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<mask> (December 21, 1872 – July 1, 1970) was a Canadian-American scientist and professor at the University of Washington who achieved national acclaim for his scientific achievements while an undergraduate student. <mask>'s interests ranged from insect life to marine biology to mollusks, though he once described himself as an "omniologist" (one who studies everything). He is best known for introducing the gypsy moth parasite to the United States, for helping establish the Washington state oyster industry, and as the driving force behind the creation of the Friday Harbor Laboratories. <mask> is responsible for the identification and naming of hundreds of species; at least 47 plant and animal species were, in turn, named after him. In 1938 he was designated Alumnus Summa Laude Dignatus of the University of Washington, that school's highest honor for its alumni. Early life and education

Family and childhood
<mask> was born in Peterborough, Ontario, in 1872. He was the son of <mask>, a first generation Canadian whose own father had immigrated from Ireland in the early 19th century.<mask> received his medical degree from Queen's University and undertook his internship at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. In 1861, <mask> found himself caught up in the war hysteria that followed the capitulation of Fort Sumter and volunteered to join the United States Army, serving during the American Civil War first as a field surgeon and, later, as a member of the medical staff at Armory Square Hospital in Washington, DC. After the war he returned to Peterborough and took up private medical practice, eventually marrying Mary Bell, who gave birth to <mask>. In his youth, <mask> was inquisitive about nature and enjoyed playing lacrosse with friends. A series of bad investments by <mask>, however, led to the family's bankruptcy, and the <mask>s left Peterborough for Olympia, Washington, in 1889. A paucity of family funds led <mask> to work a variety of odd jobs for several years following high school, but a chance encounter with University of Washington (UW) biology professor Orson "Bugs" Johnson and the Young Naturalists Society led him to resolve to spend his meager savings to relocate to Seattle and enroll at the university. University and national acclaim
As a student, <mask> showed exceptional aptitude for the natural sciences and achieved national attention for his scientific achievements.In 1897, while still an undergraduate, he accompanied David Starr Jordan to the Pribilof Islands as part of a study of seals undertaken by the American Fur Seal Commission. Back in Washington, <mask>'s interests focused more on insect life, and a report that year in the Boston Evening Transcript noted that he had discovered 41 new species of bees, including 22 of the genus Osmia. Theodore Dru Alison Cockerell, at the time one of America's leading entomologists, directed a portion of the sizable <mask> bee collection to the Smithsonian Institution. <mask> missed commencement exercises at the University of Washington due to his appointment as the entomologist attached to the Harriman Alaska Expedition. During that trip, completed before his 27th birthday, he collected about 8,000 specimens of insect, resulting in the discovery and naming of more than 240 new species, including Mesenchytraeus harrimani, which he named after the expedition's patron, E. H. Harriman. Following his graduation from the University of Washington, <mask> went on to earn a master's degree. Career

Teaching and research career

In 1901 <mask> was hired as a lecturer in biology at the University of Washington.The following year he was promoted to assistant professor and made chairman of the university's newly created zoology department, a position he would continue to hold until his retirement 35 years later. In his new position, <mask> began scouting the Puget Sound region for a suitable site at which the university could establish a marine research field station. After evaluating Port Townsend and Rocky Bay, he chose Friday Harbor as the location for what is now known as Friday Harbor Laboratories, concluding that the "great wealth of life in that area" made up for its extremely remote location. After running a laboratory at temporary sites near Friday Harbor for several years, <mask> personally petitioned for the transfer to the university of the 484-acre Point Caution site (an area of San Juan Island that had been set aside as a military reserve to be used in the event of war with the United Kingdom). In 1921 the U.S. government finally ceded Point Caution to the university. <mask> was dispatched to Japan in 1908 by the United States Department of Agriculture to identify and collect a natural parasite for the gypsy moth, which, at the time, was creating havoc in Massachusetts. His continued research on that parasite, a eulophid wasp, took him to Russia the following year.The parasite that he discovered was bred by the US Department of Agriculture as a gypsy moth repellent for many years thereafter. His later work on oyster breeding earned him the nickname the "father of the Northwest oyster industry". During his years at the UW, he was also credited with helping to establish the university's College of Fisheries. Later studies
<mask> was compelled to retire in 1937 due to the University of Washington's mandatory retirement age. He continued research as a professor emeritus into his 80s, purchasing a hand printing press that he used to self-publish a series of reports based on previous research he had made of snails. These papers were published under the name "Calliostoma Press". Proofread by his wife Louise, they were known for being virtually free of typographic errors.Personal life
<mask> married Louise Pennell on August 23, 1917. Pennell had received her master's degree in zoology from the University of Washington the preceding June. Death and legacy
<mask> died in 1970. <mask> Hall at the University of Washington, constructed in 1971, is named after him. At least 47 plant and animal species have also been named after <mask>. In 1938 <mask> became the first person to be recognized by the University of Washington as Alumnus Summa Laude Dignatus ("Alumnus Worthy of Highest Praise"), the university's highest honor for its past graduates. Selected publications

 Smith, E. V., and <mask>, T. (1920)."A report on the taking of immature salmon in the coastal waters of the state of Washington". Twenty-Eighth and Twenty-Ninth Annual Reports of the State Fish Commissioner. State of Washington Department of Fish and Game. Olympia, Washington. pp. 39–46. <mask>, T. (1900)."The Tenthredinoidea". Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 341–365. References

External links
<mask> newspaper and notes, MSS SC 1771 at L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University

1872 births
1970 deaths
People from Peterborough, Ontario
University of Washington alumni
University of Washington faculty
20th-century American zoologists
People from Friday Harbor, Washington

masks:
Trevor Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Trevor Kincaid
Robert Kincaid
Robert Kincaid
Kincaid
Trevor
Kincaid
Robert Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Kincaid
Trevor Kincaid


type: original

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Lady <mask> (1621–1669) was a noted poet and playwright, the daughter of <mask>, Duke of Newcastle and later the wife of Charles Cheyne, Viscount Newhaven. Along with her literary achievements, <mask> helped manage her father's properties while he spent the English Civil War in exile; she was responsible for a variety of military correspondences and for salvaging many of her family's valuable possessions. Later in life, she became an important community member in Chelsea, using her resources to make improvements on Chelsea Church and otherwise benefit her friends and neighbours. Marked by vitality, integrity, perseverance and creativity, <mask>'s life and works tell the story of a Royalist woman's indomitable spirit during the English Civil War and the English Restoration. Early life
Born in 1621 to <mask> and his first wife, Elizabeth Basset Howard, <mask> grew up in a prosperous and loving environment. Much of the wealth that William possessed had been accumulated by his grandmother, the Renaissance property magnate Elizabeth Hardwick, Countess of Shrewsbury—better known as Bess of Hardwick. Bess's properties, her fortune, and her remarkable tapestries were important inheritances of William's family, and Bess herself provided a template of autonomous female behaviour for William's daughters.Throughout his life, William added to Bess's wealth and properties—in part by marrying Howard, who was a rich widowed heiress at the time of their marriage. Adjacent to his social and monetary ambitions were <mask>'s tremendous literary ambitions, which he aspired toward in his own writings but homed in on most thoroughly by developing relationships with a wide range of poets and playwrights including Ben Jonson, Thomas Shadwell, and John Dryden. Because of her father's literary and political connections, <mask>'s world was—from the start—replete in the excesses that typified Charles I's court. She had a number of elegant gowns, many made of sumptuous velvets, and a fine collection of garments and linens. More significant than these signs of her social standing, however, are some early traces of her literary development. In one of her father's manuscript books (now University of Nottingham MSS Portland Collection, Pw V 25:21–22), <mask> responded to her father's couplet "Sweet Jane / I know you are a rare Inditer.— / And hath the Pen off a moste redye writer. / W.N."with the following lines: "My Lord / I know you doo but Jest with mee / & so in obdence I right this nothing / <mask>ndysshe." It is worth noting that although William wrote similar couplets to each of his children, only <mask> and one of her brothers recorded a response—and <mask>'s is by far the cleverer of the two. Her father's assessment of her as “a moste redye writer” carried over into her adult life, when she collaborated with her sister on some literary documents and also wrote her own poetry. The English Civil Wars
As for other staunch Royalists, the English Civil War was a trying time for the <mask> family. The closing of the theatres in 1642 would have been of especial significance for them, since William had written plays that were publicly performed before the war and his daughters were familiar with the networks of theatre culture that ranged from public theatrical performances to private readings of dramas. Of course, the closing of the theatres was not the most traumatic event of the Civil War for the <mask> family. Elizabeth Basset Howard died in 1643, leaving her children in possession of her money but without her guidance and compassion.Soon after his first wife's death, William was defeated in a critical battle at Marston Moor. He subsequently fled to France, leaving his daughters to maintain his property at Welbeck Abbey on their own. Welbeck Abbey was captured by Parliamentarian forces on 2 August 1644. Although Royalists briefly recaptured the home in 1645, they surrendered it in November. Amid these volatile circumstances, <mask> and her sisters Elizabeth and Frances twice entertained Charles I at Welbeck in 1645. After Charles's execution in 1649, however, the sisters' world took on a grimmer tone. Their father was labelled a traitor, and they were forced to live under house arrest, where the conduct of the Parliamentarian troops was often rude at best.<mask> continued to work toward preserving her family's possessions. She managed to barter with Royalist soldiers to have her father's valuable Van Dyck paintings and some tapestries moved to safety, and she and Frances sent out letters that provided information to the Royalist army about the status of Welbeck and its surroundings. Moreover, during this period of unrest, <mask> and her sister Elizabeth began compiling a variety of manuscript writings that they probably started working on as early as 1635—although most of the contents were written during the Civil War. These works, which were copied by their father's scribe John Rollston, are now held by the Beinecke and Bodleian libraries. Beinecke Osborn MS b. 233 is a presentation copy manuscript of poetry written exclusively by <mask>. Bodleian Library, MS Rawl., Poet.16 is a larger compilation, titled Poems Songs a Pastorall and a Play by the Right Honorable the Lady <mask> and Lady Elizabeth Brackley, comprising writings by <mask> and Elizabeth. The sisters' individual contributions are noted in the margins by Rollston. The sisters' collaborative writings were probably interrupted when Elizabeth moved to Ashridge to live with her husband, John Egerton. Frances and <mask> would eventually follow Elizabeth to Ashridge for a brief interval because of the relative stability that it offered in contrast to their own besieged home. In 1654, <mask> married Charles Cheyne (who would later become Viscount Newhaven). <mask> and Charles had three children: Elizabeth (born 1656), William (born 1657), and Catherine (born 1658). Even as the Civil War continued, <mask> and her husband found themselves able to enjoy a degree of comfort.Charles even managed to buy the former royal palace and manor of Chelsea with his wife's dowry. Later years
The Restoration brought some changes into <mask>'s world, a major one being the return of her father to England with his second wife—Margaret Lucas <mask>. Margaret was an unwelcome addition to the family, and <mask> wrote several letters discussing the control Margaret was exercising over William's property and income with other members of the family. Some scholars have read the character of "Lady Tranquility" in <mask> and Elizabeth's play The Concealed Fansyes as a satire of Margaret Lucas, but others consider this unlikely. While the fictional father's choice of an unsuitable fiancée may reflect some anxiety on his daughters' parts, there are few if any similarities to the real Margaret Lucas. Furthermore, the manuscript book which contains The Concealed Fansyes, another play and a variety of poems, was prepared as a presentation copy, a gift to <mask> from his daughters, intended for his pleasure and enjoyment. It seems likely that his daughters sought to emulate their playwright father, not offend him.In 1664, <mask>'s sister Elizabeth died in childbed, which prompted <mask> to write an elegy on Elizabeth. It is difficult to know how much poetry <mask> wrote during these later years. The elegy for Elizabeth is the only trace of it that has yet been discovered, but Nathan Comfort Starr and others have suggested that <mask> continued to write poetry throughout her life. Regardless of whether or not she wrote poetry after leaving Welbeck in the 1650s, <mask> did manage to leave her mark on the world in a highly public way: she used her own money to have Chelsea Church re-roofed in 1667. After her death in 1669 from a series of epileptic fits, <mask>'s impact on Chelsea was chronicled in a funeral sermon by Adam Littleton and an elegy by Thomas Lawrence. Both of these texts make mention of how <mask> used her financial resources to benefit her community; the texts also imply that <mask>'s role as a literary author was not unknown to her friends and neighbours. First at Welbeck and later in the house she shared with her husband and in the community of Chelsea more broadly, <mask> engaged in culture on her own terms.There continues to be much that we do not know about how her works were circulated, how she developed her own political networks, and what her status was in her community, but by examining her manuscript writings within the sophisticated (and continually evolving) frameworks for approaching manuscript culture that scholars like Margaret J. M. Ezell, Harold Love, and Heidi Brayman Hackel have recently developed, we can begin to disentangle some of the complexities surrounding this amazingly resilient, creative woman's writings and her world. Archives containing <mask>'s works
A Celebration of Women Writers (Online editions)
 The Concealed Fansyes: A Play by Lady <mask> and Lady Elizabeth Brackley (Cheyne, <mask>, Lady, 1621–1669 and Egerton, <mask>, 1626–1663). Edited by Nathan Comfort Starr. PMLA, Vol. 46, No. 3 (Sep. 1931), pp. 802–838.Copyright not renewed. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Osborn Shelves MS b.233. Presentation volume of the works of <mask>. Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, Oxford. MS Rawl. Poet 16.Presentation volume of the works of Elizabeth Egerton and
<mask>. Huntington Library, San Marino, CA
MS EL 8048. Letter from <mask> Egerton to <mask>. MS EL 8353. Poem, "On the death of my Dear Sister,” by <mask> Cheyne, 1663. MS EL 11143. Account book of Lady <mask>ne.University of Nottingham, Nottingham. MS Portland PwV 19. Thomas Lawrence's elegy for <mask> Cheyne. References

