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<mask> (20 January 1499 Donauwörth, Swabia – c. 1543 Basel, Switzerland) was a 16th-century German freethinker, humanist, and radical reformer. Biography
<mask> was born in 1499 in Donauwörth, Swabia. Because of this he styled himself <mask>rd. He entered the University of Ingolstadt on 26 March 1515, and afterwards went to Bethlehem College, incorporated with the university, as an institution of the Dominicans at Heidelberg. Here he met Martin Bucer and Martin Frecht, with whom he might have attended Luther's Heidelberg disputation in October 1518. Originally ordained as a priest, in 1525 <mask> went over to the Reformed party at Nuremberg and became preacher at Gustenfelden. His first work was a German translation (with additions) of the first part of the Diallage (or Conciliatio locorum Scripturae), directed against Sacramentarians and Anabaptists by Andrew Althamer, then deacon of St. Sebald at Nuremberg.On 17 March 1528 he married Ottilie Beham, supposedly the sister of the "godless" painters, Bartholomew and Sebald Beham, pupils of Albrecht Dürer and followers of Hans Denck. In the same year he wrote a treatise against drunkenness. In 1529 he produced a free version of the Supplycacyon of the Beggers, written by the English Protestant Simon Fish. <mask>, in his preface, says the original was in English; elsewhere he says it was in Latin; the theory that his German was really the original is not warranted. Advance in his religious ideas led him to seek the freer atmosphere of Strasbourg in the autumn of 1529. To his translation (1530) of a Latin Chronicle and Description of Turkey (Turkenchronik), by a Transylvanian captive, which had been prefaced by Luther, he added an appendix holding up the Turk as in many respects an example to Christians. He also substituted, in lieu of the restrictions of Lutheran, Zwinglian and Anabaptist sects, the vision of an invisible spiritual church, universal in its scope.To this ideal he remained faithful. At Strassburg began his friendship with Kaspar Schwenkfeld. Here he also published, in 1531, his most important work, the Chronica, Zeitbuch und Geschichtsbibel, largely a compilation on the basis of the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493), and in its treatment of social and religious questions connected with the Reformation. In it he exhibited a strong sympathy with "heretics" and fairness to all kinds of freedom in opinion. As a German historian, he is a forerunner of Gottfried Arnold. Driven from Strassburg by the authorities, after a short imprisonment in December 1531, he tried to make a living in 1532 as a soapboiler at Esslingen, removing in 1533 for a better market to Ulm, where on 28 October 1534 he was admitted as a burgess. His Weltbuch, a supplement to his Chronica, was printed at Tübingen in 1534.His publication, in the same year, of the Paradoxa brought him into trouble with the authorities. An order for his banishment was withdrawn on his promise to submit future works for censure. Not interpreting this as applying to works printed outside Ulm, he published in 1538 at Augsburg his Guldin Arch and at Frankfort his Germaniae chronicon, with the result that he had to leave Ulm in January 1539. He seems to have had no settled abode from that time. At Basel he found work as a printer, and it was probably there that he died in the winter of 1542–1543. He had published in 1539 his Kriegbuchlein des Friedens, his Schrifftliche und ganz grundliche Auslegung des 64 Psalms, and his Das verbutschierte mit sieben Siegein verschlossene Buch (a biblical index, exhibiting the dissonance of Scripture). In 1541 he published his Spruchwörter (a collection of proverbs).In 1542 he issued a new edition of his Paradoxa and some smaller works. Franck combined the humanist's passion for freedom with the mystic's devotion to the religion of the spirit. Luther contemptuously dismissed him as a mouthpiece of the devil. Martin Frecht of Nuremberg pursued him with bitter zeal. But his courage did not fail him, and in his last year, in a public Latin letter, he exhorted his friend Johann Campanus to maintain freedom of thought in face of the charge of heresy. <mask> came to believe that God communicates with individuals through a portion of the divine remaining in each human being. He came to dismiss the human institution of the church, and believed that theology could not properly claim to give expression to this inner word of God in the heart of the believer.

masks:
Sebastian Franck
Franck
Franck von Wö
Franck
Franck
Franck


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<mask> (born September 1, 1959) is an American politician who served as the Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from 2009 to 2019. A Republican, he represented District 121, which comprises northeastern Bexar County, including part of San Antonio, Texas, and several surrounding communities from his first election to the House in 2005 until his retirement in 2019. He chose not to seek re-election to the state House in 2018. During his career in the state House, Straus was a moderate, "business-friendly, country club Republican" who sometimes clashed with the party's social conservative wing. Toward the end of his five terms as speaker, Straus faced opposition from more conservative factions within the Texas Republican Party, led by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick, who regarded Straus as insufficiently conservative, and another conservative group that spent millions of dollars in attempts to defeat Straus and allied state legislators in Republican primary elections. Straus' political career began as a follower of senator John Tower, who was known in part for his opposition towards the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Early life, education, and business career
His mother, <mask>, was a Republican Party fund-raiser and close friend of President George H.W.Bush and his wife, Barbara, during Bush's two U.S. Senate races and his bids for the White House. <mask> is a San Antonio native and a fifth-generation Texan. A graduate of Vanderbilt University, he has an insurance, investment, and executive benefit practice. He was former spokesman for the Retama Development Corporation, a development company that built the Retama Racetrack in San Antonio, which was for betting on horse racing. Political activity before Texas House
<mask> has previously served on the Management Committee of the Bexar County Republican Party, as a precinct chairman, and on numerous campaign committees for federal, state, and local candidates. From 1989 through 1991, he served in the administration of President George H. W. Bush as deputy director of Business Liaison at the U.S. Department of Commerce and, earlier under President Ronald Reagan, as Executive Assistant to the Commissioner of Customs. In 1986, he was Campaign Manager in U.S. Representative Lamar S. Smith's first race for Congress.Texas House of Representatives

Elections to the Texas House

2005
Straus joined the House after winning a special election to replace District 121 state Representative Elizabeth Ames Jones in 2005. 2012
<mask> was renominated to the Texas House in the Republican primary held on May 29, 2012. With 10,362 votes (62.9 percent), he defeated opponent Matt Stewart Beebe (born 1973), who polled 6,108 ballots (37.1 percent). In the November 6 general election, <mask> faced no Democratic opponent and defeated the Libertarian nominee, Arthur M. Thomas, IV, 50,530 (80.2 percent) to 12,444 (19.8 percent). 2014
<mask> was again renominated to the Texas House in the Republican primary held on March 4, 2014. He received 9,224 votes (61.2 percent) to 5,842 (38.8 percent) for Matt Beebe, who again challenged the Speaker. 2016
Two Tea Party movement candidates, Shelia Vernette Bean and former Olmos Park City Council member Jeff M. Judson, challenged Straus in the primary election on March 1, 2016.<mask> raised $8 million for his 2016 primary contest with Bean and Judson. Judson, meanwhile, received a $50,000 contribution from a pastor and fracking entrepreneur, Farris Wilks of Cisco in Eastland County. Earlier, Wilks and his younger brother, Dan Wilks, contributed $15 million to a super political action committee supporting Ted Cruz for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination. Bean and Judson criticized Straus as having been insufficient aggressive in promoting anti-sanctuary cities legislation, abortion restrictions and school vouchers. Judson also challenged Straus on property taxes in Texas, although Texas property taxes are set by municipal officials, not state officials such as Straus, and although Texas has no state income taxes. In a campaign email, Judson invoked blamed a 2015 murder by a Mexican illegal immigrant on Straus; the email was criticized by Susan Pamerleau, who defended Straus, said that Judson's "use of a grieving father to accuse <mask>us of a horrific murder committed by a career criminal is deplorable and irresponsible"; and said that "No one has done more to secure the border than" Straus. Straus said that his record includes improvements in the water infrastructure, transportation, and public and higher education.Straus was endorsed by the San Antonio Express-News, which hailed him as a "decent, effective leader [who] has focused on solving major problems that face the state, such as ... transportation and water" and noted that he successfully pushed to passage "conservative issues "on many fronts", including tough abortion restrictions, the defunding of Planned Parenthood, and the state's voter identification law. <mask>'s San Antonio colleague, Republican Lyle Larson, in a campaign letter to the San Antonio Express-News, praised the Speaker as "not flashy, nor is he politically motivated. He's just interested in getting the job done. ... [He] has led the Texas House in passing some of the most conservative and constructive legislation in Texas history ..." John Shields, a Republican former state representative and former member of the Texas State Board of Education, supported Judson. <mask> easily won the primary, receiving 15,737 votes (60.2 percent). Judson trailed with 7,434 votes (28.5 percent), and Bean drew 2,956 (11.3 percent). <mask> then ran unopposed in the November 8 general election.The San Antonio Express-News called <mask>' victory a "big win" and a "big repudiation" to conservatives who had tried unsuccessfully to pin a liberal label on Straus in hopes of defeating him for his legislative seat and thereby removing him as the Speaker. The newspaper said Straus "treats everyone fairly, and that approach should be commended instead of condemned." Speakership

