texts:
 Thornton, Jr. "Forerunners for a Domestic Revolution: <mask>, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, and the Ideology Of Childhood, 1900–1916".Illinois Historical Journal 1997 90(1): 47–64. Gustafson, Melanie. Women and the Republican Party, 1854–1924 (University of Illinois Press, 2001). Hamington, Maurice. "<mask>s", Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2007) online edition, Addams as philosopher
 Hamington, Maurice. Embodied Care <mask>, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Feminist Ethics (2004) excerpt and online search at amazon.com
 Hamington, Maurice. "<mask>s and a Politics of Embodied Care", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy v 15 #2 2001, pp.105–121 online at Project Muse
 Hamington, Maurice. "Public Pragmatism: <mask> and Ida B. Wells on Lynching", The Journal of Speculative Philosophy v. 19#2 (2005), pp. 167–174 online at Project Muse
 Hansen, Jonathan M. "Fighting Words: The Transnational Patriotism of Eugene V. Debs, <mask>, and W. E. B. Du Bois". PhD dissertation Boston U. 1997.286 pp. DAI 1997 57(10): 4511-A. DA9710148 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Henderson, Karla A. "<mask>s: Leisure Services Pioneer". Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, (1982) 53#2 pp. 42–45
 Imai, Konomi, and 今井小の実. "The Women's Movement and the Settlement Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Japan: The Impact of Hull House and <mask>s on Hiratsuka Raichō".Kwansei Gakuin University humanities review 17 (2013): 85-109. online
 Jackson, Shannon. Lines of Activity: Performance, Historiography, Hull-House Domesticity (2000). 384 pp. Joslin, Katherine. <mask>s: A writer's Life (2009) excerpt and text search
 Krysiak, Barbara H. "Full-Service Community Schools: <mask>s Meets John Dewey". School Business Affairs, v67 n8 pp. Aug 4–8, 2001.Knight, Louise W. "An Authoritative Voice: <mask>s and the Oratorical Tradition". Gender & History 1998 10(2): 217–251. Fulltext: Ebsco
 Knight, Louise W. "Biography's Window on Social Change: Benevolence and Justice in <mask>'s 'A Modern Lear.'" Journal of Women's History 1997 9(1): 111–138. Fulltext: Ebsco
 Lissak, R. S. Pluralism and Progressives: Hull-House and the New Immigrants. (1989)
 Matassarin, Kat. "<mask>s of Hull-House: Creative Drama at the Turn of the Century".Children's Theatre Review, Oct 1983. v32 n4 pp 13–15
 Morton, Keith. "Addams, Day, and Dewey: The Emergence of Community Service in American Culture". Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, Fall 1997 v4 pp 137–49 * Oakes, Jeannie. Becoming Good American Schools: The Struggle for Civic Virtue in Education Reform. (2000). Ostman, Heather Elaine. "Social Activist Visions: Constructions of Womanhood in the Autobiographies of <mask> and Emma Goldman".PhD dissertation Fordham U. 2004. 240 pp. DAI 2004 65(3): 934-A. DA3125022 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Packard, Sandra. "<mask>s: Contributions and Solutions for Art Education". Art Education, 29, 1, 9–12, Jan 76.Phillips, J. O. C. "The Education of <mask>s". History of Education Quarterly, 14, 1, 49–68, Spr 74. Philpott, Thomas. L. The Slum and the Ghetto: Immigrants, Blacks, and Reformers in Chicago, 1880–1930. (1991). Platt, Harold. "<mask>s and the Ward Boss Revisited: Class, Politics, and Public Health in Chicago, 1890–1930".Environmental History 2000 5(2): 194–222. Polacheck, Hilda Satt. I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl. Chicago, Illinois: University of Illinois Press, 1989. Sargent, David Kevin. "<mask>s's Rhetorical Ethic". PhD dissertation Northwestern U.1996. 275 pp. DAI 1997 57(11): 4597-A. DA9714673 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Scherman, Rosemarie Redlich. "<mask>s and the Chicago Social Justice Movement, 1889–1912". PhD dissertation City U. of New York 1999. 337 pp.DAI 1999 60(4): 1297-A. DA9924849 Fulltext: ProQuest Dissertations & Theses
 Schott, Linda. "<mask>s and William James on Alternatives to War". Journal of the History of Ideas 1993 54(2): 241–254. in JSTOR
 Seigfried, Charlene H. "A Pragmatist Response to Death: <mask>s on the Permanent and the Transient". Journal of Speculative Philosophy (2007) 21(2): 133––141. Shields, Patricia M. 2006."Democracy and the Social Feminist Ethics of <mask>s: A Vision for Public Administration". Administrative Theory & Praxis, vol. 28, no. 3, September, pp. 418–443. https://digital.library.txstate.edu/handle/10877/3959
 Shields, Patricia M. 2011. "<mask>s' Theory of Democracy and Social Ethics: Incorporating a Feminist Perspective".In Women in Public Administration: Theory and Practice. Edited by Maria D'Agostiono and Helisse Levine, Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlet. Shields, Patricia M. 2017. "<mask>s: Progressive Pioneer of Peace, Philosophy, Sociology, Social Work and Public Administration". New York, NY: Springer. Shields, Patricia M. and Soeters, Joseph. 2017.Peaceweaving: <mask>, Positive Peace and Public Administration. The American Review of Public Administration Vol. 47, no 3 pp. 323–399. doi/10.1177/0275074015589629. Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "Hull House in the 1890s: A Community of Women Reformers", Signs, Vol.10, No. 4, (Summer, 1985), pp. 658–677 in JSTOR
 Sklar, Kathryn Kish. "'Some of us who deal with the Social Fabric': <mask>dams Blends Peace and Social Justice, 1907–1919". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2003 2(1): 80–96. Soeters, Joseph. 2018."<mask>s: From Peace Activism to Pragmatic Peacekeeper" Chapter 5 in Sociology and Military Studies: Classical and Current Foundations New York: Routledge
 Stebner, E. J. The Women of Hull-House: A Study in Spirituality, Vocation, and Friendship. (1997). Stiehm, Judith Hicks. Champions for Peace: Women Winners of the Nobel Peace Prize. Rowman and Littlefield, 2006. Sullivan, M. "Social work's legacy of peace: Echoes from the early 20th century".Social Work, Sep93; 38(5): 513–20. EBSCO
 Toft, Jessica and Abrams, Laura S. "Progressive Maternalists and the Citizenship Status of Low-Income Single Mothers". Social Service Review 2004 78(3): 447-465. Fulltext: Ebsco

Primary sources
 Addams, <mask>. "A Belated Industry" The American Journal of Sociology Vol. 1, No. 5 (Mar.1896), pp. 536–550 in JSTOR
 Addams, <mask>. The subjective value of a social settlement (1892) online
 <mask>, <mask>, ed. Hull-House Maps and Papers: A Presentation of Nationalities and Wages in a Congested District of Chicago, Together with Comments and Essays on Problems Growing Out of the Social Conditions (1896; reprint 2007) excerpts and online search from amazon.com full text
 Kelley, Florence. "Hull House" The New England Magazine. Volume 24, Issue 5. (July 1898) pp.550–566 online at MOA
 Addams, <mask>. "Ethical Survivals in Municipal Corruption", International Journal of Ethics Vol. 8, No. 3 (Apr. 1898), pp. 273–291 in JSTOR
 Addams, <mask>. "Trades Unions and Public Duty", The American Journal of Sociology Vol.4, No. 4 (Jan. 1899), pp. 448–462 in JSTOR
 Addams, <mask>. "The Subtle Problems of Charity", The Atlantic Monthly. Volume 83, Issue 496 (February 1899) pp. 163–179 online at MOA
 Addams, <mask>. Democracy and Social Ethics (1902) online at Internet Archive online at Harvard Library
 23 editions published between 1902 and 2006 in English and held by 1,570 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>.Child labor 1905 Harvard Library online
 Addams, <mask>. "Problems of Municipal Administration", The American Journal of Sociology Vol. 10, No. 4 (Jan. 1905), pp. 425–444 JSTOR
 Addams, <mask>. "Child Labor Legislation – A Requisite for Industrial Efficiency", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science Vol. 25, Child Labor (May 1905), pp.128–136 in JSTOR
 Addams, <mask>. The operation of the Illinois child labor law, (1906) online at Harvard Library
 Addams, <mask>. Newer Ideals of Peace (1906) online at Internet Archive
 13 editions published between 1906 and 2007 in English and held by 686 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>. National protection for children 1907 online at Harvard Library
 Addams, <mask>. The Spirit of Youth and the City Streets (1909) online at books.google.com, online at Harvard Library
 16 editions published between 1909 and 1972 in English and held by 1,094 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>. Twenty Years at Hull-House: With Autobiographical Notes, 1910 online at A Celebration of Women Writers online at Harvard Library
 72 editions published between 1910 and 2007 in English and held by 3,250 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>. A new conscience and an ancient evil (1912) online at Harvard Library
 14 editions published between 1912 and 2003 in English and held by 912 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>; Balch, Emily Greene; and Hamilton, Alice.Women at the Hague: The International Congress of Women and Its Results. (1915) reprint ed by Harriet Hyman Alonso, (2003). 91 pp. online at Harvard Library
 Addams, <mask>. The Long Road of Woman's Memory (1916) online at Internet Archive online at Harvard Library, also reprint U. of Illinois Press, 2002. 84 pp. Addams, <mask>.Peace and Bread in Time of War 1922 online edition, online at Harvard Library
 12 editions published between 1922 and 2002 in English and held by 835 libraries worldwide
 Addams, <mask>. My Friend, Julia Lathrop. (1935; reprint U. of Illinois Press, 2004) 166 pp. Addams, <mask>. <mask>s: A Centennial Reader (1960) online edition
 Bryan, Mary Lynn McCree, Barbara Bair, and Maree De Angury. eds., The Selected Papers of <mask>s Volume 1: Preparing to Lead, 1860–1881. University of Illinois Press, 2002. online excerpt and text search
 Elshtain, Jean B. ed.The <mask> Reader (2002), 488pp
 Lasch, Christopher, ed. (1965). The Social Thought of <mask>s. External links

