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<mask> (1952 – August 2000) was an Indigenous Australian Paralympic athlete left a paraplegic following a car accident. Prior to this he was a champion juvenile athlete in able-bodied sports. A bronze medalist at the 1972 Summer Paralympics Heidelberg Germany, a high achiever at the Stoke Mandeville Games England, Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, National Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games, FESPIC Games and State selection trials. A sporting complex in the Sutherland Shire of Sydney is named in his honor. The people of this Shire were his 'significant others'. Personal
<mask> was born in 1952. He attended the Woolloomooloo Day Nursery during his pre-school years.His mother Barbara Evans, grandfather Charles Merritt and great grandmother Emily Wedge were indigenous Australians of the Wiradjuri people, Aboriginal farming families at Blakney and Pudman Creeks, New South Wales. In 1965, while riding his bicycle home from Heathcote High School in New South Wales (NSW), he was accidentally hit by a car and became a paraplegic wheelchair user at 13 years of age. After spending twelve months in hospital he returned home to be cared for by his mother, Barbara, and stepfather Robert (Bob) Evans. Prior to the accident he was a champion archer, and a member of the Sutherland Shire Athletic Club. He broke records that held for nine years in shot put and discus as well as long-distance running and sprints. Following his discharge from hospital, he joined the Paraplegic Association of NSW. Due to problems with the steps at primary school, <mask> completed his high school education at Lakemba School for the Handicapped in the suburbs of Sydney.Later he trained to be a printer under a scheme conducted by the New South Wales Disabled Workers' Organisation. The New South Wales Association for training the Disabled in Office Work (NADOW), awarded <mask> the honour of "Trainee of the Year". He was one of the first NADOW trainees to operate an Offset Printing Press from a wheelchair during his rehabilitation in the spinal unit of Royal North Shore Hospital Sydney. <mask>, an electrical technician at the poker machine company Nut and Muddle, Darlinghurst a suburb of Sydney, worked Monday to Friday for eight years and in the evenings he concentrated on his athletic training. The sporting complex at Port Hacking High School, Miranda, a suburb of Sydney, is named 'The Ray Barrett Field' in recognition of <mask>'s sportmanship. Built on an area of the school campus that was originally a wasteland, 200,000 cubic metres of fill, taken from local excavations, was used to fill the site. Plans added in 1974, included a 6-metre running track around the perimeter of the complex.At the tree-planting ceremony in 1977, pupils planted 60 trees around the perimeter of The <mask> Barrett Field that was made available for all community sports. Barret, along with fellow Indigenous Australian Tracy Barrell OAM, was honoured in the 100 years centenary celebration book of the Sutherland Shire 1906-2006

Career
<mask>'s noted official duties in his sporting career included: An official of the Sutherland Athletic Club and timekeeper for the New South Wales Athletic Association, timekeeper at the 'able bodied' National Games Melbourne Australia, appointed an official for the British Commonwealth Games Selection Trials in October 1973. Athletes competing at the 1972 Summer Paralympics Heidelberg, Germany required financial assistance of $1800 to be eligible to attend the Games. <mask> contacted the International Lions Club of Engadine, New South Wales, Australia, who held a fundraising event at the local Returned Servicemens League (RSL) Club and raised $1000 towards the targeted cost. Realizing that additional finance was needed, the club appealed to the Sutherland Shire Council and all local organisations and interested people in the Sutherland Shire, a Local Government area of Sydney, to support The Raymond Barrett Olympic Fund. <mask> also wrote to fifty companies seeking sponsorship but without success. He contacted Jack Griffiths, the Promotion Manager of Westfield Shopping Town, Miranda Fair, Miranda, a suburb of Sydney, who held a competition in which the retail industry of the shopping centre provided the prize.<mask> sold raffle tickets throughout the competition and presented the prize of a gold Seiko watch. The generosity of this community in assisting <mask> with funds needed, was recognised at a community event in which the Governor General of Australia attended. Major athletic events of <mask>'s sporting career:
 1970 At the National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games, Melbourne, he won 9 gold medals in various sports, and was selected athletics 'time keeper' for the able-bodied National Games, Melbourne. At 18 years of age he competed at the Third Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Edinburgh, Scotland, winning 2 Silver medals in Wheelchair Dash and 1 Bronze medal in Wheelchair Basketball. <mask>'s outstanding success at the National Games earned him selection for the Commonwealth Games. From the twenty-member team selected, <mask> was the only athlete from the Sutherland Shire selected to compete at the Games. 1972 At the 14th Annual Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games, 8–14 April, class 2 events, 1st Shot Put; 1st Wheelchair dash; 1st Slalom.1972 Summer Paralympics, Heidelberg Germany, 1 Bronze medal, 100 metre Wheelchair Dash; 5th Slalom. 1973 Athletics Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Games, Adelaide, South Australia, Class 2, 1st Precision Javelin defeated Frank Ponta by 4 points; 2nd Shot Put; 3rd Discus. At the National Paraplegic & Quadriplegic Games, Holroyd, New South Wales, 18–24 March, 2nd place Silver medal world record, 100 metre sprint, he defeated Frank Ponta. Gold medal world record 4 x 100 metre men's relay, Silver medal fencing. At his first competitive event in Rifle Shooting, from a field of 21 competitors he finished 10th, well ahead of Libby Kosmala née L. Richards. Discuss 6th place, Shot Put Bronze medal and Frank Ponta Silver medal. Slalom Gold medal.Historical reports noted that new world records in Class 2 of the 100 metre Wheelchair Sprint were broken. 1974 Fourth Commonwealth Paraplegic Games, Dunedin, New Zealand, <mask> won gold, silver and bronze medals and set world records on all three occasions in the Wheelchair Dash, 1 Bronze medal in Wheelchair Basketball. 1974 International Stoke Mandeville Games, England. 1 Gold Wheelchair Sprint, 1 Bronze Wheelchair Basketball, 1 Bronze Slalom racing. <mask> competed in other games while travelling through Europe after the Stoke Mandeville Games of 1974, winning a gold medal in Disabled Sports Competition in Holland. Both he and his friend Paralympian Hugh Patterson, who travelled with him, were invited to coach wheelchair basketball in Basle, Switzerland. Following his return home from Europe, both he and Hugh Patterson were involved in a car accident.<mask> was left an incomplete quadriplegic with brain stem damage and after two years in hospital, returned to his home in Heathcote, NSW. Later he moved to the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia, where he lived in the care of his parents. He died in August 2000, having lived thirty-five years after his first accident. References

External links
 <mask> at Australian Athletics Historical Results

Paralympic athletes of Australia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1972 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic bronze medalists for Australia
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Indigenous Australian Paralympians
People from the Sutherland Shire
1952 births
2002 deaths
Medalists at the 1972 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes from Sydney
FESPIC Games competitors

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Colonel Duane Tyrell "<mask>" <mask>,  (11 August 1910 – 1 November 1995) was a British Special Operations Executive officer who worked as a liaison officer with the Yugoslav Partisans and Chetniks in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II. Early life
<mask> was born on 11 August 1910 in Bromley, Kent, of South African parents. He attended St. Andrew's College in Grahamstown, South Africa, then the Royal School of Mines of the Imperial College London. He was a noted athlete, excelling in boxing, rugby, swimming, riding, skiing, and wrestling. <mask> was described as a "handsome, swashbuckling man" who was said to have been one of the inspirations for James Bond. Having worked as a mining engineer in South Africa, in 1935 <mask> travelled to Yugoslavia where he was involved in mining and did some prospecting. The following year he married a White Russian ballerina, Ada Proskurnikova, living in Yugoslavia.She refused to live near the mine <mask> managed, and they soon divorced. By 1938, <mask> had become fluent in the Serbo-Croatian language. <mask>'s mining activities included work as a consultant mining engineer in Belgrade, and as manager of an antimony mine in Zajača in the Mačva region, where he was working when World War II broke out. World War II
In the autumn of 1939, <mask> was recruited into Section D of the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), the section responsible for conducting political covert actions and paramilitary operations in time of war, and was based in Zagreb. During this period, one of Hudsons' SIS colleagues was murdered, and pro-German Croats planted a bomb beneath his office which nearly killed him. He established a sabotage organisation to attack Axis ships in Yugoslav Adriatic ports using limpet mines. Section D was absorbed into the new Special Operations Executive in mid-1940, and SOE headquarters for special operations in the Balkans was established in Cairo.In February 1941, <mask> personally sank an Italian ship. After the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, <mask> was extracted from the country. Montenegro
On 13 September, <mask> and a small group of Yugoslav military personnel left Cairo by air for Malta on the first leg of a new SOE mission, codenamed "Bullseye". Three days later, they boarded the British submarine HMS Triumph, which landed the party on the coast of the Italian-occupied territory of Montenegro near Petrovac on the evening of 20 September. They were accompanied as far as the shore by Captain Julian Amery. Having left Cairo with little notice, they were forced to supplement their equipment from the submarine's stores. The party consisted of <mask> (using the nom de guerre "Marko"), former Royal Yugoslav Army Major Zaharije Ostojić, and two former members of the Royal Yugoslav Air Force, Major Mirko Lalatović and Sergeant Veljko Dragićević, who was a radio operator.Both Lalatović and Ostojić were Montenegrins. The original intent had been for the party to consist only of Yugoslavs, and <mask> had only been ordered to accompany them 12 hours before they departed. <mask>'s instructions were rather vague; he was expected to "contact, investigate, and report on all groups offering resistance to the enemy, regardless of race, creed or political persuasion". In addition, he was ordered to "discover who is fighting the enemy" and to "coordinate all elements of the resistance". The British did not know much about what was happening inside Yugoslavia in the summer of 1941 other than what they had learned from Ultra intelligence, which showed that German and Italian commanders in Yugoslavia were radioing messages back to Berlin and Rome complaining about attacks from "terrorists" and "bandits", which proved that some sort of resistance was going on. The party was picked up by guerilla units near the coast, and by 26 September they were with a band of communist-led rebels led by Arso Jovanović and Milovan Đilas, one of many communist-led groups in Montenegro. These groups, along with nationalist-led Chetnik groups, were the scattered remnants of the forces that had rebelled against the Italians in July.The Italians had deployed Albanian irregulars to put down the rebellion in Montenegro, and the atrocities committed by the Albanians had generated a local backlash against the Communists who were blamed for recklessly starting an uprising that had no hope of success. The revolt had been suppressed within six weeks, and divisions had begun to appear between those rebels led by communists and those led by the Chetniks. Clashes had begun to occur, and <mask> assessed that the communist-led groups were stronger. Initially based at the village of Radovče, about  north of the Italian headquarters at Podgorica, <mask> radioed Malta recommending that assistance be provided to the communist-led rebels in Montenegro. <mask> reported that the "Montenegrin Freedom Force" had about 5,000 men under arms, and that the Communist Partisans were better disciplined and more committed to fighting than the Chetniks. On 10 September, the British in Malta picked up a radio message indicating that a Colonel Mihailović was leading a guerilla force located in western Serbia. Unbeknownst to <mask>, the Yugoslav members of his party were already aware of this, and they had been ordered by the Yugoslav government-in-exile to travel to Mihailović's headquarters as soon as possible.On 9 October <mask> was made aware of Mihailović's existence by his British contacts, and he was also ordered to journey to western Serbia, as Mihailović did not have radio codes to encrypt his messages. <mask> and Ostojić departed for Serbia around 13 October, accompanied by Jovanović, Đilas and another senior Partisan, Mitar Bakić. The leaders of the Montenegrin Partisans needed to visit their own supreme headquarters in Užice in western Serbia to receive directions on how to handle relations with the nationalists. The party left its two radios behind with Lalatović and Dragićević, although one had already burnt out and the other was heavy and obsolete. <mask> apparently had not been trained in the operation of the radios. Serbia

