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Yusuf Hazziez (born Joseph Arrington Jr.; August 8, 1935 – August 13, 1982), known professionally as <mask>, was an American singer and musician who gained success in the 1960s and 1970s with his brand of Southern soul, which mixed the styles of funk, country, gospel, and rhythm and blues. His career started after he was signed to King Records in 1955 following four wins at the Apollo Theater. Between 1955 and 1964, he struggled to find hits, and by the time he finally recorded his first hit, "Hold What You've Got" in 1964, he had recorded 30 previous singles that were deemed failures on the charts. He went on to have four million-selling hits, "Hold What You've Got" (1965), "Skinny Legs and All" (1967), "I Gotcha" (1972), and "Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)" (1977). <mask> was nominated for the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame six times, most recently in 2017. Early life
<mask> was born Joseph Arrington, Jr. in Rogers, Texas, in Bell County to Joseph Arrington and Cherie Sue (Jackson) Arrington. He and his sister Mary Sue were initially raised by their grandmother, Mary Richardson.After their parents divorced, Cheri Arrington moved to Baytown. <mask> played baritone saxophone in the high-school band and sang in a local Pentecostal church choir. He entered several talent shows, and after an important win in Houston, he won $300 and a trip to New York City. <mask> took part in the amateur portion of the Apollo Theater, winning first place four times, which led to his discovery by Henry Glover, who offered him a contract with King Records. His mother's wish was that he graduate from high school first, and Glover agreed to wait a year before signing him at age 19. Music career

Early recordings
<mask> recorded for King Records between 1955 and 1957 with little success. He later claimed he sold musical rights to the composition "Fever" to King Records staff to get money to pay his rent.The song's credited songwriters, Otis Blackwell (who used the pseudonym John Davenport) and <mask>, disputed <mask>'s claims. Labelmate Little Willie John had a hit with "Fever", which inspired <mask> to write the first of his answer songs, "Pneumonia". In 1958, he signed with Ace and continued to have relative failures, but he was starting to build a unique stage reputation, opening for artists such as Jackie Wilson, James Brown, and Little Richard. He perfected the microphone tricks and dance moves that defined the rest of his career. Many, including Little Richard, claim that <mask>'s future nemesis James Brown stole <mask>'s dance moves and microphone tricks. In 1960, he left Ace and briefly recorded for Detroit's Anna Records label, scoring a Bubbling Under Billboard hit with his cover version of Etta James' "All I Could Do Was Cry". By then, <mask>'s use of rapping over his music was starting to become commonplace.In 1961, he recorded his composition "Baby You're Right" for Anna. Later that year, James Brown recorded a cover version, though with different lyrics and a different musical composition, gaining songwriting credit, making it a hit in 1962, and reaching number two on the R&B chart. During this time, <mask> first began working with Buddy Killen, who formed the Dial Records label behind <mask>. After a number of songs failed to chart, Killen decided to have Atlantic Records distribute his recordings with Dial in 1964. By the time he signed with Atlantic, <mask> had recorded 30 songs, all of which had failed to make an impact on the charts. Success
<mask> recorded his first hit, "Hold What You've Got", in November 1964 at FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama. He was unconvinced the song would be a hit and advised Killen not to release it.However, Killen felt otherwise and released the song in early 1965. By the time <mask> got wind of its release, the song had already sold 200,000 copies. The song eventually peaked at number five on the Billboard Hot 100 and became <mask>'s first number-one hit on the R&B charts, staying on the charts for 11 weeks and selling more than a million copies by 1966. <mask> placed six top-40 charted singles on the R&B charts in 1965 alone, including two more number-one hits, "I Want To (Do Everything For You)" and "A Sweet Woman Like You". He followed that with two successive albums, Hold On To What You've Got and The New Boss. He placed more R&B hits than any artist, including his rival James Brown. In 1966, five more singles entered the top 40 on the R&B charts, including "The Love You Save" and "S.Y.S.L.J.F.M."or "The Letter Song", which was an answer song to Wilson Pickett's "634-5789 (Soulsville, U.S.A.)". His 1967 hits included "Show Me", which became an often-covered tune for British rock artists and later some country and pop artists, and his second million-selling hit, "Skinny Legs and All". The latter song, released off <mask>'s pseudo-live album, Live and Lively, stayed on the charts for 15 weeks and was awarded a gold disc by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in January 1968. After leaving Atlantic for Mercury, <mask> had several more R&B hits including "Buying a Book" in 1970 and "Give the Baby Anything the Baby Wants" in 1971. The intro saxophone riffs in his 1969 song, "You're Right, Ray Charles" later influenced Funkadelic's "Standing on the Verge of Gettin' It On". <mask> recorded his next big hit, "I Gotcha", in December 1971. The song was released in January 1972 and stayed on the charts for 20 weeks, staying at number two on the Hot 100 for two weeks and sold more than 2 million copies, becoming his biggest-selling hit to date.<mask> was offered a gold disc of the song on March 22, 1972. The parent album reached number 17 on the pop albums chart. Following this and another album, <mask> announced his retirement from show business in September 1972 to pursue life as a minister for Islam. <mask> returned to his music career following the death of Elijah Muhammad in 1975, releasing the top-40 R&B hit, "Under Your Powerful Love". His last hit, "Ain't Gonna Bump No More (With No Big Fat Woman)", was released in 1977 and peaked at number 12 on the Hot 100 and number 2 in the UK. His last public appearances were as part of a revised 1980s version of the Soul Clan in 1981. After that, <mask> withdrew from public life, settling at his ranch in Navasota, Texas, and watching football games by his favorite team, the Houston Oilers.Rivalry with James Brown
The feud between <mask> and fellow label mate James Brown allegedly originated sometime in the mid-1950s, when both artists were signed to associated imprints of King Records, when Brown reportedly called out on <mask> for a "battle" during a dance at a local juke joint. In 1960, <mask> left King and recorded a few songs for Detroit-based Anna Records; one of the songs he recorded was the ballad "Baby, You're Right". A year later, Brown recorded the song and released it in 1961, changing the lyrics and the musical composition, earning Brown co-songwriting credits along with <mask>. By then, Brown had recruited singer Bea Ford, who had been married to <mask> but had divorced him in 1959. In 1960, Brown and Ford recorded the song, "You've Got the Power". Shortly afterward, <mask> got a personal letter from Brown telling him that he was through with Ford and if <mask> wanted her back, he could have her. <mask> responded by recording the diss record "You Keep Her" in 1962.In 1963, their feud escalated when <mask> and Brown performed a concert in Macon, Georgia. <mask>, who opened the show, imitated Brown by appearing in a torn, tattered cape and rolling around on the floor screaming, "Please—somebody help get me out of this cape!" Brown, already angry with <mask> over the song "You Keep Her", left the club and returned with guns. <mask> had left the club before the shooting had commenced. The incident led to multiple people being shot and stabbed. Since Brown was still on parole at the time, he relied on his agent Clint Brantley "and a few thousand dollars to make the situation disappear". According to fellow performer Johnny Jenkins, "seven people got shot", and after the shootout ended, a man appeared and gave "each one of the injured a hundred dollars apiece not to carry it no further and not to talk to the press".Brown was never charged for the incident. <mask> later claimed that Brown stole his dance moves and his microphone stand tricks. In a few interviews he gave in the 1960s, <mask> dismissed the notion of Brown being called "Soul Brother No. 1", insisting that Little Willie John was the original "Soul Brother No. 1". <mask> even claimed Brown stopped some radio disc jockeys from playing his hit "Skinny Legs and All", which <mask> claimed prevented <mask> from taking down one of Brown's number-one songs at the time. During a 1968 tour, <mask> had the words "The New Soul Brother No.1" on his tour bus, but eventually took the name off the bus and had it repainted. <mask> challenged Brown to contest who "the real soul brother" was. Brown reportedly refused the challenge, telling the Afro-American, "I will not fight a black man. You need too much help." While <mask> moved on from his initial feud with Brown, Brown reportedly joked, "Who?" in his Bobby Byrd and Hank Ballard duet "Funky Side of Town" from his Get on the Good Foot album when Ballard mentioned <mask>'s name as one of the stars of soul music. Personal life and death
A convert to Islam in 1966, he changed his name to Yusuf Hazziez, and toured as a spiritual lecturer.He had two daughters, Eartha Doucet and Leslie Arrington, and four sons, Joseph Arrington III, Ramadan Hazziez, Jwaade Hazziez, and Joseph Hazziez. Though he lived most of his life free of drugs and alcohol, according to his longtime producer Buddy Killen, <mask> suffered from addiction during the last four years of his life. In his final performances as part of the Soul Clan he appeared gaunt and unwell, and Killen claimed that <mask> had "lost his will to live". In early August, 1982, <mask> was found at the bottom of a swimming pool at his home in Navasota, after which he was revived in hospital and sent home. Just a few days later, on August 13, 1982, five days after his 47th birthday, he died at Grimes Memorial Hospital in Navasota, following a heart attack. Cover versions
Several other artists have covered <mask>'s work. The Foundations covered "Show Me".US R&B group The Raelettes and UK hard rock band Nazareth covered "I Want To (Do Everything for You)", and Phish performed "You Better Believe It Baby". In pop culture
"I Gotcha" is used in the film and soundtrack of Quentin Tarantino's Reservoir Dogs (1992). "Show Me" was used in The Commitments(1991). Selected discography

