texts:
<mask>. (born January 8, 1978) is an American former professional stock car racing driver. He formerly competed in the NASCAR Nextel Cup Series, Nationwide Series, and Camping World Truck Series. Early career
When he was 15 years old, he found a Ford Pinto in his driveway as a gift from his father (2004 NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series Champion <mask>). They fixed up the car, and <mask> began racing it on weekends at the local speedway. In 1998, he moved to the ARCA series where he earned four top-5 finishes in five races. 1998–2001
In 1998, <mask> began to run some Busch Series races for the Sadler Brothers Racing No. 95 team.He made his debut at Rockingham in October, where he started in 27th position. He led four laps and finished 37th, three laps off the lead. He also made the race at Atlanta, had a 19th place start and 20th-place finish. <mask> and the No. 95 Shoney's Inn team entered 1999 with a part-time schedule. In four races with the team, his best start was 6th at Daytona, and his best finishes were 27th at Rockingham and Darlington. He did not race again until the Hensley Motorsports No.63 Exxon Superflo team had an opening. He ran six of the next seven races, beginning at Watkins Glen. In that seat, he set his best career finish of 21st at Pikes Peak. <mask> then moved over to the No. 22 Air Jamaica Team owned by Carroll Racing. He qualified for all the races he attempted, and matched his career best start of 6th at Charlotte. At Homestead-Miami <mask> started 15th and finished 9th.<mask> got a full-time ride with Carroll in 2000, driving the newly formed No. 26 Chevy, with sponsorship from Baywatch. <mask> had three top-10s in 2000, with a fourth at Talladega, and a pair of sevenths at Charlotte and Memphis. <mask> also won his first career pole in the season finale at Homestead-Miami. He finished 19th in points. During the Homestead weekend in 2000, he made his Winston Cup Series debut at that track, driving the No. 57 Chevrolet owned by his father.He finished 33rd in that race, six laps down. He drove the No. 01 Coors Light Chevrolet for SABCO Racing the following week to a 31st-place finish. <mask> returned to Carroll had a pair of 5th at Darlington and Rockingham in 2001. He also added three other top-10s, and won another pole at Fontana in addition to starting in the top-10 for half the races. After finishing 17th in points, he left the team. He made his Truck Series debut that year at The Milwaukee Mile in the No.4 Dana Dodge Ram for BHR, but exited early due to a transmission failure. He also ran three races in the No. 33 Oakwood Homes Chevy for Andy Petree Racing as a teammate to his father, filling in for the injured Joe Nemechek. He also ran seven Cup races late in the season for Morgan-McClure Motorsports, driving the No. 4 Kodak Chevy to three top-twenty finishes. 2002–2006

In 2002, <mask> joined Team Rensi Motorsports to drive the No. 25 United States Marine Corps-sponsored Ford Taurus.He won his first career race at New Hampshire and finished eighth in points. He also had his first top-five finish in the Truck Series at Nashville Superspeedway, finishing seventh in his father's Square D entry. He had his statistically career-best season in 2003, where he won four Busch Series races and finished fourth in the final standings. He also partnered with Rensi to run some races at the Winston Cup level, his best finish being a 14th at Kansas Speedway in the No. 35 Marines Ford. <mask> returned to Rensi in 2004, but did not win a race. He competed in six Nextel Cup events for Phoenix Racing in the No.09 Miccosukee Indian Gambling-sponsored Dodge, and had a best finish of seventeenth. He also drove three times in the Truck Series, winning a pole in his father's No. 04 truck, as well as running twice for HT Motorsports. After 23 Busch races, he left Rensi to move up to the Nextel level, driving the No. 32 Tide-sponsored Chevrolet for PPI Motorsports. He was given the full-time ride for 2005, but struggled immensely, failing to qualify three times and not finishing any higher than 11th. After driving two events in equipment leased from Front Row Motorsports, <mask> was let go from PPI at the end of the season.Without a full-time ride, <mask> moved to the Truck Series, leasing equipment from the No. 08 team owned by Green Light Racing, and running with Corky's Ribs and BBQ sponsorship. After three races, it was announced that his father had been diagnosed with head and neck cancer, and <mask> was deemed his replacement in the No. 18 Fastenal-sponsored Dodge. He won the pole in his first race in the truck, but only mustered a 16th-place finish in points, as well as dealing with conflicts within the family-run organization. His attempt to run the 2006 Allstate 400 at the Brickyard at the Cup level also failed. Following his father's death on January 7, 2007, <mask> was expected to take over ownership of the team; however, he was not part of the management named by the team's backers the following month.The team eventually closed down in 2008. 2007–present

In 2007, <mask> returned to the Busch Series and Team Rensi, this time driving the #35 McDonald's Ford. He had three top-ten finishes and finished sixth in the final standings. After his #35 team folded in 2008, he moved back to the #25 car with Smithfield Foods sponsoring for thirty races. Despite missing two road course events, <mask> had two top-tens and finished fifteenth in points. The team was ready to close near the end of the season when Smithfield's sponsorship ended, but <mask> funded the team out of his own pocket for the final few races of the season to keep the team going. He also purchased a small portion of the Sadler Brothers team for whom he had begun his career, allowing them to run a limited schedule in the Nationwide and ARCA RE/MAX Series.Before the 2009 season, <mask> purchased a small portion of Rensi Motorsports and merged his own operation with the team, forming the new Rensi-Hamilton Racing operation. The #25 team lacked the sponsorship to run <mask>, and he subsequently drove Randy MacDonald's #81 Dodge for a limited schedule. <mask> returned to the Truck Series in 2010 for Rick Ware and also ran at Nashville Superspeedway in 2011 with Ware in their #1 truck. After two years away from major-league racing, <mask> returned to the track in 2014, signing with Carter 2 Motorsports to drive the team's No. 40 Dodge full-time in the ARCA Racing Series; however before his first race with the team, he was released. In 2015, <mask> resigned with Carter 2 Motorsports to compete in the 2015 ARCA season. In 2016 <mask> started Hamilton-Hughes Racing, with none of the three cars entered at Daytona making the field.By the end of May, cars from Hamilton-Hughes Racing were no longer showing up to the track. Most recently <mask> is facing lawsuits from multiple drivers and the team has been evicted from its Russellville, KY shop. Other ventures
<mask> replaced his father in 2006 as co-host of "The Driver's Zone" on WGFX 104.5 The Zone in Nashville with Liz Hackett, the remarried widow of Davey Allison, who uses her first husband's surname on the radio show. <mask> and wife Stephanie own the Courthouse Cafe in Springfield, Tennessee. In December 2009, <mask> purchased Highland Rim Speedway, located in Ridgetop, Tennessee; the track was where he had competed in his first race. In late 2010, <mask> was accused of pulling a gun on a competitor at the track during a dispute; <mask> stated he legally possessed the weapon and believed he was being threatened. No charges were filed in the case.In April 2011, <mask> and fellow driver Chad Chaffin acquired a two-year contract for the rights to operate Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway in Nashville, Tennessee. In November 2011, however, they were found by the Nashville State Fair to be in default on their obligations, and in April 2012, <mask> was named in a lawsuit by Nashville for unpaid obligations related to the contract. <mask> had declared bankruptcy that January, and the Highland Rim track was sold at public auction in February. Personal life
<mask> currently resides in Greenbrier, Tennessee, with his wife Stephanie and a daughter. Motorsports career results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.)Nextel Cup Series

Nationwide Series

Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series points

Notes and references

External links

Living people
1978 births
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
Racing drivers from Tennessee
NASCAR drivers
NASCAR team owners
ARCA Menards Series drivers

masks:
Charles Robert Hamilton Jr
Bobby Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Bobby
Bobby
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born February 20, 1993) is a Curaçaoan professional baseball infielder and outfielder for the San Diego Padres of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has previously played for the Texas Rangers and the Oakland Athletics. Early years
<mask> participated in both the 2004 and 2005 Little League World Series. He helped the Pabao Little League team from Willemstad, Curaçao beat the Conejo Valley East Little League team from Thousand Oaks, California to win the championship in 2004. He helped lead the team to the championship game again in 2005, but this team lost to West Oahu Little League from Ewa Beach, Hawaii. Professional career

Minor Leagues
<mask> signed with the Texas Rangers on July 2, 2009. Other teams wanted to sign <mask> as a pitcher, but the Rangers signed him as a shortstop, his preferred position.He spent his first professional season in 2010 playing for the Spokane Indians. He hit .250 with four home runs and 23 runs batted in in 63 games. Prior to the 2011 season, <mask> was ranked by Baseball America as the Texas Rangers second best overall prospect and the 74th best overall. He played the 2011 season for the Hickory Crawdads. He was selected to represent the Rangers at the 2011 All-Star Futures Game. Baseball America ranked him as the 12th best prospect in baseball during their midseason top 50 list. He finished the season hitting .286/.390/.493 with 12 home runs and 65 runs batted in and was named the South Atlantic League MVP.He was named the shortstop on Baseball America's 2011 Minor League All Star team. He was named to appear in the 2012 All-Star Futures Game. Texas Rangers

