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<mask> (born 28 July 1985) is an Irish football manager and former footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the manager of League of Ireland First Division club Cobh Ramblers. <mask> started his playing career at Cobh Ramblers, progressing through the club's youth system before breaking into the first team during the 2003 season. He then joined Cork City in 2007, and spent two seasons at the club. In December 2008, he joined Stevenage and helped the team win the FA Trophy in his first season there. <mask> was part of the Stevenage team that earned back-to-back promotions from the Conference Premier into League One. He was released by Stevenage when his contract expired in May 2012.He subsequently joined Port Vale on a free transfer two months later. <mask> signed for Macclesfield Town in January 2013, but returned to Ireland two weeks later after tearing his calf muscle. Injury would disrupt the latter stages of his career, spending time with Woking in September 2013, before returning to Cork City two months later. He rejoined Cobh Ramblers in February 2015 and also played once for Avondale United. <mask> made the transition from playing to coaching, spending time as first-team coach at Cobh Ramblers, before being appointed as the team's under-19 manager in February 2021. After becoming interim manager of the first team in July 2021, <mask> was appointed first-team manager in September 2021. Early life
Born in Cork, Republic of Ireland, he is a native of Carrignavar.<mask> combined playing football alongside serving his electrical apprenticeship in Cork from 2003 to 2006. Playing career
<mask> started his career at Irish club Cobh Ramblers, as part of the club's youth system. He made his senior debut for Cobh Ramblers in an FAI Cup match against Shamrock Rovers in August 2002, three weeks after he had turned 17. <mask> suffered a ruptured anterior cruciate ligament during his time with the club, recovering from the injury to play 77 times over five years, scoring nine goals. <mask> signed for Cork City on a two-year contract in February 2007. He played regularly in the first team during the latter stages of the 2007 season, making 32 appearances. Financial issues forced Cork City into examinership in <mask>'s second season with the club and he left the club when his contract expired at the end of the 2008 season.Stevenage
<mask> was offered a one-week trial with English Conference Premier club Stevenage in December 2008, which proved successful, signing for the club on a short-term contract on 16 December 2008. <mask> made his Stevenage debut in a 3–0 victory against Lewes at Broadhall Way. He scored his first goal for the club in a 2–1 win against Kettering Town, scoring from close-range to restore parity in the match. He made 20 appearances for the club during the 2008–09 season, during which he was sent-off twice in matches against Kidderminster Harriers and Cambridge United; the latter was rescinded. This meant that <mask> was able to play in the club's 2–0 FA Trophy Final victory against York City at Wembley Stadium on 9 May 2009, a competition in which he started six games. He played 24 times during the 2009–10 season as Stevenage won promotion to the Football League for the first time in the club's history. <mask> played his first game of the 2010–11 season on 9 August 2010, starting in Stevenage's 2–1 defeat to Portsmouth in the League Cup, scoring Stevenage's goal with a shot from outside the area that was deflected in.He was substituted at half-time after suffering a dislocated shoulder, and was ruled out of first-team action for a month. <mask> broke his leg whilst playing for Stevenage's reserve team against Colchester United reserves in September 2010. He underwent surgery on the injury and the club stated he would likely miss the remainder of the season. <mask> returned to the first team in the club's 1–0 away victory at Wycombe Wanderers on 12 March 2011, playing the first half of the match. He played nine games during the 2010–11 season, scoring once. This included three appearances in the 2010–11 League Two play-offs following Stevenage's sixth-placed finish. Following a 3–0 aggregate victory over Accrington Stanley, Stevenage earned promotion to League One after a 1–0 victory against Torquay United at Old Trafford on 28 May 2011, with <mask> coming on as a 57th-minute substitute in the match.After making no first-team appearances during the first half of Stevenage's 2011–12 season due to a "succession of little injuries", <mask> joined League Two club Aldershot Town on a one-month loan agreement on 10 February 2012. He made his debut four days later in Aldershot's 1–0 home victory against Hereford United, Aldershot's first home win since December 2011. He made two further appearances during the loan, and returned to Stevenage in March 2012. <mask> struggled with hamstring, groin and ankle injuries and was not involved in the latter stages of Stevenage's season, making no appearances for the team during the season. He was released by Stevenage when his contract expired in May 2012. <mask> made 53 appearances in all competitions during his three years with the club. Port Vale
<mask> signed for League Two club Port Vale on a free transfer on 2 July 2012, signing a one-year contract.He made his debut from the substitute's bench on 25 August 2012, replacing Chris Shuker 74 minutes into a 3–1 victory over Morecambe at the Globe Arena. <mask> struggled with hamstring problems whilst the team moved up to second in the league table in his absence. He eventually made his full debut on 20 October 2012, in a 4–1 home victory against Wycombe Wanderers. On making his return to fitness, he speculated that "if there was a hell for footballers that's what you'd do, sit in the stand watching games injured." <mask> made only his third appearance of the season against Rochdale on 6 November 2012, but having entered the game as a substitute he was forced off injured after only a few minutes due to a recurrence of his calf injury. He left the club by mutual consent on 8 January 2013. Return to Non-League
Having initially planned on returning to Ireland, <mask> received a contract offer from Conference Premier club Macclesfield Town.He accepted the offer on 31 January 2013, signing a contract lasting until the end of the 2012–13 season. Two weeks into his time at Macclesfield, he tore his calf muscle in training and on 13 February 2013, having made no appearances for the club, his contract was cancelled by mutual consent. He returned to Ireland and trained with former club Cork City. <mask> wanted to resume his playing career in England and spoke to Graham Westley, his former manager at Stevenage, who agreed for him to spend pre-season at the club ahead of the 2013–14 season. He arranged with Westley to "play some games for another club, to regain my confidence and then return to Stevenage". He subsequently signed for Woking of the Conference Premier on 24 September 2013. He made his Woking debut the same day his signing was announced, playing the first 68 minutes in a 4–0 home defeat to Luton Town at Kingfield Stadium.<mask> made three appearances for Woking before injury curtailed his time at the club. Return to Ireland
<mask> returned to Cork City on a free transfer on 16 November 2013. He made his first appearance back at Cork on 10 March 2014, starting in a 4–0 home victory over Limerick in the League of Ireland Cup. <mask> made five appearances for the club during a season disrupted by injuries as Cork finished the 2014 season in second place in the League of Ireland Premier Division. He dislocated his shoulder in a pre-season friendly against Birmingham City in July 2014 and notified Cork City manager John Caulfield of his decision to retire from playing after the match. Having recovered from the shoulder injury, <mask> was offered the chance to come out of retirement and rejoin Cobh Ramblers of the League of Ireland First Division in February 2015, which he accepted, making one appearance towards the latter stages of the 2015 season. <mask> remained at Cobh Ramblers for just over two years, making eight first-team appearances during his second spell with the club.He also played once for Avondale United of the Munster Senior League in April 2017, appearing in a 2–0 League of Ireland Cup defeat against his former employers, Cobh Ramblers, on 4 April 2017. <mask> retired from playing and made the transition into coaching. Coaching career
During his playing career, <mask> combined his playing role alongside acting as a community and academy coach at Stevenage in 2011. He also served as a community coach at Port Vale. He earned his UEFA B Licence in 2017 and was issued his UEFA A Licence in 2019. <mask> was appointed as first-team coach at Cobh Ramblers in January 2015, a position he held until October 2016. He was appointed as manager of the Cobh Ramblers under-19 team in February 2021.He was named as interim manager of the Cobh Ramblers first team until the end of the season on 23 July 2021, following the exit of previous manager Stuart Ashton. He was given the role on a permanent basis on 16 September 2021, signing a contract until the end of the 2023 season. Style of play
<mask> was deployed as a midfielder throughout his career. His role in midfield was predominantly as a defensive midfielder, where he was tasked with breaking up opposition play. <mask> described himself as "never the best player", and what he lacked in the technical aspects of the game, he "compensated for" with his work ethic. Described as "an energetic, combative midfielder" and "tough-tackling", <mask> stated that his physical style of play contributed to the number of injuries he sustained during his playing career. Career statistics

A.The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals (including those as a substitute) in the FA Trophy, play-offs and FAI Cup. Honours
Stevenage
 FA Trophy: 2008–09; runner-up: 2009–10
 Conference Premier: 2009–10
 League Two play-offs: 2010–11

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Association footballers from Cork (city)
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Association football midfielders
Cobh Ramblers F.C. players
Cork City F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C.players
Woking F.C. players
League of Ireland players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Republic of Ireland football managers
Cobh Ramblers F.C. managers
League of Ireland managers