Albums
1964 Hold On! It's <mask> (Checker Records LP-2993)
1965 Hold What You've Got (Dial Records 8106, distributed by Atlantic Records) – US Pop No. 124, US R&B No. 2
1965 The New Boss (Dial/Atlantic 8115) – US No.142, US R&B No. 3
1966 The Love You Save (Dial/Atlantic 8124) – US No. 108
1966 I've Got to Do a Little Better (Dial/Atlantic 8133)
1967 The Best of <mask> (Dial/Atlantic 8144)
1968 Live and Lively (Dial/Atlantic 8156) – US No. 84
1968 Soul Country (Dial/Atlantic 8187) – US No. 154
1969 Happy Soul (Dial/Atlantic 8211)
1969 Buying a Book (Dial/Atlantic 8231) – US No. 190
1970 With Strings and Things (Dial/Atlantic 8254)
1971 From the Roots Came the Rapper (Dial/Atlantic 8292)
1972 I Gotcha (Dial 6002) – US # 17
1972 Spill the Beans (Dial 6004)
1976 Have You Ever (Mercury Netherlands NL-6338.693)
1977 Bumps & Bruises (Epic 34666) – US No. 108
1978 Rub Down (Epic 35079)
1978 He Who Is Without Funk Cast the First Stone (Dial 6100)

Chart singles

See also
Blues
Southern soul
Atlantic Records

Notes

References
 The New Musical Express Book of Rock, 1975, Star Books,

External links

 <mask> – I Gotcha at superseventies.com
 <mask> – The New Boss: Dial Sessions And Dates at keepkey.yochanan.net
 <mask> becomes Muslim at Raresoul.com

1935 births
1982 deaths
Ace Records (United States) artists
African-American male dancers
African-American dancers
20th-century African-American male singers
African-American Muslims
African-American male  singer-songwriters
American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
American funk singers
American soul singers
Atlantic Records artists
Converts to Islam
Epic Records artists
People from Baytown, Texas
People from Rogers, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
People from Navasota, Texas
20th-century American dancers

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Kim Ki-bum (born September 23, 1991), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a South Korean rapper, singer, dancer, songwriter, actor, fashion designer and television presenter. Born and raised in Daegu, South Korea, he later travelled to Seoul after a successful audition at the S.M. National Tour Audition Casting. In May 2008, <mask> debuted as a member of South Korean boy group Shinee, who later went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea. <mask> is widely recognised as a singer and rapper, but he has also ventured into different careers, notably as an actor and fashion designer. As a singer, he has collaborated with various artists, and debuted in the sub-unit Toheart with Woohyun of Infinite. He made his debut as a soloist in November 2018 with the release of the digital single "Forever Yours", and his first studio album, Face, was released later that month.<mask> has also contributed to songwriting that have been released in Shinee's and Toheart's albums. As an actor, he was cast in multiple musicals, such as Bonnie & Clyde (2013), Zorro (2014), and Chess (2015). He has since widened his field as an actor by taking part in several television drama roles, like Drinking Solo (2016) and The Guardians (2017). In 2015, <mask> progressed to becoming a fashion designer and took part in numerous projects. For instance, he collaborated with Bridge Shop House to design Shinee concert outfits, and worked with model Irene and the brand Charm's to design fashion apparel. Due to the success of his works, <mask> was later appointed as fashion director of the group. In 2016, he became a model for the American fashion brand Jill Stuart.Life and career

1991–2011: Early life and career beginnings

<mask> was born on September 23, 1991, in Daegu, South Korea, as an only child. At the age of 14, he represented Yeong Shin Middle School in his hometown as a water-skier and competed in water-skiing competitions. In 2006, he joined SM Entertainment after a successful audition at the SM National Tour Audition Casting. One year later, he appeared as a background dancer in the film Attack on the Pin-Up Boys. In 2008, he was chosen as a member of the group Shinee. The group released their first mini-album, Replay on May 22, debuting at #10 and reaching the #8 position on the charts. The first television presentation of the group occurred on May 25, 2008, on the program SBS's Inkigayo.Shortly after debut, <mask> appeared on television shows such as Idol Maknae Rebellion as a guest star alongside his Shinee group mates Taemin, Onew, and Jonghyun for two episodes. <mask> was also part of the cast of the show Raising Idol along with Dongho from U-KISS and Thunder from MBLAQ. In addition, <mask> was featured in label-mate Xiah's solo performance of "Xiahtic" in TVXQ's concert 2009: The 3rd Asia Tour Mirotic in Seoul. In 2010, he was featured in the song "치유 (Healing)" on TRAX's mini album Let You Go, and in Girls' Generation's song "Hwaseongin Virus (Boys & Girls)" () for their second studio album, Oh!. In 2011, <mask> collaborated with Leeteuk of Super Junior on a song called "Bravo" for the drama History of a Salaryman. He also took part in EXO's song "Two Moons" on their debut mini album Mama and BoA's song "One Dream" as the theme song for SBS K-pop Star with label-mate Henry of Super Junior-M.

2012–15: Toheart and theatrical debut

In 2012, <mask> was cast as Frank Abagnale Jr., rotating with Um Ki-joon, Kim Jeong-hoon, Park Gwang-hyun and label-mate Super Junior's Kyuhyun, with Girls' Generation Sunny and The Grace's Dana, in the Korean production of Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can, marking his theatrical debut. The musical ran from March 28 to June 10 at the Blue Square, Samsung Card Hall, in Hannam-dong, Seoul.On October 24, 2012, it was announced that <mask> would be participating in the return of the Korean adaption of the Broadway musical Catch Me If You Can. The production started on December 14, 2012, and continued until February 9, 2013, at the Opera House in the Seongnam Arts Center. <mask> also made a cameo appearance in SBS sitcom Salamander Guru and The Shadows. On July 18, 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be cast as Clyde in the Korean production of the Broadway musical Bonnie & Clyde, alongside the cast Kim Min-jong, Um Ki-joon, Dana of CSJH The Grace, and Hyungsik of ZE:A. The performance ran at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul from September 4 until October 27, 2013. Not long after, on October 22, he was cast in another Korean adaptation of the Broadway musical The Three Musketeers as D'Artagnan. In 2014, <mask> formed a duo with Woohyun from Infinite, a collaboration between SM Entertainment and Woollim Entertainment.According to the members, it was their idea to form a duo since they are close friends but they weren't thinking of a musical collaboration, instead of photoshoots and similar activities. The duo was well received, winning the Popularity Award at the 29th Golden Disk Awards. Jeff Benjamin from Billboard praised the duo's vocals, and also the choreography and on-screen charisma. In the same year, <mask> was cast as the lead role for the musical Zorro, sharing the role with singer Wheesung and Beast's Yoseob. Zorro ran from August 27 till October 26 at the Chungmu Art Hall in Seoul. <mask> also participated in the MBC variety show We Got Married Global Edition. He was partnered with Alissa Yagi, a Japanese model.In March 2015, <mask> and CNBLUE's Jung-shin were appointed as the main presenters of Mnet's M Countdown. In the same year, <mask> collaborated with AXODUS, a duo formed by Don Spike and DJ Hanmin. <mask> took over the vocals for the track "Hold On", and they made a special presentation on July 25, 2015 at the Ansan Valley Rock Festival. In July 2015, <mask> was announced to be part of the musical In the Heights, which was also performed with Japanese subtitles at Kanagawa Arts Theatre in Yokohama in 2016. <mask> starred in his first play as Byeong Gu in Save the Green Planet!, based on the 2003 film of the same name. <mask> also had his own web show entitled Key's Know How produced by Mnet. 2016–2017: Acting roles