Challenge to Tom Craddick
<mask> became speaker in 2009, after a revolt initiated on New Year's Day by eleven House Republican members against Speaker Tom Craddick of Midland, the senior Republican in the Texas House. The anti-Craddick group of eleven Republicans (known as "Anybody but Craddick" or "ABCs") joined with all state House Democrats to oppose Craddick; in multiple rounds of balloting, the ABCs selected Straus as their challenger to unseat Craddick, and eventually obtained the necessary votes to oust him. After becoming speaker, Straus appointed 18 Republicans and 16 Democrats to committee chairmanships, which reflected the 76-74 makeup of the House. Republicans continued to chair major committees including Appropriations, Calendars, Public Education and State Affairs. Tenure as speaker
<mask> ran without opposition as Speaker on January 13, 2009.He was reelected to a fourth two-year term as Speaker six years later on January 13, 2015, in the first recorded vote for Speaker in forty years. In January 2013, <mask> faced intraparty conservative opposition for a third term as Speaker from Representative David Simpson of Longview. Simpson entered the race for Speaker in December 2012, after <mask>' previous opponent, conservative Bryan Hughes of Mineola, withdrew from the contest after nearly six months of seeking commitments from colleagues. However, Simpson withdrew before the balloting for Speaker began, and <mask> was reelected without opposition on January 8, 2013. Rep. Todd Ames Hunter, a Republican from Corpus Christi, pointed to Straus' even-handed approach to leadership as the reason for his success in keeping the gavel. "The Speaker is exceptional in working with members, said Hunter, an ally of the speaker. "What you've seen within the last week is he has a strong, diverse support base."In January 2015, <mask> was challenged again as Speaker by Representative Scott Turner, an African American from Frisco. It was the first recorded Texas Speaker vote since 1976. Late in the campaign, the Houston Chronicle reported that Turner tried to attract the support of Democrats in order to save his campaign, but the Democrats and the overwhelming majority of Republicans stuck with Straus. Despite considerable attention from Tea Party movement groups and the media, Turner received only 19 votes to <mask>' 128. As Speaker, Straus put an emphasis on bipartisan cooperation, compromise, and on issues such as budget transparency, education, higher education, water and transportation. The state has invested more money in building up emerging universities, such as the University of Texas at San Antonio and the University of Houston. With a state budget shortfall looming in 2010 and many beginning to call for higher taxes, <mask> publicly called on the House to balance its budget without a tax increase, and the House followed his lead.Straus has led the effort to make the state budget more transparent. In July 2012, he called on the House Appropriations Committee to begin reducing the amount of money that had collected in General Revenue-Dedicated balances – an accounting technique that legislators and governors increasingly used over 20 years to get the budget certified. In the 2013 legislative session, the Legislature reduced the amount of money sitting in those accounts by $1 billion. Early in the 2015 session, House leaders pledged to reduce those amounts even further. Perhaps <mask>' greatest accomplishment was leading the House, along with Chairman Allan Ritter, to make a historic investment in the state's water needs in 2013. The legislature approved, and then-Governor Rick Perry signed, legislation that created a revolving loan fund to pay for water supply and conservation projects around the state. The plan aimed to provide start-up money to communities that often struggled to get it for needed water projects.Straus led the public campaign to approve funding for the water plan, which 73 percent of Texas voters supported in November 2013. Straus announced his opposition to President Donald Trump's travel ban against seven predominantly Muslim nations, saying "I am concerned about sending the incorrect message that we are at war with any religion." Joining Straus in this position was another Texas Republican, U.S. Representative Will Hurd of Texas' 23rd congressional district. Straus has declined to support the anti-transgender bathroom bill (SB 6), which was introduced by Republican state Senator Lois Kolkhorst of Brenham and  endorsed by Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick. Straus said the measure was not a priority for him. Straus's decision not to support the bill was attacked by Jared Woodfill, the former Harris County Republican chairman and editor-in-chief of the newsletter of the group Conservative Republicans of Texas, and associated activists. They criticized Straus for not moving the bill forward, and called upon Christian right candidates to launch Republican primary election challenges against Republican state legislators who did not support it.The bill was raised again in July 2017, after Republican Governor Abbott called a special legislative session. In July 2017, the Bexar County Republican Executive Committee passed a "no confidence" resolution calling upon Straus to step down as speaker for blocking the consideration of conservative bills pending in the upcoming special session, including the lingering bathroom bill. Straus said that he supported decisions being made at the local level, rather than the imposition of top-down guidelines from the state, and on August 15, 2017, Straus adjourned a special session of the Texas House early, without permitting a vote on the bill restricting transgender bathroom access, leading Patrick to attack Straus. Straus's position was supported by columnist Josh Brodesky of the San Antonio Express-News, Straus's hometown newspaper and by a group of San Antonio businesspeople, who urged Straus in a letter, to continue to block passage of the bathroom bill, writing that it "diverts much needed attention from what really matters." Patrick also opposed a school finance bill supported by Straus, fearing that the costs could lead to a state income tax to meet the extra obligations. Patrick's plan called for pay hikes for educators and retirees and relief to the more prosperous school districts which must send some local funds to Austin to help pay for the overall public education system. In October 2017, Straus announced that he would not seek re-election in 2018.<mask> has received numerous awards and accolades. In 2013, Texas Monthly named him one of the "Ten Best Legislators". And in endorsing him for re-election in 2014, the San Antonio Express-News wrote, "Under <mask>' leadership, the House has produced conservative budgets and a broad conservative agenda. <mask> has done an admirable job managing the House since 2009, and he provides crucial leadership on important San Antonio issues. His constituents benefit significantly by having the speaker represent their district." In October 2017, <mask> announced that he would not run for re-election. The New York Times described Straus as a pragmatist.He "delivered a plea that Republicans 'appeal to our diverse population with an optimistic vision'" when he announced he would not be running again. Shortly after the 2018 midterm elections, Straus criticized Texas lieutenant governor Dan Patrick and other Republicans for adopting positions too far to the right, though Patrick responded by questioning Straus's status as a conservative and a Republican. Straus was Texas' first Jewish Speaker. In 2010, e-mails circulated among members of the Texas State Republican Executive Committee calling for Straus to be replaced by a "Christian conservative" as Speaker, on the grounds that "we elected a house with Christian, conservative values. We now want a true Christian, conservative running it." <mask>'s opponents for the Speakership, Ken Paxton (later the Attorney General of Texas) and Warren Chisum, are Christians; both condemned the comments. John Cook, author of some of the e-mails, said that, "When I got involved in politics, I told people I wanted to put Christian conservatives in leadership positions" but denied allegations of antisemitism.After leaving the state House
In mid-2019, Straus established a new political action committee, Texas Forever Forward, saying it would "promote a thoughtful, conservative approach to governing"; Straus is chairman of the PAC, and Wallace B. Jefferson, a former chief justice of the Texas Supreme Court, is the treasurer. In 2020, Straus wrote an op-ed for the San Antonio Express-News expressing support for Medicaid expansion, writing that this would bolster the economy and businesses. During the 2020 presidential election, Straus was one of a number of Republicans to oppose a lawsuit by conservative activists  seeking to invalidate 127,000 votes cast in Harris County, Texas (the state's most populous county) through drive-through sites established by local elections officials amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Straus jointed with prominent Texas Republican elections lawyer Ben Ginsberg to file an amicus brief opposing the plaintiffs' claims; in a statement, Straus called the effort to invalidate votes "patently wrong" and that "the Republican Party needs to return to a place where we win with ideas and persuasion rather than trying to intimidate and silence our fellow citizens." References

External links

 Speaker of the House <mask>us official Texas House of Representatives site

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1959 births
21st-century American politicians
Businesspeople from Texas
Jewish American state legislators in Texas
Living people
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
Politicians from San Antonio
Speakers of the Texas House of Representatives
Texas Republicans
Vanderbilt University alumni

masks:
Joseph Richard Straus III
Jocelyn Levi Straus
Straus
Straus
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Joe Stra
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Joe Stra


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<mask> (born Catherine Conn; September 3, 1910 – April 17, 2007) was an American actress, singer, and spokeswoman for the arts. She is best remembered as a regular panelist on the television game show To Tell the Truth. She served 20 years on the New York State Council on the Arts. In 1991, she received the National Medal of Arts from President George H. W. Bush. She was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1999. Early life
<mask> was born as Catherine Conn (pronounced Cohen) in New Orleans, Louisiana, of German-Jewish heritage. Her grandfather, Ben Holzman, was the mayor of Shreveport, Louisiana, and a Confederate veteran of the American Civil War.He had been a gunner on the CSS Virginia, the Confederate ironclad warship that fought the USS Monitor at the Battle of Hampton Roads. Her father, Joseph Conn, MD, was a gynecologist who died when she was ten years old. Her mother, Hortense Holzman Conn, was eager for her daughter to be accepted by local society. A taxi driver once asked if her daughter was Jewish, and she answered, "She may be, but I'm not." <mask>'s mother took her to Europe in 1921, where she hoped <mask> would marry European royalty, believing that nobility were more likely to marry a Jewish girl. The two traveled around Europe and often lived in what <mask> recalled as "the worst room of the best hotel". <mask> was educated at the  in Lausanne,  Switzerland, then at the Sorbonne and the London School of Economics.She studied acting in London at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. She studied singing with Estelle Liebling, the teacher of Beverly Sills, in New York City. Career

