cathedral

The Romanian People Salvation Cathedral is a large-scale cathedral construction project envisioned by the Romanian Orthodox Church. The government of Romania originally wanted the cathedral to be built it in the place of Carol Park, but following protests, including those organized by the Solidarity for Freedom of Conscience Association, it changed the plans. Finally, in 2007, the state gave the Orthodox Church about 11 hectares of land in central Bucharest, next to the Palace of the Parliament and it promised it will pay partly the construction costs.Cernea argued that both the donation of the terrain and giving the additional funds represent a misuse of state funds and is illegal. The Solidarity for Freedom of Conscience Association also contested the name "Romanian People Salvation Cathedral", arguing that it has nationalistic overtones, by linking being Romanian to affiliation to the Orthodox Church. School curriculum

In 2007, Cernea's association announced that the new curriculum of Romania had quietly removed the requirement of teaching Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution from biology textbooks, as well as the debate on the existence of God (the study of Voltaire, Camus, and Nietzsche), from philosophy textbooks. Cernea argues that the current curriculum lacks the scientific and philosophical points of view, but in the same time, in religion classes, the seven-day creationism is taught, distorting the children's understanding of how the world came into being. In February 2008, his association asked the Ministry of Education to re-introduce explicitly the theory of evolution in the biology curriculum, arguing that Romania is the only European country in which it is not studied in detail and organized a protest in front of the headquarters of the Ministry of Education for the reintroduction of evolution in the curriculum. In a 2009 interview for Dilema Veche, Cernea says that there are not only textbooks that do not describe evolution, but there are some approved textbooks that teach creationism. He argues that the school curriculum is particularly important, since it influences the high school students' choice of university study and that this is why in Romania there's a huge number of those studying theology, with a dwindling number of students studying sciences.Other initiatives
In 2006, the association organized a concert against the new law regulating religion in Romania, which banned "religious defamation". In the concert participated Luna Amară, Vama, Sarmalele Reci among others. In May 2007, he organized a small-scale protest against president Traian Băsescu's racist and sexist affirmations, and in August 2007, the association argued against the practice at the national radio station of beginning the programme with a reading of Lord's Prayer. In August 2009, he protested against a law project made by the Romanian Government, which would have increased the number of signatures needed for running in the presidential elections to 500,000 and also required a €300,000 sum to be paid as a bail, only to be returned if the candidate gets a certain percentage. <mask> argued that this breaks the free and fair election standards found in Code of Good Practice in Electoral Matters of the Council of Europe and that it would monopolize the elections to those "rich and corrupt". Prime Minister Emil Boc, however, announced that the law project would be dropped. In May 2010, <mask> <mask> is taking part, along with other high-ranking members from the Green Party (PV) at the GayFest, the annual gay pride festival of Bucharest.<mask> <mask> declared that he will candidate for the forthcoming 2024 Romanian presidential election in an effort to counteract the political extremism in Romania. Books
 <mask> <mask>, Manifest împotriva becalizării României , Tritonic 2007

References

External links
  remuscernea.ro: Official site
  Romanian Humanist Association
www.humanism.ro: Solidaritatea pentru libertatea de conştiinţă
"Manifest împotriva becalizării României", at Tritonic publishing house

1974 births
Living people
Politicians from Bucharest
Romanian human rights activists
Romanian environmentalists
Romanian agnostics
Romanian secularists
Candidates for President of Romania
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Romania)
University of Bucharest alumni

masks:
Remus Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Cernea
Remus
Cernea
Remus
Cernea
Remus
Cernea


type: original

texts:
<mask>  (18 September 1786, in Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany – 21 February 1862, in Weinsberg, Baden-Württemberg) was a German poet, practicing physician, and medical writer. He gave the first detailed description of botulism. Life
He was born at Ludwigsburg in Württemberg. After attending the classical schools of Ludwigsburg and Maulbronn, he was apprenticed in a cloth factory, but, in 1804, owing to the good services of Professor Karl Philipp Conz, was able to enter the University of Tübingen. He studied medicine but also had time for literary pursuits in the company of Ludwig Uhland, Gustav Schwab and others. He took his doctor's degree in 1808, spent some time travelling, and then settled as a practising physician in Wildbad. Here he completed his Reiseschatten von dem Schattenspieler Luchs (1811), in which his own experiences are described with caustic humour.He next collaborated with Uhland and Schwab in the Poetischer Almanach for 1812, which was followed by the Deutscher Dichterwald (1813), and in these some of <mask>'s best poems were published. In 1815 he obtained the official appointment of district medical officer (Oberamtsarzt) in Gaildorf, and in 1818 was transferred to Weinsberg, where he spent the rest of his life. His house, the site of which at the foot of the historical Schloss Weibertreu was presented to him by the townspeople, became a mecca for literary pilgrims, all of whom were made welcome. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden came with a knapsack on his back. The poets, Christian Friedrich Alexander von Württemberg and Nikolaus Lenau were constant guests, and in 1826 Friederike Hauffe (1801–1829), the daughter of a forester in Prevorst, a somnambulist and clairvoyante, arrived; she forms the subject of Kerner's famous work Die Seherin von Prevorst, Eröffnungen über das innere Leben des Menschen und über das Hineinragen einer Geisterwelt in die unsere (The Seeress of Prevorst, revelations of the human inner life and about the penetrations of the spirit world into ours, 1829; 6th ed., 1892). In 1826 he published a collection of Gedichte which were later supplemented by Der letzte Blütenstrauß (1852) and Winterblüten (1859). Among others of his well-known poems are the charming ballad Der reichste Fürst; a drinking song, Wohlauf, noch getrunken, and the pensive Wanderer in der Sägemühle.In addition to his literary productions, <mask> wrote some popular medical books, dealing with animal magnetism, the first treatise on sebacic acid and botulism, Das Fettgift oder die Fettsäure und ihre Wirkung auf den tierischen Organismus (1822), and a description of Wildbad and its healing waters, Das Wildbad im Königreich Württemberg (1813). He also gave a vivid account of his youthful years in Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit (1859) and, in Die Bestürmung der württembergischen Stadt Weinsberg im Jahre 1525 (1820), showed considerable skill in historical narrative. In 1851 he was compelled, owing to increasing blindness, to retire from his medical practice, but he lived, carefully tended by his daughters, at Weinsberg until his death. He was buried beside his wife, who had died in 1854, in the graveyard of Weinsberg, and the grave is marked by a stone slab with an inscription he himself had chosen: Friederike <mask> und ihr Justinus. Association with George Rapp and the Harmony Society
In Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit, <mask> recalls George Rapp's visits to his father, the Oberamtmann at Maulbronn. <mask>'s father had helped shield Rapp from religious prosecution by the authorities in Germany, and Kerner well remembered Rapp and his long black beard. George Rapp and his followers eventually left Germany in 1803, settled in the United States, and started the Harmony Society.Die Seherin von Prevorst and its tale about <mask>'s relationship with Friederike Hauffe — the latter reputed to have visionary and healing powers, and who had produced a strange 'inner' language containing Hebrew-like elements — made quite an impression among the members of the Harmony Society in 1829, who saw it as confirmation of the approaching millennium and of their religious views. Evaluations
 "<mask> was one of the most inspired poets of the Swabian school. His poems, which largely deal with natural phenomena, are characterized by a deep melancholy and a leaning towards the supernatural, which, however, is balanced by a quaint humour, reminiscent of the Volkslied." — 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
 "The poems and dramatic scenes of his Reiseschatten are characterized by a dreamy fancy and a peculiar fantastic humor." — New International Encyclopedia
 "He was at times morbid, fanciful, dreamy, sensitive and poetic and endowed with a strange, fantastic humor . . ." — 1920 Encyclopedia Americana

The Saw
The Saw was translated by William Cullen Bryant and was included in Graham's Magazine in 1848. In yonder mill I rested,
And sat me down to look
Upon the wheel's quick glimmer.And on the flowing brook. As in a dream, before me,
The saw, with restless play,
Was cleaving through a fir-tree
Its long and steady way. The tree through all its fibres
With living motion stirred,
And, in a dirge-like murmur,
These solemn words I heard—

Oh, thou, who wanderest hither,
A timely guest thou art! For thee this cruel engine
Is passing through my heart. When soon, in earth's still bosom,
Thy hours of rest begin,
This wood shall form the chamber
Whose walls shall close thee in. Four planks—I saw and shuddered—
Dropped in that busy mill;
Then, as I tried to answer,
At once the wheel was still. Cultural references
 Robert Schumann set <mask>'s poems in his Opus 35, 12 Gedichte von Justinus Kerner, composed in 1840 and dedicated to “Dr.Friedrich Weber in London.” Schumann called the set a Liederreihe, or "row of songs." The poet Thomas Medwin stayed with him during 1848 to 1849 and later wrote a poem in his honour, To <mask> Kerner: With a Painted Wreath of Bay-Leaves, published in London in 1854. The grape variety Kerner, bred in 1929, was named in his honour. Søren Kierkegaard wrote in his journal on Kerner:
 “I cannot help being amazed that <mask> <mask> (in his Dichtungen) is able to interpret so conciliatingly the phenomenon which has always shocked me since my very first experience of it — that someone says just exactly what I say. To me the phenomenon seemed to be the most confusing, almost Punch-and-Judy, disorder: the one would begin a sentence which the other would finish, and no one could be sure who was speaking.” July 11, 1837Journals 2539
 “<mask> Kerner has interested me so much just now because, although he is far more gifted, I see in him the same artistic barrenness I see in myself. But I also see how something can be done even though essential continuity is lacking and can be fulfilled only by continuity of mood, of which every single little idea is a blossom, a kind of novelistic aphorism, a plastic study. While his own Dichtungen are full of excellent imaginative ideas, his reports aus dem Nachtgebiete der Natur are so dry that we could almost take that to be indirect proof of their truth.” July 13, 1837Journals 5240

