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<mask> (1 November 1893 – 13 March 1979) was a German production designer, art director and set decorator. Kettelhut is considered one of the most important artists in the history of early German cinema, mainly for his set direction for Die Nibelungen (1924) and his design and visual effects for Metropolis (1927). His early career was defined by a working relationship with fellow designers Otto Hunte and Karl Vollbrecht, the trio working on many of Fritz Lang's early German films. Despite being best known for his iconic visuals on several of the most important films of German Expressionist cinema, he is also noted for a career spanning into the 1960s and his work on more light-hearted films and musicals. Career

Early career
Kettelhut was born in Berlin in 1893. After leaving school, he received training at a craft school as a theatre artist. In 1909 he first met Otto Hunte, when they were placed in charge of art direction at the Aachen's Stadttheater.The two became long-time collaborators during their early cinema careers. From 1910 until 1912 Kettelhut studied at the College of Applied Arts in Berlin. This was followed by time spent as an apprentice in local theatres around Germany including a period as a scene painter at the Metropolitan Opera in Berlin and a role as the head of the design department in Mühlhausen. His role in theatre was interrupted when Kettelhut was called to serve at the Front in 1914. After being discharged at the end of the First World War his old colleagues, Hunte and Karl Vollbrecht, found Kettelhut employment at Martin Jacoby-Boy's design agency in Berlin. One of the firm's clients was MayFilms, the production company for film maker Joe May and was through these ties that Kettelhut first began his work within cinema. Lang, Hunte and Vollbrecht, 1919–1926
Kettelhut was first employed in cinema for May Film's 1919 production Die Herrin der Welt (The Mistress of the World), an eight-part epic of German cinema.Kettelhut was employed as a production designer on all eight parts and is also credited as a set decorator on the first part. It is on this film that he was re-united with Otto Hunte, to whom he worked as an assistant, and Karl Vollbrecht. Both of whom would work on many films with Kettelhut in the future. Also employed on The Mistress of the World, but as a writer, was Fritz Lang. Kettelhut worked as an assistant to Jacoby-Boy on two further pictures in 1920, the first being Das wandernde Bild (The Moving Image), in which Kettelhut was first introduced to Lang who was directing the film. After producing designs on both parts of 1921's The Indian Tomb, Kettelhut was hired to work on Lang's Dr. Mabuse the Gambler (1922), where he was reunited with Hunte and Vollbrecht. In 1924, Kettelhut worked on one of his most important films, Die Nibelungen.With Lang again as director, he reassembled the team of Hunte, Vollbrecht and Kettelhut, charged with designing the mythical world of Siegfried and the Nibelungen. Hunte was placed in charge of set design and construction, while Kettelhut and Vollbrecht assisted as set collaborators, though Kettelhut's speciality was in architectural designs and models. Kettelhut not only created the architectural feel of the film, designing the buildings such as the Icelandic castle surrounded by fire from Part I, but he was also heavily involved in designing more mechanical elements, most notably the life-sized dragon slayed by Siegfried. Shortly before his death, Kettelhut was persuaded to sell his original production drawings from Die Nibelungen to the Deutsche Kinemathek, and subsequently they have been shown as part of exhibitions in the museum of cinema in Berlin and the Centre Georges Pompidou in France. Die Nibelungen brought Kettelhut into a working relationship with cameraman Günther Rittau. The two worked together several times in the future, but their most impressive collaboration was on their next Fritz Lang film, Metropolis (1927). Lang kept faith with his old team and with Hunte as lead, Vollbrecht and Kettelhut were brought in to design the cityscape central to the sci-fi dystopia of the film.Kettelhut's drawing's originally featured a large Gothic cathedral style building amongst the skyscrapers, but this was rejected by Lang who had visions of a city which had rejected religion and instead had built a 'Tower of Babel'. Rittau and Kettelhut worked closely, not only to realise Lang's vision, but also on early special effects to bring the enormity of the city to life. Kettelhut's is credited with the positions of Art Direction and Art Department on Metropolis, but also undertook several uncredited roles, including special effects, visual effects and technical consultant. Hunte and Kettelhut's work during this period is often discussed as a shared output with the two men holding the same design ideology. When they were interviewed to discuss their creations, they would discuss the architectural or mechanical features of their design rather than the artistic. Unlike their contemporaries, Robert Herlth (Faust) and Walter Reimann (The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari), Hunte and Kettelhut preferred to approach a challenge by looking at the economic restrictions and technical difficulties to ensure they did not hit problems at construction. Herlth and Reimann were more concerned with the look and artistic design and encouraged on-set improvisation to overcome technical issues.After Lang, 1927–1932
After Metropolis, Kettelhut, Hunte and Vollbrecht went their own ways. This allowed Kettelhut to come to the fore as a designer, and from this point he was normally the lead designer in the films he worked on, mainly for UFA. One of Kettelhut's first solo projects was an uncredited role as art director for Walter Ruttmann's documentary Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt (Berlin: Symphony of a Metropolis). To maintain the integrity of the documentary, Kettelhut hid and sheltered the cameras around the city to allow them to capture the citizens of Berlin without interruption. In 1928 Kettelhut provided art direction for Paul Czinner's drama Doña Juana, and Ungarische Rhapsodie a romantic film starring a young Dita Parlo. Until 1932, Kettelhut continued to work with producer <mask>, who had overseen previous ventures such as Dr. Mabuse, the Gambler and Die Nibelungen. These included the 1929 silent melodrama Asphalt and a series of Lilian Harvey operettas (Princesse!à vos ordres!, The Love Waltz and  Quick) and Hans Albers adventures (Asphalt, Bombs on Monte Carlo and F.P.1 antwortet nicht). Kettelhut's work on Asphalt, where he designed on set an entire street to allow long panning shots, harks to the work of Rochus Gliese, who achieved a similar feat on F. W. Murnau's Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927). Kettelhut's Asphalt street was a fully functioning 760-foot-long set that allowed for ten camera positions and whose "day-lighting" of 2,000 lamps consumed the electrical supply comparable to a small city. The street design was originally given to Herlth, but he resigned after falling out with the director; but Herlth's original vision influenced Kettelhut's final design. During this time, the early days of cinema sound, many studios experimented with Multiple Language Versions (MLVs), taking a story and crew and shooting a film in two or more languages usually with a completely new cast. UFA experimented with MLVs, shooting many of its films in German, French and English, and this resulted in Kettelhut being hired to work on two or three films in quick succession. Examples of this involving Kettelhut include: Bombs on Monte Carlo (German), Le capitaine Craddock (French) and Monte Carlo Madness (English).Of the films Kettelhut contributed during this period, of note from a design context, is 1932's F.P.1 antwortet nicht (also shot as I.F.1 ne répond plus (French version) and F.P.1 (English version)). This science-fiction film centered around a mid-Atlantic aircraft landing platform, which was designed by Kettelhut. Work during Nazi Germany 1933–1945
Kettelhut continued to find employment in Germany after the Nazis came to power. He found himself working with German directors such as Paul Martin, Reinhold Schünzel and Arthur Robison, producing mainly comedies for home-grown talent like Willy Fritsch. During this period Kettelhut was more often listed in his films as the production designer rather than art director. From 1937 he struck a strong professional relationship with director Georg Jacoby, and worked on a string of musicals with him, including Gasparone (1937), Der Vorhang fällt (1939), Kora Terry (1940) and Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten (1941). Frauen sind doch bessere Diplomaten (Women Are Better Diplomats) was a long shoot and went over budget, mainly due to problems with filming in the newly developed Agfacolor.With the end of the Second World War, Kettelhut left the film industry for five years. The release of <mask>'s rom-com Fahrt ins Glück in 1948, for which Kettelhut worked as the production designer, was postponed. It was actually shot in 1944 but needed to wait four years until its premiere, in East Germany. Later career 1946–1979
Kettelhut returned to film in 1950, with the Carl Froelich comedy drama Drei Mädchen spinnen. He continued to work throughout Germany, being employed by studios in Munich, Hamburg and Berlin. Kettelhut at first found himself designing sets for films similar to those he had been working on during the 1940s, with another Georg Jacoby musical Sensation in San Remo (1951), starring Marika Rökk. He also teamed up with actor Gustav Fröhlich, on one of Fröhlich's few forays into directing, the drama Torreani.In 1954 he found work again with his former boss <mask> who had returned from self-imposed exile in the United States. They made two final films together Eine Liebesgeschichte (1954) and Kinder, Mütter und ein General (Children, Mother, and the General) which became one of the five pictures selected as best foreign film at the 1955 Golden Globe Awards. In the mid-1950s, Kettelhut found himself in constant demand, working on three or four films a year. In 1955, as well as Kinder, Mütter und ein General he also acted as production designer on Drei Mädels vom Rhein, Drei Tage Mittelarrest and Eine Frau genügt nicht?. In the late 1950s, Kettelhut contributed outstanding design sets to two submarine dramas, the sympathetic anti-war tale  (Sharks and Little Fish) and the loose biographical film U 47 – Kapitänleutnant Prien. Kettelhut's final outing on the big screen saw him reunited with Fritz Lang, in what would also be the director's final film, The Thousand Eyes of Dr. Mabuse (1960). With his career in film behind him, Kettelhut found work in the emerging television industry.He provided art direction for the television movies Geschichte einer Geschichte (1963) Das Feuerzeichen (1965) and Schwarzer Freitag (Black Friday) and the short lived 1963 television comedy series Die merkwürdigen Erlebnisse des Hansjürgen Weidlich. He died in Hamburg, West Germany on the 13 March 1979 at the age of 86. Awards and recognition
In 1968 Kettelhut was awarded the 'Special Award for Outstanding Contributions to German Cinema' for his lifelong body of work at the annual German Film Awards (Deutscher Filmpreis). Filmography

