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<mask> (née Bailey; March 10, 1924 – August 2, 2017) was an American writer and editor, best known for having rescued The Diary of Anne Frank from the reject pile. <mask> also championed Julia Child's Mastering the Art of French Cooking. She retired as senior editor and vice president at Alfred A. Knopf in 2011. <mask> was also a cookbook author and memoirist. She won multiple lifetime achievement awards, including the James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006. Career

Editor
<mask> joined Knopf in 1957 as an assistant to Blanche Knopf and editor working mainly on translations of French writers such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. Before that she worked for Doubleday, first in New York City and then in Paris, where she read and recommended The Diary of Anne Frank, pulling it out of the rejection pile.<mask> recalled that she came across Frank's work in a slush pile of material that had been rejected by other publishers; she was struck by a photograph of the girl on the cover of an advance copy of the French edition. "I read it all day," she noted. "When my boss returned, I told him, 'We have to publish this book.' He said, 'What? That book by that kid?'" She brought the diary to the attention of Doubleday's New York office. "I made the book quite important because I was so taken with it, and I felt it would have a real market in America.It’s one of those seminal books that will never be forgotten," <mask> said. <mask>'s relationship with Julia Child similarly began when <mask> became interested in Child's manuscript Mastering the Art of French Cooking, which had been rejected by a publishing house. After her years in Paris, <mask> had moved to New York, where she was frustrated with the ingredients and recipes commonly available in the U.S. <mask> said of the book Mastering the Art of French Cooking, "This was the book I had been searching for," and she got it published. In America's postwar years, home cooking was dominated by packaged and frozen food, with an emphasis on ease and speed. After the success of Child's cookbook, <mask> continued to expand the resource options for American home cooks. "I got so excited by Julia's book and what it did for making people better cooks, and the tools that you needed to make it really work in an American city or small town, and I thought, If we could do this for French food, for heavens' sake, let's start doing it for other exotic cuisines!" <mask> recalled."I used the word "exotic," and that meant the Middle East with Claudia Roden, it meant better Indian cooking with Madhur Jaffrey." After working with Edna Lewis on The Taste of Country Cooking, <mask> focused more on American regional cooking. Major culinary authors <mask> brought into print include Julia Child, Lidia Bastianich, James Beard, Marion Cunningham, Rosie Daley, Edward Giobbi, Marcella Hazan, Madhur Jaffrey, Irene Kuo, Edna Lewis, Joan Nathan, Scott Peacock, Jacques Pépin, Claudia Roden, and Nina Simonds. The 18-book Knopf Cooks American series was <mask>' creation. <mask> was also the longtime editor of noted authors John Updike, Anne Tyler, John Hersey, Elizabeth Bowen, Peter Taylor, and William Maxwell. Other major authors whom <mask> edited include Langston Hughes, Albert Camus, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Author
<mask> wrote three books with her husband Evan, and wrote three on her own since his death: one on cooking for one person; a memoir of her life and food; and a cookbook for food that can be shared with dogs.<mask> contributed to Vogue, Saveur, Bon Appétit, Departures, and Gourmet magazines. In 2006, she was awarded the James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award. She was portrayed by American actress Erin Dilly in the 2009 film, Julie & Julia. “Learning to like cooking alone is an ongoing process. But the alternative is worse.”

"For a long time, the women — and they were usually women — who wrote about food were treated as second-class citizens. All because they cook! I think that's opened up.A good writer gets some good assignments, and they're treated better somehow. It just takes time." Life and death
<mask> lived in Paris after college, where she met her husband and collaborator, <mask> (died 1996). The couple had four children, including two from Evans's previous marriage. <mask> died age 93 on August 2, 2017, in Walden, Vermont. Works

 Knead It, Punch It, Bake It! : Make Your Own Bread, with <mask>, illustrated by Lauren Jarrett (for children, Thomas Y. Crowell Co., October 1981)
 The Book of Bread, with <mask> (Harper & Row, 1982)
 The L.L.Bean Game and Fish Cookbook, with Angus Cameron, illustrated by Bill Elliott (Random House, October 12, 1983)
 The L.L. Bean Book of New New England Cookery, with <mask> (Random House, October 12, 1987) (reprinted as The Book of New New England Cookery, illustrated by Lauren Jarrett, in paperback by UPNE, April 1, 2001)
 The Tenth Muse: My Life in Food (Knopf, October 23, 2007)
 The Pleasures of Cooking for One (Knopf, September 29, 2009)
 Love Me, Feed Me: Sharing with Your Dog the Everyday Good Food You Cook and Enjoy (Knopf, October 28, 2014)

Awards
 (1985) Who's Who of Food & Beverage James Beard Award
 (2006) James Beard Foundation Lifetime Achievement Award

Cookbooks written or edited by <mask> that received James Beard Awards:

 (1983) The Book of Bread by <mask> and <mask>. Award: Single Subject. (1993) Peppers a Story of Hot Pursuits by Amal Naj and edited by <mask>. Award: Writing on Food
 (1995) Jewish Cooking in America by Joan Nathan and edited by <mask>. Award: Food of the Americas
 (2000) Julia and Jacques Cooking at Home by Julia Child, Jacques Pepin and edited by <mask>. Award: General
 (2000) A Spoonful of Ginger by Nina Simonds and edited by <mask>.Award: Healthy Focus
 (2002) Jacques Pepin Celebrates by Jacques Pepin and edited by <mask>. Award: Entertaining & Special Occasions
 (2006) The New American Cooking by Joan Nathan and edited by <mask>. Award: Food of the Americas
 (2006) Spices of Life: Simple and Delicious Recipes for Great Health by Nina Simonds and edited by <mask>. Award: Healthy Focus

See also

 Cuisine of the United States#Modern cuisine

References

External links
 <mask>' Blog
 "<mask> reads from Tenth Muse" on NPR , January 8, 2008
 Lecture Review: "Knopf editor <mask> charms audience", Tuesday, April 7, 2009, by Bob Hoover, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

1924 births
2017 deaths
American book editors
American businesspeople
American cookbook writers
American food writers
Bennington College alumni
Women cookbook writers
Women food writers
Writers from New York City
Brearley School alumni
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American women

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Air Chief Marshal Sir <mask>,  (18 September 1878 – 20 October 1953) was a senior commander in the Royal Air Force. During the First World War he served in the Royal Flying Corps as a wing commander and senior staff officer. Remaining in the new Royal Air Force (RAF) after the war, Brooke-Popham was the first commandant of its Staff College at Andover and later held high command in the Middle East. He was Governor of Kenya in the late 1930s. Most notably, Brooke-Popham was Commander-in-Chief of the British Far East Command until being replaced a few weeks before Singapore fell to Japanese troops. Family life and education

Brooke-Popham was born in England in the Suffolk village of Mendlesham on 18 September 1878. His parents were Henry Brooke, a country gentleman of Wetheringsett Manor in Suffolk, and his wife Dulcibella who was the daughter of <mask>, a clergyman.Brooke-Popham's education was not atypical of a man entering the British officer class. He attended South Lodge School in Lowestoft from 1885 to 1891. After his school years at Haileybury and his officer training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, he was commissioned into the British Army in 1898. In January 1926, Brooke-Popham married Opal Mary, the daughter of Edgar Hugonin. They later had a son and a daughter. Early military career
After graduating from Sandhurst in May 1898, Brooke-Popham was gazetted to the Oxfordshire Light Infantry in the rank of second lieutenant, and the following year promoted to lieutenant on 24 November 1899. As a subaltern he saw active service in the Second Boer War during 1899 and 1900 and on 26 April 1902 he was seconded for further duty in South Africa.During his time there he served in the Orange Free State, the Transvaal, the Orange River Colony, and Cape Colony. He was promoted captain on 9 November 1904. By 1910 Brooke-Popham had returned to Great Britain. From 22 January 1910, he attended the Army Staff College at Camberley. Military aviation before the First World War

Brooke-Popham was attached to Air Battalion Royal Engineers during its manoeuvres of 1911, after which he decided to learn to fly. He attended the flying school at Brooklands and gained Royal Aero Club certificate number 108 in July 1911. He returned to his regiment, the Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry, on 28 February 1912.However, in early 1912 he transferred to the Air Battalion, taking up duties as a pilot in March. The next month, Brooke-Popham was appointed Officer Commanding of the Battalion's Aeroplane Company. With the creation of the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) from the Air Battalion on 13 May 1912, Brooke-Popham was transferred to the RFC. He was appointed the first Officer Commanding of No. 3 Squadron. In a letter to the editor of Flight magazine, dated 23 January 1949, he wrote, "I see from an old log book that though I was seconded to the Air Battalion at the end of March 1912, it was not till the 6th May that I flew to Larkhill to take over command of No.2 (Aeroplane) Co." No. 3 Squadron was the successor unit to the Air Battalion's No.2 (Aeroplane) Company which had been stationed at Larkhill, on Salisbury Plain, since its creation in April 1911 and thus became the oldest British, Empire or Commonwealth independent military unit to operate heavier-than-air machines. First World War
Following the outbreak of the First World War, Brooke-Popham went to France as the Deputy Assistant Adjutant and Quartermaster-General in the headquarters of the Royal Flying Corps, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical support to the squadrons deployed in the field. His understanding of the importance of air power and its support to land forces led him to criticize the lack of adequate air support to the British Expeditionary Force. On 20 November 1914 Brooke-Popham was appointed Officer Commanding No. 3 Wing of the RFC. At this time the wing consisted of No. 1 and No.4 squadrons, and on the same day as his appointment, Brooke-Popham received a temporary promotion to lieutenant colonel. During the Battle of Neuve Chapelle, Brooke-Popham directed his Wing's operations and was later awarded the Distinguished Service Order for his part in the Battle. By 1915, Brooke-Popham was too senior an officer to take part in much operational flying, and he also had limited experience of air combat. Rather, his energies were directed into administrative and organizational activities, as he served in several staff posts at the RFC's headquarters in France. In May 1915 Brooke-Popham was appointed the RFC's Chief Staff Officer, and in March 1916 he was the Corps' Deputy Adjutant and Quartermaster-General, which saw him granted the temporary rank of brigadier-general. In 1915, the capabilities of radio were still very limited. Observers in aircraft could not easily communicate with men on the ground.Men on the ground could not easily reply. In 1915, a technique was developed whereby troops on the ground could send messages to aviators by laying strips of white cloth on the ground. These strips are referred to as "Popham strips" in a novel set in the period. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force in April 1918, Brooke-Popham was transferred to the newly created Air Ministry in London. He served as the Controller of Aircraft Production for the remainder of the War and for some months afterwards. In 1919 he served as Director of Aircraft Research. Developed during the First World War, the Popham panel was named for him.RAF service during the inter-war years

