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<mask>, Baron Fouqué (); (12 February 1777 – 23 January 1843) was a German writer of the Romantic style. Biography
He was born at Brandenburg an der Havel, of a family of French Huguenot origin, as evidenced in his family name. His grandfather, <mask>qué, had been one of <mask>'s generals and his father was a Prussian officer. Although not originally intended for a military career, <mask>qué ultimately gave up his university studies at Halle to join the army, and he took part in the Rhine campaign of 1794. The rest of his life was devoted mainly to literary pursuits. He was introduced to August Wilhelm Schlegel, who deeply influenced him as a poet ("mich gelehret Maß und Regel | Meister August Wilhelm Schlegel") and who published Fouqué's first book, Dramatische Spiele von Pellegrin, in 1804. Marriage
Fouqué's first marriage was unhappy and soon ended in divorce.His second wife, Caroline Philippine von Briest (1773–1831), enjoyed some reputation as a novelist in her day. After her death Fouqué married a third time. Some consolation for the ebbing tide of popular favour was afforded him by the munificence of <mask> IV of Prussia, who granted him a pension which allowed him to spend his later years in comfort. He died in Berlin in 1843. For Fouqué's life see Lebensgeschichte des Baron <mask> <mask> Fouqué (only to the year 1813), Aufgezeichnet durch ihn selbst (Halle, 1840), and also the introduction to Koch's selections in the Deutsche Nationalliteratur. Literary work

Romantic roots

After Dramatische Spiele von Pellegrin, his second work, Romanzen vom Tal Ronceval (1805), showed more plainly his allegiance to the romantic leaders, and in the Historie vom edlen Ritter Galmy (1806) he versified a 16th-century romance of medieval chivalry. Sigurd <mask>, ein Heldenspiel in sechs Abentheuren (1808), was the first modern German dramatization of the Nibelung legend combining Icelandic sources such as the Volsunga Saga and the Middle High German Nibelungenlied.The play and its two sequels Sigurds Rache (1809) and <mask>gas Ritter (1810) were published together under the title Der Held des Nordens in 1810 ["The Hero of the North"]. The trilogy brought Fouqué to the attention of the public, and had a considerable influence on subsequent versions of the story, such as <mask>'s Nibelungen and Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen. These early writings indicate the lines which Fouqué's subsequent literary activity followed; his interests were divided between medieval chivalry on the one hand and northern mythology on the other. In 1813, the year of the rising against Napoleon, he again fought with the Prussian army, and the new patriotism awakened in the German people left its mark upon his writings. Popular works

Between 1810 and 1815, Fouqué's popularity was at its height; the many romances and novels, plays and epics which he produced with extraordinary rapidity, appealed greatly to the mood of the hour. Undine appeared around 1811, the only work by which Fouqué's memory still lives today. A more comprehensive idea of his talent may, however, be obtained from the two romances Der Zauberring (1813) and Die Fahrten Thiodolfs des Isländers (1815).Later years
From 1820 onwards the quality of Fouqué's work deteriorated, partly owing to the fatal formal ease with which he wrote, and he failed to keep pace with the changes in German taste by clinging to the paraphernalia of romanticism. His rivals applied a sobriquet of "Don Quixote of Romanticism" to him. Translations
Most of Fouqué's works have been translated. <mask> Bute Smedley, for instance, translated his ballad, "The Shepherd of the Giant Mountains." The English versions of <mask>ga's Knight (by Thomas Carlyle), Sintram and his Companions and Undine have been frequently republished. Influence
<mask>'s play Der Sängerkrieg auf der Wartburg (The Song Contest on the Wartburg) is likely one of the sources for Wagner's Tannhäuser. Goethe was not impressed by it, remarking to Eckermann: "We both agreed that all his life this poet had engaged in old Germanic studies, however without being able to develop this into a culture of his own making."Robert Louis Stevenson admired <mask>'s story "The Bottle Imp" and wrote his own version (The Bottle Imp) with a Hawaiian setting. John Henry Newman and Charlotte Mary Yonge both praised Sintram and his Companions. William Morris also became an admirer of Sintram and his Companions, and it influenced
Morris' own fiction. Sintram and his Companions and Undine are referred to in Little Women by Louisa May Alcott; the character Jo mentions wanting them for Christmas in the first chapter of the book and finally receives them in chapter 22. <mask>ga's Knight as well as Sintram and his Companions and Undine are referred to in Jo's Boys, the final book in Alcott's Little Women series, where the story of <mask>ga's Knight mirrors the character Dan and his affection for gentle Bess. Undine is the basis, along with <mask>'s Little Mermaid, for Dvořák's opera Rusalka. References

Bibliography

Ausgewählte Werke, edited by himself, in 12 vols.(Berlin, 1841)
A selection, edited by M. Koch, in Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur, vol. 146, part ii. (Stuttgart, 1893)
Undine, Sintram, etc., in innumerable reprints. *Bibliography in <mask>'s Grundriss zur Geschichte der deutschen Dichtung (2nd ed., vi. pp. 115 ff., Dresden, 1898). Undine, trans.Paul Turner. German Romantic Stories. Ed. Frank G<mask>. New York: Continuum, 1998. (The German Library, vol. 35).15–90. Fouqué und einige seiner Zeitgenossen, Arno Schmidt (Bläschke 1958; 2nd Revised Edition 1960), also in the Bargfelder Edition, Volume III/1 (1993)

External links

 Book description of The Magic Ring (1825) (Der Zauberring, 1813) at Valancourt Books

1777 births
1843 deaths
Barons of Germany
German fantasy writers
People from Brandenburg an der Havel
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Romanticism
German-language poets
Prussian Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
German male poets

masks:
Friedrich Heinrich Karl de la Motte
Heinrich August de la Motte Fou
Frederick the Great
Friedrich de la Motte Fou
Frederick William
Friedrich de
la Motte
der Schlangenter
Aslau
Friedrich Hebbel
Menella
Aslau
Fouqué
Fouqué
Aslau
Aslau
Hans Anderson
Karl Goedeke
. Ryder


type: original

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<mask> (born László Weisz; 13 June 1899 – 19 January 1967) was an artist and sculptor. Name changes
László Weisz was born on 13 June 1899 in Budapest, Hungary. His family Magyarized their family name to "Péri". When he moved to Germany and became involved in Constructivism, he was known as <mask>. After he moved to England, he adopted the name "<mask>". His grandson, an artist born in 1971, also has the name <mask>. Career
Born in 1899, in Budapest into a large, proletarian Jewish family Peri became politicised at an early age.In 1919, he finished an apprenticeship as a bricklayer, and became a student at the workshops for proletariat fine arts in 1919. He was in contact with Lajos Kassák and the Activists. In 1917, he began his career as an actor at the MA Theater School, studying with János Mácsza. As part of a theatre company he went to Prague where he heard about the fall of the Republic of Councils. He studied architecture in 1919–20 in Budapest and Berlin. He lived for a short time in Paris in 1920, in the house of a socialist baker, before being forced to leave the country due to his political activities. <mask> moved to Vienna, then on to Berlin in 1921, where he created his first abstract geometric reliefs.In February 1922, he had the first of two joint exhibitions with Moholy-Nagy at Der Sturm Gallery, Berlin. In 1923, his portfolio containing twelve linocuts was published by Der Sturm Verlag with accompanying text by Alfréd Kemény. His contributions to constructivism at the time were to challenge the surface of the wall by producing irregularly shaped wall reliefs and to open up new planes, anticipating the shaped canvas created after 1945; the discovery of concrete as a potential sculptural medium, colouring it if necessary, and the appreciation of the hard contour as a visual device, as seen in his collages and linoprints. These could be used to create a visual medium hovering between the relief and architecture; whereas Moholy-Nagy's Glasarchitektur achieved this using paint and canvas, Péri used less conventional media. At the Grosse Berliner Kunstausstellung in May 1923, between the contributions of Theo van Doesburg and El Lissitzky's ‘Proun Room’ he showed his three-piece x composition which, while it may also have been executed in paint on wood, had pretensions to be executed in concrete. <mask>, joined the German Communist Party (KPD) in 1923. His 1924, constructivist design for a Lenin tribute for the German art exhibition in Moscow, marked the end of his investigations into the non-objective.That same year <mask> began to work for the Berlin municipal architectural office and was there from 1924 to 1928. Probably motivated by a vision to put his productivist values into action, but frustrated he quit the job in 1928. In 1928, he signed the manifesto and statutes of the Association of Revolutionary Visual Artists of Germany (Assoziation Revolutionärer Bildener Künstler Deutschlands) (ARBKD) (ASSO) which, like other new and militant Communist art organisations, called for a reinvigoration of the idea of "proletarian culture" and suitably positive images of working-class life and culture. He was also a member of Die Abstrakten (The Abstracts) and Rote Gruppe (Red Group). In 1929, he returned to representational painting and sculpture. <mask> immigrated to England in 1933, after his wife Mary Macnaghten, granddaughter of social reformer Charles Booth, was arrested in possession of Communist propaganda. In 1934, <mask> contributed "several forceful works in coloured concrete" to the Artists’ International Association (AIA) exhibition The Social Scene.He made contact with John Heartfield. In England, he lived first in Ladbroke Grove, then in Hampstead; in 1938, he moved to a studio in Camden Town where he worked until 1966. While in Hampstead, <mask> joined the recently founded English section of the Artists International (later to be known as Artists International Association), an association composed largely of commercial artists and designers whose declared intention was to mobilise "the international unity of artists against Imperialist War on the Soviet Union, Fascism and Colonial oppression". In July 1938, he had a solo exhibition London Life in Concrete in an empty building at 36 Soho Square. In 1939, he became a British citizen and took the name "<mask>". In November 1948, he held a solo show Peri's People at the AIA Gallery. Late in the 1940s he did a series of commissions for the London County Council.His work was also part of the sculpture event in the art competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics. In 1951, <mask> produced a sculptural group originally titled “Sunbathing group - Horizontal”, later known as The Sunbathers for the Festival of Britain. Commissions from Stuart Mason, Director of Education for Leicestershire included Two Children Calling A Dog, Scraptoft, c. 1956; Atom Boy, and Birstall, 1960. When the Herbert Art Gallery & Museum opened in 1960, <mask> was commissioned to "represent the life and activities [of Coventry] in modern terms and materials"; the work is known simply as The Coventry Sculpture. <mask> joined the Quaker faith and produced a small bronze sculpture of a Quaker Meeting, much loved by the students of Woodbrooke Study Centre, Birmingham, where it is now located. <mask> died on 19 January 1967. Major works after 1945
Source: Exhibition catalogue, 1967.Ministry of information
1946 Displaced persons. Concrete. London County Council. For Lambeth
1948 Children Playing. 1949 Footballers. 1950 Following the Leader. Festival of Britain
1951 The Sunbathers horizontal-group.Leicestershire
1955 Oadby Primary School. Three coloured reliefs. 1956 Scraptoft South Primary School. Horizontal concrete group. 1956 Scraptoft North Primary School. Folk dancing, coloured concrete relief. 1956 Earl Shilton Grammar School.Three dimensional sculpture. 1957 Wigston Secondary Modern School. The Living Christ. 1957 Castle Donington Secondary Modern School. The Boy with the Book and the Globe. Horizontal. 1958 Longslade Grammar School.The Mastery of Atom = Self-mastery. Horizontal. 1959 Loughborough College of Technology. Diagonal concrete sculpture. 1959 Hinckley College for further education. Cut out concrete relief. Warwickshire
1957 Willenhall Primary School.Three dimensional sculpture. 1958 Coventry. St. Michael Primary School. Coloured concrete relief. 1965 Ernesford Grange Junior School, Coventry. Sculpture and relief. Polyester [There is a full page illustration of this work, with the sculptor alongside in the Exhibition catalogue referred to, on page 6.The figures represent a flautist and a singer.]. 1959 Exeter University. Diagonal sculpture. 1961 Huddersfield High School for Girls. Horizontal sculpture and a relief. 1961 Scott Bader Commonwealth, Wollaston, Northamptonshire. The Man in Polyester.Horizontal. 1961 Forest Gate Methodist Church, London, E.7. The Preacher. Diagonal sculpture. 1963 East Ham, E.6. Kensington Youth Club. Diagonal sculpture.1964 Long Eaton Secondary Modern. Three dimensional sculpture. Works in permanent collections