Key:  As art director;  As production designer;  S As set decorator; A Art department

References

External links

German production designers
German art directors
German set decorators
German military personnel of World War I
Film people from Berlin
People from the Province of Brandenburg
1893 births
1979 deaths

masks:
Erich Karl Heinrich Kettelhut
Erich Pommer
Erich Engel
Erich Pommer


type: original

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<mask> (born Shirley Marlin Noznisky; October 25, 1939) is an American former actress and model who was the first wife of singer-songwriter <mask>. In 1959, Noznisky was wed to magazine photographer Hans Lownds, during which time she was known as <mask>. <mask> married <mask> at a quiet ceremony on November 22, 1965, and the couple had four children together. Their marriage has been cited by music writers and biographers as the inspiration for many songs which <mask> created during the 1960s and '70s, including "Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands", "Love Minus Zero/No Limit", "Abandoned Love", and "Sara". The 1975 album Blood on the Tracks has been cited by many as <mask>'s account of their disintegrating marriage; their son <mask> has said that the lyrics of the album are "my parents talking". The pair divorced in June 1977. <mask> played the role of Clara in the movie Renaldo and Clara, directed by <mask>, and the film was described by a <mask> biographer as "in part a tribute to his wife".Early life
Shirley Marlin Noznisky was born in Wilmington, Delaware, on October 25, 1939, to Jewish parents Isaac and Bessie Noznisky; her father was born circa 1894 and became a US citizen in 1912. Isaac set up a scrap metal business at South Claymont Street, Wilmington. He was shot dead by a drunken fellow East European immigrant on November 18, 1956. Shirley Noznisky had one brother, Julius, 16 years her senior. In 1959, Shirley moved to New York City and quickly married magazine photographer Hans Lownds; Shirley was his third wife. Lownds persuaded her to change her name to <mask> because his first wife, also named Shirley, had left him and he did not want to be reminded of his previous marriage. <mask> and Hans lived in a five-story house on 60th Street in Manhattan, between Second and Third Avenues.<mask> had a modeling career and appeared in Harper's Bazaar as the 'lovely luscious <mask>'—then became pregnant. Their daughter Maria was born October 21, 1961. Within a year of the birth, the marriage began to fail. <mask> started going out on her own, driving around town in an MG sports car Hans had given her, and gravitated to the youthful scene in Greenwich Village. Sometime in early 1964, she met <mask>. <mask> was still married to Hans when they met, and <mask> was still romantically linked to Joan Baez at the time. Peter Lownds (Hans' son from a previous marriage) has stated: "Bob was the reason (she left Hans)."<mask> also had a friend, Sally Buchler, who went on to marry <mask>'s manager Albert Grossman. <mask> and <mask> were guests at the wedding in November 1964. After Hans and <mask> separated, <mask> went to work as a secretary for the film production division of the Time Life company, where filmmakers such as Richard Leacock and D. A. Pennebaker were impressed with her resourcefulness. "She was supposed to be a secretary," said Pennebaker, "but she ran the place." <mask> introduced <mask> and Albert Grossman to Pennebaker, the director who would make the film Dont Look Back, about <mask>'s UK tour in April 1965. Marriage to <mask>
Lownds and <mask> became romantically involved sometime in 1964; soon afterwards, they moved into separate rooms in New York's Hotel Chelsea to be near one another. <mask> biographer Robert Shelton, who knew Bob and <mask> in the mid-1960s, writes that <mask> "had a Romany spirit, seeming to be wise beyond her years, knowledgeable about magic, folklore and traditional wisdom".Author David Hajdu described her as "well read, a good conversationalist and better listener, resourceful, a quick study, and good hearted. She impressed some people as shy and quiet, others as supremely confident; either way, she appeared to do only what she felt needed to be done." In September 1965, <mask> commenced his first "electric" tour of the United States, backed by the Hawks. During a break in the tour, <mask> married <mask>—now pregnant with <mask>—on November 22, 1965. According to <mask> biographer Howard Sounes, the wedding took place under an oak tree outside a judge's office on Long Island, and the only other participants were Albert Grossman and a maid of honor for <mask>. Robbie Robertson, who was playing lead guitar on the 1965 "electric" tour, has described in his memoir how he received a phone call that morning to accompany the couple to a courthouse on Long Island, and then to a reception hosted by Albert and Sally Grossman at the Algonquin Hotel. Some of <mask>'s friends (including Ramblin' Jack Elliott) claim that, in conversation immediately after the event, <mask> denied that he was married.Journalist Nora Ephron first made the news public in the New York Post in February 1966 with the headline "Hush! <mask> is wed."

Bob and <mask> had four children: Jesse, Anna, Samuel and Jakob. <mask> also adopted Maria, <mask>'s daughter from her first marriage. During these years of domestic stability, they lived in Woodstock in upstate New York. In 1973, Bob and <mask> sold their Woodstock home and purchased a modest property on the Point Dume peninsula in Malibu, California. They commenced constructing a large home on this site, and the re-modelling of the house occupied the next two years. Sounes writes that during this period, tensions began to appear in their marriage.The <mask>s still retained a house in Manhattan. In April 1974, <mask> began to take art classes with artist Norman Raeben in New York. <mask> would later say in an interview that the art lessons caused problems in his marriage: "I went home after that first day and my wife never did understand me ever since that day. That's when our marriage started breaking up. She never knew what I was talking about, what I was thinking about, and I couldn't possibly explain it." Notwithstanding these tensions, <mask> accompanied <mask> on much of the first stage of the Rolling Thunder Revue, from October to December 1975. The Revue formed the backdrop to the shooting of the film Renaldo and Clara, directed by <mask>.<mask> appeared in many scenes in this semi-improvised movie, playing Clara to <mask>'s Renaldo. Joan Baez, a former lover of <mask>, was also a featured performer on the Revue and appeared in the film as The Woman in White. In one scene, Baez asks <mask>, "What would've happened if we ever got married, Bob?" <mask> replies, "I married the woman I love." Sounes suggests that the film may have been in part <mask>'s tribute to his wife, since his film production company, Lombard Street Films, was named after the street in Wilmington where <mask> was born. Later life
During the divorce proceedings, <mask> was represented by attorney Marvin Mitchelson. Mitchelson later estimated that the settlement agreed was worth about $36 million to <mask> and included "half the royalties from the songs written during their marriage".Michael Gray has written: "A condition of the settlement was that <mask> would remain silent about her life with <mask>. She has done so." By some reports <mask> and <mask> remained friends after the acrimony of the divorce subsided, and Clinton Heylin writes that the photo of <mask> on a hillside in Jerusalem, which appeared on the inner sleeve of the 1983 album Infidels, was taken by <mask>. According to Howard Sounes in his book Down the Highway <mask> "dated a  number of men after her divorce including Bob's friend David Blue"; Blue died in 1982 of a heart attack while jogging in New York. Discussing his parents' marriage, <mask> said in 2005: "My father said it himself in an interview many years ago: 'Husband and wife failed, but mother and father didn't.' My ethics are high because my parents did a great job." As subject of songs
<mask> is said to have inspired several songs by <mask>, and two have been directly linked to her."Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands," the only song on the fourth side of the 1966 album Blonde on Blonde, was described by critic Robert Shelton as "virtually a wedding song for the former <mask> N. Lownds". In "<mask>" from the 1976 album Desire, <mask> calls her a "radiant jewel, mystical wife". Shelton writes that with this song, "<mask> seems to be making an unabashed confessional to his wife. A plea for forgiveness and understanding." Noting the autobiographical reference in the song to "drinkin' white rum in a Portugal bar" Shelton connects this line with a trip <mask> made to Portugal with <mask> in 1965. In "<mask>," <mask> seems to acknowledge his wife as the inspiration for "Sad Eyed Lady":

I can still hear the sound of the Methodist bells
I had taken the cure and had just gotten through
staying up for days in the Chelsea Hotel
writing "Sad Eyed Lady of the Lowlands" for you

