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<mask> (born May 27, 1955) is an American entrepreneur, television producer, professional wrestling booker, podcast host, and on-screen personality. He is best known for serving as Executive Producer and later Senior Vice President of World Championship Wrestling (WCW) and subsequently, the on-screen General Manager of WWE's Raw brand. <mask> has also worked with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) where he served as Executive Producer of Impact Wrestling. With an amateur background in martial arts, <mask> also sporadically performed as an in-ring competitor, becoming a one-time WCW Hardcore Champion and headlining the 1998 Road Wild pay-per-view event, teaming with "Hollywood" Hulk Hogan against Diamond Dallas Page and Jay Leno. He wrote an autobiography, titled Controversy Creates Cash, which was released in 2006 under WWE Books. Professional wrestling career

American Wrestling Association (1986–1991)
<mask> started in wrestling working for the Minneapolis, Minnesota based American Wrestling Association (AWA) in 1986 under the ownership of Verne Gagne. In 1989, Bischoff would become an on-air interviewer and host of the AWA until the company folded in 1991.<mask> at first worked in the sales department on the AWA's syndicated programming, and became an on-air personality virtually by accident and at the last minute. Larry Nelson, whom at the time was employed by the AWA as an announcer, was arrested under suspicion of a DUI. Because of Nelson's sudden unavailability, Verne Gagne and his son, Greg opted to recruit <mask> (who initially had no desire to be in front of the camera) to fill-in on the interviews. <mask> believed they thought he would be a good replacement due to his immediate availability in the television studio, and the fact that he was already wearing a suit and tie. During the gradual demise of the AWA, the company was unable to meet payroll, and <mask> auditioned for an announcer's position with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1990, but was not hired. World Championship Wrestling (1991–2001)

Arrival and ascent to power (1991–1996)
In 1991, <mask> joined World Championship Wrestling (WCW) as a C-show announcer, debuting at The Great American Bash. As an  announcer, <mask> reported to producer Tony Schiavone and WCW's Vice President of Broadcasting, Jim Ross.In 1993, after WCW Vice President of Wrestling Operations Bill Watts resigned from the company, <mask> went to TBS executive and WCW President Bill Shaw and WCW Executive Vice President Bob Dhue to apply for the job of Executive Producer. Ross and Schiavone seemed to be the two top candidates, however, <mask> was hired in Watts' place. Schiavone remained a producer and commentator until the company's demise, but Ross was granted his release from WCW and went to work for the WWF. Initially, <mask> and Dhue worked together as partners, but frequently clashed over the direction of the company. In 1994, <mask> was promoted from Executive Producer to Senior Vice President, putting him in charge of everything WCW. Dhue resigned, as did event manager Don Sandefeur and junior vice president Jim Barnett. Bischoff convinced Turner executives to better finance WCW in order to compete with the WWF.He moved WCW production to Disney-MGM Studios in Orlando, Florida. Hulk Hogan, who was filming a show called Thunder in Paradise at Disney-MGM Studios, was approached by <mask> and Ric Flair and signed to a contract with WCW. He also invested money in production values and increased the number of WCW pay-per-views (first seven a year, then 10, and then once a month). He also started a weekly live program, WCW Monday Nitro, that went directly against WWF's flagship Monday Night Raw. <mask> remained an announcer on Nitro, regularly spoiling Raw results (as the latter show was not always aired live) to boost ratings. This created what became known amongst fans as the Monday Night Wars, as both WCW and WWF fought for viewers and in the process kick-started a new level of mainstream popularity for pro wrestling. The changes paid off, and in 1995, WCW turned a profit for the first time in the company's history.By 1997, <mask>'s official job title was President of World Championship Wrestling. The New World Order (1996–1998)

In 1996, Bischoff signed WWF superstar Scott Hall, better known at the time as "Razor Ramon". Two weeks later on Nitro, Hall was joined by Kevin Nash, most previously known as "Diesel" in the WWF, to become "The Outsiders". Bischoff intentionally depicted the duo as WWF rebels who were not under contract to WCW. To avoid legal action by the WWF, <mask> in a worked interview at The Great American Bash, asked point blank if they worked for the WWF, which both Hall and Nash denied. The Outsiders expanded and became the New World Order (nWo) when perennial fan-favorite Hulk Hogan aligned himself with the Outsiders in July 1996. The nWo was depicted as a rival company engaging in a "hostile takeover" of WCW.Week to week, the angle grew more complex, with a mixture of main-eventers, mid-carders, executives, referees, managers, and announcers involved in various subplots related to the onscreen "WCW vs nWo" power-struggle. Led by the nWo storyline, WCW overtook the WWF as the number one wrestling promotion in America with Nitro defeating Raw in the ratings by a wide margin for 84 consecutive weeks. During this era, Bischoff moved from his role as commentator and joined the nWo as a manager. His television character, dubbed "Eazy E" by Hall ("Sleazy E" by the WCW commentators), became a dictator and egomaniac as the nWo boss. In the summer of 1998, Bischoff hosted a Tonight Show like segment on WCW programming with Miss Elizabeth. Ted DiBiase has said in shoot interviews that Bischoff originally hired DiBiase to be the spokesperson and financial backer for the nWo, but when the nWo was getting to be a more prominent storyline, Bischoff replaced DiBiase as nWo spokesperson. Bischoff also enjoyed some mainstream exposure at the time, appearing on the HBO series Arli$$ as well as The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.Downfall of WCW (1998–1999)
When the WWF rebranded their product as "WWF Attitude" and began to focus on new superstars such as Stone Cold Steve Austin, Mick Foley, and The Rock, and made owner/longtime announcer Vince McMahon into a character, this eventually resulted in a ratings turnaround for WWF. On April 13, 1998, WWF ended WCW's year and a half run on top of the ratings war. Despite losing in the ratings to WWF, WCW continued to post strong ratings, attendance, and PPV buyrates throughout 1998. In 1998 WCW built one of its first homegrown superstars in Bill Goldberg, and gave him the WCW World Heavyweight Championship on July 6, 1998 at the Georgia Dome in front of 39,919 people on Nitro. In early 1999, Bischoff promoted Kevin Nash to head booker. Despite Goldberg drawing at the box office and doing three shows in December and January that did nearly a $1 million gate, the decision was made to end Goldberg's undefeated streak and put the belt on Nash. On the January 4 Nitro, at the Georgia Dome, Nash dropped the title to Hogan in a match that became known as the Fingerpoke of Doom, and the nWo was rebranded.By March ratings began dropping, and WCW began experiencing an endless streak of ratings losses. Throughout 1999, Bischoff reverted to focusing on aging WCW stars such as Hogan, Diamond Dallas Page, Randy Savage, Sting, Rowdy Roddy Piper, Nash, Ric Flair, and Sid Vicious. In an effort to improve ratings, WCW also began to focus heavily on several celebrities such as Master P., Chad Brock, Megadeth, Dennis Rodman, and Kiss. One of the last deals Bischoff structured was a deal with the members of the rock band Kiss to have their own wrestling character known as The Kiss Demon. By late 1999, WCW began losing around $5 million a month. Attendance, PPV buys and ratings were down significantly. On September 10, 1999, the decision was made to relieve Bischoff of power.Replacement (1999–2000)
On September 10, 1999, <mask> was relieved of his management position with WCW by Turner Sports chief Harvey Schiller. The job title "President of WCW" was eliminated. He was replaced with WCW Vice President of Strategic Planning Bill Busch, who was named Senior Vice President (handling the creative of the company with Brad Siegel handling the day to day operations). One of Busch's first acts in charge was the additions of former WWF head writer Vince Russo and his colleague Ed Ferrara (both of whom had worked on Raw when the show began to overtake Nitro in the ratings) to head up WCW's creative direction. In April 2000, <mask> returned as an on-air character alongside Vince Russo to lead the heel faction The New Blood; <mask> also worked on writing the shows with Russo during this time. <mask>'s last on-camera role in WCW was in July 2000 at the Bash at the Beach 2000 pay-per-view when Russo did a worked-shoot promo on Hulk Hogan. Attempted purchase of WCW (2001)
On January 11, 2001 with WCW facing major financial woes, Siegel accepted <mask>'s offer to purchase the company.Bischoff and Fusient briefly withdrew their offer when the WWF made an inquiry on WCW (due to the terms of a settlement, WWF had a right to bid on WCW's properties, should they ever be up for liquidation). When then-WWF broadcaster Viacom objected (fearing a WWF-owned show on a competing network), the Bischoff-Fusient consortium signed a new letter of intent. However, the new head of Turner Broadcasting, Jamie Kellner then canceled all WCW programming from its television networks. Kellner believed that wrestling did not fit the demographics of either TBS or TNT and would not be favorable enough to get the "right" advertisers to buy airtime (even though Thunder was the highest-rated show on TBS at the time). In the book NITRO: The Incredible Rise and Inevitable Collapse of Ted Turner's WCW by Guy Evans, it is said that a key condition in WCW's purchase deal with Fusient was that Fusient wanted control over time slots on TNT and TBS networks, regardless of whether these slots would show WCW programming or not. This influenced Kellner's decision to ultimately cancel WCW programming. With no network on which to air its programming, WCW was of little value to Fusient, whose offer depended on being able to continue to air WCW programming on the Turner networks.<mask> stated that "it made absolutely no sense for us to do the deal under those circumstances." With WCW programming canceled (and Viacom subsequently no longer objecting), the company's key assets (tape library, trademarks, and selected contracts) were purchased by the WWF in March 2001 for a substantially lower price (approximately US$3.5 million) than what had been offered. Post-WCW endeavors (2001–2002)
<mask> briefly served as President of Matrats, a youth-based wrestling company. World Wrestling Entertainment (2002–2007)

General Manager of Raw (2002–2005)