 Museum of Modern Art, New York
 Centre Pompidou, Paris
 Berardo Collection Museum, Lisbon
 Wilhelm Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg
 Kunstmuseum Bochum, Bochum
 Holocaust Museum, Tel Aviv
 Museum für Angewandte Kunst, Cologne
 Museum de Grenoble, Grenoble
 Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest

1938 Tate Gallery. Bronze horse. 1960 The Coventry sculpture. Herbert Art Gallery and Museum, Coventry. 1947 Hungarian National Gallery.Budapest. Etchings. 1956 Museum of Tel Aviv. Etchings. 1950 British Museum. Gulliver's Travels. Etchings.1964 British Museum. The Pilgrim's Progress. Etchings. 1965 U.S.A. Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. The Pilgrim's Progress. Derbyshire Education Committee. Sculpture and The Pilgrim's Progress Etchings.Leicestershire Education Committee. Sculptures. Camden London Borough Council. Sculptures. The Arts Council. Etching. Exhibitions

1922 Moholy-Nagy / Peri Der Sturm, Berlin
1923 Moholy-Nagy / Peri Der Sturm, Berlin
1924 Peri / Hilbersheimer / Nell Walden Der Sturm, Berlin
1931 Ernst Múzeum Budapest (with N. Ferenczy, L. Herman, K. Istokovics, M. Lehel).1933 Bloomsbury Galleries London
1936 From Constructivism to Realism Foyle Art Gallery
1937 Gordon Fraser's Gallery Cambridge
1938 London Life in Concrete Soho Square, London
1948 People by Peri A.I.A. Gallery, London
1952 Sculpture in Relation to Architecture A.A. Bedford Square, London
1953 Exhibition arranged by the Football Association sponsored by the Arts Council
1958 Pilgrim's Progress St George's Gallery, London
1960 Sculpture and Etchings Herbert Art Gallery and Museum, Coventry
1961 Trades Union's Festival Exhibition, Bethnal Green
1963 St Pancras Arts Festival
1966 It's the People who Matter Lloyd's Gallery, Wimbledon
1967 Avant-garde Osteuropa 1910–1930 Academy of Arts, Berlin
1968 <mask>i 1899–1967 Central Library Swiss Cottage, London
1970 Peri's People The Minories, Colchester
1973 Laszlo Peri. Werke 1920–1924 und das Problem des Shaped Canvas, Kölnischer Kunstverein, Cologne
1982 Laszlo Peri 1899–1967. Arbeiten in Beton, Neue Gesellschaft für Bildende Kunst, Berlin
1987 László Moholy-Nagy / Laszlo Peri, Graphisches Kabinett, Bremen
1999 László Péris konstruktivistische Werke 1920-1924, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
2008 Peter Peri Exhibition, Sam Scorer Gallery, Lincoln. References

External links
https://www.instagram.com/laszlo_peri/?hl=en
http://uk.pinterest.com/emmanuelleperi/laszlo-peter-peri/
 Permanent online exhibition at Sam Scorer Gallery
 Chris Miller's "I Love Sculpture" website containing an illustration of Peri's sculpture "Sunbathing", with male and female figures horizontal to a wall, with an audience enjoying it. (Accessed 24 February 2008). Designing Britain article on the Festival of Britain
 Art for Social Spaces article on Schools
 VADS: Visual Arts Data Service <SEARCH> "Peri" –

1899 births
1967 deaths
Jewish artists
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian sculptors
20th-century sculptors
English Quakers
20th-century Quakers
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Artists from Budapest
Olympic competitors in art competitions

masks:
Peter Laszlo Peri
Laszlo Péri
Peter Peri
Peter Peri
Peri
Peri
Peri
Peri
Peri
Peri
Peter Peri
Peri
Peri
Peri
Peter Peri
Peter Per


