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<mask> (born 29 February 1980) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in the Heavyweight division. A professional competitor since 2004, he has also competed for the UFC, Shooto, and Professional Fighters League. Mixed martial arts career

Brazilian circuit
On 12 April 2013, he faced Brazilian prospect Simao Melo da Silva for the WOCS Light Heavyweight Championship. <mask> won the fight via rear-naked choke. He vacated the title shortly after the fight, after getting called from the UFC to be a late-fight replacement. Shooto Brazil
Towards the beginning of his career, <mask> competed at Shooto Brazil 11 on 28 March 2009, against Roque Oliver. He won by submission (rear-naked choke).Shortly after the fight he was signed to a four-fight contract. He fought at the next event as well, fighting Levi da Costa on 30 May 2009. He won the fight by doctor stoppage. After a long hiatus, <mask> returned on 10 March 2012, when he faced Falco Neto Lopes at Shooto Brazil 28. <mask> won via guillotine choke. On 23 November 2012, <mask> fought for the vacant Shooto Brazil Light Heavyweight championship, as he faced number one contender Cristiano Souza. <mask> won the fight by doctor stoppage to win the championship.However he vacated the title, little over a year later to fight in the UFC. Desert Force Championship
In November 2010, <mask> signed with upstart Jordan promotion Desert Force Championship (DFC). He made his DFC debut on 8 December 2010, against Abhijeet Petkar. <mask> won via head kick KO. Then on 19 May 2011, he faced Russian prospect Baga Agaev at DFC 2. He lost the fight when Agaev landed a blistering punch that knocked <mask> down, and then landed multiple knees before the referee stepped in to stop the fight. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut on 3 August 2013, when he faced fellow Brazilian Ednaldo Oliveira, after Oliveira's original opponent Robert Drysdale was forced out of the bout due to injury.<mask> won via unanimous decision. <mask> faced UFC newcomer Hans Stringer at UFC Fight Night 38 on 23 March 2014. He lost the back-and-forth fight via split decision. <mask> was expected to face Patrick Cummins at UFC Fight Night: Henderson vs. Khabilov on 7 June 2014. However, <mask> was forced to pull out of the bout due to injury. <mask> was expected to face Ovince St. Preux on 8 November 2014 at UFC Fight Night 56, replacing Rafael Cavalcante. In turn, this fight was scrapped when St. Preux was tabbed as a replacement in the event headliner.<mask> faced Ryan Jimmo on 30 May 2015 at UFC Fight Night 67. He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face promotional newcomer Abdul-Kerim Edilov on 17 January 2016 at UFC Fight Night 81. However, Edilov pulled out of the fight in the days leading up to the event citing a knee injury and was replaced by fellow newcomer Elvis Mutapčić. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Nikita Krylov on 8 May 2016 at UFC Fight Night 87. He lost the fight via submission in the second round.<mask> was expected to face C. B. Dollaway on 10 September 2016 at UFC 203. On the day of the event, Dollaway suffered a back injury at his hotel due to a malfunctioning elevator and was unable to participate. As a result, <mask> was also removed from the event. <mask> faced promotional newcomer Darren Stewart on 19 November 2016 at UFC Fight Night 100. He lost the bout via TKO in the first round, as he was dazed by an inadvertent headbutt which went unnoticed by the referee and preceded the TKO stoppage. Eventually the result was overturned to "No Contest" by the Comissão Atlética Brasileira de MMA (CABMMA). A rematch with Stewart took place on 18 March 2017 at UFC Fight Night 107.<mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced promotional newcomer Aleksandar Rakić on 2 September 2017 at UFC Fight Night 115. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Gian Villante on 20 January 2018 at UFC 220. He lost via split decision . Personal life
In 2016 he proposed to his girlfriend Milenna Tonnera with whom he lived together for more than two years at the moment just after the fight. <mask> has a son and a daughter.In 2021 he married Anastasia Motyashova and moved to Moscow.

masks:
Francimar Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso
Barroso


type: original

texts:
<mask> ( ; born 2 May 1983) is a Ghanaian former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Born in Ghana, <mask> went on to play professional football in Greece, Sweden, Israel, Germany, Spain, Ukraine, England, and the United States during a career that spanned between 1999 and 2017. A full international between 2001 and 2013, he won 47 caps for the Ghana national team and represented his country at the 2006 and 2010 FIFA World Cups. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born in Accra, Greater Accra, where he played for the local side Liberty Professionals. Greece
He signed for Kalamata F.C. in Greece when he was 16. In 2001, <mask> joined another Greek Super League club Panathinaikos.In 2002, <mask> was unable to keep his place in the Panathinaikos squad and was sent on loan to OFI Crete. AIK
He signed for AIK in August 2003. In the 2004 season, AIK was relegated from Allsvenskan for the third time in the history of the club. In the following season, AIK gained promotion after winning the Superettan, distancing runners-up Östers IF by nine points. <mask> extended his contract with AIK for one more year until the end of 2007. When he left for Beitar Jerusalem, <mask> stated in an interview that he loves Sweden and AIK, and that he one day will come back to Allsvenskan and AIK the team he supports. Beitar Jerusalem
In July 2006, <mask> signed with Beitar Jerusalem until January 2009.<mask> helped Beitar Jerusalem to win the league for the fifth time in their history, and for the first time for 10 years, contributing four goals in the campaign. The 2007–08 season started off poorly for <mask>, as he got sent off during Beitar Jerusalem's first official game of the season, in leg one of the second qualifying round for the 2007–08 UEFA Champions League, away to F.C. Copenhagen. Beitar Jerusalem lost 2–1 on aggregate and were eliminated. <mask> ended the season with another championship for Beitar Jerusalem. At the Israel State Cup final, <mask> missed a penalty in a thrilling penalty shootout against Hapoel Tel Aviv, but Beitar Jerusalem secured the title with a 5–4 win at the shootout, and secured an historical double. The 2008–09 season started with yet another early elimination at the second qualification round for the UEFA Champions League, this time with a 5–0 away defeat to Wisła Kraków, and 6–2 in aggregate.Köln and Getafe
On 21 January 2009, <mask> signed a four-year contract with 1. FC Köln. However, on 31 July 2009, Getafe CF signed him from Köln for one million euros. He stayed at the Spanish club for just over two seasons, making 61 appearances and scoring two goals. Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk
On 20 June 2011, <mask> completed a move to Ukrainian club FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk, signing a four-year contract. For Dnipro <mask> mostly played in the 2011–12, while the next season he was side benched by the head coach after playing the first couple of games for the first team. Later after playing some games for the reserve team, <mask> lost interest of playing for the club at all.Fulham
In May 2013, <mask> confirmed that he had moved on a free transfer to Premier League side Fulham on Ghanaian radio. He said, "I have signed a two-year deal with Fulham and will be training with them for the first time [on Tuesday]. "I believe it’s a good move and I’m finally happy to see this deal [confirmed]." Fulham officially confirmed <mask> signed a one-year deal with an option for a further year on 22 May 2013. He featured in the 2013–14 English Premiership opener against Sunderland where he played only 65 minutes and was substituted by Giorgos Karagounis. Rayo Vallecano and Eibar
After his contract with Fulham expired, he decided to join Spanish club Rayo Vallecano on 3 June 2014. However, only two months later, he was deemed surplus to requirements by manager Paco Jémez, and rescinded his link with the Madrid outfit on 18 August.Hours after rescinding with Rayo, <mask> signed a one-year deal with fellow league club SD Eibar. Rayo OKC
On 25 January 2016, <mask> signed with expansion side Rayo OKC of the North American Soccer League. OFI FC
On 30 January 2017, <mask> signed with Football League side OFI Crete F.C. till the end of the season. It is expected with his experience to help the club in his effort to be promoted in the Superleague Greece. International career

While playing for Panathinaikos in 2001, <mask> also played for the Ghana national football team at the FIFA World Youth Championship in Argentina, in which Ghana progressed to the final. After participating in a friendly with Ghana against French club Nice, he was selected for the Ghana squad at the 2006 FIFA World Cup.He made his first FIFA World Cup appearance on 17 June 2006, when he replaced Otto Addo at half-time in the 2–0 win against the Czech Republic. He was also selected for the national team for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, in which Ghana progressed to the quarter-finals. Career statistics

International
Appearances and goals by national team and year

Honours
AIK
 Superettan: 2005

Beitar Jerusalem
 Israeli Premier League: 2006–07, 2007–08
 Israel State Cup: 2008
Ghana U20
 FIFA World Youth Championship runner-up: 2001
Individual
2007–08 Israeli Premier League Best Foreign Player of the Year

References

External links

 <mask> at aik.se

1983 births
Living people
Ghanaian footballers
Sportspeople from Accra
Mfantsipim School alumni
Ghana international footballers
Ghana under-20 international footballers
1. FC Köln players
Panathinaikos F.C. players
Kalamata F.C. players
AIK Fotboll players
Getafe CF footballers
OFI Crete F.C. players
FC Dnipro players
Liberty Professionals F.C.players
Allsvenskan players
Superettan players
Super League Greece players
Football League (Greece) players
Israeli Premier League players
Bundesliga players
La Liga players
Ukrainian Premier League players
Beitar Jerusalem F.C. players
Ghanaian expatriate footballers
2006 FIFA World Cup players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
Fulham F.C. players
Rayo Vallecano players
SD Eibar footballers
Rayo OKC players
Premier League players
North American Soccer League players
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Ukraine
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Ukraine
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in England
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Ghanaian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Association football midfielders

masks:
Derek Owusu Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Derek
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Boateng
Derek Boateng


texts:
<mask>'Mullane (3 December 1842 – 20 December 1866) was an Australian cricketer and Australian rules footballer. Born and raised in Melbourne, Victoria, O'Mullane was a standout cricketer from an early age, and came to be regarded as his colony's premier wicket-keeper. During the winter months, he excelled as a footballer in the nascent Australian game, receiving praise for his courage and strength. O'Mullane's promising career was cut short when he died of tuberculosis, aged 24. Family and early years

