texts:
<mask> "S.J.<mask> (February 1, 1904 – October 17, 1979) was an American humorist and screenwriter. He is best known for his humorous short pieces written over many years for The New Yorker. He also wrote for several other magazines, including Judge, as well as books, scripts, and screenplays. Perelman received an Academy Award for screenwriting in 1956. Life and career
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, the only son of <mask> and <mask>, who moved from one failed business to another until they found themselves raising chickens on a farm and running a dry-goods store in Providence, Rhode Island. He attended the Candace Street Grammar School and Classical High School in Providence, Rhode Island.He entered Brown University in 1921, where he became editor of the campus humor magazine The Brown Jug in 1924. Perelman dropped out of Brown and moved to Greenwich Village in New York. Perelman wrote many brief, humorous descriptions of his travels for various magazines, and of his travails on his Pennsylvania farm, all of which were collected into books. (A few were illustrated by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld, who accompanied Perelman on the round-the-world trip recounted in Westward Ha!.) <mask> is highly regarded for his humorous short pieces that he published in magazines in the 1930s and 1940s, most often in The New Yorker. For these, he is considered the first surrealist humor writer of the United States. In these numerous brief sketches he pioneered a new and unique style, using parody to "wring every drop of false feeling or slovenly thinking."They were infused with a sense of ridicule, irony, and wryness and frequently used his own misadventures as their theme. Perelman chose to describe these pieces as feuilletons — a French literary term meaning "literary or scientific articles; serial stories" (literally "little leaves") — and he defined himself as a feuilletoniste. <mask>'s only attempt at a conventional novel (Parlor, Bedlam and Bath, written in collaboration with Q.J. Reynolds) was unsuccessful, and throughout his life he was resentful that authors who wrote in the full-length form of novels received more literary respect (and financial success) than short-form authors like himself even as he openly admired British humorist P.G. Wodehouse. While many believe Dawn Ginsbergh's Revenge to be a novel, it is actually his first collection of humorous pieces, many written while he was a student at Brown. It is largely considered juvenilia , and its pieces were never included in future Perelman collections.The tone of Perelman's feuilletons was very different from those sketches of the inept "little man" struggling to cope with life that <mask> and other New Yorker writers of the era frequently produced. Yet his references to himself were typically wittily self-deprecatory—as for example, "before they made S.J. Perelman, they broke the mold." Sometimes he gleaned an apparently off-hand phrase from a newspaper article or magazine advertisement and then write a brief, satiric play or sketch inspired by that phrase. A typical example is his 1950s work "No Starch in the Dhoti, S'il Vous Plait." Beginning with an off-hand phrase in a New York Times Magazine article ("...the late Pandit Motilal Nehru—who sent his laundry to Paris—the young <mask>'s British nurse etc. etc....), Perelman composed a series of imaginary letters that might have been exchanged in 1903 between an angry Pandit Nehru in India and a sly Parisian laundryman about the condition of his laundered underwear. In other sketches, Perelman satirized popular magazines or story genres of his day. In "Somewhere a Roscoe," he pokes fun at the "purple prose" writing style of 1930s pulp magazines such as Spicy Detective. In "Swing Out, Sweet Chariot," he examines the silliness of the "jive language" found in The Jitterbug, a teen magazine with stories inspired by the 1930s Swing dance craze. Perelman voraciously read magazines to find new material for his sketches. (He often referred to the magazines as "Sauce for the gander.") Perelman also occasionally used a form of word play that was, apparently, unique to him.He would take a common word or phrase and change its meaning completely within the context of what he was writing, generally in the direction of the ridiculous. In Westward Ha!, for instance, he writes: "The homeward-bound Americans were as merry as grigs (the Southern Railway had considerately furnished a box of grigs for purposes of comparison)". Another classic Perelman pun is "I've got Bright's Disease and he's got mine". He also wrote a notable series of sketches called Cloudland Revisited in which he gives acid (and disillusioned) descriptions of recent viewings of movies (and recent re-readings of novels) that had enthralled him as a youth in Providence, Rhode Island, later as a student at Brown University, and then while a struggling comic artist in Greenwich Village. A number of his works were set in Hollywood and in various places around the world. He stated that as a young man he was heavily influenced by <mask> and Flann O'Brien, particularly his wordplay, obscure words and references, metaphors, irony, parody, paradox, symbols, free associations, clang associations, non-sequiturs, and sense of the ridiculous. All these elements infused Perelman's writings but his style was precise, clear, and the very opposite of Joycean stream of consciousness.Perelman dryly admitted to having been such a Ring Lardner thief that he should have been arrested. Woody Allen has in turn admitted to being influenced by Perelman and recently has written tributes in very much the same style. The two once happened to have dinner at the same restaurant, and when the elder humorist sent his compliments, the younger comedian mistook it for a joke. Authors that admired Perelman's ingenious style included T.S. Eliot and W<mask> Maugham. Frank Muir, a British expert on comic writing, lauded Perelman as the best American comic author of all time in his Oxford Book of Humorous Prose. Humorist Garrison Keillor has declared his admiration for Perelman's writing.Keillor's "<mask>, Arts Administrator" is a parody of Perelman's classic "Farewell, My Lovely Appetizer", itself a parody of the Raymond Chandler school of tough, amorous 'private-eye' crime fiction. Irish comedian and actor Dylan Moran listed Perelman as a major influence in his December 13, 2012 interview on the WTF with Marc Maron podcast (episode 343). Broadway and film
Perelman wrote at least five original plays produced on Broadway from 1932 to 1963, two as collaborators with his wife Laura. The first was the musical revue Walk a Little Faster, which opened in December 1932. With Ogden Nash, he wrote the book for the musical One Touch of Venus (music by Kurt Weill, lyrics by Nash), which opened on Broadway in 1943 and ran for more than 500 performances. His final play The Beauty Part (1962), which starred Bert Lahr in multiple roles, fared less well, its short run attributed in part to the 114-day 1962 New York City newspaper strike. In cinema, Perelman is noted for co-writing scripts for the Marx Brothers films Monkey Business (1931) and Horse Feathers (1932), and for the Academy Award-winning screenplay Around the World in 80 Days (1956).Along with his explicit credits, <mask> and Laura West Perelman worked as contract screenwriters for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and made uncredited contributions for films such as Sweethearts (1938). His official credits include:

 Monkey Business (1931)
 Horse Feathers (1932)
 Hold 'Em Jail (1932)
 Sitting Pretty (1933)
 Paris Interlude (1934)
 Florida Special (1936)
 Early to Bed (1936)
 Ambush (1939)
 Boy Trouble (1939)
 The Golden Fleecing (1940)
 One Touch of Venus (1948)
 Larceny, Inc. (1942) based on the Perelmans' Broadway play The Night Before Christmas
 Around the World in 80 Days (1956)
 Aladdin (1958), produced for television and featuring the final score written by Cole Porter

Personal life
Perelman's personal life was difficult. In 1929 at the age of 25 he married the 18-year-old sister of his school friend Nathanael West, Laura West (née Lorraine Weinstein). The two worked as writing collaborators on the 1935 play All Good Americans, produced on Broadway, and both were signed by Irving Thalberg as contract screenwriters for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer the same year. They remained married until Laura's death in 1970. Perelman did not remarry. The marriage was strained from the start because of his innumerable affairs (notably with Leila Hadley).Perelman reportedly regarded children as a nuisance. His son Adam (born in 1936) committed several robberies in the mid-1950s, was accused of attempted rape, and ended up in a reformatory for wayward boys. The two things that brought Perelman happiness were his MG automobile and a mynah bird, both of which he pampered like babies. His Anglophilia turned rather sour when late in his life he (temporarily) relocated to England. He returned to New York in 1972, having concluded that "English life, while very pleasant, is rather bland. I expected kindness and gentility and I found it, but there is such a thing as too much couth." Perelman had a problematic relationship with Groucho Marx, who once said of the writer, "I hated the son of a bitch, and he had a head as big as my desk."In the later years of Perelman's career, he bristled at being identified as a writer of Marx Brothers material, insisting that his publishers omit any mention of it in publicity material. Cultural influence
Perelman was indirectly responsible for the success of <mask>'s novel Catch-22. When first published, this novel received lukewarm reviews and indifferent sales. A few months later, Perelman was interviewed for a national publication. The interviewer asked Perelman if he had read anything funny lately. Perelman—a man not noted for generosity with his praise—went to considerable lengths to commend Catch-22. After the interview was published, sales of Heller's novel skyrocketed.Perelman picked up plenty of pungent expressions from Yiddish and liberally sprinkled his prose with these phrases, thus paving the way for the likes of Philip Roth. The phrase "crazy like a fox" gained popularity after Perelman used it as a book title in 1944. Bibliography

Books by <mask>. Perelman
Dawn Ginsbergh's Revenge (1929)
Parlor, Bedlam and Bath (with Quentin Reynolds) (1930)
Strictly from Hunger (1937)
Look Who's Talking! (1940)
The Dream Department (1943)
Crazy Like a Fox (1944)
Keep It Crisp (1946)
Acres and Pains (1947)
The Best of S.J. Perelman (1947)
Westward Ha! (1948)
Listen to the Mockingbird (1949)
The Swiss Family Perelman (1950)
A Child's Garden of Curses (UK) (1951)
The Ill-Tempered Clavichord (1952)
Hold that Christmas Tiger (UK) (1954)
Perelman's Home Companion (1955)
The Road to Miltown or Under the Spreading Atrophy (1957)
Bite on the Bullet (UK title for Road to Miltown)(1957)
The Most of S.J.Perelman (collection of re-printed pieces) (1958)
The Rising Gorge (1961)
The Beauty Part (1961)
Chicken Inspector No. 23 (1966)
Baby, It's Cold Inside (1970)
Vinegar Puss (1975)
Eastward Ha! (1977)
The Last Laugh (1981)
That Old Gang o' Mine (1984)
Don't Tread on Me: Selected Letters of <mask>. <mask> (1987)
Conversations with <mask><mask> (1995)
The World of S.J. Perelman (UK reprinted pieces) (2000)
Writings (Library of America)(2021)

