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 housing units. <mask> pushed for increased restrictions, including the elimination of investor units. In April 2018, <mask> was targeted by Airbnb for her stance over short-term rental regulations in the city of Boston. The short-term lodging platform accused <mask> of being "aligned with big hotel interests against the interests of regular Bostonians". Boston adopted an ordinance, supported by <mask>, that restricted short-term rentals to owner-occupied housing units, required hosts to register with the city, and required the city to collect and publish data on short-term rentals. <mask> has, since at least 2019, supported the idea of reviving rent stabilization in Boston, which would first require a change to state law.She argues that it will assist in preventing nonwhites from being pushed out of Boston. <mask> has called for "decommodifying housing" through the expansion of cooperative housing, community land trusts, and community ownerships. It also calls for the establishment of a renters' right to counsel, guaranteeing legal representation to tenants in eviction proceedings. Law enforcement
In June 2020, <mask>, alongside fellow city councilors Lydia Edwards and Julia Mejia, introduced an ordinance that would establish an unarmed community safety crisis response system, moving the response to nonviolent 9-1-1 calls away from the Boston Police Department, and instead transferring the response to non-law enforcement agencies and trained health professionals. In 2020, <mask> was one of eight city councilors to sign a letter urging Mayor Walsh to decrease the Boston Police Department's annual budget by 10%. Activists had been calling for such a cut, in order to instead allot that money to COVID-19 relief, housing and food access, and other programs that would benefit nonwhites. <mask> has voiced her desire to "demilitarize" the city's police department.<mask> led an effort to take account of the Boston Police Department's military equipment. In June 2020, <mask> introduced an order to the City Council that, if passed, would have required the disclosure of information about the Boston Police Department's heavy-duty equipment, and regarding how it had been deployed during recent protests. In Boston, such City Council orders require the backing of all City Council members. <mask> has advocated for closing loopholes in the policy of the Boston Police Department regarding body cameras. Transportation

In April 2016, <mask> filed a petition seeking to offer an annual excise tax break to electric vehicle owners. In the early summer of 2019, <mask> led protests of Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) fare hikes by riders complaining about inferior subway, light-rail, and bus line services. In 2019, <mask> was the lead sponsor on a City Council proposal that would have established a fee for resident parking permits.Her proposal would exempt low-income residents, home-healthcare workers, and certain school workers from the fee. <mask> has also called for local representation on the MBTA's governing board. <mask> has proposed eliminating fares for local public transit. In 2019, <mask> and fellow councilor Kim Janey proposed making the MBTA Route 28 bus fare-free. Janey would later fund a pilot program to make the bus route fare-free for three months while acting mayor in 2021. <mask>'s advocacy is seen as popularizing the idea of fare-free public transportation in Boston. Crediting <mask> as a leader on fare-free public transit, in January 2021, the editorial board of The Boston Globe endorsed the idea of making the city's buses fare-free.<mask>'s promotion of fare-free public transit also inspired Lawrence, Massachusetts mayor Daniel Rivera to implement it in his city. Zoning and permitting
<mask> has advocated for reforming the city's permitting system. <mask> has called for the abolition of the Boston Planning & Development Agency, which she has characterized as being extremely politicized and "opaque". In 2019, her office published a 72-page report on the matter. <mask> came into conflict with mayor Marty Walsh over his appointees to the city's Zoning Board of Appeals. Marijuana
In 2016, <mask> supported Massachusetts Question 4 to legalize the recreational use of cannabis in Massachusetts. This put her at odds with Mayor Walsh, a prominent opponent of legalization.In 2019, <mask> supported a proposed ordinance introduced by Councilor Kim Janey which aimed to ensure that the legal cannabis industry in Boston would be equitable and fair for racial minority owners. This plan, in part, works to do so by only issuing business licenses to qualifying equity applicants for a period of two-years. The ordinance also included a new oversight board to assess and vote on applications for licenses based on a set criteria. It was by the City Council in November 2019. Walsh signed the ordinance into law later that month. Other matters
In June 2014, the Boston City Council unanimously passed an ordinance <mask> coauthored with fellow councilwoman Ayanna Pressley, which prohibits Boston's city government, "from contracting with any health insurer that denies coverage or discriminates in the amount of premium, policy fees, or rates charged...because of gender identity or expression". This ordinance guaranteed healthcare (including gender reassignment surgery, hormone therapy, and mental health services) to transgender city employees and their dependents.<mask> called the ordinance, "a matter of equity and of fairness". The ordinance had the support of Mayor Walsh prior to its passage. In 2018, <mask> proposed legislation that would establish a city identification card program in Boston. <mask> was a leading force in the years-long effort that established the Boston Little Saigon Cultural District. Other political activity

In 2016, <mask> endorsed Lydia Edwards' unsuccessful campaign in the special election for the Suffolk and Middlesex Massachusetts Senate district. <mask> was among the earliest supporters of Ayanna Pressley's successful 2018 Democratic primary election challenge to incumbent U.S. congressman Mike Capuano. In the 2018 election cycle, <mask> also endorsed Jay Gonzalez's unsuccessful campaign in the Massachusetts gubernatorial election.She also endorsed State Senator Byron Rushing in his unsuccessful 2018 reelection campaign. <mask> endorsed Elizabeth Warren's 2020 presidential campaign in a speech at Warren's official campaign launch in February 2019. <mask> was a campaign surrogate for Warren, campaigning on her behalf in New Hampshire and Iowa ahead of those states' primary and caucuses, respectively. Recognition
At the end of 2013, the readers of Boston magazine voted <mask> to be named the magazine's 2013 "Rookie of the Year", one three political awards given by the magazine that year. In 2017, the Massachusetts Democratic Party awarded <mask> its Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Award, which it considers its highest honor. In March 2018, <mask> was among six finalists to be honored as a "Rising Star" by EMILY's List, a national group that supports female Democratic candidates who support abortion rights. The next month, <mask> was listed as one of the "100 Most Influential People in Boston" by Boston magazine.In 2019, Rachel Allen of The Atlantic wrote that <mask> had emerged as one of Boston's "most effective politicians". Mayoral campaign

Primary election
Since at least 2019, <mask> was viewed as a potential challenger to incumbent mayor Marty Walsh, if Walsh sought reelection in 2021. In September 2020, Walsh told The Boston Globe that <mask> had told him of her intent to run in 2021. Later that month, <mask> announced her candidacy, declaring that she was running a "people-powered campaign to bring new leadership to Boston's executive office". Walsh was designated by President-elect Joe Biden to be his nominee for Secretary of Labor on January 7, 2021, leaving the mayor's race an open seat. Senator Elizabeth Warren endorsed <mask> for mayor two days later. In April, an analysis by The Boston Globe found that, of the six major candidates then-running, <mask> had received the least financial contributions from real estate developers.Andrew Martinez of Bisnow related this to <mask>'s plans to abolish the Boston Planning & Development Agency. <mask>'s primary election campaign was seen as possibly being boosted by a collection of young internet activists who had vigorously supported her campaign, referred to as the "Markeyverse" due to their support for Senator Ed Markey in his successful reelection campaign the previous year. She was endorsed by a number of progressive groups, including #VOTEPROCHOICE

By September 2021, <mask> was widely considered to be the front-runner in the nonpartisan primary election, with a significant polling lead. Her campaign emphasized "wonkery" (policy details), in a manner resembling <mask>'s mentor Elizabeth Warren. General election
<mask> placed first in the nonpartisan primary and advanced to the general election, where she faced fellow city council member Annissa Essaibi George. On September 25, Acting Mayor Kim Janey, who placed fourth in the nonpartisan primary, endorsed <mask> for the general election. After this, <mask> picked up further key endorsements from Congresswoman Ayanna Pressley and Senator Ed Markey.Martin J. Valencia of The Boston Globe called <mask>'s support from both of Massachusetts' U.S. Senators and Congresswoman Pressley, "an unprecedented level of support from Boston’s federal delegation in an open race for mayor". <mask> has rolled out a number of general election endorsements by community leaders from various cultural communities. In an October 7 article, Meghan E. Irons of The Boston Globe likened this to the 2013 general election campaign of Marty Walsh. At the start of the general election campaign, Joe Battenfield of the Boston Herald described <mask> as the general election's "presumptive front-runner." By early October, there was a wide perception of <mask> being the leading candidate in the general election. At that time, Meghan E. Irons and Meghan E. Irons of The Boston Globe opined that the developments of the general election campaign had largely been falling in <mask>'s favor.Joe Battenfeld of the Boston Herald characterized <mask> as "coasting on a front-runner campaign strategy". William Forry and Gintautas Dumcius of the Dorchester Reporter also opined that <mask> was the leading candidate in the general election. On October 22, the editorial board of The Boston Globe endorsed <mask> for the general election. On November 2, 2021, <mask> won the election with over 64% of the vote, with George conceding to <mask> at around 10:20 p.m. E.S.T. This made <mask> the first woman, first East Asian-American, and the first nonwhite person to become mayor of Boston. <mask> was sworn in and assumed office on November 16, 2021. Platform and campaign positions
<mask>'s mayoral platform includes her previously outlined proposals for a municipal Green New Deal, fare-free public transit, abolishing the Boston Planning & Development Agency, implementing a food justice agenda, and her previously declared support to reinstate rent stabilization.<mask> also supports restructuring the Boston School Committee (which is currently all-appointed since mayoral control of schools was adopted in the 1990s) to be majority-elected. <mask> calls for the creation of the Teacher Advisory Board, and the empowerment of the Boston Student Advisory Committee. <mask> proposes universal preschool and universal child care for Boston children under five years of age, and for a city office to coordinate early childhood education. <mask>'s police reform plan reiterates her earlier calls for the diversion of nonviolent 9-1-1 calls away from police, and instead to alternative response teams such as mental health clinicians, social workers, and community outreach workers. Mayor of Boston (2021–present)
<mask> was inaugurated as mayor on November 16, 2021. On November 22, 2021, <mask> signed an ordinance to divest $65,000,000 in city investments from companies that derive more than 15% of their revenue from fossil fuels, tobacco products, or prison facilities, as part of the Green New Deal for Boston. In December 2021, <mask> announced new vaccine mandates for restaurants, gyms and city workers starting from January 15, 2022, where people ages twelve years old and older must have received at least their first COVID vaccine shot to enter indoor venues throughout Boston.And by February 15, people will need to show proof of full vaccination. The mandates received fresh opposition, and in an interview with Boston Public Radio, <mask> stated that she received racist messages in response to vaccine requirements. Personal life
When <mask> was in her early twenties, living in Boston and working for Boston Consulting Group, her mother developed severe mental illness and was diagnosed with schizophrenia. <mask> returned to the family home in the Chicago suburbs to care for the mother and raise her two youngest siblings. She opened a tea house, hoping her mother might recover enough to run it. She also secured medical care for her mother. Later, after moving back to Boston with her mother and sister, she became the legal guardian of her youngest sibling, and entered law school.She sees this as the turning point of her life. <mask> married Conor Pewarski in September 2012. They live in Boston's Roslindale neighborhood with their two sons and with her mother. Electoral history