2012–2013
On August 31, 2012, <mask> was called up to the Rangers as major league rosters expanded and as a possible postseason addition. He is the first player born in 1993 to play in the majors and was the youngest player active in the major leagues. In his major league debut, <mask> started at second base in place of Ian Kinsler, who was out due to back stiffness, and hit a 388-foot solo home run off of Zach McAllister in his first major league at bat. He then later doubled in his second at-bat, and went 2 for 4 for the game. In 9 games, Profar batted .176 with a home run and two runs batted in.while playing five games at second base and three games at shortstop. Profar started the 2013 season in Triple-A Round Rock. In May 2013, the Rangers called up Profar while putting Kinsler on the 15-day disabled list. In a May 26 game at Seattle, he hit his second career home run off Hisashi Iwakuma while batting leadoff for the first time in his major league career. In 88 games, <mask> batted .234 with six home runs and 26 RBI. He played four positions in 2013 with shortstop, second base, third base, and left field while also serving as the designated hitter for 20 games. 2014–2016
After the 2013 season, the Rangers traded Kinsler, anticipating that Profar would become the Rangers' starting second baseman.<mask> started the 2014 season on the 60-day disabled list, and wasn't expected to make a return until mid-June. On May 22, the Rangers organization announced <mask> had reinjured his shoulder, and as a result missed the entire 2014 season. On February 23, 2015, <mask> underwent surgery on his shoulder and missed the entire 2015 season. After missing a total of two seasons due to the shoulder injury, <mask> was optioned to the team's Triple-A affiliate Round Rock Express on March 21, 2016. On May 27, 2016, the Rangers called <mask> up to the majors as a replacement for second baseman Rougned Odor, who was suspended by the MLB for seven games for punching the Toronto Blue Jays' José Bautista. <mask> went 1-for-5 in his return against the Pittsburgh Pirates the same day. He hit his first home run of the season on May 31, 2016, against the Cleveland Indians.His performance during Odor's suspension earned him a regular roster spot. By June, Hanser Alberto was optioned back to Round Rock. He played five positions in the field (left field, shortstop, first base, second base, and third base) while also serving as the designated hitter for six games. 2017–2018
In 2017, Profar lost playing time in left field to Ryan Rua and Delino DeShields Jr. In 2018, Profar made the Rangers' major league roster out of spring training as a utility infielder. On April 16, Profar left the game after being upended after a slide. Profar was placed on concussion protocol shortly thereafter.In his first full season at the Major League level, Profar hit .254/.335/.458 with 20 homeruns, while appearing as a left fielder, shortstop, first baseman, second baseman, and third baseman. Profar was named the 2018 Richard Durrett Hardest Working Man Award winner by the DFW chapter of the BBWAA. Oakland Athletics

On December 21, 2018, the Rangers traded <mask> to the Oakland Athletics in a three-team deal in which the Rangers acquired Brock Burke, Kyle Bird, Yoel Espinal, Eli White, and $750,000 of international signing bonus pool space and the Tampa Bay Rays acquired Emilio Pagan, Rollie Lacy, and a competitive balance pick in the 2019 MLB draft. The Athletics played Profar almost exclusively at second base to fill the void left by free agent Jed Lowrie. After struggling on defense and to keep his batting average above .200, <mask> was relegated to a platoon role when the Athletics called up Corban Joseph. On defense in 2019, he had a -10 Defensive Runs Saved (DRS) rating, the lowest in the major leagues among second basemen. San Diego Padres
On December 2, 2019, the Athletics traded <mask> to the San Diego Padres in exchange for Austin Allen and a player to be named later or cash considerations.In 2020 for the Padres, <mask> slashed .278/.343/.428 with seven home runs and 25 RBI in 56 games. He played 39 games in the outfield while playing second base for 17 games and first base once. On January 27, 2021, <mask> re-signed with the Padres on a three-year, $21 million contract. International career
After Team Netherlands advanced to the semi-finals for the 2013 World Baseball Classic, manager Hensley Meulens made a public plea to have <mask> on the Dutch roster since Profar was born in Curacao. The Rangers gave permission for Profar to be on the roster shortly after. Profar played during the 2017 World Baseball Classic as an infielder for the national team. Personal life
Profar has two brothers.Juremi was signed by the Rangers in 2012 and currently plays for the Bravos de León in the Mexican League. Both of them, as well as the youngest brother Jurdrick, have represented Curacao in the Little League World Series. See also

List of Major League Baseball players with a home run in their first major league at bat

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Curaçao expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dutch people of Curaçao descent
Frisco RoughRiders players
Hickory Crawdads players
Major League Baseball infielders
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball players from Curaçao
Oakland Athletics players
People from Willemstad
Round Rock Express players
San Diego Padres players
Spokane Indians players
Texas Rangers players
Tigres del Licey players
Curaçao expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2017 World Baseball Classic players

masks:
Jurickson Barthelomeus Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar
Profar


texts:
<mask> (born October 31, 1982) is a Canadian actor. He began his career in 2001 with a brief appearance in the musical comedy Josie and the Pussycats, and had his breakthrough role as Robbie Ferrier in the blockbuster War of the Worlds (2005). Shortly afterwards, Chatwin headlined studio films such as The Invisible (2007) and Dragonball Evolution (2009), which is based on the Japanese manga Dragon Ball. In the 2010s, Chatwin acted mostly in independent films. He starred as rock star idol Bobby Shore in the surreal sci-fi musical Bang Bang Baby (2014), which earned him a Canadian Screen Awards nomination for Best Supporting Actor, and appeared in the romantic comedy Unleashed (2016), and drama Summer Night (2019). Throughout the 2000s, Chatwin made guest appearances in several television series including Weeds and Lost, later being cast in his first regular role on the Showtime comedy-drama Shameless, portraying Jimmy Lishman between 2011 and 2015. Chatwin starred as a cartoonist in the CBS murder mystery drama American Gothic (2016), and also that year he appeared as superhero Grant Gordon / The Ghost in the Doctor Who Christmas special "The Return of Doctor Mysterio".From 2019 to 2021, Chatwin played scientist Erik Wallace in Netflix's Another Life. An extreme sports and adventure enthusiast, he has a passion for motorcycles and travelling. Chatwin's journey from Vancouver to Patagonia on motorcycle was depicted in the documentary series No Good Reason (2020), which he also executive produced. Early life
Chatwin was born in Nanaimo, British Columbia. His mother, Suzanne (née Halsall), is an artist, and his father, Brian, is an engineer who started in 1982 Chatwin Engineering in Canada, acting as President and CEO. His late grandfather was of French-Canadian ancestry. Chatwin's parents divorced in 2010.He has a younger sister named Brianna, who works as a professional tattoo artist. They were raised Catholic. After graduating from high school, Chatwin followed in his father's footsteps and began to study engineering at the University of British Columbia, but after one week he switched to commerce. He dropped out after one semester. In 2001, he took the first step in breaking into the movie business, auditioning for a Canadian TV series on a dare, ultimately being called back and hired: "I was dared by a friend to go on an audition for a TV show in Canada. I took the dare, not knowing what I was getting into." Chatwin moved to Los Angeles in 2005, renting an apartment with Noel Fisher.Briefly before this, he lived for a month in a travel trailer with a friend, stating, "We didn't have girlfriends; we were reading Kerouac and Ginsberg, driving up to the desert, walking in the dunes, and showering at 24 Hour Fitness. It was an exciting time, but would I do it again? No." Career

