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<mask> (born 21 March 1966) is a Swedish former race car driver. Until his retirement from racing, he competed in the CART, Indy Racing League and the IROC series. He won the 1999 Indianapolis 500 and was the 1998 Indy Racing League champion. He survived one of the racing sport's biggest crashes at Texas Motor Speedway in 2003, where he recorded the highest horizontal g-force ever survived by a human being at .. Eighteen months later he made a comeback at the Indy 500 and set the fastest qualifying time of the field. He retired from IndyCar racing after the race. In 2009, he made a comeback to rally, competing in Rally X at X-Games 15 and winning Gold. <mask> still drives occasionally and won The Dukerie's Stage Rally in Nottingham, England with co-driver Emil Axelsson in June 2011.The duo also won the Swedish classic The Midnight Sun Rally in July 2011. In September Bräck took pole position and won the RAC Tourist Trophy race at the Goodwood Revival in a Shelby Daytona Coupé 1964 together with 9-time 24 Hours of Le Mans winner Tom Kristensen. In September 2013 Bräck won The Whitsun Trophy race at the Goodwood Revival in a Ford GT40 together with Red Bull Racing's Adrian Newey. Early career
Born in Arvika, Sweden, he grew up in the small village of Glava, where his father taught him to drive cars on the lake-ice in the winters. A neighbor introduced Bräck to racing when he was 13 years of age, working in his business one summer, buying him a go-kart. Apart from the beginning of Bräck's career, he has managed his career himself, from finding sponsors, negotiating contracts to winning races. Formula racing
He raced in Britain and Sweden in Formula Ford and Formula 3 (he was Swedish junior Formula Ford Champion in 1986), in Europe in Formula Opel Lotus, in Scandinavia and Europe in the Renault Clio Cup (Scandinavian Champion 1992) and in the US in the Barber Saab Pro Series (Champion in 1993).In 1994 he competed in the International Formula 3000. In 1995 he finished third in the International F3000 championship for Madgwick Racing. In 1996 he was Arrows Formula One test driver but decided to leave the team after mid season concentrating on his European F3000 campaign. Despite winning the last race on the road, after a controversial Clerk of the Course decision he eventually was disqualified from the event and had to settle for the runner-up position in the championship, driving for the British team Super Nova. Had he not been disqualified, <mask> would have been champion. First IRL stint
<mask> debuted in the IRL in 1997, making his first start for Galles Racing at Phoenix, replacing Jeff Ward, and finishing 11th after an accident. Over seven starts, he had two top-5 finishes at Charlotte and New Hampshire.Leading up to his Indianapolis 500 debut in 1997, he showed initial promise early in May. He posted the fastest time on the second day of Rookie Orientation, posting a lap speed of 205.597 mph. He ended up qualifying 15th for the race, in a unique year in which 35 cars formed the starting grid. Unfortunately, on Race Day, in the final pace lap before the green flag, Bräck was caught up in an accident with Stéphan Grégoire and Affonso Giaffone and finished 33rd after being unable to continue. In 1998, he moved to drive for American racing legend A. J. Foyt. The new team paid dividends, as he won three consecutive races on his way to the IRL championship in 1998. In his 1999 title defense, he finished runner-up to Greg Ray, including a win at the 1999 Indianapolis 500.After the 1999 season, he left Foyt's team to compete in the CART FedEx Championship Series. CART career

In 2000 he switched to the CART series, joining Team Rahal and being awarded the Rookie of the Year. He finished 2nd in the driver's championship in 2001, winning a season-high 4 victories and 6 pole positions. However, he did not have much success on road circuits which is what ultimately cost him that year's title to Gil de Ferran. In 2001 Bräck also had a minor role in the Hollywood motion picture Driven, which starred Sylvester Stallone and Burt Reynolds. In 2002, Bräck raced for Chip Ganassi Racing, and he ended the season by winning the CART season finale Mexico City G.P., which turned out to be his only win in major North American open-wheel racing on a road or street circuit. IROC
In 2001 he competed in the International Race of Champions series in the season called IROC XXV.The series is a stock car invitational in the United States. He finished third in the championship, the highest points position for a non-stock car driver. Return to IRL
<mask> moved back to the IRL in 2003 with previous CART team owner, Bobby Rahal and his Rahal Letterman Racing team. <mask> scored 2nd place at the Twin Ring Motegi circuit in Japan. In the final race at Texas Motor Speedway, he suffered a serious crash that almost cost him his life. His car locked wheels with Tomas Scheckter's, flew into the catch fencing, and broke apart. <mask>'s crash saw the highest recorded g-forces since the introduction of crash violence recording systems, peaking at 214 g (while death may occur at >50 g).This was the highest recorded g-force ever survived. He suffered multiple fractures, breaking his sternum, femur, shattering a vertebra in his spine and crushing his ankles. He spent eighteen months recovering from his injuries. Though <mask> would return for one additional race, the Texas wreck essentially ended his racing career in IRL. <mask> made his comeback at the 2005 Indianapolis 500, replacing an injured Buddy Rice (who, coincidentally, had replaced <mask> in 2004). He set the fastest qualification time in the field with an average speed of , but started 23rd due to not qualifying on the first day. He retired from the race with a mechanical problem.Retirement
As of 2011, <mask> lives in England and has retired from open wheel racing. Since 2015 <mask> has helped McLaren Automotive working with dynamic car development for their road cars. In May 2018 he took the role as chief test driver. In May 2017 <mask> set the lap record for road legal cars at the Nürburgring Nordschleife with a lap time of 6'43.22, in a McLaren P1 LM, a project he helped develop with Team Lanzante. For a time he managed future Formula One and IndyCar driver Marcus Ericsson. He continued to occasionally drive in rallying. <mask> also spends his time currently as the lead member and songwriter of his rock band "Bräck", together with lead singer Franc Aledia.At the 2007 Indianapolis 500 the band Bräck cooperated with the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in celebrating American racing legend A. J. Foyt as part of his 50th anniversary at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In May 2007 the band released its first album "Greatest hits, volume 1" featuring the song "Legend of the Speedway". A rock video, featuring Foyt's Indianapolis winning cars including the car <mask> won the race with in 1999 while driving for Foyt was also recorded. The video was directed by Allen Farst of Niche Productions, Dayton, Ohio. <mask> is also on the board of directors of Mekonomen, Scandinavia's biggest distributor of car spare parts, listed on the Swedish stock exchange. In July 2013, Autosport named <mask> one of the top 50 greatest drivers to have never raced in Formula One. Other racing
Bräck was employed by Lanzante Motorsport to drive one of the most prestigious cars, a 1964 Shelby Daytona Coupé, in the RAC Tourist Trophy race at the Goodwood Revival in September 2011.Only six original cars exist. Sharing the driving duties with 9-time Le Mans winner Tom Kristensen, <mask> qualified the car on pole position. The duo also won the race. In September 2013 Bräck, in partnership with Red Bull F1 Racing's Adrian Newey won the Goodwood revival 50 year anniversary The Whitsun Trophy, where <mask> performed a rain qualifying that went viral on social media. The duo went on to win the race. Also in September Bräck co-drove Christian Glaesel's Ford GT40 in the Spa 6-Hours race, together with the owner and Olivier Ellerbrock. Bräck qualified the car on pole.Eventually the car finished in 5th place. X Games
In 2009, four years after retiring from IndyCar racing <mask> made a surprise return to the wheel after receiving a special invitation to compete in the annual ESPN X Games 15 in Los Angeles. <mask> drove a Ford Fiesta prepared by Swedish team Olsbergs MSE. <mask> was the fastest qualifier and went on to win the competition outright in a head-to-head final against previous Rally Gold Medal winner and nine time overall X-Games Gold Medal winner Travis Pastrana. <mask> became the first specially invited driver to win the Rally Gold Medal. The late WRC star Colin McRae previously held the top spot with a second-place finish. Rally
In 2011 Bräck won his second stage rally in his career, Dukerie's Rally outside Nottingham, England, in a Ford Escort Mk II BDG with Swedish co-driver Emil Axelsson.In July 2011 the duo won the Swedish classic The Midnight Sun Rally in the same car, in front of the previous year's winner Kenneth Bäcklund and rally world champion Björn Waldegård. Racing record

Complete International Formula 3000 results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

American open–wheel results
(key)

IndyCar Series

CART

Indianapolis 500

Complete FIA European Rallycross Championship results

Division 1

References

External links

 Official web site
 <mask> career statistics
 <mask>'s crash at Texas Motor Speedway in 2003
Band website

1966 births
Living people
People from Arvika Municipality
Swedish racing drivers
British Formula Three Championship drivers
Champ Car drivers
IndyCar Series champions
IndyCar Series drivers
Swedish Formula Three Championship drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indianapolis 500 winners
International Race of Champions drivers
International Formula 3000 drivers
British Formula 3000 Championship drivers
Swedish expatriates in Belgium
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Barber Pro Series drivers
Chip Ganassi Racing drivers
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing drivers

masks:
Kenny Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Bräck
Kenny
Bräck
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Bräck
Bräck
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Kenny Bräck
Kenny Bräck


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<mask> (March 7, 1913 – July 27, 1942) was a French paratrooper, a member of the Free French Air Force, and a member of the French Squadron, Special Air Service during World War II. He is famous for being the first French paratrooper officer killed in action, and was the author of the poem "Prayer of The Paratrooper". Personal life
<mask> was born in Paris to a family of Alsatian  Catholic (according to the family grave that he shares http://promotion.zirnheld.free.fr/ceremonie/tombe.JPG)

