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<mask> (; 7 September 1939 – 19 May 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of the Soviet Air Defence Forces who played a key role in the 1983 Soviet nuclear false alarm incident. On 26 September 1983, three weeks after the Soviet military had shot down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, <mask> was the duty officer at the command center for the Oko nuclear early-warning system when the system reported that a missile had been launched from the United States, followed by up to five more. <mask> judged the reports to be a false alarm, and his decision to disobey orders, against Soviet military protocol, is credited with having prevented an erroneous retaliatory nuclear attack on the United States and its NATO allies that could have resulted in a large-scale nuclear war which could have wiped out half of the population of the countries involved. An investigation later confirmed that the Soviet satellite warning system had indeed malfunctioned. Because of his decision not to launch a retaliatory nuclear strike amid this incident, <mask> is often credited as having "saved the world". Early life and military career
<mask> was born on 7 September 1939 near Vladivostok. His father, Yevgraf, flew fighter aircraft during World War II.His mother was a nurse. <mask> enrolled at the Kiev Higher Engineering Radio-Technical College of the Soviet Air Forces, and after graduating in 1972 he joined the Soviet Air Defence Forces. In the early 1970s, he was assigned to the organization that oversaw the new early warning system intended to detect ballistic missile attacks from NATO countries. <mask> was married to Raisa, and had a son, Dmitri, and a daughter, Yelena. His wife died of cancer in 1997. Incident

According to the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the UN, nuclear retaliation requires that multiple sources confirm an attack. In any case, the incident exposed a serious flaw in the Soviet early warning system.<mask> has said that he was neither rewarded nor punished for his actions. Had <mask> reported incoming American missiles, his superiors might have launched an assault against the United States, precipitating a corresponding nuclear response from the United States. <mask> declared the system's indication a false alarm. Later, it was apparent that he was right: no missiles were approaching and the computer detection system was malfunctioning. It was subsequently determined that the false alarm had been created by a rare alignment of sunlight on high-altitude clouds above North Dakota and the Molniya orbits of the satellites, an error later corrected by cross-referencing a geostationary satellite. <mask> later indicated that the influences on his decision included that he had been told a US strike would be all-out, so five missiles seemed an illogical start; that the launch detection system was new and, in his view, not yet wholly trustworthy; that the message passed through 30 layers of verification too quickly; and that ground radar failed to pick up corroborative evidence, even after minutes of delay. However, in a 2013 interview, <mask> said at the time he was never sure that the alarm was erroneous.He felt that his civilian training helped him make the right decision. He said that his colleagues were all professional soldiers with purely military training and, following instructions, would have reported a missile launch if they had been on his shift. <mask> underwent intense questioning by his superiors about his judgment. Initially, he was praised for his decision. General Yury Votintsev, then commander of the Soviet Air Defense's Missile Defense Units, who was the first to hear <mask>'s report of the incident (and the first to reveal it to the public in the 1990s), states that <mask>'s "correct actions" were "duly noted". <mask> himself states he was initially praised by Votintsev and promised a reward, but recalls that he was also reprimanded for improper filing of paperwork because he had not described the incident in the war diary. He received no reward.According to <mask>, this was because the incident and other bugs found in the missile detection system embarrassed his superiors and the scientists who were responsible for it, so that if he had been officially rewarded, they would have had to be punished. He was reassigned to a less sensitive post, took early retirement (although he emphasized that he was not "forced out" of the army, as is sometimes claimed by Western sources), and suffered a nervous breakdown. In a later interview, <mask> stated that the famous red button was never made operational, as military psychologists did not want to put the decision about a nuclear war into the hands of one single person. The incident became known publicly in 1998 upon the publication of Votintsev's memoirs. Widespread media reports since then have increased public awareness of <mask>'s actions. There is some confusion as to precisely what <mask>'s military role was in this incident. <mask>, as an individual, was not in a position where he could have single-handedly launched any of the Soviet missile arsenal.His sole duty was to monitor satellite surveillance equipment and report missile attack warnings up the chain of command; top Soviet leadership would have decided whether to launch a retaliatory attack against the West. But <mask>'s role was crucial in providing information to make that decision. According to Bruce G. Blair, a Cold War nuclear strategies expert and nuclear disarmament advocate, formerly with the Center for Defense Information, "The top leadership, given only a couple of minutes to decide, told that an attack had been launched, would make a decision to retaliate." <mask> later said "I had obviously never imagined that I would ever face that situation. It was the first and, as far as I know, also the last time that such a thing had happened, except for simulated practice scenarios." Later career
In the aftermath of the incident, the Soviet government investigated the incident and determined that <mask> had insufficiently documented his actions during the crisis. He explained it as "Because I had a phone in one hand and the intercom in the other, and I don't have a third hand"; nevertheless, <mask> received a reprimand.In 1984, <mask> left the military and got a job at the research institute that had developed the Soviet Union's early warning system. He later retired so he could care for his wife after she was diagnosed with cancer. A BBC report in 1998 stated <mask> had suffered a mental breakdown and quoted <mask> as saying, "I was made a scapegoat." During a visit to the United States for the filming of the documentary The Man Who Saved the World, <mask> toured in May 2007 the Minuteman Missile National Historic Site and, having retired from USSR military, commented, “[he] would never have imagined being able to visit one of the enemy’s securest sites.”

<mask> died on 19 May 2017 from hypostatic pneumonia, though it was not widely reported until September. Awards and commendations
On 21 May 2004, the San Francisco-based Association of World Citizens gave <mask> its World Citizen Award along with a trophy and $1,000 "in recognition of the part he played in averting a catastrophe." In January 2006, <mask> travelled to the United States where he was honored in a meeting at the United Nations in New York City. There the Association of World Citizens presented <mask> with a second special World Citizen Award.The next day, <mask> met American journalist Walter Cronkite at his CBS office in New York City. That interview, in addition to other highlights of <mask>'s trip to the United States, was filmed for The Man Who Saved the World, a narrative feature and documentary film, directed by Peter Anthony of Denmark. It premiered in October 2014 at the Woodstock Film Festival in Woodstock, New York, winning "Honorable Mention: Audience Award Winner for Best Narrative Feature" and "Honorable Mention: James Lyons Award for Best Editing of a Narrative Feature." For his actions in averting a potential nuclear war in 1983, <mask> was awarded the Dresden Peace Prize in Dresden, Germany, on 17 February 2013. The award included €25,000. On 24 February 2012, he was given the 2011 German Media Award, presented to him at a ceremony in Baden-Baden, Germany. On 26 September 2018 he was posthumously honored in New York with the $50,000 Future of Life Award.At a ceremony at the Museum of Mathematics in New York, former United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon said: “It is hard to imagine anything more devastating for humanity than all-out nuclear war between Russia and the United States. Yet this might have occurred by accident on September 26, 1983, were it not for the wise decisions of <mask> Yevgrafovich <mask>. For this, he deserves humanity’s profound gratitude. Let us resolve to work together to realize a world free from fear of nuclear weapons, remembering the courageous judgement of <mask> <mask>.” As <mask> had died, the award was collected by his daughter, Elena. <mask>’s son Dmitry missed his flight to New York because the US embassy delayed his visa. On the same day that <mask> was first honored at the United Nations in New York City, the Permanent Mission of the Russian Federation to the United Nations issued a press release contending that a single person could not have started or prevented a nuclear war, stating in part, "Under no circumstances a decision to use nuclear weapons could be made or even considered in the Soviet Union or in the United States on the basis of data from a single source or a system. For this to happen, a confirmation is necessary from several systems: ground-based radars, early warning satellites, intelligence reports, etc."But nuclear security expert Bruce G. Blair has said that at that time, the U.S.–Soviet relationship had deteriorated to the point where "the Soviet Union as a system—not just the Kremlin, not just Andropov, not just the KGB—but as a system, was geared to expect an attack and to retaliate very quickly to it. It was on hair-trigger alert. It was very nervous and prone to mistakes and accidents. The false alarm that happened on <mask>'s watch could not have come at a more dangerous, intense phase in US–Soviet relations." At that time, according to Oleg Kalugin, a former KGB chief of foreign counterintelligence, "The danger was in the Soviet leadership thinking, 'The Americans may attack, so we better attack first.'" <mask> said he did not know whether he should have regarded himself as a hero for what he did that day. In an interview for the film The Man Who Saved the World, <mask> says, "All that happened didn't matter to me—it was my job.I was simply doing my job, and I was the right person at the right time, that's all. My late wife for 10 years knew nothing about it. 'So what did you do?' she asked me. 'Nothing. I did nothing.'" See also
 Vasily Arkhipov – a Soviet Naval officer who refused to launch a nuclear torpedo during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis
 List of nuclear close calls

References

External links

BrightStarSound.com a tribute website, multiple pages with photos and reprints of various articles about Petrov
Nuclear War:  Minuteman

1939 births
2017 deaths
Soviet Air Defence Force officers
People from Vladivostok
Cold War military history of the Soviet Union
Deterrence theory during the Cold War
Nuclear warfare
Deaths from pneumonia in Russia

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Stanislav Yevgrafovich Petrov
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<mask> (born September 6, 1980) is a Nigerian professional boxer. He held the WBC heavyweight title in 2008, when he stopped Oleg Maskaev in six rounds. In his prime, he was known for his rivalry with the Klitschko brothers, having faced Wladimir twice (in 2005 and 2010) and Vitali once. He was ranked by The Ring among ten best heavyweights from 2005 to 2008, reaching his highest ranking of world No.2 in 2007, and by BoxRec as the world's No.6 heavyweight at the conclusion of 2004 and 2005 and as No.5 heavyweight in 2006. <mask> is known for his punching power and holds a 78.9% knockout-to-win ratio. Early years and amateur career
Originally, <mask>'s preferred sport was football. In 1992, some boxers came to his school to train.The curious young 11-year-old stopped by and asked if he could train along with them. He was put up against an experienced amateur and knocked him out. This marked the beginning of a successful amateur career for <mask>. He won the Nigerian Amateur Heavyweight Championship and the Africa Zone 3 Heavyweight Championship. He faced stiff competition as an amateur (including a knockout victory over 2000 silver medalist Mukhtarkhan Dildabekov of Kazakhstan). However, he prevailed and was given the opportunity to represent Nigeria at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia. <mask> lost in the quarterfinals to Italian Paolo Vidoz by decision.However, his performance was noted for being very impressive from such a young pugilist and hence more excitement was generated for him than the eventual gold medalist, Audley Harrison, to whom <mask> had lost a very close decision just a few months before the Olympics. Professional career