Jacques Levy, who co-wrote many songs on Desire, has recalled how <mask> and <mask> were estranged when he recorded this song in July 1975. <mask> happened to visit the studio that evening and <mask> "sang '<mask>' to his wife as she watched from the other side of the glass...It was extraordinary. You could have heard a pin drop. She was absolutely stunned by it," said Levy. According to Larry Sloman, <mask> turned to <mask> just before beginning the song, and stated, "This one's for you." The songs on <mask>'s 1975 album Blood on the Tracks have been described by several of <mask>'s biographers and critics as arising from the tension as his marriage to <mask> collapsed. The album was recorded soon after the couple's initial separation. <mask> biographers Robert Shelton and Clinton Heylin have cautioned against interpreting the album as naked autobiography, arguing that Blood on the Tracks works on many levels—musical, spiritual, poetic—as well as a personal confession.<mask> himself denied at the time of the album's release that Blood on the Tracks was autobiographical, but <mask> has said, "When I'm listening to 'Subterranean Homesick Blues' I'm grooving along just like you. But when I'm listening to Blood On The Tracks, that's about my parents." Heylin has quoted Steven Soles saying that, in 1977, <mask> came over unannounced to his apartment and played him ten or twelve songs that were "very dark, very intense" dealing with his bitterness over the divorce. Soles adds that none of these songs were ever recorded. In addition to Blonde on Blonde, Blood on the Tracks, and Desire, some critics have suggested <mask> is the inspiration for other works. Both Clinton Heylin and Andy Gill have connected <mask> to "Love Minus Zero/No Limit" recorded in January 1965. Gill writes that this song expresses admiration for <mask>'s "Zen-like equanimity: unlike most of the women he met, she wasn't out to impress him or interrogate him about his lyrics."Heylin also credits <mask> as the inspiration for "She Belongs to Me" (from 1965's Bringing It All Back Home) and "Abandoned Love" (recorded during the Desire sessions, but not released until the Biograph box set in 1985). Anne Margaret Daniel has noted that "Abandoned Love" was at one time entitled "<mask> Part II Abandoned Love." In pop culture
A fictional version of the marriage of <mask> and <mask> is featured in the <mask> biopic I'm Not There, where Heath Ledger plays a Dylan-like performer and Charlotte Gainsbourg plays Claire, a character based on a combination of <mask> and Suze Rotolo. Footnotes

References

External links

1939 births
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Female models from Delaware
Jewish American actresses
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Living people
<mask>
Actresses from Wilmington, Delaware
20th-century American actresses
Jewish female models

masks:
Sara Dylan
Bob Dylan
Sara Lownds
Sara
Bob Dylan
Dylan
Bob Dylan
Jakob Dylan
Sara Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Sara
Sara Lownds
Sara
Bob Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Sara
Sara
Bob Dylan
Dylan
Bob Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Jesse Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Bob Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Sara Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Sara
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Jakob Dylan
Sara Dylan
Dylan
Sara Shirley
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Dylan
Jakob Dylan
Dylan
Sara Dylan
Sara
Sara
Sara Dylan
Sara
Dylan
Sara
Bob Dylan
Sara Dylan
Bob Dylan


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<mask> (20 March 1870 -– 29 October 1922) was an American mycologist, and botanist. He was one of the foremost American experts on the discomycetes. Biography
<mask> was born in Canandaigua, New York. He received his bachelor's degree in botany and entomology from Cornell University in 1893 and his Doctor of Science in botany in 1895 under George Francis Atkinson at Cornell. Following graduation he taught botany and mycology at Cornell until 1910, first as a fellow and later as an instructor. In 1910, <mask> was appointed professor of botany at the University of Missouri, where he remained until 1918. In 1918, <mask> was named professor at the University of Minnesota, where from 1920 to 1921 he was the Chairman of the Department of Botany.He remained at the University of Minnesota until his death from cancer on 29 October 1922. <mask> is buried in the <mask> family plot in Woodlawn Cemetery in Canandaigua, New York. He married Anna Louise Perry on 6 September 1899 and had one child, Anna Louise <mask> (d. 1981), on 6 June 1901. Anna Louise died shortly after giving birth to their daughter on 11 June 1901. He married Sue Gertrude Stone (d. 1957) on 24 July 1917. Mycological contributions
<mask> contributed to a broad range of botanical sciences, ranging from bryology and pteridology to mycology. He was recognized and highly respected as an authority on discomycetes, and was one of the first Americans to study the group extensively.His personal collection, numbering 12,087 specimens of discomycetes, including 16 types, 27 paratypes, 2 syntypes, and 6,000 microscope slides, was deposited in the Plant Pathology Herbarium at Cornell University (CUP), helping establish that herbarium as a leading center for the study of discomycetes. <mask>'s collections included 650 types (mostly discomycetes) from other authors and herbaria, currently stored at Cornell University. Additional specimens <mask> collected are stored in the herbaria of the Field Museum of Natural History, the University of Kentucky, the University of Minnesota, the New York Botanical Garden, and Pomona College. Taxa described and new combinations
E.J. <mask> described a total of 25 new species, one new form, one new variety, and made 20 new combinations of species. , nine of his species and ten recombinations are still accepted (having not been assigned to another genus or reduced to synonymy under previously published names). <mask> also described two genera, Gloeoglossum and Ionomidotis which were both later reduced to synonymy.Gloeoglossum E.J. <mask> 1908 = Geoglossum Persoon 1794
Ionomidotis E.J. <mask> ex Thaxt. 1923 = Ameghiniella Speg. 1888
Catinella elastica (Pat. & Gaillard) E.J. <mask> 1922 = Aleurina elastica (Pat.& Gaillard) Sacc. & P. Syd. 1902
Catinella negro-olivacea (Schwein.) E.J. Durand 1922
Ciboria americana E.J. <mask> 1902
Coccophacidium crustaceum (M.A. Curtis) E.J.<mask> 1929 = Coccomycetes strobi J. Reid & Cain 1961
Corynetes arenarius (Rostr.) E.J. <mask> 1908 = Sabuloglossum arenarium (Rostr.) Hustad, A.N. Mill, Dentinger & P.F. Cannon 2013
Corynetes atropurpureus (Batsch) E.J. <mask> 1908 = Geoglossum atropurpureum (Batsch) Persoon 1796
Corynetes robustus E.J.<mask> 1908 = Geoglossum atropurpureum (Batsch) Persoon 1796
Cudonia bulbifera E.J. <mask> 1912 = Pseudombrophila bulbifera (E.J. Durand) Brumm. 1995
Cudonia ochroleuca (Cooke & Harkn.) E.J. <mask> 1908
Dermatea crataegicola E.J. <mask> 1904 = Pezicula crataegicula (Durieu) J.W.Groves 1946
Dermatea puberula E.J. <mask> 1904 = Pezicula puberula (E.J. <mask>) Verkley 1999
Dermatella hamamelidis (Peck) E.J. Durand 1902 = Dermea hamamelidis (Peck) J.W. Groves 1946
Geoglossum affine E.J. <mask> 1908
Geoglossum cohaerens E.J. <mask> 1908
Geoglossum fallax E.J.<mask> 1908
Geoglossum intermedium E.J. <mask> 1908
Geoglossum paludosum (Persoon) E.J. <mask> 1908
Gloeoglossum affine E.J. <mask> 1908 = Geoglossum affine E.J. <mask> 1908
Gloeoglossum difforme (Fr.) E.J. <mask> 1908 = Geoglossum difforme Fr.1815
Gloeoglossum glutinosum (Persoon) E.J. <mask> 1908 = Glutinoglossum glutinosum (Persoon) Hustad, A.N. Mill., Dentinger, & P.F. Cannon 2013
Holwaya gigantea E.J. <mask> 1901 = Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971
Holwaya leptosperma (Peck) E.J. Durand 1901 = Holwaya mucida (Schulzer) Korf & Abawi 1971
Ionomidotis chilensis E.J <mask> 1923 = Midotus chilensis (E.J. <mask>) Cif.1957
Ionomidotis irregularis (Schwein.) E.J. <mask> 1923
Ionomidotis nicaraguensis E.J. <mask> 1923 = Midotis nicaraguensis (E.J. <mask>) Seaver 1951
Ionomidotis olivascens E.J. <mask> 1923 = Midotis olivascens (E.J. <mask>) Seaver 1951
Inomidotis plicata (W. Phillips & Harkn.)E.J. <mask> 1923 = Ameghiniella plicata (W. Phillips & Harkn.) W.Y. Zhuang & Korf 1988
Ionomidotis urceolata E.J. <mask> 1923 = Encoelia urceolata (E.J. <mask>) W.Y. Zhuang 1988
Ionomidotis sprucei (Berk.)E.J. <mask> 1923
Keithia thujina E.J. <mask> 1913 = Didymascella thujina (E.J. <mask>) Maire 1927
Keithia tsugae (Farl.) E.J. <mask> 1913 = Fabrella tsugae (Farl.) Kirschst.1941
Lachnum atropurpureum E.J. <mask> 1904 = Lachnella atropurpurea (E.J. <mask>) Seaver 1951
Leptoglossum alveolatum E.J. <mask> ex Rehm 1904 = Geoglossum alveolatum (E.J. <mask> ex Rehm) E.J. <mask> 1908
Microglossum fumosum (Peck) E.J. <mask> 1908
Microglossum longisporum E.J.<mask> 1908
Midotis infundibuliformis E.J. <mask> 1923 = Encoelia infundibuliformis (E.J. <mask>) Dennis 1954
Midotis occidentalis E.J. <mask> 1923
Mitrula alveolata E.J. <mask> 1902 = Geoglossum alveolatum (E.J. <mask> ex Rehm) E.J. <mask> 1908
Sarcosoma carolinianum E.J.<mask> 1903
Sclerotinia smilacinae E.J. <mask> 1902 = Stromatinia smilacinae (E.J. <mask>) Whetzel 1945
Trichoglossum confusum E.J. <mask> 1921
Trichoglossum farlowii (Cooke) E.J. <mask> 1908
Trichoglossum hirsutum f. variabile E.J. <mask> 1908 = Trichoglossum variabile (E.J. <mask>) Nannf.1942
Trichoglossum hirsutum var. wrightii E.J. <mask> 1908 = Trichoglossum wrightii (E.J. <mask>) E.J. <mask> 1921
Trichoglossum rehmianum (Henn.) E.J. <mask> 1908
Trichoglossum velutipes (Peck.)E.J<mask> 1908
Trichoglossum walteri (Berk.) E.J. <mask> 1908

