texts:
<mask> (; born 9 July 1956) is a Russian Napoleonic era historian and convicted murderer. He is a Candidate of Historical Sciences and was a Docent of the Department of Modern History, Faculty of History of Saint Petersburg State University. His scientific and social activities were acknowledged by the Legion of Honour (Chevalier) in 2003. In November 2019, he murdered, then subsequently dismembered and decapitated his 24-year-old mistress and former student Anastasia Yeshchenko. In December 2020, he was found guilty of intentional murder and sentenced to 12.5 years in high-security prison. Biography

<mask> was born on 9 July 1956 in Leningrad (present-day Saint Petersburg), Russian SFSR, Soviet Union. In 1979, he graduated with a specialist degree in physics and engineering from the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute.In 1984, he graduated with honors from the Department of Modern and Contemporary History,  of Leningrad State University. In 1991, under the supervision of Professor , a Doctor of Historical Sciences, he defended his dissertation at St. Petersburg State University for the degree of Candidate of Historical Sciences on the topic of The Officer Corps of the French Army Under the Ancien Régime and During the Revolution of 1789–1799 (speciality 07.00.03 – general history). The official opponents were Professor , a Doctor of Historical Sciences, and researcher at the  Sergey Iskyul, a Candidate of Historical Sciences. The external review was conducted by the Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Since 2000, he had been a Docent of the Department of Modern History, Faculty of History of St. Petersburg State University. He is the author of a number of works on the military history of Europe of the 17th–early 19th centuries. In 1999, he published a major study, Napoleon's Army, which was translated into French in 2003.In 2006, he published the two-volume monograph Austerlitz. Napoleon, Russia and Europe, 1799–1805, a study of the premises and course of Napoleon's first war against the anti-French coalition. He translated into Russian and supplemented with extensive commentary Memoirs of the Napoleonic Wars 1802–1815 () by French officer Octave Levavasseur, who took part in all military campaigns (except for the Russian campaign of 1812) by Napoleon Bonaparte. He was a prominent figure in Russian historical reenactment. In 1976, he founded the first reenactment group of the Napoleonic era. In February 1989, the Federation of Military History Clubs of the USSR was created and <mask> became its president. In subsequent years, <mask> continued to lead the association of clubs involved in reenactment (Military-Historical Association of Russia (1996), All-Russian Military-Historical Social Movement (2006)).Arrest for murder and sentence
On 9 November 2019, <mask> was detained on suspicion of the murder of , his 24-year-old lover, his graduate student at St. Petersburg State University and his co-author of scholarly works. There is an ongoing investigation by the Investigative Committee of Russia. On 11 November, <mask> was charged with wilful murder (article 105 of the Criminal Code) and was arrested for two months until 8 January 2020 with the detention in the Kresty Prison. On 13 November, his defense lawyer said that <mask> had given full testimony on the case (he had previously refused to do so, referring to the 51st article of the Constitution of the Russian Federation). According to the investigation, <mask> was found in the Moyka River in Saint Petersburg with a backpack containing the woman's arms and a weapon. Local media claims he was drunk and fell into the river as he tried to dispose of the body parts. Police found more body parts in his home, but the package with the victim's torso was not retrieved from the river until 11 November.He has admitted guilt and is willing to cooperate in the investigation. According to <mask>'s defense lawyer, his client filed a confession, but the defense team does not intend to exclude the version of self-incrimination. In addition, his lawyer noted that <mask> was assigned a psychiatric examination. As <mask> himself stated during a meeting of the Oktyabrsky District Court of St. Petersburg, the crime was committed on the basis of a personal conflict, because, according to him, Yeshchenko had “recently a terrible reaction to my children” and “she started to freak at their mention” and then they both “lost control” during a quarrel and then “she attacked me with a knife”. At the same time, according to the local media, the young woman was killed in her sleep by a shot in the head. Then three more shots followed, also in the head. He is said to have planned to get rid of the body before publicly committing suicide dressed as Napoleon at the Peter and Paul Fortress.The representative of the Investigative Committee also promised to verify <mask>'s involvement in the beating of another woman. In 2018, the Moskovskij Komsomolets newspaper published an article in which <mask>'s student accused the lecturer of brutal beating in 2008. Soon after reports of his detention, the Russian Military Historical Society (RMHS), chaired by Minister of Culture Vladimir Medinsky, removed from its website all mention of <mask> <mask>, who formerly was a member of its scientific council, and the adviser to the RMHS chairman announced that she had heard his name for the first time. French  (ISSEP), founded by Marion Maréchal, the niece of Marine Le Pen, had removed him from his position on its scientific committee on Saturday (9 November). He was subsequently dismissed from his post at Saint Petersburg State University. On 25 December 2020, <mask> was sentenced to twelve years and a half in jail after being convicted of the murder. Works

Monographs
 in Russian

 in French

 in Polish

Articles

 in Russian
 Соколов О. В. Высшие офицеры французской армии и революционное правительство в 1792—1794 гг.// От Старого порядка к Революции / под ред. проф. В. Г. Ревуненкова. — Л., 1988. Соколов О. В. Ульмская операция 1805 года // Орел. — 1993. — № 1, 2, 3.Соколов О. В. Офицеры короля // Империя истории. — 2001. — № 1. Соколов О. В. Генерал Антуан-Анри Жомини и его роль в развитии российской военной науки // Швейцарцы в Петербурге. — СПб, 2002. Соколов О. В. Испания в огне. Сомо-Сьерра // Империя истории.— 2002. — № 2. Соколов О. В. Рыцарство как элита средневекового общества // Империя истории. — 2002. — № 2. Соколов О. В. Час отваги и мужества. Битва при Никополе // Империя истории.— 2002. — № 2. Соколов О. В. Испания в огне. Погоня за Муром // Империя истории. — 2002. — № 3. Соколов О. В. Дух армии Наполеона // Империя истории.— 2002. — № 3. Соколов О. В. Французская армия и переворот 18 брюмера // Наполеон. Легенда и реальность. Материалы научных конференций и наполеоновских чтений. 1996—1998 / Сост. А. Васильев, Г. Л. Медынцева.— СПб. : Минувшее, 2003. — 444 с. — 500 экз. — . Соколов О. В. Начало Польской кампании или должны ли французы умирать за Польшу? // Империя истории.— 2006. — № 4. Соколов О. В. Рокруа — триумф юной отваги // Империя истории. — 2006. — № 4. Соколов О. В. Записки генерала В. И. Левенштерна", Подготовка текста, вступительная статья и комментарии // Труды кафедры истории Нового и новейшего времени. 2013.№ 10 / Сост. Т. Н. Гончарова. — СПб, 2013. — С. 120—150
 Соколов О. В. Поляки на службе Наполеона в сражении на Березине, 28 ноября 1812 г. // Desperta Ferro (Madrid), 2013 г.
 Соколов О. В. Русско-французские отношения накануне войны 1805 г. // Труды кафедры истории Нового и новейшего времени.2013. № 11. / Сост. Т. Н. Гончарова. — СПб., 2013. С. 67—84
 Соколов О. В. Вступление // к монографии А. Королёва: «По следам Великой армии Наполеона»
 Соколов О. В. Военно-политическая обстановка во время подписания Тильзитского мира и реакция на договор в свете синхронных источников // Вестник СПбГУ.Серия 2. — 2015. — Выпуск 1. — С. 35—46
 Соколов О. В. Итальянская армия Бонапарта накануне похода 1796 г. // Труды кафедры Новой и Новейшей истории. — 2015.— № 15. — С. 50—67

 in French

 <mask> O. V. Le regiment Pavlovski en 1811 // Tradition Magazine. № 52, 1991. Sokolov O. V. La campagne de Russie. Les origines du conflit // Napoléon Ier. № 5, 2001.Sokolov O. V. La campagne de Russie. L’offensive de Napoléon, de Vilna a Witebsk // Napoléon Ier. № 6, 2001. Sokolov O. V. La campagne de Russie. La bataille de Smolensk // Napoleon Ier. № 7, 2001. Sokolov O. V. La campagne de Russie.La Moskowa // Napoléon Ier. № 8, 2001. <mask> O. V. La campagne de Russie. De Moscou a Viazma // Napoléon Ier. № 9, 2001. <mask> O. V. La campagne de Russie. Berezina // Napoléon Ier.№ 10, 2001. <mask> O. V. 1805 — Napoleon marche vers Austerlitz (1). Wertingen — Haslach — Elchingen // Revue de l'histoire napoléonienne. № 3, 2005. <mask> O. V. 1805 — Napoleon marche vers Austerlitz (2). Amstetten — Durrenstein — Hollabrunn // Revue de l'histoire napoléonienne, № 6, 2006. <mask> O. V. Austerlitz 1805.Le plan de Napoléon — la bataille d’Austerlitz — le bilan // Revue de l'histoire napoléonienne. № 27, 2009. <mask> O. V. «Los Polacos en el Berezina» // Historia militar y política del mundo moderno, siglos XVI—XIX. Desperta Ferro, Madrid, 2014, № 8, р. 46—53. Translations

