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is a Japanese professional wrestler and former boxer and mixed martial artist currently signed to All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW). Yamamoto started his professional wrestling career under his real name in October 2002 with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), where he remained until 2007, when he signed with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). In 2009, Yamamoto left WWE's developmental territory to join the promotion's main roster under the ring name . After his June 2014 release from WWE, Yamamoto returned to NJPW the following October, performing under the tweaked ring name . Following his departure from NJPW in late 2017, Yamamoto became a freelancer, and started working most notably for All Japan Pro Wrestling, who he signed full time for in 2020. Professional wrestling career

New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2002–2007)
With a sports background in boxing and jujutsu, Yamamoto passed an audition held by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) in September 2001 and began training professional wrestling at the promotion's dojo the following March. During his training, Yamamoto also travelled to Los Angeles to train at the local NJPW dojo.Yamamoto made his in-ring debut on October 12, 2002, facing Wataru Inoue in Korakuen Hall. Initially Yamamoto worked low card matches for NJPW, normally on the losing side to gain ring experience. On December 27, 2003, Yamamoto lost to Ryusuke Taguchi in a chance at a match on NJPW's most prestigious show, the January 4 Dome Show Wrestling World. Yamamoto participated in the 2004 Young Lion Cup where he defeated Hirooki Goto, Akiya Anzawa, and Hiroshi Nagao to earn a total of six points, not enough to qualify for the finals. Yamamoto also participated in the 2005 Young Lion Cup where he only won one match, defeating Yujiro. In 2006, Yamamoto participated in his first G1 Climax tournament, losing all four matches. Yamamoto teamed up with Manabu Nakanishi to compete in the 2006 G1 Tag League, defeating Giant Bernard and Travis Tomko to earn their sole victory in the tournament.On January 8, 2006, Yamamoto and Osamu Nishimura defeated Toru Yano and a returning Togi Makabe. Over the summer of 2007 Yamamoto began teaming regularly with Hiroshi Tanahashi forming a team called "New Japan Dragons", earning a match for the IWGP Tag Team Championship against the then champions, Bernard and Tomko, albeit in a losing effort. For the 2007 G1 Tag League Yamamoto teamed up with Takashi Ilzuka, while they defeated three teams (Hirooki Goto and Milano Collection A.T., Togi Makabe and Toru Yano, and Giant Bernard and Travis Tomko); the team ended up in last place. On November 2, 2007 Yamamoto wrestled his last match for NJPW, teaming with his mentor Yuji Nagata in a losing effort against Tomohiro Ishii and Toru Yano. World Wrestling Entertainment/WWE

Florida Championship Wrestling (2007–2009)

In late 2007, Yamamoto was signed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) to a full-time contract, which meant that he had to relocate to the United States. He immediately was assigned to WWE's developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling (FCW), to undergo assessment and training in the "WWE style" of wrestling. Initially he wrestled as Mr. Yamamoto, then simply as Yamamoto.He briefly teamed with Sheamus O'Shaunessy under the team name The Movers and the Shakers. Later on, he changed his ring name to <mask>, before tweaking the spelling to <mask> <mask>. <mask>su is Yamamoto's father's given name. Brand switches (2009–2011)
On June 30, 2009, Yamamoto joined the ECW brand under the ring name <mask> <mask>. He had his first match that night, defeating Shelton Benjamin, although he lost a rematch to Benjamin on the July 9 episode of ECW. On the October 20 episode of ECW, <mask> defeated Zack Ryder to become number one contender for the ECW Championship, although he failed to win the championship the following week against Christian. On the December 22 episode of ECW, <mask> <mask> defeated Jack Swagger to earn a spot in the ECW Homecoming battle royal, the winner of which would challenge Christian for the ECW title at the Royal Rumble.On the January 12 episode of ECW, however, <mask> was not able to win the battle royal when he was eliminated by Kane. At the Royal Rumble, <mask> competed in his first Royal Rumble match, but was eliminated by John Cena. <mask> then formed a tag team with Goldust and the duo became the number one contenders for the Unified WWE Tag Team Championship but failed in capturing the titles on the final episode of ECW. After the ECW brand was discontinued, <mask> made his debut on the Raw brand on the February 22, 2010 episode of Raw, where he teamed up with Evan Bourne and Kofi Kingston to defeat The Legacy (Randy Orton, Ted DiBiase, and Cody Rhodes), after Orton turned on his partners. <mask> won a 26-man battle royal in the dark match to open WrestleMania XXVI by last eliminating Zack Ryder. In July 2010, <mask> had a few backstage brawls with The Nexus, trying to help John Cena get rid of them, which he did not. After months off WWE television, <mask> returned on the November 11 episode of Superstars, defeating Zack Ryder.On the November 29 episode of Raw, <mask> teamed with Mark Henry to defeat WWE Tag Team Champions Justin Gabriel and Heath Slater, after a distraction by John Cena. The following week on Raw, <mask> and Henry received a shot at the titles in a fatal four-way elimination tag team match, which also included The Usos and Santino Marella and Vladimir Kozlov. They were the first team eliminated. On the February 14 episode of Raw, Maryse and DiBiase were about to kiss, but Maryse instead kissed <mask>. On the February 24 episode of Superstars, during the match between Daniel Bryan and Ted DiBiase, <mask> came out and gave Maryse flowers, which Maryse hit DiBiase with, allowing Bryan to defeat DiBiase. <mask> failed at a chance to earn a World Heavyweight Championship shot in a 20-man number one contenders battle royal. On April 26, <mask> was drafted to the SmackDown brand as part of the 2011 supplemental draft.He only had two matches on SmackDown in 2011; a number one contenders battle royal for the World Heavyweight Championship and an "All I Want for Christmas" battle royal, the winner of which would receive one wish. Last feuds (2011–2014)