2001–2004: Career beginnings
Chatwin made his debut in the musical comedy Josie and the Pussycats (2001), in which he played an enthusiastic fan. The film, based on the Archie Comics series and the Hanna-Barbera cartoon of the same name, was a commercial failure upon its initial release, but has enjoyed later success as a cult film. Soon after, Chatwin starred as John Spencer in the two-part miniseries Christy, Choices of the Heart. He went on to guest-star in several television series such as Smallville, Mysterious Ways, Night Visions, Just Cause, Glory Days, Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction and Taken, playing also a juvenile delinquent in the television film The Incredible Mrs. Ritchie (2003), directed by Paul Johansson.One year later, Chatwin had minor supporting roles in two unsuccessful movies: he played an aspiring guitarist murdered by a serial killer who takes on the identities of his victims in D. J. Caruso's psychological thriller Taking Lives, which is adapted from the novel of the same name by Michael Pye, and starred in the family-oriented comedy  Superbabies: Baby Geniuses 2, a sequel to the 1999 film Baby Geniuses, as a helper and friend of the title characters. Like its predecessor, the feature is considered one of the worst films of all time, receiving an approval rating of 0% on Rotten Tomatoes. In 2004, Chatwin gained recognition for his role as Tyler McKay in the three-part miniseries Traffic, and starred opposite Kate Mara in The WB pilot Prodigy, about a child prodigy. 2005–2010: Breakthrough and film work
Chatwin was chosen out of several young actors to play Tom Cruise's rebellious adolescent son in the alien invasion film War of the Worlds (2005), directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the 1898 novel by H. G. Wells. It was a commercial success, grossing $603 million worldwide against a $132 million budget, and garnered generally favorable reviews. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle considered the film "meticulously detailed and expertly paced and photographed", Roger Ebert however called it "just a big, clunky movie containing some sensational sights but lacking the zest and joyous energy we expect from Spielberg". Ebert also found the human characters as being "one-dimensional".Chatwin's performance in War of the Worlds earned him the 'Breakthrough of the Year' award from Hollywood Life Magazine. In 2005, he also starred as teenage drug dealer Billy Peck in the black comedy The Chumscrubber, alongside Camilla Belle and Jamie Bell. Arie Posin's directorial debut about a group of superficial parents and young adults who are living in a seemingly perfect suburbia, had the world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 25, and was released theatrically on August 5, earning $351,401 on a production budget of $10 million. The film was poorly received by critics; writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers opined that it was "an appallingly clumsy and stupid take on drugs, kidnapping and suicide in suburbia". Although Keith Phipps from The A.V. Club praised Posin's technical direction and the cast's acting skills, he wrote that the film still fell "flat on its face". Later that year, Chatwin played the troubled homosexual son of Kevin Nealon's character in the Showtime series Weeds, appearing only in the pilot episode and the series finale.The following year, Chatwin guest-starred as the undercover cop Eddie Colburn on the ABC drama series Lost. At that time, he was attached to star in and produce a film adaptation of Michael Turner's novel The Pornographer's Poem (1999), which was set to be directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik. In 2006, Chatwin made his off-Broadway debut in Trip Cullman's play Dark Matters at the Rattlestick Playwrights Theater, which is about a dysfunctional family, whose limits are pushed when the mother goes missing and suddenly reappears, talking about strange visions and extraterrestrial life. He starred as Jeremy Cleary, the eccentric, but intelligent 16-year-old son of Michael (Reed Birney) and Bridget (Elizabeth Marvel). The play ran from November 10 to December 22. In 2007, Chatwin landed his first leading role in The Invisible, a remake of the Swedish film Den Osynlige. David S. Goyer's supernatural thriller centers on high school senior Nick Powell, who is brutally beaten and left in an intermediate state.Chatwin liked the script because "it’s about all these polar opposites – life and death, love and hate – and also about the idea that when you think something is black or white, you might suddenly find that there’s gray to it". The film underperformed at the box office, grossing $26 million worldwide on a $30 million budget, and was also poorly received by critics; John Campea noticed complexity and a "subtle strength" in Chatwin's performance, writing, "nothing really ever went over the top, nor did he ever come off as forced", but criticized the feature for its "lack of depth" and "dramatic tension". Also in 2007, he returned to the stage to act in Jamie Wollrab’s The Mistakes Madeline Made at the Dairy Arts Center in Boulder, Colorado. The storyline follows Edna (Shannon Woodward), a young woman who develops ablutophobia, a fear of bathing. Chatwin plays Wilson, the protagonist's co-worker, "with lots of nervous energy, and generates laughs along the way" according to one critic. Next, Chatwin was cast in Middle of Nowhere (2008), a coming-of-age drama directed by John Stockwell, also starring Anton Yelchin and Eva Amurri. The independent film had its world premiere on September 6 at the Toronto International Film Festival, followed by a straight-to-DVD release two years later.In 2009, <mask> portrayed Goku in Dragonball Evolution, the first big-screen adaptation of the popular Japanese Dragon Ball manga by Akira Toriyama. He described the role as the most physically demanding he had ever played, as he had to train in martial arts and adopt a strict diet with no sugar and carbohydrates. The film was critically panned on release; writing for Slant Magazine, Rob Humanick stated that filmmakers "made no effort to craft a cinematic context in which its mythology can function", while Ross Miller of the Screen Rant considered it "a badly written film with horrible dialogue, lackluster action and a sense of fun that's nowhere to be found". Miller also felt that Chatwin was "completely miscast" as Goku. The feature performed poorly at the box office, grossing $56 million worldwide against a budget of $30 million, as a result, all the plans for a potential franchise were canceled. In the same year, Chatwin teamed up again with Jamie Wollrab for John Markland's three-person play Red Light Winter at the Dairy Arts Center, during Boulder International Fringe Festival. Written by Adam Rapp, the story focuses on two friends, Matt (Wollrab) and Davis (Chatwin), who are caught in a love triangle with Christina (Anna Rose Hopkins), a young prostitute they encounter in Amsterdam.2011–2020: Television and films balance

In December 2009, Chatwin was filming the Showtime pilot Shameless, an adaptation of Paul Abbott's British series, starring opposite William H. Macy and Emmy Rossum (with whom he also starred in Dragonball Evolution). Receiving the green-light next spring, the 12-episode season began airing in January 2011. Over the course of three years, Chatwin portrayed Jimmy Lishman / Steve Wilton, Rossum's love interest, a car thief who comes from a wealthy family. Chatwin made a brief appearance in the fourth season finale, and returned in the fifth season as a special guest star. The show received mostly positive reviews and Chatwin was praised for bringing "the right vibe of scruffy determination" to his role, doing "an excellent job playing a character you can love or hate from week to week". He was also praised for his "very intense and intimate chemistry" with Rossum. During an interview, when asked about one of show's most controversial aspects, the frequent use of sex and nudity, Chatwin said:

Although during the early years Chatwin starred mostly in studio films, his work in the 2010s consisted primarily in independent feature films.Those usually premiered first at various film festivals before benefiting from a day-and-date release in select theaters and through video-on-demand or streaming services. In 2011, he starred in the canadian film Funkytown, working with Patrick Huard and Paul Doucet. Helmed by Daniel Roby and set in Montreal, the feature follows a group of characters and the events that changed their lives during the disco era. He plays Tino DeiFiori, a young italian dancer who is living a secret life. Chatwin was drawn to the part because he "haven’t danced a day" in his life: "I’m the guy who sits in the corner at the club and doesn’t move". Funkytown was released straight-to-dvd in the United States in 2012. In 2011, he also starred in a short film, Brink, written and directed by Shawn Christensen, who was accepted at Tribeca Film Festival, being nominated at the "Best Narrative Short" category.In 2013, Chatwin made an appearance in the third season of The Listener, and featured in the documentary Isolated, written and directed by <mask> Pera, about a group of surfers in search of untouched waves. Ryan Phillippe served as narrator and executive producer. Chatwin subsequently appeared as rock star Bobby Shore in Jeffrey St. Jules' sci-fi musical set in the 1960s Bang Bang Baby (2014), with co-stars Jane Levy and Peter Stormare. Levy stars as Stepphy, a teenage girl who believes her dreams of becoming a famous singer will come true after an encounter with his character, which was based on Vanilla Ice, <mask> and Elvis Presley. Bang Bang Baby won the award for Best Canadian First Feature Film at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival, and garnered also two nominations at the third edition of Canadian Screen Awards, for Best Supporting Actor (Chatwin) and Best Overall Sound. In her review, Linda Barnard of Toronto Star wrote that Chatwin "is fun as Bobby", while The Young Folks critic Josh Cabrita thought he "perfectly balances celebrity charm, self-absorption, and wooden caricature". The romantic comedy No Stranger Than Love (2015), with Alison Brie and Colin Hanks, closed the 16th annual Newport Beach Film Festival.He plays a sensitive poet who is looking for an unfaithful man trapped in a black hole. Upon its wider release the following summer, the film received negative reviews, with one

masks:
Justin Chatwin
Chatwin
Justin Le
Justin Bieber


texts:
 critic opine that it has "a whole lot of nothing where there should be metaphor, playfulness, all that juicy, enigmatic, magical-realism". Also in 2015, Chatwin portrayed a troubled man desperate to retrieve his bike in the short film The Cycle, and recorded the audio version of Celeritas, a screenplay who featured on 2014 Black List. Chatwin starred as a detective who hunts down a breed of flesh eating criminals in the TNT pilot Breed (2015), and also that year, he secured a recurring role in the third season of Orphan Black, opposite Tatiana Maslany and Kristian Bruun. The following year, Chatwin landed the role of cartoonist Cameron Hawthorne in the CBS summer series American Gothic, working with Antony Starr, Virginia Madsen and Megan Ketch. The drama about a white-collar family who suspect that one of its members might be a serial killer, received mixed reviews from critics, and underperformed in the ratings, as a result, CBS cancelled the show after one season. Later that year, Chatwin portrayed superhero Grant Gordon / The Ghost on the BBC science fiction series Doctor Who in 2016 Christmas special "The Return of Doctor Mysterio".The episode pays homage to the comic book films, using also the theme of secret identity, his character being modeled by the screenwriter Steven Moffat as a cross between Christopher Reeve's Superman and Tobey Maguire's Spider-Man. Vulture critic Ross Ruediger praised Chatwin's "splendid" performance. 2016 saw Chatwin appear in four independent films. First was Robert Scott Wildes' western Poor Boy. The film had its world premiere at the Tribeca Film Festival, as part of the Viewpoints section, and received a limited release two years later. Chatwin then starred as free-spirited artist Jason in the Lionsgate Premiere thriller Urge, opposite Pierce Brosnan. The allegorical tale about seven friends who try a new drug that makes people lose their inhibitions, was panned by critics.In her 1-star review, Christy Lemire from RogerEbert.com called Aaron Kaufman's first directorial effort "a movie that’s as empty and unlikable as the characters themselves". The romantic comedy Unleashed, written and directed by Finn Taylor, centers on Emma, played by Kate Micucci, a woman whose cat and dog are transformed into full-grown handsome men (Chatwin and Steve Howey). It premiered and won the Audience Award at the 39th Mill Valley Film Festival in october, with a general release planned for the next summer. The film garnered a positive reception; Los Angeles Times critic Katie Walsh wrote that "Chatwin and Howey are the most valuable players". Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter opined that Unleashed "delivers some mildly enjoyable laughs thanks to its engaging female lead and the exuberantly physical performances of her co-stars". In preparation for his role, Chatwin studied animal movement with Jean-Louis Rodrigue and Kristof Konrad, in order to embody the specific mannerisms and behavior. For his final release of the year, he teamed up with Anna Camp to play a couple who is trying to save their relationship in the time travel drama One Night.Following its premiere at the Austin Film Festival, Minhal Baig's directorial debut was released early next year, nearby Valentine's Day, receiving a mixed-to-negative response; writing for Los Angeles Times, Kimber Myers praised the "solid" performances of the cast, but thought the film "doesn’t develop its interesting concept beyond the initial idea". Chatwin starred in the Joachim Rønning-directed pilot The Doomsday Project (2017) as Navy SEAL instructor Chris Wyatt, one of the seven brilliant members of a team who is tasked by the american government to dream up man-made disaster scenarios and their possible solutions. Chatwin appeared in three films in 2017, starting with a cameo role as Vincent D'Onofrio's drug-addicted son in the action-comedy CHiPs, directed by Dax Shepard, based on the television series of the same name. He portrayed modern cowboy Hugh Jay Linder in Blake Robbins' The Scent of Rain and Lightning, based on the 2010 novel of the same name by Nancy Pickard. The film which tells the story of a young woman who finds out the man responsible for murdering her parents (Chatwin and Maggie Grace) has been released from prison, made its debut at the Atlanta Film Festival, being acquired for distribution the following year. The feature  received a positive response, The Hollywood Reporter Frank Scheck deeming it "a well-acted, intelligent thriller", while another critic praised Chatwin's "subtle and strong" performance. Finally, he played a supporting role in the independent drama We Don’t Belong Here, sharing the screen with Riley Keough and Anton Yelchin.Chatwin starred in Crackle’s original movie In the Cloud alongside Gabriel Byrne, in which he plays a computer scientist who develops a revolutionary technology capable to access people's memories after they die. The futuristic sci-fi premiered on the streaming service at the beginning of 2018. That same year, he starred as a rookie detective working on his first major case in the dramatic thriller The Assassin's Code, which screened at the 42nd Cleveland International Film Festival. Chatwin also featured in the ensemble coming-of-age drama Summer Night (2019), directed by Joseph Cross in his directorial debut. The story follows a group of young friends as they make decisions about their future. He plays hedonistic bartender Andy, the older guy in the gang. Following its premiere at the Atlanta Film Festival in the spring, the film opened in theaters that summer.Upon release, critical reception was divided; Los Angeles Times critic Carlos Aguilar called it "mediocre and forgettable", however, The Hollywood Reporter critic found Chatwin "very funny" providing the comic relief. From 2019 to 2021, over the course of two seasons, Chatwin played scientist Erik Wallace in the television series Another Life. 2021–present: Subsequent career and upcoming projects
Chatwin began the new decade with the romantic crime film Die in a Gunfight (2021), which is described as a modern version of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. Co-starring opposite Diego Boneta, Alexandra Daddario and Travis Fimmel, he plays an unscrupulous stalker loosely based on Tybalt and Count Paris. Although it garnered a negative response, Mae Abdulbaki of Screen Rant opined that Chatwin is "chewing up scenery with gusto and a glint in his eyes" as the film’s villain. Chatwin will next star as a conflicted police officer in The Walk, Daniel Adams' period drama film based on true events about the desegregation of school busses in 1974 Boston. He is also set to portray Jack Reagan, the father of United States President Ronald Reagan in Sean McNamara's biopic Reagan.Chatwin will lead the documentary series The Rider Diaries, which follows his motorcycle road trips around the world alongside his friends, and is attached to star in the upcoming In the Lost Lands, a fantasy-adventure film based on three short stories by A Song of Ice and Fire author George R.R. Martin. Other ventures