Books about S.J. Perelman
 Fowler, Douglas.S.J. Perelman. Twayne Publishers, (1983). Gale, <mask>. <mask>. Perelman A Critical Study. Greenwood Press, (1987). Hermann, Dorothy.<mask><mask> – A Life. G. P. Putnam's Sons, (1986). Lister, Eric. Don't Mention the Marx Brothers: Reminiscences of <mask><mask> (UK)(1985)
 Wilk, Max. And Did You Once See <mask>?A Random Memoir of <mask><mask>. (1986)

Humor pieces

References

External links

 Some information about Perelman
 A vitriolic but amusing review of Perelman's career and alleged demise. "That Old Feeling: Perelmania" — A celebratory essay regarding Perelman
 Encyclopedia Brunoniana entry on Perelman

1904 births
1979 deaths
Jewish American screenwriters
American humorists
American satirists
Brown University alumni
Writers from Brooklyn
American male screenwriters
The New Yorker people
Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award winners
American male non-fiction writers
Screenwriters from New York (state)
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters
Classical High School alumni
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Sidney Joseph
" Perelman
Perelman
Joseph
Sophie Perelman
Perelman
Perelman
James Thurber
Jawaharlal
James Joyce
. Somerset
Jack Schmidt
Perelman
Joseph Heller
S J
S J
Perelman
S J
. Perelman
Steven H
S J
S J
. Perelman
S J
. Perelman
Sidney Plain
S J
. Perelman


type: original

texts:
<mask> (February 26, 1952 – March 10, 2009) was a lawyer with a list of celebrity clients including Mel Gibson and David Lynch who gained attention in the field of archaeology for what at the time was thought to be the discovery of the ancient city of Ubar. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Philadelphia on February 26, 1952, and attended the University of Pennsylvania there, where he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in the classics. After graduating in 1975, he went to Greece to attend the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, where he did a fellowship. Law career
Returning to the United States, he attended the University of Southern California Law School where he earned a degree in law in 1978. He clerked for a judge on the United States District Court for the Central District of California following graduation. Thereafter, he joined the firm of Kaplan, Livingston, Goodwin, Berkowitz & Selwin before going off on his own, establishing the firm of Hedges & Caldwell in 1988. He was hired to join the Quinn Emanuel (now Quinn Emanuel Urquhart & Sullivan) law firm, as part of its effort to increase its Hollywood presence.An active Hollywood lawyer, <mask> listed one of his favorite cases as one that allowed super-agent Ed Limato, a partner and co-president at International Creative Management, to leave the firm and take clients including Richard Gere, Mel Gibson, Steve Martin and Denzel Washington, despite a non-compete clause that would have prevented him from staying in the business. He obtained a $6.5-million judgment for director David Lynch against CiBy 2000 for an unreleased film. <mask> worked for 20 years on a pro bono basis on behalf of Adam Miranda, who had been given the death sentence after being convicted of two murders. Arguing that a confession to one of the murders had been withheld by the prosecution, the California Supreme Court decided in May 2008 to overturn the death sentence and change it to life in prison. An editorial in the Los Angeles Times credited <mask> for his persistence in finding the evidence that another man had confessed to the murder that had been used to justify the death penalty for Miranda, lamenting the fact that "Most of the 669 people on San Quentin's death row aren't nearly as lucky". Los Angeles named him a "California Super Lawyer" and The Hollywood Reporter selected him for its list of the Top 100 Power Lawyers. Search for Ubar
After a conversation with filmmaker Nicholas Clapp, <mask> learned about the lost city of Ubar, a major hub in the ancient trade of frankincense over 3,000 years ago.Clapp's training in the classics and knowledge of archaeology led him to become involved in the quest to find a place that many had unsuccessfully searched for before and that many thought didn't exist. The two worked together with Jet Propulsion Laboratory scientists Ronald Blom and Charles Elachi, who were able to locate NASA photographs that showed traces of trade routes used by caravans in southern Oman. The locations where these routes intersected were identified as locations to be investigated as sites of Ubar. Together with archaeologist Juris Zarins of Southwest Missouri State University, they traveled to Oman and found a site near a present-day settlement of Shisr in the Rub' al Khali in early 1991. Excavating beneath an ancient fort, they found a limestone cavern into which the fort collapsed after an earthquake. Later in 1996 <mask>, along with Juris Zarins and Ronald Blom, founded The Archeology Fund which contains a large quantity of information about the Dhofar region, Trade Routes, and many other related subjects to their work at the Shisr Site. The website comes complete with reference materials from the members and a wealth of photos taken of the Dhofar Region.Zarins later concluded that Shisr did not represent a city called Ubar. In a 1996 interview on the subject of Ubar, he said:

In a more recent paper he suggested that modern Habarut may be the site of Ubar. By 2007, following further research and excavation, their findings could be summarised as follows:

 A long period of widespread trade through the area of Shisr was indicated by artefacts from Persia, Rome, and Greece being found on the site. More recent work in Oman and Yemen indicated that this fortress was the easternmost remains of a series of desert caravanserais that supported incense trade. As far as the legend of Ubar was concerned, there was no evidence that the city had perished in a sandstorm. Much of the fortress had collapsed into a sinkhole that hosted the well, perhaps undermined by ground water being taken to irrigate the surrounding oasis. Rather than being a city, interpretation of the evidence suggested that “Ubar” was more likely to have been a region—the “Land of the Iobaritae” identified by Ptolemy.The decline of the region was probably due to a reduction in the frankincense trade caused by the conversion of the Roman Empire to Christianity, which did not require incense in the same quantities for its rituals. Also, it became difficult to find local labour to collect the resin. Climatic changes led to desiccation of the area, and sea transport became a more reliable way of transporting goods. The archaeological importance of the site was highlighted by satellite imagery that revealed a network of trails, some of which passed underneath sand dunes 100 m tall, which converged on Shisr. Image analysis showed no further evidence of major undocumented sites in this desert region, which might be considered as alternate locations for the Ubar of legend. Personal life
<mask> died at age 57 on March 10, 2009 due to melanoma, at his home in South Pasadena, California. He was survived by his wife, Christy Shonnard <mask>, and his two sons <mask> <mask> and Duncan Fox <mask>.References

1952 births
2009 deaths
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from melanoma
Lawyers from Los Angeles
Lawyers from Philadelphia
University of Pennsylvania alumni
USC Gould School of Law alumni
20th-century American archaeologists
20th-century American lawyers
Historians from California

masks:
George Reynolds Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
Hedges
George Shonnard
Hedges
Hedges


texts:
<mask> (September 13, 1922 – May 24, 2002), was a Puerto Rican educator, social worker, feminist, civil rights leader and the founder of ASPIRA, the Puerto Rican Forum, Boricua College and Producir. In 1996, she was the first Puerto Rican woman to receive the American Presidential Medal of Freedom. Early years
<mask> was born in Puerta de Tierra, in San Juan, Puerto Rico where she received her primary and secondary education. She was later able to study at the University of Puerto Rico with the financial help given to her by her wealthy neighbors. There she obtained a teacher's certificate in 1942. In 1944 she moved to New York City, where she found a job as a welder in a wartime factory. She subsequently won a scholarship to Hunter College in Manhattan, where she graduated with a bachelor's degree in sociology in 1952.She then studied at Columbia University School of Social Work, where she earned her master's degree in 1954. In 1973, she earned her Ph.D. from Union Graduate School (now Union Institute & University) in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1957, <mask> founded the Puerto Rican Forum (originally the Hispanic American Youth Association or HAYA), which served as an incubator for organizations and programs promoting economic self-sufficiency. This organization is now known as the National Puerto Rican Forum and its headquarters are in The Bronx. ASPIRA
In 1961, <mask> also founded ASPIRA (Spanish for "aspire"), a non-profit organization that promoted a positive self-image, commitment to community, and education as a value as part of the ASPIRA Process to Puerto Rican and other Latino youth in New York City. ASPIRA now has offices in six states, Puerto Rico and has its headquarters, the ASPIRA Association, in Washington, D.C.. It has provided approximately 50,000 Latino students with career and college counseling, financial aid and other assistance, and is today one of the largest nonprofit agencies in the Latino community.In 1963 Dr. <mask> directed a project of the Puerto Rican Forum that resulted in the establishment of the Puerto Rican Community Development Project (PRCDP), funded by the federal War on Poverty. Reformation of New York's educational system
In 1964, Dr. <mask> shifted her emphasis from self-help programs to the reformation of the educational system and in 1967 she served on a mayoral committee, convened by the then Mayor of New York City, John Lindsay, that recommended the decentralization of the school system. In 1970, she established the Universidad Boricua, which is now known as Boricua College (with three campuses in NYC) and the Puerto Rican Research and Resources Center in Washington, D.C. In 1973, she earned her Ph.D. from Union Graduate School in Ohio. She joined the faculty of the San Diego State University's School of Social Work in 1978, where she became the Director of the Undergraduate Program in Social Work. Later, she would become the  co-founder of  the Graduate School for Community Development, a private free-standing educational institution. This school taught community development, economic development and leadership skills to people in communities around the United States and Puerto Rico.In 1972, ASPIRA of New York, under the direction of Dr. Mario Anglada and with the support of Dr. <mask>, filed a civil rights lawsuit in the Federal court demanding that New York City provide classroom instruction in transitional Spanish for struggling Latino students. ASPIRA signed a consent decree with the NYC Board of Education in 1974, which is considered a major landmark in the history of bilingual education in the United States. Although Dr. <mask> is credited with bringing this landmark lawsuit, she was actually no longer with ASPIRA at the time and was not directly involved. Awards and recognitions

Among <mask>'s numerous awards and recognitions are the following:

Inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame
The Hispanic Heritage Award
The Julia de Burgos Award of la Casa Cultural of Yale University
A Doctor of Letters Honorary degree from the University of Connecticut
A Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Massachusetts Amherst
A Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Puerto Rico
The Hunter College Professional Achievement Award
The Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York State Board of Regents

In 1996, President Bill Clinton presented her with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the first Puerto Rican woman to receive such this honor. In 2012, she was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people. In 2015, she was named by Equality Forum as one of their 31 Icons of the 2015 LGBT History Month. Later years
After 1984, <mask> moved to Puerto Rico for health reasons, where she established Producir, an organization which provides economic assistance to small businesses, and Provivienda, which works to develop housing for the needy.In 1998 she returned to New York, concluding that she was clearly now a Nuyorican, given her negative personal experiences in Puerto Rico. In 2002, <mask> published her autobiography, Memoir of a Visionary: <mask> <mask>. In her memoirs she alluded to being a lesbian and discussed her decision not to go public before then with her sexual orientation. Dr. <mask> <mask> died of cancer in Manhattan, New York on May 24, 2002. She was survived by her longtime partner, Dr. Wilhelmina Perry. Filmmaker Lillian Jimenez of the Latino Educational Media Center in New York City worked on a documentary on the life of Dr. <mask>. Sometime around 2003-2004, a branch of the BPS (Buffalo Public Schools) system, PS 18, was renamed after Pantoja, in Buffalo, New York in 2003-2004.Written works

