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<mask><mask><mask>  (12 May 1939 – 11 May 2014) was an Australian rugby league footballer and coach. He played  for the St. George Dragons from 1959 to 1967 and represented Australia in a then record 36 Tests and three World Cup games. He was the captain of the national side on eight occasions between 1962–1967. <mask> was included on the National Rugby League's list of 100 greatest players and the honorary Team of the Century. He is a member of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame and Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia. Early life
<mask> was born in the Southern Sydney suburb of Mortdale on 12 May 1939.At Sutherland Intermediate High School, <mask> excelled at both rugby and cricket. He later attended Sydney Technical High School ("Tech") in the St. George area suburb of Bexley. While at Tech, he became a champion sportsman in both rugby and cricket, achieving junior state representative honours in both sports. He went on to play rugby league for junior club Renown United. <mask> was selected in the NSW schoolboys side aged 13, to play in a curtain raiser to the 1952 Australia and New Zealand Test. Career
<mask> has been described as the ultimate all-round rugby league player. Teammate Keith Barnes recalled: "He had everything, a body swerve, speed and acceleration.He could stand you up or run around you. There was no better sight in rugby league than when he threw his head back and left them standing." Dave Bolton, who played against <mask> in international play remarked:  "He was a great player. Along with Eric Ashton the best centre I’ve ever seen. He was very fast and very deceptive. You never knew what he would do next. He'd be running straight and then veer left or right."Upon <mask>'s retirement then ARL chairman Bill Buckley said, "[In] his day, he was the greatest rugby league player I have ever seen. Gasnier had an amazing change of pace and great anticipation. He was also particularly unselfish. He was without peer." <mask> was nicknamed "Puff the Magic Dragon" and the "prince of centres" for his high-quality play. St. George Dragons
In 1957, <mask>, aged 18, focused his attention on rugby league, signing with the local St. George Dragons for the 1958 season. After only six games in third grade, he was selected for his first grade debut, and after only five first grade games he was selected for New South Wales.He scored 15 tries in 16 games for his state team. By 1959, <mask> had become an established member of both the New South Wales state side and the Australian international team. He was an important member of the dominant Dragons team of the late 1950s/early 1960s that won 11 consecutive premiership victories, of which <mask> was on the team for six. He finished his career with the Dragons in 1967, with 127 tries and 20 goals in 125 appearances and 6 premierships. <mask> is widely regarded as one of the greatest ever St. George Dragons players. National team
In 1959, <mask> moved up from reserve to Test team, making  his international debut for Australia against New Zealand in the 1st Test of 1959 in Sydney. He played in all three Tests of that series, and went on to tour Britain with the Kangaroos.On the tour, he scored a hat trick in the 1st Test 22–14 victory against Great Britain at Swinton's Station Road (attendance 35,224). However the Ashes were retained by the home nation after wins in the remaining Tests at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds (11–10, attendance 30,184) and Central Park (Wigan) (18–12, attendance 26,089). In 1960, he played in World Cup finals as a member of the national team. He is listed on the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 339. <mask> became Australia's youngest ever captain in 1962 when he led Australia against England at 23 years and 28 days. The following season, he toured Europe as a member of the National Team for a second time.In 1967-68, he again toured Europe, this time as coach-captain of the Kangaroos. His career ended prematurely, at age 28, when he broke his leg during the first test at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, that saw him sit out the remainder of the English leg. He returned to the field in France but in a minor game against Les Espoirs in Avignon, he suffered a further break of the leg. This would ultimately cause him to announce his retirement from playing at the age of just 28. He later told in an interview that he never regretted his decision to retire, explaining that he had been playing rugby league virtually non-stop including juniors, junior representative games, the Sydney premiership, interstate games and international tours since the early 1950s, and felt it was about time that he started devoting more time to his family. He finished his international career as Australia's most capped player, with a total of 39 caps (36 Test and 3 World Cup), a record that remained until Mal Meninga broke it in 1992. <mask> scored 28 tries for Australia and captained the side on eight occasions.Media career
After retiring from the playing field in 1967, <mask> was involved in the media side of rugby league, becoming a sports writer and broadcaster. He provided expert analysis on the ABC's Grandstand television coverage during the 1970s. Personal life and death
While at Sydney Technical High School, <mask> met his future wife Maureen (née Sullivan). The couple wed in 1962. <mask> was the uncle of the rugby league footballer <mask>, who, like his uncle, was a centre and played for both NSW (12 games) and Australia (15 tests). In 2010, <mask> underwent major surgery to remove tumours from his neck and brain. On 11 May 2014, the day before his 75th birthday, he died in a Miranda nursing home after a long illness.He was survived by his wife, son Peter, daughter Kellie, and four grandchildren. Maureen died on 30 September 2016. Honours
In 1981, <mask> was selected as one of the initial four post-war "Immortals" of the Australian game along with Clive Churchill, Johnny Raper and Bob Fulton. In December of that year, he was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame and in 2002, he was inducted into the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) in 1989. He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal in 2000, and the Centenary Medal in 2001. In 1989 he was awarded Life Membership of the St. George Dragons club.In 2007, <mask> was selected by a panel of experts at centre in the "Team of the 50s". In February 2008, he was selected as one of Australia's 100 Greatest Players by the National Rugby League and Australian Rugby League to celebrate the code's centenary year. <mask> was also named as one of the centres, along with Mal Meninga, in Australian rugby league's 17 player Team of the Century in April 2008. New South Wales also named <mask> to their team of the century. <mask> was made a life member of the Sydney Cricket Ground, and a plaque in the Walk of Honour there commemorates his career. In 2010, a bronze statue of <mask> was unveiled as the seventh at the grounds as part of the Basil Sellers Sports Sculpture project. A tribute to the life of <mask> was held at Jubilee Oval, Kogarah on 5 July 2014 and was attended by over 12,000 people.Many of his former team-mates attended the hour long ceremony including three Immortals; Graeme Langlands, Wally Lewis and Johnny Raper. The late Clive Churchill was represented by his wife Joyce and the late Arthur Beetson was represented by his son Mark. Other notable former players attended including Eddie Lumsden, Johnny Riley, Johnny King, Dave Brown, Bob Bugden, Grahame Bowen, Tommy Ryan, Brian Graham and Billy Smith. The Master of Ceremonies for the occasion was noted broadcaster Ray Warren who read tributes to <mask> provided by Ian Heads, Robert Raftery and David Middleton plus historical photographs and video footage of <mask>'s career were shown to the crowd. A plaque is erected near the north western sideline of Jubilee Oval where <mask> showed his electrifying skill and talent during his sparkling rugby league career. The plaque was unveiled by <mask>'s wife Maureen and children, Kellie and Peter. References

Footnotes

External links
 <mask> at bestlegenz.com.au
 <mask> at rl1908.com
 <mask> at eraofthebiff.com

1939 births
2014 deaths
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team coaches
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league coaches
City New South Wales rugby league team players
Members of the Order of Australia
New South Wales rugby league team players
People educated at Sydney Technical High School
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
St. George Dragons players

masks:
Reginald William "
Reg
" Gasnier
Gasnier
Reginald William Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
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Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
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Mark Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
Gasnier
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Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
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Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier
Reg Gasnier