Digital collections
 <mask>dams Digital Edition, Ramapo College of New Jersey

Harvard University Library Open Collections Program. Women Working, 1870–1930. <mask> (1860–1935). A full-text searchable online database with complete access to publications written by <mask>s.Physical collections
Online photograph exhibit of <mask>s from Swarthmore College's Peace Collection
 Guide to the <mask> Collection 1894–1919 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
<mask>s Papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College
Ellen Gates Starr Papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College

Biographical information
FBI file on <mask>s
<mask>s on the history of social work timeline
<mask>s National Women's Hall of Fame
Kathi Coon Badertscher: <mask>s, In: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War

Hull House links
<mask>dams Hull-House Museum
<mask>'s Hull-House
Taylor Street Archives; Hull House: Bowen Country Club

Scholarship and analysis
 Michals, Debra "<mask>s". National Women's History Museum. 2017. Sklar, Kathryn Kish et al. "How Did Changes in the Built Environment at Hull-House Reflect the Settlement's Interaction with Its Neighbors, 1889–1912?" Sklar, Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600–2000
 Looks at her as "the first woman 'public philosopher' in United States history".American Commission for Peace in Ireland Interim Report

Other links

The Bitter Cry of Outcast London by Rev. Andrew Mearns
International Fellowship of Reconciliation

Short historical film showing <mask>s in Berlin in 1915, on her peace mission with Aletta Jacobs and Alice Hamilton. 1860 births
1935 deaths
19th-century American non-fiction writers
19th-century American women writers
19th-century Presbyterians
20th-century American memoirists
20th-century American philosophers
20th-century American women writers
20th-century Presbyterians
Activists from Chicago
American anti-war activists
American anti–World War I activists
American Civil Liberties Union people
American community activists
American humanists
American Nobel laureates
American pacifists
American people of English descent
American political activists
American political writers
American Presbyterians
American social workers
American sociologists
American temperance activists
Anti-poverty advocates
Burials in Illinois
Child labor in the United States
Children's rights activists
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees
Illinois Progressives (1912)
LGBT academics
LGBT Christians
LGBT memoirists
LGBT Nobel laureates
LGBT people from Illinois
LGBT writers from the United States
Nobel Peace Prize laureates
Non-interventionism
Nonviolence advocates
People from Stephenson County, Illinois
Philosophers from Illinois
Progressive Era in the United States
Rockford University alumni
American women memoirists
Women Nobel laureates
American women sociologists
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom people
Daughters of the American Revolution people
Writers from Chicago
International Congress

masks:
Jane Addams
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<mask>,  P.Eng (born August 29, 1943) is a Canadian astrophysicist. <mask> is the director of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Collaboration and held the Gordon and Patricia Gray Chair in Particle Astrophysics at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario from 2006 to 2013. He was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics jointly with Japanese physicist Takaaki Kajita. Early life

<mask> was born on August 29, 1943, in Sydney, Nova Scotia. He graduated with a B.Sc. in physics in 1964 and M.Sc. in physics in 1965 from Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia.He then obtained his Ph.D. in physics in 1969 from the California Institute of Technology. <mask> cited a high school math teacher and his first-year physics professor at Dalhousie as his inspirations for going into the field of physics. Academic career
<mask> worked as a research officer at the Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories northwest of Ottawa from 1969 to 1982. He became professor of physics at Princeton University from 1982 to 1989, leaving Princeton to join Queen's University where he became professor from 1989 to 2013. <mask> was a visiting scientist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva in 2004. In 2013 <mask> became a professor emeritus of Queen's University in Kingston, Canada. He continues to be active in basic research in Neutrinos and Dark Matter at the SNOLAB underground Laboratory and was a past member of the board of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.His visiting positions include CERN, University of Washington (1978), Los Alamos National Laboratory (1981),  University of Hawaii (2004, 2009), University of Oxford (2003, 2009),  Queen's University (1988). Research

Physicists have been investigating whether or not neutrinos have mass. Since the late 1960s, experiments have hinted that neutrinos may have mass. Theoretical models of the Sun predict that neutrinos should be made in large numbers. Neutrino detectors on the Earth have repeatedly seen fewer than the expected number of neutrinos. Because neutrinos come in three varieties (electron, muon, and tau neutrinos), and because solar neutrino detectors have been primarily sensitive only to electron neutrinos, the preferred explanation over the years is that those "missing" neutrinos had changed, or oscillated, into a variety for which the detectors had little or no sensitivity. If a neutrino oscillates, according to the laws of quantum mechanics, then it must have a mass.In 1984, <mask>'s collaborator Herb Chen at the University of California at Irvine suggested the advantages of using heavy water as a detector for solar neutrinos. Unlike previous detectors, using heavy water would make the detector sensitive to two reactions, one reaction sensitive to all neutrino flavours, the other sensitive to only the electron neutrino. Thus, such a detector could measure neutrino oscillations directly. Chen, Professor George Ewan, Professor David Sinclair, <mask>, and 12 other scientists formed the original Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) collaboration to exploit this idea in 1984. SNO was to be a detector facility using 1000 tonnes of heavy water located  underground in a mine outside Sudbury, Ontario. Chen died of leukemia in November 1987, however. In August 2001, the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, led by <mask> since 1989, reported observations that directly suggested electron neutrinos from the Sun were oscillating into muon and tau neutrinos.<mask> is a co-recipient of the 2007 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics, the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics, and the 2015 Fundamental Physics Prize for the discovery of neutrino oscillations and demonstrating that neutrinos have mass. Professor <mask> is now participating in research with the SNO+ and DEAP-3600 experiments at SNOLAB, an expanded underground laboratory at the original SNO underground site and with the DarkSide-20k collaboration developing an experiment at the underground laboratory near Gran Sasso, Italy. Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute
The Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute was inaugurally named the Canadian Particle Astrophysics Research Centre before renaming itself the Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute in May 2018, in recognition of Dr. <mask><mask>'s trailblazing work making Canada a leader in astroparticle physics. Humanitarian work
In the spring of 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing shortages, <mask> became one of the leaders of a project to mass-produce mechanical ventilators at low cost. <mask> has stated that the project was initiated by Princeton Professor Cristiano Galbiati who was locked down in Milan Italy. He inspired action by his colleagues on the DarkSide-20k Dark Matter physics experiment after recognizing the similarities between the requirements of a ventilator and those of particle physics experiments. <mask> led the Canadian team with members from TRIUMF laboratory, CNL Chalk River, SNOLAB and the McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute after strong positive response from the Directors of these institutions.The design, called the Mechanical Ventilator Milano, is based on the Manley ventilator but uses modern electronics wherever possible. The details, first published on March 23 by about 150 collaborators, were released under the CERN Open Hardware License. The project received the support of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau who anticipated an initial order of 30,000 to Canadian hospitals from several suppliers. An order has been placed for 10,000 units with Vexos, Markham. Selected honours and awards
1983, Fellow of the American Physical Society
1998, Canada Council Killam Research Fellowship
2003, Gerhard Herzberg Canada Gold Medal for Science and Engineering
2005, <mask>ecorvo Prize in Particle Physics, JINR, Dubna
2006, Officer of the Order of Canada
2007, Benjamin Franklin Medal in Physics with Yoji Totsuka
2009, Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) of the UK and Commonwealth
2009, Member of Canadian Science and Engineering Hall of Fame
2010, Canada Council Killam Prize in Natural Sciences
2011, Royal Society of Canada's Henry Marshall Tory Medal
2012, Member of the Order of Ontario
2015, Nobel Prize in Physics (jointly with Takaaki Kajita)
2015, Promotion to Companion of the Order of Canada
2016, asteroid 229781 Arthurmcdonald, discovered by Vincenzo Casulli at Vallemare di Borbona in 2008, was named in his honor. 2016, Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics (with the SNO Collaboration)
2016, Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences
2016, Member of the Order of Nova Scotia

References

External links
 <mask>. <mask> and Oscillating Neutrinos
 <mask>. <mask> Quotes With Pictures

1943 births
Living people
California Institute of Technology alumni
People from Sydney, Nova Scotia
Princeton University faculty
Queen's University at Kingston faculty
Canadian astrophysicists
Canadian Nobel laureates
Dalhousie University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Members of the Order of Ontario
Members of the Order of Nova Scotia
Nobel laureates in Physics
Companions of the Order of Canada
Fellows of the Royal Society
Articles containing video clips
Scientists from Ontario
Scientists from Nova Scotia
20th-century Canadian scientists
21st-century Canadian scientists
People associated with CERN

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texts:
<mask> (24 May 1852 – 20 March 1936) was a Scottish politician, writer, journalist and adventurer. He was a Liberal Party Member of Parliament (MP); the first ever socialist member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom; a founder, and the first president, of the Scottish Labour Party; a founder of the National Party of Scotland in 1928; and the first president of the Scottish National Party in 1934. <mask> was the eldest son of Major William Bontine of the Renfrew Militia and formerly a Cornet in the Scots Greys with whom he served in Ireland. His mother was the Hon. Anne Elizabeth Elphinstone-Fleeming, daughter of Admiral Charles Elphinstone-Fleeming of Cumbernauld and a Spanish noblewoman, Doña Catalina Paulina Alessandro de Jiménez, who reputedly, along with her second husband, Admiral James Katon, heavily influenced <mask>'s upbringing. Thus the first language <mask> learned was his mother's maternal tongue, Spanish. He spent most of his childhood on the family estate of Finlaystone in Renfrewshire and Ardoch in Dunbartonshire, Scotland, with his younger brothers Charles and Malise.After being educated at Harrow public school in England, Robert finished his education in Brussels, Belgium, before moving to Argentina to make his fortune cattle ranching. He became known as a great adventurer and gaucho there, and was affectionately known as Don Roberto. He also travelled in Morocco disguised as a Turkish sheikh to find the "forbidden" city of Taroudant but was captured by a Caid (Si Taieb ben Si Ahmed El Hassan El Kintafi), prospected for gold in Spain, befriended Buffalo Bill in Texas, and taught fencing in Mexico City, having travelled there by wagon train from San Antonio de Bexar with his young bride sic "Gabrielle Chideock de la Balmondiere" a supposed half-French, half-Chilean poet. Convert to socialism
After the death of his father in 1883 he reverted to the <mask> <mask> surname. He returned to the UK and became interested in politics. He attended socialist meetings where he heard and met William Morris, George Bernard Shaw, H. M. Hyndman, Keir Hardie and John Burns. Despite his wealthy origins, <mask> was converted to socialism and he began to speak at public meetings.He was an impressive orator and was especially good at dealing with hecklers. Liberal Party MP