O'Mullane was born in Melbourne on 3 December 1842, of Anglo-Celtic descent. He was one of five siblings. His father, Dr. Arthur O'Mullane of Cork, Ireland, graduated as a Doctor of Medicine at the University of Glasgow in 1838.The following year, he arrived in Australia's Port Phillip District aboard the William Metcalfe on 15 November, along with Miss Maria Elizabeth Barber, formerly of Keyingham near Hull, Yorkshire, whom he married in 1840. They settled in Melbourne, and Arthur established himself as a leading physician in the fledgling port city, taking up government and medical positions, and was one of the first honorary physicians elected to the Melbourne Hospital. He took up land speculation and became part-owner of the Port Phillip Gazette in the 1840s, and in 1852, purchased the Bourke Street residence of Sir Redmond Barry, the famous Supreme Court Judge and founder of the State Library of Victoria. Around this time, Elizabeth O'Mullane and her children, including <mask>, were depicted in a family portrait by colonial artist William Strutt, now held at the National Gallery of Victoria. <mask>, along with his brother Arthur, attended the Melbourne Grammar School, and each successively captained the school's cricket team. One of their classmates, John Conway, also excelled at cricket, and would go on to play for Victoria alongside <mask>. Cricket
O'Mullane joined the East Melbourne Cricket Club, which he went on to regularly captain, and was soon recognised as Victoria's premier wicket-keeper.In 1861, while still a student at Melbourne Grammar School, O'Mullane represented Victoria against H. H. Stephenson's XI, the first English cricket team to tour Australia. It was during these matches against the English that O'Mullane's abilities as a cricketer were first widely recognised, and it was remarked that he played "as coolly as a veteran." O'Mullane was reported as being "up country" when <mask>'s All-England Eleven was in Melbourne during the 1863–64 season, and therefore missed out on playing against the tourists. When several professional members of the Victoria XI defected to New South Wales ahead of the December 1865 intercolonial match between the two colonies, O'Mullane was selected to play for Victoria at the insistence of its captain, Tom Wills. O'Mullane put in a career-best performance behind the wickets and ended on 33 not out in a thrilling partnership with Wills, who scored the first half century in intercolonial cricket (58), leading Victoria to an against-the-odds win. It was to be O'Mullane's solitary first-class appearance. O'Mullane played in his last club cricket match in October 1866.A left-handed batsman, O'Mullane played without any pretense to style according to cricketer and journalist William Hammersley, but "was a hard, determined hitter ... a very fast run-getter, and fond of taking liberties with the bowling." He was not the most elegant wicket-keeper, but "hard as nails", unflinching and equally good on the leg side as on the off. Though he could successfully keep wicket for all types of bowlers, he had a perceived preference for pacemen. As a captain, wrote The Australasian, O'Mullane was prone to causing disputes with an "energy of character" that was not always "tempered by tact and discretion". At his club, East Melbourne, he was considered "a bit of a 'martinet' ... but all the same a real good skipper." Football

In August 1858, O'Mullane played for Melbourne Grammar against Scotch College in what is claimed by some to be the first match of Australian rules football. This 40-a-side contest, played over three consecutive Saturdays on the Richmond Paddock next to the Melbourne Cricket Ground, ended in a draw with each team scoring one goal.One spectator recalled:

While O'Mullane represented several football clubs during his career (as was common in those days), including St Kilda and Melbourne, he is most often associated with South Yarra. Apart from being a standout player, O'Mullane also worked as a club administrator and umpired matches between other teams. In May 1866, when the code was updated at a meeting of eight club delegates chaired by H. C. A. Harrison, O'Mullane was one of two players appointed to represent South Yarra. In September of that year, in his last match, he captained the club to victory against Melbourne to gain permanent possession of the Challenge Cup. The club's fortunes declined soon after his death four months later  and South Yarra folded at the start of 1873, having not won a match since 1868. O'Mullane "loved nothing more than a rough, tough, energetic game", and it was said that only Tom Wills could match his "pluck and skill" as a footballer. According to a teammate, O'Mullane's reputation as a first-rate boxer was enough to dissuade the opposition from getting into melees with his club.Harrison remembered O'Mullane as a strong, but good-tempered player, and stated that "it was a pleasure to meet him on the football field—even when the meeting was shoulder to shoulder, and you happened to get the trifle worst of it." O'Mullane was retrospectively named a "Champion of the Colony" for 1861 in early football historian C. C. Mullen's subjective season-by-season ranking of players, and in The Australian Game of Football Since 1858 (2008), published by the AFL, he was placed among the five best players of the 1860s. There have been calls for O'Mullane to be inducted into the Australian Football Hall of Fame, along with other "neglected heroes" of the game's pioneering phase. Death
O'Mullane died of tuberculosis at his East Melbourne residence on 20 December 1866, aged twenty-four. His obituary in The Australasian remembered him as "undoubtedly the best wicket-keeper Victoria has produced", and stated that "it would be difficult to name his superior [at football] in the colony". William Hammersley agreed:

See also
 List of Australian rules footballers and cricketers
 List of Victoria first-class cricketers

References

Bibliography

Books

Journals

Webpages

1842 births
1866 deaths
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Irish descent
People educated at Melbourne Grammar School
Australian cricketers
Victoria cricketers
Cricketers from Melbourne
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian rules football umpires
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Tuberculosis deaths in Victoria (Australia)
Wicket-keepers

masks:
George Jeremiah Patrick O
George
George
George
George Parr


texts:
<mask>d, born Alexander Siegfried George Hackenschmied, known later as Alexander Hammid (17 December 1907, Linz – 26 July 2004, New York City) was a Czech-American photographer, film director, cinematographer and film editor. He immigrated to the U.S. in 1938 and became involved in American avant-garde cinema. He is best known for three films: Crisis (1939), Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) and To Be Alive! (1964). He made Meshes of the Afternoon with Maya Deren, to whom he was married from 1942 to 1947. His second marriage was to the photographer Hella Heyman, who had also collaborated with Hammid and Deren on several films. He won the 1965 Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject) for To Be Alive!(1964), which he co-directed with Francis Thompson. Career in Czechoslovakia and the U.S.
Born in Linz, Austria-Hungary to the son of a school-teacher, he changed his name to Alexander Hammid when he became a citizen of the United States in 1942. He is best known for his work in documentary film, both as a director, cameraman, and editor. According to Jaroslav Anděl's biography of Hackenschmied, in 1930, Hackenschmied created his first film Bezúčelná procházka (Aimless Walk) which inaugurated the movement of avant-garde film in Czechoslovakia. The same year he also organized the Exhibition of New Czech Photography in the Aventinská Mansarda—a showcase for artists of the Aventinum publishing house in Prague—and the first show of European avant-garde films in the Kotva Cinema, also in Prague. He contributed to the illustrated weekly Pestrý týden and also published a number of articles on photography and film, in which he formulated the new aesthetics of both fields. Before emigrating from Czechoslovakia, Hackenschmied worked for the Baťa Film Studio in Zlín, founded by Jan Antonín Baťa in the 1930s who hired young filmmakers and artists to develop modern films, primarily for advertising.While employed there, Hackenschmied made numerous advertising and documentary films. One of the most famous was a four minute commercial for Bata tires called The Highway Sings. Created together with director Elmar Klos and cinematographer Jan Lukas in 1937, it featured an avant-garde style montage of auto tires in motion. During the late 1930s he collaborated with the American filmmaker Herbert Kline on the feature-length documentary Crisis (1939) and moved to the USA where he met and married Maya Deren. Together they made Meshes of the Afternoon (1943), a experimental film with the directors playing the two protagonists. He also directed the documentaries The Forgotten Village (1941), The Valley of the Tennessee (1944), and A Better Tomorrow (1945). Hammid also made the 22-minute short The Private Life of a Cat (1947).This short film was part narrative, part documentary about cats and their daily lives. The film starts off with two cats, a male and a female. The female is eventually impregnated by the male cat, and begins to search for shelter for when she gives birth to her kittens. The film shows her giving birth to five kittens in graphic detail. In 1944, he directed a documentary featuring conductor Arturo Toscanini, Hymn of the Nations, produced by the Office of War Information. He also appeared in Maya Deren's At Land (1944), a 15-minute silent experimental film. His documentary Library of Congress (1945) was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Short Documentary.Through the 1950s and 1960s Hammid made documentaries. In 1951, Hackenschmied and Gian Carlo Menotti co-directed the film version of Menotti's opera The Medium. Hammid directed his final film, To Be Alive! (1964), for screening at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The film won an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short in 1965. Hammid worked in partnership with filmmaker Francis Thompson (1908–2003) for over 25 years, producing numerous “in-house” documentaries as well as several films for general viewership. One of the best known of these is the first IMAX format film, To Fly!(1976), which premiered at the Smithsonian Institution’s National Air and Space Museum (NASM) at the museum’s grand opening celebration on July 1, 1976. Produced in conjunction with MacGillivray Freeman Films, it continues to play regularly at the Air and Space Museum. During his years with Francis Thompson, Inc., Hammid went on to be involved with several other early IMAX films. Graeme Ferguson, co-founder of IMAX Corporation (speaking at Francis Thompson’s memorial service in 2004) recalled how he had wanted Hammid and Thompson to make the first commercial Imax films because of their extensive work in earlier large-scale multi-screen films including To Be Alive! (which won an Oscar after being shown at the New York World's Fair in 1964), We Are Young (on six screens for the Montreal World's Fair/Expo 67 in 1967) and US (for San Antonio's Hemisfair in 1969). Legacy
Austrian film director, Martina Kudláček directed, documentary, Aimless Walk: Alexander Hammid (1996) based on his life and work. In 2006, MoMA organized a tribute film exhibition titled, "Alexander Hammid: A Memorial Salute" based on its film archives.The Academy Film Archive has preserved Arturo Toscanini: Conducting Music of Giuseppe Verdi and Library of Congress by <mask> Hackenschmied. Filmography

Director
 Aimless Walk (1930)
 The Prague Castle (1932)
 Crisis (1939)
 The Forgotten Village (1941)
 Meshes of the Afternoon (1943)
 Valley of the Tennessee (1944)
 The Private Life of a Cat (1944)
 Hymn of the Nations (1944)
 Library of Congress (1945)
 A Better Tomorrow (1945)
 Marriage Today (1950)
 Angry Boy (1950)
 Of Men and Music (1951)
 The Gentleman in Room 6 (1951)
 Power Among Men (1959)
 To Be Alive! (1964)
 To Fly! (1976)

Editor
 Loupežník (1931)
 Zem spievá (1933, The Earth Sings)
 A život jde dál (1935)
 Crisis (1939)
 The Photographer (1948)
 The Medium (1951)
 Miracle in Java (1956)
 Out (1957)
 To Be Alive! (1964)