In September 2016, <mask> made his official acting debut in the tvN drama Drinking Solo which aired from September 5 to October 25.He took the role of a student who has been studying for the civil service exam for three years. His character has lived an easy life so far but he's currently experiencing a life with no income. Even though this was <mask>'s first time acting in a network, his acting was well received by the production team, stating: "<mask> is someone who works hard. He prepared a lot beforehand and as an actor, he comprehensively analysed his character role. He is receiving many praise and love from the staff. Despite having no experience in dramas at the time of his audition, his acting gave off a very fresh vibe. Furthermore, his acting and his enunciation were good and so we decided to cast him."In April 2017, <mask> was announced as one of the main characters for the new MBC drama The Guardians. In the drama, <mask> plays the role of Gong Kyung-soo, a skater and a hacker whose mother went missing due to a crime and received positive reviews for his acting skills. He subsequently received the Best New Actor Award for his role in the drama at the 2017 Grimae Awards. 2018–present: Solo debut and military enlistment
In 2018, <mask> was featured in Years & Years' remix to their single "If You're Over Me", which was released on July 6, 2018. <mask> sings in both Korean and English over the original melody alongside the British pop trio. The original Korean verses reflect the song's overall meaning, as <mask> asks a lover to stop pushing-and-pulling and were written by the singer himself. On October 11, 2018, SM Entertainment announced that <mask> would make his solo debut in late November.Shortly after, on October 20, <mask> performed a special stage at CHARM's fashion show, during HERA Seoul Fashion Week. He performed a new song called "Chemicals", which was later included in his album. Two weeks later, the single "Forever Yours", featuring <mask>'s close friend and former Sistar member Soyou, was pre-released on November 6 along with a music video. On November 26, his first full-length album, titled Face, was released, alongside a music video for the single and title track "One of Those Nights", featuring Crush. Out of the ten songs included in the album, <mask> wrote the lyrics to four of them himself. Following his solo debut, <mask> also released his first Japanese solo extended play, Hologram, on December 26, 2018. Along with the title track "Hologram", the album contains a total of five tracks, including a Japanese version of "One of Those Nights" from <mask>'s Korean album Face.To celebrate his Japanese debut, <mask> held two live shows, titled Key Land, in Kobe and Yokohama on December 22 and December 25, respectively. His first solo concert in South Korea, titled The Agit Key Land – <mask>, was held in February 2019 in Seoul and ran for six days. I Wanna Be, a repackaged version of Face, was released on March 4, 2019; the album was preceded by the single "Cold", featuring Hanhae, and the title track "I Wanna Be", which featured Soyeon of (G)I-dle. On the same day the album was released, <mask> enlisted for his mandatory military service as a member of the military band. <mask> went on his final military leave on September 24, 2020 without returning to the army due to military protocols regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, before officially being discharged on October 7. He returned as a regular cast member for Amazing Saturday - DoReMi Market on its November 21 episode. On August 30, 2021, <mask> released the single "Hate That...", featuring Taeyeon, serving as the pre-release for his upcoming album in September.He held an online Beyond Live concert, titled Groks in the Keyland, on September 26. The concert was also broadcast live in theaters. His first Korean extended play, Bad Love, was released on September 27, with the title track of the same name. On October 9, <mask> received his first-ever music show win as a solo artist on MBC's Show! Music Core. Personal life
<mask> was raised by his grandmother from birth; his mother was sick after giving birth and his father was busy with work. On October 10, 2014, <mask> announced on his Instagram account that his grandmother had died on September 23, 2014.He stated that he wanted to announce it on his own because it did not feel right for the news to be announced through his company. <mask> graduated from Myongji University with a degree in Film and Musical. He attended Woosuk University for his postgraduate degree, majoring in "Culture and Education Contents Development". He participated in the project on youth self-concept development started by students in his major. He has conducted special seminars in Iksan Namseong Middle School, North Jeolla Province, and Gimje Girls' Middle School in Seoul. His thesis is titled "The Influence of Styling Education on Appearance Satisfaction and Self-Esteem of Korean Adolescents". Other ventures

Fashion

<mask> is considered one of the best dressed men in his country, with his peculiar and particularly appealing style often not afraid to mix colors.In media, his style is compared to fashion icon G-Dragon. Both are known not to follow trends, but instead have their own unique style, mixing elements of the new trends with outdated items. <mask> has stated that he enjoys to try something new to look different from others and that instead of being constrained by fashion, he cares more about the attitude towards fashion. Years after his debut, <mask> has also ventured into the fashion industry. For instance, he collaborated with designer Ko Taeyong on self-designed sweatshirts depicting his dogs and sold them for charity. In addition, he was also promoted to one of SM Entertainment's fashion directors and has been designing Shinee's concert outfits since 2015. In 2016, <mask> collaborated with Japanese illustrator Bridge Ship House for Shinee's fifth Korean concert tour titled SHINee World V. <mask>'s primary goal of the costume directing is a well-balanced combination of Shinee's identity as a group and each member's individualities.In January 2016, <mask> became a model for Jill Stuart Accessory. A representative explained that <mask> was chosen for the brand because he has promoted professionally in a variety of areas such as music and broadcasting, which showed an artistic aspect that overlaps with sensual style and fashion concept of the brand. <mask> also became a special editor for the Korean Elle, sharing his personal lifestyle in a column called 'Key Story', which is released bi-weekly by the magazine. He shared tips on colour contact lenses, cameras, applications, and more. In 2017, <mask> along with model Irene and fashion brand Charm's worked together to design new apparels which were sold in March. Philanthropy
In 2012, <mask> and his fans from Korea, China, Japan, Taiwan, Singapore, Thailand and seven other countries donated 2.12 tons of rice to World Vision, which was able to feed 17,000 undernourished children and elderly among 11 cities. Later on September 23, 2014, <mask>'s birthday, fans raised a total of 2 million won and established a well in Cambodia, and was also used as medical aid for poor children.In 2015, <mask> posted on his Instagram account encouraging viewers to help the citizens in Nepal after its earthquake, and sent moral support. In the same year, <mask> collaborated with designer Ko Taeyong and sold sweatshirts depicting his dogs. All revenue (approximately 12.5 million won) were later donated to the Animal Freedom Union. In 2016, <mask> along with groupmate Taemin and other artists from SM Entertainment took part in the "Make a Promise" campaign organised by UNICEF and Louis Vuitton, whereby 40% of the proceeds were donated through UNICEF to the children in need. Discography

 Face (2018)

Filmography

Film

Television series

Television shows

Reality shows

Web shows

Hosting

Musical theatre

Awards and nominations

See also
List of awards and nominations received by Shinee
List of awards and nominations received by Toheart

References

External links

 SM Entertainment Official website
 Shinee Official website

1991 births
Living people
People from Daegu
South Korean singer-songwriters
South Korean male musical theatre actors
South Korean television presenters
Japanese-language singers of South Korea
South Korean pop singers
South Korean dance musicians
South Korean male singers
South Korean male idols
Myongji University alumni
Shinee members
South Korean male television actors
21st-century South Korean singers
SM Entertainment artists
South Korean male singer-songwriters
South Korean baritones