<mask> had been a pupil at the Pensionnat diocésain de Passy (a private Catholic school). A licensed and certified graduate of philosophy, <mask> was a college philosophy professor before the war. In 1937 <mask> was appointed professor of philosophy at the Lycee Carnot de Tunis in Tunis, Tunisia. In October 1938 <mask> served as professor at the French Secular Mission in Tartus, Tunisia. Involvement in the Second World War
At the outbreak of the war in 1939, <mask> was assigned to a Défense Contre Avions (DCA) unit in Lebanon.<mask> tried to transfer to serve in the Metropolitan Army in France, but the Armistice was signed before he could do so. <mask> then defected to British-held Palestine to join the Free French forces. He was assigned to the 1st Colonial Infantry Battalion as a private and served at the Battle of Sidi Barani. Because of his education, he was reassigned as the Deputy Director of the Department of Information and Propaganda in Cairo. Although this was a "safe" position, he requested a frontline posting. He was then sent to the Officer Candidates' School in Brazzaville, French Congo, where he graduated 5th in his class as an Aspirant (Brevet-Lieutenant). He was airborne trained and was assigned to the Middle East in February 1942 to the 1er Compagnie de Chasseurs Parachutistes, assigned to the Forces Aériennes Françaises Libres (FAFL = Free French Air Force).This was later folded into the 3rd French Special Air Service or French 3rd Parachute Chasseur Regiment. Although an officer in the Free French forces, <mask> was rated as a corporal in the SAS. This was because no officer slots were open at the time, <mask> had just joined the unit, and had no seniority. The SAS, originally conceived as an airborne formation, had at this point been converted to a raiding force equipped with machine-gun-armed jeeps. On his first mission, <mask> commanded a team of four men who raided Luftwaffe airfield Berka 3, Libya on 12 June 1942, destroying six enemy aircraft on the ground. He then received, as all SAS after their first mission, his SAS operational wings or "Egyptian wings". His later missions included the sabotage of a railway track, attacks on Axis convoys, and taking Luftwaffe prisoners.For his actions, he was proposed for the French Médaille militaire and British Military Cross and received the Croix de guerre ("Cross of War") with 2 palmes en vermeil (gilded silver Palm Branch pins worn on the medal's ribbon, signifying two Theater-level Mentions-in-Dispatches). The Sidi-Haneish Raid
<mask>'s fourth and last mission was a now legendary SAS raid on Sidi Haneish Airfield on the night of 26 June and the early morning of 27 June 1942. An 18-jeep force attacked the field by driving up the runway in an inverted "V" formation and strafing the parked planes. 37 bombers and transports were destroyed for the loss of two SAS troopers. <mask>'s jeep had  a flat, but he was picked up by Aspirant François Martin. <mask> and Martin drove off, but Martin's jeep broke down, so they began traveling on foot. Three hours later, with the sun now up, a flight of four Stuka dive-bombers spotted them and strafed them.<mask> was hit in the shoulder and abdomen on their second pass. <mask> died of his wounds thirteen hours later. His last words to Martin were, Je vais vous quitter. Tout est en ordre en moi. (I am leaving you. Everything is in order within me.) The Paratrooper's Prayer
While going through a notebook Martin recovered from <mask>'s body, a text was found that would become  La Prière du Para (The Paratrooper's Prayer).<mask> had apparently written it before the war, while working in Tunisia in 1938. It is now the official prayer of both the French, Portuguese and Brazilian Airborne forces. <mask> and his prayer has also been quoted partially or had its content edited to fit its intended audience. <mask> himself, virtually unknown outside France, has been adopted by Allied nations who mistake him for one of their own. He has been quoted by British and Dutch Paras and American Soldiers and Marines, making him a sort of movable "unknown soldier". As for those who view <mask> as a man of peace, he was once quoted as saying: I need not complain about the war. Because of it, I have had to learn to live through anything.Because of it, you could say I have benefited, very greatly benefited even, than that of the life that I have led without it. It is on the contrary peace, that is the situation, the career that had been artificial and dangerous for my progress. After the war, the problem will be to discover a similar pace. Burial
<mask>'s body was first buried in an hastily dug grave in the Libyan desert by Aspirant Martin, who left directions and landmarks to help locate its whereabouts. After the North African campaign, <mask>'s remains were located and interred in the British military cemetery at Mersa Matruh, Egypt. After the war <mask>'s remains were disinterred and sent back to France where they were placed in the family grave in Batignolles Cemetery. Medals
Compagnon de la Libération – décret du 1er Mai 1943 (Companion of the Liberation – Decree of 1 May 1943)
Médaille militaire (Military Medal)
Croix de guerre 39/45 avec 2 palmes (War Cross 1939/1945 with 2 palms)
Médaille de la Résistance avec rosette (Medal of the Resistance with Officer's Rosette)

Further legacy
 Camp Aspirant <mask> is named after <mask>.Located north of Pau, it is one of the three sites of the School of Airborne Troops (and the location of MUSEE - MEMORIAL DES PARACHUTISTES). The fourth promotion (class of 1964-1965) of the École militaire interarmes is known as the promotion Zirnheld. See also
List of French paratrooper units
1st Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment

References

French soldiers
French Air and Space Force personnel
Free French military personnel of World War II
Special Air Service soldiers
Recipients of the Resistance Medal
Companions of the Liberation
1913 births
1942 deaths
Military personnel from Paris
Saint-Jean de Passy alumni
Burials at Batignolles Cemetery
French military personnel killed in World War II

masks:
André Louis Arthur Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
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Zirnheld
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Zirnheld
Zirnheld
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Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld
Zirnheld


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<mask> (October 29, 1885 – June 11, 1963) was an American archaeologist considered the foremost of the southwestern United States and Mesoamerica during the first half of the 20th century. He saw a disciplined system of archaeological techniques as a means to extend the principles of anthropology into the prehistoric past and so was the originator of the first comprehensive, systematic approach to North American archaeology. Early life
Born in Marquette, Michigan, <mask> was the son of a mining engineer. He entered Harvard College with the intention of qualifying for medical school, but found himself uninspired by premedical courses. He applied for a summer job in archaeology with the University of Utah in 1907. Kidder spent two successive summers in the mesa and canyon country of southwestern Colorado, southeastern Utah and areas of New Mexico. <mask> and Jesse L. Nusbaum (later Superintendent of Mesa Verde National Park), came to the Mesa Verde area with ethnologist Jesse Walter Fewkes to conduct an archaeological survey and to photograph ruins.He obtained his bachelor's degree at Harvard in 1908 and a doctorate in anthropology in 1914. Archaeological career
<mask> then embarked on a series of expeditions to the Southwest, many in northeastern Arizona. These expeditions were sponsored by Harvard's Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology and the associated Robert S. Peabody Museum of Archaeology at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. From 1915 to 1929, <mask> conducted site excavations at an abandoned pueblo near Pecos, New Mexico, now the Pecos National Historical Park. He excavated levels of human occupation at the pueblo going back more than 2000 years, and gathered a detailed record of cultural artifacts, including a large collection of pottery fragments and human remains. From these items, he was able to establish a continuous record of pottery styles from 2000 years ago to the mid-to-late 19th century. Kidder then analyzed trends and changes in pottery styles in association with changes in the Pecos people's culture and established a basic chronology for the Southwest.With Samuel J. Guernsey, he established the validity of a chronological approach to cultural periods. Kidder asserted that deductions about the development of human culture could be obtained through a systematic examination of stratigraphy and chronology in archaeological sites. This research laid the foundation for modern archaeological field methods, shifting the emphasis from a "gentlemanly adventure" adding items such as whole pots and cliff dwellings to museum coffers to the study of potsherds and other artifacts in relation to the cultural history. Pioneering archaeologists in other regions of the United States completed the transformation of professional methodology initiated by Kidder. His Introduction to the Study of Southwestern Archaeology, published in 1924, was the first synthesis of North American prehistory based on professionally recovered empirical data. In spite of his efforts at documentation, Kidder's conclusions have sometimes been criticized for a lack of integration between his field reports and his later synthesis and interpretation of that data. However, Kidder clearly emphasized archaeology's need for a scientific "eye" in the development of fact collecting techniques and clear definitions.In the late 1920s, <mask> started the Pecos Conferences for archaeologists and ethnologists working in the American southwest. In 1927, a temporal system of nomenclature, known as the Pecos Classification System, was established for use in southwestern sites. Archaeologists have since used the sequence, with later variations, to assign approximate dates to dozens of sites throughout the Southwest and to determine cultural ties and differences among them. The same year he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1936, <mask> formally used the Navajo term "Anasazi" to define a specific cultural group of people living in the southwest between approximately 200 BC and 1300 AD. This term had been casually used by excavators for many of the "ancient people" since the early explorations of Richard Wetherill, and had been informally used in the work of the Pecos Conferences. As an associate in charge of archaeological investigations (1927–1929) and as chairman of the division of historical research (1929–1950) at the Carnegie Institution, <mask> conducted a broad-scale multidisciplinary research program in Kaminaljuyu in the Guatemalan highlands which established the framework of Maya stratigraphy.In 1939 he became honorary curator of Southwestern American archaeology at the Peabody Museum, Harvard. In 1951, <mask>, in discussions with Thomas Stuart Ferguson and Gordon Willey of Harvard University, was instrumental in establishing a foundation dealing with the status of archaeology in Mexico and Central America. In regard to those discussions, Ferguson wrote that the three scholars agreed “...it was unfortunate that so little work was being carried on in so important an area and that something should be done to increase explorations and excavations....Despite the amazing discoveries made between 1930 and 1950, work on the Pre-Classic was virtually at a standstill in 1951. The result of the discussion was that we agreed to set up a new organization to be devoted to the Pre-Classic civilizations of Mexico and Central America—the earliest known high cultures of the New World.”  The following year, the New World Archaeological Foundation (NWAF) was incorporated in California, as a nonprofit, scientific, fact-finding body. Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation
During <mask>'s studies and excavations at Pecos Pueblo, particularly between 1915 and 1929, pottery and other artifacts were sent to the Robert S. Peabody Museum, Andover, Massachusetts, while excavated human remains were sent to the Peabody Museum at Harvard. In the early 20th century, no archaeologist consulted with Native American descendants concerning the excavation of their ancestors' homes and graves. Although <mask> was aware of the long-standing relationship between the abandoned Pecos Pueblo and the modern Pueblo of Jemez, he did not consider that any local population had a claim on artifacts and remains.By a 1936 Act of Congress, the Pueblo of Jemez became the legal and administrative representative of the Pueblo of Pecos, which had been privately owned during <mask>'s excavation. As a consequence of The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), which requires federal and other museum facilities to inventory, establish cultural affiliations, and publish in the Federal Register any and all Native American human remains and certain objects in their possession, the Pueblo of Jemez made a formal claim on behalf of the Pecos people. This repatriation was primarily due to the efforts of William J. Whatley, the Jemez Pueblo tribal archaeologist, who searched through museum records for these remains and artifacts for eight years. The human remains from <mask>'s excavations were returned to the Jemez people in 1999 and ritually reburied at Pecos National Historic Park. In a sense, they rejoined <mask>, as he is buried on a hillside not far away, close to Pecos Pueblo. Family life
Although her name rarely occurred on publications, <mask>'s wife Madeleine worked as an archaeologist alongside her husband. <mask>'s grandson, T.R.<mask> is a noted archaeologist of the southeastern United States. Publications
 – regarded as the first comprehensive archaeological study of a New World area