<mask> was a WWE Pro for the fifth season of NXT, also known as NXT Redemption, and his Rookie was Byron Saxton. On the April 26 episode of NXT, <mask> was attacked by Saxton after <mask> cost his match against Lucky Cannon. This caused tension between the two until the May 17 episode of NXT, when <mask> defeated Saxton. On the May 31 episode of NXT, Saxton was the second rookie eliminated. <mask> then began a feud with fellow NXT Pro Tyson Kidd, whose rookie was also eliminated, when Kidd broke <mask>'s toy figurine of himself and stole one of its legs. They traded wins during their feud, and <mask> reclaimed the leg by winning a Necklace on a Pole match on the July 26 episode of NXT.After the match, Kidd assaulted <mask>'s right leg, taking him off NXT for over a month. However, over the next few weeks, the Kanji word for "pride" appeared on the TitanTron to distract Kidd during his matches – a message from <mask>. He returned on the September 6 episode of NXT, where he debuted black tights emblazoned with Kanji characters and the Japanese flag, his small lock of blond hair dyed red and half his face painted. He defeated Kidd on that episode to end the feud. <mask> later explained that his new look and wrestling style were because he wanted to better portray Japanese culture, Japanese pride and the aggressive style of Japanese wrestling. He said his face paint was a tribute to The Great Muta. <mask> stopped wearing his face paint to the ring by October 2011.From December 2011, <mask> formed an alliance with Trent Barreta to feud with Curt Hawkins and Tyler Reks. Both teams played pranks on each other; <mask> was locked in a closet and Reks' hands were superglued to an Xbox controller. The feud ended when Hawkins and Reks defeated Barreta and <mask> on the January 18 episode of NXT. On the February 9, 2012 episode of Superstars, <mask> defeated Johnny Curtis. This would be his last televised victory in WWE, as he lost the rest of his televised matches in 2012 and 2013, even on NXT, which in August 2012 had become WWE's re-branded developmental territory. On the January 23, 2013 episode of NXT, <mask> and Percy Watson entered the NXT Tag Team Championship Tournament to crown the inaugural champions, but were defeated by The Wyatt Family (Luke Harper and Erick Rowan) in the first round. <mask> continued sporadically wrestling on NXT throughout the rest of 2013 and 2014, but lost all his matches.In his final WWE pay-per-view appearance, <mask> unsuccessfully competed in the Andre the Giant Memorial battle royal at WrestleMania XXX in April 2014. On June 12, 2014, Yamamoto was released from his WWE contract, along with 10 other talents. Independent circuit (2014)
On July 29, 2014, Yamamoto made his first post-WWE match at BELIEVE 77. At BELIEVE 79, Yamamoto defeated Aaron Epic to win the SCW Florida Heavyweight Championship, his first professional wrestling title (which he vacated on March 28, 2015 due to his neck injury). On September 20, 2014, Yamamoto made his debut for Chikara, losing to Ashley Remington via disqualification, following outside interference from Juan Francisco de Coronado. Return to NJPW (2014–2017)
On October 13, 2014, at King of Pro-Wrestling, Yamamoto, billed as <mask>su, returned to New Japan, attacking Jeff Jarrett when he interfered in the main event match and, in doing so, helped Hiroshi Tanahashi defeat A.J. Styles for the IWGP Heavyweight Championship.Yamamoto did not return to working under his real name due to being known better under the name <mask> <mask>, but he also could not continue working under his WWE name because of trademark issues, which led to the name's tweaked spelling. He was given the new gimmick of a "Bullet Club hunter", which saw him state that he had grown sick of seeing WWE and NXT employees wearing Bullet Club shirts and was now looking to eliminate the villainous stable from professional wrestling, starting with A.J. Styles. <mask> wrestled his return match on November 8 at Power Struggle, where he was defeated by Styles, following outside interference from Jarrett. Styles won after performing with his signature finisher, the Styles Clash. While performing the move, <mask> <mask> moved his head down before the point of impact with the mat. Instead of having his face slammed into the mat he took his weight, Styles' weight, and all of the force onto his neck.After the match, Jarrett hit <mask> with a guitar. On November 14, <mask> and Hiroshi Tanahashi announced they were forming a new tag team named "The World". The World was scheduled to take part in the 2014 World Tag League, but after their opening match on November 22, <mask> was forced to pull out of the tournament with a neck injury. On November 25, Yamamoto announced he had two broken bones in his neck, suffered presumably in his match with Styles when he botched the Styles Clash. Yamamoto had a halo installed in his skull, which he wore for the next three months. In May 2015, Yamamoto started training for a comeback at the Team Vision Gym in Orlando, Florida. On January 4, 2016, <mask> returned as part of the English announcing team at Wrestle Kingdom 10 in Tokyo Dome.On March 22, NJPW announced that <mask> would wrestle his NJPW return match on April 10 at Invasion Attack 2016, where he, Hiroshi Tanahashi and Michael Elgin defeated Bullet Club's The Elite (Kenny Omega and The Young Bucks (Matt Jackson and Nick Jackson)) to win the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship. Afterwards, <mask> announced he was forming a new stable named "Hunter Club" to oppose Bullet Club. However, neither Elgin nor Tanahashi accepted <mask>'s invitation to join the stable, which led to Captain New Japan stepping up as the first member of the new group. <mask> then debuted a new gimmick, where he began mimicking Triple H, which included him adopting the Pedigree as his finishing move. <mask>, Elgin and Tanahashi made their first successful title defense on April 23 against the Bullet Club trio of Bad Luck Fale, Kenny Omega and Yujiro Takahashi. On May 3 at Wrestling Dontaku 2016, they lost the title back to Omega and The Young Bucks. On September 12, <mask>, upset with Captain New Japan's poor performances, announced a Twitter poll that would decide whether he would get to stay in Hunter Club.On September 25 at Destruction in Kobe, <mask> revealed the result of the poll and agreed to remove Captain New Japan from Hunter Club. This led to Captain attacking <mask> and aligning himself with Bullet Club. After starting a feud with Captain New Japan, now renamed "Bone Soldier", <mask> announced on November 5 that he had recruited Billy Gunn as his new Hunter Club partner for the 2016 World Tag League. <mask> and Gunn finished the tournament on December 8 with a record of three wins and four losses, failing to advance from their block, though <mask> managed to pin Bone Soldier in their final round-robin match. In April 2017, <mask> joined the Taguchi Japan stable. Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2017)
In February 2017, NJPW sent <mask> to their Mexican partner promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) for a tour. He debuted for the promotion on February 17.All Japan Pro Wrestling (2017–present)
On September 12, 2017, <mask> made his debut for All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), entering the annual Ōdō Tournament and defeating Tajiri in his first round match. Six days later, he was eliminated from the tournament in the second round by Triple Crown Heavyweight Champion Kento Miyahara. On November 9, <mask> unsuccessfully challenged Joe Doering for the Triple Crown Heavyweight Championship. He entered the 2017 Real World Tag League with Miyahara and had a good showing, winning five matches, but was one short of a finals berth. On February 3, 2018, <mask> and Miyahara defeated Shuji Ishikawa and Suwama to win the World Tag Team Championship. Calling themselves <mask>ken, their reign lasted only 22 days, as they lost the belts to The Big Guns on February 25. In April, he entered his first Champion Carnival, posting three wins to finish fifth in block B.Challenging Ishikawa and Suwama for the World Tag Team Championship for a second time, <mask> were defeated on August 18. On May 27, 2019, <mask> defeated Tajiri to win the Gaora TV Championship. <mask> signed full time with All Japan on January 1, 2020, with the contract being announced at their first show of the year on January 2. After nine successful title defences and a record breaking 587 as champion, <mask>su lost the Gaora TV Championship to Jun Kasai in a tables, ladders and chairs match on January 3, 2021. <mask> would compete in a series "Different Style Fights", innovated by Antonio Inoki, these worked matches pit professional wrestlers against martial artists and have a focus on a more realistic style of pro-wrestling. His most notable match came on June 26 where he defeated former Oriental and Pacific Boxing Federation champion boxer turned mixed martial artist Yōsuke Nishijima. On July 22, he won the AJPW TV Six-Man Tag Team Championship with Carbell Ito and Seigo Tachibana from Tajiri, Yusuke Kodama and Hokuto Omori.They were forced to vacate the title after Carbell Ito suffered a fractured wrist on September 28 but <mask> and Tachibana would regain the titles on October 16 with Takayuki Ueki. Other media
As <mask>, Yamamoto is featured as a playable superstar for the WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011, WWE '12 and WWE '13 (as DLC) video games. He was previously featured in King of Colosseum II and Wrestle Kingdom 2 under his real name. Personal life
Yamamoto is a graduate from Kokushikan University with a degree in political science. Yamamoto is also married and has a child. Championships and accomplishments
 All Japan Pro Wrestling
 Gaora TV Championship (1 time)
 AJPW TV Six-Man Tag Team Championship (2 times, current) – with Seigo Tachibana and Carbell Ito (1), Seigo Tachibana and Takayuki Ueki (1, current)
 World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kento Miyahara
 I Believe in Wrestling
 SCW Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Hiroshi Tanahashi and Michael Elgin
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No.78 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2010
 Pro Wrestling Riot
 PWR Championship (1 time)
 Uce Wrestling
Corona Premier Intercontinental Championship (1 time, current)

Mixed martial arts record

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|Loss
|align=center|0–1
|Hiroyuki Ota
|Submission (armbar)
|TFC – Titan Fighting Championship 3
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|align=center|1
|align=center|3:44
|Tokyo, Japan
|

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Japanese male professional wrestlers
People from Gifu
Professional wrestling announcers
Sportspeople from Gifu Prefecture
Kokushikan University alumni

masks: Yoshitatsu Yoshi Tatsu Yoshitat Yoshi Tatsu Tatsu Yoshi Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Tatsu Yoshitat Yoshi Tatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshi Tatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Yoshi Yoshiken Yoshitatsu Tatsu Yoshitat Yoshitatsu Yoshitatsu Tatsu


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<mask> (July 21, 1881 – March 28, 1947) was an American professional baseball second baseman and manager. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1902 through 1917 for the Chicago Cubs, Boston Braves, and Philadelphia Phillies. He also appeared in one game apiece for the Chicago White Sox and Braves while coaching them in 1922 and 1929, respectively. <mask> was born in Troy, New York. After playing for the local minor league baseball team for one season, Frank Selee, manager of the Cubs, purchased <mask>'s contract and soon made him his starting second baseman. <mask> helped lead the Cubs to four National League pennants, including two World Series championships. The Cubs traded Evers to the Braves in 1914; that season, <mask> led the Braves to victory in the World Series, and was named the league's Most Valuable Player.<mask> continued to play for the Braves and Phillies through 1917. He then became a coach, scout, manager, and general manager in his later career. Known as one of the smartest ballplayers in MLB, <mask> also had a surly temper that he took out on umpires. Evers was a part of a great double-play combination with Joe Tinker and Frank Chance, which was immortalized as "Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance" in the poem "Baseball's Sad Lexicon". <mask> was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Veterans Committee in 1946. Early life
<mask> was born on July 21, 1881, in Troy, New York. His father worked as a saloon keeper.Many of Evers' relatives, including his father, brothers, and uncles, played baseball. Evers attended St. Joseph's Elementary School and played sandlot ball in Troy. Career