Notes

References
Attribution
 This work in turn cites:
 Strauss, “<mask> <mask>,” in Kleine Schriften (Berlin, 1866)
 A. Reinhard, Justinus Kerner und das Kernerhaus zu Weinsberg (Tübingen, 1862; 2nd ed.1886)
 G. Rümelin, Reden und Aufsätze, vol. iii. (1894)
 M. Niethammer (Kerner's daughter), <mask> Kerners Jugendliebe und mein Vaterhaus (1877; Stuttgart, 1887)
 A. Watts, Life and Work of Kerner (London, 1884)
 T<mask>, Das Kernerhaus und seine Gäste (1894)

Further reading
 Mitteilungen des Justinus-Kerner-Vereins und Frauen-Vereins Weinsberg. Weinsberg : Justinus-Kerner-Verein
 Suevica: Beiträge zur schwäbischen Literatur- und Geistesgeschichte / ed. Reinhard Breymayer. Stuttgart: Heinz (Stuttgarter Arbeiten zur Germanistik). – ISSN 0179-2482
 <mask> <mask>, Bilderbuch aus meiner Knabenzeit (Brunswick, 1849; new ed.Frankfort, 1897)

External links

 Robert Schumann's 12 Gedichte von <mask> Kerner – free score at IMSLP Petrucci Library

 Kleksographien (1890 edition)
 "The Inner Language" of Friederike Hauffe – at Internet Archive
 The Seeress of Prevorst, transl. Catherine Crowe (Partridge & Brittan, 1855) – at Internet Archive
  "Goldy", transl. from <mask> <mask>, in Fairy Tales from All Nations, ed. Anthony R. Montalba (1849) – at Google Books as the 1850 US ed., pp. 332–37

1786 births
1862 deaths
People from Ludwigsburg
19th-century German physicians
19th-century Christian mystics
German medical writers
German poets
People from the Duchy of Württemberg
German male poets
German-language poets
German male non-fiction writers

masks:
Justinus Andreas Christian Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Kerner
Justinus
Justinus
Kerner
Justinus
Justinus
Kerner
Justinus
. Kerner
Justinus
Kerner
Justinus
Justinus
Kerner


texts:
<mask> (李麟) (694–759), formally Duke De of Bao (褒德公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Suzong — although he was commissioned by Emperor Suzong's father Emperor Xuanzong, not Emperor Suzong. Background
<mask> was born in 694, during the reign of Wu Zetian. He was a member of the imperial Li clan of Tang Dynasty — although he was distant in lineage from the imperial lineage itself. His great-great-great-grandfather <mask> (李乞豆) was a younger brother of <mask> (李虎), the grandfather of Tang's founding emperor Emperor Gaozu, who was the grandfather of Wu Zetian's husband Emperor Gaozong. <mask>'s father <mask> (李濬) served successively as the prefect of three different prefecture and was known for his honesty. <mask> died during the Kaiyuan era (713–741) of Emperor Gaozong's and Wu Zetian's grandson Emperor Xuanzong while serving as the military governor (jiedushi) of Jiannan Circuit (劍南, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan). Before serving as chancellor
<mask> himself was well-studied and capable in literary matters.On the account of his father's official service, he was able to enter civil service and eventually served as a census officer for the capital municipality, Jingzhao (京兆, roughly modern Xi'an, Shaanxi), which included the capital Chang'an. In 734, Emperor Xuanzong made an attempt to find imperial clan members with special talents, and <mask>, one of the imperial clan members selected, was made Dianzhong Shiyushi (殿中侍御史) — a low-level imperial censor — and he subsequently served as a junior officer at the ministries of census (戶部, Hu Bu) and civil service affairs (吏部, <mask> Bu). In 742, he became Jianyi Daifu (諫議大夫), one of the officials in charge of submitting proposals of corrections to the emperor. In 746, he served a tour of duty to survey the circuits to the west — Hexi (河西, headquartered in modern Wuwei, Gansu), Longyou (隴右, headquartered in modern Haidong Prefecture, Qinghai), and Anxi (安西, headquartered in modern Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang) – to evaluate the performance of the officials. His tour was considered a success, and he was made an imperial attendant (給事中, Jishizhong). In 748, he became Bingbu Shilang (兵部侍郎) – an assistant minister of defense — serving with Yang Guozhong. At that time, though, Yang was already very powerful due to his personal association with Emperor Xuanzong, as cousin to Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Yuhuan, and Yang Guozhong did not wish to share authority with <mask>, and therefore had the chancellors, while allowing <mask> to keep the title of assistant minister of defense, be made in charge of the imperial examinations instead.Soon, however, Yang Guozhong was moved to another position, and <mask> resumed his office as assistant minister of defense. In 752, he was given the honorific title of Yinqing Guanglu Daifu (銀青光祿大夫) and made the principal of the imperial university (國子祭酒, Guozi Jijiu). In 755, while he retained those titles, he was made the governor of Hedong Commandery (河東, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) and the surveyor of Hedong Circuit (河東 as well, but referred to the entire circuit, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). He was said to have governed simply and honestly, and was praised by both the people and subordinates. In winter 755, however, the general An Lushan rebelled at Fanyang Circuit (范陽, headquartered in modern Beijing). As <mask> was a civilian official not learned in military matters, the imperial government was concerned that he would not know how to defend the commandery. <mask> was therefore recalled to Chang'an and replaced with the general Lü Chongbi (呂崇賁).<mask> was also created the Baron of Weiyuan. In summer 756, when Emperor Xuanzong was forced to flee Chang'an in light of An's troops approaching Chang'an, <mask> escaped Chang'an as well and caught up with Emperor Xuanzong's train, attending Emperor Xuanzong on his way to Chengdu. Emperor Xuanzong's son and crown prince <mask>ng, however, did not follow Emperor Xuanzong to Chengdu, but instead went to Lingwu, where he was declared emperor (as Emperor Suzong), a declaration that Emperor Xuanzong recognized after the news reached him. Emperor Xuanzong, now using the title Taishang Huang (retired emperor), however, did not stop exercising imperial authority, and when he arrived at Chengdu, he initially made <mask> deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang) and Shangshu Zuo Cheng (尚書左丞), one of the secretaries general of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). He soon made <mask> the minister of justice (憲部尚書, Xianbu Shangshu). As chancellor and death
In spring 757, Emperor Xuanzong gave <mask> the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), making him a chancellor de facto. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong had already sent several other chancellors that he had commissioned during his journey to Chengdu and during the duration he was at Chengdu — Wei Jiansu, Fang Guan, Cui Huan, and Cui Yuan — to Emperor Suzong's court, but kept <mask> with him on account of the fact that <mask> was an imperial clan member.<mask> oversaw all of the affairs of Emperor Xuanzong's court in Chengdu. In winter 757, after Emperor Suzong recaptured Chang'an and welcomed Emperor Xuanzong back to Chang'an, for <mask>'s accomplishments, he was given the honorific title Jinzi Guanglu Daifu (金紫光祿大夫). He continued to be the minister of justice, now under the title Xingbu Shangshu (刑部尚書). His chancellor de facto designation was promoted to Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin (同中書門下三品), a more honorific designation, and he was created the Duke of Bao. At that time, the most powerful figures at Emperor Suzong's court were his wife Empress Zhang and the eunuch <mask>o. <mask>'s chancellor colleagues Miao Jinqing and Cui Yuan both carefully followed Empress Zhang's and <mask>o's wishes, but <mask> refused to do so. This displeased <mask>o and, in 758, at his instigation, <mask> was removed from his chancellor office and made Taizi Shaofu (太子少傅), an advisor to the crown prince <mask>.He died in fall 759 and was buried with honors. Notes