*

Notes

References

External links
 Biography - Minnesota State University, Mankato
National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

1885 births
1963 deaths
Harvard College alumni
University of Utah staff
American ethnologists
Mayanists
Mesoamerican archaeologists
American Mesoamericanists
20th-century Mesoamericanists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
20th-century American archaeologists
20th-century American Episcopalians

masks:
Alfred Vincent Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
Kidder
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Kidder
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<mask> (born 1979) is a Dutch artist and founder of Studio Roosegaarde, which develops projects that merge technology and art in urban environments. Some of the studio's works have been described as "immersive" and "Interactive" because they change the visitors' surroundings in reaction to the behavior of those visitors. Other works are intended to increase environmental awareness and add a pleasing aesthetic dimension to technical solutions to environmental problems. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1979 in Nieuwkoop in The Netherlands. He studied at the Institute for the Arts in Arnhem (1997–1999), the Academy of Fine Arts in Enschede (2001–2003), and the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam (2003–2005). Overview

Roosegaarde's projects often employ light design and sensing technology in an interactive manner, as illustrated in an early work, 4D-PIXEL, a "smart wall" that physically reacts to voice and music and shows 3D letters, created with his team at AKI Enschede and Saxion Enschede with KITT Engineering. In 2007, he founded Studio Roosegaarde, in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.The Studio is a social design lab, also called “The Dream Factory”. Later he opened a "pop-up" studio in Shanghai, China. There is permanent ancillary studio in Dubai. The work of Studio Roosegaarde ranges from design installations that address sustainable energy solutions for the future to sensor-driven, touch-responsive interactive installations and community art projects. The studio’s work explores the Dutch concept of Schoonheid, meaning "beauty", but also invoking "cleanliness" in reference to air, water and energy sources. Environmental art

From 2015 to 2017, Roosegaarde's studio created two environmental art projects, the "Smog Free Project" used art to clean the environment and the "Icon Afsluitdijk Project" created immersive art on an existing dyke. Smog Free Project (2015): In response to record 2013 air pollution in Beijing, Roosegaarde proposed the "Smog Free Project" with the following elements:

 Smog Free Tower: An aesthetically designed 7-metre (23 ft) smog tower to filter pollution—processing 30,000 cubic metres per hour (39,000 cuyd/h) of air, using 1,400 Watts of power—and collects the impurities to be converted into jewellery.Smog Free Bicycle: Mounts filters on bicycles to collect air impurities as each bike travels. The design of the prototype was inspired by the manta ray, which filters water for food. Smog Free Rings: Designed as rewards to kickstarter supporters. Icoon Afsluitdijk (2017): A design programme commissioned by the Dutch Government comprising three installations on the 32-kilometre Afsluitdijk dyke, built in 1932. Gates of Light: An installation sited on the dyke's floodgates, employs prisms that reflect light from vehicle headlights. Windvogel: Incorporates kites that generate wind power by moving their cable tethers, each of which is luminous and glows in the dark. Glowing Nature: Features live bioluminescent algae; single-celled organisms that emit light when under foot.DreamScape series

Four "DreamScapes" that combine art and landscape are Urban Sun, GROW, Seeing Stars and SPARK. Urban Sun (2019-2021): Urban Sun employs far-ultraviolet light to remove a claimed 99.9% of airborne COVID and other viruses, employing research by Columbia University and Hiroshima University, while meeting international safety standards. GROW (2021): Grow is an installation of fibre-optic LED grow lights  a field of leeks, which emit aesthetically pleasing blue, red, and ultraviolet (UV) light, with the claim that it enhances plant growth, while reducing the use of pesticides by up to 50% and using solar-power. Seeing Stars (2021): In partnership with Unesco Netherlands and the city of Franeker, this project was a coordinated one-night blackout of the city, intended to enhance a sense of shared community connection with the sky. SPARK (2022): First demonstrated in Bilbao, SPARK uses biodegradable bubbles and lights as a sustainable alternative to fireworks in a 50 x 30 x 50 metre cloud. Other works

Other works by the studio include:

Liquid Space (2006): An installation that reacts to the presence of visitors using sensors, software and mechanisms to change the appearance of the space through lighting effects. FLOW (2007): A 10-metre-wide corridor of ventilator fans controlled by sensors, which reacted to the sound and motion of visitors passing through them, while on display in Ljubljana, Slovenia.DUNE (2007): A 60-metre installation along the Maas River in Rotterdam that uses fiberoptic lighting that changes color and intensity, according to the sounds of passersby, while using less than 60 watts of power. Space Waste Lab (2008): A continuing conceptual project to enhance awareness of space debris from spent satellites and missiles, using beams of light and to create artificial meteors from the capture waste. Intimacy (2010): A project to design garments that reacted to changes in heat produced by people present or by the environment. The heat changed the opacity of the garment "e-foil" material, based on sensor input. The e-foil material was produced in black and white versions. LOTUS (2010-2021): A series of artworks, employing a back-lit surface that opens and closes like a lotus in response to visitors' interactions with the surface. Shapes include: LOTUS DOME displayed in Sainte Marie Madeleine Church in Lille, France, LOTUS OCULUS was exhibited during the 2021 Salone del Mobile in Milan, and LOTUS Maffei, permanently displayed in the Palazzo Maffei Museum in Verona, Italy.Smart Highway (2014): A lighting project, in collaboration with the Heijmans infrastructure group to use light, which uses stored solar energy to illuminate highway delineations with glowing lines. Van Gogh Path (2012-2015): A 600-metre (2,000 ft) bicycle path between Nuenen and Eindhoven,  which uses thousands lights that charge during the day and twinkle at night—inspired by Vincent van Gogh's painting, The Starry Night. Beyond (2016): A lenticular print of cloud images 121-metre (397 ft) long and back-lit by LED lamps at Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport, which gives the illusion of depth into the image. Rainbow Station (2016): A lighting project, in collaboration with Leiden University, which illuminates the 125-year-old Amsterdam Central Station. WATERLICHT (2016-2021): A light display that uses LEDs and lenses to create a wave-like moving layer of blue light above the heads of spectators to created to evoke thoughts about rising sea levels and the need to adapt to the changing environment. The display was shown in Amsterdam in 2016 for the Dutch District Water Board, and later in London, Toronto, Paris, Rotterdam, Dubai, and New York City. PRESENCE (2017): A 800-metre2 "immersive" installation in the Groninger Museum that uses hidden lights to illuminate a series of spaces, starting with a grid-like view of Holland from above, a Mondrian grid, where the room seems to scan the visitor with light, passing next into a second empty space, where sudden lights imprint the visitor on the wall, followed by a space occupied by luminescent balls on the floor and ending in a space with images of an intern, who helped create the fluorescent effect, on the floor, invoking both primitive and futuristic sensations.SYNC (2019): An "immersive" art installation wherein visitors create blue light rings rings around where they are walking on a flexible-membrane floor. Levenslicht (2020): An installation of 104,000 luminescent memorial stones representing each of the Dutch victims of the Holocaust. It was commissioned by the National Committee 4 and 5 May and exhibited in Rotterdam on the banks of the Maas River, where the victims of Rotterdam were assembled to be deported. Subsequently, the work was divided among 170 municipalities with a Holocaust history. TOUCH (2021): An installation developed for the museum Draiflessen Museum collection in Mettingen, Germany, that senses when two visitors join hands and generates thousands of starry lights. Permanent public artworks
The following public artworks are located in the Netherlands;
 22 Beds, Enschede (2002)
 Spiral, Velp (2003)
 Lunar, Breda (2011)
 Marbles, Almere (2012)
 Van Gogh Path, Eindhoven/Nuenen (2012)
 Beyond, Schiphol Airport (2016)
 Space, Eindhoven Central Station (2017)

Exhibitions
Studio Roosegaarde has exhibited at the Rijksmuseum, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, Tate Modern, Tokyo National Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum,the Musee des Arts Decoratifs in Paris, Google Zeitgeist, and the Design Museum in London. Awards & recognition
Roosegaarde has received notable awards for his work including the Shenzhen Global Design Award, Ethics Ethical Award, LIT Lighting Design Award 2019, World OMOSIROI Award Japan, Beijing Media Architecture Award, Design Project of the Year Dezeen Award, London Design Innovation medal in 2016, the INDEX Design Award, DFA Gold and Grand Award Hong Kong, LIT 2017 Lighting Designer of the Year Award, Platinum A’Design Award 2017, D&AD Awards 2017, Core77 Design Awards 2017, Dutch Artist of the Year 2016, the World Technology Award, 2020 Winner [d]arc awards 2020 Art – High: Grow, Netherlands by Studio Roosegaarde, 2021 Winner Global Future Design Awards, 2021 Finalist World Changing Ideas Awards 2021, Urban Design finalists, and the 2021 Winner Media Architecture Awards, Spatial Media Art.Bibliography
 Adele Chong, Timo de Rijk, <mask> Roosegaarde: Interactive Landscapes, nai010, Rotterdam, 2011. Carol Becker, Nico Daswani, Fumio Nanjo, <mask> Roosegaarde, Phaidon, London, 2019. References

External links

 Studio Roosegaarde official website
 Article in Impact Mania on Roosegaarde
 Artsy article on Roosegaarde
 New York Times article on Roosegaarde