Minor league career
<mask> made his professional debut in minor league baseball for the Troy Trojans of the Class-B New York State League in 1902 as a shortstop. Evers reportedly weighed less than , and opposing fans thought he was a part of a comedic act. Evers reportedly weighed no more than  during his career. Evers batted .285 and led the New York State League with 10 home runs. Frank Selee, manager of the Chicago Cubs, scouted Evers's teammate, pitcher Alex Hardy.Selee, also looking for a second baseman due to an injury to starter Bobby Lowe, purchased Hardy's and Evers's contracts for $1,500 ($ in current dollar terms); the Trojans were willing to sell Evers's services due to his temper. Chicago Cubs
Evers made his MLB debut with the Cubs on September 1 at shortstop, as Selee moved Joe Tinker from shortstop to third base. Only three players in the National League (NL) were younger than Evers: Jim St. Vrain, Jimmy Sebring, and Lave Winham. Three days later, Selee returned Tinker to shortstop and assigned Evers to second base. In his month-long tryout with the Cubs, <mask> batted .222 without recording an extra-base hit and played inconsistent defense. However, Lowe's injury did not properly heal by spring training in 1903, allowing Evers to win the starting job for the 1903 season. Lowe recovered during the 1903 season, but <mask>' strong play made Lowe expendable; Evers finished third in the NL in fielding percentage among second basemen (.937), and finished fifth in assists (245) and putouts (306).The Cubs sold Lowe to the Pittsburgh Pirates after the season. <mask> played 152 games in the 1904 season. Defensively, his 518 assists and 381 putouts led the NL, though his 54 errors led all NL second basemen. During the 1906 season, <mask> finished fifth in the NL with 49 stolen bases, and led the league with 344 putouts and led all second basemen with 44 errors. The Cubs won the NL pennant in 1906, but lost the 1906 World Series to the Chicago White Sox four games to two; <mask> batted 3-for-20 (.150) in the series. During the 1907 season, <mask> led the NL with 500 assists. The Cubs repeated as NL champions in 1907, and won the 1907 World Series over the Detroit Tigers, four games to none, as Evers batted 7-for-20 (.350).During the 1908 pennant race, <mask> alerted the umpires to Fred Merkle's baserunning error in a game against the New York Giants, which became known as "Merkle's Boner". Al Bridwell hit what appeared to be the game-winning single for the Giants, while Merkle, the baserunner on first base, went to the clubhouse without touching second base. <mask> called for the ball, and the umpire ruled Merkle out. NL president Harry Pulliam ruled the game a tie, with a makeup to be played. The Cubs won the makeup game, thereby winning the pennant. The Cubs then won the 1908 World Series over Detroit, four games to one, as <mask> again batted 7-for-20 (.350). For the 1908 season, <mask> had a .300 batting average, good for fifth in the NL, and a .402 on-base percentage, second only to Honus Wagner.<mask> drew 108 walks during the 1910 season, trailing only Miller Huggins. However, Evers missed the end of the season with a broken leg. Without Evers, the Cubs won the NL pennant, but lost the 1910 World Series to the Philadelphia Athletics, four games to one. <mask> agreed to manage the Navy Midshipmen, a college baseball team, in 1911, despite the opposition of Cubs' manager Frank Chance. He experienced a nervous breakdown in 1911; returning to the Cubs later in the season, he played in only 46 games that year. Evers indicated that this was a result of a business deal that cost <mask> most of his savings. <mask> rebounded to bat .341 in 1912, good for fourth in the NL, and he led the NL with a .431 on-base percentage.Team owner Charles W. Murphy named Evers manager in 1913, signing him to a five-year contract, succeeding Chance. Boston Braves and Philadelphia Phillies
After the 1913 season, <mask> was offered $100,000 ($ in current dollar terms) to jump to the Federal League, but he opted to take less money to remain with the Cubs. In February 1914, after Evers signed his players to contracts, Murphy fired <mask> as manager and traded him to the Boston Braves for Bill Sweeney and Hub Perdue. Murphy insisted that <mask> had resigned as manager, which <mask> denied. <mask> insisted he was a free agent, but the league assigned him to the Braves. He signed a four-year contract at $10,000 per season ($ in current dollar terms), with a $20,000 signing bonus. During the 1914 season, the Braves fell into last place of the eight-team NL by July 4.However, the Braves came back from last place in the last ten weeks of the season to win the NL pennant. <mask>' .976 fielding percentage led all NL second basemen. The Braves defeated the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1914 World Series, four games to none, as <mask> batted 7-for-16 (.438). <mask> won the Chalmers Award, the forerunner of the modern-day Most Valuable Player award, ahead of teammate Rabbit Maranville. Evers was limited in 1915 by injuries, and also served suspension for arguing with umpires. After a poor season in 1916, <mask> began the 1917 season with a .193 batting average. Due to <mask>' declining performance, the Braves placed <mask> on waivers at mid-season, and he was claimed by the Philadelphia Phillies.<mask> rejected an offer to become manager of the Jersey City Skeeters of the International League that offseason. He signed with the Boston Red Sox as a player-coach for the 1918 season, but was released without playing a game for them. Not receiving another offer from an MLB team, <mask> traveled to Paris as a member of the Knights of Columbus to promote baseball in France. Coaching and managing career
In 1920, <mask> was slated to become head baseball coach at Boston College, however he instead accepted a last minute offer to join the New York Giants as a coach. He managed the Cubs again in 1921, succeeding Fred Mitchell. With the team struggling, <mask> was fired in August and replaced with Bill Killefer. The Cubs finished seventh out of eight in the NL that season.<mask> served as a coach for the Chicago White Sox in 1922 and 1923. He returned to second base in 1922, filling in for an injured Eddie Collins. <mask> played in one game for the White Sox as Collins recovered. <mask> was named the White Sox acting manager for the 1924 season, succeeding Chance, who was ordered home due to poor health. However, <mask> suffered from appendicitis during the season, missing time during the year, and the White Sox opened up a managerial search when Chance died in September. The White Sox replaced <mask> with Collins after the season. <mask> rejoined the Braves as a scout.As Braves owner Emil Fuchs sold manager Rogers Hornsby to the Cubs and assumed managerial duties himself for the 1929 season, Fuchs hired <mask> as a coach. Fuchs had no experience as a field manager, and so <mask> became captain of the Braves, directing the team during the game and dealing with umpires. <mask> and fellow coach Hank Gowdy played in one game in the 1929 season, coming into the bottom of the ninth inning on October 6, 1929. In the process, <mask> became the oldest player in the league for the year. <mask> remained a coach for the Braves under Bill McKechnie, who succeeded Fuchs as field manager in 1930, and served in the role through 1932. He continued to scout for the Braves, and then became general manager of the Albany Senators of the New York–Pennsylvania League in 1935. He resigned from Albany at the end of the season.Over his managerial career, he posted a 180–192 record. Managerial record

<mask> married Helen Fitzgibbons. His son, John J<mask>, Jr., served as a Lieutenant in World War II, assigned to the Pacific Theater of Operations. When his son was 11 years old, Evers bought part of the Albany Senators and gave him the stock. <mask>' brother, <mask>, and uncle, <mask>, also played in MLB. His great-nephew is Sports Illustrated writer Tim Layden. Though Evers and Tinker were part of one of the most successful double-play combinations in baseball history, the two despised each other off of the field.They went several years without speaking to each other after one argument. When Chance once named Tinker the smartest ballplayer he knew, Evers took it as a personal affront. Later life
Evers operated a sporting goods store in Albany, New York in 1923. However, Evers lost his money and filed for bankruptcy in 1936. The store was passed down to Evers' descendants. He also worked as superintendent of Bleecker Stadium in Albany and spent time teaching baseball to sandlot players. Evers suffered a stroke in August 1942, which paralyzed the right side of his body.He remained bedridden or confined to a wheelchair for most of the next five years. <mask> died of a cerebral hemorrhage in 1947 at St. Peter's Hospital in Albany, and is buried in Saint Mary's Cemetery in Troy. Legacy
<mask> retired in 1918, having batted .300 or higher twice in his career, stolen 324 bases and scored 919 runs. He frequently argued with umpires and received numerous suspensions during his career. His combative play and fights with umpires earned him the nickname "The Human Crab". Evers served as the pivot man in the "Tinker-to-Evers-to-Chance" double-play combination, which inspired the classic baseball poem "Baseball's Sad Lexicon", written by New York Evening Mail newspaper columnist Franklin Pierce Adams in July 1910. <mask>, Tinker, and Chance were all inducted in the Hall of Fame in the same year.The Merkle play remains one of the most famous in baseball history. The ball used in the Merkle play was sold at an auction in the 1990s for $27,500, making it one of the four most valuable baseballs based on purchase price. <mask>' role in Merkle's boner cemented his legacy as a smart ballplayer. <mask> is mentioned in the 1949 poem "Line-Up for Yesterday" by Ogden Nash:

See also

List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
List of members of the Baseball Hall of Fame
List of Major League Baseball player-managers

References

External links

1881 births
1947 deaths
Baseball players from New York (state)
Boston Braves players
Boston Braves scouts
Chicago Cubs managers
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago Orphans players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox managers
Chicago White Sox players
Major League Baseball player-managers
Major League Baseball second basemen
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
New York Giants (NL) coaches
Philadelphia Phillies players
Sportspeople from Troy, New York
Troy Trojans (minor league) players

masks:
John Joseph Evers
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. Evers
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Tom Evers
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<mask>  (8 October 1949 – 8 September 2019) was a British chemist, who was the John Humphrey Plummer Professor of Chemical and Structural Biology in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, and Master of St John's College, Cambridge. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 8 October 1949 in Rinteln, Germany, where his father, <mask> was commissioned as an officer. Both <mask> and <mask>'s mother, <mask> (née Pollard), were originally from Bradford in Yorkshire and had left school at age 14. <mask> had two older siblings, Graham and Gillian. Due to his father's postings, <mask> also lived in Lagos, Nigeria. <mask> was educated at Hereford Cathedral Junior School, and then Abingdon School from 1960 until 1967. He completed a Master of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford, where he was a student of Keble College, Oxford and Merton College, Oxford.Research and career
<mask>'s research largely focused on protein folding and protein misfolding, and its association with medical disorders particularly Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. By applying chemical and biophysical techniques, <mask> investigated links between protein structure, function, and disease. He is well known for his serendipitous discovery that ordinary proteins can misfold and aggregate to form amyloid structures. <mask> authored and co-authored over 800 papers and review articles, including 38 in Nature, Science and Cell, which have been cited over 100,000 times. his H-index is 153. <mask> held research fellowships at Merton College, Oxford and then Linacre College, Oxford before working at Harvard University. He returned to Oxford in 1980 as a Fellow of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford and as a University Lecturer in Chemistry, later receiving promotions to Reader, then Professor of Chemistry in 1996.<mask> moved to the University of Cambridge in 2001 as the John Humphrey Plummer Professor of Chemical and Structural Biology. In 2007, he became the Master of St John's College, Cambridge, a post which he held until his death in September 2019. In 2012, <mask> founded the Cambridge Centre for Misfolding Diseases, which is currently based in the Chemistry of Health building at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge. In 2016, <mask> co-founded Wren Therapeutics, a biotechnology start-up company whose mission is to find new therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease. Awards and honours
<mask> was knighted in the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours for his contributions to science and higher education. In 2009, <mask> was awarded the Royal Medal by the Royal Society "for his outstanding contributions to the understanding of the mechanisms of protein folding and mis-folding, and the implications for disease", and in 2014 he received both the Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Feltrinelli International Prize for Medicine. <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1996.Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 2014
 Antonio Feltrinelli International Prize for Medicine, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, 2014
 Member of the American Philosophical Society, 2018

Mentorship
Dobson mentored and supervised many notable PhD students and post-doctoral researchers, many of whom became renowned experts in their own field. These include:

Carol V. Robinson at the University of Oxford
Sheena E. Radford at the University of Leeds
Cait MacPhee at the University of Edinburgh
Clare Grey at the University of Cambridge
Brenda A. Schulman at the Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry in Germany
Michele Vendruscolo at the University of Cambridge
Fabrizio Chiti at the University of Florence

Personal life
<mask> met his wife, Dr <mask> (née Schove) at Merton College at the University of Oxford. They had two sons, Richard and William. He died on 8 September 2019, from cancer, at Royal Marsden Hospital in Sutton, near Surrey. References