In 2002, <mask> was hired by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE, formerly WWF) to be the general manager of Raw. Although primarily an on-screen role, <mask> had a wide range of contacts within WWE to whom he could pitch creative ideas. He debuted as the first Raw general manager on the July 15 episode of Raw. He resurrected his characteristic brand of smarminess with the general manager position, again playing the arrogant heel character he had employed as the nWo boss in WCW.During his debut on Raw he told the audience about how he was president of WCW, creator of the nWo and how he forced Vince McMahon to change the ways he does business. <mask> is in second place of the longest reigns as general manager in WWE history, with three years in total. Former rival and former general manager of SmackDown Theodore Long surpassed <mask>'s record with a combined number of six years. <mask>'s wrestling innovations in WWE included the "Raw Roulette" and the Elimination Chamber, as well as feuds with Stone Cold Steve Austin, Shane McMahon, John Cena, SmackDown! General Manager Stephanie McMahon, and former Extreme Championship Wrestling owner Paul Heyman. At Taboo Tuesday <mask> had his head shaved after failing to beat his (kayfabe) nephew Eugene. Bischoff then began a face turn after his head got shaved.He favored face wrestlers such as Randy Orton, Chris Benoit and Chris Jericho. Bischoff subsequently took a vacation after allowing Randy Orton's team to become General Managers for up to four weeks with every member being the general manager once a week. Bischoff began favoring heels again after then-WWE Champion John Cena, who was drafted to Raw in June 2005, refused to participate in <mask>'s vendetta against an impending ECW revival. As a result, Bischoff "declared war" on Cena (citing disdain for Cena's rapping and "thug nature") and made wrestlers such as Chris Jericho and Christian try to take away the WWE Championship from Cena. In November, Bischoff aligned himself with Kurt Angle. Following several months of Raw and SmackDown! invasions, Bischoff lost to SmackDown!general manager Theodore Long at Survivor Series after The Boogeyman helped Long beat <mask>. On the December 5 episode of Raw, <mask> was (kayfabe) "fired" as general manager, when Cena body slammed him and Vince McMahon tossed him into a garbage truck - following a "trial" where his history of unscrupulous actions were listed - and had him driven out of the arena. <mask> then sat out the remainder of the year and spent the start of 2006 writing a book that would become Controversy Creates Cash. <mask> was against writing a wrestling book initially, as he believes "most are bitter, self-serving revisionist history at best—and monuments to bullshit at their worst." Sporadic appearances and departure (2006–2007)
On September 25, 2006, <mask> appeared on WWE television for the first time in close to a year, and after being brought into the ring by Jonathan Coachman, he proceeded to promote his recently finished book Controversy Creates Ca$h (), giving a worked shoot on McMahon and WWE. During his segment, <mask> stated, "Without Monday Nitro there would be no Monday Night Raw...without the nWo there would be no DX...and without <mask> there would be no Mr. McMahon". After this statement, <mask>'s microphone was immediately cut off, Jonathon Coachman’s music played and he was escorted from the arena by security.A few days later John "Bradshaw" Layfield conducted a four-part interview with Bischoff, further discussing his book on WWE.com. During the interview, Bischoff discussed various topics, such as his true feelings towards Lex Luger, his thoughts on ECW promoter Paul Heyman, his decision of giving Kevin Nash booking power, and his overall reaction to the Monday Night Wars. The book was released on October 17, 2006 and became a New York Times best seller. <mask> was chosen as the special guest referee for the D-Generation X versus Rated-RKO match at Cyber Sunday on November 5, with 60% of the vote. He then cheated DX out of the win, leaving Randy Orton and Edge the victors. The next night on Raw, <mask> was reinstated as General Manager for one night only. During his time as the General Manager on Raw, he restarted matches if he did not like the outcome.He also got revenge on Maria for her statement made in his trial the year before by making her face Umaga, forced John Cena to "take the night off," and banned DX from the building. He restarted the match between Jeff Hardy and Johnny Nitro for the WWE Intercontinental Championship after Hardy won by disqualification. <mask> restarted that match as a No Disqualification match, and Nitro took advantage of that using Melina to distract Hardy and striking him with the title belt. At the end of the show, DX interfered in the main event when Bischoff tried to help Edge and Randy Orton win the World Tag Team Championship, and forced him to be humiliated by "Big Dick Johnson"

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 as revenge for costing them their match the night before. On March 5, 2007, <mask> made a brief appearance on Raw in Phoenix, Arizona to give Vince McMahon his thoughts on the WrestleMania 23 match against Donald Trump. In August 2007, Bischoff's WWE contract expired. On December 10, 2007, Bischoff appeared on Raw for its 15th Anniversary Special, and was confronted by Chris Jericho, the man whom he fired on Raw on August 22, 2005.Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2010–2014)

Immortal (2010–2012)