Fiction

Notes and references

Notes

References

External links
 Russia professor admits murder after woman's arms found in bag

1956 births
Living people
20th-century Russian historians
21st-century Russian historians
21st-century Russian writers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
French–Russian translators
Historians of the Napoleonic Wars
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Russian military historians
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Saint Petersburg State University faculty
Soviet historians
Writers from Saint Petersburg
Russian people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Russia

masks:
Oleg Valeryevich Sokolov
Oleg Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Oleg
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov
Sokolov


type: original

texts:
<mask> (December 27, 1926 – July 1, 2011) was an American martial artist and writer, most noted for his prodigious output of books and articles about the Asian martial arts and their masters. <mask>'s writing was an important factor in the spread of Asian martial arts such as judo, karate, and taijiquan into the postwar United States. Early life
Born on a farm in Iowa, he was sent at the age of three to an orphanage due to his family's economic distress. There he became a voracious reader. In high school, he learned boxing and wrestling. He joined the U.S. Marines at seventeen. While in the Marines <mask> completed his high school requirements through a correspondence course.He was honorably discharged in 1946. <mask> attended college on the G.I. Bill, eventually earning a M.A. in History from the University of Washington in 1953. <mask>'s interest in boxing and pursuit of Asian martial arts (especially judo) continued unabated. After a brief stint with the Red Cross, <mask> joined the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency as an Intelligence Officer and moved to Bethesda, Maryland. Taiwan
From 1959 to 1962 he was posted by the CIA to Taiwan.The Republican Chinese government led by Chiang Kai-shek had fled to Taiwan (Formosa) after the victory of Mao Zedong and the Communists on the mainland in 1949. Protected by the U.S. Seventh Fleet, Taiwan became the seat of government for the Republic of China - the only Chinese government diplomatically recognized by the U.S. Government until the 1970s. <mask> worked as a liaison to the Republican government. While in Taiwan <mask> trained and studied with many masters of Chinese martial arts (e.g., baguazhang, xingyiquan). Most importantly, he met Professor Cheng Man-ch'ing (Zheng Manqing), the  "master of five excellences" - calligraphy, poetry, painting, Chinese medicine, and taijiquan. Legend has it that <mask> had to keep knocking on  Cheng's door for at least six months before Cheng would accept him as his first non-Chinese student.While waiting to study with Cheng, <mask> studied with T.T. Liang. Cheng and his students would meet every Sunday in Taiwan for taijiquan and tuishou ("push hands"—which <mask> often preferred to translate as "sensing hands"). Cheng moved to the United States in the mid-1960s and lived and taught in New York City for a number of years before returning to Taiwan in the mid-1970s. <mask> and Cheng kept in close contact until Cheng's death in 1975. America
<mask> returned to Bethesda in 1962 and initially taught judo at the local YMCA, but later concentrated on taijiquan, baguazhang, and xingyiquan. Starting in 1962, <mask> taught a popular free early Saturday morning taijiquan class at the YMCA.This continued for 26 years. During those years he worked, raised a family, taught, and wrote about martial arts. <mask> retired from teaching in 1988 and he and his wife Alice moved to the foothills of the Smoky Mountains. Over the years <mask> befriended many boxers and martial artists and sought many teachers. He was driven by a friendly curiosity that evolved over time into an expertise on Asian martial arts. He was one of the first western writers to introduce Asian martial arts to the West. <mask>'s writings

Beginning in the 1950s, <mask> wrote articles for such martial arts magazines as Budokwai Quarterly Bulletin, Judo, Strength and Health, Black Belt, and the Journal of Asian Martial Arts, and served on the editorial board for Taijiquan Journal.<mask>'s articles whetted the appetite of the American martial arts community, which paved the way for Asian masters to then develop followings in the US. Always written with a flair, <mask>'s numerous books and articles offer martial techniques, history, anecdotes, opinions, humor, and quotes from his wide-ranging personal training, research, and reading. <mask> collaborated with his teacher Cheng Man-ch'ing on one of the earliest English taijiquan books (T'ai Chi, Tuttle, 1967), and with Benjamin Lo on a translation of one of the earliest taijiquan books: <mask>'s 1929 book T'ai chi ch'uan ta wen—Questions and Answers on T'ai Chi Ch'uan (North Atlantic, 1985). <mask>'s memoir, "Martial Musings" (1999) was written much as he taught taijiquan, i.e., with a thousand anecdotal stories and a sharp sense of humor. He wrote, co-wrote, edited, co-edited and co-translated fourteen books on the martial arts and over twenty articles with a particular focus on China. He also wrote three books under the nom de plume of John F. Gilbey. "Gilbey's" first book, Secret Fighting Arts of the World, was a work of fiction parodying various martial arts tall tales, but was widely assumed to be non-fiction when it was first released.The second Gilbey book, The Way of a Warrior, was effectively a sequel to Secret Fighting Arts and the third, Western Boxing and World Wrestling, was a largely non-fictional compilation of boxing and wrestling anecdotes. <mask> edited the first book in English on Shaolin Temple boxing. In addition, he wrote the first books in English on baguazhang and xingyiquan, as well as the above-mentioned T'ai Chi. <mask> thus, was a key figure in introducing Western readers to these three "internal" martial arts of China. <mask> was also a frequent contributor of book reviews and opinion letters to Washington-D.C.-area newspapers

"Quotations from Chairman <mask>," Sayings lovingly recollected by former students - circa 1978 to 1985
“PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE .... “

“Tai Chi is like swimming in air.” From ,“The Tai Chi Classics.”

“This is the Marine Corps school of Tai Chi.” Said jokingly while students were holding tough postures. “You may hate me now, but you’ll thank me later.” Implying that our workouts in class would lead to better relaxation and sleep later. “It takes at least two years of practicing Tai Chi to realize you know nothing.” I suggest an additional zero - make it twenty years instead!“Professor said, there are three ways to learn Tai Chi, through natural ability, good teaching, and perseverance.”

“Tai Chi is a way of getting the body to fool the mind into relaxing.”

“When you’re relaxed, you are your true self.” He suggested, for example to “always remember moments such as sitting on the beach, watching and listening to the waves, and being totally relaxed.”

“The mind is like a raging bull.”

“I stopped believing in Santa Claus when he went out in the alley and shot himself." His father committed suicide. “Don’t underestimate a street fighter ......First, you shouldn’t be in that part of town to begin with. Second, don’t ever let them get you off your feet. If they do (get you off your feet), the last thing you know, a foot will be coming for your head”

“Don’t forget that scene in ‘Raiders of the Lost Ark’ when the guy waves the sword around in the air, and Indiana Jones pulls out his gun and shoots him. .... Remember, no man can outrun a bullet.”

“Push from the center.”

“If you stay in the quiet standing position long enough, you will feel Chi.”

“If you exercise, make sure you do it consistently, whether twice a day or twice a week.”

“Go without sleep, go without food, but don’t go without Tai Chi.”

“Tai Chi is not just a fad, it is way of living.[2]

“Ego is a merciless master.”

“Don’t give him support, give him air.”[3]

“He has your wrist, but you have his mind.” [4]

“In Tai Chi we don’t have any hitch hikers. [5] This was a critique of a habit or reflex (attributed to tension) during Tai Chi practice of allowing the thumb to sometimes stick out. [2] Attributed to Mrs. <mask>. [3] Attributed to <mask> student, Nicholas Carroll. [4] Ibid. [5] Attributed to senior student <mask>. Selected bibliography

 <mask>ming.T'ai Chi Ch'uan Ta Wen: Questions and Answers on T'ai Chi Ch'uan, Lo, Benjamin and <mask><mask>, translators. (1929; translation North Atlantic, 1985) . Cheng Man-ch'ing and <mask><mask>. T'ai Chi. 1967. .
 Draeger, Donn and <mask><mask>. Asian Fighting Arts, Kodansha International, 1969; re-titled Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts upon republication, 1980 (). Gilbey, John (Robert W. Smith).Secret Fighting Arts of the World. (Tuttle, 1963). Gilbey, John. "The Way of a Warrior," (Richmond, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1982). Guterman, A. and <mask><mask>. "Neurological Sequalae of Boxing." Sports Medicine, 4:3 (1987), 194–210.Mason, Russ. "Fifty Years in the Fighting Arts: An Interview with <mask><mask>," Journal of Asian Martial Arts, 10:1 (2001), 36–73. Martial Arts: The Real Story (Pacific Street Films, 2000). First broadcast on The Learning Channel, July 7, 2000. <mask>, <mask>. Chinese Boxing: Masters and Methods. 1974, 1990. .
<mask>, <mask>. Martial Musings: A Portrayal of Martial Arts in the 20th Century. (Erie, PA:  Media Publishing, 1999).---A Complete Guide to Judo: Its Story and Practice. (Tuttle, 1958). ---"Donn Draeger--A Lifelong Embodiment of the Samurai Code." Journal of Asian Martial Arts, 8:3 (1999), 18–33. ---Martial Musings. 1999. .
 ---Secrets of Shaolin Temple Boxing''. (Tuttle, 1964).See also
Cheng Man-ch'ing
Donn F. Draeger
Dong Haichuan
Manuel Velazquez
Gulam
<mask> (scholar)
Ernest John Harrison

References

External links
A more complete bibliography of <mask><mask>'s martial arts writings

1926 births
2011 deaths
American martial artists
American historians
American educators

masks:
Robert William Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Chen Weiming
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Warren Connor
Chen Wei
Robert W
. Smith
Robert W
. Smith
Robert W
. Smith
Robert W
. Smith
Robert W
. Smith
Smith
Robert W
Smith
Robert W
Chen Weiming
Robert W
. Smith


texts:
<mask> is an Australian oncology nurse, clinical trialist, researcher, and senior administrator. He is a Professor of Cancer Nursing, and Inaugural Director of the Caring Futures Institute within the College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University. He also holds academic titles as NHMRC Investigator Fellow and Matthew Flinders Fellow. <mask> has published over 160 peer reviewed articles. His research program focuses on the health services’ and health professionals’ responses to the needs of people affected by cancer in the post-treatment survivorship phase. His research interests include management of distressing cancer- or treatment-related toxicities, enhancing integrated care models involving primary care providers, and improving outcomes for people receiving palliative/end-of-life care. <mask> is a Fellow of Australian College of Nursing.He is an Associate Editor for the Journal of Cancer Survivorship. In 2021, he was inducted to the Sigma Theta Tau International Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame. Education
<mask> studied in School of Nursing at Queensland University of Technology and received his Bachelor of Nursing degree in 2004, a Master of Applied Science by Research in 2008, and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in 2014. Career
<mask> started his career as a Personal Care Assistant at Greenslopes Hospital in 2002, and later joined Mater Adult Hospital as a Registered Nurse in 2004. He then held an appointment as a Clinical Nurse (Palliative Care) at Princess Alexandra Hospital between 2005 and 2008. Following this appointment, he joined Metro North Hospital and Health Service and held the roles of Cancer Nurse Researcher, Deputy Director of Cancer Research, and Professor of Nursing between 2008 and 2017. <mask> was appointed as Professor of Cancer Nursing in 2018 at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Hospital and Health Service and Queensland University of Technology.In August, 2021, <mask> commenced as Inaugural Director for the Caring Futures Institute at Flinders University, South Australia. <mask> is a Past President of the Cancer Nurses Society of Australia (CNSA), and serves as a Director on the Board of the International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care (ISNCC). In 2021, <mask> was appointed by the Australian Federal Minister of Health to the Research Committee National Health and Medical Research Council. Research
<mask> has worked to advance the management of distressing cancer- or treatment-related toxicities, and enhance integrated care models for cancer survivors. Cancer survivorship models of care
<mask> is an active clinical trialist who has developed, tested and implemented innovative shared-care models for breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma, and  survivors. <mask> is an active clinical trialist who has developed, tested and implemented innovative shared-care models for breast cancer, prostate cancer, lymphoma and neuroendocrine cancer survivors. As a nurse, he advocates for a nurse-enabled, multidisciplinary approach involving cancer specialists (medical specialists and specialist cancer nurses) and primary care providers (general practitioners and practice nurses).Symptom and toxicity management