Early career
Immediately after the Olympics, Ivaylo Gotzev signed on as <mask>'s manager, and Andy "Pops" Anderson became his coach. They were then able to land a promotional deal with Dino Duva of Duva Boxing. <mask> made his professional debut on February 6, 2001 against Bulgarian fighter Georgi Hristov in Almaty, Kazakhstan. <mask> won the bout by first-round knockout. He had seven fights in 2001, winning all of them but one in the first-round. <mask> made a step up in competition the following year, as his first fight of the year was against Marion Wilson.The bout was scheduled for four rounds. With 11–37–3 record, Wilson was known for his durability and toughness, having never lost inside the distance and occasionally pulling upsets, such as wins over Corey Sanders and Paea Wolfgramm or split draw against Ray Mercer. <mask> won the bout by unanimous decision. <mask> had his next fight 19 days later against Julius Joiner (2–0–1, 1 KOs). This was <mask>'s first televised fight, as it was aired on ESPN2. The bout was on the undercard of the event that had James Toney facing Sione Asipeli and Lamont Pearson facing Orlando Salido. Joiner did not come out for the second round, prompting the referee to declare <mask> the winner by corner retirement.<mask> had three more fights in 2002, winning each by second-round stoppage and having the former two televised by ESPN2. Afterwards <mask> did not enter the ring for 8 months before facing Dale Crowe for the WBC's Youth heavyweight title. 26-year old Crowe had a 24–6–2 (15 KOs) record coming into the fight and had only been stopped by DaVarryl Williamson. Crowe became notorious after the fight against former world heavyweight champion Greg Page, in which he pushed Page against the ropes, which resulted in Page ending up partially paralyzed. This was the first professional fight in <mask>'s career scheduled for 10 rounds. The event was aired on ESPN2. <mask> won every round on all scorecards before stopping Crowe in the fourth round.<mask> returned to the ring three months later, facing Lyle McDowell (27–9–1, 18 KOs) on June 21, 2003 in a fight televised by HBO as part of the card that saw Lennox Lewis facing Vitali Klitschko in the main event. <mask> stopped McDowell in the fourth round. <mask> finished the year with two second-round stoppages, boosting his record to 16 wins in 16 fights, with 15 of them inside the distance. He signed to fight Lawrence Clay-Bey (18–2, 13 KOs) in December in a bout televised by ESPN, however Clay-Bey pulled out of the fight due to injury. Dino Duva accused Clay-Bey of faking an injury to avoid fighting <mask>. <mask> vs. Shufford, Pudar

After scoring two back-to-back stoppage wins against Chris Isaac and Jose Arimatea da Silva, with the former being the first time <mask> went past fifth round, <mask> took a big step up in competition when he faced former WBO world heavyweight title challenger Charles Shufford on May 17, 2004. This was the first time <mask> Kushner Promotions and broadcast on In Demand for $19.95. Shufford had a record of 20–5, 9 KOs coming into the bout and was 3–3 in his last six fights. <mask> won the bout by unanimous decision, going ten rounds for the first time in his career. Three judges scored the bout 99–91, 98–92 and 97–93. According to CompuBox, <mask> landed more total and power punches than Shufford in every round; overall, <mask> threw 569 shots (32.2% accuracy), with 277 of them being power punches (46.2% accuracy). Three months later, <mask> faced Serbian heavyweight Jovo Pudar on 5 August 2004 at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino in Hollywood, Florida. 33-year old Jovo Pudar had a record of 22–2 (12 KOs) coming into the bout and had never been stopped in his professional boxing career.He was 5–1 in his last six fights, with the only loss coming at the hands of Taurus Sykes. The fight was televised by Showtime as part of the ShoBox: The New Generation boxing program. In the build-up to the fight, Ivaylo Gotzev claimed that this fight would finally establish <mask> as "the next true heavyweight king in the minds of boxing fans": "enough about Dominick Guinn and Joe Mesi and all the rest of them; tune in August 5. I guarantee <mask> will be explosive!" He also expressed his interest in Lawrence Clay-Bey, who was coming off of a fifth-round TKO win over former IBF world cruiserweight champion Imamu Mayfield, as <mask>'s next opponent. Although <mask> was unable to stop Pudar, he bloodied his nose, eventually winning a unanimous decision. Three judges scored the bout 100–90 (twice) and 98–92.According to CompuBox, there were 1,281 punches thrown between two fighters. <mask> connected on 239 shots out of 690, while Pudar landed 162 punches out of 591. <mask> outlanded his opponent in each round but third and ninth (even) and connected on more power shots in all of the ten rounds. <mask> vs. Williams, Diaz

To conclude 2004, <mask> agreed to face former WBO world heavyweight title challenger Jeremy Williams (41–4–1, 35 KOs) on December 4, 2004 at Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. With a record of 6–0–1, 4 KOs in his last seven fights, Williams was seen to had put his losses to Henry Akinwande and Brian Nielsen behind him, scoring back-to-back upset victories against rising prospects Andre Purlette (35–1, 32 KOs) and Attila Levin (29–1, 23 KOs) and drawing against former IBF world cruiserweight champion Al Cole. The bout took place on the undercard of Jose Luis Castillo vs. Joel Casamayor and was aired on Showtime. Both boxers started the fight aggressively.After back-and-forth trading in the opening seconds, Williams retreated onto the outside, at first attempting to bob-and-weave but then changing his tactics to circling around <mask> and working behind the jab after the bob-and-weave strategy didn't work. Meanwhile <mask> was stalking his opponent across the ring, fighting his way inside and putting heavy pressure on Williams' body whenever Williams was at mid-range. With 20 seconds into the second round, <mask> threw a one-two combination; as Williams ducked under <mask>'s right hand, <mask> turned around and landed a left hook while Williams was square-footed and moving out of the mid-range. Williams was out cold for several minutes. <mask> was declared the winner by second-round knockout, winning the vacant WBC-NABF heavyweight title. The win was nominated for the Knockout of the Year by ESPN. By December 2004, <mask> was ranked No.9 contender by the WBC.On January 22, 2005, <mask> faced Cuban heavyweight Yanqui Díaz, who had a record 13–1, 8 KOs coming into the bout. This was the second time <mask> was scheduled to fight in a twelve-round bout. Díaz was a highly regarded prospect due to his long and decorated amateur career, with boxing manager Wes Wolfe predicting he would become "a superstar among the Cubans". After an unexpected loss against Tony Thompson, Díaz went on a 5-fight winning streak, which included an upset first-round TKO against undefeated former long-reigning WBC world cruiserweight champion Juan Carlos Gomez and a split-decision victory over Vaughn Bean. He was ranked No.13 contender by the WBO by January 2005. The bout took place on the undercard of Floyd Mayweather Jr. vs. Henry Bruseles and was aired on HBO. The fight saw <mask> patiently stalking Díaz across the ring and finding his way inside while Díaz tried to stay on the outside, fight behind the jab and circle around his heavier opponent.In the first round, <mask> sent Díaz down with a right hand. He did it again in the second but was deducted two points for intentionally hitting Díaz while he was down. In the fourth round, <mask> pinned Díaz against the ropes and eventually knocked him down. Díaz got up but was sent to the canvas with a left hook to the body. <mask> dropped Díaz for the fifth time in the following round, which prompted Díaz's corner to throw in the towel. By defeating Díaz, <mask> won the vacant IBF-USBA heavyweight title. By April 2005, <mask> was ranked No.5 contender by the WBC, No.6 by the WBO and No.9 by the IBF.On April 29, 2005, he defeated a journeyman Gilbert Martinez (18–8–3, 7 KOs) by third round TKO in a stay busy fight televised by ESPN2 as part of the Friday Night Fights series. By June, <mask> was ranked No.9 heavyweight contender by The Ring. He was also ranked No.4 by the WBC and No.5 by both the IBF and WBO. Having a record of 23–0, 20 KOs, <mask> was predicted to have a bright future in the heavyweight division, with the media often comparing him to Mike Tyson due to his build and punching power. When interviewed by ESPN in 2005, Mike Tyson picked <mask> and Calvin Brock as his favorite fighters from the new crop of heavyweights. <mask> vs. Sykes