Mycological lineage
<mask> earned his Doctorate of Science under G.F. Atkinson at Cornell. Durand belongs to the mycological lineage of William Russel Dudley. Dudley was a student and assistant under Albert Nelson Prentiss, who was the first head of the Department of Botany at Cornell University. Dudley mentored G.F. Atkinson who later returned to Cornell when Dudley left in 1892.While <mask> did not directly mentor any students who would later become professional mycologists, he was well-regarded as an instructor in undergraduate courses. Honors and memberships
While a student at Cornell, <mask> was a member of Sigma Xi, Quill and Dagger, Congress, the Classical Association, and the Natural History Society (of which he was president in his senior year). <mask> was a charter member of the American Mycological Society (which merged with the Botanical Society of America in 1903). He was also a member of the American Phytopathological Society and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Eponymous taxa
<mask>ia (Peck) Rehm (1913) – nom. illegit. (Article 53.1 ICN).Durandia was previously described as a genus in the Cyperaceae by Johan Otto Boeckeler in 1896. <mask>la Seaver (1932)
Durandiomyces Seaver (1928)
Sphaerospora durandii Rehm (1904)
Trichoglossum durandii Teng (1932)

Publications
<mask> authored or coauthored 30 research publications and one general botany laboratory textbook:
1894. <mask> EJ. "Some rare Myxomycetes of central New York, with notes on the germination of Enteridium rozeanum". Botanical Gazette 19 (3): 89–95. 1894. ———, Halsted BD, Bicknell EP."Botanical notes". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 21 (1): 38–42. 1894. <mask> EJ. "Sporangial trichomes in certain ferns". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 21 (9): 408–409. 1896.———. "Structure of pseudoparenchyma". Botanical Gazette 22 (3): 249. 1897. ———. "A disease of currant canes". Bulletin Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station 125: 24–38.1897. ———. "Outline for use in laboratory practice in a course in general introductory botany". 5 editions. 1899. ———. "A washing apparatus".Botanical Gazette 27 (5): 394–395. 1900. ———. "The classification of the fleshy Pezizineae with reference to the structural characters illustrating the bases of their division into families". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27: 463–495. 1901. ———, Britton EG."Some further observations on Buxbaumia". The Bryologist 4 (2): 32–33. 1901. <mask> EJ. "Dacryopsis ellisiana Massee". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28 (11): 646. 1901.———. "Studies in North American Discomycetes. 1. The genus Holwaya Sacc." Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 28: 349–355. 1902. ———."Studies in North American Discomycetes. 2. Some new or noteworthy species from central and western New York". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 29: 458–465. 1902. ———. "The genus Angelina Fr."The Journal of Mycology 8: 108–109. 1903. ———. "The genus Sarcosoma in North America". The Journal of Mycology 9: 102–104. 1904. ———."Three new species of Discomycetes". The Journal of Mycology 10: 99–101. 1906. ———. "Peziza fusicarpa Ger. and Peziza semitosta B. & C." The Journal of Mycology 12: 28–32.1906. ———. "Sporangial trichomes". The Fern Bulletin 14: 20–21. 1907. ———. "The mycological writings of Theodor Holmskjold and their relation to Persoon's Commentatio".The Journal of Mycology 13: 141–142. 1908. ———. "The Geoglossaceae of North America". Annales Mycologici 6: 387–477. 1908. ———."The development of the sexual organs and sporogonium in Marchantia polymorpha". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 35 (7): 321–335. 1909. ———. "The perithecium of Ascomycetes". Botanical Gazette 48 (1): 67–69. 1909.———. "A discussion of some of the principles governing the interpretation of pre-Persoonian names, and their bearing on the selection of a starting-point for mycological nomenclature". Science 29 (1): 670–676. 1909. ———. "The Geoglossaceae or Earth-tongues". Ontario Natural Science Bulletin 5: 22–25.1911. ———. "The differential staining of intercellular mycelum". Phytopathology 1 (4): 129–130. 1913. ———. "The genus Keithia".Mycologia 5: 6–11. 1919. ———. "Peziza proteana var. sparassoides in America". Mycologia 11 (1): 1–3. 1919.———. "Encalypta lacinata in central New York." The Bryologist 22 (2): 13. 1919. ———. "Peziza proteana var. sparassoides in America".Mycologia 11 (1): 1–3. 1921. ———. "New or noteworthy Geoglossaceae". Mycologia 13 (3): 184–187. 1922. ———."The genus Catinella". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 49: 15–21. 1923. ———. "The genera Midotis, Ionomidotis, and Cordierites". Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 59 (1): 3–19. References

External links

<mask>, <mask>
<mask>, <mask>
American mycologists
American botanists
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni

masks:
Elias Judah Durand
Elias Judah Durand
Durand
Durand
Durand
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. Durand
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Durandiel
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texts:
<mask>. (20 January 1963 – 17 September 2021) was a financial advisor, economist, international lawyer, and journalist. He was head of the investment bank Caracas Capital Markets, managing partner at family office Ophiuchus Capital Management, strategic advisor to the exchange-traded Venezuela Opportunity Fund, and publisher of the newspaper Latin American Herald Tribune. From 2000 to 2007, he was head of the Latin American office of investment bank Oppenheimer & Co. in Caracas, Venezuela. In 2003 he bought the 65-year-old Venezuela Daily Journal which would in 2008 become the Latin American Herald Tribune. Education
<mask> received a B.A. and M.A. in Law from Oxford University.He held a Diploma in International Law from Nottingham University. <mask> held a B.A. in both Economics and Political Science from Ole Miss. He was a Fellow at Columbia University where he was part of a handpicked group chosen to study under former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski. He assisted Louis Henkin on the Restatement (Third) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States  and Henkin, Hans Smit, and Oscar Schachter on the definitive West legal tome "International Law." <mask> was a member of the International Law section of the New York State Bar Association. Writing career

<mask> is fhe author or contributing author of several scholarly works, including 4 books, and numerous newspaper and magazine articles.<mask> "cut his teeth" as a paperboy for The Times-Picayune of New Orleans as a teenager. In high school, <mask> was the editor of a weekly 8 page section of the Mississippi Gulf Coast newspaper, the Sun Herald. At Ole Miss, <mask> worked for the local paper The Oxford Eagle. At Columbia University in New York City, <mask> wrote for The Daily Telegraph of London and became a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of International Affairs. After interning at Newsweek while at Columbia University, <mask> went on to work as a Foreign Correspondent for Newsweek in London, taking over the position from his Oxford University classmate and fellow Newsweek intern Jacob Weisberg. <mask> served on the board of the John Grisham-financed Southern literary magazine Oxford American. Latin America

<mask> was a frequent commentator in print, and on radio and television about South American affairs.He was frequently called upon to speak about the region, testified before the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, advised the White House and addressed the State Department, National Intelligence Council, United States Southern Command, the Annual Meeting of the American Society of International Law, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He lectured at universities around the world. Dallen correctly predicted the growing divergence in economic performance between the outperforming trading-oriented free-market focused nations on the Pacific side of Latin America—Mexico, Colombia, Chile, and Peru—and the more atavistic slow-growing state-controlled economies of the Atlantic side of the continent—Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela. Finance

Dallen's investing was chronicled by the Financial Times in a 2014 article, saying "... the basket of defaulted Argentina bonds, bought by Dallen for clients last year when they were trading for 30 something cents on the dollar, rose through the mid 1980s to reach a bid price of 90 cents on the dollar." Dallen ultimately sold them at 150, quintupling his clients' and firm's investments. <mask> predicted that Argentina would default again, that the country would not settle with the holdout bondholders when the Rights Upon Future Offers (RUFO) clause expired, and that President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner and her party would be defeated in the 2015 Presidential elections. In Brazil, <mask> warned about various companies that were set to tumble and lose investors' money beginning in 2013, specifically Petrobras and Eike Batista's OGX/OSX complex.In Colombia, <mask> warned about the upcoming collapse of investor favorite Pacific Rubiales in 2013 because the company—which would default and declare bankruptcy in 2016—was "branching out into other areas that are away from their core competencies...."