Skin toxicity
<mask>’s clinical trials and meta-analyses in radiation dermatitis have been adopted into clinical guidelines from Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC); Oncology Nursing Society; UpToDate; and the EVIQ guidelines. In 2019, <mask>’s StrataXRT Trial provided a breakthrough as the world’s first positive trial for a non-steroidal intervention effective for reducing the risk of developing wet desquamation by 49% in patients receiving radiotherapy for head & neck cancer. Financial toxicity
<mask> is an active researcher in the field of financial toxicity (i.e. distress, burden, hardship). His work highlights the significance and prevalence of financial toxicity in cancer survivors. In 2017, he obtained an Oncology Nursing Foundation Fellowship to conduct a series of work on the relationships between financial toxicity or employment interference and symptom burden in cancer survivors. <mask>’s work reported significant relationships between financial toxicity and physical/psychological symptom burden in cancer survivors, providing directions for further interventional work to improve patient outcomes.Fatigue
<mask>’s doctoral work examined self-management of fatigue in cancer survivors living with metastatic disease. Over recent years, the focus of his work has shifted to facilitate translation of available research evidence into practice. In 2020, he was awarded by the PA Research Foundation to develop a model of care, in collaboration with Cancer Council Queensland, for addressing cancer-related fatigue in all cancer survivors. Awards and honors
2014 - Outstanding Young Alumnus of the Year, Queensland University of Technology
2014 - Premier’s Award for Excellence in Leadership, Queensland Government
2016 - Young Tall Poppy Science Award, Australian Institute of Policy and Science
2021 - Inductee, Sigma Theta Tau International Nurse Researcher Hall of Fame
2021 - Nurse of the Year (Finalist), HESTA Australian Nursing Awards

Bibliography
<mask> R, Webster J. End-of-life care pathways for improving outcomes in caring for the dying (Review). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010, Issue 1. Art.No. : CD008006. DOI:10.1002/1451858.CD008006
<mask>, Mann J, Keller J, Cheuk R, Tripcony L, Blades R, Keogh S (2014) Aqueous cream versus a natural oil-based emulsion containing allantoin for managing radiation-induced skin reactions in patients with cancer: A double-blind randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics. 90 (4): 756-764. Molassiotis A, Yates P, Li Q, So WKW, Pongthavornkamol K, Pittayapan P, Komatsu H, Thandar M, Yi MS, Titus Chacko S, Lopez V, Butcon J, Wyld W, <mask> (2017). Mapping unmet supportive care needs in cancer survivors across the Asia-Pacific region: Results from the international STEP study.Annals of Oncology. 28: 2552-2558. <mask>, Blades R, Jones L, Downer T, Peet S, Button E, Wyld D, McPhail S, Doolan M, Yates P (2019). A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of StrataXRT® - a silicone-based film-forming gel dressing for prophylaxis and management of radiation dermatitis in patient with head and neck cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 139: 72-78. Rickard C, Marsh N, Larsen E, McGrail M, Graces N, Runnegar N, Webster J, Corley A, McMillan D, Gowardman J, Long D, Fraser J, Gill F, Young J, Murgo M, Alexandrou E, Coudhury MA, <mask>, Gavin N, Daud A, Palermo A, Regli A, Playford G (2021) Replacement intervals for infusion sets to prevent central and arterial vascular catheter -related bloodstream infections: a randomised controlled trial (RSVP Trial).The Lancet. 397 (10283): 1447-1458. References

Living people
Australian nurses
Flinders University faculty
Australian academic administrators
Queensland University of Technology alumni
Queensland University of Technology faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Raymond Javan Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan
Chan R
Chan R
Chan R
Chan R


texts:
<mask> (born February 22, 1978) is an American former professional basketball player, that served as an NBA scout for the Minnesota Timberwolves and Washington Wizards. He was selected by the Dallas Mavericks in the second round, with the 58th pick of the 2000 NBA draft. He currently serves as the president of Mickeal Sports Group (MSG) which specializes in marketing and placing professional basketball players worldwide. <mask>, is considered one of the greatest american player's to ever play in Europe. With 12 cup championships in the (ACB) Spain which is widely considered the second best league in the world. Along with a 2010 Euroleague Championship with Barcelona, he is a Junior college Hall of Famer with 2 national championships at Indian Hills. He is the current president of the Myrtle Beach International Combine, a college pre-draft combine that broke records in 2021 with 400,000 views on Twitch.High school career
Born in Rock Island, Illinois, <mask> attended Rock Island High School, the same school attended by former NBA player and coach Don Nelson. In two full seasons of varsity basketball, <mask> broke the school's all-time scoring record. College career
After high school, <mask> played for two years as a small forward with Indian Hills Community College. As a sophomore at Indian Hills C.C., he was named National Junior College Player of the Year, after leading the team to its second straight national championship. For his junior year, he transferred to play at Cincinnati, where he played with the Cincinnati Bearcats. As a senior, he was named an Honorable Mention All-American by the Associated Press. Professional career

NBA
After two productive seasons with Cincinnati, <mask> entered the 2000 NBA Draft.After being drafted by the Dallas Mavericks, <mask> participated in training camp with them. He never played for them in an actual game. His contract with the Mavs was waived, but he was soon signed as a free agent by the New York Knicks. He was on the injured reserve his entire time as a Knick, and was waived later in the season. In the 2002–03 season, he drew attention again from the NBA, being signed to a practice-squad contract with the Houston Rockets, before being waived a week later. He also played with the Orlando Magic in the Orlando Summer League and the Las Vegas Summer League in 2004. American Basketball Association
After his unsuccessful run in the NBA, <mask> went on to have great success in the ABA with the Tampa Bay ThunderDawgs, and particularly the Kansas City Knights.After leading the Knights to a 35–5 record in the 2001–02 season, <mask>'s team won that year's championship, and he was awarded the league MVP award and Final MVP award. Asia
After the 2001–02 season in the ABA, <mask> signed with the Talk 'N Text Phone Pals team of the Philippine Basketball Association. He also played in the South Korean League during the 2006–07 season, playing with Daegu Orions. Europe
After playing with the Houston Rockets practice-squad, <mask> returned overseas for the 2003–04 season. He played in the Greek League with both Peristeri and Makedonikos, with a brief 2004 interlude in the Russian SuperLeague with Dynamo Moscow. In 2005, he moved to the Spanish League club Breogán. After a season there, he went to the South Korean League for the 2006–07 season, playing with Daegu Orions, before returning to the Spain to play with the Spanish League club TAU Cerámica.On June 29, 2009, he signed with the Spanish League club FC Barcelona. During the EuroLeague 2009–10 season, <mask> played at small forward for FC Barcelona, and he helped them win the EuroLeague 2010 Final. In 2012, he was named to the All-ACB Finals Team. On January 10, 2014, he signed with UCAM Murcia. On February 23, 2014 he parted ways with Murcia after playing only 5 games in ACB League. Latin America
On March 9, 2014, he signed with Cangrejeros de Santurce of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional. However, he was released on May 31, 2014, due to his knee injury.On October 28, 2014, Mickael signed with Bucaneros de La Guaira of Venezuela for the 2015 LPB season. On November 26, 2015, he signed with Atenas de Córdoba of the Argentine Liga Nacional de Básquet. On December 19, 2015, he parted ways with Atenas after appearing in five games. On May 9, 2016, he re-signed with Atenas. Post-playing career
After he retired from playing professional basketball, <mask> became a scout, for the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves. References

External links
 Twitter Account
 Euroleague.net Profile
 Eurobasket.com Profile
 Spanish League Profile
 TheDraftReview.com Profile

1978 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in the Philippines
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in South Korea
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball players
Atenas basketball players
ABA All-Star Game players
Basketball players from Illinois
BC Dynamo Moscow players
Bucaneros de La Guaira players
Cangrejeros de Santurce basketball players
CB Breogán players
CB Murcia players
Cincinnati Bearcats men's basketball players
FC Barcelona Bàsquet players
Goyang Orion Orions players
Indian Hills Warriors basketball players
Kansas City Knights players
Liga ACB players
Makedonikos B.C. players
Minnesota Timberwolves scouts
New York Knicks draft picks
Peristeri B.C.players
Philippine Basketball Association imports
Saski Baskonia players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Rock Island, Illinois
Tampa Bay ThunderDawgs players
TNT Tropang Giga players
Universiade medalists in basketball
Universiade gold medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1999 Summer Universiade
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Fenton Pete Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal
Mickeal


texts:
<mask> (born February 1, 1937) is an American comedian, actor, and singer. He was part of the original cast of the sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live, appearing from 1975 to 1980, and played Jimmy on The Jeffersons (1983–1984). <mask> also had a role as Junior "Uncle Junior" King on the sitcom The Jamie Foxx Show, which aired from 1996 to 2001. <mask> had a starring role as Earl Washington on the CBS sitcom 2 Broke Girls, from 2011 to 2017. He was also known for his role in the sitcom Martin as Stan Winters, from 1992 to 1995, and the movie Cooley High. He played Slide in Car Wash (1976), and Carl in The Census Taker (1984). Early life and career

