texts:
<mask> (born 24 July 1970) is an Irish-born English television presenter, employed by the BBC and ITV, specialising in documentaries and consumer affairs. She is best known for co-presenting the BBC One programme Countryfile with Matt Baker from 2004 until 2014. She also presented Watchdog (2005–2009) and Planet Earth Live (2012) for the BBC and Take on the Twisters (2013), The Wonder of Britain (2015) and Britain's Best Walks (2017) for ITV. She has a website called The Outdoor Guide which is run by her sister Gina. Early life

<mask>'s father <mask>, a Derbyshire-born, steel and engineering industry marketing director and Greek mother were in the Republic of Ireland when <mask> was born. The family returned to Britain, where she grew up in an old rectory and attended primary school in Edith Weston, Rutland, followed by King Edward VII School in Sheffield, where her father worked for British Steel Corporation and her mother ran a fashion business. <mask> attended acting classes, and took part as a child in the Crucible Theatre's stage production of Peter Pan, starring Joanne Whalley and Paula Wilcox.Career

Early career

<mask> started as a television presenter with Chrysalis TV, followed by L!VE TV, before making the transition in 1996 from cable TV to terrestrial with GMTV as its Los Angeles correspondent. <mask> also worked as a co-host on Top Gear during the 1990s. Alongside Tim Vine, <mask> was the first presenter on Channel 5 when the network launched on 30 March 1997 with a countdown from the Spice Girls. BBC

Bradbury and co-host Arkin Salih hosted the BBC's Are We Being Served?, which examined customer service in the UK and ran for six programmes in the summer of 2006. The show later received strong criticism from comedian Lee Mack when he named it as 'the most evil programme ever made' during his appearance on TV Heaven, Telly Hell. From 2008 to 2011, <mask> presented four series of Kill It, Cook It, Eat It on BBC Three. The first series concentrated on commercially farmed animals such as chickens, pigs, sheep and cattle.The second series featured hunted wild game such as ducks, rabbits, deer and grouse. The third series focused on fast food; a group of six people went through the process of killing, cooking and eating animals. The fourth series focused on how animal products from the first series are used outside of the meat trade. <mask> was joined by young consumers to uncover the animal origins of many of western society's favourite things as body parts were transformed from abattoir to shop display. From 2 March 2009, <mask> temporarily stepped down from BBC One's Watchdog following allegations in the press concerning irregularities in her Virgin Atlantic frequent flyer account. Anita Rani stepped in to co-present the show with Nicky Campbell. On 15 April 2009, <mask> was cleared of any wrongdoing in the investigation, and it was confirmed that she would return to present Watchdog, which she did on 20 April 2009.It was incorrectly reported in several newspapers at the time that <mask> had to repay £20,000 worth of Air Miles – in fact her account (and several others) had been tampered with by an employee who was later arrested and charged. In April 2009 it was announced that <mask> would present the relaunched primetime Countryfile with Matt Baker. Anne Robinson returned to Watchdog after an eight-year absence. In August 2007, <mask> presented Ultimate Britain – Climbing on BBC One, with rock climber Tim Emmett. <mask>'s lifetime ambition to be a 'real' rock climber was achieved when the pair successfully ascended Cornwall's Commando Ridge, Crackstone Rib in the Llanberis Pass, and the Old Man of Stoer. That year, <mask> also presented Wainwright Walks on BBC Four, in which she followed the mountain routes of the renowned fell walker and guidebook author Alfred Wainwright. The series was later repeated on BBC Two and ran for two series.Her appearance in this and the Railway Walks series earned her the title of "Walking Man's Totty". On 20 July 2009 her series Coast to Coast started on BBC Two. In 2010, <mask> went to South Africa and embarked on a series of South Africa Walks as part of South Africa season for the BBC during the 2010 World Cup. In December 2010, she presented another walking-themed series, <mask>'s German Wanderlust on BBC Four in which she explored Germany and its Romantic movement through a series of walks across the country. The series was repeated on BBC Two in January and February 2011. In May 2011, she presented Canal Walks with <mask>. Another walking programme, <mask>'s Icelandic Walk, aired on 11 May 2011 on BBC Four.Her challenge was to walk the 60 kilometres of Iceland's most famous hiking route, which includes the newest hills on Earth. This route ends at Eyjafjallajökull, the volcano whose copious eruptions of volcanic ash brought air traffic across Europe to a standstill in April 2010. She also presented a new series in May 2011, following the routes of some of the UK's canals. From November to December 2011, <mask> presented a series called That's Britain! with Nick Knowles, focusing on the good, the bad and the ugly in Britain. She presented with Hugh Dennis a four-part BBC One documentary series The Great British Countryside, which began in February 2012. She has co-presented (with Richard Hammond) a programme about the wildlife of different countries called Planet Earth Live in 2012, which has aired on BBC One.In 2013, <mask> co-presented the BBC One show Fightback Britain with Adrian Simpson  and the BBC One show Keeping Britain Safe 24/7 with Matt Allwright. On 3 March 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be leaving Countryfile and the BBC completely later in the year before joining ITV full-time after doing odd jobs for them in the past. In 2016, she took part in the third series of Sport Relief's Famous, Rich and Homeless programme. ITV

She presented Wish You Were Here...? for ITV. In 2013, <mask> co-presented the two-part ITV series Mystery Map with Ben Shephard. In the same year, she presented teatime quiz show Take On the Twisters, a summer replacement for The Chase.In 2015, <mask> presented an ITV primetime series called The Wonder of Britain. In 2016, <mask> began presenting her own eight-part ITV series Best Walks with a View with <mask>. A book, Unforgettable Walks, was published alongside the series. Beginning in January 2017, <mask> presented Britain's Best Walks for ITV. In 2018, she co-presented a one-off programme called Britain's Favourite Walks: Top 100, as voted for by the public. Ore Oduba co-presented. In 2019 she presented My £10K Holiday Home, a new primetime ITV series.On 10 January 2020, she presented the first of a new ITV series entitled The Greek Islands with <mask>. Channel 5

From 1997, she anchored Exclusive! for Five (now Channel 5). With Tim Vine, she presented the launch of Channel 5 in 1997. Radio

Bradbury has also presented on radio for BBC London 94.9, and Radio 5 Live. She crossed NUJ picket lines to present Radio 5 Live's breakfast programme on 15 July 2011. She presented the programme with Ian Payne who also broke the strike.Books

<mask>'s Railway Walks (7 October 2010)
Canal Walks (3 March 2011)
<mask>'s Wainwright Walks (1 November 2012)
<mask>'s Wainwright Walks: Coast to Coast (20 March 2013)
Unforgettable Walks (9 February 2017)

Personal life

<mask> lives in Rutland and West London. In 2000 she married Gerard Cunningham, who works in property. In summer 2006, <mask> was treated for endometriosis. In February 2011, <mask> and Cunningham announced they were expecting their first child, despite <mask>'s problems with endometriosis. On 4 August 2011, <mask> gave birth to her first child, a son named Zephyrus Cunningham. On 26 September 2014, it was announced that <mask> and Cunningham were expecting again, this time with twins which were conceived via IVF. On 12 March 2015, Bradbury gave birth to twin girls Xanthe and Zena.On 19 September 2021, <mask> announced that she had been diagnosed with breast cancer, and that she will require a mastectomy later in the year. Charity work

<mask> is an ambassador to several charities including the Scout Association, The Outdoor Trust, Bowel & Prostate Cancer and Keep Britain Tidy. In 2009, she competed in the Macmillan 4x4 UK Challenge with her sister, Gina Fox, raising £7,000 towards the £105,000 raised for Macmillan Cancer Support. Later that year, she travelled from Kazakhstan to Mongolia with Countryfile co-star Matt Baker in BBC's Around the World in 80 Days in aid of Children in Need. <mask> was president of the Friends of the Peak District from 2008 until 2016 (remaining now as a Vice-President) and she is Vice-President of the CPRE in South Yorkshire. In April 2010 she became president of the Ramblers. <mask> also works with the British Heart Foundation to encourage people to exercise more.In February 2012, <mask> was appointed an ambassador for the Scout Association. In October 2013, she became president of the Camping and Caravanning Club, whose previous presidents included Dr David Bellamy, Lord Baden-Powell and Scott of the Antarctic. This made her the first woman to hold the post. On 17 November 2018, she joined the demonstration organised in London by Extinction Rebellion. Awards and honours

On 14 November 2013, <mask> was awarded an honorary doctorate by Sheffield Hallam University.

masks:
Julia Michele Bradbury
Bradbury
Michael Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Julia Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury
Bradbury