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<mask> (; born June 24, 1986) is an American singer, songwriter, performance artist, and actress. Expressing an interest in music from an early age, <mask> had several temporary stints as a backup dancer for Destiny's Child, which featured her elder sister, <mask>, among its members, before signing with her father <mask>'s Music World Entertainment label. At age 16, <mask> released her first studio album Solo Star (2002). Between 2004 and 2007, <mask> had several minor acting roles, including the direct-to-video Bring It On: All or Nothing (2006) and continued co-writing music for Beyoncé and former Destiny's Child group members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. In 2007, <mask> began to record music again. Her second studio album Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008) deviated from the pop-oriented music of her debut to Motown-inspired sounds from the 60's and 70's. It peaked at number nine on the US Billboard 200 and received positive reviews from critics.She followed this up with the 1980s pop and R&B-inspired extended play True (2012) on Terrible Records and her imprint Saint Records. Her third studio album, A Seat at the Table (2016) was released to widespread critical acclaim and became her first number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single, "Cranes in the Sky" won the Grammy for Best R&B Performance. Her fourth studio album, When I Get Home, was released in March 2019 to further critical acclaim. <mask> was heavily influenced by Motown girl groups and says that her first passion is songwriting. Frequently compared by the media to her sister Beyoncé, <mask> has claimed that they have different aspirations and are musically different. She has been ranked by Billboard as the 100th most successful dance artist of all-time, and in 2017 was honored with the "Impact Award" at Billboard Women in Music.Her other ventures include an endorsement deal with Rimmel London and a line of hip-hop-oriented merchandise for young children. Early life
<mask> Piaget <mask> was born on June 24, 1986, in Houston, Texas, to Mathew <mask> and <mask>. Her older sister is singer <mask>. Her father, originally from Alabama, is African American, and her mother, originally from Texas, is an African American of Louisiana Creole heritage. Her maternal grandparents are Lumis Beyincé and Agnéz Deréon, a seamstress. She is also a descendant of Acadian leader Joseph Broussard. <mask> was raised Catholic until the age of four, when her family became members of a Methodist church.As a child, she studied dance and theater. At the age of five, she made her singing debut at Six Flags AstroWorld, a theme park in Houston. She began writing songs at the age of nine. At 13, she decided to pursue recording, but her parents initially advised her to wait. During Destiny's Child's opening stint for Christina Aguilera's 2000 tour, <mask> temporarily replaced member Kelly Rowland after she broke her toes backstage during a costume change. At the age of 15, <mask> replaced a departed dancer and performed with the group on tour. Career

2001–2003: Early career and Solo Star
Managed by her father Mathew, <mask> first ventured into the music business in 2001 as the lead singer, backed by Destiny's Child, on the title theme song for the animated television series The Proud Family.She also was a featured performer on "Hey Goldmember" for the soundtrack to the 2002 film Austin Powers in Goldmember, as well as a backup singer on the track "Little Drummer Boy" on Destiny's Child's 2001 holiday album 8 Days of Christmas. In 2002, she was featured on Lil Romeo's second studio album Game Time, singing portions of Luther Vandross-penned "So Amazing" on the single "True Love", and on Kelly Rowland's debut solo album Simply Deep, for which she also wrote the tracks "Simply Deep", "Beyond Imagination" and "Obsession". In 2001 she appeared as Lil' Bow Wow's date in the music video for his single "Puppy Love". She also made an appearance on The Master of Disguise soundtrack and made cameos in Play's video for "M.A.S.T.E.R. (Part II)" featuring Lil' Fizz. In 2002, she lent her voice for the character Chanel, the cousin of the protagonist Penny Proud, in an episode of the animated television series The Proud Family. In June 2003, Mathew <mask> excitedly announced that he was considering adding <mask> to Destiny's Child when the group reunited in 2004, thus turning them into a quartet for the first time since short-lived member Farrah Franklin left in 2000.Mathew <mask> said he was testing the reactions, and, judging by what he had heard, "it seems like a good idea". Later in August, however, Beyoncé said it was only a rumor and Destiny's Child would remain a trio. Rowland added, "She's a solo star," name-dropping <mask>'s debut album. At the age of 14, <mask> started working on her debut album Solo Star, which involved American producers such as Jermaine Dupri, The Neptunes, Linda Perry and Timbaland among others. She then recorded the album under her father's Music World Entertainment label with Columbia Records. The album is primarily uptempo R&B, although <mask> said there are pop, rock, reggae and hip hop influences. <mask> co-wrote and co-produced some of the 15 tracks in the album, including its lead single, "Feelin' You (Part II)".The song failed to enter the Billboard Hot 100, but reached number three on both the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles Sales and Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. Solo Star was released on January 21, 2003 in the United States, where it debuted at number 49 on the Billboard 200 and reached number 23 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. Solo Star had a mixed critical reception: William Ruhlmann of AllMusic called it a "state-of-the-art contemporary R&B album", but deemed <mask> "lost somewhere in the mix". By mid-2008, the album had sold 112,000 copies domestically according to Nielsen SoundScan. 2004–2008: Films and Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams

After the release of her debut album, <mask> began acting in films, followed by a career break to start a family. In 2004, she guest starred in an episode titled "The Catch" on the sitcom One on One. <mask> appeared as a teenager in the 2004 comedy film Johnson Family Vacation, starring alongside American actors Cedric the Entertainer, Vanessa Williams and Bow Wow.She provided a song, "Freedom", a collaboration with the Houston-based funk-jazz band Drop Trio, for its soundtrack. Although the reviews were generally negative, <mask> earned praise from Variety, which opined that she "is nearly as dazzling as big sister Beyoncé and does little more than smile winningly in her first bigscreen outing." In 2006, she starred as a cheerleading captain in the film Bring It On: All or Nothing, the third installment of the Bring It On series, alongside American actress and singer Hayden Panettiere. What little critical reaction the low-budget, direct-to-DVD movie got was negative, and <mask> was described as an "affordable young starlet". <mask> uses her full name for her acting, rather than just the first name she uses when singing; for Bring It On: All or Nothing, she was billed as <mask> <mask>, reflecting her married state at the time. While she was married, her family moved to Idaho, and, while staying there, she resumed writing songs including the singles "Get Me Bodied" and "Upgrade U" from her sister's second solo album, B'Day. <mask> earned the R&B and Hip-Hop Song accolade for "Get Me Bodied" at the 2008 ASCAP Awards.During this time, she had also written songs for Destiny's Child, and members Kelly Rowland and Michelle Williams. In 2004, while pregnant with her son, she made a cameo appearance in Destiny's Child's music video for "Soldier". After her divorce, <mask> returned to Houston to begin working on her second album. In 2007, <mask> renewed her management, signing a record deal with Geffen and a publishing deal with EMI. <mask> finished working on her second studio album in 2008 and titled the project Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams. It includes production by CeeLo Green, Soulshock & Karlin and Mark Ronson as well as an appearance by Bilal. A collection of 1960s and 1970s influenced songs, it is seen as a departure from her pop-oriented debut, with what Billboard magazine called "more of a modern twist on hip-hop and R&B flecked with tinges of blues and jazz".The album was released on August 26, 2008 in the United States. By December 2008, the album had sold over 114,000 copies according to Nielsen SoundScan. The album was positively received by critics, with Ian Griffin of The Guardian considering it far better than her debut. The album's lead single, "I Decided", was released in April 2008, and reached the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play chart; Rolling Stone magazine labelled it her breakthrough single. In support of the album, <mask> began the Solange Presents Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Tour in Britain in November 2008. <mask> announced via her blog that she would be releasing a series of mixtapes to coincide with the album. The first mixtape, I Can't Get Clearance..., includes the leaked track "Fuck the Industry (Signed Sincerely)".On this record, <mask> expressed her views on the current state of the music industry. The lyrics to the song name check some major artists such as Mary J. Blige, Ashanti, Keyshia Cole, and Beyoncé, although she made a point of stating that it does not have "a negative light to any of [them]". The mixtape was never released, but <mask> released "Fuck the Industry (Signed Sincerely)" as a single in 2010. 2009–2014: True EP and Saint Records

In an interview with MTV in 2009, <mask> revealed that she was determining the type of sound for the follow-up to Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams. <mask> also parted ways with the Interscope-Geffen-A&M record label group. She would now release her third studio album independently. Early in 2010, <mask> traveled to Australia to work with Australian rock band, Midnight Juggernauts on her third studio album.<mask> had planned to release the album in summer as revealed on her official Twitter account in 2009. She also revealed on her Twitter account that she rented a house in Santa Barbara, California to get into a certain state of mind while writing and making music. On May 7, 2010, <mask> made a guest appearance on the popular children show, Yo Gabba Gabba! for a "Mothers Day Special" where she performed an original song called "Momma Loves Baby". In an interview with Vibe on July 7, 2010, <mask> said she suffered "a little bit of a breakdown" while recording her new album: "I literally gave up my sanity for a while to do this record. [...] We literally were waking up in the morning and just making music all day and all night. [...] It just started to wear on me in so many different ways.I started having these crazy panic attacks." <mask> explained how she made sacrifices "mentally, emotionally and financially", and continued, "It's more than an album to me. It's a transitional time in my life." Regarding the musical direction of the album, she said the inspiration came from new wave and stated, "This is a dance record, but the lyrics can get pretty dark at times." In September 2012, <mask> released a teaser video for "Losing You", which was announced as the lead single from her third studio album. This release marked <mask>'s first release as a signee of the independent label Terrible Records. The video was shot in Cape Town, South Africa in early September 2012.<mask> revealed in an interview that her mother <mask> had paid for <mask> and her friends to fly out and record the video as her birthday gift. On October 24, 2012, <mask> held a listening party in New York City for her EP True, released for digital download on iTunes November 27, 2012. The CD and vinyl was made available January 8, 2013. Following the EP's release, Solange appeared on the cover of The Fader magazine's 84th issue. On May 14, 2013, <mask> announced that she had launched her own record label named Saint Records, which she will be using to release her third full-length album and future music projects distributed through Sony. Saint Records was established to focus on not-yet mainstream hip-hop and R&B artists.