1979 births
Living people
People from Nieuwkoop
Articles containing video clips
Dutch contemporary artists

masks:
Daan Roosegde
Daan Roosegde
Daan
Daan


texts:
Sir <mask> (died 1226) (also spelled <mask> or <mask>) was an Anglo-Norman soldier who earned high office by loyally serving first King John and later King Henry III in the First Barons' War. He played a key role in the Battle of Lincoln Fair in 1217. He attempted to rival <mask>, and as a result fell from power in 1224. His "heraldic device" is now popularly said to have been a griffin, although his coat of arms as depicted by Matthew Paris (died 1259) in his Chronica Majora (folio 64/68 verso) was Gules, a cinquefoil argent. When he married the widow <mask>, she was an heiress and the last of her father's <mask> line, and the Earl of Devon's line became extinct. The title was inherited by <mask>us, owner of the Isle of Wight, whose extensive fortune became the property of <mask>, the next Earl of Devon and Baron of Okehampton. Fawkes' new wife's home in London was then called "Fawkes Hall" (Falkes' Hall), which over the years changed into "Foxhall" and finally into "Vauxhall".The Vauxhall car company derived its name from that part of London and still uses <mask>auté's griffin as its badge. The house stood on approximately 31 acres in the royal manor of Kennington; it was the centre of tension between the Archbishop at Lambeth Palace and the monks of Canterbury, who tried to influence the election of English bishops. Early life
De Bréauté was of obscure Norman parentage, and has been described as the illegitimate child of a Norman knight and a concubine, possibly a knightly family from the village of Bréauté. Most chroniclers, however, describe him as from common stock, and he was often referred to only by his first name, which was said to be derived from the scythe he had once used to murder someone, as a sign of contempt. Service under John
The first accurate records of his royal service are from 1206, when he was sent to Poitou by King John on royal service. Upon his return in February 1207 he was entrusted with the wardenship of Glamorgan and Wenlock, and around that time also knighted. He was then made constable of Carmarthen, Cardigan and the Gower Peninsula, and gained a fearsome reputation in the Welsh Marches.He was sent to destroy Strata Florida Abbey in 1212 for its opposition to the king, though the abbey was spared after the abbot paid a heavy fine of 700 Marks. He served regularly in royal service, including in trips to Flanders and Poitou, and was in high favour with the king. It is often said that he was a foreign mercenary condemned by Magna Carta; this is incorrect, and he was actually one of the royalists who swore to abide by the charter's terms. Bréauté rose to power during the First Barons' War as an unquestioning subject of King John, earning the hate of baronial and monastic leaders alike. He earned the title of John's steward in 1215, a title he kept until the following year. On 28 November 1215, <mask>auté captured Hanslope, Buckinghamshire, a castle of William Mauduit, and he soon after captured Bedford Castle belonging to <mask> Beauchamp, and in reward was allowed to keep it. In 1216 John divided his army between William Longespée, 3rd Earl of Salisbury and four "alien" captains, one of whom was <mask>réauté.When Prince Louis of France invaded in the same year <mask>é was tasked with holding Oxford against the baronial forces. On 17 July he and the Earl of Chester sacked Worcester, which had allied itself with Louis. In reward John gave <mask>auté the hand of Margaret the daughter of Warin Fitzgerald, the royal chamberlain. She was the widow of <mask> Revières (Redvers), former heir to the Earl of Devon, who had died in 1216, and after the death of the 5th Earl in 1217 her son became the 6th Earl. So this marriage made <mask>auté "the equal of an earl" as he was regent for the Earldom until his stepson the 6th Earl reached his majority. As Margaret's dowry he gained control of the Isle of Wight, and as part of her inheritance took Stogursey, also becoming chamberlain to the Exchequer. When John died on 19 October <mask>auté served as the executor of his will, and was one of the royalists who reissued Magna Carta on 12 November 1216.Service under Henry III

Under Henry III <mask> continued to fight with the same loyalty he had shown John. The Charter of liberties was a re-issue of Magna Carta and alongside it a Charter of Forests. The two were known as Magna Carta when published in November 1217. That Christmas the regents and Henry stayed at Fawkes castle in Northampton. He was holding seven High Sheriffdoms including Cambridgeshire, Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Northamptonshire and Bedfordshire he presented a major obstacle to Louis and the barons, although he lost Hertford and Cambridge in 1217. On 22 January of that year <mask> and his men had committed their worst atrocity, attacking St Albans because it had come to terms with Prince Louis, although it had done so under duress. After attacking the townspeople his men turned on the abbey, killing the abbot's cook and only leaving after blackmailing the abbot for 200 marks.His men also attacked Wardon Abbey, and although he eventually compensated St Albans it was felt he only did so to please his wife. At the end of February he led a royalist force in an unsuccessful attempt to relieve the port of Rye. After this he captured the Isle of Ely, before playing a critical role in the campaign leading up to the Battle of Lincoln Fair. He joined the Earl of Chester to besiege Mountsorrel, and in response the rebels were forced to divide their forces, with Prince Louis and half his forces remaining at the siege of Dover while the rest marched north to relieve Mountsorrel. After achieving this the rebels marched to Lincoln to assist a rebel force besieging Lincoln Castle; while the town had fallen to the rebels, the castle garrison had remained loyal to King Henry. By the time they got there the royalist force had already arrived under the command of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke, and he forced a battle in the streets of the town itself. Before the battle began <mask>auté had led his force into the castle itself, and his crossbowmen shot down at the rebel force from the walls.Sallying out himself, with such force that he was captured before being rescued by his men, he fought on until the rebels fled, with even the Angevin leaders acknowledging his role in a critical victory against superior forces. In reward for his role in the victory the royal court celebrated Christmas at his expense at Northampton, but this proved the climax of his career. After the battle he was one of the many fighters who was alienated by <mask> Burgh, Justiciar of England, over them keeping the castles they had captured for their own profit. Due to his role in the campaign and the victory at Lincoln itself he was unassailable for many years; he deflected judgements made against him in 1218 and 1219 and kept hold of his High Sheriffdoms, including that of Rutland. Between 1218 and 1219 he also served as a Justice of the Peace for Essex, Hertfordshire and East Anglia, and when <mask> Redvers, 5th Earl of Devon died he was given the castle of Plympton. He had made many enemies due to his actions during the war; numbered among them were William Marshal, who pawned four manors to him during the war and had difficulty getting them back, and the Earl of Salisbury, who grew to dislike him after <mask>auté supported <mask> la Haie for constable of Lincoln Castle against Salisbury's personal preference. Due to his status as a commoner his position was more tenuous than that of his enemies, as he had no lands to base himself on, and relied increasingly on the favour of noblemen such as the Earl of Chester and <mask> Roches, Bishop of Winchester, who supported him due to their disenchantment with the rule of <mask> Burgh.In 1222 he cooperated with <mask> to suppress a revolt by the citizens of London, capturing three of the ringleaders and executing them without trial. Rebellion

De Burgh's growing ascendancy drew <mask>é and his allies even closer together, but tensions boiled over in November 1223, when <mask> and the king were forced to flee to Northampton while <mask>, the Count of Aumale and the earls of Chester and Gloucester attempted to seize the Tower of London. A new civil war was averted by the intervention of Simon Langton, Archbishop of York, but after a parley in London on 4 December failed tensions rose again. Threatened with excommunication the "schismatics" returned to the king's court, agreeing on 30 December to give their castles and shrievalties to the king. De Bréauté immediately lost Hertford Castle and the shrievalties of Oxfordshire and Northamptonshire, and lost the rest of his shrievalties by 18 January 1224. The failure of <mask> and his allies gave the advantage to <mask>, who in February 1224 ordered <mask>auté to give up Plympton and Bedford castles, rejecting his claim that Plympton Castle was part of his wife's inheritance. De Bréauté refused to give the castles up, and in response the royal court sent justices to his land with a fake charge of Breach of the Peace.They found him guilty of 16 counts of Wrongful Disseisin, and on 16 June <mask> Bréauté, Falkes' brother, seized Henry of Braybrooke, one of the justices of Dunstable, who ruled against <mask>autés in 16 suits under the new royal writs. Braybrooke had made himself a personal enemy of both <mask>réautés. This was foolish in the extreme, as the King and his court were barely 20 miles away discussing the defence of Poitou. On 20 June the king and his forces besieged Bedford Castle, with Simon Langton excommunicating both the brothers and the garrison as a whole. The siege lasted eight weeks, with over 200 killed by missiles sent by castle defenders. After a fourth assault broke the walls William and 80 knights were captured, refused pardon and hanged. Exile
Having lost Bedford and his brother, <mask> submitted to Henry III on 19 August, pleading for forgiveness in exchange for the loss of all his possessions.At this his wife left him and pleaded for divorce, claiming she had been forced into the marriage eight years before; she was unsuccessful, but did manage to recover some of her lands. On 25 August <mask> officially gave up his lands, and chose exile to France rather than judgement from the barons. Arriving in Normandy he was imprisoned by Louis VIII in Compiègne as revenge for his defeat of the French forces during the war, but was released in 1225 either through the intervention of the pope or through his Crusader's Badge, assumed in 1221. After release he spent several months in Rome, and published a fourteen-page defence of his actions, the querimonia, which laid the blame at the feet of Langton and <mask>h, and begged the pope to support him as a man excommunicated without cause and as a crusader. Departing for England, <mask>é was captured in Burgundy by an English knight he had once imprisoned, but papal intervention yet again saw his release. After this he lived in Troyes, but was expelled from France in 1226 for refusing to pay homage to the king, and again stayed in Rome, dying slightly before 18 July, allegedly from a poisoned fish. Vauxhall
The part of London beside the Thames near the present Vauxhall Bridge known as Vauxhall seems originally to have been part of the extensive Manor of South Lambeth, which was held in the 13th century by the <mask> family.The name Vauxhall (Fauxhall) is derived from <mask> <mask>, the second husband of Margaret, widow of <mask> Redvers. In 1857 the Vauxhall Ironworks were founded in the Vauxhall area of south London as a steam pump and marine engine manufacturer. The company built the first Vauxhall car in 1903. In 1905, seeking to build a dedicated factory for car manufacture on cheaper land with room for expansion, the firm relocated to a new site in Luton, Bedfordshire. By pure coincidence <mask> also held the manor of Luton between 1216 and 1226, with the Vauxhall company relocating from his London seat to his country seat. The griffin of the <mask>é coat of arms was in use in both Vauxhall and Luton between the 13th and 20th centuries. The firm was renamed Vauxhall Motors in 1907 and still uses the griffin as its badge.References