type: original

texts:
This page is about the artist and illustrator. See <mask> (musician) for the American musician and fiddle-maker. <mask>  (186713 July 1930) was an English painter and illustrator who trained in both London and Belgium. He was a painter, illustrator, and joke cartoonist. Biography
The census returns for <mask> show him as being born c. 1863 in Hackney, London but his Who's Who entry shows his year of birth as 1867. Very little appears to be known about his early life. He trained at the South Kensington School of Art and than at the Antwerp Academy under Charles Verlat and Polydore Beaufaux.It is not clear when he travelled to Belgium or returned to England. The only child of the marriage, a son, Water was born c. 1890 in Belgium, as was his wife Jeanne (born c. 1871). The 1911 census return shows them as having been married for 25 year, which would give the date of the marriage as 1885, when Jeanne was 14. <mask> exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1888 and 1889 with his address in Park Cottage, Lee Road, Blackheath, London. However, his son was born in Belgium in c. 1890 and he was in Antwerp in 1891. <mask> was in England in 1894 when he gave evidence in the 'Pick-me-up indecency case in July. In this case the police seized copies of the illustrated paper from stationers Smith and Son in Liverpool on the grounds that the juxtaposition of two illustrations in the magazine produced an indecent image.<mask> was one of the illustrators involved and he gave evidence against the suggestion of indecency. Benezit reports that <mask> travelled to Africa, it is not certain when this was, but he had an illustration in The Graphic in 1910 showing the call to prayer in Cairo. The 1901 census shows <mask> living at 19 Colville Road, Notting Hill, London with his wife and son. By 1911 they had moved to 47 Blenheim Crescent, Notting Hill. The census showed also that the couple had had only one child, Walter, now aged 21 and working as a "motor-car agent", i.e. a car salesman. His "Who Was Who" address was 47 Blenheim Crescent, and he died at his home on 13 July 1930.Works
Bryant describes him as a painter, illustrator and joke cartoonist. Johnson and Greutzner describe him as a genre painter. Benezit and Micklethwait list him as a genre painter and illustrator of books, magazines and newspapers, and state that he was particularly known for his pictures of pretty women. <mask> also illustrated postcards, at least on World War One topics. <mask> also engaged in commercial art, producing illustrations, together with others, for two promotional publications by the Great Eastern Railway Company. The first of these was East Coast Pictures by Percy Lindley, intended to encourage people to visit the seaside resorts on the East Coast. The second was To the Continent, intended to promote travel to the Continent via Harwich.A special feature of this publication was the large number of colour illustrations from drawings by <mask>, "showing better than any description could do the luxuries of the Harwich steamboat service." <mask> was a frequent exhibitor and exhibited as follows:
 Two works at the Dudley Gallery or New Dudley Gallery
 Two works at the Glasgow Institute of the Fine Arts
 22 works at the Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool
 Eight works at the Manchester City Art Gallery. In 1891 <mask> exhibited The Flower Market, Antwerp at Manchester, which the Manchester Courier called a "remarkably clever picture", stating the <mask> was "strongly under the influence of foreign schools." The "Gazette" went on state that the scene was "full of life and character, and the various groups of flower-girls and of Antwerp civilians are cleverly introduced and painted; the figures have all been carefully studied from life, and represent all types from the well-to-do citizen to the peasant," and that in all respects it was "an admirable example of the artist's work." Three works at the Royal Academy. In 1888 the Liverpool Mercury listed his L'Amateur d' Estampes as another "good pictures among the oils." 13 works at the Royal Society of British Artists.At the Winter Exhibition of the society in 1891, <mask> exhibited La Modiste, which the Acton Gazette described as a "luminous little bit". In 1892 <mask> exhibited pictures showing scenes in Antwerp which St James's Gazette considered to be "quite interesting, mainly by reason of the excellent arrangement of colour" and said that the catalogue illustrations did not do them justice. Seven works at the Royal Cambrian Academy
 Two works at the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours
 One work at the Royal Miniature Society
 25 works at the Royal Institute of Oil Painters
 Three works at the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1928, Still Life by <mask> was sold from the exhibition of the Academy. <mask> exhibited at other venues, including the Leeds Municipal Art Gallery in 1890, where he showed Mon Atelier, showing a sculptor's studio, lined with classical casts which are being studied by fashionably dressed lady. The Yorkshire Post considered that the painting was "admirable in tone, and full of sound workmanship, while if the figure introduced some respects rather jarring note, it gives a humorous turn to the spectator's thoughts by reason of the contrast it affords." In 1897 <mask> exhibited at the Black and White gallery, where his work was described as "Brilliant, somewhat French in influence, and entirely modern in feeling" His pieceOutside the Empire was described as a "clever and characteristic example of this artist's skill in depicting the modern woman as he sees her."<mask> was one of the initial members of the Society of Painters in Miniature (led by Alyn Williams) in 1896, the year of its founding. The society restricted itself to fifty members who were professional artists. At the first exhibition of the society he showed Playmates with a child and a kitten playing together next to an array of valuable pottery. He was elected an Associate of the Royal Society of British Artists in 1926. Magazine Illustration

<mask>'s Who Was Who entry  states that he had drawn for all the principle magazines and newspapers. Among these his illustrations appeared in were:
Black and White
Cassell's Family Magazine
The English Illustrated Magazine
The Gaiety
The Gentlewoman
The Graphic
The Idler
The Illustrated London News
The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News
The Lady's Pictorial
The Lady's Realm
London Opinion
Madame
New Budget
The Pall Mall Magazine
Pearson's Magazine
Pick-Me-Up
The Sketch
St Paul's Magazine
Tatler
The West End Review
The Windsor Magazine

The editor of Pick-Me-Up stated that <mask> was one of his five staff artists. <mask>'s magazine illustrations were well regarded.He was the second in a list of nine artists whose work was purchased for their Art Gallery by Preston Corporation in 1913. The artists were described as being "amongst the finest artists of the day". Reviewers repeatedly heaped praise on the illustrations by <mask>, and what is more to the point, they often singled out his work from that of up to a dozen other artists illustrating the magazine, in very short single paragraph reviews of the magazines:
1894 "The coloured supplement to St. Paul's This week is a really exquisite study of a trim little milliner by <mask>." 1895 "St Paul's contains many clever and piquant pictures. There is a charming coloured plate, by <mask>, of the dainty Lady Kitty, whose social adventures are quite a feature of this popular weekly." 1896 "St. Paul's is very delightful with several coloured illustrations, including a dainty study, The Favourite by <mask>." 1896 St. Paul's delights it readers ever week with some pages of coloured sketches by Mr <mask> and others.1896 (in a review of St. Paul's) "Two coloured full page illustrations, An Encore, by <mask> and Mars and Venus by T. Manuel are simply bewitching." 1896 "Amongst the weeklies St. Paul's is strong in sport and drama, and in coloured pictures, the best of which is OScar <mask>'s In Wild March. 1896 (in a review of St. Paul's) "two dainty full page tinted pictures by <mask>." 1896 "St. Paul's has a charming coloured sketch by Mr. <mask> of a flower girl..."
1896 (in a review of St. Paul's) "The Children's Hero is a capital sketch of the pantomime clown by Mr <mask>." 1898 (in a review of the West End Review) "<mask>'s Balloon Man is a good example of the lighter side of art." 1898 (in a review of St. Paul's) " . . . a clever drawing by Mr <mask>"
1898 (in a review of The English Illustrated Magazine) ".. . the up to date artists, <mask> and Hal Hurst"
1898 (in a review of The Sketch) "There are clever and characteristic sketches of frivolous femininity by Mr Dudley Hardy and Mr <mask>"
1899 (in a review of the West End Review) "There is a full page picture besides, by <mask>, worth all the money called The First Ice of Summer." 1899 (in a review of Black and White) "The double page picture by <mask>, The Judgement of Paris is excellent." 1900 (in a review of The Lady's Pictorial) "There is a very nice picture by <mask>"
1906 (in a review of Tatler) "<mask> contributes two excellent pictures in The Piazza, Venice, and The Broken Pitcher"

Book illustrations

<mask> illustrated dozens of books. Initially, most of his illustration work was for Ward Lock & Co but after 1905 it was almost all for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK). Most of the following list has been sourced from a search on the Jisc Library Hub Discover database, supplemented by searches in newspaper archives. The list is probably not complete, as reviews and advertisements do not always give the name of the illustrator. The sources of the entries is the Jisc database search, unless otherwise noted.Example of book illustration by <mask>

Among the books that <mask> illustrated was Two Adventurers in Search for El Dorado (Samuel Low, Marston and Co., London, 1915) by Harry Collingwood. Images by courtesy of the Internet Archive. Notes

References

External links

1867 births
1930 deaths
19th-century British painters
20th-century British painters
English watercolourists
British portrait painters
British male painters
English illustrators
British illustrators
British children's book illustrators
Magazine illustrators
Members of the Royal Society of British Artists

masks:
Red Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Oscar Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


texts:
<mask> (; born 11 May 1983) is an Argentine former footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. <mask> was elected for two consecutive years as the best player of Campeonato Brasileiro Série A in 2009 and 2010. When <mask> signed for Guangzhou Evergrande in 2011, he was made the third-highest paid player in the world, behind only Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo and Barcelona's Lionel Messi. Club career

Early career
<mask> started his career in Argentina's Primera B Nacional and made his debut for Tigre at the age of just 15. River Plate took him just a year later and <mask> made the steady rise to River's first team. On 23 November 2003, under then Chilean manager Manuel Pellegrini, <mask> made his first team debut in a 1–0 defeat to Chacarita Juniors. In 2004, however, <mask> was loaned to Chilean club Universidad Católica by new River manager Leonardo Astrada.In 2006, River loaned him out again, this time to Rosario Central where after some impressive displays, Vasco da Gama made a successful bid to bring him to Brazil on 5 January 2007, signing an initial one-year loan deal from River Plate. He made his Vasco debut and scored in friendly 4–0 win over Villa Rio on 14 January 2007. Fluminense
In 2008, <mask> signed a loan deal with Fluminense, and was a key player in the squad under coach Renato Gaúcho. <mask> played an important role in the team's brilliant 2008 Copa Libertadores campaign, along with others such as Thiago Neves, Thiago Silva, Washington and Cícero. In 2009, he signed a three-year deal with Fluminense. He was voted the best player in Brazil in a poll organized annually by Globo, and was ranked as the 15th-best player in Latin America and the best player in Brazil by Uruguayan newspaper El País. After a successful season where Fluminense won the Brazilian league, <mask> renewed his contract with Fluminense for another five years.Guangzhou Evergrande

2011 season
On 2 July 2011, Chinese Super League club Guangzhou Evergrande announced that they had officially signed <mask> on a two-and-a-half-year deal for a domestic record fee of $10 million (This record was broken by Lucas Barrios in May 2012), he was given the number 15 shirt. It was reported that <mask>'s annual salary would be $12.5 million, putting him among the highest paid players in the world. He scored his first goal for the club on his debut in a 5–0 win against Nanchang Hengyuan on 14 July 2011. <mask> scored 9 goals in 15 appearances as Guangzhou became Super League champion for the first time in the club's history. He was named by local fans and media as "the king of Tianhe Stadium". 2012 season
At the start of the 2012 season, <mask> helped Guangzhou win the 2012 Chinese FA Super Cup against Tianjin Teda on 25 February. On 7 March, he scored his first two goals in a 2012 AFC Champions League group stage match, which was Guangzhou's first AFC Champions League match, as Guangzhou defeated K-League champions Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors 5–1 away.<mask> continued his excellent form in March and April. He managed to score five goals in the first eight rounds of the domestic league and three goals in the first four group stage games of the AFC Champions League as Guangzhou came first in both competitions. On 1 May, he scored a penalty after Guangzhou's Zhang Linpeng had been brought down in a home Champions League match against Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors. In the 60th minute of that match, however, he was substituted out, and Guangzhou would later go on to lose 3–1 after Jeonbuk Hyundai's Lee Dong-gook scored two goals in injury time. On 3 May, <mask> expressed his disappointment about the team manager Lee Jang-soo's decision on his Weibo account, saying:

On 4 May, <mask> received a ban of nine matches (including reserve league match) at least and was fined ¥1 million by the club for his remarks on Weibo. On 15 May, the club decided to include him on the roster for the last group match of AFC Champions League against Buriram United. He scored the winning goal of the match in the 90th minute, sealing a place in the knockout phase for the Chinese Super League side.His ban was officially canceled when former Italian World Cup-winning football manager Marcello Lippi was appointed as the new manager of club on 17 May. After joining Guangzhou Evergrande for just one year, <mask> handed in a transfer request on 4 July. However, after several talks with the club, <mask> changed his mind and said he would stay in Guangzhou at least until the end of the season. On 27 October, <mask> assisted Gao Lin to score the league-winning goal in the injury time against Liaoning Whowin, which gave Guangzhou Evergrande their second Super League title and became the first team ever to defend the CSL title. In his first full year in China, <mask> played 36 matches and scored 17 goals for Guangzhou and was named as the candidate for Chinese Football Association Footballer of the Year award. However, he lost to Jiangsu Sainty's Cristian Dănălache, top scorer of the league, in November 2012. 2013 season
On 30 November 2012, <mask> decided to leave the Chinese side, writing a letter for Guangzhou president, Liu Yongzhuo, with the following words: "I have things to do in my life.One of this things is coming back to Brazil". Therefore, his intentions were to come back to Fluminense, where he is still seen as an idol. However, Fluminense was not able to come to an agreement with Guangzhou Evergrande so <mask> returned to China on 3 January 2013. <mask> continued to play as the crucial player in Lippi's tactics in this season. On 26 February 2013, he made his season debut in the first match of 2013 AFC Champions League group stage, which Guangzhou beat J. League Division 1 side Urawa Red Diamonds 3–0 at Tianhe Stadium. He scored his first goal of the season in the 2013 Chinese FA Super Cup on 3 March 2013, however, Guangzhou finally lost to Jiangsu Sainty 2–1, failing to defend the Super Cup title.<mask> was linked with Fluminense again in the summer, but he emphasized that he would fulfill his contract and return to Brazil at the end of 2013 when his contract ends. He scored 14 goals in his 26 league appearances in the season which ensured Guangzhou win the Super League title three times in a row. In the 2013 AFC Champions League, <mask> scored six goals in five successive matches from second leg of round of 16 to second leg of semi-finals as Guangzhou became the first Chinese club to reach the final of the AFC Club Championship since 1998. On 3 November 2013, in the last match of the league which Guangzhou beat Wuhan Zall 5–0, <mask> stripped off his shirt when he scored his first goal of the match, showing the words "No matter where I am, you will always be in my mind. Thank you" to say goodbye to Guangzhou Evergrande's fans. <mask> played both legs of 2013 AFC Champions League Final which Guangzhou secured the title on the away goals ruling against K-League side FC Seoul on 9 November 2013. On 17 November 2013, on the winning by 2–1 against São Paulo at Maracanã Stadium, Fluminense announced <mask>'s return to club in an unusual way: on screen of the field he was confirmed as first player for Tricolor das Laranjeiras for 2014 season.Before heading back to Brazil, <mask>, however, is available to play for Guangzhou Evergrande until the end of the 2013 FIFA Club World Cup in December. <mask> won Chinese Football Association Footballer of the Year award on 24 November 2013. In December, although Guangzhou failed to defend the FA Cup title by losing Guizhou Renhe 3–2 on aggregate in the 2013 Chinese FA Cup final, <mask> was awarded the most valuable player of FA Cup. <mask> played all three matches for Guangzhou Evergrande in the FIFA Club World Cup. He scored two goals in the tournament. The first came on the quarter-finals when Guangzhou beat African champions Al Ahly 2–0 and the second came on his last match for the club when Guangzhou lost to Copa Libertadores winners Atlético Mineiro 3–2 in the third place match. In 99 competitive games for the club, <mask> scored 54 goals and assisted 37.Return to Fluminense
On 18 January 2014, <mask> made his return debut for Fluminense in the first match of 2014 Campeonato Carioca. He assisted two goals in the match, however, Fluminense were finally defeated by Madureira 3–2. Shanghai SIPG
On 22 January 2015, Fluminense announced that <mask> would be joining Shanghai SIPG. On 8 July 2015, he scored a penalty to equalize the game for his team against Guangzhou R&F in the China FA cup. His team went on to win 2–1 at Shanghai stadium. On 12 July 2015, <mask> scored two goals in addition to an assist in the away win against Guangzhou R&F. The game ended 3–2 for Shanghai SIPG.On 15 March 2016, he assisted Elkson's second goal in the 2016 AFC Champions league group stage match against Gamba Osaka to give Shanghai a 2-1 lead, Shanghai went on to win the match and <mask> was praised for his good performance. On 10 April 2016, he provided an assist in a 4–0 win against Liaoning FC. He also scored a goal which was later canceled for offside. Flamengo

<mask> joined Flamengo on a year long loan from Shanghai SIPG on 3 January 2017. Austin Bold
<mask> <mask> moved to Austin, TX to join the new Austin Bold FC team that plays the USL Championship. However, after only three games, on April 18, the club announced that the Bold and <mask> have parted ways so he can pursue other football opportunities. However, on 23 April 2019, he announced that he'd be retiring from
football to focus on other ventures.International career
<mask> <mask> was capped at Argentina's youth national team, but never at the senior team. However, he considered the idea of playing for Brazil, and Mano Menezes, Brazil's manager at the time, did not rule out including him in Brazil's squad. Personal life
<mask> met his wife Paula Araújo in 2007. They married in Maldives in September 2010. On 15 March 2012, their first son, Benjamin, was born in Guangzhou, China PR. Their second son, Bryan, was born in Shanghai on 18 March 2016. Career statistics
.1Continental competitions include the Copa Libertadores and AFC Champions League. 2Other tournaments include the Campeonato Carioca, Chinese FA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. players
Shanghai Port F.C. players
Expatriate footballers in China
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in China
Chinese Super League players
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo footballers
Austin Bold FC players
USL Championship players

masks:
Darío Leonardo Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Conca
Darío
Conca
Conca
Darío
Conca
Conca


texts:
<mask>,  (born 5 April 1942) is a Welsh film director, screenwriter, and artist. His films are noted for the distinct influence of Renaissance and Baroque painting, and Flemish painting in particular. Common traits in his films are the scenic composition and illumination and the contrasts of costume and nudity, nature and architecture, furniture and people, sexual pleasure and painful death. Early life
<mask> was born in Newport, Monmouthshire, Wales, to a teacher mother and a builder's merchant father. <mask>'s family left South Wales when he was three years old (they had moved there originally to avoid the Blitz) and settled in Chingford, Essex. He attended Forest School in nearby Walthamstow. At an early age <mask> decided on becoming a painter.He became interested in European cinema, focusing first on the films of Ingmar Bergman, and then on the French nouvelle vague filmmakers such as Jean-Luc Godard and, most especially, Alain Resnais. <mask> has said that that Resnais's Last Year in Marienbad (1961) had been the most important influence upon his own filmmaking (and he himself established a close working relationship with that film's cinematographer Sacha Vierny). He now lives in Amsterdam. Career

1962–1999

In 1962, <mask> began studies at Walthamstow College of Art, where a fellow student was musician Ian Dury (later cast in The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover). <mask> trained as a muralist for three years; he made his first film, Death of Sentiment, a churchyard furniture essay filmed in four large London cemeteries. In 1965, he joined the Central Office of Information (COI), working there fifteen years as a film editor and director. In that time he created a filmography of experimental films, starting with  Train (1966), footage of the last steam trains at Waterloo station (situated behind the COI), edited to a musique concrète composition.Tree (1966), is a homage to the embattled tree growing in concrete outside the Royal Festival Hall on the South Bank in London. By the 1970s he was confident and ambitious and made Vertical Features Remake and A Walk Through H. The former is an examination of various arithmetical editing structures, and the latter is a journey through the maps of a fictitious country. In 1980, <mask> delivered The Falls (his first feature-length film) – a mammoth, fantastical, absurdist encyclopaedia of flight-associated material all relating to ninety-two victims of what is referred to as the Violent Unknown Event (VUE). In the 1980s, <mask>'s cinema flowered in his best-known films, The Draughtsman's Contract (1982), A Zed & Two Noughts (1985), The Belly of an Architect (1987), Drowning by Numbers (1988), and his most successful (and controversial) film, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover (1989). <mask>'s most familiar musical collaborator during this period is composer Michael Nyman, who has scored several films. In 1989, he collaborated with artist Tom Phillips on a television serial A TV Dante, dramatising the first few cantos of Dante's Inferno. In the 1990s, he presented Prospero's Books (1991), the controversial The Baby of Mâcon (1993), The Pillow Book (1996), and 8½ Women (1999).In the early 1990s, <mask> wrote ten opera libretti known as the Death of a Composer series, dealing with the commonalities of the deaths of ten composers from Anton Webern to John Lennon, however, the other composers are fictitious, and one is a character from  The Falls. In 1995, Louis Andriessen completed the sixth libretto, Rosa – A Horse Drama. He is currently professor of cinema studies at the European Graduate School in Saas-Fee, Switzerland. 2000–present
<mask>t which were released in 2007 and 2008 respectively. Nightwatching is the first feature in the series "Dutch Masters", with the second project titled as Goltzius and the Pelican Company.On 17 June 2005, <mask> appeared for his first VJ performance during an art club evening in Amsterdam, Netherlands, with music by DJ Serge Dodwell (aka Radar), as a backdrop, 'VJ' <mask> Luper stories on the twelve screens of "Club 11", mixing the images live. This was later reprised at the Optronica festival, London. On 12 October 2007, he created the multimedia installation Peopling the Palaces at Venaria Reale at the Royal Palace of Venaria that animates the Palace with 100 videoprojectors. <mask> was interviewed for Clive Meyer's Critical Cinema: Beyond the Theory of Practice (2011), and voiced strong criticisms of film theory as distinct from discussions of other media: "Are you sufficiently happy with cinema as a thinking medium if you are only talking to one person?" On 3 May 2016, he received a Honoris Causa doctorate from the University of San Martín, Argentina. Nine Classical Paintings Revisited
In 2006, <mask> began a series of digital video installations, Nine Classical Paintings Revisited, with his exploration of Rembrandt's Night Watch in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam. On 30 June 2008, after much negotiation, <mask> staged a one-night performance 'remixing' da Vinci's The Last Supper in the refectory of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan to a select audience of dignitaries.The performance consisted of superimposing digital imagery and projections onto the painting with music from the composer Marco Robino. <mask> exhibited his digital exploration of The Wedding at Cana by Paolo Veronese as part of the 2009 Venice Biennial. An arts writer for The New York Times called it "possibly the best unmanned art history lecture you'll ever experience," while acknowledging that some viewers might respond to it as "mediocre art, Disneyfied kitsch or a flamboyant denigration of site-specific video installation." The 50-minute presentation, set to a soundtrack, incorporates closeup images of faces from the painting along with animated diagrams revealing compositional relations among the figures. These images are projected onto and around the replica of the painting that now stands at the original site, within the Palladian architecture of the Benedictine refectory on San Giorgio Maggiore. The soundtrack features music and imagined dialogue scripted by <mask> for the 126 "wedding guests, servants, onlookers and wedding crashers" depicted in the painting, consisting of small talk and banal chatter that culminates in reaction to the miraculous transformation of water to wine, according to the Gospels the first miracle performed by Jesus. Picasso's Guernica, Seurat's Grande Jatte, works by Jackson Pollock and Claude Monet, Velázquez's Las Meninas and Michelangelo's The Last Judgment are possible series subjects.Stairs 1 Geneva (1995)
Flyga över vatten/Flying over water, Malmö Konsthall (16/9 2000 – 14/1 2001)
 Peopling the Palaces at Venaria Reale, Palace of Venaria (2007)
 Heavy Water, Chelouche Gallery, Tel Aviv (2011)
 Sex & The Sea, Maritiem Museum, Rotterdam (2013)
 The Towers/Lucca Hubris, Lucca (2013)