Motorcycles
Chatwin said many times that his biggest passion are motorcycles. He owns a Harley-Davidson Night Train which he named Charlie Crowe. Talking about the beginnings, he said: "I had bought my first motorcycle after riding a scooter on the Amalfi Coast in 2009. Five years later, and a full blown obsession under my belt, I’m back in Italy standing at the epic Ducati factory", adding, "A perfect day for me is when I wake up and know that all I have to do is ride my motorcycle for the next ten hours in a particular direction". Chatwin has been in many trips with his former Shameless co-stars, William H. Macy and Steve Howey.They have been riding from Los Angeles to Colorado, San Francisco and Aspen, sponsored by Harley-Davidson. In 2014, Chatwin embarked on a trip across Europe with producer Ford Smith and actor Martin Henderson, testing the new Ducati motorcycles. In order to learn more and improve his skills, in November 2016, over the course of one weekend, Chatwin attended the Keith Code's California Superbike School, alongside actor Nicholas Hoult, motorcycle journalist Sean MacDonald, singer and music producer Albert Hammond Jr. and entrepreneur Jesse Waits. From there, he was invited to test the new AGV Corsa R helmets at Buttonwillow Raceway Park. In 2017, Chatwin was invited at the inaugural edition of Moto Beach Classic Festival in Southern California. The one-day event was established to promote the moto culture, bringing together artists, bike builders and fans. Chatwin took part at the BMX Boxer Cup challenge against former professional freestyle motocross racer Andy Bell, custom builder Maxwell Hazan and seasoned photographer Preston Burroughs.Chatwin is also part of WLF Enduro, a community of people from different backgrounds of work, such as teachers, salesmen or construction workers, brought together to ride  in two days every year, throughout Southern California. Their mission is "Unifying riders around the globe with the common passion of two wheels and a throttle". About his decision to join the crew, he said, "This is my hobby. This is my community. This is how I stay happy in a work oriented world. These things are important to me. Because when we die these will be the memories that remain".No Good Reason (2020)
The American web documentary series was released on the internet on July 29, 2020, and stars Chatwin and Nik Markovina (credited Nik Dean), both serving also as executive producers. The seven-episode documentary centers on <mask> and one of his best friends, a fellow actor and former model, now the co-founder of Lords of Gastown, a company specialized on clothing and accessories for motorcycles. After a couple of long rides, they decide to embark on the ultimate journey from Vancouver to Patagonia on their motorcycles named Charlie Crowe and Bobby Valentine. From Santiago to Ecuador and Bariloche, the duo visit sacred places and meet interesting people, including indigenous rights activist Nina Gualinga. Chatwin stated that he has always been inspired by <mask>, his favorite travel writer. They are not related although they share the same surname. Even though the series was released in 2020, the events depicted in it took place in 2016.Activism and charity
In 2011, Chatwin took part on a charitable motorcycle ride for amfAR, an American foundation for AIDS research, and was one of the celebrities who attended "Stand Up To Cancer", a special event and auction established in order to raise money in the fight against cancer, hosted by Jaime King and Nicky Hilton Rothschild. In 2013, Chatwin joined Beau Garrett, Mark Foster and Kenna on the new edition of Summit on the Summit project, climbing Kilimanjaro. The purpose was to bring attention on the global water crisis and raise money for the people in need. Regarding the cause, he said, "We just need government will to change these things. It’s something I really responded to... everyone in the world should have access to water". Chatwin was also one of the celebrities who protested against the controversial Keystone XL pipeline. In order to show how the future could be for the environment, he starred alongside Amy Smart in Keystone Horror trailer.In 2017, Chatwin teamed up for a special ride with Vancouver-based motorcycle company "Lords of Gastown", and charitable organization "Waves for Water", which is dedicated to provide clean water for everyone who needs it. Riding across Central America, the goal was raising money in order to purchase and install clean-water filters for the communities living in Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador and Nicaragua. Chatwin is also one of the Canadian ambassadors for Operation Smile. Personal life
Chatwin currently resides in Los Angeles, California, although he has considered moving many times in the past. Chatwin is an advocate of the nomadic lifestyle. When not working on a film or a television show, he is always on the road, stating, "The anatomy of restlessness is what my fascination is. The nomadic instinct I will call it.And the need of constant movement". In these trips, he is joined usually by Ombú, a Uruguayan street dog which he adopted in 2016. Chatwin describes himself as being a shy person and having difficulties living in U.S.: "I've always been shy speaking in front of people maybe because I've never felt like I cared about show business or other things I had to talk about. Or maybe I'm shy because I don't really feel comfortable in my own skin in America". Having a passion for extreme sports, he used to snowboard when he lived in Canada, during his high school years. One of Chatwin's favourite activities is spearfishing. He also loves film photography.More recently, Chatwin has developed a passion for truck camping and mountain biking. Chatwin had been in a relationship with Molly Sims. He dated Fallen actress Addison Timlin in 2010. Filmography

Awards and nominations

See also

References

External links

<mask> on Instagram

1982 births
21st-century Canadian male actors
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Canadian expatriate male actors in the United States
Living people
Male actors from British Columbia
People from

masks:
Chatwin
Bruce Chatwin
Justin Chatwin


texts:
<mask> (born 7 June 1979) is an Indian Santoor player, music composer and conductor. He is the son of Santoor player Pandit <mask>, known for his versatility, innovations and experimentation. Sopori has received awards in recognition of his contribution in the field of music, and is one of the youngest recipient of awards such as 'Bharat Shiromani Award' & 'Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar' <mask> was invited to speak at the prestigious International conference TEDx. Life and career

