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<mask> (born 28 October 1930) is a British business magnate. He is the former chief executive of the Formula One Group, which manages Formula One motor racing and controls the commercial rights to the sport, and part-owns Delta Topco, the previous ultimate parent company of the Formula One Group. As such, he was commonly described in journalism as the 'F1 Supremo'. <mask> entered two Grand Prix races as a driver, during the 1958 season, but failed to qualify for either of them. Later he became manager of drivers Stuart Lewis-Evans and Jochen Rindt. In 1972, he bought the Brabham team, which he ran for 15 years. As a team owner he became a member of the Formula One Constructors Association.His control of the sport, which grew from his pioneering the sale of television rights in the late 1970s, was chiefly financial, but under the terms of the Concorde Agreement he and his companies also managed the administration, setup and logistics of each Formula One Grand Prix, making him one of the richest men in the United Kingdom. On 23 January 2017, it was announced that <mask> had been replaced by Chase Carey as chief executive of the Formula One Group. <mask> was appointed as chairman emeritus and acted as an adviser to the board. <mask> and business partner Flavio Briatore also owned the English football club Queens Park Rangers between 2007 and 2011. Early life
<mask> was born in St Peter, South Elmham on 28 October 1930, a hamlet three miles south of Bungay, Suffolk. He was the son of <mask>, a fisherman, whose family had moved from Kent in the early 20th century to work in Norwich's painting industry, and his wife Bertha. <mask> attended primary school in Wissett before the family moved to Danson Road, Bexleyheath, South East London, in 1938.He was not evacuated to the countryside during the Second World War and remained with his family. <mask> left Dartford West Central Secondary School at the age of 16 to work as an assistant in the chemical laboratory at the local gasworks testing gas purity. He also studied chemistry at Woolwich Polytechnic and pursued his hobby of motorcycles. Motorsports career

Early career
Immediately after the end of World War II, <mask> went into business trading in spare parts for motorcycles, and formed the Compton & Ecclestone motorcycle dealership with Fred Compton. His first racing experience came in 1949 in the 500cc Formula 3 Series, acquiring a Cooper Mk V in 1951. He drove only a limited number of races, mainly at his local circuit, Brands Hatch, but achieved a number of good placings and an occasional win. He initially retired from racing following several accidents at Brands Hatch, intending to focus on his business interests.Team ownership

After his accident, <mask> temporarily left racing to make a number of eventually lucrative investments in property and loan financing and to manage the Weekend Car Auctions firm. He returned to racing in 1957 as manager of driver Stuart Lewis-Evans, and purchased two chassis from the disbanded Connaught Formula One team. <mask> even tried, unsuccessfully, to qualify a car himself at Monaco in 1958, although this has since been described as "not a serious attempt". He also entered the British Grand Prix, but the car was raced by Jack Fairman. He continued to manage Lewis-Evans when he moved to the Vanwall team; Salvadori moved on to manage the Cooper team. Lewis-Evans suffered severe burns when his engine exploded at the 1958 Moroccan Grand Prix and died six days later; <mask> was shocked and once again retired from racing. His friendship with Salvadori led to his becoming manager of driver Jochen Rindt and a partial owner of Rindt's 1970 Lotus Formula 2 team, whose other driver was Graham Hill.Rindt, on his way to the 1970 World Championship, died in a crash at the Monza circuit, though he was awarded the championship posthumously. Brabham
During the 1971 season, Ecclestone was approached by Ron Tauranac, owner of the Brabham team, who was looking for a suitable business partner. Ecclestone made him an offer of £100,000 for the whole team, which Tauranac eventually accepted. The Australian stayed on as designer and to run the factory. Colin Seeley was briefly brought in against Tauranac's wishes to assist in design and management. <mask> and Tauranac were both dominant personalities and Tauranac left Brabham early in the 1972 season. The team achieved little during 1972, as <mask> moulded the team to fit his vision of a Formula One team.He abandoned the highly successful customer car production business established by Jack Brabham and Tauranac – reasoning that to compete at the very front in Formula One you must concentrate all of your resources there. For the 1973 season, Ecclestone promoted Gordon Murray to chief designer. The young South African produced the triangular cross-section BT42, the first of a series of Ford-powered cars with which the Brabham team would take several victories in 1974 and 1975 with Carlos Reutemann and Carlos Pace. Despite the increasing success of Murray's nimble Ford-powered cars, Ecclestone signed a deal with Alfa Romeo to use its powerful but heavy flat-12 engine from the 1976 season. Although this was financially beneficial, the new BT45s were unreliable and the Alfa engines rendered them significantly overweight. The 1976 and 1977 seasons saw Brabham fall towards the back of the field again, before winning two races again in the 1978 season when Ecclestone signed the Austrian double world champion Niki Lauda, intrigued by Murray's radical BT46 design. The Brabham-Alfa era ended in 1979, the team's first season with the up-and-coming young Brazilian Nelson Piquet when Alfa Romeo started testing its own Formula One car during that season.This prompted Ecclestone to revert to Cosworth DFV engines – a move Murray described as "like having a holiday". Piquet formed a close and long-lasting relationship with Ecclestone and the team, losing the title after a narrow battle with Alan Jones in 1980 and eventually winning in 1981 and 1983. In the summer of 1981 Brabham had tested a car powered by a BMW turbo engine, and 1982's new BT50 was powered by BMW's turbocharged four-cylinder M10. Brabham continued to run the Ford-powered BT49D in the early part of the season while reliability and driveability issues were sorted out by BMW and its technical partner Bosch. Ecclestone and BMW came close to splitting before the turbo car duly took its first win at the 1982 Canadian Grand Prix but the partnership took the first turbo-powered world championship in 1983. The team continued to be competitive until 1985. At the end of the year, Piquet left after seven years.He was unhappy with the money that Ecclestone was willing to offer him and went to Williams where he would win his third championship. The following year, Murray, who since 1973 had designed cars that had scored 22 GP wins, left Brabham to join McLaren. Brabham continued under Ecclestone's leadership to the end of the 1987 season, in which the team scored only eight points. BMW withdrew from Formula One after the 1987 season. Having bought the team from Ron Tauranac for approximately $120,000 at the end of 1971, Ecclestone eventually sold it for over US$5 million to a Swiss businessman, Joachim Luhti in 1988. Formula One executive

In parallel to his activities as team owner, Ecclestone formed the Formula One Constructors Association (FOCA) in 1974 with Frank Williams, Colin Chapman, Teddy Mayer, Ken Tyrrell, and Max Mosley. He became increasingly involved with his roles at FISA and the FOCA in the 1970s, in particular with negotiating the sport's television rights, in his decades-long advocacy for team control.Ecclestone became chief executive of FOCA in 1978 with Mosley as his legal adviser; together, they negotiated a series of legal issues with the FIA and Jean-Marie Balestre, culminating in Ecclestone's famous coup, his securing the right for FOCA to negotiate television contracts for the Grands Prix. For this purpose Ecclestone established Formula One Promotions and Administration, giving 47% of television revenues to teams, 30% to the FIA, and 23% to FOPA (i.e. <mask>lestone's companies, teams, and the FIA in the late 1990s, but <mask> emerged on top again in 1997 when he negotiated the fourth Concorde Agreement: in exchange for annual payments, he maintained the television rights. Also in 1978, Ecclestone hired Sid Watkins as official Formula One medical doctor. Following the crash at the 1978 Italian Grand Prix, Watkins demanded that Ecclestone provide better safety measures, which were provided at the next race. This way, Formula One began to improve safety, decreasing the number of deaths and serious injuries along the decades.At the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, following Ayrton Senna's fatal accident but while Senna was still alive, Ecclestone inadvertently misinformed Senna's family that Senna had died. <mask> had used a walkie-talkie to ask Sid Watkins - who was at the crash scene - about Senna's condition. Over the static of the walkie-talkie, Ecclestone misheard Watkins' response of "His head" as "He's dead". Based on this, Ecclestone told Senna's brother Leonardo, who was attending the race, that Senna had died. Senna in fact remained biologically alive for several more hours. This misunderstanding caused a rift in the hitherto friendly relations between Ecclestone and the Senna family; although <mask> travelled to Sâo Paulo at the time of Senna's funeral, he did not attend the funeral itself, instead watching it on television at his hotel. Despite heart surgery and triple coronary bypass in 1999, Ecclestone remained as energetic as always in promoting his own business interests.In the late 1990s he reduced his share in SLEC Holdings (owner of the various F1 managing firms) to 25%, though despite his minority share he retained complete control of the companies. Ecclestone came under fire in October 2004 when he and British Racing Drivers' Club president Jackie Stewart were unable to come to terms regarding the future British Grand Prix, causing the race to be dropped from the 2005 provisional season calendar. Negotiations with Ecclestone to keep the race in Formula One ended in the signing of a contract on 9 December to guarantee the continuation of the British Grand Prix for the following five years. In mid-November 2004, the three banks comprising Speed Investments, which owns a 75% share in SLEC, which in turn controls Formula One – Bayerische Landesbank, J.P. Morgan Chase, and Lehman Brothers – sued Ecclestone for more control over the sport, prompting speculation that Ecclestone might altogether lose the control he had maintained for more than 30 years. A two-day hearing began on 23 November. After the proceedings ended the following day, Justice Andrew Park announced his intention to reserve ruling for several weeks. On 6 December 2004, Park read his verdict, stating that "In [his] judgment it is clear that Speed's contentions are correct and [he] should therefore make the declarations which it requests."However, <mask>lestone offered the teams a total of £260,000,000 over three years in return for unanimous renewal of the Concorde Agreement, which expired in 2008. Two weeks later, Gerhard Gribkowsky, a board member of Bayerische Landesbank and the chairman of SLEC, said that the banks had no intention to remove <mask> from his position of control. Ecclestone saw 14 of 20 cars pull out of the 2005 United States Grand Prix at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. The seven teams which refused to participate, stating concern over the safety of their Michelin tyres, requested rule changes and/or a change to the track configuration. Despite a series of meetings between Ecclestone, Max Mosley, and the team principals, no compromise was reached by race time, and Ecclestone became an object of the public's frustration at the resultant six-car race.Despite him not having caused the problem, fans and journalists blamed him for failing to take control and enforce a solution, given the position of power in which he had placed himself. On 25 November 2005 CVC Capital Partners announced it was to purchase both the Ecclestone shares of the Formula One Group (25% of SLEC) and Bayerische Landesbank's 48% share (held through Speed Investments). This left Alpha Prema owning 71.65% of the Formula One Group. Ecclestone used the proceeds of this sale to purchase a stake in this new company (the exact ratio of the CVC/Ecclestone shareholding is unknown). On 6 December Alpha Prema acquired JP Morgan's share of SLEC to increase its ownership of Formula One to 86%; the remaining 14% was held by Lehman Brothers. On 21 March 2006 the EU competition authorities approved the transaction subject to CVC selling Dorna, which controls the rights to MotoGP. CVC announced the completion of the transaction on 28 March.CVC acquired Lehman Brothers' share at the end of March 2006. On 21 July 2007, Ecclestone announced in the media that he would be open to discussing the purchase of Arsenal Football Club. As a close friend to former director of Arsenal David Dein, it was believed that the current board of the north London–based football club would prefer to sell to a British party, this after American-based investment company KSE headed by Stan Kroenke was thought to be preparing a £650 million takeover bid for Arsenal Holdings plc. The revenue sharing with the various teams, the Concorde Agreement, expired on the last day of 2007, and the contract with the FIA expired on the last day of 2012. After the loss of Silverstone as the venue for the British Grand Prix in 2008, Ecclestone came under fire from several high-profile names for his handling of Formula One's revenues. Damon Hill blamed Formula One Management as a key factor in the loss of the event: "There's always