"Memoir of a Visionary: Antonia Pantoja", Houston: Arte Publico Press, 2002
"Puerto Ricans in New York: A Historical and Community Development Perspective", Centro: Journal, Vol. 2, No. 5, Spring 1989, pp. 21–31
"A Guide for Action in Intergroup Relations", Social Group Work: Selected Papers from the National Conference on Social Welfare, 1961
"A Third World Perspective: A New Paradigm for Social Science Research", Research: A Third World Perspective, Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 1967, pp. 1–17
"Community Development and Restoration: A Perspective and Case Study", Community Organizing in a Diverse Society. Edited by John L. Erlich and Felix G. Rivera. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998., pp.220–242
"Cultural Pluralism, A Goal to be Realized", Voices from the Battlefront: Achieving Cultural Equity. Edited by Marta Moreno Vega and Cheryll Greene. New Jersey: Africa World Press Inc., 1993, pp. 135–48
"Social Work in a Culturally Pluralistic Society: An Alternative Paradigm", Cross-Cultural Perspectives in Social Work Practice. Houston: University of Houston, 1976, pp. 79–95
"The University: An Institution for Community Development", Coming Home: Community-based Education and the Development of Communities. Washington, D.C.: Clearing House for Community-based, Free-standing Educational Institutions, 1979, pp.28–33
"Toward the Development of Theory: Cultural Pluralism Redefined", Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare IV, 1976, pp. 125–46

Notable ASPIRA alumni
Among the ASPIRA of New York's prominent graduates (known as "Aspirantes") are:

Fernando Ferrer, former Bronx president, who ran for NYC Mayor in 2001 and 2005 unsuccessfully;
Angelo Falcón, prominent political scientist and President of the National Institute for Latino Policy (formerly the Institute for Puerto Rican Policy);
Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union;
Ninfa Segarra, former President of the Board of Education of New York, former Deputy Mayor under Mayor Rudolph Giuliani, and she is currently a lobbyist with Toñio Burgos & Associates and is President of the National Puerto Rican Coalition in Washington, D.C.;
Aída Álvarez, former director of the Small Business Administration under President Bill Clinton;
Nelson Diaz, first Puerto Rican Solicitor General in Philadelphia;
Jimmy Smits, Puerto Rican actor. Luis Guzmán, character actor
Dr. Isaura Santiago Santiago (Ph.D., Fordham University), first tenured Puerto Rican woman at Columbia University and first Puerto Rican woman president of Hostos Community College of the City University of New York
Digna Sanchez, who led such organizations as the Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP), MADRE and Learning Leaders in New York City; she also worked at the Puerto Rican Legal Defense Fund, the United Way of New York City, and the Children's Television Workshop. Amilkar Velez-Lopez, attorney and retired municipal court judge in Newark, NJ. Nilda I. Ruiz Singh, (M.B.A.) President/C.E.O. of Asociacion Puertorriquenos en Marcha, Inc.(APM)

See also

List of Puerto Ricans
List of Puerto Rican Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

External links
Our Founder Dr. Antonia Pantoja at ASPIRA
Women Make Movies Documentary

1922 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American educators
LGBT people from Puerto Rico
People from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Puerto Rican educators
Puerto Rican feminists
Hunter College alumni
Columbia University School of Social Work alumni
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Antonia Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Pantoja
Antonia
Pantoja
Antonia
Pantoja
Pantoja


texts:
Professor <mask> (born 1963) is an Australian philosopher of metaphysics and ethics based in Britain since 1987. He is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Reading. He describes himself as a non-consequentialist or a traditionalist in his works. Broadly speaking, <mask> places himself in opposition to <mask> and other utilitarian or consequentialist thinkers. He has published over thirty academic papers and has authored four books, Real Essentialism, Applied Ethics, Moral Theory, and The Metaphysics of Identity over Time. Professor <mask> is an alumnus of the Universities of Melbourne, where he completed his first degrees, and Oxford where he gained his D.Phil. He was appointed editor of Ratio, the philosophical quarterly, in late 2012.Applied Ethics
Applied Ethics, which was first published in 2000, has become one of the most important of <mask>'s works. <mask> applies his classical viewpoint to some controversial ethical issues: abortion, euthanasia, animal rights, capital punishment and the just war theory. <mask> provides a detailed defence of the view that abortion is morally wrong because the fetus is an innocent life, and intentionally taking an innocent life is always morally wrong. He aims to refute views like those of <mask>, who suggests that we deny that it is always wrong to intentionally kill innocent human beings. <mask> compares legalised abortion to contract killing, arguing that the state has no more right to legalise and regulate abortion on the ground that this would take it out of the 'back street,' than it does to legalise and regulate contract killing on the same ground. On the subject of euthanasia, he argues that it too is immoral, because, like abortion, it involves the intentional killing of an innocent human being. Voluntary euthanasia is no more justifiable than involuntary, since a person has no absolute right to do whatever they want with their body.Furthermore, he believes the current scientific definition of brain death is unsatisfactory both on metaphysical grounds and from an ethical point of view. <mask>'s position on animal rights is similar to that of Aquinas – rejecting in principle the idea that humans have duties to animals because they are not moral agents, he nonetheless believes that humans still have duties in respect of them to treat them kindly. On the death penalty, <mask> supports the state's right to enforce capital punishment, because justice must be retributive and death, being the worst punishment, is the suitable punishment for the worst crime – e.g. murder. <mask> supports just war theory, and believes that civilians who do not contribute to the war effort should not be targeted. In virtue of this, he regards the use of atomic warfare in World War II to have been a seriously immoral act. He also regards contraception as immoral, and exhorts 'pro-lifers' like himself to engage in 'campaigning, protesting, writing, or whatever it is that we do best in defending the pro-life cause.'Books
 Opting Out: Conscience and Cooperation in a Pluralistic Society (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2018; 158pp.) Real Essentialism (London: Routledge, 2007; paperback 2009)
 Applied Ethics: A Non-Consequentialist Approach (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000; 248pp.) Moral Theory: A Non-Consequentialist Approach (Oxford: Blackwell, 2000; 197pp.) Form and Matter: Themes in Contemporary Metaphysics (Oxford: Blackwell, 1999; 132pp.) The Metaphysics of Identity over Time (London/New York: Macmillan/St Martin's Press, 1993; 228 pp.) (UK);  (USA)

Articles
 'The Morality of Reputation and the Judgment of Others', Journal of Practical Ethics 1 (2013): 3–33
 'Synthetic Life and the Bruteness of Immanent Causation', in E. Feser (ed.) Aristotle on Method and Metaphysics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013): 206–35.'Natural Law and Rights Theory', in G. Gaus and F. D'Agostino (eds) The Routledge Companion to Social and Political Philosophy (London: Routledge, 2013): 375–86. 'Survivalism, Corruptionism, and Mereology', European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 4 (2012): 1–26. 'Hume, the Occult, and the Substance of the School', Metaphysica 13 (2012): 155–74. 'No Potency without Actuality: The Case of Graph Theory', in Tuomas E. Tahko (ed.) Contemporary Aristotelian Metaphysics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012): 207–28. 'Graph Structuralism and its Discontents: Rejoinder to Shackel', Analysis 72 (2012): 94–8. 'Disembodied Communication and Religious Experience: The Online Model', Philosophy and Technology 25 (2012): 381–97.'Essence and Properties', Erkenntnis 75 (2011): 85–111. 'Morality, Religion, and Cosmic Justice', Philosophical Investigations 34 (2011): 189–213. (Invited contribution to special issue on the theme 'Ethics and Religion'.) 'The World is not an Asymmetric Graph', Analysis 71 (2011): 3–10. 'The Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Law', in H. Zaborowski (ed.) Natural Moral Law in Contemporary Society (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2010): 44–75. 'The Doctrine of Double Effect', in T. O'Connor and C<mask> (eds) A Companion to the Philosophy of Action (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010): 324–30.‘"Whatever is Changing is Being Changed by Something Else": A Reappraisal of Premise One of the First Way', in J. Cottingham and P. Hacker (eds) Mind, Method and Morality: Essays in Honour of Anthony Kenny (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010): 140–64. 'Persistence', in J. Kim, E<mask>, and G. Rosenkrantz (eds) A Companion to Metaphysics, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009): 55–65. 'The Non-Identity of the Categorical and the Dispositional', Analysis 69 (2009): 677–84. 'The Metaphysical Status of the Embryo: Some Arguments Revisited', Journal of Applied Philosophy 25 (2008): 263–76. 'Concepts, Dualism, and the Human Intellect', in A. Antonietti, A. Corradini, and E.J. Lowe (eds) Psycho-Physical Dualism Today: An Interdisciplinary Approach (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books/Rowman and Littlefied, 2008): 211–33.'Self-Love, Love of Neighbour, and Impartiality', in N. Athanassoulis and S. Vice (eds), The Moral Life: Essays in Honour of John Cottingham (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008): 58–84. 'Teleology: Inorganic and Organic', in A.M. González (ed. ), Contemporary Perspectives on Natural Law (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008): 259–79. 'The Cosmological Argument', in C. Meister and P. Copan (eds) The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Religion (London: Routledge, 2007): 341–50. 'Instantaneous Change without Instants', in C. Paterson and M.S. Pugh (eds) Analytical Thomism: Traditions in Dialogue (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006): 101–18. (with J.A.Laing) 'Artificial Reproduction, the "Welfare Principle", and the Common Good', Medical Law Review 13 (2005): 328–56. 'Towards a Natural Law Critique of Genetic Engineering', in N. Athanassoulis (ed.) Philosophical Reflections on Medical Ethics (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005): 109–134. 'Hylemorphic Dualism', in E.F. Paul, F.D. Miller, and J. Paul (eds) Personal Identity (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005): 70–99. (Originally in Social Philosophy and Policy 22 (2005): 70–99.) 'Predicate Logic and Bare Particulars', in D.S.<mask> (ed.) The Old New Logic: Essays on the Philosophy of <mask> (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005): 183–210. 'The Structure and Content of the Good', in D.S<mask> and T. Chappell (eds) Human Values: New Essays on Ethics and Natural Law (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004; rev. ed. p/back 2007): 127–65. 'The Beginning of Existence', International Philosophical Quarterly 43 (2003): 145–57.'Temporal Parts and the Possibility of Change', Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 69 (2004): 686–708. 'The Ethics of Co-operation in Wrongdoing', in A. O'Hear (ed.) Modern Moral Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004; Royal Institute of Philosophy Annual Lecture Series 2002-3): 203–27. (abstract; full text)
 'Intelligibility and Intensionality', Acta Analytica 17 (2002) 171-8. 'The Tristram Shandy Paradox: A Reply to Graham Oppy', Philosophia Christi 4 (2002): 353–6. 'Traversal of the Infinite, the “Big Bang” and the Kalam Cosmological Argument', Philosophia Christi 4 (2002): 305–34. 'Hylomorphism and Individuation', in J. Haldane (ed.)Mind, Metaphysics, and Value in the Thomistic and Analytical Traditions (University of Notre Dame Press, 2002: 125–42). 'How to Win Essence Back from Essentialists', Philosophical Writings (No. 18, Autumn 2001): 27–45. 'The Kalam Cosmological Argument Neither Bloodied nor Bowed: A Response to Graham Oppy', Philosophia Christi 3 (2001): 193–6. 'Is There a Right to be Wrong? ', Philosophy 75 (2000): 517–37. 'On the Cardinality of the Cardinal Virtues', International Journal of Philosophical Studies 7 (1999): 305–22.'Adolf Grünbaum and the Beginning of the Universe', Philosophia Naturalis 36 (1999): 187–94. 'Analytická morálna filozofia v20.storocí' (Analytical Moral Philosophy in the 20th Century), in V. Gluchman & M. Dokulil (eds. ), Súcasné Etické Teórie (Contemporary Ethical Theories) (Presov, Slovakia, 1998): 9–23. 'On an Alleged Fallacy in Aristotle', Philosophical Papers 27 (1998): 107–18. 'Modal Properties, Moral Status and Identity', Philosophy and Public Affairs 26 (1997): 259–98. 'Voluntary Euthanasia and Justice', in D.S<mask> and J.A.Laing (eds.) Human Lives: Critical Essays on Consequentialist Bioethics (London: Macmillan, 1997): 225–40. 'Coincidence under a Sortal', The Philosophical Review 105 (1996): 145–71. 'A Paradox about Authority', Analysis 51 (1991): 153–160. 'Some Problems of Identity over Time', Cogito 5 (1991): 14–20. 'Reply to Sprigge on Personal and Impersonal Identity', Mind 98 (1989): 129–34. 'Johnston on Human Beings', The Journal of Philosophy 86 (1989): 137–41.'Kripke and "Quus" ', Theoria 53 (1987): 115–20. 'Perceptual Relativism', Philosophia 16 (1986): 1–9. References