Early life and family

<mask> was born on 7 June 1979 in the Kashmir valley of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir (union territory). His parents were musician <mask> and <mask>, a professor of English literature. He learned Santoor under the traditional Guru-Shishya Parampara of his mystic Shaivite - Sufi tradition from his grandfather <mask>, hailed as the "Father of Classical Music" in Jammu and Kashmir and his father <mask>. Abhay represents the Sufiana Gharana of Kashmir, the exclusive traditional Santoor family of India with its roots spanning over nine generations over more than 300 years.Sopori has a bachelor's and master's degree in Music from Pracheen Kala Kendra, Chandigarh, India and holds bachelors in Commerce from Delhi University and Computers from Indira Gandhi National Open University. Career
Sopori was trained in Indian classical music from his childhood, as well as Western and Sufiana music. Apart from santoor, he also learned vocal, Indian classical sitar, Sufiana sitar and piano. He recorded his first song at the age of 3 for a musical feature for All India Radio composed by his father and was also part of his father's grand choral presentation featuring over 8000 voices in Srinagar Kashmir in 1985. He presented his first Choral presentation featuring over 100 singers in October 2005 in Kashmir organised by Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts (SaMaPa). Abhay's J&K Folk Music Ensembles (Soz-o-Saaz) has also been presented at various other festivals and conferences, which includethe 'Jammu & KashmirFestival' presented at the Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts in New Delhi in 2009 and Ganesh Kala KridaRangmanch in Pune in 2010, which left the audiences captivated and mesmerized. Abhay's Classical fusions have also received rave reviews.In 2000, <mask> started his musical work in Kashmir performing for the youth across the Valley promoting Indian classical music and culture and is credited for changed the entire cultural scenario of Jammu & Kashmir bringing the youth together through music. His concerts in border areas of J&K have been attended by over 20,000 people. Since his debut as a Classical Santoor player in mid 1990s, <mask> has performed in prestigious festivals across India and around the world in countries like the United States, Russia, Brazil, Mauritius, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Germany, France, Italy, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Sweden, Switzerland, Spain, Slovenia, Ukraine, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Morocco, Iran, Israel, Bahrain, Dubai, etc. Sopori introduced the concept of 'Sufi Music Ensemble' titled 'Sufi Kinship®’ in 2011 featuring 35 musicians and Santoor led an Indian Classical Music Ensemble in 2014 featuring 25 musicians and performed at various concerts across India. He scored the music for the fusion composition titled Haftrang (seven colors in Kashmiri) in 2013 performed by the Bavarian State Orchestra of Germany, together with his Kashmiri folk music ensemble Soz-o-Saaz, giving international recognition to Kashmiri music. The concert was telecast live in more than 100 countries. The orchestra consisted of around 100 musicians.Sopori has also done international collaborations including presentations with the Austrian Vienna Boys Choir, Moroccan Lutist Haj Younis, Iranian santoor player Darius Saghafi, American dulcimer player Malcom Dalgish, French clarinetist Laurent Clouet & others. He has held various cultural positions like:

 General Secretary, SaMaPa (Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts) (SaMaPa), one of the most prominent and prestigious music academy and organization of India (2005 onwards)
 Member of Central Committee, J&K Academy of Art, Culture & Languages, Govt. of J&K (2016 onwards)
 Member of General Council, J&K Academy of Art, Culture & Languages, Govt. of J&K (2016 onwards)
 Member, Editorial Board, JK Music Initiative, Music Journal by Department of Higher Education, Govt. of J&K (2018 onwards)
 Visiting Faculty', University of Massachusetts, Amherst USA (2004)

Artistry

Style of Santoor
Sopori's Classical Santoor performance is marked by mellifluous playing, lightning tempo, clarity and accuracy of Indian Classical Raga exposition and adoption of the Sopori Baaj (style), the unique and systematic format of Santoor playing created by his father. Presentation of Dhrupad system along with the accompaniment of the Pakhawaj is also a special characteristic of his Sopori Baaj and performance. He sings the compositions along with its instrumental rendering reviving his traditional Shaivaite - Sufi Santoor Parampara.Innovations & creations
Sopori continues to innovate and experiment with Santoor to further extend its dimensions. He has introduced the Open String Concept, together with the Enhanced Sustain Technique, giving a new dimension to the sound. He also established the concept of ‘'Gayan-Vadan Baaj'’ (vocal-instrumental system) and ‘'Been Ang. He invented, designed and introduced a 30-stringed instrument in 2004 named as Sur-Santoor. Sopori has been instrumental in reviving the old Sufiana compositions of his predecessors and adopted them in the Indian Classical scenario and also composed and introduced new Khayal compositions. Raga Nirmalkauns named after Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi and Raga MahaKali named after Goddess Mother Kali are Abhay's newly composed Ragas that have been widely acclaimed in the music world. Composer
<mask> has composed music for Films, Telefilms, Short Films, Serials (TV & Radio) and Documentaries.He recently debuted as a composer in Bollywood commercial cinema with Shikara movie and composed the Love theme song Dilbar Lagyo and the Wedding Song titled Shukrana Gul Khile. His other work includes Mahatma, a documentary film by Government of India on Mahatma Gandhi, presented at the United Nations marking the first International Non-violence Day, the National award winning Kashmiri film Bub, and the international award winning film Ziyarat. of India, Co-composer Ek Bharat Shresth Bharat, All India Radio, Co-composer & Singer Challa, T-Series (company), Composer Aao Kadam Badhayain (SaMaPa), Composer Dua (SaMaPa), Composer & Singer Wohi Khuda Hai (SaMaPa), Composer Nai Subha - Kashmiri (SaMaPa), Composer & Singer Nai Subha - Dogri (SaMaPa), Composer & Singer Hazrat-e-NabiSAW (SaMaPa), ComposerJannat-e-Kashmir (SaMaPa), Co-composer & Singer Awards and accolades

 2020: Mahatma Gandhi Seva Medal - Gandhi Global Peace Award by United Nations accredited Gandhi Global Family - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2019: Top Grade Artist by All India Radio, Govt. of India - Delhi
 2018: Raag Ranjani Sangeet Bhushan Award - Delhi
 2018: Pt. Man Mohan Bhatt Award - Rajasthan
 2017: Atal Shikhar Samman - Presented at the Parliament of India - Delhi
 2017: Dr. S. Radhakrishnan National Media Award - Delhi
 2016: State Icon - title by Election Commission of India - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2016: Pride of Paradise Award - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2015: Pride of India Award - Delhi
 2015: Sangeet Gaurav Samman - Delhi
 2014: Madras Music Academy Award - Chennai
 2014: Sangeet Mani Award - Delhi
 2013: Indian Fine Arts Society Award - Kingdom of Bahrain
 2013: Sabzaar Award of Excellence - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2012: Kashmir Kirti Samman - Pune. 2011: J&K Civil Award - Highest Civilian Award of Jammu & Kashmir by J&K Govt. - Srinagar 2011: Kashmir Educational, Cultural & Social Society (KECSS) Award - Delhi
 2010: Glory of India Award - United Kingdom
 2010: Best Citizens of India Award - Delhi
 2010: Raag Ranjani Sangeet Shree Award - Delhi
 2010: Bharat Shiromani Award - Delhi
 2009: Ma Sharika Samman - Haryana
 2008: National Dogri Award - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2007: Pt.Gama Maharaj Sangeet Bhushan Samman - Delhi
 2007: Excellence Award - Delhi
 2006: Sangeet Natak Akademi’s first 'Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar - Delhi
 2006: Young India Award - Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)
 2005: Juenjo Korean International Heritage Award - Seoul, South Korea
 2004: Kalawant Samman - Mumbai

 Philanthropic contributions
Sopori started working with the State Government of Jammu and Kashmir to expand and accomplish his grandfather's dream and after several years of hard work and dedication, he was able to introduce music as a formal subject in the educational setup of Jammu and Kashmir. The initiative also called as The Music Initiative of Abhay Rustum Sopori'' has been a major step in the educational system of the state (now union territory) creating new streams in colleges and universities and, offering new job opportunities for the youth. Sopori is a strong believer of peace and humanity and has been promoting the same ideology also preached by Mahatma Gandhi through music. He has introduced the concept of 'Common Song' aimed at providing a musical healing touch in Jammu and Kashmir under the banner of SaMaPa, which include musical hits like 'Aao Kadam Badhayain', 'Mere Jannet-e-Kashmir', 'Zameen', 'Nai Subha', 'Jammu-Ane', 'Wohi Khuda Hai', 'Dua', etc. In 2005 <mask>, along with his father, founded the music academy and organization called SaMaPa (Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts), which is acclaimed for its work in Delhi and J&K. Post 2005, the programmes and events have been organized under the banner of SaMaPa. Some of the festivals include SaMaPa Sangeet Sammelan (Delhi) which is considered as the topmost music festival of Delhi; SaMaPa Aalap Festival (J&K) which is one of the biggest music festivals witnessed by over 50,000 people.SaMaPa Aalap Festival is held at a number of venues including border areas, cultural centers, jails, etc. at places like Sopore, Baramulla, Kupwara, Bandipora, Budgam, Anantnag, Ganderbal, Srinagar, Jammu, Samba, Khour, RS Pora, Rajouri, Poonch, Katra, Udampur, Akhnoor, etc. The festival was started in 2006 and over the years has presented thousands of young talent of Jammu and Kashmir. Sopori has held charity concerts for various medical and social causes and also catastrophes like Kashmir earthquake in 2005 (over INR 10 million) & Jammu and Kashmir floods in 2014 (over INR 8 million). Gallery

References

Living people
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
Santoor players
Indian male classical musicians
Kashmiri musicians
People from Srinagar
1979 births

masks:
Abhay Rustum Sopori
Bhajan Sopori
Abhay
Abhay Rustum Sopori
Bhajan Sopori
Aparna Sopori
Shamboo Nath Sopori
Bhajan Sopori
Abhay
Abhay
Abhay
Abhay


texts:
<mask> (July 14, 1917 – October 13, 1990) was an American radio and television newscaster and correspondent who worked for the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) for over four decades. After six years on CBS Radio in the 1940s, <mask> was among the first major broadcast journalists to move into the rapidly expanding medium of television. He is also generally recognized as the first presenter or "anchor" of a nationally televised, regularly scheduled newscast by an American network. <mask> presented CBS news on television every weeknight for 15 years, from March 20, 1947 until  April 16, 1962. Initially aired as a 15-minute program under the title CBS Television News, the broadcast evolved into the CBS Evening News and in 1963 expanded to a 30-minute format under Walter Cronkite, who succeeded <mask> as anchor of the newscast. Although <mask> left the evening news in 1962, he continued to work for CBS for another quarter of a century, presenting news reports both on radio and on daytime television, and editing news features until his retirement from the network in 1988. Early life and radio career
Born in Ada, Oklahoma in 1917, <mask> was the only child of Alice (née Donaldson) and Tony M<mask>, both of whom were public school teachers.His mother had been married previously, but her first husband died in 1906 from typhoid fever. As a result of that earlier marriage, <mask> grew up with a half-brother, John W. Moore, who was 12 years older. Tragically, Alice also lost her second husband to disease. When <mask> was an infant, his father died of smallpox. Now twice-widowed, Alice continued teaching to support herself and her two sons. By 1930, however, she left Oklahoma and moved with <mask> and John to New Mexico for a better teaching position, one as an instructor at a normal school in Silver City. <mask> lived in Silver City for only two years, but during that time he developed a keen interest in radio technology and programming.Using a small crystal radio set that he acquired, he began to monitor each day a wide range of regular broadcasts and special events, a routine made easier by Silver City's high elevation, which allowed him to tune into distant stations transmitting from Los Angeles, Denver, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, and elsewhere. "'What an experience that was'", he recalled in a later interview, "'transfixed by broadcasts I could bring in from faraway places". First broadcast experience, 1932
In 1932, <mask> moved with his mother to southeastern Alabama, where she had accepted a job as a school principal in the town of Troy. Half-brother John, now 26 years old, chose to remain in New Mexico. <mask> spent his teenage years in Troy and continued his radio hobby, which he still regarded as a "new world", still "mesmerizing". Martin Weil, a staff writer for The Washington Post who compiled a biography on <mask> and wrote the newscaster's 1990 obituary for the newspaper, described the teenager's ongoing fascination with the medium:

For his on-air time at Troy's small, makeshift radio station in 1932, the teenage <mask> was paid $2.50 a week to be an "junior announcer", a disc jockey, and to fill any lapses during broadcasts by reading poetry and even singing occasionally. Describing those formative days on radio decades later, <mask> said he found the experience thrilling, although he admitted he did not sing well, adding "'but I got by, got fan mail, and the ego was nourished.'"College years and hiring by CBS, 1942
Following his graduation from high school, <mask> managed to enroll briefly at the University of Alabama to take pre-med courses and then attend evening classes on journalism at the University of Georgia and at Emory University in Atlanta before abandoning his hopes for a college degree due to a lack of money amidst the Great Depression. He nevertheless remained intent on working in radio, and between 1935 and 1940, he found employment, first at a small station in Dothan, Alabama; then at WSB in Atlanta; and next, much farther north in Michigan, at WXYZ in Detroit, where he served as a newscaster and announcer. In 1942, shortly after returning to Atlanta to work as an assistant news editor at WSB, he accepted an offer from CBS Radio to move to New York to be an assistant announcer and understudy to journalist John Charles Daly, the presenter of the network's nightly 15-minute news program The World Today. When Daly was reassigned by CBS as a war correspondent and sent overseas the following year, <mask> was promoted as his replacement on The World Today, as well as host of the Sunday afternoon program World News Today and of the Sunday night program Report to the Nation. Two years later, <mask> was also dispatched overseas, to London, to cover the final weeks of World War II with CBS foreign correspondent Edward R. Murrow. At the end of the conflict in Europe in May 1945, <mask> was then appointed the network's news bureau chief in Paris and assigned to cover post-war elections in Germany and the start of the Nuremberg trials. Anchor for televised CBS newscasts, 1947-1962

<mask> returned to the United States from his overseas radio assignments in May 1946.By 1947, as CBS's top correspondents and commentators continued to shun the fledgling medium of television, <mask> was chosen by network executives to work with director Don Hewitt in presenting a televised news program every weeknight and to host that year CBS's televised coverage of the Democratic and Republican national conventions. While <mask> served as "anchor" of the programs, that term was actually not used within the context of newscasting, at least not consistently, until 1952, when CBS News chief Sig Mickelson reportedly applied it in describing Walter Cronkite's role in the network's political convention coverage. Such news terminology developed quickly in those early days of broadcasting daily news on television, a time fraught with uncertainties not only about the technologies required to present reports in a visual medium, but also about the most effective means of delivering those reports to viewers. <mask>' friends and CBS colleagues in the late 1940s were quick to suggest ways he could make his reports more interesting to his audience. "'I remember', he stated years later, 'guys coming up with brainstorms like wanting me to wear a football helmet to report the football scores.'" In viewership ratings, <mask>' newscasts were soon eclipsed by NBC News with its Camel News Caravan presented by John Cameron Swayze. CBS, though, quickly regained its lead due in no small part to <mask>' ongoing efforts to cover major events personally.Among the many news stories that <mask> covered in those years in the dual role of newscaster-reporter were his trip to the North Pole in 1949, the attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman in November 1950, and the coronation of Elizabeth II in June 1953. He also reported on cultural events such as the Miss America Pageant (five times). The nightly 15-minute <mask> with the News was watched by nearly 30 million viewers by the mid-1950s, as the newscaster continued his practice of periodically covering major new stories himself. In July 1956, while stationed on a helicopter hovering over the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Massachusetts, <mask> reported the sinking of the SS Andrea Doria, on-site coverage that received widespread public attention and critical praise. Despite such efforts and positive reactions to his stories, viewership of <mask>' televised newscasts began to decline by the late 1950s as NBC's new Huntley-Brinkley Report—CBS News' chief competitor—began to attract increasingly larger audiences. <mask>' last televised evening newscast aired on April 13, 1962. The following Monday, on April 16, Walter Cronkite officially replaced him as anchor of the telecast.The next year, on September 2, 1963, the program was retitled CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite. It was also rescheduled to broadcast at 6:30 p.m. instead of its normal 7:30 time slot, and its 15-minute format was expanded to 30 minutes, a change that made it the first half-hour weeknight news show on American television. Continuing work for CBS, 1962-1988
<mask>' departure from CBS Evening News did not end his work for the network either on television or radio. For several years, both during his time as network anchor and afterwards, he anchored the local late news team on WCBS-TV, channel 2, the network's flagship station in New York City. He continued to present The World Tonight on CBS Radio, and from April 1962 into the 1980s, he presented nationally on television five-minute weekday reports called The CBS Afternoon News with <mask> and later, after schedule adjustments, The CBS Mid-Day News with <mask> and then The CBS Mid-Morning News with <mask>. Beginning in 1979, he hosted the CBS Sunday morning news and talk show series For Our Times, and in 1987 he served as co-anchor with Faith Daniels for CBS Morning News. <mask> also continued until his retirement in April 1988 to anchor Newsbreak, a televised 74-second weekday segment that highlighted the day's top news stories.After he retired from CBS, <mask> and his wife May left their home in New Canaan, Connecticut and relocated to Sarasota, Florida. Six months later, on October 30, 1988, he returned to radio to perform as himself in National Public Radio's re-creation of Orson Welles' 1938 CBS broadcast of The War of the Worlds. Directed by David Ossman, a member of the Firesign Theater troupe, the NPR production aired exactly 50 years after Welles' original radio presentation; and it featured, in addition to <mask>, actor Jason Robards, comic writer and musician Steve Allen, and various NPR announcers. Personal life and death
<mask> married twice. On August 29, 1939, he wed Sara Belle Byrd, a native of North Carolina and a resident of Atlanta when <mask> resided in Georgia for several years. The couple divorced after 26 years together, during which time they had three children: Lynn Alice, Robert Anthony, and Donna Claire. Then, on May 10, 1966, <mask> married May Hamilton Dunlap in San Francisco, California.He and May remained together until his death. In 1990, at age 73, <mask> died of bladder cancer at his home in Sarasota, Florida. Following a memorial service at the Church of the Palms in Sarasota, <mask>'s body was cremated. Legacy and accolades
Many of <mask>' early CBS radio and televised newscasts are preserved, including his World War II anchoring of World News Today, broadcasts on D-Day, and his coverage of the sinking of the Andrea Doria, all of which serve as important historical records of that period and of those events. <mask> anchored the live five-minute segment The CBS Afternoon News five afternoons a week between 1962 and 1966. He started the segment immediately after a half-hour broadcast of the Goodson-Todman game show To Tell the Truth. Every moment of The CBS Afternoon News was lost due to wiping.For <mask>’ decades of contributions to broadcast journalism, he received numerous awards and accolades from colleagues and professional organizations. Douglas Edwards Archives at St. Bonaventure University

1917 births
1990 deaths
CBS News people
American television news anchors
American television reporters and correspondents
Peabody Award winners
Deaths from cancer in Florida
People from Ada, Oklahoma

masks:
Douglas Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
. Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Douglas
Douglas
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Douglas Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Douglas Edwards
Douglas Edwards
Douglas Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards
Edwards