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<mask>ys C.I.C.M. (19 November 191216 August 1999) was a Belgian missionary, sinologist, and academic best known for his studies on the grammar of Classical Chinese, oracle bone script, and on the varieties of Chinese. He was a member of the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae (Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary) missionary order, and proselyted in China in the 1930s, then later became a professor of Chinese at the University of Washington. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born on 19 November 1912 in Heule, a village in the West Flanders region of Belgium. Serruys was one of seven children, and his father was a successful brewer. His primary education was in local village schools, after which he began boarding at a Catholic high school in nearby Kortrijk. The school required students to become fluent in French and German, as well as in the Latin and Greek Classics, which stimulated Serruys' interest in linguistics and philology.During his time in secondary school, Serruys became a strong supporter of the Flemish Movement. In 1930, after he completed secondary school, Serruys followed his older brother Henry in joining the novitiate of the Congregatio Immaculati Cordis Mariae (Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary), a Roman Catholic missionary order focused on East Asia and Africa. Inspired by the examples of prominent Catholic missionaries in China such as Matteo Ricci and Theophiel Verbist, the founder of the C.I.C.M., <mask> and his brother began intensively studying Mandarin Chinese, Classical Chinese, and other Chinese dialects at the Catholic University of Leuven. After several years of study, Serruys was ordained a Catholic priest on 4 August 1936 and departed for China one year later in August 1937. China
Serruys arrived in Tianjin in November 1937 after a difficult two-month sea voyage, then traveled by train to his assigned parish in Xicetian (), a small village in Shanxi Province located between Datong city and Hunyuan County along the banks of the Sanggan River. At the time, the area was occupied by the Japanese Army, while the countryside was patrolled by Chinese guerrilla fighters and bandits, making travel often dangerous. Serruys focused his efforts on studying the local dialect, which was a variety of Jin Chinese.Serruys' focus on studying the local language was often criticized by other missionaries, who felt he cared more about linguistic research than ministering to his congregants and proselytizing. Much of his early scholarship focused on correcting errors in existing translations of prayers, missals, and catechisms. In March 1943, <mask> and his fellow missionaries were placed under house arrest by the Japanese, first in the Weihsien Internment Camp, then at the chapter house of the Jesuits in Beijing. Serruys was released with the rest of the captives in late 1945 following Japan's unconditional surrender and the end of World War II, whereupon Serruys was sent to Zhangguantun (), a township several miles outside of Cangzhou in Hebei Province. Conditions were poor due to the continuation of the Chinese Civil War, and Serruys was forced to hide most of his religious materials to prevent their confiscation by the anti-religious Communist Party of China forces after the Kuomintang lost control of the region in 1946. <mask> moved back to Beijing in 1947, where he taught at a C.I.C.M. academy and studied at Fu Jen Catholic University.Berkeley
In 1949, Serruys and other C.I.C.M. missionaries who had been in China for more than 10 years were evacuated home to Europe. The C.I.C.M assigned <mask> and his brother to pursue graduate study in Chinese, so Serruys went to the University of California, Berkeley while his brother went to Columbia University. He arrived at Berkeley, California in 1950, where he studied under the prominent Russian-American sinologist Peter A. Boodberg, Chinese linguist Y. R. Chao, American linguist Mary Haas, and German sociologist Wolfram Eberhard. The C.I.C.M. did not provide Serruys with financial support during his time at Berkeley, so he supported himself by working as a chaplain and saying Mass and hearing confession at local Catholic churches. He received his Ph.D. in 1956 with a dissertation entitled "Prolegomena to the Study of Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen", a study of the Fangyan, an ancient Chinese dialect dictionary compiled in the 1st century AD by Yang Xiong.After receiving his Ph.D., <mask> received a Guggenheim Fellowship allowing him to continue working on his studies of the Fangyan for two years, resulting in his 1959 book The Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen. Teaching
In 1962, <mask> left Berkeley to take up a position as director of the Chinese program at Georgetown University's Institute for Languages and Linguistics. He taught there for three years until 1965, when he was offered a professorship in early Chinese language at the University of Washington by Li Fang-Kuei. Serruys accepted, and was a professor at Washington for 16 years. <mask> recalled his time at Washington as "the happiest of his life", teaching courses on Classical Chinese and the development of Chinese characters. Serruys' Classical Chinese courses were some of the first to "[approach] classical texts from the standpoint of a carefully defined grammatical framework, strictly and rigorously applied in analysis". He retired in 1981 due to a policy that required professors to retire at age 70, which was common at U.S. universities in the 20th century.Research
Early in his time at Washington, Serruys focused his research on Chinese bronze inscriptions, but later became engrossed in the study of oracle bone script. His research culminated in his article "Studies in the Language of the Shang Oracle Inscriptions", published in T'oung Pao in 1974, which is considered "a cornerstone of [the] field" among Western scholars. One theory regarding the grammar of the Shang oracle inscription language he proposed in the article is named after him, i.e., "Rule of Serruys"（司礼义法则）in the field of oracle bone studies. However, according to Edward L. Shaughnessy, "Serruys rarely wrote anything, and published even less; when he did publish, it was very hard to follow the logic of his argument, which was essentially presented through the translation of numerous example sentences." Retirement and later life
The C.I.C.M had no chapterhouse in the Pacific Northwest, so Serruys decided to move to Taiwan after his retirement from the University of Washington. He struggled to adjust to life in Taiwan and began having some health problems, and so returned to the U.S. in 1985. In 1994, the C.I.C.M convinced Serruys to move to their retirement facility in Kessel-Lo, a village outside of Leuven in Belgium.The order provided space for <mask>' large book collection, and he spent the last years of his life doing as much research and correspondence as his health allowed. In 1999 he suffered a serious seizure possibly caused by a stroke, which severely weakened his body and mind. <mask> died in Kessel-Lo on 16 August 1999, aged 86. Selected works
 <mask>, <mask> (1959). The Chinese Dialects of Han Time According to Fang Yen. Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. – – – (1974)."Studies in the Language of the Shang Oracle Inscriptions", T'oung Pao 60, pp. 12–120. – – – (1984). "On the System of the Pu Shou 部首 in the Shuo-wen chieh-tzu 說文解字", Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Vol. 55, pt. 4, pp. 651–754.– – – (1991). "Studies in the Language of the Shih-ching: I, the Final Particle Yi", Early China, Vol. 16, pp. 81–168. References
Footnotes

Works cited

1912 births
1999 deaths
Belgian sinologists
University of Washington faculty
Belgian Roman Catholic missionaries
Roman Catholic missionaries in China
Belgian expatriates in China
Fu Jen Catholic University faculty
Missionary linguists

masks:
Paul Leo Mary Serru
Paul Leo Mary Serruys
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<mask> (born April 30, 1973) is an American pop singer, songwriter and producer and founding member of the Grammy-nominated pop group 98 Degrees. Career

Rise of 98 Degrees
<mask> was the founding member of 98 Degrees. While studying psychology at Kent State, <mask> decided to move to Los Angeles to pursue a career in entertainment. Although he received several acting jobs (including a commercial for the U.S. Navy), his passion belonged to music and he formed a singing group subsequently. <mask> (along with <mask>, and brothers Drew and Nick Lachey) formed independently and were later signed to the Motown label in the mid-1990s. In 1997, they released their first single "Invisible Man" which peaking at number-twelve in the Billboard Hot 100. After building popularity with their appearance in the movie Mulan, singing "True to Your Heart" which had them collaborate with Stevie Wonder, their success broke out in late 1998 with their album 98 Degrees and Rising, which included the hit singles "The Hardest Thing", "I Do (Cherish You)" and "Because of You".In 2000, the group released their fourth album Revelation which became their highest charting album in the Billboard 200. The group took a hiatus in 2002 though they reunited briefly to sing on Nick and Jessica's Christmas Special, a Christmas TV special which featured member Nick Lachey and his then-wife, singer-actress Jessica Simpson. Solo ventures
<mask> and the other members of 98 Degrees decided to take a break in 2002 after their world tour. <mask> launched his solo career by touring with Jim Brickman. After positive reviews, he wrote and arranged his first solo album, Whisper That Way, which was released in August 2004 and included the singles Whisper That Way, Better Days and Favorite Star. The album reached #20 on the Adult Contemporary chart. In September 2005, <mask> rejoined his band to perform at Club Purgatory in the neighborhood of Cincinnati to support bandmate <mask> in his candidacy for mayor of Cincinnati.In October 2006, <mask> participated in the VH1 reality TV series, Mission: Man Band. This TV show grouped four former pop singers, <mask>, Bryan Abrams of Color Me Badd, Rich Cronin of LFO and Chris Kirkpatrick of *NSYNC to form a new band called Sureshot. In December 2009, <mask> offered his second album, Emotional High to fans for free via his website. The album contained the single "Emotional High". In 2012, <mask> joined boy bands A1 and Blue in a Southeast Asian world tour and performed both his solo songs and 98 Degrees singles. In 2016, <mask> joined the team on the Discovery Science television series "Droned" as a Co-Executive Producer. The series was picked up for distribution in 94 countries worldwide.In October 2018, <mask> enjoyed one of the most successful ventures of his career, teaming up with CBS Big Brother Legend and IMPACT Wrestling Superstar Mr. PEC-Tacular Jessie Godderz to record the single The Girl Is With Me. The song (and accompanying music video) garnered rave reviews and went viral, with prominent features in Entertainment Tonight, People Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Entertainment Weekly, Yahoo, and many more worldwide media outlets, spurring talks of a follow-up single. The song is also scheduled to appear in an upcoming episode of the Amazon Prime series New Dogs, Old Tricks by Gemelli Films. Men of the Strip
In 2011, <mask> joined the Chippendales male stripper revue as a singer / performer and MC for a limited run. He was initially skeptical about taking up the offer, but was encouraged by his wife Amanda, and his decision launched a new phase in his career. The success of mixing his performance with the male revue inspired <mask> to propose a more mainstream version with the men performing more than a strip show, but this idea was not supported by Chippendales management. Together with Emmy-nominated choreographer Glenn Douglas Packard and entrepreneur "Money Mike" Foland, <mask> created the "Men of the Strip" revue, a process documented in a 2014 docusoap film of the same name, produced for the E!network. <mask> describes the film as "like Magic Mike with elements of Sex and the City: the guys' personal lives, they're fighting to be the best at what they can do, but at the end of the day, they're family." He also said that the film covers the audition process, "how they navigate being on stage" and that while "[p]eople are going to think they know what male strippers are all about, each of these guys are unique and interesting." The Men of the Strip troupe earned a contract and regular performances at the Tropicana Las Vegas from 2017, as well as touring in the United States and Canada. The Men of the Strip performers are required to sing and dance in shows, at times performing with <mask> who also sometimes acts as MC. Personal life
<mask> was born April 30, 1973 in Canton, Ohio. He graduated from Massillon Washington High School in Massillon, Ohio, and Malone College, Canton, Ohio, where he played football for a year.<mask> met his wife, Amanda, while co-hosting a New Kids on the Block event for Jordan Knight. Having had "such a bad previous marriage I had no intention of ever having a serious relationship again," <mask> was not looking for love but found Amanda intriguing and fascinating as she did not know him despite his previous fame with 98 degrees. <mask> describes her as the "brainchild behind the rebirth of my career," referring to the Men of the Strip project, and states "[a]nything that happens forward, if it's a successful endeavor, you can be assured that she's behind it." <mask> has children by his first wife and he has spoken about the challenge of explaining the Men of the Strip show to them. Discography

98 Degrees
 98° (1997)
 98° and Rising (1998)
 Revelation (2000)
 2.0 (2013)

Solo albums
 Whisper That Way (2004)

Singles
2004: "Whisper That Way"
2004: "Better Days"
2005: "Favorite Star"
2009: "Emotional High"
2014: "That Girl"
2018: "The Girl Is With Me" featuring Mr. PEC-Tacular Jessie Godderz

Filmography
 Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Celebration (2001)
 The Screen Savers (9/9/2004)
 Mission Man Band (2007 - 2008)
 Dead 7 (2016)
 Droned (2016) - Co-Executive Producer

References

External links

Reverbnation page
Official Facebook Group

1973 births
Living people
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
98 Degrees members
American male pop singers
American tenors
Singers from Ohio
Musicians from Canton, Ohio
Malone University alumni
Kent State University alumni
American contemporary R&B singers

masks:
Jeffrey Brandon Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Timmons
Justin Jeffre
Timmons
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Justin Jeffre
Timmons
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Timmons


