texts:
<mask> (),<mask>am <mask> () born on 1 September 1953 in Rabwah, Punjab, He is a Pakistani Urdu poet, short story writer, essayist, critic, editor and journalist. He writes in Urdu. Personal life

<mask> was born in Rabwah, Chiniot District, Punjab, Pakistan He belongs to a Siraiki-speaking family. His father <mask>war was from Khanpur, Rahim Yar Khan. <mask> began writing verses in the age of 18. After passing his secondary level in 1968, he started working at a sugar mill, in the same year he wrote his first romantic story. He wrote his first ghazal in 1971 soon after his marriage.Later he obtained his Master of Arts (M.A.) in Urdu literature in 1974. <mask> Qureshi moved to Germany in 1994, and is living there uptil. He is now a German Nationality holder having Pakistani background. Literary career

<mask> was an active member of literary circles in Khanpur. His six publications are related to anthologies of ghazal, nazm and mahiya. He had also penned short stories, sketches,memories, inshaiya (light essays), a travelog of his pilgrimage to Mecca and a literary collection of his 11 Books Umre-La ' haasil ka Haasil  (The outcome of futile life).He is also a strong supporter of Urdu mahiya and has been both praised and criticised for his work on mahiya in the poetry circles. He is the editor of the literary Urdu magazine Jadeed Adab, first launched from Khanpur in 1978, and later from Germany. <mask>'s poetry has been translated into English, Arabic, German and Turkish. Most of his literary work is comprised in the book Umr-e-Lahaasil Ka Haasil, a Kulliyat of both poetry and prose. Jadeed Adab
Jadeed Adab  ()  was an Urdu literary magazine based in Germany founded by <mask> <mask>; he remains its editor-in-chief. It is published from Germany, Pakistan and India, in print form and on the internet. It was first launched  in 1978  from Khanpur, Pakistan.Farhat Nawaz was the co-editor of Jadeed Adab Khanpur in Pakistan. Jadeed Adab was founded in 1978 from Khanpur, Pakistan, by <mask> <mask> <mask>'s jewelry which he sold one after another until all were sold and the magazine ceased to be published. It is published from Germany, Pakistan and India, and it is available both in print form and on the internet. After several years the magazine was restarted from Germany. Jadeed Adab was (until the last 2012 issue) the only regularly published Urdu literary magazine both in print form and on the internet. Views
Dawn newspaper praised his poetry remarking;

Bibliography
Poetry

 Sulagtay Khawab (Smoldering Dreams)  Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad, Pakistan. 1991

 Umre GurezaN (Reluctant Life)  Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad, Pakistan.1994

 Mohabbat kay Phool (Flowers of Love) Nayab Publications Lahore. 1996

 Duaaey Dil (prayer from the Heart) Nusrat Publishers Lahore 1997

 GhazlaiN, Nazmain, Mahiay  Sarwar Adabi Academy Germany 1998

  Qafas Kay Andar (Inside The Cage) Akkas International Islamabad, 2013

 Dard Sumandar (Limitless pain)   2014

 Zindgi (Life)  2014

Prose
 Roshani ki Basharat(The Prophecy of Light.) – Tajdeed Ishaat Ghar Lahore, Islamabad
 "Qissay Kahaniyan"(Anecdotes and Stories)
 Afsaane (Short Stories)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1999
 Atmi Jang (Nuclear War)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1996
 Main Intezaar kerta hoon (And I Wait)– Sahitia Bharat, Delhi, India. 1999
 Meri Mohabbatein(Tales of my Heart)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India. 1996–1998
 Soo-e-Hejaaz*(Journey to Makkah & Madeena)– Mayaar Publications Delhi, India.2000–2004
 Khatti Meethi Yaadein (sweet and sour Memories)
 Faaslay'Qurbaten (Aloofness and Intimacies)
 "Abba Ji aur Ammi Ji"(My Father and Mother)
 "Hayat e Mubarika Haider"(Biography of Mubarika <mask>)
 Mubarika Mahal (Mubarika Palace)
 " Beemari ya Roohani Tajrabah" (Illness or Spiritual Experience)

Research and critics books
 Dr. Wazir Agha ahad saaz shakhshiyat –(Dr. Wazir Agha History Maker).1995
 Hasil e Mutalea (Study gains). Tassuraat (Impressions). Mazameen aur Tabsaray (Essays and Reviews). Dr. Gopichand Narang aur Ma baad Jadeediat (Dr. Gopichand Narang and postmoderism). Dr. Satyapal Anand ki Boodni, NaBoodni
 Hamara Adabi Manzar Namah (Our Literary Scenario). Mazameen o Mabahes (Essays and debates). Urdu mein Mahiya Nigari –(Mahiya poetry in Urdu) Farhad Publications Rawalpindi, Pakistan.1999
 Urdu Mahiay ki Tehreek (Urdu Mahiya movement). Urdu Mahiye ke Baani Himmat Rai Sharma –(Founder of Urdu Mahia Himmat Rai Sharma). Mahiay ke Mabahes (Debates on Mahiya). Urdu Mahiya (Mahiya in Urdu). Urdu Mahiya Tehqeeq o Tanqeed (Urdu Mahiya:Research and Criticism). University Research Thesis on the literary work of <mask> Qureshi
 PHD Topic "Haider Qureshi Shakhsiat aur Adabi Jahten" (Haider Qureshi Personality & literary facets) year 2013,
Research Sholar Dr. Abdul Rab Ustaad, Gulbarga University Gulbarga, India. M.Phil.Topic "<mask> Qureshi ki Adabi Khidmaat. (Literary contribution of <mask> Qureshi)   year 2014,
Researcher Aamir Sohail, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. M. Phil Topic "Haider Qureshi Hayat o Khidmaat" (<mask> Qureshi Life & contribution to literature) year 2013,
Researcher Anjum Aara, Calcutta University, Kolkata, India. M.Phil. Topic "<mask> Qureshi bahesiat Mohaqqeq aur Naqqad"(<mask> Qureshi as a Researcher and a Critic) year 2018,
Researcher Sughra Begum, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad, Pakistan. M.Phil. Topic "Haider Qureshi ki Shairi ka Mutalea"(A study of <mask> <mask>'s poetry)  year 2014,
Researcher Hriday Bhano Pratap, Jawahar Lal Nehru university Delhi, India.M.Phil. Topic "<mask> Qureshi ki Afsana Nigari ka Mutalea"(A study of <mask> <mask>'s short stories) year 2014,
Researcher Razeena Khan, Jawahar Lal Nehru university Delhi, India. M.A. Topic "Sherul mehjer inda <mask> Qureshi... Ma-alTarjuma"Arabic,(Urdu poetry in other countries in the light of <mask> <mask> 's poetry ... this thesis is written in Arabic after translating 4 poetry books of <mask> Qureshi) year 2015,
Researcher Ahmad Abdurba Abbas, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. M.A. Topic "Haider Qureshi Shakhsiat aur Fann"(Haider Qureshi Personality & literary work)   year 2002,
Researcher Munazzah Yasmeen, Islamiah University Bahawal Pur, Pakistan. M.Phil.Topic "Majalla Jadeed Adab ki Adabi Khidmaat"(The contribution of"Jadid Adab" to literature) year 2018,
Researcher Kanwal Tabassum, Federal Urdu University, Islamabad.Pakistan. M.A. Topic "Jadeed Adab men shaey honay walay Mabahes",(Literary debates published in " Jadid Adab ") year 2009,
Researcher Shazia Humera, Islamia University Bahawal Pur, Pakistan. M.Phil. Topic "Risala Jadeed Adab ki Adabi Khidmaat.. Tehqeeqi o Tanqeedi Mutalea"
(A critical review to evaluate literary contribution of "Jadid Adab") year2018,
Researcher Mohamad Shoaib, Hazara University Mansehra, Pakistan. See also
 List of Pakistani poets
 List of Urdu language poets
 List of Pakistani writers
 List of Urdu language writers
 List of Pakistani journalists
 List of magazines in Pakistan

References

External links
 Official website
 "A Souvenir Day of Life"
 Collection of poems, (translated)
 H.Q. ka Kolkata aur Delhi ka Safar
 ALL THE BOOKS
 "Jadeed Adab Mira ji Number" DAILY TIMES 23.09.12
 Jadeed Adab emagazine
 List Of All The Books By Haider Qureshi
 University Research Thesis on the Literary Work of <mask> Qureshi

1952 births
Living people
Pakistani male journalists
Pakistani poets
Pakistani expatriates in Germany
People from Rahim Yar Khan District
Punjabi people
Urdu-language poets
People from Chiniot District

masks:
Haider Qureshi
Qureshi Ghul
Haider Arshad
Haider Qureshi
Qureshi Ghulam Sar
Haider Qureshi
Haider
Qureshi
Qureshi
Haider
Qureshi
Haider
Qureshibarika
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Haider
Qureshi
Haider
Haider
Qureshi
Haider
Haider
Qureshi
Haider
Haider


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; born 22 February 1940, Oslo) is a Norwegian philosopher and political theorist who holds the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University. He received his PhD in social science from the École Normale Superieure in 1972. He has previously taught at the University of Paris, the University of Oslo, and the University of Chicago, where he became professor of political science in 1984. Since 1995, he has held the Robert K. Merton professorship of Social Science at Columbia University, as well as been professor of social science at the Collège de France since 2005. <mask> has authored works in the philosophy of social science and rational choice theory. He is also a notable proponent of analytical Marxism, and a critic of neoclassical economics and public choice theory, largely on behavioral and psychological grounds. In 2016, he was awarded the 22nd Johan Skytte Prize in Political Science for his contributions to political science.Biography
<mask> is the son of journalist/author and CEO of the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation Torolf <mask>, and poet Magli <mask>. He earned his PhD in 1972 from the École Normale Superieure in Paris with a dissertation on Karl Marx under the direction of Raymond Aron. <mask> was a member of the September Group for many years but left in the early 1990s. <mask> previously taught at the University of Oslo in the department of history and held an endowed chair at the University of Chicago, teaching in the departments of philosophy and political science. He is now Robert K. Merton Professor of Social Sciences with appointments in Political Science and Philosophy at Columbia University and professeur honoraire at the Collège de France. He was awarded the Jean Nicod Prize in 1997 and the Skytte Prize in Political Science in 2016. He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of the American Philosophical Society, of the Academia Europaea, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy. <mask> is doctor honoris causa at the universities of Valencia, Stockholm, Oslo, Trondheim (NTNU), Louvain-la-Neuve, Torcuato di Tella, and the National University of Colombia. He is honorary professor at the University of Chongqing. Philosophical work