texts:
<mask> (19 January 1945) is a Chilean historian and anthropologist. He is known in Chile for his study of Mapuche history and society. After the 1973 Chilean coup d'état, <mask> was dismissed from his work at the University of Chile by the Pinochet regime. He was the principal advocate for the first Social Forum of the ACLU International Human Rights Task Force, during the SubCommission's fifty-fourth session in August 2002. Bengoa had been living in Cajón del Maipo for some time. For medical reasons and concerns, he sometimes returns to his home in Ñuñoa. The anthropologist had been diagnosed with bone cancer and had a bone marrow transplant in 2017.Career
Bengoa has had a successful career with ranging professions. He served on many different boards at the same time. Beginning in 1978, he was the director, president of the board, as well as researcher for the Center for Social Studies and Education in SUR, Santiago, Chile. He was here until 1990. While he was at the Center for Social Studies and Education, he was also serving as President of World University Service Committee in Chile. Bengoa served here from 1978 to 1991. From 1990 to 1993, he was the National Director of the Special Commission for Indigenous peoples in Chile.While here, he was in charge of drafting, editing, as well as creating the new indigenous law. In 1992, he founded and directed the School of Anthropology at the Universidad Academia de Humanismo Cristiano in Santiago, Chile. He remained director until 1996. From 1996 to 2002, Bengoa was rector of UAHC in Chile. He later returned and as of 2016, remains rector. His most notable career moment was being a member of the National Commission on Historical Truth and New Deal with the Indigenous peoples of Chile. He was a member from 2000 to 2004 and was later nominated by the President of the Republic.He currently remains an active member in numerous different organizations. He remains a full-time professor at UAHC for the School of Anthropology and History in Chile. Since 1994, he has been serving as a Director of Research for the National Found for Scientific and Technological Development. He remains the President for the Board of the National Foundation against poverty within Chile, dating back to 1996. His work with the Mapuche people has helped their story and origins gain attention worldwide. His work extends past just the Mapuche people and focuses on helping all the different ethnic groups within Chile. The Mapuche People
The name "Mapuche" translates to "people of the land."The Mapuche people is the largest ethnic group within Chile and makes up a rough 10% of the Chilean population as a whole. Half of the Mapuche people live around the capital of Chile, which is Santiago. The other half tend to live in the south from river Bío Bío right until the Chiloé Island. There is another fair-sized group of Mapuche people within the Argentina area. An interesting fact is that the Mapuche people will name themselves according to where they live. An example of this is the group of Mapuche people called the Huilliche, or the people from the south. Looking at the Mapuche people in the present day, they are in a vulnerable situation.Chile focuses strongly on class society. Unfortunately for the Mapuche people, they rank the lowest in class. There have been efforts from the state and the church to take the Mapuche people into the Chilean society. During an era, the Pinochet era to be exact, all the Mapuche land was privatized and later sold to foreigners and other wealthy owners/ landlords. During this time, new laws were also introduced, including the law that there would not be indigenous peoples within Chile. Instead, there would only be Chileans. Consequences of the Pinochet era were serious and the Mapuche's had to migrate to the bigger cities because of the loss of their land.Acclimating to a new environment proved difficult for those who had to move to cities, as they were forced to forget their culture in order to better fit in. Being a Mapuche also means it is difficult to make a decent living, as they are often paid less than other Chileans. They also struggle to receive their education. The class system in Chile is so rigid that it is not uncommon for Mapuche people to rid their names and adopt Chilean ones instead, in hopes of having a better life for their offspring. Though life proved difficult for the Mapuche people, there have been acts introduced to help protect their rights. For example, in 1993 the Indigenous Act, or Ley Indigena (no. 19.253) was introduced to protect all of the Indigenous groups within Chile.This law protected the indigenous peoples from being moved off of their land. Per the “permuta”, if a company/ organization/ the government wishes to move indigenous peoples from a piece of land, it is required that an equal piece of land is given to them in return. No transfer will be allowed to take place if the owner does not agree to the permuta. Every last person must agree to the trade, and if not, it will not be allowed. In addition to the Indigenous Act, the Corporación Nacional de Desarollo Indígena, or CONADI, was formed. CONADI is a state authority and its purpose is to protect, as well as preserve, the cultural development of the Indigenous peoples of Chile. They are also meant to help conserve the land of the Mapuche people.Despite these advancements towards the protection and respect of the Mapuche people, there is still harm being done to their land. Chile is fast developing per outside pressures. This means that there are a large number of developmental projects happening on Mapuche land, roads being built and forests being destroyed. <mask> and the Cronicas De La Araucania
José <mask> published his piece History of the Mapuche People roughly 30 years ago. He has recently published his newest volume, Cronicas de la Araucania. In an interview with Javier Garcia in December 2019, the Chilean anthropologist gave insight into his newest project. <mask> is a known advocate for making sure that there is appropriate and accurate representation of Indigenous Peoples within the Constitutional Convention.With his newest volume, <mask> reflects on the Mapuche people, their presence, and the symbols of them that have been present in different social protests. In his piece, he speaks about “the traveling man” or the “homo viator”. Bengoa uses this as a means to address the origins of these people, the evolving of their culture, their tribes, as well as their travel and journeys around the world. He also touches on how there has been a mass use of the Mapuche flag, which he says has been “raised as a symbol of freedom and protest.”  Bengoa was then asked questions in regards to the Mapuche people and their impact. One question asks how Bengoa interprets the mass use of Mapuche flags by many in Latin America. Bengoa goes on to explain the different ways in which it can be interpreted. He says that it is not uncommon to see a Mapuche flag more than a Chilean flag during marches.Some Latin Americans say that the Mapuche flag serves as a representation of mestizos/ Latin Americans. He says it also serves as support for the Mapuche nation and represents freedom. Bengoa is later asked about Camilo Catrillanca. Camilo was a Mapuche farmer of Ercilla in Chile, as well as the grandson of a very prominent Mapuche leader. On November 14, 2018, he was shot and killed by four Chilean police officers. His death was a catalyst that sparked numerous protests against police violence, as well as the struggle for the Mapuche peoples’ civil rights. Bengoa speaks of how Catrillanca appears in demonstrations as well.The image being used has Mapuche features, which he says makes the image that much more iconic. This makes many believe that he was killed for simply being a Mapuche, and that within itself is why Bengoa has dedicated his life to teaching the story of the Mapuche people. The lack of respect for Mapuche’s comes as no surprise to Bengoa, as he has said that the Chilean society was and still is a racist place. <mask> is then asked for his opinion on other Mapuche historians and anthropologists, such as Pablo Marimán and Fernando Pairican. Bengoa praises their presence in saying that “it is a huge and highly positive transformation”. The Mapuche People are no longer being spoken for on behalf of other sociologists, historians, or anthropologists, but rather oneself has spoken for them. Bengoa praises the fact that there are different voices that are discussing the Mapuche People.Research Initiatives: Mapuche Economy: Poverty and Subsistence in Contemporary Mapuche Society
<mask>, alongside Eduardo Valenzuela, are the responsible researchers for the Productivity and Income in Mapuche communities research initiative per the Centro de Estudios Interculturales e Indígenas. In 1980, the bishop of Temuco, Sergio Contreras Navia had asked Bengoa and Valenzuela to conduct a study that would focus on the situation in the communes of Cautín. The two researchers agreed and published their findings three years later under “Mapuche Economy: Poverty and Subsistence in Contemporary Mapuche Society.”

The goal of the project was to “socioeconomically characterize the Mapuche communities located in the province of Cautín, La Araucanía Region." Due to the 300 cases that were collected and observed, the work done was innovative for the time. The comprehensive description of the precapitalistic system that had been based on the subsistence economy was also a helpful component to the progression of the research. Bengoa gives a statement, saying “At that moment we observe the end of a long reduction period; If the Mapuche history is analyzed, there is a prereductional period until 1888, and between this year and 1927 the reductions were established where the indigenous people settled and they were forcibly peasantized, impoverishing a society that was rich.”

It has been over thirty years since the original study had been done, and Valenzuela and Bengoa decided to replicate it. They wanted to study the current socioeconomic situation of the many Mapuche families that are living in rural areas.These areas will correspond to the provinces within Cautín, however, this time they are incorporating the areas of Malleco. The goal of this replication of the original study was to see the differences between now and 35 years ago. The study states that their sample size consisted of: 300 Mapuche families in rural areas, 200 families in Cautín, and 100 families in Malleco. To make the comparison as accurate as possible, the researchers selected the same communities of Cautín that were used in 1987. Given that they did not conduct a study of Malleco in ‘87, they simply chose random communities. They remained consistent with the number of surveys they had originally taken for each community in the original study. However, given the fact that this replication was 35 years after the original, the researchers found themselves running into difficulties.They had a lack of contact information for the previous families, making their identification nearly impossible. Instead, the children of the families within these communities were randomly chosen. The two requested plans from “the General Archive of Indigenous Affairs, AGAI, of the Conadi, located in Temuco.” By doing this, they were able to maintain the same procedure that they used in the original 1981 study. Bengoa makes an observation saying “We observe that the change between 1980 and 2016 has been decisive. The new theme is that of water, especially in Mapuche agriculture. We realized that a huge number of communities have trucked water, with six to eight months without water. This has consequences on crops, everything.40 years ago, there were no subsidies. Today, on the other hand, the number of subsidies is very large.” The two researchers said that if the subsidy level were to exceed a certain range, it is definite that production levels would decrease. Another observation made was that there is an older population, with most of the younger people emigrating for work or education. A final observation was the severity of poverty between now and the original study. Bengoa says “Currently, we do not observe situations of hunger, it may be that there are certain months, at the beginning of summer; in 1980 there was poverty." From the information that had been collected, they will calculate different indicators, including but not limited to: income coming from self-consumption, total gross income of Mapuche population, salary and income; net income, the total gross income without expenses on inputs and investments, as well as the net income per capita. Awards/ Honors
Being a member of the National Commission for the Bicentenary of the Republic of Chile from 2000-2006, he received this honorable nomination from the President of the Republic of Chile, who at the time was Ricardo Lagos.He later received another nomination from Michelle Bachelet in 2006 until 2010. In 2002, Bengoa won the national award for tolerance and the fight against racism in Chile. In 2003, he won the Guggenheim Award from the John Guggenheim Foundation. Four years later, he received the Literature Award of the Santiago Municipality for his second volume publication of The Claimed Community; Identities, Utopias, and Memories in the Chilean society. In 2009 he was nominated by President of the Republic of Chile, Michelle Bachelet for member of the Board of the National Foundation for the Image of Chile. Bibliography