masks:
Solange Piaget Knowles
Knowles
Beyoncé Knowles
Mathew Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Solange
Knowles
Knowles
Tina Knowles
Beyoncé Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Solange
Knowles Smith
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Tina Knowles
Knowles
Knowles
Knowles


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 She also collaborated with The Lonely Island on the song "Semicolon", which was featured as part of YouTube's Comedy Week and is featured on The Lonely Island's album, The Wack Album.On November 11, 2013, <mask>'s record label released its first compilation album, Saint Heron. 2015–present: A Seat at the Table, and When I Get Home

On May 15, 2015, <mask> performed "Rise" for the first time at an HBO-sponsored event, which was inspired by police killings in Ferguson and Baltimore and the subsequent protests. In July 2015, <mask> announced that her third studio album was nearly complete. On her thirtieth birthday, June 24, 2016, she stated that she had completed A Seat at the Table three days before her birthday, on June 21. The album was released on September 30, 2016, to universal critical acclaim. It became her first number-one album in the United States. This made her and Beyoncé the first sisters to have both had US number-one albums in a calendar year.On October 3, 2016, <mask> released music videos for the songs "Don't Touch My Hair" and "Cranes in the Sky", both co-directed by herself and Alan Ferguson. In June 2017, <mask> performed at the Glastonbury Festival; her performance earned a perfect five-star review from Patrick Smith of The Daily Telegraph, who deemed her "an artist to be cherished" and the performance itself "fantastic theatre." In December, <mask> directed the video for the song "The Weekend" by SZA. In 2019, Solange performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival, the Parklife festival, and Lovebox Festival. On March 1, she released her fourth studio album, When I Get Home. She previously teased the album by posting two video snippets on her Instagram and Twitter as well as a personal web page on the African-American social networking site BlackPlanet. Stereo Williams of The Daily Beast deemed the album a confirmation that <mask> "is one of the most talented singer-songwriters of her generation."Artistry

Music and influences

On her debut album, <mask> had no control over which kinds of music to produce, stating that "when you're 14, everyone else is older and more seasoned and you trust their decisions". She was more concerned with pleasing her record label by submitting to their desires. Her musical influences were better expressed on Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams, when she considered herself mature and was able to write and produce songs as she wished, without worrying about the expectations of others. <mask>'s lyrics tackle relationships, world issues, and deceased friends, with her second album focusing on events in her life, such as marriage, divorce, and parenthood. The album touched upon a variety of genres including pop-soul, psychedelic soul, electronica, and R&B. <mask>'s debut extended play True is a new wave album with <mask> stating, "This is a dance record, but the lyrics can get pretty dark at times." <mask> described the EP as "eclectic with 1980s references and African percussion influences."Sonically the extended play is influenced by the keyboard sounds and beats of early 1980s pop and R&B music. The EP was recorded in five cities including Santa Barbara, Los Angeles, Houston, New York, and on the German autobahn. Her 2016 album, A Seat at The Table, discusses themes such as "black womanhood," "Southern culture and glory," and "what it means to be free and not free all at once." Performance art
Outside her work of being a singer-songwriter, <mask> has also ventured into performance art. In an interview with Surface magazine, she said "I'm not at all interested in entertainment. I'm really interested in energy exchange between the viewer and the performer. One way to do that is to make an inclusive experience through style, through energy, through space."She has put on subsequent performance art pieces throughout the world, including Witness! at the Elbphilharmonie and Bridge-s at the Getty Museum. Public image

<mask> has always been compared by the media to her sister, Beyoncé, whom she considers one of her role models. She has expressed her opinion of the comparison in the lyrics to "God Given Name": "I'm not her and never will be" – which was purposely set as the opening track of Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams to show their differences. In his review for the album, Jody Rosen of Rolling Stone magazine referred to the lyrics as a declaration of independence. Beyoncé was unwilling to bring her sister into the recording industry, reasoning that it "involves a lot of pressure". <mask> countered by saying, "It's good to have her advice, but we really have different goals".In her self-titled album, Beyoncé credits <mask> with the lyric "my sister told me I should speak my mind", as she acknowledges the impact her family has made on her life. <mask> has been described as a fashion icon. Her knack for bold colors, mixed prints, and retro styles, as well as her knack for glamorous, fashion-forward looks in her music videography and public appearances, has become integral to her current image. She has been photographed wearing Alexander Wang, Alexander McQueen, and Chanel. The music video for her 2012 single "Losing You" featured a heavy demonstration of the contemporary sartorial movement throughout Africa, La Sape. Similarly, her decision to grow her natural hair initially generated strong reactions from the public. In a cover interview with Toyin Ojih Odutola for Cultured Magazine, <mask> addressed her shift to minimalist fashion and the response she received from the public, "This idea that black women could not be minimalist, we could not be subtle— we have to be big, we have to be loud, we have to be an explosive presence."At the 2017 Glamour Women of the Year awards, <mask> wore a yellow Jean-Paul Gaultier couture gown and was named a Woman of the Year. <mask> is an activist for the Black Lives Matter movement. After the Charleston church shooting in June 2015, <mask> released a statement posing the following questions: "Where can we be safe? Where can we be free? Where can we be black?" In July 2016, she marched in Baton Rouge, Louisiana in protest of the shooting of Alton Sterling; she also criticized police presence during the march. Other ventures
In 2007, <mask> began promoting Baby Jamz, a hip hop-styled toy line for pre-schoolers.It was inspired by her son, who is fond of hip hop music. She is the executive producer of the CD, composed of updated hip hop inspired nursery rhymes, which is featured in all of the toys. In 2008, <mask> was named as ambassador for Giorgio Armani's younger diffusion line, Armani Jeans. Armani said <mask> epitomizes the style, which is a "vision of a young, independent, casual lifestyle with a strong and cool, fashion sensibility". In 2009, <mask> was featured in Ocean Pacific's "Summer of Music" and "OPen Campus" ad campaigns. In 2010, <mask> worked on the award-winning children's television series Yo Gabba Gabba!. She performed an original song "Momma Loves Baby" in the special episode titled "Baby".She also sang "Momma Loves Baby" live when the show toured the Dallas–Fort Worth area. In 2011, <mask>, Alejandra Ramos Munoz and Zooey Deschanel were announced as the new faces of Rimmel London. At the time, <mask> was also the face of Carol's Daughter. She stepped down from this position in 2012, amid criticism of her natural hair. In 2017, <mask> became the face of a Calvin Klein campaign. In 2018, <mask> received the artist of the year award from the Harvard Foundation. She became the face of Mercedes-Benz's campaign #WEWONDER and Helmut Lang's fashion campaign.She also began a collaboration for interior design with IKEA. House of Deréon
<mask> and sister Beyoncé modeled for their family's clothing line, House of Deréon, named after their grandmother, Agnéz Deréon. She also helped launch Deréon, a junior apparel collection and sister line to House of Deréon. Both sisters modeled for Deréon, and were featured in most of Deréon's marketing campaigns. Together they were featured in a "Got Milk?" campaign ad, wearing House of Deréon. Saint Heron
In 2013, <mask> launched the digital platform Saint Heron as a music and cultural hub to amplify Black artistry.In May 2021, Saint Heron expanded into a multidisciplinary institution, which includes a studio, creative agency, library, and art gallery. Saint Heron's official website debuted a dossier, with plans of highlighting both “literary and visual retrospectives of radical family and artist lineages.” Each dossier installation will be live on the site for seven to ten days, the first recounting the story of Saint Heron, in <mask>'s own words. Personal life
<mask> married Daniel Smith in February 2004, when she was 17 and he was 19. On October 18, 2004, <mask> gave birth to a son. After their son's birth, the family moved to Moscow, Idaho, where <mask>'s husband continued studying in college. The two divorced in 2007, after which <mask> split her time between her residences in Los Angeles and Houston, Texas. She and her son relocated to Brooklyn in 2011, and to New Orleans, Louisiana in 2013.On May 12, 2014, TMZ released security video footage of <mask> appearing to physically attack her brother-in-law, Jay-Z, and being restrained by a security guard in an elevator at The Standard, High Line in Manhattan. <mask>, Jay-Z, and Beyoncé called the occurrence an "unfortunate incident" and stated that the family "has worked through it." <mask> later clarified that she and her family were "all good." <mask> married music video director Alan Ferguson at the Marigny Opera House in New Orleans on November 16, 2014. The couple separated in 2019. That same year, <mask> began dating experimental jazz artist Gio Escobar from the band Standing on the Corner, whom she previously collaborated with on her studio album When I Get Home. <mask> publicly acknowledged the relationship on Instagram in November 2020.Discography