Much of <mask>'s writing is characterized by attempts to use analytical theories, especially rational choice theory, as a springboard for philosophical and ethical analysis, with numerous examples from literature and history. "Elster has made important contributions to several fields," Daniel Little wrote in a review essay. "The breadth and depth of his writings are striking in a time of high specialisation; he is read and discussed by political scientists, legal scholars, economists and philosophers. His work is difficult to summarise in a slogan, but ... it is generally informed by a broad and deep acquaintance with relevant literature in economics, political science, history, philosophy, and psychology."A student of the philosophy of social science (a topic he investigated through case studies in Explaining Technical Change), <mask> strongly argued that social scientific explanations had to be built on top of methodological individualism (the belief that only individuals, not larger entities like "organizations" or "societies", can actually do things) and microfoundations (explaining big societal changes in terms of individual actions). He criticized Marxists and other social scientists for believing in functionalism (the belief that institutions exist because of their effect on society) and instead tried to give Marxism a foundation in game theory (the economic notion that people make choices based on the expected benefits and the choices others are likely to make). <mask> wrote numerous books attempting to use rational choice theory for a wide variety of social explanations. "Rational choice theory is far more than a technical tool for explaining behaviour," he once wrote. "It is also, and very importantly, a way of coming to grips with ourselves - not only what we should do, but even what we should be." He attempted to apply it to topics as varied as politics (Political Psychology), bias and constrained preferences (Sour Grapes), emotions (Alchemies of the Mind), self-restraint (Ulysses and the Sirens, which was selected for the Norwegian Sociology Canon), Marxism (Making Sense of Marx), and more. In doing so, he elucidated many issues with simplistic notions of rational choice: endogenous preference formation (certain actions today can change preferences tomorrow, so how does one decide which preferences one prefers?), framing (people express different preferences when the same question is asked different ways), imperfect rationality (weakness of the will, emotion, impulsiveness, habit, self-deception) and our adjustments for it, and time preferences, among others. As time went on <mask> began to sour on rational choice. A 1991 review in the London Review of Books noted "<mask> has lost his bearings, or at least his faith. [His latest books], he says, 'reflects an increasing disillusion with the power of reason'." His magisterial 500-page book Explaining Social Behavior includes something of a recantation:

The book discusses both rational behavior, but also irrational behavior, which <mask> says is "widespread and frequent [but] not inevitable ... we want to be rational". A more recent book, Le désintéressement (part of a two-volume Traité critique de l’homme économique), explores the ramifications of these insights for the possibility of disinterested action. Selected writings
 Leibniz et la formation de l'esprit capitaliste (Paris, 1975)
 Leibniz and the development of economic rationality (Oslo, 1975)
 Logic and Society (New York, 1978)
 Ulysses and the Sirens (Cambridge, 1979)
 Sour grapes.Studies in the subversion of rationality (Cambridge University Press, 1983)
 Explaining Technical Change : a Case Study in the Philosophy of Science (Oslo, 1983)

 An Introduction to Karl Marx (Cambridge, 1986)
 The Cement of Society: A study of social order (Cambridge, 1989)
 Solomonic Judgments: Studies in the limitation of rationality (Cambridge, 1989)
 Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (Cambridge, 1989)
 Local Justice: How institutions allocate scarce goods and necessary burdens (New York, 1992)
 Political Psychology (Cambridge, 1993)
 The Ethics of Medical Choice (with Nicolas Herpin; London, 1994)
 Strong Feelings: Emotion, Addiction, and Human Behavior (Cambridge, 1999)
 Alchemies of the Mind: Rationality and the Emotions (Cambridge, 1999)
 Ulysses Unbound: Studies in Rationality, Precommitment, and Constraints (Cambridge, 2000)
 Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, 2004)
 Explaining Social Behavior: More Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences (Cambridge, 2007; revised ed. 2015)
 Reason and Rationality (Princeton, 2009)
 Alexis de Tocqueville: The First Social Scientist (Cambridge, 2009)
Le désintéressement (Paris, 2009)
L'irrationalité (Paris,  2010)
Securities against Misrule. Juries, Assemblies, Elections (Cambridge, 2013)
Constituent Assemblies (edited with Roberto Gargarella, Vatsal Naresh and Bjørn Erik Rasch; Cambridge, 2019)
France before 1789: The Unraveling of an Absolutist Regime (Princeton, 2020)

See also
 G. A. Cohen
 John Roemer
 List of Jean Nicod Prize laureates

References

External links

Elster page at Columbia University Department of Philosophy
Elster page at the Collège de France

Selected quotes by Jon Elster

When the lottery is fairer than rational choice. Interview with Jon Elster (text&video), laviedesidees.fr, 26/11/2008

1940 births
Living people
Collège de France faculty
21st-century Norwegian philosophers
Norwegian political philosophers
Norwegian political scientists
Columbia University faculty
Jean Nicod Prize laureates
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Rationality theorists
Philosophers of social science
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
Norwegian expatriates in France
Norwegian expatriates in the United States
University of Chicago faculty
Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis faculty

masks:
Jon Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster
Elster


texts:
<mask> (26 July 1938 – 29 October 2011) was a Swiss-American fine artist, primarily working in sculpture and painting. He worked in several genres of art including German Expressionism, Abstract Expressionism, Color fielding, and Figuration. He is known for his international solo and group exhibitions primarily presented in the US, France, Switzerland, Austria, and Germany. He maintained studios in Emeryville, California and in Uerikon near Lake Zurich for over 30 years. Personal background
<mask><mask> was born on 26 July 1938 in Zurich, Switzerland. <mask> traveled internationally throughout his life. In 1968, he traveled to the US and with his wife, artist Colette Leitner, (AKA Lindner) began a 13-year adventure exploring the country.In 1970, he became a US citizen, while simultaneously maintaining his Swiss citizenship. During this period, he continued his artwork, which primarily included sketching and drafting ideas. Following their exploration across the US, which ended in 1981, <mask> divorced and moved to the western US. Arriving in California, <mask> set up a studio in Emeryville, located in the San Francisco Bay area. It was here that he created his first large-format images. Later on, he would commute back and forth between America and Europe, which continued until the 1990s when he temporarily took up residence in Basel. Following the separation from his second wife, he switched his primary residence back to San Francisco.While maintaining a studio in California, he continued to travel to Paris and Switzerland on a regular basis. It wasn't until 2009, that <mask> exhibited his art in his native city of Zurich for the first time. In Paris, during the growing environment of the existentialism, <mask> met Jean-Paul Sartre and Alberto Giacometti. He formed a lifelong friendship with the Giacometti, who advised him to develop and maintain ownership and independence of his artistic style and expression, apart from the influence and control of the artistic community that would seek to define his work based on the desires and artistic direction of others. To that end, <mask> continued to develop new techniques and painting processes, which included the use of mixed media, pigments, and bright, vibrant colors on various canvasses and placement boards. In 1964, with the encouragement of Giacometti, <mask> traveled to New York, where the avant garde movement had been developing and coming to prominence on a global scale. While intrigued by the creative expression of the abstract painters he encountered in New York, he was drawn to the historic monuments of the Mayas and the Aztecs and began traveling to Mexico regularly.It was this combination of experiences - the breadth and spatiality of American abstract painting and Mexico's luminous colors that moved <mask> to a radical new start. Educational background
<mask>'s professional training was varied and included studying with world-renowned artists throughout Europe. He attended the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of Applied Arts) in Vienna, Switzerland, from 1955 through 1958. The school was a highly progressive school that offered an education that focused primarily on architecture, furniture, crafts, and modern design. While Vienna's Academy of Fine Art was considered more prestigious and traditional, the education at Kunstgewerbeschule was dominated by instructors of the Vienna Secession. Following the completion of his education at Kunstgewerbeschule, <mask> relocated to Paris, where he studied sculpture and painting under the guidance of André Lhôte, founder of the Académie d'Art in Montparnasse. Afterwards, <mask> went to Italy to study the famous murals and wall paintings created by Italian Renaissance painters.After completing initial studies of the Italian frescoes, <mask> moved to Salzburg, Austria, where he studied with Oskar Kokoschka, founder of the Schule des Sehens (School of Seeing). He additionally studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Zurich and the Académie de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) in Paris. He and studied lithography and etching with Stanley Hayter in Paris. Influences
André L’Hôte was not only a professor but also a significant influence on <mask>'s early emerging talent. Fernand Léger, also contributed to <mask> in his early years. As <mask>'s work matured the classic influences of Andrea Montegna, Caravaggio, Pierro Della Francesca, and Fra Angelica are evident. He received the greatest inspiration in his professional career from Alberto Giacometti and Pablo Picasso.Personal style
<mask>'s oeuvre consists of four distinct genres: Late German Expressionism, which reveals his close scrutiny of Max Beckmann, E. L. Kirchner, and Emile Nolde. Abstract Expressionist works salute Jackson Pollock, Conrad Marca-Relli, Arshille Gorky, and Philip Guston. Figuration nods to Eric Fischl and Egon Schiele. <mask>'s expansive Colorfields reflect his respect for fellow Bay Area artist, Richard Diebenkorn, as well as Helen Frankenthaler, Ad Reinhardt, and Barnett Newman. Death
<mask> died in Basel, Switzerland on 29 October 2011. At the time of his death, he had perfected a previously undeveloped painting technique and process which allowed brilliant inks and pigment to adhere to translucent vellum. His last collective series encompassed the perfecting of this technique, which he referred to as Clusters.Following his death, an exhibition of a retrospective collection of <mask>'s life and work from 1960 through 2009 was presented at the Sammlung Gallerie S/Z in Zurich, running from June through August 2012. Another retrospective presentation of his work, entitled Remember,  was presented in 2012 at the Galerie Lilian Andrée, Riehen, in the canton of Basel-Stadt in Switzerland. Catalogue de l'exposition, Musée d'Art Moderne, Paris, 1963. "A Swiss Painter in America", Basler Zeitung, Basel, Switzerland, 1981. <mask> at Hatley Martin, San Francisco, Clifford Schwartz, 1986. <mask> at Lilian Andrée, Basel, Switzerland; Siegmar Gassert, 1991. Tansitions-California-Basel Doppelpunkt (Revue d'Art), Exposition Galerie Hilt, Basel, Switzerland, 1992.Catalogue de l'exposition à la Galerie Fernand Léger, Ivry sur Seine. Cimaise, Revue d'Art, Paris, 1993. Pierre-Marc-Levengeois: <mask>, "The Palimpset of Cities". Le Nouveau Quotidien, Lausanne, Suisse, Laurent Wolf: "<mask>, L'Homme qui va là où est la Peinture". Radio France Internationale, Allemagne. Arts plastique: Ironie et dérision, Ville d'Ivry: Actualité Culture
 Frank, Peter. <mask>, Paintings, SMI: Centre d'Art d'Ivry, 1994.Autour de Mark Tobey, Art contemporain, <mask>, 2003. Pariscope, <mask> à l'Ambassade de Suisse, Paris, Peintures récentes. Kunstbulletin, April 2004, Suisse, <mask> à l'Ambassade de Suisse, Paris, 2004. References