References
 Old Book of Tang, vol. 112. New Book of Tang, vol. 142. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 219, 220.694 births
759 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Suzong of Tang

masks:
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Qidou
Li Hu
Li Lin
Li Jun
Li Jun
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li He
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Lin
Li Fugu
Li Lin
Li Fugu
Li Lin
Li Fugu
Li Lin
Li Chu


texts:
<mask> bin <mask> (; born 1978) is a Yemeni prisoner held in extrajudicial detention at the United States' Guantanamo Bay detention camp. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence described him as a "scion of a terrorist family". American prosecutors at the Guantanamo military commissions allege that he helped in the preparation of the 1998 East Africa Embassy bombings and the USS Cole bombing and acted as a bodyguard to <mask>, gaining himself the reputation of an "errand boy". He is formally charged with selecting and helping to train several of the hijackers of the September 11 attacks. Attash was given victim status in Poland for his alleged torture by Americans in a CIA black site on Polish soil. Life
Hailing from a prominent Saudi family on friendly terms with <mask>, Attash had several brothers fighting during the tumultuous 1990s in Afghanistan. His family was deported from Yemen based on his father's radical views, and he grew up in Saudi Arabia.He studied at the University of Islamic Studies in Karachi, Pakistan. Attash lost his right leg in 1997 while fighting against the Northern Alliance and wore a metal prosthesis in its place, leading to the nickname "Father of the Leg". His brother was killed in the same battle, and his death led Attash to join al-Qaeda. He was asked to help obtain explosives to target the USS The Sullivans in 1999, as part of the intended 2000 millennium attack plots. In late 1999, while using the nom de guerre Khallad, Attash phoned Khalid al-Mihdhar, informing him of the upcoming Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit. In January 2000, Attash flew to Malaysia, ostensibly to receive a new prosthetic leg, and attended the summit. On January 8, Malaysian Special Branch informed the CIA that Attash had flown to Bangkok together with al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi.While there, the FBI received a transcript of a phone call from Fahd al-Quso and one of the  bombers, which mentioned giving Attash $5,000 to purchase a new prosthesis. During later interrogation, al-Quso confessed that he was handing over $36,000, and that it wasn't actually meant to purchase a prosthesis. In October 2000, Attash was identified as the mastermind behind the USS Cole bombing which took place in Aden, Yemen. On September 11, 2002, his 17-year-old brother <mask> <mask> was taken prisoner by Pakistani forces raiding the Tariq Road House, handed over to the Americans and sent to The Dark Prison. Capture, <mask> was captured together with Ali Abdul Aziz Ali in Karachi, on April 29, 2003. He was sent to The Dark Prison, and his brother was moved to Guantanamo Bay detention camps in 2003 or 2004. While there, he was interrogated under harsh circumstances and confessed that Abderraouf Jdey had been known to him.Despite having only one leg, he was forced to stand in stress positions, "an acutely difficult technique for him" as the Americans took away his false leg, forcing him to balance awkwardly on one foot until losing his balance and ripping at the tendons in his arms. He was transferred to Guantanamo on September 6, 2006, together with 13 other "high-level detainees" the CIA had been holding in secret detention. Combatant Status Review Tribunal

Having been brought to Guantanamo from black sites, the new prisoners were accorded a new series of Combatant Status Review Tribunals, to determine whether the captives met the new definition of an "enemy combatant". They had been instituted in 2004 to mitigate the Supreme Court's findings that the holding of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay was unconstitutional. A Summary of Evidence memo was prepared for the tribunal, listing the alleged facts that led to his detainment. These included that Mohammad Rashed Daoud al-Owhali had stated that Attash had told him to prepare for a suicide carbombing against East African embassies of the United States a month or two before the attacks occurred. The memo alleged that Attash had trained in close-combat in the Lowgar training camp and seen Osama <mask> give a speech to graduates of the camp.The memo also alleged that Attash used a Yemeni merchant's registration card that had been forged by "a suspect of the USS Cole bombing". An unnamed participant in the Cole bombing also confessed to being given a letter written by Attash which asked for his assistance with the bombing, and was the only reason he aided the bombers. It also said  that authorities knew of an al-Qaeda cell dubbed "Father of the Leg" that revolved around a senior member, and believed this was a reference to <mask> due to his missing limb. It also stated that a contact stored in the phone belonging to Attash was also listed as a contact  in a notebook belonging to "a senior al Qaida operative", and that his University ID card had been found "at an alleged al Qaida residence" in Karachi. He was also "implicated" by a notebook found during a raid, which listed payments made to various al-Qaeda members. An unnamed source also claimed to have seen him at al Farouq training camp. <mask> attended his Tribunal.A week after the March 12, 2007, tribunal, <mask> was reported to have confessed to his role in preparing both the Cole and Embassy attacks. He confessed purchasing the explosives and small boat used in the Cole bombing, as well as recruiting the perpetrators, and planning the operation 18 months before the actual attack; he stated that he was in Kandahar, Afghanistan with <mask> at the time of the Cole attack, and in Karachi at the time of the simultaneous embassy bombings meeting with the mastermind of the attack. The DoD was later to publish a ten-page transcript from the unclassified portion of the Tribunal. His Personal Representative met with him on February 13, and told the tribunal that Attash confirmed that many of the allegations were basically correct, but that he had never owned a telephone and that he had forged the Yemeni registration card himself. Faces charges before military commission

<mask>, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, Ammar al Baluchi chose to serve as their own attorney. They requested laptops, and internet access, in order to prepare their defenses. In October 2008, Ralph Kohlmann ruled that they be provided with the computers, but not the internet access.On December 8, 2008, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed told the judge that he and the other four indictees wished to confess and plead guilty; however, the plea would be delayed until after mental competency hearings for Hawsawi and <mask>-Shibh. Mohammed said, "We want everyone to plead together." On May 17, 2010, Saba News reported that <mask> bin Attash, and four other Yemenis would face charges in the summer of 2010. Two of the other Yemenis Saba News reported would face charges were: Ramzi <mask>-Shibh and Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. References

External links
 New Evidence About Prisoners Held in Secret CIA Prisons in Poland and Romania Andy Worthington

Saudi Arabian al-Qaeda members
Saudi Arabian amputees
Living people
Saudi Arabian extrajudicial prisoners of the United States
People associated with the September 11 attacks
Detainees of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp
Place of birth missing (living people)
People subject to extraordinary rendition by the United States
Saudi Arabian expatriates in Pakistan
1978 births

masks:
Walid Muhammad Salih
Mubarak bin Attash
Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Laden
Hassan bin
Attash
tribunal Attash
bin Laden
Attash
Bin Attash
Attash
bin Laden
Bin Attash
bin al
Walid
bin al


texts:
<mask> (November 17, 1931 – December 31, 2011) was an American literary agent, editor, and publisher of the prose and poetry of fellow Texan Robert E. Howard (1906–1936), and the first and most important researcher and scholar of Howard's life and writings. Background and discovery
<mask> was born November 17, 1931, in Pelican, De Soto Parish, Louisiana. A Korean War veteran and a paper warehouse manager by trade, he discovered Howard through Skull-Face and Others (1946) around 1951. He sought out earlier publications with Howard's work, most notably the pulp magazines of the 1920s and 1930s. Starting in 1956, he scoured the country for all Howard stories, poems, and letters. Over the course of his life he amassed the world's largest collection of such publications and original manuscripts (actually typescripts). Literary agent
<mask> became literary agent for the Howard heirs around March 1965 and served as such for 28 and a half years.In 1965, he tracked down the contents of Robert E. Howard's famous storage trunk, which were then owned by pulp writer and Howard friend E. Hoffmann "Ed" Price. The contents consisted of tens of thousands of pages typed by Howard, including hundreds of unpublished stories, poems, and fragments. Using the contents of the trunk as well as his vast collection of previously published REH materials, <mask> provided the source text for almost every published Howard work appearing in books, magazines, or chapbooks from 1965 through 1997, including collections of Howard letters  <mask> also provided introductions, afterwords, or commentary for dozens of Howard books. Tirelessly promoting Howard's stories, <mask> secured their publication in any promising venue, leading directly to the Howard Boom of the 1970s. In many cases, he was also the uncredited editor of the published version of the Howard works. He also supplied texts to amateur publications and to literally hundreds of books and magazines in non-English languages, including Bulgarian, Croatian, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Yugoslavian. In the fall of 1977, he arranged with Berkley Medallion to put out three Conan paper- and hardbacks of Conan stories edited by Karl Edward Wagner, the first Conan series without any posthumous revisions and pastiches, which previous collections had in excess.<mask> published a few REH collections on his own, such as the periodical The Howard Collector #1–18 and the chapbook Etchings in Ivory. In The Howard Collector, from 1961 to 1973, <mask> featured previously unpublished (or very rare) pieces by Howard, letters by REH and those who knew him, indices of poems and stories, reprints of articles related to Howard, and news about upcoming publications and other events. Thereafter, he published similar material in fanzines of the Robert E. Howard United Press Association, the Hyperborian League, and the Esoteric Order of Dagon (an amateur press association primarily concerned with the writings of H. P. Lovecraft). An early admirer of Howard's poetry, <mask> published the first Howard poetry collection Always Comes Evening (1957) through famed Arkham House, subsidizing the costs of the printing himself. Later, he was instrumental in the publication of the Howard verse collections Etchings in Ivory (1968), Singers in the Shadows (1970), Echoes from an Iron Harp (1972), The Road to Rome (1972), Verses in Ebony (1975), Night Images (1976), Shadows of Dreams (1989), and A Rhyme of Salem Town and Other Poems (2007). He published the first comprehensive bibliography of Howard, complete through 1973, in his The Last Celt: A Bio–Bibliography of Robert Ervin Howard (1976), a bible for REH scholars and collectors. The book also contains biographical and autobiographical material about Howard, as well as letters, story synopses and fragments, ephemera, covers illustrating REH stories, and photographs.<mask> wrote many articles on Howard (e.g. in The Dark Barbarian). <mask> contributed much information to the latest bibliography, The Neverending Hunt (2006, 2008), by Paul Herman and the online bibliography Howardworks. When Conan Properties was incorporated in 1978 to establish a single entity to deal with Hollywood in negotiations that led to the two Conan movies, <mask> served as a corporate director. Legacy, honors and personal life
<mask> befriended, assisted, advised, and mentored two generations of Howard fans, scholars, and editors, providing copies of his typescripts, letters, and vast knowledge to many of them. For his dedication, achievements, and scholarship, <mask> received the World Fantasy Convention Award in 1978 and the Lifetime Achievement Award of the fan magazine The Cimmerian, in 2005. The next year, he was Guest of Honor at the Centennial Robert E. Howard Days festival in Howard's hometown of Cross Plains, Texas, and in 2007 was Guest of Honor at PulpCon 36 in Dayton, Ohio.He served as Director Emeritus of the Robert E. Howard Foundation and lived with his wife in Pasadena, Texas, where he died on December 31, 2011. They had a son and a daughter. References