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Alan John "<mask>" Wren (born 10 April 1964 in Manchester) is an English rock drummer and member of The Stone Roses. His laid-back style of complex, off-beat rhythms was influential in bringing about the blend of indie and dance music which formed much of the Madchester sound centred on Manchester. He is considered by many musicians, producers, and journalists to be the best drummer of his generation. During The Stone Roses, he could be easily identified by the now-iconic bucket hat. Following his departure from the band in 1995, he fronted The Rub from 1998 to 2001, who played several low-key shows but split without releasing any material. After a long industry hiatus, he re-emerged on the music scene with the reformation of The Stone Roses in October 2011. After the band's apparent final show at Hampden Park in Glasgow, Scotland, in June 2017 he has since returned to obscurity.Early career
Wren grew up in Denton with four siblings and attended Egerton Park Arts College. He taught himself drums in his youth as, due to his family situation, he was nearly always around musical instruments in a pub environment. He also plays the guitar, bass, and piano. John Robb, in his 1997 book The Stone Roses and the Resurrection of British Pop, said that Wren could "play guitar almost as well as he plays drums," However, it was his drumming abilities that made him stand out. Whilst growing up, "the local kids thought Reni was a freak because he was such an amazing drummer, a total natural. Reni didn't care. He was already jamming along to anything and anybody."Already in two bands before he joined The Stone Roses, it was perhaps friend Simon Wright's successful audition for AC/DC in 1984 which prompted him towards more serious ambitions. The Stone Roses
Wren joined the Stone Roses in May 1984 after seeing an advertisement the band had placed in Manchester's A1 Music shop on New Wakefield Street (now the Soundcontrol music venue). He ripped it off the wall in order to make sure only he would get an audition which occurred in what was at the time Decibel Studios to the north of the city centre. This was a rehearsal studio and required the band to carry Wren's drum kit up three flights of stairs, before running through early songs "Nowhere Fast", "All Stitched Up" and "Mission Impossible". Andy Couzens, then the band's second guitarist, later recalled this first rehearsal with their new-found 20-year-old drummer: "We never discussed it, we knew he was in! He was fucking amazing! What a drummer."The band's first live show with Wren occurred at an anti-heroin gig in London, which was being hosted by Pete Townshend. This unexpected encounter concluded with The Who star asking the band whether he could use their drummer for his set - the band agreed, which led to Wren performing Pictures of Lily and other Who songs. The band's first bassist, Pete Garner, noted in a 2012 interview for Simon Spence's biography The Stone Roses - War and Peace: "I stood on the side of the stage going 'Oh fuck, he’s going to join the Who now. First gig and we’ve lost him.' That was pretty surreal. I believe the previous gig Townshend had done was some massive stadium on The Who farewell tour... and then he’d come back to do this charity gig." Andy Couzens stated: "At that time Reni was awe-inspiring.To play with him made us sound phenomenal; he was just this force. Just to watch him play was inspirational. That's what got Pete Townshend that night. He was inspired by what he'd seen." Despite the band's fears, Wren turned down Townshend's offer to play on his solo albums in favour of continuing with the Stone Roses. His first career with the band would go on to span over a decade, during which time he performed on the albums Garage Flower (the band's abandoned debut album from 1985), the much-celebrated eponymous debut (1989), and Second Coming (1994), as well as dozens of singles and unreleased songs. Playing style
In his early years with the band, whose songs at the time were inspired by punk and post-punk, Wren's drumming style was characterised by the energy from influences such as Keith Moon - Andy Couzens mentioned he was "like ten Keith Moons in one."Due to his showmanship and natural flair, Manchester music scene regulars such as Martin Hannett noted many people were attending the band's early gigs just to see Wren play. Howard Jones, a director at Factory Records, said of a performance on 15 November 1984: "Reni was out of this world. The way he played, his facial expressions, his finishing, how he'd kill a cymbal once he'd hit it, he'd got total natural technique." As the band's music progressed, marked by the release of the second single "Sally Cinnamon" in 1987, his playing style made use of a three-piece kit and the additional complement of his backing vocals on the majority of new songs. His minimised kit consisted of "a mixture of Ludwig, vintage, and a big expensive Sonor snare drum", which were all painted with John Squire's Jackson Pollock inspired art style. Wren's use of a smaller kit did not limit his range, with a new focus on a jazz-tinged, but ultimately rock-based, playing style. His busy use of the high-hat, snare, and solitary tom-tom created a complex sound which helped to define the band's significant musical shift."Elephant Stone", released in 1988 as the band's third single, was viewed as an ideal opportunity to highlight Wren's talent, as Brown later said: "We wanted people to hear what he could do." The drummer's focus on a propulsive tom-tom beat showcased his ability to create innovative drum rhythms, but was also in line with the burgeoning dance music scene of the day. Peter Hook of New Order produced the song in Cheadle Hulme, Stockport and has since said that Wren remains one of the best rock drummers he ever worked with: "Reni's drumming lent such a character and identity to the songs. Ian and John had got it with the melodies and lyrics but they were lucky to get Reni because he took them from being a traditional, normal rock band into the stratosphere with other great groups." By the time of the Second Coming rehearsals, in the early 1990s, Wren adapted his style further. Guitarist John Squire, becoming increasingly inspired by Led Zeppelin, led the band in a new musical direction, prompting Wren to adopt a blues-rock approach, adding in extra tom-toms for a style analogous to John Bonham. Ian Brown said of early studio time: "When we started recording we had Reni playing the drums for 40 minutes and it was out of this world.I remember John Leckie turning around with a big beam on his face and saying, 'Can't this be the album?'" His playing on the songs "Love Spreads" and "Daybreak" were particularly praised for their high-quality and complexity, whilst his many long jamming sessions with Mani and Squire, plus several drum solos, also became available through bootlegs. For the majority of his career, Wren has preferred the use of matched grip, although around 1990, in live television performances of "One Love" and "Fools Gold" he used traditional grip. He can also be seen in rehearsal recordings following the band's reformation using the former and latter interchangeably. Of his drumming style, in 2004 Rhythm Magazine commented that Wren was "funkier and more subtle than any drummer in the genre [indie] had ever been" and he was, "economical, soulful, and inventive". Rhythm Magazine labelled him a drummer hero, stating: "you know him best by his ability to always play it cooler than cool". Live performances
During the Stone Roses' live performances, Wren's energetic drumming ensured that his reputation grew rapidly and sparked regular praise from the music press, fans, and peers.The Charlatans supported the Stone Roses in the late 1980s and its drummer, Jon Brookes, had observed Wren's playing closely: "He never pounded the drums, he used to caress them and get them to sing, he was that kind of drummer. It was great to just watch him, very poetic, beautiful motion, very light touch, at the same time very musical. And he was singing as well, these beautiful melodies, it was unbelievable." The music press had also been documenting the drummer's appeal. A review of the band's famous 1989 Blackpool gig stated he was a "spectacular, slipshod blur of energy", whilst the NME noted of a Parisian performance: "Drummer Reni is magnificent. In Amsterdam, I’d watched him soundcheck for an hour on his own, slapping 17 shades of shining shite out of his kit for the sheer unbridled joy of playing." In addition to his drumming, many fans also found his backing harmonies to be an integral part of the band's music.Described in John Robb's biography of The Stone Roses as "the voice of an angel", listening to their debut album, and live shows such as Blackpool's Empress Ballroom (1989), Glasgow Green (1990) and Manchester's Heaton Park (2012) overtly display his vocal range. 1995-2011: The Rub and industry hiatus
In 1995, Wren was the first member of the classic Stone Roses line-up to leave the band, with much mystery surrounding his exit. In Simon Spence's The Stone Roses: War and Peace (2012), it was suggested arguments with Brown, and frustration with Squire's increasingly insular musical direction, angered the drummer. Wren began missing recording sessions to spend time with his family and often arrived in a dressing gown to the remaining sessions he did attend. A statement was published in NME on 5 April 1995, announcing his immediate departure. After his exit, the band continued with Robbie Maddix as drummer, but broke up in 1996. Little was heard of Wren in the 16 years which followed.His drumming was long credited on the Ian Brown track "Can't See Me", although Brown later acknowledged the drum loop was a sample Roses bassist Mani had uncovered and not Wren. In 1998, he formed the short-lived band The Rub, its name inspired by a soliloquy from Hamlet, with Casey Longdon (rhythm guitar), Neil Nisbet (bass) and Mick Grant (drums). Wren wrote the songs, sang lead vocals, and played bass and lead guitar. During the Rub's brief history, it enjoyed strong support from many Stone Roses fans and the press, although The Guardian wrote that "although it's good to have Wren back and clearly enjoying himself, it's a great pity that this world-class percussionist is not behind a drum stool." In 2001, the band split having released no material. In 2005, Wren gave his first broadcast interview in 10 years to BBC GMR, along with ex-Roses bassist Mani, on the Manchester Music Show whilst attending a concert by the Coral. It was reported in early 2007 that Fun Lovin Criminals had asked Reni to become their drummer.He did not respond and nothing became of the rumour. In June 2008, in an interview with Teletext's Planet Sound, Mani revealed that Wren had formed a new band with an unnamed member of Black Grape, but gave no other details. Nothing emerged from this rumour. In May 2009, on the 20th anniversary of the Stone Roses' eponymous debut album, Wren and the three other band members sanctioned the release of rare demos and unreleased material. In an exclusive book included with the collector's edition, whilst Ian Brown and Mani included extensive written accounts of their experiences in the Stone Roses, Wren supplied only a drawing and poem. Prior to the band's 2011 reunion, in 2009 those who worked with Wren had high praise for the drummer in interviews conducted for the 20th anniversary. Ian Brown said "He’d have been like Gene Krupa or Buddy Rich.He'd fill the Apollo up now if he just set up his drum kit in there and played." Mani said "He was an amazing drummer. He was that good, he could do anything. He’s done gigs with one arm – and he played with one arm it was as good as two! The guy is a total genius, a proper fucking one-off you know?" He also provided an explanation for Wren's disappearance from the music scene: "I think what it is with Reni is the fact he doesn't think of it [drumming for another band] as better than he has done before." John Leckie (the band's producer on the eponymous debut album) provided an insight into Wren's drum kit and playing style: "Reni just had a collection of drumsyou can't say Reni plays a lovely drum kitevery tom, cymbal and drum is from a different kit.That's how he makes it up. He's such a great player. When I listen to him play, I just sort of think, "Fuck! No-one else plays like that!" Pete Garner: "Reni was so much better than any drummer in a little band, like another level. He’d learned his craft. Everyone else I knew in bands had started like we did and you work at it, but he was already….He’d been doing gigs when he was a kid. Those early gigs basically people would just lock onto him, it was pretty mindblowing really. Now, he’s gone down in history as the hat and the Fools Gold riff but most people have not seen Reni drum like he can drum. Later on in the band he toned it down. Those early gigs it was always him people would talk about afterwards, 'Where did you find that fucking drummer?’" John Robb: "The best drummer of his generation. I’ve never seen anyone who could play drums like that – the talk in the early days was often about <mask> – "check out the amazing drummer" hipsters would say and he always delivered. If the Roses ever reformed it would be a buzz just to see him play those drums again – dextrous, fluid and exuberant – he could hit hard like a rock drummer but also had a real swing and that infectious energy."In a press conference on 18 October 2011, Wren, along with the other members of The Stone Roses, announced the band would be reforming for three "homecoming" gigs at Heaton Park, Manchester on 29 and 30 June and 1 July 2012. These dates were part of a Reunion Tour. 2011 reunion to the present day
On 23 May 2012, Wren played the drums in public for the first time in 17 years. This was at a secret gig in Warrington, a warm-up show before the band's full world tour. For his second career with the band, his kit now consists of two bass drums (with an image of a lemon on each bass drum - a reference to the band's eponymous debut album), with a greater number of tom-toms and cymbals than during his original run with the band. The Stone Roses completed 30 gigs across the world in 2012 and the band continued to tour in 2013. A documentary film from that year showcasing the band's reformation, The Stone Roses: Made of Stone, directed by Shane Meadows premiered in Manchester's Victoria Warehouse on 30 May 2013.In May and June 2016, following a brief hiatus, The Stone Roses released the new singles "All For One" and "Beautiful Thing", marking Wren's first new contributions to music since 2001. The band also announced concerts at the Etihad Stadium, which was followed by a wider tour of the world. Media outlets such as The Guardian continued to praise the drummer. After the band's first performance at the Etihad Stadium, the broadsheet newspaper stated: "The Stone Roses must not let Reni leave again". On its music blog, the paper explained: "On the face of it, the drummer is the most obviously replaceable component of a band but while fans are divided over the merits of a live Led Zeppelin without John Bonham, or Black Sabbath minus Bill Ward, the idea of a Reni-free Roses is untenable." It added: "The man Pete Townshend once hailed as 'the most natural drummer I’ve seen since Keith Moon' has been the individual delight of the last week’s gigs. With an extra bass drum, what look like new teeth and a grin that never leaves his face, Reni has regained his youthful pomp and is playing as well as ever.His backing singing and those trademark funky grooves are powering the band with a gusto that they haven’t had in years." Once again, the band briefly toured in early 2017 with the final show playing at Glasgow in June. During the gig, singer Brown made a comment which suggested the band will not be playing any further shows. The band's biographer, John Robb, told the NME: "It’s not official 100% confirmed that they’ve stopped, but it looks like they have, doesn’t it?" Of Wren, he added: "To me, the greatest tragedy is that if they have stopped, <mask> will only have recorded a few albums in his life. I wanted a full documentation of his drumming. Those records are far more than anyone else is going to do, but I think it’s kind of sad that he’s not made a full record since Second Coming and may never do again.I'm sure he doesn't care, he's got all the money in the bank. I just don't like seeing good talent go to waste, because he's still one of the greatest drummers I’ve ever seen." In late 2019, John Squire confirmed the permanent breakup. "Reni Hats"
Wren habitually wore a bucket hat during his time with The Stone Roses. The nickname "Reni hat" for these hats is still in use, especially due to the band's 2011 reformation, particularly in the UK. References