At Tito's headquarters
<mask>, Ostojić and the Partisan leaders travelled through Partisan-held liberated territory in Montenegro and the Sandžak to the valley of the West Morava river valley in the German-occupied territory of Serbia, during which <mask> further developed a favourable opinion of the Partisan organisation. The party arrived at Užice, the centre of the so-called Užice Republic around 25 October.<mask> met Josip Broz Tito, who was introduced to him by his pseudonym  "Tito". He offered Tito the necessary technical information to communicate with SOE Cairo, if Tito could provide a radio. He advocated that Tito take up his offer, if only so that Tito could make his own case for material support. He told Tito that he also intended to visit Mihailović. Tito received <mask> cordially, but was noncommittal. At this point, relations between Tito and Mihailović were finely poised but the likelihood of ongoing cooperation was low. Tito did not share information about Partisan dispositions with <mask>, and <mask> emphasised that British interests were best served by a unified Yugoslav resistance.Tito, for his part, indicated to <mask> that he wanted to avoid conflict with Mihailović, but considered that all former Yugoslav officers had been compromised by its disastrous showing during the invasion. Tito told <mask> that if Mihailović would not cooperate with him, he expected that the Chetnik leader would not interfere with Partisan operations against the Germans. <mask> witnessed the Partisans fighting the Germans around Krupanj, then returned to Užice. In the meantime, Ostojić had visited Mihailović and returned with a message from the Chetnik leader that <mask> should travel on to Mihailović's headquarters as soon as possible. Having left his wireless sets behind in Montenegro, <mask> had no contact with SOE Cairo during his stay in Užice. At Mihailović's headquarters
<mask> left Užice on or around 25 October, and arrived at Mihailović's headquarters at the village of Brajići on the foothills of Ravna Gora on that day. Immediately upon his arrival, <mask> was upbraided by Mihailović for having been with the "communist rabble", and when <mask> advised the Chetnik leader that he would be visiting Tito from time to time, Mihailović threatened to break of relations with the British if that occurred.Less than two days after <mask>'s arrival at Ravna Gora, Tito and Mihailović met to make one last effort at forming a joint command, but despite Tito's request that <mask> be present during the negotiations, Mihailović insisted it was not necessary. Despite a provisional agreement, the two leaders were at cross-purposes; Tito would not place himself or his forces under Mihailović's control, and would not conform with Mihailović's urging that he cease attacks on the Germans. By this time, Mihailović knew from Ostojić that he had official recognition from the Yugoslav government-in-exile, who had also promised British recognition and support. The situation in western Serbia was one of incipient civil war. Despite some jointly-held towns and joint operations by Partisans and Chetniks, an atmosphere of creeping distrust predominated between the two camps. <mask> himself still had no access to a wireless. Lalatović and Dragičević had arrived in Užice after <mask>'s departure, but Lalatović had travelled on to Ravna Gora without Dragičević and the remaining working transmitter because Dragičević refused to accompany him.Dragičević joined the Partisans and became an important Partisan wireless operator. <mask> was able to use Mihailović's radio, but from 2 November, Mihailović, confident of British support, began instigating clashes with Partisan bands, which <mask> was powerless to prevent. After the air delivery of some funds for Mihailović, <mask> sent a message to Cairo recommending that British support to Mihailović be conditional upon his co-operation with the Partisans. When the British government accepted <mask>'s recommendation, Mihailović considered <mask>'s actions to be sabotage, and their working relationship broke down. Tito, for his part, was unaware of <mask>'s initial attempts to mediate, and that the airdrop of funds was undertaken against his advice. This meant that Tito also distrusted <mask>. In mid to late November, <mask> managed to get involved in three meetings between Chetniks and Partisans aimed at establishing a truce and a joint operational headquarters.The Partisans maintained that they would do so, but would not accept Mihailović assuming overall command. The Yugoslav government-in-exile even put pressure on Mihailović to work with the Partisans. The Failure of the Mission
Hudson's attempts to persuade the Partisans and Chetniks to work together to fight against the enemy completely failed and soon the two groups were fighting each other. For months, <mask> found himself on his own, living a hardscrabble existence, evading the German and Italian forces who were occupying Yugoslavia, and fruitlessly attempting to end the civil war between the Partisans and the Chetniks. Poland
In the last months of World War II, <mask> headed a SOE mission in Poland that was meant to liaison with the Home Army. <mask>'s work was cut short when he was arrested by the NKVD, and he was imprisoned for a short time in the Lubyanka. Afterwards, he was returned to Britain.Missing funds
One of <mask>'s tasks was to distribute British funds in order to pay for anti-Nazi fighters. He was given more than £80,000 in sovereigns and diamonds, worth over £1.75m in today's currency, which he partially buried in peasant villages. He later confessed that after the war, parts of the treasure were buried, with the aim of retrieving it on his own account when the war ended. Afterwards, while he was working for the army in Romania, documents show that <mask> recruited Stephen Zollner, a Hungarian Jew buying timber for the British government around eastern Europe, to retrieve the treasure. Zollner managed to acquire three parts of the buried treasure, and sent them to <mask> in a diplomatic bag. The Yugoslav authorities caught him, however, and Zollner confessed everything. Later life
<mask> later moved to South Africa, where he died on 1 November 1995.The swimming complex at St. Andrew's College was named in his honour when, upon his death, he left the school a considerable amount of money for new pool facilities. Upon his death, the D.T Hudson Trust was created as a charitable trust. Amongst other activities, the trust sponsors schools in South Africa and takes a view to uniting the churches of the region in this pursuit. In popular culture
<mask> spoke six foreign languages and had a reputation as a ladies' man. According to The Sunday Times, Ian Fleming used <mask> as a model for his character James Bond, although it has also been suggested that the character was modelled on his brother, Peter Fleming. See also
 Operation Mihailović

References

Citations

Sources

1910 births
1995 deaths
Alumni of Imperial College London
Alumni of St. Andrew's College, Grahamstown
British Army General List officers
British Army personnel of World War II
British Special Operations Executive personnel
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
English mining engineers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Bromley
Military personnel from Kent

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<mask> (born 8 November 1951) is an Australian paleontologist, geologist, and author who specializes in the study of fossil soils (paleopedology). His research has examined the fossil record of soils though major events in Earth history, extending back some 4.6 billion years. Among his publications he has written two standard paleopedology textbooks, said N. Jones in Nature Geoscience "Retallack has literally written the book on ancient soils." Biography

Retallack moved with his family from Hobart, Tasmania at age 4. He grew up in Hurstville and then Epping, in the suburbs of Sydney. He attended The King's School, Parramatta, then studied biology and paleontology at Macquarie University. He received a BSc Hons with University Medal in 1974 from the University of New England (Australia) and a PhD in 1978 in geology from the same university.After a postdoctoral fellowship at Indiana University he joined the faculty at the University of Oregon in 1981. He has been a professor in the Department of Geological Sciences since 1992, and Director of the Condon Collection of the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History since 2009. Work