1949 births
2019 deaths
Members of the University of Cambridge Department of Chemistry
Harvard University faculty
Fellows of Keble College, Oxford
Fellows of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford
Fellows of Linacre College, Oxford
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Masters of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences (United Kingdom)
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
British chemists
Winners of the Heineken Prize
People educated at Abingdon School
Members of the American Philosophical Society
Knights Bachelor
Bijvoet Medal recipients
Deaths from cancer in England

masks:
Sir Christopher Martin Dobson
Dobson
Arthur Dobson
Arthur Dobson
Christopher Dobson
Mabel Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Christopher Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Chris Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Dobson
Mary Dobson


texts:
<mask> (August 22, 1800 – May 9, 1889) was a Tennessee-born cavalry officer in the US Army, who became known during the Indian Wars and the Mexican–American War. One of four general officers in the US Army at the beginning of the American Civil War, he was removed from overseeing the Department of the West because of his Southern sympathies early in the war, although he kept Missouri from joining the Confederacy. Under President Andrew Johnson, he served on the Indian Peace Commission, negotiating several treaties before spending his retirement partly in St. Louis and partly trading reminiscences with Jefferson Davis and Ulysses S. Grant in Mississippi. Early life
Born on August 27, 1800, in Haysborough (Haysboro), a community on the Cumberland River (then a few miles above Nashville, Tennessee, now incorporated in the city), Harney attended a local private academy. His father <mask> had been an army officer. Early military career
In 1817, <mask>'s brother, Dr. Benjamin F<mask>, an Army surgeon in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, asked Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 and the current commander of the Army of the South, to write a letter to the Secretary of the Navy to ask for Harney's acceptance into the Navy, which occurred July 23, 1817. Harney visited his brother and met high-ranking military officers.He so impressed them that they arranged a commission for him as a US Navy second lieutenant, which President James Monroe signed. However, Harney chose to serve under Jackson in the army. His first military assignment under Jackson was in 1818, as a second lieutenant in the 1st U.S. Infantry. He helped to force the pirate Jean Lafitte to move his operations from the Louisiana Territory to the Spanish Main. Harney began his many years of interactions with Native Americans on the Great Plains in 1825, when he accompanied Colonel Henry Atkinson and Benjamin O'Fallon on an expedition to sign treaties with the Upper Missouri tribes. In 1832, Harney fought in the Black Hawk War against the Sauk and Fox tribes, serving as General Zachary Taylor's assistant inspector. There he met, fought, and befriended Jefferson Davis, Taylor's son-in-law and a fellow army officer.Murder of Hannah
In June 1834, while he was a major in the Paymaster Corps, Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, Harney was charged with beating a female slave, Hannah, to death with his cane. On June 30, 1834, the Missouri Republican reported "an inquest was held at the dwelling-house of Major <mask>... on the body of Hannah... said slave possibly came to her death by wounds inflicted by <mask>. Harney." The Missouri Intelligencer and the Cincinnati Journal also reported the incident, the latter labeling Harney as "a monster!" The public outrage, the St. Louis County prosecutor's promised involvement, and a relative's advice on possible mob violence against him caused Harney to flee eastward along the Ohio River to Wheeling, Virginia. In 1835, Harney returned when "the excitement goes off," and on March 24, 1835, he was legally acquitted. Second Seminole War
During the Second Seminole War (1835–1842), Harney gained a reputation as an Indian fighter for daring and ruthless raids.Harney and troops under his command often fought the Seminole War leader and mystic <mask>, also known as Ar-pi-uck-i. During one skirmish, one of Harney's men accidentally shot Itee, the wife of <mask>. When that was brought to Harney's attention, he turned down the opportunity to use her as a bargaining chip during treaty negotiations. Instead, Harney ordered Itee comfortably set outside the US Army camp so that her husband and his men could retrieve her that evening. Mexican–American War
During the Mexican–American War, Harney was appointed colonel and commanded the 2nd Dragoons. They were attached to John E. Wool's command during the Chihuahua Expedition and the Battle of Buena Vista. Harney joined <mask>'s Army as senior cavalry officer at the Siege of Veracruz.However, <mask>'s headstrong and insubordinate temperament caused losses and embarrassment and so when Harney refused to leave Monterrey, despite orders to do so, he was replaced by Major Edwin V<mask>, and General <mask>. Worth placed <mask> under court-martial, and <mask> was ultimately convicted. However, President James K. Polk overrode <mask>'s judgment to remove <mask> from command and concluded that Harney's only fault was in being a Democrat. The incident damaged the relationship between the general and Commander-in-Chief. Placed in temporary command of the 1st Brigade in David Twiggs's division, Harney fought with distinction at the Battle of Cerro Gordo and received a promotion to brevet brigadier general. He returned to cavalry command during the Battle of Contreras, the Battle of Churubusco, and the Battles for Mexico City. However, he was accused of mistreatment of captured prisoners from the St. Patrick's Battalion, which included US Army deserters and escaped slaves.Harney became an original member of the Aztec Club of 1847, which was composed of American officers who had served in Mexico. First Sioux War
On May 14, 1849, on the death of Brevet Major General <mask>. Worth, <mask> assumed command of Military Department Number Five, which comprised almost all of the settled portion of Texas. He was assigned to control Indian raids, which led to the First Sioux War (discussed in part below), although Harney actually commanded Military Department No. 5 for only three short periods, having been replaced by Col. George N. Brooke on July 7, 1849; after Brooke's death from March 9 until September 15, 1851 when he was replaced by Colonel Persifor N<mask>, and then from December 3, 1852 until he was again relieved by <mask> on May 11, 1853. Recalled from leave after he had attempted to visit his family in Paris in 1854, Harney led a punitive expedition against the Sioux after they killed a small US Army detachment in Nebraska Territory, an event called the Grattan Massacre. He led attacks against the Brulé Lakota, who were involved in conflicts with immigrant travelers on the Oregon Trail.In the Battle of Ash Hollow, on September 2 and 3, 1855, <mask>'s troops routed Little Thunder's village at Blue Water Creek (now known as Ash Hollow), in western Nebraska, killing about half of the 250 band members, including women and children who had hidden in a cave into which cannons were fired under the mistaken pretense that they were warriors, given the lack of anthropological awareness of US troops at the time, hence an alternate name of the "Harney Massacre." Harney earned a Lakota name translated as "Mad Bear" because after the attack, he marched across the Badlands to Fort Pierre, the largest trading post in Dakota Territory, and challenged the Lakotas to a winter fight. The success of the campaign encouraged Harney to suggest that mobile units might replace permanent army posts. Harney briefly commanded troops during the Utah War and was again recalled and placed in command of troops sent to deal with the guerrilla warfare of Bleeding Kansas. Next, he was assigned command of the Department of Oregon. Harney sent Captain George E. Pickett and troops to San Juan Island, precipitating the Pig War with British forces. The Army recalled Harney to St. Louis after the altercations with the British.Promoted to brigadier general on June 14, 1858, <mask> was, at 61, the youngest of the four general officers in the regular army at the time, (alongside the War of 1812 veterans <mask>, John Wool, and David Twiggs, the next-youngest, at 70, because of the lack of a fixed retirement age). Civil War
As the Civil War began, <mask> was still in command of the Army's Department of the West based at Jefferson Barracks in St. Louis, Missouri, and his wife's family was prominent in the area. General Twiggs accepted a Confederate commission to head the Department of Louisiana and was accordingly dismissed from the US Army and replaced by Edwin V<mask>. Missouri Governor Claiborne Jackson was pro-secession, but the majority of Missourians favored Union. After the bombardment of Fort Sumter, President Abraham Lincoln called for troops to suppress the rebellion. Jackson refused and began plotting with Confederate authorities to bring about Missouri's secession by a military coup. On May 10, 1861, Captain Nathaniel Lyon, commander of the St. Louis Arsenal, led a force of unofficial Unionist "Home Guards" to capture a force of state militia that were poised to seize the Arsenal by acting without any authorization from Harney, his superior.The Camp Jackson Affair resulted in a bloody riot in St. Louis, which horrified Harney. The state legislature responded by reorganizing the militia as the Missouri State Guard and authorizing it to resist an invasion by federal troops. Harney tried to calm the situation and agreed to the Price–Harney Truce with Guard Commander <mask>, who was married to Harney's wife's niece. They agreed that the State Guard would control most of Missouri while federal troops stayed near St. Louis. The deal also involved Missouri Governor Claiborne Jackson, who favored secession but swore allegiance to the Union. That was not acceptable to Unionist leaders in Missouri, including the Republican leader Francis Preston Blair, Jr., since Price did nothing to prevent the organization of pro-Confederate forces or to protect Unionists in his territory. Worsening matters was Harney's Tennessee heritage, which made his loyalty to the Union suspect.Blair reported all to the Lincoln administration in Washington, DC, and was authorized to replace <mask> with Lyon, which Blair did on 30 May. Recalled to Washington to discuss the situation, <mask> was captured by Confederates at Harper's Ferry on April 25, 1861. He was offered a command by Confederate General Robert E. Lee but turned down the offer. However, because he was a Tennessean, his captors released him and allowed him to continue on to Washington. <mask> remained in Washington and served in various administrative positions. When it became clear that he would not receive another field command, he retired in 1863 and lived in St. Louis. In recognition of his long and distinguished career, he was awarded and breveted to major general in 1865.Later years
President Andrew Johnson appointed Harney to the Indian Peace Commission and so he returned to the Great Plains in 1865 and 1867 to negotiate treaties. In part because Harney urged the US Congress to honor past treaties, the Sioux called him the "man-who-always-kept-his-word." He helped secure the Little Arkansas Treaty with the Comanche and Kiowa in 1865, the Medicine Lodge Treaty in 1867 and the Fort Laramie Treaty with the Brule Sioux in 1868. In 1868, Harney received a temporary assignment to establish three Sioux agencies on the Missouri River, which he did at Whetstone Creek, Cheyenne River, and Grand River. Harney then retired to Pass Christian, Mississippi, on the Gulf Coast and often reminisced with his old friend Jefferson Davis about their old service at Fort Crawford, including their near duel; they forgot their opposite service during the Civil War. After Davis's death, Harney moved to Orlando, Florida, where he died. Personal life
In 1833, in St. Louis, he married Mary Mullanphy, daughter of John Mullanphy, an Irish immigrant who became a wealthy merchant in Baltimore and St. Louis' first millionaire.Harney converted to Catholicism, and they had three children including John Mullanphy <mask> (1847–1905). However, Harney only saw his wife twice after 1850, and she would relocate to France with their children in 1853, where she died in 1860. Her children would return to St. Louis, and their granddaughter Marie Antoinette <mask> Beauregard (1868–1940) would marry the son of Confederate general Pierre Beauregard. In 1884, Harney married <mask>. Cyr (1826–1907). Death and legacy
<mask> died at his home near Orlando, Florida, in 1889, just months after Harney County, Oregon was named for him. He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery, as would be his widow in 1907. His will, witnessed by Ulysses S. Grant and filed in St. Louis, gave his son "John Hearney" and daughter "Eliza Hearney" $5 each, and the rest of his property, wherever located, to his widow.Harney is an intriguing figure representing perhaps an individualist standing apart, in an age of rough dichotomies. One time "Indian Fighter", later "Indian Defender" known by the Sioux as "Man Who Keeps His Word" for trying to keep initial peace treaty-terms as they were written and opposing the reneging of said terms, by later officials. After that, Harney was known among the Sioux as "Woman Killer." due to his actions (known as the "Harney Massacre") at an Indian village in 1855 at Blue Water Creek, south of the Black Hills: "While engaged in a delaying parley with Chief Little Thunder" Harney's troops "circled undetected" toward the village, "where the infantry opened fire and forced the Indians toward mounted soldiers, who inflicted terrible casualties. 86 Indians were killed, 70 women and children were captured, and their tipis were looted and burned." Historic site
The Maj. Gen. <mask> S. Harney Summer Home in Sullivan, Crawford County, Missouri, is privately owned by the Harney Mansion Foundation. The Sullivan Chamber of Commerce cooperates with the foundation and can arrange visits to the home, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.Places named for Harney