 M.G.I. Ray, 'Alien knights in a hostile land: the experience of curial knights in thirteenth-century England and the assimilation of their families', Historical Research Vol. 79 no 206 (November 2006), pp. 451–76. (at pp. 455, 459, 463, 466–67, 469–71, 474.) External links

 Fawkes de Breaute
 Fawkes de Breaute and Bedford Castle
 Old Warden Abbey

12th-century births
1226 deaths
12th-century English people
13th-century English people
Anglo-Normans
Norman warriors
Anglo-Normans in Wales
High Sheriffs of Buckinghamshire
High Sheriffs of Bedfordshire
High Sheriffs of Northamptonshire
High Sheriffs of Rutland
High Sheriffs of Hertfordshire
High Sheriffs of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire
High Sheriffs of Oxfordshire
Medieval English knights
People of the Barons' Wars

masks:
Falkes de Bréé
Fawkes de Bréé
Fulk de Brent
Hubert de Burgh
Margaret de Redvers
Baldwin de Redvers
Isabella de Fortib
Hugh de Courtenay
de Bré
de Bré
William de
de B
de Bréaut
de Bré
Baldwin de
de Bré
de Bré
de Bréauté
de Bréauté
de Bré
Hubert de
William de
de Bré
Nicola de
Peter des
Hubert de
de Burgh
de Bréaut
de Burgh
de Bréauté
de Bréauté
de Burgh
de Bré
William de
de Bré
de B
Falkes
Falkes
deurg
de Bréaut
de Redvers
Falkes
de Bréauté
Baldwin de
de Bréauté
de Bréaut


texts:
<mask> (Hebrew: אורית ישי; born 1961) is an Israeli artist working in photography, video and installation. She is also a lecturer in photography. <mask>'s art examines the interrelation between man and place and possible systems of representation, while addressing questions pertaining to social and mental issues through temporal and spatial motifs. Her work is usually accompanied by theoretical research. Biography
<mask> was born in 1961 in Tel Aviv-Yafo. During 1983-1986 she studied art at Ha'Midrasha School of Art, Beit Berl College. After her graduation, she studied and worked in the field of interior design.In 2000-2003 she was a freelance photographer for prominent Israeli magazines (including Royim Olam, Nisha and Masa Acher-Voyage). In 2003 <mask> resumed her art studies and attended the Photography Department of Musrara School of Photography, Media and New Music in Jerusalem, from which she graduated with honors in 2006. She then continued to specialize in the B.Ed. in Art program at The David Yellin Academic College, Jerusalem, which she completed with honors in 2007. During her second year of photography studies in Jerusalem, <mask> was invited to participate in museal exhibitions in Cracow, Poland and in St. Petersburg, Russia. She has since exhibited in Israel and around the world. After her graduation from the Musrara School she won the America-Israel Cultural Foundation Award (2007-8, 2006-7).Although <mask> did not meet the award's age criteria, the committee justified its decision by referring to the quality and originality of the works. In 2010-2012 <mask> studied in the postgraduate Fine Art Program at Ha'Midrasha School of Art, Beit Berl College, which she completed with honors. While attending the program she conducted a project in collaboration with essayist Oded Wolkstein, which culminated in the book "The House". The book, published by Ha'Kibbutz HaMeuchad – Sifriat Poalim in 2014, features original artworks by sixteen contemporary artists who responded to the poem "The House" by the poet Avoth Yeshurun. During her studies in the program <mask> was awarded creative scholarships for projects at the Cabri Print Workshop (2011) and the Jerusalem Print Workshop (2012). Towards the end of 2014 <mask> will engage in a project at the MuseumsQuartier Wien, in the framework of an invitation to an extended residency program at quartier21 supported by Eikon, an international photography and media art magazine, following her 2010 exhibition at the FotoGalerie Wien in Vienna. Over the years <mask> has presented several solo exhibitions as well as had her works featured in group exhibitions at prominent art venues in Israel and abroad; among them are The Israel Museum Jerusalem, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Museum of Contemporary Art in Bucharest, Romania and The Derby Museum of Art in the UK.In addition to her activity in the confines of the traditional white cube, Ishay also operates in the public space. In 2009, in protest against the selection of the participating artists, she performed a guerrilla action in which she placed a 3 meter high Styrofoam sculpture in the shape of the Oscars statue in the plaza of the Tel Aviv Art Biennial. In 2012 she led a tour that was open to the general public in 'Haifa Walks #2' project, held in the framework of the show Haifa-Jerusalem-Tel Aviv at the Haifa Museum of Art. Ishay works are present in a number of public, private and institutional collections such as The Israel Museum Jerusalem; Ashdod Museum of Art; CCA Tel Aviv Video Archive; Bank Ha'poalim; America-Israel Cultural Foundation and in further collections both in Israel and abroad. Awards
 2014 MuseumsQuartier Wien, quartier21 Artist-in-Residence Studio Program, Vienna
 2012 Jerusalem Print Workshop, a scholarship for a yearly new project & exhibition
 2011 The Gottesman Etching Center, Kibbutz Cabri
 2009 The Yehoshua Rabinovich Foundation for the Arts Tel Aviv
 2007 America-Israel Cultural Foundation, Keren Sharett
 2006 America-Israel Cultural Foundation, Keren Sharett

Solo exhibitions
 2014 Terribly Pretty, Awfully Beautiful. Published by ‘Ha'kibbutz Hameuchad - Sifriat Poalim ’, Tel Aviv
 2011-12 Lecturer and curator in a two-year photography project, joint to students from Corcoran College of Art and Design, Washington D.C. USA and Musrara School of art, Jerusalem, Israel
 2011-12 Lecturer in “Place of Art Study - The Program for Active Artists”, Museum for Israeli Art, Ramat Gan, Israel
 2009-10 Guest Lecturer, Sapir Academic College, The School for Art, Society and Culture
 2009-10 Guest Lecturer, Tel Aviv University, Faculty of the Arts - The Yolanda & David Katz
 2007-10 Lecturer in special needs education project, The Naggar School of Photography in Musrara, Jerusalem

References

External links
/ Official Website
Artist Page at America-Israel Foundation
Works in BAAD Reservoir at Bezalel Academy of Arts and Design, Jerusalem
Artist Page at The Gottesman Etching Center, Kibbutz Cabri's Website

Israeli women artists
Israeli photographers
Israeli video artists
1961 births
Living people
Israeli contemporary artists

masks:
Orit Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay
Ishay


texts:
<mask> (born March 15, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Logan Thunder of the NBL1 North. He played three seasons of college basketball for Bellarmine University, becoming the only player in school history to be named to the NABC All-America Team two years in a row. He was also a key member of the Bellarmine Knights' 2011 championship-winning team, helping the school claim their first NCAA Division II National Championship. <mask> moved to Australia in 2015 and saw immediate success, claiming the QBL Most Valuable Player award as a member of the Toowoomba Mountaineers. The following year, he joined the Bendigo Braves and helped them win the SEABL championship. He was also named league MVP and grand final MVP. He went on to have multiple stints in the NBL with the Brisbane Bullets and Sydney Kings.In 2020, he coached the South West Metro Pirates in the Queensland State League (QSL). In February and March 2021, he had short stints with the Adelaide 36ers and New Zealand Breakers. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in Jeffersonville, Indiana, and grew up playing basketball. As a sophomore at Jeffersonville High School, <mask> was nearly cut from the basketball team due to his small stature; he was five-foot seven inches tall and 140 pounds. He was told he wasn't good enough to make the varsity basketball team. The head coach on the senior varsity team wanted to cut him, but the junior varsity coach knew his father and they had a mutual respect. He kept Kendle on the team, but he rode the bench for the whole season.The next year, he hit a six-inch growth spurt and worked really hard physically. He subsequently started on the varsity team as a junior. As a senior in 2005–06 playing for coach Jimmy Just, <mask> averaged 15.1 points and 4.4 rebounds per game. He helped lead the Red Devils to a 23–2 record and the Hoosier Hills Conference Championship, and subsequently earned first team All-District, All-Region and All-Area selection. During his high school years, <mask>'s mother battled ovarian cancer. <mask> has said of those tough times, "It all happened for a reason. It made my character stronger.Having that perseverance in you is a key to life in my opinion." College career

Injury troubles and second chance
As a freshman in 2006–07, <mask> attended Olney Central Community College but managed just two games for the Blue Knights after sustaining a severe foot injury that required surgery. He returned home to Jeffersonville for the 2007–08 season and fully recovered. After his left foot healed, he re-joined the Blue Knights for the 2008–09 season, but on the first day of practice, he broke his right foot. After three months out, he came back and broke his right foot again in two different places. Undeterred, <mask> subsequently changed his diet and went through a vigorous therapy program. His comeback in 2009 saw him earn a try-out with Bellarmine University, despite his commitment to being a walk-on at the University of Southern Indiana, a rival school of Bellarmine.He played well in the trial at Bellarmine, and a few days later, he was given a full scholarship. Bellarmine was only a 20-minute drive from his family home which allowed him to spend time with his ill mother and gave his family the chance to watch him play regularly. Bellarmine University