Although a socialist, in the 1886 general election he stood as a Liberal Party candidate at North West Lanarkshire. His election programme was extremely radical and called for:

the abolition of the House of Lords
universal suffrage
the nationalisation of land, mines and other industries
free school meals
disestablishment of the Church of England
Scottish Home Rule
the establishment of an eight-hour working day

Supported by liberals and socialists, <mask> defeated the Unionist candidate by 322 votes. He had stood against the same candidate at the 1885 general election, in which he was defeated by over 1100 votes. <mask> <mask> refused to accept the conventions of the British House of Commons. On 12 September 1887 he was suspended from parliament for making what was called a "disrespectful reference" to the House of Lords. He was the first MP ever to be suspended from the House of Commons for swearing; the word was damn.<mask>'s main concerns in the House of Commons were the plight of the unemployed and the preservation of civil liberties. He complained about attempts in 1886 and 1887 by the police to prevent public meetings and free speech. He attended the protest demonstration in Trafalgar Square on 13 November 1887 that was broken up by the police and became known as Bloody Sunday. <mask> was badly beaten during his arrest and taken to Bow Street Police Station, where his uncle, Col William Hope VC, attempted to post bail. Both <mask> <mask>, who was defended by H. H. Asquith, and John Burns were found guilty for their involvement in the demonstration and sentenced to six weeks imprisonment. When <mask> was released from Pentonville prison he continued his campaign to improve the rights of working people and to curb their economic exploitation. He was suspended from the House of Commons in December 1888 for protesting about the working conditions of chain makers.His response to the Speaker of the House, "I never withdraw", was later used by George Bernard Shaw in Arms and the Man. Scottish independence and the Scottish Labour Party
<mask> was a strong supporter of Scottish independence. In 1886, he helped establish the Scottish Home Rule Association (SHRA), and while in the House of Commons, he made several attempts to persuade fellow MPs of the desirability of a Scottish parliament. On one occasion, <mask> joked that he wanted a "national parliament with the pleasure of knowing that the taxes were wasted in Edinburgh instead of London." In 1888, <mask> attended the SHRA Conference at the Anderton's Hotel in Fleet Street and passed a motion "That in the opinion of this Conference the interests of Scotland demand the establishment of a Scotch national Parliament and an Executive Government having control over exclusively Scotch affairs, with a due regard to the integrity of the Empire". The motion was supported by Mr Cuninghame <mask> (as name spelt in article), who said he "wanted a Scotch Parliament to do justice to their crofters and keep them at home, to pass an Eight Hours' Bill for their miners, to settle the liquor laws, and to nationalise the land." Peter Esslemont MP attended.Dr G.B Clark Chaired conference MP for Caithness-shire. While in the House of Commons, <mask> became increasingly more radical and went on to found the Scottish Labour Party with Keir Hardie. <mask> left the Liberal Party in 1892 to contest the general election in a new constituency as a Labour candidate. He supported workers in their industrial disputes and was involved with Annie Besant and the Matchgirls Strike and the 1889 Dockers' Strike. In July 1889, he attended the Marxist Congress of the Second International in Paris with James Keir Hardie, William Morris, Eleanor Marx and Edward Aveling. The following year he made a speech in Calais that was considered by the authorities to be so revolutionary that he was arrested and expelled from France. <mask> was a supporter of the eight-hour day and made several attempts to introduce a Bill on the subject.He made some progress with this in the summer of 1892, but he was unable to persuade the Conservative government, headed by Lord Salisbury, to allocate time for the Bill to be fully debated. At the 1892 general election <mask> stood as the Independent Labour Party candidate for Glasgow Camlachie. He was defeated, bringing his parliamentary career to an end. He remained active in political circles, though, helping his colleague Keir Hardie establish the Independent Labour Party and enter parliament as the MP for West Ham. However, he became disillusioned by the pettiness and dissent of those he called "piss-pot socialists" and increasingly turned to a nascent Scottish nationalism as a means of achieving social justice and cultural revival. <mask> retained a strong belief in Scottish home rule. He played an active part in the establishment of the National Party of Scotland (NPS) in 1928 and was elected the Honorary President of the new Scottish National Party in 1934.He was several times the Glasgow University Scottish Nationalist Association candidate for the Lord Rectorship of the University of Glasgow, which he lost by only sixty-six votes in 1928 to Stanley Baldwin, the Conservative Prime Minister at the time. This event was pivotal in the founding of the National Party, and the eventual creation of the Scottish National Party in the 1930s. Because of his Scottish nationalism, and criticism of what he saw as the Labour Party's timidity and lack of socialist zeal, <mask> has been effectively written out of Labour Party history, and the belief has been circulated that after his electoral defeat in 1892, he retired from politics until the late 1920s. This is entirely incorrect; in fact, between 1905 and 1914, <mask>, while retaining the position of elder statesman, social commentator, and renowned world-traveller, became more militant, involving himself in many left-wing causes and protests. There is evidence to suggest that he joined the hard-left British Socialist Party, and he was an associate of anarchists and a political assassin. <mask> was also a vociferous anti-imperialist at the height of British jingoism as well as a high-profile supporter of the women's suffrage movement and Home Rule for Ireland and India. Author
Between 1888 and 1892, <mask> was a prolific contributor to small-circulation socialist journals, but his literary career took off when he was recruited by Frank Harris to write for the Saturday Review in 1895, and he continued writing for the Saturday until 1926, as well as other journals.His main form was the 'sketch', or sketch-tale', mostly descriptive, atmospheric works on South America and Scotland, which gave his work a unique aesthetic, which carried a subtext of anti-colonialism, nostalgia, and loss. T. E. Lawrence (of Arabia) described his Scottish sketches as "the

masks:
Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham
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 rain-in-the-air-and-on-the-roof mournfulness of Scotch music in his time-past style [. . .] snap-shots - the best verbal snapshots ever taken I believe." His many works were collected into anthologies. Subject matter included history, biography, poetry, essays, politics, travel and seventeen collections of short stories or literary sketches. Titles include Father Archangel of Scotland (1896 in conjunction with his wife Gabriella), Thirteen Stories (1900), Success (1902), Scottish Stories (1914) Brought Forward (1916), Hope (1910) and Mirages (1936). Biographies included: Hernando de Soto (1903), Doughty Deeds (1925), a biography of his great-great-grandfather, <mask> of Gartmore and Portrait of a Dictator (1933).His great-niece and biographer, Jean, Lady Polwarth, published a collection of his short stories (or sketches) entitled Beattock for Moffatt and the Best of Cunninghame <mask> (1979) and Alexander Maitland added his selection under the title Tales of Horsemen (1981). Professor John Walker published collections of <mask> <mask>'s South American Sketches (1978), Scottish Sketches (1982) and North American Sketches (1986) and Kennedy & Boyd are republishing the stories and sketches in five volumes. In 1988 The Century Travellers reprinted his Mogreb-el-Acksa (1898) and A Vanished Arcadia (1901). The former was the inspiration for George Bernard Shaw's play Captain Brassbound's Conversion. The latter helped inspire the award-winning film The Mission. More recently The Long Riders Guild Press have reprinted his equestrian travel works in their Cunninghame Graham Collection. He helped his close friend Joseph Conrad, whom he had introduced to his publisher Edward Garnett at Duckworth, with research for Nostromo.Other literary friends included Ford Madox Ford, John Galsworthy, W. H. Hudson, George Bernard Shaw (who openly admits his debt to <mask> for "Captain Brassbound's Conversion" as well as a key line in Arms and the Man) and G. K. Chesterton, who proclaimed him "The Prince of Preface Writers" and famously declared in his autobiography that while <mask> <mask> would never be allowed to be Prime Minister, he instead "achieved the adventure of being Cunninghame <mask>", which Shaw described as "an achievement so fantastic that it would never be believed in a romance." There is a seat dedicated to <mask> <mask> in the Scottish Storytelling Centre in Edinburgh with the inscription:
"R B 'Don Roberto' <mask> <mask> of Gartmore and Ardoch, 1852–1936, A great storyteller". <mask> <mask> in art
<mask> <mask> was a staunch supporter of the artists of his day and a popular subject. He sat for artists such as Sir William Rothenstein, who painted Don Roberto as The Fencer; Sir John Lavery, whose famous Don Roberto: Commander for the King of Aragon in the Two Sicilies was on the cover of the Penguin Books edition of Conrad's Nostromo for many years and who painted the equestrian portrait of Don Roberto on his favourite horse, Pampa; and G. P. Jacomb-Hood, who painted his official portrait on entering parliament, with whom, along with Whistler, he was personal friends. George Washington Lambert painted him in oil with his horse Pinto and James McBey portrayed him in old age. There are also busts by Weiss and Jacob Epstein. The Dumbarton born artist, William Strang, used Cunninghame <mask> as the model for his series of etchings of Don Quixote.It is unsurprising that he was at the mercy of cartoonists such as Tom Merry, who portrayed him in prison garb, and caricaturists such as Max and Spy. Final years