External links

Swiss contemporary artists
1938 births
2011 deaths

masks:
Kurt Oscar Weber
Kurt O
. Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber
Kurt Weber


texts:
<mask>, FBA (23 June 1858 – 14 January 1931), usually cited as W. E<mask>, was a British philosopher, logician and economic theorist. He is mainly remembered for his 3 volume Logic which introduced the concept of exchangeability. Life and career
<mask> was born in Cambridge on 23 June 1858 to <mask> and his wife, Harriet (née Brimley). He was their fifth child. The family were Baptists and political liberals. He attended the Llandaff House School, Cambridge where his father was the proprietor and headteacher, then the Perse School, Cambridge, and the Liverpool Royal Institution School. At the age of around eight he became seriously ill and developed severe asthma and lifelong ill health.Due to this his education was frequently disrupted. In 1879 he entered King's College, Cambridge to read mathematics having won a scholarship and was placed 11th Wrangler in 1882. He stayed on to study for the Moral Sciences Tripos from which he graduated in 1883 with a First Class degree. He was also a Cambridge Apostle. In 1895 he married Barbara Keymer. After her sudden death in 1904 his sister Fanny moved in with him to care for his two sons. Having failed to win a prize-fellowship, he spent some time teaching mathematics.His first teaching post was as a lecturer in Psychology and Education at the Cambridge Women's Training College which he held for several years. He was University Teacher of Theory of Education 1893-98 and, from 1896 until 1901, University Lecturer in Moral Sciences at the University of Cambridge. In 1902 he was elected a Fellow of King's College, and appointed to the (newly-created) Sidgwick Lecturership, positions he held until his death. In 1923 he was elected a Fellow of the British Academy. <mask>'s students included I. A. Richards, John Maynard Keynes, Frank Ramsey, Dorothy Wrinch, C. D. Broad, R. B. Braithwaite and Susan Stebbing. In 1912 (at Bertrand Russell's request) <mask> also attempted to 'coach' Ludwig Wittgenstein in logic but this was an arrangement that was both brief and unsuccessful.He died in St Andrew's Hospital, Northampton, on 14 January 1931 and is buried at Grantchester, Cambridgeshire. Work

<mask>, who suffered poor health, published little. That, though "very able", he was "lacking in vigour" and had "published almost nothing" is a matter Bertrand Russell commented upon unsympathetically in a letter to Ottoline Morrell of 23 February 1913. <mask>'s obituary in The Times, penned by J. M. Keynes, more kindly reports that "his critical intellect did not readily lend itself to authorship". A memorial in Mind also proffered a charitable partial explanation of his reluctance to publish. <mask>'s major publication was a three volume work Logic (1921,1922, 1924) which was based on his lectures. This may never have been published if it had not been for the efforts of Newnham student Naomi Bentwich (1891–1988).Bentwich persuaded him to publish, typed and co-edited the manuscript and encouraged him to finish the project. The preface to the first volume carries the acknowledgement: "I have to express my great obligations to my former pupil, Miss Naomi Bentwich, without whose encouragement and valuable assistance in the composition and arrangement of the work, it would not have been produced in its present form". A fourth volume on probability was never finished, but parts of it would be published posthumously as an article in Mind. Logic ensured his election to the British Academy and won him honorary degrees from the universities of Manchester and Aberdeen. Though conceding that Logic was "dated", even at publication, Sébastien Gandon argues that it would be unfair, given "the richness of his thought", to see <mask> "only as a member of the British logic 'old guard' pushed aside by the Principia Mathematica" of Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell. Gandon contends that "many of <mask>'s insights are today an integral part of philosophy" and that this is so especially of <mask>'s doctrine of determinable and determinate. <mask>'s work and influence in this latter regard is discussed in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on Determinables and Determinates by Jessica Wilson."The Logical Calculus" (1892) reveals the technical capabilities of <mask>'s youth, and that he was significantly influenced by the formal logical work of Charles Sanders Peirce. The article begins as follows:

"As a material machine economises the exertion of force, so a symbolic calculus economises the exertion of intelligence ... the more perfect the calculus, the smaller the intelligence compared to the results." A. N. Prior's Formal Logic cites this article several times. John Passmore tells us:
"His neologisms, as rarely happens, have won wide acceptance: such phrases as "ostensive definition", such contrasts as those between ... "determinates" and "determinables", "continuants" and "occurrents", are now familiar in philosophical literature." (Passmore, 1957, p.346)

<mask> also wrote three papers on economics. The first two, both published in the Cambridge Economic Club, being 1891's "Exchange and Distribution" and 1894's "On Certain Questions Connected with Demand" (the latter being co-written with C. P. Langer). ‘The Pure Theory of Utility Curves’ (1913) was an important paper, representing "a considerable advance in the development of utility theory".Prior to the latter he would also write fourteen entries for the first edition of R. H. Inglis Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy (1894-1899). He was also of particular influence on John Maynard Keynes (and had been a colleague of his father John Neville Keynes). Selected publications

 Treatise on Trigonometry (1889). The Logical Calculus, Mind, Vol 1 (1892): [In 3 parts: pp. 3–30, pp. 235–250, pp. 340–357]
Sur la théorie des equations logiques Bibliothèque du Congrès International de Philosophie, Volume 3, 1901, Logique et Histoire des Sciences, pp.185–199. The Pure Theory of Utility Curves, The Economic Journal,  Vol. 23, No. 92 (Dec., 1913)
Analysis of Thinking, Mind, Vol 27 (1918): [in 2 parts: pp. 1–21, pp 133–151]
Logic, Part I, (Cambridge, 1921)
Logic, Part II, (Cambridge, 1922)
Logic, Part III, (Cambridge, 1924)
Probability, Mind 41 (1932): 1–16,

References

External links
1930 photographic portrait of W. E<mask> by Walter Stoneman at the National Portrait Gallery, London
1915 Cambridge Moral Science Club, photo featuring <mask> (with, amongst others, G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, Dawes Hicks, W.R. Sorley, Karin Stephen and J. M. E. McTaggart)
 [At Internet Archive]
 Sanford, David H. (2011), Determinates vs. Determinables in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. [Archived article now supplanted by Jessica Wilson's Determinables and Determinates (2017)]
The Story of Llandaff House and its Academy (a 'local history' article with information about <mask>'s school and ancestors).1858 births
1931 deaths
Fellows of King's College, Cambridge
British logicians
British philosophers

masks:
William Ernest Johnson
. Johnson
Johnson
William Henry Farthing Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
. Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


texts:
<mask> of Briel, in older literature <mask> of Bruyères, was a French knight and the third lord of the Barony of Karytaina in the Principality of Achaea, in Frankish Greece. He led a colourful and turbulent life, narrated in detail in the Chronicle of the Morea. Accounted the finest knight in the Principality, he fought in the wars against the Byzantine Greeks, was captured in the Battle of Pelagonia in 1259, and was sent back to Achaea bearing the Byzantine terms in 1261. <mask> was twice deprived of his barony, once for rebelling against his uncle, the Prince of Achaea William II of Villehardouin, and then for abandoning the Principality without leave in order to spend time with a mistress, the wife of one of his feudatories, in Italy. He was pardoned both times, but henceforth held his title as a gift of the Prince. He died childless in 1275, and the Barony of Karytaina was split up. Origin
<mask> was the son of Hugh of Briel and Alice of Villehardouin, a daughter of the second Prince of Achaea, <mask> of Villehardouin.The family, which hailed from Briel-sur-Barse in the French province of Champagne, is variously named in the sources, e.g. Brieres or Prieres (Μπριέρες or Πριέρης in Greek), Bruières, Briers, Briel or Brielle. <mask>'s father inherited the Barony of Karytaina sometime around 1222 from his brother, Renaud of Briel. The Barony was the third largest (after Akova and Patras) in the Principality of Achaea, counting 22 knights' fiefs and being responsible for keeping watch over the rebellious inhabitants of the mountainous Skorta area. Baron of Karytaina and revolt against William of Villehardouin