City Council

 write-in votes

Mayor

See also
 List of first women mayors in the United States
 List of first women mayors

References

External links

Official campaign website
<mask> – City Councilor, At-Large | City of Boston

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21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American mayors of Asian descent
American politicians of Taiwanese descent
American women of Taiwanese descent in politics
Asian-American city council members
Asian-American people in Massachusetts politics
Boston City Council members
Boston Consulting Group people
Harvard College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Lawyers from Boston
Massachusetts Democrats
Mayors of Boston
People from Roslindale
Politicians from Chicago
Women city councillors in Massachusetts
Women mayors of places in

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<mask> (<mask>), also Sejna in English, (12 May 1927 in Radhostice, Czechoslovakia – 23 August 1997 in New York City) was, in the time of communist Czechoslovakia, a Major General of the Czechoslovak Army. After losing political power and influence at the beginning of the Prague Spring, he sought refuge in the US consulate in Trieste and defected to the United States. He is the second highest-ranked officer to ever defect to the West from the Eastern Bloc, behind Lieutenant General Ion Mihai Pacepa of the Romanian Securitate. Significant motive for escape were his economic crimes. Among others, he illegally supplied collective farms with clover seed, hence he got nickname The Seed General (Semínkový generál). In 1974, he disclosed detailed Soviet plans of how to occupy Austria in case of an all-European war for speedy advances into Tito's Yugoslavia from the north west, across Italy's Friuli and the city of Trieste. The scenario, codenamed Polarka, foresaw a speedy occupation of Eastern Austria and Vienna much in the style of Czechoslovakia's occupation in August 1968, retaking Austria's post-war Soviet occupation zone from 1945 to 1955.Life

Rise to power
During the 1950s and 1960s, <mask> rose through the ranks of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) thanks to his political contacts and friends – like with Antonín Novotný Jr., the son of President Antonín Novotný and General Lomský at the Ministry of National Defence (Ministerstvo národní obrany, MNO) – built up a privileged position in the Czechoslovak People's Army (Československá lidová armáda, ČSLA). In 1956, he became Chief of the Secretariat of the MNO, in 1963 the Chief Secretary of the Main Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia at the MNO. In October 1967, he was promoted to the rank of General. He fully supported Stalinist practices of suppression and intimidation. Before the Prague Spring of 1968 began, the Czechoslovak Communist Party and affiliated members of the Soviet regime sought change through new leadership. Novotný's position as First Secretary (since 1953) and President (since 1957) weakened. There were soon speculations about <mask>'s personal participation in the planned military action of the army to support Novotný in the first weeks of 1968.Expecting backlash from reformers, "… General <mask> convinced the presidium of the Main Party Committee in the Ministry of Defense to send to the Central Committee a petition … insisting on Novotný's retention as first secretary." When Šejna failed to bring about Novotný's reinstatement, he began plotting a military coup, a plan which failed to gain support as well. Novotný was finally replaced by Alexander Dubček, a reform-minded member of the Czechoslovak party presidium, as leader of the party. Losing power, changing sides
Losing his political influence, <mask> was under investigation for corruption: "… the official case against General Šejna was limited to charges that he had allegedly misappropriated 300,000 crowns ($20,000) worth of state-owned alfalfa and clover seed". However, before he could be arrested he defected in February 1968 with his son and his son's fiancée to Italy and settled in the US. News of <mask>'s indictment and defection quickly spread through Czechoslovakia's increasingly open press. He soon came to be known as "Clover Seed General" for his alleged massive embezzlement of clover.Šejna was granted asylum in the United States, much to the dismay of Soviet authorities and became an intelligence source for American agencies and policy makers. According to Czechoslovak ambassador Duda, it was ironic that, "<mask>, who represented the worst elements of the conservative clique in Prague, should find haven in the United States". In 1970, <mask> was sentenced by Czechoslovak courts in absentia to ten years in prison, to the forfeiture of his property and loss of all of his official titles and decorations. Czechoslovakia unsuccessfully requested the US to extradite him. Life in the United States
In the following three decades in the United States, <mask> worked as a counterintelligence analyst for the Central Intelligence Agency later as a consultant to the Defense Intelligence Agency until his death in 1997. He spoke out in interviews and appeared before U.S. Congressional committees. Facts and fiction

He claimed "that the Soviet intelligence agency directed terrorist training camps in Czechoslovakia in the mid-60s … the Soviet Union collaborated with North Korea in the capture of the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo from Pacific waters in 1968 and that Cuba and Czechoslovakia worked together to establish drug-trafficking networks throughout Latin America and to infiltrate those in existence … the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia tested drugs on U.S. prisoners of war during the Korean and Vietnam wars".In his book We Will Bury You, <mask> gave an insight into Soviet Cold War strategies, quoting Konstantin Katushev, secretary of the Soviet Central Committee: "If we can impose on the U.S.A. the external restraints proposed in our Plan, and seriously disrupt the American economy, the working and the lower middle classes will suffer the consequences and they will turn on the society that has failed them. They will be ready for revolution." He provided a lot of interesting facts about the Communist power system and its protagonists. However, he also fabricated some mere speculations. Along with the information he provided concerning covert Soviet strategy, he also gave the West an otherwise shrouded picture of political strife and reform in the Communist state of Czechoslovakia. Speculations (some of them) by Šejna

 Czechoslovaks participated in human experiments on US POWs in North Korea in the early 1950s (see also section Speculations about medical experiments on POWs in the Ludvík Souček entry)

 by others

 He died "under suspicious circumstances"

See also
 List of Eastern Bloc defectors

References
 [Robert Buchar]: "And Reality Be Damned: What media didn't tell you about the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism in Europe", Eloquent Book, USA, 2010 (pg.67 -81)
 Hruby, Peter: Fools and Heroes: The Changing Role of Communist Intellectuals in Czechoslovakia, Peramom Press (Aust. ), Potts Point, Australia, 1980 (pg.171)
 Bradley, J.F.N. : Politics in Czechoslovakia, 1945–1971, University Press of America, Washington, D.C., 1989 (pg. 122)
 Skoug, Kenneth: Czechoslovakia's Lost Fight for Freedom 1967–1969: An American Embassy Perspective, Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT, 1999 (pg. 55)
 Randal, Jonathan: Czech General Who Fled to U.S. Is Linked to Plot to Aid Novotný, New York Times, New York, NY,: 7 March 1968 (pg. 2)
 Memorandum of Conservation with Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. 21 March 1968
 Estrada, Louie: Gen. <mask>, Czech Defector, Dies, The Washington Post, Washington D.C.: 27 August 1997
 Sejna, <mask>: We Will Bury You, Sidgwick & Jackson, London, England,1982 (pg. 154)
 Unna, Warren: Key Czech General Asks U.S. Asylum, The Washington Post, Washington, D.C.: 7 March 1968 (pg. A1)

Quotes
 Šejna should be judged as a prototype of an opportunist and a schemer brought up by the Communist party.–<mask>: General Šejna – An Object of Interest of the Military Counter-Intelligence (English summary)

 External links
 Milan Macák: Questions About Šejna, Military Intelligence of the Czech Republic
 <mask>: Generál <mask> – předmět zájmu vojenské kontrarozvědky (in Czech, General Šejna – An Object of Interest of the Military Counter-Intelligence'')

1927 births
1997 deaths
American people of Czech descent
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Czechoslovak defectors
Czech generals
Defectors to the United States

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D'<mask> (born February 23, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Timberwolves of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected as a McDonald's All-American in 2014 and played college basketball for the Ohio State Buckeyes. He was the second overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft by the Los Angeles Lakers. Playing point guard, he was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team with the Lakers in 2016. He was traded to the Brooklyn Nets in 2017, and received his first All-Star selection in 2019. In the 2019 off-season he joined the Golden State Warriors via a sign-and-trade deal, and was then traded to the Timberwolves at the 2020 trade deadline. High school career

<mask> attended Central High School in Louisville, Kentucky as a freshman in 2010–11, before transferring to Montverde Academy in Montverde, Florida for his sophomore season.In 2014, he helped Montverde win back-to-back High School National Tournament championships playing alongside Ben Simmons. He later played in the McDonald's All-American Game and Jordan Brand Classic. <mask> committed to Ohio State on June 7, 2013, choosing the Buckeyes over Louisville, Michigan State and North Carolina. <mask> was rated by Rivals.com as a five-star recruit. College career
<mask> played one season of college basketball for the Ohio State Buckeyes. On January 9, 2015, he recorded a career-high 14 rebounds in a win over Maryland, later scoring a career-high 33 points in a win over Northwestern on January 21. On February 8, in a 79–60 win over Rutgers, <mask> recorded a triple-double with 23 points, 11 rebounds and 11 assists.This was the first triple-double recorded by an Ohio State freshman. During the NCAA Tournament, <mask> scored 28 points in a 75–72 overtime win over VCU. However, the Buckeyes' season ended the following round with a 73–58 loss to Arizona. <mask> earned the Oscar Robertson Trophy, Wayman Tisdale Award and Jerry West Award. He was named a consensus first-team All-American, as well as first-team All-Big Ten and Big Ten Freshman of the Year. In 35 games for Ohio State in 2014–15, <mask> averaged 19.3 points, 5.7 rebounds, 5.0 assists and 1.6 steals in 33.9 minutes per game. On April 22, 2015, <mask> declared for the NBA draft, forgoing his final three years of college eligibility.He was touted by many scouts and reporters to be one of the top prospects in the 2015 draft. Professional career