Evolution of life on land

In 1973, Retallack discovered that paleosols were preserved among fossil roots below some kinds of fossil plant horizons and that paleosols could reveal aspects of plant communities difficult to infer from the fossil plants themselves. This novel approach to reconstructing life on land could be applied to understanding major events in evolution, sometimes supplementing and sometimes challenging prior understanding. Initial work was on Triassic vegetation and climate. Later construction of Cenozoic paleoclimate time series led to the idea that grassland-grazer coevolution was responsible for climatic cooling over the past 50 million years, which has implications for biosequestration of carbon. Fieldwork in Kenya on paleosols associated with apes (Proconsulidae) ancestral to humans revealed that the evolutionary transition to upright stance occurred in woodlands rather than savannas.Paleosols of the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in Montana implicated abrupt paleoclimatic change and acid rain from extraterrestrial impact in the extinction of dinosaurs
Work on the Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica lead to formulation of an hypothesis of greenhouse crisis due to methane outburst associated with flood basalt in this greatest of all mass extinctions
Devonian fossil soils at sites for tetrapods suggest a woodland hypothesis for the evolutionary transition from fish to amphibian. Retallack discovered fossil soils at classical South Australian sites for the Ediacara biota and reported it is evidence that these fossils formerly regarded as marine were instead terrestrial organisms such as lichens, slime molds and microbial colonies. Retallack has also reinterpreted volcanic tuffs of Newfoundland as terrestrial lapilli and sanidine tuffs, and so found fossiliferous Ediacaran paleosols there as well
 A Paleoproterozoic paleosol with problematic fossils (Diskagma) comparable to the living Geosiphon (a fungus) could suggest a long evolutionary history for life on land. Such putative ancient and complex life on land could support the view that life originated in soil. In 2013, Retallack reported in the journal Precambrian Research that land-based microfossils found in South Africa could be as old as 2.2 billion years, pushing back the arrival of life on land much further breaking the previous record of 1.2 billion years. Retallack's work on Late Permian mass extinction was featured on several television documentaries, including the BBC's The Day The Earth Nearly Died and Science Channel USA's Miracle Planet episode "Death and Rebirth". His work on Miocene of Panama was featured in National Geographic Channel USA's "Terror Raptor" episode of Prehistoric Predators.Radio interviews concerning his recent work on early life on land were broadcast by Richard Harris for National Public Radio, Bob McDonald for Canadian Broadcast Corporation and Dave Miller for Oregon Public Broadcasting. In a challenge to young earth creationism, Retallack debunked interpretation of the fossil forests of Yellowstone National Park as deposits of volcanic lahars in which tree trunks landed upright, by showing that the fossil stumps were rooted in moderately developed paleosols. Because moderate development of soils can take as long as 5000 years, only a few paleosols in succession are needed to exceed the young earth creationism age of the Earth, and at Yellowstone there are at least 24 successive fossil forests. Sequences of paleosols is just one of many lines of physical evidence that young earth creationism does not explain as well as conventional geology. Paleobotany

In addition to paleopedology, Retallack continues research in paleobotany. His special interests include Triassic fossil plants such as Pleuromeia, Isoetes, Dicroidium and Lepidopteris. With David Dilcher he developed a coastal hypothesis for the dispersal and rise to dominance of angiosperms.Retallack also developed new techniques for using stomatal index of fossil Ginkgo leaves to obtain past atmospheric carbon dioxide. This work led Retallack to propose the concept of paleoenvironmental regulation by the Proserpina Principle: plants cool the planet, whereas animals warm it. Retallack's name is honored by several fossils including Cladophlebis retallackii, fossil fern foliage, Sapindopsis retallackii early angiosperm leaves and Hypisodus retallacki, a fossil mouse deer. Archeology

In a study of soils at 84 temples of Classical Greece, Retallack discovered that each deity and cult was associated with a particular kind of soil, suggesting an economic basis for Greek polytheism. Dionysos and Demeter, for example, were gods of farming, Hermes and Hera gods of pastoralists and Apollo and Artemis gods of nomadic hunter-gatherers

Boards

Retallack has served as an associate or technical editor for such scientific journals as Geology, PALAIOS, and Journal of Sedimentary Research. His fellowships include the Geological Society of America, and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He served as the president and vice president of the Cordilleran Section of the Paleontological Society, of the Oregon Academy of Sciences, and of the University of Oregon Chapter of the Society of Sigma Xi.Critical reception

Early reviews of <mask>'s textbooks have been positive. Of Soils of the Past, David Fastovsky concludes "it is requisite for all persons trying to understand paleosols". Of A Colour Guide to Paleosols, Daniel Yaalon concludes "Highly recommended for students and researchers alike for an introductory insight to paleopedology and to whet and refine their skills in paleosol interpretation." Both reviews however baulked at the unfamiliarity of soil science terminology and classification in these texts. Retallack's approach to the description and interpretation of paleosols has been widely adopted. Some controversy concerned use of modern soil taxonomies for paleosols, but Retallack's approach has since been validated by development of additional geochemical proxies for soil taxonomic criteria. Retallack's confirmation of abrupt paleoenvironmental change on land at the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Permian-Triassic boundaries, have been supported by later research on extinction.Retallack's initial taphonomy work interpreting some Ediacaran biota as lichens was questioned for its applicability to all Ediacaran fossils. The recent Retallack proposal that Ediacaran fossils were preserved in paleosols and thus could not be marine fossils, is a provocative challenge to prior interpretations, and has been supported in some quarters, but disputed in others. However this hypothesis of Retallack is not universally accepted by the paleontological community. Nature called it a "controversial claim" in a news report, in which paleontologist Guy Narbonne said "Most of us appreciated that Retallack's lichen hypothesis was innovative thinking and tested his ideas critically, but it quickly became clear that there are simpler explanations for the features Retallack had validly noted, and most of us moved on to more promising explanations." Awards and honors

Retallack has been honored for his research, including the Stillwell Award of the Geological Society of Australia, for best paper in the society journal in 1977, and the Antarctica Service Medal of the U.S. National Science Foundation in 1999. He has been an invited lecturer throughout the U.S., and also to Germany, England, China, Thailand and India. Bibliography

Textbooks

 Soils of the past: an introduction to paleopedology, 2nd edition, Blackwell, Oxford, 2001,
 A colour guide to paleosols, John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 1997,

Selected publications

References

External links

Personal web page

1951 births
American paleontologists
University of Oregon faculty
American geologists
Living people
Fellows of the Geological Society of America
People from Hobart
People educated at The King's School, Parramatta
Macquarie University alumni
University of New England (Australia) alumni
Indiana University alumni
Australian geologists
Australian paleontologists