References

External links

 <mask>. Faculty website at European Graduate School (Biography, filmography, articles and photos)

 Manu Luksch. Interview – The Medium is the Message. Telepolis. 13 February 1997
 Chris Gordon. Interview – An eye for optical theory, The St. Petersburg Times, Russia. 21 June 2012

1942 births
BAFTA Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema Award
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English experimental filmmakers
English film directors
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
21st-century male artists
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
Golden Calf winners
Living people
People educated at Forest School, Walthamstow
People from Newport, Wales
Alumni of Walthamstow College of Art
20th-century Welsh people

masks:
Peter Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenawayrand
Greenaway
Greenawaye
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Greenaway
Peter Greenaway


texts:
<mask>Jimmy<mask> (9 December 1873 – 2 August 1933) was a New Zealand Member of Parliament for Lyttelton. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in Treanmore, Mohill, County Leitrim, Ireland, the elder child of <mask>, a farmer, and his wife, Kate Rourke. He came to New Zealand with his parents in 1876 as a three-year-old. He was educated at Sydenham School and Christchurch East School. Initially he intended to join the ministry of the Anglican Church but later decided to cease theological studies and give his time to social work instead. He still remained involved in the Anglican Church and was an active member of the Church of England Men's Society and, inspired by his religious beliefs, he became a prohibitionist and became a leading member of the prohibitionist movement in Canterbury. He believed that the aims of the Christian Socialism in which he believed were better expressed via community and political activities.Through his community work McCombs met the like-minded Elizabeth Henderson. Henderson was the president of the Young People's No License League of which McCombs became a committee member of. On 25 June 1903 the two married and had a son and daughter together. <mask> became a successful businessman, owning and operating a drapery in Christchurch. He became a trade unionist and was elected president of the Drapers' Assistants Union. Regarded as a moderate among the union movement, he was regarded by liberal newspapers as representing "sane labour". McCombs also spent time speculating in property.In several areas in and around Christchurch he bought and sold land, the transactions that were not always profitable however and gradually the grounds of his family home in Fendalton were subdivided and sold to repay debts. Local political involvement
<mask> was involved in the temperance movement (with Tommy Taylor), the Progressive Liberal Association (with Harry Ell) and was a friend of George Laurenson. He became a member of the Liberal Party and in the 1890s he organised election campaigns for both Taylor and Ell. <mask> served on the Christchurch City Council between 1913 and 1917 and again from 1931 until 1933. During his second spell on the council (where Labour had a majority) <mask> chaired the finance committee. He reduced rates and protected council employees from any further wage cuts in an attempt to both dampen unemployment and stimulate the economy of the city. Neither outcome was successfully achieved however.<mask> twice stood for Mayor of Christchurch. He contested the 1917 mayoral election against the incumbent, Henry Holland, along the lines of win-the-war (Holland) and anti-conscription (McCombs). The result was a crushing defeat of <mask>; Holland received 12,177 votes and <mask> received 5,381. Holland retired from the mayoralty in 1919; the election was contested by three candidates: Henry Thacker, John Joseph Dougall (Mayor of Christchurch 1911–1912) and <mask> (who at that time was MP for Lyttelton). Thacker won the contest, and <mask> came last. Member of Parliament

In the , <mask> stood in Christchurch East as an Independent Liberal candidate; at the  contest for Avon he was a Liberal-Labour candidate polling 2,817 votes to the official Labour candidate's 798 on the first ballot. In the second ballot he was endorsed as the official Labour candidate, but lost to George Warren Russell.<mask> represented the Lyttelton electorate for 20 years from the 1913 by-election (following the death of George Laurenson). McCombs found it difficult to support a family and maintain homes in Wellington and Christchurch on a MP's salary of £8.10.0 a week. Once when rushing to get the ferry home, his suitcase flew open and several rolls of toilet paper fell out. Subsequently, Parliament got toilet paper in paper squares instead of rolls. <mask> was part of the committee which drafted the founding constitution and programme of the New Zealand Labour Party in 1916. He then became inaugural president of the Labour Party. The following year, he resigned the presidency and his membership of the Labour Party over the state control of liquor issue.After rejoining the party in 1918, <mask> served as Labour's deputy leader from 1919 until 1923. When Labour's caucus leader Alfred Hindmarsh died during the Influenza epidemic, Labour's leadership was open. <mask> made claim to the title but was opposed by the more militant Harry Holland. The caucus held an election to decide between the two. The result was a tie. After drawing lots, Holland was successful. During the 1920s <mask> with Dan Sullivan led the opposition to Harry Holland within the Parliamentary Labour Party caucus attempting several leadership challenges, all of which were unsuccessful.After the confusion following the 1922 general election <mask> was nominated by Holland (partly for political reasons) for the role of speaker, though lost to Reform's candidate Charles Statham 61 votes to 17. The 1925 general election was contested by Melville Lyons and the incumbent, <mask>. The original count resulted in a tie of 4,900 votes each. The returning officer gave his casting vote to Lyons and declared him elected. A recount was demanded, and on 3 December 1925, an amended result of 4,890 votes for Lyons and 4,884 votes for McCombs was determined, with the differences in the counts explained by counting informal votes in a different way. Lyons' election was declared void on 13 March 1926, and <mask> was restored as the holder of the electorate. The  had a close result, with McCombs just 32 votes ahead of the Reform Party candidate, Christchurch civil engineer Frederick Willie Freeman.<mask> held the electorate until 1933, when he died in office. The electorate was then held by his wife <mask> from 1933 to 1935, and his son <mask> from 1935 to 1951. Death
He died at Christchurch on 2 August 1933 from heart failure, and was buried in Waimairi Cemetery. Notes

References

|-

1873 births
1933 deaths
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
Independent MPs of New Zealand
Christchurch City Councillors
New Zealand businesspeople in retailing
New Zealand businesspeople
Drapers
Irish emigrants to New Zealand (before 1923)
Politicians from County Leitrim
People from County Leitrim
New Zealand temperance activists
Social Democratic Party (New Zealand) MPs
New Zealand MPs for Christchurch electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Burials at Waimairi Cemetery
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1908 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1911 New Zealand general election
New Zealand anti–World War I activists
New Zealand Liberal Party politicians
New Zealand Christian socialists

masks:
James (
) McCombs
McCombs
George McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
James McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
McCombs
Elizabeth McCombs
Terry McCombs


texts:
<mask> (, Western ; 23 March 1869 – 20 July 1955),  nicknamed "Mr Five Per Cent", was a British-Armenian businessman and philanthropist. He played a major role in making the petroleum reserves of the Middle East available to Western development and is credited with being the first person to exploit Iraqi oil. Gulbenkian travelled extensively and lived in a number of cities including Istanbul, London, Paris and Lisbon. Throughout his life, Gulbenkian was involved with many philanthropic activities including the establishment of schools, hospitals, and churches. The Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, a private foundation based in Portugal, was created in 1956 by his bequest and continues to promote arts, charity, education, and science throughout the world. It is now among the largest foundations in Europe. By the end of his life he had become one of the world's wealthiest people and his art acquisitions one of the greatest private collections.Biography