 Harney Park, Portland, Oregon
 Harney Channel, waterway between Orcas and Shaw Islands in the San Juan archipelago
 Harney, Nevada
 Harney County, Oregon
 Harney Lake in Oregon
 Harney Street in Omaha, NE
 Harney Peak in South Dakota Later renamed Black Elk Peak, out of respect for the nature of said site being a holy area according to the Sioux. Harney Point in Cape Coral, Florida
 Lake Harney in central Florida
 Harney Sports Complex at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas
 Harney River located in Everglades National Park

See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

Further reading
  . L. U. Reavis, The Life of General Harney available at archive.org
 "Harney, <mask>lby", by Thomas W. Cutrer, in the Handbook of Texas Online, uploaded June 15, 2010. Military Career of Wm. S. Harney

External links

1800 births
1889 deaths
United States Army generals
Bleeding Kansas
People from Sullivan, Missouri
People of Missouri in the American Civil War
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Members of the Aztec Club of 1847
People of the Utah War

masks:
William Selby Harney
Thomas Harney
Harney
. Harney
Harney
William S
Sam Jones
Sam Jones
Winfield Scott
Harney
. Sumner
William J
Harney
Harney
Scott
Harney
William J
Harney
. Smith
Smith
Harney
Harney
Winfield Scott
Harney
. Sumner
Sterling Price
Harney
Harney
Harney
Harney
Harney
Mary St
Harney
William
William Se


texts:
<mask> (; born 4 February 1968) commonly referred to as M<mask> () is a Malaysian politician who has served as Minister of Human Resources for the second term in the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration under Prime Minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob since August 2021. He served his first term in the Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under former Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin from March 2020 to August 2021 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Tapah since March 2008. He served as Deputy Minister of Youth and Sports from May 2013 to the collapse of the Barisan Nasional (BN) administration in May 2018, Deputy Minister of Federal Territories and Urban Wellbeing from April 2009 to May 2013 and Deputy Minister of Federal Territories from March 2008 to April 2009. He is a member and Deputy President of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. He is the sole minister of the Indian ethnicity and MIC and one of the only two MIC candidates to be elected in the 2018 general election. Saravanan began his political career in 1994 as a Secretary in MIC for the district of Titiwangsa. Prior to his active participation in Malaysian politics, Saravanan has worked several jobs as an office clerk, a member of the Malaysian police force, The Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM), and a Marketing Executive.He possesses a bachelor's degree in Business Administration from Hammersmith & West London College in England. Saravanan was a Senator prior to his election to the Dewan Rakyat (the lower house of Malaysia's Parliament). In the 2008 General Election, he contested for the seat of Tapah and won, defeating a candidate from the People's Justice Party (PKR). However, the MIC suffered widespread losses at the election, which left Saravanan as one of only three MIC members in the Dewan Rakyat. Despite his party's reduced presence in Parliament and the ruling Barisan Nasional coalition, Saravanan was appointed as a Deputy Minister from 2008 until 2013. Within the MIC, Saravanan is seen as an ally of its President Samy Vellu, being elected as a vice-president of the MIC on Vellu's ticket and defending Vellu from opposition attacks. However he lost in the party re-election close fight for the position of Deputy President in 2015 to another MIC Vice-President, S. K. Devamany.Early life
Saravanan's family originated from North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. Born and raised in at his family home on Jalan Raja Muda, Kuala Lumpur, Saravanan was the only child of a rubber tapper and a housewife. Despite his family's financial struggles, Saravanan's parents ensured that he had completed his education to secure his future. Childhood education
Between 1975 and 1980, Saravanan attended Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (T) Jalan Fletcher in Kuala Lumpur. There, he was appointed as the Head Prefect. Saravanan developed a passion for public speaking and won a public speaking competition at National level when he was 10 years old. Saravanan attended Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Jalan Temerloh, Kuala Lumpur from 1981 until 1986, where he continued to actively participate in extracurricular activities and once again appointed as a Prefect and the President of Indian Youth Club.Youth and higher education
Right after Saravanan completed his secondary school education, his father passed away. He was then responsible for supporting his family, which prompted him to work during the day and study during the night . The former Secretary-General of MIC, DP Vijendran, helped Saravanan land a job as an office clerk at Maika Holdings while pursuing his studies at Kolej TLMC, which managed a number of courses from Swansea Institute of Higher Education (University of Wales). Saravanan joined the Malaysian police force, Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM) in 1989 and was stationed in Dang Wangi Police Station, Kuala Lumpur. In 1993, he furthered his studied in Hammersmith & West London College, England and was awarded a Diploma in Business and Management as well as a bachelor's degree in Business Administration. Upon his return to Malaysia, Saravanan commenced his post as a Marketing Executive at Easy Call Pagers. Political career
Saravanan was elected as Secretary in MIC for the district of Titiwangsa in 1994.Then, in 1997 he was appointed as the Secretary in MIC Federal Territory by Datuk Seri Samy Vellu, the former President of MIC Federal Territory. During his post as the Secretary of MIC Federal Territory, Saravanan also held the positions of Secretary of Pemuda MIC Nasional and Leader of MIC for the district of Titiwangsa. In 2004, the President of MIC nominated Saravanan as Senator, which allowed him to serve two terms in Dewan Negara. During those terms, Saravanan has gained audience at international level from countries such as Singapore, India, Sri Lanka, France, and the United Nations in New York. Saravanan was elected as a member of Majlis Tertinggi MIC in 2003 and then again in 2006, which encouraged Datuk Seri Samy Vellu to elect him as MIC Information Chief and Federal Territory MIC Communications Director. In the 12th General Election in 2008, Saravanan contested for a Parliament seat for Tapah and won against a candidate from People's Justice Party (PKR). Under the Barisan Nasional coalition and then-Prime Minister, Tun Dato' Seri Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi, Saravanan was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Federal Territories and Urban Wellbeing from 2008 until 2013.In the 13th General Election, <mask> also won a seat in the Parliament and was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Youth and Sports from 2013 until 2018. In 2020, <mask> was appointed as the Minister of Human Resource under the new government coalition, Perikatan Nasional, and Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin. Election results

Honours
  :
  Member of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (AMN) (1998)
  :
  Knight Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown (PMW) - Datuk (2014)
  Grand Commander of the Order of the Territorial Crown (SMW) - Datuk Seri (2018)
  :
  Companion Class I of the Order of Malacca (DMSM) - Datuk (2007)

References

Living people
1968 births
21st-century Malaysian politicians
People from Selangor
Members of the Dewan Rakyat
Malaysian Indian Congress politicians
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Malaysian politicians of Tamil descent
Members of the Dewan Negara
Members of the Order of the Defender of the Realm

masks:
Datuk Seri Saravanan Murugan
. Saravanan
Saravanan
Saravanan


texts:
<mask>, <mask> (1621 – 31 January 1707), was a French nobleman, known as the protagonist of the Mémoires written by Anthony Hamilton (his brother-in-law). He was a younger half-brother of Antoine III of Gramont and uncle of <mask>, princess of Monaco. Birth and origins
Philibert was born in 1621, probably at the Château de Bidache, as the second son of <mask> and his second wife, <mask>uteville. His father was the head of the illustrious Gramont family and ruler of the Principality of Bidache. At the time of Philibert's birth he was comte de Guiche but later became duc de Gramont de Guiche. His first wife had been <mask>re. Philibert's mother was his father's second wife.She was the eldest daughter of , <mask> Bouteville and sister of <mask> Montmorency-Bouteville. The Montmorency-Bouteville family was a cadet branch of the illustrious House of Montmorency. Philibert's paternal grandmother, Diane d'Andouins, comtesse de Gramont, was "la belle Corisande," one of the mistresses of Henry IV. The grandson assumed that his father, Antoine II <mask>, viceroy of Navarre, was the son of Henry IV, and regretted that he had not claimed the privileges of royal paternity. <div style="float: right; margin: 0 0 0 1em">