In October 2009, <mask> helped negotiate a deal among Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), Hulk Hogan, and himself. He premiered alongside Hogan on the January 4, 2010, episode of TNA Impact! as part of an alliance to take over and rebuild the franchise. Behind the scenes, he was also appointed TNA executive producer. Despite being a heel when dealing with the likes of Jeff Jarrett, Mick Foley and Abyss, Bischoff refereed his first TNA match at Against All Odds, favoring the face challenger Samoa Joe over the heel champion A.J. Styles in a match for the TNA World Heavyweight Championship. During the match, as part of the storyline, <mask> punched out Styles' manager Ric Flair, after he interfered in the match, but the distraction led to Styles retaining his belt.On the March 15 episode of Impact! Bischoff attempted to shave Mick Foley bald as a punishment for trying to help Jeff Jarrett in a handicap match the previous week, but was shaved bald himself, when Foley turned the tables on him. At Lockdown <mask> turned face by helping Team Hogan defeat Team Flair in the Lethal Lockdown match. The next months Bischoff worked with Hogan, Jeff Jarrett and Samoa Joe against Sting and Kevin Nash, who claimed that they knew that Bischoff and Hogan were up to something. During this time Abyss turned on Hogan and went on a rampage, which included attacking the TNA World Heavyweight Champion Rob Van Dam to the point that he was forced to vacate the title, all the while claiming that he was controlled by some entity, that was coming to TNA. After he manhandled TNA president Dixie Carter on the October 7 episode of Impact!, Bischoff presented Carter with the paperwork that would have Abyss fired after his match with Rob Van Dam at Bound for Glory, which she then proceeded to sign. At Bound for Glory Bischoff turned heel with Hogan, as the two of them helped Jeff Hardy win the vacant TNA World Heavyweight Championship.<mask>, Hogan and Hardy then aligned themselves with Abyss and Jeff Jarrett. On the following episode of Impact! it was revealed that Bischoff had tricked Carter and the paperwork she had signed a week earlier, were not to release Abyss, but to turn the company over to him and Hogan. Meanwhile, <mask>'s and Hogan's new stable, now known as Immortal, formed an alliance with Ric Flair's Fortune. On the November 4 episode of Impact!, <mask> took part in his first match in TNA, challenging the concussed Mr. Anderson to earn his shot at the TNA World Heavyweight Championship, only for Matt Morgan to take his spot and beat Bischoff to become the number one contender. Dixie Carter returned on the November 25 episode of Reaction, informing Hogan and <mask> that a judge had filed an injunction against the two on her behalf over not having signatory authority, indefinitely suspending Hogan from TNA. On January 31, 2011, at the tapings of the February 3 episode of Impact!, Fortune turned on Immortal, explaining that they were not going to let TNA suffer the same fate as WCW.Hogan, having won the court battle against Dixie Carter, returned to TNA on the March 3 episode of Impact!, declaring himself as the new owner of the promotion. However, on the May 12 episode of the newly renamed Impact Wrestling, Immortal lost control of the program to Mick Foley, who revealed himself as the Network consultant, who had been causing problems for Immortal ever since Bischoff and Hogan took over the company, however, this angle was aborted just three weeks later, when Foley left the promotion. Also in May, <mask> declared war on the X Division, after the legitimate firing of Jay Lethal, and on the May 19 episode of Impact Wrestling, wrestled his second TNA match, when he teamed with Matt Hardy in a tag team match, where they defeated Generation Me (Jeremy and Max Buck). The storyline concluded on August 11, when the Network gave the division back to the original X Division wrestlers, after the success of Destination X, which saw Immortal's Abyss lose the X Division Championship to Brian Kendrick. On October 6, it was reported that <mask> had signed a contract extension with TNA. On October 16 at Bound for Glory, after losing control of TNA back to Dixie Carter, Hogan turned on the rest of Immortal by saving Sting from a beatdown at the hands of its members. Sting had won the match when referee Jackson James, who had earlier in the event been revealed as <mask>'s real-life son Garett <mask>, reluctantly called the ring bell for a submission, which led to <mask> hitting his son with a steel chair following the match, starting a rivalry between the two.On April 15, 2012 at Lockdown, <mask> and Garett captained opposing teams in the annual Lethal Lockdown match. Garett won the match for his team by pinning <mask>, forcing his father out of TNA in the process. Backstage roles, lawsuit and departure (2012–2014)
After Lockdown, <mask> did not appear on Impact Wrestling and focused on his backstage roles. In October 2013, <mask> was sent home by TNA to sit out the remainder of his contract, which expired in early 2014. In May 2015, <mask>, his son Garett, and his business partner Jason Hervey sued TNA for unpaid salary. During an interview in August 2016, when <mask> was asked what went wrong with the company he said: "I try to put them both out of my mind so I couldn’t tell you. No comment.I’m in the middle of a lawsuit with them so I can’t really comment." When asked about positive memories during his time with TNA he stated that he did not have any. In 2019, <mask> said of his TNA run, "For the most part, it is very regrettable" and "looking back, I wished I wouldn't have done it, with one or two exceptions." Sporadic WWE appearances (2016–present)
<mask> inducted Diamond Dallas Page into the WWE Hall of Fame. On the 25th Anniversary of Raw on January 22, 2018, <mask> made a guest appearance on the show, during a segment with other former Raw general managers and on July 22, 2019 on the Raw Reunion. In June 2019, WWE announced that <mask> would be the executive director of SmackDown, and part of <mask>'s role is to act as an intermediary between WWE and Fox executives due to his background in the television industry, but he was replaced on October 15 by Bruce Prichard, and with immediate effect he had left the company. Bryan Alvarez reported that he heard "zero good things" about Bischoff and that <mask> did not know the product nor the wrestlers.According to Fox, <mask> was released since "[s]ignificant promises were made that we don't feel were upheld". In March 2020, <mask> reflected his WWE departure, stating "I knew about six weeks in, eight weeks in, it just wasn’t going to work out. [...] I knew I wasn’t fitting and it wasn’t a secret. [...] It just wasn’t right. [...] I had to fit in the system and I wasn’t able to do it in the timeline it needed to be done". In June 2020, <mask> further reflected his departure by saying "it was on me" and backs his profession by blaming his failure to adapt to the new job for why his tenure was so short and described the problem as being more of a "chemistry issue" than anything else. <mask> also pointed out that he had little creative control over SmackDown but was more of an overseer for Vince, who has the most say in the company's creative direction.On April 6, 2021, he was inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame. He also appeared on the December 27 episode of Raw, as the officiator for the renewal of The Miz and Maryse's vows, and on the January 21, 2022 episode of SmackDown, during a backstage segment with Adam Pearce and Sonya Deville. All Elite Wrestling (2020–2021)
<mask> appeared on TNT for the first time since 2000 on August 5, 2020 when he appeared on AEW Dynamite to moderate a debate between Chris Jericho and Orange Cassidy. He referred to his appearance as a cameo and he has not signed with the promotion. However, <mask> would later return to Dynamite on October 28, 2020 to ask Jericho and MJF questions during a "town hall meeting," provoking the two wrestlers and setting up a match at Full Gear. He again appeared on Dynamite on March 3, 2021 as part of an Inner Circle press conference. On May 28, 2021, Bischoff returned to Dynamite to host a party for the Inner Circle.During the event, members of the Inner Circle were ambushed by MJF and others in The Pinnacle. Television production career
<mask>, with actor Jason Hervey, ran his own production company, Bischoff-Hervey Entertainment, which primarily produced reality TV shows, through 2017. They produced a live Girls Gone Wild pay-per-view event from Florida in 2003 with WWE and another pay-per-view about the Sturgis, South Dakota motorcycle rally in 2004. They also executive produced the VH1 reality shows Scott Baio Is 45...and Single, Scott Baio Is 46...and Pregnant, I Want To Be a Hilton, and Confessions of a Teen Idol, along with the CMT show Billy Ray Cyrus...Home At Last. Bischoff-Hervey Productions also produced a wrestling reality show called Hulk Hogan's Celebrity Championship Wrestling in which ten celebrities were trained to wrestle and one celebrity is voted off weekly. Bischoff also appeared as one of the "judges" on the show. In November 2009, Bischoff helped produce Hulk Hogan's Hulkamania: Let The Battle Begin tour to Australia.<mask>, also had a show in development with Food Network called "Food Fight" where pro wrestlers take on celebrity chefs in cooking and then tag-team with them in a wrestling match. In January 2013, Bischoff and Hervey produced the television series Hardcore Pawn: Chicago. Video game production career
In 2013, along with partners Jason Hervey and Ike McFadden, <mask> formed the online gaming company MX Digital. The company develops and distributes online and mobile celebrity-themed games in Europe and North America. Among the company's first released games were Hulk Hogan's Hulkamania, which debuted on SkyVegas in November 2012. Their next game, The Hoff, featuring actor-singer David Hasselhoff, was released widely in Europe in February 2013. In early 2014, his online-gaming company announced a deal with actor Dan Aykroyd to launch a Blues Brothers online casino game in Europe.Later that year, MX Digital launched their games on Facebook, under the moniker "MX Casino". Slot-machine-style games playable upon launch as a Facebook app included "socialized" versions of Hulk Hogan's Hulkamania, as well as a similarly Facebook-friendly version of The Hoff. Also debuting in October of that year were a batch of new celebrity-themed games, this time starring the likes of Dennis Rodman, James Dean and Chuck Norris. Personal life
Before getting into professional wrestling, Bischoff had a number of occupations. He acted in a training video for bank employees regarding fair lending practices, owned a successful landscape construction company, worked as a veterinary assistant, competed as a professional kickboxer, and ran a butcher shop, where he sold meat via van delivery. Hulk Hogan would famously refer to this time in his life during his heel promo at the end of the 1996 WCW pay-per-view event Bash at the Beach in Daytona Beach, Florida, saying, "If it wasn't for Hulk Hogan, <mask> would still be selling meat from a truck in Minneapolis." Bischoff has homes in Cody, Wyoming; Scottsdale, Arizona; Stamford, Connecticut; and Los Angeles, California with his wife, Loree (married since 1984).He has two children: son Garett (born April 20, 1984); and daughter Montanna (born November 7, 1985). Garett, under the ring name Jackson James, made his debut for TNA Wrestling on November 7, 2010, as a referee at Turning Point, before later becoming a wrestler under his real name. On May 5, 2011, <mask> announced that he was starting a brewing company in Cody, Wyoming. Their first beverage, called Buffalo Bill Cody Beer, featured the tag line "The Spirit of the Wild West". On July 27, 2016, <mask> premiered his first podcast show, Bischoff on Wrestling, on MLW Radio. After October 17, 2017, he quit the show due to being shortchanged on money. In April 2018, <mask> returned to podcasting with 83 Weeks with <mask> alongside co-host, Conrad Thompson.<mask> is a longtime fan of Vermont-based jamband Phish and collects live recordings of their concerts. <mask> is one of the most polarizing and controversial figures in professional wrestling history. Bischoff was instrumental in the creation of the New World Order (nWo), which played a major role in WCW's success and peak during the Monday Night Wars. Mike Johnson of Pro Wrestling Insider wrote: "His place in history is this and it will always be this - he's the only person to come along and kick Vince McMahon hard enough that he forced WWF's product to evolve and get better. No matter whether he won the ratings for 83 weeks or one week, his legacy is that he made pro wrestling change for the better in the mid-1990s." However, R.D. Reynolds and Bryan Alvarez, the authors of the book titled The Death of WCW, were critical of many of the decisions Bischoff made as head of WCW and believe that he contributed to the decline of the company.Professional wrestling creative writer Vince Russo, who worked with <mask> in WCW and TNA, was critical of the time they spent working together, stating: "<mask> likes to be the boss. <mask> likes to be in charge. <mask> likes to do as little work, physical work as possible". Russo was also critical of Bischoff, stating, “I don’t think the chemistry was ever there, but, I think, when we worked together, I mean, I think that we respected each other and we both tried to make it work, but, I just think that because we are two totally separate people, it was just difficult". However, Russo also said Bischoff has "contributed [to professional wrestling] in a tremendous way ... Dating all the way back to his early days at the AWA". AEW promoter Tony Khan credits Bischoff with paving the way for his promotion, stating: "I wouldn’t be here and there would not be an AEW without [Bischoff] and there would not be wrestling on TNT right now without [him]."WWE describes Bischoff as a "pioneer behind the scenes in sports-entertainment, as well as an incredibly entertaining performer in front of the camera", further stating that he achieved "success everywhere he went in the business". Filmography

Television

Championships and accomplishments
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Feud of the Year (1996) vs. Vince McMahon
Feud of the Year (2002) vs. Stephanie McMahon
World Championship Wrestling
WCW Hardcore Championship (1 time)
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Best Gimmick (1996) – nWo
 Feud of the Year (1996) New World Order vs. World Championship Wrestling
Best Non-Wrestler (2005)
 '''WWE
WWE Hall of Fame (Class of 2021)

References

External links

83 Weeks with <mask> on Westwood One Podcast Network

1955 births
American color commentators
American male professional wrestlers
American men podcasters
American podcasters
American television producers
Impact Wrestling executives
Living people
People from Cody, Wyoming
Professional wrestlers from Wyoming
Professional wrestling authority figures
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestlers from Michigan
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Professional wrestling podcasters
The New World Order (professional wrestling) members
University of Minnesota alumni
World Championship Wrestling executives
WWE executives
WWE Hall of Fame

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<mask> (born 17 August 1970) is an Estonian writer, a playwright, topical satirist, and screenwriter. As of 2004, 25,000 copies of his novel Rehepapp ehk November (Old Barny or November) had been sold, making him the most popular 21st century Estonian writer. His book Mees, kes teadis ussisõnu (The Man Who Spoke Snakish) (2007) has been one of the top selling books in Estonia. He has been a member of the Estonian Writers' Union (in Estonian: Eesti Kirjanike Liit) since 1996. Radio work
<mask> and Mart Juur host a humorous and satirical weekly radio show, Rahva Oma Kaitse (People's Own Defense), on the Raadio 2 channel of Estonian public broadcaster ERR. Every time the Eurovision Song Contest takes place, it is also aired on Raadio 2, and Juur and Kivirähk air a 'special' on top of the live broadcast. 1999, 9th ed.(A Frog Kiss, Varrak 2014)
 Весна и какашка (Poo and Spring, Tallinn: Varrak 2010)
 Лимпа и пираты (Limpa and the Pirates, Varrak 2009)
 Лотте из Деревни Изобретателей (Lotte from Gadgetville, Eesti Päevaleht 2009)
 Жираф (Giraffe, КПД 2008)
 Сирли, Сийм и секреты (Sirli, Siim and the Secrets, КПД 2008)

Slovenian

 Sara, Simon in skrivnosti (Sirli, Siim and the Secrets, KUD Sodobnost International 2015)