Sources
Marie-Louise Coolahan, "Presentation volume of <mask>'s poetry" (Yale University, Beinecke Library Osborn MS b.233). Early Modern Women's Manuscript Poetry. Ed. Jill Seal Millman and Gillian Wright.New York and Manchester: Manchester UP, 2005
Germaine Greer, Susan Hastings, Jeslyn Medoff and Melinda Sansone. "Lady <mask> and Lady Elizabeth Brackley", Kissing the Rod: An Anthology of Seventeenth-Century Women's Verse. Camden Town, London: Virago, 1988
Nathan Comfort Starr, "The Concealed Fansyes: A Play by Lady <mask> and Lady Elizabeth Brackley", PMLA 46.3 (September 1931), pp. 802–338

Bibliography
Alexandra G. Bennett, "'Now let my language speake': The Authorship, Rewriting, and Audience(s) of <mask> and Elizabeth Brackley". Early Modern Literary Studies 11.2 (September 2005): 3.1–13
S. P. Cerasano and Marion Wynne-Davies, eds,
2Elizabeth Brackley and <mask>, The Concealed Fancies (c. 1645), Renaissance Drama by Women: Texts and Documents, New York and London: Routledge, 1996
Margaret J. M. Ezell, "To Be Your Daughter in Your Pen: The Social Functions of Literature in the Writings of Lady Elizabeth Brackley and <mask> <mask>". Huntington Library Quarterly 51.4 (1988) pp. 281–296
Alison Findlay, "Playing the 'scene self' in <mask> and Elizabeth Brackley's The Concealed Fancies".Enacting Gender on the English Renaissance Stage. Ed. Anne Russell and Viviana Comensoli. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1999, pp. 154–176

Kamille Stone Stanton, "The Domestication of Royalist Themes in the Manuscript Writings of <mask> and Elizabeth Brackley", Clio: A Journal of Literature, History and the Philosophy of History 36:2 (Spring 2007)
Marion Wynne-Davies, "<mask> and <mask>"; "<mask>"; "<mask>", Women Poets of the Renaissance''. London: J. M. Dent, 1998

Daughters of English dukes
1621 births
1669 deaths
English women dramatists and playwrights
English women poets
17th-century English women writers
17th-century English writers
Jane
17th-century English dramatists and playwrights
Cavaliers
Women in the English Civil War

masks:
Jane Cavendish
William Cavendish
Jane
Jane
William Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
William Cavendish
Jane
Jane
Jane Cave
Jane
Jane
Cavendish
Cavendish
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane Cavendish
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Cavendish
Jane
Jane
William Cavendish
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane
Elizabeth Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Elizabeth Cavendish
Jane Cheyne
Jane Cavendish
Jane Chey
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Lady Jane
Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Jane
Elizabeth Cavendish
Jane Cavendish
Elizabeth Cavendish


texts:
<mask> (; born 21 November 1930) is a former South Korean admiral, diplomat and politician, serving as the Chief of Naval Operations, the Ambassadors to the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan, and a member of National Assembly before retirement. Started his military career in 1951, <mask> participated several maritime operations during the Korean War and the Cold War, assigned to positions like warship commander, flotilla commander, naval station commander, fleet commander and senior staff in the Navy Headquarters. <mask> also gained himself several medals from South Korea and Taiwan for his efforts on military and foreign affairs. Early life and military career

Belonging to the Gimhae <mask> clan, <mask> was born in Miryang, Keishō-nandō of the Japanese Korea (now South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea) on November 21, 1930, and spent years studying at Jinhae High School. On September 1, 1948, <mask> attend the Korea Naval Academy, and was commissioned as an Ensign after graduating with the 4th class on August 31, 1951. In his beginning career as naval officer, <mask> was an active chief for PT boat repair during the Korean War, and saw operations with different scale in places like offshore Wonsan, north of the 38th parallel. In 1953, he went to the United States for a six-month study, learning maintenance knowledge at a naval yard in Virginia.He was also awarded the Chungmu's Order of Military Merit with silver star in 1953 for participating the war. In 1954, <mask>-kon was promoted to Lieutenant and a PT boat leader. During his years as field officer, he assumed command of vessels like LSM-613 Ulleung (; from August 1, 1956 to November 7, 1957) and PCEC-53 Hansan (; from July 5, 1962 to August 3, 1963), later a professor at the Joint Forces Staff College (JFCS) in 1964. On April 6, 1966, he became captain of the destroyer DD-91 Chungmu (), and saw combat against a North Korean spy ship at night on October 10. <mask>, commanding Chungmu on a security mission at Japan Sea, encountered the North Korean vessel on territorial waters between the 38th parallel and Ulleungdo, and sank it with bombardment after a three-hour chase. For the victory of Chungmu, <mask> received the Hwarang's Order of Military Merit. On January 31, 1967, <mask> ended his tenure as the captain of Chungmu, and was assigned to a naval station () as its chief of staff in 1968.On 1970, he officially gained the rank of Rear Admiral lower half, becoming commander of South Korean Navy's 2nd Flotilla. Other major assignments included the commander of Inchon Guard District (1971), Deputy Chief of Staff for G3-Operations, commander of the naval station (1973), commander of the Korean Fleet (1975) and Vice Chief of Naval Operations (1977). On April 16, 1979, he was promoted to full Admiral and was appointed as the 12th Chief of Naval Operations. In 1980 he also worked as a member of the Special Committee for National Security Measures (SCNSM), a junta-like committee establish by coup d'état leader Chun Doo-hwan (who was seizing state power as then-Defense Security Commander). Diplomatic and political career
<mask>-kon retired from the post as Chief of Naval Operations on May 14, 1981, and was later appointed as the country's Ambassador to the ROC on July 25. He arrived at Taipei on August 18 to assume his new office, handing in the Letter of credence on August 25. During his term as the foremost Korean representative to the ROC, <mask> saw the hijacking of CAAC Flight 296, which led to a diplomatic dispute between Seoul and Taipei because the six hijackers defecting from Shenyang, People's Republic of China (PRC) was in custody after landing on South Korean soil.Taipei, however, regarded them as anti-communist patriots, and ask the Koreans to release them to Taiwan. <mask> took the role of communicator for this incident for nearly one year, passing the Taiwanese public opinion to Seoul, and suggest the latter to carry out administrative remedies as solution. The six was finally allowed to depart from Korea and headed for Taiwan in 1984. On April 11, 1985, the South Korean government announced the replacement of its six ambassadors abroad, with <mask>-kon's post succeeded by <mask>-tae, a former Air Force Chief of Staff. The ROC government awarded <mask>-kon with Order of Brilliant Star (2nd rank) for his contribution in enhancing Korea-Taiwan relation and cooperation as ambassador on May 3. After returning to Korea, <mask> remained as an Ambassador-at-Large at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs until April 8, 1986. He later launched into politics and was elected in 1988 as a member of the 13th National Assembly from Democratic Justice Party (DJP), then ruling party of South Korea which merged with the Unification Democratic Party (UDP) and New Democratic Republican Party (RP) to form the new Democratic Liberal Party (later New Korea Party) in 1990.Personal life and awards
<mask>-kon married <mask>-jo (), with whom he has three sons: Myung-joon (), Hee-joon () and Seong-joon (). The former two also joined the navy, graduated as Officer cadets 70th class and 71st class. A Christian, <mask>'s hobbies included reading classical novels/historical stories and playing ball games. After retirement, he joined an advisory council of reserve admirals () hosted by Admiral An Pyong-tae, then-Chief of Naval Operations, in 1996. In 1998 he was also elected as the 5th Vice President of the Korean Retired Generals and Admirals Association (). Besides medals like the Chungmu's Order of Military Merit with silver star in 1953, the Hwarang's Order of Military Merit in 1966 and the Taiwanese Order of Brilliant Star 2nd rank in 1985, <mask> was also awarded the Order of National Security Merit 4th rank (1968), Cheon-Su Medal (1971), Tong-il Medal (1979) and the Eulji's Order of Military Merit (1980). See also
Republic of Korea Armed Forces
Republic of Korea Navy
South Korea–Taiwan relations