See also
Book: Michael Omasta (ed. ): Tribute to Sasha (Vienna: SYNEMA, 2002) (German/English)
Documentary Film: Aimless Walk: Alexander Hammid (1996, 48 minutes) directed by Martina Kudlacek

References

External links

Czech avant-garde pioneer <mask> Hackenschmied (Hammid) dies at 96 Radio Prague article. Private Life of a Cat (1947) at the Internet Archive
To Fly details at MacGillivray Freeman Films
Bata company history

1907 births
2004 deaths
Czech photographers
American experimental filmmakers
American documentary filmmakers
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
People from Linz
American film editors
American cinematographers
Documentary film editors
Directors of Best Documentary Short Subject Academy Award winners
Czech film directors
Czech experimental filmmakers

masks:
Alexandr Hackenschmie
Alexandr
Alexandr


texts:
<mask> (born February 27, 1977) is a computer scientist and cybersecurity expert whose data-security software has been adopted by a number of widely used open-source projects. His research centers on software update systems, security, and virtualization, with a focus on real-world security problems. <mask> has been a faculty member at New York University Tandon School of Engineering since 2011, and was awarded tenure in 2017. Now an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, he has introduced a number of new software products and system protocols as head of the school's Secure Systems Laboratory. These include technologies that detect and isolate security faults, secure private data, provide a secure mechanism for fixing software flaws in different contexts, and even foster a deeper understanding about how to help programmers avoid security flaws in the first place. Recognizing the practical impact of his work, Popular Science selected Cappos as one of its Brilliant 10 in 2013, naming him as one of 10 brilliant scientists under 40. His awareness of the risks of today's connected culture—a knowledge strong enough to keep him from owning a smartphone or other connected device, or from using social media like Facebook and Twitter—has led to numerous requests to serve as an expert commentator on issues of cyber security and privacy for local, national, and international media.Education and early research initiatives
The topic of Cappos' Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Arizona was the Stork Project,  a software package manager he built with John H. Hartman, a professor in the Department of Computer Science. Stork is still used today in some applications, but, more importantly, the project called attention to the need for improved security for software update processes, a research area Cappos has continued to pursue. While a post-doctoral researcher at the University of Washington in 2009, Cappos also developed a peer-to-peer computing platform called Seattle, which allows device-to-device connectivity in a decentralized network. Seattle is currently used by thousands of developers, who can access, download, and use the program on any type of smart device. In addition, spin-off technologies, such as Sensibility Testbed, have extended the use of Seattle's security and enforced privacy protection strategies, allowing researchers to collect data from sensors at no risk to the privacy of the device owner. Compromise-resilient strategies
In 2010, Cappos developed The Update Framework (TUF), a flexible software framework that builds system resilience against key compromises and other attacks that can threaten the integrity of a repository. TUF was designed for easy integration into the native programming languages of existing update systems, and since its inception, it has been adopted or is in the process of being integrated by a number of high-profile open-source projects.One of the more significant earlier adoptions was Docker Content Trust.an implementation of the Notary project from Docker that deploys Linux containers. Notary, which is built on TUF, can certify the validity of the sources of Docker images. In October 2017, Notary and TUF were both adopted as hosted projects by the Linux Foundation as part of its Cloud Native Computing Foundation. In December 2019, TUF became the first specification and first security-focused project to graduate from CNCF. TUF has also been standardized in Python, and been independently implemented in the Go language by Flynn, an open-source platform as a service (PaaS) for running applications in production. To date, the list of tech companies and organizations using TUF include IBM, VMware, Digital Ocean, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Leap, Kolide, Docker, and Cloudflare. Another significant compromise-resilient software update framework by Cappos is the 2017 launch of a TUF-adapted technology called Uptane.Uptane is designed to secure software updates for automobiles, particularly those delivered via over-the-air programming. Developed in partnership with the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute and the Southwest Research Institute, and in collaboration with stakeholders in industry, academia, and government, Uptane modifies the TUF design to meet the specific security needs of the automotive industry. These needs include accommodating computing units that vary greatly in terms of memory, storage capability, and access to the Internet, while preserving the customizability manufacturers need to design cars for specific client usage. To date, Uptane has been integrated into OTA Plus and ATS Garage, two over-the-air software update products from Advanced Telematic Systems, and is a key security component of the OTAmatic program created by Airbiquity. The Airbiquity project was honored with a BIG Award for Business in the 2017 New Product Category in January 2018, and Popular Science magazine named Uptane one of the top 100 inventions for 2017. The first standard volume issued for the project, entitled IEEE-ISTO 6100.1.0.0 Uptane Standard for Design and Implementation, was released on July 31, 2019. Uptane is now a Joint Development Foundation project of the Linux Foundation, operating under the formal title of Joint Development Foundation Projects, LLC, Uptane Series.Other significant research projects

In 2016, Cappos introduced in-toto, an open metadata standard that provides documentation of the end-to-end security of a software supply chain. The framework gathers both key information and signatures from all who can access a piece of software through the various stages of coding, testing, building and packaging, thus making transparent all the steps that were performed, by whom and in what order. By creating accountability, in-toto can prevent attackers from either directly introducing malicious changes into the code, or from altering the metadata that keeps the record of those changes along the supply chain. in-toto has collaborated with open source communities such as Docker and OpenSUSE. Datadog utilizes both in-toto and TUF. In December of 2020, the framework released its first major version. While working on in-toto, Cappos and the SSL research group identified metadata manipulation as a new threat against Version Control Systems like Git.His team has developed several new approaches to address this problem, including a defense scheme that mitigates these attacks by maintaining a cryptographically-signed log of relevant developer actions. By documenting the state of the repository at a particular time when an action is taken, developers are given a shared history, so irregularities are easily detected. One recent accomplishment in this research arena is  Arch Linux integrating a patch to check for invalid tags in git into the next release of its pacman utility. More recently, Cappos and his collaborators have focused on development of a browser extension that can ensure users of convenient web-based hosting services, such as GitHub or GitLab, that the server will faithfully carry out their requested actions. Another Cappos project, developed in 2014, introduced a method to make passwords for databases harder to crack. PolyPasswordHasher, is a secure scheme that interrelates stored password data, forcing hackers to crack passwords in sets. By making it significantly harder for attackers to figure out the necessary threshold of passwords needed to gain access, PolyPasswordHasher-enabled databases become very difficult to breach.PPH is currently used in several projects, including the Seattle Clearinghouse and BioBank. Implementations are available for seven languages, including Java, Python, C, and Ruby. References

External links
 Prof. <mask>, New York University profile page
 <mask>, New York University Tandon School of Engineering profile page
 Secure Systems Laboratory website

Selected publications
 List of Publications from Microsoft Academic Search

Media citations and commentary

 WLIW 21-PBS TV Long Island (26 March 2018). SciTech Now "Protecting today's highly computerized cars from hackers"
 The Verge (14 Feb 2018). O'Kane, Sean. "Chrysler’s over-the-air update fiasco is limited to the Northeast, but customers are still waiting for a fix"
 WBRC Ch.6-TV (4 Jan 2018). Gauntt, Joshua."Charging your phone in ride-sharing services, airports could put your information at risk"
 Healthcare Analytics (29 Dec 2017) Steptoe, George. "The Worst Healthcare Cybersecurity Breaches of 2017"
 IEEE CyberSecurity (4 Oct 2017). “<mask>s on why cars are not like computers when it comes to Cybersecurity”
 The Washington Post (11 July 2017) “Hackers have been stealing credit card numbers from Trump’s Hotels for Months”
 AdAge (27 June 2017) “Pay up or lose everything: What Madison Avenue should know about the WPP Ransom Attack”
 KSTX-Texas Public Radio (21 June 2017) All Things Considered "Software Protecting Future Cars, Starting To Make Inroads"
 Financial Times (14 June 2017). “Three US banks chiefs fall victim to email pranksters”
 Fox 5-TV News (23 May 2017) Toohey, Joe. "Can big data analysis swing a political election?" Fox 5-TV News  (15 May 2017) Chi’en, Arthur. "WannaCry malware exploited OS weakness to spread"
 The Los Angeles Times (15 May 2017) Dave, Paresh and James F. Peltz.“WannaCry cyberattack: When a hack shuts down a hospital, who’s to blame”
 BBC (4 May 2017) “Google docs users hit by phishing scam”
 WBUR-NPR Boston (4 May 2017) On Point. "Phishing, Hacks And Better Online Security"
 Reuters (3 May 2017) “Spam campaign targets Google users with malicious link”
 Fox 5-TV News (25 Apr 2017) King, Mac. "You really should read an app's service terms"
 Fox 5-TV News (30 March 2017). "Selling Your Online Search History"
 International Business Times (24 March 2017). “Is Privacy Real? The CIA is Jeopardizing America’s Digital Security”
 WBUR-NPR Boston (17 March 2017), Here and Now, "Researchers Race To Develop Software To Prevent Car Hacking"
 The Washington Post (10 March 2017). “The 42 words you can never say in emails to the D.C. government”
 WNBC-TV New York (9 March 2017).“WikiLeaks to Help Shield Tech Firms From CIA's Hacking Tools”
 Fox 5-TV News (7 March 2017). "WikiLeaks Publishes 1000s of CIA Cyber-espionage Documents"
 Mic (3 March 2017). Pence Email Hack: How the VPs private email debacle compares to Hillary Clinton’s”
 KSTX- Texas Public Radio  (26 January 2017), Here and Now. "A Future Car May Be Protected From Hacking By Software Developed In San Antonio"
 Reuters Live on Facebook (18 January 2017). “How Uptane can Protect Your Car from Hackers”
 WWL AM 870 / FM 105.3 (9 January 2017). "How Did the Russian Hacks Happen?" Fox 5-TV News (18 November 2016)."Are smart devices worth the hacking risk?" WPIX-11-TV News (31 October 2016) Diaz, Mario. "Clinton email investigation bombshell dominates campaign for both candidates”
 CNN Money (15 August 2016) Pagliery, Jose. "Hacker claims to be selling stolen NSA spy tools"
 Vice (6 July 2016) Pearl, Mike. "We Asked a Cybersecurity Expert if Clinton's Email System Could Have Jeopardized National Security"
 Scientific American (23 March 2016) Sneed, Annie. "The Most Vulnerable Ransomware Targets Are the Institutions We Rely On Most"
 PBS Newshour (29 February 2016). "Ransomware attack takes down LA hospital for hours"
 PBS Newshour (18 April 2015)."The hack attack that takes your computer hostage till you pay"
 New York Daily News (4 March 2015). "Should you check your personal email at work?" CBS News (3 December 2014). "5 counterintuitive ways to protect against hackers"
 CBS-TV News (15 August 2014). "How a password manager can help you stay more secure online"
 Varonis (6 January 2015). "Interview With NYU-Poly’s Professor <mask>s: Security Lessons From Retail Breaches" MIT Technology Review'' (21 February 2013) Lim, Dawn. "Startup Red Balloon Security Offers to Protect Printers, Phones, and Other Devices from Hackers"