References

Estonian Literature Information Centre

External links
 A Brave Woman by <mask> Kivirähk

Living people
1970 births
People from Tallinn
Estonian male novelists
Estonian humorists
21st-century Estonian novelists
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 5th Class

masks:
Andrus Kivirähk
Andrus Kiviräk
Andrus


texts:
Major General <mask> (; 11 December 193014 July 1998) was a South Vietnamese general and  chief of the South Vietnamese National Police. Loan gained international attention when he summarily executed handcuffed prisoner Nguyễn Văn Lém, on February 1, 1968 in Saigon, Vietnam during the Tet Offensive. <mask>m was a Viet Cong (VC) member. The event was witnessed and recorded by Võ Sửu, a cameraman for NBC, and Eddie Adams, an Associated Press photographer. The photo and film became two famous images in contemporary American journalism. Early life
<mask> was born in 1930 to a middle-class family in Huế, and was one of eleven children. He studied pharmacy at Huế University before joining the Vietnamese National Army in 1951.He soon studied at an officer training school, where he befriended classmate Nguyễn Cao Kỳ. Loan received pilot training in Morocco before returning to Vietnam in 1955, serving with the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) for the next decade. He received additional training in the United States at some point during this period, enabling him to speak English fluently by the time he rose to prominence in the late 1960s. Despite gradually taking on administrative tasks involving intelligence and security, Loan flew as wingman to Kỳ, now commander of the RVNAF, during the February 1965 Operation Flaming Dart airstrikes targeting North Vietnam. Career
In June 1965, when Kỳ became prime minister of South Vietnam, he promoted Loan to colonel and appointed him director of the Military Security Service. This was followed within a few months by an appointment to director of the Central Intelligence Organization, giving Loan simultaneous control of both military intelligence and security. He was further made director general of the Republic of Vietnam National Police in April 1966.Holding these positions enabled <mask> to wield immense power, and he supervised the suppression of the early 1966 uprising of Kỳ's rival General Nguyễn Chánh Thi and dissident Buddhists. When Kỳ agreed to become vice president to Nguyễn Văn Thiệu in 1967, the former relied on the support Loan provided for him in order to retain power. Loan was a staunch South Vietnamese nationalist, refusing to give Americans special treatment in his jurisdiction. For example, in December 1966 he rejected the arrest of Saigon mayor Van Van Cua by American military police and insisted that only South Vietnamese authorities could arrest and detain South Vietnamese citizens. He also insisted that U.S. civilians, including journalists, fell under South Vietnamese jurisdiction while in Saigon. Loan's uncompromising stand caused him to be regarded as a troublemaker by the Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson. Loan was also skeptical of the U.S. CIA-backed Phoenix Program to attack and neutralize the clandestine VC infrastructure.<mask>'s men were also involved in the arrest of two VC operatives on 15 August 1967 who had been engaged in sending out peace feelers to U.S. officials behind the back of the South Vietnamese in an initiative code-named Buttercup. His stand against such "backdoor" dealing, and his opposition to releasing one of the communist negotiators, reportedly angered the Americans, and forced them to keep both him and the South Vietnamese better informed of diplomatic dealings involving their country. <mask> was an accomplished pilot—he led an airstrike on VC forces at Bù Đốp in 1967, shortly before he was promoted to permanent brigadier general rank. The Americans were displeased at his promotion, and <mask> submitted his resignation shortly thereafter. The South Vietnamese cabinet subsequently rejected <mask>'s resignation. Execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém

Nguyễn Văn Lém (also known as Bảy Lốp), was a VC member. On 1 February 1968, during the Tet Offensive, he was captured in a building in the Cho Lon quarter of Saigon, near the Ấn Quang pagoda.Lém wore civilian clothing at the time of his capture. Max Hastings, writing in 2018, noted that Lém was in civilian clothes and had personally executed South Vietnamese Lt. Col. Nguyen Tuan, his wife, five of their six children and the officer’s 80-year-old mother less than 36 hours prior to the execution. He was brought to Loan, who then summarily executed him on the street using his sidearm, a .38 Special Smith & Wesson Bodyguard, Model 49 revolver. The execution was captured on photo by Associated Press photographer Eddie Adams and on video by NBC News television cameraman Võ Sửu. After the execution, <mask> told Adams: "They killed many of our people and many of yours." Võ Sửu reported that after the shooting Loan went to a reporter and said ''These guys kill a lot of our people, and I think Buddha will forgive me.'' Interviewed by Oriana Fallaci in May 1968 for her book Nothing, and So be it, he stated that he was aware of the indignation he caused and that he understood Fallaci's point of view when she regarded him as a cold-blooded killer.However, he stated that he killed Lém because he felt enraged since the VC was wearing civilian clothes. Speaking to Fallaci, he said: "He wasn't wearing a uniform and I can't respect a man who shoots without wearing a uniform. Because it's too easy: you kill and you're not recognized. I respect a North Vietnamese because he's dressed as a soldier, like myself, and so he takes the same risks as I do. But a Vietcong in civilian clothes - I was filled with rage." The photograph and footage were broadcast worldwide, galvanizing the anti-war movement. Eddie Adams' photo  won Adams the 1969 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography.Adams later stated he regretted he was unable to get a picture "of that Viet Cong [Lém] blowing away the [Tuan] family". A few months after the execution picture was taken, <mask> was seriously wounded near Saigon by machine gun fire that led to the amputation of his leg. Again his picture hit the world press, this time as Australian war correspondent Pat Burgess carried him back to his lines. He was evacuated to Australia and then to the United States. Afterwards, <mask> remained in the United States for an extended period as Thiệu consolidated his power by replacing Kỳ supporters. Upon his return to Saigon, he was appointed to a position that involved long-range planning, but lacked actual power. Later life
In 1975, during the fall of Saigon, <mask> fled South Vietnam to the United States.There he moved to Dale City, Virginia. He then opened a restaurant called "Les Trois Continents" in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Burke, Virginia at Rolling Valley Mall. The restaurant served hamburgers, Vietnamese cuisine, and pizza, but was described as more of a pizzeria. Loan also worked as a secretary in a Washington firm at this time. When interviewed, Loan stated "All we want to do is to forget and to be left alone." Adams later apologized in person to General Nguyễn and his family for the damage his photograph did to his reputation. House of Representatives member Elizabeth Holtzman forwarded a list of Vietnamese officials who may have committed crimes (including Loan) to Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS).House of Representatives member Harold S. Sawyer later requested the Library of Congress investigate Loan. In 1978, the INS contended that Loan had committed a war crime, following a report by the Library of Congress which concluded that the summary execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém had been illegal under Vietnamese law, in an attempt to revoke his permanent resident status to ensure that he could not become a United States citizen. They approached Adams to testify against Loan, but Adams instead testified in his favor and Loan was allowed to stay. The deportation was halted by the intervention of United States President Jimmy Carter, who stated that "such historical revisionism was folly". Loan visited the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and praised it. In 1991, he closed his restaurant and retired. Adams recalled that on his last visit to the pizza parlor shortly before it closed, he had seen written on a toilet wall, "We know who you are, you fucker".Death
<mask> <mask> Loan died of cancer on 14 July 1998, aged 67, in Burke, Virginia. After his death, Adams praised him: "The guy was a hero. America should be crying. I just hate to see him go this way, without people knowing anything about him." Eddie Adams wrote a eulogy to Loan in Time:The general killed the Viet Cong; I killed the general with my camera. Still photographs are the most powerful weapon in the world. People believe them, but photographs do lie, even without manipulation.They are only half-truths. What the photograph didn't say was, "What would you do if you were the general at that time and place on that hot day, and you caught the so-called bad guy after he blew away one, two or three American soldiers?" Personal life
Loan was married to Chinh Mai, with whom he raised five children. References

External links

  Collection of photos of the Lém execution. The exact location of this event happened on the west section of "Lý Thái Tổ" street, right  in the center of this satellite map, and looking East as shown in the execution picture. 1930 births
1998 deaths
Vietnamese amputees
Generals of South Vietnam
Deaths from cancer in Virginia
Chiefs of police
People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph
Vietnam War photographs
Vietnamese anti-communists
Vietnamese emigrants to the United States
People from Burke, Virginia

masks:
Nguyễn Ngọc Loan
Nguyễn Văn Lé
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Loan
Nguyễn
Ngọc


texts:
<mask> (born 13 March 1953) is a British composer of classical music. He has received a number of commissions, including the BBC and the Three Choirs Festival Society and a number of individuals, while his works have been performed both in Great Britain and abroad. He was shortlisted for a British Composer Award in 2003. Life
Born in London, England, <mask> took private tuition from Elisabeth Lutyens and Harrison Birtwistle between 1969 and 1971, and also with Nadia Boulanger in Paris from 1972 to 1973. From 1973 to 1976 he studied at the University of York for a DPhil in Composition under David Blake and Bernard Rands. Following the completion of his studies, <mask> taught at Dartington College of Arts for two years and was composer-in-residence at Southern Arts. In 1987 he moved to a position at Cardiff University, where he became composer-in-residence in 1990 and Professor of Composition from 2004 until 2010.He was Chairman of the Association of Professional Composers between 1995 and 1997. <mask> has written over sixty works, including four string quartets, two symphonies, a cello concerto, a horn concerto, as well as many choral and chamber works. He has also done settings of texts by Wordsworth, Lawrence Durrell, Shelley, Baudelaire and Philip Larkin. Summary of key works

Orchestral

Stone, Water, Stars (1987), commissioned for the BBC Symphony Orchestra, is the third part of a trilogy inspired by the ambiance and architecture of Venice. The other two works that belong to this trilogy are the Chamber Concerto (1983/4) and Venexiana (1985), which <mask> both references in this piece, thus linking them thematically. The Concerto for Cello (1990) was commissioned for the King's Lynn Festival, specifically written for the cellist Stephen Isserlis and dedicated to the artistic adviser of the festival, Meirion Bowen. The concerto is in three movements with a prominent piano piece in the opening passage of the work.Although some of the writing for the soloist and orchestra is at times quite turbulent, a number of critics have commented on the "reflective" nature of the piece. The Concerto for Horn (1989) was written for the horn player Michael Thompson and included two movements; 'Madrigals of Love and War' and 'Winter Journeys'. The theme was similar to his previous work, and was described by John Warnaby as, 'an element of conflict [that] is gradually superseded by affirmative lyricism'. It was influenced by <mask>' visits to Czechoslovakia in 1986 and 1988 <mask> explains that; ‘The concerto seemed to be, on one level at least, a history, in music, of Czechoslovakia from 1968 to 1989'. <mask>' Symphony was written between 1994 and 1996, although he did not necessarily set out to write one. As it was appearing to become a full orchestral work, <mask> received assistance from the David James Music Trust to complete it. It was dedicated to his parents while Andrew Burn noted how it demonstrated 'mastery of extended large-scale structures', and Nicholas Jones commented on the 'evident assuredness of <mask>'s handling of the symphonic genre'.Between 1998-99 the composer completed his Symphony No. 2 which was first performed by the BBC Symphony Orchestra in 2002. Vocal/Choral