In Venezuela, <mask> began pointing out shortages - including being the first to point out most famously the toilet paper shortage—in January 2013 when oil was above $100 a barrel and warning of the economic collapse that would come. At the same time, <mask> was able to double investments of his firm and clients in Harvest Natural Resources (NYSE: HNR) in one month before taking profits and earn a 60% return in 6 months in Venezuelan Koch brothers entity Fertinitro. In January 2015, <mask> began warning investors in U.S. based Citgo when the Venezuelan government-owned company issued $2.8 billion in new debt, not for its own corporate purposes but to send back to cash-strapped Venezuela. Canadian miner Crystallex, which won a $1.4 billion judgment against Venezuela for the expropriation of the company's mining investments in an arbitration before the World Bank's International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), would subsequently sue Citgo and PDVSA under the Delaware Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act to recover the money. <mask> predicted in March 2016 that the Venezuela opposition strategy to achieve a Recall Referendum on the presidency of Nicolas Maduro by the end of 2016 would be frustrated by the governing regime, warning the Financial Times that "The chavistas have no place to go and they will hold on for as long as possible." In early 2016, <mask> began warning that Venezuela would default on its billions in foreign debt, telling Reuters that "It is a question of when, not if," and noting that "The only thing that could change that is a sharp recovery in oil prices, and/or a bailout from Venezuela's friends in China, Russia or Iran." Keying on cashflows from China and Russia, Dallen would help discover and publicize that Venezuela's state-owned oil company PDVSA was so short of cash that they had mortgaged 49.9% of their U.S. oil refinery Citgo to Russia's state-owned oil company Rosneft and he would later be called upon to testify about Russia's actions before Congress.Likewise, <mask> was also able to document the breakdown in good relations between the People's Republic of China and Venezuela by discovering an international arbitration and lawsuit brought by Sinopec against PDVSA for non-payment. By August 2016, <mask>'s cashflow models were able to accurately predict the timing of the default and CNN, in an article titled with his prediction, quoted <mask> saying that Venezuela would run out of cash "within a year." The Financial Times in an article titled "Venezuela stopped bond payments in September" credited <mask> with the discovery and proof. Bloomberg noted that <mask> and his investors were able to profit from his default prediction by purchasing Credit Default Swaps (CDS)—insurance against default—for a 300% return when Venezuela and PDVSA were declared in default in November by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA). Awards
<mask>'s master's thesis "An Overview of European Community Protection of Human Rights, with some Special References to the U.K.", written while at Oxford, was named "Article of the Year" by the Common Market Law Review and published in book and journal form by them. <mask> was awarded the $40,000 Harry S. Truman Scholarship by the administration of President Ronald Reagan, making <mask> the first Truman Scholar from Ole Miss. <mask> served on the Board of Directors of the Truman Scholars Association from 2012 through 2014.<mask> was named a Harold Wallace Rosenthal Fellow for the United States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. <mask> would later be called upon to testify before the Committee on Foreign Relations on Venezuela. <mask> served on the Rosenthal Fellowship Advisory Board. <mask> was named a Foreign and Commonwealth Office Scholar to Oxford University by the cabinet of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. <mask> was named a Fellow in the European Union Visitors Program. <mask> was named one of ten outstanding future leaders for America's third century by a committee headed by broadcaster Tom Brokaw and Shell Oil Company President John F. Bookout. Other

Dallen is thanked by Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winner Donna Tartt in her novel The Secret History.<mask> was a member of St. Anthony Hall. He died on 17 September 2021, at the age of 58. Sources

External links
  Latin American Herald Tribune

1963 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
University of Mississippi alumni

masks:
Russell Morris Dallen Jr
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<mask> (born September 30, 1987) is an American professional mixed martial artist. <mask> currently competes in the Featherweight division of the Professional Fighters League (PFL). A professional competitor since 2011, <mask> has also competed in the UFC. <mask> was born on September 30, 1987, in Rockville Centre, New York. A talented wrestler, <mask> attended Islip High School, where he was a state champion (140 lbs.) as well as a two-time Suffolk County finalist and a Suffolk County Champion. <mask> continued his career at the collegiate level where he was a NJCAA National finalist for Nassau Community College and had an NCAA Division III fifth-place finish for SUNY Oneonta.<mask> also competed in amateur kickboxing, where was undefeated and held a title. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> had an amateur MMA record of 2-0 before turning professional in 2011. <mask> then compiled a professional record of 5-0 and won the Ring of Combat Lightweight Championship before being signed by the World Series of Fighting. World Series of Fighting
<mask> made his WSOF debut at WSOF 2 on March 23, 2013 against Russian prospect Azamat Dugulubgov. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. Independent promotions
<mask> returned to the local circuit and won both of his next two fights before being signed by the UFC. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut against Cain Carrizosa on August 30, 2014 at UFC 177.<mask> won the fight via technical submission from a guillotine choke in the first round. <mask> faced Zhang Lipeng on January 18, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 59. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced <mask> Giagos on June 6, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 68. He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face Olivier Aubin-Mercier on August 23, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 74. However, <mask> pulled out of the fight in late July, after sustaining an injury, and he was replaced by Tony Sims.<mask> was expected to face Mairbek Taisumov on January 17, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 81, replacing an injured Beneil Dariush. Subsequently, Taisumov was pulled from the fight during the week leading to the event due to alleged visa issues, and he was replaced by promotional newcomer Mehdi Baghdad. <mask> won the fight via submission in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Rashid Magomedov on May 8, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 87. However, Magomedov pulled out of the fight in early March, and he  was replaced by Rustam Khabilov. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> next faced Islam Makhachev on September 17, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 94.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Frankie Perez in a rematch on July 22, 2017 at UFC on Fox 25. He won the fight by unanimous decision with the score board of (29-28, 29-28, 30-27). Professional Fighters League
<mask> subsequently parted ways with UFC following the bout and signed a contract with PFL in early 2018. PFL inaugural season
<mask> made his promotional debut against Natan Schulte at PFL 2 on June 21, 2018. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> then faced Yuki Kawana at PFL 5 on August 2, 2018.He won the fight via first-round guillotine choke submission. <mask> advanced to the playoffs and faced Robert Watley in the opening round on October 13, 2018. <mask> won the fight via majority decision and advanced to the semifinals. In the semifinals, <mask> faced Natan Schulte again in a split decision losing effort and was eliminated from the tournament. PFL Season 2019
In early 2019,  it was announced that <mask> will be participating in the PFL season 2019 lightweight tournament. <mask>'s first appearance of the season took place against Nate Andrews at PFL 2 on May 23, 2019. He won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> then faced Akhmet Aliev at PFL 5 on July 25, 2019. He won the fight via unanimous decision. With two wins in the regular season, <mask> advanced to the playoffs where he faced Nate Andrews in a rematch at PFL 8 on October 17, 2019. He won the fight via majority decision and advanced to the semifinals. In the semifinal on the same day, <mask> faced Loik Radzhabov and lost via unanimous decision and was eliminated from the tournament. PFL Season 2021
<mask> returned to PFL for the 2021 season, moving down a weight class to featherweight. <mask> faced Anthony Dizy on April 23, 2021 at PFL 1.He won the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Arman Ospanov at PFL 4 on June 10, 2021. He won the bout via knockout after landing a head kick and finishing Ospanov with punches in the second round. <mask> faced Bubba Jenkins in the Semifinals off the Featherweight tournament on August 27, 2021 at PFL 9. He won the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Movlid Khaybulaev in the Finals of the Featherweight tournament on October 27, 2021 at PFL 10. He lost the bout via unanimous decision.

masks:
Christopher Wade
Wade
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Background Wade
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<mask> (, ; born 23 January 1987) is a professional ice hockey centre for SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Born to an ethnic Russian family, and raised in Finland, <mask> plays for Finland internationally. A natural centre early in his career, <mask> has made the transition to being able to play all three forward positions. Although <mask> was raised in Finland, he is reportedly the first ever NHL player who was born in Estonia. <mask> was a member of the gold medal-winning Finnish national teams in the 2011 IIHF World Championship and 2022 Winter Olympics. Playing career
After playing with different junior teams, <mask> began his professional career in the Finnish SM-liiga with Ässät. After winning a silver medal with Ässät in 2006, he moved to Pelicans.After his season with Ässät, he was chosen in the sixth round of the 2006 NHL Entry Draft, 180th overall, by the Toronto Maple Leafs. <mask> captained Finland at the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships in Leksand and Mora, Sweden. During the 2009–10 season, <mask> played with Dynamo Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). <mask> won a gold medal with Finland at the 2011 IIHF World Championships in Bratislava and Košice, Slovakia. In May 2012, <mask> agreed to a contract with the Toronto Maple Leafs for the 2012–13 season. The reported value of his contract was $1.2 million, including bonuses. He played his first career NHL game on 19 January 2013, and he scored his first NHL goal (a game winner) against the Montreal Canadiens on 9 February 2013.After one season with the Maple Leafs, <mask> left the NHL to sign a one-year contract to return with Dynamo Moscow in June 2013, with the ambition to make the Finnish 2014 Winter Olympic squad in a more offensive role with Dynamo; he made the roster, also serving as an alternate captain. Despite signing with Dynamo Moscow, <mask> said he was not done with the NHL, and one year later, on 1 July 2014, he signed a four-year deal worth $2.9 million per season to return to the Maple Leafs. <mask> played well following the signing, recording 4 goals and 16 assists in his first 23 games of the season, as well as 99 hits, enough for third in the NHL as of late November. However, a blindside hit from former Dynamo Moscow linemate Alexander Ovechkin on 29 November left <mask> with concussion issues, and he would score at a lackluster pace for the rest of the season. <mask> would rebound the next season and excel under new head coach Mike Babcock. <mask>, who previously played on Toronto's second, third lines and fourth lines, was now experiencing top line duties (taking Phil Kessel's spot), and occasionally reprising his role on the second. He led the Maple Leafs in goals and points up to the Christmas break.Shortly after, he was named to the 2016 NHL All-Star Game on 6 January 2016. <mask> had 27 points in 37 games when named an All-Star, including 15 goals, and was one point behind teammate James van Riemsdyk for the team lead in scoring. Given <mask>'s reputation and traditional NHL role as a bottom six grinder, he had not expected to be named an All Star, going as far as to book a vacation during the All-Star break, which was cancelled after he had been named to the festivities. <mask>'s production declined in the latter half of the season, partially due to the loss of van Riemsdyk in January to injury. Despite this, <mask> finished the year third in team scoring with 36 points, behind only P. A. Parenteau and Nazem Kadri. The following season, he shared a line with Kadri and rookie winger Connor Brown. In 2017, <mask> played in the NHL Centennial Classic where he scored one goal in Toronto's 5–4 overtime win against the Detroit Red Wings.In 2018, <mask> played in the 2018 NHL Stadium Series against the Washington Capitals, where the Leafs lost 2–5. On 1 July 2018, <mask> signed a four-year, $3 million per year contract with the New York Islanders. After playing one NHL game at the start of the 2021–22 NHL season, <mask> was assigned to the Islanders' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Bridgeport Islanders, when he cleared waivers. On 15 November 2021, <mask> signed a two-year contract with SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Personal life
<mask> was born in Narva, in Estonian SSR, Soviet Union to Russian-speaking parents. When he was five years old, <mask>'s family moved to the Swedish-speaking town of Nykarleby, Finland, when his father <mask> accepted a contract to play ice hockey there. Because of his father's partial (Ingrian) Finnish descent, the family was eligible for Finnish citizenship and thus able to permanently reside there.<mask> also holds  dual Russian and Finnish citizenship and reportedly can speak four languages (Russian, Swedish, Finnish, and English). <mask> is married to Juulia Manner. The pair tied the knot on 2 July 2016 in Helsinki, after dating for ten years. They have two children.