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<mask> (born December 12, 1945), nicknamed "Road Runner", is an American former professional baseball player, scout, and coach. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as an outfielder from  through  — most notably as a member of the Atlanta Braves — and eventually with the Chicago White Sox and California Angels. Garr’s career year was , when he was a National League (NL) All-Star and won the NL batting title. Garr was a free swinger who could confound defenses by hitting to all parts of the outfield. He batted .300 or better five times during his career. In 2006, Garr was inducted into the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame. Face in the Crowd
Garr was born in Monroe, Louisiana, and worked as a shoe shine boy at a local barber shop growing up.After graduation from Lincoln High School in Ruston, Louisiana, he attended historically black Grambling State University in Grambling, Louisiana. In , as a second baseman for the Grambling State Tigers baseball team, Garr led the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics with a record .585 batting average to lead his team to a 35–1 regular-season mark. His accomplishment earned mention in Sports Illustrateds "Faces In The Crowd" right around the same time he was being drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the third round of the 1967 Major League Baseball draft. Early years
Though Garr was a fast runner and good contact hitter, he was a below average infielder. He was converted to an outfielder with the Shreveport Braves in , and remained in the outfield for the rest of his career. After two minor league seasons in which he batted .287 with 53 runs batted in (RBI), Garr made the jump from Double A to the majors in September 1968. The speedy Garr appeared in 11 games with the Braves, but never needed his glove once, as he was used as a pinch hitter or pinch runner in each of his appearances, and never once was kept in the game.Regardless, he earned an invite to Spring training , and started the season as the Braves' everyday left fielder when Rico Carty dislocated his shoulder. Upon Carty's return, <mask> was optioned to their Triple A affiliate, the Richmond Braves, then returned in September when rosters expanded. Overall, he batted .222 in 22 games. <mask> again made the Braves out of spring training , and resumed the role he had at the end of the 1968 & 1969 seasons. He appeared in 16 games with the Braves through May, but had already earned a reputation as something of a defensive liability at this point in his career, and never once took the field. He was optioned back to Richmond at the end of May, and went on to bat an International League record .386 with seven home runs, 51 RBI, and a league best 39 stolen bases. He returned to Atlanta in September as a fourth outfielder, and batted .302 in 91 plate appearances."Road Runner"
In 1970, Rico Carty injured his left knee playing Winter ball in the Dominican Republic, and was lost for the entire  season. Garr seized the opportunity, batting over .400 through the middle of May, and earning the nickname "Road Runner'''" due to his speed. On May 17, against Tom Seaver and the New York Mets, Garr hit a solo home run with two outs in the tenth inning to tie the game. He hit a second home run in the 12th for the walk-off victory. Garr became so popular with fans in Atlanta that the Braves negotiated exclusive big-league baseball rights with Warner Bros. Cartoons to use animated scenes of the Looney Tunes character Road Runner on the scoreboard, while the calliope erected behind right field went "beep-beep" like the cartoon character every time Garr reached first base. By the end of the season, Garr's batting average cooled off to .343, good for second best in the NL to the St. Louis Cardinals' Joe Torre. He also scored a career high 101 runs batting second in the Braves' batting order.Unfortunately, <mask>'s defensive shortcomings (he led N.L. outfielders with 11 errors) caused him to lose his starting job in left field when Carty returned to the Braves in . He still appeared in 134 games and managed a .962 fielding percentage manning all three outfield spots. His .325 batting average was again second best in the league (this time to the Chicago Cubs' Billy Williams). At the end of the season, Carty was traded to the Texas Rangers, opening a permanent spot for Garr. Garr again put up solid offensive numbers in  (.299 batting average, 11 home runs, 94 runs scored, and a career high 55 RBI and 35 stolen bases), but his weak glove made him trade-bait at the 1973 Winter meetings. Needing to strengthen their infield defense as well, the Braves had a deal in place that would have sent Garr to the Philadelphia Phillies for shortstop Larry Bowa, however it fell through.Instead, he remained in Atlanta, and put together the best season of his career, flirting with a .400 batting average for much of the first half of the season. He had 149 hits heading into the All-Star break that year, a record which stands to this day, to earn selection to the National League All-Star team (he went 0-for-3 with a strikeout). He ended the season with a league best .353 average, and also led the NL in hits (214) and triples (17). Garr spent much of his early career believing he was greatly underpaid by the Braves, so after that career year Garr sought a raise to $114,500 for the  season, more than double what he received in 1974, at which the Braves countered with $85,000. The contract dispute went to arbitration, with <mask> winning to become the highest paid player on the team, and the first player in major league history to double his salary through arbitration. Despite an excellent spring, and going into the season with confidence, Garr's average dipped to .278 in 1975. He did, however, lead the league in triples (11) for a second year in a row.<mask> and Larvell Blanks were traded to the Chicago White Sox for Ken Henderson, Dick Ruthven and Dan Osborn on December 12, 1975. Chicago White Sox
Disarray was something of a theme for the  White Sox as Jorge Orta, the second baseman with the 1975 team Chuck Tanner managed was used at third and left field in 1976 by new manager Paul Richards. Likewise, <mask>'s role with the Chisox in 1976 was similar to the one he had with the Braves in 1972; he had no regular outfield position, and his playing time was split evenly between all three outfield spots. The formula proved unsuccessful as the Sox narrowly avoided a hundred losses in 1976. For his part, Garr batted an even .300, and was second on the team to Orta with 63 runs scored. Bob Lemon replaced Richards at the helm in , returning Orta to second base, and returning <mask> to left field. The Chisox did a complete 180 that year as they won ninety games to finish third in the American League West.<mask> batted an even .300 for the second year in a row, while improving substantially in every other offensive category. His fielding also improved as he logged a career high .987 fielding percentage. <mask> had an off year in , putting up career lows in just about every offensive category. His notoriously bad fielding was also becoming an issue again. He and pitcher Francisco Barrios became embroiled in a fight on August 10, following a loss to the Toronto Blue Jays, over an incident in their August 7 matchup with the Kansas City Royals. With Barrios pitching, Garr threw a ball he fielded off the wall to the wrong base, allowing a runner to score. It was the second run-in between the two.Garr started the  season in left field, but shortly after Tony La Russa replaced Don Kessinger as White Sox manager, Garr was replaced by a revolving door of left fielders, with Alan Bannister, Thad Bosley, Junior Moore, and Wayne Nordhagen all manning the position at one point or another. Rumors circulated that it was by Garr's choice; he refused to take the field following an August 5 rock concert held at Comiskey Park that left the field in tattered condition (American League (AL) President Lee MacPhail actually canceled games at Comiskey later in the month due to the poor conditions of the outfield). On September 20, with only nine games left on the schedule, Garr's contract was sold to the California Angels. Garr was used as a designated hitter in California, but managed to bat just .167 in that role, and was released on June 6, . In retirement
Garr became part-owner and a part-time worker at Kaloche doughnut shop in Houston, Texas following his retirement. When the  Winter meetings were held in Houston, Garr attended, seeking a scouting or coaching job. Baseball legend and Garr's former teammate, Hank Aaron, the Braves' director of player development, offered Garr a position as roving scout and minor-league base-running coach.Garr played professional softball for Lima Steele's in the United Professional Softball League (UPSL) during their 1982 season. Garr was inducted into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame in , Grambling State University Alumni Hall of Fame in , the Atlanta Braves Hall of Fame in  and the International League Hall of Fame in . In his  film, Trouble with the Curve'', Clint Eastwood's character, fictional Braves scout Gus Lobel, is credited with signing Dusty Baker, Dale Murphy, Tom Glavine, Chipper Jones, and Garr. The scout who actually signed Garr was Mel Didier. Career statistics
In 1,317 games over 13 seasons, Garr batted .306 (1,562-for-5,108) with 717 runs scored, 212 doubles, 64 triples, 75 home runs, 408 RBI, 172 stolen bases, 246 walks, an on-base percentage of .339, and a slugging percentage of .416. He compiled a .968 fielding percentage at all three outfield positions. See also

List of Major League Baseball annual triples leaders

References

External links

<mask>r at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1945 births
Living people
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Atlanta Braves players
California Angels players
Chicago White Sox players
National League All-Stars
Baseball players from Louisiana
African-American baseball players
National League batting champions
Sportspeople from Grambling, Louisiana
Sportspeople from Monroe, Louisiana
Atlanta Braves scouts
Grambling State Tigers baseball players
Austin Braves players
Shreveport Braves players
Richmond Braves players
Shoeshiners
National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Ralph Allen Garr
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<mask> (born May 6, 1986) is an American professional mixed martial artist, competing in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional MMA competitor since 2008, <mask> has also formerly competed for Bellator, King of the Cage, the MFC, and was a contestant on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson. Background
Originally from Waterford, Wisconsin, <mask> competed in football and wrestling at Waterford Union High School and was also a talented musician. <mask> played trumpet in the school's marching band and went on to Lakeland College to play the trumpet semi-professionally. In college, <mask> began competing in pankration before eventually transitioning into a career in mixed martial arts. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> began his amateur career in 2007, and was defeated via TKO in the second round of his first amateur bout.He rebounded to win his next two, before turning professional in July 2008. <mask>'s early career took place entirely in the state of Wisconsin, where he posted an early 11–1 record, which included multiple wins in the King of the Cage promotion. Bellator
Following a win at Light Heavyweight against Bellator MMA fighter and veteran Jason Guida, <mask> was on a three-fight winning streak and was signed by Bellator. His debut match was at Middleweight against future Bellator Welterweight Tournament Champion Karl Amoussou at Bellator 45. Early on, Amoussou bloodied <mask> with varied strikes and worked towards an armbar, though as the fight progressed, Amoussou started to tire and <mask> soon gained control of the fight in the second round and managed to secure a takedown late in the third round. After three rounds, <mask> was victorious via split decision. Following his win over Amoussou, <mask> was named as a participant in Bellator Season Five Middleweight Tournament, where he faced Vitor Vianna.The fight saw <mask> utilize his reach advantage early in the fight, but by round two, Vianna started to control the bout, having taken <mask> down to the ground. At the end of the second round, Vianna had locked in a rear-naked choke, but time expired, allowing <mask> to make it into the third round. The third round was regarded as much closer and the fight went a decision. <mask> lost via split decision and was eliminated from the tournament. The Ultimate Fighter
<mask> was then selected to be a part of The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson, where he dropped down to welterweight for the first time. In the opening episode, he fought Leo Kuntz to get into the house.<mask> won via quick first-round knockout after a single, clean right hook. During the fighter picks, Shane Carwin selected <mask> first overall. In the third episode, <mask> was selected by Carwin to fight Joey Rivera of Team Nelson. Rivera started the fight by landing two quick head kicks and then landed a takedown. <mask> then had to defend against a guillotine choke and a triangle choke in the first round. In the second round, <mask> started to land more strikes, but was rocked by another head kick from Rivera. Though <mask> survived to go to a decision, Rivera was victorious via majority decision (19-19, 20–18, 20–18).Maximum Fighting Championship
<mask>'s MFC debut was against Elvis Mutapčić for the MFC Middleweight Championship at MFC 36. He lost via unanimous decision. <mask> defeated UFC & Bellator veteran Jay Silva at MFC 37 via TKO in round three. He then won the MFC Middleweight Championship by defeating Jason South and successfully defended it once against Wes Swofford before moving to the UFC. Ultimate Fighting Championship
In June 2014, it was announced that <mask> had signed with the UFC. He made his debut on August 16, 2014 against Tom Watson at UFC Fight Night 47. He lost the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision.For his second fight with the promotion, <mask> faced Dylan Andrews on November 8, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 55. He won the fight via knockout due to punches in the first round. <mask> faced Cezar Ferreira on February 22, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 61. <mask> won the fight via knockout in the first round. Subsequently, <mask> won a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Dan Kelly on May 10, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 65. <mask> won the fight via TKO in the first round.<mask> faced Derek Brunson on August 8, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 73. He lost the fight by TKO in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Daniel Sarafian on February 21, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 83. However, <mask> pulled out of the bout in late December after sustaining a broken jaw and was replaced by Oluwale Bamgbose. <mask> next faced Elias Theodorou on June 18, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 89. The bout remained on the feet for nearly all of its duration in a largely uneventful fight where neither fighter was able to deliver any significant offense. He lost the fight via unanimous decision.After sustaining virtually no damage during his previous fight, <mask> was quickly rescheduled and faced promotional newcomer Eric Spicely on July 13, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 91. He won the fight via submission in first round. <mask> competed in his third bout in three months as he faced Kevin Casey on August 27, 2016 at UFC on Fox 21. He won the fight via TKO in the second round. <mask> again made a quick return to the cage and faced Alex Nicholson on November 5, 2016 at The Ultimate Fighter Latin America 3 Finale. He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Nate Marquardt on January 28, 2017 at UFC on Fox 23.He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Thales Leites on April 22, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 108. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Rashad Evans on August 5, 2017 at UFC Fight Night 114. He won the fight by split decision. <mask> was tabbed as a short notice replacement for Trevor Smith and faced Ramazan Emeev on 21 October 2017 at UFC Fight Night: Cowboy vs. Till. At the weigh ins, <mask> missed the middleweight limit of 185 pounds, coming in at 189 pounds.As a result, his bout with Emeev was changed to a catchweight and <mask> was fined 20% of his purse. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Move up to Light Heavyweight and losing streak
<mask> faced promotional newcomer Marcin Prachnio in a light heavyweight bout on February 24, 2018 at UFC on Fox 28. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. <mask> faced Gian Villante on June 1, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 131. He won the fight by split decision. <mask> faced Antônio Rogério Nogueira on September 22, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 137.He lost the fight via knockout in the second round. <mask> faced Jimmy Crute on February 10, 2019 at UFC 234. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round one. <mask> faced Klidson Abreu on July 20, 2019 at UFC on ESPN 4. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face Maurício Rua on November 16, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 164. However, <mask> was removed from the fight on October 25 due to a broken hand and was replaced by Paul Craig.<mask> was expected to return to action against Khalil Rountree Jr. on March 28, 2020 at UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. Rozenstruik. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was postponed. <mask> faced Ryan Spann May 9, 2020 at UFC 249. He lost the fight via split decision. <mask> faced Da Un Jung on October 24, 2020 at UFC 254. After a back and forth battle, the fight was declared a split draw. Return to Middleweight
<mask> was expected to move down to middleweight division to face  Zak Cummings on April 10, 2021 at UFC on ABC 2.However, Cummings pulled out of the bout in mid-March and was replaced by Julian Marquez. After getting knocked down, he lost the bout via second round rear-naked choke. This bout earned him a Fight of the Night award. <mask> was scheduled to face Roman Kopylov on July 31, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 28. However, Kopylov wasn't able to obtain his US visa in time and the bout was scrapped. <mask> faced Wellington Turman on August 28, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 30. <mask> was poked in the eye multiple times throughout the fight, with Turman being deducted two points, however <mask> lost the fight via split decision.<mask> was scheduled to face Ian Heinisch on February 5, 2022 at UFC Fight Night 200. Heinisch pulled out due to undisclosed reasons in late December and was replaced by Phil Hawes. In turn Hawes withdrew from the bout due to an undisclosed injury and he was replaced by Brendan Allen. <mask> lost the fight via rear-naked choke submission in round two. Personal life
<mask> has four biological children with his wife McKey Sullivan, winner of the eleventh cycle of America's Next Top Model. In early 2021, they also legally adopted their foster daughter. |-
| Loss
| align=center| 19–5 (1)
| Elvis Mutapčić
| Decision (unanimous)
| MFC 36
|
| align=center| 5
| align=center| 5:00
| Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 19–4 (1)
| Lucas Lopes
| TKO (punches)
| ShoFight 20
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:39
| Springfield, Missouri, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 18–4 (1)
| Daniel Almeida
| TKO (knee injury)
| Wreck MMA: Road to Glory
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:41
| Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
|Catchweight (190 lb) bout.|-
| Loss
| align=center| 17–4 (1)
| Brandon Ropati
| Decision (majority)
| ICNZ 16
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Auckland, New Zealand
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 17–3 (1)
| Eddie Larrea
| TKO (punches)
| Madtown Throwdown 26
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:39
| Madison, Wisconsin, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 16–3 (1)
| Augusto Montaño
| Decision (unanimous)
| Chihuahua Extremo
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Chihuahua, Mexico
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 15–3 (1)
| Vitor Vianna
| Decision (split)
| Bellator 50
|
| align=center|3
| align=center|5:00
| Hollywood, Florida, United States
| Bellator Season 5 Middleweight Tournament Quarterfinal. Team Nelson
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Leo Kuntz
| KO (punch)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team Carwin vs. Team Nelson
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:47
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