<mask> <mask> remained sprightly and rode daily even in his eighties. He continued to write, and held the office of President of the Scottish Branch of the P.E.N. Club, and involve himself in politics. He died from pneumonia on 20 March 1936 at the Plaza Hotel in Buenos Aires, Argentina, following a visit to the birthplace of his friend William Hudson. He lay in state in the Casa del Teatro and received a countrywide tribute led by the President of the Republic before his body was shipped home to be buried beside his wife on 18 April 1936, in the ruined Augustinian Priory on the island of Inchmahome, Lake of Menteith, Stirling. The following year, June 1937, a monument, the <mask> <mask> Memorial, was unveiled at Castlehill, Dumbarton, near the family home at Ardoch.Despite the monument being removed to Gartmore in 1981, closer to the principal <mask> estate, which he had been forced to sell in 1901 to the shipping magnate and founder of the Clan Line, Sir Charles Cayzer, Bt, the Cunninghame Graham Memorial Park (which is managed by the National Trust for Scotland) is still affectionately locally known as "the Mony". His estates at Ardoch and feudal barony of Gartmore passed to his nephew, Captain (later Admiral Sir) <mask> <mask>, the only son of his brother Cdr. Charles Elphinstone-Fleeming <mask> <mask>, MVO. The People's Laird: A Life of Robert Bontine <mask> <mask> by Anne Taylor, The Tobias Press, 2005
Gaucho Laird: The Life of R.B. Don Roberto <mask> <mask>, by <mask> <mask>, Long Riders' Guild, 2004
R.B. <mask> <mask>: Fighter for Justice, by Ian M. Fraser (privately published 2002)
Revaluation: R.B. <mask> <mask>, by Tom Hubbard, in Cencrastus No.8, Spring 1982, pp. 27 – 30,
R.B<mask> <mask>, by Cedric Watts, Boston, Mass. : G. K. Hall, Twayne, 1983. <mask> <mask>: A Centenary Study, Hugh MacDiarmid, with a foreword by R.E. Muirhead, Glasgow: Caledonian Press, 1952
<mask> <mask>: A Critical Biography, Cedric Watts and Laurence Davies, Cambridge [Eng. ], New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979
Don Roberto: being the account of the life and works of R. B<mask> <mask>, 1852–1936, A. F. Tschiffely, London, Toronto: William Heinemann, 1937
A Modern Conquistador: Cunninghame <mask> His Life and Works, by Herbert Faulkner West, Cranley Day, 1932
Don Roberto: vida y obra de R. B<mask> <mask>, 1852–1936, A. F. Tschiffely; versión castellana de Julio E. Payró, Buenos Aires: Guillermo Kraft, 1946
El Escocés Errante: R. B<mask> <mask>, Alicia Jurado, Buenos Aires: Emecé Editores, c1978
Robert and Gabriela <mask> <mask>, Alexander Maitland, Edinburgh: William Blackwood and Sons Ltd, 1983
The Friendship between W.H.Hudson and Cunninghame <mask>; translation of an article ... in the Buenos Aires illustrated weekly Acquí Está, José Luis Lanuza, Argentina: Florencio Varela, n.d.
Lecture on R.B<mask> <mask> for the Anglo-Argentine Society, 24 January 1979, Jean Polwarth, London: n.p., 1979
Jorge Luis Borges Lecture on R. B<mask> <mask> for the Anglo Argentinian Society, 30 September 1986, Alicia Jurado, Royal Society of Arts, London: n.p., 1986
Personalidad de Robert Bontine <mask> <mask>: extracto de la tesis doctoral ... en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Madrid sobre: Robert Bontine <mask> <mask> : personalidad del autor y estudio crítico de sus ensayos, Julio Llorens Ebrat., Madrid: Florencio Varela, 1963
Testimonio a Roberto B. <mask> <mask>, Buenos Aires: P.E.N. Club Argentino, 1941
The North American Sketches of R. B<mask> <mask>, John Walker (ed. ), Tuscaloosa, University of Alabama Press, 1987
The Scottish Sketches of R.B<mask> <mask>, John Walker (ed. ), Edinburgh, Scottish Academic Press, 1982
The South American Sketches of R. B<mask> <mask>, John Walker (ed. ), Norman, University of Oklahoma Press, 1985
An Eagle In a Hen-House: Selected Political Speeches and Writings of R. B<mask> <mask>, Lachlan Munro, The Deveron Press, 2017.Joseph Conrad's Letters to R. B<mask> <mask>, Cedric Watts (ed. ), London, Cambridge University Press, 1969
South London Chronicle, 9 June 1888, page 7, SHRA Conference (Tuesday).Empires & Revolutions: Cunninghame <mask> & His Contemporaries.' Carla Sassi and Silke Stroh (Eds.) 2017, ASLS. External links

Archival collections
 Guide to the Anne Elizabeth Bontine Diaries and Other Materials. Special Collections and Archives, The UC Irvine Libraries, Irvine, California. Other
Biographical Profile at ElectricScotland.com
The Cunninghame Graham Collection Series
Rare Reprints – Cunninghame <mask>

R. B. <mask> <mask>, Rauner Special Collection, Dartmouth College Library, N.H.
Canning House Special Collection – R. B. Cunninghame Graham
Slainte: Information & Libraries Scotland – Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham
The Cunninghame Graham Collection

First Foot – Cunninghame-Graham
Los Caballos de la Conquista – Robert Cunninghame Graham
Robert Cunninghame-<mask> by Raymond Vettese
Robert_Bontine_Cunninghame_<mask>_1852-1936
National Portrait Gallery
Gartmore House – history
Finlaystone House – history
Cross party support to honour Scottish Hero <mask> <mask>

1852 births
1936 deaths
Anglo-Scots
Writers from London
People educated at Harrow School
Presidents of the Scottish National Party
Scottish journalists
Scottish explorers
Scottish nationalists
Scottish travel writers
Scottish historians
Scottish biographers
Scottish essayists
Scottish socialists
Scottish Liberal Party MPs
Scottish translators
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1886–1892
Deaths from pneumonia in Argentina
Scottish Labour Party (1888) politicians
British

masks:
Robert Graham
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Cunninghame
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Cunninghame
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Cunninghame
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Jean Cunninghame
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texts:
<mask> (born May 3, 1984) is a former American football offensive tackle. After playing college football for Northwestern State, he was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL Draft. He played for the Bills for four seasons and one season in Philadelphia. Impressively, <mask> made the NFL and played for half a decade without ever having played a down of high school football, or having gone to college with the intent of playing football. He is the son of former basketball star Karl Malone. Early life
<mask>, who spelled his first name "Demetrius" until 2012, when he learned his name was actually spelled "<mask>", was born in 1984 to <mask>, then aged 13, of Summerfield, Louisiana, and Karl Malone, a former star player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and a fellow native of Summerfield, then aged 20. Malone and <mask> had previously spoken on only one occasion prior to repairing their relationship in 2014.As a young teenager, <mask> played more softball than he did Malone's sport of basketball. He did not play organized football at all during that time. Eventually, during high school, he took up basketball and played well enough to receive a scholarship to Northwestern State University, where he played in 88 games over the course of the 2003–04, 2004–05, and 2006–07 seasons. <mask> was one of only four NCAA athletes to play both basketball and football in Division I in 2007. After the 2006–07 season, he decided to give up basketball to concentrate on his development in football. College career
<mask>'s high school had not fielded a football team, so prior to his attending Northwestern State, he had never played organized football. In the fall of 2005, he red-shirted the basketball season and began playing for the school's football team.He was initially placed in the position of defensive end. The following year, injuries struck the team's offensive line, and he was moved to the left tackle position. He earned second-team All-Louisiana honors that season. <mask> made a bigger name for himself in his senior season of 2007, having focused solely on football. Remaining on the offensive line, he was named an All-Louisiana and an All-Southland Conference first-teamer. He also became an Associated Press All-American. <mask> graduated from Northwestern State in 2008.Professional career

Buffalo Bills (2008–2011)
<mask> was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the seventh round of the 2008 NFL Draft. The Bills were encouraged by his raw skills, but saw him as a longer-term project, given his inexperience in having played organized football for only three seasons at that point. However, the team chose to place him on their active roster, rather than assigning him to their practice squad, where he could potentially have been signed away by another team. Consistent with their view of him as a work in progress, <mask> was not activated for play in any of the Bills' regular season games in 2008. In 2009, citing the quality of <mask>'s performance in the Bills' off-season and pre-season training camps that year, then-Bills head coach Dick Jauron installed <mask> as the team's starting left tackle for the 2009 regular season. After earning mixed reviews over the first half of the campaign, including an extremely high number of penalties against him, <mask>'s year came to a disappointing conclusion when he suffered what would prove to be a season-ending knee injury in a Week 10 game against the Tennessee Titans. Philadelphia Eagles (2012)
On April 4, 2012, the Philadelphia Eagles signed <mask> to a contract that could be worth up to $34.5 million over five years.The first year of this contract was worth $3.25 million and while he played in nine games including five starts, he suffered a few injuries and the Eagles would have been obligated to pay him more than eight million dollars if he was included on the roster in 2013. As such on February 6, 2013, <mask> was released from his contract. Dallas Cowboys (2013)
On July 21, 2013, <mask> was signed by the Dallas Cowboys. He was released by the Cowboys on August 31, 2013. Relationship with Karl Malone
Laboratory blood tests prepared for the <mask> family's 1996 paternity lawsuit against Karl Malone reportedly pointed to an over 99 percent probability that <mask>'s father was either Malone or a brother of Malone. Malone initially refused to respond to the lawsuit, but eventually reached an out-of-court settlement with the <mask> family over the issue. The Bells received a single lump sum payment of a confidential amount, with no on-going child support for Demetress.In speaking later about the settlement, Malone's attorney asserted that it had not included an official court determination of paternity, and noted that Malone "had a lot of brothers". Although Malone was 20 years old at the time that the 13-year-old <mask> was impregnated, she said that her family chose not to pursue criminal charges against Malone over the relationship. According to <mask>, with Malone being a neighbor — Summerfield's population is only a few hundred — her family did not wish to see him jailed, especially since he would then be unable to provide any support for Demetress at all. In 2008, The Buffalo News published a story about <mask> that included the claim that he did not know who his father was until after he graduated from high school. However, in a 1998 article in The Salt Lake Tribune, when <mask> was 14 years old, his mother spoke of his shying away from anything to do with Malone because his feelings were hurt by Malone's refusal to acknowledge him. According to <mask>, he has spoken to Malone on one occasion, when <mask> was 18 years old. <mask> reported that Malone told him that he would have to make his way on his own, as it was too late for the two men to have a father-son relationship.<mask> and Malone began to mend their relationship around 2014, and in 2018, <mask> said that he and Malone talk and text "nearly every day" after going on a hunting trip together and had a close relationship. Malone said about his relationship with his older children, "I didn't handle it right; I was wrong ... Father Time is the biggest thief that's out there, and you can't get that back." <mask> has reported that he is very close to Daryl and Cheryl Ford, older twins of Malone that were also the subjects of a paternity suit. References