New York University
1977 births
Living people
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty
Computer security academics

masks:
Justin Cappos
Cappos
Justin Cappos
Justin Cappos
Justin Cappo
Justin Cappo


texts:
<mask>. (born June 20, 1953) is an American real estate developer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for  since 2017. His district includes most of the South Carolina side of the Charlotte metropolitan area, along with outer portions of the Upstate and Midlands. A member of the Republican Party, <mask> served as the South Carolina state representative for the 48th district from 2005 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2017. <mask> won a special election after Mick Mulvaney vacated his seat in Congress upon being appointed director of the Office of Management and Budget by President Donald Trump. As of 2018, with a net worth of $18.3 million, <mask> is the 17th wealthiest member of Congress. Early life and career
<mask> was born in York County, South Carolina, and resides in Rock Hill, where he is a real estate developer at the Warren Norman Company, a business founded by and named after <mask>'s father. He and his wife, Elaine, have 4 children and 17 grandchildren.He received a bachelor's degree in business from Presbyterian College in 1975. South Carolina House of Representatives
In 2004, <mask> was elected to serve District 48 in the South Carolina House of Representatives, winning a three-way Republican primary outright with 52% of the vote. After one term, <mask> chose not to run for reelection so he could become the 2006 Republican candidate for U.S. Congress in South Carolina's 5th congressional district against John Spratt. He lost to Spratt. On November 3, 2009, <mask> defeated Democrat Kathy Cantrell in a special election to reclaim his old seat. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2017 special election

In December 2016, President Donald Trump nominated Mick Mulvaney for Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). At the time, Mulvaney represented South Carolina's 5th Congressional District in the United States House of Representatives.Shortly after the nomination, and in anticipation that Mulvaney's seat in Congress would be vacated once the United States Senate confirmed him, <mask> announced his intention to resign from the South Carolina House of Representatives to run for Congress. On May 16, 2017, <mask> won a Republican primary runoff election against Tommy Pope by a margin of 0.6%, triggering an automatic recount per South Carolina state law. Following that recount, the South Carolina State Election Commission certified <mask> as the Republican nominee on May 19, 2017. With 35,425 votes cast, <mask> received 17,823 to Pope's 17,602, a 221-vote difference. Having secured the Republican nomination, <mask> faced Democratic nominee Sumter attorney Archie Parnell in a special election on June 20. <mask> received 51.0% of the vote to Parnell's 47.9%. <mask> was sworn into office on June 26, 2017.2018

On March 19, 2018, <mask> filed for reelection with the South Carolina Election Commission. Facing no primary challengers, he secured the Republican party nomination after the primary election on June 12. Meanwhile, Parnell chose to run again for South Carolina's 5th Congressional District seat. He defeated three opponents to win the Democratic nomination, and faced <mask> again in the general election. The general election was on November 6. <mask> was reelected with 57.0% of the vote to Parnell's 41.5%. State and national Democrats had distanced themselves from Parnell after news broke that he had abused his first wife.2020
<mask> filed for reelection on March 16, 2020. He secured the Republican nomination after facing no Republican challengers in the primary election on June 12. <mask> went on to defeat Democrat Mauricus "Moe" Brown in the general election on November 3. He received 60.1% of the vote to Brown's 39.9%. Tenure

Sexual assault joke
On September 20, 2018, at an election debate for the Republican nomination, <mask> joked about sexual assault allegations against Supreme Court nominee Brett Kavanaugh. He kicked off the debate asking the audience, "Did y'all hear this latest late-breaking news on the Kavanaugh hearings? ...Ruth Bader Ginsburg came out saying she was groped by Abraham Lincoln."Firearm incident
At a public meeting for constituents on April 6, 2018, <mask> engaged in a conversation with representatives from Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense in America (MDA). During that conversation, he placed his .38-caliber Smith & Wesson handgun on the table to illustrate his belief that "gun violence is a spiritual, mental or people issue, not a gun issue." According to <mask>, the loaded firearm was visible for "maybe a minute, or two minutes" and was never pointed at any individual. But MDA representatives who were seated at the table with <mask> said the firearm was visible for "five to 10 minutes" and that they felt unsafe. <mask> holds a Concealed Weapons Permit issued by South Carolina. The incident sparked widespread criticism of <mask>. On April 9, 2018, South Carolina Democratic Party Chair Trav Robertson wrote the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division a letter requesting felony charges against <mask> for his conduct.The case was originally assigned to South Carolina 16th Solicitor Kevin Brackett, but Brackett recused himself, citing a "personal friendship" with <mask>. The issue was then forwarded to South Carolina Attorney General Alan Wilson, who declined to press charges, stating that <mask>'s actions did not "warrant a criminal investigation" or constitute "a prosecutable offense." Conservative Political Action Conference attendance
In late February 2021, <mask> and a dozen other Republican House members skipped votes and enlisted others to vote for them, citing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. But he and the other members were actually attending the Conservative Political Action Conference, which was held at the same time as their slated absences. In response, the Campaign for Accountability, an ethics watchdog group, filed a complaint with the House Committee on Ethics and requested an investigation into <mask> and the other lawmakers. Conservative Opportunity Society
In 2021, <mask> was elected chair of the Conservative Opportunity Society. COVID-19 pandemic
In 2021, <mask> violated House rules by not wearing a face mask in the House Chamber and was fined $500 as provided by the rules.Despite committing the infraction, he and two other Republican lawmakers sued Speaker Pelosi over the incident. <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 on August 5, 2021, and reported that he had been fully vaccinated and had only mild symptoms. Political positions

Steve King
In 2019, <mask> joined a small group of House Republicans who sought to reinstate Representative Steve King on House committees. King had lost his committee positions due to a series of racist and white nationalist remarks. The group included Louie Gohmert and Paul Gosar. King was not reinstated. Donald Trump
<mask> was described as a Trump ally during Donald Trump's presidency.After Joe Biden won the 2020 presidential election and Trump made claims of election fraud, <mask> called for an investigation into fraud. In December 2020, <mask> was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state. After Trump was impeached for his role in inciting a pro-Trump mob to storm the U.S. Capitol over false claims of election fraud, <mask> criticized Representative Liz Cheney for voting to impeach Trump. <mask> said he was bothered by Cheney's attitude, telling her, "You’ve got a defiant attitude." U.S. Capitol Police
In June 2021, <mask> was one of 21 House Republicans to vote against a resolution to give the Congressional Gold Medal to police officers who defended the U.S. Capitol on January 6. Juneteenth
In June 2021, <mask> was one of 14 House Republicans to vote against legislation to establish June 19, or Juneteenth, as a federal holiday.Afghanistan
In July 2021, <mask> was one of five House Republicans to vote against a bill that clears $2.1 billion for Afghan visas and Capitol Hill security. Ukraine
In February 2022, <mask> co-sponsored the Secure America's Borders First Act, which would prohibit the expenditure or obligation of military and security assistance to Kyiv over the U.S. border with Mexico. Committee assignments

Committee on Oversight and Reform
Subcommittee on Government Operations
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
Subcommittee on Energy
Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Committee on the Budget

Caucus memberships

Republican Study Committee
Freedom Caucus
Congressional Solar Caucus
Congressional Western Caucus
Congressional Waste-Cutters Caucus

Electoral history

References

External links
 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 Campaign website

 Official Biography, South Carolina House of Representatives

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1953 births
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American politicians
American real estate businesspeople
American nationalists
Businesspeople from South Carolina
Candidates in the 2006 United States elections
Living people
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
People from Rock Hill, South Carolina
Presbyterian College alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
South Carolina Republicans

masks:
Ralph Warren Norman Jr
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texts:
Saint <mask> or <mask>, also known in French as Saint Merri or Médéric (died 29 August 700), was a monk and a hermit, who is considered patron saint of the right bank of the river Seine in central Paris. Early life
Born into an illustrious family in the Morvan near Autun, he was offered at the age of 13 as an oblate at the Abbey of St. Martin, Autun. He receives an education of prayer, obedience and chastity. The oblate crowned with flowers, double symbol of innocence and sacrifice, was led to the church surrounded by his relatives and their friends. The religious assembled in the choir prayed for the one whom their adoption would initiate to the labors and the joys of a new family. The celebrant began the divine service and called on his head the grace of Christ. After the gospel, the oblate approached the altar carrying a host and a chalice with a little wine which the priest received as a deposit to the Lord.His father or his parents wrapped his hand and offering in the altar cloth, which was spread over him as a sign of adoption by the Church. After warning the child of the austerities of the monastic life, he read to him the rule of St. Benedict and the parents pledged for him. His hair was shaved and he put on the monks' cucula. He was no longer entitled to the paternal inheritance. Around the age of 15, he was allowed to make a profession. Wealthy parents made an offering to the monastery. Career
Mederic astonished the fifty of his classmates by the observance of a rigorous discipline.Barley bread dipped in water was his only food, which he only took twice a week. His eyes still fixed on the Crucifix, he was wearing a hair shirt under his coat. He lived thus for several years, hiding from the other monks. But his reputation for holiness passed the doors of the convent, and celebrity came to fetch him at the end of the cloister. Herald, abbot of Saint-Martin, having died about 680, it is quite naturally that the brothers elected him, following the advice of the bishop of Autun, Hermenarius, who recommended them to choose a pastor able to save the flock of the Christ of the Wolf Tooth. After three days of fasting the monks assembled at the church, sang the Mass of the Holy Ghost, intoned the Veni Creator, and proceeded to the election of their abbot by designating Mederic unanimously. The crowd ran to the monastery.The bishop, hearing him proclaimed from the top of the ambo, addressed the new abbot:  "Flambeau du Christ, vase d'élection du trésor divin, reçois la mesure dispensatoire du Dieu éternel pour nourrir les troupeaux du créateur. Instruis-les par tes conseils et tes préceptes et mérites d'entendre ces paroles du juge miséricordieux : O bon fidèle serviteur, parce que tu as été fidèle en peu de choses, je t'établirai sur beaucoup d'autres, entre dans la joie de ton Seigneur" (Math.25.11)