Post-war honours
Following the end of the First World War, Brooke-Popham was decorated for his contributions to the war effort. In January 1919 he was awarded the Air Force Cross and made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. Later in the same year he was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath and was given a permanent commission in the Royal Air Force as a colonel. He was rapidly promoted to air commodore when the Air Force introduced its own rank system in August 1919. Career progression

From 1919 to 1921, Brooke-Popham served as Director of Research at the Air Ministry and in November 1921 he was tasked with establishing the RAF Staff College at Andover and he became its first commandant on 1 April 1922. In 1925 the Air Defence of Great Britain had been created and it was charged with defending the United Kingdom from aerial attack. The following year, Brooke-Popham was posted as Air Officer Commanding (AOC) the Fighting Area within the Air Defence of Great Britain and he served in this capacity for the next two years.During his time as AOC Fighting Area, Brooke-Popham oversaw the establishment of a chain of huge concrete mirrors which were designed for acoustic early warning and he received a knighthood in 1927. On 1 November 1928, Brooke-Popham was appointed AOC Iraq Command. This high-profile position put him in charge of all British forces in Iraq and, when the post of high commissioner was vacant, he acted in that capacity as well. In late 1928, he mobilised and despatched the Victoria aircraft for the rescue of British embassy staff and others in the Kabul evacuation by air operation. The start of 1931 saw Brooke-Popham promoted to air marshal and then posted as the first RAF officer to serve as Commandant of the Imperial Defence College. Two years later in 1933, he returned to the Air Defence of Great Britain, this time in the senior post of Air Officer Commander-in-Chief. Later that year Brooke-Popham received the honorary appointment of Principal Aide-de-Camp to the King.In 1935 he left the Air Defence of Great Britain to become the Inspector-General of the RAF. This was, however, a short-lived appointment and he was posted later that year. Commander-in-Chief RAF Middle East
In late 1935, Brooke-Popham took up the post of Air Officer Commander-in-Chief RAF Middle East with his headquarters in Cairo. His appointment took place not long after the outbreak of the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in October 1935 and his principal aim was to deter the Regia Aeronautica from attacking British territory in north east Africa. In 1937, Brooke-Popham relinquished his command and returned to Great Britain, retiring from the RAF on 6 March. Governor of Kenya
Following Italy's occupation of Ethiopia, the British Government wanted a military man to hold the post of Governor of Kenya. Brooke-Popham was appointed Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Kenya in 1937 and his military expertise was useful in helping the colony prepare for a possible war with Italy.Under his direction, a plan was devised which concentrated defensive resources on the strategically important port of Mombasa, which was judged to be the most likely Italian target. Although this left Nairobi and the highlands with only limited defences, the barren regions of northern Kenya meant that the inland settlements were geographically protected from the Italian threat further to the north. Eventually, as the Italian occupation of Ethiopia was characterized by strife and unrest, the threat to Kenya dissipated. Brooke-Popham's governorship was also marked by improved relations with the settlers. His predecessor had sought to dominate the political and economic life of the colony which had aroused repeated opposition from some of the settlers' leaders. However, in courting settler opinion, some historians have criticized Brooke-Popham for failing to deal with those settlers who wanted to limit African and Asian freedoms in Kenya. In 1939 on the outbreak of the Second World War, Brooke-Popham ordered the internment of all Germans in Kenya, directed that all aircraft be commandeered, and devised a plan to keep the colony's farms running.On 30 September 1939 he relinquished the governorship and returned to Great Britain. Second World War

Commonwealth Air Training Plan
Brooke-Popham rejoined the RAF shortly after his return to Great Britain and only weeks after the outbreak of the Second World War. He was first appointed as head of the RAF's training mission to Canada where he worked on the establishment of the Commonwealth Air Training Plan. In 1940 Brooke-Popham was made head of the training mission to South Africa where he continued work on the Plan. Commander-in-Chief Far East Command

Command arrangements
On 18 November 1940, at the age of 62, Brooke-Popham was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the British Far East Command making him responsible for defence matters in Singapore, Malaya, Burma and Hong Kong. This was a considerably more demanding undertaking than any of Brooke-Popham's many previous appointments. The Command had been newly created and Brooke-Popham was the first RAF officer to be appointed Commander-in-Chief of a joint command during a major world conflict.Additionally, there was a significant gap between the Commander-in-Chief's responsibility and his authority, as Brooke-Popham was nominally responsible for all defence matters in the British Far East colonies but the Royal Navy units in these waters did not come under his command; rather they reported to their own naval commander-in-chief in London. Furthermore, the civil servants in the Far East also did not report to the Commander-in-Chief, working instead for ministers in London. Insufficient defences

With the Japanese threatening south-east Asia, Brooke-Popham knew he had to build up the defences of the region. Those defences which already existed were primarily directed towards an attack from the sea and everywhere sufficient forces were lacking. The Command's aerial defences were particularly deficient and the priority attached to operations in the Middle East meant that British resources were directed elsewhere. During the following year, Brooke-Popham struggled without much success to build up defences, get the much-needed reinforcements and rectify the unsound command arrangements. Operation Matador

In August 1941 Brooke-Popham submitted a plan for the defence of Malaya to London for approval.This plan, code-named Matador, worked on the basis that the Japanese would land on the east coast of Thailand and then advance south. The essence of Operation Matador was that Allied forces would advance into Thailand and fight the Japanese there. However, the plan relied upon force levels not available to Brooke-Popham and involved violating the neutrality of Thailand, with whom a non-aggression pact had been signed the previous year. Concern regarding the situation prompted the government in London to send Duff Cooper as a special cabinet envoy. Cooper's arrival in September 1941, did not help to maintain Brooke-Popham's authority in a difficult situation. On 22 November, with the Japanese establishing sea and air bases in southern Indo-China, Brooke-Popham urged London that Operation Matador should be put into effect, granting him permission to advance into southern Thailand. Brooke-Popham did eventually receive permission on 5 December although many conditions were attached.The plan was reworked to take account of the limited forces available and on 8 December the war with Japan began. Two days before the attack on Malaya, Hudsons of No.1 Squadron (RAAF) spotted the Japanese invasion fleet but, given uncertainty about the ships' destination and instructions to avoid offensive operations until attacks were made against friendly territory, Brooke-Popham did not allow the convoy to be bombed. Although it had been agreed in London that Brooke-Popham should be replaced as commander-in-chief on 1 November 1941, the change was not made because of the critical situation. However, with the war with Japan now unfolding, many believed that Brooke-Popham was near to a nervous collapse. The cabinet envoy Duff Cooper urged his replacement and London agreed. On 27 December, at the height of the battle for Malaya, Brooke-Popham handed over command to Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Pownall. Brooke-Popham's return to Great Britain was closely followed by the fall of Singapore on 15 February 1942.Inevitably, Brooke-Popham was associated with the collapse and he was publicly attacked by some in Britain as the man chiefly responsible for the defeat. Later war years
In May 1942, Brooke-Popham retired from active service in the RAF for the second time. His reputation severely damaged by the events in the Far East, he nevertheless continued to serve where he could. At some stage in 1942, Brooke-Popham became Inspector-General of the Air Training Corps, a position he held until 1945. From 1944 to 1946, he served as President of the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes Council. Later years
After Brooke-Popham relinquished his role as President of the Navy, Army and Air Force Institutes Council, he lived in retirement. Brooke-Popham died in the hospital at RAF Halton in Buckinghamshire on 20 October 1953.His funeral took place at St. Edburg's Church in Bicester and he was buried privately in Somerset. Papers
Papers relating to Brooke-Popham's service are held in the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London. Footnotes and references

Further reading

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography – Sir (Henry) <mask> Brooke-Popham (requires login)

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1878 births
1953 deaths
People from Mid Suffolk District
Knights Bachelor
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Colonial governors and administrators of Kenya
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
Military of Singapore under British rule
Royal Flying Corps officers
British Army generals of World War I
Royal Air Force generals of World War I
Royal Air Force air marshals of World War II
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Knights of the Order of St John
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Collections of the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Military personnel from Suffolk