<mask> was born in Greece, possibly in Karytaina, soon after his father's arrival there (about 1222/3). Hugh of Briel died in early 1238, not yet forty years old, and was succeeded by the young <mask>. The main source on <mask>'s life are the various versions of the Chronicle of the Morea, which, in the words of the French medievalist Antoine Bon, "narrates with so much detail and indulgence" the "many and colourful adventures" of "a peculiar and charming figure, very representative of the generation of Frankish seigneurs born in Greece".The Chronicle credits <mask> with the construction of the Castle of Karytaina, the "Greek Toledo" as William Miller calls it. <mask> enjoyed a high reputation as a warrior, and was deemed to be the "best knight in the Morea". According to the Aragonese version of the Chronicle he maintained a school of chivalry at the castle Karytaina, where the sons of the Greek nobles were trained as knights in the Western manner. <mask> married Isabella de la Roche, daughter of the Great Lord of Athens and Thebes, Guy I de la Roche. In 1256–1258, he became involved in the War of the Euboeote Succession, at first as a lieutenant of his uncle, Prince William II of Villehardouin, leading an army that laid waste to Euboea and recovered the town of Negroponte for the Prince. Later, however, he sided with his father-in-law Guy de la Roche and the other Frankish lords who opposed William's hegemonic ambitions. William however prevailed in the Battle of Karydi in 1258, and a parliament was assembled at Nikli to judge the defeated lords.<mask> was pardoned by the Prince and his confiscated lands returned, but this time as a personal grant, rather than a fief held in right of conquest. Pelagonia, Byzantine captivity and sojourn in Italy
In 1259, <mask> participated in the princely army that joined the Achaean–Epirote–Sicilian alliance opposing the Greek Empire of Nicaea. The allied forces, riven by distrust between the Latins and the Epirote Greeks, were dealt a crushing defeat in the Battle of Pelagonia. Prince William and most of his barons, including <mask>, were captured in the aftermath of the battle. The Frankish lords remained in captivity until 1261, when, following the recovery of Constantinople by the Nicaean Greeks, the Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos offered to release them in exchange for an oath of fealty to him, and the cession of a number of fortresses in the southeastern Morea. After William agreed, <mask> was released in order to convey the emperor's proposals to the nobles of the Principality. A parliament was once again held in Nikli, in the presence of <mask>, Guy de la Roche, and the Principality's chancellor, Leonard of Veroli.The captive lords were represented by their wives, whereby this assembly became known as the "Parliament of Ladies". The parliament agreed to the terms, <mask> handed over the castles to the Greeks, and returned to Constantinople along with a number of hostages, whereupon Prince William and his barons were released. The surrender of the fortresses began a long period of conflict between the Greeks of the reconstituted Byzantine Empire and the forces of the Principality for control of the Morea. Prince William was absolved by the Pope of his oaths to Palaiologos, and warfare began almost as soon as he returned to the Principality. Despite this precarious situation, <mask> absented himself from the Morea, without William's permission, and spent the years 1263–1265 in Italy, ostensibly on a pilgrimage, but in reality living with the wife of one of his feudatories, John of Katavas. His absence allowed the inhabitants of Skorta to rise up and aid the Byzantine troops in their offensive, which was halted by the same John of Katavas in the Battle of Prinitsa. <mask> was again deprived of his barony for this act, but was pardoned and restored to it on his return.Final years and death
<mask> is mentioned again in the campaigns of the early 1270s, when Palaiologos sent a new commander to the Morea, Alexios Doukas Philanthropenos. In 1270, <mask> and his neighbour, the Baron of Akova, joined the Prince's army with 150 horsemen and 200 infantry. The Latin force raided the Byzantine holdings in Laconia, but Philanthropenos avoided being drawn into a pitched battle. A period of relative peace followed due to Palaiologos' attempts to placate the Pope in the ongoing Second Council of Lyon, but in 1275, the mutual truce was broken by the Greeks. Prince William entrusted a force of 50 horse and 200 crossbowmen to <mask>, who stationed them to keep watch over the defiles of Skorta, but he died of dysentery in late 1275. After his death, Karytaina was increasingly subject to the attacks of the Byzantines, and finally fell to them in 1320. <mask> died childless; the barony, held by grant, was inheritable only by <mask>'s direct descendants, and consequently was split upon his death: one half remained with his widow, Isabella de la Roche, who married Hugh, Count of Brienne, before her death in 1279, and the other reverted to the Prince's domain.Two pretenders to <mask>'s inheritance appeared over the next few years: a certain John Pestel, who achieved nothing, and <mask>'s nephew, <mask> the Younger, who after much persistence managed to obtain the fief of Moraina. Fictional portrayals
<mask> is the eponymous subject of Alfred Duggan's 1962 novel, Lord <mask>'s Fancy. A sympathetic but flawed hero, observed by his distant cousin, an admiring but increasingly disillusioned narrator, the baron of Karytaina is portrayed as a supreme exemplar of both the qualities and the limitations of Frankish chivalry. References

Sources

1220s births
1275 deaths
Geoffrey
Medieval Arcadia
Prisoners of war held by the Byzantine Empire
Deaths from dysentery

masks:
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey I
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey
Geoffrey


texts:
<mask> (September 7, 1920 – November 9, 2016) was an American guitarist, composer and arranger, who spanned a variety of music genres including jazz, country, rock, and pop. He recorded over fifty albums and worked with some of the biggest names in music during the 20th century, including Elvis Presley, Ray Conniff, Ferrante & Teicher, Frank Sinatra, Percy Faith, Buddy Holly, Mitch Miller, and Tony Bennett. Career

During World War II <mask> played with the United States Marine Corps 5th Marine Division Band that also included Bob Crosby. <mask> served in the Battle of Iwo Jima as a stretcher bearer. <mask> was a studio musician in the 1950s in New York City. He released some minor records under his own name in that decade. In addition, he performed under the musical direction of John Serry Sr. on an album for Dot Records in 1956 (Squeeze Play).In 1960 he became a recording star on the United Artists label for over ten years. He had hits in 1961 with "The Magnificent Seven" (#35 in USA) and "Bonanza" (#19 in USA). The arrangements were typically by Don Costa, using a large orchestral backing. <mask> released singles and albums throughout the 1960s and beyond, though no others appeared on the charts except for an entry in 1964 with "From Russia with Love". United Artists used him to make commercial recordings of many movie and TV themes: "Wagon Train (Wagons Ho)", "The Ballad of Paladin", "The Rebel", and "Gunslinger". His album Solid Gold Guitar contained arrangements of "Jezebel", "Two Guitars", "Big Guitar", "I Walk the Line", and "Guitar Boogie". The Magnificent Seven album, other than the title track, consisted of a variety of pop songs with a jazzy bent.Guitars Guitars Guitars was similar. There was a wide variety to his albums — soft pop, Italian, Hawaiian, country, jazz. In the early 1970s he continued on the Avalanche Recordings label, producing similar work including the album Theme From the 'Magnificent 7 Ride' '73. Later, on other labels, came some ethnic-themed instrumental albums such as In a Spanish Mood in 1982, and Italian instrumentals. In 1976, <mask> accompanied Sergio Franchi, Dana Valery, and Wayne J. Kirby (Franchi's musical director) on a concert tour to Johannesburg, South Africa. <mask> died in Allendale, New Jersey, at the age of 96. Discography
 Serenade in Blue (Savoy, 1956)
 Music for Space Squirrels (Atco, 1958)
 Deep in a Dream (Savoy, 1958)
 High Strung (RCA Victor, 1959)
 Guitars Guitars Guitars (United Artists, 1960)
 Percussion Espanol (Time, 1960)
 Great Pickin'  with Don Arnone (Chancellor, 1960)
 Salute Italia!Oro Italiano (<mask>na, 2001)
 Guitar for Latin Lovers (<mask>na, 2001)
 The Manhattan Guitars (<mask>na, 2002)
 Classic Italian Love Songs (<mask>na, 2005)

Partial studio recordings list
{{external media |align=center |width=300px |audio1= You may hear <mask> performing the songs Granada and Secret Love from the album Squeeze Play with John Serry Sr. as released on Chicago Musette: John Serry et son Accordéon in 1958 Here on Gallica.BnF  |audio2= You may hear <mask> performing with John Serry on the album Squeeze Play in 1956 [https://archive.org/details/lp_squeeze-play-featuring-the-dynamic-accordi_john-serry 'Here on archive.org] }}
 Paul Anka — "Diana", "Lonely Boy", "My Way", "Puppy Love", "Put Your Head on My Shoulder", "Times of Your Life" Louis Armstrong — "Back O'Town Blues", "Mop! Mop! ", "Blueberry Hill" (All three tracks recorded live in 1947)
 Frankie Avalon — "DeDe Dinah", "Venus" Burt Bacharach — "Bridget Bardo" Pearl Bailey — "I Got Plenty o' Nuttin'", "Westport" LaVern Baker — "I Cried a Tear", "I'm Leaving You", banjo on "Humpty Dumpty Heart" Tony Bennett — "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", "Climb Ev'ry Mountain", "Stranger in Paradise" Ruth Brown — "Miss Rhythm", "Late Date with Ruth Brown" Solomon Burke — "Cry to Me" Petula Clark — "Don't Sleep in the Subway", "This Is My Song" Rosemary Clooney — "Come on a My House", "Half as Much", "Hey There", "This Ole House" Perry Como — "Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes", "Patricia", "Temptation" Ray Conniff, His Orchestra And Chorus — "Melody for Two Guitars" The Crickets — "Rave On! ", "That's My Desire" King Curtis & Al Caiola — "Guitar Boogie Shuffle" Bobby Darin — "Artificial Flowers", "Bill Bailey", "Dream Lover", "Mack the Knife", "Queen of the Hop", "Splish Splash", "That's All" Peter De Angelis Orchestra & Chorus featuring Al Caiola — "The Happy Mandolin" Fabian — "Tiger", "Turn Me Loose", "Hound Dog Man" Percy Faith — "The Theme from A Summer Place"
 Ferrante & Teicher — "Airport Love Theme", "Theme from Exodus"
 Eddie Fisher — "Any Time", "Dungaree Doll", "On the Street Where You Live", "Oh! album
 Andy Williams — "Butterfly", "Canadian Sunset" Joe Williams — "I Should Have Kissed Her More", "On the Sunny Side of the Street" Chuck Willis — "C. C. Rider" (also known as "See See Rider"), "Hang Up My Rock 'N' Roll Shoes", "What Am I Living For" Hugo Winterhalter — "Blue Tango", "Count Every Star"''