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<mask> (born January 26, 1944) is an American political activist, philosopher, academic, scholar, and author. She is a professor at the University of California, Santa Cruz. A Marxist, <mask> was a longtime member of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA) and is a founding member of the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism (CCDS). She is the author of over ten books on class, feminism, race, and the US prison system. Born to an African-American family in Birmingham, Alabama, <mask> studied French at Brandeis University and philosophy at the University of Frankfurt in West Germany. Studying under the philosopher Herbert Marcuse, a prominent figure in the Frankfurt School, <mask> became increasingly engaged in far-left politics. Returning to the United States, she studied at the University of California, San Diego, before moving to East Germany, where she completed a doctorate at the Humboldt University of Berlin.After returning to the United States, she joined the Communist Party and became involved in numerous causes, including the second-wave feminist movement and the campaign against the Vietnam War. In 1969, she was hired as an acting assistant professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). UCLA's governing Board of Regents soon fired her due to her Communist Party membership; after a court ruled this illegal, the university fired her again, this time for her use of inflammatory language. In 1970, guns belonging to <mask> were used in an armed takeover of a courtroom in Marin County, California, in which four people were killed. Prosecuted for three capital felonies, including conspiracy to murder, she was held in jail for over a year before being acquitted of all charges in 1972. She visited Eastern Bloc countries in the 1970s and, during the 1980s, was twice the Communist Party's candidate for vice president; at the time, she also held the position of professor of ethnic studies at San Francisco State University. Much of her work focused on the abolition of prisons and in 1997, she co-founded Critical Resistance, an organization working to abolish the prison–industrial complex.In 1991, amid the dissolution of the Soviet Union, she was part of a faction in the Communist Party that broke away to establish the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Also in 1991, she joined the feminist studies department at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where she became department director before retiring in 2008. Since then she has continued to write and remained active in movements such as Occupy and the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign. <mask> has received various awards, including the Soviet Union's Lenin Peace Prize. Accused of supporting political violence, she has sustained criticism from the highest levels of the US government. She has also been criticized for supporting the Soviet Union and its satellites. <mask> has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.In 2020, she was listed as the 1971 "Woman of the Year" in Time magazine's "100 Women of the Year" edition, which selected iconic women over the 100 years since women's suffrage in the United States of America from 1920. In 2020, she was included on Times list of the 100 most influential people in the world. Early life
<mask> was born on January 26, 1944, in Birmingham, Alabama. Her family lived in the "Dynamite Hill" neighborhood, which was marked in the 1950s by the bombings of houses in an attempt to intimidate and drive out middle-class black people who had moved there. <mask> occasionally spent time on her uncle's farm and with friends in New York City. Her siblings include two brothers, Ben and Reginald, and a sister, Fania. Ben played defensive back for the Cleveland Browns and Detroit Lions in the late 1960s and early 1970s.<mask> attended Carrie A. Tuggle School, a segregated black elementary school, and later, Parker Annex, a middle-school branch of Parker High School in Birmingham. During this time, <mask>'s mother, Sallye <mask>, was a national officer and leading organizer of the Southern Negro Youth Congress, an organization influenced by the Communist Party aimed at building alliances among African Americans in the South. <mask> grew up surrounded by communist organizers and thinkers, who significantly influenced her intellectual development. <mask> was involved in her church youth group as a child, and attended Sunday school regularly. She attributes much of her political involvement to her involvement with the Girl Scouts of the United States of America. She also participated in the Girl Scouts 1959 national roundup in Colorado. As a Girl Scout, she marched and picketed to protest racial segregation in Birmingham.By her junior year of high school, <mask> had been accepted by an American Friends Service Committee (Quaker) program that placed black students from the South in integrated schools in the North. She chose Elisabeth Irwin High School in Greenwich Village. There she was recruited by a communist youth group, Advance. Education

Brandeis University
<mask> was awarded a scholarship to Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, where she was one of three black students in her class. She encountered the Frankfurt School philosopher Herbert Marcuse at a rally during the Cuban Missile Crisis and became his student. In a 2007 television interview, <mask> said, "Herbert Marcuse taught me that it was possible to be an academic, an activist, a scholar, and a revolutionary." She worked part-time to earn enough money to travel to France and Switzerland and attended the eighth World Festival of Youth and Students in Helsinki.She returned home in 1963 to a Federal Bureau of Investigation interview about her attendance at the communist-sponsored festival. During her second year at Brandeis, <mask> decided to major in French and continued her intensive study of philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre. She was accepted by the Hamilton College Junior Year in France Program. Classes were initially at Biarritz and later at the Sorbonne. In Paris, she and other students lived with a French family. She was in Biarritz when she learned of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing, committed by members of the Ku Klux Klan, in which four black girls were killed. She grieved deeply as she was personally acquainted with the victims.While completing her degree in French, <mask> realized that her primary area of interest was philosophy. She was particularly interested in Marcuse's ideas. On returning to Brandeis, she sat in on his course. She wrote in her autobiography that Marcuse was approachable and helpful. She began making plans to attend the University of Frankfurt for graduate work in philosophy. In 1965, she graduated magna cum laude, a member of Phi Beta Kappa. University of Frankfurt

In Germany, with a monthly stipend of $100, she lived first with a German family and later with a group of students in a loft in an old factory.After visiting East Berlin during the annual May Day celebration, she felt that the East German government was dealing better with the residual effects of fascism than were the West Germans. Many of her roommates were active in the radical Socialist German Student Union (SDS), and <mask> participated in some SDS actions. Events in the United States, including the formation of the Black Panther Party and the transformation of Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to an all-black organization, drew her interest upon her return. Postgraduate work
Marcuse had moved to a position at the University of California, San Diego, and <mask> followed him there after her two years in Frankfurt. <mask> traveled to London to attend a conference on "The Dialectics of Liberation". The black contingent at the conference included the Trinidadian-American Stokely Carmichael and the British Michael X. Although moved by Carmichael's rhetoric, <mask> was reportedly disappointed by her colleagues' black nationalist sentiments and their rejection of communism as a "white man's thing".She joined the Che-Lumumba Club, an all-black branch of the Communist Party USA named for revolutionaries Che Guevara and Patrice Lumumba, of Cuba and Congo, respectively. <mask> earned a master's degree from the University of California, San Diego, in 1968. She earned a doctorate in philosophy at the Humboldt University in East Berlin. Professor at University of California, Los Angeles, 1969–70

Beginning in 1969, <mask> was an acting assistant professor in the philosophy department at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Although both Princeton and Swarthmore had tried to recruit her, she opted for UCLA because of its urban location. At that time she was known as a radical feminist and activist, a member of the Communist Party USA, and an affiliate of the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party. In 1969, the University of California initiated a policy against hiring Communists.At their September 19, 1969, meeting, the Board of Regents fired <mask> from her $10,000-a-year post because of her membership in the Communist Party, urged on by California Governor Ronald Reagan. Judge Jerry Pacht ruled the Regents could not fire <mask> solely because of her affiliation with the Communist Party, and she resumed her post. The Regents fired <mask> again on June 20, 1970, for the "inflammatory language" she had used in four different speeches. The report stated, "We deem particularly offensive such utterances as her statement that the regents 'killed, brutalized (and) murdered' the People's Park demonstrators, and her repeated characterizations of the police as 'pigs. The American Association of University Professors censured the board for this action. Arrest and trial

<mask> was a supporter of the Soledad Brothers, three inmates who were accused and charged with the killing of a prison guard at Soledad Prison. On August 7, 1970, heavily armed 17-year-old African-American high-school student Jonathan Jackson, whose brother was George Jackson, one of the three Soledad Brothers, gained control of a courtroom in Marin County, California.He armed the black defendants and took Judge Harold Haley, the prosecutor, and three female jurors as hostages. As Jackson transported the hostages and two black defendants away from the courtroom, one of the defendants, James McClain, shot at the police. The police returned fire. The judge and the three black men were killed in the melee; one of the jurors and the prosecutor were injured. Although the judge was shot in the head with a blast from a shotgun, he also suffered a chest wound from a bullet that may have been fired from outside the van. Evidence during the trial showed that either could have been fatal. <mask> had purchased several of the firearms Jackson used in the attack, including the shotgun used to shoot Haley, which she bought at a San Francisco pawn shop two days before the incident.She was also found to have been corresponding with one of the inmates involved. As California considers "all persons concerned in the commission of a crime, ... whether they directly commit the act constituting the offense, or aid and abet in its commission, ... are principals in any crime so committed", <mask> was charged with "aggravated kidnapping and first degree murder in the death of Judge Harold Haley", and Marin County Superior Court Judge Peter Allen Smith issued a warrant for her arrest. Hours after the judge issued the warrant on August 14, 1970, a massive attempt to find and arrest <mask> began. On August 18, four days after the warrant was issued, the FBI director J. Edgar Hoover listed <mask> on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitive List; she was the third woman and the 309th person to be listed. Soon after, <mask> became a fugitive and fled California. According to her autobiography, during this time she hid in friends' homes and moved at night. On October 13, 1970, FBI agents found her at a Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in New York City.President Richard M. Nixon congratulated the FBI on its "capture of the dangerous terrorist <mask>." On January 5, 1971, <mask> appeared at Marin County Superior Court and declared her innocence before the court and nation: "I now declare publicly before the court, before the people of this country that I am innocent of all charges which have been leveled against me by the state of California." John Abt, general counsel of the Communist Party USA, was one of the first attorneys to represent <mask> for her alleged involvement in the shootings. While being held in the Women's Detention Center, <mask> was initially segregated from other prisoners, in solitary confinement. With the help of her legal team, she obtained a federal court order to get out of the segregated area. Across the nation, thousands of people began organizing a movement to gain her release. In New York City, black writers formed a committee called the Black People in Defense of <mask>.By February 1971 more than 200 local committees in the United States, and 67 in foreign countries, worked to free <mask> from jail. John Lennon and Yoko Ono contributed to this campaign with the song "<mask>". In 1972, after a 16-month incarceration, the state allowed her release on bail from county jail. On February 23, 1972, Rodger McAfee, a dairy farmer from Fresno, California, paid her $100,000 bail with the help of Steve Sparacino, a wealthy business owner. The United Presbyterian Church paid some of her legal defense expenses. A defense motion for a change of venue was granted, and the trial was moved to Santa Clara County. On June 4, 1972, after 13 hours of deliberations, the all-white jury returned a verdict of not guilty.The fact that she owned the guns used in the crime was judged insufficient to establish her role in the plot. She was represented by Leo Branton Jr., who hired psychologists to help the defense determine who in the jury pool might favor their arguments, a technique that has since become more common. He also hired experts to discredit the reliability of eyewitness accounts. Other activities in the 1970s