The more he was raised, the more he faded away. This new life soon weighed on him. His many miracles attracted the crowds. No longer finding in this place peace and deep communion with God, Mederic decided to withdraw into the solitude of the forest of Morvan to finally be alone with God. He built a cell there some distance from Autun but this secret was quickly broken because the monks, plunged in sadness by his disappearance, went in search of him. Mederic not wanting to follow them, they asked the bishop who, threatening excommunication, managed to get him back to the monastery.Later life
Among his clergy the young monk Frodulphe, also known as Saint Frou, was close to the master who had held him on the baptismal font and had educated himself to raise him to the highest degrees of perfection. Frodulphe, enamored of solitude like his master, proposed to him a pilgrimage to the tomb of Saint Denis and Saint Germain, their compatriot, abbot of the Abbey of St. Symphorian, Autun, before becoming bishop of Paris. The two monks took the road to Paris and on the way they multiplied the miracles. The aging Mederic had great difficulty in making this journey on foot, and fell ill on arriving at the Collegiate Church of Saint-Martin de Champeaux, near Melun, where they stopped for several months. The two men spent long hours praying in the church. Sometimes they went to Melun to exercise charity; hearing some of the prisoners moaning from the depths of their cell, Mederic moved his heart and asked God for their deliverance. The doors of the prison opened on their own.His cure delayed, he left the monastery of Champeaux. The people came to make him many gifts which he hastened to distribute to the poor. Halfway to Paris, he cures a poor man's fever answering to the name of Ursus. A woman named Bénédicte recovered health through her intercession. Arrived at Bonneuil-sur-Marne where he learns that two thieves were in chains, he asks God for his intercession and obtains the release of the two men. On the side of Charenton-le-Pont, he delivered another criminal who had broken the bridge. He was again forced to stop by fatigue.It was in this uninhabited place that a chapel was erected to honor its memory, and that some houses were grouped around the building which was at the origin of the village of Saint-Méry, in the diocese of Paris. They decided to make a detour to go to the tomb of Saint Denis and stopped at Thomery. Mederic arrived in Paris. It was near the church of Saint-Pierre-des-Bois that he found refuge in a cell open day and night to the prayers of passers-by. He rested his body broken by fatigue and illness. There, living in recluse, he served God for two years and nine months after having accomplished with joy the purpose of his pilgrimage and kneeling in the church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés at the tomb of the illustrious abbot of the Abbey of St. Symphorian of Autun. Feeling his coming end, the 18th of the calends of September, he died in peace surrounded by many of his disciples.He was buried in St. Peter's Chapel. His tomb was the object of true veneration as miracles took place and Charles the Bald established a cult in his honor. This church was later too small and, falling into ruins, it was rebuilt and transformed into a basilica by Odon the Falconer. Thibert, priest in 884, solicited Gozlin, bishop of Paris, to translate it. The bones of the saint were raised and placed above the altar in a silver shrine enriched with precious stones and supported by two angels. Adalard, former Count of Autun, made for the occasion rich gifts to the new church which was placed under the name of St. Peter and St. Merry. The Abbey of Champeaux, formerly illustrated by its presence, received a portion of its relics; the abbey of St. Martin in Autun founded a solemn Mass in his honor.Left alone, Frodulphe returned to St. Martin. Veneration
The Church of Saint-Merri in Paris is named after him. References

700 deaths
French saints

masks: Mederic Medericus


texts:
<mask> (born June 4, 1952) is an American television writer, director, producer, consultant, story editor, author, composer and actor. He is the creator of Clarissa Explains It All (1991) for Nickelodeon, Bear in the Big Blue House (1997) and The Book of Pooh (2001) for Disney Channel and It's a Big Big World (2006) for PBS. <mask> holds patents for a method of hybrid animation, known as Shadowmation, which combines high-definition virtual-environments with puppets and animatronics, composited and rendered in real time. The production technique was implemented in The Book of Pooh and It's a Big Big World. <mask>'s first novel was Being Audrey Hepburn (2014). A second novel, Things I Can't Explain, is a reimagining of the protagonist in the Clarissa Explains It All television series, in her twenties, published in November 2015. Career and education
<mask> attended Bennington College in Bennington, Vermont, earning a BA in Literature in 1974.He began his career as a writer, video-artist and performance-artist, under the pseudonym Marshall Klugman. An Evening of Stories and Tricks You Won’t See Anywhere, was performed at Dance Theater Workshop in New York City and surrounding venues. His video work of this period includes,  The Marshall Klugman Show (1975) which aired on WNET television. As a short story writer, his work has been published in The New Yorker, Between C & D, the National Lampoon, Glamour, George Meyer's Army Man magazine and Harper’s Bazaar. The Telephone Stories (1979) is <mask>'s series of audio-plays for the telephone, one of the first installations of dial-in art. In addition to being available on a special phone-line, The Telephone Stories toured museums and galleries around the country, including the High Museum and The Boston Institute of Contemporary Art, after premiering at the Whitney Museum, as the department's first audio-only offering. <mask> wrote and acted in Operation X segments for the PBS Series Alive from Off Center, which have been featured in the Walker Art Center and The Paley Center exhibits.During this period <mask> collaborated with Bart Friedman and Nancy Cain of Videofreex on several pieces including "Turkey Dinner" (1982), a precursor to his full length My Neighborhood, funded by the American Film Institute, which aired on WNET/13, and featured a sad sack <mask> gleefully greeting everyone in his neighborhood, who all ignore him. <mask> joined Saturday Night Live in 1980 (season 6), as a performer, writer and filmmaker. During his time there, he made three films:The Dancing Man, Heart to Heart, and Someone is Hiding in My Apartment. He appeared in the sketches "Blame The Kids" and "Virgin Search". He was also a contributor to Michael O'Donoghue's Mr. Mike's Mondo Video (1979), which included <mask>'s shorts, "Cleavage" and "This is a Man in a Dog Suit". A third piece, "The Dancing Belly Button", was not televised but was included in the Anthology Film Archives collection. After leaving Saturday Night Live his work turned markedly toward children's and young adult television programming.Mouseterpiece Theater (1983), hosted by George Plimpton, was directed by <mask> and co-written with Robert Cunniff for The Disney Channel; the show was a spoof on Masterpiece Theatre, but instead of presenting serious works in film, Plimpton would introduce Disney cartoons. Further immersion into writing for children's television programming came from HBO's Encyclopedia (1988), and ALF Tales in 1988. <mask> produced The Sweet Life (1989), and a sketch-comedy program called Higgins Boys and Gruber (1989) for The Comedy Channel. Moving to Nickelodeon, <mask> became involved in the writing and development of Nicktoons in 1991, including Doug, Rugrats, and The Ren & Stimpy Show. <mask> was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for The Ren & Stimpy Show in 1992.Rocko's Modern Life was added to the animated programming in 1993. <mask>issa Explains It All starring Melissa Joan Hart. The series ran for four seasons and <mask> was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 1994, for Outstanding Children's Program.CBS commissioned a pilot for a Clarissa sequel, continuing her story as a young working age adult, but the pilot was not picked up.Mr. Willowby's Christmas Tree (1995), narrated by Kermit the Frog, and Twisted Puppet Theater (1996), had <mask> writing for puppet characters. <mask> created the Emmy Award-winning television series, Bear in the Big Blue House (1997), and created and  directed, The Book of Pooh (2001),  based on the Milne books, both in association with the Disney Channel. Cast with bunraku puppets, both series employed <mask>'s shadowmation technique. <mask> also wrote for Sesame Street characters in the feature film, The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland (1999), co-written with Joey Mazzarino, and produced by The Jim Henson Company. <mask> is the creator, executive producer and co-director of It's a Big Big World which aired on PBS Kids from 2006- 2010. As of 2015, <mask> is a novelist, instructor, and guest-lecturer, living in the Southern California area, and an adjunct professor at the University College Dublin.<mask> has taught webseries development and production and sitcom writing at Stony Brook Southampton, lectures at University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB). <mask> Explains it All, was published in 2015. Filmography
<mask>’s video-art works are in the Castelli-Sonnebend collection, as well as the Paley Center, Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), The Kitchen Center, and the London Institute of Contemporary Arts among others. Television credits

Feature film credits

Awards
<mask> has won three Daytime Emmy Awards and has been nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards, he is the winner of the Directors Guild of America Award (1999), and has been nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award. Bear in the Big Blue House (1997) garnered him two Emmys for Best Direction (in 2000 and 2002), as well as the Directors Guild Award in 1999, and an additional nomination in 2000. His work on The Book of Pooh (2001) was recognized with a Best Direction Emmy in 2002. Other awards include three Parents Choice awards for Clarissa Explains It All (1991), "Clarissa and Peter and the Wolf", and the UNIMA-USA Citation of Excellence for Bear in the Big Blue House, and for The Book of Pooh.It's a Big Big World (2006) received a Webby award, two Emmy Nominations and two Environmental Media Award nominations. Various sources report that <mask> has won four Daytime Emmy Awards, this was due to some confusion as to whom was included on the Win for Rugrats in the Outstanding Animated Program (1992) category. <mask>'s work on Rugrats was nominated for, Outstanding Writing in an Animated Program, in the same year. |}

Writing
<mask> has contributed works to The New Yorker,  the National Lampoon, Glamour magazine, and Harper's Bazaar. At the community level, <mask> serves as the executive editor for the Montecito Morning Mojo, he has written for the Santa Barbara Independent and the Los Angeles Review of Books (LARB). As a screenwriter, <mask> has written for Universal, Disney and Columbia Pictures. <mask> created, produced and wrote screenplays for the television series, Clarissa Explains It All, He wrote the story and co-wrote the screenplay The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland (1999) with Joey Mazzarino for The Jim Henson Company.<mask> is a staff writer at the Montecito Journal, and creator of the Montecito Journal Morning Mojo. In July 2020, <mask> donated his archives and working notes to the University of California, Santa Barbara, Performing Arts Collection. Portions of his performance art and video archives will go to the school's Design & Architecture Museum. Books
 Being Audrey Hepburn: A Novel (2014)
In September 2015, New Form Digital (Brian Grazer - Ron Howard) announced plans to option <mask>'s novel, Being Audrey Hepburn, for screenplay. Things I Can’t Explain: A Clarissa Novel (2015)