 Solo Star (2002)
 Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams (2008)
 A Seat at the Table (2016)
 When I Get Home (2019)

Tours
Headlining
Solo Star Tour (2003)
The Art of Love Tour (2008)
Solange Presents Sol-Angel and the Hadley St. Dreams Tour (2008)
True Promo Tour (2012)
Orion's Rise (2017)
Supporting
Simply Deeper Tour (2003)
The Justified World Tour (2003-2004)

Filmography

Film

Television

Achievements

At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards (2017), <mask> won her first Grammy Award, for Best R&B Performance for her song "Cranes in the Sky", the lead and only single from her third album, A Seat at the Table (2016), which was <mask>'s first Grammy Award nomination. <mask> has also won a BET Award, a Soul Train Music Award, a Webby Award, and more. In 2017, she also won Glamour Award for Woman of the Year, and became the first winner of Billboard Women in Music Impact Award. References

External links

1986 births
21st-century African-American women singers
Actresses from Houston
African-American actresses
African-American businesspeople
African-American choreographers
African-American fashion designers
African-American female dancers
African-American female models
African-American women singer-songwriters
African-American record producers
American bloggers
American businesspeople in retailing
American contemporary R&B singers
American cosmetics businesspeople
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American female hip hop musicians
American film actresses
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American people of Creole descent
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American rhythm and blues singer-songwriters
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Beyoncé
Businesspeople from Texas
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Living people
Music video codirectors
Musicians from Houston
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Solange Knowles
Singer-songwriters from Texas
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Women hip hop record producers
American women fashion designers
African-American

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<mask> (31 July 1873 – 22 May 1928) was a British Christian missionary with the Church Missionary Society in Cairo, Egypt. His entire life was dedicated to service in Egypt as he himself commented when he was first preparing to leave. While in Cairo he partnered with his dear friend Douglas M. Thornton to reach educated Muslims with the gospel of Jesus Christ. This dynamic duo held many lectures in their home, Beit Arabi Pasha, and wrote a weekly magazine titled Orient and Occident. After Thornton's death in 1907 Gairdner continued his work in Cairo but was never able to recapture the amount of work that was accomplished when Thornton was at his side. It was this lack of help that would plague his ministry until the day of his death in 1928. Gairdner was a prolific writer and scholar of Arabic.He showed much promise to contribute greatly in theological and scholarly circles of Islam but instead chose to serve the local church in Cairo. Family and early life
Gairdner was born in Ardrossan, Ayrshire, Scotland on 31 July 1873. He was the son of Sir <mask> <mask>, a Scotsman, and Helen Bridget Wright, an English-woman. Gairdner was educated at St Ninian's Prep School, Moffat and Rossall School. His father served as a professor of medicine at Glasgow University and bestowed upon young Gairdner his passions for music, science, and philosophy. His mother contributed to Gairdner's experiences in school life and church life as she often conveyed her love for the Anglican Church to him as well as arranged for his traditional English education. Also Gairdner's personality drew greatly from his mother.From her he drew his sense of humor and emotional nature. Gairdner married Margaret Mitchell on 16 October 1902 at Christ Church, Nazareth. Margaret was one of Gairdner's childhood friends and was the daughter of Dr. John Oswald Mitchell, and granddaughter of Rev. W. Ackworth. Gairdner and Margaret celebrated twenty-five years of marriage and raised five children together before Gairdner's death in 1928. Oxford University
Gairdner entered Trinity College, Oxford in October 1892. Gairdner's educational career at Oxford is marked by his involvement in the Oxford Inter-Collegiate Christian Union (OICCU).Gairdner remained on the fringe of this group until March 1893 "Where he experienced the overwhelming ‘embrace of Christ’, and responded in faith." It was at the Congress of Unions at Oxford that brought Gairdner to this point and pushed him into a new passion for service and witness. Gairdner finished his time at Oxford in 1897 but that would not be the last time he would spend in diligent study. In 1910 after serving eleven years with the Church Missionary Society in Cairo, Egypt, Gairdner was granted a one-year leave of absence to study Arabic and Islam. Gairdner was gone for a total of eighteen months leaving at the end of May 1910 and returning to Cairo in November 1911. Gairdner made three major stops on this educational leave, the first being in Potsdam, Germany to study the German language and be able to read German literature of which there were many writings on Islamic topics. The next five months were spent at Hartford Theological Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut where he was able to study with Duncan Black MacDonald who was one of the foremost Western scholars of Islam.The last portion of his study year was used to return to Europe where he studied with the Hungarian scholar of Islam, Ignaz Goldziher, and toured different institutions to study methods of missionary training. Career
After finishing his schooling at Oxford, Gairdner became a travelling secretary for the Student Christian Movement until 1899. At this point Gairdner was ordained and the Church Missionary Society (CMS) sent him to Cairo with his beloved friend, Douglas Thornton. Gairdner's role in Cairo was to work with educated Muslims and so Gairdner and Thornton opened their home, called Beit Arabi Pasha, to conduct meetings and lead study groups with Muslims of higher education. In January 1905, Thornton and Gairdner were able to release the first issue of their Anglo-Arabic magazine, Orient and Occident. This magazine was created to present articles of general interest and to reach a wider audience than Thornton and Gairdner were already reaching. Many of the articles dealt with questions and objections that Muslims would raise about Christianity such as the authenticity of the Bible.Thornton's death in 1907 was a large blow to Gairdner and tested him severely. However the loss of his dear friend did not hinder him in his ministry. He continued with his work, especially that of the Orient and Occident and even undertook several other writing jobs. This workload put a halt to the meetings at Beit Arabi Pasha a year after Thornton's death but Gairdner was able to finish two books by 1909, D. M. Thornton: a study  of missionary ideals and methods and The Reproach of Islam. Upon his return to Cairo after his year of absence to study Arabic and Islam, Gairdner found himself in a much different role than he had before. Gairdner was put to a much more technical aspect of the mission. His role now included much more grammatical work in Arabic as well as being the Mission secretary.This role was not his forte and he found great difficulty in dealing with the administration tasks and transactions of an organisation. After Gairdner’s time as Mission secretary he began experimenting in the medium in which the gospel could be shared. Between 1921 and 1925 Gairdner began to take biblical narratives and presenting them in dramas. This was eventually shut down by the CMS who instead advocated for the establishment of an Arabic Anglican Church. Gairdner took great delight in this church and saw that its growth was much more important than his own production of literature. Some of his last endeavours before his death in 1928 include his speaking on "Brotherhood, Islam’s or Christ’s" at a Scottish Missionary Conference in 1922 as well as the composition of several literary works. These works include Arabic-language commentaries on Galatians, Hebrews, and Philippians and The Values of Christianity and Islam.Selected works
 D.M. Thornton: a study in missionary ideals and methods (1908)
 The Reproach of Islam (1909)
 Echoes From Edinburgh 1910: An Account and Interpretation of the World Missionary Conference (1910)
 The Verse of Stoning in the Bible and the Qur'an (1910)
 The Eucharist as Historical Evidence (1910)
 God as Triune, Creator Incarnate, Atoner: A Reply to Muhammadan Objections and an Essay in Philosophic Apology (1916)
 "Mohammed without Camouflage: Ecce Homo Arabicus," Moslem World 9, (1917): 25–57. "The Christian Church as a Home for Christ's Converts from Islam," Moslem World 14, (1924): 235–246. The Muslim Idea of God (1925)
 Commentary on Galatians (in Arabic)
 Commentary on Hebrews (in Arabic)
 Commentary on Philippians (in Arabic)

Translations
 The Niche for Lights (Mishkât Al-Anwar, 1924)