Cuba
After her acquittal, <mask> went on an international speaking tour in 1972 and the tour included Cuba, where she had previously been received by Fidel Castro in 1969 as a member of a Communist Party delegation. Robert F. Williams, Huey Newton, Stokely Carmichael had also visited Cuba, and Assata Shakur later moved there after escaping from a US prison. Her reception by Afro-Cubans at a mass rally was so enthusiastic that she was reportedly barely able to speak. <mask> perceived Cuba as a racism-free country, which led her to believe that "only under socialism could the fight against racism be successfully executed."When she returned to the United States, her socialist leanings increasingly influenced her understanding of race struggles. In 1974, she attended the Second Congress of the Federation of Cuban Women. Soviet Union

In 1971, the CIA estimated that five percent of Soviet propaganda efforts were directed towards the <mask> campaign. In August 1972, <mask> visited the USSR at the invitation of the Central Committee, and received an honorary doctorate from Moscow State University. On May 1, 1979, she was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize from the Soviet Union. She visited Moscow later that month to accept the prize, where she praised "the glorious name" of Lenin and the "great October Revolution". East Germany

The East German government organized an extensive campaign on behalf of <mask>.In September 1972, <mask> visited East Germany, where she met the state's leader Erich Honecker, received an honorary degree from the University of Leipzig and the Star of People's Friendship from Walter Ulbricht. On September 11 in East Berlin she delivered a speech, "Not Only My Victory", praising the GDR and USSR and denouncing American racism, and visited the Berlin Wall, where she laid flowers at the memorial for Reinhold Huhn (an East German guard who had been killed by a man who was trying to escape with his family across the border in 1962). <mask> said "We mourn the deaths of the border guards who sacrificed their lives for the protection of their socialist homeland" and "When we return to the USA, we shall undertake to tell our people the truth about the true function of this border." In 1973, she returned to East Berlin leading the US delegation to the 10th World Festival of Youth and Students. Jonestown and Peoples Temple
In the mid-1970s, Jim Jones, who developed the cult Peoples Temple, initiated friendships with progressive leaders in the San Francisco area including Dennis Banks of the American Indian Movement and <mask>. On September 10, 1977, 14 months before the Temple's mass murder-suicide, <mask> spoke via amateur radio telephone "patch" to members of his Peoples Temple living in Jonestown in Guyana. In her statement during the "Six Day Siege", she

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 expressed support for the People's Temple anti-racism efforts and told members there was a conspiracy against them.She said, "When you are attacked, it is because of your progressive stand, and we feel that it is directly an attack against us as well." Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and political prisoners in socialist countries

In 1975, Russian dissident and Nobel laureate Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn argued in a speech before an AFL-CIO meeting in New York City that <mask> was derelict in having failed to support prisoners in various socialist countries around the world, given her strong opposition to the US prison system. He said a group of Czech prisoners had appealed to <mask> for support, which Solzhenitsyn said she had declined. In 1972, Jiří Pelikán had written an open letter asking her to support Czech prisoners, which <mask> had refused, believing that the Czech prisoners were undermining the Husák government and that Pelikán, in exile in Italy, was attacking his own country. According to Solzhenitsyn, in response to concerns about Czech prisoners being "persecuted by the state", <mask> had responded that "They deserve what they get. Let them remain in prison." Alan Dershowitz, who also asked <mask> to support a number of imprisoned refuseniks in the USSR, said that she declined because she did not consider them political prisoners.Later academic career

<mask> was a lecturer at the Claremont Black Studies Center at the Claremont Colleges in 1975. Attendance at the course she taught was limited to 26 students out of the more than 5,000 on campus, and she was forced to teach in secret because alumni benefactors didn't want her to indoctrinate the general student population with communist thought. College trustees made arrangements to minimize her appearance on campus, limiting her seminars to Friday evenings and Saturdays, "when campus activity is low". Her classes moved from one classroom to another and the students were sworn to secrecy. Much of this secrecy continued throughout <mask>'s brief time teaching at the colleges. In 2020 it was announced that <mask> would be the Ena H. Thompson Distinguished Lecturer for Pomona College's History Department, welcoming her back after 45 years. <mask> taught a women's studies course at the San Francisco Art Institute in 1978, and was a professor of ethnic studies at the San Francisco State University from at least 1980 to 1984.She was a professor in the History of Consciousness and the Feminist Studies departments at the University of California, Santa Cruz and Rutgers University from 1991 to 2008. Since then, she has been a distinguished professor emerita. <mask> was a distinguished visiting professor at Syracuse University in spring 1992 and October 2010, and was the Randolph Visiting Distinguished Professor of philosophy at Vassar College in 1995. In 2014, <mask> returned to UCLA as a regents' lecturer. She delivered a public lecture on May 8 in Royce Hall, where she had given her first lecture 45 years earlier. In 2016, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters in Healing and Social Justice from the California Institute of Integral Studies in San Francisco during its 48th annual commencement ceremony. Political activism and speeches
<mask> accepted the Communist Party USA's nomination for vice president, as Gus Hall's running mate, in 1980 and in 1984.They received less than 0.02% of the vote in 1980. She left the party in 1991, founding the Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism. Her group broke from the Communist Party USA because of the latter's support of the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt after the fall of the Soviet Union and tearing down of the Berlin Wall. <mask> said that she and others who had "circulated a petition about the need for democratization of the structures of governance of the party" were not allowed to run for national office and thus "in a sense ... invited to leave". In 2014, she said she continues to have a relationship with the CPUSA but has not rejoined. In the 2020 presidential election, <mask> supported the Democratic nominee, Joe Biden. <mask> is a major figure in the prison abolition movement.She has called the United States prison system the "prison–industrial complex" and was one of the founders of Critical Resistance, a national grassroots organization dedicated to building a movement to abolish the prison system. In recent works, she has argued that the US prison system resembles a new form of slavery, pointing to the disproportionate share of the African-American population who were incarcerated. <mask> advocates focusing social efforts on education and building "engaged communities" to solve various social problems now handled through state punishment. As early as 1969, <mask> began public speaking engagements. She expressed her opposition to the Vietnam War, racism, sexism, and the prison–industrial complex, and her support of gay rights and other social justice movements. In 1969, she blamed imperialism for the troubles oppressed populations suffer:
We are facing a common enemy and that enemy is Yankee Imperialism, which is killing us both here and abroad. Now I think anyone who would try to separate those struggles, anyone who would say that in order to consolidate an anti-war movement, we have to leave all of these other outlying issues out of the picture, is playing right into the hands of the enemy.She has continued lecturing throughout her career, including at numerous universities. In 2001, she publicly spoke against the war on terror following the 9/11 attacks, continued to criticize the prison–industrial complex, and discussed the broken immigration system. She said that to solve social justice issues, people must "hone their critical skills, develop them and implement them." Later, in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005, she declared that the "horrendous situation in New Orleans" was due to the country's structural racism, capitalism, and imperialism. <mask> opposed the 1995 Million Man March, arguing that the exclusion of women from this event promoted male chauvinism. She said that Louis Farrakhan and other organizers appeared to prefer that women take subordinate roles in society. Together with Kimberlé Crenshaw and others, she formed the African American Agenda 2000, an alliance of black feminists.<mask> has continued to oppose the death penalty. In 2003, she lectured at Agnes Scott College, a liberal arts women's college in Atlanta, Georgia, on prison reform, minority issues, and the ills of the criminal justice system. On October 31, 2011, <mask> spoke at the Philadelphia and Washington Square Occupy Wall Street assemblies. Due to restrictions on electronic amplification, her words were human microphoned. In 2012, <mask> was awarded the 2011 Blue Planet Award, an award given for contributions to humanity and the planet. At the 27th Empowering Women of Color Conference in 2012, <mask> said she was a vegan. She has called for the release of Rasmea Odeh, associate director at the Arab American Action Network, who was convicted of immigration fraud in relation to her hiding of a previous murder conviction.<mask> supports the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions campaign against Israel. <mask> was an honorary co-chair of the January 21, 2017, Women's March on Washington, which occurred the day after President Donald Trump's inauguration. The organizers' decision to make her a featured speaker was criticized from the right by Humberto Fontova and the National Review. Libertarian journalist Cathy Young wrote that <mask>'s "long record of support for political violence in the United States and the worst of human rights abusers abroad" undermined the march. On October 16, 2018, Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, presented <mask> with an honorary degree during the inaugural Viola Desmond Legacy Lecture, as part of the institution's bicentennial celebration year. On January 7, 2019, the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (BCRI) rescinded <mask>'s Fred Shuttlesworth Human Rights Award, saying she "does not meet all of the criteria". Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin and others cited criticism of <mask>'s vocal support for Palestinian rights and the movement to boycott Israel.<mask> said her loss of the award was "not primarily an attack against me but rather against the very spirit of the indivisibility of justice." On January 25, the BCRI reversed its decision and issued a public apology, stating that there should have been more public consultation. In November 2019, along with other public figures, <mask> signed a letter supporting Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn describing him as "a beacon of hope in the struggle against emergent far-right nationalism, xenophobia and racism in much of the democratic world", and endorsed him in the 2019 UK general election. On January 20, 2020, <mask> gave the Memorial Keynote Address at the University of Michigan's MLK Symposium. <mask> was elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021. Personal life
From 1980 to 1983 <mask> was married to Hilton Braithwaite. In 1997, she came out as a lesbian in an interview with Out magazine.By 2020, <mask> was living openly with her partner, the academic Gina Dent, a fellow humanities scholar and intersectional feminist researcher at UC Santa Cruz. Together, they have advocated for the abolition of police and prisons, and for black liberation and Palestinian solidarity. Representation in other media
The first song released in support of <mask> was "<mask>" (1971), by Italian singer-songwriter and musician Virgilio Savona with his group Quartetto Cetra. He received some anonymous threats. In 1972, German singer-songwriter and political activist Franz Josef Degenhardt published the song "<mask> Davis", opener to his 6th studio album Mutter Mathilde. The Rolling Stones song "Sweet Black Angel", recorded in 1970 and released on their album Exile on Main Street (1972), is dedicated to <mask>. It is one of the band's few overtly political releases.Its lines include: "She's a sweet black angel, not a gun-toting teacher, not a Red-lovin' schoolmarm / Ain't someone gonna free her, free de sweet black slave, free de sweet black slave". John Lennon and Yoko Ono released their song "<mask>" on the album Some Time in New York City (1972) in support of <mask>, and a small photo of her appears on the album's cover at the bottom left. The jazz musician Todd Cochran, also known as Bayete, recorded his song "Free Angela (Thoughts...and all I've got to say)" in 1972. Tribe Records co-founder Phil Ranelin released a song dedicated to <mask>, "Angela's Dilemma", on Message From the Tribe (1972), a spiritual jazz collectible. References in other venues
On January 28, 1972, Garrett Brock Trapnell hijacked TWA Flight 2. One of his demands was <mask>'s release. In Renato Guttuso's painting The Funerals of Togliatti (1972), <mask> is depicted, among other figures of communism, in the left framework, near the author's self-portrait, Elio Vittorini, and Jean-Paul Sartre.In 1971, black playwright Elvie Moore wrote the play <mask> is Happening, depicting <mask> on trial with figures such as Frederick Douglass, Malcolm X, and H. Rap Brown as eyewitnesses proclaiming her innocence. The play was performed at the Inner City Cultural Center and at UCLA, with Pat Ballard as <mask>. The documentary <mask>: Portrait of a Revolutionary (1972) was directed by UCLA Film School student Yolande du Luart. It follows <mask> from 1969 to 1970, documenting her dismissal from UCLA. The film wrapped shooting before the Marin County incident. In the movie Network (1976), Marlene Warfield's character Laureen Hobbs appears to be modeled on <mask>. Also in 2018, a cotton T-shirt with <mask>'s face on it was featured in Prada's 2018 collection.A mural featuring <mask> was painted by Italian street artist Jorit Agoch in the Scampia neighborhood of Naples in 2019. Biopic
In 2019, Julie Dash, who is credited as the first black female director to have a theatrical release of a film (Daughters of the Dust) in the US, announced that she would be directing a film based on <mask>'s life. Bibliography