Music
<mask> is credited on Peter and the Wolf (1994), a Clarissa narrated version of the Sergei Prokofiev classic, featuring Clarissa & The Straightjackets. His additional songwriting credits are included in the collections: Songs from the Book of Pooh (2002) with Disney, including the closing theme with Brian Woodbury. For the Bear in the Big Blue House series, <mask>'s music credits include: Songs from Jim Henson's Bear in the Big Blue House (2000), More Songs from Bear in the Big Blue House (2002),  Bear's Holiday Celebration (2002) and Greatest Hits'' (2005).Innovation

<mask> is credited with the patented design of the hybrid special-effects technique called Shadowmation, that combines live action puppets, animatronics, and computer animation utilizing video game engines and virtual environments. He holds a variety of patents for hybrid animation technologies. References

External links

Living people
American male screenwriters
American television writers
American television producers
Daytime Emmy Award winners
Directors Guild of America Award winners
American performance artists
American video artists
Stony Brook University faculty
Bennington College alumni
1952 births
American male television writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)

masks:
Mitchell Kriegman
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texts:
was a Japanese actress, who was a member of the all-female musical-performing Takarazuka Revue during the 1930s and the 1940s, best known for her role as an officer's widow in the wartime film , and for being part of the  or Cherry Blossom Unit of traveling shingeki play actors who died as a result of the 1945 Hiroshima bombing. The fate of the Cherry Blossom Unit was later dramatized by playwright Hisashi Inoue, and also made into a feature film by director Kaneto Shindo. The actress appears to have had a long-held desire to perform shingeki plays, but that was not economically viable due to the need to her support her parents and siblings. As a Takarazienne, she had the manga comic artist Osamu Tezuka as a childhood fan who lived on her block, and Astro Boy may have been influenced by <mask>'s performance of Pinochio　("Pinocchio") from April to May, 1942. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born  on 6 August 1913 in Matsuo, a village in Iwate Prefecture. She was the first-born daughter of  and his wife , who both ran a business that made and sold sweets. She moved to Morioka to stay with her uncle 's family, in order to attend the "upper elementary school" there.Later, she and her uncle moved to Otaru, where she attended . Her real name was "Tomi", as officially registered in her koseki (family register). But during childhood, this name provoked the taunting of other children, who chanted the line  from the kabuki play . She therefore decided to re-christen herself , by which she was exclusively known as during her time in the Takarazuka Revue. She later called herself , and her last letter, written four days before her death, was signed with that name. She allegedly chose these aliases from being immersed in onomancy (), a type of fortune-telling based on the name. Takarazuka aspirations

She learned of the existence of the all-girl Takarazuka Revue through girl's magazines, and by the time she graduated (upper) elementary school, she wished to join this musical revue theatrical company, but this was foiled when her mother opposed the decision.During the time she attended the Otaru high school, she had opportunity to see a  for the first time in her life. Her determination to join Takarazuka remained steadfast, and after dropping out of high school, she entered the  (Takarazuka Ongaku Kageki Gakkō) in March 1929. A rather different perspective is taken by other sources, according to which Sonoi as a high schooler went to see a proletarian shingeki play put on by the  (Tsukiji Little Theater) performing on road in Otaru, and thenceforth, her true aspiration was to perform as shingeki actor. However, that would be a road to economic hardship, and instead she entered the Takarazuka School, which paid even first-year students (yoka-sei) a 10 yen (or 15 yen) monthly salary, most of which she would send to her family. One of the principal actors at the Tsukiji Little Theater was , and <mask> <mask> later did indeed retire from Takarazuka to become a shingeki actor under Maruyama's direction. As a student she earned the nickname Hakama from her real name Hakamada,  and was particularly close to her roommate . Takarazuka Revue

In 1930, she became second-year student (yoka-sei) and was now a performing member of the .She was assigned to the  group, and initially performed under the stage name of Kiyono Kasanui making the stage debut in Haru no odori in April. She changed her stage name later that year to <mask> Sonoko. After graduating in 1931, she was assigned to the Tsuki-gumi (Moon) then moved to other troops. In October, she was cast as the old gate-keeper lady in 's Lilac Time, and was praised as "the greatest (fruit of my endeavor) this year" by Ichizō Kobayashi, the head of the Hankyu-Toho conglomerate. Typecasting

She became recognized as a skilled and versatile supporting actress, especially in comedic roles. Her close colleagues Hisako Sakura and  recalled that she excelled in her role as Frédéri's mother in , which was the Takarazuka adaptation of L'Arlésienne. Other comments include: "Not flashy but giving a 'flavorful' performance"(Yoshio Sakurauchi, politician well known as zuka-fans), "Skillfully executes cheery, witty roles" (Ken Harada, another politician), "Skillfully executes cheery, witty roles" (Issei Hisamatsu, Takarazuka stage director and writer).Because she was considered too small of stature for male roles, but largish for female roles, she became type-cast for the sanmaime (a short-of- handsome, comic male) or elderly role. Even though one Takarazuka director,  asserted that the Revue had precious few sanmaime talents, and  "only the truly skilled can execute sanmaime parts", Sonoi herself despised being called sanmaime. Takarazuka Films
In 1938, Takarazuka Films was established, and she was cast in several of its movies, until the production company was forced to shut down in 1941 as the war-times situation turned more serious. She appeared in  ("Female Students of a Military Nation", 1938), Yama to shōjo ("A Mountain and a Girl", 1939),  ("Primrose" 1939), Minami jūjisei ("Southern Cross", 1941). Playing outside repertoires

In January 1941, Sonoi and Toho Studio movie star Hideko Takamine made guest appearances in theatrical productions by comedian Roppa Furukawa's company in Tokyo. This received notice as the first time a current Takarazuka member was seconded to appear on stage elsewhere. According to some sources, Sonoi was specially picked out by playwright  who wrote for Roppa's troupe; Kikuta had already regarded Sonoi as a promising talent and insisted she be cast in his Sekijūji-ki wa sususmu at Takarazuka in 1940.Leaving Takarazuka
Around this time, <mask> had already indicated her inclination to convert to Shingeki acting. Correspondence from Jūzaburō Yoshioka at the Tokyo Takarazuka office shows that management was aware she "wanted to do plays like the Tsukiji" (Tsukiji Little Theater, i.e., shingeki plays), but Yoshioka suggested she settle for performing with Roppa for the time being. In the end, she would not be persuaded to remain, and after starring as the original cast lead in , <mask> resigned from Takarazuka Revue. who wrote the script later recalled being stunned by this choice of casting, but , long-lived doyenne of Takarazuka, revealed that she had been tapped for the part, but lobbied to cede the role to <mask> after learning of her imminent departure. The Takarazuka Revue tried to retain her by offering her terms that would allow her some leeway to perform in film or shingeki theater, but the compensation and performing restrictions they offered were unsatisfactory, according to her correspondence to Shizu Nakai. Film role in Matsu

In 1943, Sonoi was cast opposite top leading actor Tsumasaburō Bandō in , where she played Mrs. Yoshioka, whom Muhōmatsu (or Matsu the Untamed, played by Bandō) becomes romantically but unrequitedly attached to. The film became a box office hit.The child actor billed as Akio Sawamura (actor Hiroyuki Nagato of later years) said he earnestly wished he could marry a woman like Sonoi. The director, Hiroshi Inagaki recalled that Takako Irie and  had been the first choices for the role but were not available, and the offer was made to Sonoi on Sayo's recommendation. Due to success of this film, Daiei offered Sonoi a studio contract, but she declined saying she preferred to continue studying with her theatrical company, Kuraku-za (cf. below). The director, Hiroshi Inagaki was eager to sign <mask> onto his new projects at the time; in later years, the director reflected that <mask> was "not so much a skilled performer as someone with a passion for performing. She had the basics of inhabiting the persona of her role, down pat". Non-musical theater

The theatrical troupe  was formed afterwards, on July 8, 1942 (2 months prior to Sonoi leaving Takarazuka) by  and others, namely Tokuemon Takayama (), Keita Fujiwara (Kamatari Fujiwara), and Musei Tokugawa.Of the initial run of three plays, <mask> was cast in Genkanburo ("entryway bath"). She continued performing for the troupe, appearing in Yume no su ("Dream's nest", 2nd run, June 1943 at the ), Eien no otto ("Eternal husband". 3rd run, January 1944 at the Kokumin Shingekijo). <mask> played the widow's role as in the movie when the troupe produced the theater adaptation of Muhōmatsu no isshō, first in Kuraku-za's 4th run at Hōgakuza in October 1944, after which the troupe took this play on the road, traveling through a large part of Western Japan. After the regional tour finished in December, the bombing raids intensified in Tokyo and food procurement became difficult. The Kuraku-za decided to disband, but Maruyama suggested the members regroup as a traveling troupe with the objective of  the populace beleaguered by war, and twelve other actors joined. They came up with the name "" for the new troupe while they were at the  in <mask>'s hometown of Morioka, Iwate, rehearsing for Shishi ("Lion", written by ).But this name was not made official until June 1945 after they became stationed at Hiroshima. The mobile troupe was only able to do a grand tour briefly, from January to March 1946, travelling to parts of the Kanto area and then Hiroshima. In Kanto they mainly visited manufacturing plant workers, but in Hiroshima they "comfort-visited" wounded soldiers as well. The Nihon Ido Engeki Renmei (Japan Touring Theatre League) then instructed all troupes to cease touring city by city, and perform in the confines of an evacuation (sokai) area. It was decided Kuraku-za would be assigned to stay in Hiroshima or its vicinity. Hiroshima