Living people
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from Wisconsin
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing pankration
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
1986 births
People from Waterford, Wisconsin
Lakeland College (Wisconsin) alumni
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters

masks:
Samuel William Alvey
Alvey
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texts:
<mask> (born October 27, 1953) is a scholar and professor in Ancient Near Eastern, Iranian and Armenian Studies. He has published extensively in journals, and has written several books. He is Emeritus Mashtots Professor  of Armenian Studies at Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University, and sits on the executive committee of Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies. In July, 2016, <mask> became semi-retired and moved his residence to Fresno, California. As of 2021, <mask> is Emeritus Mashtots Professor of Armenian Studies at Harvard University, Distinguished Visiting Professor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and a part-time Lecturer in Jewish Studies and Biblical Hebrew at California State University, Fresno. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City and grew up in the Washington Heights Upper Manhattan neighborhood of New York City. His parents are Jewish: his mother's ancestry was Sephardic and his father's ancestry was Ashkenazic.He was educated at The Bronx High School of Science, Columbia University [B.A. summa cum laude 1974], and the University of Oxford [B.Litt. 1977], under the Armenologists Nina Garsoïan and Charles Dowsett. He had attended Oxford as the recipient of a Kellett Fellowship awarded upon graduation from Columbia University. He earned his Ph.D. at the University of London, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), under the direction of Mary Boyce. His 1982 Ph.D. thesis was entitled "Zoroastrianism in Armenia" and later published by Harvard University Press. Professional
Soon after finishing his Ph.D. he returned to New York City and taught at Columbia University in the Department of Middle Eastern Languages and Cultures (MELAC).He subsequently moved to Israel to became a Lady Davis Professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem at the recommendation and invitation of the scholar Michael E. Stone. By 1992, <mask> was short-listed and soon accepted and was appointed to the Mashtots Chair in Armenian Studies in the Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Department at Harvard University, succeeding <mask>. Thomson the first holder of that chair since 1969 who had returned to Oxford University in England. <mask> occupied the Mashtots Chair from 1993 until his retirement. He also taught a wide range of subjects, including freshman seminars on literature and comparative religions, literature and cultures. Dr. <mask> serves on the executive committees of the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard University. He has taught and lectured in Armenia, India, and Iran and at the Oriental Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Saint Petersburg State University. He was Government Fellowship Lecturer at the Cama Institute in Bombay, India.<mask> has been called, "A complex figure... (who) resists easy classification and is no stranger to controversy: reviled by Turks and Armenians alike." He has been interviewed as an expert and scholar on The History Channel's documentary programs including Angels: Good or Evil. <mask> has been one of the three faculty advisers for the conservative fortnightly student newspaper The Harvard Salient. He lectured on Soteriology on the Silk Road for the Buddhist Lecture Series of the University of Toronto in October 2005, and organized and chaired an international symposium in the same month to commemorate the 1600th anniversary of Saint Mesrop Mashtots, inventor of the Armenian alphabet. He has written on, translated, and analyzed the esoteric, mystical, and spiritual aspects of the writings of Gregory of Narek, and has written numerous articles for the Encyclopædia Iranica. He contributed to the New Leader magazine. Ninety one of his selected published scholarly journal articles, are gathered in his book, Armenian and Iranian Studies.Critics
<mask>'s writings were criticised by Armenian historians Armen Ayvazyan and Armen Petrosyan, who conclude that <mask> is making gross factual mistakes together with unsubstantiated and tendentious claims on Armenian history and culture. Ayvazyan considers <mask>, along with a number of other leading American armenologists, to be one of the representatives of the "false Western school of Armenian studies". Bert Vaux, an Associate Professor of Linguistics in the Department of Linguistics at Harvard University, claims that <mask>'s "chair [of Armenian Studies] is actually hurting the [Armenian] community at this point. When you call the Armenians neo-Nazis, that isn't helping the community and it's not leaving it alone - it's hurting it. You are providing fodder for people that want to attack the Armenians." In his speech at the conference "Rethinking Armenian Studies: Past, Present, and Future" on October 4, 2002 at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA, <mask> cautioned the audience against the "conspiracy theories, xenophobia, and ultra-nationalist pseudo-science [which] have come increasingly into the mainstream of Armenology in the Armenian Republic" and which have found sympathetic outlets in some of the diasporic press, where paranoia and anti-Semitism have been notably present. "It is a task of the community to set its house in order because these trends are in the end suicidal," he warned.Although Prof. <mask> declines to debate such issues, he stated that "I will help with my pen what I still believe to be the great majority of Armenians to expose and destroy the sort of people who are not only dragging our field, but possibly the community itself into dangerous territory". Personal life
Professor <mask> is the son of Dr. Charlotte Sananes <mask>, a Professor Emeritus of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the City College of New York, and Joseph Brooke <mask>, an attorney and arbitrator in New York. His grandfather, Sidney A<mask>, was a founder and president of Russell & Russell, publisher of out-of-print scholarly books. <mask> lives in Fresno, California with his partner of many years, the artist, photographer, scholar of Tibetan Buddhism and literature, the educator D.E. Cordell. Partial Russell Bibliography