External links
The Stone Roses' official website

1964 births
Living people
Alternative rock drummers
British alternative rock musicians
Madchester musicians
English rock drummers
Musicians from Manchester
The Stone Roses members

masks: Reni Reni Reni


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<mask> (born 17 December 1979) is a former professional boxer. Born in Scotland, <mask> moved to Wales at a young age and took up boxing. He was selected to represent Wales at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester in the men's lightweight division. After winning his opening four bouts, <mask> defeated Denis Zimba in the gold medal match to become the first Welsh fighter to win gold at the games for more than 40 years. He turned professional in 2003 and won his first nine bouts, but persistent cut injuries and two consecutive defeats led to his retirement in 2005. He returned to boxing in 2008 and won the Welsh area super-featherweight title in his second fight before progressing to an unsuccessful British title fight against Martin Lindsay. He competed in the Prizefighter series in May 2010 at super-bantamweight but was eliminated in the semi-final.In May 2010, he won the vacant Commonwealth super-bantamweight title after defeating Kris Taylor, but lost the belt in his first defence against Jason Booth. He fought Scott Quigg in 2012 but suffered a stoppage defeat. He fought once more in 2015 before retiring, ending his career with a record of 19 wins (4 by knockout) and 6 defeats. Early life and Commonwealth title
<mask> was born in Aberdeen in Scotland to Betty and <mask>. The family moved to Wales when <mask> was four years old and he grew up in Cwmbran. He took up boxing after being bullied by a group of boys who lived in his street and began attending a local gym near his school from the age of nine. After six weeks, his coach convinced him to take up the sport on a permanent basis after praising his ability; <mask> credits this praise as helping improve his confidence and communication skills.He was also a keen footballer as a child and represented Wales at schoolboy level before giving up the game to devote his time to his boxing career. He was named in the Welsh boxing squad for the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester in the lightweight division, while still working as a scaffolder. He defeated Scotland's Mark Hastie and Lesotho's Koloba Sehloho in the opening rounds on points before stopping Adnan Jusoh of Malaysia in the quarter-final. <mask> overcame Jusoh in two rounds after moving 15 points ahead on the judges' scorecard which results in an immediate stoppage in an amateur bout. In the semi-final, <mask> faced Botswanan Gilbert Khunwane and suffered a cut to his face that required two stoppages to wipe blood from his eyes. He went on to win the bout 31–28 on points and left the ring immediately to receive stitches for his injury. In the final, he met Zambian Denis Zimba at the Manchester Arena.Ahead of the bout, there were doubts over whether <mask> would be able to compete due to the cut he had sustained in his semi-final, but he was eventually cleared by a doctor one hour before the fight was due to start. <mask> struggled in the opening two rounds of the bout before gaining control in the third round to establish a three-point lead. He later remarked that his plan was to score as many points as he could quickly in case the referee stopped the fight due to his injury. A close final round saw <mask> retain his lead and win the gold medal, becoming the first Welshman to win Commonwealth gold in 44 years since Howard Winstone at the 1958 Games. Professional career

Early bouts and first retirement
<mask> turned professional in 2003 with promoter Frank Warren, having initially made plans to continue fighting as an amateur in order to compete at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. <mask> commented that the lack of funding provided by the Welsh Amateur Boxing Association (WABA) had influenced his decision, although this was rebutted by the organisation's chairman. Fighting out of a Penarth-based gym, he made his professional debut at lightweight in March by defeating Daniel Thorpe on a points decision over four rounds at the Braehead Arena in Glasgow.Three months later he recorded his second victory by defeating James Gorman on points despite his opponent weighing more than half a stone () heavier. <mask> won a further four bouts in the final four months of 2003 after returning to original trainer Chris Manley of the Coed Eva club after his second bout. He stopped three opponents before defeating Jus Wallie on points in December. He was due to fight Mger Mkrtchyan in February 2004 but was forced to withdraw after a cut he had sustained in his victory over Wallie, which had required 15 stitches, had been slow to heal. Instead, his next bout was a points victory over Kris Taylor in late March. In July 2004, <mask> faced a significantly more experienced opponent in former French super-bantamweight champion Frederic Bonifai. He defeated Bonifai on points and recorded a similar victory over Buster Dennis two months later.In January 2005, <mask> met Haider Ali after a four-month break due to sustaining another cut. He suffered his first professional defeat after the referee stopped the bout due to a severe cut that <mask> had sustained from a clash of heads. In a bid to stop the recurring cut issues, <mask> hoped to undergo surgery to fix the problem but was told that the operation would not be a success. <mask> returned in July 2005 working under new coach Enzo Calzaghe, but suffered a second consecutive defeat against Harry Ramogaodi after being knocked down three times despite breaking his opponents' jaw during the bout. His defeat led to him being released from his contract with Warren's promotion company. In September 2005, <mask> announced his retirement from boxing at the age of 25 due to his ongoing cut issues and  having struggled to support his family financially. He commented "the enjoyment hasn't been there for the last 18 months, so when you're not enjoying something it's time to make a change" and announced plans to become an amateur trainer.Return to boxing
<mask> opened an amateur gym in Newport in 2007 and worked as a trainer for 18 months. He announced a return fight for April 2008 against Ghanaian Mettle Ayitey. <mask> dominated the fight to record his first victory since 2004 and stated that his ultimate aim on returning was to secure a British title. During his second fight on his return, in July of the same year, <mask> stopped Dai Davies in the second round of their bout to win the Welsh  super-featherweight title. His comeback was briefly derailed when he suffered a broken finger in training shortly afterwards and was forced to pull out of a fight against Riaz Durgahed in Bristol, but he returned in November to defeat Steve Gethin on points. He began 2009 with victories over Youssef al-Hamidi and Andrey Kostin in February and March respectively. His five-fight winning streak resulted in him facing undefeated Akaash Bhatia in an eliminator to become the number one contender for the British title.The 10-round fight finished with <mask> being named the winner by a single point and was later nominated for the British fight of the year award. <mask> secured a British featherweight title fight against unbeaten Martin Lindsay following his victory over Bhatia. As a warm-up bout for the contest, <mask> defeated Englishman Mickey Coveney on points at the Newport Centre, despite separating from trainer Eddie Avoth only eight days before the fight. Against Lindsay, <mask> lost the bout by unanimous decision after being knocked down twice and suffering a cut in the 11th round. <mask> had pledged to retire from the sport if he lost his British title fight, but in May 2010 he was offered the chance to join the Prizefighter series, a knockout tournament organised by Sky Sports consisting of three-round bouts held on the same night, at super bantamweight. He joined the competition with only 12 days notice to replace the injured Craig Lyon. He defeated Robbie Turley in his quarter-final before losing to the undefeated Ricky Owen in the semi-final.Commonwealth title and retirement
Despite his defeat, <mask> credited the Prizefighter series with inspiring him to fight again, dropping to super-bantamweight permanently. He was named as a surprise contender for the vacant Commonwealth super-bantamweight title against the undefeated Kris Taylor. <mask> was deducted two points during the bout for low blows and suffered a cut, but still went on to win a points decision to claim his first major title. His reign as champion was short-lived as he lost in his first defence to Jason Booth in February 2011 in a split decision. Despite being offered a rematch, <mask> initially chose to retire from boxing for a second time. In 2012, he came out of retirement to fight Scott Quigg for the British Super-bantamweight belt after Rendall Munroe turned down the bout. <mask> caused a surprise by knocking the unbeaten Quigg down in the fourth round, however the referee called a halt to the fight after Quigg landed several heavy body blows to <mask> in the eighth round.<mask> was upset with the stoppage, stating that the shots had caught him off balance and he was fine to continue. <mask> retired again after the bout, opening his own gym in Rhydyfelin in Pontypridd and coaching Newport-based fighter Bradley Pryce. <mask> made a brief return in 2015 to fight Antonio Horvatic at the Newport Centre. He returned again hoping to challenge for a British title and defeated Horvatic on points. He was forced to withdraw from a bout in early 2016, never fighting at a professional level again. Personal life
Alongside his boxing career, <mask> enrolled on a sports studies course through the University of Wales in 2003. His wife Karen is a horse trainer and <mask> has often trained alongside the animals when preparing for fights.After retiring from fighting, <mask> became a personal trainer. He also briefly managed fighter Kieran Gething. Professional boxing record