The choice of Hiroshima as their evacuation zone was a source of consternation for members, because the city remained relatively unscathed despite its military strategic importance, and a major strike was thought imminent. <mask> wrote in April stating that she tried to refuse going to Hiroshima and remain in Tokyo (which had been incinerated in the March bombing), but was pressured to change her mind.Also while she was still at Tokyo, she went to the Toho Studio office asking if there were any film roles for her, which she wanted to take to extricate herself from touring under heavy bombardment. In fact director Kajirō Yamamoto was hoping to cast her in his new film (Kaidanji) but the office replied no, and she had left. The Kuraku-za's mobile unit, now officially renamed  reached Hiroshima on June 22. From July 5, they toured the San'in region. Due to illness, the troupe returned to Hiroshima prematurely ahead of schedule. This marked the end of performance by the Sakura-tai. Members either dropped out of Sakura-tai or left Hiroshima, so that in August only 9 members remained at their office in Hiroshima.Sonoi spent time recuperating in Kobe (at the home of Shizu Nakai and husband Yoshio) August 2 to August 5, returning to Hiroshima on the fateful day. Thus <mask>, Maruyama and others were in Hiroshima when the Atomic Bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945. They both succumbed to the aftereffects shortly thereafter. Hiroshima A-bomb
When the Atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Sonoi was thrown from the hallway to the yard by the blast, and momentarily lost consciousness, but otherwise had no visible wounds. She found actor  (son of Kuraku-za co-founder Tokuemon Takayama aka ) lightly injured, and the two of them fled to  approximately  away. Sadao Maruyama and Midori Naka also left the scene, each separately, but were in poor condition were taken into custody at different locations. The remains of the five others members were found skeletonized at the burning wreck of the office.<mask> and Takayama subsequently took the train and reached the Nakai residence in Kobe. Sonoi's face and clothing were soiled, and she wore a jika-tabi on one foot and a man's shoe on the other, so that she looked "like a beggar" and was nearly beyond recognition. On August 15, when informed the war had ended, Sonoi expressed her gladness at being able to act to her hearts content to Akiko Utsumi who was visiting, and also wrote a letter dated August 17 to her mother Kame in Morioka expressing this sentiment. However, Sonoi's condition deteriorated. Her hair started to fall off at night, before suffering high fever around August 19, according to Mrs. Nakai; Other symptoms such as hematochezia, internal bleeding and delusions also presented. By August 19,  who was a stage director for Sakura-tai tracked Sonoi down, and came to see her at the Nakai residence. Sonoi asked of news about Maruyama, and sensed he must have passed away.On August 21, Sonoi's fever reached 40 degrees C, and Mrs. Utsumi rushed out to procure ice. Sonoi felt the coolness of the chilled gauze, and said "Oh, how good it feels". Those were the last words she uttered before she died. Sonoi's remains were cremated the following day, and her bones and ashes buried in Onryū-ji in Morioka. The story of the Sakura-tai's demise was written up in a book by author  in 1980, which was adapted into the film Sakura-tai chiru (1988) directed by Kaneto Shindō. Legacy

Influence on Tezuka's art
The childhood home of manga artist Osamu Tezuka in Takarazuka, Hyogo belonged to a row of houses dubbed "Musical Theater Tenements" (Kageki nagaya), and Tezuka recalls that <mask> <mask> lived at the end of this block. The manga Ribbon no kishi (Princess Knight) was "totally nostalgia of the Takarazuka Revue", in the comic book artist's own words.He was also a devoted fan of the Takarazuka  production of , and his Astro Boy may have been influenced by it. Matsuo village
In 1989 her birthplace Matsuo, Iwate commemorated the centennial of the founding of the village by holding an exhibit of Sonoi's belongings and related printed paraphernalia, publishing a scrapbook compilation entitled Shiryōshū. Related works
  Sakura-tai zemetsu (1980), a non-fiction account of the demise of the troupe. Kaneto Shindo dir.,  (1988 film), based on Ezu's non-fiction. <mask> was portrayed by . Hisashi Inoue's play  (first run in 1997). <mask> played by  in the original cast.See also
 Midori Naka

Explanatory notes

References
Citations

Bibliography

External links

1913 births
1945 deaths
Hibakusha
Victims of radiological poisoning
Actors from Iwate Prefecture
20th-century Japanese actresses
Japanese civilians killed in World War II

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Keiko Sonoi
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, better known to his contemporaries as , was a prolific woodblock artist of Japan's Meiji (era). Names
Chikanobu signed his artwork . This was his . The artist's  was ; and it was published in his obituary. Many of his earliest works were signed ; a small number of his early creations were simply signed . At least one triptych from 12 Meiji (1879) exists signed . The portrait of the Emperor Meiji held by the British Museum is inscribed .No works have surfaced that are signed either "Toyohara Chikanobu" or "Hashimoto Chikanobu". Military career
Chikanobu was a retainer of the Sakakibara clan of Takada Domain in Echigo Province. After the collapse of the Tokugawa Shogunate, he joined the Shōgitai and fought in the Battle of Ueno. He joined Tokugawa loyalists in Hakodate, Hokkaidō, where he fought in the Battle of Hakodate at the Goryōkaku star fort. He served under the leadership of Enomoto Takeaki and Ōtori Keisuke; and he achieved fame for his bravery. Following the Shōgitai's surrender, he was remanded along with others to the authorities in the Takada domain. Artistic career
In 1875 (Meiji 8), he decided to try to make a living as an artist.He travelled to Tokyo. He found work as an artist for the Kaishin Shimbun. In addition, he produced nishiki-e artworks. In his younger days, he had studied the Kanō school of painting; but his interest was drawn to ukiyo-e. He studied with a disciple of Keisai Eisen and then he joined the school of Ichiyūsai Kuniyoshi; during this period, he called himself Yoshitsuru. After Kuniyoshi’s death, he studied with Kunisada. He also referred to himself as Yōshū.Like many ukiyo-e artists, Chikanobu turned his attention towards a great variety of subjects. His work ranged  from Japanese mythology to depictions of the battlefields of his lifetime to women's fashions. As well as a number of the other artists of this period, he too portrayed kabuki actors in character, and is well known for his impressions of the mie (mise en scène) of kabuki productions. Chikanobu was known as a master of bijinga. images of beautiful women, and for illustrating changes in women's fashion, including both traditional and Western clothing. His work illustrated the changes in coiffures and make-up across time. For example, in Chikanobu's images in Mirror of Ages (1897), the hair styles of the Tenmei era, 1781-1789 are distinguished from those of the Keiō era, 1865-1867.His works capture the transition from the age of the samurai to Meiji modernity, the artistic chaos of the Meiji period exemplifying the concept of "furumekashii/imamekashii". Chikanobu is a recognizable Meiji period artist, but his subjects were sometimes drawn from earlier historical eras. For example, one print illustrates an incident during the 1855 Ansei Edo earthquake. The early Meiji period was marked by clashes between disputing samurai forces with differing views about ending Japan's self-imposed isolation and about the changing relationship between the Imperial court and the Tokugawa shogunate. He created a range of impressions and scenes of the Satsuma Rebellion and  Saigō Takamori. Some of these prints illustrated the period of domestic unrest and other subjects of topical interest, including prints like the 1882 image of the Imo Incident, also known as the   at right. The greatest number of Chikanobu's  appeared in triptych format.These works documented the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. For example, the "Victory at Asan" was published with a contemporaneous account of the July 29, 1894 battle. Among those influenced by Chikanobu were  and . Genres

Battle scenes
Examples of  include:

Examples of scenes from this war include:

Examples of scenes from this war include:

Examples of scenes from this war include:

Examples of scenes from this war include:

Warrior prints
Examples of  include:

Beauty pictures
Examples of  include:

Historical pictures
Examples of  include:
Recent (Meiji era) history

Ancient history

Famous places
Examples of  include:

Portraits
Examples of  include:

Enlightenment pictures
Examples of  include:

Theatre scenes
Examples of  include:

Memorial prints
Examples of  include:

Women's pastimes
Examples of  include:

Emperor Meiji pictures
Examples of Emperor Meiji relaxing include:

Contrast pictures
Examples of  include:

Glorification of the Geisha
Examples of this genre include:

Formats

Like the majority of his contemporaries, he worked mostly in the ōban tate-e format. There are quite a number of single panel series, as well as many other prints in this format which are not a part of any series. He produced several series in the ōban yoko-e format, which were usually then folded cross-wise to produce an album. Although he is, perhaps, best known for his triptychs, single topics and series, two diptych series are known as well.There are, at least, two polyptych prints known. His signature may also be found in the line drawings and illustrations in a number of ehon (絵本), which were mostly of a historical nature. In addition, there are fan prints uchiwa-e (団扇絵), as well as number of sheets of  sugoroku (すごろく) with his signature that still exist and at least three prints in the kakemono-e format were produced in his latter years. Selected works
In a statistical overview derived from writings by and about Hashimoto Toyohara, OCLC/WorldCat encompasses roughly 300+ works in 300+ publications in 2 languages and 700+ library holdings

  (1878)
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  by  (1895)

See also
 List of works by Toyohara Chikanobu
 List of ukiyo-e terms
 War artist

Notes

Further reading
 Cavaye, Ronald; Paul Griffith; Akihiko Senda and Mansai Nomura. (2004). A Guide to the Japanese Stage: from Traditional to Cutting Edge. Tokyo: Kōdansha.;
 Coats, Bruce; Kyoko Kurita; Joshua S. Mostow and Allen Hockley. (2006). Chikanobu: Modernity And Nostalgia in Japanese Prints. Leiden: Hotei. ; ;
 Till, Barry. (2010). "Woodblock Prints of Meiji Japan (1868-1912): A View of History Though Art".Hong Kong: Arts of Asia. Vol. XL, no.4, pp. 76–98. ;

External links

Chikanobu and Yoshitoshi Woodblock Prints in the Claremont Colleges Digital Library
Chikanobu: The Artist's Eye
Ukiyo-e Prints by Toyohara Chikanobu
Biography of <mask> Chikanobu, Artelino
Biography of <mask> Chikanobu, Robyn Butin of Honolulu
Biography of <mask> Chikanobu, Ukiyo-e.com

1838 births
1912 deaths
19th-century Japanese painters
20th-century Japanese painters
20th-century printmakers
Utagawa school

masks: Toyohara Toyohara Toyohara


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Pierre-<mask> (;  ; March 30, 1930 – August 29, 1992) was a French psychoanalyst, political philosopher, semiotician, social activist, and screenwriter. He co-founded schizoanalysis with Gilles Deleuze, and ecosophy with Arne Næss, and is best known for his literary and philosophical collaborations with Deleuze, most notably Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), the two volumes of their theoretical work Capitalism and Schizophrenia. Biography