References

Citations

Cited sources

External links

1920 births
2016 deaths
American country guitarists
American jazz guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock guitarists
Musicians from Jersey City, New Jersey
RCA Victor artists
Savoy Records artists
United States Marines
Guitarists from New Jersey
20th-century American guitarists
Country musicians from New York (state)
Country musicians from New Jersey
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II

masks:
Alexander Emil Caiola
Caiola
Caiola
Caiola
Caiola
Caiola
Caiola
Alan
Alan
Alan
Alan
Al Caiola
Al Caiola


texts:
<mask> is an American legal scholar, author, activist, and media commentator. She is a professor of law and Dean's Distinguished Scholar at the University of Miami School of Law, where she teaches family law, criminal law, criminal procedure, and First Amendment law, and she serves as both president and legislative & tech policy director of the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative. Her scholarly work focuses on online harassment, free speech, discrimination, and violence. <mask> also writes for various news media outlets, including The Atlantic, The Guardian, The Independent, and the Daily Dot. She is a regular contributor to The Huffington Post. As a frequent legal commentator in the media on cyberlaw and criminal law issues, <mask> has been quoted in publications such as The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post, and The New Yorker, and she has appeared on the Today show, HuffPost Live, and Al Jazeera America. <mask> is a co-producer of the 2015 film Hot Girls Wanted, a documentary produced by the actress Rashida Jones that examines the "professional amateur" porn industry.<mask> is noted for her work advocating for legislative, technological, and social reform on the issue of nonconsensual pornography ("revenge porn"). She has been instrumental in drafting recent state legislation against the practice in the United States. She has worked with Congresswoman Jackie Speier on a federal criminal bill, the Intimate Privacy Protection Act (IPPA), which evolved into the ENOUGH Act, and again into the SHIELD Act. The SHIELD Act is now part of the Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2021, which the United States House of Representatives passed with bipartisan support in March 2021. <mask> also advises major tech companies on their privacy and abuse policies. In 2015, several major tech companies, most notably Google, announced that they would be adding sexually explicit images published without consent to their privacy and removal policies. In 2014, <mask> was named one of "The Heroes in the Fight to Save the Internet" by the Daily Dot.<mask> is the author of The Cult of the Constitution: Our Deadly Devotion to Guns and Free Speech, which went on to win a gold medal at the 2020 Independent Publisher Book Awards as well as the 2020 Association of American Publishers PROSE Awards for Legal Studies and Excellence in Social Sciences. Her second book, Fearless Speech, is expected in 2022. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Indiana to Kang Tu-Kwei, a Taiwanese woman, and <mask>, a white American World War II veteran who passed away when <mask> was two years old. After her father's death, <mask> spent the vast majority of her childhood in Pine Bluff, Arkansas, a location that <mask> has described as "not the most racially sensitive place." She attended Loyola University New Orleans and majored in philosophy and English literature, with a classics minor. Recognizing her academic promise, then-dean of arts and sciences Frank E. Scully encouraged <mask> to apply for the Rhodes Scholarship, which she was successfully awarded in December 1998. <mask> graduated summa cum laude from Loyola with her BA in May 1999 and enrolled at Oxford University that autumn, earning her MPhil in European literature, with distinction, in June 2001 and her DPhil in modern languages and literature in January 2004.Her examination field of continental philosophy, psychoanalytic theory, gender theory, and political theory culminated in her doctoral thesis, "Enjoying Women:  Sex, Psychoanalysis, and the Political." <mask> then went on to earn her JD from Harvard Law School, where she served as senior executive editor of the Harvard Journal of Law & Gender and executive editor of the Harvard Human Rights Journal. During her law school career, she also received awards including the Harvard Law School Association Alumnae Fellowship, Reginald Lewis International Internship, and Chayes International Public Service Fellow in 2005, as well as the National Association of Women Lawyers Outstanding Law School Student Award in 2007. <mask> graduated cum laude in 2007. Career
Between 2004 and 2005, <mask> taught courses in ethics, world religions, and introductory philosophy within the Department of Humanities at Quincy College, Massachusetts. During her time at Harvard Law School, <mask> clerked for the Office of the Prosecutor at the International Criminal Court the summer after her 1L year and at Debevoise & Plimpton the summer after her 2L year. She also worked from 2005 to 2008 as a lecturer for the Department of Social Studies and as a teaching fellow for the government, philosophy, and English departments.From 2008 to 2010, she was a Bigelow Fellow and lecturer in law at the University of Chicago Law School as well as a faculty affiliate for the Center for Gender Studies. In 2013, she served as a visiting professor at the University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain, and during the summer of 2018, she taught a course on cybercrime for New York Law School's summer abroad program in London. Since 2014, <mask> has worked in various capacities with the Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI), a nonprofit organization that seeks to combat cyber harassment, nonconsenual pornography, and online abuse through legislation, tech policy reform, and victim support:  she served as CCRI's vice president from 2014 to 2018 and succeeded CCRI founder Holly Jacobs as president in 2018. In addition to her consecutive terms of vice presidency and presidency, she has maintained the title of Legislative & Tech Policy Director since 2014. <mask> has been teaching law courses at the University of Miami School of Law since 2010. Between 2010 and 2015, <mask> served as an Associate Professor of Law and was promoted to a Professor of Law in 2015. In 2019, <mask> was recognized as a Dean's Distinguished Scholar for the Profession, an honor bestowed upon law faculty members whose scholarly contributions to the legal profession are significant and influential.Personal life
<mask> is Taiwanese-American. While <mask> is best known for her legal scholarship and activism, she is also an instructor in Krav Maga, a self-defense system developed for the military in Israel. On the topic of women's empowerment through honing self-defense skills, <mask> said, "Society puts a lot of focus on women as objects as opposed to women asserting their subject-hood. I’m concerned with ways that women can create a relationship with their bodies that’s about making them stronger, faster, as well as more secure." She is also a vocal proponent of hand-to-hand self-defense techniques over the use of firearms:  "What troubles me about Florida when it comes to the psychology of self-defense is that our answer for defending ourselves is always a gun. Krav Maga is a nuanced approach to defending oneself and protecting one’s space. You can respond effectively, but no one gets shot, no one dies."Selected works

 Articles

 Academic Scholarship

References

External links
Personal website

Loyola University New Orleans alumni
American Rhodes Scholars
Living people
Krav Maga practitioners
Harvard Law School alumni
University of Miami faculty
American feminist writers
American legal scholars
American activists
1977 births
American women of Asian descent

masks:
Mary Anne Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Mary Anne
Franks
Jesse Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks
Franks


texts:
<mask> (born 24 June 1965) is an Italian activist, television personality and actress. <mask> was a Communist Refoundation Party MP, belonging to The Union coalition led by Romano Prodi. She was the first openly transgender member of Parliament in Europe, and the world's second openly transgender MP after New Zealander Georgina Beyer. She lost her seat in the election of April 2008. In the 2006 general election, <mask> was elected to the Chamber of Deputies by the Lazio 1 constituency in Rome. She lost her seat in the 2008 election. After the retirement of Beyer and <mask>, there were no transgender MPs reported in the world, until 2011, when Anna Grodzka was elected to the Polish parliament.Biography

Born in Foggia, Apulia, Luxuria moved to Rome in 1985 to study foreign languages and literature. She also began to act, notably in cabaret, and through this developed her gender ambiguity as a hallmark. Her assumed surname, Luxuria, means lust in Latin. She earned her first acting credit in Cena alle nove by Paolo Breccia in 1991; and began organizing parties and gay pride events, becoming director of the Muccassassina, the self-financing party of the Circle of homosexual culture Mario Mieli. She graduated in foreign languages and literatures at University of Rome La Sapienza with a master thesis on Joseph Conrad. She organized Italy's first pride festival, in Rome on 2 June 1994, which attracted some ten thousand people. From 2001 to 2003 she toured Italian theatres with the musical Emotions co-starring with Sabrina Salerno and Ambra Angiolini.Her career as performer was not restricted to stage shows, and in 2005 she hosted a television show about nostalgia for 1980s music and culture on All Music. She also became well known for participating in charity organizations before making the transition to politics. Luxuria identifies using the English word "transgender" and prefers feminine pronouns, titles, and adjectives. She has stated on occasion that she perceives herself as neither male nor female. Upon entering parliament, she made the decision to stop wearing her trademark drag clothing – an extravagant cocktail of sequins, feather boas and bouffant wigs – saying that the legislature was "not a discothèque" and that, "It wouldn't be useful to provoke [people] in such a stupid way." After her bid for re-election failed in April 2008, Luxuria appeared on L'Isola dei Famosi, which has been described as "Italy's celebrity answer to Survivor." The show, which saw her pip Argentine model and showgirl Belen Rodriguez (former girlfriend of Italy footballer Marco Borriello) to first place in a public poll, took place in Honduras.Luxuria said of her victory that "The Italian public has shown itself to be more forward-looking than our politicians, who thought I would turn up in parliament dressed like (former porn-star politician) Cicciolina." Pledging to donate half of her €200,000 prize-money to charity, Luxuria chose UNICEF, saying "I know that I won't have children and I want to help disadvantaged children in my own way." She was chosen to host the 2012 edition of the Italian TV program L'Isola dei Famosi, on RaiDue. In 2017, in an interview with Mauro Leonardi for an Italian weekly (Novella 2000), told for the first time her conversion to Catholicism. The interview has aroused media hype and, during a broadcast on Rai1, she reiterated the content of her statements. Political life

Election in 2006

Although her Lazio 1 constituency was seen as a safe Communist seat, her election was not without difficulties, particularly after it was disclosed that she had been a sex worker for a time shortly after arriving in Rome due to the difficulty of finding a conventional job as a transgender individual. Clemente Mastella, the leader of the centrist UDEUR party (a fellow member of the coalition) called her "a ridiculous Cicciolina."Alessandra Mussolini, said, referring to Luxuria, that it was "better to be a fascist than a faggot" (meglio fascista che frocio). However, Luxuria's name was placed second on the list of Communist candidates for Lazio, after party leader Fausto Bertinotti, which increased her chances of being elected (Italy uses a system of proportional representation). During the election, she and another candidate were attacked by a group of fifteen people, allegedly including National Alliance politicians; they pelted her with fennel (in Italian finocchio, a word also meaning "faggot"). The politicians in question were suspended by AN; Luxuria criticized the police for the time it took for them to respond to the incident. Service
Her service in the Italian parliament got off to a rocky start, when in October 2006 Forza Italia MP Elisabetta Gardini insisted that she should not be allowed to use women's washrooms in the parliament building and called for the creation of a third washroom. Gardini described finding Luxuria presence there as a "sexual violence"; and later faced condemnations from coalition deputies for displaying prejudice tantamount to racism. Luxuria declared that she had used the toilets for years and that using the male lavatory would engender even greater problems.In the 2008 election, the Refoundation Communist Party joined a coalition of left-wing parties known as the Rainbow Left. However this group gained only 3.2% of the vote and lost all of its seats in parliament. Silvio Berlusconi's centre-right coalition swept to victory. Luxuria was not re-elected. Paolo Ferrero, then leader of the Communist Refoundation Party, said that he would be open to the idea of her returning to politics as a nominee for the 2009 European Parliament election after her win on L'Isola dei Famosi, but Luxuria said that she had no plans to re-enter politics. Gay rights
Luxuria has long been a strong advocate for gay rights and a participant in events promoting equality for homosexuals. She helped organize Italy's first gay pride festival in 1994 and continued her activism throughout her tenure as a politician; in May 2007, she took part in the second Muscovite gay pride parade.She used her prominence in Italian politics once elected as a platform for advocating gay rights. In the lead-up to her election, Luxuria made gay rights an issue of her campaign and felt herself to be a representative of the LGBT community, saying, "We don't want privileges – we want our rights." In addition, <mask> called for civil unions to be enabled for gay couples and for Italy to accommodate political asylum for "all gays who try to get into Italy from countries where homosexuality is punishable by death." Luxuria also campaigned prior to the elections for gays to have cohabitation rights, and had helped campaign by winning the support of Italy's left. Furthermore, <mask> outlined her long-term support for full gay marriage rights, comparable with Spain's implementation of the law. In September 2006, she stated that the Vatican's ongoing influence in politics, specifically in regards to gay marriage, contravened clauses of the Italian Constitution. <mask> reacted to Pope Benedict XVI's end-of-year speech in 2008, when he compared protecting the environment with saving humanity from a "blurring of gender" (homosexual or transsexual behaviour), by saying that such comments were "hurtful".Filmography