For a more complete bibliography, see Lyle L. Vander Werff, Christian Mission to Muslims, the Record: Anglican and Reformed Approaches in India and the Near East, 1800–1938 (South Pasadena, CA: William Carey Library, 1977), 279–282; and Constance E. Padwick, Temple Gairdner of Cairo (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1929), 327–330. See also

 <mask>

References

Source material
 Tucker, Ruth A. From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya: A Biographical History of Christian Missions. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1983, 2004.Cragg, Kenneth. "<mask>'s Legacy". International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 5, no. 4 (October 1981): 164–167. External links

 Works by <mask> <mask>er
 History of the Anglican Church in Egypt

1873 births
1928 deaths
Hartford Seminary alumni
People educated at St Ninian's School, Moffat
People educated at Rossall School
Christian scholars of Islam
Anglican missionaries in Egypt
British Anglican missionaries
British expatriates in Egypt

masks:
William Henry Temple Gairdner
William Tennant
Gairdner
Douglas Gairdner
Temple Gairdner
William Henry
Temple Gairdn


texts:
is a Japanese actor, voice actor and singer who has voiced characters in anime, drama CDs, and video games. He was formerly affiliated with I'm Enterprise, Sigma Seven and VIMS. His most notable roles were Shikamaru Nara from Naruto, Souji Okita in the Hakuouki series, X in the Mega Man X series and Yosuke Hanamura from Persona 4. Biography
Morikubo graduated from Third Junior & Senior High School of Nihon University in 1992, and dropped out of Tama Art University. Before becoming a full-fledged voice actor, he worked at a talent agency, and was recruited by people in the voice acting industry who saw a performance by the Onigiri Skippers, a theater troupe he founded with his seniors from the lab party he attended in elementary school. During his first dubbing session, he made sounds out of flipping pages on the script because he had no experience as a voice actor at that time. The script for the first episode had four pages of long dialogues from the first page, and the sound director said that he would never have let him do the role if he had known he would talk so much.He made his voice acting debut in 1996 as a Mini 4 Fighter in Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!!. The show was supposed to finish in a year, but due to its unexpected popularity, it became a long-running production, and he moved from the agency where he had worked as an actor to a voice acting agency. Since then, he has been active in a variety of fields including animation, games, radio personality, music, and stage. After working at Sigma Seven, Morikubo moved to VIMS, an office affiliated with Arts Vision. In 1998, he and voice actor Hideo Ishikawa started a music unit called "Anzu" (derived from the only fruit Morikubo could eat), and in 1999, they formed the band "AN's ALL STARS" with other band members. In August of the same year, he formed the band "Mosquito Milk". In 2001, Morikubo made his solo debut under the Capcom Suleputer label, and in 2008, he debuted again under the Lantis label.In 2010, he formed "Buzzy→Bee" as a solo project, and in January 2015, he became the second DJ of the long-running bayfm program "KEIYOGINKO POWER COUNTDOWN JAPAN HOT 30". In 2016, he received the Kei Tomiyama Memorial Award at the 10th Seiyu Awards. In 2020, he received the Personality Award at the 14th Seiyu Awards. On August 31, 2018, <mask> left VIMS. On September 1 of the same year, he established Add9th and assumed the position of its representative director. <mask> married fellow voice actress Yū Asakawa on February 22, 2007. In 2009, Asakawa wrote in a blog post that the two had amicably divorced, though exact dates of the divorce are undisclosed.On July 4, 2014, <mask> posted on his blog that he had gotten married that week. He also cited a desire to keep details of the marriage private, including the identity of his wife, due to her uninvolvement with the entertainment industry. On December 28, 2017, he announced on an episode of his radio show The BAY☆LINE that he had become a father to a daughter earlier in the year. He later reaffirmed the news via Twitter. He and Kentarō Itō call each other their best friend. Morikubo has been in charge of the stage music for the K-Show theater company, which Itō presides over, since its inception. Morikubo has been given the nicknames Morishow, Show-chan, and Chichikubo by his fans.Filmography

Anime television
1996
After War Gundam X – Willis Aramis
Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!! – Mini Yon Fighter
VS Knight Ramune & 40 Fire – Mito Natto

1998
Blue Submarine No. 6 (OVA) – Verg
Chosoku Spinner – Shunichi Domoto
Lodoss to Senki: Eiyū Kishi Den – Cecil
Sorcerous Stabber Orphen – Orphen

1999
Excel Saga – Norikuni Iwata
I'm Gonna Be An Angel – Raphael / Fuyuki Suzuhara
Sorcerous Stabber Orphen Revenge – Orphen

2000
Dotto Koni-Chan – High

2001
Captain Tsubasa – Shingo Aoi
Cyborg 009 (2001 series) – Cyborg 002 / Jet Link
Rave Master – Hamrio Musica
Kai Doh Maru (OVA) – Raiko Minamoto
Kikaider 01: The Animation (OVA) – Kikaider 01 / Ichiro
Prétear – Gō
The Prince of Tennis – Akaya Kirihara

2002
Cheeky Angel – Gakusan Takao
GetBackers – Ginji Amano
Naruto – Shikamaru Nara
Tokyo Underground – Kashin

2003
Ikki Tousen – Saji Genpō
The Boy with the Guitar: Kikaider vs Inazuman (OVA) – Kikaider 01 / Ichiro
Zatch Bell! – Haruhiko
Matantei Loki Ragnarok – Thor/Narugami
Papuwa – Sōji Okita, Tezuka, Umigishi

2004
Major – Honda/Shigeno Goro
Melody of Oblivion – Hol
Samurai Champloo – Hankichi
Samurai Gun – Ichimatsu

2005
Boku wa Imōto ni Koi o Suru (OVA) – Yori
Fuyu no Semi (OVA) – Seinoshin Aizawa
Ichigo 100% – Sawayaka (OVA Character episode 3)
2006
D.Gray-Man – Jasdero
Nerima Daikon Brothers – Ichirō
Yamato Nadeshiko Shichi Henge – Kyohei Takano

2007
Detective Conan – Kanji Kojima (Ep 476–477)
Hayate the Combat Butler – Fighter
Naruto: Shippuden – Shikamaru Nara
Saiunkoku Monogatari Second Series – Riku Seiga

2008
Amatsuki – Tsuyukusa

2009
11 Eyes – Takahisa Tajima
Asura Cryin' – Reishiro Saeki

2010
Bakuman – Makaino Koji, A.K.A. Koogy
Bleach – Tensa Zangetsu
Hakuōki series – Okita Souji

2011
Bakuman 2 – Makaino Koji
Cardfight!! Vanguard – Taishi Miwa
Hakuōki Sekkaroku (OVA) – Okita Souji
Nurarihyon no Mago – Akifusa Keikain
Persona 4: The Animation – Yosuke Hanamura

2012
Area no Kishi – Goto Goro
Daily Lives of High School Boys – Takahiro Matsumoto
Magi: The Labyrinth of Magic – Sharrkan
The New Prince of Tennis – Akaya Kirihara

2013
Magi: The Kingdom of Magic – Sharrkan
Meganebu! – Shinji Hachimine
Pretty Rhythm: Rainbow Live – DJ.Coo/Rei Kurokawa
Samurai Flamenco – Souichi Aoshima
Uta no Prince-sama Maji Love 2000% – Reiji Kotobuki
Yowamushi Pedal – Yūsuke Makishima

2014
Bakumatsu Rock – Kogorō Katsura
Daitoshokan no Hitsujikai – Ikkei Takamine
Jinsei – Asano
Love Stage – Kojirō Ryūzaki
Persona 4: The Golden Animation – Yosuke Hanamura
Momo Kyun Sword – Sarugami
One Piece – Bartolomeo
Yowamushi Pedal: Grande Road – Yūsuke Makishima

2015
Classroom Crisis – Kaito Sera
Cute High Earth Defense Club LOVE! : Rendai Utena – Shakanyorai
Demon Lord, Retry! — Zero Kirisame
Ensemble Stars! — Makoto Yūki
Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba — Spider Demon (older brother)
Dr. Stone — Shamil Volkov
Black Clover — Zagred (Kotodama Magic Devil)

2020
Sorcerous Stabber Orphen – Orphen

2021
I-Chu: Halfway Through the Idol – Kururugi Satsuki
WAVE!! Surfing Yappe!! - Sōichirō William Mori
Sorcerous Stabber Orphen: Battle of Kimluck – Orphen
Tokyo Revengers – Tetta Kisaki
World Trigger Season 3 – Kazuma Satomi