External links
 <mask><mask>'s personal website

Academics of the University of Reading
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Australian philosophers
British philosophers
Moral philosophers
Living people
University of Melbourne alumni
1963 births

masks:
David Simon Oderberg
Oderberg
Peter Singer
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
Oderberg
Peter Singer
Oderberg
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. Sandis
. Sosa
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Fred Sommers
. Oderberg
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<mask>. (born August 31, 1983) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at Pittsburgh, and was drafted by the Arizona Cardinals with the third overall pick in the 2004 NFL Draft, where he then played for 17 seasons. He is widely considered by fans, coaches and peers to be one of the greatest receivers in NFL history. <mask> has been selected for the Pro Bowl eleven times. He was named First-team All-Pro in 2008 and Second-team All-Pro twice in 2009 and 2011. He is second in NFL career receiving yards, second in career receptions, and sixth in receiving touchdowns. <mask> became a minority owner of the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association in 2020.On February 16, 2022, despite not officially stating that he was retiring, <mask> admitted he was not planning on returning to play in the NFL. Early years
As a teenager, <mask> worked as a ball boy for the Minnesota Vikings under coach Dennis Green. "You know just being around your childhood idols," <mask> said in a 2015 interview. "Coach Green gave me an opportunity of a lifetime to be around Cris Carter, Warren Moon, Joey Browner, Randy Moss, and Robert Smith. I can go on and on. To see their work ethic and dedication to their craft, that was really an eye-opening experience for a 14-year-old, 15-year-old. It was like on-the-job training almost."<mask> attended and played high school football at the Academy of Holy Angels in Richfield, Minnesota. While there, he was a two-time First-Team All-State wide receiver. <mask> did not meet NCAA requirements to play football as a freshman, so he spent a year at Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania. College career

<mask> attended the University of Pittsburgh, where he played for the Pittsburgh Panthers football team under head coach Walt Harris. He was widely considered one of the best wide receivers in college football from 2002 to 2003. 2002 season

In his freshman season, <mask> was an instant contributor. In the second game of the season against #20 Texas A&M, he had ten receptions for 103 yards in the 14–12 loss.Three weeks later, against Toledo, he had six receptions for 121 yards and his first two collegiate touchdowns in the 37–19 victory. On November 2, <mask> had another stellar outing against #3 Virginia Tech with five receptions for 105 yards and three touchdowns in the 28–21 victory. In the last regular season game on November 30, he had 11 receptions for 159 yards and two touchdowns against #24 West Virginia in the 24–17 loss. Pitt finished with an 8–4 record and qualified for a bowl game. In the 2002 Insight Bowl, <mask> had five receptions for 88 yards and a touchdown in the 38–13 victory over Oregon State. Overall, in the 2002 season, <mask> had a Big-East conference leading 69 receptions for 1,005 yards and twelve touchdowns. 2003 season

<mask> had a stellar sophomore season in 2003.He began the campaign against Kent State with six receptions for 123 yards and three touchdowns in the 43–3 victory. In the next game against Ball State, he had seven receptions for 124 yards and two touchdowns in the 42–21 victory. <mask> once again put out a great effort in the following game against Toledo with 12 receptions for 201 yards and a touchdown in the 35–31 loss. In the next game against Texas A&M, <mask> had his fourth consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards with seven receptions for 135 yards and three touchdowns in the 37–26 victory. Two weeks later, against Notre Dame, he was held under 100 yards for the first time but still had five receptions for 79 yards and two touchdowns in the 20–14 loss. <mask> bounced back in the next game against Rutgers with eight receptions for a season-high 207 yards and two touchdowns in the 42–32 victory. <mask>'s hot streak continued in the next game against Syracuse, where he had eight receptions for 149 yards and two touchdowns in the 34–14 victory.<mask>'s performance against the Orange was his fourth consecutive game with at least two touchdowns. <mask> started the month of November with seven receptions for 156 yards and a touchdown in a 24–13 victory over Boston College. In the following week against #5 Virginia Tech, he had eight receptions for 108 yards and a touchdown in the 31–28 upset victory. <mask> added another great performance against West Virginia in the following week with nine receptions for 185 yards and two touchdowns in the 52–31 loss. In the following week against Temple, he had seven receptions for 102 yards and two touchdowns as the Panthers won 30–16. <mask>'s performance against the Owls was his sixth consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards. <mask>'s impressive streak ended the following week against #10 Miami with three receptions for 26 yards and a touchdown in the 28–14 loss.Despite having a season-low in yardage, <mask> ended up recording his 12th consecutive game with at least one touchdown reception in the 2003 season, and 18th straight game with a touchdown reception dating back to the previous season. Pitt finished with an 8–4 record in the regular season and qualified for a bowl game. In the 2003 Continental Tire Bowl, <mask> had five receptions for 77 yards against Virginia in the final game of his collegiate career, a 23–16 loss. He was held without a touchdown for the first time in 18 collegiate games. Overall, <mask> led the Big East conference with 92 receptions for 1,672 yards and an NCAA-leading 22 touchdowns in the 2003 season. After his sophomore season, <mask> was recognized as the best player in the NCAA with the 2003 Walter Camp Award and the Touchdown Club of Columbus's Chic Harley Award, and as the best wide receiver in college football with the 2003 Biletnikoff Award and the Touchdown Club's Paul Warfield Award. He was a unanimous 2003 All-America selection and a runner-up for the prestigious Heisman Trophy, given to the most outstanding player in college football; Oklahoma's Jason White won the award that year with 1,481 total points to <mask>'s 1,353.In just 26 games in his collegiate career, <mask> caught 161 passes for 2,677 yards and set a new Pitt record with 34 receiving touchdowns. He was the first player in school history with back-to-back 1,000-yard receiving seasons, and his 14 games with at least 100 yards receiving broke Antonio Bryant's previous all-time Panthers record of 13. <mask>'s 18 straight games with at least one touchdown reception is an NCAA record. Legacy
On July 1, 2013, <mask>'s #1 jersey was retired by the University of Pittsburgh. <mask> was the ninth Pittsburgh player to receive this honor. College statistics

Professional career

Although <mask> had played at Pitt for only two years without redshirting, he petitioned the NFL to allow him to enter the 2004 NFL Draft, as he had left his high school, Academy of Holy Angels, during his senior year to attend Valley Forge Military Academy. The NFL granted an exception to allow <mask> to enter the draft, as <mask> had convinced the NFL that the time he spent at VFMA, combined with his time at Pitt, was the minimum three years removed from high school to make him eligible for the draft.Although former Ohio State running back Maurice Clarett was suing the NFL at the time to overturn the rule (a case Clarett initially won, but it was later overturned on appeal), the NFL considered <mask>'s case separate from Clarett's. After his tremendous sophomore year, <mask> was drafted third overall in the 2004 NFL Draft by the Arizona Cardinals, whose then coach, Dennis Green, knew <mask> from his time as a Vikings ball boy. He was the first wide receiver to be selected in the 2004 NFL Draft. In addition, he was the first of six Pitt Panthers to be selected that year. 2004 season: Rookie year