Books

Zoroastrianism in Armenia (Harvard Iranian Series, 1987),
Hovhannes Tlkurantsi and the Mediaeval Armenian Lyric Tradition (University of Pennsylvania Armenian Series, 1987),
The Heroes of Kasht (Kasti K'Ajer): An Armenian Epic (Ann Arbor: Caravan, 2000),
The Book of Flowers (Belmont, Massachusetts: Armenian Heritage Press, 2003), ,
Armenian and Iranian Studies (selected articles, in Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies, 2004), , , Table of Contents
Bosphorus Nights: The Complete Lyric Poems of Bedros Tourian (Harvard Armenian Texts and Studies, 2006), ,
Poets, Heroes, and their Dragons (2 vols) (Brill, 2021),

Scholarly articles

"A Poem of Grigor Narekac'i", REArm 19, 1985, pp. 435–439
"The Name of Zoroaster in Armenian", Journal of the Society for Armenian Studies 2, 1985-1986, pp.3–10
"Zoroastrianism as the State Religion of Ancient Iran", Journal of the K. R. Cama Oriental Institute 53, Bombay, 1986, pp. 74–142
"On St. Grigor Narekatsi, His Sources and His Contemporaries", Armenian Review 41, 2-162, 1988, pp. 59–65
"Sages and Scribes at the Courts of Ancient Iran", The Sage in Israel and the Ancient Near East, J. Gammie, L. Perdue, eds., Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 1990, pp. 141–146
"Kartîr and Mânî: a Shamanistic Model of Their Conflict", Iranica Varia: Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater, Acta Iranica 30, Leiden: Brill, 1990, pp. 180–193
"Zoroastrian Elements in the Book of Esther", Irano-Judaica II, S. Shaked, A. Netzer, eds., Jerusalem, 1990, pp. 33–40
"Two Notes on Biblical Tradition and Native Epic in the 'Book of Lamentation' of St. Grigor Narekac'i", REArm 22, 1990-1991, pp. 135–145
"Virtue and Its Own Reward: The 38th Meditation of the Book of Lamentations of St. Grigor Narekatsi", Raft 1991, pp.25–30
"On Mysticism and Esotericism amongst the Zoroastrians", Iranian Studies 26.1-2, 1993, pp. 73–94
"The Mother of All Heresies: A Late Mediaeval Armenian Text on the Yushkaparik, REArm 24, 1993, pp. 273-293
"Problematic Snake Children of Armenia", REArm 25, 1994, pp. 77–96
"Zoroastrianism and the Northern Qi Panels", Zoroastrian Studies Newsletter, Bombay, 1994
"A Parthian Bhagavad Gîtâ and its Echoes", From Byzantium to Iran: Armenian Studies in Honour of Nina Garsoian, J.-P. Mahé, R. Thomson, eds., Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1996, pp. 17-35
"Armenian Spirituality: Liturgical Mysticism and Chapter 33 of the Book of Lamentation of St. Grigor Narekac'i", REArm 26, 1996–1997, pp. 427–439
"Polyphemos Armenios", REArm 26, 1996-1997, pp. 25-38
"Scythians and Avesta in an Armenian Vernacular Paternoster", Le Muséon 110.1-2, 1997, pp.91-114. "A Manichaean Apostolic Mission to Armenia? ", Proceedings of the Third European Conference of Iranian Studies, 1, N. Sims-Williams, ed., Wiesbaden: L. <mask>ert, 1998, pp. 21-26
"Truth Is What the Eye Can See: Armenian Manuscripts and Armenian Spirituality", Treasures in Heaven: Armenian Art, Religion, and Society, T. Mathews, R. Wieck, eds., New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 1998, pp. 147-162
"The Armenian Shrines of the Black Youth (t'ux manuk)", Le Muséon 111.3-4, 1998, pp. 319-343
"An Epic for the Borderlands: Zariadris of Sophene, Aslan the Rebel, Digenes Akrites, and the Mythologem of Alcestis in Armenia", Armenian Tsopk/Kharpert, R. Hovannisian, ed., Costa Mesa, California: Mazda, 1998, pp. 147-183
"A Scholium on Coleridge and an Armenian Demon", JSAS 10, 1998-99, 2000, pp.63-71
"God is Good: On Tobit and Iran", Iran and the Caucasus 5, Tehran, 2001, pp. 1-6
"The Magi in the Derveni Papyrus", Nâme-ye Irân-e Bâstân 1.1, Tehran, 2001, pp. 49-59
"Ezekiel and Iran", Irano-Judaica V, Shaul Shaked and Amnon Netzer, eds., Jerusalem: Ben-Zri Institute, 2003, pp. 1-15

Irano-Judaica V, Shaul Shaked and Amnon Netzer, eds., Jerusalem: Ben-Zri Institute, 2003, pp. O Captain! My Captain!, The Harvard Crimson,  Friday, March 03, 2006. On the resignation of former President of Harvard University Larry Summers
 Ideology over Integrity in Academe, The Current, Columbia University, Fall 2007 issue.References

External links

 Professor <mask><mask>'s page at Harvard University (archived 2016)
 Review of  Dr<mask>'s Armenian and Iranian Studies by Dr. Michael Stone
 Kavulla, Travis R., "A Small Niche for Great BooksAn Armenian Studies professor’s lonely accomplishment in general education", The Harvard Crimson, January 20, 2006. Article on <mask>'s Literature Humanities course. Harvard University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Newsletter, Spring 2004. Special mention of Prof. <mask> having published a translation and study, with the Armenian text, of "The Book of Flowers". )archived November 2004)
Harvard University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Newsletter, Spring 2006, cf. page 4. (archived June 2006)
Harvard University Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations Newsletter, Fall 2006, cf.page 6. (archived December 2006)
 Ziabariby Kourosh, "Interview with Prof. <mask>: Iran should return to its former global position again", Ovi magazine, 2008-12-30

1953 births
Living people
Harvard University faculty
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Alumni of SOAS University of London
Armenian studies scholars
Iranologists
Jewish American historians
American male non-fiction writers
People from Washington Heights, Manhattan
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians from New York (state)
Columbia University faculty
21st-century American Jews

masks:
James Robert Russell
Russell
Russell
James Russell
Russell
Robert W
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
. Russell
James Russell
Reich
James R
. Russell
. Russell
Russell
Russell
James Russell