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<mask> (May 4, 1897 – June 10, 1981), born <mask>, was an American politician who held a number of offices in New York before becoming the 38th Governor of American Samoa and the United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic. <mask>' parents divorced in 1899 and he later took his mother's maiden name as his last name, even though it was already also his first name. He attended Yale University in 1916, but was dismissed for cheating; he eventually graduated from Williams College and then Fordham University Law School, becoming an attorney. <mask> began his political career as Deputy Commissioner for Veterans Affairs for New York City. From 1924 to 1928, he was a Republican member of the New York State Assembly. After the 1932 Republican National Convention, he became a Democrat, and acted as a delegate at a number of national conventions. He served another term in the State Assembly, and then in the New York State Senate.He also attended a New Jersey Constitutional Convention, hosted a long-running radio commentary show, and was a prolific writer of letters to the editor of major newspapers. <mask> served in the United States Army during World War II, achieving the rank of Captain. Immediately following the war, <mask> served on Douglas MacArthur's staff during the Japanese War Crimes Tribunal. Upon his appointment as governor to American Samoa in 1951, <mask> became its first civilian governor. The United States Navy largely withdrew from the island with the last naval governor, leaving <mask> to restructure an economy previously centered on the military. He promoted the oil storage facilities on the island and attracted new airlines to Pago Pago International Airport in an attempt to make up lost revenue. His last overseas post was as Ambassador to the Dominican Republic under the rule of Rafael Trujillo.There, he had to negotiate land sales between the two governments and respond to citizen's anger when possible assassinations on United States soil ordered by Trujillo. <mask> never married or owned property, preferring to wander between various hotels, and lived with four women throughout his life. <mask> died in Wildwood, New Jersey, and is buried at the Arlington National Cemetery. Life

Early life
<mask> was born <mask> Rottenburg on May 4, 1897 in Bonn, Germany, to Franz and <mask> von Rottenburg. His mother came from a wealthy family, and his father, who died when <mask> was nine, worked as a lawyer, but came from a family of shippers. His grandfather was William Walter <mask>, a politician who served multiple terms in the United States House of Representatives out of New Jersey's 5th congressional district and as the United States ambassador to Austria-Hungary; his great-grandfathers were John Jay <mask> and Joseph Earl Sheffield. In 1899, his mother divorced his father and took the children to Teaneck, New Jersey, where they were raised with the help of their grandmother Ellen Maria.Shortly after arriving in New Jersey, <mask>' mother gave him her last name, and he became known as <mask>. He attended Yale University in 1916, but was dismissed from the school after paying another student to take his exams for him. He graduated from Williams College in 1922, and received his juris doctor from Fordham University School of Law in 1925. Military service
Enlisting in August 1917, <mask> attended the aviation school of the United States School of Military Aeronautics in Ithaca, New York. He joined the Royal Flying Corps in Canada, but left later in the year to attend college. During World War II, <mask> served in the reserve corps until enlisting in the United States Army in 1942. He served in the infantry, and eventually achieved the rank of Captain.Following the war, he was on the Japanese War Crimes Tribunal, and was eventually demobilized at Camp Stoneman. Later life
After retiring from his two overseas posts, <mask> became a prolific writer of newspaper letters to the editor, including many to newspapers like the New York Times and Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, where he discussed a wide range of issues. For much of his later life, <mask> lived in Jersey City, New Jersey. He died on June 10, 1981 in Wildwood, New Jersey. He was buried July 3 of the same year at the Arlington National Cemetery. Political career
From 1923 to 1924, <mask> held the post of Deputy Commissioner for Veterans Affairs for New York City. He served as a Republican member of the New York State Assembly from Greenwich Village in 1924, 1925, 1926, 1927 and 1928.In 1928, he ran for a nomination for the United States House of Representatives, but lost the primary to Ruth Baker Pratt, who would become the first congresswoman from New York. Following the 1932 Republican National Convention, <mask> became a Democrat, and travelled to the 1936, 1956, and 1960 Democratic National Conventions as a delegate. He was again a member of the State Assembly (New York Co., 3rd D.) in 1937 and 1938; and a member of the New York State Senate (13th D.) from 1939 to 1942, sitting in the 162nd and 163rd New York State Legislatures. After leaving his diplomatic post in the Dominican Republic, <mask> served as commissioner for the Palisades Interstate Park Commission. He was a delegate to the New Jersey State Constitutional Convention in 1966. He hosted a long-standing radio program, where he commented on politics and current events. When Jimmy Carter became President, <mask> objected to the moral platforms the Democratic Party had chosen to take, and returned to the Republican Party.Governorship
President of the United States Harry S. Truman appointed <mask> to serve as Governor of American Samoa, making him the first civilian governor of the islands; the previous governors had been naval officers. He began his term on February 23, 1951. <mask> immediately needed to address the failing economy of American Samoa, caused largely by the withdrawal of the United States Navy from the islands with the final naval governor. <mask> attempted to replace the lost military revenue by selling oil from storage facilities to shipping enterprises, drawing in new airlines to Pago Pago International Airport, and encouraging larger copra crop yields. <mask> criticized the United States military for refusing to build recruitment centers in American Samoa, leaving natives who wanted to enlist the need to travel to Hawaii to do so. He attempted to fix a number of political problems with the island. This led him to fire his attorney general and take measures to improve the relations between inhabitants of the Tutuila and Manu'a islands.Ambassadorship
Only days after leaving the governor's seat, <mask> received appointment as the United States Ambassador to the Dominican Republic, serving from June 27, 1952 to May 30, 1953. Dictator Rafael Trujillo was in charge of the Dominican Republic during <mask>' post. Among the issues he faced were accusations of numerous murders of Americans on United States soil ordered and funded by Trujillo. He also negotiated a land deal where Trujillo purchased an empty lot the United States owned in Ciudad Trujillo, now Santo Domingo. <mask> resigned on May 21, 1953, and was replaced by William T. Pheiffer nine days later. Personal life
<mask> never married, but lived with four different women throughout his lifetime. He was a major baseball fan, and had personal friendships with numerous well-known players of the time.<mask> received much of the attention of his mother and grandmother during his childhood; this led to a strained relationship with his sister, who remained embittered towards him for the rest of her life. She left America in the 1920s, and never spoke with him again. He preferred to live in hotels and move from place to place, and never owned any real estate. Bibliography

References

1897 births
1981 deaths
Governors of American Samoa
Ambassadors of the United States to the Dominican Republic
New York (state) state senators
Members of the New York State Assembly
Politicians from New York City
Military personnel from New York City
German emigrants to the United States
Williams College alumni
Fordham University School of Law alumni
People from Teaneck, New Jersey
Royal Flying Corps soldiers
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Politicians from Jersey City, New Jersey
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
New York (state) Republicans
New York (state) Democrats
American Samoa Democrats
20th-century American politicians
Military personnel from New Jersey

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<mask> (1918–2011) was an American painter, printmaker and sculptor. Life
Born in New York City in 1918, Amen began drawing at the age of four. A scholarship to the Pratt Institute was awarded to him when he was fourteen years old. From 1942 to 1945 he served with the Armed Forces. He headed a mural project and executed murals in the United States and Belgium. His first exhibition in woodcut was held at the New School for Social Research and his second at the Smithsonian Institution in 1949 and also exhibited at the Artists House in Jerusalem, the Library of Congress, and the National Academy of Design. Amen studied in Paris in 1950.Upon his return to the United States, he had one man shows in New York and Washington DC. In 1953, Amen traveled throughout Italy. This resulted in a series of eleven woodcuts, eight etchings and a number of oil paintings. One of these woodcuts, "Piazza San Marco #4" and its four woodblocks constitute a permanent exhibit of block printing in color at the Smithsonian Institution. Travel in Israel, Greece and Turkey in 1960 led to a retrospective show at the Artist's House in Jerusalem. His art is widely owned and loved. <mask> has taught at Pratt Institute and at the University of Notre Dame.He had a show of woodcuts at the Artists Studio in NYC. In 1974 he illustrated The Epic of Gilgamesh in linocuts and woodcuts for the Limited Editions Club. He designed a set of stained glass windows depicting the Twelve Tribes of Israel for Agudas Achim Synagogue in Bexley, Ohio. His work often depicts themes of Judaism, chess, people, music, Italy and Don Quixote. In his later years he lived and worked in Boca Raton, Florida. Commissions include a Peace Medal in honor of the Vietnam War. He created designs for 12 stained glass windows 16 feet high depicting the Twelve Tribes of Israel, commissioned by Agudas Achim Synagogue in Columbus, Ohio.He is listed in Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors and Engravers and the Dictionary of Contemporary American Artists by Paul Cummings. Amen was also a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. He was elected member of Accademia Fiorentina Delle Arti Del Disegno, an organization to which Michelangelo, his idol, belonged. Born in New York City, he taught at the Pratt Institute and at the University of Notre Dame in the early 1960s. Notable collections – U.S.
Museum of Modern Art, New York
National Museum of American History, Washington, D.C. Illustrated the classic, GILGAMESH, for the Limited Editions Club. Created Designs for twelve stained glass windows sixteen feet high depicting the twelve tribes of Israel, commissioned by Agudas Achim Synagogue at Columbus, Ohio.References