References

1930 births
Living people
Chiefs of Naval Operations (South Korea)
South Korean military personnel of the Korean War
Ambassadors of South Korea to Taiwan
Members of the National Assembly (South Korea)
South Korean Christians
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Korea)
Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star
People from South Gyeongsang Province
Gimhae <mask> clan
Korea Naval Academy alumni

masks:
Kim Chong kon
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim Chong kon
Kim
Kim
Kim Chong
Kim
Kim
Kim
Kim Chong
Kim
Kim
Kim Chong
Kim Sang
Kim Chong
Kim
Kim Chong
Kim Sang
Kim
Kim
Kim


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<mask> (born 24 September 1978) is an English mixed martial artist currently signed to Absolute Championship Berkut. He is the former Cage Rage British Featherweight Champion. He competed as a bantamweight in the Ultimate Fighting Championship; Dana White  stated that <mask> was one of his favourite fighters to watch. He has also competed for World Extreme Cagefighting and BodogFIGHT, and at the Dynamite!! USA event. Background
<mask> & Dave, wearing a string vest, cut-off jeans and his customary trilby hat. He is a supporter of the London football club Tottenham Hotspur.<mask> played football and boxed growing up, before becoming interested in MMA. Mixed martial arts career
Early in his career, <mask> fought mainly for the Cage Rage organisation; his first appearance was on 27 November 2004 with a win over Stuart Grant. He became the Cage Rage British Featherweight Champion on 10 September 2005 at Cage Rage 13 by defeating Ozzy Haluk via submission. On 22 August, at Ultimate Challenge MMA: Payback (held in The Troxy, London), <mask> won his seventh successive mixed martial arts bout, against David Lee. The win came due to a guillotine choke in the first round. World Extreme Cagefighting
On 30 October 2009, the Zuffa-owned WEC announced they had signed <mask> to a multi-fight deal. <mask>, fighting at bantamweight, made his WEC debut against Kyle Dietz on 19 December 2009 at WEC 45.He won the fight via submission in the second round, also winning Submission of the Night honours. <mask> next faced WEC newcomer Demetrious Johnson on 24 April 2010 at WEC 48. In a competitive fight, both men exchanged takedowns and strikes throughout, though <mask> was more dominant on the ground, controlling the fight with well-timed takedowns and counter-strikes: <mask> won via unanimous decision (30-27, 30–27, 29–28). <mask>'s next bout was against WEC veteran Scott Jorgensen. <mask> had some success on his feet during the first two rounds, but was ultimately out-wrestled by the 3-time Pac-10 champion in the latter two rounds, losing to Jorgensen 30–27 on all the judges' scorecards. <mask> then faced Ivan Menjivar on 16 December 2010 at WEC 53. Both fighters proved to be evenly matched; <mask> edged a unanimous decision 29–28.Ultimate Fighting Championship

Bantamweight
In October 2010, World Extreme Cagefighting merged with the Ultimate Fighting Championship. As part of the merger, all WEC fighters were transferred to the UFC. <mask> was expected to make his UFC debut against former WEC Bantamweight Champion Miguel Torres on 28 May 2011 at UFC 130. However, <mask> was forced out of the bout with an injury and replaced by Demetrious Johnson. <mask> faced Renan Barão on 5 November 2011 at UFC 138. <mask> was submitted in the first round via rear-naked choke. The bout earned Fight of the Night honours.<mask> defeated Damacio Page by submission via rear-naked-choke in the second round of UFC on Fuel TV: Gustafsson vs. Silva. on 14 April 2012. The bout was awarded Fight of the Night. <mask> next fought Yves Jabouin on 29 September 2012 at UFC on Fuel TV 5. He won the fight via first-round KO, earning Knockout of the Night honours in the process. <mask> was defeated by Eddie Wineland via split decision on 29 December 2012 at UFC 155. <mask> faced Mike Easton on 6 April 2013 at UFC on Fuel TV 9.He won the back-and-forth fight via split decision. The win earned <mask> another Fight of the Night bonus. <mask> faced Michael McDonald on 17 August 2013, at UFC Fight Night 26. <mask> lost the fight via submission (triangle choke) in the second round. Despite the loss, <mask> was given a Fight of the Night bonus. Flyweight
In late 2013, it was announced that <mask> would drop down to the Flyweight division for his next fight. He was expected to make his Flyweight debut against Ian McCall at UFC Fight Night 37 on 8 March 2014.However, on 13 February, it was announced that McCall had pulled out of the bout and was replaced by promotional newcomer Neil Seery. He won the fight via unanimous decision. The rescheduled bout with McCall took place on 19 July 2014 at UFC Fight Night 46. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Chico Camus on 22 November 2014 at UFC Fight Night 57. He lost the back-and-forth fight via split decision. Return to Bantamweight
<mask> faced Thomas Almeida in a bantamweight bout on 11 July 2015 at UFC 189.He lost his third consecutive fight via KO in the second round. <mask> was expected to face Henry Briones on 27 February 2016 at UFC Fight Night 84. However, Briones pulled out of the bout on January 22 and was replaced by Francisco Rivera. <mask> won the back-and-forth fight via split decision. 19 of 24 media outlets scored the bout in favour of Rivera. The bout with Henry Briones was rescheduled and expected to take place on 3 September 2016 at UFC Fight Night 93. However, in early August, Briones was replaced  Iuri Alcântara, for undisclosed reasons.Subsequently, the pairing was rescheduled to take place a month later at UFC 204. <mask> lost the fight via submission in the first round. <mask> faced Urijah Faber on 17 December 2016 at UFC on Fox 22. He lost via by unanimous decision. A rescheduled fight with Henry Briones was expected to take place on 18 March 2017. However, Briones pulled out a week before the event and was replaced by Marlon Vera. Due to the short notice and preparation for Vera, the bout was contested at a catch weight of 140 lbs.<mask> lost the fight via TKO in the third round. After the fight, <mask> confirmed his intention to retire from MMA competition. Return from retirement
After a self-imposed 17-month hiatus, <mask> signed a multi-fight deal with Absolute Championship Berkut and was expected to fight in ACB's first event in London, ACB 91 against Jesse Brock. However, the event was cancelled and <mask>'s status with the promotion moving forward is unknown. Bare Knuckle Fighting
<mask> signed with BKB, a bare knuckle fighting organisation in Great Britain, and was scheduled to make his debut in the sport and organisation on March 30, 2019. <mask> won his debut.

masks:
Brad Pickett
Pickett
Picketts
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Pickett
Brad Pickett
Pickett


texts:
Daniel Miguel Alves Gomes (born 7 August 1983), commonly known as <mask>, is a Portuguese former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. Also a winger, he was known for his dribbling and key passes. He spent most of his career in Russia in service of Dynamo Moscow and Zenit, after arriving at the age of 21 from Sporting. He won six items of silverware with Zenit, including three Russian Premier League titles. <mask>mo / Sporting
Born to Portuguese parents in Caracas, Venezuela, <mask> moved to the island of Madeira when he was 15 years old. There, he developed his football skills in the youth teams of C.S.Marítimo, making his professional debut in a 2–1 Primeira Liga home win against Gil Vicente F.C. on 1 October 2001. A few months later he scored his first goal in a 1–2 loss at S.C. Salgueiros, also being sent off in the 60th minute; he finished his first season with five goals in 20 games. Having signed to Sporting CP for €2.1 million after that sole season, <mask>mo, returning in June 2004 and going on to appear in 12 official matches for the Lions. Dynamo Moscow

In February 2005, <mask> joined Russia's FC Dynamo Moscow in a deal worth €2 million. The club was also involved in other transfer deals of Portuguese and Portugal-based players at the time, including Derlei and Maniche. <mask> would eventually be the one with the most success in the country, being awarded the "Player of the Year" award and leading the team to a second-place finish in 2008.His last appearance for Dynamo came on 23 August 2008, in a 1–1 away draw against FC Spartak Moscow. Zenit