Clinic of La Borde
<mask> was born in Villeneuve-les-Sablons, a working-class suburb of northwest Paris, France. His father was a factory manager and he was engaged in Trotskyist political activism as a teenager, before studying for a pharmacology degree. He trained under (and was analyzed by) the French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan in the early 1950s. Subsequently, he worked all his life at the experimental psychiatric clinic of La Borde under the direction of Lacan's pupil, the psychiatrist Jean Oury. He first met Oury at a private psychiatric clinic in Saumery in the Loire region at the suggestion of Oury's brother Fernand, who had been Guattari's high school teacher.Guattari followed Oury to La Borde in 1955, two years after it had been established. La Borde was a venue for conversation among many students of philosophy, psychology, ethnology, and social work. One particularly novel orientation developed at La Borde consisted of the suspension of the classical analyst/analysand pair in favour of an open confrontation in group therapy. In contrast to the Freudian school's individualistic style of analysis, this practice studied the dynamics of several subjects in complex interaction. It led Guattari into a broader philosophical exploration of, and political engagement with, a vast array of intellectual and cultural domains (philosophy, ethnology, linguistics, architecture, etc.). 1960s to 1970s
From 1955 to 1965, Guattari edited and contributed to La Voie Communiste (Communist Way), a Trotskyist newspaper. He supported anti-colonialist struggles as well as the Italian Autonomists.Guattari also took part in the G.T.P.S.I., which gathered many psychiatrists at the beginning of the 1960s and created the Association of Institutional Psychotherapy in November 1965. It was at the same time that he founded, along with other militants, the F.G.E.R.I. (Federation of Groups for Institutional Study & Research) and its review Recherche (Research), working on philosophy, psychoanalysis, ethnology, education, mathematics, architecture, etc. The F.G.E.R.I. came to represent aspects of the multiple political and cultural engagements of Guattari: the Group for Young Hispanics, the Franco-Chinese Friendships (in the times of the people's communes), the opposition activities with the wars in Algeria and Vietnam, the participation in the M.N.E.F., with the U.N.E.F., the policy of the offices of psychological academic aid (B.A.P.U. ), the organization of the University Working Groups (G.T.U. ), but also the reorganizations of the training courses with the Centers of Training to the Methods of Education Activities (C.E.M.E.A.)for psychiatric male nurses, as well as the formation of a Fellowship of Nurses (Amicales d'infirmiers) (in 1958), the studies on architecture and the projects of construction of a day hospital for "students and young workers". In 1967, he appeared as one of the founders of OSARLA (Organization of solidarity and Aid to the Latin-American Revolution). In 1968, Guattari met Daniel Cohn-Bendit, Jean-Jacques Lebel, and Julian Beck. He was involved in the large-scale French protests of May 1968, starting from the Movement of March 22. It was in the aftermath of 1968 that Guattari met Gilles Deleuze at the University of Vincennes. Then he began to lay the groundwork for Anti-Oedipus (1972), which Michel Foucault described as "an introduction to the non-fascist life" in his preface to the book. In 1970, he created ), which developed the approach explored in the Recherches journal.In 1973, Guattari was tried and fined for committing an "outrage to public decency" for publishing an issue of Recherches on homosexuality. In 1977, he created the CINEL for "new spaces of freedom" before joining the environmental movement with his "ecosophy" in the 1980s. 1980s to 1990s

In his last book, Chaosmosis (1992), Guattari returned to the question of subjectivity: "How to produce it, collect it, enrich it, reinvent it permanently in order to make it compatible with mutant Universes of value?" This concern runs through all of his works, from Psychoanalysis and Transversality (a collection of articles from 1957 to 1972), through Years of Winter (1980–1986) and Schizoanalytic Cartographies (1989), to his collaboration with Deleuze, What is Philosophy? (1991). In Chaosmosis, Guattari proposes an analysis of subjectivity in terms of four functors: (1) material, energetic, and semiotic fluxes; (2) concrete and abstract machinic phyla; (3) virtual universes of value; and (4) finite existential territories. This scheme attempts to grasp the heterogeneity of components involved in the production of subjectivity, as Guattari understands it, which include both signifying semiotic components as well as "a-signifying semiological dimensions" (which work "in parallel or independently of" any signifying function that they may have).Later years
On 29 August 1992, two weeks after an interview for the Greek television curated by Yiorgos Veltsos, Guattari died in La Borde from a heart attack. In 1995, the posthumous release of Guattari's Chaosophy published essays and interviews concerning Guattari's work as director of the experimental La Borde clinic and his collaborations with Deleuze. The collection includes essays such as "Balance-Sheet Program for Desiring Machines," cosigned by Deleuze (with whom he coauthored Anti-Oedipus and A Thousand Plateaus), and "Everybody Wants To Be a Fascist." It provides an introduction to Guattari's theories on "schizoanalysis", a process that develops Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis but which pursues a more experimental and collective approach towards analysis. In 1996, another collection of Guattari's essays, lectures, and interviews, Soft Subversions, was published, which traces the development of his thought and activity throughout the 1980s ("the winter years"). His analyses of art, cinema, youth culture, economics, and power formations, develop concepts such as "micropolitics," "schizoanalysis," and "becoming-woman," which aim to liberate subjectivity and open up new horizons for political and creative resistance to the standardizing and homogenizing processes of global capitalism (which he calls "Integrated World Capitalism") in the "post-media era." For example, he used the term "micropolitics" to delimit a certain level of observation of social practices (the unconscious economy, where there is a certain flexibility in the expression of desire and institution) and, practically, to define, in a segregated world, the field of intervention of "people who work to interest themselves in the discourse of the other."Works

Works translated into English
 Deleuze, Gilles and <mask>ri. 1972. Anti-Oedipus. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and Helen R. Lane. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol.1 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. 2 vols. 1972–1980. Trans. of L'Anti-Oedipe. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. .
 1975. Kafka: Toward a Minor Literature.Trans. Dana Polan. Theory and History of Literature 30. Minneapolis and London: U of Minnesota P, 1986. Trans. of Kafka: pour une littérature mineure. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. .
 1980.A Thousand Plateaus. Trans. Brian Massumi. London and New York: Continuum, 2004. Vol. 2 of Capitalism and Schizophrenia. 2 vols.1972–1980. Trans. of Mille plateaux. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. .
 1991. What Is Philosophy?. Trans. Graham Burchell and Hugh Tomlinson.London and New York: Verso, 1994. Trans. of Qu'est-ce que la philosophie?. Paris: Les Editions de Minuit. .
 1979. The Machinic Unconscious: essays in schizoanalysis. Trans. Taylor Adkins.Los Angeles, CA: Semiotext(e), 2011. Trans. of L'inconscient machinique: Essais de schizo-analyse. Paris: Recherches. 1977. Molecular Revolution: Psychiatry and Politics. Trans.Rosemary Sheed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984. .
 1989a. Schizoanalytic Cartographies. Trans Andrew Goffey. London and New York: Bloomsbury, 2013. Trans. of Cartographies schizoanalytiques.Paris: Editions Galilée . 1989b. The Three Ecologies. Trans. Ian Pindar and Paul Sutton. London and New York: Continuum, 2000. Trans.of Les trois écologies. Paris: Editions Galilée. .
 1992. Chaosmosis: An Ethico-Aesthetic Paradigm. Trans. Paul Bains and Julian Pefanis. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 1995. Trans.of Chaosmose. Paris: Editions Galilee. .
 1995. Chaosophy (Texts and Interviews 1972 to 1977 ). Ed. Sylvère Lotringer. Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Ser. New York: Semiotext(e). .
 1996.Soft Subversions (Texts and Interviews 1977 to 1985). Ed. Sylvère Lotringer. Trans. David L. Sweet and Chet Wiener. Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Ser. New York: Semiotext(e). .
 1996.The Guattari Reader. Ed. Gary Genosko. Blackwell Readers ser. Oxford and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. .
 2006. The Anti-Oedipus Papers. Ed.Stéphane Nadaud. Trans. Kélina Gotman. New York: Semiotext(e). .
 2015. Lines of Flight: For Another World of Possibilities. Bloomsbury Academic. .
 2015. Machinic Eros: Writings on Japan.Eds. Gary Genosko and Jay Hetrick. Univocal Publishing. .
 2015. Psychoanalysis and Transversality: Texts and Interviews 1955–1971. MIT Press. <mask>, <mask>, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. 2003.The Party Without Bosses: Lessons on Anti-Capitalism From Guattari and Lula. Ed. Gary Genosko. Arbeiter Ring Publishing. .
 <mask>, <mask> and Toni Negri. 1985. Communists Like Us: New Spaces of Liberty, New Lines of Alliance. Trans.Michael Ryan. Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Ser. New York: Semiotext(e), 1990. Trans. of Nouvelles espaces de liberté. Paris: Bedon. .
 <mask>, <mask>, and Suely Rolnik. 1986.Molecular Revolution in Brazil. New York: Semiotext(e), 2008. Trans. of Micropolitica: Cartografias do Desejo. .

Untranslated works
Note: Many of the essays found in these works have been individually translated and can be found in the English collections. La révolution moléculaire (1977, 1980). The 1980 version (éditions 10/18) contains substantially different essays from the 1977 version. Les années d'hiver, 1980-1985 (1986).Un Amour d'UIQ. Scénario pour un film qui manque, edited and with a visual essay by Graeme Thomson & Silvia Maglioni (Paris, Editions Amsterdam, 2012. The edition contains various screenplays and a selection of unpublished archives)

Other collaborations:
 L’intervention institutionnelle (Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot, n. 382 - 1980). On institutional pedagogy. With Jacques Ardoino, G. Lapassade, Gerard Mendel, Rene Lourau. Pratique de l'institutionnel et politique (1985). With Jean Oury and Francois Tosquelles.Desiderio e rivoluzione. Intervista a cura di Paolo Bertetto (Milan: Squilibri, 1977). Conversation with Franco Berardi (Bifo) and Paolo Bertetto. See also
Anti-psychiatry
Critical perspectives on psychoanalysis
Criticism of capitalism
Deinstitutionalisation
Deleuze and Guattari
History of capitalism

References

External links

Fractal Ontology (with unpublished, English translations of Guattari and others)
Chimeres site on Guattari (in French)
"Desire Was Everywhere" by Adam Shatz, London Review of Books, Vol. 32 No.

masks:
Félix Guattari
Guattari
Félix Guatta
Guattari
Félix
Guattari
Félix
Guattari
Félix