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<mask> is an American journalist and author who writes about healthcare delivery and health care systems and patient safety and nursing. <mask> coined the term “Team Intelligence,” to describe the constellation of skills and knowledge needed to build the kind of teams upon which patient safety depends. Her work includes, First Do Less Harm: Confronting the Inconvenient Problems of Patient Safety (Cornell University Press, 2012), a collection of essays edited with Ross Koppel and Beyond the Checklist: What Else Health Care Can Learn from Aviation Safety and Teamwork (Cornell University Press, 2012), written with commercial pilot Patrick Mendenhall and medical educator Bonnie Blair O’Connor, with a foreword by Captain Chesley “Sully” Sullenberger. It also includes books about nursing's contribution to health care including Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines, and Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. With Bernice Buresh, she is author of From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public, which is in its third edition. Along with Sioban Nelson, she co-edits The Culture and Politics of Health Care Work Series at Cornell University Press. She is author, co-author or editor of 18 books.She is currently working on a book about the innovations and clinical care at the Veterans Health Administration. <mask> is co-author of the play about team relationships in healthcare entitled Bedside Manners. This play has been performed at numerous venues including the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, The National Patient Safety Foundation, and is being used in Interprofessional Education programs in the US and Canada, including the University of Toronto and The University of California at San Francisco, Yale University, and many others. <mask> has been a radio commentator for US CBS Radio and National Public Radio's Marketplace. She is a certified TeamSTEPPS Master Trainer. <mask> has lectured all over the world on healthcare issues. She is Assistant Adjunct Professor at the University of California at San Francisco School of Nursing.She is also an Affiliated Scholar at the Wilson Centre at the University of Toronto's Faculty of Medicine. and an editorial board member of the Journal of Interprofessional Care. Early years
<mask> grew up in New York City and Scarsdale, New York. Her father, Dan M<mask>, M.D. was an ophthalmologist, who practiced at New York Hospital and was a professor at Cornell Medical School. He did the original research that adapted the use of ACTH and Cortisone for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. She got her first job in journalism in 1970 at United Press International.She also helped found and write for Women: A Journal of Liberation, one of the first feminist journals in the US. Career
For the first part of her career she wrote largely about political culture and women's issues, writing Lonely in America (1996), a journalistic account of loneliness as a mass social problem in American society. She also wrote a widely reviewed expose of ballet as work – Off Balance: The Real World of Ballet. The book challenged the myth that everything is beautiful at the ballet. <mask> began writing about healthcare after she had her first baby at a small community hospital outside of Boston. Socialized like so many others, only to focus on the role of physicians in healthcare, she was surprised to discover the importance of nurses in monitoring and managing her labor and delivery, making sure she and her baby were safe, and helping her to cope with her post-labor problems and learn how to take care of her baby. She wrote her first article on nursing, “The Crisis in Caring” for the Boston Globe Sunday Magazine.She then spent three years at the Beth Israel Hospital in Boston, following three nurses for her book Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines. When President Clinton launched his failed health care initiative, which launched the era of managed care, <mask> began to journalistically document the impact of managed care on patients and caregivers alike. Her book Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost-Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nursing and Patient Care explored the problems of for-profit driven managed care. In 2000, with the publication of the paperback version of Dana Beth Weinberg's Code Green, for which she wrote a foreword, <mask> and her colleagues Fran Benson and Sioban Nelson, launched the Culture and Politics of Health Care Work Series at Cornell University Press which has published 30 titles on healthcare. In the mid 2000 <mask> began to focus more on patient safety. Concerned about the parlous state of physician/nurse communication, she wrote the play Bedside Manners, with playwright Lisa Hayes in 2013. Awards
 American Journal of Nursing.2000 Book of the Year Award. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public. Nursing in the Media Award. Registered Nurses Association of Ontario. 2001. 2005 Golden Lamp Award for the Best Media Depiction of Nursing (Center for Nursing Advocacy) for Nursing against the Odds
 Winner of the 2006 Golden Lamp Award for Best Media on How Nurses Present Themselves to the Public for The Complexities of Care
 Winner of the 2006 American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Awards (Community/Public Health, Professional Development and Issues, History and Public Policy) for The Complexities of Care
 Book of the Year Award. American Journal of Nursing for Safety in Numbers, 2008.First-place Winner of the 2009 AJN Book of the Year Awards (Leadership and Management, Public Interest and Creative Works) for Safety in Numbers

Books
 <mask>, <mask>. Black Mesa: The Angel of Death. New York: John Day, 1973. <mask>, <mask>. Lonely in America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1976. <mask>, <mask>.Off Balance: The Real World of Ballet. New York: Pantheon, 1984, paperback, McGraw Hill, 1985. <mask>, <mask>. Prisoners of Men's Dreams: Striking Out for a New Feminine Future. New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1991. <mask>, <mask>. Life Support: Three Nurses on the Front Lines.New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1997. , paperback Back Bay Books, 1998. Buresh, Bernice and <mask>, <mask>. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public. Ottawa: Canadian Nurses Association, third edition 2013. <mask>, <mask>. Nursing Against the Odds: How Health Care Cost Cutting, Media Stereotypes, and Medical Hubris Undermine Nurses and Patient Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005.Buresh, Bernice and <mask>, <mask>. From Silence to Voice: What Nurses Know and Must Communicate to the Public, 2nd Edition. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, May 2006. Nelson, Sioban and <mask>, <mask> editors. The Complexities of Care: Nursing Reconsidered. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. <mask>, <mask>, Buchanan, John, Bretherton, Tanya.Safety in Numbers: Nurse-to-Patient Ratios and the Future of Health Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008. <mask>, <mask>, editor. When Chicken Soup Isn’t Enough: Stories of Nurses Standing Up for Themselves, Their Patients, and Their Profession. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010. Koppel, Ross and <mask>, editors. First Do Less Harm: Confronting the Inconvenient Problems of Patient Safety.Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012. <mask>, <mask>, Mendenhall, Patrick, O’Connor, Bonnie Blair, with a foreword by Captain Chesley “Sully” Sullenberer. Beyond the Checklist: What Else Healthcare Can Learn from Aviation Safety and Teamwork. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2012. <mask>, <mask>, Feldman, David L. Leonard, Michael. Editors, Collaborative Caring: Stories and Reflections on Teamwork in Health Care. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2014

Board and committee memberships
 Editorial board member Nursing Inquiry
 Board Member Journal of Interprofessional Care
 Robert Wood Johnson Committee on the Nursing Shortage

References

1945 births
Living people
American women journalists
American women writers
21st-century American women

masks:
Suzanne Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Suzanne Gordon
. Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne
Gordon
Suzanne


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Pierre (<mask><mask> OBE (July 5, 1913 – May 16, 1988) was a United States Marine Corps colonel who received two Navy Crosses for extraordinary heroism as a major in World War II. He served in North Africa and Europe during the war, as a member of the French Foreign Legion, the U.S. Marines and the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), operating behind enemy lines several times. <mask> also acted in Hollywood films after the war. He was one of very few U.S. Marines to serve in combat in Europe during World War II, and one of the most decorated Marine officers of the war. Early life
Although born in New York to an American mother of Swiss descent and a French-born Spanish father, <mask> was educated at the University of Grenoble in France. He spoke ten languages, including English, Spanish, French, Italian, German and Arabic. French Foreign Legion
On February 1, 1932, at the age of 19, <mask> joined the French Foreign Legion for five years' service in North Africa.He was sent to the Legion's training camp at Sidi Bel-Abbes in French Algeria. He later served in Morocco, where he was promoted to corporal in 1933 and sergeant in 1935. He was awarded the Croix de guerre twice during a campaign against the Riffian people. He also received the Médaille militaire. As an acting lieutenant, he was offered a commission as a second lieutenant if he re-enlisted. Instead, when his contract expired in 1937, he returned to the United States to serve as a technical adviser for war films in Hollywood. World War II
With the outbreak of World War II and the United States still neutral, <mask> re-enlisted in the French Foreign Legion in October 1939 as a sergeant, receiving a battlefield commission in May 1940.He was wounded while blowing up a fuel dump and captured by the Germans during the 1940 Battle of France. He escaped the following year via Lisbon and made his way to the United States. <mask> enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps on June 22, 1942. As a result of his training and experience, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant after only 40 days in service. He was promoted to captain on December 3. With his knowledge of the region, he was sent to Tangier, Morocco. He conducted reconnaissance behind enemy lines in Tunisia for the Office of Strategic Services (OSS).At the time, though most of Morocco was a French protectorate, Tangiers was a protectorate of neutral Spain. During a night mission, <mask>'s right hand was seriously wounded in an encounter with a German patrol and he was sent back to the United States to recover. In 1943, <mask> became a member of the OSS. On January 6, 1944, he was dropped by parachute into the Haute-Savoie region of German-occupied France as part of the three-man "Union" mission, with Colonel Pierre Fourcaud of the French secret service and Captain Thackwaite from the British Special Operations Executive, to evaluate the capabilities of the Resistance and train the Maquis du Vercors in the Alpine region. He drove four downed RAF pilots to the border of neutral Spain before leaving France with his team in late May. Promoted to major, <mask> parachuted back into France on August 1, 1944, this time as the commander of the "Union II" mission. He was captured by the Germans on August 16.In April 1945, he and three other prisoners of war escaped while being moved to another camp, but after ten days with little or no food, returned to their old camp after discovering that the prisoners had virtually taken control. On April 29, the camp was liberated. <mask> rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the Marine Corps Reserve. He was released from active duty in 1946 and returned to Hollywood. In April 1954, he volunteered to return to active duty to serve as a Marine observer in Indochina. The Marine Corps did not accept his request because "current military policies will not permit the assignment requested." On March 1, 1955, he retired from the Marine Corps and was promoted to the rank of colonel on the retirement list because he was decorated in combat.Colonel <mask> was awarded 24 medals in all from three countries. Navy Cross citations

ORTIZ, PIERRE (PETER) J. (First Award)
Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Place: Office of Strategic Services (London)
Date of Action: January 8–20, 1944
Citation:

ORTIZ, PIERRE (PETER) J. (Second Award)
Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Place: Office of Strategic Services (France)
Date of Action: August 1, 1944 – April 27, 1945
Citation:

Acting
Upon returning to civilian life, <mask> became an actor. He appeared in a number of films, several with director <mask>, including Rio Grande, in which he played "Captain St. <mask>". According to his son, Marine Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, <mask>., "My father was an awful actor but he had great fun appearing in movies". After serving as technical advisor in 13 Rue Madeleine (1947), he did so again in the film Operation Secret (1952), which was based on his World War II exploits.<mask> had no control over the script of the film, in which he was portrayed by Cornel Wilde, and "wasn't too happy with the result." He told columnist Bob Thomas that "they had stipulated that I was to help in the screenplay but never consulted me." <mask>'s acting career foundered during the 1950s, and in 1955 he advertised for work in movie trade publications. <mask> lived in a small tract house in Tarzana, California with his wife and 19-month-old son. He told Aline Mosby of United Press International that a movie producer had promised to promote his career when he appeared on the radio program This Is Your Life in 1951, but that promised opportunities in film had not materialized and that he had only obtained work as an extra. His ad said that he was "willing and able to do anything". Death
<mask> died of cancer on May 16, 1988, at the age of 74 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Plot: Section 59 Site 1269.He was survived by his wife <mask> and their son <mask><mask> <mask>. In August 1994, the village of Montgirod, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, renamed its town hall square the "Place du Colonel Peter <mask>". Military decorations
<mask> was the most highly decorated member of the OSS.

masks:
Peter
) Julien Ortiz
Ortiz
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Ortiz
Ortiz
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Jacques
Peter J
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Peter J
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<mask> (13 November 1862 – 29 April 1946) was an English suffragist, physiotherapist, and charity worker. Profoundly deaf and widowed at a young age, she operated a home for women and children, and then later for disabled children. She participated in the Women's Tax Resistance League and was jailed for her refusal to pay tax if she were not allowed the right to vote. She was the first person imprisoned for failure to pay a tax under the Insurance Act. Early life
Felicia Catherine Glanvill was born on 13 November 1862 in Peckham, London. She married <mask> and had three daughters, before she was widowed. She operated a home in her residence in Bromley for disabled children and was an early practitioner of physical therapy, at a time when Victorian society frowned upon women working in medicine, especially in a field which used physical contact.Suffrage
<mask> joined the Women's Freedom League (WFL)’s Bromley branch and by 1910 was one of the leading members of the organization. She met and became close friends with Charlotte Despard, another widow involved in charitable works, who operated a home for the poor in Wandsworth. The exact nature of their relationship is unknown, but Despard recorded in her diary that "the anniversary of our love" began on 12 January 1912. <mask> organized the suffrage march which took place in June 1911 as part of the Women's Coronation Procession for George V. Despard, who was president of the WFL, led the suffrage march. As early as 1911 <mask>, who had become a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League, engaged in a protracted battle with the Kent County Council for refusal to pay a stamp tax to obtain a license for her gardener. The Vote, the press organ of the WFL gave constant coverage of the conflict over the next two years. After several months, a warrant was issued for <mask>'s arrest and she barricaded herself in her home.Refusing to pay taxes without having the ability to vote for her representation, after eight months, the barricade was broken and some of her property was seized in lieu of payment of the tax. A year later, having built stronger barricades and still refusing to pay, bailiffs broke through using a battering ram. <mask> was arrested and taken to the Bromley Police Court in August 1913, where she was ordered to pay fines under the Insurance Act. She refused to pay and was sentenced to serve two months in Holloway Prison. She was the first person sentenced under the Insurance Act, though two other suffragists had been imprisoned for failure to pay taxes in previous years for such things as dog licenses, carriage duties and inhabitant taxes. Protests to her arrest, attended by both men and women, cited the inequity of her fines being much higher than those imposed upon men for the same offence. After serving only one month of her sentence, <mask> was released because of concerns for her health.In November, authorities attempted to auction her belongings to pay her fines, but were forced to close the sale when no bids were made. She was awarded a medal from suffragists depicting the entry of Holloway Prison. During the war, most suffragists suspended the campaign for enfranchisement, but <mask> and Despard, continued to press for reform and were ardent pacifists, speaking against war. The pair attended the Seventh Conference of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Budapest and were interested in promoting the international feminist movement. Both were also involved in the Theosophy movement, believing that moral and spiritual development of the individual would result in societal change. <mask> was described as "intensely pious" and conducted religious instruction for the children in her care in a chapel she built in her home. In 1916, <mask> and Despard bought a large house together, along with two cottages and a wood shed on twelve acres of land in Upper Hartfield at the edge of the Ashdown Forest.Naming the facility "Kurundai", they created a thirty-one-bed hospital for women and children. Though initially Despard paid expenses for some of the hospital patients, in 1917, the Theosophical Society became involved and the home was renamed as the Brackenhill Theosophical Home School. It housed children from broken homes, illegitimate children, as well as those who were sick or disabled and was directed by <mask>. In 1920, the Theosophical Society withdrew their support and moved the Theosophical Home School to the Old Rectory in Letchworth but <mask> continued operating the facility at Kurundai. In 1921, <mask> and Despard split up after nine years together when Despard moved to Ireland. <mask> maintained sole ownership of the facility, but between 1923 and 1928 it was operated by the Invalid Children's Aid Association as a convalescent center for children who had rheumatic diseases and she moved to a house near the facility known as "Wroth Tyes". In 1928, <mask> took over management again and converted Kurundai to a boarding school, which she called Brackenhill Open Air Home School.An open-air, facility, she focused on vegetarianism and physical exercise, providing the children with a "natural" life where they slept in the open air in shuttered shelters. The sides of the roofed dwellings only were shuttered in extremely poor weather. She continued to live at Wroth Tyes with the headmistress of the school, Helen Smith. The two women operated the school until the advent of the Second World War, when the government repurposed the estate for the war effort. Death and legacy
<mask> died at Wroth Tyes, in Hartfield, East Sussex, England on 29 April 1946 and left the Brackenhill property to Smith. In 2005, <mask>'s suffragette medal was auctioned by Bonhams bringing £840 and renewed interest in the suffragette. Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

1870 births
1946 deaths
People from Peckham
British suffragists
Deaf people from England
English tax resisters
British social workers
People from Bromley
People from Hartfield

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Kate Harvey
Frank Harvey
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<mask> (born 1967) is a Malaysian-born and Canadian conceptual artist based in Vancouver. Her works incorporate the artistic styles of neo-conceptual art, minimalism, and environmental art, and is concerned with the significance of everyday actions, familiar objects and common places. <mask> is an independent curator and partner in the independent record label weewerk. She also used to be an Assistant Curator of Contemporary Art at the National Gallery of Canada. Her exhibition history includes the BALTIC Centre (Newcastle), De Appel (Amsterdam), Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong), Frankfurter Kunstverein, Bloomberg SPACE (London), The Power Plant (Toronto), Seoul Museum of Art, Artspace (Sydney), The British Museum (London), the Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), Plug In ICA (Winnipeg), Art Gallery of Ontario (Toronto), and the Liverpool, Sydney and Montréal biennials. Early life and education
<mask> was born in George Town, Malaysia. She emigrated to Canada with her family at the age of two and was raised in Armstrong, British Columbia.Koh received her Bachelor of Fine Arts in Studio in 1989 and Theory and History of Art in 1990 at the University of Ottawa. She later obtained a Master of Fine Arts in 1993 from Hunter College in New York. Art career
Koh's work draws the use of everyday objects and familiar concepts in order to examine how people interact with those they encounter while moving through the world. For example, her piece "Call", is an old telephone in a public space. When the phone is picked up it randomly dials a number of a participant that has agreed to have conversations with strangers at any time of the day. There isn't a typical "Germaine Koh" piece - she utilizes many different materials for every piece she creates, yet each piece encompasses an ideology, perhaps best said by Koh herself in a Rhizome.org interview:

Artistic styles and works

Koh’s work encompasses the artistic styles of conceptual art, environmental art, and minimalism. In an on-going work titled Knitwork (1992-present), Koh unravels used garments and re-knits the materials into one larger and constantly evolving object.This piece demonstrates characteristics of environmental art through Koh’s use of recycled materials and the ways in which she turns used and discarded items into a working piece of art. In a similar artwork called Lumber (1991-1994, dispersed 2002), Koh makes use of flexible pieces of recuperated lumber glazed with oil and marine varnish to be installed alongside select architecture. Various projects by Koh are also collaborative or rely on the active participation of its audiences. One example of such works include an art gallery titled “ad hoc gallery” which was put on display in collaboration with Geoffrey Brown from 1993-1994. An example of one which incorporates its participants into the art piece itself is League, which began in 2012 and is categorized as a “participatory project.” Koh describes League as “an open group of people who gather regularly to play sports and games invented or conceived by members of the community… The project is founded in a belief in the value of emergent behaviour and the process of making sense of things.” Koh emphasizes games, sport, and play as forms of problem-solving which focus on the mental over the physical and the processes of learning, adapting, and evolution through iteration as central to the overall concept of the project. Koh combines both making use of discarded or found items and active participation in a project called Sightings (1992-1998), which involved the commercial printing and publishing of images found in public as postcards. These postcards closely interacted with the individuals they reached, drawing emphasis on the ideas of making art out of common everyday objects and experiences as well as recognizing the uniqueness of common places.Other projects
In addition to her artistic work, Koh is co-founder of the Toronto-based record label and artist-management company Weewerk. She is also an athlete. Koh played varsity volleyball and badminton at the University of Ottawa and is a former captain of roller derby team the Terminal City All-Stars. Her interest in the relationship between creativity and athleticism resulted in the creation of The Koh-Verchere Award for Athletic and Creative Excellence, an Emily Carr University of Art and Design student award, and the establishment of Vancouver's League. Koh was part of the design team for the No. 2 Road North Drainage Pump Station in Richmond B.C., which was awarded the Public Works Association of British Columbia 2018 Project of the Year award. In 2018, Koh became the first artist-in-residence in the City of Vancouver engineering department.Solo Exhibitions