Family background
<mask>'s family are believed to be descendants of the Rshtunis, an Armenian noble family centred around Lake Van in the 4th century AD. In the 11th century, the Rshtunis settled in Kayseri, taking the name Vart Badrik, a Byzantine noble title. With the arrival of the Ottoman Turks, the Turkish equivalent of the name, Gülbenk, was adopted. The family had established themselves in the town of Talas and lived in the region until the mid-1800s, when they ultimately moved to Istanbul. Their property in Talas was ultimately confiscated and is currently owned by the Turkish Government. <mask>'s family established close relations with the House of Osman. By 1860, his father Sarkis <mask> was an Armenian oil importer and exporter already heavily involved in the oil industry.Sarkis was an owner of several oil fields in the Caucasus, mainly in Baku, and was a representative of Alexander Mantashev's oil company. Sarkis <mask> also provided oil to the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. During Hagop Pasha's Directorship, and, subsequently, Ministry of the Privy Treasury under Sultan Abdulhamid II in 1879, Sarkis acquired the lucrative collection of taxes for the Privy Purse of Mesopotamia. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 23 March 1869 in Scutari (Üsküdar), in the Ottoman Empire capital Constantinople (now Istanbul). He received his early education at Aramyan-Uncuyan, a local Armenian school. He then attended the Lycée Saint-Joseph French school and continued his studies at Robert College. These studies were cut short in 1884, when he moved to Marseilles at the age of 15 to perfect his French at a high school there.Oil business
Immediately afterwards his father sent him to be educated at King's College London, where he studied petroleum engineering. He was a brilliant student and graduated in 1887 at the age of 18 with a first-class degree in engineering and applied sciences. A year later, he went to Baku to examine the Russian oil industry and to further his knowledge of the oil industry. <mask> later wrote an article entitled La Transcaucasie et la péninsule d'Apchéron; souvenirs de voyage ("Transcaucasia and the Absheron Peninsula – Memoirs of a Journey") which appeared in the Revue des deux Mondes, a French language monthly literary and cultural affairs magazine. The article described his travels to Baku and the state of the oil industry in the region. It was eventually published as a book in 1891 in Paris. After Hagop Pasha's appointment as the Ottoman Minister of Finance in 1887, he had Calouste prepare an oil survey of Mesopotamia.To develop the oil survey, <mask> merely read travel books and interviewed railroad engineers that were surveying and building the Baghdad Railway. <mask>'s oil survey led Hagop Pasha to believe that vast oil deposits lay in Mesopotamia (modern Syria and Iraq), to acquire tracts of land for the Sultan's oil reserves, and to establish the Ottoman oil industry in Mesopotamia. By 1895, he started his oil operation business. He had to return to the Ottoman Empire, but in 1896, <mask> and his family fled the empire due to the Hamidian massacres of Armenians. They ended up in Egypt, where Gulbenkian met Alexander Mantashev, a prominent Armenian oil magnate and philanthropist. Mantashev introduced Gulbenkian to influential contacts in Cairo. These new acquaintances included Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer.Still in his twenties, <mask> moved to London in 1897 where he arranged deals in the oil business. He became a naturalised British citizen in 1902. In 1907, he helped arrange the merger of Royal Dutch Petroleum Company with "Shell" Transport and Trading Company Ltd. Gulbenkian emerged as a major shareholder of the newly formed company, Royal Dutch Shell. His policy of retaining five percent of the shares of the oil companies he developed earned him the nickname "Mr Five Per Cent". After the royalist countercoup of 1909, Gulbenkian became a financial and economic adviser to the Turkish embassies in London and Paris, and later, chief financial adviser to the Turkish government. He was a member of a British technical team to Turkey and, later, a director of the National Bank of Turkey, which was established to support British designs. In 1912 <mask> was the driving force behind the creation of the Turkish Petroleum Company (TPC)—a consortium of the largest European oil companies aimed at cooperatively procuring oil exploration and development rights in the Ottoman territory of Mesopotamia, while excluding other interests.The German interests would be limited to a 25% share, with a 35% share for the British, and the remaining for Gulbenkian to choose. So, he gave Royal Dutch Shell 25% and kept 15% for himself as "the conceiver, the founder, and the artisan of the Turkish Petroleum combine." A promise of these rights was made to the TPC, but the onset of World War I interrupted their efforts. At first, the British Foreign Office supported the d'Arcy group to gain a share and replace Calouste's share, but Gulbenkian worked closely with French concerns, arranged for the French to receive the German's share as part of the spoils of victory, and, in return, the French protected his interest. During the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire after the war, most of Ottoman Syria came under the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon and most of Ottoman Iraq came under British mandate. Heated and prolonged negotiations ensued regarding which companies could invest in the Turkish Petroleum Company. The TPC was granted exclusive oil exploration rights to Mesopotamia in 1925.The discovery of a large oil reserve at Baba Gurgur provided the impetus to conclude negotiations and in July 1928 an agreement, called the "Red Line Agreement", was signed which determined which oil companies could invest in TPC and reserved 5% of the shares for Gulbenkian. The name of the company was changed to the Iraq Petroleum Company in 1929. The Pasha had actually given Gulbenkian the entire Iraqi oil concession. Gulbenkian, however, saw advantage in divesting the vast majority of his concession so that corporations would be able to develop the whole. Gulbenkian grew wealthy on the remainder. He reputedly said, "Better a small piece of a big pie, than a big piece of a small one." In 1938, before the beginning of World War II, Gulbenkian incorporated a Panamanian company to hold his assets in the oil industry.From this "Participations and Explorations Corporation" came the "Partex Oil and Gas (Holdings) Corporation", now a subsidiary of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation headquartered in Lisbon. Art collection
Gulbenkian amassed a huge fortune and an art collection which he kept in a private museum at his Paris house. An art expert said in a 1950 issue of Life magazine that "Never in modern history has one man owned so much." His four-story, three-basement house on Avenue d'Iéna was said to be crammed with art, a situation ameliorated in 1936 when he lent thirty paintings to the National Gallery, London and his Egyptian sculpture to the British Museum. Throughout his lifetime, Gulbenkian managed to collect over 6,400 pieces of art. From René Lalique alone, Gulbenkian commissioned more than 140 works over nearly 30 years. The collection includes objects from antiquity to the 20th century.Some of the works in the collection were bought during the Soviet sale of Hermitage paintings. While <mask> in Lisbon, Portugal. The museum was founded according to his will, in order to accommodate and display his collection, now belonging to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation. Of the roughly 6,000 items in the museum's collections, a selection of around 1000 is on permanent display. Philanthropy
Throughout his life, <mask> donated large sums of money to churches, scholarships, schools, and hospitals. Many of his donations were to Armenian foundations and establishments. He required that proceeds from his 5% share of profits from oil should go to Armenian families.He also demanded that 5% of his workers in his oil production for the Iraq Petroleum Company should be of Armenian descent. He established and built the St Sarkis Armenian church in Kensington, central London, England, built in 1922–23 as a memorial to his parents, to the design of the architect Arthur Davis. Gulbenkian wanted to provide "spiritual comfort" to the Armenian community and a place of gathering for "dispersed Armenians," according to a message written by Gulbenkian to the Catholicos of All Armenians. In 1929, he was the chief benefactor to the establishment of an extensive library at the St. James Cathedral, the principal church of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem. The library is called the Gulbenkian Library and contains more than 100,000 books. Among many of his significant donations was to the Surp Pırgiç Armenian Hospital located in Istanbul. A large property called the Selamet Han was donated to the Surp Pırgiç foundation in 1954.The property was confiscated by the state in 1974, but returned to the foundation in 2011. He also helped establish a nurses' home at the hospital after selling his wife's jewellery

He was president of the Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) from 1930–1932, resigning as a result of a smear campaign by Soviet Armenia, an Armenian newspaper based in Armenia SSR. He was also a major benefactor of Nubarashen and Nor Kesaria, which were newly founded settlements consisting of refugees from the Armenian genocide. Later life and death

In 1937, Gulbenkian purchased a property near Deauville and called it Les Enclos. It was a place of repose for him. Nobel prize-winning writer and friend Saint-John Perse nicknamed him the Sage of Les Enclos and remarked in a letter to Gulbenkian that Les Enclos was "the cornerstone of your work, because it is the most alive, the most intimate and sensitive, the best guarded secret for your dreams." By the onset of the Second World War, having acquired diplomatic immunity as the economic adviser of the Persian legation in Paris, he followed the French government when it fled to Vichy, where he became the minister for Iran.In consequence, he was, despite his links to the UK, temporarily declared an enemy alien by the British Government, and his UK oil assets sequestered, though returned with compensation at the end of the war. He left France in late 1942 for Lisbon and lived there until his death, in a suite at the luxurious Aviz Hotel, on 20 July 1955, aged 86. In 1952 he refused being appointed as Knight Commander, and therefore the possibility of being styled as Sir, to the Order of the British Empire. In this same year his wife Nevarte died in Paris. They had two children, a son Nubar and a daughter Rita, who would become the wife of Iranian diplomat of Armenian descent Kevork Loris Essayan. His ashes were buried at St Sarkis Armenian Church in London. Legacy and fortune
At the time of his death, <mask>'s fortune was estimated at between US$280 million and US$840 million.Undisclosed sums were willed in trust to his descendants; the remainder of his fortune and art collection were willed to the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian), with US$400,000 to be reserved to restore the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, Armenia's mother church, when relations with the Soviet Union permitted. The foundation was to act for charitable, educational, artistic, and scientific purposes, and the named trustees were his long-time friend Baron Radcliffe of Werneth, Lisbon attorney José de Azeredo Perdigão, and his son-in-law Kevork Loris Essayan. In Lisbon the foundation established its headquarters and the Calouste Gulbenkian Museum (Museu Calouste Gulbenkian) to display his art collection. William Saroyan wrote a short story about Gulbenkian in his 1971 book, Letters from 74 rue Taitbout or Don't Go But If You Must Say Hello To Everybody. There are rooms and buildings at the University of Oxford named after Gulbenkian, including the Gulbenkian Reading Room in St. Antony's College, Oxford's old library and the Gulbenkian Lecture Theater in the St. Cross Building on Manor Road. Awards
 Grand Cross of the Order of Christ (Portugal) – 1950

Published works
 La Transcaucasie et la péninsule d'Apchéron; souvenirs de voyage, Éditeur: Paris, Librairie Hachette, 1891. .