Books

 If They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (New York: Third Press, 1971), . <mask>: An Autobiography, Random House (September 1974), . Joan Little: The Dialectics of Rape (New York: Lang Communications, 1975)
Women, Race and Class, Random House (1981), . Women, Culture & Politics, Vintage (February 19, 1990), . The <mask> Y. <mask> Reader (ed.Joy James), Wiley-Blackwell (December 11, 1998), . Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday, Vintage Books (January 26, 1999), . Are Prisons Obsolete?, Seven Stories Press (April 2003), . Abolition Democracy: Beyond Prisons, Torture, and Empire, Seven Stories Press (October 1, 2005), . The Meaning of Freedom: And Other Difficult Dialogues (City Lights, 2012), . Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement, Haymarket Books (2015), . Herbert Marcuse, Philosopher of Utopia: A Graphic Biography (foreword, City Lights, 2019), .Interviews and appearances
 1971
 An Interview with <mask>. Cassette. Radio Free People, New York, 1971. Myerson, M. "<mask> in Prison". Ramparts, March 1971: 20–21. Seigner, Art. <mask>: Soul and Soledad.Phonodisc. Flying Dutchman, New York, 1971. Walker, Joe. <mask> Speaks. Phonodisc. Folkways Records, New York, 1971. 1972–1985
 "Black Journal; 67; Interview with <mask>," 1972-06-20, WNET.<mask> makes her first national television appearance in an exclusive interview with host Tony Brown, following her recent acquittal of charges related to the San Rafael courtroom shootout. "<mask> Talks about her Future and her Freedom". Jet, July 27, 1972: 54–57. <mask>, <mask>. I Am a Black Revolutionary Woman (1971). Phonodisc. Folkways, New York, 1977. Phillips, Esther.<mask> Interviews Esther Phillips. Cassette. Pacifica Tape Library, Los Angeles, 1977. Cudjoe, Selwyn. In Conversation with <mask>. Videocassette. ETV Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, 1985.21-minute interview. 1992–1997
 <mask>, <mask>. "Women on the Move: Travel Themes in Ma Rainey's Blues" in Borders/diasporas. Sound Recording. University of California, Santa Cruz: Center for Cultural Studies, Santa Cruz, 1992. <mask>, <mask>. Black Is... Black Ain't.Documentary film. Independent Television Service (ITVS), 1994. Interview <mask> (Public Broadcasting Service, Spring 1997)
 2000–2002
 <mask>, <mask>. The Prison Industrial Complex and its Impact on Communities of Color. Videocassette. University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, 2000. Barsamian, D. "<mask>: African American Activist on Prison-Industrial Complex".Progressive 65.2 (2001): 33–38. "September 11 America: an Interview with <mask>". Policing the National Body: Sex, Race, and Criminalization. Cambridge, Ma. : South End Press, 2002. 2011–2016
 The Black Power Mixtape 1967–1975, documentary film prominently featuring <mask> in a number of rarely seen Swedish interviews, released 2011. "Activist Professor <mask>" episode of Woman's Hour, BBC Radio 4, December 3, 2014.Criminal Queers, a fictional DIY film examining the relationship between the LGBT community and the criminal justice system, released 2015. 13th, documentary file about the 13th Amendment and history of the civil rights movement, released 2016. Archives
The National United Committee to Free <mask> Davis collection is at the Main Library at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California (A collection of thousands of letters received by the Committee and <mask> from people in the US and other countries.) The complete transcript of her trial, including all appeals and legal memoranda, has been preserved in the Meiklejohn Civil Liberties Library in Berkeley, California. <mask>'s papers are archived at the Schlesinger Library at the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Records including correspondence, statements, clippings and other documents about <mask>'s dismissal from the University of California, Los Angeles due to her political affiliation with the Communist Party are archived at UCLA. See also
Africana philosophy
Marxist feminism

References

Further reading
Popular media

 Round table discussion.Chat-room users' interview with <mask>.

. Audio recording of <mask>. Interview. Video interview. Roberts, Steven V., "<mask>: The Making Of a Radical", New York Times, August 23, 1970. Books

Primary Sources
Donald Kalish papers, Box 4 and Box 7. UCLA Library Special Collections.External links

The New York Times archive of Davis-related articles, nytimes.com;
Angela Y. <mask> Papers, 1937-2017 MC 940. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Angela Y. <mask> Collection of the Schlesinger Library A/D260. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University,

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<mask> (June 9, 1922 – January 3, 2002) was an offensive tackle and defensive tackle for the New York Yankees and the Brooklyn Dodgers in the All-America Football Conference, New York Yanks of the National Football League, and the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Western Interprovincial Football Union. He lived in Waco, Texas, while he was a professional player. Texas A&M defensive tackle

He attended Texas A&M University, where he was a left tackle who wore #74. His first year as a varsity player was 1940. He weighed 255 pounds. and 6'4". <mask> was named the outstanding lineman in the Southwest Conference in 1941.That year, he led the Aggies to their second straight Cotton Bowl Classic appearance against Fordham University. In 1942 Texas A&M played the University of Alabama in the Cotton Bowl Classic. <mask> played left tackle for the South All-Stars who defeated the North, 24–7, in the North–South football game, on December 30, 1944. He was named captain of the Gray squad for the Blue–Gray Football Classic in December 1945. <mask> was selected as the captain of the College All-Stars for the 1946 College All-Star Game. The All-Stars played the Los Angeles Rams at Soldier Field, in August. <mask> placed second to Elroy Hirsch of the University of Wisconsin–Madison in voting for the most valuable player in the game.The All-Stars defeated the Rams 16–0. Military service