External links
 Official website

1918 births
2011 deaths
Jewish American artists
American printmakers
Modern printmakers
University of Notre Dame faculty
Painters from New York (state)
Artists from New York City
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Irving Amen
Irving Amen


texts:
<mask> (born October 22, 1953) is a former professional baseball pitcher. He played all or part of four seasons in Major League Baseball, between 1978 and 1983, for the Chicago White Sox and Oakland Athletics. Amateur career
Highly sought after out of Odessa High School in Odessa, Texas, <mask> was selected in the 5th round of the 1972 draft by the Texas Rangers, but instead elected to attend the University of Texas and play for legendary Coach Cliff Gustafson. In 1973, he was also a member of Team USA during the Federación Mundial de Béisbol Amateur Amateur World Series, the first time Team USA won a Gold Medal in that competition. He defeated Dennis Martínez and Team Nicaragua in the final. <mask> had a great deal of success as a college pitcher with a record of 50–7 and was the ace of the 1975 Longhorns team that won the College World Series. He was drafted again that year by the Rangers in the 14th round, but again did not sign.He was then selected by the White Sox in the January secondary phase of the 1976 draft. Professional career

Early minor league career
After signing with the White Sox, he was assigned directly to Double-A Knoxville, skipping over the lower minor league levels. He appeared in eleven games for Knoxville, 10 as a starting pitcher, finishing with a 4–2 record and an ERA of 4.24. He began the 1977 season in Knoxville, but was promoted to the Triple-A Iowa Oaks after improving to a 9–7 record and 2.53 ERA in 22 games. His introduction to the highest minor league level was a rough one, however, as his ERA ballooned to 8.71 in nine starts, of which he won only one. 1978: First taste of the majors
In 1978, <mask> opened the season in Iowa. However, when starting pitcher Ken Kravec got off to a rough start, he was sent to the minors, and <mask> was called up to replace him.He made his debut on May 3 against the Milwaukee Brewers, and he pitched 6.2 innings and gave up 3 runs in a 4–0 loss. In his next start, he beat the Minnesota Twins, pitching 8 innings and giving up 2 runs on 9 hits. His next outing found him giving up 10 hits in just 4.1 innings, and he was returned to the minors, with Kravec returning to the majors. <mask> spent most of the rest of the season in Iowa, and was recalled in September when the rosters expanded. In five September starts, <mask> went 2–0 with a 2.70 ERA, lowering his overall ERA for the season to 3.02. He also pitched his first two major league complete games. <mask> was seen as a future star.1979: Taking a regular turn
In 1979, <mask> came out of spring training as the White Sox' number three starter. Although he did not have a spectacular year, he had a solid first full season in the major leagues. He won a career-high 14 games, but his ERA was a below-average 4.90, he was in the top ten in the league in losses with 14, and he finished fourth in the league in walks allowed with 100. However, he also finished 8th in the league in strikeouts per 9 innings pitched, and it appeared that he had solidified his position as a dependable starting pitcher. 1980: A step backward
<mask> was moved to the bullpen to start the 1980 season, where he was used as a long reliever. He got off to an impressive start, as in his first three outings of the year, he pitched at least four innings, giving up no runs and a combined four hits in 12.2 innings while picking up a pair of wins. However, as April ended, he had a bad outing, giving up five runs in two innings, followed shortly by giving up six runs without recording an out on May 4.<mask> was moved back to the rotation, and his first start of 1980 was excellent, as he pitched seven shutout innings against the Kansas City Royals to pick up his third win of the year. However, he gave up four runs in 4.2 innings in his next start, and he went back to the bullpen. The rest of the season went much the same, as he would have good and bad outings, but more bad than good, winding up with a 5.97 ERA and a record of 4–7. After the season, the White Sox traded him to the Montreal Expos for second baseman Tony Bernazard. Back to the minors: Control problems
<mask> was assigned by the Expos to the Triple-A Denver Bears, where he struggled with wildness. He went 5–5 for Denver in 18 games with a 4.79 ERA, and was even worse in a brief demotion to the Double-A Memphis Chicks, where he posted an 8.00 ERA in 5 games. More alarming, however, was that he walked a combined 99 batters in just 95 innings, including 28 in 18 innings in Memphis.<mask> went to spring training with the Expos in 1982, but was released on April 1. He was signed by the Philadelphia Phillies, and was assigned to the Double-A Reading Phillies to work out his problems. Instead, they were magnified, as he not only posted 58 walks in just 36.2 innings, but he failed to win a game, going 0–5, and his ERA was a bloated 11.54. The Phillies released him during the offseason. Last appearance
Shortly thereafter, <mask> was signed by the Athletics, whose pitching staff had collapsed after three seasons of abuse by manager Billy Martin. He was started slowly, being assigned to A-ball with the Modesto A's, the first time he had pitched at that lower level. After 14 games, in which he was 2–3 with a 6.75 ERA and 42 walks in 44 innings, he was moved up to the Double-A Albany A's.Even though his record there was even worse, the desperate Athletics summoned him to the major leagues. He made his last appearance in Major League Baseball on July 23, when he entered the game in the 8th inning in relief of Keith Atherton. He faced four batters, allowing three hits and a walk without retiring a batter. His catcher in that contest was former Longhorn teammate Bob Kearney. Life after baseball
<mask> serves as the executive director of the Texas Beef Council. <mask> <mask> lived in Southlake, TX before moving to his current residence of  Leander, Texas. In 2010, he was elected to the College Baseball Hall of Fame.Notes

Sources
Baseball Almanac

Major League Baseball pitchers
Chicago White Sox players
Oakland Athletics players
Knoxville Sox players
Iowa Oaks players
Memphis Chicks players
Denver Bears players
Reading Phillies players
Modesto A's players
Albany A's players
Texas Longhorns baseball players
Baseball players from Texas
People from Odessa, Texas
National College Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
1953 births
Living people
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
People from Leander, Texas
All-American college baseball players
Baseball players at the 1975 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1975 Pan American Games

masks:
Richard Cooper Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Wortham
Richard Cooper
Wortham


texts:
<mask>. <mask> (born <mask>; December 9, 1953) is a retired American professional basketball player who played in the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1975 to 1988. <mask> was known as the "Prince of Mid-Air" as well as "All-World". Early years
Born in Atlanta, <mask> grew up in Brownsville, New York and attended Canarsie High School in Brooklyn, New York before attending Guilford College in North Carolina. As a freshman, he led Guilford's basketball team and helped the team win the NAIA National Championship and was named MVP of the NAIA Tournament. Professional career
<mask> played for the San Diego Clippers, Philadelphia 76ers, Golden State Warriors, Cleveland Cavaliers and Houston Rockets in the National Basketball Association. He got his name from his days in Brooklyn, where a friend nicknamed him "<mask>" because of his 44-inch vertical leap and 360 degree dunks.<mask> was known for his "rainbow" jump shots, referring to the extreme arch of the ball during the shot. He was also known for taking high risk shots and playing flamboyantly. During <mask>'s time playing for the San Diego Clippers, fans would shout "shoot, shoot, shoot" whenever <mask> took possession of the ball. For both the 1978–79 and 1979–80 campaigns, George Gervin and <mask> were number 1 and 2 in the league in scoring. <mask> averaged 20.3 points per game over 13 seasons in the NBA. His best season was 1979–80 with the Clippers, averaging 30.2 points per game, as well as 4.2 assists per game and 3.5 rebounds per game in 68 games. He was an All-Star that season as well, although the Clippers failed to make the playoffs.During the  season, <mask> became the 39th player in league history to surpass 15,000 career points. <mask> also played in the United States Basketball League (USBL) for the Miami Tropics after being waived by the Philadelphia 76ers in March 1987. He was named the USBL Playoffs MVP after leading the Tropics to the title after scoring 30 points in the championship winning game against the Rhode Island Gulls. Following the USBL season, he joined the Houston Rockets for the 1987–88 season, which was his last NBA season. For <mask>, the highlight of that season was November 12, 1987, when he scored 38 points against the Sacramento Kings at ARCO Arena and brought the Rockets back to win the game. In 1991, <mask> had a comeback with Atlanta Eagles of the USBL. Player profile
<mask> loved to go one-on-one against a defender and either whirl around him or take a jump shot.His shot was possibly his greatest strength: a soft, high-arcing lob that stayed in the air longer than the average jump shot and was very straight when he was "on" that it barely jostled the net. When he was younger, on the playgrounds of New York City, his jump shot was a flat line drive, but he was tired of having the ball blocked, so he developed a new style of shooting. <mask> admired Muhammad Ali. Name change
On December 8, 1981, a day before his 28th birthday, he legally changed his first name to <mask>. According to <mask>, "the fellas back in Brownsville gave me the nickname "World" when I was in junior high... they just started calling me 'all-world', because all-city and all-county and things like that weren't good enough. Finally they just started calling me World... I'm still the same guy I was when I was Lloyd, though.I'll say what I'm going to do, and then I'll go out and do it." Post-playing career
Currently, <mask> is director of player development and a community ambassador for the Philadelphia 76ers. Among other things, he greets fans at 76ers home games in his flamboyant/colorful wardrobe. <mask> has also led the Sixers' "Summer Hoops Tour". On November 30, 2005, <mask> was honored as a Cleveland Cavaliers Legend at halftime of the Cavaliers game against the Los Angeles Clippers. Dick Vitale often uses his name in college basketball season previews to give the award for best name. Free page at databaseBasketball.com
Philadelphia 76ers page
Cavshistory.com page

1953 births
Living people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Atlanta
Canarsie High School alumni
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Golden State Warriors players
Guilford Quakers men's basketball players
Houston Rockets players
National Basketball Association All-Stars
People from Canarsie, Brooklyn
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Philadelphia 76ers players
Point guards
San Diego Clippers players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Brooklyn
United States Basketball League players

masks:
World B
Free
Lloyd Bernard Free
Free
Free
Free
World
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
Free
World
Free
Free
Free
Free


texts:
<mask>, <mask> OBE MSM DL (18 April 1898 – 18 December 1992) was a British journalist and Labour Party politician. Early life