Los Angeles Lakers (2015–2017)

2015–16 season: Rookie season

On June 25, 2015, <mask> was selected by the Los Angeles Lakers with the second overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft. In his debut for the Lakers in their season opener on October 28, 2015, <mask> recorded four points, three rebounds and two assists in just under 26 minutes in a 112–111 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. On December 4, he recorded his first career double-double with 16 points and 10 rebounds in a 112–111 loss to the Atlanta Hawks. On January 7, 2016, he scored 11 of his 27 points in the fourth quarter of the Lakers' 118–115 loss to the Sacramento Kings. <mask> participated in the 2016 Rising Stars Challenge, where he recorded 22 points and seven assists in Team USA's win over Team World. On March 1, he set career highs with 39 points and eight three-pointers in a 107–101 win over the Brooklyn Nets.His 39 points were the most by any rookie in 2015–16 and the most by a Lakers rookie in a regular season game since Elgin Baylor had 55 in March 1959. His eight three-pointers broke Nick Van Exel's previous rookie Laker record of six in a single game. He finished the 2015–16 season leading the Lakers and all rookies in steals per game, and became the youngest player to hit 130 three-pointers in a season. He subsequently earned NBA All-Rookie Second Team honors. 2016–17 season
In the Lakers' season opener on October 26, 2016, <mask> scored 20 points in a 120–114 win over the Houston Rockets. On November 15, he scored a then season-high 32 points in a 125–118 win over the Nets. He missed time between November and January with knee and calf injuries.On January 31, he recorded his second career double-double with 22 points, a career-high 10 assists and seven rebounds in his return from a three-game absence with a pair of mild leg injuries, helping the Lakers defeat the Denver Nuggets by a score of 120–116. He set a new career high for assists with 11 against the Washington Wizards the following game on February 2. On March 19, he scored a career-high 40 points in a 125–120 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. Brooklyn Nets (2017–2019)

2017–18 season

On June 22, 2017, <mask> was traded, along with Timofey Mozgov, to the Brooklyn Nets in exchange for Brook Lopez and the rights to Kyle Kuzma, the 27th pick in the 2017 NBA draft. In his debut for the Nets in their season opener on October 18, 2017, <mask> had 30 points and five assists in a 140–131 loss to the Indiana Pacers. On October 31, he scored a season-high 33 points in a 122–114 loss to the Phoenix Suns. On November 17, he underwent arthroscopic surgery on his left knee and was subsequently ruled out indefinitely.He returned to action against the Miami Heat on January 19, playing 14 minutes after missing 32 games. He went 0-for-5 from the field in a 101–95 win. On January 31, in his best performance since knee surgery, <mask> scored 22 points in a 116–108 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On February 14, he recorded 18 points and nine assists off the bench in a 108–103 loss to the Indiana Pacers, becoming the first Nets player to notch 15+ points and 5+ assists off the bench in three straight games since Orlando Woolridge in 1986–87. On February 22, he started for the first time since November 11 and scored 19 points on 7-of-16 shooting in a 111–96 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. On February 27, he had a 25-point effort in a 129–123 loss to the Cleveland Cavaliers. On March 13, he scored 24 of his 32 points in the first quarter of the Nets' 116–102 loss to the Toronto Raptors.<mask>'s 24 points in the first quarter were the most by a Net in the opening period since Vince Carter's 24 on April 4, 2005, against Boston. On March 23, he recorded his first career triple-double with 18 points, 13 assists and 11 rebounds in a 116–112 loss to the Raptors. <mask>'s triple-double was the first for the Nets since Terrence Williams had one against Chicago on April 9, 2010. 2018–19 season: First All-Star selection
On November 12, 2018, <mask> made a career-high nine 3-pointers and scored 31 points in a 120–113 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. On November 25, he had his highest scoring total with the Nets, recording 38 points, eight assists and eight rebounds in a 127–125 loss to the 76ers. On December 18, he had 22 points and a career high-tying 13 assists in a 115–110 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On January 2, he had 22 points and 13 assists in a 126–121 win over the New Orleans Pelicans.On January 14, he scored 18 of his 34 points in the third quarter of the Nets' 109–102 win over the Boston Celtics. On January 18, he matched his career high with 40 points in a 117–115 win over the Orlando Magic. He was subsequently named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played from Monday, January 14, through Sunday, January 20. It was his first career Player of the Week award. On February 1, 2019, he received his first All-Star selection as a replacement for the injured All-Star Victor Oladipo in the 2019 game. On February 11, he recorded 28 points and a career-high 14 assists in a 127–125 loss to the Raptors. On February 13, he scored 14 of his 36 points in the third overtime of the Nets' 148–139 triple-overtime win over the Cavaliers.On February 23, he tied a career high with 40 points in a 117–115 win over the Hornets. On March 19, <mask> scored 27 of his career-high 44 points in the fourth quarter, keying the Nets' 123–121 win over the Sacramento Kings after trailing by as many as 28. He also had four 3-pointers in the fourth quarter, breaking Allen Crabbe's single-season franchise record of 201 3-pointers. On March 25, he had 39 points, nine rebounds and eight assists in a 148–144 double-overtime loss to the Portland Trail Blazers. <mask> helped the Nets finish the regular season as the sixth seed in the Eastern Conference with a 42–40 record. In Game 1 of the Nets' first-round playoff series against the Philadelphia 76ers, <mask> scored 26 points in his postseason debut to lead Brooklyn to a 111–102 win. On June 28, 2019, the Nets extended a qualifying offer to <mask> in order to make him a restricted free agent.Golden State Warriors (2019–2020)
On July 7, 2019, <mask> was sent to the Golden State Warriors as part of a sign-and-trade package for Kevin Durant. On November 8, <mask> scored a career-high 52 points on 37 shots in a 125–119 overtime loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. Minnesota Timberwolves (2020–present)
On February 6, 2020, <mask> was traded to the Minnesota Timberwolves along with Jacob Evans and Omari Spellman for Andrew Wiggins, a protected future first-round draft pick, and a future second round draft pick. He debuted for Minnesota four days later, recording 22 points and five assists in a 137–126 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On February 23, he sat out the first game of a back-to-back against the Denver Nuggets to rest his sore knee. Since the game was nationally televised on NBA TV, the visiting Timberwolves were deemed to have violated the NBA's policy against resting healthy players and fined $25,000, becoming the first team to be fined since the policy was instituted in 2017. Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

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<mask> FRS CorrFRSE (born 18 October 1945) is an English mathematician who works on symplectic geometry. She was the first recipient of the Ruth Lyttle Satter Prize in Mathematics, was a Noether Lecturer, and is a Fellow of the Royal Society. Early life and education
<mask> was born in London, England, on 18 October 1945 to Edinburgh architect Margaret Justin Blanco White, second wife of biologist Conrad Hal Waddington, her father. Her sister is the anthropologist Caroline Humphrey, and she has an elder half-brother C. Jake Waddington by her father's first marriage. Her mother was the daughter of Amber Reeves, the noted feminist, author and lover of H. G. Wells. McDuff grew up in Scotland where her father was Professor of Genetics at the University of Edinburgh. McDuff was educated at St George's School for Girls in Edinburgh and, although the standard was lower than at the corresponding boys' school, The Edinburgh Academy, McDuff had an exceptionally good mathematics teacher.She writes:

I always wanted to be a mathematician (apart from a time when I was eleven when I wanted to be a farmer's wife), and assumed that I would have a career, but I had no idea how to go about it: I didn't realize that the choices which one made about education were important and I had no idea that I might experience real difficulties and conflicts in reconciling the demands of a career with life as a woman. Turning down a scholarship to the University of Cambridge to stay with her boyfriend in Scotland, she enrolled at the University of Edinburgh. She graduated with a BSc Hons in 1967, going on to Girton College, Cambridge as a doctoral student. Here, under the guidance of mathematician George A. Reid, McDuff worked on problems in functional analysis. She solved a problem on Von Neumann algebras, constructing infinitely many different factors of type II1, and published the work in the Annals of Mathematics. After completing her doctorate in 1971 McDuff was appointed to a two-year Science Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship at Cambridge. Following her husband, the literary translator <mask>, she left for a six-month visit to Moscow.Her husband was studying the Russian Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky. Though McDuff had no specific plans it turned out to be a profitable visit for her mathematically. There, she met Israel Gelfand in Moscow who gave her a deeper appreciation of mathematics. <mask> later wrote:
[My collaboration with him]... was not planned: it happened that his was the only name which came to mind when I had to fill out a form in the Inotdel office. The first thing that Gel'fand told me was that he was much more interested in the fact that my husband was studying the Russian Symbolist poet Innokenty Annensky than that I had found infinitely many type II-sub-one factors, but then he proceeded to open my eyes to the world of mathematics. It was a wonderful education, in which reading Pushkin, Mozart and Salieri played as important a role as learning about Lie groups or reading Cartan and Eilenberg. Gel'fand amazed me by talking of mathematics as though it were poetry.He once said about a long paper bristling with formulas that it contained the vague beginnings of an idea which he could only hint at and which he had never managed to bring out more clearly. I had always thought of mathematics as being much more straightforward: a formula is a formula, and an algebra is an algebra, but Gel'fand found hedgehogs lurking in the rows of his spectral sequences! On returning to Cambridge <mask> started attending Frank Adams's topology lectures and was soon invited to teach at the University of York. In 1975 she separated from her husband, and was divorced in 1978. At the University of York, she "essentially wrote a second PhD" while working with Graeme Segal. At this time a position at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) opened up for her, reserved for visiting female mathematicians. Her career as a mathematician developed further while at MIT, and soon she was accepted to the Institute for Advanced Study where she worked with Segal on the Atiyah–Segal completion theorem.She then returned to England, where she took up a lectureship at the University of Warwick. Around this time she met mathematician John Milnor who was then based in Princeton University. To live closer to him she took up an untenured assistant professorship at the Stony Brook University. Now an independent mathematician, she began work on the relationship between diffeomorphisms and the classifying space for foliations. She has since worked on symplectic topology. In the spring of 1985, <mask> attended the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques in Paris to study Mikhael Gromov's work on elliptic methods. Since 2007, she has held the Helen Lyttle Kimmel chair at Barnard College.In 1984 McDuff married John Milnor, a mathematician at Stony Brook University, and a Fields medallist, Wolf Prize winner and Abel Prize Laureate. Work and research
For the past 30 years <mask> has been a contributor to the development of the field of symplectic geometry and topology. She gave the first example of symplectic forms on a closed manifold that are cohomologous but not diffeomorphic and also classified the rational and ruled symplectic four-manifolds, completed with François Lalonde. More recently, partly in collaboration with Susan Tolman, she has studied applications of methods of symplectic topology to the theory of Hamiltonian torus actions. She has also worked on embedding capacities of 4-dimensional symplectic ellipsoids with Felix Schlenk, which gives rise to some very interesting number-theoretical questions. It also indicates a connection between the combinatorics of J-holomorphic curves in the blow up of the projective plane and the numbers that appear as indices in embedded contact homology. With Katrin Wehrheim, she has challenged the foundational rigor of a classic proof in symplectic geometry.With Dietmar Salamon, she co-authored two textbooks Introduction to Symplectic Topology and J-Holomorphic Curves and Symplectic Topology. Honours and recognition
<mask> was the first to be awarded the Satter Prize, in 1991, for her work on symplectic geometry; she is a Fellow of the Royal Society (1994), a Noether Lecturer (1998) and a member of both the United States National Academy of Sciences (1999) and the American Philosophical Society (2013). In 2008 she was elected a Corresponding Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. She was a Plenary Lecturer at the 1998 International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) and an Invited Speaker at the 1990 ICM. In 2012 she became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. In 1999, she was the first female Hardy Lecturer, an award from the London Mathematical Society. She is also a member of the Academia Europaea,
and is part of the 2019 class of fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics.In 2010, she was awarded the Senior Berwick Prize of the London Mathematical Society. For 2017 she received, jointly with Dietmar Salamon, the AMS Leroy P. Steele Prize for Mathematical Exposition. In 2018 she received the Sylvester Medal by the Royal Society. References

Further reading
 Speech delivered to the American Mathematics Society, Jan. 1991, in San Francisco, on the occasion of receiving the Satter Prize

External links
 "<mask> McDuff", Biographies of Women Mathematicians, Agnes Scott College
 Home page and Vita – <mask> <mask>, Stony Brooks Mathematics Department
 Video interview with <mask> at the Centre International de Rencontres Mathématiques

1945 births
Living people
20th-century mathematicians
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Academics of the University of Warwick
Barnard College faculty
English expatriates in the United States
English mathematicians
Fellows of Girton College, Cambridge
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the Association for Women in Mathematics
Fellows of the Royal Society
Female Fellows of the Royal Society
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of Academia Europaea
People from Stony Brook, New York
Stony Brook University faculty
British women academics
British expatriate academics
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
20th-century women mathematicians
Members of the American Philosophical Society

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Dusa McDuff
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<mask> (December 31, 1929 – March 20, 2017) was an American editor who served as editor of The New York Review of Books from 1963 to 2017. Raised on Long Island, New York, <mask> graduated from the University of Chicago in 1947 and attended Yale Law School, but he left before graduating and worked as press secretary to <mask> in 1950. He was sent by the U.S. Army to Paris in 1952 as a speechwriter and press aide, while finishing his education at the Sorbonne and Sciences Po. He soon joined The Paris Review as an editor under the guidance of George Plimpton. From 1959 to 1963, he was an associate editor of Harper's Magazine in New York. <mask> was co-editor of The New York Review of Books with <mask> for 43 years, until she died in 2006, and was the sole editor of the magazine after that until his own death in 2017. Philip Marino of Liveright Publishing wrote of him: "Like a chemist pairing ingredients to induce a specific reaction, <mask> has built his career matching the right author and subject, in hopes of generating an exciting and illuminating result."<mask> edited or co-edited several essay anthologies. He appeared prominently in the 2014 documentary film about the Review, The 50 Year Argument. Silvers' awards and honorary degrees include the National Book Foundation's Literarian Award, the American Academy of Arts and Letters' Award for "Distinguished Service to the Arts", the Ivan Sandrof Award for Lifetime Achievement in Publishing and a National Humanities Medal. Among other honors, he was a Chevalier of the French Légion d’honneur and a member of the French Ordre National du Mérite. Life and career

<mask> was born in Mineola, New York, and grew up in Farmingdale and then Rockville Centre, New York, the son of James J<mask> (1892–1986), a salesman, sometime farmer and small business owner, and Rose Roden <mask> (1895–1979), a music and arts columnist for The New York Globe, restaurateur, and one of the first female radio hosts for RCA. He had one brother, Edwin D<mask> (1927–2000), a civil engineer. His paternal grandparents were Romanian Jewish immigrants, and his maternal grandparents were Russian Jews.<mask> graduated from the University of Chicago with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1947 (at the age of 17) after completing an accelerated two-year program and attended Yale Law School for three semesters. <mask> worked as press secretary to Connecticut Governor <mask> in 1950, who was campaigning for reelection. During the Korean War he served in the U.S. Army, which sent him to the SHAPE Headquarters in Paris in 1952 as a speechwriter and press aide. While in Paris, he attended the Sorbonne and Paris Institute of Political Studies (best known as Sciences Po), eventually receiving its certificate. His official duties left him time to work as an editor of a quarterly magazine published by the World Assembly of Youth and as a commissioning editor representing a small publishing company, Noonday Press. In 1954, while working for Noonday, he met and befriended George Plimpton, editor of the new magazine The Paris Review, and after <mask>' discharge from the Army a few months later, Plimpton invited him to become managing editor. Plimpton returned to the US in 1955, leaving <mask> in charge.He later said that <mask> "made The Paris Review what it was". <mask> continued his studies at the same time. In 1958, he returned to New York, becoming associate editor of Harper's Magazine, where he remained until 1963. For an issue of the magazine in 1959 focusing on the state of writing in America, he engaged Elizabeth Hardwick to contribute her essay "The Decline of Book Reviewing", which fifty years later he described as "one of the most thrilling pieces I've ever published". It became an inspiration for the founding of The New York Review of Books. In 1960, he edited the book Writing in America and translated La Gangrene, which describes the brutal torture of seven Algerian men by the Paris Security Police in 1958, shortly after Charles de Gaulle came to power. During the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike, when The New York Times and six other newspapers suspended publication, Hardwick, her husband <mask>, and Jason and <mask>, saw an opportunity to introduce the sort of vigorous book review that Hardwick had imagined.Jason Epstein knew that book publishers would advertise their books in the new publication, since they had no other outlet for promoting new books. The group asked <mask>, who was still at Harper's, to edit the issue, and <mask> asked <mask> to co-edit it with him. <mask> and Epstein "became an inseparable double act", editing The New York Review of Books together for the next 43 years, until her death in 2006. <mask> continued as sole editor until his death in March 2017. In later years, he described his motivation for continuing to edit the Review: "I feel it's a fantastic opportunity – because of the freedom of it, because of the sense that there are marvelous, intensely interesting, important questions that you have a chance to try to deal with in an interesting way. That's an extraordinary opportunity in life. And you'd be crazy not to try and make the most of it."He said on another occasion: "We do what we want and don't try to figure out what the public wants." Asked in 2007 about who might succeed him as editor, <mask> replied: "It's not a question that's posing itself". In 2012, he added, "I can think of several people who would be marvelous editors." <mask> also edited or co-edited several essay anthologies, including Writing in America (1960); A Middle East Reader: Selected Essays on the Middle East (1991); The First Anthology: Thirty Years of the New York Review (1993); Hidden Histories of Science (1995); India: A Mosaic (2000); Doing It: Five Performing Arts (2001 (a collection of essays on the performing arts)); The Legacy of Isaiah Berlin (2001); Striking Terror (2002); The Company They Kept (vol. 1, 2006; vol. 2, 2011); The Consequences to Come: American Power After Bush (2008); and  The New York Review Abroad: Fifty Years of International Reportage (2013). In 2009, he wrote the essay "Dilemmas eines Herausgebers" ("Dilemmas of an editor") appearing in the Austrian journal Transit – Europäische Revue.He also served on the editorial committee of La Rivista dei Libri, the Italian-language edition of the Review, until it closed in 2010. <mask> never married or had children. He was linked romantically in the 1960s with Lady <mask>. For more than four decades from 1975 until her death, he lived with Grace, Countess of Dudley (1923–2016), widow of the 3rd Earl of Dudley, with whom he shared a passion for opera. Silvers commented that Dudley's "fineness of mind and spirit has been the center of my life." A long-time pescetarian, Silvers "was struck by the essays of ... moral philosopher Peter Singer, who has written extensively about animal rights." <mask> died on March 20, 2017, at the age of 87, at his Manhattan home "after a brief illness".A memorial service was hosted by the New York Public Library in April 2017. Reputation