<mask> made his NFL debut against the St. Louis Rams in the season opener on September 12. In the 17–10 loss, he had four receptions for 70 yards. In the fifth game of the season on October 10, he had his first career touchdown reception, a 24-yard pass from Josh McCown, against the San Francisco 49ers.On December 19, against the St. Louis Rams, <mask> became the youngest player at 21 years and 110 days, to record at least two touchdown receptions in a single game. His record has since been broken by Aaron Hernandez of the New England Patriots in 2010 and Mike Evans of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2014. He followed up his historic performance in the next game in Week 16 against the Seattle Seahawks, in which he had four receptions for 70 yards and two touchdowns in the 24–21 loss. <mask> finished his rookie year with 59 receptions for 780 yards and eight touchdowns as the Cardinals missed the playoffs with a 6–10 record. 2005 season

<mask> started his second NFL season catching 13 receptions for a former career-high 155 yards and a touchdown in a 42–19 loss to the New York Giants in the season opener on September 11. Three weeks later, he had seven receptions for 102 yards against the San Francisco 49ers in a 31–14 victory. Against the Carolina Panthers in the next game, he had nine receptions for 136 yards and a touchdown in a 24–20 loss.On November 13, in the ninth game of the season, <mask> had eight receptions for 102 yards in a 33–19 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. In the next game against the Detroit Lions, he had nine receptions for 141 yards and a touchdown in the 29–19 loss. He posted his third consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards in the next game against the St. Louis Rams with nine receptions for 104 yards and a touchdown in the 38–28 victory. <mask> started the month of December with eight receptions for 129 yards in a 17–10 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. <mask> closed out the regular season with a touchdown catch in each of the last three games against the Houston Texans, Philadelphia Eagles, and Indianapolis Colts. <mask> and the Cardinals missed the playoffs with a 6–10 record. In 2005, <mask> led the NFL with 103 receptions for 1,409 yards, which ranked fourth in the NFL, and ten touchdowns, which ranked fifth in the NFL.He was named to his first Pro Bowl. <mask> teamed with Anquan Boldin to create one of the most productive wide receiver tandems in the NFL. In 2005, <mask> and Boldin became only the second tandem from the same team, the first tandem being Herman Moore and Brett Perriman of the Detroit Lions in 1995, to each catch over 100 passes and top the 1,400-yard mark. 2006 season

<mask> started his third NFL season with nine receptions for 133 yards in a 34–27 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. He had his first touchdown of the season in Week 3 16–14 loss to the St. Louis Rams. He sustained a hamstring injury and missed three games. He returned against the Dallas Cowboys on November 12 in a 27–10 defeat.Two weeks later, he had 11 receptions for a career-high 172 yards against the Minnesota Vikings in a 31–26 loss. He closed out the 2006 season with four receiving touchdowns in the last five games. Overall, <mask> finished the 2006 season with 69 receptions for 946 yards and six touchdowns as the Cardinals finished the year with a 5–11 record. 2007 season

<mask> started the 2007 season with a slow performance against the San Francisco 49ers, where he had only three receptions for 20 yards in a narrow 20–17 loss. Three games later, he had ten receptions for 120 yards against the Pittsburgh Steelers in a 21–14 victory. In the next game, he had his first touchdown of the season against the St. Louis Rams in a nine-catch, 136-yard performance in the 34–31 victory. On November 11, he had eight receptions for 74 yards and two touchdowns against the Detroit Lions in a 31–21 victory.Two weeks later, he had nine receptions for 156 yards and two touchdowns against the San Francisco 49ers in the 37–31 loss. In the regular season finale against the Rams, he had 11 receptions for 171 yards and two touchdowns in a 48–19 victory. <mask> and the Cardinals finished with an 8–8 record. As part of his Pro Bowl season, <mask> caught 100 passes for 1,409 yards and 10 touchdowns. Following the 2007 season, he signed a four-year, $40 million contract extension with Arizona. While still under contract at the time, performance bonuses forced the team's hand into a massive extension. <mask>'s numbers earned him the nickname "Sticky Fingers" and "The Best Hands in the NFL" in local media.2008 season

The 2008 season marked a huge year for <mask> in terms of individual accomplishment and team success. In the season opener against the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> caught a one-yard receiving touchdown in the 23–13 victory. In the second game of the season, he had six receptions for 153 yards against the Miami Dolphins in a 31–10 victory. He followed that up with seven receptions for 109 yards against the Washington Redskins in the next game, a 24–17 loss. He posted his third consecutive game with at least 100 receiving yards in the next game against the New York Jets with 122 receiving yards on eight receptions a 56–35 loss. In the next game, he was held to only 52 yards, but had two receiving touchdowns in a 41–17 victory over the Buffalo Bills. On November 16, <mask> had ten receptions for 151 yards against the Seattle Seahawks in a 26–20 Week 11 victory.On November 27, he had his second multi-touchdown game of the season, this time in a 65-yard performance against the Philadelphia Eagles in a 48–20 loss. <mask> finished the regular season strong with three receptions for 101 yards including a 76-yard touchdown against the New England Patriots in a 47–7 loss, and five receptions for 130 yards and two touchdowns against the Seattle Seahawks in a 34–21 victory in the regular season finale. <mask> finished the regular season with 96 receptions for 1,431 yards and a league-leading 12 touchdowns. For the first time in his career, the Cardinals finished with a winning record at 9–7 and made the playoffs. In his playoff debut, <mask> had six receptions for 101 yards and a touchdown in a 30–24 victory over the Atlanta Falcons in the Wild Card Round. In the Divisional Round against the Carolina Panthers, he had eight receptions for 166 yards in the 33–13 victory. During the NFC Championship for the 2008 NFL season, <mask> tied an NFL record with three touchdown receptions in a playoff game.His three touchdown catches occurred in the first half; he became the first player in NFL history to accomplish that feat in a conference championship game. As a result of the 32–25 victory over the Eagles, <mask> and the Cardinals represented the NFC in Super Bowl XLIII. During Super Bowl XLIII, <mask> caught two touchdown passes in the game. Late in the fourth quarter, <mask> had a 64-yard touchdown reception from Kurt Warner to go ahead 23–20, but the score did not hold as the Pittsburgh Steelers scored a touchdown with only 35 seconds remaining to go ahead 27–23, which was the game's final score. <mask> set a single postseason record with 546 receiving yards, 30 receptions, and seven touchdown receptions, surpassing Jerry Rice's records of the 1988–89 NFL playoffs. <mask> followed up his great 2008 season by catching two more touchdown passes in the 2009 Pro Bowl, earning him MVP honors. After the Pro Bowl was over, it was revealed that <mask> had been playing at least the whole postseason with a broken left thumb as well as torn cartilage in the same hand.It is speculated that <mask> has had this injury since November 5, 2008, when he showed up on the injury report with an injured thumb. After his record-breaking postseason, capped by his Pro Bowl MVP award, many analysts, including NFL Network's Jamie Dukes, regarded <mask> as one of the best receivers in the NFL. He was named as a First-Team All Pro for the 2008 season. 2009 season

<mask> started the 2009 season with six receptions for 71 yards against the San Francisco 49ers in a 20–16 loss. In the fourth game of the season, he had five receptions for 79 yards and two touchdowns in a 28–21 victory over the Houston Texans. The following week, he had 13 receptions for 100 yards and a touchdown in a 27–3 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. On November 8 against the Chicago Bears, he had nine receptions for 123 yards and two touchdowns in a 41–21 victory.On December 6, he had eight receptions for 143 yards and a touchdown in a 30–17 victory the Minnesota Vikings. He finished out the 2009 regular season with a receiving touchdown in the last three games. Overall, he had 97 receptions for 1,092 yards and a league-leading 13 touchdowns as the Cardinals went 10–6 and returned to the playoffs. In the Wild Card Round, he had six receptions for 82 receiving yards and two touchdown receptions against the Green Bay Packers in a 51–45 win. However, the Cardinals were eliminated the next week by the eventual Super Bowl XLIV champion New Orleans Saints by a score of 45–14 in the Divisional Round. He was named to his third consecutive and fourth career Pro Bowl for his efforts in 2009. 2010 season

<mask> started the 2010 season recording a 21-yard receiving touchdown in the fourth quarter against the St. Louis Rams in a 17–13 victory.On October 31, in Week 8, he had six receptions for 72 yards and two touchdowns against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in a 38–35 loss. In the next game, he recorded 107 yards on seven receptions against the Minnesota Vikings in a 27–24 loss. On December 19, against the Carolina Panthers, he had nine receptions for 125 yards in a 19–12 loss in Week 15. In the regular season finale against the San Francisco 49ers, he had his best performance of the season with 11 receptions for 125 yards and a touchdown in a 38–7 loss. <mask> and the Cardinals failed to return to the playoffs with a 5–11 record. Overall, in the 2010 season, <mask> recorded 90 receptions, which ranked fifth in the NFL, for 1,137 yards and six touchdowns. After the season, he was named to his fifth Pro Bowl, and his fourth in a row.He finished ranked as the 14th best player in the league among his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011. 2011 season

On August 20, 2011, <mask> signed an 8-year, $120 million contract with the Cardinals, tying him with Richard Seymour as the fifth highest

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 paid player in the NFL at the time. <mask>'s first solid outing came against the Washington Redskins in Week 2, where he had seven receptions for 133 yards and a touchdown in a 22–21 loss. Two games later, he had eight receptions for 102 yards in a 31–27 loss to the New York Giants. On November 13, in Week 10, he had seven receptions for 146 yards and two touchdowns in a 21–17 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles. His efforts against the Eagles garnered him NFC Offensive Player of the Week honors. A few games later, he had seven receptions for 149 yards and a touchdown against the San Francisco 49ers in a 21–19 victory in Week 14.On Christmas Eve, he had six receptions for 105 yards and a touchdown against the Cincinnati Bengals in a 23–16 loss in Week 16. He closed out the regular season with nine receptions for 149 yards against the Seattle Seahawks in a 23–20 victory. The Cardinals finished with an 8–8 record and missed the playoffs. Overall, <mask> had another stellar season, catching 80 passes for 1,411 yards and eight touchdowns and setting a personal record of 17.6 yards per catch. <mask>'s accomplishments were recognized by an All-Pro second team selection as well as his sixth Pro Bowl selection. He finished ranked as the seventh best player in the league among his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012 list. 2012 season