Films

Television

Theater
 Emozioni (2001–2003)
 Che fine ha fatto Cenerentola? (2003)
 One Drag Show (2003)
 Male di Luna (2004)
 My name is Silvia (2005)
 Persone naturali e strafottenti (2010)
 La donna uomo (2010)
 Morning has broken - Una vita spezzata (2010)
 Si sdrai perfavore (2011 - 2012)

Bibliography

 Chi ha paura della muccassassina? Il mio mondo in discoteca e viceversa, Bompiani, 2007
 Le favole non dette, Bompiani, 2009
 Eldorado, Bompiani, 2011
 L'Italia migliore, Bompiani, 2013

Discography

 Der Traurige, in Hey Roma! (Klang Records - klg 003 - 1989)

References

External links
 <mask>
 "Meglio fascista che frocio" A short passage of the video showing the quarrel between Mussolini and Luxuria. (as <mask>)
  (as Wladimiro Guadagno)

1965 births
People from Foggia
Living people
Transgender and transsexual politicians
Communist Refoundation Party politicians
Transgender and transsexual women
LGBT politicians from Italy
Italian actor-politicians
LGBT rights activists from Italy
Survivor (franchise) winners
Participants in Italian reality television series
LGBT legislators

masks:
Vladimir Luxuria
Luxuria
Luxuria
Luxuria
Luxuria
Luxuria
Luxuria
Vladimir Luxuria
Vladimir Luxuria


texts:
<mask> (, ; March 6, 1963) is an Iranian film, stage, TV, and radio actor/director

Early life and education
<mask> was born in Shahrud, Iran. He graduated from Radio acting school in Iran, and studied Acting with Hamid Samandarian. He started his professional acting career by playing as Oceanus, in Prometheus Bound tragedy and performed in many notable roles on stage. He went on to film work, beginning with 2001 Inventor, followed by What's Up? and My Eyes for You. Hakimi, had successful performances in many Television series including Asleep & Awake, Love province, Paternal House, Passenger, Evil Mind, and The Gradual Death of a Dream. In 2007 he won the 24th Fajr International Theater Festival award for best performance in the leading role, for the role of Bahman Ahang in the Melody of the Rainy City drama, written by Akbar Radi.Small Heaven Directed by "Masoud Rasam"
Played in Mr.Paranoid (1989) a.k.a. Mr.Dollar Directed by "Majid Beheshti"
Played in Section Four: Surgery (1988) Directed by "Masoud Froutan"
Played in Agate (1988)  Directed by "Hamid Tamjidi"
Played in Night Raven (1988) Directed by "Hossein Mokhtari"

Teleplays

 Played in Le Sexe et le néant (2009)  Directed by "Hadi Marzban"
 Played in Long Shadows (1987) Directed by "Djavad Pishgar"
 Played in Khosro Parviz's Nightmare (1986) Directed by "Hooshang Tavakolli"

Stage dramas

Stage acting

 Played in Staircase (2012) Directed by "Hadi Marzban"
 Played in The Lady of Water and Mirror (2011) Directed by "Hossein Parsaei"
 Played in Melody of the Rainy City (2006) Directed by "Hadi Marzban"
Played in Slowly with Roses (1988) Directed by "Hadi Marzban"
 Played in Antigone (1987) Directed by "Majid Djafari"
 Played in Act on Stage (1986) Directed by "Hossein Mokhtari"
 Played in One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest (1986) Directed by "Manizhe Mohamedi"
 Played in A Memory of Two Mondays (1985) Directed by "Majid Djafari"
 Played in Don't Be An Idiot, General!

masks:
Danial Hakimi
Hakimi


texts:
<mask> (June 9, 1760, hacienda Ciénega del Rincón Jalisco – October 4, 1808, Mexico City) was a New Spain lawyer and politician and a proponent of independence from Spain. He was imprisoned by the Spanish authorities for his advocacy, and died in prison. He is considered one of the protomartyrs of Mexican independence. Born at the hacienda of Ciénega del Rincón in what is now the Municipality of Ojuelos de Jalisco in the State of Jalisco but was then under the jurisdiction the village of Santa María de los Lagos (nowadays Lagos de Moreno); from the religious point of view, the hacienda of Ciénega del Rincón, belonged to the Parish Church of the actual city of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes. <mask> studied in the College of San Ildefonso in Mexico City, graduating as a lawyer. He was a student of the American and French Revolutions, and of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. His friend and comrade Licenciado <mask> later described him as a "true scholar" (sabio).In 1808, he was a member of the Cabildo (city council) of the ayuntamiento (city government) in the capital of the viceroyalty. He was a Criollo by virtue of his birth in America, and a prominent member of the Criollo party in government. Criollos were prominent in the agitation for autonomy or independence from Spain, and this agitation was increasing. The Cabildo of Mexico City was composed of professional men, Criollos. It is possible that <mask> <mask> was also a member of one of the secret societies working for the independence of the colony, but that is not known with certainty. Independence of Mexico

On March 19, 1808, at the summer palace of Aranjuez, King Carlos IV of Spain was forced to abdicate a court faction that removed Prime Minister <mask>e Fernado as Fernando VII.Napoleon's troops occupied Madrid and he invited Carlos IV and Fernando VII to Bayonne, France, where he forced both to abdicate in favor of his brother Joseph Bonaparte in May 1808. News of this second abdication was received in Mexico on July 11, 1808. The way now seemed open for the Criollo, party to achieve autonomy for New Spain. An old Spanish law was invoked that in the absence of the head of state, sovereignty reverts to the people, expressed through their representatives in the Cortes. The application of this law would allow a legal route for New Spain to weaken its ties with Spain. This was arguably an attempt to preserve the monarchical constitution in the face of foreign aggression, rather than a subversion of it. On July 19, councilmen Azcárate y <mask> and <mask> <mask> presented a plan to form a provisional, governing junta for an autonomous New Spain, with Viceroy <mask> <mask> at its head.The justification for this was that the mother country was now occupied by foreign troops, and the royal family was being held prisoner. The plan was accepted by the viceroy and the Cabildo, but not by the Audiencia. (Just as the Cabildo was dominated by liberal Criollos, the Audiencia was dominated by conservative Peninsulares, large landowners and wealthy businessmen born in Spain.) On August 9, 1808, at a meeting of Notables called to debate the situation, <mask> <mask> spoke in favor of popular sovereignty. Some of the oidores (members of the Audiencia) spoke in rebuttal, declaring the proposal seditious and subversive. Inquisitor Bernardo Prado <mask> declared it heresy and anathema. The Notables adopted an intermediate position — New Spain would recognize no supreme authority other than the king of Spain, now considered to be Ferdinand VII.On August 31, 1808, the crisis took a sharper turn with the arrival of Juan Gabriel Jabat, representative of the Junta of Seville, and a message from the Junta of Asturias. Both juntas requested New Spain's recognition as the legitimate government of Spain, thus providing evidence of the lack of any legitimate government in the country. On September 1, 1808, Melchor <mask>, a Peruvian priest and the intellectual leader of the Criollo party, delivered two tracts to the Cabildo, in favor of separation from Spain and the convoking of a Mexican congress. On September 15, 1808, the Spaniards opposed to independence and popular sovereignty, headed by the rich businessman Gabriel J<mask> Yermo, staged a coup. Viceroy <mask> was deposed and <mask> <mask>, Melchor <mask> and other members of the Criollo party were arrested. The viceroy was replaced with General <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> and others were imprisoned in the jail of the archbishop, subject to trial.With this seizure of power, Yermo and the Peninsulares initiated a "half century of uprisings and coups d'état", in both colonial and independent Mexico (Fuentes Mares, p. 81). Death

On October 4, 1808, <mask> <mask> was found dead in his cell, of suicide or murder. Circumstances suggested the latter and poison was suspected, but that was never proven. Today in Mexico <mask> <mask> <mask> is revered as one of the protomartyrs of Mexican independence. Notes

References
 "<mask> y <mask>, <mask> <mask>," Enciclopedia de México, v. 14. Mexico City, 1988. Fuentes Mares, José.Biografía de una nación: <mask> a López Portillo. Mexico City: Océano, 1982. <mask> <mask> y <mask>, <mask>, "Memoria Póstuma", en Genaro García, Documentos Históricos Mexicanos, v. II. Mexico City: Comisión Nacional para la Celebración del 175 Aniversario de la Independencia Nacional y 75 Aniversario de la Revolución Mexicana, 1985. Lancaster-Jones, Ricardo; "Primo Verdad, Jalisciense Neto", Gaceta de Guadalajara, No. 228, 1959, pp. 8–14.External links
 Biography and analysis
 Short biography
 Biography