On 24 August 2008, <mask> was bought by FC Zenit St. Petersburg for a fee of €30 million, which made him the most expensive player of the Russian Premier League. Upon his arrival manager Dick Advocaat hailed him as "the best midfielder in Russia", and he made his debut in the UEFA Super Cup game against Manchester United where he scored the winning goal, later being named Man of the match in a 2–1 final win; as the team finished the season in fifth place the player contributed with ten league goals, the competition's joint second-best. On 14 June 2011, <mask> signed a contract extension, prolonging his stay in Saint Petersburg by a further four years. He played in all six group stage games in the 2011–12 edition of the UEFA Champions League, scoring in a 3–1 home win against FC Porto as they eventually finished second in their group, level on points with winners APOEL FC – the match also happened to be the player's 100th appearance in a Zenit jersey; on 6 February 2012, however, he suffered an anterior cruciate ligament injury to his right knee, being sidelined for the following eight months. <mask> returned to training in August 2012, and played in his first match since the injury in September. Shortly after Igor Denisov was sent to the youth team for improper conduct, he was appointed club captain.Down 0–2 at home to Málaga CF on 21 November for the Champions League group stage, <mask> exchanged passes with Tomáš Hubočan before scoring Zenit's first goal. With three minutes left in the game, he missed from less than a metre from goal before the ball was rebounded to Victor Fayzulin, who managed to find the net for the final 2–2 draw. On 4 December, against A.C. Milan, he netted the game's only goal as his side won at the San Siro in the last contest; the result was in vain, however, as the Russians finished third and were relegated to the UEFA Europa League. In a home match against FC Anzhi Makhachkala on 10 December 2012, <mask> picked up a red card for dissent in a 1–1 draw, which left Zenit in third place. On 3 August of the following year, he scored a hat-trick as his team defeated FC Volga Nizhny Novgorod 3–1 in a league match. On 26 November 2014, <mask> kept Zenit in contention for a Champions League knockout place by scoring the only goal in a home victory over S.L. Benfica.For the 2014–15 season, he contributed with 28 games and three goals as the club won its second national championship in four years. After initially announcing that he would be parting ways with Zenit on 28 May 2015, <mask> agreed to a new two-year contract on 5 June, following which he left as a free agent. Slavia Prague
On 27 June 2017, <mask> signed with Czech club SK Slavia Prague. At the end of the season, his contract was dissolved by mutual consent. Marítimo return
On 22 July 2018, Marítimo announced the return of <mask>mo after 14 years. He was released from his contract by mutual consent on 27 December. International career

<mask> made his debut for Portugal in a friendly against the Faroe Islands, a 5–0 home win played on 20 August 2008.He scored his first goal for the national side on 19 November, opening the score against Brazil; however, it turned out to be a sour one, as the hosts came from behind to take it 6–2. After having appeared with Portugal at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, in an eventual group stage exit, while also playing regularly with the under-21s, <mask> was picked in the squad that appeared at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He played three games in the tournament in an eventual round-of-16 exit, including the full 90 minutes in the 0–0 group stage draw to Brazil. <mask> was regularly used by managers Carlos Queiroz and Paulo Bento during the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign. On 3 September 2010, he netted in a 4–4 draw against minnows Cyprus at the Estádio D. Afonso Henriques in Guimarães after the national team led 4–2. He missed the finals in Poland and Ukraine however, due to a serious injury; also due to physical ailments, he was ruled out of the 2016 edition. Personal life
Married to Petra Gomes, <mask> fathered twin sons Bernardo and Francisco, both of which played youth football with Zenit, and daughter Emily.Career statistics

Club

International

|}

Honours

Club
Sporting
Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2002

Zenit
Russian Football Premier League: 2010, 2011–12, 2014–15
Russian Cup: 2009–10, 2015–16
Russian Super Cup: 2011
UEFA Super Cup: 2008

Slavia Prague
Czech Cup: 2017–18

Individual
2008 UEFA Super Cup: Man of the Match
Footballer of the Year in Russia (Sport-Express): 2010
Footballer of the Year in Russia (Futbol): 2010
List of 33 top players of the Russian league: 2008 (best central midfielder), 2010 (best left winger) 2013–14 (best left winger), 2014–15 (best left winger)

Notes

References

External links

Zenit official profile

Russian Premier League profile
National team data

1983 births
Living people
Venezuelan people of Portuguese descent
Venezuelan emigrants to Portugal
Sportspeople from Caracas
Citizens of Portugal through descent
Portuguese footballers
Madeiran footballers
Association football midfielders
Primeira Liga players
Segunda Divisão players
C.S. Marítimo players
Sporting CP footballers
Sporting CP B players
Russian Premier League players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
Czech First League players
SK Slavia Prague players
Portugal youth international footballers
Portugal under-21 international footballers
Portugal international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Olympic footballers of Portugal
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Portuguese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in the Czech Republic
Portuguese expatriate sportspeople in Russia

masks: Danny Dannyti Danny Dannyíti Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Danny Dannyti Danny Danny Danny Danny


texts:
Pedro José Lobo  Order of the Colonial Empire, Order of Infante D. Henrique  (Manatuto, Timor-Leste, January 12, 1892 – Hong Kong, October 1, 1965) was an important entrepreneur, politician, philanthropist, civil servant, musician, leader and cultural facilitator of Macau, a prominent member of the Macanese elite of the time. As head of the Central Bureau of Economic Services, <mask> distinguished himself during World War II, in the resolution of the 1952 Portas do Cerco Incident, and in the gold trade, which enriched him. He was also owner and manager of the Macau Water Supply Company and founder of the Macau Air Transport Company (MATCO), in 1948. He was also a patron and promoter of Macau's cultural, musical and artistic life. He founded Rádio Vila Verde and the Cultural Circle of Macau. <mask> was president of the Municipal Council of Macau (1959–1964) and member of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia. In religious terms, he was a member of the Congregation of Our Lady of Fatima, which brought together Catholic local devotees to Our Lady of Fatima.Biography

On January 12, 1892, <mask> <mask> was born in Manatuto, in Timor-Leste. Of Portuguese nationality, he was a mestizo Portuguese-descendant or Macanese from Timor, with Malay, Chinese, Dutch and Portuguese ancestors. <mask>'s adoptive father was the lawyer Belarmino <mask>, born in Goa on May 21, 1849 and died in Dili on November 9, 1914. On October 20, 1917, the government official in Timor, César Augusto Rocha de Abreu Castelo Branco released him, "upon request, from the position of member of the Dili Municipal Commission". <mask> studied at the prestigious São José Seminary in Macau. On October 16, 1920, <mask> married in Hong Kong Branca Helena Hyndman, the daughter of an old Macanese family that lived in Macau in the 18th century and in Hong Kong in the early years of its foundation. The Hyndman family, influential in Hong Kong, has Scottish, Portuguese and Asian ancestry.<mask> had six children with Branca Hyndman: Marieta Hyndman <mask>, Olivia Maria Hyndman <mask>, Rogério Hyndman <mask> (or Sir Roger <mask>), Natércia Hyndman <mask>, Orlando dos Passos Hyndman Lobo and <mask> <mask>. World War II

During World War II, <mask>, as director of the Central Bureau of Economic Services (also called the Bureau of Economic Services of Macau) had to deal with the Japanese to solve the desperate problem of scarcity of food and other necessities. The Japanese had seized the Hong Kong region in December 1941 and thus de facto controlled the borders of the officially neutral Portuguese colony. To deal with this problem, <mask>, representing the Government of Macau, proceeded to nationalize all food items in Macau's private businesses and stores. This nationalization consisted of buying all the necessary food items, such as rice, cereals and preserved cans, at a fair market price, and storing them in government stores created for this purpose. However, this solution failed to free Macau from long-term hunger, as many people, especially refugees, were unable to afford the increasingly astronomical prices of food, resorting to and emptying these public stores. As the problem worsened, the Government of Macau, headed by Governor Gabriel Maurício Teixeira and represented by <mask>, had to deliver to the Japanese everything that had value, including ships, cannons and communication equipment, in exchange for food.Thus, the Japanese were able to control Macau's economic and political activity. In fact, Colonel Sawa, a commander of the Kempeitai, was effectively the shadow chief of the Macau Bureau of Economic Services, then formally led by <mask>. To manage trade between the Government and the Japanese, the latter created the Macau Cooperative Company (CCM), a monopoly company owned by the Government (33.3%), the Japanese army (33.3%) and several wealthy entrepreneurs (33.3%), most of whom were from Hong Kong. These entrepreneurs, among whom Sir Robert Ho Tung stood out, managed to take refuge and transfer their business and goods to Macau, even before Hong Kong was occupied by the Japanese. Officially, this monopoly company was managed by <mask> <mask>, the delegate of the Government of Macau. But in fact it was controlled by the Japanese and served the Japanese political-military objectives of controlling the circulation of essential goods in Macau. In addition to the Japanese, the Macau Cooperative Company (CCM) also served the interests of its business shareholders and speculators, who were able to profit from the food shortages caused by the war.However, the Macau Government, more concerned with keeping Japanese food permits and meeting the basic needs of its population, did not care that the private shareholders profited from it. From this and other businesses Stanley Ho, who achieved a prominent position at CCM because of his great uncle Robert Ho Tung, and <mask> <mask>, became rich. Near the end of the war, on January 16, 1945, the gas tanks of the Outer Harbor and several strategic points in Macau were bombed and machine-gunned by American planes, despite the fact that Macau was neutral territory. The air raid left five dead and several injured. Gasoline, which was to be sold to the Japanese that day in exchange for rice, was set on fire. <mask>, who was the exchange negotiator and was present in the warehouses at the time of the attack, fled immediately to his car, which was also strafed and machine-gunned. He managed to survive because he threw himself on the ground, abandoning the car.Gold trading