<mask> started the 2012 season with four receptions for 63 yards in a 20–16 victory over the Seattle Seahawks.Two weeks later, he had his first touchdown of the season in a 27–6 victory over the Philadelphia Eagles. In the game, he had nine receptions for 114 yards to go with the touchdown and earned NFC Offensive Player of the Week honors. On November 4, he scored his last touchdown of the season against the Green Bay Packers in a six-catch, 74-yard performance in the 31–17 loss. In the penultimate game of the regular season against the Chicago Bears, he had eight receptions for 111 yards in the 28–13 loss. Overall, on the season, <mask> had 71 receptions for 798 yards and four touchdowns as the Cardinals went 5–11 and missed the playoffs. He was named to his sixth consecutive and seventh career Pro Bowl. He finished ranked 22nd by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013 list.Following the 2012 football season, <mask> was named as the Cardinals' Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year and was one of three finalists for the Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award. 2013 season

In the offseason, <mask> turned 30. He started the 2013 season with eight receptions for 80 yards and two touchdowns against the St. Louis Rams. In the sixth game of the season, he recorded his first performance of the season topping 100 yards against the San Francisco 49ers. In the game, he had six receptions for 117 yards and a touchdown. On November 24, against the Indianapolis Colts, he had five receptions for 52 yards and two touchdowns. Two weeks later, <mask> caught all 12 of his targets for 96 yards and a touchdown in a 30–10 victory over the Rams.In the regular season finale against the 49ers, he had six receptions for 113 yards. Overall, on the season, <mask> had 82 receptions for 954 yards and ten touchdowns as the Cardinals improved to a 10–6 record from the previous season of 5–11. However, they still missed out on the playoffs. For his 2013 season, he was named to his seventh consecutive and eighth overall Pro Bowl. He finished ranked 38th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014 list. 2014 season

<mask> was a stable part of the Cardinals' offense in 2014. However, the lack of stability at the quarterback position put a hindrance on the team's overall performance as four different quarterbacks saw time for the Cardinals that year.He started his 11th professional season against the San Diego Chargers. In the game, he only had one reception for 22 yards. He did not have his first touchdown of the season until the fifth game of the season against the Washington Redskins, where he had six receptions for 98 yards. On October 26 against the Philadelphia Eagles, he had seven receptions for a season-high 160 yards and a touchdown, which was a career-high 80-yard reception, to earn his third career NFC Offensive Player of the Week award. Two weeks later, he had nine receptions for 112 yards against the St. Louis Rams. Overall, on the 2014 season, <mask> had 63 receptions for 784 yards and two touchdowns as the Cardinals went 11–5 and returned to the playoffs. In the Wild Card Round against the Carolina Panthers, <mask> had three receptions for 31 yards in the 27–16 defeat.He was ranked 68th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015 list. 2015 season

On February 18, 2015, <mask> was signed to a new multi-year contract worth at least $11 million guaranteed over the next two seasons. In Week 2, in the 48–23 victory over Chicago Bears, <mask> had 112 receiving yards and caught three touchdown passes, the first time he accomplished the feat during the regular season in his career. For his performance, he was named NFC Offensive Player of the Week for the fourth time in his career. In the next game, he had nine receptions for 134 yards and two touchdowns against the San Francisco 49ers. On November 15, he had ten receptions for 130 yards against the Seattle Seahawks. In Week 13, he became the youngest player to reach 1,000 career receptions; Dallas Cowboys tight end Jason Witten joined him the same day as the 11th and 12th players to reach this milestone.He closed out the 2015 regular season with a receiving touchdown in the last two games against the Green Bay Packers and Seattle Seahawks. The Cardinals finished with a 13–3 record and won the NFC West. For the 2015 season, <mask> had 109 catches, which was tied for fifth in the NFL, for 1,215 yards and nine touchdowns. For his accomplishments during the 2015 season, <mask> was selected to the Pro Bowl for the ninth time. He was ranked 27th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. On January 16, 2016, <mask> helped his quarterback Carson Palmer record his first playoff win with eight catches for a franchise-record 176 yards in the NFC Divisional Round against the Green Bay Packers in a Week 16 rematch. <mask> was the Cardinals' entire offense in overtime, with a 75-yard reception to open overtime, and a five-yard touchdown reception from Palmer two plays later, which resulted in a 26–20 win.He was held to four receptions for 30 yards in the NFC Championship against the Carolina Panthers. The Cardinals' season ended with a 49–15 loss. 2016 season

On August 5, 2016, <mask> signed a one-year, $11 million contract extension with the Cardinals. On September 11, 2016, <mask> had eight receptions for 81 yards and two touchdowns, while becoming the 10th player to reach 100 career touchdowns, in the season-opening 23–21 loss to the New England Patriots on NBC Sunday Night Football. In the fifth game of the season, he had six receptions for 81 yards and two touchdowns in the 33–21 loss to the San Francisco 49ers. On November 13, he had 12 receptions for 132 yards in another strong outing against the 49ers in a 23–20 victory. In the regular season finale, 44–6 victory over the Los Angeles Rams, he had five receptions for 43 yards and scored his first receiving touchdown since the first meeting with the 49ers.The Cardinals finished with a 7–8–1 record and missed the playoffs. At the end of the 2016 season, <mask> led the NFL in receptions for the second time with 107, and had 1,023 receiving yards with six receiving touchdowns. He moved from 11th to 3rd on the all-time career reception list, and ended the season ninth all-time in receiving yards. He was named to his tenth career Pro Bowl. He was ranked 45th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. 2017 season

With the retirements of Steve Smith and Anquan Boldin at the end of 2016, the 34-year-old <mask> entered the 2017 season as the career leader in receptions and receiving yards among active players. In Week 3, on Monday Night Football, <mask> had 149 receiving yards on 13 receptions, which tied his career high, and a touchdown in a 28–17 loss to the Dallas Cowboys, his highest output in almost three years.His 13 receptions tied Jarvis Landry's performance in Week 2 for the most receptions in a single game by any player in the 2017 season. The next week, he caught a 19-yard sudden death touchdown from Palmer with 0:31 left in overtime to defeat the San Francisco 49ers by a score of 18–15. In Week 6, <mask> had 10 receptions for 138 yards and a touchdown in a 38–33 victory over Tampa Bay, and 10 receptions for 113 yards in Week 10's Thursday Night Football 22–16 loss to Seattle, joining Antonio Brown as the only players with three games of 10+ receptions in 2017, and briefly passing Brown for the league lead in receptions. On November 17, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year contract extension with the Cardinals worth $11 million through the 2018 season. In Week 13, against the Los Angeles Rams, <mask> had 10 receptions, his fourth game in double digits, for 98 yards and his fifth touchdown in the 32–16 loss. In Week 16, against the New York Giants, he had nine receptions for 119 yards and a touchdown. In addition, he completed a 21-yard pass in the 23–0 victory.He tied his career-best with 109 receptions, finishing second to Jarvis Landry, and finished eighth in the NFL with 1,156 receiving yards. On December 19, 2017, <mask> was named to his 11th Pro Bowl. However, it was later announced that Doug Baldwin of the Seattle Seahawks would replace <mask>. The Cardinals finished with an 8–8 record and missed the playoffs. He was ranked 27th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018. 2018 season

In Week 1, <mask> recorded seven receptions for 76 yards in a 24–6 loss to the Washington Redskins. Nursing a sore hamstring, he failed to reach 50 yards in any of his next six games, and did not record a touchdown reception until a Week 7 45–10 loss to the Denver Broncos on Thursday Night Football.In Week 8, he had eight receptions for 102 yards with a touchdown and a two-point conversion in the 18–15 victory over the San Francisco 49ers. In Week 10, in a 26–14 loss to the Kansas City Chiefs after recording six receptions for 50 yards, <mask> reached 15,952 career receiving yards, passing Terrell Owens for second on the all-time list behind only Jerry Rice. In Week 11 against the Oakland Raiders, <mask> made two catches for 23 yards which were both touchdowns in the 23–21 loss. In Week 14, against the Detroit Lions, <mask> set an NFL record for most receptions with one team with 1,282. The gloves he used in that game and the ball he caught were sent to the Pro Football Hall of Fame. In Week 16, <mask> threw the first touchdown pass of his NFL career, a 32-yard pass to David Johnson for the first Cardinals score in the eventual 31–9 loss to the Los Angeles Rams. In addition, <mask> had six receptions for 53 yards.He finished the 3–13 season as the Cardinals leading receiver with 69 receptions for a career-low 734 yards with six receiving touchdowns. <mask> was ranked 60th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2019. 2019 season

On January 23, 2019, <mask> announced he would return for the 2019 season, and signed a one-year contract extension with the Cardinals. In Week 1 against the Detroit Lions, <mask> caught eight passes for 113 yards and one touchdown from rookie quarterback Kyler Murray in the 27–27 tie. In Week 2, a 23–17 loss to the Baltimore Ravens, he had five receptions for 104 receiving yards for his first back-to-back games with over 100 receiving yards since Weeks 2–3 of the 2015 season. In a Week 4 27–10 loss to the Seattle Seahawks, he passed Tony Gonzalez for second-most career receptions in NFL history. In the 12 games from Weeks 3 to 17, <mask> averaged just 41.9 yards on 4.4 receptions for a total of three touchdowns, as Christian Kirk emerged as the team's first option in his second year.2020 season