<mask> was born in Aston, Birmingham on 18 April 1898. He was the eldest son of <mask>, an Army bandmaster. His mother <mask> (née Abbis), a blacksmith's daughter, died when he was 9 years old. He attended Harborne School, Birmingham and left school at the age of 14. In 1914 at the start of the First World War he joined the 16th Battalion of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. In 1916 he was transferred to Xth Corps headquarters where he remained for the rest of the war.He became an Acting Sergeant Major and served in France, Belgium and Germany. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal. In 1919 he returned to Birmingham and worked for Birmingham Corporation. He was a founder member and Midlands Organiser of the National Union of Ex-Service Men. In 1921 he moved to Macclesfield and became Chief Reporter and Sub-Editor on a local newspaper, the Macclesfield Courier. In 1923 and 1924 he won gold medals in an international essay writing competition organised by the London Chamber of Commerce. Labour Party Press and Publicity Department

In 1924 he moved to London to work as Parliamentary Correspondent in the Labour Party Press and Publicity Department.He became second in command to the Labour Press Officer, William Henderson. In 1925 he wrote eleven chapters of The Book of the Labour Party, the first major history of the Labour Party and the Labour movement. In 1926 he played a significant behind the scenes role in the General Strike writing much of the contents of the British Worker, the TUC strike newspaper, including the TUC's "Message to All Workers" which appeared on the front cover of every issue. Daily Herald

In 1929 Leatherland became a Political Sub-Editor on the Daily Herald. In 1938 he became Assistant News Editor. By 1941 he had been appointed News Editor. In the 1950s he acted as Night Editor and then Assistant Editor, which he combined with the duties of Political Editor.He retired from the Daily Herald in 1963. <mask> was also a freelance journalist. He wrote a weekly political gossip column for the Sunday Dispatch and weekly articles in the magazines John Bull and The Passing Show, both published by the Daily Herald owners Odhams Press. During the 1950s and 1960s he wrote a weekly column in the local government periodical the Municipal Journal. In the 1960s he wrote a series of articles on local government themes for the National and Local Government Officers' Association (NALGO), the local government trade union. These articles were widely used by schools and colleges in the teaching of civics. Essex County Council

Leatherland moved to the Old Rectory in Dunton Wayletts, Essex in 1934.He came to play a prominent role in Essex politics. He was Chairman of the Dunton Parish Invasion Committee and made radio broadcasts for the BBC during the Second World War. After spells as a district councillor in Laindon and Billericay, he became an Alderman on Essex County Council in 1946. He served as a Labour member of Essex County Council for 22 years. For 15 years he was Leader of the Labour group. He chaired the Finance Committee for several years, was vice-chairman for six years, and was County Council chairman in 1960–61. He also spent 15 years as Chairman of the Eastern Regional Council of the Labour Party.In 1951 he was awarded the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for political and public service. He lived latterly at Buckhurst Hill. University of Essex

Whilst on Essex County Council, <mask> campaigned for Essex to be the location of a new university. He played a leading role in the foundation of the University of Essex and became its first Treasurer serving in this role until 1972. In 1973 the University awarded him an honorary doctorate. He also served as a magistrate for 26 years and became Deputy Chairman of the magistrates bench in Epping, Essex. He played a prominent part in the establishment of Basildon as a New Town and served as a member of Basildon Development Corporation.He also served on the Essex Territorial Army Association for many years. He was appointed as a Deputy Lieutenant of Essex in 1963. Life Peerage

On 16 December 1964 he was created a Labour Life Peer as <mask>therland, of Dunton in the County of Essex. He attended the House of Lords for twenty-five years and was a frequent speaker in debates. <mask> died in Epping, Essex at the age of 94 on 18 December 1992. Personal life

<mask> married Mary Elizabeth ('Mollie') Morgan in Macclesfield in 1922. They had a daughter Irene Mary and a son <mask>.<mask> worked at Labour Party head office at Transport House from 1947 to 1962 becoming the Party's Conference Officer. <mask> served in the Army and then worked in advertising. Mollie <mask> died in 1987 at the age of 87. Arms

References

Publications
Could Revolution Win? in 'The Nineteenth Century and After' (1921)

Part-author The Book of the Labour Party ed. Herbert Treacy (1925)

Village Invasion Committee Plans in Bulletins from Britain. British Information Services (1942)

A Day in the Life of a News Editor in The Inky Way Annual 1947–48.World's Press News Publishing Ltd (1948)

External links

Obituary in The Independent, December 1992 https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-lord-leatherland-1564837.html

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Lord Leatherland http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/search/leatherland

Biographical website by Lord <mask>'s grandson David Richards www.charlesleatherland.info

Laindon and District Community Archive http://www.laindonhistory.org.uk/page_id__12_path__0p49p21p.aspx

1898 births
1992 deaths
Labour Party (UK) life peers
British male journalists
Deputy Lieutenants of Essex
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United Kingdom)
Members of Essex County Council
British newspaper editors
Life peers created by Elizabeth II

masks:
Charles Edward Leatherland
Baron Leatherland
Charles Edward Leatherland
John Edward Leatherland
Elizabeth Leatherland
Leatherland
Leatherland
Baron Lea
Charles Leatherland
Charles Leatherland
John Charles
Irene Leatherland
John Leatherland
Leatherland
Leatherland


texts:
<mask>, MBE (13 December 1929 – 5 March 2008) was an English football player, manager and chairman. He lived in Sheffield for the majority of his life, taking roles at both Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield United. He started his football league career with Lincoln City in 1946, but made only two appearances for them before joining Sheffield Wednesday the following year. In his time at Hillsborough he was a prolific goalscorer for Wednesday. Between 1950 and 1953 he scored 62 goals in 61 league games for the Owls, along with one goal from his two FA Cup appearances. His career was cut short when an infected leg had to be amputated following a serious fracture in his last match for the club. Early life
<mask> was born on 13 December 1929 in Pitsmoor, Sheffield.At the time Wednesday were in the process of successfully defending their Division 1 title. Both his mother and father were factory workers. Work commitments had prevented his father from having a trial with Bradford City. He went to Owler Lane School where they played football 2 hours a week. He was put in the senior team at the age of 13. After leaving school at the age of 14 he took a job at a hearing-aid factory and played football for a Sheffield YMCA. 'Pop' Bennett, the manager of the YMCA, wanted to play him at centre-half but Dooley insisted that he would play at centre-forward or not at all.The manager relented and he was played up front where he became a prolific scorer. A year later he was given an opportunity with Lincoln City. Playing career
He was signed for Lincoln as an amateur and still played for the local YMCA. He played for the reserves side for two seasons becoming their top scorer. Towards the end of the 1946–47 season he played two matches for the first team side scoring a goal on each occasion. Lincoln decided to offer him a part-time contract but he declined as he wanted to help Sheffield and Hallamshire County Football Association to the final of Northern Counties Championship. It was at the final that he was spotted by Sheffield Wednesday scout Tommy Walker.A meeting with Eric Taylor, the Wednesday manager, was organised and as his contract with Lincoln had lapsed he was signed immediately. In four years he scored 55 goals in 38 appearances in Wednesday's third team (playing in the Yorkshire League) side and 37 goals in 49 for their reserve side, who played in the Central League. This included 8 goals in a single match. He was given his first chance at first team football in March 1950 against Preston North End. It was the first of two games in the 1949–50 season but he failed impress in either. A poor 1950–51 season led to the Owls being relegated to Division 2 on goal difference. Wednesday's poor form continued the following season winning just three of the first eleven matches.<mask> earned a recall for the next match against Barnsley. He took full advantage of the chance scoring two goals to help Wednesday to a 2–1 victory. This was followed by three matches where he only added a solitary goal but at the beginning of November he found a goal scoring touch that would make him Sheffield Wednesday most prolific scorer of all time. His goal scoring run started with him scoring 22 goals in 9 matches. He went on to score a total of 46 goals in his first season, surpassing the 25-year-old record of 37 goals that was held by Jimmy Trotter. The tally remains a club record to the present day. The season finished with the Owls being promoted back to Division 1 as champions.After a slow start to the 1952–53 season <mask> eventually achieved a respectable 16 goals in 24 games but his career was abruptly ended on 14 February 1953, when he collided with the Preston goalkeeper George Thompson at Deepdale and broke his leg. An x-ray revealed that he sustained a double fracture. As he was preparing to leave hospital the following Monday a nurse noticed that there was no reaction in his toes when touched. When the Orthopedic cast was removed it was found that a small scratch on the back of his leg had become infected. Gangrene had set in and it was decided to amputate his leg. It was rumoured at the time that a chemical from the white touchline marking had got into his injury. Career after playing
After the injury a testimonial was played between a Sheffield XI and a team of internationals.It was attended by 55,000 supporters and raised £7,500. Another £2,700 was donated by local newspapers and £15,000 by a shilling fund held in the city. During the years immediately following the injury he took a job with a firm owned by one of the club directors. He also worked with the Wednesday junior team. He was put in charge of the club's development fund when it was launched in 1962. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1961 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at London's Kings Cross station. Dooley became Sheffield Wednesday manager in January 1971 with the team in the lower half of the Second Division and having just exited the FA Cup.There were 16 games left in the season. Under <mask>'s charge they won 3 matches collecting 11 points leaving them in 15th place at the end of the season. This was followed by another stuttering season that saw them finish just a place higher. The 1972–73 season would prove to be <mask>'s most successful in his short managerial career. Wednesday led the Second Division for a period near the beginning of the season eventually finishing 10th. The highlight of the season was beating First Division Crystal Palace. The next season started badly.The team was badly hit by a virus that affected a total of 16 players between early September and November. The board was radically changed in early December when the chairman and vice-chairman both resigned. Despite a slight improvement in form the new board decided to sack <mask>ley on 24 December 1973. The decision left him bitter about his treatment and it would be almost twenty years before he would set foot in Hillsborough Stadium again. After being sacked by Wednesday he took a job in public relations at a Leeds firm. He was then offered the position of Commercial Manager at the Owls' bitter rivals Sheffield United. He went on to have a variety of roles including the role of managing director before taking on the job of chairman of United's Football Club board.He also co-founded the "Senior Blades Club", with the late George McCabe. Later life