2009–10 season
<mask> began playing for the Bellarmine Knights during the 2009–10 season. Stringing together his first full college season, <mask> led the Knights in scoring with 17.7 points per game and subsequently earned second-team All-GLVC honors. During the 2010 GLVC Tournament, he helped his team win the event while earning Tournament MVP and All-Tournament Team honors. 2010–11 season
In his second season playing for the Knights, <mask> garnered numerous awards. The National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) named <mask> to their 2011 State Farm Division II All-America Team, and Daktronics (voted on by college sports information directors) named <mask> to their Third Team All-American squad.He also earned NABC Division II All-Midwest Region first team, All-GLVC first team and GLVC Player of the Year honors after averaging 17.3 points and 3.3 rebounds during the regular season. <mask> helped lead Bellarmine to a 30–2 record and a trip to the NCAA Division II Elite 8 for the first time in school history. He went on to lead them even further as the Knights won their first NCAA Division II National Championship in 2010–11. <mask> subsequently earned NCAA Division II All-Tournament Team honors. 2011–12 season
In August 2011, the NCAA granted <mask> two more seasons of college eligibility after deeming his first two seasons at Olney Central did not count due to his injuries. As a junior in 2011–12, <mask> once again led the Knights back to the NCAA Division II Final Four and earned All-GLVC first team and NABC Division II All-America Team honors for a second straight year. In 33 games for the Knights in 2011–12, he averaged 19.2 points, 3.9 rebounds, 3.2 assists and 1.1 steals per game.On September 28, 2012, it was announced that <mask> had signed with an agent to pursue professional basketball opportunities and would not return to Bellarmine for the 2012–13 season. <mask> left Bellarmine as the only player in school history to be named to the NABC All-America Team two years in a row, and was on track to become the all-time leading scorer. <mask> ended his career fourth on Bellarmine's all-time scoring list with 1,792 points. He went on to help Wydad win the 2012–13 Morocco League championship. For the 2013–14 season, <mask> moved to Switzerland to play for SAM Basket Massagno. He only managed two games before returning home due to injury. He later returned to Morocco to play for Amal Essaouira, where he helped the team reach the final of both the Throne Cup and the Morocco League, losing both times to AS Salé.Toowoomba Mountaineers (2015)
On March 27, 2015, <mask> signed with the Toowoomba Mountaineers for the 2015 Queensland Basketball League season. He debuted in the second game of the season on May 9 and had 31 points, 10 rebounds and 11 assists in a 110–83 win over the Ipswich Force. On June 7, he scored 40 points in a 101–83 win over the Cairns Marlins. In round 10, he had 31 points against the Gold Coast Rollers and 44 points against the Logan Thunder. He was subsequently named Player of the Week. On July 18, he recorded his second triple-double with 29 points, 14 rebounds, 19 assists and seven steals in a 112–79 win over the Bundaberg Bulls. He helped the Mountaineers finish the regular season in fifth place with an 11–6 record.In the quarter-finals, he scored a season-high 46 points in a 108–96 overtime win over the Northside Wizards. In the semi-finals, he had 24 points and 12 rebounds in a 104–92 loss to the Mackay Meteors. He subsequently earned league MVP honors and was named to the All-League Team. In 18 games, he averaged 30.2 points, 7.3 rebounds, 6.5 assists and 1.9 steals per game. As a result of his season in Toowoomba, <mask> was touted as a possible injury replacement for the Cairns Taipans of the National Basketball League in December 2015. Bendigo Braves (2016)
On December 22, 2015, <mask> signed with the Bendigo Braves for the 2016 SEABL season. He made his debut for the Braves in the team's season opener on April 1, 2016, scoring a team-high 24 points in a 93–68 win over the Ballarat Miners.On May 22, he scored 34 points in a 91–87 loss to the Dandenong Rangers. His form over the first half of the season saw him be considered as an MVP candidate. Between June 18 and July 24, <mask> scored 30 points or more in six out of seven games, including a season-high 43 points on July 16 against the NW Tasmania Thunder. During that stretch, he earned Player of the Week honors three times. Entering round 17 on a 10-game winning streak, <mask> scored 38 points on July 30 against the Sandringham Sabres to extend the streak to 11 games with a 96–74 win. In the Braves' regular-season finale on August 13, <mask> scored a game-high 34 points in a 108–105 overtime win over the Albury Wodonga Bandits, extending their winning streak to 13 games. The Braves finished first on the standings with a 21–3 record, while <mask> earned the league's scoring title with an average of 27.7 points per game.In the semi-finals, he scored a game-high 33 points in an 83–60 win over the Brisbane Spartans. In the East Conference final, he scored 17 points in a 76–64 win over the Nunawading Spectres. In the SEABL final, <mask> scored a game-high 34 points in a 79–61 win over the Mount Gambier Pioneers. He was subsequently named MVP of the match. For the season, <mask> was named the SEABL's Most Valuable Player and earned All-SEABL Team honors. He appeared in all 27 games for the Braves in 2016, averaging 27.7 points, 6.6 rebounds, 3.7 assists and 1.6 steals per game. Brisbane Bullets (2017)
In late December 2016, <mask> joined the NBL's Brisbane Bullets at practice as an option to provide additional guard coverage within the roster.He was set to join the playing squad prior to the Bullets' New Year's Eve clash with the Cairns Taipans before being ruled out with a low grade calf strain. Despite not having fully recovered from the injury, <mask> officially signed with the Bullets for the rest of the 2016–17 season on January 11, 2017. He made his debut for the Bullets four days later, recording five points, one rebound and one steal in just under 12 minutes off the bench in an 84–82 loss to the New Zealand Breakers. In his second game for the Bullets on January 19, <mask> recorded five

masks:
Jeremy Paul Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle
Kendle


texts:
 points, five rebounds and three assists in 19 minutes off the bench in a 101–68 loss to the Adelaide 36ers. Two days later, following the release of Jermaine Beal, <mask> made his first start in the NBL and subsequently scored 12 points on 5-of-9 shooting to go with six rebounds, four assists and one steal in just under 29 minutes in an 88–71 win over Melbourne United. He continued on as a starter in the following game on January 27 and scored a season-high 16 points in an 80–77 loss to the Sydney Kings. Two days later, he scored a team-high 24 points on 10-of-14 shooting in a 97–83 loss to the Cairns Taipans.In the Bullets' season finale on February 11, <mask> scored 11 points in a 106–79 loss to the Illawarra Hawks. In seven games for Brisbane, <mask> averaged 11.0 points, 2.9 rebounds and 2.4 assists per game. Canterbury Rams (2017)
On January 27, 2017, <mask> signed with the Canterbury Rams for the 2017 New Zealand NBL season. He made his debut for the Rams in their season opener on March 18, 2017, recording a game-high 39 points, 10 rebounds and five assists in a 114–107 loss to the Super City Rangers. The following day, he scored 31 points in a 99–87 overtime win over the Hawke's Bay Hawks. Canterbury won the overtime period 16–4 with <mask> scoring 11 points. <mask> was named Player of the Week for Round 2 after tallying 24 points (10/15 FG, 4/7 3pt), nine assists, five rebounds and two steals in a 114–80 win over the Nelson Giants on March 25.On April 14, he had 13 assists in a 95–82 win over the Taranaki Mountainairs. In late May, coach Mark Dickel changed the makeup of his starting five by relegating <mask> to a bench role. Dickel's decision was defensive-minded as he looked to morph the team into a more balanced outfit ahead of the playoffs. The mid-season addition of McKenzie Moore also saw <mask> being able to take a step back from point guard duties. The Rams finished the regular season in fourth place with a 10–8 record, and lost to the first-seeded Wellington Saints 94–73 in their semi-final match-up. <mask> had a team-high 25 points and eight rebounds in the loss. He appeared in all 19 games for the Rams in 2017, averaging 20.5 points, 5.3 rebounds, 5.6 assists and 1.2 steals per game.South West Metro Pirates (2017)
Following the conclusion of the New Zealand NBL season, <mask> returned to Australia and joined the South West Metro Pirates for the rest of the 2017 Queensland Basketball League season. He made his debut for the Pirates on July 1, scoring 22 points in a 90–87 loss to the Rockhampton Rockets. In his second game for the Pirates on July 15, <mask> scored 31 points in a 105–97 win over the Ipswich Force. To conclude the month, he had two 33-point games. The Pirates finished the regular season in sixth place with an 11–6 record, and faced the third-seeded Townsville Heat in the quarter-finals. Despite <mask>'s game-high 31 points, 10 rebounds, four assists and seven steals, the Pirates were defeated 92–89. In seven games for the Pirates, he averaged 28.86 points per game.Sydney Kings (2017)
On October 18, 2017, <mask> signed with the Sydney Kings as an injury replacement for Kevin Lisch, returning to the Australian NBL for a second stint. He made his debut for the Kings the following night, recording five points, two rebounds and two assists in a 90–73 loss to the New Zealand Breakers. He appeared in six games for the Kings before the team brought in import Jerome Randle. He averaged 6.8 points, 2.5 rebounds and 2.2 assists per game. Return to Bendigo (2018)
On December 7, 2017, <mask> signed with the Bendigo Braves for the 2018 SEABL season, returning to the team for a second stint. In the Braves' season opener on April 6, 2018, <mask> scored 36 points in a 78–77 win over the Diamond Valley Eagles. He was subsequently named Player of the Week for Round 1.On May 4, he scored 36 points in a 91–87 loss to the Basketball Australia Centre of Excellence. On July 7, he recorded 32 points and a season-high 11 rebounds in a 79–73 win over the North-West Tasmania Thunder. The Braves finished the regular season in seventh place with an 11–9 record. In their elimination final, <mask> scored 21 points in a 97–75 win over the BA Centre of Excellence. They went on to lose their semi-final against the Kilsyth Cobras 111–88, with <mask> scoring 16 points. He appeared in all 22 games for the Braves in 2018, averaging 23.1 points, 5.5 rebounds and 5.3 assists per game. Return to the Bullets (2018–2019)
On December 4, 2018, <mask> was announced by the Brisbane Bullets as a short-term roster fill-in, following the release of Stephen Holt.<mask> had been training with the Bullets all season. In his first game back for the Bullets on December 8, <mask> played a crucial fourth-quarter role and finished with 15 points in a 97–94 win over Melbourne United. After scoring five points in a 90–74 win over United on December 10, <mask>'s contract with the Bullets was extended for the rest of the season on December 13. On January 3, he scored 13 points in a 109–80 loss to the Cairns Taipans. On February 3, he scored 14 points in a 107–91 loss to the Sydney Kings. On February 9, he scored a team-high 17 points in a 79–68 loss to the Taipans. In 18 games, he averaged 6.0 points, 1.2 rebounds and 1.1 assists per game.Southland Sharks (2019)
On May 3, 2019, <mask> signed with the Southland Sharks of the New Zealand NBL for a two-game stint. He scored 15 points in his first game and 21 in his second. Adelaide 36ers and New Zealand Breakers (2021)
In November 2020, <mask> played for the Brisbane Bullets in their two NBL preseason games in Adelaide against the 36ers. On February 10, 2021, he signed with the 36ers to fill a vacant import position following the release of Donald Sloan. In his debut for the 36ers five days later, he recorded five points and three assists in 10 minutes off the bench in a 93–74 loss to the Bullets. On February 25, he scored 12 points in an 82–73 loss to Melbourne United. He was released from his short-term contract on March 12.On March 13, 2021, <mask> signed with the New Zealand Breakers as an injury replacement for Lamar Patterson. In his debut for the Breakers seven days later, he scored seven points in 15 minutes off the bench in an 88–67 loss to the Bullets. On March 25, he scored 13 points in an 82–79 loss to Melbourne United. He played three games for the Breakers as they juggled roster alterations. Auckland Huskies (2021)
On April 22, 2021, <mask> signed a three-game deal with the Auckland Huskies for the start of the 2021 New Zealand NBL season. In his debut for the Huskies three days later, he scored a game-high 32 points in a 99–96 win over the Franklin Bulls. In his third and final game on May 9, he scored 23 points and hit the game-winning 3-pointer in a 90–87 overtime win over the Nelson Giants.Logan Thunder (2021–present)
<mask> joined the Logan Thunder for the 2021 NBL1 North season. In his debut for the Thunder in their season opener on May 15, he recorded 29 points, 12 rebounds and 10 assists in a 107–89 win over the RedCity Roar. On May 30, he had 15 points and 16 assists in a 93–74 win over the Northside Wizards. On June 26, he scored 31 points in a 107–99 win over the Gold Coast Rollers. On July 24, he recorded 21 points and 15 assists in a 132–99 win over the Southern Districts Spartans. He helped the Thunder finish on top of the ladder in the regular season with a 12–1 record, averaging 21.5 points, 9.2 assists and 6.1 rebounds. He was subsequently named NBL1 North MVP and NBL1 North All-Star Five.They defeated the Spartans in the quarter-final with <mask> scoring 29 points and then lost to the Cairns Marlins in the semi-final with <mask> scoring 18 points. In 15 total games, he averaged 21.73 points, 6.2 rebounds, 8.66 assists and 1.46 steals per game. On January 21, 2022, <mask> re-signed with the Thunder for the 2022 NBL1 North season. 3x3 career
In 2018, <mask> made his 3-on-3 basketball debut in the NBL 3×3 Pro Hustle Tour, where his team won both tournaments. In 2019, he made his return to the Pro Hustle Tour in the hopes of qualifying to represent the United States in 3-on-3 at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics. He helped his team win two of the three stops. In May 2019, <mask> tore his ACL playing in a 3x3 tournament in Penang, Malaysia.Coaching career
In November 2019, <mask> was appointed player/coach of the South West Metro Pirates for the 2020 NBL1 North season. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NBL1 season was cancelled. He later coached the Pirates' Men's Division 1 team in the 2020 Queensland State League (QSL). Personal
<mask>'s wife Nadia is from Nelson, New Zealand. They met and married in Brisbane, Australia. The couple have twins that were born in 2019. References