See also
 <mask>an
 Gulbenkian commission
 Gulbenkian Park
 Gulbenkian Orchestra
 Gulbenkian Science Institute
 Museum of the Year, formerly the Gulbenkian Prize

References

Citations

Sources

Further reading
Biography
 Conlin, Jonathan. Mr Five Per Cent: The Many Lives of Calouste Gulbenkian.London: Profile Books, 2019. For detailed background concerning <mask> and the Red Line Agreement controlling Middle East Oil see
 Black, Edwin. Banking on Baghdad: Inside Iraq's 7,000-Year History of War, Profit, and Conflict. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2004. .
For general background concerning the development of the petroleum industry in the Middle East see
 Blair, John Malcolm. The Control of Oil. New York: Pantheon, 1976. .
 Yergin, Daniel. The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power.New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. .
 Sampson, Anthony. The Seven Sisters: The Great Oil Companies and the World They Made. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. .
For Gulbenkian as a collector see
 Azeredo Perdigão, José de, and Ana Lowndes Marques. <mask> <mask>, Collector. Lisbon: Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

masks:
Calouste Sarkis Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Calouste
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Calouste
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkianbenkian
Gulbenkian
Gulbenkian
Re Gulbenkianulbenki
Gulbenkian
Calouste
Gulbenkian


texts:
<mask> (22 April 1911 – 2 October 2000) was a German nuclear physicist. He received his doctorate from the Technische Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, in 1936. He then worked in Gustav Hertz's laboratory at Siemens. In 1945, he was sent to Institute G, near Sukhumi and under the directorship of Hertz, to work on the Soviet atomic bomb project. Released from Soviet Union, <mask> arrived in East Germany in 1955. He was appointed director of the Institut für physikalische Stofftrennung of the Academy of Sciences, in Leipzig. From 1969 until his retirement in 1974, <mask> was director of the Forschungsbereiches Kern- und Istopentechnik der Akademie.Early years
Mühlenpfordt was born in Lübeck. His father, Carl, was an architect and university professor, and his mother, Anna Dräger-Mühlenpfordt, was a painter and graphic designer. Anna was the daughter of Henry Dräger, founder of  Drägerwerk AG. Carl was a professor at the Technische Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig (in the late 1960s or early 1970s, reorganized and renamed the Technische Universität Braunschweig) and a practicing architect. Education
Mühlenpfordt received his doctorate, in 1936, from the Technische Hochschule Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig. Career

In Germany

In 1935, Mühlenpfordt, went to work for Gustav Hertz at Siemens. Among other things, Mühlenpfordt's research activities involved x-rays; an x-ray tube with a cross-shaped anode was named after him.Hertz conducted research activities in isotope separation, which effected Mühlenpfordt's career interests. In the Soviet Union
How Mühlenpfordt got to the Soviet Union and his activities there are best understood in the context of four prominent Berlin scientists. Manfred von Ardenne, director of his private laboratory Forschungslaboratoriums für Elektronenphysik, Gustav Hertz, Nobel laureate and director of Research Laboratory II at Siemens, Peter Adolf Thiessen, ordinarius professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin and director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie in Berlin-Dahlem, and Max Volmer, ordinarius professor and director of the Physical Chemistry Institute at the Berlin Technische Hochschule, had made a pact. The pact was a pledge that whoever first made contact with the Soviets would speak for the rest. The objectives of their pact were threefold: (1) Prevent plunder of their institutes, (2) Continue their work with minimal interruption, and (3) Protect themselves from prosecution for any political acts of the past. Before the end of World War II, Thiessen, a member of the  Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, had Communist contacts. On 27 April 1945, Thiessen arrived at von Ardenne's institute in an armored vehicle with a major of the Soviet Army, who was also a leading Soviet chemist.All four of the pact members were taken to the Soviet Union along with colleagues from their institutes. Hertz was made head of Institute G, in Agudseri (Agudzery), about 10 km southeast of Sukhumi and a suburb of Gul’rips (Gulrip’shi). Topics assigned to Gustav Hertz's Institute G included: (1) Separation of isotopes by diffusion in a flow of inert gases, for which Gustav Hertz was the leader, (2) Development of a condensation pump, for which <mask> Mühlenpfordt was the leader, (3) Design and build a mass spectrometer for determining the isotopic composition of uranium, for which Werner Schütze was the leader, (4) Development of frameless (ceramic) diffusion partitions for filters, for which Reinhold Reichmann was the leader, and (5) Development of a theory of stability and control of a diffusion cascade, for which Heinz Barwich was the leader; Barwich had been deputy to Hertz at Siemens. Other members of Institute G were Werner Hartmann, Werner Schütze and Karl-Franz Zühlke. Von Ardenne was made head of Institute A, in Sinop, a suburb of Sukhumi. Volmer went to the Nauchno-Issledovatel’skij Institut-9 (NII-9, Scientific Research Institute No. 9), in Moscow; he was given a design bureau to work on the production of heavy water.In Institute A, Thiessen became leader for developing techniques for manufacturing porous barriers for isotope separation. After <mask>'s successful work at Institute G, he became chief of a design bureau in Leningrad, no earlier than 1950. In preparation for release from the Soviet Union, it was standard practice to put personnel into quarantine for a few years if they worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project. Mühlenpfordt spent his quarantine at a facility in Agudzery (Agudseri), as did other German scientists. Additionally, in 1954, in preparation sending the German scientists to the Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR, German Democratic Republic), the DDR and the Soviet Union prepared a list of scientists they wished to keep in the DDR, due to their having worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project; this list was known as the "A-list". On this A-list were the names of 18 scientists; nine, possibly 10, of the names were associated with the Nikolaus Riehl group which worked at Plant No. 12 in Ehlektrostal' (Электросталь).Mühlenpfordt was on the list. Back in Germany
<mask> arrived in the DDR in 1955. He was appointed director of the Institut für physikalische Stofftrennung of the Academy of Sciences, in Leipzig; in 1964, the institute was renamed the Institut für stabile Isotope (Institute for Stable Isotopes). In 1960, he was also appointed a professor of the Academy of Sciences. In 1968, he was additionally appointed Beauftragter (Representative) of the Academy of Sciences. From 1969 until his retirement in 1974, <mask> was director of the Forschungsbereiches Kern- und Istopentechnik der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Research Division for Nuclear and Isotope Technology of the Academy of Sciences); the organization was later renamed the Forschungsbereich Kernwissenschaften der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Nuclear Science Research Division of the Academy of Sciences), and still later renamed the Forschungsbereich Physik der Akademie der Wissenschaften (Physics Research Division of the Academy of Sciences). Upon his retirement, Mühlenpfordt devoted his interests to art, history, and philosophy, while still retaining active interests in scientific research – improvement of television and investigating methods of earthquake prediction.Professional Honors & Memberships
Corresponding Member of the Akademie der Wissenschaften (Academy of Sciences) since 1969
Member of the Leibniz-Sozietät der Wissenschaften zu Berlin e.V. Nationalpreis der Deutsche Demokratische Republik in 1961

Literature
<mask> Mühlenpfordt The Importance of Stable Isotopes [In German], Kernenergie Volume 3, 816-822 (1960). Institutional affiliation: Institut für physikalische Stofftrennung, Leipzig. <mask> Mühlenpfordt Obtention, Application, and Analysis of Stable Isotopes in the German Democratic Republic [In German], Kernenergie Volume 5, 208-211 (1962). Institutional affiliation: Institut für Physikalische Stofftrennung, Leipzig. <mask> Mühlenpfordt The Institute of Stable Isotopes at Leipzig [In German], Isotopenpraxis Volume 2, 113-116 (1966)
Justus Mühlenpfordt Refinement of Industrial Products by Substituting Hydrogen by Deuterium. Part I.[In German], Isotopenpraxis Volume 2, 119-121 (1966). Institutional affiliation: Institut für Stabile Isotope, Leipzig Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin. Justus Mühlenpfordt, Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, Volume 36, Issue 4, 319-322 (2000)
Oleynikov, Pavel V. German Scientists in the Soviet Atomic Project, The Nonproliferation Review Volume 7, Number 2, 1 – 30  (2000). The author has been a group leader at the Institute of Technical Physics of the Russian Federal Nuclear Center in Snezhinsk (Chelyabinsk-70). External links
Leibniz Society – Obituary Justus Mühlenpfordt

Notes

1911 births
2000 deaths
20th-century German physicists
Isotope separation
Scientists from Lübeck
German expatriates in the Soviet Union
East German scientists
Technical University of Braunschweig alumni
Members of the German Academy of Sciences at Berlin

masks:
Justus Mühlenpfordt
Mühlenpfordt
Mühlenpfordt
Justus
Mühlenpfordt
Mühlenpfordt
Mühlenpfordt
Justus
Justus
Justus


texts:
<mask> (born December 11, 1954) is an American singer, songwriter, bassist, and member of the <mask> family. In The Jackson Five with four of his brothers from 1964 to 1975, he was the second vocalist after his brother Michael and played bass guitar, and since 1983 has rejoined their successors, The Jacksons. <mask> sang the lead on some of The Jackson Five's biggest hits and featured in "I'll Be There" and "I Want You Back" amongst others. When the four others left and had to reform as The Jacksons, <mask>, who had just married Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter Hazel, stayed in Motown and was replaced by his youngest brother, Randy. <mask> had a solo career concurrent with his brother Michael's and some top-30 hits until the 1980s, produced and recorded duets with Whitney Houston at her debut in 1985, and was a producer for the band Switch. After seven years he rejoined The Jacksons and remained throughout their various breakups and reunions. Early life
<mask> was born December 11, 1954 at St Mary's Mercy Hospital in Gary, Indiana, after his brother <mask>.He is the fourth child born to Joseph and <mask>. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, La Toya, Marlon, Brandon (Marlon's twin who died shortly after birth in 1957), Michael, Randy, and Janet. His father Joseph had musical aspirations, playing guitar with his brother's band, The Falcons, and Katherine was a passionate pianist and singer, but their large family and lack of money ended their dreams, with Katherine becoming a housewife and Joseph a steel worker at nearby Inland Steel Company in East Chicago, Indiana, where they lived before moving to Gary in 1950. While his father worked long hours as a crane operator, <mask> and his brothers, Tito and Jackie, secretly practiced their own songs using their father's guitar. <mask> became the original lead singer of the Jackson Brothers—an earlier incarnation of The Jackson Five until 1966, when younger brother Michael began singing lead. <mask> would continue to provide some leads over the years. <mask> graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California, in 1973.Career