Acting
After returning to New York in 1932 with her mother, she appeared, billed as <mask>, on Broadway in several operettas and musical comedies, and in the American premiere of Benjamin Britten's The Rape of Lucretia. She also sang the title role in Georges Bizet's Carmen in Salt Lake City. She privately studied voice with Juilliard teacher Anna E. Schoen-Rene, who had been a student of Pauline Viardot-Garcia and Manuel Garcia. <mask>'s early movies included Murder at the Vanities (1934), A Night at the Opera (1935) with the Marx Brothers, and two films with Bing Crosby, She Loves Me Not (1934) and Here Is My Heart (1934). <mask> resumed her film career later in life, appearing in Woody Allen's Radio Days (1987) and in Six Degrees of Separation (1993), as well as on stage in a revival of On Your Toes, replacing Dina Merrill.Her last movie appearance was in Catch Me If You Can (2002) in which she played herself in a dramatization of a 1970s To Tell the Truth episode. For her contributions to the film industry, <mask> was inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960 with a motion pictures star located at 6611 Hollywood Boulevard. Television
In the early 1950s, <mask> was an occasional panelist on the NBC game show, Who Said That?, in which celebrities tried to determine the speaker of quotations taken from recent news reports. <mask> became a household name through To Tell the Truth, where she was a regular panelist from 1956 to 1978, and later appeared on revivals of the series in 1980, 1990–91 and one episode in 2000. (One of her most notable hallmarks was her writing of the number one: When she voted
for the member of the team of challengers who occupied the number one seat, it was written with a Roman numeral I.) She was also a semi-regular panelist on Password, Match Game, Missing Links, and What's My Line? Opera
On December 31, 1966, <mask> made her debut with the Metropolitan Opera, as Prince Orlofsky in Strauss's Die Fledermaus.She sang the role 10 more times that season, then returned in 1973 for four more performances. Her final performance with the company was on July 7, 1973. She reprised this role during the Beverly Sills Farewell Gala in October 1980. Personal life
<mask> dated George Gershwin in 1933 "until George went to California". On August 10, 1946, she married playwright and theatrical producer Moss Hart, whom she met at the Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope, Pennsylvania. They had two children. Hart died on December 20, 1961, at their home in Palm Springs, California.She never remarried, although she briefly dated former governor and presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey after the death of his wife. During the 1980s and 1990s, <mask> was the partner of diplomatic historian Ivo John Lederer, a relationship that lasted 16 years until Lederer's death in 1998. In her later years, she kept company with financier and art collector Roy Neuberger. <mask> was known for her gracious manner and personal elegance, and she became prominent in New York City social circles as she crusaded for financial support of the arts. She was appointed to various statewide councils, and was chairman of the New York State Council on the Arts from 1976 to 1996. One of the two state theaters housed at The Egg performing arts venue in Albany is named the <mask> Carlisle Hart Theatre in her honor. She also served on the boards of various New York City cultural institutions and made an appearance at the annual CIBC World Markets Miracle Day, a children's charity event.She was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1997. She also widely performed her one-woman show in which she told anecdotes about the many great men in American musical theater history whom she had known, notably George Gershwin (who had proposed marriage), Irving Berlin, Kurt Weill, Oscar Hammerstein, Alan Jay Lerner, and Frederick Loewe, interspersed with a few of the songs that made each of them famous. Historic preservation
<mask> was a longtime champion of Historic Preservation in New York City and State. While chair of the New York State Council on the Arts (NYSCA) from 1976 to 1996, Mrs. Hart directed many millions of dollars in support to preservation projects from the Niagara Frontier to Staten Island, in an effort to keep historic preservation as a core program of the New York State Council on the Arts, the only arts council in America that provides such funding. In 1980, she was crowned Queen of the Beaux Arts Ball, an annual event run by the Beaux Arts Society (American comedian Paul Lynde was crowned King the same year). In recognition of this legacy, the Historic Districts Council bestowed its Landmarks Lion award upon her in 2003. Death
<mask> died on April 17, 2007, from congestive heart failure resulting from a prolonged bout of pneumonia.She had been in and out of the hospital since she contracted pneumonia some time prior to November 2006. She died in her Upper East Side, Manhattan apartment, with her son, Christopher Hart, at her bedside. She was interred in a crypt next to her husband, Moss Hart, at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. Theatre credits
 Champagne, Sec (1933)
 White Horse Inn (1936)
 French Without Tears (1936)
 Three Waltzes (1937)
 Night of January 16th (1938)
 Walk With Music (1940)
Larceny with Music (1943)
 The Merry Widow  (1943)
 Design for Living (1943)
 There's Always Juliet (1944)
 The Rape of Lucretia (1948)
 The Man Who Came to Dinner (1949)
 Anniversary Waltz (1954)
 Die Fledermaus (1967)
 You Never Know (1975)
 On Your Toes (1983)
 Wit & Wisdom (2003)

Filmography
 Murder at the Vanities (1934)
 She Loves Me Not  (1934)
 Here Is My Heart (1934)
 A Night at the Opera (1935)
 Larceny with Music (1943)
 Hollywood Canteen (1944)
 Radio Days (1987)
 Six Degrees of Separation (1993)
 Catch Me If You Can (2002; cameo)

Television
 What's My Line? – Guest panelist on both the CBS and the syndicated versions
 To Tell the Truth – Panelist (1956–68, 1969–78, 1980–81, 1990–91, 2000)
 The Movie Masters – Panelist (1989–90)
 Kojak (1 episode, 1990)
 "Beyond Vaudeville" – Interview (January 27, 1993)

Cultural activities
 Vice Chair of the New York State Council of the Arts 1971–1976
 Chair of the New York State Council of the Arts – 1976 – c. 1996
 Chair Emeritus of the New York State Council of the Arts
 Board member of Empire State College
 Honorary trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
 Honorary trustee of the Museum of Modern Art
 Board member Emeritus in Memoriam of The Center for Arts Education
 Chair of the New York Statewide Conference of Women
 Special consultant to Governor Nelson Rockefeller on Women's Opportunities. Honorary Life Director of the Franklin & Eleanor Roosevelt Institute (FERI)
 Life Member of the Beaux Arts Society, Inc. (1980–2007)
 Keynote speaker at the San Francisco Art Institute (SFAI) graduation ceremony, 1999
 Member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1977 to 1983

Bibliography

References

External links

 Kitty Carlisle at Internet Off-Broadway Database

 Moss Hart and Kitty Carlisle Hart Papers at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
 New York Times article on Kitty Carlisle Hart at 95
 MetOpera database
 Photographs

1910 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American women opera singers
Actresses from Palm Springs, California
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
American film actresses
American opera singers
American socialites
Television personalities from California
American women television personalities
Burials at Ferncliff Cemetery
Classical musicians from California
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Jewish American actresses
Musicians from New Orleans
Musicians from Palm Springs, California
People from the Upper East Side
Singers from California
Singers from Louisiana
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American women

masks:
Kitty Carlisle Hart
Kitty Carlisle
Carlisle
Kitty
Carlisle
Kitty
Kitty Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
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Kitty
Carlisle Hart
Carlisle