Books

 Quinquén: 100 years of Pehuenche History. Santiago.Chile. 1992
 Haciendas y Campesinos: Historia Social de la Agricultura Chilena Tomo II. Santiago. Chile. 1990
 Trilogy of the Bicentenary: Three essays on Chile’s economic, social, political and cultural situation
 First Volume: The Lost Community: Identity and Culture, challenges of modernization in Chile
 Second Volume: The Claimed Community: Identities, Utopias and memories in the Chilean society
 Third Volume: The Fragmented Community: Nation and Inequality in Chile, Santiago. Catalonia Editorial. November 2009
 History of the Mapuche People.Santiago, Chile. First Edition. 1985. 8th and last edition. 2008. Editorial Sur and Editorial Lom
 The Ancient Mapuche's of the South. Santiago.2003. Catalonia Ed. Santiago. Second Edition. 2007. Literature award Santiago Municipality, 2004. The History of a Conflict.The Mapuche People and the national state during the XX century. Planeta. Santiago. First edition, 2000 and second edition, 2003. Third edition. 2007
 Inequalities. The Chilean society during the last decade.Santiago. 2001
 The Treaty of Quilin. Catalonia. 2007. Altazor Award. 2008
 Social History of Chilean Agriculture. Santiago: Eds.South, 1988-1990. V3

Articles
 Agroindustria y fruticultura en los valles cercanos a Santiago: Aconcagua y Cachapoal. Santiago: Eds. Sur, 1988-1990 (Santiago: ATG) V3
 La sociedad ganadera: Historia del pueblo mapuche. 6a.ed. corr. Santiago: LOM Eds., 2000
 Las agrupaciones mapuches en el siglo XIX: Historia del pueblo mapuche.6a. ed. corr. Santiago: LOM Eds., 2000
 Sociedad y población rural en la formación de Chile actual, La Ligua 1700–1850. Proposiciones. Santiago: Área de Estudios e Investigaciones de Sur, 1986- (Santiago: Interamericana) V17 (1989)

References

Chilean anthropologists
20th-century Chilean historians
20th-century Chilean male writers
21st-century Chilean historians
21st-century Chilean male writers
1945 births
Anthropology educators
Living people
University of Chile faculty
Social historians
Historians of the Mapuche world
Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso alumni

masks:
José Bengoa Cabello
José Bengoa
José
Bengoa
Bengoa
José
José
José Bengoa


texts:
Empress <mask> (died February 264), personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mingyuan, was an empress of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to <mask>, the second ruler of Wei; she was his third wife and second empress. The limited information available about her appears to portray her as an intelligent woman who fought hard to prevent her empire from falling into the hands of the Sima clan (Sima Yi and his sons Sima Shi and Sima Zhao) during the reigns of her adopted son <mask> and his cousin <mask>, but was unable to stem the tide. Family background and marriage to <mask>
The future Empress <mask> was from Xiping Commandery (西平郡; roughly present-day Xining, Qinghai). Her family was a powerful clan in the area. But during the reigns of <mask>'s father <mask>, her clan was implicated in a rebellion, and she, among others in her family, was confiscated by the Wei government in the aftermath. She somehow became a concubine of <mask>, and he greatly favoured her.In 237, <mask> was involved an incident that led to the death of <mask>'s first empress (and second wife), Empress Mao. Once, when <mask> was attending a feast hosted by <mask>, <mask> requested that Empress Mao be invited to join as well, but <mask> refused and further ordered that no news about the feast was to be given to Empess Mao. However, the news leaked, and Empress Mao talked about the feast with him anyway. He became exceedingly angry, killed a number of his attendants whom he suspected of leaking the news to Empress Mao, and, inexplicably, ordered Empress Mao to commit suicide. After Empress Mao's death, <mask> became the de facto empress, and her family members were given honorific titles (albeit with little power). She was not created empress, however, until <mask> grew ill around the new year of 239. He died a month later, and <mask> became empress dowager, but not regent, over his adopted son <mask>.As empress dowager
By <mask>'s will, his distant cousin <mask> and Sima Yi were regents, but <mask> soon became the dominant figure in the government; while he put on an appearance of respecting Sima Yi, he effectively pushed Sima Yi aside in governing the empire. How Empress Dowager <mask> felt about this is not clear, for her political role during <mask>'s regency appeared to be minimal – even though <mask> (and later the Simas) all at least formally submitted important matters to her, they decided on those matters without real input from her. <mask> was largely viewed as an incompetent regent who entrusted many of his associates who were equally lacking in ability. In 244, for example, under the advice of Li Sheng and Deng Yang, <mask>, lacking in military talent, nevertheless carried out an attack against Wei's rival state Shu Han, without carefully planning the logistics, and even though the battles were inconclusive, <mask> was eventually forced to withdraw due to large number of deaths of livestock, and during the withdraw, many soldiers died in battle or of other causes. <mask> also gathered great wealth for him and his associates, and also spent much time on tours, away from the important matters of state, since 247. In 249, Sima Yi, with support of officials who were tired of <mask>'s incompetence, (after issuing an edit in Empress Dowager <mask>'s name) carried out a coup d'état and deposed <mask>, and later had him and his associates, as well as all their clans, slaughtered, and then took complete control of the government. This shocked the officials who initially supported Sima Yi, but by then it was too late to try to prevent it.After Sima Yi's death in 251, his son Sima Shi succeeded him and kept the government in as much control as his father did. In 254, Sima Shi carried out another purge of officials who resisted him. It was suspected that these officials were plotting with the emperor <mask> and perhaps Empress Dowager <mask> to try to counteract against the Simas, but a link was never clearly shown. From that point on, any official who dared to be close to the emperor and the empress dowager was doing so at his peril. Indeed, later in 254, <mask> himself would not be spared (although he was spared his life). Some of his associates had suggested to him to, when Sima Shi's brother Sima Zhao was at the palace to visit him, kill Sima Zhao and then seize his troops and attack Sima Shi. <mask> could not resolve to do it, but the news still leaked, and Sima Shi deposed <mask>.It was during this incident that Empress Dowager <mask> would display her wisdom in a last-ditch attempt to preserve some possibility of preventing the Simas from taking complete control over Wei. When Sima Shi notified her that he intended to make <mask>'s brother <mask> (曹據), the Prince of Pengcheng, emperor, she managed to persuade him that such a succession would be improper – that since <mask> was the uncle of her husband <mask>, such a succession would leave <mask> effectively with no heir. Sima Shi was forced to agree with her, and he made, as she suggested, <mask> (the Duke of Gaogui District), the son of <mask>'s younger brother <mask>, emperor instead. <mask>, although at age 13, was known for his intelligence and Empress Dowager <mask> might have believed that he—alone of the princes and dukes, might have had a chance of counteracting the Simas. When Sima Shi asked her for the imperial seal, she again reasoned with him and refused politely, under the reasoning that she had met <mask> before and wanted to personally hand him the seal. In 255, declaring that they had received a secret edict from Empress Dowager <mask>, Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin made a failed attempt to overthrow Sima Shi, by starting a rebellion from Shouchun (壽春; present-day Shou County, Anhui). There was no real evidence that Empress Dowager <mask> was actually in communication with them, however.After <mask> became emperor, he gradually established a circle around him—a number of officials who were unquestioned in their support of the Simas, but who might also have something to gain from allegiance to the emperor, including Sima Shi's cousin Sima Wang, Wang Shen (王沈), Pei Xiu and Zhong Hui. By doing this, he was hoping that he could minimise suspicion against him but at the same time gradually win their hearts. In 255, he made a failed attempt to capture power back—when Sima Shi died while at Xuchang, Sima Zhao was at Xuchang as well. <mask> issued an edict which, under the rationale that Sima Shi had just defeated Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's rebellion and that the southeastern border was still not complete pacified, ordered Sima Zhao to remain at Xuchang and that Sima Shi's assistant Fu Gu (傅嘏) return to the capital Luoyang with the main troops. Under Fu Gu and Zhong Hui's advice, however, Sima Zhao returned to Luoyang anyway against edict, and was able to maintain control of the government. Indeed, from that point on, he would not let <mask> or Empress Dowager <mask> to be out of his control, and when Zhuge Dan made a failed rebellion in 257, believing that Sima Zhao would soon usurp the throne, Sima Zhao would insist on the emperor and the empress dowager accompanying him on the campaign against Zhuge Dan. In 260, <mask>, not being able to make much headway in his attempt to reduce Sima Zhao's hold on power, tried to start a coup d'état himself with the imperial guards loyal to him, and after initial successes near the palace, was nevertheless killed in battle.Empress Dowager <mask> was forced to issue an edict posthumously deposing him. Further this time, Sima Zhao would completely ignore Empress Dowager <mask>'s wishes in determining <mask>'s successor, and he made <mask>an, the Duke of Changdao District, a grandson of <mask>, emperor, even though <mask>'s brothers still had issue. She died in February 264 without being able to make any further impact against the power of the Simas, and Sima Zhao's son Sima Yan eventually usurped the throne in early 266 and established the Jin dynasty. She was buried on 13 April 264. See also
 Cao Wei family trees#<mask> Rui
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi). Pei, Songzhi (5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu). Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. 264 deaths
Year of birth unknown
People from Qinghai
<mask> empresses dowager

masks:
Guo
Cao Rui
Cao Fang
Cao Mao
Cao Rui
Guo
Cao Rui
Cao Pi
Cao Rui
Consort Guo
Cao Rui
Cao Rui
Consort Guo
Consort Guo
Cao Rui
Consort Guo
Cao Rui
Empress Guo
Cao Fang
Cao Rui
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Guo
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Cao Shuang
Guo
Cao Shuang
Cao Fang
Guo
Cao Fang
Cao Fang
Cao Fang
Guo
Cao Pi
Cao Ju
Cao Ju
Cao Rui
Cao Rui
Cao Mao
Cao Rui
Cao Lin
Cao Mao
Guo
Cao Mao
Guo
Guo
Cao Mao
Cao Mao
Cao Mao
Guo
Cao Mao
Guo
Guo
Cao Mao
Cao Hu
Cao Cao
Cao Rui
Cao
Cao Wei