<mask> was born on February 1, 1937, in New Orleans, Louisiana and grew up in the poverty-stricken Gert Town neighborhood.A church-choir singer from his youth, he trained at the Juilliard School of Music and graduated from Dillard University in 1958. Early in his career, he performed with The Belafonte Folk Singers. He performed in a number of Broadway musicals, including Hallelujah, Baby! and Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death. In 1965, he worked alongside Amiri Baraka, Sun Ra, Albert Ayler and Sonia Sanchez at the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School in Harlem; during this period, the theater was frequently raided and surveilled by the New York City Police Department and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. He had a small role as a police sergeant in The Anderson Tapes (1971) and was a cast member in the short lived CBS sitcom, Roll Out. He also appeared as a high school teacher in the 1975 film Cooley High.<mask> also lived in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Saturday Night Live
<mask> has appeared in numerous television shows and movies since the early 1970s, but is best known as one of the original cast members of NBC's Saturday Night Live. Periodically on SNL he sang classical music: once a Mozart aria "Dalla Sua Pace", Don Ottavio's aria from Don Giovanni when guest-host Walter Matthau designated him as a "musical guest...in place of the usual crap", and once a Schubert lied while the titles on the screen expressed his colleagues' purported displeasure at having to accommodate a misguided request by him. In February 1977, he sang Tchaikovsky's Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt barefoot in colorful Caribbean dress while subtitles explained he had just returned from Jamaica where he had picked up a girl by claiming to be Harry Belafonte. One of <mask>'s best known characters on SNL was the Dominican baseball player Chico Escuela. Chico spoke only limited and halting English, so the joke centered on his responding to almost any question with his catch phrase: "Baseball... been berra berra good... to me". Another recurring bit, used in the newscast segment Weekend Update, involved <mask> being presented as "President of the New York School for the hard of hearing" and assisting the newscaster by shouting the main headlines, in a parody of the then-common practice of providing sign language interpretation in an inset on the screen as an aid to the deaf viewer.According to the book Saturday Night: A Backstage History of Saturday Night Live, <mask> was frequently unhappy during his tenure on SNL from 1975 to 1980, and expressed the opinion that he was usually typecast in stereotypical roles. Black performers who have followed <mask> on SNL have at times been publicly concerned with experiencing the same fate <mask> did. Eddie Murphy, for example, told TV Guide in the early 1980s that SNL producer Jean Doumanian "had tried to Garrett <mask> me". Recurring characters
 Chico Escuela, a Dominican baseball player for the New York Mets
 Cliff, the streetwise friend to the Festrunk Brothers (Dan Aykroyd and Steve Martin)
 Grant Robinson, Jr., one of The Nerds
 Hodo, one of Miles Cowperthwaite's cronies
 Merkon, the leader of the Coneheads
 Weekend Update's "News for the Hard of Hearing" translator, who simply repeated each line while speaking very loudly. Later life and career
In 1976, <mask> appeared in the movie Car Wash, playing the role of Slide the bookmaker. In 1983 and 1984, <mask> appeared in five episodes of The Jeffersons, playing a character named Jimmy. He starred in the 1984 film The Census Taker, a 1984 black comedy directed by Bruce R. Cook.In 1985, he appeared in Larry Cohen's science fiction horror film The Stuff, playing cookie magnate "Chocolate Chip Charlie", a parody of Famous Amos. That year he also guested on Murder, She Wrote as "Lafayette Duquesne". In 1986, <mask> began playing a regular occasional character, "Arnold 'Sporty' James", on the NBC cop drama Hunter, starring Fred Dryer and Stepfanie Kramer. <mask> appeared in Married... with Children as Russ, one of Al's poker buddies, in "The Poker Game", in a 1987 season 1 episode and again in the season 23 episode "Requiem for a Dead Barber". <mask> continually appeared as "Sporty" on Hunter through 1989. He also appeared in the 1992 horror comedy Severed Ties starring Oliver Reed. In 1994, he was "shot by a would-be mugger", whom he "attempted to fight off", but has made a recovery, as he discussed on the January 14, 2016 episode of Marc Maron's podcast WTF.In a radio interview, he mentioned that the robber who shot him was eventually convicted and incarcerated. In prison, inmates who happened to be fans of <mask> teamed up and beat up the robber, in revenge. At the time of the shooting, <mask> was starring on Martin as Martin's first boss, Stan Winters. <mask>' shooting rendered him temporarily unable to continue in the role; he was written out of the show by having the character become a national fugitive. The scene where he is about to undergo plastic surgery was shot on the hospital bed <mask> occupied while recuperating from the 1994 assault. He made a final appearance as Stan during the show's third season, walking with a cane due to <mask>' real injuries, but Stan's reason was that he had crashed his car during a police chase. <mask> also had regular roles on Diff'rent Strokes, The Jeffersons, Hill Street Blues, 227, and Roc.He also appeared in an episode of Who's the Boss, "Sam's Car" (1989), playing the role of Officer Audette. He was a regular cast member on The Jamie Foxx Show, playing Jamie's uncle, Junior King, for the show's entire run. In 1998, <mask> appeared as himself in the fourth episode of the fifth season of the TV series, Space Ghost Coast to Coast. In 2002, <mask> made a cameo appearance on an episode of Saturday Night Live hosted by Brittany Murphy. In 2006, <mask> reprised his role as "Headmaster of the New York School for the Hard of Hearing" in a cameo on the TV series Family Guy, in the episode "Barely Legal". He continued to perform regularly in films. He also operated and was the host of his own comedy club, The Downtown Comedy Club in downtown Los Angeles.On February 9, 2007, Los Angeles mayor Antonio Villaraigosa honored <mask> for his work and contributions to the black community. He declared February 9, 2007, <mask> Day and named The Downtown Comedy Club the official club of Los Angeles. In August 2008, <mask> played the role of Reverend Pratt in the family comedy drama film, The Longshots, starring Ice Cube and Keke Palmer. In 2009, <mask> appeared in two TV commercials for the Nintendo DS—one featuring Mario Kart DS, and the other featuring Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day!. In 2010, <mask> appeared in a television commercial for Miller Lite. The national commercial, titled "PopPop", features <mask> alongside actors Stacey Dash and Jason Weaver. The commercial takes a light-hearted look at a family relationship with <mask> playing the grandfather, PopPop, and Weaver as his grandson., <mask> has appeared in an ad for Orbit gum in the United States. In 2011, <mask> had a cameo role as a Catholic priest on the episode "Three Boys" on the Showtime series Shameless. He was cast as Earl in the CBS comedy 2 Broke Girls, which premiered on September 19, 2011. During the second season he faced a lawsuit from the Global Agency accusing him of not paying 10% of his income from the show as agreed. However, a rep from the show stated that he had not actually failed to do so. In 2015, <mask> appeared in a cameo in Ant-Man, referencing an old SNL sketch where he played the character. On September 9, 2016, <mask> and his family appeared on the ABC's game show Celebrity Family Feud, playing against Alfonso Ribeiro and Ribeiro's friends.In 2018, <mask> appeared in the NBC show This Is Us. In 2019, <mask> appeared in the fifth episode of A Black Lady Sketch Show, titled "Why Are Her Pies Wet, Lord?". Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

 Video:
 <mask> as Chico on Weekend Update
 The Downtown Comedy Club

1937 births
Living people
African-American male actors
American male film actors
African-American male comedians
American male musical theatre actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of Cuban descent
American shooting survivors
Male actors from Los Angeles
Male actors from New Orleans
Dillard University alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American sketch comedians
Comedians from California
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century African-American male singers
21st-century African-American people

masks:
Garrett Isaac Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Garrett Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Garrett Morris
Garrett Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Garrett Morris


texts:
<mask> (November 9, 1892 – January 24, 1960) was an American actor. He appeared in more than 200 films between 1924 and 1958. Biography
Born in 1892, <mask> was the tall, smooth-talking villain in Hollywood films for almost four decades, beginning in 1923. <mask> made his first sound film in 1927 in the promotional trailer for The Jazz Singer, inviting audiences to see the upcoming landmark film. In later years he played imposing, authoritative parts such as high-ranking executives and military officers. He is best remembered as General Custer in Cecil B. DeMille's film The Plainsman. DeMille also cast him in two notable supporting roles in two of his biblical epics: the Danite elder Lesh Lakish in Samson and Delilah (1949), and the blind Israelite grandfather in The Exodus in The Ten Commandments (1956).<mask> died from cancer in Hollywood in 1960, aged 67. He was married to Victoire Lowe and adopted her two sons from her first marriage to actor Creighton Hale. (1927) as Victor Smith
 The Satin Woman (1927) as Maurice
 Stranded (1927) as Grant Payne
 The Desired Woman (1927) as Lieutenant Kellogg
 The Clown (1927) as Bert Colton
 A Sailor's Sweetheart (1927) as Mark
 The Jazz Singer (1927) as Host (uncredited)
 Sailor Izzy Murphy (1927) as The lunatic
 The Silver Slave (1927) as Philip Caldwell
 The Slaver (1927) as Cyril Blake
 Husbands for Rent (1927) as Hugh Frazer
 The Little Snob (1928) as Walt Keene
 Tenderloin (1928) as Bank Teller
 The Crimson City (1928) as Gregory Kent
 Glorious Betsy (1928) as Preston
 Lady Be Good (1928) as Murray
 Women They Talk About (1928) as Officer
 The Terror (1928) as Alfred Katman
 Land of the Silver Fox (1928) as James Crawford
 The Home Towners (1928) as Joe Roberts
 Stark Mad (1929) as Dr. Milo
 The Eternal Woman (1929) as Gil Martin
 Queen of the Night Clubs (1929) as Grant - Lawyer
 Hardboiled Rose (1929) as Steve Wallace
 The Desert Song (1929) as Capt. Commander Jack Griffin
 Possessed (1931) as <mask>
 West of Broadway (1931) as Norm
 Emma (1932) as District Attorney
 The Beast of the City (1932) as District Attorney
 Arsène Lupin (1932) as Prefect of Police
 The Wet Parade (1932) as Major Doleshal
 Are You Listening? (1932) as Ted Russell
 Night Court (1932) as Crawford
 The Rich Are Always with Us (1932) as Greg Grannard
 Unashamed (1932) as District Attorney Harris
 Prosperity (1932) as Holland
 The Kid from Spain (1932) as Pancho
 Flesh (1932) as Joe Willard
 Made on Broadway (1933)
 Whistling in the Dark (1933) as Charlie
 What! No Beer? (1933) as Butch Lorado
 The Nuisance (1933) as <mask>
 Blind Adventure (1933) as Regan
 The Way to Love (1933) as Marco
 The Mad Game (1933) as William Bennett
 Twin Husbands (1933) as Jerry Van Trevor / Jerry Werrenden
 King for a Night (1933) as Walter Douglas
 The Sin of Nora Moran (1933) as Paulino
 Madame Spy (1934) as Weber
 The Poor Rich (1934) as Prince Abdul Hamidshan
 Whirlpool (1934) as Barney Gaige
 The Line-Up (1934) as Reginald Fields
 Unknown Blonde (1934) as Frank Wilson
 Young and Beautiful (1934) as Gordon Douglas
 Belle of the Nineties (1934) as Ace Lamont
 Tomorrow's Youth (1934) as Thomas Hall Sr.The Ghost Walks (1934) as Prescott Ames
 Charlie Chan in Paris (1935) as Albert Dufresne
 Mississippi (1935) as Major Patterson
 Under the Pampas Moon (1935) as Graham Scott
 Three Kids and a Queen (1935) as Boss Benton
 Murder at Glen Athol (1936) as Bill Holt
 Sutter's Gold (1936) as Gen. Juan Bautista Alvarado
 Private Number (1936) as Stapp
 The Gentleman from Louisiana (1936) as Baltimore
 North of Nome (1936) as Dawson
 The Plainsman (1936) as Gen. George A. Custer
 Arizona Mahoney (1936) as Cameron Lloyd
 Of Human Hearts (1938)
 Man-Proof (1938) as Tommy Gaunt
 Border G-Man (1938) as Louis Rankin
 If I Were King (1938) as Thibaut D'Aussigny
 Ride a Crooked Mile (1938) as Lt. Col. Stuart
 Pardon Our Nerve (1939) as Duke Page
 The Oklahoma Kid (1939) as Ringo (the lawyer)
 Juarez (1939) as Mariano Escobedo
 Torchy Runs for Mayor (1939) as Dr. Dolan
 Fast and Furious (1939) as Eric Bartell
 Emergency Squad (1940) as Slade Wiley
 Women Without Names (1940) as <mask>, Asst Dist. Attey. Queen of the Mob (1940) as Pan
 New Moon (1940) as Pierre Brugnon
 Young Bill Hickok (1940) as Nicholas Tower
 Texas Rangers Ride Again (1940) as Carter Dangerfield
 The Cowboy and the Blonde (1941) as Bob Roycroft
 Double Cross (1941) as Nick Taggart
 Forced Landing (1941) as General Valdane
 The Deadly Game (1941) as Henri Franck
 Riot Squad (1941) as Jim Grosso
 Obliging Young Lady (1942) as George Potter
 True to the Army (1942) as Drake
 North of the Rockies (1942) as Lionel Morgan
 The Big Street (1942) as McWhirter (uncredited)
 Criminal Investigator (1942) as Edward Judson
 Scattergood Survives a Murder (1942) as Rolfe
 The Boss of Big Town (1942) as Kenneth Craige
 Submarine Alert (1943) as Mr. Bambridge / Capt. Haigas
 Bombardier (1943) as Chaplain Charlie Craig
 The Fallen Sparrow (1943) as Inspector 'Toby' Tobin
 The Iron Major (1943) as Oregon State Coach (uncredited)
 Bride by Mistake (1944) as Major Harvey
 The Merry Monahans (1944) as Arnold Pembroke, Has-Been Matinee Idol
 I Accuse My Parents (1944) as Dan Wilson
 It's in the Bag!