1931 births
2011 deaths
Robert E. Howard
American literary critics
American book editors
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Glenn Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord


texts:
Georgios "<mask>" <mask>  ( ; born 4 June 1981) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a right-back and occasionally as a centre-back. He has last played in 2013 for Greek Superleague side Panathinaikos, having played previously at PAS Giannina, Porto, Dynamo Moscow and Atlético Madrid. He is a former member of the Greece national football team, for which he made a total of 72 international appearances, scoring one goal. He was part of their team which won Euro 2004, for which he was voted into the Team of the Tournament. "Giourkas" means "Giorgos" in the Pontic Greek dialect and is his grandfather's name. Both his grandfather and father, <mask>, were footballers and eventually managers. Club career

PAS Giannina
Of Pontic Greek heritage, <mask> started his professional career with northern Greek side PAS Giannina, nicknamed Ajax of Epirus, in 1997, becoming an important right full-back for the club.Seitaridis helped the team towards the promotion of the Super League 2 in the 1999–2000 at the Greek Superleague. He made a total of 40 league appearances with PAS Giannina, scoring 5 goals. Panathinaikos
He was soon spotted by Athens-based club Panathinaikos, and on 12 January 2001 he signed a 5-year contract with them for a total fee of 300 million drachmas. He quickly established himself as a regular player for the team and at the age of 22 he won his first silverware by helping Panathinaikos do the double at the 2003–04 season, winning the 2003–04 Alpha Ethniki and the Greek Cup against rivals Olympiacos. He scored his first European goal against Manchester United on 7 March 2001, in a game for the second group stage of the 2000–01 UEFA Champions League. In September of the same year, he was named Greek Young Footballer of 2001, along with Pantelis Kafes and Angelos Charisteas. Porto
On 11 June 2004, a day before the eventually successful UEFA Euro 2004 campaign for Greece, it was rumored that <mask>, Costinha, Maniche and Thiago Silva, who also moved to the Russian club the same year. Soon however, <mask> began to show his discomfort at the club, failing to settle in Moscow, and claimed the reasons he wanted to leave was that the weather was different from his native Greece and that he could not adapt to the cold. In his one-year spell at the club, he only managed to make 8 league appearances before deciding to leave. Atlético Madrid
On 16 June 2006 he was transferred to Atlético Madrid for a fee of €12 million, being the second Greek footballer to play for Atlético after striker Demis Nikolaidis.The latter was the one who convinced him to join the club, together with his ex-Dynamo teammate Costinha who joined Atlético  the same year. <mask> was sent off in the first half of his debut game, in the La Liga opening match away to Racing Santander on 27 August 2006. On 15 October 2006, he received his second red card only six games into the season, as he was cautioned twice in a home league game against Recreativo Huelva. He scored his first goal for Atlético the following year, on 21 July 2007, in a game against Gloria Bistriţa for the Intertoto Cup. In November 2007, Seitaridis damaged his achilles tendon in a match against UD Almería, which meant he needed to undergo surgery. His period of absence was initially evaluated at about six weeks, but he was ready two and a half months later, in April 2008. Due to his injury problem, he only managed to make 14 league appearances for Atlético in the 2007–08 season.The 2008–09 season did not start well for Seitaridis, as he lost his place in the first team to new signings Tomáš Ujfaluši and John Heitinga, and his heavy contract meant that Atlético was looking to sell him. Despite that, Seitaridis was a starter in Atlético's opening game, in a 4–0 victory over Málaga CF, and went on to make 14 league appearances that season. On 29 April 2009 however, him and teammate Maniche were suspended by Atlético's president Enrique Cerezo because they failed to appear in an Atlético home match against Sporting Gijón despite not being included in the 18-man squad. Two weeks later on 13 May 2009, it was announced that Seitaridis was released by Atlético a year before his contract was to expire, with a statement on the club's official website reading "Seitaridis is therefore free to negotiate with other clubs who may be interested in signing him". Return to Panathinaikos
On 10 September 2009, the last day of the Greek transfer period for free agent players, Seitaridis signed a 4-year deal with Panathinaikos, returning to the team after five years. It soon became apparent that <mask> was unfit and was struggling to re-establish himself due to frequent injuries, missing most of the 2009–10 season's matches. However, on 21 March 2010, he surprisingly returned to the line-up for the big derby against rivals Olympiacos, and despite their defeat, Panathinaikos managed to end the season positively by winning the double.<mask> himself didn't appear at the 2009–10 Greek Cup final against Aris Thessaloniki due to injury, but made 2 appearances on the road to the final. The 2010–11 season started well for Seitaridis, being a starter at Panathinaikos' opening league fixture against Skoda Xanthi on 27 August 2010 and giving a good performance. However, another muscle injury meant that <mask> would return at a league game against Panserraikos two months later, on 4 December. Due to the player's poor condition he was placed on the transfer list in January 2011, but despite various offers from foreign teams during the summer transfer period, he stayed at Panathinaikos. The 2011–12 season was even more disappointing for him, as he was only used for 45 minutes in an away game against Atromitos, where he was substituted at half-time due to poor performance. He played for a second time in an away game against Asteras Tripoli, staying on the pitch a full 90 minutes. The 2012–13 season started well for Seitaridis, playing as a starter in the first three league matches at the beginning of the season.He also contributed with one assist in Panathinaikos' 2012–13 UEFA Europa League group stage match against Tottenham Hotspur, which ended 1–1. At the summer of 2013 he didn't renew his contract and left the club. International career

Youth career
<mask> is a former Greece under-21 international, making his debut on 6 October 2000, in a 2002 UEFA Under-21 Championship qualifier against Finland under-21. He participated at the finals of the 2002 UEFA Under-21 Championship in Switzerland, where his team was eliminated from the group stage, having collected one point in three games. First steps & UEFA Euro 2004
Seitaridis made his international debut with the senior team on 13 February 2002, in an international friendly match against Sweden. He helped Greece qualify to the UEFA Euro 2004 in Portugal for the second time in history, and was also one of the key players during Greece's successful campaign, a win that shocked the footballing world as Greece were considered outsiders before the tournament started. <mask> won a penalty at the first match against Portugal as he was knocked down by Cristiano Ronaldo.In the final, he also won the important corner by playing the ball in the center which was blocked from Cristiano Ronaldo. Overall his contributions for the victorious team were recognised by naming him as part of the 23-man UEFA 2004 All-Star squad, together with fellow Greek players Antonis Nikopolidis, Traianos Dellas, Theodoros Zagorakis and Angelos Charisteas. FIFA Confederations Cup 2005
As a result of Greece's Euro 2004 win, they qualified to the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup in Germany as European champions. <mask> <mask> was a member of the 23-man squad. UEFA Euro 2008 & 2010 FIFA World Cup
He scored his first international goal on 2 June 2007 against Hungary in a Euro 2008 qualifying match, helping the Greek national team to qualify to the UEFA Euro 2008 championship. He played twice in the disappointing Euro 2008 campaign for Greece, having been injured during the second game against Russia. Despite concerns about his fitness, Greece national manager Otto Rehhagel called Seitaridis in his 23-man squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.He only played for 90 minutes in the first game of the group stage against South Korea, losing 2–0. After this game, Seitaridis played two consecutive European and a World Cup with Greece national football team. Career statistics

Club

International goal
Score and result list Greece's goal tally first, score column indicates score after <mask> goal. Honours
PAS Giannina
 Super League 2: 1999–2000

Panathinaikos
 Superleague Greece:2003–04, 2009–10
  Greek Cup: 2003–04, 2009–10

Porto
 Portuguese Super Cup: 2004
 Intercontinental Cup: 2004
 UEFA Super Cup Runner-up: 2004

Greece
European Championship: 2004

Individual
Greek Young Footballer of the year: 2001
 UEFA European Championship Team of the Tournament: 2004