On January 15, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Cardinals on a one-year deal worth $11 million. On November 26, 2020, <mask> was placed on the reserve/COVID-19 list after testing positive for the virus, and was activated on December 8. Overall, <mask> appeared in 13 games in  the 2020 season. He finished the season with a career-low 54 receptions for 409 receiving yards and one touchdown, which occurred in Week 15 against the Philadelphia Eagles. When he covered Super Bowl XLIII, he was believed to be the first reporter to cover his own son in a Super Bowl. <mask>'s mother, Carol, died of a brain hemorrhage while being treated for breast cancer in 2003. During the 2008 season, <mask> was accused of domestic violence against Angela Nazario, who filed for an order of protection against him.In 2016, <mask> completed his undergraduate degree with the University of Phoenix, fulfilling a promise that he made to his mother to finish his education. Since graduation he has become a paid spokesperson for the University of Phoenix. <mask> is an avid traveler and has visited nearly 100 countries. He has two sons. <mask> developed a friendship with Arizona politician John McCain, and spoke at the memorial service for the U.S. senator and Presidential candidate held in Phoenix on August 30, 2018. On January 22, 2020, <mask> bought a minority stake in the NBA's Phoenix Suns to become a partial team owner. <mask> is now the second active NFL player behind Aaron Rodgers to hold an ownership stake with a franchise in the NBA.He has developed a long-standing friendship with franchise owner Robert Sarver since 2005, with him getting more active and involved with the Suns since 2018. His role with the franchise involves him being an advisor and resource for the Suns' business and basketball staff, as well as be a player advisor for both the Suns and Phoenix Mercury, their WNBA franchise. <mask> is an active venture investor, having invested in 40 to 50 companies as of October 2019. <mask> turned his passion to see the world into a travel business that he operates, hosting trips in a number of areas around the world. Philanthropy
<mask> established the “<mask> Fitzgerald First Down Fund” to help kids and their families by funding positive activities for kids during the summer and throughout the year, supporting kids and families in crisis and supporting health-related organizations that work with families. One initiative the “First Down Fund” holds each summer are youth football camps in Arizona and Minnesota. In May 2014, Fitzgerald and Lenovo provided five schools in Minneapolis and four schools in Phoenix Lenovo tablets and equipment to enable the children to gain access to technology.The First Down Fund made a donation to the Minneapolis Park and Recreation to help refurbish a basketball court at Rev Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr Park. The court received new hoops, poles, backboards and benches. He partnered with Riddell to provide new helmets to 1,000 kids in the Minneapolis Parks and Recreation football program. <mask> established the “Carol Fitzgerald Memorial Fund” in honor of his mother, who died of breast cancer in 2003. The organization offers support to causes that <mask>'s mother held dear, including educating urban youth about HIV/AIDS and breast cancer issues. He has served as an NFL spokesman for the league-wide breast cancer awareness initiative “A Crucial Catch” for three years and every October makes donations to breast cancer organizations based on his touchdowns and receptions during the month. In August 2012, he was honored with the 14th annual Pro Football Weekly Arthur S. Arkush Humanitarian Award for his community and charitable contributions.<mask> has made five USO tours to visit soldiers overseas and has raised financial support for injured and critically ill members of the U.S. military. During the 2013 season, <mask> was honored with the NFL Players Association Georgetown Lombardi Award. The award was established to honor a leader in the sports industry whose life and family have been touched by cancer, and who encourages cancer research, prevention and treatment through awareness and philanthropy. In 2014, <mask> was selected as the 2014 Henry P. Iba Citizen Athlete Male Recipient, which was created in 1994 by the Rotary Club of Tulsa to recognize an influential male and female premiere athlete for their success in their sport and for being a positive role model who gives back to their communities. In 2017, <mask> received the Heritage Award from the Arizona Chamber of Commerce and Industry due to his ongoing commitment to improving the lives of Arizonans. In the media

<mask> was featured on the cover of the EA Sports video game NCAA Football 2005. He was one of two players, along with Troy Polamalu, featured on the cover of Madden NFL 10, making them the first two players to be featured on a Madden NFL cover together.See also
 List of National Football League career receiving yards leaders
 List of National Football League career receiving touchdowns leaders
 List of National Football League career receptions leaders
 List of National Football League career all-purpose yards leaders
 List of National Football League annual receiving touchdowns leaders
 List of National Football League annual receptions leaders
 List of National Football League players with multiple 1,000-yard receiving seasons
 List of Arizona Cardinals first-round draft picks
 List of unanimous All-Americans in college football
 List of NCAA major college football yearly receiving leaders

References

External links

 <mask>'s First Down Fund
 Twitter
 Arizona Cardinals bio
 Pittsburgh Panthers bio

1983 births
African-American players of American football
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Arizona Cardinals players
Living people
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Pittsburgh Panthers football players
Players of American football from Minneapolis
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Valley Forge Military Academy Trojans football players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
10,000 receiving yards

masks:
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Larry Fitzgerald
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<mask> (6 January 1819 – 2 December 1906) was the husband of the English novelist Charlotte Brontë. Between 1845 and 1861 Nicholls was one of Patrick Brontë's curates and was married to his eldest surviving child, Charlotte, for the last nine months of her life. He cared for Patrick Brontë after Charlotte Brontë's death and spent the rest of his life in the shadow of her reputation. He returned to  his native Ireland, remarried and left the ministry. Early years
Nicholls was one of ten children born to <mask>, a Presbyterian farmer and <mask>, a member of the Anglican Church of Ireland in Killead, County Antrim, in Ireland. He was educated at the Royal Free School in Banagher, County Offaly, whose headmaster was his uncle, <mask>. In 1836 Nicholls entered Trinity College, Dublin, from where he graduated in 1844.Vicar at Haworth
<mask> was ordained deacon in Lichfield in 1845 and became assistant curate to Patrick Brontë in June. Charlotte Brontë said of him that he appeared to be a respectable young man who read well, and she hoped that he would give satisfaction. Although he visited the poor of the parish practically every afternoon, he was considered to be strict and conventional, and in 1847 he carried out a campaign to prevent women from hanging their washing out to dry in the cemetery. Charlotte noted sadly that while he was away on holiday in Ireland many parishioners said that they hoped he would not return. He began to develop closer relations with Charlotte, who by that time had written  Jane Eyre, and they conducted a friendly exchange of letters. In December 1848, he conducted the funeral service of Emily Brontë. Marriage to Charlotte Brontë
On 13 December 1852 Nicholls asked Charlotte for her hand in marriage.Charlotte's father vehemently refused to approve the union on the grounds that a poor Irish pastor should never be bold enough to suggest marrying his famous daughter. In 1853 <mask> announced his intention to leave for Australia as a missionary, but he later changed his mind despite collecting references (including one from Patrick Brontë) and a farewell gift from the parishioners. He was re-deployed for several months to another parish, but he had several secret meetings with Charlotte in Haworth. Little by little Charlotte became persuaded by Nicholls, and in February 1854 her father finally gave his permission for the visits. <mask> and Charlotte Brontë were married on 29 June 1854 in her father's church at Haworth. Patrick Brontë decided on the day of the ceremony not to attend, so Charlotte was led to the altar by Margaret Wooler, her former schoolmistress at Roe Head School. They honeymooned in Wales and Ireland before returning to live with Charlotte's father at Haworth Parsonage.Following Charlotte's sudden death, nine months later in 1855, <mask> became the copyright holder of her works, making him an occasionally defensive and reluctant curator of her memory until the early twentieth century. Public interest in his wife, which began with the pseudonymously published Jane Eyre in 1847 and the public revelation of her true identity in 1850, rocketed in the months after the announcement of her death. As press speculation about Charlotte's private life became more intense and inaccurate Patrick Brontë requested the help of Charlotte's friend the novelist Elizabeth Gaskell to correct the distortions in the form of an authorised biography. <mask> was reluctant to participate, especially as it would require him granting Gaskell permission to quote directly from Charlotte's personal letters. He relented but soon after the publication of The Life of Charlotte Brontë in 1857 he became embroiled in its controversies, writing furious letters to newspapers to defend Gaskell's depiction of Charlotte Brontë's miserable school days against the very teachers who now felt slandered. Further allegations of slander and libel led to the biography being withdrawn and re-issued twice with corrections which only served to stoke the public's imagination. <mask> continued living at Haworth Parsonage as Patrick's assistant until Patrick's death in June 1861 and although he was expected to succeed him as the incumbent minister the church trustees voted against him and he resigned.He put the contents of Haworth Parsonage up for auction in October 1861, retaining the family's manuscripts and private effects and distributing keepsakes to the family's servants, and moved back to Ireland. Relations with Charlotte Brontë

Ellen Nussey, a friend of Charlotte's, accused <mask> of being "that wicked man who was the death of dear Charlotte". Another of Charlotte's friends, Mary Taylor, reproached Ellen Nussey for exerting pressure on Charlotte to "give up her choice in a matter so important". Elizabeth Gaskell judged him intransigent and bigoted, adding, however, that Charlotte  "would never have been happy but with an exacting, rigid, law-giving, passionate man". The two servants at the parsonage in Haworth, Tabitha Aykroyd and Martha Brown, believed that Charlotte and <mask> were happy together. During her honeymoon Charlotte wrote to Ellen Nussey:

However, on 26 December 1854 Charlotte wrote that <mask> "is certainly my dear boy, and he is dearer to me today than he was six months ago". Return to Ireland

After the deaths of Charlotte and Patrick Brontë, <mask> returned to Banagher in County Offaly, to live with his widowed aunt and her daughter, Mary Anna <mask> (1830-1915), whom he married in 1864.He left the curacy and managed a small farm, refusing to co-operate with would-be biographers who wanted to exploit his connection to the Brontës. By then they were internationally renowned as popular and significant novelists and the subjects of books and articles. He broke his silence briefly in 1876 in protest at some sections of T.W. Reid's biography of Charlotte - written in co-operation with Charlotte's oldest friend Ellen Nussey - which quoted her writings without his permission and eventually, in 1895, agreed to give Clement Shorter unlimited access to his Brontë archive. Shorter, a journalist and editor, had already convinced Ellen Nussey to sell her letters to one of his associates to safeguard them for posterity and managed to convince Nicholls to do the same. Within a year of obtaining Nicholls's collection of Brontë letters Shorter began re-selling them through auction houses. <mask> <mask>tës which <mask> brought from Haworth in 1861. Perhaps most significantly, these released likenesses of the Brontës that had been thought lost: the portrait of the three sisters by Branwell Brontë and the quarter of a destroyed group portrait, also by Branwell, that depicts Emily Brontë. Since then most of this collection has been returned to Haworth Parsonage, the Brontë family museum. See also

Brontë
Brontë Parsonage Museum

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

 Clooney, Pauline (2021). Charlotte & Arthur, Merdog Books. . Reimagining Charlotte Brontë' & <mask> Nicholls' honeymoon in Ireland & Wales. Fictionalised account of <mask> <mask>' relationship with Charlotte Brontë

 Charlotte Brontë and <mask> Nicholls' wedding trip and Irish Odyssey.External links
Bronte blog