A Picture of the World (2001) was commissioned by the BBC and is a setting of Ludwig Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, following in the footsteps of his mentor Elisabeth Lutyens. <mask> explained the use of a counter-tenor as 'Wittgenstein had an unusually high speaking voice' with the vocal and clarinet acting as the voice of the philosopher. The piece was premiered at Warsaw Autumn Festival and broadcast on Radio 3, while in the Guardian, Harry Eyres commented on the unusual instrumentation of the piece. Airs and Angels (2003) was commissioned for the Three Choirs Festival held in Hereford in 2003 and was a interpretation of seven of John Donne’s (1572–1631) poems. At the work’s centre lies the ‘dark and intense’ setting of 'A Nocturnal Upon St. Lucy's Day', while the Guardian described the work as a'striking setting of [the] love poems by John Donne, conceived in seven sections that merge imperceptibly into a continuous arching sequence'.From Station Island (2003) is an abridged interpretation of a poetry collection of the same name by Seamus Heaney, where the composer reworked and edited nine poems into an narrative that included a male speaker, baritone and a small ensemble where the former has the role of the poet and the baritone acts out numerous characters. At the West Cork Music Festival in Ireland in June 2005, the work received its Irish premiere and the male speaker role was performed by Seamus Heaney himself. Others include Lullaby (1991), Lullo by Lollo (1993) and O Magnum Mysterium (1995). Chamber music

Another Part of the Island (1980, revised in 1994) is a chamber work in four movements that as premiered at the Queen Elizabeth Hall, London in May 1982 and conducted by John Carewe. The piece refers to the imaginary island from Shakespeare's The Tempest, where the instruments can be seen as playing characters from the play. His chamber works include a number of solo works, for example:
 Nocturnes: book 2 (1984) - cello
 Barcarola (1987) - viola
 In Two Minds (1991) - oboe
 Nature Studies (1992) - guitar
Other chamber works include: four string quartets (1987, 1991, 1999, 2005), Nymphéas (1983), Capricci; In Shadow (1989), In Sunlight (1993) and Fast Colours (1997). Piano

<mask> has written a number of works for piano, including Flyer (2004), Piano Sonata No.1 (1983), Piano Sonata No. 2 (1986) and Sensing (2003). However, the best known of his piano works is The Memory Room (1990/1) written for and dedicated to William Howard, who premiered the piece at the Lichfield Festival on 10 July 1992. In contrast to previous work, it consists of sixteen short pieces. Nicholas Jones pointed out that <mask> integrates these keyboard styles into his own style so effectively that 'they are mere ghosts or shadows of their former selves'. In 2003, <mask> wrote a second piece for Howard, entitled Vista, and <mask> explains that Vista was the first piece in a planned sequence of pieces all reflecting on or interpreting 'aspects of Italian renaissance and baroque gardens.' References

External links
 Oxford University Press profile

1953 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
English classical composers
Alumni of the University of York
Musicians from London
Academics of Cardiff University
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians

masks:
Anthony Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Anthony Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers
Powers


texts:
<mask> (born September 7, 1949) is an American politician and businessman who served as Secretary of State of Mississippi from 1984 until 1996. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in Philadelphia, Mississippi. In 1971, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration from the University of Mississippi. <mask> served for a number of years as Vice President of Manufacturing for Molpus Lumber Company. Career

Politics
In 1980, <mask> was Governor William Winter's first appointee and was selected as Executive Director of the Governor's Office of Federal-State Programs, an agency in disarray from the previous administration. For his work in reducing staff and bringing managerial efficiency to that troubled agency, he was selected in 1983 as Mississippi's Public Administrator of the Year by the American Society of Public Administrators. <mask> was among several younger staff members, including future Governor Ray Mabus, known as the "Boys of Spring" who helped guide Governor Winter's historic Education Reform Act of 1982 to passage.In 1983, he successfully ran statewide for Secretary of State of Mississippi against seven opponents. He was re-elected by significant margins in 1987 and 1991. Mr. <mask> took the Secretary of State's Office from an agency that was a tax drain of $200,000 to a profit maker of over $2,000,000 per year. As Secretary of State he also served as Lands Commissioner of Mississippi and, in that capacity, supervised more than  of 16th Section commercial, residential, and timber property that had been set aside in the early 19th century to raise money for the public schools. By forcing renegotiation of some 5,000 below market leases, he increased, by more than $24,000,000, the amount of revenue to the public schools from those properties during his tenure. He also successfully led efforts in the Mississippi Legislature for sweeping lobbyist law reform that required lobbyists to report all money spent on public officials. In addition, he proposed and led to passage substantial election law improvements, including allowing citizens to register to vote by mail.On June 21, 1989, <mask> officially apologized to the families of murdered civil rights workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner
at an Ecumenical Memorial Service at Mount Zion Church in Philadelphia, Mississippi. For this act, he received death threats but has cited it as his proudest moment. In 1993, he was recognized by his peers and was elected President of the National Association of Secretaries of State. As President of that organization, he founded Project Democracy, an effort chaired by former Presidents Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter to increase voter participation in the United States. In August 1995, he won the Democratic Nomination for Governor of Mississippi. In November of that year, after a strongly contested race, he lost to incumbent Republican Kirk Fordice. Post-political career

On January 8, 1996, after completing his third term as secretary of state of Mississippi, <mask> began a timberland investment management organization, The Molpus Woodlands Group, LLC.<mask> and his wife, Sally, were the founders of Parents for Public Schools, which now has chapters in 18 cities in 13 states across the United States. That organization steadfastly supports local public schools and works with parents to ensure high standards for those schools. He is a former President of National Parents for Public Schools. He received from the H. Council Trenholm Memorial Award from the National Education Association in 2004 for his work on behalf of public schools. In 2005, he was honored as an inductee into the Mississippi Business Hall of Fame, and in 2008, he was honored as a Visionary Public Servant by the Mississippi Center of Justice at their annual Champions of Justice dinner. He was Co-Chairman of the successful 2006 Jackson Public School Bond Campaign that brought $150MM in renovations and new schools to Jackson. In addition, he serves as treasurer for the Board of Directors of the Harwood Institute, a non-profit, non-partisan organization based in Bethesda, Maryland, that seeks to spark fundamental changes in American public life.He is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Southern Education Foundation, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. He recently became a member of the Board of Directors of MDC, located in Durham, North Carolina, which helps organizations and communities close the gaps that separate people from economic opportunity. He also serves as a board member of the New York City-based Andrew Goodman Foundation, which focuses on voting rights and justice issues. In 2007 he became the founding Chairman of the United States Endowment for Forestry and Communities, a $200MM endowment funded by the U.S./Canada Softwood Lumber Agreement. The endowment is focused on improving forest health and assisting timber-reliant communities in the U.S. Molpus is also a founding board member and executive committee of the National Alliance of Forest Landowners (NAFO), which is dedicated to protecting and enhancing the economic and environmental values of privately owned forests through policy advocacy at the national level. In 2013 he was inducted into the University of Mississippi Alumni Hall of Fame. The Daily Show coverage
On February 20, 2013, he was criticized by Jon Stewart on The Daily Show for failing, as Mississippi Secretary of State in 1995, to file paperwork to make Mississippi the last state in America to ratify the 13th amendment which ended slavery.However, on February 22, Constance Slaughter-Harvey, a black woman who served as Molpus' Assistant Secretary of State, told the media that she was in charge of filing the paperwork in 1995 and did file it. Many people familiar with Molpus' history called for The Daily Show to correct the report and apologize to Molpus. Stewart apologized on the February 25th show, praising Molpus' record on civil rights, and emphasizing that neither Molpus nor his staff requested the apology. References

External links
Molpus Woodlands Group, LLC corporate homepage

1949 births
American real estate businesspeople
Living people
People from Philadelphia, Mississippi
Secretaries of State of Mississippi
University of Mississippi alumni
Mississippi Democrats

masks:
Richard Molpus
Molpus
Molpus
Molpus
Dick Molpus
Molpus
Molpus
Molpus
Dick Molpus