After declining several previous offers he finally accepted an invitation to watch the Sheffield derby at Hillsborough in 1992. There he was given a standing ovation by both sets of fans. He was also made a freeman of the City of Sheffield in 1993. In 2003, he was awarded an MBE in the New Years Honours List. and later the same year an honorary doctorate degree from Sheffield Hallam University. He retired as a Blades chief executive in 1996 but 3 years later he returned to the fold as chairman of the club.At the time United were £4 million in debt and languishing near the bottom of the second tier of English football. Under his chairmanship the club enjoyed a resurgence that saw them return to the Premiership after an absence of 12 years. In April 2006 with the club still celebrating promotion, Dooley announced his resignation of the chairmanship to take up the role of Vice-President. Death

Dooley died at home on 5 March 2008. Both Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield United opened their own books of condolence the following day. United announced on 6 March 2008 that they will be naming their new youth academy after their former chairman. The following day the Blades announced that they would also be commissioning a statue of <mask>, which would be placed to the rear of the South Stand at Bramall Lane.There was a minute's silence prior to Wednesday's home game against QPR and Barnsley's FA Cup quarter-final tie against Chelsea on 8 March. <mask>'s funeral took place on 14 March 2008 at Sheffield Cathedral. The cathedral was surrounded by thousands of fans from Sheffield's two major clubs who listened to the service on loudspeakers. Inside, the service was attended by Sir Bobby Charlton, Dickie Bird and former United managers Neil Warnock and Dave Bassett, both of whom read eulogies. Following the service a police motorbike outrider led the funeral cortège to a private service at a city crematorium. Permanent tributes
In 2008, the Council decided to rename part of the ring road as <mask> Way, a move supported by his widow, Sylvia. In 2010, a statue of <mask> was erected at the Bramall Lane home of Sheffield United, to commemorate his service to the club.References

Further reading

1929 births
2008 deaths
English footballers
English football managers
Lincoln City F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers
Sheffield United F.C. directors and chairmen
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People associated with Sheffield Hallam University
Footballers from Sheffield
Association football forwards
People from Pitsmoor

masks:
Derek Dooley
Derek Dooley
Dooley
Dooley
Dooley
Dooley
Derek Doo
Dooley
Dooley
Derek Dooley
Dooley


texts:
<mask><mask> (born 12 October 1957), also known as <mask>, is Distinguished Research Professor at James Cook University, Australia and has been elected as a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He has received an Australian Laureate Fellowship from the Australian Research Council. He held the Prince Bernhard Chair for International Nature Conservation at Utrecht University, Netherlands from 2010 to 2014. Early life
<mask><mask> grew up in the western US, in Oregon and Idaho. He initially aspired to direct his own zoo, but later turned to ecology and conservation biology. Since he was interested in nature conservation, he decided in the early 1980s to study imperiled tropical forests for his PhD. During this time, he also became involved in some heated conservation issues in Australia and elsewhere.Professional career
<mask> has published eight books and over 700 scientific and popular articles. These include two edited volumes, as well as analyses of conservation-policy challenges in the Brazilian Amazon, Gabon, Southeast Asia, and New Guinea. He has also synthesized changing trends, new initiatives, and major debates in tropical conservation science and policy. He is among the most highly cited scientists globally in the fields of ecology and environmental science. His works have been cited more than 75,000 times, and his Hirsch's h index of 136  (as per July 2021) is among the highest of any environmental scientist in the world. He has published more than three dozen papers to date in Science and Nature. He has conducted long-term research across the world's tropics, from the Amazon Basin to the Asia-Pacific region and Congo Basin.In his long-term studies of habitat fragmentation in the Amazon Basin, he introduced concepts, including "biomass collapse", the "hyperdynamism hypothesis", the "landscape-divergence hypothesis", the large spatial scale of some edge effects, the key role of matrix tolerance in determining species' responses to fragmentation, and the importance of synergisms between fragmentation and other environmental insults. His scientific interests include assessing the impacts of deforestation, logging, hunting, wildfires, road expansion, and climatic change on tropical ecosystems and biodiversity. <mask> has also studied the drivers of global amphibian declines; quantifying the threats to tropical protected areas; evaluating potential effects of global atmospheric changes on the species composition, dynamics; and carbon storage of intact tropical forests; and understanding how droughts affect tropical tree communities. <mask> is also involved with the Environmental Leadership and Training Initiative, a $15 million program run by Yale University and the Smithsonian Institution to train environmental decision-makers across Latin America and Southeast Asia. <mask> also writes in popular magazines about environmental policies in the tropics. Awards and honours

His awards include the 2008 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology (co-winner with Thomas Lovejoy), the Heineken Environment Prize, and a Distinguished Service Award from the Society for Conservation Biology. Cassowary Prize for Tropical Research and Conservation, 2018
  Elected Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, 2015.Outstanding Contributions to Nature Conservation, Zoological Society of London, 2015. The Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and A. H. Heineken Foundation, 2012. Distinguished Service Award, Society for Conservation Biology, 2011. Six-time recipient of the Faculty of 1000 Selection for Outstanding Articles. Four-time winner of Australia's Best Science Writing Prize. Top 50-most cited papers in Biological Conservation. Australian Laureate Fellowship, 2010
 Distinguished Alumni Award, Boise State University, USA, 2010.BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Ecology and Conservation Biology Award (co-winner with Thomas Lovejoy), 2008
 Highly Cited Researcher Award, ISI Thompson Scientific, 2007, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019
 Outstanding Paper of the Year, International Association of Landscape Ecologists, 2006

Fellowships and councils
 President-elect, President, and Past-president, Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, 2005–2007
 Honorary Fellow of the World Innovation Foundation, 2005
 John A. Erskine Fellow, University of Canterbury, New Zealand, 2005
 Executive Council, Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, 2004–2005
 Elected Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2003
 Executive Council, Australian Mammal Society, 1994–1996

Conservation and public outreach
In 2013 <mask> founded ALERT—the Alliance of Leading Environmental Researchers & Thinkers. This organization, which <mask> leads, is engaged in scientific and conservation advocacy and currently reaches 1-2 million readers each week using a range of social-media platforms. <mask> has also been involved in scores of conservation initiatives via his involvement with professional scientific societies, including the Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Society for Conservation Biology, and American Society of Mammalogists. These include his efforts to:
 Oppose new roads and oil projects inside Ecuadorian protected areas
 Reduce illegal gold mining in the Guiana Shield of northern South America
 Slow the pace of Amazon deforestation
 Limit rapid expansion of industrial logging in Guyana
 Applaud the designation of new protected areas in Gabon
 Reduce logging and mining encroachment into the Rio Caura basin of Venezuela
 Halt illegal colonization of protected areas in central Amazonia
 Support a new national park in the imperiled Cerro Chucantí region of Panama
 Promote designation of the "Heart of Borneo" network of protected areas
 Oppose tropical deforestation for expansion of biofuel feedstocks
 Improve the environmental role of the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil
 Promote international carbon emission trading for forest conservation
 Decry the rapid conversion of subtropical forests in China for rubber plantations
 Oppose clearing of threatened tropical dry forests in Mexico
 Urge China to reduce its massive trade in illegal tropical timber
 Support new legislation to halt imports of illegal timber into Australia

References

External links
 Official website of the Laurance laboratory

1957 births
Living people
American conservationists
Educators from Oregon
James Cook University faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Winners of the Heineken Prize
Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science

masks:
William F
. Laurance
Bill Laurance
William F
. Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance
Laurance


texts:
<mask> (11 November 1888 – 19 March 1982), popularly known as <mask>, was an Indian politician, noted particularly for holding the presidency of the Indian National Congress during the transfer of power in 1947 and the husband of Sucheta Kripalani. Kripalani was an environmentalist, mystic and independence activist who was long a Gandhian socialist, before joining the economically right wing Swatantra Party later in life

He grew close to Gandhi and at one point, he was one of Gandhi's most ardent disciples. He had served as the General Secretary of the INC for almost a decade. He had experience working in the field of education and was made the president to rebuild the INC. Disputes between the party and the Government over procedural matters affected his relationship with the colleagues in the Government. Kripalani was a familiar figure to generations of dissenters, from the Non-Cooperation Movements of the 1920s to the Emergency of the 1970s. Early life