Crowd Shyness, Morris and Helen Belkin Gallery, Vancouver, July 17 – August 16, 2020
Home Made Home, Evergreen Cultural Centre, September 14 - November 4, 2018
Home Made Home, Richmond Art Gallery, June 17 - August 26, 2018, Curated by Nan Caponga. Home Made Home, Kelowna Art Gallery, Kelowna BC, Curator: Liz Wylie. Angel Row Gallery, Knitwork, Sep-Nov 2005. PDF
Germaine Koh: Shell, Para/Site Art Space, Hong Kong, 2004
Germaine Koh: Opening Hours, McMaster Museum of Art, Hamilton, ON, 2002. <mask> <mask>, Catriona Jeffries Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Apr-Jun 2002. Knitwork, The British Museum, London, UK, Feb-Apr 2002. Performance/installation related to conference "From Material Things: art and artefact in the 21st century".Curator: James Putnam & Gabriela Salgado. <mask> <mask>: Around/About, Contemporary Art Gallery,  Germaine Koh, Vancouver, BC, May-Jul 2001. Curator: Keith Wallace. Solo Exhibition,  Watch, Toronto, ON, 5-7 Feb 2001. Curator: Barr Gilmore. Southern Alberta Art Gallery, Germaine Koh: Knitwork, 1997. Knitwork, 1996.Knitwork, 1995. Knitwork/Tricot-âge, Sep-Nov 1993. Group exhibitions

Soundings: An Exhibition in Five Parts, Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, September 8 - December 6, 2020. City of Vancouver Engineering Artist in Residence, 2018-2020. Split Between the I and the Gaze, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, August 24 - December 1, 2019. Public Volumes. Small Arms Inspection Building, Mississauga, 2019.Curator: Noa Bronstein. Kuenstlerhaus Palais Thurn & Taxis, Silvrett Atelier Montafon 2018. Bregenz AT, 2019. Afterlives, Or Gallery, November 25, 2017- February 3, 2018
 Persistence, Vancouver Art Gallery, June 24, 2017- October 1, 2017
This is it with it as it is, group exhibition at AHVA Gallery, November 23, 2016- January 14, 2017
(im)mobile exhibition, Haus für Kunst Uri, March 5 - May 15, 2016
(im)mobile, two-person show with Edith Flückiger, Dalhousie Art Gallery, Curator: Mireille Bourgeois & Chantal Molleur October 17- November 30, 2014
Les matins infidèles: l'art du protocole, Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec, Curator: Bernard Larmarche November 2013- September 2014
Scotiabank Nuit Blanche" one A: 'Restaging the Encounter''', Curator: Candice Hopkins, City of Toronto, October 5, 2013There/Here: Germain Koh and Gordon Hicks, Surrey Art Gallery, Surrey, BC, 2011. Participants: with Gordon Hicks. Curator: Jordan Strom.Sorting Daemons: Art, Surveillance Regimes & Social Control, Agnes Etherington Art Centre, Kingston, ON, Jan-Apr 2010. Participants: with Ian Verchere.Curator: Jan Allen & Sarah E.K. Smith.Luminato Festival of Arts + Creativity,  Luminato Festival 2009, Toronto, ON, Jun 2009.How Soon Is Now, Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Feb-May 2009. Curator: Kathleen Ritter. Here Now or Nowhere, Prairie Art Gallery, Grande Prairie, AB, Jan 2009. Art in public places. Curator: Micah Lexier.Schematic: New Media Art from Canada, [space], London, UK, Nov-Dec 2008. Curator: Michelle Kasprzak, Gillian McIver & Heather Corcoran.All Together Now: Recent Toronto Art, Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, ON, Nov 2008-Spring 2009.Installation of works from the permanent collection. Curator: Michelle JacqueUntethered, eyebeam, New York, Sep-Oct 2008. Curator: Sarah CookThis Particular Day of June, Or Gallery, Vancouver, BC, May-Jun 2008. Curator: Jonathan Middleton. On Being An Exhibition, Artists Space , New York, Oct-Dec 2007. Curator: Joseph del PescoIngenuity Festival,  Ingenuity Festival 2007, Cleveland, OH, 2007. Curator: Steve Dietz
f.city, Folly, Lancaster, UK, Sep-Oct 2006.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Mackenzie Art Gallery, Regina, SK, Jul-Sep 2006.Territory, Artspeak and Presentation House Gallery, Vancouver, BC, Jun-Aug 2006.Curator: Melanie O'Brian & Helga Pakasaar.Temporary Import / Vorübergehende Einfuhr, Art Forum Berlin, Berlin, Sep 2005.Curator: Susanne Titz.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Museum of Contemporary Canadian Art, Toronto, ON, Sep-Nov 20052004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Art Gallery of Greater Victoria, Victoria, BC, Jul-Aug 2005. L'envers des apparences, Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Summer 2005. Curator: Gilles Godmer.2004 Sobey Art Award Exhibition, Yukon Arts Centre, Whitehorse, YK, Mar-May 2005. 2004 Sobey Art Award, Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, Exhibition, Halifax, NS, Oct-Dec 2004.Sense, Edmonton Art Gallery (now Art Gallery of Alberta),  Edmonton, AB, Sep-Nov 2004. Curator: Catherine Crowston.Entre ciel et terre - Biennale nationale de sculpture contemporaine 2004, Galerie d'Art du Parc, Trois-Rivières, QC, Jun-Aug 2004. Curator: Gaston St-Pierre. Personal life
Koh has 25 years of leadership with non-profit organizations.She has been coaching roller derby since 2010. In 2015, Koh established the program for a new competitive team, the Terminal City B-Sides. She was the Chef de Mission of Team Canada Roller Derby from 2017-2018, where she was responsible for the team's strategic vision and organizational development. Koh has a multi-sport background which includes five years of experience playing for the varsity badminton team at the University of Ottawa. She also played roller derby for five years under the derby name "PLAYER 1" before captaining the Terminal City All-Stars. Legacy and influence
The project by Koh and Geoffrey Brown titled “ad hoc gallery” received a review from Gunter Nolte, Visual Arts Department Head at University of Ottawa, as he comments “They are making an enormous contribution to the community art scene. They are so committed they finance the gallery from their own jobs.” An aspect of the City of Vancouver’s engineering art residence is bringing the community together to determine what they would like to see happen for buildings, pipes, public spaces, and also demolitions.An example of this would be the “sewer time capsule” which was created on July 13th, 2019. This brought together members of the community to paint on a pipe that was then used as sewer upgrades in the area which would stay in use for the next hundred years. Koh herself said “The community can always feel like they had a little part to play in the infrastructure that lies below their street, and it’s a concrete connection with sewer works that also serves to demystify infrastructure.”

 Awards
In 2004, Koh was a finalist for the Sobey Art Award and in 2010 she won a VIVA Award in recognition of her outstanding achievement as a mid-career artist in British Columbia. Publications Germaine <mask> (2001), <mask> <mask> and Keith Wallace, Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver, BC). Germaine Koh/Stall (2004), Germaine Koh, Para/Site Art Space (Hong Kong).Overflow: <mask> <mask> (2007), Germaine <mask>, Centre A - Vancouver International Centre for Contemporary Asian Art (Vancouver, BC). Opening hours: Germaine <mask>'' (2002) Steven Reinke and Rosemary Heather, McMaster Museum of Art (Hamilton). References

Further reading

External links

Canadian conceptual artists
Women conceptual artists
1967 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian women artists

masks:
Germaine Koh
Koh
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Germaine
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Germaine
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<mask> (1880-1936) was a Spanish Catholic militant, theorist of society and politician; the Catholic Church declared him a martyr and a candidate for sainthood. He was locally known in the provinces of Zamora and Toledo for his activity in education, charity and agrarian syndicalism. His key work, Principios de Orientación Social, made some moderate impact among Spanish Catholic intellectuals of the mid-1930s. Politically he evolved from centre-left to extreme right: initially <mask> supported the Romanonista dynastic Liberalism, then he turned towards accidentalist Acción Católica, and finally he joined Carlism. His career climaxed in the mid-1930s; since 1934 he headed the provincial Carlist structures in Toledo and in 1936 he served as a Carlist deputy to the Cortes. Family and youth

Since early modern era the noble family of Requejo has been related to the region of León, though for centuries none of its representatives distinguished himself in the history of Spain. Things changed in the mid-19th century, when one branch of the Requejos turned into a Liberal “oligarquía dominante” in the province of Zamora and <mask> was – apart from being key taxpayer in the province – the chief Sagastino in Zamora.It is not clear how they were related to the ascendants of Jesús, yet it is confirmed that both branches remained in contact. The father of Jesús, Víctor <mask> Rodríguez, belonged to the middle class and served as a court clerk in the town of Puebla de Sanabria. He married Josefa <mask>án <mask> Román; none of the sources consulted provides any closer information on her family, though many San Románs held various petty official positions in the county and were also of Liberal political preferences. The couple lived in the village of Castro de Sanabria; they had 4 children, all of them boys: Antonio, José, Herminio and Jesús. According to some authors Jesús was the youngest one, other sources suggest otherwise. <mask> spent his early childhood of the 1880s in Castro de Sanabria. From a very young age he demonstrated religious zeal and intended to become a priest.At unspecified time he entered the local seminary in Puebla de Sanabria and then moved to another one in Astorga, where he was recorded in 1895 and 1897. He followed the courses of Humanidades, Filosofía and Teología and was reported as an excellent student. One year prior to completing the curriculum he resigned from ecclesiastic career. Eventually he obtained bachillerato with the Jesuits in Cáceres in 1900. He then enrolled at law in Valladolid and majored in 1903. Requejo continued his academic career studying derecho administrativo in Salamanca. In 1906 he obtained doctorado thanks to Repudio en Roma.Religión y Derecho Unidos, a dissertation rewarded with high grades by the jury and published afterwards. In 1906 <mask> married his cousin on the maternal side, Antonia <mask> <mask> (1889-1977). A girl from Puebla de Sanabria, she was daughter to a local tax collector, <mask> <mask> Moran. The couple settled in Puebla; it is not clear how initially they made a living, yet at least since 1908 Jesús has been noted in the press as the local Sanabrian abogado, acting as attorney at the turn of the 1900s and 1910s. <mask> and Antonia had one child, <mask> <mask> (1907-1936); he graduated in law in Madrid and was preparing to pass the notary exams when soon after outbreak of the civil war he was detained and executed with his father. None of Jesús’ siblings and further relatives became a public figure; his brother Antonio was an entrepreneur, José served as fiscal and Herminio grew to high post official in mid-Francoism. Restoration