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 been the question of the FOM fee, and ultimately that is the deciding factor. To quote <mask>, he once said: 'You can have anything you like, as long as you pay too much for it,' but we can't pay too much for something ...The problem is money goes out and away. There's a question whether that money even returns to Formula One." Flavio Briatore also criticised FOM: "Nowadays Ecclestone takes 50% of all revenues, but we are supposed to be able to reduce our costs by 50%". Ecclestone was removed from his position as chief executive of Formula One Group on 23 January 2017, following its takeover by Liberty Media in 2016. Other activities
In 1996, Ecclestone's International Sportsworld Communicators signed a 14-year agreement with the FIA for the exclusive broadcasting rights for 18 FIA championships. In 1999, the European Commission investigated FIA, ISC and FOA for abusing dominant position and restricting competition. As a result, in early 2000 the ISC and FIA made a new agreement to reduce the number of rights packages to two, the World Rally and Regional Rally Championships.In April 2000 Ecclestone sold ISC to a group led by David Richards. On 17 June 2005, Ecclestone made American headlines with his reply to a question about Danica Patrick's fourth-place finish at the Indianapolis 500, during an interview with Indianapolis television station WRTV:  "She did a good job, didn't she? Super. Didn't think she'd be able to make it like that. You know, I've got one of these wonderful ideas that women should be all dressed in white like all the other domestic appliances." Following Patrick's 2008 victory at Twin Ring Motegi, Ecclestone personally sent her a congratulatory letter. On 7 January 2010, it was announced that Ecclestone had, together with Genii Capital, submitted a bid for Swedish car brand Saab Automobile.Queens Park Rangers
On 3 September 2007, it was announced that Ecclestone and Flavio Briatore had bought Queens Park Rangers (QPR) Football Club. In December 2007, they were joined as co-owners by businessman Lakshmi Mittal, the fifth richest person in the world, who bought 20% of the club. On 17 December 2010 it was announced that Ecclestone had purchased the majority of shares from Flavio Briatore becoming the majority shareholder with 62% of the shares. It was announced on 18 August 2011 that Ecclestone and Briatore had sold their entire shareholding in the club to Tony Fernandes, known for his ownership of the Caterham Formula 1 team. Controversies

Labour Party controversy
In 1997, Ecclestone was involved in a political controversy over the British Labour Party's policy on tobacco sponsorship. Labour had pledged to ban tobacco advertising in its manifesto ahead of its 1997 general election victory, supporting a proposed European Union Directive banning tobacco advertising and sponsorship. At this time all leading Formula One Teams carried significant branding from tobacco brands.The Labour Party's stance on banning tobacco advertising was reinforced following the election by forceful statements from the Health Secretary Frank Dobson and Minister for Public Health Tessa Jowell. Ecclestone appealed 'over Jowell's head' to Jonathan Powell, Tony Blair's chief of staff, who arranged a meeting with Blair. <mask> and Max Mosley, both Labour Party donors, met Blair on 16 October 1997, where Mosley argued:
"Motor racing was a world class industry which put Britain at the hi-tech edge. Deprived of tobacco money, Formula One would move abroad at the loss of 50,000 jobs, 150,000 part-time jobs and £900 million of exports." On 4 November the "fiercely anti-tobacco Jowell" argued in Brussels for an exemption for Formula One. Media attention initially focused on Labour bending its principles for a "glamour sport" and on the "false trail" of Jowell's husband's links to Benetton. On 6 November correspondents from three newspapers inquired whether Labour had received any donations from <mask>; he had donated £1 million in January 1997.On 11 November Labour promised to return the money on the advice of Sir Patrick Neill. On 17 November, Blair apologised for his government's mishandling of the affair and stated "the decision to exempt Formula One from tobacco sponsorship was taken two weeks later. It was in response to fears that Britain might lose the industry overseas to Asian countries who were bidding for it." In 2008, the year after Blair stepped down as Prime Minister, internal Downing Street memos revealed that in fact the decision had been made at the time of the meeting, and not two weeks later as Blair stated in Parliament. Hitler controversy
In a Times interview published on 4 July 2009, <mask> said "terrible to say this I suppose, but apart from the fact that Hitler got taken away and persuaded to do things that I have no idea whether he wanted to do or not, he was – in the way that he could command a lot of people – able to get things done." According to <mask>: "If you have a look at a democracy it hasn't done a lot of good for many countries — including this one", in reference to the United Kingdom. He also said that his friend of 40 years Max Mosley, the son of British fascist leader Oswald Mosley, "would do a super job" as Prime Minister and added "I don't think his background would be a problem."Stephen Pollard, editor of The Jewish Chronicle, said: "Mr <mask> is either an idiot or morally repulsive. Either he has no idea how stupid and offensive his views are or he does and deserves to be held in contempt by all decent people." In a subsequent interview with The Jewish Chronicle, <mask> said that his comments were taken the wrong way, but apologised, saying, "I'm just sorry that I was an idiot. I sincerely, genuinely apologise." However, when <mask> was later told by Associated Press that the World Jewish Congress had called for his resignation, he said "it's a pity they didn't sort the banks out," referring to the financial crisis of 2007–2010, and claimed "They have a lot of influence everywhere." Bribery accusation
In a 2012 trial against the former BayernLB chief risk officer Gerhard Gribkowsky, the public prosecutor accused <mask> of being a co-perpetrator in the case. Gribkowsky confessed to the charges of tax evasion, breach of trust and for accepting bribes.In closing arguments at a Munich trial the public prosecutor told the court <mask> "hasn't been blackmailed, he is a co-perpetrator in a bribery case". According to the prosecutor and defendant, Ecclestone paid about $44 million to the former banker to get rid of the lender's stake in Formula One. Ecclestone told prosecutors he paid Gribkowsky because he blackmailed him with telling UK tax authorities about a family trust controlled by Ecclestone's former wife. In November 2012 private equity firm Bluewaters Communications Holdings filed a £409m lawsuit against the 2005 sale of Formula One, alleging it was the sport's rightful owner. In May 2013, Süddeutsche Zeitung reported that the Munich prosecutors' office had charged Ecclestone on two counts of bribery after a two-year investigation into his relationship with Gribkowsky. In July 2013, German prosecutors indicted Ecclestone for alleged bribery. The charge relates to a $44 million (£29m) payment to Gribkowsky.It was linked to the sale of a stake in Formula 1. Gribkowsky, the BayernLB bank executive, was found guilty of taking $44m in bribes and failing to pay tax on the money. On 14 January 2014, a court in Munich ruled that Ecclestone would indeed be tried on bribery charges in Germany, and on 5 August 2014, the same court ruled that Ecclestone could pay a £60m settlement, without admitting guilt, to end the trial. Racial statement
In the weeks following the events of the murder of George Floyd, seven-time world champion Lewis Hamilton, F1's only mixed race driver had launched his own commission to tackle racism and increase diversity, with Formula One launching a We Race As One initiative to fight global inequality. In an interview with CNN, Ecclestone initially praised Hamilton's efforts but then questioned whether it would "do anything bad or good for Formula One", before saying that "In a lot of cases, black people are more racist than what white people are." In response, Hamilton has countered Ecclestone, criticising him on Instagram for being "ignorant and uneducated", and that he has realised why nothing much has been done to address diversity and racism. Formula One Group also issued a statement, saying that they "completely disagree with <mask>’s comments that have no place in Formula 1 or society", and had added that his title as a chairman emeritus had since expired in January 2020.Tax avoidance
Interviews conducted by a German prosecutor in the Gerhard Gribkowsky case showed that <mask> had been under investigation by the UK tax authorities for nine years, and that he had avoided the payment of £1.2 billion through a legal tax avoidance scheme. HM Revenue and Customs agreed to conclude the matter in 2008 with a payment of £10 million. Biography
In 2011 Faber and Faber published Tom Bower's biography No Angel: The Secret Life of <mask>, which was written with Ecclestone's co-operation. Bower has written exposé biographies of figures such as Robert Maxwell and Simon Cowell, leading commentators including Bryan Appleyard of the New Statesman to express surprise over Ecclestone's co-operation. The book recounts an episode at the 1979 Argentine Grand Prix in which Colin Chapman offered Mario Andretti $1000 to push Ecclestone into a hotel swimming pool in Buenos Aires. A nervous Andretti approached Ecclestone and confessed the plot, to which Ecclestone replied: "Pay me half and you can". Personal life
The Forbes World's Billionaires List of 2021 estimated Ecclestone's net worth at $3.5 billion.As of 2021, The Sunday Times Rich List ranks him as the 65th richest person in the UK with an estimated net worth of £2.5 billion. In early 2004, he sold one of his London residences in Kensington Palace Gardens, never having lived in it, to an Indian steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal for £57.1 million. At Grand Prix venues, Ecclestone used a grey mobile home, known as "<mask>'s bus", as his headquarters. In 2005, <mask> sold his £9 million yacht Va Bene to his friend Eric Clapton. Terry Lovell published a biography of Ecclestone, Bernie's Game: Inside the Formula One World of <mask> in March 2003 after legal issues had delayed its publication from its original date of November 2001. Ecclestone has been married three times. With first wife Ivy, he has a daughter, Deborah, through whom he is a great-grandfather.He has five grandchildren — two granddaughters and three grandsons. <mask> had a 17-year relationship with Tuana Tan, which ended in 1984 when Slavica Radić, later his second wife, became pregnant. He was then married to Yugoslav-born former Armani model Radić for 23 years. The couple have two daughters, Tamara (born 1984) and Petra (born 1988). In 2008, Slavica <mask> filed for divorce. Slavica settled their divorce amicably with her receiving a reported $1 to 1.5 billion settlement. The divorce was granted on 11 March 2009.In April 2012, <mask> announced his engagement to 35-year-old Fabiana Flosi, vice-president of marketing for the Brazilian Grand Prix. She is 46 years his junior. In April 2020, it was revealed the pair were expecting a son due weeks before Ecclestone's 90th birthday. Ecclestone announced the birth of Alexander Charles <mask> (Ace) on 1 July 2020. <mask> was a victim of theft in March 2005: two wheels were stolen from his car while it was parked outside his London home. The car, a brand new Mercedes-Benz CLS55 AMG, was said to be the first of its kind in Britain. On the evening of 24 November 2010, whilst returning to his apartment in his central London offices with his girlfriend Flosi, four men ambushed the pair and robbed them of jewellery, including diamond rings and a watch, with a total value of £200,000 (<mask> later said, "I see a figure of £200,000 mentioned but that is bollocks.They won't be going far on what they took off us"). The image of <mask>'s bruised face was later used in an advertisement by Hublot, the makers of the stolen watch, with the slogan "See what people will do for a Hublot". Ecclestone turned down a knighthood in the early 2000s as he did not believe that he deserved it. In a 2019 interview, he stated that if he had brought some good to the country, he was glad, but he did not set out with this purpose in mind, so did not deserve recognition. Complete Formula One World Championship results
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Awards and honours