Less than three months later, <mask> went on to face WBA-NABA heavyweight champion Taurus Sykes (23–1–1, 6 KOs) in Reno, Nevada on July 2, 2005. This was the first time <mask> headlined a card televised by Showtime.The event was part of the Showtime Championship Boxing program. Sykes was 5–0–1 in his last six fights, most notably defeating another Nigerian heavyweight Friday Ahunanya by decision in a competitive bout and scoring a draw against Imamu Mayfield. In the build-up to the fight, Sykes accused <mask> of ducking the fight with him previously: "After we both beat Jovo Pudar, <mask> was scared to fight me because he knew I would have jabbed him all the way back to Africa. [...] I have movement, handspeed and I counter. I'm not going to get hit. I'm just going to dominate and make it as exciting as I can." The pre-fight conference call saw a clash of words between both fighters, with Sykes continuing to insult <mask>: "I know I am being underestimated, but it is all good.It has been like this my whole career. Everybody I have fought was supposed to beat me, but I came out on top. [...] I will outsmart him and outthink him. I am going to be a slick, crafty boxer. I know that he has never really fought anybody like that. Everybody he has fought is running from him, looking to get a check and leave. [...] Sam is getting all hyped.That is how I am going to take him out of the fight. I am going to bust him down and then I will just walk away with a smile." The bout lasted two rounds. The opening round saw Sykes attempting to stay away from <mask> by circling around, working behind the jab and mostly throwing one-two combinations, while <mask> was working his way inside, going back-and-forth between combinations to the head and body and trying to press Sykes against the ropes. The same pattern continued in the following round. In the middle of the second round, <mask> hurt Sykes with a right hook as Sykes attempted to initiate a clinch. <mask> immediately followed with a barrage of punches, not allowing Sykes to stay away and recover from the punch, ultimately knocking him down with one minute left.Sykes was not able to get up, prompting the referee to stop the fight and declare <mask> the winner. With a win over Sykes, <mask> became the holder of regional titles of three major sanctioning bodies – IBF, WBA and WBC. As of August 2005, <mask>, already ranked by the WBC, IBF and WBO, was ranked No.9 by the WBA. <mask> vs. Wladimir Klitschko I
On September 24, 2005 he faced Wladimir Klitschko in an elimination match in Atlantic City for the IBF title, in which <mask>'s WBC-NABF title was also on the line. Coming into the bout, Klitschko was viewed by many as the underdog against the 7-to-5 favorite <mask> who had won all of his 24 fights, with 21 of them having ended inside the distance. Coming into the fight, <mask> was considered one of the brightest prospects in the heavyweight division. Distinguished boxing coaches Angelo Dundee and Teddy Atlas expected <mask> to win.Wladimir's team, including his brother Vitali, were worried about Wladimir, and were against this fight to happen. Wladimir, however, insisted on fighting <mask>, claiming that beating a feared, hard-hitting fighter like <mask> would help him to regain his stock and become mandatory challenger for two heavyweight belts. The first four rounds were tentative, with <mask> not being to close the distance. At the end of the third, <mask> staggered Klitschko with a powerful left hook. He hurt Klitschko again in the fifth with another left hook, sending Klitschko to the canvas with the rabbit punch. The referee counted it as the knockdown. <mask> immediately went for the attack after Klitschko got up, dropping him again with the rabbit punch.The referee scored it as the second knockdown. <mask> was outboxed through sixth to ninth rounds, frequently trying to hit Klitschko with the rabbit punch whenever escaping from a clinch. Near the end of the tenth round <mask> staggered Wladimir with a hard right hand, eventually sending Klitschko to the canvas with another right when Wladimir was backing away. In the 11th and 12th rounds, Klitschko was trying to keep <mask> at the distance using straight punches. <mask> caught Klitschko with a left hook in the last round, but was unable to capitalize on it. Instead, Klitschko caught him with a hard counter left hook of his own, staggering <mask> for the first time in the fight. Eventually the bout went the distance, with <mask> losing the fight by unanimous decision (UD).All the judges scored the bout identically 114–111. <mask> vs. Hawkins, Long
Less than three months later after losing to Klitschko, on December 15, 2005, <mask> faced Robert Hawkins (21–4–0, 7 KOs) in a stay-busy fight where the WBA-NABA title was also on the line. The bout was a part of the heavyweight triple-header which also saw undefeated Sultan Ibragimov facing Lance Whitaker, with <mask>'s promoter Ivaylo Gotzev expecting the winners of the two bouts to face each other in the near future. "Robert Hawkins is a tough and credible fighter", Dino Duva said in the build-up to the fight, "This fight proves <mask> is a true warrior not afraid of anyone." The event billed as "Global Warfare" took place at Seminole Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Hollywood and was televised on In-Demand PPV for $19.95. The bout started with aggressive approach by <mask>. He knocked Hawkins down midway through the first round but was more cautious afterwards, patiently stalking Hawkins across the ring and fighting behind the jab.The bout was interrupted in the fourth round after Sultan Ibragimov's coach Panama Lewis collapsed due to a heart failure. The delay lasted 11 minutes. After the action resumed, the following round only lasted one minute. After the sixth round, <mask> was forced to fight with a split down the back of his trunks. <mask> stepped up his aggression after the seventh round. Hawkins fought most of the fight on the back foot and appeared to be unable to withstand <mask>'s pressure. Ultimately the bout went the distance, with <mask> being declared the winner.The judges scored the bout 99–90 (twice) and 98-91, all in favor of <mask>. At the conclusion of 2005, <mask> was ranked No.9 heavyweight in the world by The Ring. BoxRec ranked <mask> as the world's No.6 heavyweight. On