masks:
Leonid Aleksandrovich Komarov
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Alexander Komarov
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<mask> (born February 5, 1987) is an American computer scientist and lawyer. He is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Public Affairs at Princeton University affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy, and was previously a PhD student in computer science at Stanford University and a fellow at the Center for Internet and Society and the Center for International Security and Cooperation. During his graduate studies he was a consultant at the California Department of Justice. <mask>'s research focuses on technology policy, especially concerning computer security and privacy. He was selected as one of Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2014 for his contributions to those areas. Biography
<mask> is a Chicago, Illinois, United States, native and attended the Latin School of Chicago. He received his AB from Princeton University in 2009 through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.During his undergraduate studies he was a member of the team competing in the 2007 DARPA Grand Challenge and Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. <mask> began his graduate work at Stanford University in 2009, where he was its first student to pursue both a PhD through the computer science department and a JD at Stanford Law School. <mask> received his JD in 2013. Web browser fingerprinting
<mask>'s research when at Princeton studied the feasibility of tracking web browsers with partial identifiers like display resolution and extensions. His advisor was Professor Edward William Felten. <mask>'s research found that it was possible to fingerprint web browsers, but could not guarantee the global uniqueness of a browser's fingerprint. The Electronic Frontier Foundation's subsequent study reached the same conclusions using a bigger data set.There are businesses now using browser fingerprints in products. Do Not Track
In mid-2010, <mask> and another Stanford researcher Arvind Narayanan argued for Do Not Track in HTTP headers. They built Do Not Track prototypes for clients and servers. Working with Mozilla, they wrote the influential Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Draft of Do Not Track. Ultimately the World Wide Web Consortium has begun standardizing Do Not Track through the Tracking Protection Working Group. <mask> was an active and influential participant in this group and has been described as "key spokesperson" who had a "more interesting and productive career as a student than most tenured faculty". <mask>'s thoughts about Do Not Track have concerned online advertising businesses.Randall Rothenberg, CEO of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, called him a "Bolshevik of the Internet world" and "anathema to anybody who's trying to earn any kind of living using the digital supply chain." At one point, the Senior Director of IAB tried to get <mask> kicked out of his studies at Stanford . On July 30, 2013 <mask> resigned from his job with the W3C working group. His resignation letter faulted advertising members for impeding progress and W3C for bad leadership. Some working group members later tried to bring him back as a leader but this did not happen. Web tracking practices
Between 2011 and 2012 <mask> posted on illegal web tracking businesses. His contributions include the following.Most advertising businesses track users even after users opt out of cookies. Epic Marketplace has used CSS history sniffing to uncover medical and financial information for advertising purposes. The business contested <mask>'s research as "bogus". However, the Federal Trade Commission later brought complaints against Epic Marketplace, citing <mask>'s research. Microsoft has used ETags to track people and create zombie cookies on some websites. Microsoft stopped this practice after it was brought to their attention. User websites leak personal information to other websites.In 2012, <mask> found leaks on Barack Obama's and Mitt Romney's election websites even though both candidates claimed that all this information was anonymous. Google and other businesses have circumvented Apple Safari cookie blocking, as the 'Wall Street Journal reported on its first page. After this, the Federal Trade Commission fined Google $22.5 million. Google settled with state attorneys general for $17 million. This FTC fine was the largest in that agency's history. Mobile application privacy policies
The California Online Privacy Protection Act requires websites to post privacy policies. Attorney General Kamala Harris argued that this law applies to mobile applications as well.<mask> was a consultant for implementing that law on mobile applications. That initiative produced a large settlement with all mobile platforms on February 22, 2012. Mozilla Firefox cookie blocking
In December 2012, <mask> proposed that Mozilla Firefox use the same cookie blocking mechanism as Apple Safari. He wrote the code patch as a community contributor and Mozilla adopted it. Representatives from the online advertising business have objected and criticize both <mask> and Mozilla. Businesses also had Congress members write letters to Mozilla. It was expressing false concerns about abducted children and natural disasters.Mozilla has since changed from Safari's cookie blocking mechanism, instead joining up with Cookie Clearinghouse's privacy initiative. <mask> has said that he is disappointed in Mozilla's decision but remains involved on the advisory board for Cookie Clearinghouse. National Security Agency Laws

After Edward Snowden leaked documents in 2013, <mask> has researched National Security Agency laws. One of <mask>'s projects has focused on Internet surveillance with FISA Amendments Act. <mask> concludes that NSA's "one-end foreign" rules allow them to spy on American citizens. His conclusions are part of the Director of National Intelligence Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies reporting. Another of <mask>'s projects has looked at telephone metadata in conjunction with the Patriot Act.Working with another Stanford researcher, Patrick Mutchler, <mask> concludes that metadata is very sensitive. Awards
 Forbes 30 Under 30 of 2014

References

External links

1987 births
American computer scientists
Living people
American lawyers
Computer law scholars
Articles containing video clips
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs alumni
<mask>

masks:
Jonathan Mayer
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<mask> (30 December 1861, in Lisbon – 11 February 1944, in Lisbon) was a Portuguese soldier, colonial governor, monarchist politician and counter-revolutionary; he was notable for his role during the colonial occupation of Angola and Mozambique and for his dedication to the Monarchist Cause during the period of the First Portuguese Republic through the founding of the Monarchy of the North. Early life
He was born to <mask>, a notable engineer in the Portuguese Army and <mask>, an Irish Protestant who converted to Catholicism (after being educated in a convent in  France). Following her widowed father's death, the 20-year-old <mask> worked for a time in Madrid, before taking residence in Portugal as the governess to the Viscount do Torrão's children. It was as the children's teacher that she met the engineer <mask> and later married, giving birth to two daughters (Carolina and Conceição) and their only son Henrique. <mask> was a militant Catholic, and the young José was raised in a strict authoritarian environment, where he read little of the popular literature, never went to the theater, attended mass daily and similarly read Imitação de Cristo daily in preparation of the "ultimate sacrifice". Similarly, his life was quite regimented: he went to sleep at 11 and woke at 6 in the morning, fenced for an hour, went to mass, had two hours training on horseback daily, and regularly shined his boots, brushed his suits and cleaned most of his personal items. <mask> instilled in her son a religious zeal and military regime; at the age of 11 she gave him a copy of the History of the Crusades, Ivanhoe and he read and re-read a copy of Don Quixote, while fostering ethos of the medieval knight: austerity, valor, abstinence,  service to God and to country.Military academy
Destined by family-upbringing to join the military, after concluding his preparatory studies in Lisbon (January 14, 1879), at 17 years of age, he volunteered for service in the 2nd Cavalry's Royal Lancers Regiment, a position that he served in until 1880. At that time he transferred to the 1st Artillery Regiment, and enrolled in the Military Academy at the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa ("Polytechnic University of Lisbon"), where he studied artillery between 1881 and 1884 as an officer candidate. On June 24, 1881, at 19 years of age, on the eve of being promoted to ensign, he fired five shots from his service revolver wounding Luís <mask> la Torre. The attack, which occurred in the Chiado area of Lisbon, was provoked by a shoulder bump against the defendant which provoked an insulting and offensive profanity to [Couceiro's] dignity. For this simple insult, which in the eyes of <mask> <mask> was without sufficient reason, he drew his Army revolver and fired five shots (three that actually hit) into the victim. In October, Couceiro responded to the charges of the Council of War to the crimes of attempted murder and the use of a prohibited weapon. In a unanimous decision, the council did not find attempted murder charges had been proven, but yet sentenced him to two years in a military prison, later (on April 7, 1882) to be commuted to six months in addition to time served.He was summarily released from the military prison at the Fort of São Julião da Barra on October 7 and returned to the Military Academy (on October 26, 1882). The events of his imprisonment did not affect his career; on January 9, 1884, he was promoted to second-lieutenant in artillery and served in the venerable 1st Artillery Regiment in Campolide, Lisbon. While there, he joined a group of young officers who practiced the "military arts" of that period, that included fencing and riding. He was later promoted to second-lieutenant (on January 27, 1886), and finally to captain (on July 4, 1889), wherein he volunteered for a commission in the Portuguese colonies in Africa (a consequence of the Berlin Conference that divided sections of Africa between European states). Military