The <mask> family was of Liberal ideas and the young <mask> initially adhered to the same political current.In the early 20th century he commenced collaboration with Heraldo de Zamora, the key liberal newspaper in the province. His first contributions identified come from 1903 and are related to electoral campaigns of Fabriciano Cid, local cacique of liberal monarchist left; following the death of Sagasta, the Requejo father and son declared themselves supporters of conde de Romanones. In the mid-1900s <mask> <mask> acted as sort of a local Sanabrian correspondent of Heraldo. His political ideas were somewhat heterodox. On the one hand, reportedly due to interest in social justice raised by the Jesuits, he lamented underprivileged position of the workers, on the 1st of May encouraged them that “querer es poder” and claimed that “their day will come”. On the other, in 1907 he formed part of Comité Conservador in the town. In 1908 he was already recognized locally, and during town feasts he spoke right after the mayor, delivering grandiloquent lectures on historical traditions of the town.In 1909 <mask> was elected to the ayuntamiento of Puebla and proved a fairly active councillor. The same year he entered the Cuerpo de Aspirantes al Notariado and indeed soon became a notary. In 1912 – still serving as a local attorney – he passed exams to become a property registrar. In August he was posted to Bande (Orense province), but he agreed a swoop and in October 1912 he was reassigned to his native Puebla de Sanabria. Due to new duties he resigned from the town hall. In 1913 he was officially admitted to “claustro de doctores” at the University of Salamanca and since then he appeared as “doctor en derecho”. In the mid-1910s he already acted as member of the jury which examined applicants for academic teaching positions and took part in nationwide semi-scientific congresses.In the late 1910s and early 1920s <mask> remained related to the liberalismo dinástico faction, active in the network of Romanonistas like Antonio Rodríguez Cid, <mask> Bonifaz, Fernando López Monis or Ismael Calvo Madroño. Apart from his registrador and attorney jobs he was increasingly engaged in social initiatives. In 1915 he co-founded Sindicato Agrícola Católico Sanabrés and engaged in Federación Agraria Católica of Zamora. In 1916 he worked to ensure cheap credit by co-founding a local Banco Agrícola and started to discuss agrarian policy in specialized Madrid periodicals. In 1917 he raised support for Liberal educational initiatives; in 1918 he briefly served in Madrid as “secretario particular de la subsecretaria”; he worked on a public education project, sponsored by López Monis. In Puebla Requejo founded a dormitory for the poor and tried to set up a secondary school; in 1920 he donated 5,000 ptas for a future educational institution in the town and funded grants for aspiring young teenagers from poor families. In the early 1920s he was a well-recognized county personality, active in numerous bodies and assuming prestigious roles during local events.Dictatorship

As a property registrar in 1924 <mask> was reassigned to the town of Madridejos (Toledo province); at the time he was already an expert in real estate law and occasionally published in scientific periodicals. In Madridejos he resumed his trademark activities: charity and education. He donated money to various projects supposed to help the poor, funded scholarship grants for children and co-ordinated campaigns contributing to local culture. Banking on the 1926 secondary educational reform of Eduardo Callejo, <mask> launched the project of setting up a college in Madridejos and remained its moving spirit; the initiative was crowned with success in 1928, when Instituto Elemental de Madridejos became the second institute offering bachillerato education in the province. Though <mask>'s public activity in Puebla de Sanabria was only moderately marked by Catholic flavor, in Madridejos it was increasingly formatted along religious lines. He paid for sacerdotal education of a number of seminarians from Madridejos, and some – including teenagers of African origin - indeed would later become priests. The couple engaged in Conferencia de San Vicente de Paúl and apart from various minor projects worked to set up a college for girls intending to enter religious orders.He donated royalties from Tierra Santa y Roma (1927), a book which provided account of his voyages, to Obra Pontificia de San Pedro Apóstol. In 1930 together with his wife they became godparents of José Luis Martin Descalzo, a local boy who would later gain name nationwide as a writer, publisher and priest. His zeal assumed a militant tone when he focused apostolic and missionary activities on the nearby town of Camuñas, a Manchegan centre of Protestantism known as “Spanish Geneva”; Requejo worked with the local parish to contain and possibly reduce its Protestant influence. In 1930 he was vice-president of a committee to erect monument to the Heart of Jesus in Toledo and took part in Congreso Mariano in Madrid. In the late 1920s Requejo gained in Madridejos the prestige he used to enjoy in Puebla de Sanabria, appreciated as a person who believed that education brings progress and the one who did his best to help the community he lived in. Due to his activities he gradually came to be known as the local “paladín de la cultura”. However, none of the sources consulted confirms <mask> he wholeheartedly engaged in Acción Católica; not only he attended its first National Congress of 1930 but remained on close terms with Herrera Oría and with cardenal Segura. Moreover, he prepared Notas para un ensayo de reorganización de la Acción Católica Española, a pamphlet which recommended new organisation of AC and in a competent, somewhat technocratic style dwelled on suggested main threads of its activity. Engagement in central AC structures soon became sort of his second job, especially that in the early 1930s <mask> was living partially in Madridejos and partially in Madrid. Republic

It is not clear whether Requejo cheered or regretted the fall of the monarchy; his earlier publications, public addresses or engagement in Acción Católica suggest rather some sort of accidentalism. In 1931 he remained active in Cruz Roja and Federación de Amigos de Enseñanza, both perfectly compatible with liberal spirit of the early Republic. In 1932, however, he started to oppose the official policy; as vice-president of Confederación de Padres de Familia he protested forced secularization of schools and voiced in favor of parents rising children the way they liked. As acting president of Asociación de Familias y Amigos de Religiosos he spoke in defense of conventual property, targeted by new religious legislation; in the press <mask> published a series of related articles, calling for “oración, propaganda, cooperación económica”.He also engaged in Catholic agrarian sindicates. In 1932 <mask> published El Cardenal Segura, the first biography of the primate; prologued by Ramiro de Maeztu, the 215-page work assumed a decisively hagiographic tone. It was welcome by the Catholic press and proved a market success, with re-run issued shortly. Moreover, given Segura had been expelled from Spain by the new Republican authorities, the book sounded like <mask>'s political declaration. Confirmation of his new militant line came with publication of Las fuerzas secretas de la revolución (1932), <mask>'s translation from Léon de Poncins, and with his own De la Revolución española. Los Jesuitas (1932), prologued by Herrera Oria; both pamphlets denounced militantly secular policy as driven by anti-Church conspiracy and declared expulsion of religious orders, especially Jesuits, part of this plot. His cultural campaign climaxed in Principios de Orientación Social (1933), a collection of essays on state, church, society, and individual rights.Called “catecismo social Cristiano”, by Catholic press the book was applauded as a treaty on Christianity in modern world. A number of minor works followed. <mask> turned even further Right and in the early 1930s he approached Carlism. In January 1934 he was nominated head of Comunión Tradicionalista in the province of Toledo and engaged in some Traditionalist initiatives. He published an article which declared democracy and parliamentarism on the brink of death; noting that some countries had already done away with it, he claimed that Spain would soon follow suit and replace unworkable, individualistic universal suffrage with organic democracy. In 1935 the Carlist political leader Manuel Fal Conde nominated <mask> to Junta de Hacienda, a central body supposed to manage economic issues of CT. During the 1936 electoral campaign <mask> as a Traditionalist candidate joined local right-wing alliance named Bloque Antirevolucionario and was comfortably elected. In the Cortes he entered commissions of Budget, Justice and Public Education, but he took to the floor also during plenary sessions.<mask> championed Catholic rights to publicly profess their faith and protested Popular Front designs against religious orders and conventual education; he was last recorded speaking on July 8. Some scholars claim that parliamentary clashes with left-wing personalities gained attention of the press, which would ultimately seal his fate. Martyrdom

It is not clear whether <mask> took part in Carlist conspiracy against the Republic; some sources maintain he participated in the plot, but a RAH historian claims otherwise. On July 18 <mask> was with his wife and son in Madridejos, reportedly preparing to travel to Puebla de Sanabria to commence summer holidays. According to some accounts <mask> could have easily gone into hiding or escaped abroad, but as he considered himself a just man who harmed no-one and worked for common good he saw no reason to flee and declined a related offer. However, in late July both <mask> and his son were detained by local militia and placed in a Franciscan convent, turned into a makeshift prison. For some 3 weeks his wife was permitted to bring them food; some authors claim they were beaten and tortured.In mid-August the Requejos were extracted from prison and transported towards Toledo, but their journey ended in Los Yébenes. First they were tied to a noria wheel, operating in the Algodor river; then they had their hands cut off. While being shot the Requejos cried "¡Viva Cristo Rey!" They were buried in a common grave. Following the Nationalist triumph in the Civil War <mask> and his son were referred to in the Francoist press as martyrs for God and the Fatherland, but their names soon went into oblivion. None of the sources consulted clarifies whether individuals responsible for <mask>'s death have been identified. The widow re-buried her husband and son in the Madridejos church; she donated substantial sums to set up a seminary in the town, but the plan has ultimately ended in failure.The Instituto that Requejo helped to set up developed into Instituto Garcilaso de la Vega and provides education until today. A school for girls that Requejo tried to launch materialized thanks to donations of Fundación Pérez-Moreno and works as Colegio Amor de Dios de Madridejos, operated by Hermanas del Amor de Dios. In the early 21st century the Toledo archbishopric office started to collect data which might lead towards canonization of Catholics killed in the diocese during the Civil War; both <mask> <mask> and <mask> were among these investigated. The so-called Causa Toletana case, which covers 464 names, was brought formally before the Vatican Congregation for the Causes of Saints, which in 2003 declared all these listed – including the Requejos – Servants of God. The step, which acknowledged their martyrdom, formally commenced the canonization process; it is still ongoing. Local press in Zamora few times mentioned Requejo as a would-be saint. Requejo gained no major monograph; so far he was dedicated 3 smaller pieces.There is plaza commemorating him in Madridejos. A cross erected in 1956 to commemorate these executed near Los Yébenes still stands by the CM-4205 road. Another cross stands in the centre of the town; it used to commemorate 180 victims of Republican terror in Los Yébenes, but in 2017 the plaque was changed and now it records “all fallen during the Civil War”. See also
 Carlism
 Traditionalism (Spain)