He was sworn into the service at halftime of the 1942 Cotton Bowl Classic. <mask> spent four and a half years in the Army Air Force. He attained the rank of captain, was awarded a Presidential Citation,
and two battle stars. In December 1944 <mask> was a tackle for the Randolph Field Ramblers, the best service team in Texas during World War II. They played the Second Air Force Superbombers of Colorado Springs in the Treasury Bond Bowl, at the Polo Grounds. He also played for the Hawaiian Flyers in 1945.World War II gave <mask> a third chance to play in the Cotton Bowl Classic, and an opportunity to defeat the
University of Texas, which Texas A&M had not beaten since 1939. The Randolph Field Ramblers played the Texas Longhorns in the
Cotton Bowl Classic. All-America Football Conference career

<mask> was selected by the Chicago Bears in the annual draft of college football players, in Chicago, on December 22, 1941. He played his first professional game for the Brooklyn Dodgers against the Cleveland Browns. The Browns won 26–7 at Cleveland Stadium on October 6, 1946. <mask> helped account for the Dodgers' only score by recovering a Cliff Lewis fumble on the Browns' 6-yard-line, in the 3rd Quarter. <mask> recovered an Andy Dudish fumble early in the 1st Quarter during a November loss to the Buffalo Bisons.<mask> was named to the 1946 All-Pro second team picked by the Associated Press, on December 12. He was chosen, along with Bruiser Kinard, as one of two outstanding tackles named to the 1946 United Press All-America Conference All-Star Team. <mask> signed a three-year contract with Dodgers' general manager, Freddie Fitzsimmons, in March 1947. He had surgery for floating cartilage in his right knee at St. Vincent's Hospital, in December 1948. The Dodgers and New York Yankees merged in January 1949, reducing the AAFC to seven teams. The Yankee-Dodger aggregation played its home games in Yankee Stadium. <mask> scored a touchdown against the Buffalo Bills (AAFC) in September 1949.In a Brooklyn-New York 17–14 win, Frank Perantoni batted down a pass thrown by George Ratterman, at Civic Stadium. <mask> caught the ball and ran four yards into the end zone. NFL tackle

The AAFC folded following the 1949 season. The Browns, 49ers, and Colts moved into the NFL for the 1950 season. The remainder of the AAFC players were taken by the NFL via draft. The New York Bulldogs changed their name to the New York Yanks. <mask> signed with the Yanks in 1950 as one of the players the team received from the AAFC Yankees.In October 1950 <mask> sacked Quarterback Frankie Albert of the San Francisco 49ers for a safety near halftime of a game at Yankee Stadium. New York won the game, 29–24, in a come from behind victory. <mask> jarred the ball from Tobin Rote of the Green Bay Packers during an October 20 contest in New York. The ball was recovered for a 1st Quarter touchdown by Jack Russell of the Yanks. Saskatchewan Roughriders

In July 1951 Yanks' owner, Ted Collins, initiated legal action against <mask> and guard George Brown. Both had signed contracts to play in Canada. One of <mask>'s opponents, Edmonton Eskimos quarterback Jackie Parker, was a rookie out of the University of Tennessee.He reflected about his fear of <mask> in a 1972 Winnipeg Free Press article. Parker's coach, Pop Ivy, instructed his staff to study film in hopes of finding a weakness in <mask>'s game. The coaches found a tendency in the way <mask> positioned his left foot when he lined up in a three point stance. When he intended to come straight ahead the tackle placed his left foot forward. When he wanted to cut left he positioned his left foot back. One of Parker's teammates, Johnny Bright, did not think the advance scouting of <mask> helped the Eskimos very much. After getting smashed for a loss by <mask>, Bright grumbled in the huddle, I guess we gotta learn to live with him.<mask> was ejected from a September 1951 game with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers for slugging Dick Pinkston near the end of the first half. <mask> was selected as one of six Roughriders named to the 1956 Canadian Press Western Interprovincial Football Union All-StarTeam. Players were chosen by football writers and coaches in the league cities. <mask> and a teammate, defensive back Larry Isbell, barely missed taking an ill-fated Vancouver to Montreal Trans-Canada Airlines plane which experienced engine failure above Hope, British Columbia, on December 10, 1956. They had tickets on the following flight to Montreal after passing on the earlier flight. The missing plane's pilot turned back at Princeton, British Columbia, while facing snow and ice. The Trans Canada airliner, carrying 62 people, went down in the Chilliwack Mountain region of British Columbia.<mask> had just finished playing in the East–West All-Star Game. He was inducted into the Canadian Football Hall of Fame in 1974. Coach

In January 1965 <mask> was named head line coach by the University of Tulsa. He had coached earlier at Baylor University and Texas A&M University. References

1922 births
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American football offensive tackles
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American players of Canadian football
Canadian football defensive linemen
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Brooklyn Dodgers (AAFC) players
New York Yankees (AAFC) players
New York Yanks players
Randolph Field Ramblers football players
Saskatchewan Roughriders players
Texas A&M Aggies football coaches
Texas A&M Aggies football players
Tulsa Golden Hurricane football coaches
Canadian Football Hall of Fame inductees
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
People from Lubbock, Texas
American emigrants to Canada
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<mask> ( ; born 21 March 1969) is an Iranian former professional footballer, football manager and businessman. A striker, he was the captain of the Iranian national team between 2000 and 2006 and played in the German Bundesliga for Arminia Bielefeld, Bayern Munich and Hertha Berlin. He is regarded as one of the best Asian footballers of all time. A tall forward, <mask> was a prolific goalscorer and was known for his heading accuracy and ability in the air. He was the world's top international goalscorer with 109 goals, until his record was broken by Cristiano Ronaldo in 2021. During his playing career, <mask> was appointed a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador in 2001. Following his retirement, <mask> served as a member of the FIFA Football Committee between 2007 and 2013.In 2014, he was inducted into the Asian Football Hall of Fame. Club career

Early years

<mask> was born in Ardabil, Imperial Iran. <mask> graduated from Sharif University of Technology in Materials Engineering (Metallurgical) with a BSc. degree. He began his playing career at 19 with hometown club Esteghlal Ardabi. His next club was Taxirani F.C. in Tehran, where he played for one season, before joining another Tehran-based club, Bank Tejarat.His tenure with Bank Tejarat lasted four years, scoring 49 goals in 75 games for the club. Move to Europe
After his success with Bank Tejarat FC, in 1994 <mask> joined one of Tehran's leading clubs, Persepolis. He went on to score 23 goals in 38 games for the club from 1994 to 1996. Following his impressive performance in the Asian Cup in 1996, he moved to Al Sadd for the 1996–1997 season, before joining Bundesliga side Arminia Bielefeld in 1997 alongside fellow Iranian national teammate Karim Bagheri. Yet at Bayern he found himself low in the pecking order. This coupled with the Iranian national team's scheduling, <mask> had found very little time for playing. <mask> was unhappy with his position in the club and decided to make a move to Hertha BSC before the end of his three-year contract, when Bayern won the championship title in the 1999 Bundesliga.<mask> became the first Asian player ever to feature in a UEFA Champions League match. He scored his first and second goal in the UEFA Champions League on 21 September 1999 in a group stage match against Chelsea, won by Hertha 2–1. He also scored in a 1–1 draw against A.C. Milan at the San Siro. Yet even at Hertha he was not a hugely important player, since he was only one of the squad's many successful players, who were to fulfill Hertha's Bundesliga and UEFA Champions League dreams. Return to Asia

<mask> was playing in numerous continental friendlies against world class opposition, yet was still unable to maintain a stable position in his club's starting line-up. In 2001, he was not among the top scorers in the Asian Qualifying round and he did not manage to take the team into the World Cup as captain for the first time. He joined the UAE league at 34 years of age, signing a contract with Al-Shabab as a free agent.In 2003, <mask> quit the UAE team and joined his old team in Tehran, Persepolis. <mask> moved from Persepolis to Saba Battery on a free transfer for a modest contract of around $300,000. He spent two years at Saba Battery, scoring 23 goals, winning the Hazfi Cup and participating in the Asian Champions League. After World Cup 2006 and the arrival of Saba Battery's new manager, Farhad Kazemi, it was announced that he was no longer needed on the team and his contract would not be renewed. Despite rumours of retirement, he signed for another industry-linked club from Tehran, Saipa, on 1 August 2006. On 6 March 2007, <mask> was fined $2000 and suspended for four games by the Iranian Football Federation after the incidents in a league game where he delivered a head-butt to the face of Sheys Rezaei. On 28 May 2007, after Saipa won the 2006–07 Persian Gulf Cup in a match vs Mes Kerman, <mask> announced his retirement from playing club football and that he would concentrate on his coaching career.International career

<mask> was called up to join Team Melli on 6 June 1993 in an ECO Cup tournament held in Tehran, where he made his debut for Iran against Pakistan. He continued his national team appearances and was named the top scorer of the final Asian round of 1994 FIFA World Cup qualifications with 4 goals in 5 matches. Despite criticism, <mask> played in the 2006 FIFA World Cup; the criticisms, however, were directed more at his fitness and the inability of younger players to play a part in the World Cup. From Iranian media calling for his retirement, <mask> has always defended his position in Team Melli and has rejected that he was too old to play for the team. College career
<mask> captained Islamic Azad University football team in 2007 World Interuniversity Games, scoring a hat-trick in the final match against University of Osijek and winning the gold medal. Coaching
In 2007 Summer Universiade, <mask> was in charge as the head coach of the Iran students national team. He was technical manager of the Islamic Azad University team in 2009 World Interuniversity Games.Managerial career