External links
 Buffalo Bills bio
 Philadelphia Eagles bio

1984 births
Teenage pregnancy
Living people
People from Summerfield, Louisiana
Players of American football from Louisiana
African-American players of American football
American football offensive tackles
Northwestern State Demons football players
Buffalo Bills players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Dallas Cowboys players
African-American basketball players
Basketball players from Louisiana
American men's basketball players
Northwestern State Demons basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Demetress Carte Bell
Bell
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Demetress
Gloria Bell
Demetress Bell
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texts:
<mask> (; born 16 September 1939) is a South African writer, poet and painter known for his opposition to apartheid, and consequent imprisonment by the South African government. He is informally considered as the national poet laureate by Afrikaans-speaking South Africans. He also holds French citizenship. Biography
<mask> was born in Bonnievale, approximately 180 km from Cape Town and 100 km from the southernmost tip of Africa at Cape Agulhas. His early education was at Hoërskool Hugenote and he later studied fine arts at the Michaelis School of Fine Art at the University of Cape Town. He is the brother of <mask>, co-founder of the 1st Reconnaissance Commando of the South African Special Forces against whom he holds strongly opposing political views, and the late <mask>, a widely published war correspondent. His committed political dissent against the ruling National Party and its White Supremacist policy of apartheid compelled him to leave South Africa for Paris, France, in the early 1960s, where he married a French woman of Vietnamese ancestry, Yolande, due to which he was not allowed to return.The then applicable Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949 and Immorality Act (1950) made it a criminal offence for a person to have any sexual relations with a person of a different race. He is the father of the French journalist Daphnee <mask>. Imprisonment
On an illegal trip to South Africa in 1975, he was arrested and sentenced to nine years' imprisonment for high treason. His work The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist describes aspects of his imprisonment. According to André Brink, <mask> was retried in June 1977 on new and fanciful charges that, among other things, he had planned a submarine attack by the Soviet Navy on the prison at Robben Island through the conspiratorial "Okhela Organisation." In the end, the judge found him guilty only of having smuggled letters and poems out of jail for which he was fined $50. During his imprisonment, <mask> wrote the poem, Ballade van ontroue bemindes ("Ballade of Unfaithful Lovers").Inspired by François Villon's Ballade des Dames du Temps Jadis, <mask> compared Afrikaner dissidents Peter Blum, Ingrid Jonker, and himself to unfaithful lovers, who had betrayed Afrikaans poetry by taking leave of it. Released in 1982 as a result of international protests, he returned to Paris and obtained French citizenship. After free elections toppled the ruling National Party and ended apartheid in 1994, <mask> became a visiting professor at the University of Cape Town in the Graduate School of Humanities in January 2000 and is also involved with the Gorée Institute in Dakar (Senegal) and with New York University, where he teaches in the Graduate Creative Writing Program. Works
<mask>'s work includes numerous volumes of novels, poetry and essays, many of which are in Afrikaans. Many have been translated from Afrikaans to English, and many were originally published in English. He is also known for his works of pictorial arts. Exhibitions of his paintings and prints have been shown in cities around the world, including Johannesburg, Cape Town, Hong Kong, Amsterdam, Stockholm, Paris, Brussels, Edinburgh and New York City.Awards
 Laureate of the Zbigniew Herbert International Literary Award 2017
 Ansfield-Wolf Book Award
 Allen Paton Award for Literature
 Mahmoud Darwish Award for Creativity

Bibliography

Poetry in Afrikaans
 The Iron Cow Must Sweat (Die ysterkoei moet sweet), Johannesburg, 1964
 The House of the Deaf (Die huis van die dowe), Cape Town, 1967
 Gangrene (Kouevuur), Cape Town, 1969
 Lotus, Cape Town, 1970
 The Remains (Oorblyfsels), Cape Town, 1970
 Scrit. Painting Blue a sinking Ship. (Skryt. Om 'n sinkende skip blou te verf), Amsterdam, 1972
 In Other Words (Met ander woorde), Cape Town, 1973
 Footnote (Voetskrif), Johannesburg, 1976
 Sinking Ship Blues, Oasis Editions, Toronto 1977
 And Death White as Words. An Anthology, London, 1978
 In Africa even the flies are happy, London, 1978
 Flower Writing (Blomskryf), Emmarentia, 1979 (Selected poems)
 Eclipse (Eklips), Emmarentia, 1983
 YK, Emmarentia, 1983
 Buffalo Bill, Emmarentia, 1984
 Living Death (Lewendood), Emmarentia, 1985
 Judas Eye, London – New York, 1988
 As Like (Soos die so), Emmarentia, 1990
 Nine Landscapes of our Times Bequeathed to a Beloved (Nege landskappe van ons tye bemaak aan 'n beminde), Groenkloof, 1993
 The Handful of Feathers (Die hand vol vere), Cape Town, 1995 (Selected poems)
 The Remains. An Elegy (Oorblyfsels. 'n Roudig), Cape Town, 1997
 Paper Flower (Papierblom), Cape Town, 1998
 Lady One, Cape Town, 2000 (Selected love poems)
 Iron Cow Blues (Ysterkoei-blues), Cape Town, 2001 (Collected poems 1964–1975)
 Lady One: Of Love and other Poems, New York, 2002
 The undanced dance.Prison poetry 1975 – 1983 (Die ongedanste dans. Part One (Boek. Deel een), Emmarentia, 1987 (essays)
 All One Horse. Fiction and Images, London, 1989
 Sweet Heart (Hart-Lam), Emmarentia, 1991 (essays)
 Return to Paradise. An African journal, London – New York, 1992 (which won the Alan Paton Award)
 The Memory of Birds in Times of Revolution, London – New York, 1996 (essays)
 Dog Heart. A travel memoir, Cape Town, 1998
 Word Work (Woordwerk), Cape Town, 1999
 A veil of footsteps, Cape Town, 2008
 All One Horse, Archipelago Books, 2008
 Mouroir: Mirror Notes of a Novel, Archiepalago Books, 2008
 Intimate Stranger, Archipelago Books, 2009
 Notes From The Middle World: Essays, Haymarket Books, 2009

Articles

In popular culture
Breytenbach is the only exception mentioned by name in the satirical Apartheid-era Spitting Image song "I've Never Met a Nice South African".