According to John Richardson in a 2007 Vanity Fair article, "Jason Epstein's assessment of <mask> as 'The most brilliant editor of a magazine ever to have worked in this country' has been 'shared by virtually all of us who have been published by <mask>'". The British newspaper  The Guardian called <mask> "the greatest literary editor there has ever been", while Library of America remembered him as "an unsurpassed editor who helped define and sustain the literary and intellectual culture of New York and America". The New York Times described him as "the voracious polymath, the obsessive perfectionist, the slightly unknowable bachelor-workaholic with the colossal Rolodexes and faintly British diction", and, in his obituary, stated that "under his editorship [The Review] became one of the premier intellectual journals in the United States, a showcase for extended, thoughtful essays on literature and politics by eminent writers." Author <mask> wrote, "the ideal editor of my – and I would guess every writer’s – dreams is ... <mask><mask>, the editor, brain, and heart of the NYRB. When I write a piece for his magazine, of course I have the immeasurable good luck to be edited by him. There is no experience quite like it.<mask> knows everything that's worth knowing, a consequence of his unflagging curiosity." "<mask>'s edits are scrupulous, comprehensive, and precise. They are frequently aimed at saving the reviewer's face." Roger Cohen wrote, after <mask>' death, "No eye for imprecise thought was ever more discerning; no edit a sharper yet gentler distillation than his. ... He was a stickler for accuracy. The pencil in his hand went to the heart of the matter."In a 2012 profile of Silvers, The New York Times noted: "His greatest pleasure ... is simply good writing, which he talks about as others talk about fine wine or good food. Speaking about writers he likes, he sometimes flushes with enthusiasm. 'I admire great writers, people with marvelous and beautiful minds, and always hope they will do something special and revealing for us.'" Philip Marino, in The University of Chicago Magazine, commented: "Like a chemist pairing ingredients to induce a specific reaction, Silvers has built his career matching the right author and subject, in hopes of generating an exciting and illuminating result. ... 'he puts a writer together with material that even the writer might not have thought was appropriate,' says Daniel Mendelsohn". Glen Weldon, writing for NPR, concurred: "He encouraged writers to craft each review as a vigorous intellectual argument, and delighted in pairing reviewers with books that challenged their personal or political worldview." Professor <mask> wrote: "Reviewing for <mask> was like playing in the sprinkling rain of a mighty fountain ... to be doused in the sheer, bubbling delight of <mask>’s own unquenchable enthusiasm and alert, discerning curiosity.It widened the heart". In The Nation, Harvard professor Stanley Hoffmann observed that, in publishing some of the earliest criticisms of the Vietnam and Iraq wars, <mask> realized what other commentators missed: "In both instances, <mask>s was, in effect, whether deliberately or not, compensating for the weaknesses of the more established media. ... It was important that a journal which has the authority of the Review in a sense took up the slack and presented viewpoints which were extremely hard to get into the established media." The Nation

masks:
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 added, during the Iraq war:One suspects [the editors of the Review] yearn for the day when they can return to their normal publishing routine – that gentlemanly pastiche of philosophy, art, classical music, photography, German and Russian history, East European politics, literary fiction – unencumbered by political duties of a confrontational or oppositional nature. That day has not yet arrived. If and when it does, let it be said that the editors met the challenges of the post-9/11 era in a way that most other leading American publications did not, and that The New York Review of Books ... was there when we needed it most.<mask> said: "The great political issues of power and its abuses have always been natural questions for us". His obituary in The New York Times commented that "Silvers made human rights and the need to check excessive state power his preoccupations, rising at times to the level of a crusade. ... [Silvers said], 'skepticism about government ... is a crucial point of view we have had from the first'." In his 1974 book The American Intellectual Elite, Columbia University sociologist Charles Kadushin interviewed "the seventy most prestigious" American intellectuals of the late 1960s, including <mask>. The Time magazine review of the book expressed surprise at <mask>' position near the top of the list: "<mask>, the editor of the New York Review of Books, the magazine that [Kadushin] indicates is favored by intellectuals who want to reach other intellectuals ... is an able editor but an infrequent writer; it must be assumed that his ranking at the top ... is due to a power not unlike that of the maître d' of an exclusive restaurant." Silvers had a reputation for hiring and developing assistants who later became prominent in journalism, academia and literature. In 2010, New York magazine featured several of these, including Jean Strouse, Deborah Eisenberg, Mark Danner and A. O. Scott.Two of his former assistants, Gabriel Winslow-Yost and Emily Greenhouse, were appointed co-editors of the Review in February 2019. In February 2011, Oliver Sacks identified <mask> as his "favorite New Yorker, living or dead, real or fictional", saying that the Review is "one of the great institutions of intellectual life here or anywhere." Timothy Noah at Politico concluded that <mask> "made the New York Review the country’s best and most influential literary journal". Work habits and editorial approach
Jonathan Miller said of <mask>' work habits: "He isn't just conscientious beyond the call of duty. He defines what duty is. You will often find him working until two in the morning in the office, with his little assistants from Harvard around him. He never stops.He's always meeting people, and talking". Claire Messud wrote in 2012 that she was impressed, when submitting reviews for novels to the Review, that <mask> had "read the novel at hand, and sometimes with more sensitivity than I had ... he pointed out, delicately, that I'd attributed a quotation to the wrong character, and upon another occasion, that I'd summarized an event in a misleading way ... [but] <mask> is unfailingly generous and kind, someone who carefully suggests rather than commands alteration. He is an extraordinary editor in part because he is always respectful, of even the least of his contributors, or the least contribution." Charles Rosen elaborated:

<mask> [has not] sunk his personality into his profession; rather... he has found a means of transforming his profession into a fundamental way of being human. Extracting reviews from writers is not, in his case, a métier, or even a way of life, but a genuine form of self-expression, and he exercises it with dignity, tact and what sometimes feels like excessive sympathy. He has made writers feel that producing articles for him is not a business transaction or even process of communication, but simply a reciprocal act of friendship. A Financial Times interviewer, Emily Stokes, wrote in 2013 that Silvers viewed editing as "an instinct.You must choose writers carefully, having read all of their work, rather than being swayed by 'reputations that are, shall we say, overpromoted', and then anticipate their needs, sending them books and news articles" while seeking greater clarity, comprehensiveness and freshness in the writing. Stokes commented that Silvers "radiates a genial warmth [but told her that] it is part of the editor's role ... not to be swayed by friendships with authors but to let reviewers express their genuine views." Silvers described some of the diplomatic aspects of the job: "The act of reviewing can have a deep emotional effect. People get hurt and upset. You have to be aware of that, but you can't flinch. [You must also reject reviews] sometimes. You say, 'No, I'm terribly sorry, I can't visualise that in the paper.I don't think it's adequate to the subject.'" James Atlas wrote of a typical day for Silvers: "In the late afternoon, he'd rush out to a lecture at the Council on Foreign Relations, show up at a dinner party, and then head back to the office to deal with the next breaking crisis." Timothy Noah wrote: "Silvers edited three successive galleys for every piece, sharpening the argument, requesting additional evidence, removing pompous jargon and infelicitous phrases." His New York Times obituary noted: "Silvers brought to [the Review] a self-effacing, almost priestly sense of devotion. ... [He was] loath to grant interviews. ... He arrived at the office early and left late, if at all, to the kind of heavyweight cocktail party that was, for him, a happy hunting ground for writers and ideas."Legacy
At the time of his death, <mask> left the Review with a circulation of more than 130,000, its book publishing operations, and a reputation as "the country’s best and most influential literary journal. ... It's hard to imagine that Hardwick ... would complain today that book reviewing is too polite." The 50 Year Argument, a 2014 documentary film about the Review, co-directed by Martin Scorsese, is "'[a]nchored by the old-world charm' of its editor, <mask>". In 2019, <mask>' estate created the Robert B. Silvers Foundation to support writers of in-depth political, social, economic, and scientific commentary, long-form arts and literary criticism, and intellectual essays. Daniel Mendelsohn is the foundation's director, and Rea Hederman is its president. It awards annual prizes, called the Silvers-Dudley Prizes, recognizing outstanding writing, including the Robert B. Silvers Prize for Journalism; the Robert B. Silvers Prize for Criticism; and the Grace Dudley Prize for Writing on European Culture.Prizes are in the amounts of $30,000 each for writers over 40, and $15,000 each for those under 40. The first prizes were awarded in 2022. Besides serving as a trustee of the New York Public Library, <mask> was "personally, and very discreetly, involved in the struggle to keep neighbourhood libraries open in the poorest precincts of New York." The annual <mask><mask> lectures at the New York Public Library were established by Max Palevsky in 2002 and are given by experts in the fields of "literature, the arts, politics, economics, history, and the sciences." The lectures have been given by Joan Didion, J. M. Coetzee, <mask>, Michael Kimmelman, Daniel Mendelsohn, Nicholas Kristof, Zadie Smith, Oliver Sacks, Derek Walcott, <mask>, Darryl Pinckney, Lorrie Moore, Joyce Carol Oates, Helen Vendler, and Paul Krugman. Honors and awards

On November 15, 2006, <mask>, together with Epstein, received the National Book Foundation Literarian Award for Outstanding Service to the American Literary Community. With Epstein, he also received in 2006 the Award for "Distinguished Service to the Arts" from the American Academy of Arts and Letters.The National Book Critics Circle honored <mask> with the Ivan Sandrof Award for Lifetime Achievement in Publishing for 2011, and in 2012, he was honored with the Hadada Prize by The Paris Review, and a "N.Y.C. Literary Honor" "for contributions to literary life" in New York City. At the N.Y.C. Literary Honors, readings were given, and, "in what may have been the most moving reading, [Silvers] excerpted architecture critic Martin Filler's rhapsodic review of the 9/11 Memorial designed by the young architect Michael Arad, which appeared in the NYRB last year." In 2013, the French-American Foundation honored him with its Vergennes Achievement Award. Also in 2013, he was awarded the 2012 National Humanities Medal by President <mask> "for offering critical perspectives on writing. ... [H]e has invigorated our literature with cultural and political commentary and elevated the book review to a literary art form."Among other honors, <mask> was a member of the executive board of the PEN American Center, the American Ditchley Foundation and the American Academy in Rome; he served as a trustee of the New York Public Library from 1997 and on the Paris Review Foundation. He was also a Chevalier of the French Légion d’honneur and a member of the French Ordre National du Mérite. In 1996, he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2007, Harvard University awarded him an honorary degree of Doctor of Letters. and in 2013 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the British Academy. In 2014, he received honorary Doctor of Letters degrees from both the University of Oxford and Columbia University. <mask> was a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Century Association.References