Saipa

On 8 October 2006, upon sudden leave of Saipa's German coach Werner Lorant, he was appointed as the interim manager of Saipa. He was later officially announced as the full-time manager. On 28 May, Saipa became the Persian Gulf Cup champions in <mask>'s first season at the helm. Going into his second season as manager, <mask> relinquished his playing duties for the defending champions and found himself on the sidelines full-time. The results of Saipa's 2007–2008 campaign were not nearly as successful as his team finished 11th in the 18 team Iran Pro League table. However, <mask> did lead Saipa to an Asian Champions League quarterfinal birth before leaving to take over as the full-time manager of the Iranian national football team. Iran national football team
On 2 March 2008, IRIFF officially appointed <mask> as Team Melli's new head coach.Despite admitting that his appointment as manager of the Iranian national team was a "surprise", <mask> refused to leave his current coaching job at Saipa F.C., therefore taking on dual managerial careers until after Saipa had entered the Asian Champion League quarterfinals, after which <mask> left Saipa by mutual consent. While <mask> guided Iran to a respectable 16–6–3 mark, his third loss on 28 March 2009 to a Saudi Arabian team that was down 1–0 to Iran in Tehran proved to be the final straw. During his tenure as the National Team coach, the Iranian team managed the weakest World Cup Qualification results in its history with only one win out of 5 WCQ games. After the loss in the 2010 World Cup Qualifier, <mask> was fired as head coach after the match. While introducing many new players such as Gholamreza Rezaei, and Ehsan Hajsafi, <mask>'s squad was often in flux as to who would be invited to a fixture. As well, many critics pointed towards the failures of <mask>'s team to score and an unsolved weakness in the central defense as causes for his downfall. Persepolis

In 2009, <mask> turned down a job offer as manager of Rah Ahan.It was widely believed that <mask> could be next in-line for the coaching position of Persepolis but the club chose Zlatko Kranjčar. On 28 December 2009, <mask> was chosen as a coach of Persepolis. At the end of the 2009–10 Season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league but they became Hazfi Cup champions. In the Hazfi Cup final, Persepolis defeated Azadegan League side Gostaresh Foolad Tabriz 4–1 on aggregate to qualify for the 2011 AFC Champions League. In the 2010–11 season, Persepolis finished fourth in the league and was eliminated in the group stage of the 2011 AFC Champions League but at the end of the season Persepolis won the 2010–11 Hazfi Cup after defeating rivals Sepahan, Foolad and Malavan. <mask> had many people against him while at Persepolis, including the chairman Habib Kashani and after a contention with Kashani, he stated that "I won't work with Kashani Anymore". On 20 June 2011, Technical committee of Perspolis re-appointed <mask> as Persepolis's head coach but he resigned on 21 June.The technical committee chose Hamid Estili as <mask>'s successor on that day. During his time at Persepolis, <mask> brought up many youngsters such as Hamidreza <mask> and Saman Aghazamani and other players such as Hadi Norouzi and Maziar Zare were chosen for Team Melli thanks to <mask>. Despite the fact that many challenges and difficulties such as the leaders of fans and the clubs' Chairman Kashani were in <mask>'s way, Persepolis was crowned Hazfi Cup Champions for two successive years and the fans themselves always loved and cheered <mask>, but at the same time they did not cheer for any player. Under the management of <mask>, Persepolis won back to back trophies for the first time in 13 seasons. Rah Ahan
On 14 July 2011, <mask> signed a one-year contract as head coach of Rah Ahan. In his first match as head coach of Rah Ahan, he made a 2–2 draw with Zob Ahan. In his first season as Rah Ahan's head coach, he led the club to the 11th position.During the 2012–13 season, <mask> used many young players such as Mojtaba Shiri and Omid <mask> Ahan finished the season in the 8th place which was the clubs' best finish in the league since 1937. Thanks to <mask>'s popularity, more people started to watch Rah Ahan's matches, and for the second straight year, <mask> was able to beat his former club Persepolis. Despite many rumors that <mask> will leave Rah Ahan for other clubs such as Persepolis or Tractor, he decided to stay with the club "to build a team that can qualify for the AFC Champions League." However, his contract was terminated on 20 May 2013, making ways for him to become head coach of Persepolis. Return to Persepolis

On 20 May 2013, he signed a three-year contract to become head coach of Persepolis after a long negotiation. It was the second time that he signed with Persepolis, he returned to his former side after two seasons. He officially began his work with Persepolis on 1 June 2013.His first match came against Tractor, which Persepolis won 1–0 with the goal coming from Mehdi Seyed Salehi. At the end of his first year at Persepolis, his side finished runners-up, two points less than champions Foolad. He was sacked on 10 September 2014 after a poor start of 2014–15 season. Saba Qom
On 1 July 2015, <mask> became manager of Naft Tehran on 5 July 2016 with signing a two-year contract, replacing <mask> Mansourian.He led Naft to the Hazfi Cup title but left the club at the end of the season. Return to Saipa
<mask> became manager of Saipa on 14 May 2017, a club that he started his coaching career in 2006 and led them to the league title in 2007. He led the club for two seasons and was sacked at the end of 2018–19 season. Personal life
Iranian journalist Camelia Entekhabifard wrote in her memoirs that she was marrying <mask> in fall 1997, but the couple separated. Business ventures and philanthropy
<mask> owns his own football jersey manufacturing company called Daei Sport's Wears & Equipments, making sportswear for Iran sporting clubs in various fields and league clubs worldwide. His company also made jerseys for the national team. He has made very significant charitable donations and has made appearances in charity football matches worldwide (featuring in the World vs. Bosnia match with Roberto Baggio and others).He also appeared in a UNICEF commercial with David Beckham and Madeleine Albright, and has regularly been seen working with the organisation. <mask> featured on 18 July 2007 in 90 Minutes for Mandela, a match between the Africa XI and the Rest of World XI to celebrate the birthday of Nelson Mandela. <mask> played approximately 10 minutes in the match which ended 3–3. Religion

<mask> is a religious person. While he played for Bayern Munich, he refused to hold a glass of beer for an Erdinger advertisement because alcoholic beverages are forbidden in Islam. Accident
On 17 March 2012, <mask>'s car overturned as he was driving back to Tehran from Isfahan with his brother. Just prior to the accident, his team, Rah Ahan, had been beaten by Sepahan.<mask> was then transferred to a hospital near Kashan. Rah Ahan's Media Officer, Hossein Ghadousi stated that "<mask> is in a stable condition with regards to his vital signs and is not currently in any acute danger as a result of the accident". He was transferred to Laleh hospital in Tehran the following day. A statement from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) said: "The AFC wishes Iranian legend <mask>, who was involved in a car accident on Saturday, a speedy and full recovery. We stand ready to assist <mask>, who is a true icon of Asian football. Our thoughts and prayers are with him." Sepp Blatter, President of FIFA, said on his personal Twitter page that he was shocked to hear <mask> was injured.He also sent his best wishes for his recovery. Street attack
In November 2020, <mask> was attacked by two thieves while they were trying to steal his gold necklace in Tehran. Police announced that the two thieves have been arrested a few days after they attacked <mask>. Autobiography
On 7 April 2008, <mask> announced that he had begun writing an autobiography, due to be released in March 2010, and that despite reflecting on "bitter and sweet memories" he stated he would "keep some of his secrets in his heart forever". The book has not yet been released. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals

<mask> was named the world's top scorer in official international competitions by the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS), having scored 20 goals in competitive matches for Iran in 1996, including his famous four-goal haul against South Korea in Asian Cup 1996. By the end of the 1996 Asian Cup, he had scored 29 goals in 38 appearances for Iran.In the 1998 World Cup qualifying campaign, he was again on top of the charts, scoring nine goals in 17 matches for Iran, reaching at that time, 38 goals in 52 appearances for his country. <mask> joined the exclusive circle of players with a century of caps. In a 28 November 2003 Asian Cup qualifier in Tehran against Lebanon, he scored his 85th international goal, elevating him past the Hungarian Ferenc Puskás to top the all-time list of scorers in international matches. On 17 November 2004, he scored four goals against Laos in a World Cup qualifier, giving him 102 goals and making him the first male player to score 100 goals in international play. He has 149 caps for Iran and, as of 13 September 2019, is ranked 28th among the world's most capped players list. players
Al Sadd SC players
Arminia Bielefeld players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Hertha BSC players
Al Shabab Al Arabi Club Dubai players
Saba players
Saipa F.C. players
Azadegan League players
Qatar Stars League players
Bundesliga players
UAE Pro League players
Persian Gulf Pro League players
Iranian football managers
Iran national football team managers
Persepolis F.C.managers
Saba Qom F.C. managers
Iranian businesspeople
FIFA Century Club
1996 AFC Asian Cup players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
2004 AFC Asian Cup players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
Sharif University of Technology alumni
Iranian Shia Muslims
Asian Games gold medalists for Iran
Asian Footballer of the Year winners
Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch alumni
Asian Games medalists in football
Footballers at the 1994 Asian Games
Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games
Footballers at the 2002 Asian Games
Recipients of the Order of Courage (Iran)
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
UNICEF Goodwill Ambassadors
Iranian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in the United Arab Emirates
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Iranian expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates

masks:
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Asgari
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Alishah
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daeiei
Alireza
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei
Ali Daei
Daei
Daei
Daei