texts:
<mask> (; 28 September 1897 – 1 June 1949) was a Soviet major general from during World War II. An Imperial Russian Army junior officer in World War I, he joined the Red Army in 1919. <mask> fought in the Russian Civil War and continued to serve after the end of the Russian Civil War. He was an advisor to the National Revolutionary Army between 1938 and 1939. Later he participated in the Soviet-Finnish war as a corps commander, and during World War II as the commander of the 14th Army, commanding the defense of Murmansk during Operation Silver Fox. <mask> became commander of the 2nd Reserve Army in May 1942 and two months later became a lecturer at the Frunze Military Academy. In February 1943 he became Volkhov Front chief of combat training and in September led the 7th Rifle Corps.After participating in the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive, <mask> briefly led the 99th Rifle Corps. In July 1944, <mask> became deputy commander of the 5th Army. Hospitalized in February 1945 during the East Prussian Offensive, <mask> did not see further action. After recovering he became an instructor at the Frunze Military Academy and retired in 1949. He died shortly afterwards. Early life, World War I, and Russian Civil War
<mask> was born on 28 September 1897 in Saint Petersburg. In October 1916, he was drafted into the Imperial Russian Army and became a cadet at the Pavel Military School, graduating with the rank of praporshchik in February 1917.<mask> was initially served with the 178th Reserve Infantry Regiment before being sent to the Romanian Front in April, where he fought with the 294th Berezina Infantry Regiment. He was treated in a hospital in Petrograd between September 1917 and January 1918, then demobilized. At the outbreak of the Russian Civil War he joined the Red Army in June 1919, serving as adjutant of the 1st Petrograd Regimental District. From September of that year, <mask> served as a company commander of the Red Army detachment on the staff of the Moskovsky-Narvsky district of Petrograd. During this period he fought on the Western Front against the Northwestern Army. <mask> became a company commander in the 166th Separate Rifle Battalion in January 1920 and later transferred to command a company of the separate engineer battalion of the Petrograd Military District. In March 1921 he participated in the suppression of the Kronstadt rebellion.Interwar
After the end of the Civil War <mask> served in the Leningrad Military District as a company commander in the 94th Rifle Regiment of the 11th Rifle Division. In 1924 he graduated from the Vystrel courses for military commander training. In February 1926 <mask> became a battalion commander of the 59th Rifle Regiment of the 20th Rifle Division, simultaneously serving as assistant regimental commander. He was appointed commander of the division's 60th Rifle Regiment in April 1931. In November 1936, <mask> became deputy commander of the 16th Rifle Division. Between July 1938 and October 1939 he served as a military advisor to the National Revolutionary Army in China. In this capacity he advised Zhang Fakui in Xinpu.In late September 1938, he became advisor to the 4th War Area, which was commanded by Zhang Fakui. <mask> later advised Bai Chongxi in Guilin. Winter War and World War II
After returning from China, <mask> was appointed commander of the 1st Rifle Corps at Pskov in the Leningrad Military District on 21 October 1939. The corps fought in the Winter War. The three divisions of the corps, part of the 8th Army, were to attack towards Ilomantsi and Korpiselka. The attack pushed the defending Finnish troops back from the border and captured Suoyarvi on 2 December. After capturing Suoyarvi, <mask> sent his 155th Rifle Division towards Ilomantsi and the 139th Rifle Division towards Tolvajärvi and Korpiselka.The 155th Rifle Division was stopped by Finish counterattacks in the Mohko-Oinassalmi area. The 56th Rifle Division, after the capture of Suoyarvi, attacked the Finnish positions on the Kollaa and was unable to break through. The 139th Rifle Division fought in the Battle of Tolvajärvi on 12 December and retreated after the battle. On the next day, <mask> was replaced by Dmitry Kozlov and transferred to the reserve. In June 1940, <mask> was appointed head of combat training for the Leningrad Military District. He was promoted to Major General on 4 June. In March 1941, he became commander of the 42nd Rifle Corps.After the German invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June, the corps became part of the 14th Army. It fought in the defense of Murmansk during Operation Silver Fox. On 24 August 1941, <mask> became commander of the 14th Army, leading it in the defense of Murmansk. He was considered incompetent by Murmansk CPSU Regional Committee First Secretary and 14th Army Military Council member Maxim Starostin and later appointed commander of the 2nd Reserve Army in May 1942. In August 1942 <mask> became a senior lecturer at the Frunze Military Academy. In February 1943, he was appointed chief of combat training for the Volkhov Front. <mask> became commander of the 7th Rifle Corps of the 59th Army in September, leading it in the Leningrad–Novgorod Offensive and the capture of Novgorod.For his leadership in the offensive <mask> was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 2nd class on 21 February 1944. Between April and May 1944 he was commander of the 99th Rifle Corps of the 3rd Baltic Front. In May, <mask> was at the disposal of the chief of staff. In June he visited the 3rd Belorussian Front with Aleksandr Vasilevsky. One month later he became deputy commander of the 5th Army, participating in Operation Bagration and the East Prussian Offensive. In February 1945, he was hospitalized and from May 1945 was again at the disposal of the chief of staff. Postwar
After the war <mask> became head of a course at the Frunze Military Academy.He retired in 1949 and died in Moscow on 1 June 1949. He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery. Notes

References

External links
 Biography at generals.dk

1897 births
1949 deaths
Soviet major generals
People from Saint Petersburg
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Russian military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 2nd class

masks:
Roman Ivanovich Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin
Panin


texts:
<mask> (born 17 October 1974) is an English actor who has appeared in film, television, and theatre. He is known for his performance as Mr. Darcy in Joe Wright's Pride & Prejudice (2005), and Daniel in the Frank Oz comedy Death at a Funeral. He also portrayed John Birt in the political drama Frost/Nixon and Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in the BBC series Ripper Street. In June 2010, Macfadyen won the British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work on Criminal Justice. Since 2018, Macfadyen has appeared as Tom Wambsgans in the HBO drama series Succession. For this role, he received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2020. Early life
Macfadyen was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, the son of Meinir (née Owen), a drama teacher and former actress, and <mask>, an oil engineer.His paternal grandparents were Scottish and his maternal grandparents were Welsh. Macfadyen was brought up in a number of places, including Jakarta, Indonesia, as a result of his father's occupation. He attended schools in England (including in Louth, Lincolnshire), Scotland and Indonesia, and went to Oakham School in Rutland, before being accepted to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art at 17. As a student, he was inspired by Ingmar Bergman's Fanny and Alexander, which he thought was "[a]n example to follow – an example of people acting with each other...", and which "[f]eatured just the most extraordinary acting I'd ever seen". Career

After having studied at the RADA from 1992 to 1995, Macfadyen became known in British theatre primarily for his work with the stage company Cheek by Jowl, for which he played Antonio in The Duchess of Malfi, Charles Surface in The School for Scandal, and Benedick in Much Ado About Nothing. His Benedick was played as an officer-class buffoon with a moustache and a braying laugh. In 2005, he played Prince Hal in Henry IV, Parts One and Two at the Royal National Theatre, with Michael Gambon in the role of Falstaff.In 2007, he returned to the stage, portraying an American, Clay, a stay-at-home father with a liberal attitude in the play The Pain and the Itch. A TV breakthrough came when he appeared as Hareton Earnshaw in an adaptation of Wuthering Heights, screened on the ITV network in 1998. Further television drama work followed, including starring roles in the dramas Warriors (1999) and The Way We Live Now (2001), both for the BBC. Also in 2001, he earned acclaim for his starring role in the BBC Two drama serial Perfect Strangers, which was written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff. In 2002, he starred in The Project, a BBC drama charting New Labour's rise to power. He starred in Spooks, which became a success when screened on BBC One. A longer second season was screened in 2003, and a third season was broadcast in autumn 2004, with him leaving the series in the second episode.The series was aired as MI-5 on the A&E Network. In 2007 he appeared in the one-off Channel 4 drama Secret Life, which dealt with paedophilia. Macfadyen won the Best Actor award at the Royal Television Society 2007 Awards for this part, and was nominated for a BAFTA. He also appeared in a short sketch for Comic Relief as the bridegroom in Mr. Bean's Wedding, alongside Rowan Atkinson and Michelle Ryan. Macfadyen appeared in films including Enigma (released in 2001), and In My Father's Den, for which he received the New Zealand Screen Award for Best Actor. He starred as the romantic lead Fitzwilliam Darcy in an adaptation of Pride and Prejudice, released in the UK in September 2005. Macfadyen starred in Frank Oz's Death at a Funeral and the film Incendiary, based on Chris Cleave's novel alongside Michelle Williams and Ewan McGregor.He also appeared in Ron Howard's film Frost/Nixon, in which he played John Birt. In 2008, he played the male lead Arthur Clennam in the BBC adaptation of Charles Dickens' Little Dorrit. In 2009 Macfadyen appeared alongside Academy Award-nominated actress Helena Bonham Carter in the BBC Four movie Enid, based on the life of Enid Blyton, as Hugh Pollock, Blyton's publisher and first husband. In 2010, he played the Sheriff of Nottingham in Robin Hood. He starred as Prior Philip in the TV serial The Pillars of the Earth, and was the middle-aged Logan Mountstuart in Any Human Heart. In June 2010, Macfadyen won a British Academy Television Award for Best Supporting Actor for his work in Criminal Justice. In 2011, Macfadyen made a final cameo in the BBC show Spooks, and in 2012, he played Oblonsky in Joe Wright's film, Anna Karenina.In December 2012 he began portraying Detective Inspector Edmund Reid in BBC One's Ripper Street. In 2013-14 he played Jeeves in the production of Jeeves and Wooster in Perfect Nonsense at the Duke of York's Theatre in the West End of London. The play won the 2014 Olivier award for Best New Comedy. In 2015 Amazon Prime picked up Ripper Street and, after good reviews, it was recommissioned for fourth and fifth seasons. Macfadyen said he was "delighted to be embarking on another dose of Ripper Streetblood and guts, pocket watches and Victorian headgear, wonderfully dark, moving and mysterious story lines from Mr Richard Wardlow". The series also aired in the U.S. on BBC America. Also in 2015, he guest starred in the pilot episode of The Last Kingdom.He currently stars as Tom Wambsgans in the HBO series Succession, for which he received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination. In 2020, he appeared in the role of Major Charles Ingram in a three-part ITV drama, Quiz, based on the controversial coughing cheat scandal on Who Wants To Be a Millionaire in 2001. Personal life

In 2002, Macfadyen began a relationship with his Spooks co-star Keeley Hawes. They were married in November 2004. The couple have two children. Macfadyen is stepfather to Hawes's son from her previous marriage. The couple are patrons of the Lace Market Theatre in Nottingham.Filmography

Film

Television

Radio

Documentary

Theatre

Awards and nominations

References

External links

BBC Drama Faces: <mask>en

1974 births
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award (television) winners
English male film actors
English people of Scottish descent
English people of Welsh descent
English male stage actors
English male Shakespearean actors
English male television actors
Living people
People educated at Oakham School
People from Great Yarmouth
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
Actors from Norfolk
Royal Shakespeare Company members

masks:
David Matthew Macfadyen
Martin Macfadyen
Matthew Macfady


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<mask> (born August 16, 1992) is an American professional baseball center fielder who is a free agent. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Texas Rangers from 2015 through 2019, the Cleveland Indians in 2020, and the Cincinnati Reds in 2021. He is the son of former MLB player <mask> and the brother of basketball player <mask>. Early life
DeShields, the eldest of his father's five children, was raised in the Atlanta area. He went to Woodward Academy, where he played both baseball and football. In his senior year at Woodward, he hit 9 home runs and batted .415, while stealing 29 bases. He was recruited by the Georgia Bulldogs and Ole Miss Rebels for football before deciding to pursue baseball instead.He was also recruited by the LSU Tigers for baseball, but they only committed a half-scholarship to him due to his desire to play professionally. Professional career

Houston Astros
The Houston Astros selected DeShields in the first round, with the eighth overall selection, of the 2010 MLB draft. The Astros signed DeShields for a $2.15 million signing bonus. Astros general manager Ed Wade stated his intention to send DeShields to the rookie-level Greeneville Astros of the Appalachian League once he was signed, with a transition to second baseman during the winter. In 2011, DeShields played 16 games for Greeneville and two for the GCL Astros. He also played for the Lexington Legends of the South Atlantic League, the Lancaster JetHawks of the California League, and the Corpus Christi Hooks of the Double-A Texas League. On April 18, 2014, DeShields was hit in the face by a  pitch.He suffered a non-displaced maxillary sinus fracture. Texas Rangers