External links
Rams player profile
Bellarmine bio
SEABL stats
SEABL.com.au report
Bendigo Advertiser report
NBL.com.au report
BrisbaneBullets.com.au report
Stuff.co.nz report

1988 births
Living people
Adelaide 36ers players
Amal Essaouira players
American expatriate basketball people in Australia
American expatriate basketball people in Morocco
American expatriate basketball people in New Zealand
American expatriate basketball people in Switzerland
American men's basketball players
Auckland Huskies players
Basketball players from Indiana
Bellarmine Knights men's basketball players
Brisbane Bullets players
Canterbury Rams players
Guards (basketball)
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
New Zealand Breakers players
People from Jeffersonville, Indiana
SAM Basket players
Southland Sharks players
Sydney Kings

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texts:
<mask> of Parma (c. 1209 – 19 March 1289) was an Italian Franciscan friar, who served as one of the first Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor (1247–1257). He was also a noted theologian of the period. Life
<mask> was born about 1209 in the medieval commune of Parma in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna; his family name was probably Buralli. Educated by an uncle, chaplain of the Church of St. Lazarus at Parma, his progress in learning was such that he quickly became a teacher of philosophy (magister logicæ). When and where he entered the Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the "Franciscans"), the old sources do not say. Affò assigns 1233 as the year, and Parma as the probable place. Ordained a priest, he taught theology at the University of Bologna and the University of Naples, and finally taught the Sentences of Peter Lombard at the University of Paris.He assisted at the First Council of Lyons in 1245, representing the current Minister General, Crescentius of Jesi, who was too ill to attend. At the General Chapter of the Order held at Lyons in July 1247, <mask> was elected Minister General, at the suggestion of Pope Innocent IV, who had been impressed by him during his service at the Council of Lyons two years earlier. He was elected with the support of the rigorist branch of the Order (known as the Fraticelli), which office he held till 2 February 1257. The desire for the original fervor of the Order animated the new Minister General and of his purposes for the full observance of the Rule of St. Francis, reflects from the joy recorded by Angelus Clarenus among the survivors of Francis's first companions at his election—though Giles of Assisi's words sound somewhat pessimistic: "Welcome, Father, but you come late". <mask> set to work immediately. Wishing to know personally the state of the Order, he began visiting every community of friars. His first visit was to England, where he was extremely satisfied, and where he was received by King Henry III of England.At Sens in France, King Louis IX (later a member of the Third Order of St. Francis) honored with his presence the Provincial Chapter held by <mask>. Having visited the Provinces of Burgundy and of Provence, he set out in September 1248, for Spain, whence Pope Innocent recalled him to entrust him with an embassy to the East. Before departing, <mask> appears to have held the General Chapter of Metz in 1249 (others put it after the embassy, 1251). It was at this Chapter that <mask> refused to draw up new statutes to avoid overburdening the friars. Only some new rubrics were promulgated, which in a later chapter in Genoa (1254) were included in the official ceremonial of the Order. The object of <mask>'s embassy to the East was reunion with the Eastern Orthodox Church, whose representatives he met at Nice, and who saluted him as an "angel of peace". <mask>'s mission bore no immediate fruit, though it may have prepared the way for the union decreed at the Council of Lyons in 1274.In his generalate occurred also the famous dispute between the mendicants and the Sorbonne University of Paris. According to Salimbene, <mask> went to Paris (probably in 1253), and, by his mild yet strenuous arguments, strove to secure peace. It was in connection with this attack on the Dominicans and the Franciscans that <mask> of Parma and Humbert of Romans, Master General of the Dominicans, published at Milan in 1255 a letter recommending peace and harmony between the two Orders (text in Wadding, 111, 380). In the "Introductorius in Evangelium Æternum" of Gerard of S. Donnino (1254), <mask>'s friend, Humbert, was denounced by the professors of Paris and condemned by a commission at Anagni in 1256; <mask> himself was in some way compromised—a circumstance which, combined with others, finally brought about the end of his generalate. He convened a General chapter at Rome on 2 February 1257. If Peregrinus of Bologna is correct, Pope Alexander IV secretly intimated to <mask> that he should resign, and decline reelection should it be offered him, while Salimbene insists that <mask> resigned of his own free will. The pope may have exerted some pressure on <mask>, who was only too glad to resign, seeing himself unable to promote henceforth the good of the Order.Questioned as to the choice of a successor, he proposed Bonaventure, who had succeeded him as professor at Paris. <mask> retired to the hermitage at the famed village of Greccio, near Rieti, memorable for the Nativity scene first introduced there by Francis of Assisi. There he lived in voluntary exile and complete solitude; his cell near a rock is still shown. But another trial awaited him. Accused of Joachimism, he was submitted to a canonical process at Cittá della Pieve (in Umbria), reportedly presided over by Bonaventure and Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Cardinal protector of the Order. The mention of this cardinal as protector brings us to a chronological difficulty, overlooked by writers who assign the process against <mask> to 1257; for Alexander IV (1254–61) retained the protectorship and Orsini became protector, at the earliest, at the end of 1261. Angelus Clarenus tells us that the concealed motive of this process was <mask>'s attachment to the literal observance of the Rule; the accusation of Joachimism, against which he professed his Catholic faith, being only a pretext.Other sources, however, speak of retractation. Clarenus relates that <mask> would have been condemned had it not been for the powerful intervention of Innocent IV's nephew, Cardinal Ottoboni Fioschi, later Pope Hadrian V. <mask> certainly did not profess the dogmatic errors of Joachimism, though he may have held some of its apocalyptic ideas. Upon his acquittal, he returned to Greccio and continued his life of prayer and work. It was there, it is said, that an angel once served his Mass, and that in 1285 he received the visit of Ubertin of Casale, who has left an account of this meeting. Hearing that the Orthodox were abandoning the union agreed upon in 1274, <mask>, now 80 years old, desired to use his last energies in the cause of Christian unity. He obtained the permission of Pope Nicolas IV to go to Greece, but reached only as far as Camerino, in the March of Ancona, where he died in the local friary on 19 March 1289. He was beatified by Pope Pius VI in 1777; his feast day is celebrated by the Friars Minor on 20 March.Works
With the exception of his letters, scarcely any literary work can, with surety, be attributed to <mask>. He is certainly not the author of the "Introductorius in Evangel. Æternum", nor of the "Visio Fratris Johannis de Parma". With more probability we can attribute to <mask> the "Dialogus de vitia SS. Fratrum Minorum", partly edited by L. Lemmens, O.F.M. (Rome, 1902). The "Chronicle of the XXIV Generals" ascribes to <mask> the allegoric treatise on poverty: "Sacrum Commercium B. Francisci cum Domina Paupertate" (ed.Milan, 1539), edited by Ed. d'Alençon (Paris and Rome, 1900), who ascribes it (without sufficient reason) to <mask>. Carmichael has translated this edition: "The Lady Poverty, a thirteenth-century allegory" (London, 1901); another English translation is by Rawnsly (London, 1904); a good introduction and abridged version is given by Macdonell, "Sons of Francis", 189-213. Other works are mentioned by Sbaralea, "Suppl. ad Script." (Rome, 1806), 398. Sources