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<mask>  (born April 14, 1950) is an American physician-geneticist who discovered the genes associated with a number of diseases and led the Human Genome Project. He is the former director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in Bethesda, Maryland. Before being appointed director of the NIH, <mask> led the Human Genome Project and other genomics research initiatives as director of the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), one of the 27 institutes and centers at NIH. Before joining NHGRI, he earned a reputation as a gene hunter at the University of Michigan. He has been elected to the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences, and has received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the National Medal of Science. <mask> also has written a number of books on science, medicine, and religion, including the New York Times bestseller, The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief. After leaving the directorship of NHGRI and before becoming director of the NIH, he founded and served as president of The BioLogos Foundation, which promotes discourse on the relationship between science and religion and advocates the perspective that belief in Christianity can be reconciled with acceptance of evolution and science, especially through the idea that the Creator brought about his plan through the processes of evolution.In 2009, Pope Benedict XVI appointed <mask> to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. On October 5, 2021, <mask> announced that he would resign as NIH director by the end of the year. Early years
<mask> was born in Staunton, Virginia, the youngest of four sons of <mask> and Margaret James <mask>. Raised on a small farm in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, <mask> was home schooled  until the sixth grade. He attended Robert E. Lee High School in Staunton, Virginia. Through most of his high school and college years he aspired to be a chemist, and he had little interest in what he then considered the "messy" field of biology. What he referred to as his "formative education" was received at the University of Virginia, where he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry in 1970.He went on to graduate as a Doctor of Philosophy in physical chemistry at Yale University in 1974. While at Yale, a course in biochemistry sparked his interest in the subject. After consulting with his mentor from the University of Virginia, Carl Trindle, he changed fields and enrolled in medical school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, earning a Doctor of Medicine degree there in 1977. From 1978 to 1981, <mask> served a residency and chief residency in internal medicine at North Carolina Memorial Hospital in Chapel Hill. He then returned to Yale, where he was a Fellow in Human Genetics at the medical school from 1981 to 1984. Genetics research
At Yale, <mask> worked under the direction of Sherman Weissman, and in 1984 the two published a paper, "Directional cloning of DNA fragments at a large distance from an initial probe: a circularization method". The method described was named chromosome jumping, to emphasize the contrast with an older and much more time-consuming method of copying DNA fragments called chromosome walking.<mask> joined the University of Michigan faculty in 1984, rising to the rank of professor in internal medicine and human genetics. His gene-hunting approach, which he named "positional cloning", developed into a powerful component of modern molecular genetics. Several scientific teams worked in the 1970s and 1980s to identify genes and their loci as a cause of cystic fibrosis. Progress was modest until 1985, when Lap-Chee Tsui and colleagues at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children identified the locus for the gene. It was then determined that a shortcut was needed to speed the process of identification, so Tsui contacted <mask>, who agreed to collaborate with the Toronto team and share his chromosome-jumping technique. The gene was identified in June 1989, and the results were published in the journal Science on September 8, 1989. This identification was followed by other genetic discoveries made by <mask> and a variety of collaborators.They included isolation of the genes for Huntington's disease, neurofibromatosis, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, inv(16) AML and Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome. Genomics
In 1993 National Institutes of Health Director Bernadine Healy appointed <mask> to succeed James D. Watson as director of the National Center for Human Genome Research, which became National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in 1997. As director he oversaw the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, which was the group that successfully carried out the Human Genome Project. In 1994 <mask> founded NHGRI's Division of Intramural Research, a collection of investigator-directed laboratories that conduct genome research on the NIH campus. In June 2000 <mask> was joined by President Bill Clinton and biologist Craig Venter in making the announcement of a working draft of the human genome. He stated that "It is humbling for me, and awe-inspiring to realize that we have caught the first glimpse of our own instruction book, previously known only to God." An initial analysis was published in February 2001, and scientists worked toward finishing the reference version of the human genome sequence by 2003, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of James D. Watson and <mask>'s publication of the structure of DNA.Another major activity at NHGRI during his tenure as director was the creation of the haplotype map of the human genome. This International HapMap Project produced a catalog of human genetic variations—called single-nucleotide polymorphisms—which is now being used to discover variants correlated with disease risk. Among the labs engaged in that effort is <mask>' own lab at NHGRI, which has sought to identify and understand the genetic variations that influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In addition to his basic genetic research and scientific leadership, <mask> is known for his close attention to ethical and legal issues in genetics. He has been a strong advocate for protecting the privacy of genetic information and has served as a national leader in securing the passage of the federal Genetic Information and Nondiscrimination Act, which prohibits gene-based discrimination in employment and health insurance. In 2013, spurred by concerns over the publication of the genome of the widely used HeLa cell line derived from the late Henrietta Lacks, <mask> and other NIH leaders worked with the Lacks family to reach an agreement to protect their privacy, while giving researchers controlled access to the genomic data. Building on his own experiences as a physician volunteer in a rural missionary hospital in Nigeria, <mask> is also very interested in opening avenues for genome research to benefit the health of people living in developing nations.For example, in 2010, he helped establish an initiative called Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) to advance African capacity and expertise in genomic science. <mask> announced his resignation as NHGRI director on May 28, 2008, but has continued to lead an active lab there with a research focus on progeria and type 2 diabetes. NIH director

Nomination and confirmation

On July 8, 2009, President Barack Obama nominated <mask> as director of the National Institutes of Health, and the Senate unanimously confirmed him for the post. He was sworn in by Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius on August 17, 2009. Science writer Jocelyn Kaiser opined that <mask> was "known as a skilled administrator and excellent communicator," that Obama's nomination "did not come as a big surprise" and that the appointment "ignited a volley of flattering remarks from researchers and biomedical groups." Yet, she wrote, <mask> "does have his critics," some of them who were concerned with the new director's "outspoken Christian faith." Washington Post staffer David Brown wrote, however, that <mask>' status as a "born-again Christian .. . may help him build bridges with those who view some gene-based research as a potential threat to religious values." <mask>' appointment was welcomed by the chief executive officer of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and by Bernadine Healy, the former head of the National Institutes of Health. In October 2009, shortly after his appointment as NIH director, <mask> stated in an interview in The New York Times: "I have made it clear that I have no religious agenda for the N.I.H., and I think the vast majority of scientists have been reassured by that and have moved on." On October 1, 2009, in the second of his four appearances on The Colbert Report, <mask> discussed his leadership at the NIH and other topics such as personalized medicine and stem cell research. And, in November 2011, <mask> was included on The New Republic's list of Washington's most powerful, least famous people. <mask> appeared on the series finale of The Colbert Report, participating in a chorus with several other famous people singing "We'll Meet Again". On June 6, 2017, President Donald Trump announced his selection of <mask> to continue to serve as the NIH Director.On 19 December 2017, <mask> and the NIH lifted the Obama moratorium on gain of function research because it was deemed to be "important in helping us identify, understand, and develop strategies and effective countermeasures against rapidly evolving pathogens that pose a threat to public health." On January 15, 2021, President-elect Joe Biden announced his selection of <mask> to continue to serve as NIH Director. On October 5, 2021, <mask> announced that he will resign as NIH director by the end of the year. Projects
<mask> was instrumental in establishing the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) on December 23, 2011. In January 2013, <mask> created two senior scientific positions on Big Data and the diversity of the scientific workforce. Other projects he took on early in his tenure included increased support for Alzheimer's disease research, which was announced in May 2012; the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, announced by President Obama and <mask> on April 2, 2013, at the White House; and, in February 2014,  the Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP), a public-private partnership between NIH, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10 biopharmaceutical firms, and multiple non-profit organizations. In 2014, <mask> worked with the larger biomedical research community to create principles and guidelines to foster rigor and reproducibility in preclinical research, including incorporating sex as a biological variable to ensure differences in treatment response between men and women are addressed.Beginning in 2014, the NIH provided multi-year grants to EcoHealth Alliance, which studied bat coronaviruses, including genetically engineering bat coronaviruses called WIV1, in collaboration with the Wuhan Institute of Virology. The grants were terminated in 2020 under the Donald Trump administration, during Trump's feud with China over the origins of COVID-19. In January 2015 President Obama announced the NIH-led Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), later renamed the All of Us Research Program, in his State of the Union

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 address. All of Us seeks to extend precision medicine to all diseases by building a national research cohort of 1 million or more U.S. participants. In other precedent-setting actions during his time as NIH director, <mask> announced in November 2015 that NIH will no longer support any biomedical research involving chimpanzees. In December 2015, <mask> and other NIH leaders released a detailed plan that charted a course for NIH's efforts over the ensuing five years The NIH-Wide Strategic Plan, Fiscal Years 2016-2020: Turning Discovery Into Health was aimed at ensuring the agency remains well positioned to capitalize on new opportunities for scientific exploration and to address new challenges for human health. In January 2016, President Obama announced a new initiative to galvanize the nation's research efforts against cancer.Fueled by an additional $680 million in the proposed fiscal year 2017 budget for NIH, the National Cancer Moonshot Initiative aims to accelerate progress toward the next generation of interventions to reduce cancer incidence and improve patient outcomes. In 2016, <mask> instituted a number of clinical trial reforms  to enhance protection of participants in research and improve reporting of research results in ClinicalTrials.gov. In 2017, <mask> implemented the Next Generation Researchers Initiative to improve the odds for early investigators to win NIH grants. To support the Administration's Stop Opioid Abuse Initiative, <mask> launched the NIH HEAL (Helping to End Addiction Long-termSM) Initiative in April 2018. The NIH HEAL InitiativeSM bolsters research across NIH to improve treatments for opioid misuse and addiction and enhance pain management. Also in 2018, <mask> launched an initiative to address sexual harassment in science and change a culture that sends messages to women and other underrepresented groups that they don't belong in biomedical research. In October 2021, NIH principal deputy director Larry Tabak sent a letter to Kentucky Congressman James Comer addressing NIH grants to EcoHealth Alliance.Comer, who has held hearings criticizing the use of U.S. federal funds for research related to bat coronaviruses in China, subsequently accused <mask> of having potentially misled the Oversight Committee Republicans as to EcoHealth Alliance's activities. Emails disclosed on 11 January 2022 by the United States Congressional Oversight Committee include those from <mask> and indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may in fact have had a laboratory origin, as indicated by the unusual furin cleavage site. Music
<mask>' love of guitar playing and motorcycle riding is often mentioned in articles about him. While directing NHGRI, he formed a rock band with other NIH scientists. Sometimes the band, called the Directors, dueled with a rock band from Johns Hopkins University led by cancer researcher Bert Vogelstein. Lyrics of the Directors' songs included spoofs of rock and gospel classics re-written to address the challenges of contemporary biomedical research. <mask> has performed at TEDMED 2012, StandUpToCancer, The 2017 Southern Methodist University Commencement and Rock Stars of Science.His passion for music also inspired him to partner with the Kennedy Center to expand the Sound Health Initiative, which was announced in February 2017. Sound Health aims to expand current knowledge and explore ways to enhance the potential for music as therapy for neurological and other disorders. Awards and honors
While leading the National Human Genome Research Institute, <mask> was elected to the Institute of Medicine and the National Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the Canada Gairdner International Award in 1990. He was a Kilby International Awards recipient in 1993. <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1994. He received the Biotechnology Heritage Award with J. Craig Venter in 2001, from the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and the Chemical Heritage Foundation.<mask> and Venter shared the "Biography of the Year" title from A&E Network in 2000. In 2005, <mask> and Venter were honored as two of "America's Best Leaders" by U.S. News & World Report and the Harvard University Center for Public Leadership. In 2005 <mask> received the William Allan Award from the American Society of Human Genetics. In 2007 he was presented with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush. In 2008 he was awarded the Inamori Ethics Prize and National Medal of Science. In 2008, <mask> and Steven Weinberg, a Nobel Prize recipient for physics, shared the Trotter Prize, and discussed the interplay between science and religion. <mask> received the Albany Medical Center Prize in 2010 and the Pro Bono Humanum Award of the Galien Foundation in 2012, the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Public Service Award in 2017, the Pontifical Key Scientific Award in 2018, and the Warren Alpert Foundation Prize in 2018.In 2020 he received the Templeton Prize, and was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society. Views