masks:
Breyten Breytenbach
Breyten Breytenbach
Jan Breytenbach
Cloete Breytenbach
Breytenbach
Breytenbach
Breytenbach
Breytenbach
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texts:
<mask>, LL. D., Litt. D. (May 5, 1864 – July 28, 1949) was an American linguist, classics scholar and archaeologist responsible for the first American excavation in Greece and a founder of the Stanford University Classics department. Early life
He was born in Ashland County, Ohio to agrarian parents. After receiving an M.A. from the University of Michigan in 1884, he requested further funding from his father to pursue studies in Germany. His father noted that he couldn't possibly see how anyone could ever need any more education but <mask> moved to the University of Leipzig for doctoral studies from 1884-5.The next year he joined the American School of Classical Studies in Athens, Greece, where Professor Frederic de Forest Allen charged <mask> with the first American excavation in Greece, seeking the stage of the Theater of Thorikos. 25-30 workmen were paid 1 drachma per day and total project budget was $300. While <mask> did not consider it a success, later scholars found it significant in solving problems connected to the Greek stage. At the conclusion of the academic year, <mask> set off on a walking tour he hoped would take him all the way to Istanbul, visiting archaeological sites along the way. He did not get beyond the further slope of one of the mountain ranges which encircle Athens. On only his second day out, he was robbed, beaten unconscious, and left for dead by two local villagers. The bloodied <mask> managed to return to Athens to lodge a complaint with the local authorities.The authorities thereupon commissioned <mask> as a captain in the Greek army, and sent him out with a posse to apprehend the criminals. A few days later the brigands were in jail. To his credit, <mask> altered his testimony at their trial so the two would not be sentenced to death. They were, however, sentenced to ten years in a prison on the island of Aegina. Start of career
<mask> returned to the United States as an instructor of Greek at the University of Michigan during the 1886–87 school year and of Latin and Sanskrit in the 1887–88 year, beginning a fifty-year career as a college professor – without ever returning to finish his doctoral degree. <mask> married Jennie Emerson, niece of Ralph Waldo Emerson, on September 13, 1888, in Racine, Wisconsin. Jennie <mask> (August 7, 1860 – March 1, 1946) had studied Latin, Greek, Sanskrit, French, German and science and was an invaluable assistant to her husband.By 1889 <mask> was an acting assistant professor at Michigan, but the family returned to Leipzig for the next two years and daughters Edith and Marjorie were born in Germany. He worked as the senior at the Royal Archaeological Seminary at the University of Leipzig from 1890 to 1891. The family returned to Columbia, Missouri, when he accepted a position as an associate professor of Greek at the University of Missouri for the 1891–92 school year. In the fall of 1891, <mask> received both a letter and a telegram from Stanford University President David Starr Jordan offering him a position with the newly formed Classics Department. A quick discussion with the executive committee of the Missouri Board of Curators resulted in a promotion in both rank and salary, with the promise of a full professorship of archaeology the next academic year. Nonetheless, in 1892 he was appointed professor of Latin and archaeology at Stanford University. <mask>, his wife Jennie and his two daughters Edith and Marjorie built a house at 2275 Amherst Street
in the College Terrace neighborhood of Palo Alto, California.For the next ten years he served Stanford, as professor of archaeology (1894–96), professor of classical philology (1896–1902) and also as secretary of the faculty from 1897 to 1901. With differing views from the departmental administration on the future of the classics department, and determined to continue publishing, he voluntarily resigned in 1902. Correspondence with President Jordan indicates an amicable departure. As professor of Greek, and later philology at the Tulane University, he began his administrative experience, becoming dean of the graduate school and later dean of the College of Arts and Sciences. At the same time his editorial endeavors began, with the Southern Educational Review and later the Classical Journal. <mask> typically traveled alone over summer term vacations while Jennie stayed at home and with the two daughters. In the summer of 1910 he was in the Grecian Isles aboard the yacht Athena, lecturing for the Society of University Travel.Jennie, elder daughter Edith and younger daughter Marjorie were visiting the Tallulah River in North Georgia as they did each summer to escape the New Orleans heat. On the evening of May 29, near the town of Tallulah Falls, Marjorie (a strong swimmer) was swept away by the current and drowned. Her father had just set sail from Naples and was notified by a cablegram that said simply "COME HOME AT ONCE." The body was recovered days later and <mask> notified of the tragedy only upon his arrival in New York. Funeral services were held in Atlanta on September 3 and the burial was at sea (according to her wishes) on September 29. In 1911 he returned to the University of Missouri as professor of Latin and in 1929 became professor of classical languages and archaeology. From 1914 to 1930 he was the dean of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri and during World War I served in the YMCA in France and was a regional director of the YMCA in Italy.In his 1919 commencement address  he called for the creation of a Memorial Student Union building to honor the fallen of World War I. In September 1932, he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Letters by his alma mater the University of Michigan, and he retired to his home at 1516 Wilson Avenue in Columbia, Missouri, in 1936. After his retirement, he taught at Southwestern in Memphis and also Washington University in St. Louis. Later years
In 1944 in his capacity as a professor emeritus at Missouri and at age 80, he completed the translation of Homer's Iliad in the English equivalent of the Greek poet's original dactylic hexameter. It was the first such work ever published. Begun by Tulane colleague William Benjamin Smith this work was hailed as a "triumph of ingenuity." Five years later <mask> died in Columbia, Missouri, one of the last of his generation of U.S classicists.The Walter Miller Library  in the Department of Classical Studies and the <mask> Miller Fellowship endure to this day. Jennie was a charter member of the Beta chapter of the Gamma Phi Beta social sorority at the University of Michigan in 1882, and in 1921 a founder of the Alpha Delta chapter at the University of Missouri. Alpha Delta presents the Jennie <mask> award each year. Works
Books and Monographs
 The Theater of Thoricus (papers of the American School of Classical Studies, Athens, Vol. IV., 1888). Latin Prose Composition for College Use, Leach, Shewell and Sanborn, Boston and New York, Part I (1890),  Part II (1891). Key to Latin Prose Composition, 1894.Pausanias and His Guidebook, 1894. History of the Akropolis of Athens, 1894. "The Old and the New," Commencement address, Stanford University, 1898. Georg Wilhelm Steller, [http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libraryscience/17/ De Bestiis Marinis (The Beasts of the Sea)]. Translated with Jennie <mask>. In an appendix to The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, edited by David Starr Jordan, Part 3 (Washington, 1899), pp. 179–218.Marcus Tullius Cicero, De Officiis (On Duties), translated by <mask>. Harvard University Press, 1913, ,
 Xenophon, Cyropaedia, translated by <mask>. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1914, ,  (books 1-5) and ,  (books 5-8). "Dulce et Decorum est pro Patria Mori," Commencement address, University of Missouri, 1919. Daedalus and Thespis, The Contribution of the Ancient Dramatic Poets to our Knowledge of the Arts and Crafts of Greece, Volume I: Architecture and Topography: The Macmillan Co., New York, 1929. The Iliad of Homer: A Line for Line Translation in Dactylic Hexameters. With William Benjamin Smith.Macmillan, New York, 1944. Articles
 Excavations Upon the Akropolis at Athens. (American Journal of Archaeology), 1886
 Johannes Overbeck, Necrology. (American Journal of Archaeology), 1894
 Scientific Names of Latin and Greek Derivation, reprinted from the Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3rd ser., Zoology, vol. 1. San Francisco, 1897
 The Roman Religion. Progress (The University Association, Chicago), 1897
 The New Commissioner of Education (Elmer Ellsworth Brown).Southern Education Review, 1906. The Pronunciation of Greek and Latin Proper Names in English. Classical Journal, 1935

Journals
 Associate Editor of the Southern Educational Review, 1905-1912. Associate Editor of the Classical Journal, 1905-1933. Editor-in-Chief of the Classical Journal, 1933-1935. See also
 English translations of Homer: <mask>

References

External links

Walter Miller Library at the University of Missouri Libraries

1864 births
1949 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
University of Missouri faculty
American philologists
American archaeologists
American classical scholars
Stanford University Department of Classics faculty
Classical scholars of the University of Michigan
Classical archaeologists
People from Ashland County, Ohio
Translators of Homer

masks:
Samuel Walter Miller
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Miller
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Miller
Miller
Walter Miller
Emerson Miller
Walter Miller
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Walter
Emerson Miller
Emerson Miller
Walter Miller
Walter Miller
Walter Miller


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<mask> (born 1973) is a critically acclaimed American artist, musician, producer, multi-instrumentalist, and singer-songwriter who has released eight albums and five EPs. She has performed with artists such as Mark Knopfler, John Prine, Amos Lee, Justin Vernon and Calexico. Although she's considered a folk/indie singer-songwriter, <mask> also names country blues and jazz as strong influences on her musical style. Early life
<mask> was born in Iowa City, Iowa, United States. Her early "bohemian" upbringing was in rural Iowa in a house with no running water, heat, or indoor bathroom. There, <mask> was exposed to traditional and rural folk music through her father, singer-songwriter <mask>. <mask>'s parents separated when she was very young and at age 8 she moved to Birmingham, Alabama with her single working mother.Pieta spent her childhood living in 17 different residences between Iowa and Alabama with a short time in St. Paul, Minnesota. While living with her mother in Alabama, <mask> began writing poetry and composing instrumental songs on piano. Career
Pieta released her self-titled debut record in 2002, co-produced with Grammy Award-winning producer Bo Ramsey, which NPR Music heralded as "a ghostly collection of largely melancholy songs rooted in the blues." Her 2005 follow-up In The Cool was named one of the year's best by Amazon Music who called it "calming, hypnotic, and seductive." Her next album, Remember The Sun, was released in 2007 and was cited as one of the year's best by The Wall Street Journal. In 2009, <mask> released an EP called Shimmer, which was produced by Don Was after hearing her on his car radio in a live solo performance. In 2010, <mask> signed with Red House Records and released One and All.She joined Mark Knopfler’s North American tour later that year, had a string of performance dates with John Prine, participated in a full orchestral show with Brandi Carlile, and embarked on her own performance tour in Australia. It was followed by the 2011 release of Mercury which held the #1 position on the American Folk Radio Chart for 5 months, was included in iTunes''' Great Americana Albums of 2011, and landed at #26 in American Songwriter's Top 50 Albums of 2011. All Music Guide called it "terrific," while Exclaim! named it "not just a beautiful album, but an essential one." <mask> released her sixth studio album Paradise Outlaw in 2014. It was heralded by many as her most critically successful album to date, including praises from NPR's Weekend Edition, Bust Magazine, Folk Alley, and American Songwriter among others. It was recorded and mixed by renowned engineer BJ Burton at April Base Studio and features guests Amos Lee, Mark Knopfler, and studio owner Justin Vernon of Bon Iver.Vernon would later cite this as his "favorite album recorded at April Base." In 2017, <mask> struck out on her own for her first independent self-release Postcards. True to its name, the album explores the role of distance and isolation through collaboration as <mask> enlisted special guest artists for each track through the mail. She described the process as “musical postcards,” consisting of her original stripped-down, acoustic shells of the song that each artist would then add their parts to and mail back. The list of collaborators included Mark Knopfler, Calexico, Mason Jennings, Mike Lewis, David Lindley, and Carrie Rodriguez among many others. The unique nature of Postcards won over critics, including Billboard, Chicago Tribune, Guitar World, and American Songwriter who stated, “<mask> sounds committed and melancholy throughout, a natural extension of the solitary circumstances that created this moving, emotional music.”