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Samuel Okon Peter
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 April 28, 2006, <mask> faced 7'11" journeyman Julius Long (14–7, 12 KOs) for the NABF heavyweight title, despite the fact that Long was unranked by the WBC, in a bout televised by ESPN. Long was 4–2 in his last six fights, coming off of a UD loss to Terry Smith (24–1–1, 16 KOs). <mask> was viewed as the heavy favorite against Long who, despite his size, was mostly an inside fighter and threw punches under unusual angles. <mask> made a quick work of Long, dropping him 80 seconds into the first round and then again clobbering him by a three-punch combination, which resulted in Long collapsing face first on the canvas, prompting the referee to stop the fight.<mask> vs. Toney I, II
His next bout was a fight with heavyweight contender James Toney on September 2, 2006 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles for the right to challenge WBC heavyweight champion Oleg Maskaev. <mask> would win by split decision; however, the WBC would find adequate cause to order a rematch. For this fight against Toney, Manny Masson was brought in to train <mask>. On January 6, 2007, <mask> defeated Toney in the rematch by unanimous decision (UD). The official judges' scorecards read 119–108, 118–110, 118–110. <mask> vs. McCline
After defeating Toney, he had earned the right to challenge the WBC heavyweight champion. A match against Oleg Maskaev was scheduled for October 6, 2007.However, Maskaev pulled out of the fight due to a back injury. This led the WBC to proclaim <mask> their interim heavyweight champion. Jameel McCline was scheduled to fight Vitali Klitschko on September 22 for a title elimination. However, the fight was canceled because Klitschko had suffered a back injury in training. Under these conditions, a fight was arranged between <mask> and McCline. <mask> stepped into the ring as the champion trying to defend his title. Much controversy preceded the match since McCline had been accused of using illegal substances in 2005 and 2006, but the organizers decided to let the fight happen despite this.Lab analysis would be available about 5 days after the fight. <mask> almost pulled out of the fight due to a hand injury he had sustained due to inadequate hand-wrapping during his training camp in the Poconos but the situation was resolved when Manny Masson took complete control of <mask>'s hand-wrapping. On October 6 at Madison Square Garden, <mask> was knocked down 3 times in the second and third round by McCline, who had a height advantage of almost 6 inches. Though he seemed badly hurt in the third round, <mask> managed to get up and eventually won the remaining rounds to win the match with a unanimous decision and retain his title as the WBC interim heavyweight title. As in the second Toney fight the key to <mask>'s victory was the use of his triple jab, footwork, head movement, and combination punching which is also attributable to his trainer Manny Masson. He kept Mccline off with the jab and then forced him backwards in the final minute of each round to score points. Mccline was perhaps tired from throwing so many power punches early on.Nevertheless, <mask> outworked him for the better part of nine rounds. WBC heavyweight champion
As interim champion, he was a mandatory challenger for the WBC belt held by Oleg Maskaev, who had been inactive since December 2006 due to injury. This long-anticipated fight took place on March 8, 2008, at the principal bullfighting venue in Cancún, Mexico. <mask> won by TKO, with the referee stopping the fight with only a few seconds remaining in the sixth round. <mask> used far less movement than he had in his previous two bouts against Maskaev, from the first round onwards both were trading heavy shots. In round three <mask> staggered Maskaev and was then rocked in return. Maskaev had not been able to really hurt <mask>.<mask> used his jab to pursue Maskaev in the sixth and eventually broke through with a big right hand. Maskaev staggered backwards and <mask> moved in for the finish. <mask> continued to pummel Maskaev on the ropes while Oleg tried to motion to the referee about rabbit punches. The referee stepped in with seconds remaining as Maskaev staggered backwards into the corner. <mask> was ahead on all three judges' scorecards at the time of the stoppage. <mask> vs. Vitali Klitschko
Following his victory over Maskaev, he publicly challenged IBF, WBO and IBO champion Wladimir Klitschko to a unification bout, which would have been Klitschko's second such fight, as well as his second matchup with <mask> (the first ending with a unanimous decision victory for Klitschko). Such a fight would have unified three of the four major titles, the closest the division had been to an undisputed champion since Lennox Lewis relinquished the WBA title (one of the three he then held) by court order on April 29, 2000.Klitschko indicated he might fight <mask>, but suggested that <mask> should fight his brother Vitali first. Vitali Klitschko had retired as WBC champion in November 2005, and was considered the WBC's champion emeritus, giving him the right to a mandatory challenge under the rules of that organization should he elect to fight again. At the time of his retirement, Vitali was the dominant force in his division. Both had a claim to being the rightful WBC belt holder. Yet there was added importance for the bout; if Vitali were to win it would mean that both brothers would achieve their dream of being heavyweight champions at the same time. On the other hand, if <mask> were to win and then challenge Wladimir in a rematch, it would bring the heavyweight division close to the first undisputed title holder in years. <mask> accepted the WBC's ruling and the bout was scheduled for October 11 at O2 World Berlin.Klitschko had a memorable ring entrance with five former heavyweight champions appearing to wish him luck in his comeback. Klitschko would reclaim his belt in dominating fashion. Although he was coming back from a four-year layoff, Klitschko was sharp from the opening bell. <mask> had been expected to set the pace and pursue Vitali, instead he spent time outside trying to box his way in. Klitschko took the center of the ring and found <mask> an easy target. <mask> landed two hard right hands in the second round, but they had almost no effect on Vitali at all. After four rounds <mask>'s face was swelling and his corner was growing in frustration.His corner implored him to let his hands go and push Vitali back. <mask> tried to rally in the sixth round, but only made himself an even more open target for Klitschko's counter punches. The seventh round was extremely punishing for the defending champion as he ate several left hooks, right crosses and jabs. <mask> seemed unresponsive to his corner's advice after a few rounds. As his corner tried to give him instructions the scores of the fight were read out by the ring announcer. Two judges had Klitschko ahead by 80–72, and one by 79–73. <mask> informed he did not wish to continue, prompting the referee to stop the fight and declare Klitschko the winner.After Klitschko: defeat to Chambers and return to form
Looking to bounce back to the heavyweight title picture, <mask> faced Eddie Chambers on March 27, 2009. The fight took place at Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, and was aired on ESPN2. Chambers injured his right thumb early in the third round, but was able to outbox <mask> for the majority of the fight, frustrating his opponent with speed and quickness and being able to block most of <mask>'s shots using his gloves and armes. As a result, Chambers was declared the winner by majority decision, with the judges scoring the bout 99–91, 96–94 and 95–95. Some observers criticized the 95–95 score, believing <mask> had not done enough to win more than three rounds. He fought Marcus McGee on July 25, 2009 in Mexico, knocking him unconscious in the third round with a right hand. He weighed in at a 243 lbs for this fight.His next fight was on September 15, 2009 against the little known Ronald Bellamy. <mask> won by second-round knockout. He then fought journeyman Gabe Brown and won by fourth round stoppage. Following his three successful victories over journeymen, <mask> took a step up in competition against Nagy Aguilera in an IBF eliminator (Aguilera had earned the position with a stunning first-round knockout of former champion Oleg Maskaev). <mask> came in at 237 pounds, the lightest since his seventh pro fight. He dominated an entertaining first round before sending Aguilera down in the second with a right hand counter, Nagy beat the count but was stopped soon after as he was hanging against the ropes, taking heavy shots. <mask> then targeted either a rematch with Wladimir Klitschko or a final IBF eliminator with unbeaten Alexander Povetkin.Sensing that Povetkin was not willing to fight Klitschko, <mask> made himself available as a replacement opponent. Both <mask> and Povetkin were ranked as #1 IBF contenders. <mask> vs. Wladimir Klitschko II and release from Top Rank
On September 11, 2010, <mask> fought Wladimir Klitschko again at the Commerzbank Arena in Frankfurt, Germany, for the IBF, WBO, and IBO heavyweight titles. <mask> weighed in at 241 pounds, two pounds lighter than the first fight. Klitschko came in at a career heavy of 247 pounds. Both fighters had promised knockouts in the pre fight build up. <mask> started the fight very aggressively in a bob and weave style he had never before fought in.He caught Klitschko with a good left hook in the opening round, though Klitschko remained unshaken. Klitschko ended the round well. In the second round Klitschko caught <mask> with three hard right hands, one of which seemed to stun him. Both fighters struggled to land punches in the third round, there was a lot of clinching in what was a physical encounter. Unlike their first fight referee Robert Byrd did not let <mask> punch on the break or hit to the back of the head. After four rounds the fight became one sided, with <mask>'s right eye closing. <mask> could not find the target and started lunging with wild shots, his legs had slowed dramatically and he was taking heavy shots.He did get through with a big right hand in round six though. Klitschko, instead of going backwards as he did in their first fight, would meet <mask> in the middle of the ring and dominate him physically in the clinches. <mask> was taking heavy punishment and after eight rounds was totally exhausted. After the ninth round <mask>'s cornerman Abel Sanchez threatened to stop the fight, and said he would give him one more round. Emanuel Steward implored Klitschko to throw combinations. <mask> swung wildly in the tenth and Klitschko opened up with a punishing combination which floored him. Referee Robert Byrd did not start a count and waved the fight off, awarding Klitschko the win by knockout.It was Klitschko's ninth successful title defense. The nature of the defeat to Klitschko in the rematch possibly spelled the end of <mask>'s career as a top level fighter. Top Rank released him from his contract soon after. In spite of this <mask>'s manager said they would look to secure other big fights in the division against anyone other than the Klitschko brothers. <mask> vs. Helenius
After his release from Top Rank, <mask> and his management sent an offer to Tomasz Adamek for an IBF elimination match. The fight fell through when <mask> refused Adamek's challenger money of $150,000. <mask> then went into negotiations for a fight with Tye Fields which also failed to materialise.Then, in March 2011, it was revealed that <mask> would travel to Germany to face undefeated Finnish prospect Robert Helenius. <mask> was rumoured to be in training with Jeff Mayweather, however, Mayweather was not present for <mask>'s fight against Helenius. <mask> weighed in for the contest at , 18.5 lbs heavier than in the Klitschko fight. <mask> was without a reputed trainer or even a cutman for the fight. <mask> had reasonable success in the first half of the bout, winning several of the first six rounds; however, after that point <mask> began to tire. The end came when Helenius knocked down an exhausted <mask> in round nine, <mask> got to his feet only to be sent back to the canvas where he remained for well over the 10 second count, awarding Helenius the win by KO. The nature of the loss to Helenius, as well as <mask>'s terrible physical condition led many to call for <mask>'s retirement from boxing.2014 return
<mask> made an unexpected return to the ring on September 27, 2014 to face journeyman Ron Aubrey. <mask> came into the ring at an all-time career heavy of , and was struggling to walk before the bout began. <mask> ended the fight when a vicious right hook knocked Aubrey unconscious in the first round. Fight cancellations
During his four-year period of near total inactivity, <mask> had been signed to fight several opponents with all the bouts being cancelled. He was scheduled to compete in the Super 8 boxing tournament, but pulled out due to injury. He was then scheduled to face former title challenger Alex Leapai but once again he pulled out as the fight neared. He then signed to fight Alexander Ustinov but again cancelled the fight with only days to go.<mask> was close to agreeing to fight Luis Ortiz before eventually being replaced. Career from 2016–present
At the age of 36, after a two-year layoff, <mask> returned to the ring on October 23 fighting in Mexico, defeating unknown boxer Juan Carlos Salas (6–9) in three rounds. <mask> weighed 262-pounds. It was still unclear if <mask> would be returning to boxing full-time. On November 1, there were early talks that <mask> would be fighting former world title challenger Kubrat Pulev in December in Sofia, Bulgaria. Pulev, ranked at number 2 with the IBF, recently defeated Derek Chisora via decision in May. A fight was confirmed five days later by Team Sauerland, officially announcing the fight between <mask> and Pulev on December 3 in Bulgaria.This would be a stay busy fight for Pulev before his anticipated European title defense against Polish boxer Mariusz Wach. Pulev vacated his European title on November 22. In front of 15,000 at the Arena Armeec, Pulev defeated <mask> via fourth round corner retirement (RTD) to win the vacant WBA Inter-Continental heavyweight title. <mask> was aggressive throughout but struggled with Pulev's jab. The fight was stopped after round three when <mask> dislocated his right shoulder while throwing a big punch. He went back to the corner leaning towards the right side and the injury forced him to retire. <mask> returned to Mexico once again on February 22, 2019 having not fought in two years.He appeared at the Cheers Bar & Grill in Tijuana knocking out Gerardo Escobar in just 44 seconds of the fight starting. On March 26 <mask> signed a promotional contract with Salita Promotions and was announced to fight Mexican journeyman Mario Heredia (15–6–1, 13 KOs) on April 13 at the Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City on the undercard of Claressa Shields vs. Christina Hammer. Prior to the fight, Heredia was 2–5–1 in his previous eight bouts. <mask> lost an eight-round split decision to Heredia, which took place at the Adrian Phillips Theater. <mask> scored a knockdown in round-three yet was unable to finish Heredia, who fought on and prevailed by scores of 77–74 and 76–75, with the third judge giving <mask> the nod via a 79–72 margin. Outside the ring
<mask> is a devout Christian who neither drinks nor smokes. He lives in Las Vegas, Nevada.He is managed by Ivailo Gotsev, and is a stablemate to former WBO heavyweight champion Sergei Liakhovich. <mask> was formerly promoted by both Duva Boxing and Don King. Originally trained by Andy "Pops" Anderson, he has since gone on to work with former champion Cornelius Boza-Edwards. He also worked with technical specialist and strategist Manny Masson who assisted in the training for his two decisive victories against James Toney and Jameel McCline. <mask> is currently trained by Ibn Cason. Following his split with Duva boxing, he had a court case against Don King over a dispute in the purse bid for his title loss to Vitali Klitschko. He challenged American Champion Chris Arreola to a bout in 2009.Claiming that Arreola had stolen his "nightmare" nickname. <mask> said that if the fight went through then the loser would have to change his moniker. <mask> is the nephew of Nigerian professional wrestler Great Power Uti. Professional boxing record

Television viewership

International

Germany

Nigeria

References

External links

Nigerian expatriates in the United States
World Boxing Council champions
Olympic boxers of Nigeria
Boxers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
1980 births
Living people
Nigerian male boxers
World heavyweight boxing champions
American male

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<mask> (born 6 March 1985) is a French professional ice hockey center for the Tampa Bay Lightning of the National Hockey League (NHL). He has also played for the Philadelphia Flyers, Vegas Golden Knights and Colorado Avalanche. Playing career