{{Tree chart| | | | |PhlGr|y|Diane|boxstyle=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em;
  |PhlGr=Philibertcomte <mask>ont|boxstyle_PhlGr=border-width: 1px; border-radius: 0.5em; background: lavender;
  |Diane=[[Diane d'Andouins|'Dianed'Andouins]]}}

</div>

His parents married in 1618. Early life
Philibert was destined for the church, and was educated at the college of Pau, in Béarn. He refused the ecclesiastical life, however, and joined the army of Prince Thomas of Savoy, then in 1643 besieging Trino in Piedmont.He afterwards served under his elder half-brother, Antoine, marshal de <mask>, and the prince <mask>dé. He was present at the battles of Freiburg and Nördlingen, and served with distinction in Spain and Flanders in 1647. In 1654 he fought at Arras where Turenne relieved the town besieged by the Spanish. He favoured Condé's party at the beginning of the Fronde, but changed sides before he was too severely compromised. In spite of his record in the army, he never received any important commission either military or diplomatic, perhaps because of an incurable levity in his outlook. He was, however, made a governor of the Pays d'Aunis and lieutenant of Béarn. He visited England during the Commonwealth.Exile and marriage
In 1662 he was exiled from France for paying court to Anne-Lucie <mask> Mothe-Houdancourt, one of the king's mistresses. He went to England where he found at the court of Charles II an atmosphere congenial to his talents for intrigue, gallantry and pleasure. He arrived in London in January 1663. Philibert quickly entered into the English court's inner circle. Not much adaptation was needed as French was the predominant language at the Restoration court. Elizabeth Hamilton, the sister of Anthony Hamilton, admired his wit and gallantry and fell in love with him. Philibert married her in London in December 1663 or early in 1664.In March 1664, having heard of his marriage, Louis XIV wrote him a letter giving him permission to return. The couple had a son on 28 August old style, but he died as an infant. There is a famous anecdote told about her marriage, which reverts the order of events by placing the marriage, which was, according to this tale, forced on <mask> by her brothers, after the permission to return. It goes as follows:

When in 1664 he was allowed to return to France, he left in haste, giving the impression that he would not honour his commitments. Her brothers George and Anthony therefore pursued and intercepted him on his way to Dover and pressured him to return and marry her. They asked him whether he had not forgotten something in London. He replied "Pardonnez-moi, messieurs, j'ai oublié d'épouser votre sœur."(Forgive me, Sirs, I have forgotten to marry your sister). He turned around, went back to London, and dutifully married her. The story is partly proven wrong since he married her before Louis allowed him to come back, but it could well be true that a bit of pressure from her brothers was needed. It has been said that this incident suggested to Molière his comedy Le mariage forcé, first presented 29 January 1664, but this idea clashes with the known dates. Back in France
In 1664 he was allowed to return to France. He revisited England in 1670 in connection with the Sale of Dunkirk, and again in 1671 and 1676. In 1688 he was sent by Louis XIV to congratulate James II on the birth of an heir.From all these small diplomatic missions he succeeded in obtaining considerable profits, being destitute, and having no scruples whenever money was in question. At the age of 75 he fell dangerously ill, which caused him to become reconciled to the church. His penitence does not seem to have survived his recovery. In June 1673, he fought at the Siege of Maastricht during which Louis XIV took the town from the Dutch. In 1679, his elder brother Henri died unmarried. Henri had appointed him his heir and he therefore became comte de Toulongeon and inherited his brother's château at Séméac. He did not want to change his name to Toulongeon, but changed it from chevalier de <mask> to comte de <mask>, and his wife became comtesse.On 31 December 1688 he was made a knight of the Order of the Holy Spirit in a ceremony performed in the Chapel of the Château de Versailles. This gave him the right to wear the blue sash called the cordon bleu that hangs over his right shoulder on his portrait. Children
His wife gave him two children, daughters both:
<mask> (c. 1665 – 1739), who married Henry Stafford-Howard, 1st Earl of Stafford
Marie Elizabeth (1667–1729), who in 1695 became abbess of the  in Lorraine

Both were maids-of-honour to Maria Anna Victoria of Bavaria, whom the Grand Dauphin married in 1680. Saint-Simon comments that they did not have much success at the court. He also had a bastard daughter, born in Piedmont, at the siege of Trino: Giacomo or Jacques, daughter of Countess Theresia <mask>' Medici, granddaughter of don <mask>' Medici via his son Antonfrancesco. Memoirs
He was 80 years old when he supplied his brother-in-law, Anthony Hamilton, with the material for his Mémoires. Hamilton said that they had been dictated to him, but no doubt he was the real author.The account of <mask>'s early career was doubtless provided by himself, but Hamilton was probably more familiar with the history of the court of Charles II, which forms the most interesting part of the book. Moreover, <mask>, though he had a reputation for wit, was no writer, and there is no reason to suppose that he was capable of producing a work which remains a masterpiece of style and of witty portraiture. His biographer Hamilton was far superior as a writer to the comte <mask>, but he relates the story of his hero without comment, and no condemnation of the prevalent code of morals is allowed to appear, unless by an occasional touch of irony. The portrait is drawn with such skill that the count, in spite of his biographer's candour, imposes by his grand air on the reader much as he appears to have done on his contemporaries. The book is the most entertaining of contemporary memoirs, and in no other book is there a description so vivid, truthful, and graceful of the licentious court of Charles II. There are other and less flattering accounts of the count. His scandalous tongue knew no restraint, and he was a privileged person who was allowed to state even the most unpleasing truths to Louis XIV.When the Mémoires were finished, it is said that <mask> sold the manuscript for 1500 francs; and kept most of the money for himself. Fontenelle, then censor of the press, refused to license the book from considerations of respect to the strange old man, whose gambling, cheating and meanness were so ruthlessly exposed. But <mask> himself appealed to the chancellor and the prohibition was lifted. Death and timeline
He died on 10 January 1707 in Paris, and the Mémoires'' appeared six years later. Notes, citations, and sources

Notes

Citations

Sources

 – Knights of the Order of the Holy Spirit and general index

 – 1684 to 1686
 – 1706 to 1707

 – Commentary by Cyril Hughes Hartmann on Hamilton's Memoirs in Quennell's translation

 – GAR to GUE (for Gramont)

 – Abercorn to Balmerino

 – 1706 to 1707
 – 1708

Attribution

1621 births
1707 deaths
18th-century memoirists
Counts of Gramont
French male non-fiction writers
French memoirists
Younger sons of dukes

masks:
Philibert
Count de Gramont
Catherine Charlotte de Gramont
Antoine II de Gramont
Claude de Montmorency Bo
Louise de Roquelau
Baron de
François de
de Gramont
deGram
Gramont
de Con
de la
de Gramont
Gramont
Gramont
Claude Charlotte
de
Antonio de
Gramont
Gramont
de Gramont
Gramont
Gramont


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<mask> (born August 16, 1988) is an American football defensive end for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Purdue, where he was recognized as a unanimous All-American as a senior, and was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the first round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played the majority of his career as an outside linebacker in the 3–4 defense, where he is the all-time NFL leader in consecutive starts by a left outside linebacker. He is also Washington's all-time leader in both sacks, (recording 95.5 of them) and forced fumbles (recording 26 of them)  during his 10 years with the team. Early life
<mask> was born in Muncie, Indiana. He attended Muncie Central High School, where he played defensive end and tight end for the Muncie Bearcats high school football team. As a senior, he was an all-state selection after recording 90 tackles and 19 sacks as a defensive end.As a tight end, he had 40 receptions for 789 yards and six touchdowns. A three-star recruit, Kerrigan committed to Purdue over offers from Ball State, Cincinnati, Indiana, and Northern Illinois. College career
<mask> attended Purdue University, where he played for the Purdue Boilermakers football team from 2007 to 2010. As a freshman in 2007, <mask> appeared in 12 games recording 18 tackles and a sack. As a sophomore in 2008 he started 11 of 12 games and was an honorable mention All-Big Ten selection after recording 56 tackles, seven sacks and an interception. As a junior in 2009 he was a second team All-American by Rivals.com and a first team All-Big Ten selection. He finished the season with 66 tackles and 12 sacks.<mask> was also awarded Purdue's "Pit Bull Award" in 2009, which was given to the player that exemplified and displayed tenacity and tough play. After forcing two fumbles against Michigan, <mask> became the Big Ten's all-time leader in forced fumbles; his total of 12 forced fumbles set the since-broken Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) career record. Following his 2010 season, he was a first-team All-Big Ten selection, was honored as the Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year and the Big Ten Defensive Lineman of the Year, as well as winning the Bill Willis Trophy given to the top collegiate defensive lineman, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. He was also a semifinalist for the Rotary Lombardi Award during his senior season. Professional career