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<mask> () was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving briefly as chancellor. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was from the Zhou capital Luoyang. He was said to be tall, good at hiding his emotions, but daring to speak. After passing the imperial examination, he was made the sheriff of Mingtang County (), one of the counties making up the western capital Chang'an. At that time, his father <mask> () was serving as the prefect of Yi Prefecture (易州, in modern Baoding, Hebei) and was accused of receiving bribes, a capital offense. <mask> went to see Wu Zetian's powerful nephew Wu Chengsi and offered to have his two younger sisters become Wu Chengsi's servant girls. <mask>'s sisters, after being delivered to Wu Chengsi's mansion, however, would not speak for three days, and he asked them why—and they responded, "Our father has violated the law and is set to be sentenced to death, and therefore we are worried."Wu Chengsi interceded on <mask>'s behalf, and <mask> was spared. Rise to prominence
In 697, <mask> heard that the official Liu Sili () had been involved in a treasonous plot to make another official, Qilian Yao (), emperor. He reported this to fellow sheriff Lai Junchen—a previously powerful secret service official who had been demoted—and let Lai report this to Wu Zetian. As a part of subsequent investigation ordered by Wu Zetian, 36 families were slaughtered. Lai then wanted to monopolize Wu Zetian's awards, and therefore began to accuse <mask> of crimes. When <mask> heard this, he made an emergency secret report to Wu Zetian, and when she summoned him to her presence, he defended himself. Therefore, while Lai became powerful again, <mask> was also promoted.Later that year, when Lai was accused of planning to falsely accuse the Wu clan imperial princes and Wu Zetian's daughter Princess Taiping, Princess Taiping and the Wu clan princes reported this to Wu Zetian, and she arrested him, but was not certain whether to execute him, as she believed that he had contributed to her reign. On an occasion when Wu Zetian was touring her garden, <mask> was attending to her, and she asked him whether there was anything unusual happening among the people. He pointed out that the people were surprised that, despite the serious crimes that Lai was accused of, Wu Zetian had not put him to death. Wu Zetian, accepting <mask>'s suggestion that Lai should be put to death, and did so. She also promoted <mask> to be an assistant censor. It was said that because <mask> was talented and full of strategies, Wu Zetian greatly trusted him as a strategist. As Wu Zetian's confidant
At this time, Wu Zetian's son Li Dan, a former emperor of the Tang Dynasty, which was interrupted by Wu Zetian's reign, was crown prince, but her nephews Wu Chengsi and Wu Sansi had designs on the position, and were constantly having their associates lobby for them, pointing out that no emperor had ever designated someone of a different clan as heir.<mask>, who was friendly with Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, advised them that they would be in desperate situations if Wu Zetian should die and suggested that they should suggest the return of Li Dan's older brother Li Zhe, the Prince of Luling, himself a former emperor whom Wu Zetian had deposed and exiled—something also advocated by the chancellors Di Renjie, Wang Fangqing, and <mask>shan. The Zhangs did so, and Wu Zetian, knowing that it was <mask> who had given them the idea, summoned <mask> and questioned him about it. At <mask>'s further urging, Wu Zetian agreed with the proposal and, in 698, recalled Li Zhe to the capital. Soon, Li Dan offered to yield the position of crown prince, and Wu Zetian created Li Zhe crown prince and changed his name to Li Xian. Also in 698, there was a major Eastern Tujue attack. Wu Zetian made <mask> the prefect of Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern Handan, Hebei), and placed him in charge of reviewing the affairs of the armies she sent against Eastern Tujue forces. <mask> initially declined the appointment, claiming that he knew nothing about military matters, and she responded, "The thieves [(i.e., the Eastern Tujue forces)] will be departing, and I want you to calm the people."During the campaign, <mask> observed that the people were glad to serve on the campaign when they heard that Li Xian had been nominally put in command of the army, and he told this to Wu Zetian, who in turn told him to publicize it to imperial officials. Because of this, the Wu clan imperial princes despised him. After the end of the campaign, there was an occasion when <mask> and Wu Yizong (), the Prince of Henan, a grandson of Wu Zetian's uncle Wu Shiyi (), were arguing over whose contributions during the Eastern Tujue campaign was greater—and during the argument, <mask>, who was tall and strong, physically imposed himself over Wu Yizong, who was short and bent in his stature, leading Wu Zetian to be displeased, commenting to herself, "<mask> even disrespects the Wus in my presence. After that certain day [(i.e., her death)], how can I depend on him?" Still, in 699, she made him an imperial attendant, along with Zhang Yizhi, Zhang Changzong, Tian Guidao (), <mask>u, <mask> <mask>, and Yuan Banqian (). She soon made him the deputy minister of civil service affairs (天官侍郎, Tianguan Shilang) and gave him the designation Tong Fengge Luantai Pinzhangshi (), making him a chancellor de facto. While he was serving as chancellor, Wu Zetian, still displeased over his disrespect for Wu Yizong, on an occasion when <mask> was reporting on matters of state and citing various historical incidents to support his argument, in order to frighten him, intentionally showed her anger, stating:

<mask>, in fear and sweating profusely, knelt and begged for forgiveness, and Wu Zetian did not take any actions against him at the time.Fall from power
However, the Wu clan princes, still despising <mask>, reported in 700 that <mask>'s younger brother had submitted false documentations in order to be made an official. As a result, <mask> was demoted to be the sheriff of Angu County (安固, in modern Wenzhou, Zhejiang). Before he departed, he had a last meeting with Wu Zetian, in which he wept and stated, "I am departing far from the palace gate, and I may never see Your Imperial Majesty again. However, I have some final words." Wu Zetian ordered him to sit down and asked him what he had to say. He said, "If clay and water are mixed into mud, do clay and water have any dispute with each other?" She responded, "Of course not."He then said, "If you divide the mud, taking one half and molding it into a Buddha, and taking the other half and molding it into a Tianzun, do they have a dispute with each other?" She responded, "Of course." <mask> then bowed and stated:

She responded, "I know this as well, but the situation is already like this, and there is nothing I can do." <mask> appeared to not have actually reported to Angu, but instead settled in Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), and died soon thereafter. His contribution to Tang Dynasty's restoration was not recognized until Li Dan was restored to the throne in 710 as Emperor Ruizong, and Emperor Ruizong posthumously honored him. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 186, part 1.New Book of Tang, vol. 117. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 206. Chancellors under Wu Zetian
700s deaths
Politicians from Luoyang
Year of birth unknown
Tang dynasty politicians from Henan

masks:
Ji Xu
Ji Xu
Ji Zhe
Ji Xu
Ji Xu
Ji Zhe
Ji Zhe
Ji Xu
Ji Xu
Ji Xu
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Wang Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji Xu
Li Jiongxi
Xue
Ji
Ji
Ji
Ji Xu
Ji
Ji Xu
Ji
Ji


texts:
Meyer Harris "<mask>" <mask> (September 4, 1913 – July 29, 1976) was an American gangster, boxer and entrepreneur based in Los Angeles during the mid-20th century. Early life
<mask> was born on September 4, 1913, in New York City to Jewish parents from Eastern Europe. <mask>'s parents immigrated to the USA from Kiev. He was raised in New York City, before moving with his mother and siblings, at an early age, to Boyle Heights, Los Angeles. Aged 8, he earned money as a newsboy, selling newspapers on the street. One of his brothers, either Louie or Harry, would drop <mask> off at his regular corner, Soto and Brooklyn Streets (now Cesar E. Chavez Avenue). In 1922, his petty crimes landed <mask> in reform school.Boxing career
As a teenager, <mask> began boxing in illegal prizefights in Los Angeles. In 1929, the 15-year-old moved from Los Angeles to Cleveland, Ohio, to train as a professional boxer with the alias of 'Irish <mask>'. His first professional boxing match was on April 8, 1930, against Patsy Farr in Cleveland. It was one of the preliminary fights on the card for the Paul Pirrone versus Jimmy Goodrich feature bout. In a match on June 12, 1931, <mask> fought and lost against future world featherweight champion Tommy Paul. <mask> was knocked out cold after 2:20 into the first round. It was during this round he earned the moniker "Gangster <mask>".On April 11, 1933, <mask> fought against Chalky Wright in Los Angeles. Wright won the match, and <mask> was incorrectly identified as "<mask> from Denver, Colorado" in the Los Angeles Times sports page report. His last fight was on May 14, 1933, against Baby Arizmendi in Tijuana, Mexico. He finished his career at 8-8 and 5 draws -8 wins, 2 by knockout, 8 losses, 4 losses by knockout and 5 draws. Criminal career
In Cleveland, <mask> met Lou Rothkopf, an associate of gangster Moe Dalitz. <mask> later moved to New York, where he became an associate of labor racketeer Johnny Dio's brother, Tommy Dioguardi, and with Owney Madden. Finally, <mask> went to Chicago, where he ran a gambling operation for the Chicago Outfit, Al Capone's powerful criminal organization.Prohibition and the Chicago Outfit