External links
"Mr. Silvers, Will You Peek at My Books? ": article on Silvers in New York Observer, 2008
NPR interview of Silvers, 2013
2014 interview of Silvers by Alaine Elkann
Hear Silvers discuss 2008 books with Ramona Koval
<mask>' acceptance speech for Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award, 2012
Interview with Silvers on the 45th anniversary of the Review, on Thoughtcast
Silvers in trailer of The 50 Year Argument

1929 births
2017 deaths
Sciences Po alumni
American male journalists
American magazine editors
American book editors
American publishers (people)
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Jewish American journalists
Journalists from New York (state)
Military personnel from New York (state)
The New York Review of Books
National Humanities Medal recipients
The New York Review of Books people
People from Mineola, New York
People from Farmingdale, New York
People from Rockville Centre, New York
Honorary Fellows of the British Academy
21st-century American

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<mask> AO DSc FASSA FAA FRSN FAHMS (, born 6 December 1944) is a Greek Australian neuroscientist, born in Ithaca, Greece. He completed his BA in psychology at the University of California at Berkeley and his PhD at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. After a postdoctoral year at Yale University, he moved to the School of Psychology of the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia. He is currently an NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellow at Neuroscience Research Australia and Scientia Professor of Medical Sciences at the University of New South Wales. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, the Australian Academy of Social Sciences in Australia, and the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences. He was also awarded a Distinguished Fellow of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 2019. <mask> is a corresponding member of the Academy of Athens, and the only Australian with this award.Personal life
Although known for his impact within neuroscience, <mask> has a history of campaigning for the environment. For more than 10 years (1989 - 2000), <mask> was the leading proponent of light rail for the city of Sydney. His motivation had been to reduce atmospheric pollution from automobile use. He founded the Light Rail Association and, through this organization, produced a plan for a comprehensive light rail system to complement the heavy rail network of Sydney. He organized demonstrations to preserve tramway infrastructure for a future light rail system. One of these demonstrations was a march on the Harbour Bridge that attracted more than 400 people. He also founded the Randwick Environment Group and the Coastal Walk Group – groups engaged in local activities in Randwick and Tamarama/Bronte, respectively.He wrote his novel Κατ’ Εικόνα to sensitize people on environmental issues. He stood as candidate for the Australian Cyclists Party for the 2015 state elections in New South Wales. Research
<mask> has published 54 research books, 1 textbook, 165 refereed journal articles, 30 book chapters, and 17 CDROMs. He has identified 94 nuclei (areas) in the rat and human brains. Comparing rats and humans, he has identified 64 homologous nuclei. He has identified 180 nuclei and homologies in birds. He was the first to produce a reliable stereotaxic space for the brain of rats, mice, and primates — a factor fuelling the explosion in neuroscience research since the 1980s.He developed the first comprehensive nomenclature and ontology for the brain, covering humans, birds, and developing mammals. Further, <mask> constructed the most frequently cited atlases of the brain and spinal cord of rats, mice, monkeys, birds and humans. He also published developmental atlases of rats and mice, and the only comprehensive MRI/DTI atlas of the rat brain

Impact
He produced two paradigm shifts in the field of neuroscience. (i) During a sabbatical at Cambridge in 1977, he learned immunohistochemistry and applied it for the first time in brain atlases. That is, he used the chemical phenotype of neurons as a criterion for identifying brain regions and for establishing brain homologies across experimental animals and humans. (ii) In his avian brain atlas, he used neuromeric criteria to delineate the entire brain for the first time. Most scientists working on the relation between the human brain and neurologic or psychiatric diseases, or animal models of these diseases, use his maps and concepts of brain organization.His human brain atlases are the most accurate ones for identification of deep structures and are used in surgical theatres. In community impact, his 2018 discovery of the human endorestiform nucleus was widely reported. Citation record and grant support
In the field of neuroscience, he is the author of the most cited publication internationally (The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates; Paxinos and Watson, 1986.). This is the third most cited book in science after Molecular Cloning and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (68,471 citations over its 7 editions). Currently is ranked 14th in the 100 Most Cited Books of All-Time – BooksIcon.com In total, his works have been cited 109,177 times, with 80,070 as first author. <mask> holds two National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grants and is a chief investigator at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function and of the NIH grant "Towards quantitative cell type-based mapping of the whole mouse brain". Until 2013, he held an NHMRC Australia Fellowship ($4 million) with UNSW support ($1.5 million) as well as two grants from NIH (USD150,000 and USD528,951).He was a member of the first International Consortium for Brain Mapping. Unlike most academic books, some of his atlases have been commercially successful; he was able to obtain grants for his laboratory from the publishers development to fund eight prizes from book royalties. Editorial boards of international refereed journals
Paxinos has served on 16 journal editorial boards, including Frontiers in Neuroanatomy (2008–present), Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience & Mental Health (2018 - present), Brain Structure and Function (2007–present), Translational Neuroscience (2008–present), ISRN Neurology (2010–present), PLoS ONE, for the SBMT NeuroMapping and Therapeutics Collection (2012–present), Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy (2004–2014), BrainNavigator (2009–12), Neuroscience and Bio-behavioral Reviews (2000–11), Journal of Comparative Neurology Human Brain Mapping, Posters in Neuroscience, Journal fur Hirnforschung, International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal, and NeuroImage. Contribution to the Profession

 President of the Australian Neuroscience Society (ANS; 2004-5). President, World Congress of Neuroscience (2004-7). Chairperson, IBRO World Congress & Regional Meetings Committee (2007–11). Honorary Life Memberships

 Society of Speech Therapists of Greece (Σύλλογος Επιστημόνων Λογοπαθολόγων Λογοθεραπευτών Ελλάδος)
 Hellenic Neuropsychology Society

Conference Organizing

 President of the Local Organizing Committee for the 2007 Melbourne IBRO World Congress of Neuroscience (and President of the Melbourne consortium bid for the Congress).Mai, Saper and <mask> organized the International Conference on the Structural Basis for Understanding Human Brain Function and Dysfunction; Roma 5-10 Oct 2002. He was a founding member of the international committee that organizes the International Human Brain Mapping Conferences. He was the co-organizer of the 1988 Neuropsychology symposium that took place on Heron Island as a satellite of the International Congress of Psychology in Sydney. Contribution to teaching
He wrote the internationally used textbook The Brain: an Introduction to Functional Neuroanatomy (2010) which is used in the Australian and New Zealand Brain Bee Challenge and has contributed to Australia’s dominance in the International Brain Bee Challenge competition. He taught psychology for 27 years and served on the Academic Board and Council of UNSW. He is currently supervising two postdoctoral fellows and a PhD student. Professional service
President of the Australasian Neuroscience Society (ANS; 2004–5).President, World Congress of Neuroscience (2004–07). Chairperson, IBRO World Congress & Regional Meetings Committee (2007–11). Community service
Founder and President of the Light Rail Association (1989–2000)
Founder and former Secretary of the Migrants' Rights Committee
Member of the Australian Cyclists Party
Founder of the Living Junction Facebook Community, the Coastal Walk Group and the Randwick Environmental Group. The award is named after the late sister of Professor <mask> and was initially funded by him. References

1944 births
Living people
Australian neuroscientists
Greek emigrants to Australia
Greek atheists
Officers of the Order of Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science
Fellows of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Health and Medical Sciences

masks:
George Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
Paxinos
George Paxinos


texts:
<mask> (born 22 January 1973) is an English football goalkeeping coach and retired player. He was recently employed by Football League One side Doncaster Rovers, having previously been employed as a player-goalkeeping coach at Oldham Athletic. Gerrard started his career in the Premier League with Oldham Athletic as a goalkeeper, and his 22-year playing career saw him play for Oldham, Everton, Oxford United, Ipswich Town, Sheffield United, Nottingham Forest, Blackpool and Stockport County, before he finished his playing career in a second spell at Oldham. Towards the end of his playing career, he was employed as a part-time goalkeeping coach by Oldham and Shrewsbury Town, before signing on as a full-time player/coach with Oldham at the start of the 2011–12 season. Gerrard is also a former England Under 21 international, having made 18 appearances between 1993 and 1996, but he never made an appearance for the full national side. Playing career