Europe
<mask> made France's top professional league, the Ligue Magnus in 2002 as a 17-year-old, playing with Dragons de Rouen. Showing early offensive promise, <mask> was among Rouen's top scorers in each of his three full seasons with the club. <mask> played in the Magnus until he was 20, before accepting an offer to play for Leksands IF, in Sweden's second tier league, HockeyAllsvenskan, in order to continue his development in stronger competition. <mask> established himself in the Allsvenskan, learning to play a responsible two-way game while improving his points totals in each of his three seasons with Leksands. In the 2008–09 season, <mask> led the league with 31 goals however was unable to help Leksands gain promotion to the top tiered SHL (SEL).On 21 April 2009, <mask> left the Allsvenskan, agreeing to a contract with Skellefteå AIK of the SEL for the 2009–10 season. Establishing a role as a two-way center with Skellefteå, <mask> produced 9 goals and 14 points in 49 games in his rookie season. As Skellefteå AIK's third-line center in the 2010–11 season, <mask> agreed to a two-year contract extension on 22 December 2010. From 2011 to 2014, <mask> served as an alternate captain with Skellefteå, where he won the Swedish Championship back-to-back in 2013 and 2014. Philadelphia Flyers
Having recorded 125 points in 238 career regular season games, <mask> left the SHL after 5 seasons. Opting to pursue a career in the NHL, <mask> signed his first North American contract as a 29-year old free agent with the Philadelphia Flyers, agreeing to a one-year, two-way contract on 11 June 2014. After attending the Flyers' 2014 training camp, <mask> made the opening night roster to begin the 2014–15 season.He made his NHL debut in a fourth-line center role, against the Boston Bruins on 8 October 2014. He scored his first NHL goal on 22 October, in a victory against the Pittsburgh Penguins. Later in his rookie season (although not technically a rookie due to his age), <mask>'s experience and dependable defensive play was rewarded when he signed a two-year contract extension with the club on 2 March 2015. He appeared in 81 regular season games with the Flyers, missing just one game, posting 6 goals and 12 points. Reprising his fourth-line center role in his second season with the Flyers in 2015–16, <mask> established a new career-best with 7 goals and 14 points in 74 games. He made his playoff debut with the Flyers in the opening game of the first-round against the Washington Capitals on 14 April 2016. <mask> was suspended for one game on 19 April 2016, for an illegal check to Dmitry Orlov during game 3.He returned in Game 5, recording his first playoff point, an assist, as the Flyers shutout the Capitals 2-0 on 22 April 2016. He ended with 1 point through 5 games as the Flyers were defeated 4 games to 2 by the Capitals. In the 2016–17 season, <mask> appeared in every regular season game for the Flyers. He was named an alternate captain on 2 March 2017, a day after signing an additional two-year contract extension with the Flyers. He finished his third NHL season posting 4 goals and 8 points, unable to help the Flyers return to the playoffs. Vegas Golden Knights
On 21 June 2017, having been unprotected by the Flyers at the 2017 NHL Expansion Draft, <mask> was selected by the Vegas Golden Knights. He made his Golden Knights debut in the club's first regular season game, in a 2-1 victory over the Dallas Stars on 7 October 2017.In the 2017–18 season, he registered his first point with the Golden Knights during their home opener, registering an assist in a 5–2 victory over the Arizona Coyotes at T-Mobile Arena on 10 October 2017. Continuing his role as the club's primary fourth-line center he was later placed on injured reserve on 19 February 2018 after being injured in a game against the Montreal Canadiens. He returned on 6 March for a game against the Columbus Blue Jackets. He led all Knights forwards with 63 blocked shots and finished with a career-high 10 assists and 16 points in 72 contests. He helped Vegas reach the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals in their inaugural season, posting 3 assists in 20 playoff contests before losing to the Washington Capitals in 5 games. In the following 2018–19 season, <mask> was named as an alternate captain with the Golden Knights, and tallied 6 goals and 15 points in 76 games. He led the Golden Knights forwards in shorthanded time-on-ice and appeared 6 post-season games, missing the deciding Game 7 defeat to the San Jose Sharks due to injury.He was initially injured in Game 1 after he was the recipient of a cross-check to the face by Sharks forward Evander Kane. Kane was given a major penalty for cross-checking and a game misconduct, and was suspended one game. Colorado Avalanche
Bellemare left the Golden Knights after their two first seasons, signing as a free agent a two-year, $3.6 million deal with the Colorado Avalanche on 1 July 2019. Acquired to assume the role as the Avalanche's fourth-line center, <mask> made his debut with the Avalanche in the opening game of the  season against the Calgary Flames on 3 October 2019. <mask> contributed early offensively, notching a career best 3 points against former club the Golden Knights in his first return to T-Mobile Arena in a 6-1 victory on 25 October, while also recorded a career high 7 points through the month of October. Even with the season ending early because of COVID-19, <mask> set an NHL career high in goals with 9 and points with 22 during the 2019–20 season. He scored his first playoff goal in the Avs 6–4 win over the Dallas Stars in Game 3 of the Conference Semi-finals.Unable to help propel the Avalanche past the Stars in Game 7, <mask> finished with 2 goals and 3 points through 15 post-season games. Returning for the second year of his contract with the Avalanche in the pandemic delayed  season, <mask> resumed his role on the fourth-line and was relied upon for his faceoff prowess in winning 60% of his draws. He appeared in his 500th NHL game on 1 May 2021, against the San Jose Sharks, becoming just the second French trained player behind Antoine Roussel to achieve the feat. Matching his previous season high of 9 goals, <mask> featured in 53 of the 56 regular season games for the Presidents' Trophy winning Avalanche. He registered 3 assists through 10 playoff contests with the Avalanche, unable to help the team advance past the second-round in a series defeat to the Vegas Golden Knights. Tampa Bay Lightning
Having concluded his contract with the Avalanche, <mask> as a free agent extended his career by agreeing to sign a two-year, $2 million contract with two-time defending champions, the Tampa Bay Lightning, on 28 July 2021.

International play

<mask> participated at the 2010 IIHF World Championship as a member of the French national team. He was also named to the French roster for competition at the 2014 IIHF World Championship.In the nation's opening group game on 9 May 2014, <mask> scored the game-winning shootout goal to give France a 3–2 victory over Canada, France's second-ever victory over the Canadians in 83 years. In the 2016 World Cup of Hockey, <mask> played for Team Europe, being the only player to represent France in the tournament. Team Europe finished runner-up, having lost to Canada 3-1 and 2-1 in the championship match. In the 2017 IIHF World Championship, <mask> was set to receive the Player of the Game award, scoring a goal and an assist in France's 5–1 win over Finland. In an act of selflessness and respect, he waived acceptance of the award, urging it deserved to go to the French Team goalie, Florian Hardy, who had 42 saves. Personal life
<mask> was born in a suburb of Paris, the third of five children. His father was born in Martinique, an island in the Caribbean.He learned to skate and play hockey at age 6 when his 13-year-old sister, Aurore-Annick, wanted to play hockey and he and his brother tagged along. Another sister, Rose-Eliandre <mask>, is an artistic gymnast who participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. <mask> was in first year chiropractor school when he accepted an offer to play in Sweden at age 20. He is fluent in Swedish, French and English. <mask> and his wife Hannah had their first child, Leandre, in January 2018. They reside in Sweden in the off-season. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Black ice hockey players
Colorado Avalanche players
Dragons de Rouen players
French ice hockey left wingers
French people of Martiniquais descent
Leksands IF players
People from Le Blanc-Mesnil
Philadelphia Flyers players
Skellefteå AIK players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Vegas Golden Knights players
Sportspeople from Seine-Saint-Denis

masks:
Pierre Édouard Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
Bellemare
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texts:
<mask> (born April 20, 1935) is an American pianist, composer, and educator. He is known for his unique style that combines blues, gospel, classical, and film noir influences into an innovative and dark jazz sound. His career spans over 40 recording credits on jazz albums along with more than 40 years of teaching jazz at the New England Conservatory of Music, where he started the Department of Third Stream (now called the Department of Contemporary Improvisation) with Gunther Schuller. Early life
<mask> was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on April 20, 1935. He grew up in Suffield, Connecticut, and became fascinated by film noir after seeing Robert Siodmak's Spiral Staircase as a twelve-year-old. He began playing piano as a young child, and as a teenager studied with Ray Cassarino. In his teenage years, he became fascinated with gospel music and studied the compositions of Béla Bartók and Claude Debussy.After high school, he attended Bard College in New York, graduating in 1960 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Jazz, a major that had not previously existed at the school. At Bard he met Jeanne Lee, with whom he performed for many years. He also studied with John Lewis, Oscar Peterson, and Gunther Schuller at the School of Jazz in Lenox, Massachusetts. Performing and studying
Beginning in the late 1950s, <mask> was part of a duo with vocalist Jeanne Lee. Together they recorded his first album The Newest Sound Around, which was released on RCA in 1962, and the next year they toured Europe together. The album shows <mask>'s signature style beginning to develop, as they paid homage to <mask>'s early influences with a tribute to David Raksin's "Laura" and a reworking of the gospel standard, "The Church on Russell Street". Lee and <mask> continued to play together throughout their careers and released another album in 1989 entitled You Stepped out of a Cloud.<mask> met Gunther Schuller in a chance encounter at Atlantic Records in 1959. Recognizing <mask>'s talent, Schuller asked him to study at the School of Jazz in Lenox, Massachusetts. This was a summer program that existed from 1957 to 1960. It was unique in that it brought together many of the world's foremost jazz musicians of the time, including Dizzy Gillespie and William Russo, to teach students about jazz for an intensive three weeks. <mask> attended the School in 1959 and 1960. During his summers in Lenox, <mask> began to develop his signature style. Schuller became a great friend and mentor to <mask> throughout his career.Schuller organized the recording of The Newest Sound Around for <mask> and Lee, and it was he who brought <mask> to Atlantic Records, and later to the New England Conservatory. <mask> met jazz pianist, composer, and arranger Mary Lou Williams during a performance at The Composer, a New York nightclub. She later became a mentor and a significant influence on his work. During his time as a student at Bard, <mask> often travelled to see Williams perform and to take lessons from her. Later, Williams and <mask> worked together while she was a visiting faculty member at the School of Jazz. In 1966, <mask> released his first record as a soloist, <mask> <mask> Plays Solo Piano, on New York-based label ESP Disk. Educator
In 1967, Schuller, president of the New England Conservatory, recruited <mask> to fill a faculty position as the Conservatory's Community Services Director.In this position, <mask> was responsible for putting on concerts in prisons, retirement homes, and community centers. <mask> remained in this role until 1973, when he took on the chairmanship of the new Third Stream Department (now Contemporary Improvisation) at the New England Conservatory, an initiative he started with Schuller. Schuller coined the phrase "Third Stream" in 1957 during a talk at Brandeis University. According to Schuller, Third Stream is "a new genre of music located about halfway between jazz and classical music". This new genre was created, in Schuller's opinion, to combat purists in both the jazz world and the classical world: to play Third Stream music one had to be proficient in both. When Schuller met <mask>, two years after creating Third Stream, <mask>'s blend of influences, from free jazz and gospel music to classical composition and film noir soundtracks, appealed to him. When the two of them created the department at the NEC, it was natural that <mask> would be the chairman.He remained in that position until 2005. He is a faculty member at the New England Conservatory. Musicians Don Byron, Matthew Shipp, John Medeski, Grayson Hugh, and Yitzhak Yedid have studied with <mask> at NEC. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for composition in 1982 and a MacArthur Genius Grant six years later. Recording career
<mask> has continued recording throughout his career as an educator and has amassed over forty recording credits on jazz albums. His first album with Jeanne Lee won the RCA Album First Prize in Germany, the 1980 Prix Billie Holiday, and is part of the Académie du Jazz. After that album, he recorded primarily as a solo pianist, though many of his collaborative albums have received critical acclaim.In 1981, <mask> recorded an album of songs by, or associated with, Duke Ellington, entitled Duke Dreams, which was awarded 4.5 stars by AllMusic, and a five-star rating in Down Beat and the All Music Guide to Jazz. In 1986, he recorded Short Life of Barbara Monk with saxophonist Ricky Ford, which was selected by the Penguin Guide to Jazz to be part of their Core Collection. He has collaborated with a number of other musicians, including Jaki Byard, Houston Person, Steve Lacy, Clifford Jordan and Christine Correa. Educational philosophy
<mask>'s philosophy in teaching differs from that of many music educators, even in the jazz world. He calls his approach "the primacy of the ear". In 1977, he wrote an article for the Music Educator's Journal on having a career as a "Pop/Rock/Jazz instrumentalist". <mask> also wrote Third Stream and the Importance of the Ear (1981), which served as a guide to his educational style, as well as an explanation and expansion upon the concept of Third Stream.In the article, he stressed that "the ear is and should be of primary importance." He discussed the more practical aspects of a career in music and stressed the importance of luck and showmanship over education and background. <mask>'s focus on improvisation and ear training, coupled with his diverse influences, have made him one of the more innovative music educators of the jazz world. He invites the reader to view Third Stream composition as any composition that bridges two distinct musical cultures, not just classical-jazz fusion. He also stresses the importance of improvisation, and cites the need for improvisational education as one of the reasons he and Schuller started the Third Stream Department at the NEC. <mask> argues that music is an aural art, and it must therefore be taught not by being "preoccupied with playing Chopin preludes on the piano or the latest copy of The Real Book (a popular jazz fake book) on the horn or guitar," but by dedicated listening, imitating, and improvising. He calls for students to listen and sing along to melodies on tape until they can reproduce the melody without the tape.It is essential, according to <mask>, that a student do this before touching an instrument, as imitating the mechanics of a performance alone does not develop one's ear. In 2010, <mask> <mask> published a book with Jason Rogers entitled The Primacy of the Ear. In the 144-page work, <mask> details his thinking about the artistic process and distills his approach both to teaching and playing. It explores the relationship between the ear and the mind, musical memory, ear training exercises, and an approach to developing one's personal style. Discography
An asterisk (*) after the year indicates that it is the year of release. As leader/co-leader