masks:
John Miljan
Miljan
Miljan
Miljan
John Driscoll
John Calhoun
John Marlin


texts:
<mask> (, born January 27, 1936) is a Chinese-American physicist who, with Burton Richter, received the Nobel Prize in 1976 for discovering the subatomic J/ψ particle. More recently he has been the principal investigator in research conducted with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a device installed on the International Space Station in 2011. Biography

<mask> was born to Chinese parents both from Ju County, Shandong province on January 27, 1936, in Ann Arbor, Michigan. His parents, Kuan-hai <mask> and Tsun-ying Wong, met and married as graduate students at the University of Michigan. <mask>'s parents returned to China two months after his birth where Ting was homeschooled by his parents throughout WWII. After the communist takeover of the mainland that forced the nationalist government to flee to Taiwan, Ting moved to the island in 1949. He would live in Taiwan from 1949 to 1956 and conducted most of his formal schooling there.His father started to teach engineering and his mother would teach psychology at National Taiwan University (NTU). Ting attended and finished Middle School in Taiwan. In 1956, Ting, who barely spoke English, returned to the United States at the age of 20 and attended the University of Michigan. There, he studied engineering, mathematics, and physics. In 1959, he was awarded a B.S.E. in mathematics and in physics, and in 1962, he earned a doctorate in physics. In 1963, he worked at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).From 1965, he taught at Columbia University and worked at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) in Germany. Since 1969, <mask> has been a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Ting was awarded the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award (in 1976), Nobel Prize in Physics (in 1976), Eringen Medal (in 1977), DeGaspari Award in Science from the Government of Italy (in 1988), Gold Medal for Science from Brescia, Italy (in 1988), and the NASA Public Service Medal (in 2001). Nobel Prize

In 1976, <mask> was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, which he shared with Burton Richter of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, for the discovery of the J/ψ meson nuclear particle. They were chosen for the award, in the words of the Nobel committee, "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind." The discovery was made in 1974 when <mask> was heading a research team at MIT exploring new regimes of high energy particle physics. <mask> gave his Nobel Prize acceptance speech in Mandarin.Although there had been Chinese Nobel Prize recipients before (Tsung-Dao Lee and <mask> Yang), none had previously delivered the acceptance speech in Chinese. In his Nobel banquet speech, Ting emphasized the importance of experimental work:

 In reality, a theory in natural science cannot be without experimental foundations; physics, in particular, comes from experimental work. I hope that awarding the Nobel Prize to me will awaken the interest of students from the developing nations so that they will realize the importance of experimental work. Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

In 1995, not long after the cancellation of the Superconducting Super Collider project had severely reduced the possibilities for experimental high-energy physics on Earth, <mask> proposed the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a space-borne cosmic-ray detector. The proposal was accepted and he became the principal investigator and has been directing the development since then. A prototype, AMS-01, was flown and tested on Space Shuttle mission STS-91 in 1998. The main mission, AMS-02, was then planned for launch by the Shuttle and mounting on the International Space Station.This project is a massive $2 billion undertaking involving 500 scientists from 56 institutions and 16 countries. After the 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster, NASA announced that the Shuttle was to be retired by 2010 and that AMS-02 was not on the manifest of any of the remaining Shuttle flights. Dr. Ting was forced to (successfully) lobby the United States Congress and the public to secure an additional Shuttle flight dedicated to this project. Also during this time, Ting had to deal with numerous technical problems in fabricating and qualifying the large, extremely sensitive and delicate detector module for space. AMS-02 was successfully launched on Shuttle mission STS-134 on May 16, 2011 and was installed on the International Space Station on May 19, 2011. Research
 Discovery of nuclear anti-matter (the anti-deuteron). Measuring the size of the electron family (the electron, the muon, and the tau) showing that the electron family has zero size (with a radius smaller than 10−17 cm).Precision study of light rays and massive light rays showing that light rays and massive light rays (vector mesons) can transform into each other at high energies and providing a critical verification of the quark model. Precision measurement of the radius of the atomic nuclei. Discovery of a new kind of matter (the J particle) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The Nobel Prize was awarded to Ting for this discovery. Discovery of the gluon (the particle responsible for transmitting the nuclear force). A systematic study of the properties of gluons. A precision measurement of muon charge asymmetry, demonstrating for the first time the validity of the Standard Electroweak Model (Steven Weinberg, Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam).Determination of the number of electron families and neutrino species in the Universe and the precision verification of the Electroweak Unification Theory. Proposed, constructed and leads the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) experiment on the International Space Station involving the participation of a 16 nation collaboration searching for the existence of antimatter, the origin of dark matter and the properties of cosmic rays. Development of the first large superconducting magnet for space application. AMS results, based on nine years in space and more than 160 billion cosmic rays, have changed our understanding of the cosmos. In his biographical for the Nobel Prize, he recalled:

 Since both my parents were working, I was brought up by my maternal grandmother. My maternal grandfather lost his life during the first Chinese Revolution. After that, at the age of thirty-three, my grandmother decided to go to school, became a teacher, and brought my mother up alone.When I was young I often heard stories from my mother and grandmother recalling the difficult lives they had during that turbulent period and the efforts they made to provide my mother with a good education. Both of them were daring, original, and determined people, and they have left an indelible impression on me. When I was twenty years old I decided to return to the United States for a better education. My parents' friend, G.G. Brown, Dean of the School of Engineering, University of Michigan, told my parents I would be welcome to stay with him and his family. At that time I knew very little English and had no idea of the cost of living in the United States. In China, I had read that many American students go through college on their own resources.I informed my parents that I would do likewise. I arrived at the Detroit airport on 6 September 1956 with $100, which at the time seemed more than adequate. I was somewhat frightened, did not know anyone, and communication was difficult. In 1960, Ting married Kay Louise Kuhne, an architect, and together they had two daughters, <mask> <mask>ning and <mask>. In 1985 he married Dr. <mask> Marks, and they had one son, <mask>, born in 1986. Selected publications

See also

 MIT Physics Department
 List of multiple discoveries
 J/ψ meson
 Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

References

External links

  including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1976 The Discovery of the J Particle: A Personal Recollection
 Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
 Faculty page at MIT
 Nobel-Winners.com Bio
 PBS bio
 Scientific publications of <mask>. C. Ting on INSPIRE-HEP

1936 births
Living people
20th-century American physicists
21st-century American physicists
American expatriates in Taiwan
American Nobel laureates
Brookhaven National Laboratory Nobel laureates
Chinese Civil War refugees
Columbia University faculty
Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Foreign members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science faculty
Members of Academia Sinica
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Nobel laureates in Physics
Particle physicists
People associated with CERN
People from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Scientists from Michigan
University of Michigan alumni
American people of Chinese descent

masks:
Samuel Chao Chung Ting
Samuel Ting
Ting
Ting
Ting
Ting
Ting
Ting
Chen Ning
Ting
Jeanne Ting
Chow
Amy Ting
Susan Carol
Christopher
Samuel C


texts:
<mask> (born Morris Schulman; 15 March 1886 – 3 February 1975) was an Russian-born American film actor. He appeared in more than 120 films between 1928 and 1969. Born March 1886 in Mogilev, Russian Empire (now Belarus), he immigrated to the United States in 1910. During the 1930s and 1940s, he was used by Universal Studios in minor roles for several Frankenstein movies, although he played different parts in each of them. He is perhaps best-remembered as the desperate father of the killed girl in Frankenstein (1931) with Boris Karloff. <mask> died in Los Angeles, California, in 1975. He's Making Eyes at Me (1940) - Small Thief (uncredited)
 Flash Gordon Conquers the Universe (1940, Serial) - Professor Karm [Chs.5-10]
 The Mummy's Hand (1940) - Bazaar Owner
 City for Conquest (1940) - Tonbstone Painter (uncredited)
 Arise, My Love (1940) - Joe - Botzelberg's Asst. (1969) Pushcart Man (uncredited)