After the Second World War, the gold trade became one of the most important economic activities in Macau, because Macau was not currently covered by the 1944 Bretton Woods agreements. These international agreements fixed exchange rates and restricted world trade in gold, banning imports of gold for individual use and stipulating that each troy ounce of gold legally cost US$35. At that time, the lucrative but obscure trade in gold was effectively controlled by a restricted group of businessmen from Macau and Hong Kong, among whom were Ho Sin Hang, Cheng Yu Tung, YC Liang, Ho Yin and <mask> <mask>. With his involvement in the gold trade, <mask> became one of the wealthiest men in Macau and Far East, in the 1950s. However, not all historians agree that the concession of the monopoly of the gold trade was attributed to <mask>. In addition to being an entrepreneur, he also controlled the issuing and granting of licenses for import, including gold, since he was at the time the head of the Central Bureau of Economic Services of Macau. With this control, <mask> managed to create "a group of strong allies, who gave him information, who told him what was going on".At the time, it was said that <mask> was the only citizen of Macau who could smuggle gold without being arrested by the authorities. This gold was purchased in countries that did not adhere to the Bretton Woods Agreements (e.g. Russia and Mexico) at a price much lower than the international reference value stipulated by the Agreements. The gold was transported from Hong Kong to Macau every Saturday by a seaplane Catalina from Macau Air Transport Company (MATCO). It was said that the police themselves helped to unload this gold, which was then sold at an international reference price ($35 per ounce) in Macau, entering the official circuit and thus giving <mask> a good profit. <mask> José <mask> also profited from the Macau-Hong Kong air link made by Macau Air Transport Company (MATCO) seaplanes, which was founded in 1948 by <mask> and the Cathay Pacific founders. At the time, this company was the only company that flew the Macau-Hong Kong air route and served to transport gold from Hong Kong to Macau.This gold, which arrived in Hong Kong from several different countries, could not be traded in Hong Kong, because this British colony was covered by the Bretton Woods Agreements at that time. Due to this fact, a Macau-Hong Kong trade axis was established, in which Hong Kong, British, French, Swiss, and American businessmen also participated, thus using Macau to "legalize [their] business". Due to his importance and wealth, several magazines and writers wrote about <mask>, as was the case with Life magazine and the book "Thrilling Cities" (1959) by Ian Fleming, best known for being the creator of James Bond. Ian Fleming, who visited Macau in 1959, interviewed <mask> about the gold trade and his impressions of Macau. Some authors claim that <mask> <mask> served as the basis for the creation of the characters Goldfinger and Oddjob, who appear in the adventures of James Bond. Siege Gate Incident

In 1952, during Joaquim Marques Esparteiro, the Portas do Cerco Incident took place, a series of small armed conflicts between Portuguese and Chinese soldiers at the Portas do Cerco, the land border between Macau and Mainland China. At that time, this boundary was not yet well-defined, thus generating confusion and disputes.The incident was mainly caused by the fact that the Government of Macau decided, under pressure from the governments of Portugal and the United States of America, to increase control of the movement of goods between Macau and the People's Republic of China, which at that time was under a Western embargo. The Government planned to set up a Trade Coordinating Commission, independent of the Sino-Macanese elite, to exercise control of movement. Armed conflicts intensified in May, June, and mainly in July, when the Chinese authorities unilaterally imposed a blockade on commercial, land, river, and sea communications between Macau and mainland China. This blockade caused a major shortage of basic goods, mainly food, in Macau. In August, after intense negotiations through local diplomatic intermediaries, the authorities in Macau and mainland China were able to resolve the incident. These diplomatic intermediaries were members of the local Sino-Macanese elite, among whom Ho Yin, Ma Man-kei, and <mask> <mask> stood out. In fact, it was <mask> who managed to resolve the impasse of the negotiations, by suggesting offering his personal regret for the incident, thus not compromising the Portuguese administration of Macau.In August 1952, <mask> eventually signed a written apology on behalf of the Portuguese administration in Zhuhai and provided compensation for the Chinese casualties. The resolution of the incident allowed the People's Republic of China to continue to use Macau as a gateway for necessary and strategic goods prohibited by the Western embargo. According to Portuguese historian Moisés Silva Fernandes, the increased status that <mask> <mask> and Ho Yin came to enjoy after the incident allowed them to prevent, during the next ten years, any increase in taxes and fees on the gold monopoly previously granted to <mask> and Ho Yin by the Government of Macau. <mask>'s importance was also revealed in the great influence he had on the newly created Trade Coordinating Commission, which was supposed to be theoretically independent from the local elite. In fact, before the incident Governor Esparteiro had secretly ordered the commission to "maintain an intimate collaboration" with <mask>, because he "has extensive experience in the matter and [his] indications and advice can be very useful", this support being "indispensable for the smooth running of the work under the responsibility of the Commission". Culture and arts
Being a great lover of culture and especially music, <mask> directed operettas and wrote several musical works, some of which were praised by the Musical Academy of Lisbon. His musical compositions were grouped into several albums.One of his most important and famous compositions was an operetta in three acts, called "Cruel Separation", first presented to the public in 1950/1951. In 1950, <mask> founded the Cultural Circle of Macau (CCM), which aimed to "promote the dissemination of artistic-literary culture, especially Portuguese [...] and make Macau, under all its multiple aspects, better and more perfectly known in the Metropolis, in the other Portuguese colonies, and in all parts of the world where the mother tongue" is spoken. Among other things, the CCM published the cultural magazine "Mosaico", written in Portuguese, Chinese and English. The main contributors to "Mosaico" were Graciette Batalha, Father Fernando Herberto Maciel, Henrique de Senna Fernandes, <mask> Machado, Luís Gonzaga Gomes, Captain Pimentel Bastos, Lígia Pinto Ribeiro and António Nolasco. Basically, the various activities sponsored and organized by the CCM marked and enriched Macau's cultural life in the 1950s. References

1892 births
1965 deaths
20th-century Portuguese businesspeople
20th-century Portuguese politicians
20th-century Portuguese musicians

masks:
Pedro José Lobo
Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Lobo
Pedro Hyndman
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Lobo
Pedro José
Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
Pedro Lobo
José Silveira


texts:
<mask><mask> is Novartis Professor of Marketing Strategy and Innovation at the Indian School of Business. He has been a tenured professor and an academic administrator and has worked in the United States, Singapore, and India. He has been listed in the Forbes's Tycoons of Tomorrow 2018. He is also a member of the board of directors of Happiest Minds, a publicly listed company in India. Early life and education
Born in Lucknow, India, <mask> did his schooling at the La Martiniere College, Lucknow and he holds a B.Tech. (Honors) in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kanpur, MS (Industrial Engineering) from the University of Rhode Island, and MBA and Ph.D. in business from the University of Pittsburgh. Education:
1979	Ph.D. (Business Administration), University of Pittsburgh
1978	MBA, University of Pittsburgh
1974	MS (Industrial Engineering), University of Rhode Island
1972	B.Tech.(Mechanical Engineering), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur

Academic career

<mask> has served as Provost and Deputy President at Singapore Management University, and as Senior Associate Dean at both the McCombs Business School at the University of Texas at Austin and at the Goizueta Business School at Emory University. He has held the George Kozmetsky Centennial Chair at UT-Austin and the Roberto C. Goizueta Chair in Marketing and Digital Commerce at Emory University. <mask> serves as a Research Fellow at the Institute for Studies in Business Markets (ISBM), Smeal College of Business, Penn State University and at IC-Sq. Institute, the University of Texas at Austin. He is also a Mack Institute Senior Fellow, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. He has been a Visiting Professor at London Business School, Indian School of Business and Helsinki School of Economics. He has led innovation-driven and research-informed changes in academic programs.He is a strong advocate for a balance between theory and practice as well as for relevant research that informs and influences both management practices and public policy. Professional activities and research

Srivastava is committed to cross-functional integration in the management of business processes. He has championed inter-disciplinary research and academic programs and has nurtured multi-disciplinary areas of excellence in financial markets, innovation, and business analytics at SMU. This interest is also reflected in his work related to technology commercialization at ATI and IC2 Institute at UT Austin. A highly cited scholar, his research, spanning marketing and finance/economics, has been published in Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Marketing Science and Journal of Banking and Finance. He was a guest editor for the Journal of Marketing Research's Special Issue on Brand Management and Equity, and the Journal of Marketing Special Issues on Marketing Strategy Meets Wall Street (2009 and 2016 [in process]). Additionally, he has served on the editorial boards of several academic journals including Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) and International Journal for Research in Marketing (IJRM).Srivastava's research interests include Marketing Strategy, Marketing Metrics, and Brand/Customer Management. His current work focuses on Business Model Innovations, especially in Services, B2B, Technology and Emerging Markets. His current teaching interests include Business Model Innovation, Strategic Performance Management, Marketing Accountability and Driving Growth and Shareholder Value. He is best known for his work on measuring the impact of market-facing business processes (innovation, supply-chain and customer management) that create value for customers, and the value of market-based assets (customers, channels, brands and value networks). He is also well known for his work in competitive market structures and brand equity/strategic brand management. Awards and accolades