References

External links
 – official site

<mask> <mask> at NPR Music

Third stream pianists
Post-bop pianists
American jazz pianists
American male pianists
Musicians from Springfield, Massachusetts
Bard College alumni
MacArthur Fellows
1935 births
Living people
New England Conservatory faculty
Novus Records artists
Milestone Records artists
Avant-garde jazz pianists
ESP-Disk artists
20th-century American pianists
Jazz musicians from Massachusetts
American male jazz musicians
Ilk Records artists
Improvising Artists Records artists
Music & Arts artists
Sunnyside Records artists
Black Saint/Soul Note artists
Impulse! Records artists
20th-century American male musicians
NoBusiness Records artists

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Ran Blake
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Ran
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Blake
Blake
Blake
Blake
Ran
Blake
Blake
Ran
Blake


texts:
<mask>. (born October 18, 1989) is an American middle-distance runner who is the 2016 Olympic champion in the 1500 meters. He became a prominent figure in U.S. running when he won a bronze medal at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics. A seasoned competitor with a potent finishing kick, he competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the 1500 meters—where he finished 4th by only 0.04 seconds. At the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, <mask> improved on his bronze medal performance with a silver in the same event. At the 2016 World Indoor Championships, he won his first major international championship in the 1500 meters. He then won the gold medal in the 1500 meters at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro with the slowest winning time since 1932, becoming the first U.S. runner to win the event since 1908. Early life and background
<mask> was born in Beltsville, Maryland, the son of Beverly (Bannister) and two-time Olympian <mask>, who was the head track coach at American University in Washington, D.C. <mask>.'s father is of Jewish ancestry (father's side) and of Irish ancestry (mother's side), and <mask>.'s mother is from Guyana.Running career

High school
He grew up in Arnold, Maryland, and was a track star at Broadneck High School in Annapolis. His negative split 8:41.55 win in the 2-mile race at the Nike Outdoor Nationals is considered one of the best races in prep history and was also the best high school time of 2007. His time of 4:08.38 for the mile at the Penn Relays in April 2007 established a meet record. That same year, he also went on to set the Maryland state record over 1600 meters in 4:04.09  and won a gold medal at the Pan American Junior Championships held in São Paulo, Brazil in the 1500m run. College
Like his father, <mask> ran for the Oregon Ducks. In 2009, <mask>'s split of 3.59.53 helped break the NCAA 4 x mile record on May 10 with fellow Oregon teammates, Andrew Wheating (3:59.60), Shadrack Kiptoo-Biwott (4:05.21), and Galen Rupp (3:58.93), shaving a little more than a second off of the old record with a 16:03.24. In 2011 <mask> won the 1500 meters in the Pac-10 and the NCAA Men's Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships.He'd previously won the 1500 in the Pac-10 three times. On November 29, 2011, he announced his decision to turn professional, forgoing his further participation on the University of Oregon team. Professional
His decision to turn professional resulted in his becoming a Nike-sponsored athlete, and he joined the Nike Oregon Project, where he was coached by Alberto Salazar. <mask> outkicked Bernard Lagat and Leo Manzano at the 2011 USATF Outdoor Championships in the 1500m. His 2011 season is sometimes described as "The Perfect Season", where he won the NCAA Championship and went on to win the national championship in the 1500m. He went on to get a bronze medal in the 2011 IAAF World Championships in Athletics in the 1500m behind Asbel Kiprop and Silas Kiplagat, both of Kenya. When 2012 came around, he qualified for the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Istanbul, Turkey by getting second in the national indoor 1500m championship, behind Leo Manzano and in front of his teammate, Galen Rupp.He would go on to finish 7th in the World Championship Indoor 1500m final, with a time of 3:47.42. On July 1, 2012, <mask> qualified for the United States Olympic team in the 1500 m. He finished in fourth place in the 2012 London Olympic Games in the 1,500 meter race, missing the bronze medal by .04 seconds with a time of 3:35.17 minutes. He won the Fifth Avenue Mile ahead of Bernard Lagat that September. During the 2013 indoor season, his first race was at the Seattle UW Indoor Preview, where he won the 800m. He was second at the Millrose Games Wanamaker Mile. He was first at the New Balance Indoor Grand Prix mile. At the USATF Indoor Championships, he was fourth in the 800m and 8th in the mile.To kick off his outdoor season, he took part in the Penn Relays USA vs. The World, where his team got fourth in the DMR with a time of 9:19.33. He was sixth at the Oxy High Performance meet in the 1500m. He was tenth in the Prefontaine Classic Bowerman Mile, setting a personal best of 3:51.79. He won the USATF Outdoor 1500m championship for the second time this year, which qualified him for the IAAF World Championships in Moscow, Russia. On August 16, 2013, at the 14th IAAF World Championships in Moscow, Russia, <mask> ran 3:35.95 to place second and automatically qualify for the Finals in the Men's 1500m run, where he won the silver medal with his 3:36.78 performance. <mask> spent the 2014 outdoor season lowering his PRs.At the Diamond League meet in Monaco, he achieved a nearly one second personal best in the 1500 meters best by clocking 3:31.09, which ranked seventh in United States history at the time. On July 12, 2014, <mask> made his seasonal debut in the 800 meters in Glasgow. He finished in 4th place, running a 1:46.12. On February 20, 2016, <mask> won the Millrose Games men's indoor mile in 3:50.63, edging out Nick Willis. On March 20, 2016, <mask> won the 1500 meter at the World Indoor Championships wrapping up an unbeaten indoor season. On August 20, 2016, <mask> competed at the 2016 Olympic Games, where he won the 1500 meters race in 3:50.00, becoming the first American to win the event since Mel Sheppard in 1908. The race was tactical and the pace slow at the start, which is very common at championship level 1500 meter events.However, this race was even slower than normal; the first four finalists in the T13 1500m men's final at the 2016 Summer Paralympics all finished faster than <mask>. In January 2019, <mask> moved to the Bowerman Track Club under the coaching of Jerry Schumacher. In 2021, after qualifying for the Olympics, <mask> ran in a specially set up mile run as a tune up for the Olympics. While his pacers dropped off the pace earlier than expected, he still finished in a new personal best of 3:49.26. <mask> went on to compete in the delayed 2020 Tokyo Olympic games in the 1500. In the heats of the 1500, he coasted through the slowest heat with a time of 3:41.12, which was good enough for second place. In the semifinals he placed 9th, failing to qualify for the finals and defend his 1500m Olympic title.Personal life
<mask> is Catholic. His sister <mask> is also an elite runner, qualifying for the Olympic Trials in 2012. As of June 2020, he was dating Shelby Houlihan, another 1500m runner. Competition record

References

External links

 University of Oregon bio: <mask> Jr.

1989 births
Living people
Track and field athletes from Maryland
People from Arnold, Maryland
People from Beltsville, Maryland
American male middle-distance runners
Olympic male middle-distance runners
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in track and field
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for the United States
World Athletics Championships medalists
Oregon Ducks men's track and field athletes
American sportspeople of Guyanese descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Jewish descent
University of Oregon alumni
USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
African-American Catholics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2020 Summer Olympics

masks:
Matthew Centrowitz Jr
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Matt Centrowitz
Centrowitz Jr
Centrowitz Jr
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Centrowitz
Lauren Centrowitz
Matthew Centrowitz