2000 Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold for Services to the Republic of Austria
2006 Commander of the Order of Saint-Charles, Monaco
2008 Imperial College Honorary Doctorate

Notes

References
 <mask>, the man behind Formula One BBC News, 12 November 1997
 Chicanery in Formula One? The Economist, 26 August 2004
 Grand prix, grand prizes. The Economist, 13 July 2004
 Griffiths, John The case that will decide Formula One's future.Financial Times, 23 November 2004

 Mott, Sue The funny billionaire in trapped in the body of a tyrant Telegraph, 20 March 2004
 Mr Formula One The Economist, 13 March 1997
 The main men in F1 BBC Sport, 11 October 2004
 The Governor of Grand Prix UK Motorsport, from Daily Telegraph, 1997

External links

#212 Bernard Ecclestone & Family at Forbes Billionaires, 2010, 10 March 2010

1930 births
Living people
Auto racing executives
Brighton Speed Trials people
English billionaires
English chief executives
English Formula One drivers
English motorsport people
Formula One team owners
Labour Party (UK) donors
People from Bexleyheath
People from Bungay
Commanders of the Order of Saint-Charles
Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Bernie
British

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<mask> (born 1948) is an American independent scholar and author of fourteen books, including three children's books. His books are mainly non-fiction and cover a wide range of topics, most notably repressed memories. He is a volunteer with the National Center for Reason and Justice, a non-profit organization that advocates for people who are falsely accused or convicted of crimes. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1948 to Nan and <mask>, the fourth of seven children. He was raised in Atlanta, Georgia. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in English Literature from Harvard College, after which he taught for several years in public schools. Pendergrast later attended Simmons College in Boston, where he obtained a Master of Arts degree in Library Science.He worked as an academic librarian and freelance writer until becoming a full-time writer in 1991. Pendergrast lives in Colchester, Vermont. As a child during road trips with his family, Pendergrast would sing Broadway tunes harmonizing along with his older brother. Pendergrast currently sings in a Vermont choral group called Social Band. He puts poetry to music for concerts with the group and has written songs including “Donald Trump Satirical Song” which Pendergrast wrote several months before Donald Trump’s election. Career

Author
Pendergrast has published fourteen books on various topics. Two are histories of caffeinated beverages: Coca-Cola (For God, Country and Coca-Cola) and coffee (Uncommon Grounds).Pendergrast states that he wrote For God, Country and Coca-Cola after literary agents moved to Vermont and wrote a letter to the League of Vermont Writers for book ideas. He also states that growing up in Atlanta, GA influenced his decision to write the book. His grandfather was a pharmacist who served some of the original Coca-Cola, which was originally sold as a health elixir. He has written extensively on the malleability of human memory in his books Memory Warp, The Repressed Memory Epidemic, Victims of Memory, and The Most Hated Man in America. Pendergrast states his most important work is Victims of Memory, which is about recovered memory therapy, a pseudoscientific therapeutic method that has resulted in false accusations of child sexual abuse. He wrote Memory Warp, written twenty years after Victims of Memory, to document the continuation of recovered memory therapy beyond the 80s and 90s for new generations of journalists, therapists, and patients. He is highly critical of Freud’s methods in developing his theories in Memory Warp.His book on the Jerry Sandusky case, The Most Hated Man in America, was prompted by a 2013 email from an Oregon woman, named Glenna Kerker, who told him that the case had a lot of testimony based on repressed memory therapy. Pendergrast wrote his original arguments for Sandusky’s innocence in The Crime Report in 2016 while working on The Most Hated Man in America. Freudian psychoanalysis critic, Frederick Crews, wrote an article in Skeptic Magazine detailing the Sandusky case, primarily using arguments from The Most Hated Man in America. Joseph Stains reviews <mask>'s 2017 book The Most Hated Man in America: Jerry Sandusky and the Rush to Judgement. Stain says it is "probably the most evenhanded and thoroughly documented volume on the topic". Pendergrast detailed the trial and did extensive research on the subject of Jerry Sandusky's 2012 guilty verdict for sexual abuse of young men at Penn State. Stains writes that Pendergrast made a compelling case that the small-town lawyer Sandusky chose to represent him and a prosecution that relied on repressed memories, no physical evidence and possible financial motives may have been the factors that led to the court finding him guilty.Stains states that Pendergrast "has done meticulous background work... and he provides material background for answering any question one may pose to him". Inside the Outbreaks is about the Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), which is part of the CDC. Beth E. Meyerson describes the book as ``a series of investigations presented in a rapid succession, bespeaking the range and pace of public health challenges facing this elite scientific corps of men and women,” in a Environmental Health Perspectives book review article. The book is divided into three sections, each of which covers a period of time in EIS history in chronological order. City of the Verge is a book about his hometown of Atlanta, GA. He named the book City on the Verge because of the anticipated influx of people into the city of Atlanta. According to Pendergrast, in 2017, the population within the city is expected to triple in the next 30 years.Japan’s Tipping Point investigates Japan’s renewable energy policies after the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Pendergrast spent six weeks in Japan for the book. Mirror, Mirror covers a wide range of subjects ranging from astronomy to human sexuality and vanity. Beyond Fair Trade is a book about the Akha hill tribe in Thailand that grows coffee rather than opium poppies after opium raids forced them to relocate in 1985. It also examines the history of the specialty coffee movement. His three children's books are Jack and the Bean Soup; Silly Sadie; and The Godfool. He has also appeared in several documentaries, including Black Coffee and Cola Conquest, which were in part inspired by his books.Pendergrast also helped to edit and publish The Aftermath: A Survivor’s Odyssey Through War-Torn Europe, a Holocaust memoir by Henry Lilienheim, Shift, poems by Marylen Grigas; Neighborhood Naturalist, by Nan Pendergrast; and For Love of the British Isles, by <mask>. Book reviewer
Pendergrast has also reviewed books for The Philadelphia Inquirer and Atlanta Journal-Constitution. He has contributed articles to the Wall Street Journal, the New York Times, the Financial Analyst, The Sun, Vermont Life Magazine, Burlington Free Press, Vanguard, Sea History, Library Journal, Atlanta Magazine, Vermont Digger, Saporta Report, Fresh Cup, Tea & Coffee Trade Journal, Business People, Professional Psychology, Wine Spectator, and other publications. Public appearances
He has spoken at scientific and journalism seminars, book festivals, public events, and on college campuses and has appeared on various television
and radio programs, including The Today Show, All Things Considered, Marketplace, and Fresh Air. He writes a semi-regular column about coffee for the Wine Spectator. Organizational affiliations
Pendergrast is a member of the National Association of Science Writers, the League of Vermont Writers, and the Authors Guild. He is a volunteer for the National Center for Reason and Justice, a nonprofit organization which works with innocent people falsely accused or convicted of child abuse (related to the subject of his book Memory Warp).Published works

Non-fiction

Children's literature

References

External links

Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: <mask>st research files, circa 1880-2009

American science writers
American librarians
1948 births
Living people
Independent scholars
Harvard College alumni

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Mark Pendergra


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<mask>  (born Dunfermline, Fife, 27 September 1947) is a Scottish singer and actress whose hits include "I Know Him So Well", "Answer Me" and "January February". <mask> has placed fifteen albums in the UK Albums Chart from 1977 to date, and had a number of hit singles, including four which reached the Top 20 in the UK Singles Chart. The Scotsman newspaper has described her as Scotland's best-selling female singer in terms of the numbers of hit chart singles and albums she has achieved in the UK since 1976. She is also a twice Olivier Award-winning actress, with roles including Viv Nicholson in the musical Spend Spend Spend, and was the original Mrs. Johnstone in Willy Russell's long-running musical Blood Brothers. On television she starred as Anita Braithwaite in Band of Gold. Career