References

External links

1886 births
1975 deaths
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
20th-century American male actors
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Russian descent

masks:
Michael Mark
Mark


texts:
<mask> (10 July 1908 – 25 August 1997) was an American journalist and author. He wrote short stories in the horror and fantasy genres for the pulp magazine market, appearing in such pulps of the bizarre and uncanny as Thrilling, Ghost Stories, Startling Stories, Thrilling Wonder Stories and Strange Stories. He also wrote stories crime and adventure which appeared in such pulps as Thrilling Adventures, Complete Stories, Top-Notch, Short Stories, The Skipper, Doc Savage and Dime Adventures Magazine. Jacobi also produced some science fiction, mainly space opera, published in such magazines as Planet Stories. He was one of the last surviving pulp-fictioneers to have contributed to the legendary American horror magazine Weird Tales during its "glory days" (the 1920s and 1930s). His stories have been translated into French, Swedish, Danish and Dutch. Biography

Early life and education

<mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1904 and lived there throughout his life.He was a lifelong bachelor. He was a voracious reader, gulping down at an early age quantities of Jules Verne, Edgar Allan Poe, H.G. Wells as well as the Frank Merriwell and Tom Swift boys' adventure yarns. Jacobi was always a writer; at his junior high school he earned good pocket-money concocting his own 'dime novels' (short story booklets) and selling them to fellow students as 10 cents-a-piece. Jacobi attended the University of Minnesota from 1927 to 1930, majoring in English Literature, where he began his writing career in campus magazines and was an undergraduate classmate of Donald Wandrei. He wrote of this period on Thrilling Wonder Stories (June 1939) that "I tried to divide my time between rhetoric courses and the geology lab. As an underclassman I was somewhat undecided whether future life would find me studying rocks and fossils or simply pounding a typewriter.The typewriter won." <mask>'s first stories were published while he was at the University. Long before graduation he made his first professional sale, a short detective tale, "Rumbling Cannon", to Secret Service Stories. This ought to have paid around fifty dollars but Jacobi received nothing since the pulp folded soon after the story was published. The last of the stories he published while at university, "Moss Island", was a graduate's contribution to The Quest of Central High School, and "Mive" (which won a college-wide contest judged by Margaret Culkin Banning), published in the University of Minnesota's The Minnesota Quarterly. Both stories were later sold to Amazing Stories (Winter 1932) and Weird Tales respectively and marked his debut in professional magazines. "Mive"  (Weird Tales, 1932) brought him payment of 25 dollars."Mive" was praised by H. P. Lovecraft in his letter to Jacobi of 27 February 1932: "Mive please me immensely, and I told Wright that I was glad to see at least one story whose weirdness of incident was made convincing by adequate emotional preparation and suitably developed atmosphere." Lovecraft commended Jacobi's work to Derleth and thereby helped set up the long-term relationship Arkham House would have with Jacobi. Beginning in 1928, Jacobi corresponded with adventure-pulp veteran Arthur O. Friel. Jacobi's early story "The Monument" (1932) was submitted only once—to Farnsworth Wright of Weird Tales. It was not submitted subsequently but was discovered in a filing cabinet when R. Dixon Smith was researching his biography Lost in the Rentharpian Hills: Spanning the Decades with <mask>i (1985) and finally saw print when included by Smith in Smoke of the Snake (1994)

1930s

Jacobi joined the editorial staff of The Minnesota Quarterly, and after graduation in 1931, he became a news reporter, reviewer and sub-editor for the Minneapolis Star, as well as a frequent reviewer of books and plays. He also served on the staff of the Minnesota Ski-U-Mah, a campus humor magazine (described on the jackets of Jacobi's books as 'a scholastic publication'). After a while regular hours palled, and he left the Star, renting an office in uptown Minneapolis in which were typewriter, paper, a few reference books, and a list of editorial addresses in New York.Jacobi met August Derleth in January 1931 when Derleth was visiting Minneapolis to see Donald Wandrei. Jacobi had read Derleth's stories in Weird Tales and his Solar Pons stories in Dragnet and asked to be introduced; they met together, and with Donald Wandrei, for a literary roundtable at Minneapolis' Rainbow Cafe. Though Derleth and Jacobi corresponded for 40 years thereafter, Jacobi saw him but a few times in St Paul and never visited Derleth's home of Sauk City, Wisconsin. Over the following summer, when Derleth worked briefly as an editor for Fawcett Publications, outside Minneapolis, the three men frequently got together for brainstorming sessions. Jacobi owned his own private retreat, a cabin at Minnewashta in the Carver country outlands of Minneapolis. His intimate familiarity with the terrain and environment there provided the setting for many of his most distinguished stories. From 1932 until <mask>'s death in 1997, pulp writer Hugh B. Cave corresponded with Jacobi.Scores of their letters are quoted in Cave's memoir Magazines I Remember (Chicago: Tattered Pages Press, 1994), though many of Jacobi's early letters to Cave were lost in a fire in the early 1970s, along with copies of all Cave's early stories. Jacobi and Cave often criticised and improved each other's stories. Jack Adrian writes:

In the depression years of the early 1930s, the pulp-writer needed as formidable a creative armoury as possible, along with a certain amount of luck, and cunning, to crack even the lowest paying markets. Jacobi had a useful knack for dreaming up memorable milieu against which to set his tales, and bizarre situations that stayed in the mind long after the magazine the story itself was in had been finished and tossed away. He may have been the only writer ever to have a story firmly rejected by the redoubtable Weird Tales editor Farnsworth Wright, only to have Wright, weeks later, begging for the story back, because an incident in it had stuck in his mind. This was "Revelations in Black", a chilling, and much-reprinted, vampire tale set in an old stone farmhouse outside of Minneapolis Jacobi had driven past one night (the house's eerie statue-lined garden, as seen by brilliant moonlight, had caught his eye and his imagination. Jacobi wrote scores of tales for all the best-known magazines of fantasy and science fiction and was represented in numerous anthologies of imaginative fiction published in the United States, England and New Zealand.His stories were translated into French, Swedish, Danish and Dutch. Many of his tales were published in anthologies edited by Derleth, and Arkham House published his first three short story collections. Stories also appeared in such magazines as Short Stories, Railroad Magazine, The Toronto Star, Wonder Stories, MacLean's magazine, Ghost Stories, Strange Stories, Thrilling Mystery, Startling Stories, Complete Stories, Top-Notch and others. Though best known for his macabre fiction, Jacobi also wrote science fiction, weird-menace yarns and adventure stories. Already by 1935, Jacobi was seeing a greater percentage of rejected stories. Pressed by financial problems and the need to help his parents survive the Depression, he took a $50 a week job as a continuity writer for the local radio station where he stayed until 1940. Jacobi was fascinated by adventure tales with a Southeast Asia setting, particularly in regard to Dutch central Borneo and the Maritime Southeast Asia.Jacobi wrote to officials working in Southeast Asia to obtain details for his stories,  and he had considerable knowledge of that background in his fiction. According to Jack Adrian, "He would write to those in charge of far-flung outposts deep in the heart of the Borneo jungle, say, demanding geographical detail, obscure ethnic lore, atmospheric and forestall conditions; anything, in short, you couldn't get out of a book. This way he became an acknowledged expert in a field he had created himself, at the same time inventing whole new fiction subgenres, such as "Borneo terror tale", "New Guinea adventure" and so on. Later he turned the same trick with Baluchistan. In 1939, Jacobi met writer Clifford D. Simak when Simak moved to Minneapolis to take a job with the Minneapolis Star; they became friends. At this time, Jacobi listed his hobbies as "studying the night sky with a 60 power glass; continuing contacts with friends now located in jumping off spots of the South Seas and Malaysia; and collecting old tobacco tins." Fritz Leiber wrote that: "his best tales surely include "Mive", "Carnaby's Fish", "Revelations in Black", "Moss Island", "Portrait in Moonlight", "The Lo Prello Paper", "The Aquarium", "The Singleton Barrier"...and "The Unpleasantness at Carver House".1940s and 1950s

In 1940-41, Jacobi served as editor of Midwest Media, an advertising and radio trade journal. He then spent some years as a reporter, and reviewer of books and plays, for the Minneapolis Star. He worked for them for many years, writing fiction on the side. Following this, he "travelled a spell; fooled about with telegraphy, both wireless and Morse for another spell; then turned to writing fiction full-time." At the time of the compilation of Revelations in Black (1947), Jacobi's first collection, Jacobi was at work on a novel, but it is unknown whether this was completed. Jacobi continued to sell stories to Weird Tales up through the 1950s, with that market taking eighteen of his stories in all. When the pulp markets collapsed, Jacobi took regular employment with one of the Honeywell defense plants as an electronics inspector, a job he had through WWII and beyond, while writing part-time.He worked the night shift at Honeywell seven days a week, which had a severe effect on both his writing schedule and his health, leading to heart problems. 1960s

1964 saw the publication of <mask>'s second collection of weird fiction, Portraits in Moonlight, and several short stories published in magazines. 1970s and 1980s

In 1972, Arkham House published <mask>'s third collection of weird fiction, Disclosures in Scarlet. Don Herron, writing in Jack Sullivan's Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural, calls <mask>'s 1972 story "The Unpleasantness at Carver House" his masterpiece - "a ghoulish tale of horror and madness that may rank with the best work of Robert Aickman and Walter de la Mare in its brilliant use of suggestion. A feeling of unease pervades the story, and its many macabre implications prey on the imagination long after the last sentence is read." In 1973, Jacobi attended the science-fiction convention Torcon II 31st World Science Fiction Convention, held in Canada, having been persuaded to attend by literary agent Kirby McCauley. There he met such figures as J. Vernon Shea and Robert Bloch.In the same year, Etchings and Odysseys magazine was launched in Minneapolis by Kirby McCauley, John Koblas, <mask>, Joe West and others. Jacobi attended the launch, along with Mary Elizabeth Counselman, who had frequently appeared in the pages of the same magazines as Jacobi. Jacobi also met E. Hoffman Price (visiting from the West) at both Donald Wandrei's home and at Etchings and Odysseys 'headquarters'. Koblas had come to know Jacobi much earlier, and received encouraging criticism from Jacobi on his manuscripts. Jacobi also came much in contact with poet and novelist <mask>. Tierney, a Twin Cities resident for nine years during the 1970s. During this period, however, Jacobi had suffered a stroke which left one side of his body paralysed and gave him a speech impediment. 1980 saw a collection of Jacobi's stories published in French, under the title Les ecarlates.In 1989 appeared a collection of all-reprint adventure stories from the pulps, East of Samarinda. In the late 1980s, Robert M. Price's Cryptic Publications published a number of obscure Jacobi stories in such magazines as Astro-Adventures, Pulp Stories, Pulse-Pounding Adventure Stories and Shudder Stories. Jacobi continued to write macabre stories in the 1970s and 1980s. Many are collected in his final volume, The Smoke of the Snake (1994). His last published story, "A Quire of Foolscap" (Whispers, Oct 1987) contains an in-joke: an unfaithful wife and her lover check into a motel "out on Carcosa", an obvious reference to both Ambrose Bierce's "An Inhabitant of Carcosa" and Robert W. Chambers' The King in Yellow, as well as affectionate praise for Karl Edward Wagner's newly established publishing firm (see Carcosa). Later life and death