Christianity
By graduate school, <mask> considered himself an atheist. However, a conversation with a hospital patient led him to question his lack of religious views, and he investigated various faiths. He familiarized himself with the evidence for and against God in cosmology, and on the recommendation of a Methodist minister used Mere Christianity by C. S. Lewis as a foundation to develop his religious views. He believes that people cannot be converted to Christianity by reason and argument alone, and that the final stage of conversion entails a "leap of faith". After several years of deliberation, he finally converted to Christianity during a trip to the Cascade Mountains, where he describes a striking image of a frozen waterfall as removing his final resistance, resulting in his conversion the following morning. He has described himself as a "serious Christian".In his 2006 book The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief, <mask> wrote that scientific discoveries were an "opportunity to worship" and that he rejected both Young Earth creationism and intelligent design. His own belief, he wrote, was theistic evolution or evolutionary creation, which he preferred to call BioLogos. He wrote that one can "think of DNA as an instructional script, a software program, sitting in the nucleus of the cell". He appeared in December 2006 on The Colbert Report television show
and in a March 2007 Fresh Air radio interview to discuss this book. In an interview with D. J. Grothe on the Point of Inquiry podcast, he said that the overall aim of the book was to show that "one can be intellectually in a rigorous position and argue that science and faith can be compatible", and that he was prompted to write the book because "most people are seeking a possible harmony between these worldviews [science and faith], and it seems rather sad that we hear so little about this possibility. <mask> said he had been a Methodist, Presbyterian, Baptist, and Episcopalian, emphasizing that denominational differences were not essential to him. He recalled that, growing up, he participated in the choir of an Episcopal church.<mask> is a critic of intelligent design, and for this reason he was not asked to participate in the 2008 documentary Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed. Walt Ruloff, a producer for the film, claimed that by rejecting intelligent design, <mask> was "toeing the party line", a claim which <mask> called "just ludicrous". In an interview he stated that "intelligent design is headed for collapse in the not too distant future" and that "science class ought to be about science, and opening the door to religious perspectives in that setting is a big mistake." In 2007, <mask> founded the BioLogos Foundation to "contribute to the public voice that represents the harmony of science and faith". He served as the foundation's president until he was confirmed as director of the NIH. <mask> has also spoken at the Veritas Forum on the relationship between science and religion and the existence of God. Christopher Hitchens referred to <mask> as "one of the greatest living Americans" and stated that <mask> was one of the most devout believers he had ever met.He further stated that <mask> was sequencing the genome of the cancer that would ultimately claim Hitchens's life, and that their friendship despite their differing opinion on religion was an example of the greatest armed truce in modern times. Agnosticism

In an interview with National Geographic in February 2007, writer John Horgan criticized <mask>' description of agnosticism as "a cop-out". In response, <mask> clarified his position on agnosticism so as to exclude "earnest agnostics who have considered the evidence and still don't find an answer. I was reacting to the agnosticism I see in the scientific community, which has not been arrived at by a careful examination of the evidence. I went through a phase when I was a casual agnostic, and I am perhaps too quick to assume that others have no more depth than I did." Abortion

In a 1998 interview with Scientific American, <mask> stated that he is "intensely uncomfortable with abortion as a solution to anything" and does not "perceive a precise moment at which life begins other than the moment of conception". However, in the same interview it was said that <mask> also "does not advocate changing the law".Books
 Principles of Medical Genetics, 2nd Edition, with T.D. Gelehrter and D. Ginsburg (Williams & Wilkins, 1998)
 The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief (Free Press, 2006)
 The Language of Life: DNA and the Revolution in Personalized Medicine (HarperCollins, published in early 2010)
 Belief: Readings on the Reason for Faith (HarperOne, March 2, 2010)
 The Language of Science and Faith: Straight Answers to Genuine Questions  with Karl Giberson IVP Books (February 15, 2011)

See also

 List of events in National Human Genome Research Institute history
 Science and religion

References

Further reading
 "Dr. <mask><mask>: On The Trail Of Disease Genes". Businessweek. John Carey. May 9, 2005
 "Collins Forms BioLogos Foundation". Newsletter of the American Scientific Affiliation. Jul/Aug 2009

External links

 The BioLogos Foundation
 NIH Bio
 NHRGI Bio

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1950 births
21st-century Christians
American Christian writers
American expatriates in Nigeria
American geneticists
American physical chemists
Biden administration cabinet members
Biden administration personnel
Former atheists and agnostics
Converts to Protestantism from atheism or agnosticism
Critics of creationism
Directors of the National Institutes of Health
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Human Genome Project scientists
Living people
Members of the International Society for Science and Religion
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Institutes of Health people
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People from Staunton, Virginia
Physician-scientists
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Scientists from Virginia
Theistic evolutionists
Trump administration personnel
University of Michigan faculty
University of North Carolina School of Medicine alumni
University of Virginia alumni
Writers about religion and science
Yale University

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<mask>, RA, FRIBA (12 December 1882 – 12 December 1974) was an English architect and designer. He built private homes as well as commercial and institutional buildings, and is noted chiefly for his work on places of worship and memorials. Perhaps his best known buildings are Guildford Cathedral and the Air Forces Memorial. He was a recipient of the Royal Gold Medal for architecture in 1944 and, in 1954, received a knighthood for services to the Imperial War Graves Commission, which he was associated with from 1943 until his death. Biography