Footnotes

Further reading

 Jorge López Teulón, Al servicio de la Santa Madre Iglesia. <mask> <mask> de Madridejos, [in:] Jorge López Teulón, "Que no tiemble vuestro corazón". Llamados a la santidad, Toledo 2013, , pp. 190–197
 <mask> Juan, <mask> Requejo <mask> Román, un registrador en el santorial, [in:] Registradores de España 53 (2009), pp.82–87
 María Julia Rodríguez de Diego Zamorano, <mask> <mask> <mask> Román – “alma de esta empresa”, [in:] Cuadernos de Historia y Cultura Popular 2 (2014), pp. 135–143

External links
 Requejo at the official Cortes service
 Requejo at the 464Martires service
 cross commemorating Requejo and other victims executed by the Algodor river

Politicians from Castile and León
Carlists
Education activists
Executed writers
Executed Spanish people
Extrajudicial killings
Far-right politicians in Spain
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Members of the Cortes Españolas
Notaries
People from Zamora, Spain
People killed by the Second Spanish Republic
Red Cross personnel
Roman Catholic activists
Spanish anti-communists
Spanish casualties of the Spanish Civil War
20th-century Spanish lawyers
Spanish monarchists
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish philanthropists
Spanish political philosophers
Spanish political writers
Spanish publishers (people)
Spanish reporters and correspondents
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish torturees
Spanish victims of crime
National syndicalists
University of Salamanca alumni
University of Valladolid alumni

masks:
Jesús Requejo San Román
Requejo
Miguel Requejo Linares
Requejo
San Rom
San
Jesús
Requejo
San Rán
San Rán
Manuel San
Román
Jesús
Antonio Requejo
San Román
Requejo
Jesús
Jesús
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Santiago Alba
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejorimo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Requejo
Jesús
Requejo
Antonio Requejo
Jesús
Requejo
Enrique San
Jesús
San
Jesús
Requejo
San


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<mask> (or Saïgh; 10 April 1878, in Aleppo, Syria – 5 November 1967, in Beirut, Lebanon) was Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, and Alexandria and Jerusalem of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1947 until his death in 1967. One of the fathers of Second Vatican Council, the outspoken patriarch stirred the Council by urging reconciliation between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He accepted the title of cardinal in 1965 after Pope Paul VI clarified the significance of that title in the case of an Eastern Patriarch. Life

<mask> was born on 10 April 1878 in Aleppo. He was ordained a priest on 17 September 1905. On 30 August 1919 he was appointed archbishop of Tyre, Lebanon and consecrated eparch by patriarch Demetrius I Qadi. His co-consecrators were Ignatius Homsi, titular bishop of Tarsus dei Greco-Melchiti and Flavien Khoury, Archeparch of Homs On 30 August 1933 he was named Archeparch of Beirut and Byblos.The Synod of Bishops of the Melkite Church elected Maximos Patriarch of Antioch on 30 October 1947, succeeding the recently deceased Cyril IX Moghabghab. His confirmation by the Holy See was on 21 June 1948. Following an old tradition of the more-than-900-year-old Order of Knighthood, founded in Jerusalem to take care of lepers in the Hospital St. Lazare, he was the Spiritual Protector of the international ecumenical Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. Participation in Second Vatican Council

Patriarch <mask> IV took part in the Second Vatican Council. There he championed the Eastern tradition of Christianity and won a great deal of respect from Eastern Orthodox observers at the council and the approbation of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Athenagoras I. As a participant in Vatican II, Patriarch <mask> spoke forcefully against the latinization of the Eastern Catholic churches, and urged a greater receptivity to the eastern Christian traditions, especially in the area of ecclesiology. He stated that
We have, therefore, a twofold mission to accomplish within the Catholic Church.We must fight to ensure that Latinism and Catholicism are not synonymous, that Catholicism remains open to every culture, every spirit, and every form of organization compatible with the unity of faith and love. At the same time, by our example, we must enable the Orthodox Church to recognize that a union with the great Church of the West, with the See of Peter, can be achieved without being compelled to give up Orthodoxy or any of the spiritual treasures of the apostolic and patristic East, which is opened toward the future no less to the past. Also at Vatican II, Patriarch <mask> successfully advocated use of vernacular languages for liturgical services, noting that:

Christ offered the first Eucharistic Sacrifice in a language which could be understood by all who heard him, namely, Aramaic. … Never could the idea have come to them [the Apostles] that in a Christian gathering the celebrant should read the texts of Holy Scripture, sing psalms, preach or break bread, and at the same time use a language different from that of the community gathered there … because this language [Latin] was spoken by the faithful of that time, Greek was abandoned in favor of Latin. … Why, then, should the Roman Church cease to apply the same principle today? Speaking at the Council on the matter of indulgences, he noted that "the practice of indulgences too often favors in the faithful a sort of pious bookkeeping in which one forgets what is essential, namely, the sacred and personal effort of penance". Cardinal
Patriarch <mask> IV accepted the title of cardinal in February 1965.Previously he had refused three times the honor on the grounds that "for a Patriarch to accept a cardinalate is treason". Patriarch <mask> <mask>'s objections were rooted in history and ecclesiology: he argued that the Patriarchs of the Eastern Churches were heads of their respective churches and successors to their respective apostolic sees only subordinate to the Roman Pontiff but were not subordinate to the cardinals whose position was that of being members of the principal clergy of the diocese of Rome. Patriarch <mask> IV also argued that the rank of patriarch being only subordinate to the pope had been repeatedly confirmed by past ecumenical councils and never explicitly revoked by any pope. As such it would be inappropriate for him or other Eastern Catholic Patriarchs to accept the rank of cardinal which implied being made a titular member of the Latin Church with a subordinate clerical rank as opposed to their being leaders of their respective churches and successors to their respective apostolic sees united under the leadership of the Supreme Pontiff. On 11 February 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed that Eastern Patriarchs who are elevated to the College of Cardinals would belong to the order of cardinal-bishops, ranked after the suburbicarian cardinal-bishops; that they would not be part of the Roman clergy and would not be assigned any Roman suburbicarian diocese, church or deaconry; that their sees as cardinals would be their patriarchal see. Pope Paul VI's decree satisfied many of the concerns of Patriarch <mask> and he accepted his elevation to the rank of cardinal. He was created cardinal-bishop patriarch in the consistory of 22 February 1965 and received the red biretta on 25 February 1965.The patriarch's acceptance was protested by Elias Zoghby, the Patriarchal Vicar for the See of Alexandria, Cairo and the Sudan. The vicar opposed the acceptance of the status of a Roman cardinal by the Melkite patriarch, on the grounds that "the leader of an Eastern Catholic church should not hold a subordinate Latin-rite office" and in protest of Patriarch <mask>' acceptance Zoghby resigned as vicar. The patriarch gave a speech on 14 March 1965, clarifying his reasons for accepting and how the Pope Paul's decree altered the nature of the College of Cardinals: it was no longer just an institution within the Latin Church but was now the senate of the entire Catholic Church and an Eastern Catholic Patriarch who became a cardinal was no longer accepting a subordinate position in the clergy of the Latin church. It was now a way for the Pope to extend to the Eastern Patriarchs an additional role in helping him govern the universal church. On 22 November 1965, he was assigned the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin for religious celebrations while he was in Rome. He was not assigned the Roman deaconry title associated with the church as he would have been were he not an Eastern Patriarch. The title of cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin was retained by Cardinal Francesco Roberti, who held the titular church from 15 December 1958 until 26 June 1967.In October 1966 he received medical treatment at the Curie foundation in Paris for a tumor on his left eyelid. His health deteriorated upon his return to Damascus, and on 8 October 1967 <mask> traveled to Beirut for further cancer treatment. He died on 5 November 1967 in Beirut at the age of 89. He was succeeded by <mask> V Hakim. See also
 Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East
 Melkite Greek Catholic Church
 Patriarch of Antioch
 <mask> V Hakim, Patriarch
 Gregory III Laham, late Patriarch

Notes

Specific references

General references

External links
 Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem
 L'Église Melkite/The Melkite Church. Melkite Catholic Web Ring. Official Website of the Melkite Church in the US.Melkite Ambassadors Young Adult Website. gcatholic.org

1878 births
1967 deaths
Syrian cardinals
Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from Aleppo
Syrian Melkite Greek Catholics
Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI
Eastern Catholic bishops in Syria

masks:
Maximos IV Sayegh
Massimo Sayegh
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
IV
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos
Maximos


texts:
<mask>, generally called <mask>, (1861-1944) was a German physician, a member of the Bromberg city council, a senator of the Republic of Poland and a prominent social activist in the first half of the 20th century in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. Biography