Brontë family
1819 births
1906 deaths
19th-century Irish people
20th-century Irish people
People from County Antrim
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Deaths from bronchitis

masks:
Arthur Bell Nicholls
William Nicholls
Margaret Bell Nicholls
Alan Bell
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Arthur Nicholls
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Arthur Nicholls
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<mask> (born March 18, 1962, in Fort Worth, Texas) is an American rock and folk rock/americana singer, songwriter, guitarist, bandleader, and occasional actor (Daisy Miller, Lonesome Dove, and narrator of Ghost Town: 24 Hours in Terlingua). He performs with veteran bandmates Daren Hess, Cornbread and Tim Holt. His father, novelist <mask>, gave him his first guitar at age seven. His mother, an English professor, taught him how to play it: "My mother taught me three chords and the rest I just stole as I went along. I learned everything by ear or by watching people." Biography
<mask> spent his first seven years in Ft. Worth but was raised mostly in Leesburg, Virginia. He attended the Woodberry Forest School, Orange, Virginia.He began performing in his teens, writing bits and pieces. He started performing his own songs at a downtown beer garden while studying English and Spanish at the University of Arizona in Tucson. After traveling to Alaska and playing a few gigs, he returned to Texas and his father's  "little bitty ranch house crammed with 10,000 books". After a time, he left for San Antonio, where he worked as a house painter, actor, bartender, and sometimes singer, performing at writers' nights and open-mic events. In 1987, a friend in San Antonio suggested McMurtry enter the Kerrville Folk Festival New Folk songwriter contest; he became one of six winners that year. Also around this time John Mellencamp was starring in a film based on a script by McMurtry's father, which gave McMurtry the opportunity to send a demo tape to Mellencamp. Mellencamp subsequently served as co-producer on McMurtry's debut album, Too Long in the Wasteland (1989).McMurtry also appeared on the soundtrack of the film Falling from Grace, working with Mellencamp, John Prine, Joe Ely and Dwight Yoakam in a "supergroup" called Buzzin' Cousins. McMurtry released follow-up albums Candyland (1992) and Where'd You Hide the Body (1995). Walk Between the Raindrops followed in 1998 and 2002 brought St. Mary of the Woods. In April 2004, McMurtry released a tour album called Live in Aught-Three. "Choctaw Bingo", one of McMurtry's most popular songs, is featured on both St. Mary of the Woods and Live in Aught-Three. In 2005, McMurtry released his first studio album in three years. Childish Things again received high critical praise, winning the song and album of the year at the 5th Annual Americana Music Awards in Nashville, Tennessee.The album was perhaps McMurtry at his most political, as his working-class anthem "We Can't Make It Here" included direct criticism of George W. Bush, the Iraq War, and Wal-Mart. The music critic Robert Christgau ranked "We Can't Make It Here" as the best song of the 2000s. McMurtry released his follow-up album to Childish Things in April 2008. Just Us Kids continued with the previous album's political themes and included the song "Cheney's Toy," McMurtry's most direct criticism of George W. Bush so far. Like "We Can't Make It Here" from the previous album, "Cheney's Toy" was made available as a free Internet download. McMurtry's ninth album, Complicated Game was released on February 24, 2015 on an L.A. record label also named Complicated Game. The album achieved critical acclaim, scoring 87 on Metacritic.Lead single "How’m I Gonna Find You Now" and other tracks such as album opener "Copper Canteen" have become staples in the McMurtry canon. Cold and Bitter Tears: The Songs of Ted Hawkins, released in late 2015 on Austin-based Eight 30 Records, includes McMurtry's take on the late busker's song "Big Things". Additionally, Dreamer: A Tribute to Kent Finlay, released in early 2016 (also on Eight 30 Records), features McMurtry's version of Finlay's "Comfort's Just a Rifle Shot Away." McMurtry contributed his rendition of Adam Carroll's "Screen Door" to Highway Prayer: A Tribute to Adam Carroll (Eight 30 Records, 2016) as well as "Grandpa's Promise" to the satirical album Floater: A Tribute to the Tributes to Gary Floater (Eight 30 Records, 2018). Also in 2018 McMurtry performed at the Vancouver Folk Music Festival. During restrictions on touring and live music imposed by the Coronavirus pandemic McMurtry started streaming several live acoustic performances a week on Facebook and YouTube. After using this platform to premiere new songs including "If It Don't Bleed", a new album, The Horses and the Hounds, was announced on June 9, 2021 and released on August 20.Lead track "Canola Fields" was released to streaming services at the time of the announcement. The album, produced by longtime collaborator Russ Hogarth and recorded at Jackson Browne's Santa Monica Groove Masters studio, was reviewed positively, scoring an 81 on Metacritic. Pitchfork reviewer Stephen Deusner said of the record: "McMurtry sounds more engaged here, more focused, and more generous to his hard-luck characters." <mask> lives in Lockhart, Texas, 30 miles south of Austin, Texas, where he and The Heartless Bastards regularly play a midnight set at The Continental Club on Wednesday nights after Jon Dee Graham, another Austin roots rock musician. McMurtry's son, Curtis, is also a singer-songwriter and has performed with his father. Discography

Albums

Singles

Guest singles

Music videos

References

External links
 Official site
 One on One with <mask>ry
  Interview and Live Performance on Chicago TV show "Corporate Country Sucks"
 BBC News: Rocker Young wins Americana award
 Ron Rosenbaum, in Slate, on why McMurtry's "Choctaw Bingo" should be the new national anthem

Media
 Video of <mask>urtry
 Video of <mask>rtry. "Poor Lost Soul" from Too Long in the Wasteland

1962 births
American country singer-songwriters
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
American male singer-songwriters
Living people
Writers from Austin, Texas
People from Fort Worth, Texas
Musicians from Austin, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Place of birth missing (living people)
Woodberry Forest School alumni
Guitarists from Texas
20th-century American guitarists
People from Leesburg, Virginia
Country musicians from Texas
Country musicians from Virginia
20th-century American male musicians
Singer-songwriters from Virginia

masks:
James McMurtry
Larry McMurtry
McMurtry
McMurtry
James McMurt
James MM
James Mcmu


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<mask>, known as <mask>Scoop" <mask> (January 15, 1911 – December 8, 2008), was an American sports journalist whose works were a regular feature in venerable sports magazines like The Sporting News, Sports Illustrated, and Baseball Digest. After earning his nickname "Scoop" in 1930 by reporting for The Daily Princetonian that golfing legend Bobby Jones would be retiring from active competition, <mask> went on to a sports reporting career which ended in 2008. Childhood
<mask> grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota, the son of <mask>, the proprietor of the fur clothing manufacturer Gordon & Furguson, Inc.  His mother, <mask>, was a native of Connecticut. At the time of the 1920 United States Census, <mask> was living with his parents, an older sister (Virginia), and two servants at 378 Summit Avenue in St. Paul, in the home of his grandfather, <mask>, a deacon of the Episcopal Church and a board member of the new "St. Paul Institute" (now the Science Museum of Minnesota). The younger <mask> attended St. Paul Academy and wrote for the school newspaper Now and Then. The school's headmaster reportedly opined that <mask> was a better writer than F. Scott Fitzgerald, who had been a student at the St. Paul Academy from 1908 to 1911. Princeton and early career
<mask> later attended Princeton University, graduating in 1933.While attending Princeton, he was a reporter for The Daily Princetonian. He received the nickname "Scoop" in 1930 for being the first to report that professional golfer Bobby Jones was retiring from the sport. After graduating from Princeton, <mask> returned to Minnesota and became a sports writer for the St. Paul Pioneer Press. In January 1939, he joined the Chicago Daily News as a sports writer. World War II
During World War II, he served in the United States Marine Corps for 26 months. He served as a Marine Combat Correspondent in the Pacific Theater of Operations. In November 1943, his story about a U.S. Army baseball team that endured six months at Guadalcanal was published in The Sporting News.After over two years of combat action, Sergeant <mask> was returned to Minneapolis and worked for a time as a U.S. Marine recruiter. On April 26, 1945, <mask> married Adelaide Washburne, a Smith graduate who had been teaching at the University of Minnesota and worked in the American Red Cross during World War II. After the war ended, <mask> returned to his job as a sports reporter for the Chicago Daily News. Post-war career
From the late 1940s through the 1970s, <mask> was one of the leading sports writers in the United States. Between 1946 and 1976, almost 250 of <mask>'s works were published in The Sporting News, an American-based sports magazine established in 1886. From 1949 to 1970, <mask>'s baseball writings were a recurring feature in Baseball Digest, the oldest continuously-published baseball magazine in the United States. When Sports Illustrated magazine launched in the mid-1950s, <mask> was one of the budding journal's first writers.On a daily basis, <mask> worked the sports desk for the Minneapolis Star, the Minneapolis Star Tribune, and the Villager newspapers in the Twin Cities. He wrote articles about the Minnesota Twins baseball team, the Minnesota Golden Gophers, and the Minnesota Vikings. <mask> covered the 1960 Olympics in Squaw Valley, California where the U.S. men's ice hockey team won gold. He continued to write for the Villager until he retired after a long career in early 2008. Family and death
<mask> and his wife Adelaide spent 61 years together, their marriage producing three boys. Adelaide died in early 2007, and <mask> followed on December 8, 2008. Sports Illustrated, the Star Tribune and his college newspaper all reported the passing.Selected works
As an active sportswriter for almost eighty years, <mask> wrote thousands of articles on subjects ranging from baseball to hockey. The following are a small sampling of his works, listed chronologically:
Charles (The Man) Comiskey II Gets Sox Presidency as 21st Birthday Gift, The Sporting News, November 27, 1946
Little Brown Jug Series Good to the Last Drop, The Sporting News, October 22, 1947
Big Gopher Ekberg Stars in Studies Too, The Sporting News, January 5, 1949
Mickey Owen, Forgotten Man, Baseball Digest, February 1949
Four of 13 Survivors of Duluth Bus Crash Playing a Year Later, The Sporting News, August 3, 1949
Nomellini's the Monicker of Gophers' Lion of the Line, The Sporting News, October 19, 1949
Mariucci by Phone: ‘We Rose to Heights; Russia Too Good’, Minneapolis Star and Tribune, January 1956
Why He's Still Stan the Man, Baseball Digest, August 1957
Giel's Ready to Wheel, Baseball Digest, February 1958
Did Twin Cities Double Deals Selves Out of Big League Ball, Baseball Digest, March 1958
The Great Cepeda, Junior, Baseball Digest, April 1958
The Hottest Guy in Cold Storage, Baseball Digest, February 1959
"Can Jim Gentile Keep a Hot Bat and a Cool Head for Baltimore?

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Charles Richards Gordon
Dick "
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Gordon
Charles Richards Gordon
Charles William Gordon
Charlotte Bishop Gordon
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Richards Gordon
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Dick Gordon
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