Early years
<mask> went to Woodmill High School  and Dunfermline High School in Dunfermline. Previously she lived in "Dollytown", Rosyth, a prefab housing estate that was demolished in early 1970, and Dunfermline in the 1960s.Her father was a cook on a tugboat at Rosyth Dockyard and her mother was from Liverpool. She went to Camdean Primary School. and Pitcorthie Primary School when she moved to Dunfermline. <mask>'s singing career started in folk clubs around her native Fife in 1964. Her first commercial recording was in 1968. Her early work included albums with Archie Fisher, the first of which, The Fate O' Charlie, a collection of songs from the Jacobite rebellions, was released in 1969. Her first solo album was Do Right Woman in 1970.Mainstream success
She became a well-known face on the British folk circuit of the late 1960s and early 1970s, but changed her career course after meeting Willy Russell. He was at that time a young student running a folk club in Liverpool. He showed <mask> the first draft of what later became the award-winning musical John, Paul, George, Ringo … and Bert and asked her to perform the music. The combination of fine writing, a superb cast of young unknowns (including Antony Sher, Bernard Hill and Trevor Eve) and <mask>'s idiosyncratic interpretation of Beatles songs made the show hugely successful. The show's co-producer, Robert Stigwood, signed <mask> to his record label, RSO Records, where she recorded the album Answer Me, arranged and produced by Junior Campbell, the title track becoming a Top 10 hit in 1976. John, Paul, George, Ringo … and Bert also led to her guest residency on The Two Ronnies, which brought <mask>'s singing to the attention of more than ten million BBC Television viewers every week. Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice also spotted <mask> in John, Paul, George, Ringo … and Bert, and invited her to record "Another Suitcase in Another Hall" from their new musical Evita, which became her second hit in 1977.She contributed two tracks to Scouse the Mouse a children's album (1977) with Ringo Starr and others. Also during the late 1970s, <mask> also contributed backing vocals to two best-selling albums by the Scottish singer-songwriter, Gerry Rafferty: City to City (1978) and Night Owl (1979). Other solo hits including "Caravan Song" and "January February", followed for <mask> in 1980. An abridged version of the song "Best of Friends", sung by <mask>, was used as the closing theme for Andy Robson, an ITV children's television series broadcast during 1982 and 1983. It was never released commercially until 2021 when the full version featured on the Special Edition release of <mask>'s album 'Heartbeats'.. In 1982, Willy Russell invited <mask> to star in his new musical Blood Brothers in the pivotal role of the mother, Mrs. Johnstone. Although at first reluctant to accept, having never acted before, she accepted and garnered critical acclaim as well as 'Actress of the Year in a Musical' from the Society of West End Theatres in 1984.She has reprised the role many times, the latest being 2004 at the Liverpool Empire Theatre. Later in 1984, Tim Rice approached <mask> to take part in the recording of the concept album for the musical Chess in the role of Svetlana. <mask>'s songs on the album included "I Know Him So Well", a duet sung with Elaine Paige. The song was a worldwide hit, and remained at number one in the UK Singles Chart for four weeks. According to Guinness World Records it remains the best-selling ever female duet. Starting in 1983, <mask> and her backing band began appearing in musical interludes for the BBC Scotland comedy show Scotch and Wry. In 1984, <mask> starred in her own television special for BBC2, in which she travelled around Scotland.1990s and beyond
During the 1990s, <mask> appeared in various television dramas including Taggart, Band of Gold and The Missing Postman. The writer and director Chris Bond created a stage show for <mask> in 1996 called The Seven Ages of Woman, which won her the Liverpool Echo 'Actress of the Year Award'. It premiered at the Liverpool Playhouse and toured extensively in 1997 and 1998. She was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1998, when she was surprised by Michael Aspel at the Groucho Club in London. In 1999, <mask> starred in Spend Spend Spend, a new musical by Steve Brown and Justin Greene. The show, based on the rollercoaster life story of pools winner, Viv Nicholson, played in the West End to capacity audiences. For her portrayal of Nicholson, she was awarded 'Best Actress in a Musical' at the 2000 Laurence Olivier Awards.She went on to star in the UK tour of the show. Further theatre work followed in Friends Like This, the Heather Brothers musical A Slice of Saturday Night and Fame. During 2006, <mask> appeared as the Timekeeper in Alan Ayckbourn and Denis King's fantasy musical play Whenever for BBC Radio 4. She has returned to TV in the BBC daytime drama series Doctors and her episode, "Mama Sings The Blues", was broadcast in March 2008. In 2003, <mask> worked with Russell again, providing backing vocals for his album Hoovering the Moon. In 2004 The Platinum Collection, featuring some of her most successful recordings, reached number 35 in the UK Albums Chart. Her 2004 album, Full Circle, was produced and arranged by Troy Donockley, and saw <mask> returning to her folk roots.In 2006, she issued a collection of the songs of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, Nothing's Gonna Change My World. Recent career
<mask>'s twenty-fourth studio album, Time and Tide, was released in January 2008 featuring a mix of contemporary and folk songs, including "Palm Sunday", which marked <mask>'s return to songwriting after a break of almost twenty years. A live DVD, Into the Light, was released to coincide with the release of Time and Tide and included, as well as some of her best-loved hits, several tracks from her new album. A double live CD, <mask> in Concert, was released in April 2009 and was followed later in the year by her autobiography, A Shirt Box Full of Songs. Between February and March 2011, <mask> undertook a tour of the UK and Ireland to promote her new studio album, Words Unspoken. Arranged and produced by Troy Donockley, the album included tracks such as "Bridge Over Troubled Water", "Jamie Raeburn" and "The Trees They Do Grow High". A tribute album to her friend Gerry Rafferty – To Each And Everyone – The Songs of Gerry Rafferty – was released in September 2013 and the album, 'Winter', a collection of seasonal favourites, was released in time for Christmas 2014.2018's Through Line was followed by Time Is Going Faster, <mask>'s 25th studio album of her career which spent three months in the Official Folk Album Chart and garnered much acclaim, particularly for her own compositions. The single, Where Shadows Meet The Light marked her first single release since 1995's Love Hurts. A completely revised and updated paperback edition of <mask>'s autobiography, A Shirt Box Full of Songs, was released to tie-in with the new album, together with an audiobook and Kindle edition. Her first online show, <mask>: Ballads And Blether streamed on March 20, 2021 with a limited-edition DVD and CD of the evening available through her official website. Also in 2021, she presented a series of podcasts, 'Answer Me Ten... With <mask>' in which she interviewed several well-known female singers including Petula Clark, Toyah, Kiki Dee, Kim Wilde and Eddi Reader. <mask>'s "TIME IS GOING FASTER 2022" showcases her return for her Easter multi-city concert tour, she has announced 2022 dates on her website. Personal life
<mask> married former actor Oliver Cookson 1984 who now works as an Assistant Director in television for the BBC, and has three sons.She and her family live in Edinburgh. She was awarded an OBE in the Queen's New Year Honours in 2002 for her services to Music and Drama. Interviewed for "Ferne Britton Meets"  in 2017, <mask> discussed her conversion to Catholicism while living in Richmond during her 30's and the crisis that she had suffered while appearing in Willy Russel's "Blood Brothers" Liverpool stage production. The crisis resulted in <mask> taking a four weeks break from her starring role, once she sufficiently recuperated <mask> moved to London's West End, when Blood Brothers Liverpool run, transferred there. She admitted that her personal crisis led to many years of stage fright and she withdrew from public performing until therapy helped to work through her anxieties. Discography

References

External links
 Official website

1947 births
Living people
Scottish musical theatre actresses
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People from Dunfermline
People educated at Woodmill High School
RSO Records artists
Epic Records artists
Transatlantic Records artists
20th-century Scottish women singers
21st-century Scottish women singers

masks:
Barbara Ruth Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Barbara Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Barbara Dickson
Barbara Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson
Dickson


texts:
<mask> (born June 2, 1963) is a Brazilian composer dedicated to contemporary experimental music. His works include pieces for orchestra, symphonic band, electroacoustic music, chamber music, sound installations, interactive works and music for films. His music makes an extensive use of rhetoric strategies to create new forms of musical tensions and musical discourses. His research focus on musical signification and it takes semiotics, music theory and technology as backgrounds. Biography
<mask> was born in Rio de Janeiro into a family of musicians. He started out his musical training at a young age at home. His first lessons included musical composition, history of music, theory, harmony, counterpoint and musical analysis, besides piano playing.His family moved from Rio de Janeiro to São Paulo in 1969. In 1978 he was introduced into electroacoustic music composition, and his first experiments were done in a four-channel Revox tape recorder. In 1983 he starts the course on Music Composition and Conducting at the São Paulo State University. In 1991 he concludes a Master Degree in Musical Composition at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, and in 1992 he starts a large and fruitful period as a professor of musical composition at the São Paulo State University. In 1998 he concludes the Doctorate on Communication and Semiotics – Arts, at the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo, where he first applied semiotic tools for music composition. As of 1999 he starts an international agenda. He has been invited composer as the Laboratory for Musical Informatics and Electronics at the Center for Diffusion of Contemporary Music (LIEM-CDMC, Madrid); the Phonos Foundation at the Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona), and the Electroacoustic Music Studios of the University of Birmingham (England).He has developed two post-doctorate researches on music and meaning, one at the University of Helsinki (Finland), in 2000, and another one at the University of Valladolid (Spain), in 2005. During this period his concept of re-interpretation applied to musical form was first used. Since the 1990s he has received commissions from different groups and institutions, as from the Museum for Applied Arts, Cologne (Germany); from the Mexican Center for Music and Sound Arts CMMAS in México, and from the São Paulo State Symphonic Band for the 100th Anniversary of Sao Paulo State Art Gallery, in 2005 (São Paulo, Brazil). In 2006 one of the leading classic music labels in Brazil, Clássicos, releases a CD fully dedicated to his compositions for piano, for the first time including a CD dedicated to contemporary music in their collection. In 2008 he interrupts a sequence of 16 years as a professor of musical composition at the São Paulo State University. He transferred his residency to León (Spain) and started a new period of musical composition and research. Work
One of the keywords in the music of Zampronha is "re-interpretation" (or re-signification), understood as the act of understanding in a different way what had been previously listened to.This re-interpretation can be exemplified in three different aspects of his work. This re-interpretation appears clearly in his use of musical rhetoric resources. <mask>’s main rhetoric strategy is first to induce the listener to understand the musical discourse in a specific way. Then, during the development of the work this understanding surprisingly changes to another one. There is a change of meaning in what we listen to. However, the first meaning never completely disappears. Thus, the old and the new understandings overlap, creating tension that becomes the axis of the composition.Another aspect of this re-interpretation can be found in the use of sound materials and their references. A sound material can make references to a specific musical context or a specific historical period (even a very recent period) without being a quotation. When inserted in a different context (the musical work is this new context), a polyphony between references appears: something new dialogues with something known; the displacement of a reference from its original context create musical tensions, and the meaning and values these references carry out give a historical and contextual perspective to the sound materials. Concerning his harmonic  language, Zampronha uses non-traditional but intelligible chords comprising many notes (from 6 to 18, or even more). Each chord concentrates a specific sensation or emotion in itself. These chords are unities that are fragmented by the use of specific extra-notes. In this sense, the concept of dissonance is re-interpreted.Specific sequences of these chords may generate a new-functionality producing direccionalities inside the work. Different aspects of his compositions reflect these innovations, as the musical notation he uses and the relationship between instruments and electroacoustics for instance. Recordings
His work is included in many CDs released by different labels and institutions. Modelagens – It includes the following works:
Modelagem XII (Sinfonia Cultura Orchestra, conducted by Lutero Rodrigues)
Modelagem II (Beatriz Balzi, piano)
O Crescimento da Árvore sobre a Montanha (The Growth of a Three on a Mountain) (Electroacoustic work)
Modelagem III (Celina Charlier, flute)
Mármore (Marble) – for tuba y electroacoustics (Jesús Jara, tuba)
Modelagem VIII – for percussion and computer (Eduardo Gianesella, percussion)
Fragmentation (electroacoustic works). S'io esca vivo – Performed by Karin Fernandes and special guests, this CD includes:
Lamento (Karin Fernandes, piano)
S'io esca vivo (Karin Fernandes, piano)
Ciaccona (Karin Fernandes, piano; Ricardo Bologna, percussion)
Fantasia (Ana de Oliveira, vl; Adriana Holtz, vc; Luis Afonso Montanha, cl; Karin Fernandes, piano)
Composição para Piano VII (Composition for Piano VII) (Karin Fernandes, piano)
Feroce (Adriana Holtz, cello; Karin Fernandes, piano)