At the 2014 Winter Meetings, the Texas Rangers selected <mask> from the Astros in the Rule 5 draft. <mask> made the Rangers' Opening Day roster. He recorded his first major league hit in the 8th inning on an infield single against Dan Otero of the Oakland Athletics on April 8. On June 3, 2015, <mask> was named American League Rookie of the Month for May after batting .296 for the month and scoring 22 runs. On August 14, he hit his first Major League home run against Tampa Bay. After the 2015 season, <mask> changed his uniform number from 7 to 3.After the completion of the 2015 season, <mask> finished in 7th place in the American League Rookie of the Year voting, with one third place vote. He was voted as the Texas Rangers' Rookie of the Year by fellow players and coaches. <mask> began the 2016 season as the Rangers' starting center fielder, but eventually lost his job to Ian Desmond for inconsistency and was demoted to the Triple-A Round Rock Express. <mask> finished the season with a .209 batting average, 4 home runs and 13 RBIs with 8 stolen bases in 74 games. Deshields made the 2017 Opening Day roster. On April 21, 2017, he hit a walk-off RBI single in the bottom of the 13th inning in a game against the Kansas City Royals. On March 31, 2018, DeShields experienced pain in his left hand after swinging.He was diagnosed with a broken hamate bone in the left hand, ruling him out for four to six weeks. DeShields ended the season with a .216 batting average with 2 home runs and 20 stolen bases. In 2019, he hit .249/.325/.347/.672 with 4 home runs, 32 RBI, and 24 stolen bases. Cleveland Indians
On December 15, 2019, the Rangers traded <mask> and Emmanuel Clase to the Cleveland Indians in exchange for Corey Kluber and cash considerations. Overall with the 2020 Cleveland Indians, DeShields batted .252 with no home runs and 7 RBIs in 37 games. On December 2, 2020, the Indians declined to tender DeShields a contract for the 2021 season, making him a free agent. Texas Rangers (second stint)
On February 1, 2021, <mask> signed a minor-league contract with the Texas Rangers organization and was invited to spring training.He was not added to the 40-man roster, and was assigned to the Triple-A Round Rock Express. DeShields played in 66 games for Round Rock, hitting .263 with 5 home runs and 18 RBI's, while also stealing 16 bases. Boston Red Sox
On August 5, 2021, <mask> was traded to the Boston Red Sox in exchange for cash considerations. He was assigned to the Triple-A Worcester Red Sox. DeShields played in 18 games for Triple-A Worcester, hitting .210 with one home run and four RBIs. Cincinnati Reds
On August 31, 2021, <mask> was traded to the Cincinnati Reds in exchange for cash considerations. He was assigned to the Triple-A Louisville Bats.The following day, the Reds selected DeShields' contract. DeShields played in 25 games for the Reds, hitting .255 with 1 home run and 6 RBI's. On October 11, DeShields rejected his outright assignment and elected free agency. Awards
For the 2018 season, DeShields received the Texas Rangers' Harold McKinney Good Guy Award as voted by the Dallas–Fort Worth Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) chapter. Personal life
DeShields is the son of former MLB player <mask> DeShields. His sister, Diamond DeShields, is a professional basketball player in the WNBA. In addition to Diamond, DeShields has a brother, another sister and a paternal half-sister.DeShields was arrested and charged with driving under the influence, possession of alcohol by a minor and a traffic violation in Georgia on January 16, 2011. He was released on $2,500 bail and charged with the three misdemeanors. On July 3, 2020, it was announced that DeShields had tested positive for COVID-19. Notes

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Sportspeople from College Park, Georgia
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Major League Baseball center fielders
Texas Rangers players
Cleveland Indians players
Cincinnati Reds players
Greeneville Astros players
Gulf Coast Astros players
Lexington Legends players
Lancaster JetHawks players
Peoria Javelinas players
Corpus Christi Hooks players
Round Rock Express players
Nashville Sounds players
Worcester Red Sox players
Woodward Academy alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Delino Diaab DeShields
Delino DeShis
Diamond DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
DeShields
Delino


texts:
<mask> or <mask> (, born 23 August 1961) is an Iranian conservative politician and former military officer who held office as the Mayor of Tehran from 2005 to 2017. <mask> was formerly Iran's Chief of police from 2000 to 2005 and commander of the Revolutionary Guards' Air Force from 1997 to 2000. He holds a Ph.D. in political geography from Tarbiat Modares University. He is also a pilot, certified to fly certain Airbus aircraft. He began his military career during the Iran–Iraq War in 1980. He became chief commander of the Imam Reza Brigade in 1982 and was chief commander of Nasr Division from 1983 to 1984. After the end of the war, he became Managing-Director of Khatam al-Anbia, an engineering firm controlled by the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and was appointed as commander of the IRGC Air Force in 1996 by Ali Khamenei.Four years later, he became chief of the Iranian Police Forces after the previous commander was dismissed following the 1999 student protests. He was also appointed as Representative of President <mask> during a campaign to combat smuggling in 2002. In September 2005, he was elected as Tehran's mayor by the City Council of Tehran. He is also a professor at the University of Tehran. <mask> is often regarded a perennial candidate in the presidential elections. He was a candidate in the 2013 presidential election but lost to Hassan Rouhani, in second place with 6,077,292 of the votes. He was also a candidate in the 2005 presidential election.He announced his run for a third time in the 2017 election. However, he withdrew on 15 May 2017 in favor of Ebrahim Raisi's candidacy. In the 2020 Iranian legislative election, the Principlists regained the majority in the legislature, and <mask> was elected as the new Speaker of Iran Parliament. Personal life
Ghalibaf was born on 23 August 1961 in Torqabeh, near Mashhad, in the province of Razavi Khorasan to an Iranian Kurdish father Hossein Ghalibaf and an ethnic Persian mother Kheirolnessa Boujmehrani, somewhat reflecting the diverse make up of the border province. Ghalibaf married Zahra Sadat Moshir in 1982 when he was twenty two years old. Moshir (born 1968) joined her husband as an adviser and head of Women's affairs in the Municipality of Tehran. Education
Ghalibaf obtained bachelor in human geography from Tehran University, master in human geography from Islamic Azad University and PhD in political geography from Tarbiat Modares University.Military career

At the age of 19, he was one of the commanders of the defense forces during the Iran–Iraq War. Shortly afterwards he was named commander of the Rasulollah division. By the time he was twenty-two, he was already commander of the Nasr Troops. After the war he was selected as Deputy Commander of the Resistance Force and Basij Troops under General Afshar. Ghalibaf received the degree of Major General in 1996 after he had completed a master's degree in geopolitics. In 1998, when Mohsen Rezaei retired and Yahya Rahim Safavi took over as IRGC's new commander-in-chief, he was named Commander of Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Ghalibaf became one of the senior commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in later years.In 1984, he was appointed head of the Khatam al-Anbia Construction Headquarters, which is the engineering arm of the IRGC. Under his management, the headquarters launched a 165-kilometer railway connecting Mashhad to Sarakhs. As commander of the Revolutionary Guards Air Force during the 1999 student protests, <mask> was one of the 24 IRGC commanders who sent a threatening letter to the reformist president <mask> stating that if the protests were allowed to continue, they would take matters into their own hands. Police career

Following the 1999 protests, he was appointed as chief of the Iranian Police Forces by the Supreme Leader of Iran, Ali Khamenei, to succeed General Hedayat Lotfian who was removed from his office during the violence. After becoming chief of police, Ghalibaf initiated some reforms in the forces, including dropping all lawsuits against newspapers, modernization of police equipment and the Police 110 project, which aimed to make the police more accessible to the general public. On 5 April 2005, <mask> submitted his resignation from the military positions (including the police forces) due to his intention to run for the presidency of Iran. Mayor of Tehran

When Ghalibaf lost the 2005 election, he was proposed as Mayor of Tehran along with <mask> and <mask> Najafi.On 4 September 2005, he was elected as the next Mayor by the City Council of Tehran to succeed Mahmoud Ahmadinejad who left the office after being elected president. He received 8 out of 15 votes of the council. He was reelected for a second term on 2007 after receiving 12 votes with no opponent. According to Bloomberg, he has used his position as mayor "to foster a reputation as a politician who gets things done." Ghalibaf seek for reelection as Mayor of Tehran as the Conservative's choice in the 2013 local elections. His rivals were Mohsen Hashemi Rafsanjani, Masoumeh Ebtekar, Ali Nikzad and Mohsen Mehralizadeh. He was elected as Mayor for another term on 8 September 2013 after defeating Hashemi in a runoff with 51.6% of the votes.Presidential campaigns

2005 presidential election
<mask> was a candidate in the Iranian presidential election of 2005, and was being considered to be supported by some factions of the conservative alliance because of his popularity with both wings. However, in the final days before the election, the major support went to Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. <mask> came fourth in the election. He made a populist appeal during the campaigns. On 13 October 2008, he announced his support for dialogue with the United States as suggested by President (then presidential candidate) Barack Obama. According to Ghalibaf, "the world community, the Iranian society and the US society would benefit" from such talks. 2013 presidential election
<mask> did not run for presidency in the elections in 2009.His adviser announced that he would take part in the presidential elections in June 2013 and he officially announced this on 16 July 2012. In his speech during the announcement of his candidacy, he said:

“That's two things I still stand on and would seriously consider, first: the Constitution and second: respect the prisoners and detainees." He also set Love and Sacrifice and Jihadi Change as his official slogans. His candidacy was approved by the Guardian Council on 21 May 2013 along with seven other candidates. He was one of the opponents of Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's candidacy and says it was better that Rafsanjani not enter the race, as he had served two terms before. He and two other candidates, Ali Akbar Velayati and Gholam-Ali Haddad-Adel, formed a coalition called "2+1". He was endorsed by former candidates, Alireza Ali Ahmadi and Sadeq Vaeez Zadeh.Ali Larijani, the current chairman of parliament, also supported Ghalibaf in the election. According to the Guardian, his moderating streak as Tehran's mayor is evident throughout Ghalibaf's political efforts. Ghalibaf received 6,077,292 votes (16.55%), putting him in second place behind winner Hassan Rouhani, who was elected as the new president. Hours after the announcement of the results, Ghalibaf published a statement congratulating Hassan Rouhani on his election as President of Iran and conceding. 2017 presidential election