Angolan campaign (1889-1891)
<mask> Couceiro arrived in Luanda, Angola on September 1, 1889, and was immediately appointed commander of the Irregular Cavalry Squadron in the village of Humpata (which was originally created by Artur <mask>, chief of the Barotze tribe.The growth of the Portuguese occupation force in the Angolan interior was part of the administration's  attempted to implement their Pink Map to explore and expand their serfdom over the peoples of the central-African interior. After some resistance, the colonial administration began a military campaign to pacify groups that had resisted initial token gestures of friendship and gifts, a process that <mask> <mask> participated in energetically. For the chief's recognition of Portuguese sovereignty over his territories, <mask> Couceiro brought with him a colonels tunic and sword, textiles, gold, velvet, boxes of Porto wine and arms, which were to be delivered in 300 crates  when the Governor of Angola canceled the project. This was a consequence of the 1890 British Ultimatum that removed all Portuguese imperial illusions to sovereignty in south-central Africa, and made the trip dangerous and useless. Couceiro himself dropped the use of "<mask>" from his name out of spite. Meanwhile, he visited the Vila Teixeira da Silva, colonial outpost in Bailundo, site of two Protestant missions (one English, the other American) and where the Portuguese explorer António da Silva Porto lived. Arriving with 40 heavily armed soldiers from Mozambique he constructed an outpost and intimidated the local tribe (fearful of them constructing a fort in the area).After some time, unimpressed with <mask>'s reasons and mindful of the existing hostility between England and Portugal, the chief Dunduma sent Couceiro his own ultimatum. Familiar with the local tribes, the explorer Silva Porto was convinced to defuse the tensions. But his personal failure to resolve the conflict, and suffering from a loss of dignity and honor from the confrontation with the chief, and from a general pessimism associated with the British Ultimatum, caused Silva Porto to wrap himself in a Portuguese flag and attempt suicide by lighting several barrels of explosives. After Silva Porto's death, <mask> <mask> and his troops installed themselves briefly in Belmonte, but surrounded by forces of the chief of Bié, he was forced to withdraw to Bailundo. After remaining along the road to Cambane, he received orders from Governor General Guilherme <mask> Capelo to follow the Angolan arm of the Okavango River to Mucusso (a trip of 2,600 km over uncharted lands), determine the navigability of the river and enforce the sovereignty of Portugal (which was under threat from English forces). His caravan began its journey on April 30, 1890, and included an interpreter (Joaquim Guilherme Gonçalves), ten Mozambican soldiers, three quartermasters and 90 attendants, who traveled into areas occupied by 16 chiefs with different cultures and in environments that had, until then, not been visited by Europeans. There voyage ended on July 30 in the village of the chief of the Mucusso tribe.But, they resolved to continue their exploration to the islands of Gomar, 65 kilometers away, and returned by river until the Fort of Princesa Amélia, in Bié (arriving on October 14 after five months). His expedition earned him the title of Knight of the Order of the Tower and Sword on December 18, 1890. On returning to Bié, he joined with Artur <mask>'s Irregular Cavalry Squadron in the punitive expedition to arrest chief Dunduma (or N’Dunduma), who had given him the ultimatum six months earlier. Artur <mask> brought with him 300 indigenous tribesmen, 70 Boer mercenaries, Portuguese volunteers and a group of auxiliaries made up of Zulu and Damaran peoples. After 30 days of bombardments and attacks, in which Couceiro noted Portuguese justice was imposed, the Barotze surrendered their chief. On terminating this operation he was charged with subjugation of the region of Caranganja and to explore the deposits of salt along the eastern margin of the Cuanza River (wherein he produced detailed reports on the 12-day 453-kilometer expedition). At the end of this campaign he returned to Belmonte, with a fever.Owing to his condition, on February 17, 1891, the Minister of the Navy terminated his commission and ordered him to return to Lisbon. In honor of his service, the people of the region of Belmonte-Cuito-Benguela gave him a diamond-studded replica of his Order of the Tower and Sword knighthood. Received in Lisbon, he was honored for his military activities and for opening up the Angolan interior, for which he received the title of Grand Officer in the Order of the Tower and Sword (on May 29, 1891). Mozambique campaign (1891–1896)
His award did not include a promotion, and after a short time in Lisbon, he was detached to the 3rd Artillery Regiment in Santarém where he remained between August 1891 and August 1892. He returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment in Lisbon after this experience. Generally unhappy with life in Lisbon, he requested a temporary assignment transfer to the Spanish Foreign Legion, which was in service in Melilla during the Battle of the Riff mountains, in Morocco. He distinguished himself, receiving the Spanish Military Merit Medal, but returned once again to Lisbon at the end of his tour; once again undeserving of a promotion, he rejoined the 1st Artillery Regiment.<mask> <mask> was vaguely occupied with a daughter of a Count in Valencia in summer 1894. In October 1894, the Tsonga tribe in southern Mozambique rebelled and attacked the local community of Lourenço Marques (later Maputo). The Portuguese Regenerator government of Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro appointed former Progressive Party minister  António Enes to the title of Royal Commissioner in Mozambique, with the mission to crush the revolt and reaffirm Portuguese sovereignty (in the face of British threats from <mask>, who considered the Portuguese incapable of maintaining the territory). Due to his fame in Angola, <mask> <mask> was invited (and accepted on December 8, 1894) the title of aide-de-camp, and between January 18, 1895 and May he was joined in Mozambique by Alfredo Augusto Freire <mask>, <mask> Ornelas, Eduardo da Costa and Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho <mask>, along with the local commander major Alfredo Augusto Caldas Xavier. Upon arriving the contingent encountered a majority of local tribes (that included the Tongas, Batongas, Machopes and the Vátuas) against the Portuguese, encircling Lourenço Marques, and occupying the island of Xefina. António Enes's initial strategy was to occupy Marracuene from which they would impose order and re-take control of their domains. On January 21, 1895, a column left Lourenço Marques to patrol a distance of 15 kilometers.<mask> <mask>, with a vanguard of thirteen mounted-cavalry, distanced themselves from the column and were attacked by Tonga tribesmen, which they repelled. A month later, while attempting to rendezvous with the "friendly" Matola and Moamba tribes (which never appeared), <mask> Coucerio's detachment of 37 officers and 791 soldiers (that included 300 Angolans) were attacked on the morning of February 2. There was confusion in the Angolan ranks and the lines broke, but <mask> and the other officers were able to rebuild the ranks. Between 4 and 8 Portuguese soldiers and 20 Angolans, while 200 Tongas were killed in the battle. The column remained in the field for three days, and on March 5 they marched into Amboane and then Lourenço Marques on March 6 (where they remained for a month). In another demonstration of his violent tendencies, while in Lourenço Marques he assaulted three journalists (two British and an American) who he believed were hostile to Portuguese interests. He was publicly reprimanded by António Enes, although Enes later confessed that he reprimanded Couceiro "with the desire to kiss him".Enes, and his cabinet, were meanwhile working on a methodical plan to reestablish the dominion of the "King's lands"; he began with occupying the islands at the mouth of the Komati River (Xefina Grande, on February 29, and Xefina Pequena), while Freire <mask> fortified Marracuene and on the first days of April, Caldas Xavier, devastated the island of Benguelene. On April 25, Freire <mask> and Couceiro left Lourenço Marques with a column of 172 men and two cannons,  to build a bridge over the River Incomati to the island of Incanine. After a number of accidents in May, the bridge was complete and a detachment of 400 men headed by the officers entered the Magaia in the direction of Mapungo which the Portuguese sacked and burned. Similarly, on April 18, the detachment destroyed Macaneta, home of a tribe headed by a European educated local named Finish. These attacks forced

masks: Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Cabral Couceiro


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 many of the locals to flee to the lands of Gaza, ruled by chief Gungunhana; as Couceiro wrote:

"With our victories we have won vassals, more prestige! What a cruel sarcasm: the populations emigrate from a liberal administrative territory and governed humanitarianly by the Cross and Law and gather in the corrals of the last wild patriarch aboriginal". As a part of an overall plan to circle and defeat Gungunhana, Couceiro marched 270 Europeans, 50 Angolans, five cannons, and three rapid-firing guns to the southern border of Vátua lands in late June.Near the former fort of Stokolo, about 12 kilometers from the main road, <mask> <mask> and Freire <mask> built an outpost (Ponto X) and bridges without any conflict from the Cossine or Vátua tribes. On July 17, he recaptured the Portuguese outpost in Magude, and completed another bridge on July 24. Meanwhile, Enes was not having too much success in trying to encircle the tribal-lands of Gungunhana. He protested to him, through his intermediaries José Joaquim <mask>da and <mask> Ornelas, and requested he surrender rebels Mahazulo and Matibejana, as well as insisting that the chief accept two or three posts on his lands, in exchange for the immediate  removal of Portuguese troops along his frontiers. Although Enes had been counseled against starting a war with Gungunhana, Couceiro and Freire <mask>rade insisted, at the end of June, that they should advance towards Cossine (within the Vátua lands) and begin the war against the chief. This perturbed the chief; near Cossine were many Vátua tribesmen, and in Magul, the provisional base of Matibejana. On August 23, <mask> Couceiro received orders to attack and arrest the rebel Matibejana.He advanced with 1,000 men along the swampy river, while a contingent of auxiliaries  pillaged the neighboring villages and massacred the inhabitants. What was later known as the Battle of Magul, demonstrated acts that were more cavalier than operationally strategic. <mask> <mask>'s contingent, once again, became separated from his colleague Freire <mask>'s column, and finding the tribes of Cossine exhorted an ultimatum to surrender the rebel Matibejana within three days. When this did not occur, and after several days of inactivity, the gathered tribesman attacked directly the Portuguese lines, which resisted with only 5 dead and 27 injured (the tribes lost 300–450 in total). Although not a strategic victory, it did establish Portuguese military supremacy and turned the tide of the Luso-African skirmishes For his actions, in August 1895, <mask> <mask> was made Knight of the Order of São Bento de Avis, for his actions. Although he demonstrated extraordinary physical courage, he placed his forces in unnecessary harm, but was to become a celebrity and feted with local honors, particularly after the imprisonment of Gungunhana:

"We will see if the victory of Magul will be the defeat of Gungunhana; the defeat, probably, in the district of Lourenço Marques...if it wasn't for <mask> Couceiro, probably, we would lament even today the great disgrace." At the conclusion of these operations, <mask> <mask> left Lourenço Marques (December 18, 1895).Arriving in Lisbon in February 1896, he was proclaimed Benemérito da Pátria ("Honored of the Fatherland"), by unanimity of the Royal Court, recognized for his contribution to Gungunhana's later imprisonment he was made Commander of the Order of the Tower and Sword, and provided with an annual pension of 500$000 réis. In addition, he was made honorary adjunct-do-camp to King Carlos I of Portugal, integrated into the Royal Military House,  and received the Gold Medal for military valor,  and the Queen D. Amélia Silver Medallion for combat during the Mozambique campaign. Politics

In 1898, <mask> Couceiro was transferred into a bureaucratic and administrative role within the armed forces hierarchy; he took part in discussions on Law 14, that dealt with the provisional creation of a 2nd Captain in Artillery, and also debated, with conviction, rapid promotions and better salaries for officers. In 1901, he was sent to Angola, with the mission of reporting on army mobility between the Lucala River and Malanje. His conclusions were presented in a report where he was preoccupied with the Portuguese colonial politics. From here he repeatedly manifested  a disdain for politics, considering it an "indignant swamp" to the honor of true Portuguese, and published numerous articles about colonial and national politics, revealing growing nationalism and anti-parliamentarianism against the rotating system of government in Portugal (which he referred to as the "decline of the Fatherland"). In interviews and public interjections, he assumed the role of Nuno Álvares Pereira, ready to "save" Portugal."<mask> <mask> was, always, the literal synthesis of the Lusitanian descendant of Cid Campeador, the mystic Nun'Álvares, the nobleman of Guesclin"

His position was galvanized by the suicide of Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho <mask>hana, who was slowly destroyed by political intrigue. His political thoughts, imbued with nationalism and Catholicism, preceded in many ways the  Integralismo Lusitano, which included the philosophies of Joaquim <mask> Oliveira Martins and Guerra Junqueiro (who wrote Finis Patriae). Assuming a moral stance, on April 1, 1902, he sent a "respectful petition" to the Royal Court, to decry the imposition of customs taxes on the state's creditors, to recommend a balanced budget and suggested reforms to the political system that guided the "nobleness and traditions" of the Portuguese populous. His letter was widely published in the press and was supported by right-wing monarchists, becoming the uncontested leader of the "Africanistas" (former African military or colonial nationals living in Portugal). Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro the author wrote the poem Paródia, to eulogize Couceiro. It was not long after his petition that a new scandal surfaced: in December 1902 António Teixeira <mask>, the Minister of the Marines and Colonies in the Hintze Ribeiro government, negotiated a contract with Robert Williams (a Breton who the press referred to as the "disciple of <mask>") to construct a rail-line to link Lobito and Benguela (in Mozambique) to the Congolese border, which guaranteed a 99-year transport monopoly and access to mineral exploration along an area 240 kilometers wide by 1,347 kilometres in length. The Williams Contract, as it was known, scandalized nationalists (who saw this as an exclusively Portuguese right); Paiva Couceiro declared that the ministers who sanctioned the accord were traitors.His statements did not make any friends; notwithstanding his links to the Royal House, on December 6, 1902, he was transferred to the role of adjunct to the Inspecção do Serviço de Artilharia in Évora. This imposed exile lasted until November 1903, when the Progressita leader José Luciano <mask>, transferred to the Grupo de Baterias a Cavalo de Queluz, where he remained until 1906. But, while in Évora, he became familiar with João Franco and the Partido Regenerador-Liberal. A symbol of this approximation was the speech by João Franco in May 1903, where his ideas about colonial politics corresponded with <mask> <mask>. Elected politician (1906-1907)
In 1905, after general elections on February 12 (37th Legislative Elections) and when it became clear the King Carlos I of Portugal resolved to finally support governmental reforms made by João Franco's government, <mask> Couveiro and other "Africanists"  (such as Freire <mask>, <mask> Ornelas, Ivens Ferraz and João Baptista Ferreira) decide to register as candidates in the Liberal Regenerator Party. The right-wing newspaper, Alamanque proclaimed of <mask> <mask> "the nobility of his personage and immaculate candor...[was enough that the Portuguese] would never lose their confidence in the future of the race". He ran in the elections to the 39th Legislature (on August 19, 1906), representing the 15th district in eastern Lisbon (from 1906–1907).In 1906, he was a member of the Comissão Parlamentar do Ultramar ("Parliamentary Commission on Overseas Territories"); between 1806 and 1907, he sat on the Comissão Parlamentar de Administração Pública ("Parliamentary Commission on the Public Administration  and also the Comissão Parlamentar da Guerra (Parliamentary Commission on War); his roles on these commission were initially in issues related to the colonies and the military, but grew to include opposition to progressive politics and to the support of issues that were clearly anti-democratic. When discussing the colonies, in particular Angola, he was very passionate, defending that the colonial was the unique resource to make this small Portugal large/important. His legislative career was cut short when, on May 2, 1907, the government leader João Franco, resolved to distance himself from the progressives and through the support of the King, he suspended the Parliament and governed as a dictator. As opposition republican and anarchist groups grew rapidly, <mask> <mask>'s politics became more radical: he advocated a traditional monarchial system that was anti-parliamentarian and without political parties. He served, from 1907 to 1909, as the 89th Governor of Angola. His devotion to the monarchist cause earned him several periods of exile, both before and after the coming of the dictatorial New State (Estado Novo) of António Salazar (1933). Colonial governor of Angola (1907-1909)
On May 1, 1907, the Colonial governor of Angola, Eduardo Augusto Ferreira da Costa, died.Under the suggestion of King Carlos, the new Minister of the Navy, <mask> Ornelas, one of <mask> Couveiro's Africanist comrades, invited him to accept the prestigious colonial position; being a supporter of João Franco had helped his nomination. He accepted it on May 24, 1907, becoming the interim Colonial governor (since his title as Captain did not permit him to obtain the formal title immediately). He arrived in Luanda on June 17, 1907. His objectives were clear: occupy, explore  and garrison the territory until the most remote frontiers, to guarantee security and prevent external interference; promote economic development in the colony, creating cheap, rapid communication to fix Portuguese colonists, providing local work for the indigenous and reducing the weight of protectionism and urban monopolies; and allow the local provincial government to resolve issues autonomously, without the interference of the central government. Although a difficult task, the period of his tenure was marked by progress: fact that was made clear by the following Colonial Governor, José Norton <mask> and confirmed by the historian René Pélissier During this period, in addition to public works, he personally commanded military campaigns to pacifiy the regions of the Cuamato tribe and municipality of Dembos (in Cuanza Norte). He was also responsible for diversifying the economy (90% of which was dependent on rubber and coffee), the expansion of railway lines and the advance into the interior territories. After João Franco's government fell in 1908 (a victim of the events around the assassination of King D. Carlos and his heir Prince Luís Filipe), <mask> <mask> maintained his position until July 22, 1909, after realizing many public works.His eventual resignation was the result of mounting frustrations between his colonial government and the Regenerator government of Venceslau <mask> <mask> Lima. He left Launda in June 1909, notwithstanding the protests from the local European settlers, who wanted him to continue on in the position. Arriving in Lisbon at the beginning of July, during the period of D. Manuel II of Portugal's final months, he received the commission to command the Grupo de Artilharia a Cavalo de Queluz ("Queluz Mounted Artillery"). While Portuguese politics was embroiled in constant scandals, in particular the allegations of fraud in the Crédito Predial Português, <mask> Couceiro remained relatively separated from these conflicts, occupied with his aspirations of obtaining a promotion to Major. Counter-revolutionary

His silence was broken in July 1910, when he published an editorial in the Franco supported O Correio da Manhã and signed HPC, wherein he appealed for a counter-revolution to save the monarchy. He then was involved in several inconsequential conspiracies, in order to implant a monarchist regime in Parliament, defending most of the ideas anti-democratic Republicans adopted. His appeals were not given any debate.Rapidly, the regime fell on October 5, and the First Portuguese Republic was proclaimed. <mask> <mask> was one of the few military commanders to try and seriously stop the revolution, without success. His artillery, located on the Torel, was the only

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