Oldham Athletic
Born in Heywood, Lancashire, Gerrard started his career as a goalkeeping apprentice at Oldham Athletic. He made his Premiership debut at the age of 19 on 5 December 1992 in a 3–2 defeat at Queens Park Rangers.In all, he made 118 League appearances for The Latics in his first spell. Everton
Nearly two years after Joe Royle had left Oldham for Everton, he returned to buy Gerrard for £1.5 million in July 1996. He made his debut for Everton as a half-time substitute for Neville Southall in a 7–1 win at home to Southampton on 16 November 1996. When Royle left Everton, Southall returned as first choice goalkeeper for Everton, and Gerrard decided to go on loan to Oxford United in 1997 for regular first team action. However, soon afterwards Howard Kendall took over for his second spell as team manager at Goodison Park and recalled Gerrard from Oxford. In December 2000, he suffered a knee injury in a Premier League match against West Ham United, and sparked a surprise reaction from West Ham striker Paolo Di Canio who spurned the opportunity to score the winning goal in order to attend to the injured Gerrard. This act of sportsmanship saw Di Canio awarded with the FIFA fair play award the following year.Royle, now at Ipswich Town, signed Gerrard on a month-long loan in November 2002, although Gerrard returned to Everton early after suffering from a dislocated kneecap, having made five appearances for Ipswich. During the 2003–04 season, he was signed on loan by Sheffield United covering for injured goalkeeper Paddy Kenny, and he spent three months at the club. He played a total of 16 games for the Blades, before joining Nottingham Forest on loan in March 2004 for the final two months of the season. Nottingham Forest
In the summer of 2004, Gerrard signed permanently for Nottingham Forest. At the end of his first season the club was relegated to League One. Despite ending the 2004–05 season as first-choice goalkeeper and Player of the Year at Forest, Gerrard found himself as second choice goalkeeper behind new signing Rune Pedersen, having sustained a knee injury during a pre-season tour to Denmark. Although he handed in a transfer request, Gerrard returned to first team action at the end of August in a 3–1 win against Gillingham.Gerrard was again dropped from the first team when manager Gary Megson signed Russell Hoult on loan from West Bromwich Albion. However, Hoult was recalled by West Brom in October, and Gerrard once again became the preferred goalkeeper. On 15 February 2006, Gerrard limped off in a 3–0 defeat against former club Oldham Athletic, having sustained a knee injury that later required surgery. He played only one game under Ian McParland and Frank Barlow due to a knee injury. Gerrard was released from Forest at the end of the 2005–06 season, following the club's failure to secure promotion to the Championship. Sheffield United
On 27 September 2006, he signed a four-month contract with the Blades to add depth to the goalkeeping department. The 33-year-old, who had a loan spell at Bramall Lane in 2003, was signed to provide cover for Paddy Kenny and Ian Bennett.On 1 January 2007, Gerrard made his Premiership debut for Sheffield United against Middlesbrough at the Riverside Stadium. He made two further appearances for the Blades, but was released at the end of the 2006–07 season. On 6 August 2007, he was re-signed on a 12-month deal by new Sheffield United manager Bryan Robson for the upcoming Championship campaign. On 24 January 2008, he signed on loan for Blackpool until the end of the 2007–08 season. On 3 March it was revealed that Gerrard had undergone a knee operation which ended his season prematurely. He was subsequently released by the Blades when his contract expired at the end of the season. Stockport County
After leaving Bramall Lane, he joined Stockport County, but failed to make a competitive appearance for the club.Return to Oldham Athletic
On 5 November 2011, while working as goalkeeping coach at Oldham, he was brought on as a substitute for Alex Cisak, who had been sent off. Gerrard's first contribution in a competitive match for over two years, and first for Oldham for fifteen years, was to save a penalty. He made his first start in his second spell at the club in the 3–1 victory over Crewe Alexandra, on 8 November 2011.

International career
Gerrard never played for England at full international level, but he was capped 18 times by the under-21 side between 1993 and 1996. Coaching career

Oldham Athletic
He was confirmed Oldham Athletic's goalkeeping coach on a part-time basis on 30 June 2010. On 20 August he signed a pay as you play contract to provide cover for number one keeper Dean Brill. In July 2011 he was given a full-time permanent contract as goalkeeping coach. He left Oldham on 21 June 2013, with his former club claiming that he was moving to Doncaster Rovers, following former Oldham boss <mask>.Shrewsbury Town
In July 2010, he was confirmed Shrewsbury Town goalkeeping coach on a part-time basis. This ended in July 2011, when his contract at Oldham was made full-time, with Gavin Ward replacing him in the post. Doncaster Rovers

On 24 June 2013, he was confirmed as the new goalkeeping coach at Doncaster Rovers. Gerrard left the club on 29 November 2021 by mutual agreement, having worked with seven different managers. References

External links

1973 births
English footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C.players
Sheffield United F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
England under-21 international footballers
Living people
People from Heywood, Greater Manchester
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. non-playing staff
Shrewsbury Town F.C.non-playing staff
Doncaster Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
Association football goalkeeping coaches

masks:
Paul William Gerrard
Paul Dickov


texts:
<mask> (1927–2012) was an Indian chemical engineer, author and academic, known for his contributions in developing Organic synthesis engineering as a modern science discipline. Chemical Engineering journal of McGraw Hill listed him among the 10 most distinguished chemical engineers in the world in 1988. He was the author of nine texts in chemical engineering, including Organic Synthesis Engineering, a 2001 publication which is known to have introduced the topic as a definitive scientific stream and Heterogeneous reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design, reportedly the first comprehensive text in chemical engineering. He was a recipient of honorary doctorate degrees from University of Salford, and University of Wisconsin, besides several other awards and honors which included Om Prakash Bhasin Award, Richard H. Wilhelm Award, William H. Walker Award and Homi Bhabha Medal. The Government of India awarded him the third highest civilian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1990, for his contributions to science. Early life
<mask>, born in Karnataka, did his schooling at Methodist Boys High School, Hyderabad before graduating in chemistry (BSc) from Nizam College, then under the University of Madras. <mask>'s English skills had prompted his school principal to advise him to take up literature as a career.He also wrote poetry but none of his poems were published. Choosing chemical engineering for his further education, he secured the degree of BS, in 1946, from Alagappa Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology (Accet), one of the only two Indian institutions offering chemical engineering for advanced studies at that time. His performance in the engineering examinations earned him a scholarship from the Government of Andhra Pradesh which helped him to pursue further studies at the University of Wisconsin and the twenty one-year old reached Wisconsin when the winter of 1948 was its peak in December. It was during his stay at the University of Wisconsin, he had the opportunity to meet Olaf Andreas Hougen, a known academic in chemistry and a later-day Professor Emeritus of Wisconsin University, After completing his master's degree in 1950, he continued at the university to secure his doctoral degree in chemical engineering in 1952 for which Hougen reportedly assisted him in getting permission from the Nizam government of Hyderabad, who wanted <mask> to return to India to start serving the government. His doctoral thesis was on semichemical pulping, prepared under the supervision of Hougen and John McGovern of the Forest Products Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture. Academic and professional career

<mask>'s career started at R. L. Carlisle Chemical and Manufacturing Company of Brooklyn for a short stint of two years and he left US for India in 1954 to take up the position of a scientist at the National Chemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune where he continued his researches in chemical engineering. His tenure at NCL lasted a quarter of a century, rising in ranks as a senior scientist, assistant director (1961), deputy director (1966) and superannuating in 1989, as the first non-chemist to head the organization, after holding the post of the director since 1978.In between, he was reportedly offered the post of the director general of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the largest research and development (R&D) organisation in India, controlling 38 national laboratories, 39 outreach centres, 3 Innovation Complexes and 5 units, but he declined the offer to stay with NCL. It was at this time, NCL entered into a bilateral co-operation agreement with the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering of the Iowa State University and this led to his visit to Iowa where he met Peter Reilly, the then Anson Marston Distinguished Professor of the university. It is reported that Reilly persuaded <mask> to join the university as the Glenn Murphy Visiting Professor of Engineering which he agreed to and, later, joined the institution as a permanent faculty in 1992 as the Herbert Stiles Professor. During his stay in Iowa, he was involved in various visiting lectures and symposia and became the Anson Marston Distinguished Professor, the highest academic honour for engineering academics at the university. He continued his association with the university even after his retirement in 2001 till his death 2012. Legacy