Electoral history

Party affiliation
<mask> is regarded the spiritual leader behind Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran and Iranian Islamic Freedom Party. He is a member of the political alliance Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces. Accolades
 World Mayor: 8th place (2008)
 Sustainable Transport Award: 2nd place (2011)

References

External links

<mask> Ghalibad on Ponishare

1961 births
Living people
Tarbiat Modares University alumni
People from Mashhad
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps brigadier generals
Mayors of Tehran
Candidates for President of Iran
Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps personnel of the Iran–Iraq War
Iranian people of Kurdish descent
Iranian Kurdish politicians
Progress and Justice Population of Islamic Iran politicians
Iranian news website owners (people)
Populism in Iran
Spiritual leaders of political parties in Iran
Popular Front of Islamic Revolution Forces politicians
Iranian police chiefs
Speakers of the Islamic Consultative Assembly

masks:
Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf
Ghalibaf
Mohammad Khatami
Ghalibaf
Ghalibaf
Ghalibaf
Mohammad Khatami
Ghalibaf
Mohammad Aliabadi
Mohammad Ali
Ghalibaf
Ghalibaf
Ghalibaf
Ghalibaf
Mohammad Bagher


texts:
<mask> (21 July 1936 – ) was a rugby union footballer of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s who played Rugby Union (RU) for Bradford RFC, Keighley RUFC Northern Command and Army Rugby Union, playing at Prop, i.e. number 1 or 3, and representative level Rugby Union (RU) for Yorkshire, and North Eastern counties. Early life

<mask> was born on 21 July 1936 at 20 Nell Lane in Withington, a suburb of Manchester where his rugby-playing father, also named <mask> and originally from Cardiff, had turned professional on 18 September 1935 with Broughton Rangers Rugby league Club who paid £100 for him to turn professional. Of which £90 was to buy him out of the Army leaving him £10 to start a new life in Manchester with his young family. Franks new club provided him with a job as a zookeeper at Belle Vue Zoological Gardens where Rangers played on the Belle Vue Stadium inside the Motorcycle Speedway track. At this time Belle Vue was the Leisure Centre for the North West of England. When <mask> senior was signed by Bradford Northern for a world record fee in 1938, the family crossed the Pennines.<mask> senior, a huge man with a matching presence on the field retired from the game in 1949 after an illustrious rugby career. After moving to Bradford the family lived at 109 Wibsey Park Avenue close to the Odsal Stadium home of Bradford Northern. <mask> attended Buttershaw St Paul's Church of England Primary School and later, after passing his 11-plus, Grange Boys' Grammar School. After leaving school he began an electrical apprenticeship before being called up for National Service. Rugby career Bradford RFC

<mask> (329 Appearances) and his brother <mask> (174 Appearances) went on to give long and loyal service to Bradford Rugby Football Club. They began their rugby careers with Sedbergh Boys' Club playing junior Rugby League. The club was based near to their home in Wibsey, Bradford, before switching to Bradford RFC.Under the guidance of the Bradford RFC second team captain, David Firth, both settled quickly to the union game and soon broke into the First Team. <mask> making his first appearance for the 1st team at 16 years, like his father before him as a prop forward, Brian made the 1st team age 17 as a back row forward. <mask> became part of a formidable front row with Peter Crowther at hooker and Peter Harrison at tight head prop the trio went on to play for Bradford together 12 years. <mask> captained Bradford for two seasons and played in their Yorkshire Cup winning side of 1966 against Harrogate at Cross Green, Otley in 1966 under the captaincy of Mike Dixon. Playing for Bradford – who had fixtures in London against the likes of Wasps and the Midlands including Coventry & Leicester Tigers – meant he was often away much of Saturday evening, the busiest time of the week at the Airedale Heifer, so he decided to play instead for Keighley RUFC a club he later captained. When his playing days were over in the first team he took over the second team captaincy for several seasons, ensuring the next generation of players knew how to do it the right way. <mask> was a life member at Keighley Rugby Club.Most Bradford RFC appearances

Peter V Crowther 414
– Mike Dixon 369
– <mask> <mask> 329
– Jim Golby 318
– Phil Carter 255
– David S Lightowler 275
– Roger Pickering 255
– Geoff Cooke 244
– Foss Howard 235. Representative honours
<mask> was the youngest player to play for Yorkshire, making his debut for the county as a prop forward at the age of 17. He went on to make 31 appearances for Yorkshire in the County Championship, including the County Championship Final of 1963 which Yorkshire lost in the last minutes 13 – 10 to Warwickshire at Coundon Road, Coventry. The Yorkshire side was captained by Bradford's Colin Heighton. In the same year he was named as a reserve for the England final trial at Twickenham. He represented the North Eastern Counties against Wilson Whineray's 5th New Zealand All Blacks team on their tour of Britain at the Great Yorkshire Show grounds Harrogate on 11 January 1964, a game the North Eastern Counties lost by 11–17. <mask> also played in Bradford's Yorkshire Cup winning team of 1966 in their 8–3 victory over Harrogate at Cross Green, Otley.<mask> did his national service and served with the Royal Corps of Signals who had an outstanding rugby team at this time. Here he represented the Army Rugby Union for a full season and was selected for his first cap against the Royal Navy at Twickenham. However, due to the death of his father he was unable to take his place in the Army team. Captain's gesture

Yorkshire Cup 1966. The team spirit that enabled Bradford to beat Harrogate in the Yorkshire Cup final at Otley was demonstrated when Mike Dixon and <mask> went up together at the end of the match to receive the trophy. <mask> the club's captain had been out of action for a good part of the season through injury and during his absence Dixon had taken over the leadership. So well did Bradford play that when <mask> returned from injury he insisted that Dixon should continue as captain and it was Dixon who last night led the side in their first cup final triumph for 41 years.With an equally sporting gesture Dixon insisted that <mask> should share with him the honour of receiving the cup. Notable relatives

<mask> <mask> was the son of the Bradford Northern and Great Britain rugby league footballer; <mask>. His uncle, <mask> was an association footballer for Cardiff City and baseball captain for Wales His son is the rugby union prop for England 'B' and Leicester Tigers, <mask>. <mask> <mask> was son-in-law to the former Keighley rugby league scrum half Thomas Cockcroft and brother-in-law to the former Keighley winger William Cockcroft. <mask> <mask> was the grandfather rugby union prop for England (Under-20s) and Leicester Tigers (2019/20 Development Squad); James William <mask> (born ). Life after rugby

Following the death of his father on 17 January 1958, <mask> was discharged from the army on compassionate grounds to allow him to help run the family business "The Airedale Heifer" public house at Sandbeds, Keighley, along with his mother and Mollie. <mask> married Mollie Cockcroft at Holy Trinity Church, Lawkholme in Keighley, on 24 January 1961.Trevor Foster MBE took the place of <mask>'s father at the wedding. A popular stop-off for many rugby friends and rugby supporters which the family ran successfully for nearly 30 years until <mask> and Mollie moved on in 1981 to live in East Morton. <mask> devoted his time after retirement to his family and walking in the Yorkshire Dales. <mask> died at his home in East Morton aged 73 after a short illness. At his funeral there was standing room only in the village church, St Lukes. Among <mask>'s pallbearers was his former Yorkshire prop forward and teammate Rodney Childs. Mr Dean Richards MBE read the Eulogy to <mask>'s life .A week prior to his death, <mask> was on the touchline supporting Keighley RUFC

Honoured at Keighley RUFC

<mask> joined Keighley RUFC in season 1967–68, taking over from E D Thomas as 1st team Captain. <mask> Captained Keighley 1st team for the next four seasons until 1970–71. At the beginning of the 1971 season, <mask> took on the vice captain's job in support of the new club captain Kevin McGee; he continued in this job for the next three seasons. <mask> then held the position of honorary trainer from 1974 until 1977 before handing over to John Longbottom. <mask> was a life member at Keighley rugby club

Following his retirement from the rugby, <mask> turned to coaching the Keighley Colts, the club's U19 side a position he held for over 15 years. When he finally stepped down from coaching, he continued as a regular supporter on the touchline at Keighley RUFC. On 29 August 2010 the main stand was named the "<mask> Stand" as a tribute to <mask>'s hard work at the club over many years, especially with the young players at Keighley RUFC.A game took place between Keighley RUFC and Skipton RFC, coached by his son Martin, after which Mrs Mollie <mask>, <mask>'s widow, after a short ceremony officially named the stand. References

The Whitcombe Family Archive
Bradford RFC Rugby Centenary Book 1866/1966
Mclean, Terry – Willie Away – Wilson Whineray's All Blacks of 1963/64
Mulligan, Andrew – All Blacks Tour 1963/64

External links
http://www.keighleynews.co.uk/sport/4645299.<mask>_jnr_dies_aged_73/
http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/8330683.Keighley_pay_tribute_to_stalwart_Whitcombe/?ref=rss
http://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/sport/rugbyunion/rugbyunionbees/9032383.Former_Bees_president_Harrison_dies_aged_75/

1936 births
2009 deaths
20th-century British Army personnel
Army rugby union players
Bradford RFC players
British publicans
English rugby union players
People from Withington
Royal Corps of Signals soldiers
Rugby union players from Manchester
Rugby union props
Yorkshire County RFU players

masks:
Frank William Whitcombe
Frank
Frank
Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe
Frank
Frank Whitcombe
Brian Whitcombe
Frank
Frank
Frank
Frank
Frank W
Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe
Frank
Frank
Frank Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe
Jr
Frank Whitcombe
George Whitcombe
Martin Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe
Jr
Frank Whitcombe
Jr
Whitcombe
Frank
Whitcombe
Frank
Frank
Frank
Whitcombe
Frank
Frank Whitcombe
Frank
Frank Whitcombe
Frank
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Frank Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Whitcombe
Frank
Frank Whitcombe