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<mask> (1 February 1914 – 26 February 2001) was a Turkish archaeologist, and she is considered to be the first Turkish woman to have been active in the discipline. She led excavations in Perga and Side which resulted in the expansion of the Antalya Museum. Her restoration work on the Temple of Apollo in Side was noted for its significance to Turkish heritage. Her scientific work on the "Weary Hercules" statue in the collections of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston formed the legal basis for return of the bust of the statue to the Antalya Museum to be reunited with the statue's base. The Antalya Women's Museum has an annual award named in her honour which recognizes the woman of the year. Early life
<mask> was born on 1 February 1914 in İstanbul to Mesture Hanım and  as their second daughter Her father was the curator and director of the İzmir Archeology Museum for many years and later became the director of the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. During the beginning decades of the Turkish Republic, he brought transformation to curatorial work in the country by systematically cataloguing the holdings and utilizing laboratories to scientifically restore objects and artifacts.He also opened galleries to the public expanding museum collections and encouraged his daughter in her desire to study archaeology. After graduating from the Erenköy Girls High School in 1934, her father helped her secure a scholarship to study abroad, since there was no opportunity for her to continue studies in Turkey. Studying in Germany, with the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation scholarship, Ogan began her archaeological training in Berlin, at the German Archaeological Institute. The following year, she was awarded a scholarship to continue studying by the Turkish government. Despite the war, Ogan was determined to complete her doctorate and though bombs regularly fell on the city, she took her thesis and notes into a bunker continuing to work. Ogan graduated in 1943 after completing her doctoral thesis, Kunstgeschichtliche Untersuchung der Opferhandlung auf römischen Münzen (Examination of Art History in Sacrifice Rituals on Roman Coins), alongside . Career
Ogan returned to Turkey 1943 and became an assistant to , Chair of Ancient History and Numismatics for the University of Istanbul.In 1944, she married <mask>, a civil engineer and instructor at the Istanbul Technical University, and the following year gave birth to their son, Hüseyin <mask>. She spent the next two years taking photographs of artifacts and organizing the archive at the university. In 1946, she worked with  to found a chair of classical archaeology at Istanbul University, as previously the university had no independent archaeological department. That same year, she began excavations with Mansel on the site at Perga working on the Temple of Artemis. The following year, they began digs at Side, initially working on the site of the Temple of Apollo, continuing their excavations until 1966. During this period, in 1962, the conversion of one of the baths on the site into a museum was completed under <mask>'s direction and the Antalya Museum had to be expanded twice to house the findings. <mask> began publishing articles in both German and Turkish on her studies of sculptures.The first was an evaluation of Roman portraits from the Anatolia region, Antalya bölgesi Roma devri portreleri: Römische Porträts aus dem Gebiet von Antalya (Roman portraits from the area of Antalya, 1965) and the following year she published Roman and Early Byzantine Portrait Sculpture in Asia Minor with . In 1967, <mask> was put in charge of the excavations at Perga and that same year, a large group of bronze statues appeared in the United States with a murky provenance, but with claims of possible origin in south-west Anatolia. İnan began working to try to verify the actual location of origin in 1973. Unlike other finds in which the sites were known and misappropriated pieces later appeared in museums, the bronzes were unique in that the pieces appeared in a museum but their place of origin was unknown. From 1970 to 1972, İnan worked at a dig site in the ancient city of Cremna in the Pisidia region and then between 1972 and 1979 excavated at Seleucia along the  Mediterranean coast north of Manavgat, uncovering the city agora, as well as several baths and the temple structure. Dated to the Hellenistic period, the agora was constructed in the Ionic Order and contained decorations depicting the Seven Sages of Greece as well as mosaics. She was appointed as a full professor at Istanbul University in 1974, and upon Mansel's death, the following year was elevated to the head of the archaeology department.In 1980, while excavating at Perga, İnan uncovered the bottom half of a 2nd-century AD copy of Lysippos' "Weary Heracles". Rumors at the dig had led them to a workman who was suspected of taking statuary, but no one suspected that the upper torso of the statue was stolen. The following year, the missing half surfaced in New York. The bottom half of the statue was displayed at the Antalia Museum and the upper half was displayed at MFA, after their 1982 acquisition of the piece. From 1981 to 1990, <mask> led restoration work on the Temple of Apollo at Side, conserving a significant monument of Turkey's cultural heritage. Though she retired from the university in 1983, <mask> continued to work, beginning excavations again in Perga at the Theater in 1985 continuing her work there until 1992. In 1990, İnan uncovered the Sebasteion, or imperial cult temple, in a dig at Bubon, which she attributed as the place which had housed the bronze statues she had first heard of in 1967.Her findings were published in the book, Boubon Sebasteionu ve heykelleri üzerine son araştırmalar in 1994. The bronzes were said to have been brought to the Burdur Archaeological Museum with an unknown origin, but due to the unauthorized excavations reported at Bubon at that time and the similarities to artifacts found there, İnan began her investigation at that location. From the looter's diary and examination of scattered pieces of arms, heads and torsos held in various collections worldwide, she confirmed that the building had inscriptions for fourteen statues. Though her attribution of seven statues to the Bubon site gained wide acceptance in archaeological circles, the scattered nature of the pieces and the unauthorized excavation of the statues have raised doubts by other researchers. In 1990, a journalist, Özgen Acar was attending an exhibition at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art and went to see the private collection of Shelby White and Leon Levy. He spotted the statue and thought that it looked familiar. After publishing photographs of the statue in the American art magazine Connoisseur, İnan did a photo stitching of the bust portion and agreed with Acar that the two pieces were of the same statue.She was determined to retrieve the statue as part of Turkey's cultural heritage and made a plaster cast of the lower portion to prove that the two parts would fit together. <mask>, Engin Özgen, the General Director Monuments and Museums and students went to Boston with the cast to meet with experts and lawyers, but their results were rejected. At her own expense, <mask> made a second trip, with a plaster cast made by an American sculptor, which the Turkish government had hired, in 1992. The second cast conclusively proved the two parts were of the same statue, but the MFA continued to fight returning the piece to Turkey until 2011. Beginning in 1995, <mask> who had Parkinson's disease, curtailed her field work and focused her work on publishing. Works produced in this period included Toroslar’da Bir Antik Kent: Lyrbe? Seleukeia?(1998) and
Perge'nin Roma devri heykeltraşlığı 1 (2000), which catalogued the finds made in Perga from 1946 to 1992. Death and legacy
In 1989, in honor of <mask>'s 75th birthday, a book, Festschrift für Jale Inan, was published by colleagues and friends in honor of her lifelong accomplishments. Prior to her death, on 26 February 2001, <mask> donated her books and compilations to the Antalya Museum. In her honor, the Antalya Women's Museum established the Woman of the Year Award, given annually to recognize women who have contributed to Turkish culture and the development of women. References

Citations

Bibliography

1914 births
2001 deaths
People from Istanbul
Turkish women archaeologists
Turkish archaeologists
20th-century Turkish women writers
20th-century Turkish writers
Erenköy Girls High School alumni
20th-century archaeologists

masks:
Jale İnan
Jale Ogan
Mustafa İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan
İnan


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<mask> (born September 6, 1964) is an American serial killer, kidnapper, thief and rapist. Goudeau terrorized victims in the Phoenix metro area between August 2005 and June 2006. Coincidentally, Goudeau was active at the same time as two other Phoenix serial killers, jointly known as the "Serial Shooter.”

In addition to committing nine murders, his extensive crime spree included 84 other felony crimes, totaling 93 felonies over the ten-month period. He faced two separate trials—one for 19 charges related to an attack on two sisters whom he raped and sexually assaulted, and another related to 74 more charges including murder, robbery, rape, kidnapping, sexual abuse and/or assault of minors and adults. All but one of his victims were females. Goudeau was convicted on a total of 76 of 93 crimes, and was sentenced to death 9 times (one for each murder conviction) and given a sum total of 1,634 years in Arizona state prison. Background
<mask> was first referred to as the Baseline Rapist when Phoenix Police announced that a light-skinned black male was sexually assaulting females as young as 12 years old at gunpoint near Baseline Road.Goudeau would later be dubbed the Baseline Killer in the spring of 2006 after investigators linked him to a series of murders and armed robberies. The crimes later spread north, primarily in the North Central area of Phoenix, Arizona. Goudeau is believed to have committed nine counts of first degree murder (the victims were eight women and one man), in addition to 15 sexual assaults on women and young girls, 11 counts of kidnapping, and a number of armed robberies. Although not initially linked, the crimes were distinguished by having no apparent motive, and the murders were particularly brutal, with the killer often shooting the victims in the head. The criminal was often described wearing various disguises such as a Halloween mask as well as attempting to impersonate a homeless man or drug addict. Police say that the shell casings found at each of the crime scenes all came from the same gun. Phoenix police spent thousands of hours patrolling and following up on hundreds of tips during the summer of 2006.As residents of Phoenix became increasingly alarmed by the random nature of the violent crimes, community meetings were called by the police to distribute a sketch based on the description given by the surviving victims. Frustration and fear blanketed the city as posters and billboards displayed the sketch of the Baseline Killer, offering a $100,000 reward for information leading to an arrest. It took the police over a year to finally come up with a viable suspect. <mask> was at the time on community supervision (parole) with the Arizona Department of Corrections and supervised out of the Northeast Parole Office. In August 2006, parole officers in the Northeast Parole Office provided information to the Phoenix Police Department task force suggesting that Goudeau matched the sketch of the Baseline Killer. Parole officers searched Goudeau's residence and found a ski mask and a realistic "toy" handgun. Police used this information to obtain a search warrant for Goudeau's residence and found additional items that linked him to crimes committed by the Baseline Killer.On September 4, 2006, <mask> was arrested in connection to the sexual assault of two Phoenix sisters, an attack which was tied to the Baseline Killer investigation. The sisters, one of whom was visibly pregnant, were assaulted in a Phoenix city park on September 20, 2005. Goudeau was linked to the attack by DNA evidence collected shortly following the time of the crime. On September 7, 2007, <mask> was tried and convicted of all 19 charges relating to the attack on the two sisters. He was sentenced on December 14, 2007, to 438 years in prison for the sexual assault charges. On November 30, 2011, a Phoenix jury sentenced him to death on the murder charges relating to the Baseline Killings. <mask> is held on death row in ASPC Florence, awaiting execution.Timeline
 August 6, 2005, two sexual assaults
 9:45 pm, 7202 S. 48th Street, Phoenix. Police say Goudeau forced three teenagers behind a church near Baseline Road, and molested two of the girls. August 14, 2005, combined sexual assault and robbery
 4:10 am, 2425 E. Thomas Rd, Phoenix. September 8, 2005, homicide
 1:00 am, 3730 S. Mill Ave, Tempe, Georgia Thompson, 19. September 15, 2005, sexual assault
 9:40 am, 4512 N. 40th St, Phoenix. September 20, 2005, sexual assault
 10:30 pm, 3100 W. Vineyard Rd, Phoenix. While walking home from a Phoenix city park at night, two sisters (one of whom was clearly pregnant), were approached by Goudeau who was armed with a gun.He sexually assaulted one of the sisters while pushing the gun into the other sister's pregnant belly. He was arrested, one year later, when DNA evidence found on the women matched his profile. This was the breakthrough that led to the arrest in the Baseline Killer investigation. September 28, 2005, robbery
 1425 W. Baseline Rd, Tempe. September 28, 2005, combined sexual assault and robbery
 9:30 pm, 7202 S. Central Ave, Phoenix. November 3, 2005, robbery and sexual assault
 separate robbery at 8:01 pm, 4019 N. 32nd St, Phoenix, then sexual assault at 8:10 pm, 3131 E. Indian School (across street of robbery), Phoenix. A robbery occurred on North 32nd Street.A man with dreadlocks and a fisherman's hat walked into a shop and robbed it at gunpoint for $720. Less than 10 minutes later, he abducted a woman placing items in a parking lot donation receptacle, across the street. He sexually assaulted her in her car and demanded she drive him to the corner because he just committed a robbery. The victim said he wore a Halloween costume and black plastic glasses. November 7, 2005, three separate robberies
 8:08 pm, 2950 N. 32nd St, Phoenix. A string of robberies occurred starting with four people at gunpoint inside Las Brasas, a Mexican restaurant. He then went next door to a Little Caesar's Pizza restaurant and robbed three people inside.Immediately before entering the pizza restaurant, he robbed four people outside on the street. He reportedly stole $463 and fired a round into the air as he fled. December 12, 2005, homicide
 at 6:55 pm there was a homicide on 6005 S. 40th Street, Phoenix. Tina Washington, 39, was on her way home from a preschool where she worked. A witness spotted a man with a drawn gun standing over her body behind a fast food restaurant. She had been shot in the head. December 13, 2005, robbery
 4:00 pm, a woman was robbed at 700 E. South Mountain Avenue, Phoenix.February 20, 2006, two homicides
 7:38 am, the bodies of 38-year-old Romelia Vargas and 34-year-old Mirna Palma-Roman were found shot to death inside their snack truck at 91st Avenue and Lower Buckeye Road. Initially, police did not connect this crime to the Baseline Killer and believed that the murders were drug-related. The murders were officially linked by police in July 2006. March 15, 2006, two homicides
 at 9:00 pm, a double homicide was discovered on 4102 N. 24th Street, Phoenix. Two employees of Yoshi's restaurant at 24th Street and Indian School Road were on their way home in the same vehicle. Liliana Sanchez-Cabrera, age 20, was found dead in the parking lot of another fast-food restaurant while the body of Chao Chou was discovered about a mile away. Both victims were shot in the head.March 29, 2006, homicide
 12:00 am, 2502 N. 24th St, Phoenix. A body was discovered on North 24th Street. A local businessman noticed streaks of blood on the gravel of a parking lot. The police were called, but a search of the area turned up nothing of real value. A week later, the businessman discovered the badly decomposed body of Kristin Nicole Gibbons as he was investigating a horrible odor in the area. She had been shot in the head. May 1, 2006, sexual assault
 at 9:00 pm, 2950 N. 32nd St, Phoenix.A man in a latex Halloween mask abducted a woman in a car and sexually assaulted her at gunpoint. She was taken from outside the same restaurants where the November 7, 2005 crimes occurred. May 5, 2006
 Phoenix police went public with a list of 18 crimes that they believed were the work of the Baseline Killer. This number has since risen to 23, . June 29, 2006, homicide
 at 9:30 pm, a homicide occurred on 2924 E. Thomas Rd, Phoenix. Carmen Miranda, 37, was abducted from a self-serve carwash, located half a block from May 1 and November 7 crimes, while she was on her cellular phone. She was found dead from a gunshot to the head behind a barbershop about  away.The attack was captured on closed-circuit television. This is the last crime attributed to the Baseline Killer. Investigation