References

External links

Career details
<mask> Official Site
<mask> Boxer Profile
<mask> on the comeback trail

1979 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Wales
Boxers at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Wales
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Lightweight boxers
People from Cwmbran
Prizefighter contestants
Sportspeople from Aberdeen
Super-bantamweight boxers
Welsh male boxers

masks:
Jamie Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Arthur
Gordon Arthur
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Jamie Arthur
Jamie Arthur
Jamie Arthur


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<mask> (born March 31, 1948) is an American actress. She played head-waitress Carla Tortelli in the sitcom Cheers (1982–1993). Over the course of 11 seasons, <mask> was nominated for ten Emmy Awards for Outstanding Supporting Actress – winning four times – and was nominated for a record seven Golden Globe Awards for Best Supporting Actress in a Television Series. She has also appeared in films, including Canadian Bacon (1995), Matilda (1996), The Sessions (2012), and Poms (2019). Early life and family
<mask> was born on March 31, 1948, in Coney Island, Brooklyn, to <mask>, a Polish immigrant who was a manager at a doll parts factory and Adele, a bookkeeper. She grew up in Bensonhurst in a Jewish family with additional roots in Russia. She has a sister, Heide, who is a television writer, story editor, and producer who worked on Cheers, Frasier and The Tracey Ullman Show.In the mid-1980s, their parents moved to Los Angeles, and their father became an extra on Cheers. His character became known by his real name, Phil, and he managed to get a few lines over the years as he appeared in more than 30 episodes. He created a second career as a character actor, appearing in several films and television shows, including Throw Momma from the Train, Hoffa, and Frasier. She studied drama at Hunter College in New York, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1968. Career

<mask> began her acting career with a small role as an attendant in the off-off-Broadway play Dracula Sabbat, which ran from September 1970 to June 1971. In 1972, she played a bit role in the film Hot Dogs for Gauguin. That same year she appeared in Westbeth Playwrights Feminist Collective's production of Up – An Uppity Revue, along with her future husband, Danny DeVito.One of her first notable parts was a recurring role on the television show Taxi as Zena, the sweet girlfriend of Louie De Palma (played by DeVito). Following that, she had a role in a small play portraying a much tougher character. Producers Glen and Les Charles saw her in that play, which led to her landing the role as wisecracking barmaid Carla Tortelli on their sitcom Cheers in 1982. The series struggled with ratings in its first season, but by the time it ended in 1993, it was one of the most popular and successful shows of all time, winning 20 Emmy awards out of 95 nominations. <mask> won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy four times: in 1984, 1985, 1986 and 1989. Over her 11 seasons on Cheers, she was nominated for an Emmy every year but 1992, becoming the Cheers star to have the most wins and nominations. She was also nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress six times, more than anyone else in that category.In 2011, CBS named Carla Tortelli as one of the greatest TV characters of all time. In 1986, <mask> starred in an episode of Steven Spielberg's Amazing Stories titled "The Wedding Ring," which also starred DeVito as her character's husband. In the 1990s, <mask> starred in several TV movies and motion pictures. In 1992, she starred in the made-for-TV-movie, To Grandmother's House We Go opposite Ashley Olsen and Mary-Kate Olsen, playing the wife of Jerry Van Dyke's character; the couple kidnapped the Olsen Twins' characters, hoping to cash in on ransom before Christmas. Other TV films in which she starred included the dramas A Place to Be Loved and In Spite of Love. <mask>'s motion picture roles included There Goes The Neighborhood (1992), Canadian Bacon (1995), Carpool (1996), Sunset Park (1996), and Matilda (1996). She had a cameo in the film 10 Items Or Less (2006), and also starred in the 2007 independent film Love Comes Lately.In 1994, <mask> voiced 9-Eye in The Timekeeper, a Circle-Vision show at the Magic Kingdom in Tomorrowland. She later starred in the 1996 sitcom Pearl as the title character and was featured on the 2001 TV drama Kate Brasher. Among her notable guest appearances was on the fourth-season premiere of Becker, which starred Cheers co-star Ted Danson. <mask> also appeared in a 2000 television film How to Marry a Billionaire: A Christmas Tale, in which she impersonated Jacqueline Kennedy. She also portrayed a therapist called Dr. Parella in the 2000 film Secret Cutting, which follows the story of a young girl named Dawn who self-injures. In 2007, <mask> appeared as Bertha in the West End of London in the comedy Boeing Boeing. In 2008, she starred in the Hallmark Channel original movie, The Christmas Choir, and appeared in Beethoven's Big Break in 2008 as Patricia Benji.In 2009, she appeared as Tanya's mother on the series Hung for Home Box Office Networks. In 2011, <mask> had a guest appearance as Mittens in one episode of Wilfred. In 2009, <mask> and her daughter Lucy DeVito starred in the off-Broadway play Love, Loss, and What I Wore, adapted by Nora and Delia Ephron, at the Westside Theatre. From 2014 to 2017, she starred in a recurring role on The Mindy Project as Danny's mother, Annette Castellano. Writing
<mask> is the author of the illustrated children's book series Otto Undercover, whose six books to date (as of the middle of May 2012) are Born to Drive, Canyon Catastrophe, Water Balloon Doom, Toxic Taffy Takeover, The Brink of Ex-stink-tion, and Brain Freeze. Personal life
 <mask> met Danny DeVito on January 17, 1971, when she went to see a friend in the single performance of the play The Shrinking Bride, which also featured DeVito. They moved in together two weeks after meeting  and married on January 28, 1982.They have three children: Lucy Chet DeVito, Grace Fan DeVito, and Jacob Daniel DeVito. <mask>, who is Jewish, and DeVito, who was raised Catholic, raised their children celebrating the major holidays of both religions but did not give their children any religious identity. <mask> told the Los Angeles Times in 1998: "We do all the holidays to keep the traditions and the culture going, but I truly don't have a great feeling about any particular organized religion, and I don't think it's right to impose one on my kids. I feel like I'm bringing them up to be good people, and that's what it's about." The family resided in Beverly Hills, California, and they owned a vacation home in Interlaken, New Jersey. Throughout their relationship, <mask> and DeVito have acted alongside each other several times, including in the TV show Taxi and the feature film Matilda. <mask> and DeVito separated in October 2012.However, in March 2013, it was reported that they had reconciled. The couple later separated again for a second time in March 2017 on amicable terms. Although the two no longer live together, <mask> said she has no intention of divorcing DeVito. In 2019, <mask> told interviewer Andy Cohen that she and DeVito have become closer friends after their separation than they were in their final years as a couple. Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New York City
American film actresses
American television actresses
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American voice actresses
Hunter College alumni
Jewish American actresses
Lafayette High School (New York City) alumni
New York (state) Democrats
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Coney Island
People from Monmouth County, New Jersey
People from Bensonhurst, Brooklyn
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Rhea Jo Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Philip Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
Perlman
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texts:
<mask> of Anhalt (c. 113224 October 1184) was born as the third son of Sophie of Winzenburg and her husband Albert the Bear, then Count of Anhalt, of the House of Ascania. In 1168 he was elected Archbishop of Bremen. Afterward he became Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg (1173–1179) as <mask> I. In 1179 he succeeded in getting it upgraded to a Prince-Archbishopric of imperial immediacy in 1180, thus becoming Prince-Archbishop of Bremen. He was a strong advocate of Ascanian clan interests. Before ascending the see
Probably before 1147 <mask> joined the  in Magdeburg as a secular canon. His father's donations of rural possessions to the monastery in 1151 are probably related to providing <mask> a princely livelihood within the monastery.<mask> appears for the first time as a witness in a document of 19 September 1154 in Halle upon Saale alongside his father and brothers. They altogether testified, that Bremen's Archbishop Hartwig, Count of Stade confirmed to have received a donation of <mask>'s paternal grandmother Eilika in Paulinzell. In 1155 <mask>, his parents, brothers and sisters attended the inauguration ceremony of the abbey of the monastery in Leitzkau. The following years he officiated as canon in Magdeburg. Historical background
The Archdiocese of Bremen and its respective incumbent was one of the players in the struggle for feudal positions. The Archbishop had no princely rank under the emperor, but held all the possessions, privileges, etc., that belonged to the See as mediate tenant, meaning a vassal of the Duchy of Saxony, where the possessions were located, with the Duke himself being a vassal of the Emperor. Hartwig of Stade, as Hartwig I Archbishop of Bremen, was the last male representative of the comital family of Stade.When he died in 1168, the County of Stade was reverted. The Bremian Chapter, which had elected Hartwig for Archbishop in expectancy for the county, claimed it would be a fief of the Bremian See. Henry the Lion of the House of Guelph, replied with a twofold claim: (1) he would be the heir, giving some obscure arguments on his relation to Stade's comital family; (2) the then Archbishop Adalbero of Bremen allegedly had promised Henry's mother Wulfhild to enfeoff her with the county, a very dubious claim. In fact Henry, then 14 years old, simply wanted to increase his realm. Therefore, Henry occupied the County of Stade with his troops. Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, Westphalia and Angria and of Bavaria, was an ambitious man, striving for more independence and rejecting the imperial overlordship. He gained strong allies through marriage with Matilda Plantagenêt, the daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and sister of Richard Lionheart, and by way of alliance with Prince Pribislav of Mecklenburg and Duke Casimir I of Pomerania.Henry's paternal cousin Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, House of Hohenstaufen, steadily had to assert himself against his princely vassals and the Roman Catholic Church. Frederick refused to receive the rank as Emperor like a papal fief, which is why he conflicted with Pope Alexander III. <mask>'s Ascanian clan, domiciled at the middle Elbe river and then led by Albert the Bear, a maternal cousin of Henry the Lion, also strove for more power and territories to conquer westwards from Saxon and eastwards from Slavic rulers. Nevertheless, the Ascanians by far were not as successful as Henry the Lion. <mask>'s brothers held different territories conquered by their father and them:

 Otto of Anhalt, became as Otto I Margrave of Brandenburg after Albert the Bear died
 Hermann of Anhalt, became Count of Weimar-Orlamünde
 <mask> of Anhalt
 Heinrich of Anhalt, canon at Magdeburg's Cathedral
 Albert of Anhalt, became Count of Ballenstedt
 Dietrich of Anhalt, became Count of Werben
 Bernhard of Anhalt, inherited the Ascanian allodially owned County of Anhalt,

The first struggle for the Bremian See
In 1168, after the death of Bremen's Archbishop Hartwig I, the Bremian cathedral chapter elected two rival Archbishops. The capitulars, opposing Henry the Lion and his claim to the County of Stade, voted for <mask>, while the Guelphic party elected Otbertus, the dean of the Chapter. Henry's loyal vassal, Gunzelin of Hagen, first Count of Schwerin, took martial actions against anti-Guelphic partisans, provoking an upheaval in Bremen.The Guelphic party won and <mask> had to flee to Oldenburg. Frederick I declared the elections null and void on the Diet (1169) in Bamberg. Anyway, Frederick I did not like <mask>'s loyalty to Pope Alexander III, with whom Frederick was quarrelling. Frederick I aligned himself with Henry the Lion, in order to ascertain his loyalty, and appointed the Bremian capitular provost Baldwin I to the see, Alexander III confirmed that. Baldwin was an aged and compliant man. Baldwin ceded the County of Stade to Henry and alienated many other archiepiscopal estates. By the end of 1168 Ascanians and Guelphs confronted in skirmishes.<mask> as prince-bishop of Brandenburg
<mask> now used to call himself Bishop Elect of Bremen. Through the influence of his friend, Wichmann of Seeburg, Archbishop of Magdeburg, in 1173 the Brandenburgian Chapter elected <mask> the new Prince-Bishop of Brandenburg, succeeding the late Wilmar. Not much is known about <mask>'s period in office. Several times he stayed with Wichmann or Alexander III. Fighting again for the Bremian See
In 1176, at the Battle of Legnano, Frederick I lost his Italian campaign, blaming it on Henry the Lion, who had refused to support him. Henry was busy extending and defending his own reign against the quarrelling clan of the Ascanians. Wichmann visited Frederick I in Italy in order to fathom in how far <mask>'s claim to the Bremian See could be enforced – e.g.in the scope of the Peace of Venice. Frederick I declared Baldwin's investiture as Archbishop and all his alienations of archiepiscopal possessions to be invalid. When in 1178 Baldwin received the official notification of his dismissal, he died. In 1179 <mask> attended the Third Council of the Lateran in Rome, while the Bremian Chapter elected another Guelphic partisan, Berthold, for Archbishop. Both Frederick I and Alexander III originally wanted to confirm this knowledgeable man in his new position. But when in 1179 Berthold arrived in Rome to gain his papal confirmation, Alexander III declared Berthold's election null and void. Inferior in warfare, many of Henry's enemies litigated him in lawsuits.Henry absented at the trials, to which he had been summoned. Thus the Diet decided to bring Henry before a judge, using military violence ( 1180-1181). Frederick I Barbarossa and his allies, many of them vassals and former supporters of Duke Henry the Lion, had defeated him. In 1180 Frederick I Barbarossa stripped Henry the Lion of his duchies. In 1182, he and his wife went into exile. In 1180, at the Diet in Gelnhausen, the attending princes and Frederick I Barbarossa decided to partition Saxony in some dozens of territories of imperial immediacy, allotting each territory to that one of his allies, who had conquered them before from Henry the Lion and his remaining supporters. Otto I wielded his influence at the Diet.His and <mask>'s brother Bernhard, one of the most steadfast warriors against Henry the Lion, was provided with the later on so-called younger Duchy of Saxony (1180 - 1296), thus becoming Bernhard III, Duke of Saxony. In 1260, with effect from 1296 on, its later rulers split the younger Duchy into the Duchies of Saxe-Wittenberg () and Saxe-Lauenburg (), the latter belonging in religious respect to the archdiocese of Bremen. The Gelnhausen Diet (1180) confirmed <mask> as Archbishop upgraded part of the diocesan territory to form the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen of imperial immediacy. Thus the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen became one of the successor states of the old Duchy of Saxony, holding only a small part of its former territory. Since the deposed Henry the Lion had entrenched in his last Saxon stronghold, the city of Stade, Otto I and Bernhard III militarily supported their brother <mask> to de facto gain the power in all the Prince-Archbishopric. <mask> as Prince-Archbishop of Bremen
After Alexander III had deposed Berthold (later Prince-Bishop of Metz), <mask> did not lay down, but managed to get his election of 1168 confirmed in 1180. He ceded Ditmarsh, which supposed to belong to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, to his brother Bernhard.In his new position of Duke of Saxony he held the Land of Hadeln around Otterndorf, south of the river Elbe right opposite of Ditmarsh on the north bank. Adolf III of Schauenburg, Count of Holstein, at enmity with the Ascanians, had taken de facto possession of Ditmarsh. So it was up to Bernhard to regain the territory, but he failed, he could only force Adolf to accept his overlordship in Ditmarsh. In 1181, <mask> waived to further levy fees from merchants for building ships. In the pertaining document he recognised the burghers of the city of Bremen as universitas civitas. He granted new privileges to the cities of Bremen and Stade. He participated in the foundations of the monastery in Osterholz (1182) and Heiligenrode (1180/1183; a part of today's Stuhr).In 1182, Frederick I consigned <mask> with the task to pick up the seven-year-old Princess Ingeborg, the sister of Canute VI of Denmark at the Danish court, and to escort her to her designate bridegroom Duke Frederick of Swabia, Frederick I's son. The Danish-imperial relations were difficult and therefore Canute granted his sister only a poor endowment. The marriage never materialised. <mask> continued and promoted the interior colonisation by settling wasteland and draining and diking marshes, as in Oberneuland (1181; a part of today's Bremen), Stuhr (1183), Osten and the marshes along the river Oste. In 1183, some canons of Bremen's Cathedral formed a conspiracy against <mask>, blaming him at Pope Lucius III to be a too secular clerk. The scholastic Henry of Bremen exonerated <mask>, thus he stayed in office. <mask> could win most of the diocesan clergy and Bremen's burghers through generous and pious donations.In 1184, <mask> died prematurely and was buried in a church in Bremen. See also

 Anhalt
 Archdiocese of Bremen
 House of Ascania

References

 Hahn, 'Die Söhne Albrechts des Bären 1170-1184', In: Jahresbericht über die Louisenstädtische Realschule, Berlin 1869
 May, Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Bremen, Hanover: Selbstverlag der Historischen Kommission, 1937, vol. 1

Notes

House of Ascania
12th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Holy Roman Empire
Roman Catholic Prince-Archbishops of Bremen
12th-century births
1184 deaths
People from former German states in Brandenburg