Debilitating illness crippled Jacobi during the final half-decade of his life, although his literary agent and biographer R. Dixon Smith did much to alleviate his various afflictions. Jacobi died at St Louis Park, Minnesota on 25 August 1997.A memorial for him was held at the Arcana (convention) 27, Sept 26-28, 1997 at the Holiday Inn Express Bandana Square, Minneapolis. Bibliography
(All of the following are short story collections)
Revelations in Black (1947)
Portraits in Moonlight (1964)
Disclosures in Scarlet (1972)
East of Samarinda (1989) (edited by <mask> and R. Dixon Smith). Smoke of the Snake (1994) (edited by <mask> and R. Dixon Smith). Note: This volume of short stories was originally titled Levitations in Lavender and later, Wayfarers in Darkness. The death of August Derleth scuttled its publication and it circulated in manuscript for some twenty years until being issued by Fedogan and Bremer, 1994. It contains 15 tales, some early, some late, all previously uncollected. The tale "The Street That Wasn't There" is a collaboration with Clifford D. Simak.The volume is dedicated by the editor to Basil Copper and his wife Annie, and illustrated by Jon Arfstrom and Rodger Geberding. The editor's introduction is titled "Waking Up Dead". Masters of the Weird Tale: <mask>. Edited by S. T. Joshi. Introduction by John Pelan. A mammoth collection of <mask>'s best weird fiction. References

Sources
 Don Herron."<mask>i" in Jack Sullivan (ed). The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural. New York: Viking Penguin, 1986, p. 229. W. H. Pugmire (ed). <mask>: An Appreciation. Pensacola, FL: Stellar Z Productions, 1977. Ruber, Peter (ed).Arkham's Masters of Horror. Sauk City, WI: Arkham House, 2000. Smith, R. Dixon. Lost in the Rentharpian Hills: Spanning the Decades with <mask>. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University Press, 1985. External links

1908 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American crime fiction writers
American fantasy writers
American horror writers
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
American male short story writers
Pulp fiction writers
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Novelists from Minnesota
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
Weird fiction writers

masks:
Carl Richard Jacobi
Jacobi
Jacobi
Carl Jacob
Jacobi
Jacobi
Jacobi
Jacobi
Eric Carlson
Richard L
Carl Jacobi
Carl Jacobi
Carl Jacobi
Jacobi
Carl Jacob
Carl Jacobi
Carl Jacobi


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<mask> (,  born 10 November 1975) is a Georgian-born Russian journalist, public figure, television presenter and producer and a co-owner of the Apostol company. Biography
<mask> was born in Tbilisi, Georgia. <mask>’s father, <mask> (1942–2009), was a Georgian economist and the director of a vegetable depot in Tbilisi, moved to Moscow upon retirement. Her father is of half Georgian and half Greek origin. <mask>’s mother, <mask> (maiden name Alakhverdova), is a narcologist of half Armenian and half Turkish descent. <mask> graduated from high school #64 in Tbilisi. In 1993 <mask> was accepted into the Medical Department of Tbilisi State University.But soon after she left medicine and transferred to the Journalist Department. In 2008 she graduated from the Foreign Affairs Department of the Russian State University for the Humanities. On 26 November 2006 <mask> was involved in a car accident in Nice, France. Kandelaki was a passenger of a Ferrari Enzo driven by Suleyman Kerimov, Russian billionaire and entrepreneur. The car went off road and crashed into a tree. The cause of the car accident is unknown. Kerimov was seriously injured and rushed to hospital.TV and radio
Kandelaki worked for Radio 105, a radio station in Tbilisi, Georgia, until 1995, when she left for Moscow and started working on many TV and radio stations, such as M-radio, RDV, Silver Rain Radio, 2x2, Biz-TV, Muz-TV, Vremechko and TV-6. Since September 2002 Kandelaki has been hosting the talk show Details on the STS channel with Russian celebrity guests. In 2006 she received her first TEFI (the highest Russian TV award) for the “Best Talk Show TV Presenter” nomination. Since February 2003 Kandelaki has been hosting the TV show «The Smartest», the most popular version of “Britain's brainiest kid” quiz show. The show, as well as its host, received two more TEFIs — in 2004 and 2009. 2006 — <mask>i, together with Sergey Dorenko presented a weekly political program on Echo of Moscow (Russian radio station)
2008 —Kandelaki hosts Unreal Politics, a show that was aired on NTV. The show started as an experimental online project, in time Unreal Politics turned into one of the most popular talk shows on Russian TV with celebrity guests from politics, business and entertainment
2009 — Kandelaki hosts Two Stars, a TV show on Channel One
2009 — works as a producer of Infomania, a TV program on STS, a unique infotainment program for the thinking audience
2009 — dubbed Juarez, one of the guinea pigs of the G-force movie by Walt Disney Pictures
2010 — is a jury member of KVN Top-league (a TV game show)
2010 — is a TV-host for the show Perfect Man (STS Channel)
2010 - is a jury member of Bolshaya Raznitsa a parody show hosted in Odessa.(Russia One channel)

Public activities
In November 2007 Kandelaki condemned the policy of Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili. “A man who acted as a mouthpiece for democracy in Georgia turned out to be a medieval tyrant”. She addressed a call for Georgians to draw international attention to the situation in Tbilisi when the authorities were breaking up public demonstrations, and, also, to stop Saakhashvili. Since October 2009 Kandelaki is a member of the Public Chamber of the Russian Federation by invitation of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev. In 2011 Kandelaki signed “Letter 55” (a public address from public representatives against the informational undermining of public trust in the Russian judicial system) which condemned the pressure put on the judicial system during the trials against the heads of the Yukos Oil Company. In August 2019, Kandelaki accused Katy Perry of trying to kiss her at a private party. In February 2022, Kandelaki expressed support for Russian invasion of the Ukraine.Business
<mask> is partner and co-owner of Apostol Media Group. The company produces TV-programs for leading Russian TV channels and provides a full spectrum of PR services. Kandelaki  is the owner of “Tinatin”, a restaurant opened in Moscow in 2010. The recipes used in the menu of the restaurant have been passed down from Kandelaki’s mother. On 3 June 2011 Tinatin received the Russian National Restaurant Award for “Best Ethnic Cuisine”. From May to November 2011 <mask> was on the board of directors of Vyatka-bank. On 29 January 2012  Kandelaki  launched a political talk-show with video blogger Dmitry Kamikadze  - “A flight with Kamikadze”.Kandelaki  is the producer of the program. In March 2012 Kandelaki signed a contract with cosmetics company Oriflame. According to the contract Kandelaki will represent Oriflame products for two years in Russia and the CIS countries, as well as participate in company events. Although there is no official information, and  Kandelaki  would not disclose the sum of the contract – it is rumored to be $2.000.000. Personal life
She was married to Andrey Kondrakhin and they have a daughter and a son born in 2000 and 2002 respectively. Awards and achievements
In 2006 Kandelaki won the Russian style and fashion award Astra for “The Most Stylish TV-hostess”;
In 2006 won the Glamour magazine award for “Form and content”;
<mask> was voted the sexiest TV-hostess in Russia among 10 nominees of the “Top 10 Sexy” awards in a “TV” category;
Winner of 3 TEFIs awards (2004, 2006, 2009);
On 29 November “The Smart school” project, which was launched by <mask>i, won the national Runet Prize 2011 contest in the category of “Science and Education”. Filmography
 2004 – Dazhe ne Dumai.Den’ nezavisimosti – correspondent.

masks:
Tina Kandelaki
Tina
Tina
Givi Kandelaki
Tina
Elvira Kandelaki
Tina
Tina
Kandelaki
Tina Kandelak
Tina Kandelaki
Kandelaki
Tina
Tina Kandelak