Srivastava was inducted as an AMA Fellow by the American Marketing Association in 2020. He is the recipient of the 2004 AMA Marketing Strategy SIG Mahajan Award for Career Contributions to Marketing Strategy.He also received the 1985 Alpha Kappa Psi Award from the American Marketing Association for the article in the Journal of Marketing judged to contribute most to the practice of marketing. In 1993 and 2002 he received the highest recognition for research at The University of Texas – the CBA Foundation Awards for Outstanding Research Contributions and Excellence. His paper on Market-Based Assets in the Journal of Marketing received both the 1998 Maynard Award for the article judged to contribute most to the development of theory in marketing and the MSI/Paul Root Award for the article judged to contribute most to the practice of marketing, the only time a single paper has won both awards. This same paper went on to win the AMA/Sheth Foundation Award for Long-Term contributions to the discipline of marketing. He is also a recipient of the Marketing Science Institute's Research Awards on Brand Equity and on Assessment of the Value of Information Technology. 2010	Sheth Foundation Best Paper Award for Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (Volume 37, 2009) (May 2010)
 2009	Lifetime Achievement Award, Academy of Marketing, Brand SIG (April 2010)
 2007	Award for Most Relevant (Bridging Theory and Practice) Executive MBA Course, Modular EMBA program, Emory University
 2007	Sheth Foundation Award for the article written in Journal of Marketing during the previous five to ten years that is judged to contribute most to the marketing discipline (February)
 2005	Nominated for Educator of the Year Award, Academy of Marketing Science
 2004	AMA Marketing Strategy SIG Mahajan Award for Career Contributions to Strategy
 2002	Chair for The Outstanding Submission for the 2002 ISBM Business Marketing Doctoral Support Award Competition (Maria Merino's Dissertation on Impact of Marketing on Corporate Risk)
 2002 University of Texas CBA Foundation Award for Research Excellence (for Contributions to Research on Marketing-Finance Interface)
 2002	Nominated for Teaching Excellence in Executive Programs, University of Texas
 1999	Maynard Award by the American Marketing Association for 1998 Journal of Marketing article judged to contribute most to the development of theory in marketing
 1999	Marketing Science Institute/Paul Root Award by the American Marketing Association for 1998 Journal of Marketing article judged to contribute most to the practice of marketing
 1999	MSI Best Paper Award for all manuscripts published during 1997 in the MSI Working Paper Series. Trustees of the MSI member companies confer this award.Tassu Shervani)
 Organized a team of students (BBA, MBA, and Advertising candidates) to enter the 1982 General Motors Intercollegiate Competition. The project required the development of a Marketing/Advertising campaign for the Oldsmobile Cutlass Diesel automobile. The University of Texas team placed second, nationwide. Professor Robert P. Leone was co-coordinator. Nominated the Joe D. Beasley Award (MBA Marketing Management Core Course) (1993 and 1994)
 Nominated by Marketing Department for University Level Graduate Teaching Award (for contributions to PhD Education) (1984, 1991 & 1992)
 Nominated by MBA students for "Outstanding (MBA) Core Professor," (Spring 1984, Spring 1987, Spring 1988). Teaching Excellence in Executive Programs (Runner-Up), UT-Austin (2002)

References

 Harold H. Maynard Award Previous Winners, AMA
 MSI/H. Paul Root Award Previous Winners, AMA
 Sheth Foundation/Journal of Marketing Award Previous Winners, AMA
 Vijay Mahajan Award Previous Winners, AMA
 Subscription as a service: The Netflix playbook] (6 January 2020) Fortune India
 Business School Deans Live the Crisis, Not Just Teach About It (16 June 2020) Bloomberg Businessweek
 With unpredictability comes flexibility: ISB Dean (24 June 2020) Hindu Business Line
 B-schools face a moment of reckoning (July 8, 2020) Live Mint
 B-schools should flourish under India’s revised education policy (24 September 2020) Live Mint
 Short term post-experience management courses enhance peer-to-peer learning (4 February 2019) Times of India.India’s ISB keen to partner with Bangladesh institutions (18 April 2019) The Independent
 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/why-india-lags-as-a-study-destination/articleshow/70504221.cms Why India lags as a study destination] (3 August 2019) Economic Times
 Bitner, Mahajan, and Srivastava Named Newest AMA Fellows] (12 December 2019) AMA
 Trends That Will Shape Business Education In 2018, According To Top Deans Business Because (15 January 2018)
 Most MBAs know the theory but can't convert ideas into actions: <mask> Srivastava] Forbes India (18 January 2018)
 ISB May Be The Most Interesting B-School In The World Poet & Quants (26 November 2018)
 Setting the table by reharmonizing innovation, industrial and competition policy in India (23 February 2018) Live Mint
 Blending Theory with Practice Business world (25 November 2017)

External links
 ISB Professor, Indian School of Business
 Blending Theory With Practice

La Martinière College, Lucknow alumni
American businesspeople of Indian descent
Indian emigrants to the United States
Living people
IIT Kanpur alumni
University of Rhode Island alumni
Indian business speakers
Marketing people
Marketing theorists
Emory University faculty
1951 births

masks:
Rajendra K
. Srivastava
Rajendra Srivastava
Srivastava
Srivastava
Rajendra


texts:
<mask> (; 1291 – 6 December 1352), born Pierre Roger, was head of the Catholic Church from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352. He was the fourth Avignon pope. <mask> reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death (1348–1350), during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague. Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church's ecclesiastical jurisdiction and, as <mask> VI, entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy. He recruited composers and music theorists for his court, including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries. Early life

Birth and family
Pierre Roger (also spelled Rogier and Rosiers) was born in the château of Maumont, today part of the commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Corrèze, in Limousin, France, the son of the lord of Maumont-Rosiers-d'Égletons. He had an elder brother, Guillaume, who married three times and had thirteen children; and a younger brother, Hugues, who became Cardinal Priest of S. Lorenzo in Damaso and who could have become pope in 1362.Pierre also had two sisters: Delphine, who married Jacques de Besse; and Alienor, who married Jacques de la Jugie. His brother Guillaume became Seigneur de Chambon, thanks to his wife's dowry, and, with the benefit of his papal brother's influence on King <mask>, became Vicomte de Beaufort. Monk and scholar
Roger entered the Benedictine order as a boy in 1301,  at the Abbey of La Chaise-Dieu in the diocese of Clermont in the Auvergne. After six years there, he was directed to higher studies by the Bishop of Le Puy, Jean de Cumenis, and his own abbot, Hugues d'Arc. In 1307 he took up studies in Paris at the College de Sorbonne, where he entered the Collège de Narbonne. To support him, beyond what was supplied by his bishop and his abbot, he was granted the post of Prior of St. Pantaléon in the diocese of Limoges. In the summer of 1323, after Pierre had been studying both theology and canon law in Paris for sixteen years, the Chancellor of Paris was ordered by Pope John XXII, on the recommendation of King Charles IV, to confer on him the doctorate in Theology, a chair, and a license to teach.Pierre was in his thirty-first year. He lectured publicly on the Sententiae of Peter Lombard, and defended and promoted the works of Thomas Aquinas. He was appalled by the Defensor Pacis of Marsilius of Padua, and wrote a treatise in 1325 condemning its principles and defending Pope John XXII. He was granted the priory of St. Baudil, a dependency of the Abbey of La Chaise-Dieu, on 24 April 1324, at the personal order of Pope John XXII; and then, on 23 June 1326, he was named Abbot of Fécamp, a royal abbey and one of the most important monasteries in France. He held the position until 1329. Pierre Roger was called to Avignon through the influence of his friend and protector, Cardinal Pierre de Mortemart (who was named a cardinal on 18 December 1327), both of whom were close to King Charles IV. Unfortunately, King Charles IV died on 1 February 1328, the last Capetian king of France in the direct line.As Abbot of Fécamp, and therefore a feudal subject of Edward III, Pierre  was assigned the task in 1328 of summoning Edward III of England to pay homage to <mask> of France for the duchy of Aquitaine. He received no reply, however, from King Edward, and was forced to return to France, his mission unaccomplished. Episcopacy
On 3 December 1328 Peter Roger was named Bishop of Arras, in which capacity he became a royal councilor of King <mask>. He held the diocese of Arras only until 24 November 1329, less than a year, when he was promoted to the Archdiocese of Sens. He held the Archbishopric of Sens for one year and one month, until his promotion to the See of Rouen on 14 December 1330. In 1329, while Pierre Roger was still Archbishop-elect of Sens, a major assembly of the French Clergy was held at Vincennes in the presence of King <mask> (1328–1350), to deal with issues involving the judicial powers of ecclesiastical authorities. Many propositions were put forward against ecclesiastical jurisdiction, which were ably argued by Pierre de Cugnières (Petrus de Cugneriis).Pierre Roger made the rejoinders on 22 December 1329, on behalf of the ecclesiastical authority. When Pierre Roger became Archbishop of Rouen in December 1330, he was expected to swear allegiance to his feudal overlord. King <mask> had recently given his son Jean the Dukedom of Normandy as an apanage, and Pierre was worried about what might happen if someone other than a member of the French royal family might become Duke of Normandy. He therefore asked the King for time to consider his position, but the King was firm and seized the temporalities of the Archbishop. Pierre was forced to go to Paris, where an agreement was worked out that, should someone other than a member of the royal family become Duke, then the Archbishop would swear fealty directly to the King. As Archbishop of Rouen, Roger was one of the Peers of France and he was a member of the embassy sent by King Philip to his son John, in 1333, to swear in their name to take the cross and serve in a crusade in the Holy Land. Later in the year, in Paris in the Prés des Clercs, the King received the cross personally from the hands of Archbishop Roger.It is said that he was promoted to the office of Chancellor of France, though there is no documentary proof. The earliest claim that he was Chancellor is made by Alfonso Chacon (Ciaconius) (1530–1599). In 1333, the issue of the Beatific Vision, which had been under discussion since a sermon of Pope John XXII in 1329, reached a serious stage. The French Royal Court had been hearing complaints from various quarters, and the King and Queen finally decided to seek competent advice. The <mask> knew that the University of Paris was hostile to his ideas, and so he sent Gerard Odonis, the Minister General of the Franciscans, and a Dominican preacher, to Paris to preach the <mask>'s views in public. King Philip responded to the general indignation by summoning the Masters of Theology of the University to Vincennes just before Christmas 1334, where it appeared that there was general agreement against the Pope. The King privately informed the Pope of their opinions, but the Pope harshly responded to the King that he should stop favoring an opinion which the Pope had not yet definitively settled.The Pope ordered the Archbishop of Rouen, Pierre Roger, to set the Pope's view down in writing and explain it to the King. Ironically, Pierre Roger was not on the Pope's side of the argument. A committee, which included Archbishop Roger, the theologian Pierre de la Palud (Petrus Paludensis), the Chancellor of France Guillaume de Sainte-Maure, the Archdeacon of Rouen Jean de Polenciac, and others, attempted to talk the Pope out of his notions. Early in 1334 Pope John XXII informed the King that he had ordered the Cardinals and prelates and Doctors of theology and of Canon Law at the Papal Court to look into the propositions thoroughly and report to him their findings. John XXII was attempting to save face by placing the matter in the hands of a committee, but in the end, on his deathbed, he was compelled to repudiate his opinions, which were formally condemned by his successor, Benedict XII. On 14 April 1335, Pierre Roger's friend and patron, Cardinal Pierre de Mortemart died, naming Pierre Roger as one of the executors of his Testament. In September 1335 Archbishop Roger held a provincial council at Rouen in the Priory of Nôtre-Dame-du Pré (later called Bonne-nouvelle).Two of his bishops were present, the other four were represented by procurators. The cathedral chapters of the province and the abbots of monasteries were invited as well. The council issued a dozen canons, urging the lower clergy to be diligent in their assigned duties. The most notable item was the encouragement given to bishops to facilitate the business of those who wished to join the King on crusade. Cardinalate
Pierre Roger was created a Cardinal Priest by Pope Benedict XII (1334–1342) on 18 December 1338, in his only Consistory for the creation of cardinals. He created six new cardinals: four were fellow monks (two Benedictines, a Cistercian, and a Mercedarian); one was from Rimini, the rest from southern France. Four were lawyers, two were theologians.One died before he received the red hat, and was replaced by another candidate. Pierre Roger entered the Curia in Avignon for the first time on 5 May 1339, and received the titulus of Santi Nereo e Achilleo. Papacy
Cardinal Napoleone Orsini died during Lent of 1342, on 23 March. The funeral took place on Monday in Holy Week in the Franciscan church in Avignon, and the funeral sermon was preached by Cardinal Pierre Roger. A month later, on 25 April 1342, Pope Benedict XII died in the Papal Palace in Avignon. King <mask> immediately sent his eldest son, Prince John, to press the candidacy of Pierre Roger, but he arrived too late to have any effect. Eighteen of the nineteen cardinals assembled for the Conclave to elect his successor.Fourteen were French, three were Italian, one was Spanish. Only Cardinal Bertrand de Montfavez, who was ill with podagra (gout), was unable to attend. The Conclave began on Sunday, 5 May 1342, and on the morning of Tuesday, 7 May, agreement was reached. Two cardinals wrote to King Edward III of England on 8 May that the election had been accomplished "with no preliminary politicking and with only Divine Inspiration." Cardinal Pierre Roger was chosen to succeed Benedict XII as pope. He was crowned on Pentecost Sunday, 19 May, in the church of the Dominicans, the largest church in Avignon. Present were Prince John of France, Duke of Normandy; Jacques, Duke of Burgundy, Imbert,  Dauphin of Vienne, and many others.Cardinal Roger chose the regnal name <mask> VI. During the season of Pentecost immediately following his coronation, as Peter de Herenthal writes, when a new Pope customarily gratifies the expectations of his family, his followers, his supporters, his cardinals, and the Roman Curia,  Pope <mask> promised gifts to every cleric who presented himself at Avignon within two months. Such a multitude of poor clerics appeared in Avignon that a computation was made that the number of poor clerics in all the dioceses of the world was around 100,000,  a number which Peter de Herenthal was quite prepared to accept. When <mask>, at the very beginning of his pontificate was making reservations of abbacies and prelatures,  and declaring elections in monasteries and Chapters void, in order to acquire benefices for papal use in granting favors, it was intimated to him that his predecessors had not engaged in reservations of such a sort. <mask> is said to have replied, "Our predecessors did not know how to be pope." New cardinals
One of the greatest ways in which a pope can reward his supporters is to raise them to the cardinalate. On 20 September 1342, four months after his coronation, <mask> VI held a Consistory for the creation of cardinals.He appointed ten prelates, including three nephews, Hugues Roger, Ademar Roberti and Bernard de la Tour d'Auvergne. He also elevated Guy of Boulogne, the archbishop of Lyon and son of