Books
Edson Zampronha has published the book:
Notação, Representação e Composição (Notation, Representation and Composition) - São Paulo: Annablume, 2000 – in Portuguese. This book is a demonstration of the capital importance of writing in the process of musical composition. Edson Zampronha and Dr. Maria de Lourdes Sekeff have published the book series
Arte e Cultura – Estudos Interdisciplinares (Art and Culture – Interdisciplinary Studies) – São Paulo: Annablume, in Portuguese, including four volumes at this moment.This series is a collection of essays signed by outstanding artists-researches from the most important Brazilian Universities. Awards
<mask> <mask> has been awarded by some of the most important prizes in Brazil:
He was awarded twice by the São Paulo Associations of Art Criticism, Brazil, for his works Toccata II (best solo work of 1993) and Modelagem VII (best ensemble work of 1997). In 2005 he was the winner of the 6º Sergio Motta Award, the most important Brazilian prize for art and technology, for his sound installations Atrator Poético (Poetic Attractor), created with Grupo SCIArts. Works
<mask> <mask>’s catalog of compositions includes more than 100 compositions for orchestra, electroacoustic music, opera, sound installations, and chamber music. It includes the complete score and a comment on the work)
 www.sibetrans.com (Online publication of the text “Gesture In Contemporary Music”, by Zampronha, in English)
 www.badongo.com (<mask> <mask> and Attilio Mastrogiovanni are interviewed about the CD Sensibile, in Portuguese)
 https://web.archive.org/web/20110321061018/http://musicabrasileira.org/edsonzampronha/ez2010.html (Tom Moore interviews <mask> <mask>, in English)

20th-century classical composers
Brazilian classical composers
Brazilian male composers
1963 births
Living people
21st-century classical composers
Electroacoustic music composers
Male classical composers
Musicians from São Paulo
São Paulo State University alumni
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians

masks:
Edson Zampronha
Edson Zampronha
Zampronha
Edson
Zampronha
Edson
Zampronha
Edson
Zampronha
Edson
Zampronha


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>'Keeffe; 27 July 1977) is an Irish actor, model and musician. He is known for his roles in the films Michael Collins (1996), Velvet Goldmine (1998), Titus (1999), Bend It Like Beckham (2002), Alexander (2004), Match Point (2005), Mission: Impossible III (2006) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries Elvis (2005), for which he won a Golden Globe Award and earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination, as King Henry VIII in the historical drama The Tudors (2007–10), which earned him two Golden Globe Award nominations, and in the NBC drama series Dracula (2013–14) as the title character. He also starred as Bishop Heahmund, a character inspired by the Catholic Saint of the same name, in the History Channel television series Vikings. <mask> has continued to star in other films, such as Albert Nobbs in 2011. In 2013, Meyers appeared as the villain Valentine Morgenstern in The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones, based on Cassandra Clare's novel, City of Bones; he appeared in the 2015 film Stonewall, directed by Roland Emmerich; in 2017, he starred in The 12th Man; and in 2018 he won the Best Actor award at the Manchester Film Festival for his starring role in Damascus Cover. In 2020, he was listed as number 44 on The Irish Times’ list of Ireland's greatest film actors. Meyers has been the face of several Hugo Boss advertising campaigns.He has also been involved in several charitable causes, including the Hope Foundation, and the children's charity, Barretstown. Meyers is married to Mara Lane, and they have one son together. Early life
<mask> was born on 27 July 1977 in Dublin, Ireland, the first of four boys for Geraldine (née Myers; 1957–2007) and folk musician John O'Keeffe, and brought up in County Cork. His family is Catholic, and his three younger brothers are professional musicians. He attended North Monastery Christian Brothers School. After being expelled from North Monastery for truancy, he spent much of his time working and socializing in pool halls. Casting agents looking for Irish boys to appear in War of the Buttons spotted him at a Cork pool hall, the Victoria Sporting Club, and invited him to audition.Although passed over for War of the Buttons, the casting agents encouraged him to pursue a career in acting. Career

Early work (1994–2004)
Taking on the name <mask>, his first acting role came in the film, A Man of No Importance (1994). In 1996, he appeared in Michael Collins, as the Anti-Treaty IRA sniper who kills the title character. He played a David Bowie-inspired glam rock star in Velvet Goldmine (1998). In 1999, he appeared in Ride with the Devil as psychopathic Bushwhacker Pitt Mackeson. He starred as Steerpike in the BBC's Gormenghast (2000); played a dedicated girls' football coach in Bend It Like Beckham (2002); played in Vanity Fair (2004) opposite Reese Witherspoon; and co-starred in 2004 in Oliver Stone's epic Alexander in which he played Cassander. Breakthrough with Match Point and The Tudors (2005–2010)
The following year <mask> starred in Woody Allen's drama Match Point (2005), for which he received a Chopard Trophy at the Cannes Film Festival, and in the CBS 4-hour mini-series Elvis (2005) as Elvis Presley alongside Randy Quaid as Colonel Tom Parker, but did not sing for his role in the miniseries.The latter earned him an Emmy nomination and a Golden Globe win. In 2006, he appeared in Mission: Impossible III. He starred in the CBC/Showtime co-production The Tudors (2007) as Henry VIII. He was nominated for the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Drama in 2007 for the role. Subsequent projects include August Rush (2007). In 2008, he appeared in The Children of Huang Shi, and in 2010, Shelter and From Paris with Love. Independent films and varied roles (2011–present)
In 2011, he starred as Solal in Belle du Seigneur, an English language film adaptation of Albert Cohen's novel Belle du Seigneur.The film was released in Russia on 29 November 2012 and in France on 19 June 2013 after premiering at the Champs Elysees Film Festival. In 2013, <mask> was cast as Dracula in NBC's television series Dracula alongside Oliver Jackson-Cohen and Jessica De Gouw. It was also announced in May 2013 that Meyers was to participate in the recording of his brothers' album entitled Blossom, which was released on 21 April 2014. On 23 October 2014, he received The Irish Post Legend Award at the London Hilton on Park Lane in recognition of his remarkable achievements in Film & Television over the previous 20 years. <mask> played the lead in the spy thriller Damascus Cover, based on the novel by Howard Kaplan. It premiered on September 23, 2017, at the Boston Film Festival. <mask> portrays Patrick Pearse, a political activist and one of the leaders of the bloody 1916 Irish Easter Rising, in the centennial commemoration biopic film The Rising, written and produced by Kevin McCann.Upcoming projects
In 2018, it was announced that <mask> would star in the remake of the Korean film Hide and Seek. That same year it was revealed that he would be joining the cast of the thriller Altitude. In 2019, it was announced that <mask> would star in Rajah, a biopic of the British explorer Sir James Brooke. He was also revealed to have joined the cast of American Night, a neo-noir thriller co-starring Emile Hirsch, Paz Vega, and Jeremy Piven. Meyers will star in hijacking thriller film 97 Minutes directed by Timo Vuorensola. Music
A self-taught singer and guitarist, <mask> has appeared in a number of musical roles. His first such role was as "Brian Slade" in Velvet Goldmine; two of the songs he sang ("Baby's on Fire" and "Tumbling Down") are on the film's soundtrack.He sang briefly in the TV miniseries version of The Magnificent Ambersons, performed in studio scenes of the miniseries Elvis and played the flute in Gormenghast. In the 2007 music drama August Rush, Meyers performed on-screen as singer-songwriter Louis Connelly and is credited for four songs on the soundtrack – "Break", "Moondance", "Something Inside" and "This Time". Of the four, "This Time" and "Break" were considered in the Best Original Song category of the 80th Academy Awards. "This Time" was not released as a single but peaked at number 84 in the Canadian Hot 100. Endorsements
Besides acting, <mask> has also modeled for several clothing companies. He modeled for Club Monaco in 2001 and was chosen as the face for the Versace men's collection of Autumn/Winter 2006 and Spring 2007, and he was the face of the Hugo Boss men's fragrance range from 2006 until he was replaced by Jared Leto in 2011. <mask> is signed to Independent Models in London.Personal life