The Jackson 5

<mask> and his brothers first signed as The Jackson 5 with Gordon Keith of Steeltown Records in November 1967, and their first single "Big Boy", was released on January 31, 1968. After the group recorded three more songs with the Steeltown label (on two records) they were signed with Berry Gordy of Motown Records in 1969. As the co-lead singer of The Jackson 5 after his brother Michael, <mask> sang notable parts of "I Want You Back", "ABC", "I'll Be There", "The Love You Save", "Dancing Machine", and many other Jackson 5 songs. <mask> performed as part of the group for six years. Not feeling that they were being paid fair royalties by Motown Records for their success as well as their desire for creative control, the Jackson 5 decided to leave the label and sign with Epic Records in 1975. However, <mask> decided to stay with Motown Records, citing loyalty to the company as the reason. Others argue that <mask>'s marriage to Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter Hazel, whom he married in 1973, was a deciding factor.<mask> split from the Jackson Five to start a solo career at Motown, and was replaced by his brother <mask>. Unbeknownst to the group, Gordy had trademarked the name The Jackson Five and did not allow the group to continue using the name when they left the label. Once signed with Epic, the group became known simply as The Jacksons. In 1983, Gordy asked the group to perform at the Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever television special. After the success of the broadcast, <mask> finally rejoined the band to record the album Victory which featured all six brothers on the <mask>'s album cover. <mask> also participated in the band's Victory Tour. He stayed with the group for their final album, 2300 Jackson Street, in 1989.<mask> performs the song If You'd Only Believe, from their 2300 Jackson Street album, on March 15, 1993, with his brothers Jackie, Tito and Randy, on the stage of the Grand Théâtre de Genève for the evening of the Nations. He also performed this song alone, on January 14, 1990 in Atlanta, in tribute to Martin Luther King, during King Week 90 '. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform for the <mask> 30th Anniversary Special. Solo career
Like Michael, <mask> began a solo career while still a member of The Jackson 5, and had a hit with the 1972 Shep and the Limelites cover "Daddy's Home". It sold over one million copies by March 1973, and was awarded a gold disc. When The Jackson 5 left Motown in 1975, <mask> left the group and stayed at the label until 1983, when he finally rejoined his brothers for the Motown 25 television special, and their album Victory the following year. <mask> was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his 1980 album Let's Get Serious.He had a number of Billboard top-30 hits throughout the 1970s and 1980s, including "Daddy's Home" (No. 9), "That's How Love Goes", "Let's Be Young Tonight", "Bass Odyssey", "Feel the Fire", "Let Me Tickle Your Fancy" (featuring Devo on backing vocals) (No. 18), "Let's Get Serious" (No. 9, also one of his only two UK hits, peaking at No. 8), "Dynamite" (No. 15), "Do What You Do" (No. 13), and "I Think It's Love" (No.16). A duet with his brother Michael, "Tell Me I'm Not Dreamin' (Too Good to Be True)", hit number one on the dance chart in 1984. Michael and he also collaborated with Rockwell, both providing guest vocals on his 1984 hit single, "Somebody's Watching Me". In 1985, his duet with Pia Zadora, "When the Rain Begins to Fall", topped several singles charts in Europe. His final chart success, 1989's "Don't Take It Personal", hit number one on the R&B singles chart. Some of <mask>'s finest moments as a singer can be heard in the soulful "Castles of Sand" and the Earth Wind & Fire-inspired "You Need To Be Loved". On May 19, 2003, he performed "Let's Start Right Now" live on the talk show "The View", hosted by Barbara Walters.<mask> is proficient on the electric guitar and is a talented bass guitar player. At an early age, he performed the parts of legendary bass player James Jamerson and others when the Five performed live. His main instrument was a Gibson EB-3. <mask> also composed and produced for other artists, such as Switch and he produced and sang duets on Whitney Houston's debut album for Arista Records. <mask> is featured on the Switch track "Tahiti Hut" released in 2019, recorded during the Reaching For Tomorrow sessions. Reality television
<mask> was the first housemate to enter the Celebrity Big Brother UK house in 2007. After leaving Big Brother, <mask> did several interviews on UK television explaining why and how he took his peaceful and mediating stance in the Big Brother house.He also spoke about the Jackson Five reuniting for a performance. <mask> was part of the second season of the CMT reality show Gone Country. On the premiere episode of season three of the ABC reality show Celebrity Wife Swap on April 15, 2014, <mask> <mask> and his wife Halima swapped places with Daniel Baldwin and his on-again, off-again girlfriend Isabella Hofmann. In the episode, <mask> refused to comply with Isabella's request that he put some of his clothing in storage. He also refused to provide a status report to the producers after the swap was completed. Later works

In April 2007, <mask> returned to the UK to take part in a one-off special of ITV's Challenge Anneka. On the same trip, he appeared in Glasgow with British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, speaking in support of Searchlight magazine's anti racism campaign, the Daily Mirror "Hope Not Hate bus".On November 23, 2007, <mask> appeared on Katie & Peter: Unleashed and again talked of a reunion with his brothers on a tour the following year. In 2008, <mask> flew to Australia to be a guest judge and mentor for the top-five <mask> night on Australian Idol. In March 2008, <mask> was the guest of honor at the Muslim Writers Awards in Birmingham. <mask> attended the memorial service for his brother Michael on July 7, 2009, at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. He acted as a pallbearer, and performed the song "Smile" by Charlie Chaplin, which was believed to be his brother's favorite song, in tribute. In 2009, following the death of his brother Michael, <mask> appeared on the A&E television series The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty, documenting what was supposed to be a 40th-anniversary reunion between <mask> and his brothers. The series lasted one season and <mask>, along with his three surviving brothers, was listed as an executive producer.In October 2010, <mask> played a concert at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas, naming it "40 Years of Jackson Music" and dedicating the concert to Michael. He wrote the memoir You Are Not Alone: Michael Through a Brother's Eyes. In a 2012 interview with Luka Neskovic, for The Huffington Post, <mask> said that his brother planned a reunion with him: "... the plan was to do some shows with the brothers, as well, after he finished his commitment with the "This Is It", and we probably gonna do some songs with him on the "This Is It" tour". In October 2012, <mask> released I Wish You Love, his first solo album in 21 years, consisting mostly of jazz covers. The album was arranged and produced by French opera singer David Serero, who recorded a duet on "Autumn Leaves" with <mask>, and was released by David Serero Productions. They both performed You Are Not Alone: The Musical, written, directed and produced by Serero, in France in January 2013. The following year, You Are Not Alone: The Musical Live was released on video and audio.On January 7, 2016, <mask> and his brothers performed at the Planet Hollywood hotel and casino in Las Vegas once again, at a concert event, naming it "Heal the World: A Tribute to <mask>". A big-name roster of music stars performed the music of the King of Pop at the concert. Personal life

<mask> has been married and divorced three times, and has seven children. His first marriage was to Motown founder Berry Gordy's daughter, Hazel Gordy (born August 24, 1954), which lasted from December 15, 1973 until 1988. He has three children with Hazel:
 <mask> La Jaune "Jay<mask> Jr., (born January 27, 1977). <mask> Jr. and his longtime girlfriend, Asa Soltan Rahmati, have a son, Soltan <mask>, born on January 20, 2017. Autumn Joi <mask> (born June 16, 1978), married to producer Narinder Singh.Jaimy <mask> <mask> (born March 17, 1987). <mask> was in a relationship with Margaret Maldonado from 1986 until 1993. They have two sons:
 Jeremy Maldonado <mask> (born December 26, 1986). Jourdynn <mask> (born January 5, 1989): Jourdynn is married to Marike Le Roux. He began a relationship with Alejandra Genevieve Oaziaza while she was dating his younger brother Randy, with whom she had a daughter and a son. He married Oaziaza on March 18, 1995, and the marriage lasted until May 19, 2003. They have two sons:
 Jaafar Jermiah <mask> (born July 25, 1996).Jermajesty <mask> <mask> (born October 7, 2000). In January 2004, <mask> met Halima Rashid while in line at Starbucks. In March 2004, he proposed to her and five months later, they were married in a mosque in Los Angeles. Rashid was arrested on November 28, 2015 in Los Angeles for alleged domestic violence. Rashid filed a petition for divorce on June 21, 2016, citing irreconcilable differences. <mask> supported his brother, Michael, during the 2005 child-abuse trial. He came to Michael's defense on CNN's Larry King Live and appeared with him in court on many occasions.On June 25, 2009, <mask> held a press conference at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and broke the news of <mask>'s death to the media. <mask> is a supporter of the English football team Sheffield Wednesday. Conversion to <mask>, like the rest of his family, was raised as a Jehovah's Witness. In 1989, he converted to Islam after a trip to Bahrain in which he was impressed by the local children's devotion to their religion. <mask> claimed that if his brother Michael had converted to Islam it would have saved his life, <mask> said in an interview that was aired. In popular culture
 He was voiced by Joel Cooper on the 1971-72 animated series The Jackson 5ive. He was portrayed by his son, <mask> <mask>., in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream.He was portrayed by Jason Griffith in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The <mask> Story. He was portrayed by Kenan Thompson in a 2010 skit on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. In the NBC television show Parks and Recreation episodes from S04E22 and S07E03, the ballroom at the convention center is named "<mask> Jackson Memorial Ballroom".

masks:
Jermaine La Juane Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jackson
Tito Jackson
Katherine Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Randy Jackson
Jermaine
Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Michael Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jackson
Jermaine
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Michael Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Michael Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
" Jackson
Jermaine
Soul Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Michael Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jackson
Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Michael Jackson
Jermaine
Islam Jackson
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jermaine
Jackson Jr
Michael Jackson
Jermaine


texts:
<mask> (November 8, 1780 – May 3, 1853) was a Pennsylvania attorney, politician in the state legislature, and judge, including years on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court from 1816 to his death in 1853. He served as Chief Justice on the court for 24 years. In 1821, <mask> was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. Early life
Born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, <mask> was named for <mask>, a Virginia hero of the American Revolution. <mask>'s father, <mask>, also fought in the war and remained in service after its end. <mask> was killed in an expedition to the Great Black Swamp in northwest Ohio during the Northwest Indian Wars, when <mask> was eleven years old. In 1795 or 1796, <mask> was sent to Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he remained about four years.Apparently <mask> did not take his degree, and the tradition is that he made very little mark as a student, though his latent abilities, or rather, his occasional and spasmodic indications of ability, were recognized by a few. Judge Hugh Brackenridge of the state Supreme Court, who lived in Carlisle, took some notice of the tall and awkward young student, and gave him the use of his library, the best in the town, which <mask> greatly appreciated. On leaving college, <mask> read law in Carlisle, in the office of Thomas Duncan, a lawyer of sound and thorough, if not brilliant ability, well versed in the learning of the time. In 1803, <mask> was admitted to the bar in Cumberland County, and later in the same year at Pittsburgh. In 1804, he was admitted in Beaver County, and he also practiced for a short time in Hagerstown, Maryland. In 1809, <mask> was elected on the Democratic tickets to the Pennsylvania state legislature, and again in 1810. As chairman of the judiciary committee, he secured the passage of the Act of 1812, abolishing survivorship as an incident of joint tenancy.In 1811 he championed the cause of Judge Thomas Cooper against impeachment proceedings. The legislature heard testimony that Cooper "berated lawyers, denigrated witnesses... carried deadly weapons to court,... and decided a case in which he had a financial stake." The legislature voted to remove the judge. Marriage and family