texts:
<mask>, 2nd Duke of Somerset,  (158824 October 1660) was an English nobleman and Royalist commander in the English Civil War. Origins
Seymour was the son of Edward Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (who predeceased his own father) by his wife Honora Rogers. He was the grandson of Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford, by his wife Lady Katherine Grey, a sister of Lady Jane Grey, "The Nine Days Queen", which thus gave him a distant claim to the throne through Katherine's descent from Mary Tudor, younger sister of King Henry VIII. He was the great-grandson of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset (c. 1500–1552), the uncle of King Edward VI and Lord Protector of England. Life
Seymour made a secret marriage at Greenwich on 22 June 1610 to Arbella Stuart (died 1615), daughter of Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox and Elizabeth Cavendish. Arbella was thirteen years his senior, and King James I disapproved of the marriage as the union of two potential Tudor pretenders to the throne, who were respectively fourth and sixth in line, could only be seen as a threat to the ruling dynasty. As a result, <mask> was condemned to life imprisonment in the Tower of London and thus became the fourth of five generations of Seymours to spend time in that prison.In June 1611 Seymour escaped from the Tower, planning to meet up with Arbella, who also had escaped captivity. They were to flee to the Continent, but bad weather and other circumstances prevented their meeting, and Arbella was recaptured and placed back in the Tower. <mask> managed to reach safety abroad at Ostend, but was never reunited with Arbella who remained in the Tower until her death in 1615. Political career
Seymour was knighted as a Knight of the Bath in November 1616. In December 1620 Seymour was elected Member of Parliament for Marlborough in Wiltshire, but vacated the seat soon afterwards on his elevation to the House of Lords, having succeeded his grandfather as Earl of Hertford in 1621. In the House of Lords he became a prominent opponent to King Charles I, where he supported the Petition of Right of 1628, and co-signed the letter of the twelve Peers of 1640, along with his brother-in-law Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex. During the Long Parliament, Seymour eventually parted company with the more radical opponents of the King, and in 1641 was created by him Marquess of Hertford.In the Civil War, Hertford was a moderate royalist, along with such figures as Sir Edward Hyde, and throughout sought a compromise settlement, by continuing unofficial negotiations throughout the war with his brother-in-law Essex, the Parliamentary commander. He was nevertheless a trusted supporter of the King, who made him guardian of his son the future King Charles II, and he undertook several important military commands in royalist service over the course of the war, including commanding troops from South Wales and a successful campaign in Somerset in summer 1643. Along with his brother Lord Seymour, Hertford was sent as a commissioner for the king at the failed Treaty of Uxbridge negotiations (1645). After the end of the First Civil War and the King's imprisonment, Hertford was the most prominent nobleman to remain alongside the king throughout his captivity, and was with him until his execution in 1649. He was one of four lords (the others being the Duke of Richmond, and the earls of Lindsey and Southampton) who petitioned the Commons to be allowed to assume responsibility for the King's actions and to suffer death in his place. During the Inter-regnum, Hertford kept himself away from both politics and royalist conspiracies, in the belief that the monarchy would eventually be restored and that conspiracies would only delay that event. When the Restoration of the Monarchy came in 1660, Hertford was restored to all his former positions, and his services in the Royalist cause were further recognised by King Charles II, who in 1660 restored Hertford to his great-grandfather's Dukedom of Somerset, which had been forfeited in 1552.He thus became the 2nd Duke of Somerset. Marriages & children
<mask> married twice:

Firstly and secretly (see above), on 22 June 1610, to his third cousin once-removed Lady Arbella Stuart (died 1615), who was then fourth in line to the succession of their cousin, King James I. There were no children from the marriage. Secondly, on 3 March 1617 at Drayton Bassett, he married Lady Frances Devereux (1599–1674), daughter of Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, by his wife Frances Walsingham, daughter of Francis Walsingham. By Frances he had at least eight children:

Issue
Lady Frances Seymour (1618–1685), who married three times: Firstly to Richard Molyneux, 2nd Viscount Molyneux Secondly (as his third wife) to Thomas Wriothesley, 4th Earl of Southampton, and thirdly (as his third wife) to Conyers Darcy, 2nd Earl of Holderness, by whom she had no children. <mask> (162116 June 1642), who predeceased his father. Robert Seymour (1622–1646), who predeceased his father.Lady Judith Seymour (1623–1645), who married Peter Ransone, by whom she had issue. Henry Seymour, Lord Beauchamp (162630 March 1654), who married <mask>, Duchess of Beaufort (1630–1715) and had children, including <mask>, 3rd Duke of Somerset (1654–1671), heir to his grandfather the 2nd Duke. Lady Mary Seymour (163710 April 1673), who married Heneage Finch, 3rd Earl of Winchilsea and had issue. Lady Jane Seymour (163723 November 1679), who married Charles Boyle, 3rd Viscount Dungarvan and had issue. Her modern descendants included Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon. John Seymour, 4th Duke of Somerset (164629 April 1675), heir to his nephew in the dukedom in 1671, who married Sarah Alston in 1656 but left no children. Death, burial & succession
Hertford died at Essex House in London and was buried on 1 November 1660 at Great Bedwyn in Wiltshire.He was succeeded by his grandson <mask>, 3rd Duke of Somerset. References

Further reading
 "Seymour, <mask>, 1st marquess of Hertford, 2nd duke of Somerset," Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. |-

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1588 births
1660 deaths
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
502
Knights of the Garter
Knights of the Bath
Lord-Lieutenants of Somerset
Lord-Lieutenants of Wiltshire
Cavaliers
<mask>, 02nd Duke of Somerset
Prisoners in the Tower of London
English MPs 1621–1622
Grooms of the Stool
Marquesses of Hertford (1641)
Court of Charles II of England
Military personnel of the English Civil War

masks:
William Seymour
William
William
William Seymour
William Seymour
Mary Somerset
William Seymour
William Seymour
William
William Seymour


texts:
<mask> (born 25 July 1994) is a Belgian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Serie B club Vicenza, on loan from Lazio. His older brother, Romelu, is also a footballer. Starting his professional career at R.S.C. Anderlecht, he made nine appearances for the first team, before joining Oostende in 2013, where he became a regular player. He was signed by Lazio in 2016. <mask> made his senior international debut for Belgium in 2015 and was part of their squad at UEFA Euro 2016. Club career

Anderlecht

Despite interests from Premier League side Arsenal, <mask> signed his first professional contract with the club, keeping him until 2013.Having previously trained with the first team in the 2010–11 season, along with his brother (who then left the club for Chelsea at the time), <mask> was first included in a senior matchday squad on 1 December 2011, remaining an unused substitute in Anderlecht's 2–1 win at AEK Athens in the group stage of the season's UEFA Europa League. His debut came the following on 21 March 2012 against Zulte Waregem, which saw Anderlecht win 2–1; <mask> later said after the match: "it was the best day of his life". Then on 6 April when he started in a goalless Pro League game at Standard Liège; he totalled six appearances as his team won the league that season. However, he did not play at all as they retained the title the following campaign, only making the bench twice. During the season, he missed out the start of the season, due to suffering a stress fracture. As he struggled in the first team, <mask> was linked with a loan move to an unknown club in Eredivisie, but rejected the move and was sent to the reserve team instead. On 21 July 2013, he came on as an 87th-minute substitute for Matías Suárez as Anderlecht won the year's Belgian Super Cup 1–0 against Genk at the Constant Vanden Stock Stadium.However, after appearing two matches at the start of the season, <mask> announced his desire to leave the club to get regular first team football. Oostende
Soon after playing in the Belgian Super Cup, <mask> left Anderlecht to join Oostende on loan until the end of the season. <mask> made his Oostende debut, where he came on as a substitute in the second half and played 45 minutes, in a 1–0 loss against Lokeren on 31 August 2013. Since making his Oostende debut, <mask> established himself as a regular in the first team, even he was in the substitute and in a match against Genk on 23 November 2013, he set up one of the goals, in a 4–0 win. However, <mask>'s last appearance for the club came on 25 January 2014 against Waasland-Beveren. <mask> never made another appearance for the club again, as he suffered a pubalgia that kept him out of the season. Despite this, <mask> went on to make fifteen appearances in all competitions.With his contract expiring at Anderlecht at the end of the season, <mask> joined Oostende on a permanent basis, signing a four-year contract. <mask>'s first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came on 1 August 2014, playing his former club, Anderlecht, in a 2–0 loss. <mask> continued to be in a regular in the first team at Oostende despite being absence on two occasions, including his sending off against Gent on 25 January 2015. In his first permanent season at the club, <mask> went on to make thirty appearances in all competitions. In the 2015–16 season, <mask> started the season well when he set up one of the goals, in a 3–1 win over Mechelen in the opening game of the season, followed up by scoring his first goal for the club, in a 2–1 win over Westerlo, which he was named Team of the Week. <mask> continued to be in the first team until he was absence from late-2015, due to injuries. <mask> then scored his second goal of the season on 31 January 2016, in a 3–3 draw against Mouscron.After returning from injury in early-May, <mask> scored from his injury, in a 2–1 win over Genk on 14 May 2016. <mask> finished his second season, making thirty-four appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Lazio

With a hint from the club's president, stating that <mask> could leave the club in the summer, it was announced on 22 July 2016, he signed with Italian club Lazio for €4 million plus a reported €1 million in performance-related bonuses. Upon joining the club, <mask> was given a number six shirt and was presented to the club several days later. <mask> made his Lazio debut, where he made his first start and played the whole game, in a 4–3 win over Atalanta in the opening game of the season. He continued to remain in the first team until he suffered an injury during an international break that kept him out for a month. It was not until on 27 November 2016 when he made his return from injury, coming on as a substitute in the second half, in a 1–0 win over Palermo.In the 2017 Supercoppa Italiana, <mask> came on as a late substitute in a 3–2 win over Juventus at the Stadio Olimpico. On 23 December that year, he scored his first goal for the club, finishing from a Ciro Immobile pass to open a 4–0 home win over Crotone. Injury problems during the 2018–19 season meant <mask> only started three games in all competitions before a loan deal until the end of the season was agreed with English club Newcastle United on 24 January. However, the deal was called off the following day after the Belgian reportedly failed a medical. Antwerp (loan)
On 5 October 2020, Lazio confirmed that <mask> had joined Belgian club Royal Antwerp F.C. on a one-year loan. Vicenza (loan)
On 12 January 2022, <mask> was loaned out to Serie B club Vicenza until the end of the season.International career
After previously representing Belgium U15, Belgium U16, Belgium U18 and Belgium U19, Jordan rejected a chance to play for DR Congo, in favor of playing for Belgium instead. It came after when <mask> was called up by the national side in late-2011. Following his impressive performance at Oostende, <mask> was called by the senior team for the first team. On 10 October 2015, <mask> made his senior debut for the national team in a 4–1 win in a Euro 2016 qualification match against Andorra; the victory qualified his team to the finals. In his next game on the following 29 March, he replaced Guillaume Gillet in the 59th minute of a friendly away to Portugal in Leiria, and sent in the cross that was headed in by his brother as consolation in a 2–1 loss. After being included for the a 24-man preliminary squad, <mask> was selected for Euro 2016 squad, wearing shirt number 21. He made one appearance in the tournament, playing 75 minutes in place of the injured Jan Vertonghen in Belgium's 3–1 quarterfinal defeat to Wales.In May 2018, he was named in Belgium's preliminary squad for the 2018 World Cup in Russia. However, he did not make the final 23. Style of play
Regarded as a promising player in his youth, <mask> is a quick, hard-working, and powerful left-footed attacking full-back. He primarily plays as a left-back, but has demonstrated he is capable of playing anywhere along the left side of the pitch as a wing-back, as a wide midfielder, or even as a winger in an attacking trident. He is particularly well known for his outstanding pace, as well as his technique, crossing ability, physical strength, and stamina, which enables him to cover the flank effectively, get forward, exploit spaces, take on opponents, retain possession, and create chances for his teammates. He has drawn criticism at times from pundits over his tactical sense and the defensive aspect of this game, which have been cited as areas which have room for improvement. He has also struggled with injuries which have limited his playing time.Personal life
<mask> was born in Antwerp. His father is <mask>, who played professional football and was capped at international level by Zaire. He has an older brother, Romelu <mask>, who also progressed through the youth academy at Anderlecht. Their cousin Boli Bolingoli-Mbombo plays for Celtic. While at the youth academy at Anderlecht, Jordan, along with Romelu, used to be picked by their father and took them to training every morning. Unlike his older brother, <mask> grew up supporting Arsenal. Around 2012, Jordan became a victim of fake profiling.It came after he was involved in a controversial circumstances, prompting angry response from social media. In December 2014, <mask> was charged with speeding and had his driving license revoked for fifteen days, as well as, being fined €600. The following month, his closest friend, Junior Malanda, was killed in a car crash. Three months later, he was charged with the same offence and was banned from driving for a year. He was given a final warning and told that if he did it again, he would be jailed. The following year, he was charged with the same offence for the third time and was banned from driving for fifteen months. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Anderlecht
 Belgian Super Cup: 2013