Early life and career
Maufe was born <mask> in Sunny Bank, Ilkley, Yorkshire, on 12 December 1882. He was the second of three children and youngest son of Henry Muff (d.1910) and Maude Alice Muff née Smithies (died 1919). Henry Muff was a linen draper who was part owner of Brown Muff & Co a department store in Bradford, “the Harrods of the North”.Maufe's mother was the niece of Sir Titus Salt, the founder of Saltaire. Maufe started his education at Wharfedale School in Ilkley and later attended Bradford School. During his adolescent years, Maufe became interested in architecture. In 1899 he was sent to London to serve a five-year apprenticeship under the direction of the London architect William A. Pite (brother of Arthur Beresford Pite). Soon after, the Muff family moved from Yorkshire to the Red House in Bexleyheath, London. The house was designed by Philip Webb for William Morris, and Maufe later acknowledged the design as an early architectural influence. After completing his apprenticeship in 1904, he attended St John's College, Oxford, where he received a B.A.in 1908; he also studied design at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. In 1909, the family surname was changed by deed poll from Muff to Maufe, by his father Henry and uncles Charles and Frederick Muff "for ourselves and our respective issue", the deed poll stating that they were "desirous of reverting to the old form of our surname". The following year he moved to 139 Old Church Street, Chelsea, London. On 1 October 1910, he married Prudence Stutchbury (1882–1976), the daughter of <mask> of the Geological Survey of India. She was a designer and interior decorator, and later a director of Heal's. They had a son who died in 1968. During the First World War, Maufe served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and then joined the army in 1917 with Dick Sheppard acting as his guarantor.Maufe enlisted in the Royal Garrison Artillery on 9 January 1917 and was commissioned as a staff lieutenant on that April and saw action in Salonika. He was discharged on 26 February 1919. Having already been an associate member since 1910, Maufe was elected a fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in 1920. His architectural drawings and correspondence were deposited at the RIBA. In 1940, Maufe commissioned his portrait (now at the RIBA) showing him in front of his winning design for Guildford Cathedral from Gluck (whose studio in Hampstead he had designed in 1932). Another oil portrait of him by John Laviers Wheatley (1892-1955) was exhibited in 1956 and is in the Primary Collection of the National Portrait Gallery, London. Architecture
Maufe's first important commission after setting up practice on his own was, in 1912, the design of Kelling Hall, Norfolk, for Sir Henry Deterding.The building shows Maufe's early links with the arts and crafts movement due to its butterfly plan, knapped flint walls, and a grey tiled and gabled roof. Maufe's other notable pre-war work included the decoration of St Martin-in-the-Fields, the chapels and alterations at All Saints' Church, Southampton (destroyed by enemy action, 1940), and restoration at St John's, Hackney, which first brought him into notice in church circles. Whilst Kelling Hall was Maufe's first major project. Prior to this in 1909 he was commissioned by Marie Studholme (the Edwardian Music Hall Star) to design a weekend house on the banks of the River Thames in Laleham, Middlesex. The house, known as The Barn, was heavily influenced by Edwin Lutyens's Homewood (1901), in particular the triple gabled roof, a device he used at Kelling Hall as well. His 1924 proposals for the Palace of Industry at the British Empire Exhibition, Wembley attracted notice though an alternative design was built. Maufe was a silver medallist at the Paris Exhibition in 1925 which resulted in him securing a wide variety of commissions.The church of St Bede Clapham (1922) and St Saviour's in Acton (1924), were built for the Royal Association in Aid of the Deaf and Dumb and made. The latter church displays a simple structure and has a likeness to contemporary Swedish architecture. St Saviour's was loosely based on the design by Ivar Tengbom of Högalid Church in Stockholm, which Maufe described as being the most completely satisfying modern Swedish building he had seen. During this period, Maufe was a constant champion of modern Swedish architecture, and was often vocal on this theme in the architectural press, citing his own buildings as having simplified elevations, painted ceilings, and applied sculpture, similar to those found in Sweden. Maufe felt that Swedish architecture had a combined freshness without obviously breaking with tradition. In 1932, Maufe won a competition to design the Guildford Cathedral, coming first among 183 entries with a Gothic design in concrete faced in brick. By the time the building was dedicated in 1961, it seemed even more of an anachronism.The cathedral's exterior including the nave and aisles together with Maufe's use of space, won him general admiration amongst fellow architects. As a result, he was described as a designer of churches by conviction, as he attempted to produce buildings of austere simplicity aiming directly at the creation of a religious atmosphere. At Guildford, he wanted to produce a design of the times, yet to keep in line with the great English cathedrals already established within the United Kingdom. In 1936 King George VI commissioned Maufe to conduct various alterations to the Royal Chapel of All Saints in Windsor Great Park. The small private chapel stands in the grounds of Royal Lodge which was the Queen Mother's residence. Maufe designed a new ceiling for the chancel and a royal pew, new choir stalls and a casing for a new organ. In 1944, he was awarded the Royal Gold Medal for architecture.From 1943 Maufe was principal architect UK to the Imperial War Graves Commission, eventually becoming chief architect and artistic adviser until 1969. Among his war memorial designs are those at Tower Hill which was an expansion to the already established memorial by Sir <mask> and the Air Forces Memorial at Cooper's Hill overlooking Runnymede (1950–53). Maufe's domestic work had a stylish modernity, in direct contrast with the new functionalism. In the architectural language of the time it was called ‘modernity with manners’ and very much reflected the established taste of the inter-war period. Maufe often wrote and lectured on architecture chiefly on furnishing within the home and on present-day architecture. His designs were considered by interior designers to be modern and stylish, with built-in fitments and pastel colour-schemes, particularly pink, mauve, and cream, contrasted with silver-lacquered furniture and mirrors. One of his house designs was Yaffle Hill, Broadstone, Dorset, built in 1929 for Cyril Carter of Poole Pottery.Other schemes included an extension to Baylins, Beaconsfield in 1927, for Ambrose Heal, Hanah Gluck's studio in Bolton Hill, Hampstead (1932), and the studio for religious services at Broadcasting House (1931). He also designed several branch banks for Lloyds Bank, including 50 Notting Hill Gate, London in 1930. Other works include the Festival Theatre in Cambridge, St Thomas the Apostle in Hanwell, London and the Oxford Playhouse and St Columba's Church (Pont Street, London SW1). He designed buildings for Trinity and St John's College, Cambridge, Balliol and St John's College, Oxford (of which he was made an honorary fellow of in 1943). Maufe was later commissioned to re-design the war-damaged Middle Temple, Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, which made him an Honorary Master of the Bench in 1951. Architectural historian Ian Nairn said that "Maufe is the rare case of a man with genuine spatial gifts but out of sympathy with the style of his time". Retirement and death
Maufe retired in 1964 to Shepherd's Hill, Buxted, East Sussex, which he had restored as his second home in the late 1920s.He died aged 92 on his birthday, 12 December 1974, in nearby Uckfield Hospital.

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<mask> (born January 27, 1953) is an American country music songwriter. He has written Top 10  Billboard Country hits for John Michael Montgomery, Martina McBride, Tim McGraw, Collin Raye, Lady Antebellum, Miranda Lambert, and others. Early life
<mask> was born in Atlanta, where he grew up with musical influence from his father, who sold steel by day and played the piano and ukulele at night. <mask> describes,  “There was always music in the house” and describes his father as being an artist at heart. <mask> took piano lessons in second grade, but didn't find real interest in the instrument until he first heard “Your Song” by Elton John. He would often practice and learn by playing Glen Campbell hits, especially those written by Jimmy Webb, who is <mask>’ idol. <mask> graduated from Oglethorpe University in 1975, and from Georgia State University in 1977 with an MBA.He worked in Atlanta selling advertising, but decided to quit his job to pursue his calling in songwriting. At the age of 27, <mask> opened a small publishing company with two of his friends, and moved to Nashville to pursue music for four years. During his time in Nashville, he met his wife, Katie, with whom he decided to move to Dallas to work in commercial real estate, where he would stay for 13 years and raise 3 children. Career
In 1993, after revisiting songwriting as a hobby, <mask> attended a songwriters’ seminar in Austin and he played his song “Little Rock” for producer/publisher Paul Worley, who decided to take some of <mask>'s songs back to Nashville with him. One of his first cuts, "Little Rock," recorded by Collin Raye, made it to the country top ten in 1994, peaking at #2. "Little Rock" was nominated for Song of the Year by the Country Music Association in 1994, and received a "Million-Air" award from Broadcast Music Incorporated (BMI) for receiving one million spins on country radio. <mask> then signed with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in June 1994, and returned to Nashville, Tennessee in 1997.<mask> topped the charts again in 1998 with his second number-one hit, “The Gift”, as recorded by and co-written with Jim Brickman. In 2001, <mask> started cowriting for Tim McGraw, and wrote the Number One singles "Grown Men Don't Cry" and "Southern Voice," as well as the Top Five songs "My Little Girl" (which also became the end title for the Fox film, “Flicka” in 2006) and "Let It Go." He cowrote on McGraw's 2015 album Damn Country Music As well. He also co-wrote Martina McBride's "Love's the Only House," as well as Lady Antebellum's Number One "I Run to You." In 2009 <mask> received the rare Triple Play Award, in which he had three number one hits in a year. These included Lady Antebellum's “I Run To You”, followed by Tim McGraw's “Southern Voice” and Miranda Lambert's “The House That Built Me”. In 2016, <mask> decided to venture out of his regular co-writing to create Shatter the Madness, a project written with his songwriting partner Allen Shamblin.The project consisted of a mixed-media collection of songs and music videos about a man's struggle to find wholeness in a broken world. <mask> was a vocalist for the four-song project, which included his version of the hit Miranda Lambert made famous, "The House That Built Me." Honors, Recognition and Notable Work
In 1994, "Little Rock," reached No. 2 and was nominated for CMA Song of the Year
In 1998 "The Gift" (recorded co-written with Jim Brickman), reached No. 1
In 2001, "Grown Men Don't Cry", recorded by Tim McGraw reached No. 1
In 2009, I Run to You recorded by Lady Antebellum, reached No. 1 and earned CMA Single of the Year
Also in 2009, "Southern Voice," recorded by Tim McGraw reached No.1
In 2010, "The House That Built Me" won a Grammy Award for Country Song of the Year. The song went on to win CMA Song of the Year, as well as ACM's Song Of The Year and Single Record Of The Year. In 2019, the song earned the Academy of Country Music's first ever Song of the Decade Award. In 2010, <mask> was also nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for the song "Coming Home (song)" featured in the film "Country Strong." In 2011, his hit song "I Run to You" was included on the compilative album "Songs for Japan", which was released in the wake of Japan's tsunami/earthquake disaster in 2011. The album featured songs from more than 30 superstars, including U2, Justin Bieber, Justin Timberlake, Madonna, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Keith Urban, Cee Lo Green, John Lennon and Bob Dylan. Proceeds went towards the Japanese Red Cross Society to support its disaster relief efforts in the country.In 2014, "Meanwhile Back at Mama's" was nominated for Grammy's Country Song Of The Year. Also in 2014, <mask> paired up with Jobs for Life to teach a six-week songwriting class to inmates at Hill Detention Center in Nashville. <mask> was inducted to the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame on October 5, 2014. In 2015, "Raise 'Em Up", recorded by Keith Urban and Eric Church Earned Airplay #1, and received a Grammy Award Nomination for Best Country Duo/Group Performance
In 2016, <mask> released Shatter the Madness with Allen Shamblin
In 2017, <mask> represented the NSAI (Nashville Songwriters Association International) to testify in support of the Music Modernization Act of 2017, which was unanimously passed by the House of Representatives on April 25, 2018. In 2018, <mask> received the MusicRow Award for Song of the Year for his work on Chris Janson's single "Drunk Girl". In 2019, Miranda Lambert's classic "The House That Built Me" earned the Academy of Country Music's first ever Song of the Decade Award, commemorating the ballad's impact and cultural significance. 2
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 "Drive", recorded by The Eli Young Band on their album Fingerprints
 "Everybody", recorded by Chris Janson on his album Everybody
 "Savannah", recorded by Parmalee on their album 27861