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<mask> (; 2 February 1931 – 11 March 2015) was a German scholar of Greek mythology and cult. A professor of classics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, he taught in the UK and the US. He has influenced generations of students of religion since the 1960s, combining in the modern way the findings of archaeology and epigraphy with the work of poets, historians, and philosophers. He published books on the balance between lore and science among the followers of Pythagoras, and more extensively on ritual and archaic cult survival, on the ritual killing at the heart of religion, on mystery religions, and on the reception in the Hellenic world of Near Eastern and Persian culture, which sets Greek religion in its wider Aegean and Near Eastern context. First academic era
<mask> was born in Neuendettelsau. He married Maria Bosch in 1957 and they had three children, Reinhard, Andrea and Cornelius. He studied classical philology, history, and philosophy at the Universities of Erlangen and Munich (1950–1954), and obtained his doctorate in philosophy at Erlangen in 1955.Following his marriage, he became an Assistant in course teaching at Erlangen for five years (1957–1961) and, then returned to his former University as Lecturer for another five years (until 1966). From early 1965 he worked as a Junior Fellow in the Center for Hellenic Studies in Washington, D.C. for one year. The first academic era of his life ended with a placement as Professor of Classical Philology at the Technical University of Berlin (1966–1969), and as Guest Professor at Harvard University for a year (1968). Second academic era
The start of a new era began in 1981 when his work of ancient Greek religious anthropology, Homo Necans (1972), was published in an Italian translation, followed in 1983 by an English translation. The book is today considered an outstanding account of concepts in Greek religion. He was Professor of Classical Philology at the University of Zurich (1969–1996); Visiting Professor of Classical Literature at the University of California for two years (1977 and 1988); Lecturer at Harvard in 1982; Dean of the Philosophical Faculty I at Zurich (1986–1988); and presented the Gifford Lectures at the University of St Andrews in Scotland (1989). After holding these posts and receiving numerous honorary awards (including Balzan Prize in 1990, for Study of the Ancient World), he retired as an Emeritus in 1996.He died in Zurich, aged 84. Academic works
Three of his most important academic works (a selection from seventeen books and two hundred essays, including encyclopedia contributions and memorabilia), which are still at the base of the study of Hellenic religion, are Homo Necans (1972, English 1983), Greek Religion (1977, English 1985), and Ancient Mystery Cults (1982 lectures, published 1987). In his preface to the English translation of Homo Necans Burkert, who characterised himself on this occasion as "a philologist  who starts from ancient Greek texts and attempts to find biological, psychological and sociological explanations for religious phenomena", expressed some of the principles underlying a book that had seemed somewhat revolutionary to German readers in 1972 in its consistent application of inter-relationships of myth and ritual, the application to texts of the kind of functionalism espoused in Jane Ellen Harrison's Themis and the use of structuralism to elucidate an ethology of Greek religion, its social aspect. Burkert confirmed that an impetus for his book had come from Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression, "which seemed to offer new insight into the disquieting manifestations of violence." The book argues that solidarity was achieved among the Greeks through a sacred crime with due reparations: "for the strange prominence of animal slaughter in ancient religion this still seems to be the most economical, and most humane explanation" (p. xv). Its first chapter "Sacrifice as an Act of Killing" offers conclusions that are supported in the ensuing chapters through individual inquiries into myth, festival and ritual, in which the role of poetic creation and re-creation are set aside "in order to confront the power and effect of tradition as fully as possible". The term gods, Burkert concludes, remains fluid, whereas sacrifice is a fact (p. xv).Burkert's theory of sacrificial ritual
In 1985, Burkert used ancient sources (both literary and visual representations) to put together some of the pieces of how ancient Greek sacrificial ritual actually proceeded, and to link together the ritual with myth. Firstly, under the direction of the priest, priestess, father, mother (at least, in certain women's rites like Thesmophoria), or king, a basket containing the utensils and a bowl of water were placed around the altar. The participants then dipped their hands into the consecrated water, and sprinkled it on the altar, victim and offerer. Salted-barley corns from the basket were thrown on the animal's head and into the altar fire. A lock of hair from the animal is then cut and burned, libation being poured on the altar with prayer. After silence is proclaimed, the music of flutes begins and the animal is slain. The larger animals were killed with a sacrificial axe.The head is turned toward the heavens, and the throat cut. The blood then spreads on the altar and is caught in a vessel. In early literary sources such as the Homeric epics the Iliad and Odyssey, onlooking women raise a cry of worship (ololugma) at this point in the ritual. After the animal is skinned and cut into pieces, the inner parts are tasted and shared, and a part burned on the altar with incense. The remainder is roasted and eaten by all participants present. If the entrails are of normal shape and color, it is an omen that the sacrifice is acceptable to the gods. In both the Iliad and Odyssey, as well as other early sources such as the Homeric Hymn to Hermes, the priest or sacrifice-leader wrapped the thigh pieces in fat and burned them on the altar.The tail and back, along with other bones and pieces with less meat left over were burned with a libation. After this procedure, it was then that the worshippers shared the roasted meal, while music and dance took place in the service of the gods. At some special festivals, there are instances where everyone in the banquet consumes hundreds of animal sacrifices. Works
 Weisheit und Wissenschaft: Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaos und Platon. Nürnberg: Hans Carl, 1962, 496 p. (Habilitationsschrift Erlangen-Nürnberg University). Lore and Science in Ancient Pythagoreanism, trans. Edwin L. Minar, Jr. Harvard University Press, 1972. .

 Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassischen Epoche.Stuttgart, 1977. Greek Religion, trans. John Raffan. Harvard University Press, 1985. . This has been widely accepted as a standard work in the field. Die orientalisierende Epoche in der griechischen Religion und Literatur. Heidelberg, 1984,

 Ancient Mystery Cults.Harvard University Press, 1987. , Based on his Jackson Lectures at Harvard, 1982. Klassisches Altertum und antikes Christentum. Berlin, 1996, . Creation of the Sacred: Tracks of Biology in Early Religions. Harvard University Press, 1996. . Die Griechen und der Orient. Munich, 2004. .
 Babylon, Memphis, Persepolis: Eastern Contexts of Greek Culture.Harvard University Press, 2004. . Articles by <mask>
 “Das hunderttorige Theben und die Datierung des Ilias”, Wiener Studien 89 (1976): 5–21. “Kynaithos, Polycrates and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo”, in Arktouros: Hellenic studies presented to B. M. W. Knox. Eds. G. W. Bowersock, W. <mask> & M. C. J. Putnam. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1979, pp. 53–62.“Lydia between East and West or how to date the Trojan War: A study in Herodotus”, in The Ages of Homer: a Tribute to Emily Townsend Vermeule, eds. Jane B. Carter & Sarah P. Morris. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995, pp. 139–148. See also
Greek religion
Human sacrifice
Mystery religion
Potnia Theron

References

External links
<mask>, Emeritus Professor for Classical Philology (includes complete bibliography)

1931 births
2015 deaths
People from Ansbach (district)
German philologists
German orientalists
German classical scholars
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
Technical University of Berlin faculty
Harvard University faculty
People associated with the University of Zurich
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Scholars of Greek mythology and religion
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
German male non-fiction writers

masks:
Walter Burkert
Burkert
Walter Burkert
Burkert
Walter Burkert


texts:
<mask><mask> was an American social scientist, university professor, inventor, and pioneering technology entrepreneur, known for being one of the developers of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1943, Nie was educated at the University of the Americas in Mexico City, Washington University in St. Louis and Stanford University, where he received a Ph.D. in political science in 1971. He died on April 2, 2015 of lung cancer. Biography

Early years
While a graduate student at Stanford, Nie was faced with the daunting task of analyzing data from thousands of individual responses to a survey questionnaire he collected from seven nations with his advisor and mentor Sidney Verba. Together with two young computer scientists, C<mask> ("Tex") <mask> and Dale Bent, Nie invented a computer software package called the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). SPSS automated the process of data analysis, allowing users to manipulate data files, transform data, and generate statistics on a mainframe computer. Nie served as CEO from the company's founding in 1975 until 1992, and continued as Chairman of the Board and software design consultant until 2008.SPSS has been a publicly traded company on the NASDAQ since 1993. Originally invented to solve the problem of analyzing data for <mask>'s dissertation, SPSS soon became widely used among other social scientists and researchers. Along with SAS, it revolutionized empirical social science. In an essay entitled "Doing It Ourselves: The SPSS Manual as Sociology's Most Influential Recent Book", sociologist Barry Wellman wrote:

I have taken a stand here in favor of empowering tools as the most influential sociological development in recent decades. Which is more important? The findings or the tools that enabled us to make them – and many more? Which should we celebrate more?Copernicus' 16th-century hypothesis of the solar system or Galileo's 17th-century invention of the telescope that enabled scholars to understand it clearly? It is an irresolvable dialectic between knowing what to look for and knowing how to find something. But if pressed, I would vote for the toolmakers because they give us the eyes to see things. Life after SPSS

In the early years after SPSS's invention, Nie and his colleagues shipped the software to users at cost. But as demand for the product (and its new features and accompanying documentation) expanded, Nie incorporated SPSS and became its president and CEO. During the same period, Nie became one of the most prominent scholars in the field of U.S. politics, particularly the study of American political behavior and public opinion. His intellectual home for 30 years was the University of Chicago, where he took his first academic appointment in 1968.During his tenure, he was twice chairman of the department. He became emeritus at Chicago in 1998. In July 2009, IBM announced its agreement to purchase SPSS for $1.2 billion. Years in Chicago

Nie's Chicago years saw the publication of four major books in political science, three of which won prizes of national recognition for scholarly excellence. His first book, written with Sidney Verba, was Participation in America (1972), which won the Gladys M. Kammerer Award, from the American Political Science Association (APSA) for the best book in U.S. national politics. Soon after, Nie wrote The Changing American Voter (1976) with Verba and John Petrocik. This major work went on to win the Woodrow Wilson Award from the APSA for the best book published in political science.Two years later, Nie co-authored a work of comparative politics with Verba and Jae-on Kim, Participation and Political Equality (1978). Nie reprised his Woodrow Wilson Award in 1996, winning the prize for Education and Democratic Citizenship in America, written with Jane Junn and Kenneth Stehlik-Barry. Life at Stanford

In 1998, Nie moved to Stanford University, where he served as a research professor in social sciences and business. He remained active as an author and social scientist and published a book on the politics of the 2000 U.S. Census enumeration, The Hard Count (2006), with Ken Prewitt, D. Sunshine <mask>, and <mask> Pals. After that, he was working with Yorgos Panzaris on a book on technology and social change. He also wrote research articles for academic journals. Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society

On his arrival at Stanford, Nie started the Stanford Institute for the Quantitative Study of Society (SIQSS), where he served as director.The Institute is devoted to the pursuit and sponsorship of high-quality empirical social science research about the nature of society and social change. Nie led a multidisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students that included political scientists, economists, sociologists, and statisticians, among others, in research that included such diverse topics as how time is spent on the Internet, how Internet access affects political polarization, Latino voter mobilization, and how educational attainment affects future life outcomes. Research from the Institute has appeared in The New York Times, the Boston Globe, Newsweek, Miller-McCune, and other mainstream publications, as well as in more academic sources such as Public Perspective, Fortschritte der politischen Kommunikations forschung, and IT & Society. Knowledge Networks, Revolution Analytics, and other business interests

Nie continued to innovate in the technology and tools field, co-founding the survey research firm Knowledge Networks (KN) with R. Douglas Rivers in 1997; Nie continues to serve as Chairman of the Board of KN. The company remains the only survey vendor to collect survey data over the Internet using probability samples, placing computers into homes that do not have Internet connectivity. In October 2009, Revolution Analytics (formerly REvolution Computing) appointed <mask> as its new CEO. The company provides commercial software & support for the popular open source R (programming language).In May 2010, Forbes Magazine published an in-depth profile on Nie and Revolution Analytics  where he was quoted, "R is an absolutely massive advancement on the kind of analytics I invented. It's an opportunity to change the game in the fastest-growing field in software." Nie has also served as Chairman or board member for a number of high technology firms, including CustomerSat Inc., Vicinity, Lexiquest, and Captura. Awards

Nie was the recipient of awards for research and scholarly achievement as well as professional recognition. In 2006, he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award  from the American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) for both his technological innovations in survey research and his substantive contributions to the understanding of social and political behavior. He was honored as the KPMG Technology Entrepreneur of the Year in 1986. In 2009, Nie was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.Personal life

<mask> and his wife Carol resided in Los Altos, California and Sun Valley, Idaho. They are the parents of two grown daughters and have two grandchildren. References

American social scientists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Stanford University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
1943 births
2015 deaths

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Norman Nie