Relationships and family
For a year in the late 1990s, <mask> dated his Velvet Goldmine co-star, Toni Collette. From 2004 until 2012, he was in a relationship with Reena Hammer, daughter of makeup artist Ruby Hammer. On 20 November 2007, his mother, Mary Geraldine "Geri" O'Keeffe, died at Mercy University Hospital, Cork, aged 51, following a short, undisclosed illness. In 2016, <mask> married Mara Lane. Their son, <mask> <mask>, was born in December 2016. In September 2017, Lane revealed that she had miscarried a second child. In 2019, <mask> credited his family, and fatherhood in particular, with making him the happiest he has ever been: "Once you have your first child, you become the past.We're all busy giving out to ourselves and driving ourselves forward. A child gives you a new perspective on life." Alcoholism and recovery
In 2007, <mask>' representative, Meredith O'Sullivan, confirmed that Meyers had entered an alcohol-treatment programme. In November 2007, he was arrested at a Dublin airport for intoxication and disturbing the peace. In 2009, he was detained in Paris by French police for allegedly assaulting an airport lounge employee while drunk. In 2010 at John F. Kennedy International Airport, <mask>s verbally abused and used racist language against airline staff and officials, who had refused him access to the boarding area after he had become intoxicated in the first-class lounge. He was banned by United Airlines as a result.His representative confirmed Meyers was again receiving treatment in 2010. In November 2011, Meyers was ordered by a French court to pay restitution of €1,000 and was given a judgment of a suspended sentence for public intoxication 24 months earlier. After his wife suffered a miscarriage in 2017, <mask> publicly relapsed at a Dublin airport. In 2018, he broke his sobriety on a flight, resulting in a dispute with his wife at LAX. In an interview with Larry King later that year, Meyers addressed the incident, stating "... I shouldn't drink. It doesn't suit me and I had been sober for a long time."He insisted that he had learned his lesson and was sober again. Honours
On 5 October 2008, <mask> received an Honorary Patronage from the Trinity College Philosophical Society in Dublin. In 2014, <mask> was honoured at the Irish Post Awards and was presented with the Legend Award for his contributions to the film and entertainment industry. Charity work
In February 2008, <mask> was named the ambassador for the Hope Foundation, a charity formed in his native Cork. The charity provides shelter, medical care, and support to the street children of Calcutta. <mask> is also an ambassador for the children’s charity Barretstown. Barretstown’s mission is to rebuild the lives of children affected by serious illness and their families, through therapeutic recreational programmes.In 2019, he and fellow actor Aidan Gillen helped launch Barretstown’s new Press Play campaign. It aims to raise additional funds over the next five years to ensure that the charity can expand its programmes to serve more children who suffer from serious illnesses, including the provision of support to families of those affected. Filmography

Film

Television

Discography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1977 births
20th-century Irish male actors
21st-century Irish male actors
Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners
Irish expatriates in the United States
Irish male film actors
Irish male television actors
Irish expatriates in England
Living people
People from County Cork
Irish male models
People educated at North Monastery

masks:
Jonathan Rhys Meyers
Jonathan Michael Francis O
Meyers
Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Wolf Rhys
Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyer
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers
Rhys Meyers


texts:
<mask> (December 27, 1921 - November 16, 2009) was an American actor and model who appeared in more than 3,000 roles. He specialized in portraying historic characters, but also worked as a voice actor and hand model. He was credited by the Guinness Book of World Records with having played more roles than any other actor. Life and career

Early years
<mask> was born in The Bronx, New York as Milton Lichtman in 1921. He would later change his professional name to <mask> in 1949 to de-emphasize his Jewish heritage in order to get more work. His father owned a fleet of taxis, and his mother was a housewife. He attended Aviation High School, but left school at age 17 to work as a mechanic for an aeronautics firm.He joined the U.S. military during World War II, working as a physical training instructor. He briefly attended the University of Mexico in Mexico City after the war, but moved to El Paso, Texas after six months. While living in Texas, he received government funding to attend an acting workshop in New York. Stage and television actor
<mask> began his acting career appearing in live television dramas and in theater. He was described as "a large, broad-shouldered man with an amiable face." He won a small role in the Broadway production, Home Is Tomorrow and roles in the television series, Robert Montgomery Presents, Kraft Television Theater, Studio One and Man Against Crime. In 1960, he appeared on Broadway with Lucille Ball in Wildcat.Portrayal of historic characters
<mask> later developed a career as an impersonator of historic characters in numerous media—television and print advertisements, industrial and training films, radio, personal appearances and at least one feature film. To prepare for a role, Leighton read biographies on the subject and studied any available reproductions of the subject's appearance and voice. In 1988, <mask> told The New York Times that "getting" the voice was the key to unlocking the rest of the personality. He said, "By adjusting my face, body and voice, I can be anyone in history. It's my calling." <mask> also created his own costumes. He maintained a prop and wardrobe collection arranged by character and period in his crammed Manhattan apartment; the collection included 121 pairs of shoes, 203 wigs, 197 hats, 71 pairs of glasses, 36 pipes, ten togas, and three inkwells.He was credited by the Guinness Book of World Records as the actor who had played the most roles. In 1988, Guinness credited him as the man with the most disguises, having played 1,200 famous people in television and print advertisements, and 1,800 more on radio. At a gathering of 32 Guinness record-holders in 1988, <mask> appeared in full costume as General George Patton. In May 1989, New York magazine published a feature story on <mask>, calling him the "Man of a Thousand Faces." He told the magazine that he avoided costume parties:"I never go to costume parties. That's a busman's holiday. Heaven for me is to lie in bed stark naked with no costume -- living in my own face and not someone else's -- and luxuriate in my own skin."By the end of his career, Leighton had reportedly professionally portrayed 3,372 historic notables. In its obituary of Leighton, The New York Times called him the "Actor Who Played Everyone." An acting publication, SAGWatch, wrote of Leighton: "You'd never know it from his IMDB page, but the Guinness Book of Records says <mask> played more different roles than any other actor in history. ... He was known as an actor who would go anywhere to do any role, in any medium. His website noted 'If you call <mask> at 10 in the morning from New York City, he can show up and play the person before lunch–in full costume!'" Hand model and voice actor
In addition to his work portraying historic figures, Leighton also worked as a hand model and voice actor.His hands were transformed into the Ford logo in a long-running advertisement for the automobile company. He was also the trilling voice of the "R-r-r-olling Wr-r-r-iter" pen. He also provided the voice for a talking Spalding golfball, "I'm a Spalding dot ... and this guy can hit me a helluva long way if he wants to." Representative roles
Some of the historic and fictional figures <mask> portrayed:

 Leonardo da Vinci and Henry Kissinger on covers of New York magazine
 Uncle Sam on the cover of Time magazine
 William Shakespeare in a skit on Late Night with David Letterman
 Confucius and others on the jacket of Gore Vidal's book Creation
 Fidel Castro, lighting a cigar, in a commercial for Bic lighters
 Alexander Hamilton in a commercial for Cheerios
 Mr. Whipple's twin in a commercial for Charmin toilet paper
 Johann Sebastian Bach in a beer commercial
 Albert Einstein in a commercial for a California Toyota dealership
 Dracula in a commercial for a mobile telephone company
 Frankenstein's monster in a commercial for cough syrup
 John Wayne on the 1981 hit disco single "Get Tough" by Kleeer
 Abraham Lincoln in a commercial for a Minnesota bank
 Robert E. Lee in a commercial for an Arizona department store
 Clark Gable, Groucho Marx, Teddy Roosevelt and Franklin Roosevelt, complaining about check charges, in a series of commercials for a bank
 Albert Einstein in the 1982 motion picture Zapped! Author
<mask> and his daughter, Hallie, co-authored the book Rare Words and Ways to Master Their Meanings: 500 Arcane But Useful Words for Language Lovers in 2003, and a 2008 sequel titled Rare Words II and Ways to Master Their Meanings. Charles Osgood called the first book "both rare and well done". The books' publisher also issued a series of flash cards, "Rare Fare," with words and rhymes from Rare Words II.Family and death
<mask> was married four times, including actress/Emmy-award winning writer Lynda Myles, his co-star in The World Turned Upside Down. His first marriage ended with an annulment, and the others ended in divorce. In November 2009, <mask> died due to complications from a stroke at age 87. <mask> was survived by a daughter, Hallie <mask>, and a son, <mask>. References

1921 births
2009 deaths
American male film actors
Male models from New York (state)
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Male actors from New York City
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American impressionists (entertainers)
Jewish American male actors
Jewish male models
People from the Bronx
Comedians from New York City
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Jan Leighton
Leighton
Jan Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Jan Leighton
Jan Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Leighton
Ross Leighton


texts:
<mask>m Popularly Known as O.P.S. (born 14 January 1951) is an Indian politician who served as the 6th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu  for 3 terms from 2001 -2002 , 2014-2015 and 2016-2017 and the 2nd Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu from 21 August 2017 to 6 May 2021. He is the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly from 11 May 2021 and the chief coordinator of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). He is a senior leader of the AIADMK political party and was a staunch aide of former chief minister of Tamil Nadu and AIADMK General Secretary J. Jayalalithaa. His first two terms as Chief Minister came when he replaced Jayalalithaa in the role, after she was forced to resign by the courts. His third term began following Chief Minister Jayalalithaa's death and ended two months later, Edappadi K. Palaniswami was appointed as the Chief Minister by Tamil Nadu Governor C. Vidyasagar Rao. He was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 21 August 2017.He also holds portfolios of Finance, Housing, Rural Housing, Housing Development, Slum Clearance Board and Accommodation Control, Town Planning, Urban Development, and Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority. On 4 January 2018, O. Panneerselvam elected as Leader of the House in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. Personal life
<mask> was born on 14 January 1951 in Periyakulam, Tamil Nadu. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from Haji Karutha Rowther Howdia College in Uthamapalayam, Theni district. His close friend Salavuddin from Tenali encouraged him into politics. He also owned some agricultural land. He is married to P. Vijayalakshmi and the couple have three children.He is currently elected from the constituency of Bodinayakkanur, in Theni district. His wife died on 1 September 2021 due to a heart attack. Political career