2018
 "Unravel", recorded by Nashville (2012 TV series) for season 6, episode 7

References

American country songwriters
American male songwriters
Living people
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1953 births

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<mask> (born January 29, 1964) is a former American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 16 seasons, primarily with the Buffalo Bills. He played college football at Kutztown and was selected by the Bills in the fourth round of the 1985 NFL Draft. Following 15 seasons with the Bills, where he earned Pro Bowl honors seven times, <mask> spent his final season as a member of the Washington Redskins in 2000. <mask> currently ranks eighteenth in NFL history in total career receptions with 951. At the time of his retirement, <mask> was second in all-time in career receptions. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014. Football career
<mask> was born in Allentown and began his football career at Allentown's Dieruff High School, where he played quarterback and competed in the East Penn Conference, which is known for producing top collegiate and NFL football talent.In his senior year (1981–1982), <mask> helped lead Dieruff to an EPC tri-championship, tying for the championship with Emmaus High School and Whitehall High School. <mask> then attended Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, where he moved to the wide receiver position and quickly drew the attention of the NFL for his speed and durability at the receiver position. He set nine school records and finished his college career with 142 receptions for 2,020 yards and 14 touchdowns. In the 1985 NFL Draft, <mask> was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in the fourth round with the 86th overall selection, making him just the second player ever from Kutztown to be selected in an NFL draft (the first being Don Shaver in 1981). He played for the Bills for 15 consecutive seasons, from 1985 through 1999, during which he played in four Super Bowls for the Bills. He was released in the 2000 offseason, along with fellow longtime Bills Thurman Thomas and Bruce Smith, after the team found itself in severe salary cap trouble; the roster dump began a period of downfall from which the Buffalo Bills did not reach the playoffs until the 2017 season. In 2000, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Denver Broncos in June but was buried on the depth chart behind Rod Smith, Ed McCaffrey, Robert Brooks and Travis McGriff.<mask> eventually asked for his release from the Broncos after then Broncos Head Coach Mike Shanahan informed <mask> that he would be inactive for their 2000 season opener and wanted to make a more immediate contribution. He eventually joined the Washington Redskins and retired after the 2000 season. NFL records
<mask> ranks near the top in nearly all NFL career statistical receiving categories. He went over 1,000 yards four times in a 16-year career, is 18th in NFL history in total career receptions with 951, 17th in NFL history in total career receiving yards with 13,198. <mask> is also 14th in NFL history in total career touchdown receptions with 87. He also rushed for 500 yards and a touchdown on 75 carries. With the Bills, <mask> played in four consecutive Super Bowls (1991–1994) and was selected to the Pro Bowl in seven consecutive seasons (1988–1994).<mask> set season career highs with 90 receptions in 1994, ten touchdowns in 1991, and 1,312 receiving yards in 1989. A tribute to his incredible physical durability, <mask> played in 234 NFL games between 1985 and 2000, the 85th most games played by any player in NFL history, including players in less physically demanding positions, such as kickers and punters. Super Bowl records
In his four Super Bowls, <mask> recorded 27 receptions, the second most total career Super Bowl receptions in NFL history (behind Rice's 33). His 323 total Super Bowl receiving yards are the third most in Super Bowl history (behind only Rice's 604 yards and Lynn Swann's 364). "The Comeback"

In addition to the important role he played in taking the Bills to four consecutive Super Bowls, <mask> is also remembered for his contributions to the Bills' January 3, 1993, playoff victory over the Houston Oilers, a game that has come to be known simply as "The Comeback." In the game, which Houston led 35–3 during the third quarter, <mask> caught 3 touchdowns in the second half, leading Buffalo's rally from a 32-point deficit in what became the largest comeback in NFL history. <mask> finished the game with eight receptions for 136 yards and three touchdowns.The game has been enshrined in NFL history as one of the greatest games ever played. It also is recognized as one of the largest comebacks by any team in the history of all of the American professional sports. Following the Bills' victory against the Oilers, <mask> went on to catch eight passes for 152 yards in the Bills' 52–17 Super Bowl XXVII loss, on January 31, 1993, to the Dallas Cowboys. NFL career statistics

Pro Football Hall of Fame
<mask> became eligible for induction into the NFL's Pro Football Hall of Fame, the highest honor afforded a former NFL player, in 2006. However, he was not selected for induction in any of his first four years of eligibility, due in part to the logjam of accomplished wide receiver candidates, including Art Monk, Michael Irvin, and Cris Carter. Although Irvin, Monk and Carter are now enshrined as of 2007, 2008 and 2013 respectively, the logjam became worse than ever for <mask> as he was once again overlooked in 2009, and 2010, which saw wide receiver candidates Jerry Rice and Tim Brown both eligible for the first time. Rice has long been considered one of the greatest players in league history and was almost assured of being a first-ballot Hall of Famer, making 2010 a long shot for <mask>.As expected, Rice was inducted, which did clear some of the logjam going forward for <mask>. In 2006, <mask> was voted into the Buffalo Bills Wall of Fame, joining a number of other players from Bills history whose names are enshrined in the field-encircling cement of Buffalo's New Era Field. The 2009 induction ceremony was overwhelmingly pro-Buffalo Bills because former teammate Bruce Smith and owner Ralph Wilson were both inducted. Through the night, <mask> was referred to multiple times as "future Hall of Famer" with various speeches voicing their ringing endorsement for <mask> as a candidate. On January 9, 2011, <mask> was announced to be one of the 15 finalists to be considered for the Hall of Fame Class of 2011. He, Cris Carter, and Tim Brown were once again passed over. The same trio were among the 15 finalists for the Hall of Fame Class of 2012, and all three were once again passed over.On February 2, 2013, <mask> failed to get voted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He made the cut from 15 finalists to 10 last-ballot candidates, though, while Tim Brown finished his candidacy in the group of 15. Cris Carter made the Hall of Fame. On February 1, 2014, <mask> was selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. He was inducted on August 2, 2014. Television career
Since his NFL retirement in 2000, <mask> has provided football commentary on the ESPN2 show, First Take, and appears periodically as a football analyst on NFL on Fox. He has also appeared on the Spike TV sports series Pros vs. Joes in the show's second season.He is also known for Hawaii Five-0 where he appeared in "Ka'aelike" (Season 7, Episode 12). He played a federal prosecutor on  MacGyver. He also appeared on Magnum PI Season 2 Episode 17 as himself and as a car salesman who abuses his uncanny resemblance to <mask>. Philanthropy
The <mask> Foundation was established in 2010 to help underprivileged children reach their full potential and become responsible contributors to their communities. <mask> is currently a Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) Ambassador after being inducted to their Hall of Fame in 2015. In addition, he leads up a literacy program for underprivileged youth in the BGCA, called Read with Reed 83 Challenge. Legacy
On October 18, 2014, Kutztown University, Reed's alma mater, renamed University Field to <mask> Stadium in his honor in a ceremony.Popular culture
<mask> is mentioned in the 1996 film Jerry Maguire as one of several NFL wide receivers with lucrative contracts, as Rod Tidwell, a fictional wide receiver for the Arizona Cardinals, played by Cuba Gooding, Jr., tells his agent, played by Tom Cruise, that his contract warrants high pay. References

External links

 Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame profile

1964 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football wide receivers
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Kutztown Golden Bears football players
Louis E. Dieruff High School alumni
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Allentown, Pennsylvania
Washington Redskins players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople
10,000 receiving yards club

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<mask> (born July 24, 1992) is a Canadian freestyle skier and is the most accomplished mogul skier of all time. He achieved eminence early in his career after earning the 2009–10 FIS World Cup Rookie of the Year award. He is a nine-time FIS Freestyle World Cup title-holder for both moguls and overall freestyle, owning the records for most men's Moguls World Cup titles and Overall Freestyle World Cup titles. He also owns the records for career World Cup moguls victories with 71, and consecutive Freestyle World Cup event wins with 13. He is the first man to have won both the moguls and dual moguls World Championship events, and has won the most medals at the Freestyle World Championships of any male competitor in history, having won a medal in 11 of the 12 events he has competed in. <mask> won the Olympic silver medal in 2014, and, at the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics, he won the gold medal as Olympic champion of men's moguls. Career