Documents release
Phoenix police released hundreds of pages of documents that detailed their investigation into the Baseline Killer. The paperwork obtained by ABC15 News revealed that police had at least 10 names of possible suspects that they had looked into, and that they had already ruled out some of those people. The 20,000 pages of police reports were primarily of other suspects with very little mention of <mask>. The documents revealed information on nine cases ranging from a double homicide to sexual assaults, robberies and kidnappings. The new information included police reports and narratives that described where and who police were looking at in the investigation.They also discussed investigative leads; however, much of the information was redacted. According to the documents, the Baseline Killer posed as a homeless person in one incident, pushing a shopping cart toward a woman in a parking lot near 32nd Street and Thomas Road. He forced himself into her car and told her to perform oral sex upon him or he would kill her. She fought him off, the records said. In that incident, the man believed to be the Baseline Killer was wearing gloves, a mask and clothing that covered his entire body. The records show police worked to obtain partial hand prints, DNA and ballistics reports to build their case; but those results were blacked out on the paperwork. False confession
While being interviewed by police in Kentucky on a burglary case, James Dewayne Mullins claimed responsibility for the murder of Georgia Thompson on September 8, 2005.Mullins told police he shot Thompson as she attempted to rob him outside the Scottsdale strip club where she worked. However, Thompson's body was found almost  away in Tempe at her apartment complex. Police do not believe she was killed elsewhere. Mullins changed his story when police definitively linked the homicide to the Baseline Killer. Since then, he has told police that he was not in Arizona. Mullins denies any involvement in Thompson's death. On August 3, 2006, murder charges against Mullins were dropped.Authorities stated that Mullins had caused a significant diversion of resources during the hunt for the genuine killer. Mishandling of evidence
In April 2009, the Times Publications, a chain of publications in the Phoenix metro area, published a story revealing that the Phoenix Police Department had possessed the key DNA evidence that was eventually used to crack the Baseline Killer case nine months before the arrest, but failed to analyze it in a timely manner. Suspects

Arrest of Goudeau as a suspect
On September 4, 2006, Phoenix police announced an arrest in connection with a sexual assault previously linked to the Baseline Killer while serving a search warrant at 28th Street and Pinchot Avenue. Police arrested <mask>, a construction worker living in Phoenix. Goudeau was charged with attacking two sisters on September 20, 2005, while they were walking home from a Phoenix city park at night. Goudeau was linked to the attack by matching DNA evidence found on the victims. Goudeau was tried and convicted on all 19 counts connected to the assault and all murders related to the Baseline Killer investigation.During the trial, the two sisters gave testimony that Goudeau suddenly approached them with a gun in his hand. They were forced into nearby bushes and told to remove their clothing. The victims said Goudeau sexually assaulted the younger sister as he pointed his gun at the other sister's pregnant abdomen. Prosecutors said Goudeau warned the women not to look at his face during the assault. They also stated he rubbed dirt on one of the women to remove saliva traces, and wore a condom during the assault on one of the sisters. Maricopa County Attorney Andrew Thomas stated he would seek the death penalty on Goudeau if he were convicted in the murder trial. Goudeau's wife, Wendy Carr, told The Associated Press that police arrested the wrong man; "My husband is innocent," Carr reportedly said in a telephone interview."This is a huge miscarriage of justice. And they have an innocent man in prison. This is all a mistake. He shouldn't be in prison for something he didn't do." Goudeau was described as a loving husband and exceptionally friendly neighbor who took meticulous care of his lawn. Friends and family deny any possibility that Goudeau could be the Baseline Killer, saying he was framed by Phoenix police who were desperate for a suspect. According to Arizona prison officials, Goudeau is an ex-convict who served 13 years of a 21-year sentence for aggravated assault, including beating a woman's head with a barbell, and armed robbery.Goudeau pleaded down to the charge of aggravated assault, but he had also originally been charged with rape and kidnapping. The rape charge was dropped, as there was no physical evidence of rape. On December 7, 2006, three months after Goudeau was arrested, Phoenix police said they were confident he was responsible for the full series of murders, rapes and robberies that terrorized the city for 13 months. Goudeau is believed to have committed nine murders, one more than originally attributed to the Baseline Killer (the murder of Sophia Nunez on April 10, 2006). Police say ballistics, DNA and circumstantial evidence prove that Goudeau is the Baseline Killer. During the trial, a forensic specialist with the Department of Public Safety told the Maricopa County Superior Court that Goudeau was undoubtedly the source of male DNA found on the left breast of one of the victims with it being 360 trillion times more likely that DNA collected from the crime scene came from Goudeau rather than an unrelated black male. Corwin Townsend, Goudeau's defense attorney at the time, pointed out that Heath's analysis showed only a partial match.Under cross-examination, Heath agreed that Goudeau's DNA was consistent with only three of 13 genetic markers. Police recommended that prosecutors charge Goudeau with 74 crimes, including nine counts of first-degree murder, five counts of sexual assault, three counts of attempted sexual assault, 10 counts of kidnapping, 12 counts of armed robbery, four counts of attempted armed robbery, three counts of sexual abuse, nine counts of sexual conduct with a minor, 13 counts of aggravated assault, and three counts of indecent exposure. On October 31, 2011, <mask> was found guilty of a total of 67 felony counts, including all murders attributed to the Baseline Killer. On November 30, 2011, Goudeau was sentenced to death 9 times for the murders and 1,196 years for the other 58 crimes he was convicted for- while serving a 438-year sentence after being convicted for 19 separate crimes related to the rape and assault of two sisters during this same crime spree. This sentence totals 1,634 years. In October 2015, Goudeau appealed his nine death sentences, with an appellate attorney arguing to the Arizona Supreme Court that Goudeau should have been tried separately for each of the murders and some other counts. In June 2016, The Arizona Supreme Court upheld nine death sentences and more than 60 other felony convictions against <mask>au.Second suspect
In June 2009, a leaked police report indicated another suspect had been questioned in connection to the Vargas and Roman lunch truck murder in February 2006. Terry Wayne Smith, a black male who matched the description of the Baseline Killer and who lived near several of the Baseline Killer crime scenes was documented as a potential accomplice. Smith had a long, violent history of crime in California and Arizona including aggravated assault, armed robbery, and was a suspect in two homicide cases. Smith was released from prison shortly before the Baseline Killer attacks began, and he was arrested a few days after Goudeau. Smith is currently imprisoned for four years after allegedly holding his family at gunpoint the night before his arrest. Police officer Rusty Stuart compiled 166 pages suggesting that Smith may have been involved in some of the Baseline murders. However, police spokesmen say that Smith had been properly questioned and dismissed as a suspect, and state that Smith was in jail at the time of one of the murders.See also
List of serial killers in the United States

References

1964 births
2005 murders in the United States
21st-century American criminals
American male criminals
American serial killers
Male serial killers
African-American people
American people convicted of attempted murder
American people convicted of assault
American people convicted of child sexual abuse
American people convicted of kidnapping
American people convicted of murder
American people convicted of rape
American people convicted of sexual assault
American prisoners sentenced to death
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Criminals from Arizona
History of Phoenix, Arizona
Living people
People convicted of murder by Arizona
Prisoners sentenced to death by Arizona
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Arizona
Criminals from Phoenix, Arizona
21st-century African-American people

masks:
Mark Goudeau
Goudeau
Mark Goudeau
Mark Goudeau
Goudeau
Goudeau
Mark Goudeau
Mark Goudeau
Mark Goudeau
Mark Goude