masks: Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried Siegfried


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<mask> (August 27, 1822 – February 7, 1896) was an American politician. He served as a U.S. Representative from Indiana from 1853 to 1861 and was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1880. <mask> entered politics at a young age, becoming a part of Jesse D. Bright's conservative faction of the Indiana Democratic Party. After four years in the federal bureaucracy in Washington, from 1845, he returned to Indiana and participated in the state constitutional convention of 1850. He was elected to the Indiana House of Representatives in 1851 and served as its speaker at the age of twenty-nine. After a two-year term in the state house, <mask> represented Indiana in the federal House of Representatives for four terms from 1853 to 1861, working most notably to achieve a compromise on the admission of Kansas as a state. <mask> retired from the House in 1861, but remained involved in party affairs.In the American Civil War he was a War Democrat, supporting the Union war effort. As well as pursuing a political career, he was an author and businessman. He owned an opera house, was president of a bank, and developed many residential properties. English was successful in business, and became one of the wealthiest men in Indiana. After nearly two decades in the private sector, English returned to political life as the Democratic nominee for vice president in 1880. English and his presidential running mate, Winfield Scott Hancock, lost narrowly to their Republican opponents, James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur. Family and early career
<mask> <mask> was born August 27, 1822 in Lexington, Indiana, the only son of Elisha <mask> and his wife, Mahala (Eastin) <mask>.Both his parents were Kentucky natives from slaveholding families of English and French Huguenot ancestry. They moved to southern Indiana in 1818. Elisha <mask> quickly became involved in local politics as a Democrat, serving in the state legislature as well as building a prominent business career. <mask> was educated in the local public schools, later attending Hanover College. He left college after three years and began to read law. In 1840, English was admitted to the bar at the age of eighteen and soon built a practice in his native Scott County. He started early in politics as well, attending the state Democratic convention that same year and giving speeches on behalf of the Democratic presidential candidate, Martin Van Buren.From the end of 1842, English was mentored by Lieutenant Governor Jesse D. Bright, who helped him rise within Bright's faction of the party. The following year, the Indiana House of Representatives selected English as their clerk. In 1844, he worked the campaign trail, this time in the service of presidential candidate James K. Polk. Politics and marriage
As a reward, after Polk took office in 1845, he granted English a patronage appointment as a clerk in the federal Treasury Department in Washington, D.C. English held this position for four years, during which time he met Emma Mardulia Jackson. They married in November 1847. They had two children: <mask> and Rosalind. English attended the 1848 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, where he supported Lewis Cass, the eventual presidential nominee.With the election of the Whig Party's candidate, Zachary Taylor, to the presidency, a Whig party member replaced English at the Treasury Department. He secured a job as clerk to the United States Senate's Claims Committee through party connections; serving until 1850 in Washington. <mask> and his wife then returned to Indiana, where he worked as secretary to the Indiana constitutional convention. Democrats were in the majority at the convention, and their proposals were incorporated into the new law, including increasing the number of elective offices, guaranteeing a homestead exemption, and restricting voting rights to white men. Free blacks had formerly had suffrage in the state. The voters approved the new constitution by a large majority. In August 1851, English won his first election to the state House of Representatives.As it was the first meeting of the legislature under the 1851 constitution, <mask>'s knowledge of it contributed to his election as speaker of the House at the age of twenty-nine. The House had a Democratic majority and, at Bright's direction, English worked for the election of Graham N. Fitch, a member of Bright's faction of the party, to the U.S. Senate. The legislature chose a different Democrat, John Pettit, instead. Holding the office of Speaker increased <mask>'s influence throughout the state; in 1852, the Democrats chose him as their nominee for the federal House of Representatives from the newly reconfigured 2nd district. The Democrats were victorious in the election that October, sweeping all but one House seat. <mask> defeated his Whig opponent 55% – 45% and joined the 33rd Congress when it convened in Washington in 1853. <mask>'s time in Congress, much like the rest of his political career, can be seen as pragmatic.While he morally abhorred slavery, he condemned abolitionists and believed in the notion of “popular sovereignty,” which argued that the people of a state or territory should choose for themselves whether to have slavery. He explained his opinion in a speech in 1854:

"Sir, I am a native of a free State [sic], and have no love for the institution of slavery. Aside from the moral question involved, I regard it as an injury to the State where it exists….But sir, I never can forget that we are a confederacy of States, possessing equal rights, under our glorious Constitution. That if the people of Kentucky believe the institution of slavery would be conducive to their happiness, they have the same right to establish and maintain that we of Indiana have to reject it; and this doctrine is just as applicable to States hereafter to be admitted as to those already in the Union." Congress

Kansas–Nebraska Act
The House of Representatives convened for the 33rd Congress in December 1853. At that time, the simmering disagreement between the free and slave states heated up with the introduction of the Kansas–Nebraska Act, proposed by Illinois Democrat Stephen A. Douglas, which would open the Kansas and Nebraska territories to slavery, an implicit repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. Intended to quiet national agitation over slavery by shifting the decision to local settlers, Douglas's proposal instead inflamed anti-slavery sentiment in the North by allowing the possibility of slavery's expansion to territories held as free soil for three decades.<mask>, a member of the Committee on Territories, thought the bill was unnecessary and disagreed with its timing; when the committee approved the bill, <mask> wrote a minority report to that effect. He was not altogether opposed to the principle of popular sovereignty, however, believing that "each organized community ought to be allowed to decide for itself". Northern Democrats divided almost evenly on the bill, but English, despite his stated reservations, was among those who voted for it. In doing so, he said that Congress was bound to respect the decision of the territories' residents and pledged to uphold their decisions. President Franklin Pierce signed the bill into law on May 30, 1854. The Kansas–Nebraska Act was grossly unpopular across the North. The reaction ultimately killed the Whig Party, weakened northern Democrats, and brought about a new party, the Republicans.Only 3 of 42 free-state representatives were reelected after voting for it; English was one of them. <mask> was a conservative Democrat, and his southern Indiana district, while not pro-slavery, also had little sympathy for abolitionism. He was reelected again in 1856, when the Democrats regained the House majority in the 35th Congress. The Speaker, James Lawrence Orr, assigned English to the Post Office and Post Roads Committee, but the issue of Kansas claimed more of his time. English Bill

In December 1857, in an election boycotted by free-state partisans, Kansas adopted the pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution and petitioned Congress to be admitted as a slave state. President James Buchanan, a Democrat, urged that Congress take up the matter, and the Senate approved a bill to admit Kansas. The bill was defeated in the House, 112–120.English found the process by which the pro-slavery Kansans forced through their constitution inadequate, and voted against admission. Congress continued to debate the matter for months without resolution. English and Georgia Democrat Alexander H. Stephens came up with a compromise measure, later called the English Bill. The English Bill offered Kansas admission as a slave state, but only if the people endorsed that choice in a referendum. The Bill also required Kansans to renounce the unusually large grant of federal lands they had requested in the Lecompton Constitution. The Kansas voters could, thus, reject Lecompton by the face-saving measure of turning down the smaller land grant. Congress passed the English Bill, and Kansans duly rejected their pro-slavery constitution by a ratio of six to one.Some of <mask>'s political allies, including Bright (now a senator), would have preferred that Kansas be admitted as a slave state, but the decision was popular enough in his district to allow English to be reelected in 1858 with a majority of 56% to 44%. Business career

English declined to run for reelection in 1860 but he gave several speeches advocating compromise and moderation in the growing North-South divide. After Abraham Lincoln's election that year, English urged Southerners not to secede. After southern secession occurred and the Civil War began, Governor Oliver P. Morton offered English command of a regiment, but he declined iI since he had no military knowledge or interests. English, however, supported Morton's (and indirectly Lincoln's) war policies and considered himself a War Democrat. English lent money to the state government to cover the expenses of outfitting the troops and served as provost marshal for the 2nd congressional district. After retiring from Congress, English spent a year at his home in Scott County before he relocated to Indianapolis, the state capital.English and ten associates (including James Lanier) organized the First National Bank of Indianapolis in 1863, the first bank in that city chartered under the new National Bank Act. He remained president of that bank until 1877, including the difficult period during the Panic of 1873, when many other banks folded. <mask>'s business interests included other industries as well. He became the controlling shareholder of the Indianapolis Street Railway Company and remained in charge of the company until 1876, when he sold his shares. Having also sold his shares of the bank by 1877, English turned most of his investment capital to real estate. By 1875, he had ordered construction of 75 houses along what is now English Avenue. His wife, Emma, died two years later, in 1877. he survived her by 19 years.When he died in 1896, he owned 448 properties, most of them in Indianapolis. In 1880, English constructed English's Opera House, which, according to the 1994 Encyclopedia of Indianapolis, quickly became known as the city's finest. The building was modeled after the Grand Opera House in New York and seated 2,000 people. It opened on September 27, 1880, with a performance of Hamlet starring Lawrence Barrett. By that time, English was involved in politics once more. He turned over management of the Opera House to his son, <mask> <mask>, who was interested in the theater and had just married an actress, Annie Fox. <mask>. later added a hotel to the Opera House, and both operated until 1948.Vice-presidential candidate

After leaving the House of Representatives, English remained in touch with local politics, and served as chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party. His son had been elected to the state house in 1879, and the elder English was still consulted on political matters. Although he had not sought elected office since 1858, he had raised his national profile in 1879 through several interviews and letters to friendly newspapers. English attended the 1880 Democratic National Convention in Cincinnati as a member of the Indiana delegation, where he favored presidential candidate Thomas F. Bayard of Delaware, whom he admired for his support of the gold standard. The first ballot was inconclusive, with Bayard in second place. Major General Winfield Scott Hancock of Pennsylvania led the voting, and on the second ballot was nominated for President. The Indiana delegation held back their votes from Hancock until the crucial moment, and as a reward, the delegates unanimously selected English for the vice-presidential nomination.He was not expected to add much to the ticket outside of Indiana, but the party leaders thought his popularity in that swing state would help Hancock against James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur, the Republican nominees. The Republicans believed that the real reason for <mask>'s nomination was his willingness to use his personal fortune to finance the campaign, as Democratic campaign coffers were low. <mask> gave a brief speech accepting the nomination, then replied more formally in a letter a month later. In that letter, English called the disputes of the Civil War settled, and promised a "sound currency, of honest money", the restriction of Chinese immigration, and a "rigid economy in public expenditure". He characterized the election as one between