Washington Redskins / Football Team

2011

The Washington Redskins selected <mask> in the first round (16th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. <mask> was the third edge rusher drafted. On July 29, 2011, <mask> signed his four-year rookie contract, worth 8.72 million.<mask> made his professional regular season and first career start in the Redskins' season-opener against the New York Giants and recorded five combined tackles, a pass deflection, and returned an interception for a touchdown in their 28–14 victory. <mask> intercepted a pass by quarterback Eli Manning, that was originally intended for wide receiver Hakeem Nicks, and scored a nine-yard touchdown in the third quarter. The following week, he made three solo tackles, two pass deflections, and made his first career sack during their 22–21 victory against the Arizona Cardinals in Week 2. <mask> made his first career sack on quarterback Kevin Kolb for a four-yard loss in the second quarter. <mask>'s performance over the first four games earned him the defensive rookie of the month honor for September. On November 13, 2011, <mask> collected a season-high six combined tackles and had two sacks on quarterback Matt Moore during a 20–9 loss at the Miami Dolphins. He started in all 16 games in  2011 and recorded 63 combined tackles (41 solo), 7.5 sacks, four forced fumbles, one interception, and one touchdown.2012
On October 7, 2012, <mask> recorded five combined tackles, deflected a pass, and returned an interception for a touchdown during a 24–17 loss to the Atlanta Falcons in Week 5. <mask> intercepted a pass by Falcons' quarterback <mask> and scored a 20-yard touchdown in the second quarter. In Week 14 against the Baltimore Ravens, he managed to tackle Joe Flacco and tip his pass to Ray Rice enough so linebacker London Fletcher could intercept the ball; preventing the Ravens from scoring and allowing the Redskins to tie the score and eventually win the game in overtime. In Week 16, <mask> recorded a season-high five combined tackles and two sacks during a 27–20 victory at the Philadelphia Eagles. He had two sacks on quarterback Nick Foles and stripped the ball during one of them which was recovered by cornerback Richard Crawford. Kerrigan started all 16 games in 2012 and recorded 54 combined tackles (42 solo), 8.5 sacks, eight pass deflections, an interception, and a touchdown. The Washington Redskins finished first in the NFC East with a 10–6 record and earned a playoff berth.On January 6, 2013, <mask> started his first career playoff game and recorded four combined tackles during a 24–14 loss to the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Wildcard Game. On January 20, 2013, it was announced that <mask> was added to the 2013 Pro Bowl as a replacement for Aldon Smith who was set to appear in Super Bowl XLVII with the San Francisco 49ers. 2013
Defensive coordinator Jim Haslett retained <mask>, Brian Orakpo, Perry Riley, and London Fletcher as the linebacking corps in 2013. He started in the Washington Redskins' season-opener against the Philadelphia Eagles and collected a season-high eight combined tackles and made one sack in their 33–27 loss. The following week, he made five solo tackles and a career-high two sacks on quarterback Aaron Rodgers in the Redskins' 38–20 loss at the Green Bay Packers in Week 2. In Week 3, <mask>  tore his lateral meniscus in his left knee, but chose to play through the season. On December 29, 2013, the Washington Redskins fired head coach Mike Shanahan after they finished the season with a 4-12 record.Kerrigan started in all 16 games and recorded a career-high 66 combined tackles (47 solo), 8.5 sacks, and three pass deflections. 2014
On January 2, 2014, <mask> underwent arthroscopic surgery to repair his torn ligament in his knee. On May 2, 2014, the Washington Redskins exercised the fifth-year option of <mask>'s rookie contract, which would keep him on roster throughout the 2015 season for $7.03 million. Head coach Jay Gruden named <mask> and Brian Orakpo the starting outside linebackers to start the regular season, along with inside linebackers Keenan Robinson and Perry Riley. On September 19, 2014, <mask> recorded four solo tackles and had a career-high four sacks on quarterback Chad Henne during the Redskins' 41–10 victory against the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 2. In Week 6, he collected a season-high nine combined tackles and was credited with half a sack in a 30–20 loss at the Arizona Cardinals. He started in all 16 games in 2014 and recorded 64 combined tackles (51 solo), a career-high 13.5 sacks, five forced fumbles, and a pass deflection.He became the Redskins' sixth all-time franchise sack leader with 38 total sacks. On December 31, 2014, the Washington Redskins announced the decision to mutually part ways with defensive coordinator Jim Haslett. 2015
<mask> was named the 78th best player by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015. On May 20, 2015, <mask> underwent arthroscopic surgery on his left knee. On July 29, 2015, the Washington Redskins signed <mask> to a five-year, $57.50 million contract extension that includes $23.78 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $16 million. Defensive coordinator Joe Barry opted to retain the 3-4 defense and named <mask> and Trent Murphy the starting outside linebackers, along with inside linebackers Perry Riley and Keenan Robinson. In Week 14, he collected a season-high five combined tackles and made a sack during a 24-21 victory  at the Chicago Bears.<mask> started in all 16 games for the fifth consecutive season and recorded 42 combined tackles (33 solo), 9.5 sacks, three pass deflections, and two forced fumbles. The Washington Redskins finished atop of the NFC East with a 9–7 record and earned a playoff berth. On January 10, 2016, he made two combined tackles and a pass deflection during the Redskins' 35–18 loss to the Green Bay Packers in the NFC Wildcard Game. 2016
<mask> entered training camp slated as the starting weakside linebacker. Head coach Jay Gruden named <mask> and Preston Smith the starting outside linebackers to begin the regular season, along with inside linebackers Mason Foster and Will Compton. In the Week 5, <mask> reached his 50th career sack by sacking quarterback Joe Flacco towards the end of the second quarter of the Redskins' 16-10 victory at the Baltimore Ravens. On October 16, 2016, he made four combined tackles and made a season-high two sacks on quarterback Carson Wentz during a 27–20 victory against the Philadelphia Eagles in Week 6.In Week 12, <mask> collected a season-high five combined tackles and had one sack during a 31–26 loss at the Dallas Cowboys. On December 20, 2016, he was named to the 2017 Pro Bowl roster, which was his second Pro Bowl nomination. He started all 16 games in 2016 and recorded 33 combined tackles (25 solo), 10.5 sacks, two forced fumbles, and two pass deflections. Pro Football Focus gave Kerrigan an overall grade of 82.2, which ranked 10th among all qualifying 3-4 outside linebackers in 2016. 2017

On January 5, 2017, the Washington Redskins fired defensive coordinator Joe Barry. Defensive coordinator Greg Manusky retained <mask> and Preston Smith as the starting outside linebackers to begin the regular season in 2017, along with inside linebackers Mason Foster and Zach Brown. He started in the Washington Redskins' season-opener against the Philadelphia Eagles and recorded three combined tackles, half a sack, a pass deflection, and returned an interception for a touchdown during a 30–17 loss.<mask> intercepted a pass by quarterback Carson Wentz, that was initially intended for running back Darren Sproles, and returned it for a 24-yard touchdown in the second quarter. In Week 7, he collected a season-high six combined tackles and was credited with half a sack as the Redskins lost at the Philadelphia Eagles 34–24. On December 19, 2017, <mask> was named to his third Pro Bowl. On December 31, 2017, <mask> made two solo tackles and a season-high tying two sacks during an 18–10 loss at the New York Giants. He started in all 16 games and recorded 46 combined tackles (34 solo), 13 sacks, a pass deflection, an interception, and a touchdown. Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 84.2, which ranked 13th among all qualifying edge rushers in 2017. 2018
In 2018, <mask> stripped the ball from quarterback Dak Prescott in the end zone, which was recovered by Preston Smith and scoring a defensive touchdown that helped seal the Week 7 win against the Dallas Cowboys.Kerrigan recorded two sacks in the Week 15 win over the Jacksonville Jaguars putting him at second overall on the Washington Redskins all-time sacks list at 82.5 sacks, surpassing former defensive end Charles Mann. By the end of season, Kerrigan extended that record to 84.5 sacks. 2019

In Week 2 against the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> recorded his first sack of the season on Dak Prescott as the Redskins lost 31–21. In Week 11 against the New York Jets, Kerrigan sacked Sam Darnold twice and forced a fumble during the 34–17 loss. In Week 12 against the Detroit Lions, <mask> recorded half a sack on Jeff Driskel before exiting the game with a concussion. Without Kerrigan, the Redskins won 19–16. <mask> missed the following game against the Carolina Panthers due to the concussion he suffered.This was the first game that <mask> did not play in during his entire career. Though he returned the following week to play against the Green Bay Packers, he left the game in third quarter with a calf injury. <mask> was place on injured reserve on December 13, 2019. 2020
<mask> switched from the outside linebacker position to defensive end after Washington's new defensive coordinator Jack Del Rio implemented a 4–3 defense. In the season opening game against the Philadelphia Eagles, <mask> surpassed Dexter Manley as Washington's all-time leader in sacks after a two sack performance. He also recovered a fumble and was named NFC defensive player of the week following the game, the first of his career. He finished the year with 5.5 sacks, giving him 95.5 in his career with Washington.Philadelphia Eagles
<mask> signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles on May 17, 2021. Following his signing, <mask> stated that he didn't join the Eagles out of ill-will towards Washington, and that he signed because he liked the scheme and felt he would get more game time snaps. Ironically, <mask> had a very limited role with the Eagles; he only started in the last two games during the regular season, he didn't record any stats until week 5,  and he had zero regular season sacks. He was placed on the COVID list on December 23 and removed from the list on December 29.His first large impact with the team came in the Wild Card round against the Buccaneers where he recorded 3 combined tackles, 2 tackles for loss and 1.5 sacks on Tom Brady during the 31-15 loss. NFL career statistics

Personal life
<mask>'s father, Brendan, played football at Ball State. His brother, Kyle, was a member of the DePauw University swim team. <mask> has a severe loss of hearing in his left ear, which was caused by an ear infection he suffered at the age of eight.Kerrigan created a charitable foundation in 2013 to serve children in his community. <mask> has appeared in several local car dealership commercials. He appeared as NASA technician Garber in Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No! References

External links

Purdue Boilermakers bio

1988 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football defensive ends
American football outside linebackers
Sportspeople from Muncie, Indiana
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Indiana
Purdue Boilermakers football players
Washington Redskins players
Washington Football Team players
National Conference Pro Bowl players