<mask> (also spelled <mask>) <mask> was born in Hyderabad in Sindh in 1888. Following his education at Fergusson College in Pune, he worked as a schoolteacher before joining the freedom movement in the wake of Gandhi's return from South Africa.From 1912 to 1917 Kripalani worked as a lecturer of English and history at L.S. College (then known as Grier BB College), Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Kripalani was involved in the Non-Cooperation Movement of the early 1920s. He worked in Gandhi's ashrams in Gujarat and Maharashtra on tasks of social reform and education, and later left for Bihar and the United Provinces in northern India to teach and organise new ashrams. He courted arrested on numerous occasions during the Civil Disobedience movements and smaller occasions of organising protests and publishing seditious material against the British Raj. Congress leader
<mask> joined the All India Congress Committee and became its general secretary in 1928–29. Kripalani was prominently involved over a decade in top Congress party affairs, and in the organisation of the Salt Satyagraha and the Quit India Movement.Kripalani served in the interim government of India (1946–1947) and the Constituent Assembly of India. During this time he rejected the proposal of United Bengal from Abul Hashim and Sarat <mask> and called for the division of Bengal and the Punjab. He had served as the General Secretary of the INC for 12 years. He had experience working in the field of education and was made the president to rebuild the INC. Disputes between the party and the Government over procedural matters affected his relationship with the colleagues in the Government. As Congress President and the election of 1950

In spite of being ideologically at odds with both Vallabhbhai Patel and <mask> Nehru – he was elected Congress President for the crucial years around Indian independence in 1947. After Gandhi's assassination in January 1948, Nehru rejected his demand that the party's views should be sought in all decisions. Nehru, with the support of Patel, told Kripalani that while the party was entitled to lay down the broad principles and guidelines, it could not be granted a say in the government's day-to-day affairs.This precedent became central to the relationship between government and the ruling party in subsequent decades. Nehru, however, supported <mask> in the election of the Congress President in 1950. <mask>, supported by Nehru, was defeated by Patel's candidate Purushottam Das Tandon. Bruised by his defeat, and disillusioned by what he viewed as the abandonment of the Gandhian ideal of a countless village republics, <mask> left the Congress and became one of the founders of the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party. This party subsequently merged with the Socialist Party of India to form the Praja Socialist Party. For a while it was even believed that Nehru, stung by the defeat, was considering abandoning the Congress as well; his several offers of resignation at the time were all, however, shouted down. A great many of the more progressive elements of the party left in the months following the election.Congress's subsequent bias to the right was only balanced when Nehru obtained the resignation of Tandon in the run-up to the general elections of 1951. 1961 Candidacy

In October 1961, <mask> contested the Lok Sabha seat of V. K. Krishna Menon, then serving as Minister of Defence, in a race that would come to attract extraordinary amounts of attention. The Sunday Standard observed of it that "no political campaign in India has ever been so bitter or so remarkable for the nuances it produced". <mask>, who had previously endorsed Menon's foreign policy, devoted himself to attacking his vituperative opponent's personality, but ultimately lost the race, with Menon winning in a landslide. Socialist Party
Kripalani remained in opposition for the rest of his life and was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1952 (lost General Election in February 1952 from  Faizabad against Lallanji, UP, as KMPP candidate, but won a bye-election as PSP candidate from  Bhagalpur), 1957 (from Sitamarhi, Bihar as PSP candidate), 1963, and 1967 (by-poll in Guna in MP as Swatantra Party candidate). His wife since 1938, Sucheta <mask>, briefly joined KMPP founded by him in 1951, but later returned to Congress, and went from strength to strength in the Congress Party, with several Central ministries; she was also the first female Chief Minister, in Uttar Pradesh. When Congress split in 1969, Sucheta <mask> became part of Congress (Org), led by Nijalingappa and Morarji Desai.The Kripalanis were frequently at loggerheads in Parliament. One matter they agreed on was the undesirability of vast parts of the Hindu Marriage Act, particularly the controversial 'Restitution of Conjugal Rights' clause. By this clause, a partner who had survived an unsuccessful filing for divorce could move the courts to return to the status quo ante in terms of conjugal interaction. Kripalani, horrified, made one of his most memorable speeches, saying "this provision is physically undesirable, morally unwanted and aesthetically disgusting." Kripalani was also concerned with the privilege of parliament over the press. During Nehru's premiership, the Lok Sabha called the Chief Editor of the weekly Blitz, the well-known Russi Karanjia to the bar and admonished him for "denigration and defamation of a member of parliament" for calling Kripalani, "Cripple-loony". This was despite Karanjia's closeness to and <mask>'s estrangement from, Nehru.Kripalani moved the first-ever No confidence motion on the floor of the Lok Sabha in August 1963, immediately after the disastrous India-China War. Later life
Kripalani remained a critic of Nehru's policies and administration while working for social and environmental causes. While remaining active in electoral politics, Kripalani gradually became more of a spiritual leader of the socialists than anything else; in particular, he was generally considered to be, along with Vinoba <mask>, the leader of what remained of the Gandhian faction. He was active, along with <mask>, in preservation and conservation activities throughout the 1970s. In 1972-3, he agitated against the increasingly authoritarian rule of Nehru's daughter Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India. Kripalani and <mask> Narayan felt that Gandhi's rule had become dictatorial and anti-democratic. Her conviction on charges of using government machinery for her election campaign galvanised her political opposition and public disenchantment against her policies.Along with <mask> Narayan, Kripalani toured the country urging non-violent protest and civil disobedience. When the Emergency was declared as a result of the vocal dissent he helped stir up, the octogenarian Kripalani was among the first of the Opposition leaders to be arrested on the night of 26 June 1975. He lived long enough to survive the Emergency and see the first non-Congress government since Independence following the Janata Party victory in the 1977 polls. He and <mask> Narayan, two seniors guiding lights, were requested to choose the parliamentary leader of the new party who would be the prime minister, and they chose Morarji Desai. <mask> Narayan, in wheel-chair, administered a pledge at Raj Ghat to new members of parliament that they will honour the mandate and remain united. Acharya <mask> died on 19 March 1982 at the Civil Hospital in Ahmedabad, at the age of 93. In the 1982 film Gandhi by Richard Attenborough, J.B. Kripalani was played by Indian actor Anang Desai.His autobiography My Times was released 22 years after his death by Rupa publishers in 2004. In the book, he accused his fellow members of Congress (except Ram Manohar Lohia, Mahatma Gandhi, and Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan) of "moral cowardice" for accepting or submitting to plan to partition India. A stamp was issued on 11 November 1989 by the Indian Postal Department to commemorate the 101st anniversary of his birth. Trivia
Acharya Kripalani was born on the same day as Maulana Azad, who also was a prominent freedom fighter. Kripalani succeeded the latter as the President of the Indian National Congress at the Meerut session in 1946. See also
 Indian Nationalism, Gandhism, Indian Independence Movement
 Indian National Congress, Indian Emergency

Biography
<mask> Rai, Shaswat Vidrohi Rajneta: Acharya J.B<mask>, National Book Trust, India, 2013. References

Indian independence activists
Sindhi people
Presidents of the Indian National Congress
Janata Party politicians
1888 births
1982 deaths
Members of the Constituent Assembly of India
Prisoners and detainees of British India
1st Lok Sabha members
2nd Lok Sabha members
3rd Lok Sabha members
4th Lok Sabha members
Gandhians
Praja Socialist Party politicians
Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)
Swatantra Party politicians

masks:
Jivatram Bhagwandas Kripalani
Acharya Kripalani
Jivatram
Jiwatram
Bhagwandas Kripalani
Kripalani
Bose
Jawaharlal
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Kripalani
Bhave
Bhave
Jayaprakash
Jayaprakash
Jayaprakash
Jayaprakash
Kripalani
Ram Bahadur
. Kripalani


texts:
<mask> (born December 27, 1979) is an American journalist and author who has focused his career in court reporting, investigative journalism, and adventure stories. He is also a leader of several prominent progressive political campaigns. Early life and education
<mask> attended the Chadwick School in Los Angeles County, California, and graduated from Reed College with a degree in biology in 2003. As a student at Reed, <mask> served on the editorial board of the Reed College Quest, a student-run newspaper. In March 2002 he wrote an opinion piece in The Oregonian ("The drug Olympics") condemning competitive use of drugs like gamma-hydroxybutyric acid, or GHB, at the school. He was the target of numerous threats within the Reed College community, and he was both adversely criticized and also praised in letters to the Oregonian. <mask> interned for the Portland weekly Just Out while at Reed, delivering the paper and fact-checking telephone numbers.He also interned for the Portland bureau of the Associated Press and The Springfield News. He went on to work as a journalist in Eastern Idaho. Career