During Prohibition, <mask> moved to Chicago and became involved in organized crime, working as an enforcer for the Chicago Outfit, where he briefly met Al Capone. During this period, <mask> was arrested for his role in the deaths of several gangsters in a card game. After a brief time in prison, <mask> was released and began running card games and other illegal gambling operations. He later became an associate of Capone's younger brother, Mattie Capone. While working for Jake Guzik, <mask> was forced to flee Chicago after an argument with a rival gambler. In Cleveland, <mask> worked once more for Lou Rothkopf, an associate of Meyer Lansky and Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. However, there was little work available for <mask> in Cleveland, so Lansky and Rothkopf arranged for <mask> to work with Siegel in Los Angeles.From syndicate bodyguard to Sunset Strip kingpin
In 1939, being sent there by Meyer Lansky and Lou Rothkopf, <mask> arrived in Los Angeles to work under Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. During their association, <mask> helped set up the Flamingo Hotel in Las Vegas and ran its sports book operation. He also was instrumental in setting up the race wire, which was essential to Vegas betting. During this time, <mask> met prostitute Lavonne Weaver (working alias Simoni King), and the couple married in 1940. In 1947, the crime families ordered the murder of Siegel due to his mismanagement of the Flamingo Hotel Casino, most likely because Siegel or his girlfriend Virginia Hill was skimming money. According to one account which does not appear in newspapers, <mask> reacted violently to Siegel's murder. Entering the Hotel Roosevelt, where he believed the killers were staying, <mask> fired rounds from his two .45 caliber semi-automatic handguns into the lobby ceiling and demanded that the assassins meet him outside in 10 minutes.However, no one appeared, and <mask> was forced to flee when the police arrived. <mask>'s violent methods came to the attention of state and federal authorities investigating Jack Dragna's operations. During this time, <mask> faced many attempts on his life, including the bombing of his home on posh Moreno Avenue in Brentwood. <mask> soon converted his house into a fortress, installing floodlights, alarm systems, and a well-equipped arsenal kept, as he often joked, next to his 200 tailor-made suits. <mask> briefly hired bodyguard Johnny Stompanato before Stompanato was killed in 1958 by Cheryl Crane, the daughter of actress Lana Turner. <mask> covered the expense for Stompanato's funeral and then gave Turner's love letters to Stompanato to the press—an attempt to discredit the worst allegations of threats and violence that Crane had alleged she suffered at the hands of the violent, womanizing Stompanato. Later years
In 1950, <mask> was investigated along with many other underworld figures by a U.S. Senate committee known as the Kefauver Commission.As a result of this investigation, <mask> was convicted of tax evasion in June 1951 and sentenced to prison for four years. Ben Hecht stated in his autobiography, A Child of the Century, that <mask> called him to say he wanted to do his part in helping Hecht raise money to support Menachem Begin's Irgun in its activities. <mask> called together a parlor meeting of people who did business with him and had Hecht address them on the importance of the cause. Each person was then asked to call out a sum he would donate. In some cases, <mask> told a donor "that's not enough," and they upped the pledge. Later, when <mask> was arrested, he called Hecht from prison to ask if he had access to some cash to help with his bail. When Hecht apologized, <mask> politely said goodbye, and they never spoke again.When he was released in October 1955, he became an international celebrity. He ran floral shops, paint stores, nightclubs, casinos, gas stations, a men's haberdashery, and even drove an ice cream van on San Vicente Boulevard in the Brentwood section of Los Angeles, according to author Richard Lamparski. In 1957, TIME magazine wrote a  brief article about <mask>'s meeting with Billy Graham. <mask> said: "I am very high on the Christian way of life. Billy came up, and before we had food he said—What do you call it, that thing they say before food? Grace? Yeah, grace.Then we talked a lot about Christianity and stuff." Allegedly when <mask> did not change his lifestyle, he was confronted by Christian acquaintances. His response: "Christian football players, Christian cowboys, Christian politicians; why not a Christian gangster?" In 1961, <mask> was again convicted of tax evasion and sent to Alcatraz. He was the only prisoner ever bailed out of Alcatraz; his bond was signed by U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice Earl Warren. After his appeals failed, <mask> was sent to a federal prison in Atlanta, Georgia. His heavily armored Cadillac from this period was confiscated by the Los Angeles Police Department and is now on display at the Southward Car Museum in New Zealand.On August 14, 1963, during his time at the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, inmate Burl Estes McDonald attempted to kill <mask> with a lead pipe. In 1972, <mask> was released from the Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, where he had spoken out against prison abuse. He had been misdiagnosed with an ulcer, which turned out to be stomach cancer. After undergoing surgery, he continued touring the United States and made television appearances, once with Ramsey Clark. <mask>, who was 62, died of complications from stomach cancer surgery in July 1976, and is interred in the Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. In popular culture and media

Films
In the film Bugsy (1991), <mask> is portrayed by actor Harvey Keitel. Keitel received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.In the film L.A. Confidential (1997), based on James Ellroy's 1990 novel, <mask> is portrayed by actor Paul Guilfoyle in a bit part but is a major influence throughout the rest of the movie. In the film Gangster Squad (2013), <mask> is portrayed by actor Sean Penn and is the main antagonist of the film, portrayed as a sadistic and cruel man who enjoys murder and intends to expand his criminal enterprises to other major cities in the United States. The film shows a fictionalized version of <mask>'s downfall: <mask> is beaten in a fistfight and arrested by the LAPD for murdering one of his subordinates, when he was actually imprisoned for tax evasion. Also, he is sentenced to life imprisonment, when in real life, <mask> was eventually released from custody and died of stomach cancer. It was also intimated at the end of the film that <mask> was beaten to death with a lead pipe when he was sent to Alcatraz by acquaintances of the man he killed. In the film The Lincoln Lawyer (2011), the protagonist, Michael Haller, played by actor Matthew McConaughey, owns a pistol said to have been owned by <mask>, and given to him by Haller's father after he successfully defended <mask> in a murder case.Games
Patrick Fischler lends his voice and likeness to play <mask> in the 2011 video game L.A. Noire (set in 1947), who is involved in a few cases while working the Vice desk. Literature
In James Ellroy's L.A. Quartet book series, <mask> plays a major supporting role in three of the novels: The Big Nowhere (1988), L.A. Confidential (1990) and White Jazz (1992). In retired newspaperman Howard Scott Williams' 2017 memoir The Gangster's Butler, recounting stories he reported on from 1948 to 1976, he recounts posing as a butler for <mask> in order get information for a story. Television
 In Frank Darabont's television series Mob City, <mask> is portrayed by Jeremy Luke. References

Additional sources
Davies, Lloyd G., Los Angeles City Council member, 1943–51, questioned police wiretaps on <mask>
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000.Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. Cops, Crooks, and Criminologists: An International Biographical Dictionary of Law Enforcement. Updated edition. New York: Checkmark Books, 2000. Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia. New York: Facts on File, 2005.Sifakis, Carl. The Encyclopedia of American Crime. New York: Facts on File, 2001. Further reading
Ed Clark, "Trouble in Los Angeles", Life, 1950
Nugent, John Peer. <mask>, In My Own Words: The Underworld Autobiography of <mask> <mask>, As Told To John Peer Nugent (Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1975)
Kelly, Robert J. Encyclopedia of Organized Crime in the United States (Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2000)
Phillips, Charles and Alan Axelrod. Cops, Crooks, and Criminologists: An International Biographical Dictionary of Law Enforcement, Updated Edition (New York: Checkmark Books, 2000)
Sifakis, Carl. The Mafia Encyclopedia (New York: Facts on File, 2005)
Steve Stevens and Craig Lockwood, King of the Sunset Strip: Hangin' With <mask> and the Hollywood Mob (Cumberland House Publishing, 2006)
F. Murray, "The Charmed Life of M. <mask>", Front Page Detective, 1966, 30(3):44–45, 63.Lewis, Brad. Hollywood's Celebrity Gangster: The Incredible Life and Times of <mask> (New York: Enigma Books, 2007) , . George A. Day, JUANITA DALE SLUSHER alias CANDY BARR (ERBE Publishing Company, 2008 )
United States Treasury Department, Bureau of Narcotics, Mafia: The Government's Secret File on Organized Crime (Skyhorse Publishing, 2009)
Tereba, Tere. <mask>: The Life and Crimes of L.A.'s Notorious Mobster (ECW Press, May 1, 2012)

 Piper, Michael Collins, "Final judgment: The missing link in the JFK assassination conspiracy" (Wolfe Press 1995)

External links

Benny's Shadow: All about <mask> by Mark Gribben
Recollections of <mask> on the Los Angeles Times' Daily Mirror blog
Biography of <mask> - Biography.com
Time, April 15, 1957

 Beyond 'Gangster Squad': The Real <mask>, by Tere Tereba

1913 births
1976 deaths
American crime bosses
American people convicted of tax crimes
Burials at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from stomach cancer
Jewish American gangsters
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Inmates of Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
People from Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
Jewish boxers
Featherweight boxers
American male boxers
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
Boxers from New York City
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Mickey
Cohen
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Cohen
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Mickey
Cohen
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Mickey
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Death Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Cohen
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Mickey Cohen
Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Cohen
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Mickey Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Michael Mickey
Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Mickey Cohen
Mickey Cohen
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Mickey Cohen