Early success
After several seasons of competition in the Nor-Am Cup, <mask> enjoyed much greater success in 2010, winning 4 moguls and 1 dual moguls event before finishing the year on the World Cup circuit with two consecutive 4th-place finishes.For these efforts, he was named the 2009–10 FIS World Cup Rookie of the Year. <mask> earned his first World Cup podium in the first moguls event of his first full World Cup season, then followed this up with his first World Cup win on December 21, 2010. With the victory, he became the first 18-year-old to win a FIS Freestyle World Cup event. <mask> continued his breakthrough season with one more World Cup event win and 5 additional medals, finishing the 2010–11 FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup season 4th overall and 3rd in the moguls discipline, behind countryman Alexandre Bilodeau and winner Guilbaut Colas. In the midst of this season, he competed in his first 2011 FIS World Championships, and began with a bronze medal in the moguls event behind Bilodeau and winner Colas. In the dual moguls event, <mask> fell in the final pairing, again finishing behind Bilodeau, this time for the silver medal. Reflecting on his first World Championships, <mask> stated: "I never thought at the beginning of the season that I'd be able to be two times on the podium at Deer Valley, the hardest course in the world.Alex, since I was young was my example to follow, it's awesome to be in the final against him." First World Cup and World Championship titles
<mask> won six consecutive World Cup events to start the 2011–2012 season. While the streak ended with a second-place finish in the next event, <mask> became only the second man to podium at every FIS freestyle competition in a season, with eight golds, four silvers, and a bronze. In doing so, he won his first FIS Freestyle Crystal Globe for moguls, as well as the overall Crystal Globe for all freestyle disciplines. "I never thought I would've been able to do this at 19 years old," <mask> later remarked. "But this season I've skied great, I've been consistent every race and I think that was the key for me." To date, this remains his most successful World Cup season in terms of wins, podiums, and points, and his achievements during the season broke or matched several FIS records.<mask>'s 90.77 overall points were the most achieved in a men's FIS Freestyle World Cup season since 2003. With 1180 of a maximum of 1300 points in moguls, he set a men's FIS Freestyle World Cup record for the most points in a season in an individual discipline. He became the youngest male mogul skier to win a Crystal Globe, and set a record for the most podiums in a season (13), in addition to matching the record held by American Jeremy Bloom for the most consecutive World Cup wins at six. Mikael added six victories in the 2012–13 season, in addition to one 2nd-place and two 3rd-place finishes for a total of 9 podiums in 12 events. His performance earned him both his second FIS title in moguls, as well as his second consecutive overall Crystal Globe. At the 2013 FIS Freestyle World Ski Championships, <mask> won his first World Championship title in the moguls event after he also qualified first; teammate Bilodeau placed second. This was the opportunity <mask> had been waiting his life for he said that "I have been waiting a while for this and dreaming about the day that I would earn the world championship title.I worked hard all summer to get to this day and I’m very happy. When I woke up this morning I was in a world championship mood. I felt perfect. My body was perfect, so I knew it could be today." <mask> next competed in the dual moguls finals where he would find himself in the final matchup against teammate Bilodeau again. He again failed to beat him, this still left him as the silver medalist completing a second double medal World Championships. Surpassing Brassard
During the 2013–14 season, Mikael began the season with 3 consecutive victories.However, Canadian teammate Bilodeau, who had finished 2nd in each of the first three races, experienced a resurgence and won the next 3 world cup events to overtake <mask> in both FIS World Cup Moguls and overall standings. At the Sochi Olympics, <mask> had a small stumble in his final run to finish with 24.71, finishing second to Bilodeau's 26.31, and collecting his first Olympic medal. After winning his first Olympic medal <mask> said "I was going for gold, but just to be on the podium is crazy and I am with my teammate, it's just unbelievable." Based on his World Cup results he was a gold medal favourite but <mask> was surpassed by Bilodeau who surprised again for gold. Following the Olympic performance, <mask> finished 3rd, 1st, and 4th, respectively, in the next 3 events, while Bilodeau finished 4th, 9th, and 2nd, setting up an important dual moguls final between the two rivals in the second last event of the season, on March 16, 2014. At the age of 21, <mask> defeated Bilodeau in the final for his 21st career win, in the process moving him past childhood role-model Jean-Luc Brassard for most World Cup wins by a Canadian (during this same event, Bilodeau's silver medal tied Brassard for most World Cup medals by a Canadian). Entering the final event of the season, <mask> now led Bilodeau by 3 points for the Men's overall freestyle title, and by 31 points for the Men's mogul's title.In the final event, the two once again faced off in the dual moguls final. Bilodeau retired with a win over <mask>, stating that he was "really honoured to have [his] last run against the best in the world." <mask> added another silver medal, and ultimately edged Bilodeau by 1 point for the overall freestyle title and 11 points for the Men's mogul title; at 890 points and 879 points respectively, <mask> and Bilodeau finished the season with double the points of third overall Patrick Deneen. World Cup records
The FIS had suggested prior to the start of the 2014–15 season that "with Bilodeau now out of the picture, the story of the... season will be whether somebody, anybody, will be able to challenge Mikael <mask>'s claim to moguls supremacy." <mask> answered this question with what the Canadian Freestyle Association considered to be "arguably one of the most prolific and impressive seasons in freestyle history," punctuated by a 19–16 victory over teammate Philippe Marquis in the dual moguls finals of the 8th event of the World Cup season in Tazawako, Japan. In doing so, <mask> won his record 7th straight FIS World Cup moguls event after starting the season with a disappointing 9th-place finish, breaking the previous record of six consecutive wins that he had shared with Jeremy Bloom. This win was also the 28th FIS Freestyle Skiing World Cup victory of <mask>'s young career, tying him with Frenchman Edgar Grospiron for first on the all-time list.At age 22, <mask> reached the milestone in 60 World Cup events compared to Grospiron's 78. By this point <mask> had already clinched his 4th straight moguls season title after winning the moguls ev"ent in Tazawako the day prior. Unfortunately, in the final event of the season, he suffered an uncharacteristic crash in his quarter final heat and finished 8th. Despite falling short, his performance helped Canada claim the moguls Nations Cup and the FIS Freestyle overall Nations cup, the latter in an incredibly tight battle, finishing only 54 points ahead of the US. Kingbsury also finished the day with the moguls and Freestyle overall crystal globes for the fourth straight season. In the midst of his successful World Cup season, <mask> won his first World Championship title in the dual moguls event, over Canadian teammates Philippe Marquis and Marc-Antoine Gagnon. This was the first time a country has swept the podium in the history of the dual moguls event at World Championships.He was unable to defend his gold in the moguls event, finishing second to Anthony Benna after finishing first in qualification and leading into Final 2. His 2nd place showing still ensured that his streak of six consecutive podium finishes at the World Championships would continue. <mask> had to wait nearly 9 months for another opportunity to set the men's record for World Cup moguls skiing victories. He made good on this chance at the 2015–16 season-opening dual moguls event in Finland, by defeating Benjamin Cavet of France 20–15 in the finals, en route to claiming the moguls and Freestyle overall crystal globes for the fifth straight season. During the 2016–17 season, <mask> became the first skier to sweep the single and dual moguls competitions in Deer Valley for a second time. In the dual moguls, he beat his opponents by a combined score of 144–31 to earn his 58th men's World Cup podium, surpassing Edgar Grospiron for most all-time while extending his all-time record for wins to 37. In January 2018, <mask> set a new record for the most World Cup wins, surpassing Hannah Kearney of the US at 47.The next month, <mask> won his elusive Olympic gold medal in Pyongchang with a score of 86.63. On December 11, <mask> was rewarded for his record-setting season when he was awarded the Lou Marsh Trophy, honouring Canada's top athlete of the year. This was followed by The Canadian Press' male athlete of the year Lionel Conacher Award on December 27; in both cases he was the first freestyle skier to win the award. <mask> missed the first 3 events of the shortened 2020-2021 World cup season after fracturing his T4 and T5 vertebrae while training for the opening World Cup event. He returned for the final 2 events, winning both. He then won two world titles in 2 days in Kazakhstan. On January 24, 2022, <mask> was named to Canada's 2022 Olympic team.Results

Olympic results

World Championship results

World Cup results

World Cup victories
<mask> has achieved 71 victories in the FIS Freestyle Ski World Cup. References

External links

Freestyle Skiing Canada profile
Mikael <mask>: Bio & Career in Photos on About.com

1992 births
Canadian male freestyle skiers
Living people
People from Sainte-Agathe-des-Monts
Sportspeople from Quebec
Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic freestyle skiers of Canada
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in freestyle skiing
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Lou Marsh Trophy winners

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