References

External links

 FootballDatabase.com statistics for Giourkas Seitaridis

1981 births
Living people
Greek footballers
Greece international footballers
Greece under-21 international footballers
PAS Giannina F.C. players
Panathinaikos F.C. players
FC Porto players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
La Liga players
Atlético Madrid footballers
UEFA Euro 2004 players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2008 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Primeira Liga players
Russian Premier League players
Sportspeople from Piraeus
Super League Greece players
Football League (Greece) players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Greek expatriates in Portugal
Greek expatriates in Spain
Greek expatriates in Russia
Association football defenders
Pontic Greeks

masks:
Giourkas
Seitaridis
Dimitris Seitaridis
Seitaridis
Seitaridislei
Seitaridis
Seitaridis
Giourkas
Seitaridis
Seitaridis
Seitaridis
Seitaridis
Giourkas
Seitaridis
Seitaridis


texts:
Rhee Woo Seok (), also credited as <mask>, is a South Korean music producer, songwriter, and vice-president of JYP Entertainment in the United States. He is best known for composing and producing the Wonder Girls' 2009 international hit song, "Nobody." Biography
From an early age, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE had an ear for music as well as hitting number one. He was classically trained in piano, violin, and viola and in high school, he expanded his wings and started a Rock Band called "Feel." In 1993, as a junior in High School, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE and his band mates entered a college only rock festival, Korean Rock Group Festival and won first place. Although, there were many issues regarding their win because of their age, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE and his band proved that talent is more important than experience. But as Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE started to mature as a musician, he started to embrace Jazz and began taking private classes behind his band mates.This opened his eyes and ears to a new world of music as well as coming across Stevie Wonder and discovering urban music. He realized with his new burning passion, Korea was very limited and decided to study in America. In 1999, he received his Bachelor's from Berklee College of Music majoring in Professional Music, concentrating on composition and arrangements. After his undergrad, he received his Masters in Media writing and Production from University of Miami in 2003. Music career
Upon completion of his master's degree in music engineering in 2003, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE took his talents to New York City, where he met international music producer extraordinaire Park Jin-Young also known as J.Y. Park. Together this formidable duo collaborated in extensive pieces, producing and co-producing for artists such as G.O.D and Rain.But they are most notable from the success of Wonder Girls "Tell Me" and "Nobody". The song "Tell Me" was the lead single from the Wonder Girls' first full-length album, Nobody (Wonder Girls song)The Wonder Years, which was created in Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE's basement studio in Jersey with J.Y. Park. It immediately hit #1 on various charts and received #1 on KBS's music TV series, staying at that position for 7 consecutive weeks. The song received a triple crown at SBS Inkigayo and won Cyworld Digital Music Awards: Song of the Month (October) ("Tell Me")[5] and 5th Korean Music Awards: Best Dance & Electronic Song Award ("Tell Me")[6]. "Tell Me" is notable for its choreography, which was widely imitated and featured on various online video sites. [1] This phenomenon started the 'Girl Group Syndrome,' being the first movement for Girl Groups in the K-POP Scene.In 2013, Online Research Panel Korea ran a survey from June 26 to the 30th asking voters to pick the song they felt is the best idol song. After 21,955 votes were counted, Wonder Girls' "Tell Me" topped the list with 27% (5866 votes). Their second major hit, "Nobody", sold 4,648,973 digital downloads in South Korea alone, Most YouTube video viewed in 2011, and the first Asian song #1 in 8 Different Asian Countries. At the 2008 MNet KM Music Festival Awards, the Wonder Girls received three awards: the "Song of the Year" award, "Best Music Video" for "Nobody" and "Best Female Group". [20] The group also won an award at the 2008 Golden Disk Awards a month later for high digital sales. [21] At the 18th Seoul Music Awards, the Wonder Girls won the Daesang ("Artist of the Year" award), the highest award offered, for "Nobody", and two other awards. [22]

With the hit singles like "Tell Me" and "Nobody" garnering huge International success, and creating a YouTube phenomenon with people from all walks of life copying their dance moves and catchy tunes; it cemented Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE’s reputation in Asia as a highly sought after talent that brings a big and new sound to the cache of JYP Entertainment’s music production team.In 2012, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE produced Wonder Girls "Like money" featuring superstar Akon and collaborating with Samsung in their music video. This was the first official U.S Single and in its first week of release the song debuted at number 11 in South Korea with 161,542 downloads. By the end of August 2012 the song was downloaded 583,737 times in South Korea alone, making the song one of the best-selling English-language songs of the year in Korea and as well as ranking #46 on top charts. Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE also had a chance to work with his beloved mentor Stevie Wonder and produced Wonder Girls "Wonder Love" released in Japan. Not only has Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE generated non-stop hits for the Wonder Girls but also took major parts in the careers of all his JYP Artist such as Rain, 2PM, 2AM, Miss A, and 15& and much more. For example, 2PM's "Heartbeat" was released as the lead single for The First Album 01:59PM peaking at No. 1 on the Gaon Chart.Currently, Woo S. Rhee/RAINSTONE collaborated with China's biggest game and IT company QQ Games with 2PM. He produced 2PM's game theme song "Shining in the Night," official launch date on 4/18/13 in Beijing

Business career
With Woo Rhee’s new sound and business acumen, and JY Park’s dynamic company backing them up, they formed JYP Entertainment USA in 2007, an offshoot of the larger company in Korea, JYP Entertainment. Among Woo Rhee’s better known attributes is his affinity to finding creative ways to do more than just produce music, but to create brand exposure and power from it. Together, Woo Rhee and JY Park helped design, create, and brand what is now one of the world’s best-selling headphones, the Diamond Tears. This headphone is a joint venture between Monster and JYP USA. To this date, the headphones are one of the most highly sought-after headphones in the market as well as one of the highest-rated. Woo Rhee is also invited to 2013 Dubai International Awards in November as a representative of Asia.Production credits

Source: Korea Music Copyright Association, ID: W0438700. References

External links
Rainstone on JYP Publishing

Living people
South Korean songwriters
South Korean producers
Year of birth missing (living people)


texts:
<mask> (; November 28, 1938 – February 17, 2017) was an American philosopher who specialized in animal rights theory. He was professor emeritus of philosophy at North Carolina State University, where he had taught from 1967 until his retirement in 2001. <mask> was the author of numerous books on the philosophy of animal rights, including The Case for Animal Rights (1983), one of a handful of studies that have significantly influenced the modern animal rights movement. In these, he argued that non-human animals are what he called the "subjects-of-a-life", just as humans are, and that, if we want to ascribe value to all human beings regardless of their ability to be rational agents, then to be consistent, we must similarly ascribe it to non-humans. From 1985, he served with his wife Nancy as co-founder and co-president of the Culture and Animals Foundation, a nonprofit organization "committed to fostering the growth of intellectual and artistic endeavors united by a positive concern for animals." The Vegan Society remembers him as "a stalwart vegan and activist." Education and career
<mask> graduated from Thiel College in 1960, receiving his M.A.in 1962 and his PhD in 1966 from the University of Virginia. He taught philosophy at North Carolina State University from 1967 until 2001. <mask> directed the 1986 film We Are All Noah which is available on VHS videotape. Animal rights

In The Case for Animal Rights, <mask> argued that non-human animals bear moral rights. His philosophy aligns broadly within the tradition of Immanuel Kant, though he rejects Kant's idea that respect is due only to rational beings. <mask> points out that we routinely ascribe inherent value, and thus the right to be treated with respect, to humans who are not rational, including infants and the severely mentally impaired. The crucial attribute that all humans have in common, he argues, is not rationality, but the fact that each of us has a life that matters to us; in other words, what happens to us matters to us, regardless of whether it matters to anyone else.In <mask>'s terminology, we each experience being the "subject-of-a-life." If this is the true basis for ascribing inherent value to individuals, to be consistent we must ascribe inherent value, and hence moral rights, to all subjects-of-a-life, whether human or non-human. The basic right that all who possess inherent value have, he argues, is the right never to be treated merely as a means to the ends of others. In <mask>'s view, not to be used as a means entails the right to be treated with respect, which includes the right not to be harmed. This right, however, is not absolute, as, there are times when to respect someone' s right not to be harmed, another' s right not to be harmed must be overridden. His philosophy employs principles such as the miniride principle (a.k.a. minimize overriding) and the worse-off principle to deal with these situations.The miniride principle is that when faced with overriding the rights of many innocent beings versus the rights of few innocent beings—when each individual involved would be equally harmed—we should override the rights of the few. The worse-off principle states that, when individuals involved are not harmed in a comparable way given a certain course of action, we should mitigate the situation of those who would be worse-off. Thus, if the harm of a few innocent beings is greater than the harm to many innocent beings, the right action is to override the rights of the many. As this relates to animal rights, <mask> asserts the harm in the death of an animal is not tantamount to the harm in the death of a normal, healthy human. This is supposedly because the ending of an animal life entails the loss of fewer opportunities when compared to the loss of a normal, healthy human. According to <mask>, there would be more harm in the death of a normal, healthy dog than there would be in the death of a person who was irreversibly comatose, as the dog would have more opportunities for satisfaction than the irreversibly comatose human. Supporters argue that <mask>'s argument for animal rights does not rely on a radical new theory of ethics, but that it follows from a consistent application of moral principles and insights that many of us already hold with respect to the ethical treatment of human beings.However, others criticize the lack of certainty with which <mask>'s "inherent value" or "subject-of-a-life" status can be determined, and note that the sufficient conditions he lists—for example, having sense-perceptions, beliefs, desires, motives, and memory—in effect reduce to "similarity to humans". According to <mask>, it follows from the ascription to animals of the basic right to be treated with respect that we should abolish the breeding of animals for food, animal experimentation, and commercial hunting. Starting as a leather-wearing, circus-visiting meat eater, a series of musings, experiences, and insights led him to conclude he was morally unable to use animals for meat, clothing, or any other purpose that does not respect their rights. G. E. Moore scholarship