Prussian Period
The Dietz ancestors were German colonists who established in the city after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The family branch in Bydgoszcz relates also to <mask> (1840-1901), a Prussian rentier, member of the Bromberg city council, member of the Prussian parliament and a prominent philanthropist. <mask> was born on November 13, 1861 in Poznań. He was the son of <mask>, a restaurateur in Bromberg at 12 Schloss Straße (today's Grodzka Street). After graduating from medical studies in the 1890s, he opened a private medical practice at 17 Linden straße (today's Lipowa street) and at the same time started working in a railway outpatient clinic. Within ten years, Dietz made himself known as one of the best medicine specialists in town.<mask> married Sophie Welle, the widow of a wealthy mill owner. Thanks to her money, he could achieved financial independence and was quickly considered one of the richest citizens of Bromberg. As such, in 1904, he was able to buy an automobile for his private use, a real novelty in the city at the time. While he gave up his tiring activity at the clinic for railwaymen, he moved his private practice downtown at 88-90 Gdańska Street and set up as well a small sanatorium in the suburban village of Rynkowo (now a district of Bydgoszcz). At the time of the German Empire (1871-1918), <mask> was very active in politics. He was a city councilor and vice-chairman of the City Council. After World War I, he became involved in activities to keep Bydgoszcz within German territory: he was then one of the most energetic activists in the city.However, <mask> had never shown any anti-Polish behaviour and never attacked verbally (let alone physically) the Polish minority of Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. Interwar period
Though the signature of the Treaty of Versailles endorsed the return of Bydgoszcz to the re-born Polish nation, <mask> decided to stay in the city. On January 19, 1920, he sided with Hugo Wolff, the German mayor, to take part in the ceremony handing over the municipal authority to Jan Maciaszek, the new city magistrate appointed by the Polish government. Although the transfer of power went smoothly, the atmosphere in the city was tense. In this situation, the new city council, afraid of riots, took the decision to preventively isolate some of the most active German leaders. Hence, the 60-year-old doctor <mask> wound up in Poznań citadel, jailed for three months. At his return, <mask> resumed his political activity in German minority organizations, defending its rights: he was being considered anew one of the leaders of the German citizens in Bydgoszcz.During the interwar period, he also gained a great respect among Poles, distinguishing himself by a favorable attitude towards them, whenever the tensions arose, with conflicts and disputes between both nationalities being a daily business. <mask> opposed at court another German, Maksymilian Neumann. The latter, living at Kosciuszko street, addressed sick Poles in his tenement whom the doctor visited as "[...] dogs to (let) die". After having been reported by neighbourgs, the case against H. <mask> was judged in the spring of 1939: Neumann was sentenced to six months in prison. World War II
During the Bydgoszcz Bloody Sunday episode which started on September 3, 1939, <mask> hid in the basement of his own tenement house. Discovered by Polish soldiers looking for saboteurs, he was protected from arrest thanks to the intervention of a Polish coachman who vouched for him: the 78-year-old man was left alone. A few days later the situation changed and the Germans started shooting the Poles, but <mask> intervened in their defence.He even had his neighbours, family of the industrialist Stanisław Rolbieski, murdered by the Nazi forces. Although he was regularly vocal in his critics upon Nazism, he was nevertheless received in 1941 by the German city authorities for a ceremony celebrating his 80th birthday. He died three years later, on February 21, 1944, and was buried in the Evangelical cemetery then located at Jagiellońska street: in 1945, the cemetery was closed and transferred to the Lutheran cemetery in Zaświat Street. In 2018, the Evangelical parish renovated most of the tombstones, including <mask>'s. Among his children, Herma <mask> (born in 1919) married Walter Sontheimer, a school headmaster. Their son, Prof. Dr. Günther-<mask> Sontheimer (1934-1992), was a scholar in indology. Social activities
During World War I, <mask> together with Elimar Schendell and other doctors organized nursing courses at the "Auguste-Viktoria-Heim" (today's Kuyavia Pomerania Cultural Centre at 6 Kościelecki Square), where young infants were coming not only from Bromberg city but also from other regions.Around 130 patients were cared for each year and the institution had set up there a clinic for young mothers. After his return from arrest in 1920, Dr. <mask> kept on working in his private practice at 123 Gdańska street. He also operated two shelters for the poors, the first at 54-57a Dworcowa Street and the second in Szwederowo district, at 5 Dąbrowskiego street. With such actions, he gained a good reputation among Poles: he helped the poor, healed them for free and often provided medicines. He was particularly well known among the new displaced citizens coming from the Eastern Borderlands. Even during the WWII years and despite his age (over 80), <mask> continued to help Poles in the way he used to do, something really uncommon in these perilious years. He took care of the sick until his last breath, traveling to his patients in a black carriage with a shed.See also

 Bydgoszcz
 Hermann's Dietz house
 Heinrich Dietz
 List of Polish people

References

Bibliography

Members of Bydgoszcz City Council
People from Bydgoszcz
1861 births
1944 deaths

masks:
Hermann Ernest Georg Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Heinrich Dietz
Hermann
Hermann Theodor Dietz
Hermann
Dietz
Hermann
Hermann Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Hermann
Dietz
Dietz
Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Hermann Dietz


texts:
Major General <mask>,  (1 May 1893 – 31 March 1970) was a senior Australian Army officer, public servant, right wing political activist and solicitor. He rose to the rank of temporary major general during the Second World War. Wootten earned the respect of his soldiers and superiors; General Douglas MacArthur described him as "the best soldier in the Australian Army who had it in him to reach the highest position". He was famous, in part, for his heavy build; he had given up smoking in 1930, and by 1941—even though he was 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) tall—he weighed 127 kg (20 st). Early life

<mask> was born on 1 May 1893 in Marrickville, Sydney, Australia. He was the seventh child of English, London-born migrant parents, <mask> (a carpenter and later a civil engineer) and <mask>, née Old. <mask> attended Fort Street Model School in Sydney.He entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1911, and graduated in August 1914 as a lieutenant. First World War
<mask>'s graduation coincided with the outbreak of the First World War. He was posted to the 1st Battalion, went ashore at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915, and was promoted to captain in May that year. He was a major by December. <mask> later served on the Western Front. He was Brigade Major with the 11th Brigade, then with the 9th Brigade (under Brigadier General Charles Rosenthal). <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in October 1917 for staff work.He was then appointed to the staff of the 5th Division. In October 1918, he was appointed to the staff of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. <mask> was mentioned in despatches four times. Following the end of hostilities, <mask> was sent to the Staff College, Camberley, England, in March 1919. Civilian life between the wars
<mask> married Muriel Frances Anna Bisgood, a nurse, at St Joseph's Catholic Church, Roehampton, London, on 3 January 1920. <mask> was posted back to Australia that same year. He resigned his commission in 1923, and moved back to London, where he worked as manager of a clothing factory.<mask> returned to New South Wales in 1926 and became an articled clerk at West Wyalong. He was also recruited by a secret, quasi-official militia organisation, the Old Guard, which had been formed in response to fears of a supposed communist revolutionary threat. <mask> was admitted as a solicitor in July 1930, by which time he had four children. In 1931 he became an organiser for the Old Guard in Sydney and after retiring from the army, was one of its handful of full-time staff. <mask> joined the Citizen Military Forces (CMF; the army reserve corps) and on 1 July 1937—as a lieutenant colonel—was appointed commander of the 21st Light Horse Regiment. Second World War
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, on 13 October 1939, <mask> was seconded to the Second Australian Imperial Force, and from 24 October 1939 until 9 February 1940 he commanded the 2/2nd Infantry Battalion. He then served as acting commander of the 16th Infantry Brigade until 20 May 1940.I Corps was attached to the British Middle East Command, and when an AIF Reinforcement Depot was set up in Palestine, in late 1940, <mask> was promoted to temporary brigadier and made its commander. <mask> was promoted to brigadier, and from 1 February 1941, he commanded the 18th Infantry Brigade (7th Division), on active service in the North African campaign, including the siege of Tobruk. Following the outbreak of war with Japan, the 7th Division returned to Australia and the 18th Brigade was part of the historic victory over Japanese forces at Milne Bay. This was followed by the fierce and costly fighting at Buna and Sanananda. On 15 March 1943, <mask> was promoted to temporary major general and became General Officer Commanding, 9th Australian Infantry Division. Between September that year and January 1944 he led the 9th Division in the Battle of Lae and the Huon Peninsula campaign. After a year of leave, consolidation, and re-training in Australia, the 9th took part in the Borneo campaign, including Operation Oboe Six, the amphibious landings at Brunei and Labuan.<mask>'s nephew, Driver Evans, was a prisoner of war in Borneo who took part in one of the Sandakan death marches, and was killed at Ranau. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, <mask> commanded the British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit, overseeing the recuperation and repatriation of Allied prisoners, surrendered Japanese personnel, and the transition back to civilian rule. <mask> returned to Sydney on 22 September, and transferred to the Reserve of Officers on 14 October. However, he was soon appointed to a military court of inquiry into Major General Gordon Bennett's departure from Singapore in 1942. In 1945–58, <mask> chaired the Repatriation Commission, in Melbourne. He commanded the 3rd Division (CMF), in 1947–50 and was the CMF member of the Military Board in 1948–50. After retiring from the commission in 1958, he returned to Sydney.<mask> died at the Repatriation General Hospital, Concord in 1970. He is buried beside his wife at the Macquarie Park (Northern Suburbs) Cemetery, Lane Cove, northern Sydney. Honours
In recognition of his wartime service, <mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and Companion of the Distinguished Service Order with Bar. He was also awarded the US Distinguished Service Cross and Mentioned in Despatches four times. He was elevated to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1958. A 1956 portrait of Wootten by Sir William Dargie is held at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra. Footnotes

References and external links

Wall, Don (no date, post-1993) Kill the Prisoners!Mona Vale, NSW, Australia: Don Wall
Australian War Memorial, "Honours and awards (gazetted) <mask> <mask> " <mask>, Sir <mask>, Major-General (1893–1970)" Access date: 19 April 2007. Australian World War Two Nominal Roll, "WOOTTEN, GEORGE FREDERICK" Access date: 19 April 2007.
ordersofbattle.com, "<mask> Wootten" Access date: 19 April 2007. |-

1893 births
1970 deaths
Australian activists
Australian Anglicans
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath
Australian generals
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian manufacturing businesspeople
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian military personnel of World War II
Australian people of English descent
Australian solicitors
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
People from Marrickville
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates
Secretaries of the Australian Government Veterans' Affairs Department

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George Wootten
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