Journalism
In 2006, <mask> was the lead writer of a controversial multi-part story, Scouts' Honor, in the Idaho Falls Post Register about the coverup of a multi-state child molestation case involving at least two dozen minors and the Boy Scouts of America in Idaho. He was accused of having a bias against the Boy Scouts of America and the LDS Church because of his sexual orientation. For work on the series, <mask> received the 2006 Livingston Award and the 2007 C.B. Blethen Award, and the Post-Register won the Scripps Foundation's 2005 National Journalism Awards for distinguished service to the First Amendment. After the story was published, <mask> became the target of personal attacks on the basis of his sexual orientation.<mask> was profiled in a September 25, 2007, documentary, "In A Small Town," broadcast in the PBS series, Exposé: America's Investigative Reports. The documentary was a nominated for an Emmy Award. A profile about <mask> in Harvard University's Nieman Foundation for Journalism report about courage in journalism won the 2007 Mirror Award for best coverage of breaking news, and he appeared on The Rachel Maddow Show. After moving back to Oregon, <mask> continued to investigate the Boy Scouts of America and the LDS church while working for The Oregonian. In this article, Men Sue Scouts, Mormon Church, six men allege a former troop leader and church teacher abused them and seek $25 million in compensation as the LDS church failed to thoroughly investigate, report the abuse to law enforcement, provide mental health services to victims or remove the abuser from contact with children once it learned about the abuse. <mask> later changed his reporting to focus on stories that had more of an environmental bent. For example, he wrote about the Forest Service loosening its environmental standards so a gas corporation can clear cut through old growth in the Mount Hood National Forest to make way for an LNG pipeline.In 2020, <mask> and his journalism were the subject of a documentary, "Church and the Fourth Estate," a retrospective about his reporting in Idaho, attempts to stop that reporting, and what happened to the people involved. The documentary premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Non-fiction author
In January 2009, <mask> took a leave from The Oregonian to work on a "dream book project" after his partner, Sam Adams, was elected mayor of Portland. While researching the book, <mask> nearly died while traveling through remote regions of Nepal and ingesting a "half plant, half animal" caterpillar fungus. The book, Buried in the Sky, co-written with Amanda Padoan, tells the true adventure story of the 2008 K2 disaster from the perspective of Sherpas and Pakistani high-altitude porters. The book was published on June 11, 2012 in the United States and Canada by W.W. Norton & Company. Reviews are positive.Outside magazine described it as "easily the most riveting and important mountaineering book of the past decade." The Wall Street Journal described it as "enthralling." Men's Journal called it "an indispensable addition to the genre," and many publications, such as The Boston Globe, favorably compared it to Into Thin Air. The book was awarded the 2012 NCTE George Orwell Award, the Banff Mountain Book Festival Award for mountain history, the National Outdoor Book Award for History., the Independent Publishers Association award for general non-fiction, and the American Society of Journalists and Author's Outstanding Book Award for general non-fiction. In 2019, Outside Magazine chose "Buried in the Sky" as part of a "Contemporary Adventure Canon" made up of the best contemporary adventure books of all time. <mask> has received numerous journalism awards, including the Livingston Award, the National Journalism Award and the C.B. Blethen Award

<mask> has visited and taught at Poynter Institute, University of Georgia and the University of Southern California.He is currently an adjunct fellow at the Attic Institute writing workshop and a resident at the Falcon Art Community. Political campaigns
In 2013, <mask> became the press secretary for Oregon United for Marriage, the campaign to legalize same-sex marriage in Oregon, and for Oregon United Against Discrimination, a related campaign organized to defeat an anti-gay ballot measure. The anti-gay measure would have created an exception to Oregon's anti-discrimination law, allowing businesses deny service because of their sexual orientation or gender identity. During the marriage campaign, support for gay marriage increased by 14 points, volunteers collected 160,000 signatures to put gay marriage on the ballot, and the marriage campaign raised $3 million. Later that year, <mask> went on to become the communications director for New Approach Oregon / Yes on 91, the campaign to legalize recreational use of marijuana in Oregon (Measure 91). The campaign followed perennial, unsuccessful efforts to legalize marijuana by ballot initiative, including in 1986 and in 2012, which made it to the ballot, but voters had rejected. Marijuana legalization in Oregon passed with 56 percent of the vote, making Oregon the third state to legalize marijuana.Drug policy advocates described the victory as a major turning point in the drug reform movement. In 2016, <mask> directed communications for 2016 Oregon Ballot Measure 98, to provide more funding for education. The initiative, allocated $150 million a year into the schools to improve Oregon's graduation rate, won with 65% of the vote. In 2018, <mask> directed communications for the No on 105 campaign to protect Oregon's anti-discrimination law (No on 105). The No on 105 campaign was victorious, receiving 63% of the vote. Since 2019, <mask> has been working as the campaign manager for the Drug Addiction Treatment and Recovery Act to decriminalize drug possession and expand drug treatment, paying for it with existing taxes on legal marijuana sales. In 2020 during the pandemic, the campaign gathered 143,000 signatures, enough to qualify the initiative for the ballot and become Measure 110.The campaign raised $5.4 million and won endorsements from more than 140 organizations. Measure 110 passed with 59% of the vote, making Oregon the first state in the U.S. to decriminalize all drugs, including hard drugs. A similar effort to decriminalize drugs in Ohio had failed. The New York Times described the victory in Oregon as "one of the most radical drug-law overhauls in the nation's history," and The Intercept called it the "biggest step yet to ending the war on drugs." Measure 110 is expected to generate $100 million in additional money for drug treatment in Oregon, which is four times more than the state currently spends outside of Medicaid and the criminal justice system. Personal life

<mask>'s partner is Sam Adams, the former mayor of Portland, Oregon. See also
 List of LGBT people from Portland, Oregon

References

1980 births
Living people
Journalists from Portland, Oregon
LGBT writers from the United States
Reed College alumni
LGBT journalists from the United States
The Oregonian people
Livingston Award winners for Local Reporting
LGBT people from Oregon

masks:
Peter Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Teaching Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman
Zuckerman


texts:
<mask> (28 November 1876 – 9 August 1946) was a South African cricketer. A leading all-rounder skilled both at batting and bowling, <mask> played cricket in South Africa prior to becoming eligible to play for Middlesex County Cricket Club in England after serving on the ground staff of the Marylebone Cricket Club at Lord's. He rose to prominence during the 1906 home Test series and then in England the following year: he was described during the latter as the best bowler in the world by Tip Foster, and named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year. Renowned for his exploits on pitches suited to his bowling, <mask> found difficulty touring Australia where harder pitches inhibited his bowling and his batting. He did not play a first-class match following the end of the tour in the spring of 1911. The reasons for him not appearing in the Triangular Tournament in England in 1912 was because he had fallen out with Abe Bailey who was the principle financier of South Africa cricket. Their dispute dated back to the 1910/11 tour of Australia.Career

Early years
<mask> was born in Swartwater, Queenstown, Eastern Cape. He began his cricket career for Natal as an attacking lower order right-handed batsman and fast medium bowler before acquiring the googly from Reggie Schwarz on that player's return from England after the 1904 tour. In the 1904/1905 season Vogler played for Transvaal before in 1905 coming to England with the intention of qualifying for Middlesex. Vogler did not fulfill this intention, however, despite bowling so well in 1906 for MCC that in a very dry summer he took 63 wickets for less than twenty runs apiece, including nine for 44 against the West Indian tourists. In between these two seasons for MCC, <mask> had played in the 1905/1906 Test series against England and had been extremely difficult against a second-string English team for South Africa, though he had few opportunities because of the form of Schwarz, Jimmy Sinclair and Tip Snooke. His batting, however, showed such development that he scored 62 not out going in last. Only Asif Masood since then has top scored in a Test innings batting at number eleven.Development as an all-rounder
Returning again to South Africa to play for his third domestic team in Eastern Province, <mask> scored 505 runs at an average of 36 per innings, but he set a domestic season record with fifty-five wickets in nine games for the amazing average of 10.54. By this time, Vogler had improved upon the methods of Bosanquet and Schwarz, being able not only to at a faster pace disguise which way he was turning the ball, but to flight it with skill so that it would do things in the air that batsmen could not predict. Against Griqualand West in the 1906–07 Currie Cup, Vogler put in an all-round performance. Eastern Province batted upon winning the toss, and <mask> second top-scored with 79 to help his team to 403 all out. He then took 6/12 from ten overs as Griqualand West collapsed to 51 all out, and were asked to follow on. In the second innings, <mask> took all ten wickets for 26 runs, and Griqualand West were dismissed for 51 once more. Eastern Province finished as victors by an innings and 301 runs.<mask>'s 10/26 remains the best first-class innings return ever achieved in South Africa, while his match figures of 16/38 have never been beaten for Eastern Province. Wisden Cricketer of the Year
In 1907, <mask> went to England with one of the best bowling sides to tour that country, and did well in a summer of soft wickets which took all the spin he could get on the ball. Although he did not do as well as Schwarz or Gordon White in average, Tip Foster, a premier Worcestershire batsman playing semi-regularly for the only time after 1901, thought that Vogler was the most difficult bowler in the world. <mask> was named as a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1908, and when these statistics were posthumously compiled became the earliest South African to be named a Wisden Leading Cricketer in the World. Although Vogler did not play any cricket after this until the 1908/1909 South African season, on the matting pitches the following season he reached his highest point against England with thirty-six wickets in the five Tests for 21.75 each, and fifty-eight for 19.12 in all matches against the tourists. Vogler also hit to that point the fastest fifty in the history of Test cricket, hitting George Thompson for 22 in a single over. Fall in Australia, and retirement
However, the following season Vogler's reputation suffered.Touring Australia for the first time as a requirement to all for the proposed Triangular Tournament on 1912, Vogler could not cope with the extremely hard Australian pitches which allowed him no bite with which to spin the ball, nor with the instructions of Australia's captain Warwick Armstrong to hit the googly bowlers off their length at any cost. So ineffective was Vogler that he was left out of two of the Tests and took four wickets in the three he did play – and this in spite of the fact that two games were played on pitches affected by rain. He also failed as a batsman, averaging only nine an innings as against 21 in England in 1907 on much more difficult pitches. Vogler never played first class cricket again. Moving to the British Isles on business, he did however play for a number of clubs in Scotland and Ireland until after World War I, and played one final first class match for the Woodbrook Club and Ground against his old teammates in 1912. He died in August 1946 from lobar pneumonia and brain disease. Notes

References

1876 births
1946 deaths
People from Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality
Cape Colony people
White South African people
Eastern Province cricketers
Gauteng cricketers
KwaZulu-Natal cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
South Africa Test cricketers
South African cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World
Cricketers who have taken ten wickets in an innings
Woodbrook Club and Ground cricketers
S. H. Cochrane's XI cricketers

masks:
Albert Edward Ernest Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler
Vogler