Early political career
Paneerselvam started his political career periyakulam as a worker of the AIADMK in 1973 after M. G. Ramachandran split from the DMK. He was Chairman of Periyakulam Municipality from 1996 to 2001. First term as Chief Minister, 2001-2002
He was sworn in as the 13th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in September 2001 when the Chief Minister Jayalalithaa was barred from holding office by the Supreme Court of India. During his stint as Chief Minister, he was widely criticised for allegedly heading a puppet government managed by Jayalalithaa. His tenure lasted for six months, from 21 September 2001 to 1 March 2002.In March 2002, he resigned as Chief Minister and Jayalalithaa was sworn in again after the Madras high Court overturned her conviction and she won a by-election from Andipatti assembly constituency. From 2 March 2002 to 13 December 2003, he was the Minister for Public Works, Prohibition and Excise. Subsequently, he was also entrusted with the Revenue department's charge from 13 December 2003 to May 15 2006. Leader of the Opposition, 2006
After the party lost the assembly elections in May 2006, Panneerselvam was the leader of the AIADMK legislative party and the Leader of the Opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly for about nine days. In that election, he was elected to be the member of Tamil Nadu legislative assembly from Periyakulam. Deputy Leader of Opposition, 2006-2011
After Jayalalithaa, Replaced <mask> And He Sworn As Deputy Leader of Opposition. Second term as Chief Minister, 2014-2015

In 2011, he contested as an AIADMK candidate from the Bodinayakkanur and won.Again, he became the Minister of Finance in Jayalalithaa's government and held the office from 16 May 2011 to 27 September 2014. He was again entrusted with the responsibility of being Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 29 September 2014 when Jayalalitha was convicted in the disproportionate assets case. On 22 May 2015, he resigned as Chief Minister and Jayalalithaa was sworn in again after the Karnataka High Court acquitted her in the disproportionate assets case on 11 May 2015. A year after his resignation, on 23 May 2016, he was sworn in as Minister for Finance and Public Works Department in Jayalalithaa's government. Third term as Chief Minister, 2016-2017
On 6 December 2016, <mask> was elected as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu following the death of incumbent Chief Minister Jayalalithaa. On 10 December he held his first cabinet meeting as a full-term Chief Minister.. He tended his resignation as the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on 6 February 2017 to the governor, who accepted and appointed him as the caretaker Chief Minister of the state to avoid a leadership vacuum, until further measures could be taken..

On 14 February 2017, he was expelled from the AIADMK by party general-secretary, V. K. Sasikala.Shortly after his expulsion, the Governor invited the newly elected legislative leader of the AIADMK, Edappadi K Palaniswami to form the government, following which he took over as chief minister on 16 February 2017. Deputy Chief Minister, 2017-2021

On 21 August 2017, <mask> took oath as Deputy Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu on the same day of the Party Merger with then Chief Minister EPS faction. Deputy Leader of Opposition, 2021

After the party lost the assembly elections in May 2021, <mask> won the Bodinayakkanur constituency and was elected as the Deputy Leader of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly On 14 June 2021. Controversy
A report in The Week magazine on December 2017, alleged that <mask> was on the sand mining baron Sekhar Reddy's payroll. Reddy was arrested by the Income Tax department in March 2017 on money laundering charges. Five pages of the Reddy's Diary suggest alleged payments made to several AIADMK ministers, MLAs, and many others, amounting to more than ₹ 48 crore. At least five payments in which the word 'OPS' or the name of his secretary Ramesh was written are shown in the contents of the diary.Elections contested

Tamil Nadu Legislative elections

New Party Symbol
After his exit from AIADMK Panneerselvam and his supporters appealed to the election commission to take action against the party General Secretary VKS and chief minister EPS .He also made a point to them that he needs the two leaf party symbol to contest in RK Nagar election. Also, Edappadi K. Palaniswami and supporters appealed against him, but the election commission rejected both the appeals and allotted two different symbols to each party. In August 2017 Edappadi K. Palaniswami and O<mask> Faction merged. He was made Deputy Chief Minister and was also given finance Ministry. See also
 First Panneerselvam ministry
Second Panneerselvam ministry
O. Panneerselvam ministry (2016–17)

References

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam politicians
Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
1951 births
Living people
State cabinet ministers of Tamil Nadu
Chief ministers from All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Leaders of the Opposition in Tamil Nadu
Deputy Chief Ministers of Tamil Nadu
Indian Tamil politicians
Tamil Nadu politicians

masks:
Ottakarathevar Panneerselva
Panneerselvam
Panneerselvam
Panneerselvam
Panneerselvam
Panneerselvam
Panneerselvam
. Panneerselvam


texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1757 – October 4, 1820) was an English-born American architect and house joiner, active primarily in Knoxville, Tennessee, during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Trained in London, <mask> moved to Knoxville in 1795, where he designed and built several of the city's earliest houses. At least two houses built by <mask>— the Ramsey House (1797) in East Knoxville and Statesview (ca. 1806) in West Knoxville— are still standing, and have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Biography
<mask> was born in Kent, England, in 1757, and learned the house construction trade in London. During the 1780s, he moved to Charleston, South Carolina, where he had been hired to build a house for South Carolina planter Ralph Izard. This house stood on Broad Street in Charleston for several decades.During the early 1790s, <mask> lived in Cheraw, South Carolina, where he married his wife, Elizabeth Large, in 1793. <mask> then moved to Knoxville, which at the time was the capital of the Southwest Territory, in 1795. <mask>'s first project in Knoxville was the Ramsey House, or Swan Pond, a two-story Georgian-style house completed in 1797. <mask> found ample work in Knoxville, a burgeoning frontier town in need of professional builders. In the decade after completing the Ramsey House, <mask> built a residence known as "Trafalgar" for planter John Kain, overlooking the Holston River in Knox County. Around 1806, <mask> completed the Federal-style Statesview for surveyor Charles McClung in what is now West Knoxville. In 1812, <mask> built a house, later known as "Maison de Sante," for Knoxville physician Joseph C. Strong, which stood at the corner of State Street and Cumberland Avenue.In addition to house construction, <mask> co-founded a carpenters' guild in Knoxville in 1801. The original design of the James Park House in Knoxville, built in approximately 1812, is sometimes attributed to <mask>. In 1816, <mask> received several payments from <mask> (1767–1816), builder of the Lamar House Hotel, suggesting that <mask> may have played a role in the hotel's original design (although there is little else to support this). <mask>'s last project was the original Rotherwood Mansion, built for Presbyterian clergyman Frederick Augustus Ross in what is now Kingsport, Tennessee. After <mask>'s death in 1820, his son oversaw Rotherwood's completion. Style

<mask>'s influences included English architect Christopher Wren (1632–1723) and contemporary American architect Charles Bulfinch. Many of <mask>'s designs were inspired by William Pain's 1781 book, The Builder's Golden Rule, which <mask> carried with him on his various projects.<mask> typically used a mix of Georgian and Federal architectural styles, depending on his clients' needs. Buildings
<mask> is known to have built the following:

The Ralph Izard House, circa 1788, on Broad Street in Charleston, South Carolina; no longer standing. The Ramsey House, or Swan Pond, in East Knoxville, Tennessee, completed 1797. Built of locally quarried Tennessee marble and limestone around a central hall floor plan; contains hand-carved cornices. The house is now a museum. Statesview, built circa 1806 in the Ebenezer community (now part of West Knoxville, Tennessee). Designed in the Federal style, this house's original layout was altered somewhat after it was damaged by fire in 1823.The house is now a private residence. Trafalgar, built circa 1806 along the Holston River in Knox County; no longer standing. Joseph Strong House, built circa 1812 in Knoxville; demolished in 1971 to make way for highway construction. Rotherwood, built in 1820 in Boatyard, Tennessee (now Kingsport). This mansion burned in 1865, and was replaced shortly thereafter by the current Rotherwood Mansion. Furniture
<mask> supplied furniture for many of the houses he constructed. A ledger owned by War Department agent David Henley shows that <mask> also supplied furniture for Tellico agent Silas Dinsmore in the mid-1790s.In his Autobiography, historian J. G. M. Ramsey (1797–1884), the son of Francis Alexander Ramsey, for whom the Ramsey House was built, stated that <mask> designed a bookcase and desk for the house's library. Since then, a number of furniture pieces from early Knoxville have been attributed to <mask>, including a desk and bookcase once owned by early Knox County settler David Campbell. While <mask> supplied furniture for some of his patrons, whether he made the furniture pieces or merely acquired them is disputed. Furniture historian Ann McPherson states that certain pieces attributed to <mask> contain rococo elements unlikely to be used by <mask>, and points out the pieces' resemblance to a cabinet-making style that originated in the Winchester, Virginia area in the late eighteenth century. Legacy
The Ramsey House and Statesview are the only two surviving structures known to have been built by <mask>. The James Park House, which still stands in downtown Knoxville, is sometimes attributed to <mask>, although its original design has been modified numerous times. The destruction of the Joseph Strong House in 1971 sparked an outcry from preservationists, and was one of the events that led to the establishment of the Knoxville-area preservation group Knox Heritage.In 1868, <mask>'s great-grandsons, David James <mask> and John W<mask>, opened Hope Brothers Jewelry, which operated out of a shop on Gay Street into the twentieth century. In 1897, the <mask> brothers erected a  street clock in front of their store that remained a landmark in downtown Knoxville for over a century. The Hope Brothers Jewelry Store became Kimball's Jewelry in 1933, and in 2004, Kimball's relocated to West Knoxville, and took the <mask> clock with them. The City of Knoxville erected a new street clock to replace the <mask> clock in 2007. In 1924, <mask>'s great-great-grandson, Albert Guinn <mask> (1869–1955), built a house, "Hopecote," on what is now part of the University of Tennessee campus in Knoxville. The house includes a cupboard attributed to <mask>. In 2012, Hopecote was added to the National Register of Historic Places.See also

George Franklin Barber
Baumann family (architects)
R. F. Graf

References

 Watkin, David. <mask> 1769-1831 and the Neo-Classical Idea (John Murray, 1968)