Hancock and the Democrats expected to carry the Solid South, which, with the disenfranchisement of black Southerners following the end of Reconstruction, was dominated electorally by white Democrats. In addition to the South, the ticket needed to add New York and a few of the Midwestern states to their total to win the election; national elections in that era were largely decided by closely divided states there. The practical differences between the parties were few, and the Republicans were reluctant to attack Hancock personally because of his heroic reputation.The one policy difference the Republicans were able to exploit was a statement in the Democratic platform endorsing "a tariff for revenue only". Garfield's campaign used this statement to paint the Democrats as unsympathetic to the plight of industrial laborers, who benefited from the high protective tariff then in place. The tariff issue cut Democratic support in industrialized Northern states, which were essential in establishing a Democratic majority. The October state elections in Ohio and Indiana resulted in Republican victories there, discouraging Democrats about the federal election to come the following month. There was even some talk among party leaders of dropping English from the ticket, but <mask> convinced them that the October losses owed more to local issues, and that the Democratic ticket could still carry Indiana, if not Ohio, in November. In the end, <mask> was proven wrong: the Democrats and Hancock failed to carry any of the Midwestern states they had targeted, including Indiana. Hancock and <mask> lost the popular vote by just 7,018.The electoral vote, however, had a much larger spread: 214 for Garfield and Arthur, compared to 155 for Hancock and <mask>. Post-election career and legacy
English resumed his business career after the election. He also became more interested in local history, joining a reunion of the survivors of the 1850 state constitutional convention, which met at his opera house in 1885. He became the president of the Indiana Historical Society and wrote two volumes, which were published at his death: Conquest of the Country Northwest of the River Ohio, 1778–1783; and Life of General George Rogers Clark. He served on the Indianapolis Monument Commission in 1893, and helped to plan and finance the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument there. He died at his home in Indianapolis on February 7, 1896. English was interred in Crown Hill Cemetery with his wife, who had died in 1877.Although many of the buildings he constructed have been demolished, English, Indiana, the county seat of Crawford County, is named after him, as is English Avenue in Indianapolis. Identical statues of English stand in front of the Scott County Courthouse in Scottsburg, Indiana, and at the Crawford County Fairgrounds in English. His son <mask> served in Congress from 1884 to 1885. His grandson, <mask> Walling, the son of his daughter Rosalind, was a co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. An extensive collection of English's personal and family papers is housed at the Indiana Historical Society in Indianapolis, where it is open for research. Notes

References

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 Thesis

 Manuscript collection

 Finding aid to the <mask> English family papers at the Indiana Historical Society

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1822 births
1896 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Indiana
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential nominees
1880 United States vice-presidential candidates
Speakers of the Indiana House of Representatives
Members of the Indiana House of Representatives
Indiana Democrats
19th-century American politicians
Politicians from Indianapolis
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
Sons of the American Revolution
Writers from Indianapolis
Hanover College alumni
People from Scott County, Indiana
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Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery

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<mask>  FRCSC (born July 30, 1970) is a Canadian surgeon and former politician who served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of Simcoe—Grey from 2011 to 2019 as a member of the Conservative Party. She was first elected in the 2011 federal election, succeeding Member of Parliament Helena Guergis who was dismissed from the Conservative Party caucus. Following her election, <mask> was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. On July 15, 2013, Prime Minister Stephen Harper named <mask> Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women. She served in Cabinet until the defeat of the Conservative government in the 2015 federal election. <mask> ran in the 2017 contest for the leadership of the Conservative Party. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not be seeking re-election for the 43rd Canadian federal election and would return to being a full-time surgeon.Training and medical career
<mask> was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the daughter of Eleanor Lynne (Conway) and Kelburne "Kit" McNabb <mask>, who owned and operated a construction company. She was raised a Catholic, and still practises the religion. She graduated from Queen's University in 1991 with an undergraduate degree. She earned her MD from the University of Toronto in 1994, MBA from Dalhousie University in 1998, and completed the Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Program in 2001 at the University of Toronto. She became a fellow of clinical paediatric orthopaedics at Children's Hospital Los Angeles/University of Southern California in 2002. <mask> formerly taught at the University of Western Ontario, where she served as the assistant dean of external affairs at the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, and is a former chair of paediatric surgery at the Children's Hospital of Western Ontario. She was an orthopaedic pediatric surgeon at SickKids Hospital for one year before pursuing a career in politics.<mask> is also an associate professor at the University of Toronto. <mask> was the founding chair of the Ivey Centre for Health Innovation and Leadership  and led the health sector stream of the MBA programme at the Richard Ivey School of Business located at the University of Western Ontario. In 2009, <mask> founded the Kids Health Foundation (now known as The Sandbox Project), an organization that sought to work with academia, the not-for-profit sector, government and industry to make Canada the healthiest place on earth for children to grow up. <mask> maintained her medical credentials while serving in politics, and had hospital privileges at Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario in Ottawa. Political involvement
<mask> is an active member of the Conservative Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario. She was a strategist in Progressive Conservative MPP Christine Elliott's leadership bid in 2009. She also served as president of the Ontario PC Campus Association, and has been actively involved in the Conservative Party since she was 14.<mask> served as chair of the expert panel for the Children's Fitness Tax Credit in 2006, which made recommendations to Jim Flaherty, Minister of Finance, regarding the best ways to implement this tax credit designed to encourage health and fitness among Canadian children. In 2008, <mask> authored the report entitled Reaching for the Top: A Report by the Advisor on Healthy Children & Youth. The report is a "call to action" for government and industry on key issues affecting Canadian children and youth. <mask> serves on the boards for CANFAR, the National Research Council, YMCA, and Genome Canada, among others. Federal politics
On September 17, 2010, The Globe and Mail reported that <mask> would run for the Conservative nomination in Simcoe–Grey. The seat was, at the time, held by Helena Guergis, who was expelled from the Conservative Party. The Globe described <mask> as a "star candidate" and noted that her launch event in Creemore the following day would include former Ontario premier Bill Davis and federal Finance Minister Jim Flaherty.<mask> won the nomination over Collingwood mayor Chris Carrier and Paul Throop with 67% of all ballots cast in a large turnout. <mask> won the general election with more votes than any candidate for public office had ever received in Simcoe–Grey, with 31,784 ballots cast for her and a plurality of 20,590 votes, or 49.36% of the vote. Following her election, <mask> was appointed as the Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women
As part of the February 2014 budget, <mask> announced a $25 million plan to address violence against aboriginal women and girls. On July 15, 2013, Prime Minister Harper named <mask> Minister of Labour and Minister for the Status of Women. During the 2015 Canadian federal election, <mask> said that she was pro-life when asked at a local debate, citing her experience as a paediatric surgeon as her reason. On October 2, 2015, during the general election, <mask> and then-Minister of Citizenship and Immigration Chris Alexander announced a Royal Canadian Mounted Police "tip line" where Canadians could report "barbaric cultural practices", which, along with the niqab issue, was widely viewed as an attempt to keep cultural and immigration issues at the forefront of the election campaign.<mask> later expressed regret in her involvement of the "barbaric cultural practices tip line". However, in an interview, on the statement the tip line "is a good idea but wasn't communicated as effectively as it could be to the public" she characterised it as being "absolutely correct". Conservative leadership election
Although <mask> was re-elected in the 2015 election, the Conservatives were relegated to Official Opposition status. During the election, <mask> campaigned with over 70 Conservative candidates, which prepared the groundwork for her participation in the 2017 Conservative leadership election to replace Stephen Harper. <mask>'s policy stances faced similar controversy in October 2015 during the federal election, where she and fellow Conservative MP and Immigration Minister Chris Alexander pledged support and funding to establish a tip-line for Canadians to call in regards to what they called "barbaric cultural practices". <mask> has since made an effort to apologize for her role in the proposed legislation, saying that she regrets her decisions. She recruited Nick Kouvalis and Richard Ciano to head her leadership campaign, and Andy Pringle of the Toronto Police Services Board was her chief fundraiser.<mask> was the first official candidate to enter the race. As part of her leadership campaign, <mask> proposed a Canadian value screening for all new residents. Michael Chong, Conservative MP for Wellington-Halton Hills and an opponent of <mask> in the leadership race, spoke out against <mask>'s proposal, saying that it "does not represent our Conservative Party or our Canada". Despite the censure, <mask> stood by her proposal. In a September interview with the Canadian Press, <mask> made the following statement in response to the backlash she had been receiving: "I don't think it's intolerant to believe in a set of values that we expect everyone to share here and include those people who are coming to visit or immigrate to Canada." The focus of her campaign around the policies surprised some of her long-time mentors, such as former Conservative senator Hugh Segal, who couldn't support her leadership bid. <mask> proposed screening visitors, refugees and immigrants for "Canadian values".This process would include face to face interviews by trained immigration officers with 100% of immigrants, rather than the 10% or so that happens now, with questions pertaining to their views on whether Canadian law should be the only set of laws that applies to all Canadians, hate speech, violence, and equality between genders, sexual orientation, religious & political views. Stephen Maher, based on information he received from  former staffers of Letich, argued that her campaign manager  Nick Kouvalis, thought that it would give <mask>, a way to win. In a November 9, 2016 interview with Toronto Life magazine, <mask> cited the belief that gays should not be sentenced to death as an example of one such Canadian value. During the campaign she was endorsed by Council of European Canadians, but her campaign rejected the endorsement. Regarding the endorsement, <mask> said that for anyone to think her campaign is in any way based on ethnic nationalism is to be willfully ignorant of what her campaign is about. <mask> finished sixth in the race. After the leadership race
She was not included into Andrew Scheer's shadow cabinet.In December 2017, it was reported that Essa Township mayor Terry Dowdall and physician Gillian Yeates were challenging <mask> for the Conservative nomination in Simcoe—Grey for the next election. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not seek re-election. <mask> threw her support towards Marc Biss and Tim Bulmer, to be the party candidate for her riding arguing that they were "real conservatives" while believing Yeates and Dowdall were not. On March 24, it was announced that Dowdall won the party nomination for her riding after it was rumoured that he defeated Yeates on the third ballot. On January 23, 2018, <mask> announced that she would not be seeking re-election for the 43rd Canadian federal election and would return to being a full-time surgeon. As of December 1, 2019, she is chief of orthopaedic surgery at Children's of Mississippi. Electoral history

References

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1970 births
Canadian Roman Catholics
Canadian pediatricians
Women pediatricians
Canadian orthopedic surgeons
Canadian women physicians
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Dalhousie University alumni
Living people
Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
Physicians from Ontario
Politicians from Winnipeg
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Right-wing populism in Canada
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Women surgeons
20th-century women physicians
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21st-century Canadian women politicians

masks:
Khristinn Kellie Leitch
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