<mask> DiFranco’s Righteous Babe Records. It was co-produced with S. Carey of Bon Iver and recorded at Justin Vernon’s April Base Studios.In addition to Carey, who also plays on the album, it features bassist Mike Lewis (Bon Iver, Andrew Bird) and guitarist Jeremy Ylvisaker (Andrew Bird, Alpha Consumer). Freeway was recorded mostly live over the course of just three days with Carey, Lewis, and Ylvisaker hearing the songs for the first time on the spot in the studio while recording. Of the experimental process, Pieta said “it allowed them to rely on their gut instincts and to react to the tunes (and each other) in real time.” Freeway was met with widespread critical acclaim from NPR Music, Stereogum, Paste, Billboard, Flood Magazine, and American Songwriter among many others. Don Was also participated by writing the liner notes for the album. In 2020, Pieta released the collaborative EP/digital triptych We Are Not Machines via the artist collective label 37d03d. The 3-track release centers around the single “We Are Not Machines” which features Ani DiFranco and S. Carey. It was originally recorded in November 2019 at Justin Vernon and Aaron Dessner’s annual HIVER Festival in Eaux Claires, WI.The other two tracks on the EP expand on the single’s original theme, featuring contributions from William Brittelle, Holland Andrews, Jenn Wasner, The Metropolis Ensemble, knotahaiku, Limit Infrared, and Grammy-nominated visual artist Eric Timothy Carlson. Throughout her career to date, <mask> has toured and shared stages with Mark Knopfler, John Prine, Brandi Carlile, JJ Cale, Emmylou Harris, Richard Thompson, Ani DiFranco, Calexico, Neko Case, Mason Jennings, Shawn Mullins, Carrie Rodriguez, Howe Gelb and Jim Lauderdale among many others. She has performed at festivals around the world, including Bonnaroo, Mountain Jam, Edmonton Folk Music Festival, Celtic Connections, and more. Pieta has also co-written songs with Amos Lee, Iris Dement, Calexico, Lucie Thorne, Bo Ramsey, and Bertrand Belin among others. Film career
In 2017, Pieta relocated to Europe for the better part of a year to star in the leading role of the feminist/indie Swiss foreign film (in French) Autour de Luisa ("Around Luisa"). <mask> also co-wrote several original songs that were featured in the film with French pop singer-songwriter Bertrand Belin, who also appeared in the film. This debut led to an invitation to appear in the underground experimental zombie short film The Bride, directed by Vincent Parronaud featuring the music of Thomas De Pourquery and Supersonic.

masks:
Pieta Brown
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Greg Brown
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Pieta
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Pietai
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<mask> (December 30, 1819February 8, 1873) was an American lawyer, politician, Freemason, and a Union general in the American Civil War. He was the final alcalde and first mayor of San Francisco, a governor of the Kansas Territory, and the 16th governor of Pennsylvania. Early years
Geary was born near Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, in Westmoreland County—in what is today the Pittsburgh metropolitan area. He was the son of <mask>, an ironmaster and schoolmaster of Scotch-Irish descent, and <mask>, a native of Maryland. Starting at the age of 14, he attended nearby Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, studying civil engineering and law, but was forced to leave before graduation due to the death of his father, whose debts he assumed. He worked at a variety of jobs, including as a surveyor and land speculator in Kentucky, earning enough to return to college and graduate in 1841. He worked as a construction engineer for the Allegheny Portage Railroad.In 1843, he married Margaret Ann Logan, with whom he had several sons, but she died in 1853. Geary then married the widowed Mary Church Henderson in 1858 in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Geary was active in the state militia as a teenager. In December 1846, during the Mexican–American War, he was commissioned in the 2nd Pennsylvania Infantry, serving as lieutenant colonel. He led the regiment heroically at Chapultepec, and was wounded five times in the process. Geary was an excellent target for enemy fire: a huge man for that era, he stood six feet six inches tall, 260 pounds (118 kg) and solidly built. Altogether, he was wounded at least ten times in his military career.Geary's exploits at Belén Gate earned him the rank of colonel and he returned home a war hero. California politics
Moving west, Geary was appointed postmaster of San Francisco by President James K. Polk on January 22, 1849, and on January 8 1850, he was elected the city's alcalde, before California became a state, and then the first mayor of the city. He holds the record as the youngest mayor in San Francisco history. As alcalde, he served as the city's judge in addition to the city's mayor. Geary returned to Pennsylvania in 1852 because of his wife's failing health. After her death, President Franklin Pierce wanted to appoint him governor of the Utah Territory, but Geary declined. Territorial Governor of Kansas
Geary accepted Pierce's appointment as governor of the Kansas Territory on July 31, 1856.Proslavery forces opposed Geary, favoring instead either acting governor <mask> or Surveyor General <mask> (an Illinois politician). Geary spent a month preparing for his new position and then left for the territory. While traveling up the Missouri River, his boat docked at Glasgow, Missouri, where he happened upon recently fired governor <mask>. They briefly discussed the "Bleeding Kansas" crisis and Geary had previously met with Missouri governor Sterling Price, who promised Geary that Free-staters would be allowed safe passage through Missouri. Geary arrived at Fort Leavenworth on September 9 and went to the territorial capital at Lecompton the following day, becoming the youngest territorial governor of Kansas. He believed that his previous administrative experience in government would help bring peace to the territory, but he was unable to stop the violence. He told his first audience, "I desire to know no party, no section, no North, no South, no East, no West; nothing but Kansas and my country."Geary disbanded the existing Kansas militia, organized a new state militia, and relied heavily on federal troops to help keep order. On October 17, he started a twenty-day tour of the territory and spoke to groups everywhere he stopped to gain their opinions. Despite his efforts to be a neutral peacemaker, Geary and the proslavery legislature clashed. Geary stopped a large force of Missouri border ruffians who were heading to Lawrence to once again burn the town. Additionally, he vetoed a bill which would provide for an election of delegates to the Lecompton constitutional convention. This bill would have bypassed any referendum on a constitution before being submitted to the U.S. Congress for ratification. The legislature, however, overrode the veto.Geary also angered Free-staters when he turned away $20,000 from the Vermont legislature that was intended to help the suffering from the harsh winter of 1856–57. Geary wrote in his response, "[there is] doubtless some suffering ... consequent upon the past disturbances and the present extremely cold weather; but probably no more than exists in other territories or in either of the states of the Union." Initially, Geary solidly abhorred the proposals he received from Kansas abolitionists. By the time of the 1856 presidential election, however, he had completely reversed his position and had become intimate friends with Charles Robinson and Samuel Pomeroy. Additionally, he totally distrusted the proslavery forces and in letters to President Pierce, he blamed them for the deprivations in the territory. Geary even went so far as to reject his candidacy from the Democratic party of Kansas for the U.S. Senate. Instead, he worked with the Free-staters to create a plan for Kansas to be admitted to the Union under the Topeka constitution as a free state, with himself as governor of a Democratic administration.Support for this plan in Congress was lacking. Geary soon began to fear for his personal safety after his private secretary, Dr. <mask>, was assaulted by proslavery ruffians. Geary submitted his resignation to incoming President James Buchanan, expecting that he would be reappointed. Instead, Buchanan fired Geary on March 12, 1857, with an effective date of March 20. In his farewell message to the territory, Geary stated that he had not sought the office and "[that it] was by no means desirable." He added, "most of the troubles which lately agitated the territory, were occasioned by men who had no especial interest in its welfare... The great body of the actual citizens are conservative, law-abiding and peace-loving men, disposed rather to make sacrifices for conciliation and consequent peace, than to insist for their entire rights should the general body thereby be caused to suffer."Armed with two guns, Geary left the territory during the night on March 21 and returned to Washington, D.C. Afterward, he spoke at many public meetings about the dangers in Kansas. Although he did not bring peace to the territory, Geary's administration did leave the territory more peaceful than it had been before his arrival. Geary returned to his Pennsylvania farm and remarried. Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, Geary raised the 147th and 28th Pennsylvania Infantry regiments and became colonel of the latter. Commanding the district of the upper Potomac River, he was wounded and captured near Leesburg, Virginia, on March 8, 1862, but was immediately exchanged and returned to duty. On April 25, 1862, he was promoted to Brigadier General, U.S.Volunteers and the command of a brigade in Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks's corps, which he led in the Shenandoah Valley against Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. His brigade joined Maj. Gen. <mask>'s Army of Virginia in late June. He led it at the Battle of Cedar Mountain on August 9, 1862, where he was seriously wounded in the arm and leg. He returned to duty on October 15 as the division commander; the corps was now part of the Army of the Potomac, designated the XII Corps, under the command of Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum. Geary's division was heavily engaged at Chancellorsville, where he was knocked unconscious as a cannonball shot past his head on May 3, 1863. (Some accounts state that he was hit in the chest with a cannonball.)At the Battle of Gettysburg, Slocum's corps arrived after the first day's (July 1, 1863) fighting subsided and took up a defensive position on Culp's Hill, the extreme right of the Union line. On the second day, heavy fighting on the Union left demanded reinforcements and Geary was ordered to leave a single brigade, under Brig. Gen. George S. Greene, on Culp's Hill and follow another division, which was just departing. Geary lost track of the division he was supposed to follow south on the Baltimore Pike and inexplicably marched completely off the battlefield, eventually reaching Rock Creek. His two brigades finally returned to Culp's Hill by 9:00 pm that night, arriving in the midst of a fierce fire fight between a Confederate division and Greene's lone brigade. This embarrassing incident might have damaged his reputation except for two factors: the part of the battle he was supposed to march to join had ended, so he wasn't really needed; and, because of a dispute between army commander Maj. Gen. George G. Meade and Slocum over the filing of their official reports, little public notice ensued. The XII Corps was transferred west to join the besieged Union army at Chattanooga.<mask>'s son Edward died in his arms at the Battle of Wauhatchie, enraging him sufficiently to prevail in a battle in which his division was greatly outnumbered. He distinguished himself in command during the Battle of Lookout Mountain, the entire Atlanta Campaign, Sherman's March to the Sea, and the Carolinas Campaign. He oversaw the surrender of Savannah, Georgia, and briefly served as the city's military governor, where he was breveted to major general. Governor of Pennsylvania and death