Colonial Mexico
1760 births
1808 deaths
Mexican people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Spanish detention
Politicians from Jalisco

masks:
Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos
Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos
Juan Francisco Azcárate y Ledma
Primo
de Verdad
Godoyfant
Ledesma
Primo
Verdad
José de
Iturrigaray
Primo
de Verdad
y Ovejero
de Talamantes
. de
Iturrigaray
Primo
de Verdad
de Talamantes
Pedro de
Garibay
Primo
de Verdad
Primo
de Verdad
Francisco Primo
de Verdad
y Ramos
Verdad
Ramos
Francisco Primo
de
de Coés
Primo
de Verdad
Ramos
Francisco


texts:
<mask> (5 February 1920 – 3 March 2007), also known as Mien van Trouw, was a social worker and member of the Dutch Resistance who rescued dozens of Jewish children who were at risk of persecution and deportation by Nazi officials during World War II. She also played a role in the development of the Dutch newspaper, Trouw, as one of its earliest employees. She was declared to be Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem on 7 June 1992 for her rescue of Jewish children during the war. Formative years
Born in the village of Gees in the Netherlands province of Drenthe on 5 February 1920, <mask> was a daughter of the Rev. J. J. Bouwman. Sometime around the start of World War II, the family resided in Almelo; their father had been forced into hiding for forbidding a prominent member of the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (the National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands or NSB) from taking part in religious services related to an evening meal. World War II
<mask> found love during the early years of World War II with Willem Pieter (“Wim”) Speelman (1919-1945), one of the organizers of Trouw (“True” or “Allegiance”), an orthodox Protestant underground newspaper which was published illegally in violation of Nazi laws prohibiting the free operation of independent press outlets.An economics student at the Vrije Universiteit (Free University), Speelman had been involved with the Dutch Resistance since 1940, writing content for resistance advocacy pamphlets, as well as with Vrij Nederland (Free the Netherlands). Under increasing scrutiny by Dutch and German officials, Speelman was forced to go into hiding on 20 April 1941 when that scrutiny turned into a wave of arrests at Trouw. Bouwman would later recall that his date of departure proved ironic since it fell on Adolf Hitler's birthday. By 1942, Bouwman and Speelman were engaged. Afterward, they went into hiding in Groningen; Bouwman then also became active with Trouws work on behalf of the Dutch Resistance. Using the alias “Mien van Trouw,” she joined Trouw'''s “verspreiders,” a group of couriers who covertly distributed the newspaper and confidential messages to resistance supporters. Carrying the materials from Amsterdam to Groningen twice weekly, she risked her life more and more with each trip because Dutch and German officials had declared that involvement with anti-Nazi newspapers was punishable by death.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007.Bak, Peter.Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw. By the summer of 1943, she and Speelman were also actively engaged in the rescue of Jewish children who were at risk of persecution and deportation by Nazi officials. Among those participating in this network was Hetty Voûte.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007.Bak, Peter. Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw. According to Yad Vashem, just prior to beginning a massive July 1942 action in Amsterdam, Nazi authorities and their Dutch collaborators had designated the Hollandsche Schouwburg, a Jewish Theater there, as the main holding area for the targeted families. As this round up and subsequent actions progressed, children were separated from their parents and moved across the street to "the Crèche – what had been a day care center for the children of mostly Jewish working mothers." The parents were then taken to the Nazi transit camp at Westerbork, and held there until transported by cattle car to a death camp.In 1943, using her alias, “Mien van Trouw,” <mask> Bouwman became active with the ongoing Crèche rescues. Picking up children in Amsterdam on her return from courier trips for Trouw, she transported those children to safe houses located in Friesland and Groningen. Additional rescue trips were also undertaken to Drenthe and Overijssel. In one case, she escorted Barend Stempel on a dangerous train trip north. After dropping the two-year-old off at a temporary shelter, she was able to return home safely.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 5, 2007. By September 1943, as child rescues from the Crèche declined, <mask> Bouwman resumed her covert activities for Trouw. Three months later, her fiancé was arrested, but then managed to escape on 30 December.In January 1944, they relocated to Amsterdam in order to facilitate new resistance activities. A year later, her fiancé was arrested when the Sicherheitsdienst (also known as the “SD”) raided the printing office of Trouw on Amsterdam's Lijnbaansgracht. Just over two weeks later, Wim Speelman was executed. He was just 26 years old when he died at Halfweg on 19 February 1945. Soldiering on, <mask> Bouwman (aka “Mien van Trouw”) took over her fiancé's former job with the newspaper. Ten weeks later, she oversaw the publication of Trouws 5 May 1945 Liberation edition.Mien van Trouw overladen, Trouw, March 3, 2007.Bak, Peter. Ze moest wel meedoen aan de verzetsstrijd, Trouw.Post-war life
Following her nation's liberation from its occupation by Germany and the end of World War II, <mask> Bouwman left her newspaper work behind, and became a social worker at the Stichting Gezinszorg in Kennemerland. She also married and was widowed by fellow former Trouw courier Gerrit Dijkstra. Later, she wed for a second time, marrying Henk Vooren and becoming Wilhelmina Vooren-Bouwman.Vooren, Wilhelmina, Righteous Among the Nations, Yad Vashem. She also served as a board member of the Christian Press Foundation. Reportedly “annoyed” with the “anti-revolutionary” stance of her former employer, she welcomed the change in the publication's tone in later years, according to Trouw. In 1977, she began work with the '40-'45 Foundation, a position she held until her 1985 retirement. An elder of the Reformed Church, she was also active with her local Council of Churches.Mien van Trouw, Trouw, December 31, 2007.Death and burial
Wilhelmina Vooren-Bouwman (aka "Mien van Trouw") died in Bennebroek, North Holland, Netherlands at the age of 87 on 3 March 2007.Mien van Trouw, Trouw, December 31, 2007. Awards
She was declared to be Righteous Among the Nations by Yad Vashem on 7 June 1992 for her rescue of David de La Penha and Barend Stempel. Her name was inscribed on the Wall of Honor (Netherlands) in the Garden of the Righteous Among the Nations on the Mount of Remembrance in Jerusalem, Israel.Vooren, Wilhelmina, Righteous Among the Nations,  Yad Vashem. References

 External resources
 "The Illegal Press". Amsterdam, Netherlands: Dutch Resistance Museum. The Righteous Among the Nations (database). Jerusalem, Israel: Yad Vashem.“Trouw.” Nationaal Comité 4 en 5 mei 2018: Jaar van Verzet (National Committee of 2018: Year of the Resistance). “Waken over de naam van oom Wim, oprichter van Trouw” (“Watch over the name of Uncle Wim, founder of Trouw”). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Trouw'', January 30, 2018. Dutch Righteous Among the Nations
Female resistance members of World War II
Women in war in the Netherlands
Dutch resistance members
1920 births
2007 deaths
20th-century Dutch women

masks:
Willemiena Bouman
Willemiena Bouman
Willemiena Bouman
Willemiena
Willemiena
Willemiena
Willemiena


texts:
<mask> (September 30, 1822 – December 4, 1884) was the 10th Mayor of San Francisco who served from July 1, 1863, to December 1, 1867. He was one of the most versatile men ever to hold the office, having previously worked as a teacher, doctor, lawyer, druggist and businessman. <mask> was born on September 30, 1822, in Columbia County, New York, the youngest of 13 children, and was raised in the Presbyterian church. His parents sent him to Claverack Academy, near Hudson, New York, where he spent two or three years. He then attended Williams College where he graduated with the class of 1844. After college, he was the superintendent of Claverack Academy for a short time before beginning studies for the ministry. After about a year, his biography records that a severe cold settled into his throat that spoiled his voice for public speaking, which he ultimately regained in California's milder climate.At that point, he selected medicine as his profession. After receiving his medical degree from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1848, he returned to Hudson, New York where he married Ruthetta Folger on September 18, 1849. He then established a medical practice in Syracuse, New York. In 1853, he left for California, leaving his wife and infant daughter behind for the time being, although they joined him the following year. He and Ruthetta ultimately had four children: three sons and a daughter. After arriving in San Francisco in 1853, he established a new medical practice, complete with an apothecary shop and a chemical-importing company. Coon also participated in organizing manufacturing and wholesale vinegar businesses.He was an active member of San Francisco's Vigilance Committee of 1856. When the Vigilance Committee transformed itself into a political party called the Peoples' Party later that year, he was the party's nominee for police judge. He was elected to the judgeship on November 4, 1856, receiving 8,706 votes out of 11,038 cast. Coon established a reputation for being tough on criminals (compared to the previous attitude of leniency toward them). Coon also gained notoriety for refusing to stop a duel between California Supreme Court Justice David S. Terry and U.S. Senator David C. Broderick, in which Broderick was killed. At the end of his second term in 1860, <mask> stepped down from the post to return to his medical practice.In early 1861, he and his family traveled to the East Coast but returned to San Francisco late that year when he again resumed the practice of medicine. <mask> reluctantly ran for mayor in 1863 after being approached by the People's Party, winning by nearly a thousand votes in the election of May 16, 1863. While he spent his first two years in office with ceremonial duties, including participating in the opening of the Bank of California, and leading a procession through the streets after President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, his second two-year term would be quite traumatic. In the same election in which <mask> was first elected, there had been a bond measure known as the Railroad Subscription Act. The measure—which easily passed—called for the city government to issue $650,000 in bonds for an equal amount of stock in the Central Pacific Railroad Company. <mask>, at first, refused to issue the bonds. After the railroad company obtained an injunction ordering him to do so, he acquiesced.He also opposed William Ralston's plan to extend Montgomery Street past Howard Street in the South of Market area, even though he helped Ralston open the Bank of California. Ralston had bought land south of the intersection and had obtained approval from the Board of Supervisors. However, after <mask>'s veto, Ralston had to content himself with building the Palace Hotel. <mask> also turned his energies to adorning the city. He hired a crew to survey a very sandy area in the western part of the city. This sandy area would be the site of Golden Gate Park. On April 3, 1865, by order of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, <mask> became ex officio President of the city's Board of Health.After leaving office in 1867, he did not resume the practice of medicine but engaged in the insurance business as well as dealing in real estate. He amassed enough wealth to purchase two large ranches, one of them became part of the campus of Stanford University. In 1868, he was appointed by the Governor to the office of Tide Lands Commissioner. In 1870–71, he and his family visited Great Britain and many parts of continental Europe. His wife, Ruthetta, died in 1877 and he remarried the next year to the widow of a Navy doctor. <mask> died of heart failure on December 4, 1884, at Ralston's Palace Hotel. In reporting his death, the Daily Alta California newspaper of San Francisco noted that "throughout his career in this city he has been conspicuous as an energetic citizen in local enterprises, with strong executive ability, conservative business principles, and the firmest integrity in all his transactions.In private life he was highly esteemed as a gentleman of kind sociability and true friendship. The activity and usefulness of his life was unbroken from the days of the pioneers up to yesterday. "<ref>Daily Alta California”, December 5, 1884, archived at the UCR Center for Bibliographical Studies and Research, California Digital Newspaper Collection https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DAC18841205.2.23&srpos=30&dliv=none&e=-------en--20-DAC-21--txt-txIN-Coon-------1%2f accessed March 3, 2019</ref>