In the 1980s, <mask> published three books on G. E. Moore's philosophy. The first book, G. E. Moore: The Early Essays, is a collection of essays that were originally published between 1897 and 1903, none of which Moore himself anthologized. <mask> argues that these papers reveal Moore' s early taste for speculative metaphysics; in "The Nature of Judgment", for example, Moore maintains that "the world consists of concepts", including existence, "which is itself a concept . . .Thus, all that exists . . . is composed of concepts necessarily related to one another in specific manners, and likewise to the concept of existence." In another paper, "Freedom", Moore enthusiastically affirms his agreement with F. H. Bradley, writing: "I can only say that the arguments by which Mr. Bradley has endeavoured to prove the unreality of Time appear to me perfectly conclusive." <mask>' s second book, The Elements of Ethics, is a series of ten lectures Moore delivered in 1898. Large parts of these lectures were carried over by Moore into Principia Ethica and, <mask> maintains, these lectures cast important light on Principia' s pages. <mask>' s third book, Bloomsbury' s Prophet: G. E. Moore and the Development of His Moral Philosophy, represents <mask>' s major contribution to Moorean scholarship. Representative reviews include E. D. Klemke writing that Bloomsbury' s Prophet is "a marvelous book", while Aurum Stroll writes "[t]he portrait of the man Moore that <mask> gives us is not only unique .. . but it is well done, indeed." In this book, <mask> relies on a trove of unpublished material, housed in the Moore Archive at the University of Cambridge, including Moore' s two dissertations, on Kant' s moral philosophy; correspondence, consisting of letters that Moore wrote as well those he received; scores of papers he read at meetings of the Cambridge Conversazione Society, also known as the Apostles, and at the Sunday Essay Society; and a diary Moore kept throughout his formative years, breaking off on April 19, 1916. Using these materials, <mask> argues that Principias primary purpose was (as Moore wrote) to "humble the Science of Ethics" by exposing the "lies" told by "would-be scientific ethicists" ("Art, Morals, and Religion": May 5, 1901). In Moore' s view, a truly scientific ethic is able to prove very little concerning values, rules, duty, and virtues. Regarding values: such an ethic cannot establish anything concerning what has intrinsic value—what is good in itself. That must be left to the judgment of individuals who, taking due precautions, ask themselves what things would be good if they were the only things to exist in the world. Regarding rules of conduct: a truly scientific ethic can at most establish that "a very few rules" (Principia, xxii, italics in the original) ought always to be followed.Not even all the rules commended by Common Sense qualify: only "most of those most universally recognized by Common Sense" are possible candidates, and even in their case Moore maintains only that the requisite type of justification "may be possible" (p. xxii, italics in the original). That being so, almost all our decisions will need to be made without relying on any rule: in almost all cases, Moore writes, "rules of action should not be followed at all" (Ibid., p. xiii). In all cases of this sort, individuals should guide their choice "by a direct consideration of the effects which the action may produce" (p. XX), doing what one thinks will promote one' s own interests, as these are enlarged by the lives of others in whom one has "a strong personal interest" (Ibid., XX) instead of attempting to satisfy the demands of "a more extended beneficence," as in "the greatest good for the greatest number." And of the goods to be aimed at, the more immediate are generally to be preferred to the more distant. In short, in virtually all our activities in our day-to-day life we are at liberty to live and choose without troubling ourselves about whether we are doing what duty, in the form of the rules of morality, requires. Regarding virtues: a truly scientific ethic should promote the private virtues of prudence, temperance, and industry (the only virtues Moore discusses in Principia), not the (so-called) virtues of beneficence, charity, civic-mindedness, social justice, patriotism, piety, reverence, or altruism. Such an ethic should promote the virtues of the creative self, not the virtues of the conscientious citizen.On this basis <mask> argues that Moore genuinely is "Bloomsbury' s prophet," advocating, as he does, the values, the rules of conduct, and the virtues that are synonymous with the name, "Bloomsbury." As <mask> notes, "theirs was an anarchy of the bedroom, not the streets." Writing in the Library Journal, Leon H. Brody assessed the work as follows. "<mask>'s thesis is that an adequate understanding of Moore's ethical philosophy can be achieved only when seen against the backdrop of Bloomsbury--the avant-garde group of free spirits (among whom were Lytton Strachey, Virginia Woolf, and John Maynard Keynes) who met weekly in London between 1905 and 1920. When seen in that light, <mask> argues, Moore's thought as expressed in Principia Ethica is a "radical defense of the freedom of the individual to choose," rather than a defense of conformity to the status quo, as is usually assumed. Written with the verve appropriate to its subject, and yet philosophically scrupulous, this book deserves a place in philosophy and cultural history collections in both public and academic libraries." Personal life
<mask> and his wife Nancy had two children, Bryan and Karen.<mask> died of pneumonia at his home in North Carolina on February 17, 2017. Selected works

Books

Understanding Philosophy. Encino, California: Dickenson Publishing Co. 1975. . Animal Rights and Human Obligations; with Peter Singer. Englewood Cliffs: New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 1976. All That Dwell Therein: Essays on Animal Rights and Environmental Ethics.Berkeley: University of California Press. 1982. . The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1983. . Animal Sacrifices: Religious Perspectives on the Use of Animals in Science. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.1986. .
Bloomsbury's Prophet: G. E. Moore and the Development of His Moral Philosophy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1986. .
G. E. Moore: The Early Essays; edited by <mask>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1986. . The Struggle for Animal Rights. Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania: International Society for Animal Rights.1987. . The Thee Generation: Reflections on the Coming Revolution. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1991. .
G.E. Moore: The Elements of Ethics; edited and with an introduction by <mask>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 1991. .Defending Animal Rights. Illinois: University of Illinois Press. 2000. . The Animal Rights Debate; with Carl Cohen. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 2001. . Animal Rights, Human Wrongs: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy.Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 2003. . Empty Cages: Facing the Challenge of Animal Rights. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. 2004. .
Other Nations: Animals in Modern Literature; with Andrew Linzey. Waco, Texas: Baylor University Press. 2010. .
Maud's Place and Other Southern Stories.Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu Press Inc. 2014. .
A Better Life and Other Pittsburgh Stories. Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu Press Inc. 2014. . Films

We Are All Noah (1986)
Voices I Have Heard (1988)

Papers

See also
Animal liberationist
Animal liberation movement
Argument from marginal cases
Gary Francione
Intrinsic value (animal ethics)
List of American philosophers
 List of animal rights advocates
Peter Singer

Notes

External links

Culture & Animals Foundation
<mask> Animal Rights Archive
Guide to the <mask> Papers
Guide to the <mask> Animal Rights Honorary Collection 2016
Tribute to <mask>, by Rainer Ebert
Animals 24-7 obituary for <mask>: "Evolved from butcher to leading advocate of vegan philosophy"

1938 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American philosophers
American activists
American animal rights scholars
Deaths from pneumonia in North Carolina
Moral philosophers
North Carolina State University faculty
People associated with the Oxford Group (animal rights)
Veganism activists
Writers from Pittsburgh

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<mask> (; born January 21, 1985) is a former United States Army soldier and the first living person since the Vietnam War to receive the United States Armed Forces' highest decoration for valor, the Medal of Honor. <mask> was cited for saving the lives of members of his squad on October 25, 2007, during the War in Afghanistan. He left the United States Army in June 2011. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Clinton, Iowa, on January 21, 1985, to an Italian American family. <mask> grew up in Cedar Rapids and Hiawatha. His parents, Steven, a medical equipment technician, and Rosemary, a preschool teacher, live in Hiawatha. He has two younger siblings, Mario and Katie.<mask> attended John F. Kennedy High School in Cedar Rapids. At age 17, while working in a Subway, he decided to enlist and joined the United States Army in November 2003. He was the first in his immediate family to serve in the armed forces since his grandparents emigrated from Italy. Military career
<mask> attended basic training and infantry school at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was deployed to Afghanistan from March 2005 until March 2006 and again from May 2007 until July 2008. He was promoted to staff sergeant in August 2009. <mask> was last stationed at Caserma Ederle, the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team's base near Vicenza, Italy.He served in the 2nd Battalion, 503rd Infantry Regiment, 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team, and worked in a support role for members of his unit then deployed in Afghanistan. In 2007, <mask> was stationed at Firebase Vegas in the Korengal Valley—an area about  near the Afghanistan–Pakistan border—which the soldiers had nicknamed the Valley of Death. In late October, his company launched a six-day mission known as Operation Rock Avalanche. On October 23, Taliban fighters killed Staff Sergeant Larry Rougle and wounded two other infantrymen when Rougle's position on "Honcho Hill" was overrun. On October 25, company commander Captain Dan Kearney sent 2nd and 3rd Platoon back to meet with the local village elders and to recover from them the U.S. equipment that the Taliban had captured when Rougle was killed. 1st Platoon was tasked with providing protective cover and interdicting enemy forces from a nearby ridge. Medal of Honor action
Shortly after nightfall on October 25, 2007, rifle team leader <mask> and the rest of the seven troops of 1st Platoon had just finished a day-long overwatch of 2nd and 3rd Platoon in the valley below.Although dark, there was sufficient moonlight that night vision equipment was not needed. They were returning to Combat Outpost Vimoto and Korengal Outpost. They walked about  apart through the thin holly forest, along the Gatigal Spur of Honcho Hill at about  elevation. Within  of leaving their position, 10 to 15 insurgents ambushed the main body of the squad from cover and concealment only about  away, so near that the Apaches overhead could not provide close air support. The ambushing force was armed with AK-47 assault rifles, 10 rocket-propelled grenade (RPG) launchers, and 4 belt-fed PKM machine guns. They fired an unusually high proportion of tracer rounds. Giunta described it later:

Sergeant Joshua Brennan, leader of Alpha Team and one of Giunta's best friends, was walking point.He was followed by SPC Frank Eckrode, squad leader Erick Gallardo, and then <mask>, who was then a specialist. PFC Kaleb Casey and Garrett Clary followed Giunta. A 13-man Headquarters (HQ) unit led by Lt. Brad Winn, including a five-man gun team from weapons squad, along with a nurse who volunteered for the mission, followed immediately behind them. When the Taliban opened fire, Brennan was struck by eight rounds and Eckrode was hit by four rounds. Gallardo attempted to sprint forward, but RPGs exploding among the thin trees and -high bushes around him along with machine gun and small arms fire stopped him. Unable to advance, he fell back to join  <mask>'s Bravo Team. While backpedaling and firing at the same time, he fell and was in the same moment struck in the helmet by an AK-47 round.The round penetrated his helmet but only grazed his scalp. An RPG round struck very near <mask>, who was returning fire and directing Bravo Team from a small defilade. <mask> was puzzled that the lip of the small depression he lay in was not protecting him from rounds cracking by his head, that they appeared to be coming from the north as well as the west. Giunta saw Gallardo take the bullet to his head and fall. Assuming Gallardo had been shot, <mask> rose and ran through the intense wall of fire to his side. As he helped the uninjured sergeant find cover, the ceramic plate in the front of <mask>'s protective vest was struck by a bullet. Another round struck the SMAW-D weapon slung over his back.Giunta recognized that the extremely heavy tracer fire was coming not just from his west but from the north as well, a classic L-shaped ambush that threatened to flank the squad. He recalled from basic training that to survive an ambush like this he had only one choice: advance on the enemy. He ordered Casey and Clary to pull back a few steps to prevent the Taliban from flanking them. Casey was firing his M249 Squad Automatic Weapon cyclic and Clary was firing his M203 grenade launcher as well. The platoon leader in the HQ unit, Lieutenant Brad Winn, radioed Captain Kearney to advise him that their unit had five wounded men. The squad's medic, Specialist Hugo Mendoza, was among them. He had been shot through the femoral artery at the beginning of the ambush and died.Kearney ordered Second Platoon to assist Winn's platoon, but Second Platoon was in the valley below, some distance away, and had to first cross a river to reach them. <mask> and Gallardo gathered Casey and Clary. They were pinned down by the concentrated small arms and cyclic machine gun fire from a number of Taliban positions at close range. Less than 15 seconds into the ambush, <mask> and the others disrupted the attack by throwing volleys of fragmentation grenades towards the Taliban about  to their west and attacked north. Firing PFC Casey's M249, Clary's M203, and their other weapons, they advanced until they reached Eckrode. Shot twice in one leg and with two other wounds, Eckrode was attempting to unjam his M249 SAW. Gallardo, who later received a Silver Star for his actions, dressed Eckrode's wounds and called for medevac.<mask>, seeing that Eckrode was tended to, advanced with PFC Clary through the intense enemy gunfire, looking for Brennan. When they could not locate him where they expected to find him, Giunta ran further forward through the effective small arms fire and over the exposed, open crest of the ridge. Giunta saw three individuals and then recognized that two of them were Afghans dragging Sgt. Brennan, one by the legs and one by his arms. Giunta pursued them, firing his M4 carbine as he ran, killing one (later identified as Mohammad Tali, considered a high-value target) and wounding the other. The second Afghan dropped Brennan and fled. An AC-130 gunship shortly afterward spotted someone carrying Brennan's rucksack and killed him.<mask> said, "I ran through fire to see what was going on with [Brennan] and maybe we could hide behind the same rock and shoot together ... He was still conscious. He was breathing. He was asking for morphine. I said, 'You'll get out and tell your hero stories,' and he was like, 'I will, I will.'" After reaching Brennan, Giunta pulled him back towards the rest of the squad and cover, comforted him, and examined him for wounds in the dark. Brennan was grievously hurt.The 2nd and 3rd Platoons arrived to reinforce 1st Platoon and render aid. <mask> continued to assist the medic and adjust security while they waited for evacuation. The ambush had lasted three minutes. Later the next day, Brennan died while in surgery. Gallardo told <mask> later on, "You don't understand ... but what you did was pretty crazy. We were outnumbered. You stopped the fight.You stopped them from taking a soldier." Eckrode said of Giunta, "For all intents and purposes, with the amount of fire that was going on in the conflict at the time, he shouldn't be alive." Medal of Honor award

<mask> learned two days later from Kearney that the latter was going to recommend him for the Medal of Honor. He was uncomfortable about being singled out and labeled a hero. "If I'm a hero, every man that stands around me, every woman in the military, everyone who goes into the unknown is a hero," he says. "So if you think that's a hero—as long as you include everyone with me." <mask> insists that his actions were those of any man in his unit."In this job, I am only mediocre. I'm average." "I did what I did because in the scheme of painting the picture of that ambush, that was just my brush stroke. That's not above and beyond. I didn't take the biggest brush stroke, and it wasn't the most important brush stroke. Wearing the Medal of Honor is like a slap in the face." On September 10, 2010, the White House announced that Giunta would be awarded the United States' highest military decoration, the first awarded to a living recipient since the Vietnam War.He received the medal from President Barack Obama during a ceremony at the White House on November 16, 2010. All of his surviving squad members also attended the ceremony. On July 5, 2017, during a dedication ceremony for the Medal of Honor Walkway, located outside of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Headquarters building in Vicenza, Italy, <mask> chose to give his Medal of Honor to the brigade. He stated "I want this to stay here in Vicenza, Italy with the 173rd to the men and women that earn this every single day through their selflessness and sacrifice." Addressing the attention he has received due to the medal, he stated:

<mask> is the fourth Medal of Honor recipient from the War in Afghanistan, after U.S. Navy Lieutenant Michael P. Murphy, U.S. Army Sergeant First Class Jared C. Monti, and U.S. Army Staff Sergeant Robert James Miller, the others being posthumously awarded the medal. All four were decorated for actions in eastern Afghanistan's small but highly-lethal Kunar Province. Personal life

<mask> chose not to re-enlist and left the army in June 2011.<mask> and his wife moved to Colorado where he studied at Colorado State University. <mask> has also written an autobiography titled Living with Honor, published by Simon & Schuster. <mask> and Jennifer Lynn Mueller, a native of Dubuque, were married in October 2009 after dating for several years. The couple are parents of a daughter born on October 6, 2011. On December 31, 2010, <mask> was invited by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg to attend the New Year's Eve celebrations in Times Square. There, he pressed a button upon the start of a sixty-second countdown to initiate the ball drop. On February 6, 2011, <mask> was honored on the field and via international television broadcast at the beginning of the second half of Super Bowl XLV, which the Green Bay Packers eventually won over the Pittsburgh Steelers.As of June 2014, Giunta lives in Fort Collins, Colorado. Awards and decorations
Giunta's military decorations include:

Medals and ribbons

Medal of Honor citation

His publications

See also

List of post-Vietnam War Medal of Honor recipients

References

External links

United States Army website for SSG Giunta and the MOH action. General Orders No. 2012–20 Award of the Medal of Honor to Specialist <mask><mask>
The <mask> Story Giunta interviewed by the directors of Restrepo. Interview at the Pritzker Military Museum & Library. 1985 births
Living people
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
American shooting survivors
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Hiawatha, Iowa
American people of Italian descent
People from Clinton, Iowa
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Military personnel from Iowa