Academic contributions
In 2001, <mask> published a seminal work, Organic Synthesis Engineering, which defined the subject and introduced it as an independent science discipline. The book emphasized on catalysis and the role of process intensification in enhancing overall productivity and explained the applications of catalysis in organic synthesis.This is reported to be a pioneering attempt in chemical reactions engineering and assisted in conjoining the disciplines of chemical and chemical engineering processes. Another of his work, Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design, co-authored by M. M. Sharma, is considered as the first comprehensive text on chemical engineering. At NCL as well as at Iowa State University, he mentored 45 research scholars in their post graduate and doctoral studies. He was a visiting professor at six universities and sat at the editorial boards of many refereed journals like Indian Chemical Engineer, the official journal of the Journal of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChE). It was during his tenure as the head of NCL, a Centre of Excellence in Catalysis was established which eventually returned several scientific contributions. He headed the working group on Catalysis of the Indo-Russian Science and Technology Cooperation and was instrumental in NCL starting collaborative ventures with Salford University, UK and with the University of Erlangen, Germany. Scientific contributions
<mask> was known to have introduced several innovations in chemical reaction engineering.Gas-solid catalytic and non-catalytic reactions, solid-solid reactions, phase-transfer catalysis mediated reactions, stochastic modelling, fluidization, adsorption and catalysis and catalytic reactor analysis are some of the areas where his researches reportedly made improvements. He launched radical changes in the processing of dimethylaniline, chloromethanes, methylchlorosilanes, ethylenediamine and vitamin B6. He introduced a complete process for methyl, ethyl, butyl and 2-ethylhexylacrylates while the process initiated by him, jointly with G. D. Rihani in 1965 for calculating enthalpy, entropy and the Cp for an ideal gas is known as Rihani-Doraiswamy method. Verma-Doraiswamy method for the estimation of Standard enthalpy of formation is another process that bears his name. The invention jointly made with Thomas Wheelock of a calcium based sorbent for coal gas desulphurization, introduction of zeolite catalysts, the development of a xylene isomerization process and a new methodology for the alkylation of benzene with alcohols are some of his other contributions. It was at the tissue culture pilot plant established by him where a method of propagation of bamboo by tissue culture was identified for the first time. Publications
<mask>, who reportedly had good English language skills, published nine books, five of them original works and four edited books, as well as over 180 scientific papers published in peer-reviewed national and international journals.These writings are known to have assisted in expanding the canvass of chemical engineering beyond its conventional boundaries by introducing themes such as phase transfer catalysis and sonochemical reactions. Apart from Organic Synthesis Engineering and Heterogeneous Reactions: Analysis, Examples, and Reactor Design, the other three books published by him are The Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems : A Stochastic Approach (1987), Excellence in an Overlapping Culture: The Big History of India’s National Chemical Laboratory (2011) and Chemical Reaction Engineering : Beyond the Fundamentals (2014). The lectures delivered by <mask> in the Hougen Lecture Series were compiled by the University of Wisconsin and published in 1988 under the title, Across Millennia : Some Thoughts on Ancient and Contemporary Science and Engineering. Frontiers in Chemical Reaction Engineering (1984), Transport processes in Fluidized Bed Reactors (1987), Recent Advances in the Engineering Analysis of Chemically Reacting Systems (1987), and Transport in Fluidized Particle Systems (1989) are the four books edited by him. Social contributions
<mask> was reported to have contributed in bringing order to various departments at NCL and in recruiting talents. As the head of the organization, he introduced the scheme of preferential recruitment of widows of the former NCL employees and established a local school and shopping centre in NCL campus. Awards and honors
<mask>, an Anson Marston Distinguished Professor of the Iowa State University, was elected as the fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences in 1974, and the Indian National Science Academy followed suit in 1977.He was also a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) (1997) and the National Academy of Sciences, India. The Chemical Engineering magazine of McGraw-Hill listed him among the 10 most distinguished chemical engineers in the world in 1988. He received the degree of Doctor of Science (honoris causa) from the University of Salford in 1982 and the University of Wisconsin Madison in 1991. In 2010, the National Academy of Engineering inducted him as a member. The Indian National Science Academy awarded him the Syed Hussain Zaheer Medal in 1983 and he was awarded the Om Prakash Bhasin Award for Science and Technology of the Om Prakash Bhasin Foundation in 1986. He received the Jawaharlal Nehru Lifetime Achievement Award in 1987, followed by the Personal Achievement Award of Chemical Engineering magazine in 1988. The Government of India included him in the Republic Day Honours list for the civilian award of the Padma Bhushan in 1990, the same year as he received the Richard H. Wilhelm Award of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers.In 2001, he received the Padma Vibhushan Prof. M. M. Sharma Medal of the Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers (IIChE)  and IIChE repeated the honor with Dr. B. P. Godrej Life Time Achievement Award in 2003. He received another award, the William H. Walker Award, for Excellence in Contributions to Chemical Engineering Literature from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers in 2004. He was also a recipient of the Homi Bhabha Medal. On his 60th birthday, the Indian Academy of Sciences published one of their books, re-titled as Reactions and Reaction Engineering in <mask>.K. <mask> Festschrift. The Indian Institute of Chemical Engineers have instituted an annual oration, Padma Bhushan Prof. L. K<mask> Chemcon Distinguished Speaker Award, in his honor, running since 2001.Two of the institutions he was closely associated with, viz. Iowa State University and the National Chemical Laboratory, honor <mask> by jointly organizing a US-India lectureship every year. Personal life
<mask> was born in a Brahmin family as the only brother of three sisters born to <mask> <mask> and <mask>a in Bengaluru on 13 May 1927. <mask> was the head of Geological Survey of India at their Hyderabad branch and the young <mask> was brought up in Lingasugur, a small hamlet near Hatti Gold Mines and home to many archaeological sites, in the south Indian state of Karnataka. He was married to Rajalakshmi, the marriage taking up place in 1952 after his return to India from Wisconsin, and the couple had a son, Deepak, a doctor in chemical engineering and a daughter, Sandhya, an MPhil and CPA holder. Both continue to live in Pennsylvania, Deepak at Landenberg and Sandhya at Danville. <mask>, towards the later days of his life, suffered from heart ailments and underwent a bypass surgery.However, he could not survive for long and died on 2 June 2012, while recuperating from the surgical trauma, survived by his children; his wife had preceded him in death. Though the latter part of his life was spent mostly in US, he retained his Indian citizenship till the end. See also

 National Chemical Laboratory
 Nizam College
 List of Iowa State University people
 List of University of Wisconsin–Madison people

References

External links

Further reading

Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in science & engineering
1927 births
2012 deaths
University of Madras alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
Indian chemical engineers
20th-century Indian inventors
Indian scientific authors
Iowa State University faculty
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
TWAS fellows
Fellows of The National Academy of Sciences, India
Scientists from Bangalore
20th-century Indian chemists

masks:
Laxmangudi Krishnamurthy Doraiswamy
Laxmangudi Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
DoraiswamyL
Doraiswamy
. Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Laxmangudi
Krishnamuy
Kamal
Krishnamurthy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy


texts:
<mask> (28 December 171721 July 1771) was one of the leading German political economists in the 18th century. Life
<mask> was born in Brücken. From 1750 to 1753, <mask> taught at the Theresianum Knights Academy in Vienna, Austria, where he established close contacts with Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz whose administrative reforms exerted a strong influence on his political ideas. After briefly settling in Erfurt and Leipzig, <mask> was appointed Director of Police in Göttingen in 1755. In Göttingen <mask> started his systematic study of contemporary French works, in particular Montesquieu's Spirit of the Laws. In 1757, he accepted an invitation of the Danish minister Bernstorff to Copenhagen. In 1758, he settled in Altona.Hoping for a permanent position in Prussia, <mask> moved to Berlin in 1760. Five years later, in 1765, he was appointed Prussian Inspector of Mines, Glass, and Steel Works. In 1768, he was accused of misappropriating government funds and imprisoned in Küstrin. New archival research by Andre Wakefield has revealed in how far <mask>'s activities as Prussian official in the Neumark can be considered 'a disaster in almost every way'. After being released in April 1771 he moved back to Berlin where he died soon after. Oeuvre

<mask>'s oeuvre consists of more than 50 independent works dealing with philosophical, literary, technological, geological, chemical, physical as well as political and economic issues. For most of his life, <mask> did not hold a permanent position in academia or public administration but had to live from the royalties of his writings.Accordingly, he tried to present at least two new titles at each of the two large annual German book fairs in Leipzig and Frankfurt. This circumstance accounts for the manifold textual similarities that can be found within <mask>'s works. Writing against the background of the European power struggle during the Seven Years' War, <mask>'s central aim was to create modern commercial monarchies in the larger states of the Holy Roman Empire that could equal the military strength, political standing and economic performance of England and France. In so doing, <mask> took recourse to ideas of French thinkers such as Fénelon, Saint-Pierre, d'Argenson and Montesquieu. In his political writings, <mask> stressed that a country could only be economically and commercially successful if it was run by a moderate government that recognised the inviolability of private property. By contrast, despotism necessarily led to the impoverishment and military weakening of a country. Under the influence of Montesquieu Justi extensively discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of government, yet concluded that the only form of government that would be able to coordinate and implement wide-ranging economic reforms was a modernised monarchical regime.Justi came up with a broad range of ideas for economic reform. Apart from measures supporting population growth and fostering competition (by reducing the power of guilds and corporations), <mask> viewed the increase in private consumption (by abolishing sumptuary laws), the spread of manufactures and companies as well as the growth in external trade (with the help of government-sponsored trade companies and the abolition of prohibitions regarding the import and export of goods) as cornerstones for economic success. These measures had to be accompanied by improvements in mining and agriculture. Ultimately, these reforms could only be successful if they were supported by a comprehensive tax reform that would lead, among other things, to the abolition of the excise tax (Akzise). In his financial writings, the influence of contemporary French writings as well as cameralistic theories developed by Wolff and Pufendorf shines through. On various issues, Justi seems to take positions that resemble the views of Adam Smith. However, his overall argument – the need for short-term government interventions in order to obtain a liberal economic order in the long term – is far closer to thinkers such as Sir James Steuart (economist).Research on Justi has primarily focused on his works on political economy (see overview studies by Ferdinand Frensdorff and Ulrich Adam). Other parts of his comprehensive oeuvre have not yet been studied in detail. Secondary literature
 Ulrich Adam: The Political Economy of J.H.G. Justi. Peter Lang, Oxford 2006,
 Ferdinand Frensdorff: Über das Leben und die Schriften des Nationalökonomen J.H.G. von Justi. Göttingen 1903
 Dirk Fleischer: Kirchenverständnis aus polizeiwissenschaftlicher Sicht.<mask> <mask> von Justis Verständnis der Kirche. in: Albrecht Beutel et al.(ed. ): Christentum im Übergang. Neue Studien zu Kirche und Religion in der Aufklärungszeit. Leipzig 2006, pp. 71–83,
 Andre Wakefield: The Disordered Police State. German Cameralism as Science and Practice.University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2009. Selected writings
 Staatswirtschaft oder systematische Abhandlung aller ökonomischen und Cameralwissenschaft, 2 volumes, I+II (1755)
 Entdeckte Ursachen des verderbten Münzwesens in Teutschland; Leipzig 1755 Breitkopf
 Grundsätze der Polizeywissenschaft (1756)]
 Die Chimäre des Gleichgewichts von Europa (1758)
 Vollständige Abhandlung von denen Manufakturen und Fabriken, 2 Bände, I (1758), II (1761)
 Staatswirthschaft, oder systematische Abhandlung aller Oekonomischen und Cameral-Wissenschaften, die zur Regierung eines Landes erfodert werden. In zweien Theilen sgefertigt. Erster Theil, Welcher die Lehre -von Erhaltung und Vermehrung des Vermogens des Staats, und mithin die Staatskunst, die Policey- und Commereien-Wissenschaft nebst der Haushaltungskunst in sich begreifft. Zweyte stark vermehrte Auflage (1758)
 Die Chimäre des Gleichgewichts der Handlung und Schiffahrt (1759)
 Der Grundriss einer guten Regierung (1759)
 Psammitichus, 2 volumes, I (1759), II (1760)
 Natur und Wesen der Staaten (1760)
 Leben und Charakter des Königl. Polnischen und Churfürstl.

masks:
Johann Heinrich Gottlob von Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Justi
Johann Heinrich
Gottlob