<mask> was married in 1812 to Sarah Work Galbraith of Carlisle. They had eight children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Judicial career
In 1813, Governor Simon Snyder appointed <mask> as judge of the new Eleventh judicial district. <mask> took up his residence at Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, where he first held court in a log-house.Pennsylvania Supreme Court service
On June 27, 1816, he was appointed by Governor Simon Snyder as an associate-justice of the Supreme Court, to fill the place vacated by the death of his friend, Hugh Brackenridge. He joined Chief Justice William Tilghman and Justice Jasper Yeates. Placed, at the age of thirty-six, in so responsible and dignified a position, and brought into close contact with the wide learning and experience of these veteran judges, <mask> quickly realized his deficiencies. He studied laboriously during the first years of his service on the supreme bench, and became engrossed in the law. He acquired a vast and accurate knowledge which gave him, as the years passed, a sureness and mastery, rarely equaled by any judge, in dealing with all questions presented. In 1817, on the death of Judge Yeates, Thomas Duncan was appointed to the vacancy, largely, it is supposed, through the influence of <mask>. He served with his preceptor on the bench as his junior associate.A constitutional amendment in 1838 changed the tenure of office of the Supreme Court justices from life to a term of fifteen years. It provided that the commissions of the judges then in office should expire at intervals of three years, in the order of their seniority as of January 1, 1839. Judge <mask> had opposed this change on broad grounds of public policy. At the suggestion of his associates, he resigned and was reappointed by Governor Joseph Ritner in 1838, thus prolonging his term by several years. This action was criticized by the newspapers. An 1850 state constitutional amendment provided that the judges of the Supreme Court should be elected instead of being appointed by the governor. At the Democratic Party convention in 1851, the only member of the existing court who was placed upon the ticket was Chief <mask>."The nomination," says Judge Porter, "was an act of high homage to his character. It was the result of that feeling. He was more than seventy years of age, too old, if he had been willing, to accomplish by his own energy anything to promote his nomination, and as unacquainted as a child with partisan politics and with party leaders. In one sense, the nomination was a rebuke to himself. He had seldom lost an opportunity to express his want of confidence in popular action, and his disapprobation of every movement designed to enlarge the boundaries of popular power. He took as little pains to conceal his sentiments on this point as on all others, and while he expressed them decorously he uttered them boldly. It must, therefore, have cost him some surprise, if not compunction, to find that carrying into effect the very movement of which he had most horror, the people, through their representatives, chose to retain their hold of him as one of their most important public servants."The judges drew lots for the terms, the law providing that one of them should go out of office every three years. Jeremiah Black drew the shortest term, and with it the office of Chief Justice. <mask> was commissioned as associate in the court where he had sat as Chief Justice for twenty-four years. Soon after his election as justice, <mask> became severely ill. His mind was as sharp as ever, but he was left physically frail. In the spring of 1853, he went to Philadelphia, against the protest of his physicians, to attend the meeting of the court. He died there on May 3, in his room in the United States Hotel, on Chestnut Street between Fifth and Sixth. He was buried at Carlisle, close to the graves of Brackenridge and Duncan.Sources
This work incorporates material from Samuel Dreher Matlack, "JOHN BANNISTER GIBSON. 1780-1853." in William Draper Lewis, Great American Lawyers (1909), pp. 351–404. References

External links
"<mask>er <mask>", Encyclopedia Dickensia, Dickinson College
Gibson Ancestors, by descendant Thomas K<mask>

Justices of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
1780 births
1853 deaths
People from Perry County, Pennsylvania
U.S. state supreme court judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law
19th-century American judges
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
John Bannister Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
John Banister
Gibson
George Gibson
George Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Justice Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
John Bannist
Gibson
. Gibson


texts:
<mask> (born October 5, 1974) is a Trinidadian-born American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She won the 2000 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for the titular role of Aida. She also won the 2010 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album for her album  Audience of One. In 2018, she recurred as Gwen Garrett on the NBC medical drama television series Chicago Med. Personal life
<mask> was born in Trinidad, the daughter of Hannah and <mask> (Barbadian). In 1989, she moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana in the United States at the age of fifteen with her mother and brother Eric Junior when her father was offered a job as pastor of McKee Street Church of God with headquarters in Anderson, Indiana. Headley attended Northrop High School, and was a member of their resident show choir, Charisma, and starred as Fanny Brice in the school's production of Funny Girl.After graduating from Northrop High School, <mask> attended Northwestern University from 1993 to 1996, to study communications and musical theatre until the last day of her junior year, when she made the decision to become a part of the musical Ragtime and drop out of school. In 2003, <mask> married Brian Musso, an investment advisor who briefly played for the New York Jets. Both attended Northwestern University. On December 1, 2009, they welcomed their first child John David. Headley had her second son Jordan Chase August 18, 2014. In April 2019, the couple welcomed a third child, a daughter. <mask> regularly performs with Vertical Church Band, the worship team from Harvest Bible Chapel.She is featured in their song "How Great Is The Love" and "All Glory". <mask>'s stage career began in 1996 when she was cast as a member of the ensemble in the original Toronto production of the musical Ragtime where she was an understudy for Audra McDonald in the role of Sarah. Her breakthrough came the following year when she originated the role of Nala in the Broadway musical The Lion King. <mask>'s performance was well received, and she then originated the title role in the Broadway adaptation of Aida, earning the Tony Award for Best Actress in 2000. In 1999, she appeared in the Encores! staged concert production of Do Re Mi, with Nathan Lane, Randy Graff, and Brian Stokes Mitchell. She starred in an Actors' Fund of America benefit concert version of the musical Dreamgirls alongside McDonald and Lillias White in 2001.In the autumn of 2006, <mask> performed Hal David and Burt Bacharach's song "I'll Never Fall In Love Again", from the 1968 musical Promises, Promises, for "The Kennedy Center Presents: The 2006 Mark Twain Prize", honoring playwright Neil Simon. The ceremony was later broadcast on PBS. On July 5, 2007, <mask> made a guest appearance for Andrea Bocelli's Vivere Live in Tuscany concert in Lajatico, Italy. They performed Vivo Per Lei and The Prayer. <mask> sang "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (also known as "America") with Josh Groban on January 18, 2009, during the We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial. On March 12, 2009, <mask> sang "I Wish" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. From November 2012 until August 2013, Headley played the role of Rachel Marron, in the musical adaptation of Whitney Houston's 1992 movie, The Bodyguard at London's Adelphi Theatre.She was nominated for an Olivier Award and a What's On Stage Award for this performance. <mask> joined the Andrea Bocelli UK Tour playing Glasgow Hydro on November 23 and at the Leeds First Direct Arena on November 24, 2013. On May 10, 2016, <mask> assumed the role of Shug Avery from Jennifer Hudson in the recent Broadway revival of The Color Purple, which closed on January 8, 2017 at the Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre. From 2017, <mask> is co-starring in Spike Lee's Netflix reboot of She's Gotta Have It as Dr Jamison. She also voices of the part of Fikiri as Makini's Mother in The Lion Guard. Music
<mask> released her debut album, This Is Who I Am, in October 2002 with RCA Records. Although its first single, "He Is", was not very successful, the second single, "I Wish I Wasn't", achieved moderate success.The work on this album earned her a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and for Best New Artist making her the first Tony Award winner to be nominated for this award. Her second album, In My Mind (2006) was delayed due to the various executive shake-ups associated with RCA parent BMG's merger with Sony. Under BMG North America chairman/CEO Clive Davis for the first time, <mask> released her second album In My Mind in January 2006. The title track "In My Mind" (written and produced by India.Arie collaborator Shannon Sanders) was released as the first single; and its music video was directed by Diane Martel. The song reached number-one on the U.S. Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. The second single "Me Time" was sent to Urban AC radio only.An album track, "Am I Worth It", served to promote <mask>'s New March of Dimes Educational Campaign "I Want My 9 Months". In 2009, <mask>, along with Al Green, released a version of the song "People Get Ready" on the compilation album Oh Happy Day: An All-Star Music Celebration. In January 2010 she won her first Grammy Award for Best Contemporary R&B Gospel Album for Audience of One on the EMI Gospel label. In December 2010, <mask> performed a duet version of "Blue Christmas" and "My Prayer" with Italian tenor Andrea Bocelli on his "My Christmas" tour in 5 US cities. At the Prudential Center in Newark, NJ, on December 4, 2010, the audience insisted on a second encore with Bocelli. Bocelli had to summon the detail to go and bring her back on stage. <mask> released her album Only One in the World on September 25, 2012, with the lead single "A Little While".In September 2013, <mask> appeared on America's Got Talent with Il Divo and sang "Can You Feel the Love Tonight?" from The Lion King. She also appeared with Il Divo on Broadway for a limited concert run in 2013. Acting
In 2017, <mask> appeared in a recurring role on the TV series She's Gotta Have It. In 2018, she appeared in a recurring role as Gwen Garrett on the TV series Chicago Med. In 2019, <mask> was cast as one of the three leads in the Netflix series Sweet Magnolias. In 2021, <mask> starred as gospel legend Clara Ward in Respect, the Aretha Franklin biopic.Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Singles

Other

Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Music

Theatre

References

External links
 Official website

1974 births
Living people
American film actresses
Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to the United States
Record producers from New York (state)
American stage actresses
Grammy Award winners
American neo soul singers
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
Actors from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Tony Award winners
21st-century Trinidad and Tobago women singers
Trinidad and Tobago record producers
Trinidad and Tobago stage actresses
Drama Desk Award winners
American musical theatre actresses
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Indiana
Musicians from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Writers from Fort Wayne, Indiana
21st-century Trinidad and Tobago actresses
21st-century American women singers
21st-century American singers
American contemporary R&B singers
Ballad musicians
American women record producers

masks:
Heather Headley
Headley
Eric Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Career Headley
Headley
Heather
Headley
Headley
Headley
Heather
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley
Headley