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Salvatore Augustine Giunta
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<mask>, MBE (10 May 1910 – 27 January 1989) was a British writer, raconteur and broadcaster, born in Barnes, London in the UK. He was best known as a team captain on the BBC's Call My Bluff. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask>, an electrical engineer from Colchester and Dorothy, née Lee, from Manchester. He was enrolled at the kindergarten section of the Froebel Institute in Hammersmith in 1916, for two years, and then went to Ranelagh House, a co-educational school overlooking Barnes Common. In the summer of 1920 his father moved the family to Newbury in Berkshire and <mask> was sent away to a preparatory boarding school, Stirling Court, on the Hampshire coast where his brother was already a pupil. He described it later as a 'traumatic experience'. He was educated at Oundle School from 1924 to 1928, and Christ's College, Cambridge from 1928 to 1931, where he studied modern languages, became President of the Cambridge University Amateur Dramatic Club, and wanted to be an actor.His obsession with the theatre had begun at the age of four when he had been taken to see Peter Pan, played by Madge Titheradge, at the Kings Theatre, Hammersmith. At Cambridge <mask> appeared as Elizabeth in Somerset Maugham's The Circle in 1929 and his performance was praised by George Rylands. The last play in which he appeared for the ADC was directed by Rylands, a production of George Bernard Shaw's Captain Brassbound's Conversion, starring Michael Redgrave in the title role and who was, according to Noel Annan, 'acted off the stage by <mask> as Lady Cicely'. Early career
As <mask> could not find enough acting work, or convince his parents that they should support his desire to pursue a career in the theatre, in 1931 he became a teacher of modern languages, again at Oundle School. His first work in entertainment was writing scripts for three-minute radio sketches. In 1934 a BBC producer asked him to appear on Charlot's Hour, a late-night revue on the Home Service. He signed a contract in 1935 with Columbia and made five gramophone records featuring sketches involving headmistresses and schoolgirls – he was an avid reader of books for girls from childhood and had been performing skits from the early thirties for his friends.He began reviewing for the New Statesman in 1935 too at the invitation of the literary editor Raymond Mortimer who admired his skits. He was asked to contribute an article each Christmas on the best books for girls published during the year – Angela Brazil was nearing the end of her career but Winifred Darch, May Wynne and Dorita Fairlie Bruce were still very productive. World War II interrupted this reviewing of books for girls. World War II
During World War II <mask>'s knowledge of French and German led to his being enrolled in the British Intelligence Corps, and he was soon sent as part of the British Expeditionary Force to northern France. After the rapid German advance he became a part of the Dunkirk evacuation. He wrote in his autobiography, "Absence of food, coupled with exhaustion, made the nights seem unusually cold and there is little of comfort, save protection of a sort, to be found in a sand dune. One's childhood love of sand and beaches disappeared in a trice."Back in England he spent three months with a security section on the Cumbrian coast before being sent to Lisburn in Northern Ireland. In April 1942 he was transferred to the London headquarters of Combined Operations in Richmond Terrace, off Whitehall. He was appointed a security officer and by the end of 1943 was transferred to the headquarters of Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force in Bushy Park, Twickenham. In 1945 <mask> was in Flensburg and lodged on Adolf Hitler's yacht at the time that Alfred Jodl and Wilhelm Keitel were being interrogated. At the end of the war, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, and an MBE, he returned to Oundle School as a Housemaster. Later career
During and immediately after World War II, <mask> had some success on radio and the stage. His wartime radio programme A Date with Nurse Dugdale was popular, and he wrote numerous revue sketches for performers such as Hermione Gingold.He appeared on radio and TV occasionally and published books of humorous pieces among other writings. The most widely known of these were his skits on the life and antics of girls at private schools. From a relatively early age he had been an ardent admirer of the girls' school stories of Angela Brazil. He found them hilarious, although he noted "Miss Brazil had, of course, no comic intention when she started, in 1906, to write her books." In 1954 he left Oundle and, after being private secretary to Victor, Lord Rothschild, worked for the London theatrical firm H. M. Tennent. In the 1950s, he began work in the theatre in London as a scriptwriter and also began having his humorous books published. He adapted the novel Every Third Thought by American writer Dorothea Malm into the play Season of Goodwill.This starred Sybil Thorndike and Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies, but was not a success. He also wrote the British version of the French play Fleur de Cactus which had been adapted for the American stage by Abe Burrows as Cactus Flower. This starred Margaret Leighton and Tony Britton and was a hit on the West End stage, until Leighton left to go to Broadway. As he became better known he appeared on radio and television (although his first radio broadcast had been in 1934), and then in 1979 began his time as a regular team captain on Call My Bluff, which continued until shortly before his death. <mask> took over from Patrick Campbell. They had been friends for many years, ever since they both used to write, from around 1948 onwards, for Lilliput. <mask> was also a newspaper and magazine columnist, writing for The Sunday Telegraph in the 1970s and 1980s.His association with the New Statesman ended in 1981 when he was sacked from its "First Person" column by editor Bruce Page, allegedly for being overtly sympathetic to Margaret Thatcher. He had been writing the column since January 1976, when then-editor Anthony Howard asked him to replace Auberon Waugh, who had gone to The Spectator. During that time <mask> also compiled several collections of the best entries from the weekly New Statesman literary competition, embracing parodies and pastiches. Having retired to Devon in 1970, he lived in Christow for the last fifteen years of his life, where he shared a cottage with Peter Kelland, a former schoolmaster. Their home, Pound Cottage, was the 'Myrtlebank' from which he sent dispatches to the New Statesman and Sunday Telegraph. He suffered a minor heart attack in 1988; he began writing the second part of his autobiography, but died shortly after a more serious illness. Personal life
In his autobiography, Life's Rich Pageant, <mask> was quoted as saying, "I cannot help being happy.I've struggled against it but to no good. Apart from an odd five minutes here and there, I have been happy all my life. There is, I am well aware, no virtue whatsoever in this. It results from a combination of heredity, health, good fortune and shallow intellect." <mask>ine; Whimpering in the Rhododendrons; and Giggling in the Shrubbery.References

Bibliography

1910 births
1989 deaths
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
British columnists
British radio people
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Oundle School
New Statesman people
British Army personnel of World War II
Intelligence Corps officers

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<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (born January 5, 1979) is an American mixed martial artist who most recently competed in the Lightweight division of Bellator. A professional competitor since 2007, Bronzoulis has competed for Strikeforce, Legacy FC, Titan FC, Shark Fights, and was a finalist on Spike TV's Bellator: Fight Master reality show. Background
Bronzolis began practicing martial arts when he was around seven years old, when his father, a martial artist himself, brought the young Bronzoulis to a karate school. From the beginning, Bronzoulis had found his passion, eventually learning Tae Kwon Do, Tang Shu Do, Shotokan, Shotoru, American Freestyle, and kickboxing. When he turned 16, Bronzoulis spent most of his time at the Fairtex Thai kickboxing camp and also watched Jean-Claude Van Damme movies. Bronzoulis is a lifetime registered sex offender, having been convicted of aggravated sexual assault of a 14 year-old girl in 1997. Mixed martial arts career
Bronzoulis made his professional debut in 2007.On April 25, 2009 he fought UFC veteran Kamal Shalorus to a majority draw. Shark Fights
Bronzoulis made his Shark Fights debut in 2010 at Shark Fights 12 where he defeated Anselmo Martinez via disqualification. His next fight under the organization was at Shark Fights 14: Horwich vs. Villefort against Lucas Lopes where he won via unanimous decision. Legacy Fighting Championship
On March 20, 2010, Bronzoulis was defeated by Levi Forrest via unanimous decision at Legacy FC 2 for the Legacy Welterweight Title. On November 5, 2010, Bronzoulis defeated Jonathan Harris at Legacy FC 4 via TKO due to punches in round one to win the Legacy FC Welterweight Championship. On January 29, 2011, Bronzoulis defeated Joe Christoper at Legacy FC 5 via TKO due to punches in round three to retain the Legacy FC Welterweight Championship, he later vacated the title when he signed with Strikeforce. On December 16, 2011, Bronzoulis returned to Legacy FC against Jorge Patino at Legacy FC 9 losing via unanimous decision.On May 11, 2012, Bronzoulis lost to UFC vet Gerald Harris at Legacy FC 11 via split decision. On November 16, 2012, Bronzoulis defeated Robert Shawn Machado at Legacy FC 15 via unanimous decision. Strikeforce
On May 25, 2011 it was announced that Bronzoulis had signed a four-fight deal with Strikeforce. Bronzoulis made his debut for the promotion on June 18, 2011 against WEC veteran Todd Moore at Strikeforce: Overeem vs. Werdum. He lost the fight via unanimous decision (29-28, 29-28, 29-28). Bronzoulis rebounded from this loss just two months later when he defeated Chad Leonhardt via TKO in the third round on the undercard of Strikeforce Challengers: Gurgel vs. Duarte. Bellator MMA
On May 6, 2013, it was announced that Bronzoulis would be featured as a participant on Bellator MMA's reality TV show Fight Master: Bellator MMA.In his preliminary fight to get on the show, Bronzoulis defeated Gareth Joseph by unanimous decision. During the team selection, he chose Randy Couture to be his coach. In his second fight, Bronzoulis defeated Jason Norwood by knockout in the third round. In the quarter-finals, Bronzoulis faced friend Chris Lozano and won via unanimous decision. In the semifinals, he fought Eric Bradley and, despite being controlled for most of two rounds, mounted a comeback and won via TKO in the second round. He was set to face Joe Riggs in the tournament final scheduled to take place at Bellator 98, but the bout was canceled after Riggs suffered an eye injury. The bout eventually took place on November 2, 2013 at Bellator 106 and Bronzoulis lost via unanimous decision.Post-Bellator
Bronzoulis faced Brandon Farran at Triple A MMA 4: Caged Hostility on January 16, 2014. Bronzoulis lost the fight via TKO (punches) in the first round, marking the first KO/TKO loss of his career. Bronzoulis faced Keith Johnson at Titan FC 29 on August 22, 2014. He lost via rear naked choke submission in the third round. Return to Legacy FC
Bronzoulis returned to the promotion as he faced Justin Reiswerg at Legacy FC 37 on November 14, 2014. He won the fight by submission in the second round, ending his three-fight losing streak over the past year. In his next fight for the promotion, Bronzoulis faced Jonathan Harris at Legacy FC 39 on February 27, 2015.He won the fight via TKO in the first round.

masks: Mikel Mike Bronzoulis