Lazio
 Coppa Italia: 2018–19
 Supercoppa Italiana: 2017

References

External links
 Belgium Stats at Belgian FA

1994 births
Living people
Belgian footballers
Association football forwards
Belgian First Division A players
Serie A players
Serie B players
R.S.C.Anderlecht players
K.V. Oostende players
S.S. Lazio players
L.R. Vicenza players
Royal Antwerp F.C. players
Belgium international footballers
Belgium under-21 international footballers
Belgium youth international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Belgian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Footballers from Antwerp
Belgian people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent
Black Belgian sportspeople

masks:
Jordan Zacharie Lukaku Menama Mokelenge
Lukaku
Jordan
Lukaku
Lukaku
Jordan
Jordan
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Lukaku
Roger Lukaku
Lukaku
Jordan
Jordan Lukaku


texts:
<mask> (born 14 December 1984) is a Northern Irish former professional footballer . A versatile player, Brunt has featured primarily as a left winger, but can also operate as a left back or attacking midfielder. Brunt started his career with Middlesbrough but did not manage to make an appearance in the first team. He joined Sheffield Wednesday in 2004 and amassed 153 appearances for the club before joining West Bromwich Albion in 2007, where he went on to appear over 400 times. Brunt earned 65 caps for the Northern Ireland national team between 2004 and 2017. He also represented his country at youth level. In March 2021, Brunt returned to West Bromwich Albion as an academy coach.Early life
Brunt was born and raised in Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he attended Newtownbreda Primary School. He then went on to study at Wellington College Belfast. As a youth player, he appeared for Saint Andrew's Boys' Club. Club career

Middlesbrough
Brunt had trials with professional teams Rangers and Middlesbrough as a 16-year-old. He joined Middlesbrough's academy in 2001 and signed his first professional contract a year later. However, he failed to break into the first team at the Teesside club. Sheffield Wednesday

He moved to Sheffield Wednesday in March 2004 on an initial short-term deal.A permanent free transfer followed soon after as Brunt signed a two-year contract at Wednesday. In the 2004–05 season, his first full season at the club, Brunt helped Wednesday achieve promotion to the Championship by scoring five goals in all competitions with four of those coming in the league. In July 2005, he agreed a one-year extension to his existing contract. He went on to hit seven goals the following season, finishing the campaign as the club's top goalscorer. He also passed the 100 appearance mark for Wednesday during the 2005–06 season, making him the club's most experienced player at the time. With only one year remaining on his contract, negotiations between Brunt and Wednesday broke down in July 2007, due to what the club described as 'excessive wage demands'. West Bromwich Albion

2007–2010: Securing top-flight status
West Bromwich Albion's bid for Brunt was accepted on 14 August 2007.They completed the signing the next day, in a £3 million four-year deal, which included £500,000 of performance-related add-ons. <mask> made his Albion debut as a second-half substitute in a 2–0 home win over Barnsley on 1 September 2007. He scored his first goal for the club in a 3–2 victory away at Scunthorpe United on 22 September 2007. <mask>'s performance in the 3–0 home win against Plymouth Argyle on 1 March 2008 saw him named in the Championship Team of the Week. On 28 April 2008, Brunt scored a late equalising goal against Southampton in a 1–1 draw; this effectively secured Albion's promotion to the Premier League because of their superior goal difference. He went on to score the free kick in West Brom's 2–0 win over Queens Park Rangers (QPR) that sealed automatic promotion. Brunt was the club's top scorer in the 2008–09 season, scoring nine goals.This season ended in disappointment for <mask> and his West Brom teammates as the club were relegated, finishing in last place. He was named the club's Player of the Year for the 2008–09 season. He enjoyed the most prolific goalscoring campaign of his career to date in the 2009–10 season with 13 goals in 43 games in all competitions. The Northern Ireland native once again helped the club reach the highest tier of English football, scoring the second goal in a 3–2 away win over Doncaster on 10 April 2010, which sealed the club's Premier League status. <mask> signed a new three-year contract in July 2010 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2013. 2011–2014: Club captain
In January 2011, Brunt was made stand-in captain as the manager decided to drop previous club captain Scott Carson. When Roy Hodgson took charge of the Baggies in February 2011, he made Brunt the permanent captain of the club.He signed another three-year contract in August 2011 as a reward for his impressive form. He continued to be club captain after a new head coach was appointed when Hodgson had left to manage the England national team. Brunt helped the team secure an 8th-place finish in the 2012–13 season, the highest the club has finished in the Premier League era, while also helping to secure the record number of points for the club (48). He scored twice in the season, his first a 30-yard strike at QPR which Albion won 2–1 and the second a finish from the edge of the box in a 2–2 draw at home to Aston Villa. Alan Irvine confirmed Brunt would remain as club captain when he was appointed West Brom manager in the summer of 2014. He signed a new three-year deal on 10 August 2014 to keep him at the club until the summer of 2017. 2015–2020: Injury and comeback

Brunt relinquished the captaincy to new signing Darren Fletcher when the former Manchester United player made his debut for West Brom on 8 February 2015 in a match against Burnley.On 18 May 2015, <mask> was hit in the head by a ball kicked by Cesc Fàbregas in a match against Chelsea which resulted in the sending off of the latter. He was struck on the face by a coin thrown by a West Brom supporter on 20 February 2016 in an FA Cup Fifth Round tie at Championship side Reading. Brunt was appalled by the incident, stating: "If people come to football matches and think it is acceptable to throw coins at footballers or anyone else, it is disgusting." Brunt returned to first-team action after eight months out with an anterior cruciate knee injury in the 1–1 draw against Tottenham Hotspur at The Hawthorns on 15 October 2016. He scored his first goal of the 2016–17 season on 3 December in a 3–1 home win over Watford, ending a run of 29 Premier League appearances without a goal. His second goal of the season came on 2 January 2017 in a 3–1 home victory against Hull City, when he headed in from a Matt Phillips corner kick. 12 days later, he made his 300th league appearance and 200th Premier League start for West Brom in the next fixture against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane which ended in a 4–0 defeat for the West Midlands club.On 9 February 2017, Brunt signed a contract extension which would keep him at the club until the summer of 2018 with an option for another year should he trigger a clause relating to appearances. He made his 500th career appearance in club football against Burnley in August 2017 and the following month made his 350th appearance for Albion, against Watford. In his final game for West Brom, Brunt helped them seal promotion to the Premier League with a 2–2 draw against Queens Park Rangers. He was released from West Bromwich Albion in the 2020 summer transfer window after spending 13 years with the club. Brunt holds Albion's Premier League appearance record, having turned out 269 times for the club in the competition. Bristol City
Following his departure from The Baggies, on 7 September 2020, Brunt signed for Championship side Bristol City on a one-year deal. On 3 January 2021, Brunt departed Bristol City, after it was mutually agreed to end his contract following an injury which will rule him out for most of the remaining season.International career
Brunt made 65 appearances for the Northern Ireland national team. He scored his first goal for his country in February 2009, when his free kick helped Northern Ireland to a 3–0 away victory over San Marino. In April 2012, it was revealed that Brunt was in manager Stuart Pearce's provisional squad for the 2012 Olympic Great Britain football team. He was in the end not selected in the final 18-man squad for the Games. He missed out on the chance to appear at Euro 2016 after damaging his anterior cruciate ligament which required surgery. On 11 November 2016, Brunt returned to the international scene for Northern Ireland's 2018 World Cup qualification match against Azerbaijan. After sustaining a head injury early on, he recovered to set up a goal for club teammate Gareth McAuley and scored the final goal of a 4–0 win.He announced his retirement from international football in August 2018. Personal life
Brunt became a father for the first time on 1 May 2008, when his wife Cathy gave birth to a baby boy named Charlie. The couple then welcomed a second child, Zach David <mask>, on 18 April 2011. Brunt is a cousin of Canadian ice hockey player Shawn Thornton. Career statistics

Club

International

As of match played 12 November 2017. Northern Ireland score listed first, score column indicates score after each Brunt goal. Honours
Sheffield Wednesday
Football League One play-offs: 2005

West Bromwich Albion
Football League Championship: 2007–08; runner-up: 2009–10, 2019–20

Individual
West Bromwich Albion Player of the Year: 2008–09

References

External links

Profile  at the West Bromwich Albion F.C.website
Profile at the Irish Football Association website

1984 births
Living people
People educated at Wellington College Belfast
Association footballers from Belfast
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football wingers
Association football midfielders
Association football fullbacks
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players

masks:
Christopher Colin Brunt
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