After the war, Geary served two terms as the Republican governor of Pennsylvania, from 1867 to 1873. He established a reputation as a political independent, attacking the political influence of the railroads and vetoing many special interest bills. On February 8, 1873, less than three weeks after leaving the governor's post, Geary was fatally stricken with a heart attack while preparing breakfast for his infant son in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. He was 53 years old.He was buried in Harrisburg with state honors in Mount Kalmia Cemetery, now, the Harrisburg Cemetery. Freemasonry
Geary was made a Mason at Sight on January 4, 1847, in Pennsylvania (Philanthropy Lodge #255), just before he left with his troops to fight in the Mexican War. During the Civil War, he was the commanding Union general at the fall of Savannah, Georgia. He placed Federal troops about the quarters of Solomon's Lodge No. 1 to save it from looting and damage. Later, while Geary was governor of Pennsylvania, the Lodge sent him a resolution of thanks. He answered by claiming it was the principles and tenets of Freemasonry that helped Reconstruction to be as successful as it finally turned out to be.In this reply, he said: "... I feel again justified in referring to our beloved institution, by saying that to Freemasonry the people of the country are indebted for many mitigations of the suffering caused by the direful passions of war." In memoriam
Geary County, Kansas, was renamed in honor of <mask><mask> in 1889 (previously named Davis County for Jefferson Davis, it was renamed at the insistence of its citizens; in 1893, the county electorate rejected an attempt to restore the Davis County name), as is Geary Boulevard in San Francisco, a major artery in that city, Geary Avenue on the field at Gettysburg, Geary Street in New Cumberland, Pennsylvania (where Geary owned a home), Geary Street in Harrisburg, the capital of Pennsylvania, and Geary Hall, an undergraduate dorm building in East Halls at Pennsylvania State University. There is a monument to Geary in the town center of Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania. Geary, Kansas (in Doniphan County) was also named in his honor, but the town ceased to exist in 1905. In 1914, a monument to Geary was erected on Culp's Hill at Gettysburg, but it was not formally dedicated until August 11, 2007. See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Blackmar, Frank W. Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History.2 vols. Chicago: Standard Publishing, 1912. .
 Eicher, <mask>., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 <mask>, <mask>. A Politician Goes to War: The Civil War Letters of <mask> <mask>. Edited by <mask> Blair. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995. .
 Gihon, <mask><mask> and Kansas: Governor <mask>'s Administration in Kansas with a Complete History of the Territory until July 1857. Philadelphia: Charles C. Rhodes, 1857. .
 <mask>, Samuel A.The Battle Cry of Freedom: The New England Emigrant Aid Company in the Kansas Crusade. Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1954. .
 Socolofsky, Homer E. Kansas Governors. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1990. .
 Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. .
 <mask>, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. .External links

 Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission description of <mask>'s governorship
 The <mask><mask> Letters at the Georgia Historical Society. The Geary Family Papers, including correspondence and <mask><mask>'s diary, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. <mask>. Cutler's History of the State of Kansas

 "<mask> Geary" Monument at the Historical Marker Database
John <mask>y Papers. Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1819 births
1873 deaths
People from Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
Burials at Harrisburg Cemetery
American Methodists
California postmasters
Kansas Democrats
Pennsylvania Republicans
Governors of Kansas Territory
Governors of Pennsylvania
Republican Party state governors of the United States
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Union Army generals
Mayors of San Francisco
Namesakes of San Francisco streets
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Politicians from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Washington & Jefferson College alumni
19th-century American politicians
19th-century Methodists

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John White Geary
Richard Geary
Margaret White
Daniel Woodson
John Calhoun
Wilson Shannon
John Gihon
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. Geary
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. Geary
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<mask> (September 4, 1926 – November 16, 2015) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played for the Montreal Canadiens, Chicago Black Hawks and Toronto Maple Leafs in the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> began his career with the Black Hawks in 1949. In December 1950, he was traded to the Montreal Canadiens via Detroit. <mask> had his best statistical years playing for Montreal, leading the league in assists in 1954–55 with 48, and setting a league record for assists with 56 the following season. During this time he frequently played on Montreal's top line with Jean Beliveau and Bernie Geoffrion. <mask> was claimed in an Intra-League Draft by Toronto Maple Leafs in 1958, and played there until his retirement in 1962. In the 1967–68 season, <mask> served as coach of the expansion Oakland Seals.<mask> played in the Stanley Cup final in 11 of his 14 seasons in the NHL, winning it five times. He won it four times with Montreal, in 1953, 1956, 1957, 1958, and once with Toronto, in 1962, which was his last season. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985. Early life
<mask> was born in Sceptre, Saskatchewan, a small village with a population of less than 200, in southwestern Saskatchewan. In 1944, at the age of 18, he moved to Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, to play junior hockey. In his first year, <mask> and the Moose Jaw Canucks challenged for the Memorial Cup, after finishing the playoffs with a 15–1 record. They were unsuccessful in the series against the St. Michael's Majors.<mask> had 10 goals and eight assists in the 17 playoff games he played. He played another season in Moose Jaw, before being assigned to the Kansas City Pla-Mors of the United States Hockey League (USHL) by the Chicago Black Hawks. Playing career

Chicago Black Hawks
Olmstead played three full seasons for Kansas City, and part of another, later in 1950, for the Milwaukee Sea Gulls. In the 1946–47 season, <mask> joined the Pla-Mors, finishing the season with 42 points in 60 games. In 1948–49, the Canadiens, who had originally sponsored him and owned his rights, traded him to the Chicago Black Hawks. The same season, <mask> made his NHL debut, called up after scoring 33 goals and 44 assists, for 77 points, in 52 games with the Pla-Mors. He played nine games for the Black Hawks and collected two assists.<mask> played the entire following season for the Black Hawks, appearing in 70 games and scoring 20 goals. <mask> split the 1950–51 season between four teams, playing for all but one of them. He began the season playing for the Black Hawks franchise, playing 15 games in the NHL and 12 in the USHL, for the Milwaukee Sea Gulls. On December 2, 1950, <mask>, with Vic Stasiuk, was traded to the Detroit Red Wings, in exchange for Lee Fogolin and Steve Black. On December 19, 1950, 17 days after the trade to Detroit, he was traded again, without ever suiting up for the Red Wings, to Montreal, for Leo Gravelle. <mask> would never leave the NHL until his retirement in 1962, playing 39 games that season on a line with Maurice Richard and Elmer Lach, scoring 38 points. <mask> also appeared in 11 playoff games, collecting six points, as the Canadiens lost the best-of-seven Stanley Cup finals to the Toronto Maple Leafs in five games.Montreal Canadiens
<mask> and the Canadiens appeared in the Stanley Cup finals again in the 1951–52 season, losing to the Detroit Red Wings; after recording 35 points in 69 regular season games, <mask> was limited to an assist in 11 playoff games. In his third season with the Canadiens, <mask> won the Stanley Cup for the first time. Earning 45 points in 69 games, he was named to the Second All-Star Team. In the last game of the season, <mask> bodychecked Gordie Howe, stopping him from tying Maurice Richard's record of 50 goals in a season. <mask> played all the 70 games in the next two seasons, scoring 52 and 58 points in the 1953–54 and 1954–55 seasons, respectively. The Canadiens lost to the Red Wings once more in the Stanley Cup finals, in both seasons. In the 1954–55 season, <mask> led the league in assists, with 48, as Montreal lost another Stanley Cup Final to Detroit.The 1955–56 season saw the start of Montreal's five consecutive Stanley Cup championships. In that season, <mask> played on a line with Jean Béliveau and Bernie "Boom Boom" Geoffrion. He set a record for assists, with 56, and also scored eight points in game, recording four goals and four assists, tying Rocket Richard's record. This record would be broken in 1976 by Darryl Sittler, who scored six goals and four assists, for ten points. As well as winning the Stanley Cup, <mask> was again named to the Second All-Star Team. <mask> won two more Stanley Cups in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 seasons. After the conclusion of the 1957–58 seasons, doctors informed him that he had no strength left in his knees, and that he should contemplate retirement.As a result of this prognosis, the Canadiens left <mask> unprotected in the Intra-League Draft, and he was claimed by Billy Reay, the head coach of the Canadiens' chief rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs. Toronto Maple Leafs
Early in the 1958–59 season, Punch Imlach, the assistant general manager of the Leafs, fired Reay, installed himself as head coach, and appointed <mask> as the playing assistant coach. This meant that while Imlach coached the team during games, <mask> was in charge of the practices; however, <mask> only lasted three months as assistant coach, resigning to devote more time to improving his play. The same season, the Leafs went on a long winning streak in order to qualify for the playoffs, but they lost to the Canadiens in the finals. After losing in the Finals the next season, and falling short of the Finals the next season, <mask> won his fifth and final Stanley Cup in 1962, missing two months of the season with a broken shoulder, and being limited to only four out of the 12 playoff games. Retirement
Following his fifth Stanley Cup win, with Toronto, the New York Rangers claimed <mask> in the Intra-League Draft on June 4, 1962. This came as a surprise to <mask>, who refused to report to the team.The Canadiens offered to acquire him from the Rangers, within a month; <mask> demanded an immediate trade. Since no deal came, he retired at the age of 35. During his 14-year NHL career, <mask> scored 181 goals and 421 assists, for 602 points; in the playoffs, he collected 59 points, in 115 games. In his 14 seasons, <mask> appeared in the Stanley Cup final 11 times. He won five times, four of them with the Montreal Canadiens, and once with the Toronto Maple Leafs. After retiring from playing, <mask> attempted coaching. In the 1965–66 season, <mask> coached the Vancouver Canucks, of the WHL; he finished with a 33–35–4 record, for a .486 winning percentage.In the 1967–68 season, <mask> coached the expansion Oakland Seals, in the NHL. <mask> did not last the full season, stepping aside after 64 games, having only won 11 games, with a .297 winning percentage. Legacy
Known as "Dirty Bertie" because of his physical playing style, <mask> was a power forward, making hard hits and winning battles in the corners. He was not a very good skater, and thus he had to compensate by bodychecking. <mask> was not regularly involved in fights, but in the ones he participated, the majority were started with his hits. <mask> was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1985. <mask>, with his wife Nora, visited the town of Okotoks, Alberta on August 13, 2005, with the Stanley Cup.He had previously declined to spend a day with it, believing that it was being given to much older winners only because of the lockout. <mask> also noted, at the end of the day, that he was happy to have the Stanley Cup again. <mask> died at his home in High River, Alberta on November 16, 2015, due to complications from a stroke. Career statistics

* Stanley Cup Champion. Coaching record

References

External links

1926 births
2015 deaths
California Golden Seals executives
California Golden Seals coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Chicago Blackhawks players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Montreal Canadiens players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players

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Murray Albert Olmstead
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