Salimbene, Chronica (Parma, 1857), ed.also by HOLDER-EGGER in Mon. Gern. Hist. : Script., XXXII (Hanover, 1905-8)
Angelus Clarenus, Chronicon seu Historia septem tribulationum ordinis minorum, partly edited by Ehrle in Arch. Für Litt. u. Kirchengesch., II (Berlin, 1886), 249 sqq., and by Ignaz von Döllinger, Beiträge zur Sektengesch., II (Munich, 1890), 417 sqq
Anal.Francisce., I (Quaracchi, 1885), 217 sqq. ; III (Quaracchi, 1897); Archivum Francisanum Historicum, II (Quaracchi, 1909), 433-39; Bull. Franc., I (Rome, 1759); II (Rome, 1761)
Suppl. ad Bull. Franc. of Flaminius Annibali de Latera (Rome, 1780)
Konrad Eubel, editor, Bullarii Franciscani Epitome sive Summa Bullarum (Quaracchi, 1908)
Collection of good texts, especially referring to missions in the East: Golubovich, Biblioteca bio-bibliografica di Terra Santa, I (Quaracchi, 1906), 219-228
Luke Wadding, Annales, III, IV (2nd ed., Rome, 1732). Anne Macdonell, Sons of Francis (London, 1902), 214-51
Léon [DE, CLARY], Lives of the Saints and Blessed of the Three Orders of St. Francis, I (Taunton, I885), 493-513.There are three Italian lives with the title Vita del Beato Giovanni da Parma:
Camerino (Ravenna, 1730)
Affò (Parma, 1777)
Luigi da Parma, 2nd ed. (Quaracchi, 1900)--1st ed. had appeared in the review Beato Giovanni da Parma, Periodico Bimensile (Parmi, 1888-9

Also:

Ludovico Jacobilli, Vite de' Santi e Beati dell' Umbria, I (Foligno, 1647), 329-34
Affò in Memorie degli Scrittori c Letterati Parmigiani, I (Parma, 1789), 129-45
Daunou in Histoire littéraire de la France, XX (Paris, 1842), 23-36 (antiquated)
Féret, La Faculté de Théologie de Paris, Moyen Age, II (Paris, 1895), 94-99
Picconi, Serie Cronologico-Bioqrafica dei Ministri e Vicari Prov. della Minoritica Provincia di Bologna (Parma, 1908), 43-44
Heribert Holzapfel, Manuale Historiæ Ordinis Fratrum Minorum (Freiburg im Br., 1909), 25-30; German edition (Freiburg im Br., 1909), 28 33
René de Nantes, Histoire des Spirituels (Paris, 1909), 145 205. Notes

External links

1200s births
1289 deaths
13th-century venerated Christians
Franciscan beatified people
Franciscan theologians
Religious leaders from Parma
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor
Beatifications by Pope Pius VI

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texts:
<mask> (1885–1960) was an English barrister whose clients included Liberace, John Aspinall and Aneurin Bevan. He was called to the bar in 1908, took silk in 1933 and continued working until his death in 1960. Many of his notable cases were related to divorce, libel, slander and interpretation of the UK gambling laws. Early years

Beyfus's parents were Emmie Marguerite Ruth Plumsted and solicitor <mask>. His grandfather, <mask>, was a London-based furniture manufacturer, trader, diamond dealer and bill discounter. His great-grandfather, <mask>, who came to Britain from Germany in the early part of the 19th century, was a professor of languages, taught in the Western Synagogue and was the secretary of the Jews’ Free School. Beyfus had one sibling, a half brother called Alfred Butt, who later became a theatre impresario and politician.Many of his uncles had wide-ranging business interests and these included directors of theatres, department stores, fruit importers, a solicitor, diamond dealers and money lenders. Beyfus was educated at Harrow School (entry 1899) and Trinity College, Oxford where he obtained a second class honours degree in 1907. Later that year he took his examination for the Bar and was awarded a Certificate of Honour. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in January 1908 and took silk in 1933. Political life
Beyfus stood for parliament in 1910 as a Liberal candidate for the constituency of Cirencester. The Conservative candidate, Benjamin Bathurst, won the seat with a majority of 8.8%. He next tried for a parliamentary seat in Dudley, again as a Liberal candidate.He was selected and the election was due in 1915, but the start of World War I delayed this. In addition, Beyfus had joined the army and was sent to the front in February 1915. After the war he tried again to win a seat and was selected as a National Liberal candidate for Kingswinford where he was beaten in the 1922 election by the Labour incumbent MP Charles Henry Sitch. In 1923 he was approached by the Liberal Party of East Nottingham to be their candidate, but rejected the offer. In 1937 he joined the Conservative Party and applied twice to be candidates for them, but on both occasions failed to be selected. Army career and prisoner of war
At the start of the First World War Befus volunteered to join the army and was appointed on 15 August 1914 as Second Lieutenant to the 3rd Battalion, West Riding Regiment. He had some previous experience having been a member of the 27th Middlesex (Harrow School), Rifle Corps.He joined his regiment in Belgium at Ypres where he suffered shrapnel wounds during the battle for Hill 60 in April 1915. He returned to duty in May and was assigned to Hill 60, which at this time was in the possession of the allied forces. Beyfus narrowly escaped suffocation when the Germans mounted an attack using gas, but in the confusion he was taken prisoner. During the engagement, Beyfus's cousin, Harold Emanuel <mask>, who was serving with The London Regiment, was fatally wounded and died two days later in Boulogne hospital. <mask> remained a prisoner until the end of the war but made several attempts to escape. Most notable was his attempt, with two fellow escapees, to cross the Baltic Sea in a 16 ft rowing boat. They were spotted by a coastal patrol and taken back to the prison camp.Legal career
In his early career Beyfus obtained legal work from the firm of solicitors Beyfus & Beyfus, owned by his father and his uncle Philip Beyfus. He also represented family members when they became involved with court actions. In 1920 Beyfus represented a client in a case that related to a gambling debt. Beyfus won the case on a technicality, but the outcome had consequences for the gaming industry, forcing them to take a test case to the High Court and then to the House of Lords. On both occasions Beyfus's arguments won the day and in consequence the Government were forced to amend the law. Beyfus became one of the country's leading experts on the gaming laws. He gave evidence to the Royal Commission on the subject in 1950 and helped M.P.William Rees-Davies frame a private member's bill. In 1933 he was appointed King’s Counsel. In 1935 he was involved in another gaming related test case, this time connected to the football pools. The test was to establish if the pools company was in breach of section 26 of the 1934 Betting and Lotteries Act. Again Beyfus argued his client's case around a technicality and the judge found in his favour. However, he was not always successful and in 1931 lost a case that involved his client attempting to set up a business selling tickets for Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake in Britain. Ironically a year later Beyfus found out that he had drawn the ticket in the Irish Sweepstake for The Derby favourite Orwell.Sadly the horse ran lame resulting in huge disappointment. In 1958 Beyfus represented John Aspinall and his associate, John Richard Burke, who had both been accused of unlawful gaming in the home of Lady Osborne (Aspinall's Mother). She appeared in court with them but was represented by another barrister. Aspinall had been operating casinos where the principal game was Chemin de Fer, moving locations to avoid the attention of the police. After listening to Beyfus's legal argument the judge told the jury that in his opinion there was no evidence of unlawful gaming and consequently the case was dismissed. One of the longest and most expensive cases he dealt with was in 1935, when he represented a UK dealership that sold Chrysler motorcars. The owner, Arnold de la Poer, alleged that threats and misrepresentation had been used to force him to sell his shares to the American Chrysler motor corporation.After a hearing that lasted 62 days the judge found in his favour and awarded damages of over £40,000 plus costs. Initially the Chrysler corporation intended to appeal, but eventually a settlement was agreed between the parties. In addition to his legal work related to gaming and divorce Beyfus handled some notable libel cases. In 1957 three members of the Labour Party, Aneurin Bevan, Richard Crossman and Morgan Phillips sued The Spectator for publishing an article by Jenny Nicholson indicating that they were drinking to excess during a convention in Italy. Beyfus won the case for them and they were each awarded £2500 and costs of £4000. In the same year he represented Jaime Ortiz-Patiño in an action against the Sunday Graphic. He was awarded £20,000 after the newspaper withdrew their defence.In 1959 the entertainer Liberace sued the Daily Mirror for publishing an article written by William Connor (Cassandra) that appeared to impute that he was homosexual. Beyfus represented Liberace, but by this time he was 74 years old, suffering from ill health, and his appearance did not inspire confidence in his client. However, in court he showed all his old flair and won the case and £8000 damages for his client. By now Beyfus was terminally ill but kept working. His final case was one of slander and libel involving the Duchess of Argyll and her dispute with a former social secretary, Yvonne Macpherson, who was Beyfus's client. The jury found in favour of Mrs Macpherson and she was awarded £7000. Marriages
Beyfus married three times.His first wife was Margaret Moore, a revue actress (real name Margaret Malone, formally Margaret Ella Squires) who was aged 25 when they married in 1929. They had one child named <mask> who in later life became a pilot in the Fleet Air Arm. The couple parted in 1947 and two years later Beyfus remarried to 29 year old divorcee Joan Hilda Grant (surname at birth Croker and formerly married to John Hook)  . They divorced within two years and Beyfus married for the third time in 1953 to 27 year old Eileen Louisa Hill; they remained together until his death in 1960 at his home in Haslemere. References

1885 births
1960 deaths
English barristers
Members of the Inner Temple
People educated at Harrow School
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
English Queen's Counsel
Liberal Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
National Liberal Party (UK, 1922) politicians
Duke of Wellington's Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War I
British World War I prisoners of war
<mask>
20th-century English lawyers

masks:
Gilbert Hugh Beyfus
Alfred Beyfus
Solomon Beyfus
Gotz Philip Beyfus
Beyfus
Beyfus
John Gilbert
Gilbert