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 Count <mask> of Auvergne, and Gerard de Daumar, the master-general of the Dominicans and a papal cousin, who died a year after his creation, on 27 September 1343. Five of his appointments were from his own native area of Limoges and one from Périgueux. Only one was Italian, Andrea Ghini Malpighi, a Florentine, who died on 2 June 1343. The College of Cardinals was now thoroughly French, with a strong accent of the Auvergne. On 19 May 1344 the two new cardinals who had died were replaced by two more Frenchmen: the Provençal Pierre Bertrand, the nephew of Cardinal Pierre Bertrand; and Nicolas de Besse, yet another papal nephew. Like his immediate predecessors, <mask> was devoted to France, and he demonstrated his French sympathies by refusing a solemn invitation to return to Rome from the city's people, as well as from the poet Petrarch.To placate the Romans, however, <mask> issued the bull Unigenitus Dei filius on 27 January 1343, reducing the interval between one Great Jubilee and the next from 100 years to 50 years. In the document he elaborated for the first time the power of the pope in the use of indulgences. This document would later be used by Cardinal Cajetan in the examination of Martin Luther and his 95 Theses in his trial at Augsburg in 1518. By then, Unigenitus was firmly fixed in Canon Law, having been added in the collection called Extravagantes. On 23 February 1343 Pope <mask> appointed Pons Saturninus as his "Provisor of Works of the Palace", thereby beginning a program of construction and decoration that continued throughout his reign. It was immediately clear that the Pope had no intention of returning to Rome, and that he intended to provide offices and quarters for the various organs of the Roman Curia in the Palace. <mask> XII, his predecessor, had built a palace, sufficiently accommodating for a Cistercian monk, but Pierre Roger had spent much of his career at the French Court and had imbibed its tastes for far greater display and ceremony.The Pope was, after all, a sovereign, and <mask> intended to live and work in an appropriate state. He commissioned the new Tower of the Garde-Robe, the Audience (for the Auditors of the Rota), the new Papal Chapel and the grand staircase that led to it, and the Tour de la Gache (where the Audientia contradictarum, the appellate court for countersuits, had its offices). He was also responsible for the two new entrance façades. He also purchased the sovereignty of Avignon from Queen Joan I of Naples in 1348 for the sum of 80,000 crowns. The Black Death
<mask> VI was on the papal throne when the Black Death first struck Europe in 1347. This pandemic swept through Asia and the Middle East and into Europe between 1347 and 1350, and is believed to have killed between a third and two-thirds of Europe's population. During the plague, <mask> attributed the plague to divine wrath.But he also sought the opinions of astrologers for an explanation. Johannes de Muris was among the team "of three who drew up a treatise explaining the plague of 1348 by the conjunction of Saturn, Jupiter, and Mars in 1341" <mask>'s physicians advised him that surrounding himself with torches would block the plague. However, he soon became skeptical of this recommendation and stayed in Avignon supervising sick care, burials, and the pastoral care of the dying. He never contracted the disease, even though there was so much death around him that the cities ran out of ground for cemeteries, and he had to consecrate the entire Rhône River so that it could be considered holy ground and bodies could be thrown into it. One of Pope <mask>'s physicians, Gui de Chauliac, later wrote a book called the Chirurgia magna (1363), in which he correctly distinguished between bubonic and pneumonic plague, based on his own observations of his patients and himself. Perhaps feeling the pressure of mortality, having lost no fewer than six cardinals in the year 1348 alone, <mask> <mask> named a new cardinal on 29 May 1348,  his nephew and namesake, Pierre Roger de Beaufort, who was not yet eighteen years old. On 17 December 1350, he added twelve more cardinals, nine of them French and only three from Limoges, including two relatives, Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille and Pierre de Cros.Popular opinion blamed the Jews for the plague, and pogroms erupted throughout Europe. <mask> issued two papal bulls in 1348 (6 July and 26 September), the latter named Quamvis Perfidiam, which condemned the violence and said those who blamed the plague on the Jews had been "seduced by that liar, the Devil." He went on to emphasise that “It cannot be true that the Jews, by such a heinous crime, are the cause or occasion of the plague, because through many parts of the world the same plague, by the hidden judgment of God, has afflicted and afflicts the Jews themselves and many other races who have never lived alongside them.” He urged clergy to take action to protect Jews as he had done. Pope and Empire
<mask> continued the struggle of his predecessors with Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV. On 13 April 1346, after protracted negotiations, he excommunicated the Emperor, and directed the election of Charles IV. After the death of Louis in October 1347  Charles received general recognition, ending the schism which had long divided Germany. <mask> proclaimed a crusade in 1343, but nothing was accomplished beyond a naval attack on Smyrna on 29 October 1344.He also had a role in the Hungarian invasion of the Kingdom of Naples, which was a papal fief; the contest between Louis I of Hungary and Joanna I of Naples, accused of ordering the assassination of her husband and the former's brother, concluded in 1348 in a trial held in Avignon, at which she was acquitted. Among the other benefits, <mask> took advantage of the situation to obtain by her the rights over the city of Avignon. Pope <mask> was also involved in disputes with King Edward III of England as a result of the latter's encroachments on ecclesiastical jurisdiction. He also faced problems with the kings of Castile and Aragon. His  negotiations for reunion with the Armenians and the Byzantine emperor, <mask> Kantakouzenos turned out to be fruitless. In Italy the Papacy faced a serious challenge to its authority with the commencement of Cola di Rienzo's agitation in Rome. Pope <mask> had appointed Cola to a civil position (Senator) at Rome, and, although at first approving of Rienzo's establishment of the tribunate, he later realized the implications of a permanent antagonist to papal government in the form of a popularly elected Tribune, and sent a Papal Legate who excommunicated Rienzo and, with the help of the aristocratic faction, drove him from the city in December 1347.Poland and Bohemia
<mask> also had warned King Casimir III of Poland, who was already under an interdict laid against him by the bishop of Kraków and the Apostolic See, because he had oppressed the Church of Kraków with intolerable burdens and then harassed the clergy who observed the interdict, that he was attracting more severe penalties to himself. In 1345 <mask> sent a nuncio to King Casimir and King John of Bohemia, soliciting them to make peace between themselves, and threatening that, if they turned deaf ears to his pleas, he would anathematize them and bar them from the sacraments. Responding to numerous complaints against the highhanded behavior of the archbishop of Mainz, Prague's metropolitan, <mask> made Prague an archbishopric on 30 April 1344, and assigned the Bishopric of Olomouc as its suffragan. The archbishop of Prague acquired the right to crown the king of Bohemia. Private life
Unlike the Cistercian Benedict XII,  the Benedictine <mask> VI was devoted to an openhanded and generous lifestyle, and the treasury which he inherited from his predecessor made that lifestyle possible. He claimed to have "lived as a sinner among sinners" in his own words. During his pontificate, he added a new chapel to the Papal Palace and dedicated it to St. Peter.He commissioned the artist Matteo Giovanetti of Viterbo to paint common hunting and fishing scenes on the walls of the existing papal chapels, and purchased enormous tapestries to decorate the stone walls. To bring good music to the celebrations, he recruited musicians from northern France, especially from Liège, who cultivated the Ars Nova style. He liked music so much that he kept composers and theorists close to him throughout his entire pontificate, Philippe de Vitry being among the more famous. The first two payments he made after his coronation were to musicians. Death, burial, and monument