He is interred at the Mountain View Cemetery in Oakland, California. Sources
 Heintz, William F., San Francisco's Mayors:  1850-1880. From the Gold Rush to the Silver Bonanza. Woodside, CA:  Gilbert Roberts Publications, 1975. (Library of Congress Card No.75-17094)
 <mask>, H.I., Life of <mask><mask>'', unpublished manuscript c.1885, in the California State Library, California History Room, Sacramento, California

References

External links
The Political Graveyard
San Francisco's Alcades and Mayors

1822 births
1884 deaths
Mayors of San Francisco
California Populists
People from Columbia County, New York
Williams College alumni
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland, California)
People's Party (United States) elected officials
19th-century American politicians

masks:
Henry Perrin Coon
Coon
Coon
Coon
Coon
Coon
Coon
Coon
Mayor Coon
Coon
Coon
Henry P
. Coon


texts:
<mask> (, , 5 May 1936 – 29 March 2007) was a Ukrainian painter, graphic artist, designer, Honored Artist of Ukraine, and professor, known for watercolor paintings, graphics, design, medal art. Winner of Nikolai Ostrovsky Premium in 1986. Life

<mask> was born on 5 May 1936 in small village of Kustine, Sumy region, Ukrainian SSR (now Ukraine). Father <mask> (1896–1947) was a railroad worker, fought in the Red Army during World War II, was wounded and died shortly after the war ended. Mother – <mask> (Radchenko) (1898-19??). The family had six children. Two older brothers died during the Holodomor of the 1930s.The elder brother Danilo <mask>, went missing in November 1943. Prior to that he was awarded two medals "For Courage". After the war, the older sisters Galina, Maria and the youngest <mask> lived with their mother. Following his education at the Leningrad Vera Mukhina Higher School of Art and Design (1957-1963), <mask> <mask> worked as an art-designer of the "Ukrdipromebli" Institute and the Institute of Technical Aesthetics in Kyiv (1964–1967). <mask> was a chief artist of the "Ukrtorgreklama" (1966–1973). He has been the member of the Ukrainian Artists Union since 1967. <mask> is an author of the Khreshchatyk street holiday lighting (1967–1977).<mask> <mask> created a series of lamps for public institutions; musical instruments for Chernihiv and Zhytomyr musical factories (in particular, the famous piano "Ukraine"); children's wooden toys and souvenirs, which were produced in the 1960-1970s at the Chernihiv and Kyiv factories. Radio receivers "Olimpik", "Olimpik-401" are designed by <mask> <mask> (1977). <mask> is an author of cutlery made of gold and silver, souvenirs made by the "Ukrsamotsvity" jewelry factory, watch design, filmoscopes, loudspeakers, and other household products. They are copyrighted and produced since the 1970s, some were produced up to the 2000s. Since the 1980s, <mask> <mask> has been engaged in environmental and landscape design. Comprehensive presentation of Ukraine at the 12th World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow, 1985 (M. Ostrovsky Prize, 1986). Small architectural forms and history museum in Varva (1986–1990).Memorial "Defenders of the Motherland" in Borova (1987). Belgorod Central Park (Russia, 1988), ukrainian-russian restaurant in Dubai (UAE, 1996), etc. In the field of graphics, M<mask> developed the corporate style of the "Science" club of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1980–1983). He is an author of series of commemorative medals and badges for Kiev radio plant "Slavutich" (1982–1989). In 1992 <mask> <mask> received the honorary title of Honored Artist of Ukraine. In 1999 in tight competition M<mask> became the author of the state award Order "For Courage" and about twenty departmental awards. In 1999 he was nominated for the honorary title of People's Artist of Ukraine.Watercolor paintings of <mask> <mask> are among the best created in this technique by contemporary artists. Are written alla prima, extremely transparent, passionate and at the same time are in logical design, rhythm and composition. Both in painting and in design <mask> <mask> does not copy the objects of nature, but expresses the regularities by all means available. Watercolor paintings were exhibited at numerous personal and group exhibitions. Paintings by M<mask> can be found in private collections throughout the US, United Kingdom, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Canada, Ukraine, Germany, United Arab Emirates, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, Russia and others. During last years of life, <mask> <mask> passed on his skills to students of the Institute of Interior Design and Landscape (National Academy of Government Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts). He died at his home in Kiev on 29 March 2007, surrounded by his family.Selected works

 a series of watercolor paintings in own exquisite technique. ;

Author of state and departmental awards of Ukraine

 Order "For Courage", 3 classes (1995, State Award of Ukraine)
 Honorary award of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs)
 Honorary award "For achievement"  (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs)
 Honorary award "The best fire brigade worker" (1995, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine)
 Honorary award "Security Service of Ukraine" (1996,

masks:
Mykola Lebid
Mykola Lebid
– Yakiv Lebid
Eudokia Lebid
Lebid
Mykola
Mykola
Lebid
Lebid
Mykola
Mykola
Lebid
Mykola
Lebid
Lebid
Mykola
Lebid
. Lebid
Mykola
Lebid
. Lebid
Mykola
Lebid
Mykola
Lebid
. Lebid
Mykola
Lebid


texts:
 Security Service of Ukraine)
 Honorary award "Cross of Glory" (1997, Ministry of Internal Affairs)
 Honorary award "Honorary Border Guard of Ukraine", logo, souvenirs (1997, State Border Guard Service)
 Honorary jubilee award of the Supreme Arbitration Court of Ukraine (2001, Supreme Arbitration Court of Ukraine)
 Medal "For courage in protecting the state border of Ukraine" (2000, State Border Guard Service)
 Medal "For Impeccable Service", 4 classes (2002, State Border Guard Service)
 Peacekeeping Medal (2003, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defence)

Citations

General sources
This article is a partial translation of the corresponding article in the Ukrainian Wikipedia, :uk:Лебідь Микола Якович

 Ігор Кромф. Наймасовіша нагорода за подвиги: 25 років ордену «За мужність» // Прямий - 2020, 29 квітня
 Селівачов М.// Микола Лебідь: акварель, дизайн, геральдика - К.: ВХ [Студіо], 2006
 Селівачов М., Микола Лебідь // Ант. Вип. 16-18. — К., 2006. — С.107
 Сопов О., Торгоненко А.. // Енциклопедичне видання "Нагороди МВС України" - 2016 - С.8-12, 14-19, 52-55, 66
 Сопов О., Торгоненко А.. Піонери відомчих відзнак // Іменем закону.- 2011-03-31, №13
 Лазаренко В. Історія створення медалі «За мужність в охороні державного кордону України» // Нумізматика і Фалеристика. - 2008, N21. Лазаренко В. Почесна Відзнака Президента України - від відзнаки до державної нагороди (1992-2002 рр.) // Нумізматика і Фалеристика. - 2008, N22. Николай Яковлевич Лебедь. Фотоальбом // в журн.«Ландшафт плюс». - М. - 2005, №1. Геральдика як засіб відродження історичних традицій України // 24 карати. - 2005. - Осінь-зима. Вольвач П., Ляшко В.. Радіожурнал “Віта Нова”: Художник Микола Лебідь (з аудіозаписом радіоефіру) // Радіо Свобода - 18 травня 2004
 Микола Лебідь // Хто є хто.Київ та регіони. - 2003-2005. - Випуск V, VI. Walter Belanger. Mykola Lebid // Contempoartukraine. Kyiv Pechersk Lavra Studios — Ukraine, Contempoartukraine, 2004, #3 — p. 28-33 (in English and Ukrainian)
 Довідник членів Національної спілки художників України - К., 2003. С.189
 Тимченко С. Легкокрила творчість // Київський Політехнік.- 2002. - 18 квітня. Лазаренко В. Из истории награждения за выслугу лет (Пограничные войска Украины, 2002 г.) // Нумізматика і Фалеристика. - 2002, №4. Загородня 3. Пензлем крилатої душі // Міліція України.- 2000, №4. Никитюк І. Нова прикордонна символіка та її автор // Кордон. -1999, №1. Відзнаки Президента України. К. Мистецтво. -1999. Загородня 3.І музикою пензель обізветься // Київська правда. - 1998. - 19-25 березня. Довідник членів Спілки художників України - К., 1998. С.83
 Бузало В. Відзнаки особливого ґатунку. Історія створення // Міліція України. - 1997, №1.Куфрик Б. Як народжуються державні нагороди? // Експрес. - 1997. - 3-11 травня. Нерод В. Автор почетных знаков отличия и наград //День. - 1997. - 5 апреля.Нерод В. Поєднання знання і таланту// Іменем закону. - 1997. -17 січня. Нагороди України. Історія, факти, документи. У 3-х томах. - К.- 1996, т.З. Пацера Н. «Остепеняются» и множатся президентские награды // Киевские ведомости. - 1996. -24 мая. Бузало В. Нагороди незалежної України //Українська Газета. - 1996.- 22 лютого. Нет ордена в своем отечестве? // Киевские ведомости. - 1995. - 27 апреля. Пам’ятки України. Спеціальний випуск на замовлення Президента України.1995. №2, стор.15
 Чеберяко Н. «І на тім рушничкові...» //Вечерний Киев. - 1986.-9 октября. Шуйская Г. Приглашает «рушник» //Правда Украины. -1985.-25 июля. Фоменко К. Приглашает «рушничок» //Комсомольское знамя.- 1985. - 27 июля. Петруня О. «Рушник» запрошує гостей // Прапор комунізму. -1985. - 28 липня. Шуйская Г. Приглашает рушничок // Правда (Москва).- 1985. - 25 июня. Довідник «Українські радянські художники» - К., Мистецтво, 1972. С.256

External links
 instagram official @mykola.lebid.art
 facebook official @Mykola.Lebid.Art
 Entry in artchive.ru
 Entry in socrealizm.com.ua
 Entry in the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine
 Entry in the Encyclopedia "Kyiv and the regions. Who Is Who 2004–2005. VI issue" - Kyiv 2005

Ukrainian painters
Ukrainian artists
Ukrainian contemporary artists
21st-century Ukrainian painters
21st-century male artists
20th-century Ukrainian painters
20th-century male artists
Ukrainian watercolourists
Ukrainian male painters
Ukrainian designers
Vera Mukhina Institute alumni
Soviet painters
1936 births
2007