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<mask> "Tough Tony" <mask> (December 1, 1904 – May 31, 1985), a miner and union representative from Montana, became president of the United Mine Workers of America union in 1963, serving until 1972. He was convicted in 1974 of charges of conspiracy in the murder of opponent Joseph A. Yablonski, his wife Margaret, and their daughter Charlotte, on New Year's Eve, December 31, 1969. After an appeal, his conviction and sentence were upheld at a second trial; he was sentenced to three life terms and died while still incarcerated. Yablonski had opposed <mask> for some time, arguing for more democratic representation among the locals, and had run against him in a bitter presidency election of the UMWA earlier in December, which <mask> won. Yablonski charged that fraud had been committed, asking for a Department of Labor investigation, and also filing five lawsuits against the union on specific related civil charges. Early years
<mask> was born in a gold mining camp in Bald Butte, Montana (about two miles southwest of Marysville), in 1904 to James and Catherine (Mallin<mask>. His father was a miner.The <mask> family was of Irish descent, and several generations of <mask>s had worked as miners in England and Scotland. <mask> attended public schools in Montana and Idaho before graduating from high school. He went to work in the mines alongside his father. Shortly thereafter, <mask>'s father died from tuberculosis, a lung disease often associated with mining, or exacerbated by its conditions. Marriage
<mask> married <mask> in 1928; they had a daughter, <mask>tte. Career
<mask> joined the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) soon after going to work in the mines. He was appointed president of District 27 (which covers Montana) and served in that capacity until 1948.During World War II, <mask> served on several government wartime production boards, and on the Montana State Unemployment Compensation Commission. In 1948, UMWA president John L. Lewis named <mask> as his assistant in the UMWA. He served until 1960, acting as Lewis' chief trouble-shooter and the union's chief administrator. Lewis simultaneously appointed him director of UMWA District 50 and regional director of the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) for four Western states. Presidency of UMWA
<mask> was elected vice president of UMWA in 1960. That same year, Lewis retired and 73-year-old Thomas Kennedy assumed leadership of the union. Kennedy had been vice president since 1947.Although Lewis favored <mask> as his successor, Kennedy was well liked and well known. Kennedy was in failing health, however, and <mask> took over many of the president's duties. In November 1962, Kennedy became too frail and ill to continue his duties. <mask> was named acting-president. Kennedy died on January 19, 1963. <mask> was elected president shortly thereafter, obviously Lewis's handpicked choice. From the beginning of his tenure, <mask> faced significant opposition from rank-and-file miners and UMWA leaders.Miners' attitudes about their union had changed. Miners wanted greater democracy and more local autonomy for their local unions. There was a widespread belief that <mask> was more concerned with protecting mine owners' interests than those of his members. Grievances filed by the union often took months—sometimes years—to resolve, lending credence to the critics' claim. Wildcat strikes occurred as local unions, despairing of UMWA assistance, sought to resolve local disputes with walkouts. Yablonski challenge and murder
In 1969, Joseph "Jock" Yablonski challenged <mask> for the presidency of UMWA. Yablonski had been president of UMWA District 5 (an appointed position) until <mask> had removed him in 1965.In an election widely seen as corrupt,  <mask> defeated Yablonski in the election held on December 9 by a margin of nearly two-to-one (80,577 to 46,073). Although <mask> won, the election was the first time since 1920 that the incumbents had less than 80 percent or more of the vote, or that there was any opposition at all. Observers expected the union to make changes in response to the growing insurgency movement and demands for change. Yablonski conceded the election, but on December 18, 1969, asked the United States Department of Labor (DOL) to investigate the election for fraud. He also initiated five lawsuits against UMWA in federal court. On December 31, 1969, three killers shot Yablonski, his wife, Margaret, and his 25-year-old daughter, Charlotte, as they slept in the Yablonski home in Clarksville, Pennsylvania. The bodies were discovered on January 5, 1970, by Yablonski's eldest son, Kenneth.<mask> was found to have ordered Yablonski's death months earlier, on June 23, 1969, after a meeting with his opponent at UMWA headquarters had degenerated into a screaming match. In September 1969, UMWA executive council member <mask> received $20,000 from <mask> (who had embezzled the money from union funds) to hire assassins to kill Yablonski. Paul Gilly, an out-of-work house painter and son-in-law of a minor UMWA official, and two drifters, <mask> Martin and Claude Vealey, agreed to do the job. Pass arranged for the murder to be postponed until after the election, to avoid suspicion falling on <mask>. Overturned election and defeat
Yablonski's murder acted as a catalyst for the federal investigation already requested. On January 8, 1970, Yablonski's attorney requested an immediate investigation of the 1969 election by DOL. The Department of Labor had taken no action on Yablonski's complaints in the brief time since his December request.After the murders, Labor Secretary George P. Shultz assigned 230 investigators to the UMWA investigation. The Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act (LMRDA) of 1959 regulates the internal affairs of labor unions, requiring regular secret-ballot elections for local union offices and providing for federal investigation of election fraud or impropriety. DOL is authorized under the act to sue in federal court to have the election overturned. By 1970, however, only three international union elections had been overturned by the courts. Meanwhile, a reform group, Miners for Democracy (MFD), had formed in April 1970 while the DOL investigation continued. Its members included most of the miners who belonged to the West Virginia Black Lung Association and many of Yablonski's supporters and campaign staff. The chief organizers of Miners for Democracy included Yablonski's sons, Ken and Joseph (known as "Chip"), both labor attorneys; Mike Trbovich, a union leader, and others.DOL filed suit in federal court in 1971 to overturn the 1969 UMWA election. On May 1, 1972, Judge <mask>. Bryant threw out the results of the 1969 UMWA international union elections. Bryant scheduled a new election to be held over the first eight days of December 1972. Additionally, Bryant agreed that DOL should oversee the election, to ensure fairness. Over the weekend of May 26 to May 28, 1972, MFD delegates gathered in Wheeling, West Virginia, nominated <mask>, a former miner and leader of a black-lung organization, as their candidate for the presidency of UMWA. On December 22, 1972, the Labor Department certified Miller as UMWA's next president. The vote was 70,373 for Miller and 56,334 for <mask>.Miller was the first candidate to defeat an incumbent president in UMWA history, and the first native West Virginian to lead the union. Convictions and death
In early March 1971, <mask> was indicted for embezzling $49,250 in union funds to make illegal campaign contributions in the 1968 presidential race. He was convicted in December 1973 to a three-year sentence and imprisoned at the federal penitentiary in Springfield, Missouri. On September 6, 1973, <mask> was arrested on first degree murder charges in the deaths of Jock Yablonski and his family. That month, <mask> attempted suicide but failed. National attention had been riveted on the investigations into the conspiracy to slay labor leader Joseph A. Yablonski. A nationwide FBI investigation produced sufficient evidence to charge three Cleveland-area residents with conspiracy to slay Yablonski.Through Grand Jury proceedings, a series of three conspiracy indictments were returned, charging five individuals. The investigation was conducted by U.S. Attorney Robert B. Krupansky, with Assistant U.S. Attorney Robert Jones (Ohio lawyer). Finally documentation and witnesses led to <mask>: “TONY BOYLE CHARGED IN YABLONSKI KILLING” they screamed on September 6th, 1973. His trial lasted from 25 March until April 11, 1974, when he was convicted. He was sentenced to three consecutive terms of life in prison. On January 28, 1977, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania overturned <mask>'s conviction and ordered that he be given a new trial. The court found that the trial judge had improperly refused to allow a government auditor to testify.<mask>'s attorneys said that the auditor's testimony could have exonerated <mask>. On January 16, 1978 <mask>'s murder retrial was set to resume. He had been convicted, but the Pennsylvania state Supreme Court had set aside the convictions on grounds <mask> was denied the right to present a complete defense. <mask> was tried a second time for the Yablonski slayings and found guilty on February 18, 1978. <mask> filed a third appeal to overturn his conviction in July 1979, but the motion was denied. <mask> served his murder sentence at State Correctional Institution – Dallas in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. He suffered from a number of stomach and heart ailments in his final years and was repeatedly hospitalized.He had a stroke in 1983. He died at a hospital in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania on May 31, 1985, aged 80. In popular culture
Barbara Kopple's 1976 documentary Harlan County USA included a segment on Yablonski's murder and its aftermath. It also includes the song "Cold Blooded Murder" (also known as "The Yablonski Murder"), sung by Hazel Dickens. The murders were also portrayed in a 1986 HBO television movie, Act of Vengeance. Charles Bronson (a native of Ehrenfeld, in the western Pennsylvania mining region) portrayed Yablonski and <mask> Brimley played <mask>. References

Sources
"<mask>'s Turn at Last", Time.April 15, 1974. Clark, Paul F. The Miners' Fight for Democracy: <mask> and the Reform of the United Mine Workers. Ithaca, New York: ILR Press, 1981. "The Fall of <mask>." Time. September 17, 1973. Franklin, Ben A."<mask> is Dead at 62; Former Mine Workers' er in the United Mine Workers, New York: Grossman, 1971. Lewis, <mask>. Murder By Contract: The People v. 'Tough Tony' <mask>, New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1975. "More Trouble for Tony", Time, March 15, 1972. "Oral History Interview with Dr. Donald Rasmussen"  B.L. Dotson-Lewis, interviewer. Nicholas County Schools, Summersville, West Virginia. March 1, 2004.Smith, J.Y. "Former UMW Chief <mask> Dies at 83." Washington Post. June 1, 1985. "Vindication for Jock Yablonski", Time, March 16, 1970. "W.A. 'Tony<mask>, Ex-Union President Convicted of Murder", Chicago Tribune.June 1, 1985. <mask>, John. "Top MFD Position Goes to Miller", Wheeling Intelligencer. May 29, 1972. "The Yablonski Contract." Time.'' May 15, 1972.External links
United Mine Workers of America

1904 births
1985 deaths
American trade unionists of Irish descent
American people convicted of murder
American trade union officials convicted of crimes
Presidents of the United Mine Workers
Prisoners who died in Pennsylvania detention
American people who died in prison custody
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Pennsylvania
People convicted of murder by Pennsylvania
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
People from Lewis and Clark County, Montana
Trade unionists from Montana
Trade unionists from Pennsylvania

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