<mask> had been ill for some time in 1352, not just with kidney stones, which had troubled him for many years, but also with a tumor, which broke out into an abscess with fever during his last week. <mask> <mask> died on 6 December 1352, in the eleventh year of his reign. After his death, his Almoner, Pierre de Froideville, distributed the sum of 400 livres to the poor of Avignon,  and on the day of the solemn funeral another 40 livres were distributed during the procession to the Cathedral to the poor who were present.<mask> left the reputation of "a fine gentleman, a prince munificent to profusion, a patron of the arts and learning, but no saint". His body was placed on exhibit in the Notre Dame-des-Doms, where it was buried temporarily. Three months later the body was transferred in a splendid procession to the abbey of La Chaise-Dieu, passing through Le Puy on 6 April. On arrival, the coffin was placed in the church of the Carmelites. Later in April it was permanently interred in a tomb in the center of the Choir of the Church. The funeral procession was accompanied by his brother Count William Roger of Beaufort, and by the five cardinals who were his family members: Hugues Roger, Guillaume de la Jugié, Nicolas de Besse, Pierre Roger de Beaufort, and Guillaume d' Aigrefeuille. In 1562 the tomb was attacked by the Huguenots and severely damaged, losing the forty-four statues of <mask>'s relatives which surrounded the sarcophagus.Only the sarcophagus and tomb cover survived, making the present tomb a mere shadow of its former architectural and decorative glory. The tomb cover, in white marble, was made by master sculptor Pierre Roye, and his two assistants Jean de Sanholis and Jean David. The construction of the tomb began in 1346, and was completed in 1351. It cost 3500 florins, to which were added 120 écus d'or, as a gratuity for the master sculptor. See also

List of popes

References

Citation

Bibliography

Déprez, Eugene (1900). "Les funerailles de Clément VI, et d' Innocent VI, d' après les comptes de la cour pontificale," Mélanges d' histoire et d'archéologie publiés par l'École Française de Rome 20 (1900), 235-250. (in French)

  (in Latin)

 [fawning]

Acknowledgments

 N. A. Weber,

External links
Bernard Guillemain (2000), "<mask>e VI,"  Enciclopedia dei Papi (Treccani) [in Italian]

See also
 Plague doctor
 Smyrniote crusades

1291 births
1352 deaths
Popes
People from Corrèze
French Benedictines
Benedictine abbots
Fécamp Abbey
Bishops of Arras
Archbishops of Rouen
Archbishops of Sens
14th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in France
French popes
Benedictine popes
Avignon Papacy
Roger family
Burials in Haute-Loire
14th-century popes
Smyrniote

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<mask> (born July 19, 1931) is a former member of the Michigan State Senate. Biography
<mask> was born to a Greek family on the east side of Detroit, Michigan. Pappageorge entered the United States Army after graduating from high school in Detroit, enrolling in the United States Military Academy at West Point. From West Point he received a B.S. in engineering in 1954. He later obtained a M.A. in Government and Politics from the University of Maryland in 1971 and attended the U.S. Army War College in 1973.Pappageorge served 30 years of active duty in the Infantry, including two combat tours in Vietnam. During the second tour, he served as a battalion commander. There he was highly decorated, including receiving the Distinguished Service Medal, Superior Service Medal, four Legions of Merit, the Bronze Star, nine Air Medals, the Combat Infantryman Badge, and the Vietnam Gallantry Cross. He is also Airborne, Ranger, and Pathfinder qualified. While in the Army, Pappageorge served as Special Assistant to General Alexander Haig, who was then the Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (CinCUSEUR) and Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) (and later U.S. Secretary of State). Pappageorge conducted shuttle diplomacy between Greece and Turkey that returned Greek forces to NATO's integrated military structure. He spent his last four years in the Army, 1981–1984, as a member of the Secretary of State's Policy Planning Council.He retired as a colonel in 1984, settling in Troy, Michigan in Oakland County. After retirement from the Army, Pappageorge became Director of Business and Strategic Planning at General Dynamics Land Systems Division. From 1989 to 1992, Pappageorge served as an Oakland county commissioner. He was the Republican candidate for Congress in Michigan's 12th congressional district in 1992, 1994, and 1996. In 1995, he served as First Vice-Chair of the Republican Party of Michigan. Pappageorge was married for thirty-five years to his first wife, Helen. She died in 1993 of pancreatic cancer.He married Cristina Burnard (now Cristina Pappageorge) in 1997. Pappageorge has a son and two daughters. His son George is an Army reserve Lieutenant Colonel who has served in Iraq in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom. Congressional campaigns

1992 election
In 1992, he ran for the United States House of Representatives against Sander Levin. This was the first serious Republican opposition against Levin, after his congressional district absorbed a Republican-leaning spur of Oakland County in redistricting. Levin won by 7%. 1994 election
Pappageorge ran against Levin for the second time in 1994, this time managing to pull within 5%, despite being outspent more than 3-to-1.Pappageorge benefitted from Newt Gingrich's Contract with America and the 1994 Republican Revolution. 1996 election
In his third consecutive run against Levin, he was not able to shore up as much support, losing 57.4%-40.5%. Michigan House of Representatives
Pappageorge served in the Michigan State House of Representatives from 1999 to 2004, when he retired due to term limits. He spent four years on the House Appropriations Committee, and served his final two years as Chair of the Joint Committee on Administrative Rules and as a member of the Employment Relations, Training and Safety Committee, the Judiciary Committee, the Senior Health, Security, and Retirement Committee, and the Veterans Affairs and Homeland Security Committee. 1998 election
In 1998, he ran for the Michigan State House 41st District seat, which then encompassed southern Troy, Clawson and northern Royal Oak in Oakland County. He defeated Troy City Councilmember Matt Pryor in the Republican Primary. He went on to defeat Democrat David Richards in the November general election. .

2000 election
In 2000, he was re-elected facing nominal opposition with no primary challengers.2002 election
He was again re-elected again to his final term under term-limits in 2002 in the newly created 41st District (through decennial redistricting), a district which composed roughly the same area. He faced nominal opposition and no primary challengers. 2004 election remarks
In 2004, Pappageorge was quoted in the Detroit Free Press as saying "If we do not suppress the Detroit vote, we're going to have a tough time in this election cycle." The New York Times cited this comment in an editorial on the "suppression of minority votes." Detroit's population is more than 80 percent African American, and tends to vote heavily Democratic. 2006 State Senate campaign
Pappagoerge was persuaded by the Michigan Republican Party to run for the 13th District State Senate seat after Congressman Sander Levin's son, Andy Levin announced he was going to enter the race. After Pappageorge joined the race, Gosselin dropped out in order to run for County Commissioner in Troy.Pappageorge won the August Republican primary 58.5% to Taub's 41.5%. Charges of mudslinging and dirty politics continued in the general election between Pappageorge and Levin. The race became hotly contested, with over $2 million spent by the two campaigns, and with negative television ads from each side (a rarity in State Senate races in metro-Detroit). The Michigan Republican Party, on behalf of Pappageorge's campaign, distributed flyers alleging that Levin had stances on issues, including same-sex marriage, illegal immigration and gun control, that were too liberal for the district. They also accused Levin of being a carpetbagger, as Levin had recently moved back to Michigan after working for the AFL-CIO in Washington, D.C. Levin's campaign fired back, claiming that Pappageorge cut more than $500 million from schools in Michigan and was fired from the Bush Presidential campaign in 2004. Pappageorge defeated Levin in November by a slim margin, 776 votes. Pappageorge's margin of victory was less than the number of votes obtained by Green Party candidate Kyle McBee, who received 3,118 votes.2010 State Senate campaign
In the 2010 election, <mask> was the only incumbent in Oakland County to seek re-election. He defeated two challengers in the August 3 primary. In the general election, Pappageorge was challenged by newcomer Aaron Bailey, a West Point graduate and Afghanistan veteran. Days before the election, Bailey received the endorsement of the Detroit Free Press. On election day, <mask> defeated Bailey. Notes

External links
Michigan Votes information on Pappageorge

1931 births
Living people
Military personnel from Michigan
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
American politicians of Greek descent
County commissioners in Michigan
Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Michigan Republicans
Michigan state senators
Politicians from Detroit
People from Troy, Michigan
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
United States Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians

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