External links
Ramsey House Plantation — official site

Architects from Tennessee
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
People from Kent
English emigrants to the United States
1757 births
1820 deaths

masks:
Thomas Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Thomas Humes
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Thomas Hope
Hope
Thomas Hope
Hope
. Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Hope
Thomas Hope
Thomas Hope


texts:
<mask> (; born 9 January 1967) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as forward or winger. Caniggia played 50 times for the Argentina national team. He appeared in three World Cups, and was a member of both rival clubs River Plate and Boca Juniors. At the 1990 FIFA World Cup, Caniggia scored two key goals to help Argentina reach the final. In the opening game of the tournament against Cameroon, he was fouled three times in a single dribble, the last taking him out and earning Benjamin Massing a red card. In the second round match against Brazil, a pass by Diego Maradona put him through against goalkeeper Taffarel, with Caniggia dribbling past him and slotting the ball into the net to give Argentina victory. In the semi-final against Italy, he headed past goalkeeper Walter Zenga, the first goal Italy conceded in the tournament, sending the match into extra time as Argentina won on penalties.Having been booked against Italy, his second in the tournament, <mask> was suspended for the final against West Germany. Caniggia scored two goals in the 1994 FIFA World Cup, both of them in the first-round match against Nigeria, the first from a Gabriel Batistuta free kick rebound and the second one from a free kick by Maradona, which Caniggia finished by putting the ball in the top right-hand corner. As well as appearing for River Plate and Boca Juniors, his other clubs include Atalanta, Benfica, Dundee and Rangers. Throughout his playing career, he played for clubs in Argentina, Italy, Portugal, Scotland, Qatar and England. Club career
At club level, <mask> played for River Plate (1985–88), Hellas Verona (1988–89), Atalanta (1989–92 and 1999–2000), Roma (1992–93), S.L. Benfica (1994–95), Boca Juniors (1995–98), Dundee (2000–01) and Rangers (2001–03). He has become a club legend and cult-hero at many of the clubs he has played at, for instance when scoring against Dunfermline in 2003 to help Rangers win the title.In 1988, Caniggia moved to Serie A club Hellas Verona after accumulating 53 appearances and 8 goals for River Plate. He then moved to Atalanta in 1989, where he would remain for three years and score 26 goals in 85 league games. With Atalanta, he competed twice in the UEFA Cup, helping the club reach the quarter-finals in the 1990–91 edition. Despite not winning any silverware, Caniggia later described his experience with Atalanta as "the best years in his career". Caniggia moved to Roma in 1992, a move both parties believed would help the club aim for the Scudetto, though Roma lost its momentum mid-season with only 15 points from 17 games. After a 1–1 draw against Napoli on 21 March 1993, following a surprise doping test, Caniggia was handed a 13-month ban for taking cocaine; he has a history of enjoying the high life. After his ban expired, he joined Benfica on a year-long loan financed by the Parmalat dairy company.During his Benfica run, Valencia contacted him. He played with the white kit during a friendly match where Valencia faced Brazil in Mestalla. He played as a guest player in a team where Tenerife player Diego Latorre was also included in the squad. Valencia had to pay 80 million pesetas for the inclusion of both players for that friendly, receiving only 66 million in ticket sales. Argentine media mogul Eduardo Eurnekian then acquired the rights to Caniggia from Roma and Diego Maradona from Racing Club de Avellaneda, loaning them to Boca Juniors in exchange for matches played on his television stations. At the completion of his one-year contract, Caniggia's outspoken wife refused to return to Argentina and he was heavily linked with clubs in England. In September 1996 his mother committed suicide by jumping from the fifth floor of her building and Caniggia did not play in the 1996–97 season.He returned to play for Boca in 1997–98 but his appearances were sporadic as he missed out on the 1998 World Cup squad. After another season of inactivity he re-joined Atalanta in Serie B, helping the club achieve promotion to Serie A, but left after one season following a dispute with coach Giovanni Vavassori. He then signed for Scottish club Dundee, managed by Ivano Bonnetti whom he knew well from their time together in Italy. Quickly becoming Dundee's star player, he was then transferred to Rangers, becoming a fans favourite at Ibrox, after scoring against arch rivals Celtic in a cup final. In June 2012, he was one of several former professional footballers who agreed to join Wembley to play in their FA Cup campaign for the new season. Caniggia and fellow former-internationals Ray Parlour, Martin Keown, Graeme Le Saux, Jaime Moreno, Danny Dichio and Brian McBride, plus David Seaman (goalkeeping coach) and former England manager Terry Venables (technical advisor), came out of retirement to play for Wembley who were featured in a television documentary as they endeavoured to help the club play at Wembley Stadium. On 12 August 2012, he appeared in a preliminary round of the FA Cup.Aged 45, he scored the first goal in a 3–2 win against Langford. Career statistics

Club

1 Including appearances in Scottish League Cup. International career
Caniggia was a key player in both the 1990 and 1994 World Cups, but was not picked under the strict regime of coach Daniel Passarella for France '98. Caniggia was capped 50 times for Argentina, scoring 16 goals. He played at the 1990 and 1994 World Cups, scoring four goals in eight matches. In Argentina, Caniggia was renowned for excelling for the national team despite not having a high-profile club career nor ever playing for big European teams. Contrary to popular belief and largely due to loose interpretation, Caniggia was not a pure striker, but rather a playmaker or creative forward.Caniggia was great friends with Argentine legend and former international teammate Diego Maradona; the duo once celebrated a goal with a kiss on the lips. <mask>'s wife at that time, model Mariana Nannis, said: "At times I believe Diego is in love with my husband. It must be the long hair and big muscles." 1990 World Cup

At the 1990 World Cup, Caniggia scored two key goals to help Argentina reach the final. He came off the bench in the inaugural match against Cameroon in Milan, memorably being fouled three times in a single dribble as he carried the ball forward, the last, by Benjamin Massing earning the Cameroonian a straight red card (Massing kicked Caniggia so hard his own shoe came off). In the subsequent matches, Caniggia was in the starting lineup. In the second round, Argentina faced Brazil in Turin, and with the score 0–0 after 80 minutes, a pass by Diego Maradona left Caniggia one on one against Brazilian goalkeeper Taffarel; Caniggia dribbled past him and scored on the empty goal, giving Argentina the victory and eliminating Brazil from the tournament in what was seen as a huge upset.The goal gave him legendary status among the Argentine fans for knocking out their chief rivals. Argentina then beat Yugoslavia in Florence on penalty kicks, advancing to the semi-finals, where they played against Italy in Naples. The Italians had not conceded any goals in five matches, and were up 1–0 at half-time. In the second half, <mask> headed a cross into the net of goalkeeper Walter Zenga, ending his record streak at 517 minutes without conceding a goal, and sending the match into extra time. After no change in the score, penalty kicks were taken, and Argentina won again through this method, advancing to the final. <mask> Franchi cup

Throughout the 1991 Copa América, Caniggia asserted his dominance and was arguably the most dynamic player; he scored two goals and made four assists in the tournament as Argentina won the title. He also helped Argentina win the 1992 Confederations Cup, in which he scored a goal in the final itself. In February 1993, he scored the goal of the 1–1 tie between Argentina and Denmark in the Artemio Franchi Trophy, held in Mar del Plata. Argentina finally won by penalties and was declared intercontinental champion. 1994 World Cup
Caniggia scored two goals in the 1994 World Cup, both of them in the first round match against Nigeria, the first from a Gabriel Batistuta free kick rebound and second one from a free kick by Diego Maradona, which he finished, putting the ball in top right hand corner. He was taken out of Argentina's third game against Bulgaria 26 minutes into the match in the boiling heat of Dallas, an Argentine team who were also without Maradona. He was left out of the Argentine squad for the team's Round of 16 match against Romania in Los Angeles; Argentina lost 3–2 and were out of the tournament.2002 World Cup
After refusing to cut his long hair despite the rules of national coach Daniel Passarella, he was frozen out of the national team for a number of years. He made a brief comeback to the Marcelo Bielsa-coached squad for the 2002 World Cup, but did not play. He received a red card for cursing at the referee from the bench in Argentina's last match against Sweden, becoming the first player to be sent off from the bench in a World Cup. Style of play
A quick and physically strong striker, with good technique and dribbling skills, Caniggia was known in particular for his significant speed as a player, and competed in athletics before his football career, taking part in athletic tournaments at the provincial level, running the 100 meters. In addition to his ability to score goals consistently, he was also equally capable of playing off other forwards, and of creating chances for teammates; as such, he was often deployed in deeper roles as an advanced playmaker or creative forward, or even more frequently out wide as a winger. Due to his explosive running, which enabled him to get past opponents consistently, throughout his career, he was nicknamed El Hijo del Viento ("Son of the Wind") and El Pájaro ("The Bird"). Despite his reputation as one of Argentina's greatest players ever, he was also known to be a controversial player.In addition to his playing ability and goalscoring, Caniggia stood out for his recogniseable long blonde hair. Personal life
Caniggia was married to Mariana Nannis. They had three children: son Kevin Axel, son Alexander Dimitri, and daughter Charlotte Chantal. In September 2019, Caniggia asked his wife for a divorce and started dating Sofia Bonelli, a 26-year-old Argentine model. In November 2019 he and Bonelli got married in Tulum, Mexico. Honours
River Plate
Primera División Argentina: 1985–86
Copa Libertadores: 1986
Intercontinental Cup: 1986
Copa Interamericana: 1986

Roma

 Coppa Italia (runner-up): 1992–93

Rangers
Scottish Premier League: 2002–03
Scottish Cup: 2001–02, 2002–03
Scottish League Cup: 2001–02, 2002–03

Qatar SC
Qatar Cup: 2003–04

Argentina
Copa América: 1991
Confederations Cup: 1992
Artemio Franchi Trophy: 1993
FIFA World Cup runner-up: 1990

References

External links

Short biography
Profile at Argentine Soccer

1967 births
Living people
Argentine people of Italian descent
People from Hipolito Yrigoyen Partido
Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province
Argentine footballers
Association football forwards
Club Atlético River Plate footballers
Hellas Verona F.C. players
Atalanta B.C.players
A.S. Roma players
S.L. Benfica footballers
Boca Juniors footballers
Dundee F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Qatar SC players
Wembley F.C. players
Argentine Primera División players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Primeira Liga players
Scottish Premier League players
Qatar Stars League players
Argentine sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in association football
Argentina international footballers
1987 Copa América players
1989 Copa América players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
1991 Copa América players
1992 King Fahd Cup players
1994 FIFA World Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
Copa América-winning players
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
Argentine expatriate footballers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Scotland
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Scotland
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in England

masks:
Claudio Paul Caniggia
Caniggia
Caniggia
Claudio
Caniggia
Caniggiamio