2022
In the Land of Leadale - Luvrogue

Anime films
Spriggan (1998) – Yu Ominae
Pokémon the First Movie (1998) – Young Mewtwo
Final Fantasy VII Advent Children (2005) – Kadaj
Fairy Tail the Movie: The Phoenix Priestess (2012) – Dyst
Hakuōki Dai-isshō Kyoto Ranbu (2013) – Okita Souji
Hakuōki Dai-nishō Shikon Sōkyū (2014) – Okita Souji
The Last: Naruto the Movie (2014) – Shikamaru Nara
Boruto: Naruto the Movie (2015) – Shikamaru Nara
Mazinger Z: Infinity (2018) – Koji Kabuto
WAVE!! Surfing Yappe!!(2020) – Sōichirō William Mori
Ensemble Stars!! Road to Show!! – Makoto Yuuki
JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven – Akira Otoishi
Mighty No. "The Answer" and "Moon Light" were the album's promotional tracks, being used in the video game series Rockman X as the opening themes to Rockman X6. "The Answer" appeared as the album's only single, paired with the B-side "Happy Monday Man". The concert for this album – later released on DVD and included the promotional video for "The Answer" – is entitled "Showtaro Morikubo Live House Tour '01 ~Okubyō Mono no G Kōi~" (臆病者のG行為 lit. "G Conduct of a Coward").Build Up!!! [鍛]
 Power
 G Kōi (G行為 lit. "G Conduct")
 Karada Kensa (身体検査 lit. "Physical Examination")
 Rainy Day
 The Answer
 Hedgehog Peter
 Okubyō Mono (臆病者 lit. "Coward")
 Moon Light
 End of the Sky

kyo (叫〜kyo〜 lit. "exclaim")

 叫〜kyo〜
 Key
 dizzy candy
 DoPaMiNe
 My Destination
 Crazy night
 Never surrender
 Home sweet home
 Parallel World
 Catharsis-Dinner
 Whenever I go
 UNDER CONSTRUCTION
 Ride Free
 never ends...

rin (凛〜rin〜 lit. "frigid)

 Introduction Rin
 Let's get started
 Cloudy sky
 D.I.G.MIRROR
 〜interlude〜 「Detox」
 Fatboy
 nothing to lose
 gravIty
 Stand down
 Water in the tub
 Mr.CLOWN

Solo singles
The Answer
being the TRY
Lazy Mind
Ride Free
Parallel World
Stand down
Mr.CLOWN
CHAIN REACTION
TRIBALISM ～sunrise side～
TRIBALISM ～sunset side～
Focus
PHANTOM PAIN
TRUTH

Other discography

Albums
Hard Spirit is an album released from one of Morikubo's most popular voice actor units, Heart-beat, in which he paired up with fellow voice actor Hiroki Takahashi. The album spawned two singles, "Shootin' Stars" and "Continued". This album was also featured in a three part live action series, "Cross Chord", a drama starring both voice actors as the lead characters. In addition to the main album, both Morikubo and Takahashi released separate albums (titled Show and Hero for each artist, respectively) containing solo versions of the Hard Spirit songs, along with two exclusively solo tracks, each (both of which are also included on "Hard Spirit"). Morikubo sings alone in "Hurry Up Drive" and "Change or Never change", and Takahashi's solos are "Thanks for..." and "Believe me". Cross Chord
 Shootin' Stars (Movie Version)
 Continued (Movie Version)
 Hurry Up Drive
 Change or Never Change
 Thanks for... Believe Me
 Shootin' Stars (Single Version)
 Continued (Single Version)

Singles
CONTINUED
Shootin' stars

Notable songs
"Moon Light", used in Rockman X6 as the main opening theme."The Answer", used as a second opening theme for the aforementioned game. "Lazy Mind", used as the ending theme for Rockman X7. It is still heard in the English release of the game, but is instrumental only. "Begin the Try" (begin the TRY), used as the second ending theme to the anime Rockman.EXE. DVD
Showtaro Morikubo Okubyō Mono no G Kōi Live House Tour '01
Cross Chord (Volumes 1–3)

Awards

References

External links

<mask> <mask> at GamePlaza-Haruka Voice Acting Database
<mask> <mask> at Hitoshi Doi's Seiyuu Database

1974 births
Living people
I'm Enterprise voice actors
Japanese male pop singers
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
Male voice actors from Tokyo Metropolis
Musicians from Hachiōji, Tokyo
Singers from Tokyo
Tama Art University alumni
Voice actors from Hachiōji, Tokyo
20th-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese male actors
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese male singers

masks: Morikubo Morikubo Morikubo Showtaro Morikubo Showtaro Morikubo


texts:
<mask> (born October 2, 1958) is a Brazilian physician, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and writer. He developed the Multifocal Theory, about the functioning of the mind and the construction process of thought. His books have sold over 30 million copies in his country and is Brazil's most read author. He is a researcher in the field of quality of life and development of intelligence, addressing the nature, construction and dynamics of emotion and thoughts. He develops researches in Spain in Educational Sciences in the area of quality of life. Published in more than 40 countries, <mask> lectured at the BYU University's 13th International Conference on Intolerance and Discrimination, in the US. He's doctor honoris causa by UNIFIL (Centro Universitário Filadélfia in Londrina), and member of honor of the Academy of Gifted People of the Intelligence Institute, in the city of Porto, Portugal.In March 2008, was created the <mask> <mask>'s Study Centre (Centro de Estudos Augusto Cury, in Portuguese), in Portugal, integrated in the Intelligence Institute from that country. Biography
He was born in Colina, São Paulo, on October 2, 1958. He graduated in medicine from the Faculty of São José do Rio Preto and devoted himself to research the dynamics of emotion. His books in the field of psychology have sold more than 25 million copies in Brazil alone, having been published in more than 70 countries. <mask> was considered the most read Brazilian author of the decade by the Folha de S. Paulo newspaper. Theory of Multifocal Intelligence
As a researcher in the area of quality of life and development of intelligence, Cury developed researches unrelated to universities focused on the theory of Multifocal Intelligence. The theory aims to explain the functioning of the human mind and the ways to exercise more dominion over our life through intelligence and thought.1
O Mestre da Sensibilidade (The Master of Sensibility) vol. 2
O Mestre da Vida (The Master of Life) vol. 3
O Mestre do Amor  (The Master of Love) vol. 4
O Mestre Inesquecível (The Unforgettable Master) vol. Guia De Estudo (The Intelligence Code. Study Guide) - January 2009
 Mentes Brilhantes, Mentes Treinadas (Brilliant Minds, Trained Minds) - July 2010
 A fascinante construção do Eu (The Fascinating Construction of The Myself) - November 2010
 O Código da Inteligência E A Excelência Emocional (The Intelligence Code And The Emotional Excellence) - January 2011
 Mulheres Inteligentes, Relações Saudáveis (Intelligent Women, Healthfull Relations) - 2011
 O Colecionador de Lágrimas - Holocausto Nunca Mais (The Tears Colector: Holocaust No More) - 2012
 Manual para jovens estressados, mas muito inteligentes! (Manual to Stressed Young People, But Very Clever!)

masks:
Augusto Cury
Cury
Augusto
Cury
Cury


texts:
<mask> (9 August 1944 – 1 August 1980) was a racing driver from France. He participated in 95 World Championship Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on 2 July 1972. He also participated in several non-championship Formula One races. <mask> was born in Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme. As a child, he was inspired by Jean Behra. In Formula One, he joined a Tyrrell team that was beginning a long, slow decline, eventually moving to the erratic Ligier team before finally ending up with the revived Alfa Romeo squad in 1980. Depailler was helping to advance this team up the grid when he was killed in a crash at Hockenheim on 1 August 1980, during a private testing session.He won two races, secured one pole position, achieved 19 podiums, and scored a total of 141 championship points. Sports cars and Formula Two
Depailler finished 0.9 seconds behind Peter Gethin in the 1972 Formula Two Pau Grand Prix. He battled Gethin closely
in a March 722 over the 70-lap course which curved through the French city. Both drivers lapped the field twice. Depailler came in 3rd in an April 1973 Formula Two race at the Nürburgring. He was driving a Ford Alpine. In May 1974 Depailler qualified his March in 1st position in qualifying for the Formula Two Pau Grand Prix.In June he crashed his March 742 through a guard rail during time trials for a Formula Two race in Salzburgring. Depailler was uninjured but qualifying was stopped so that workmen could replace a section of railing which was torn off in the accident. In April 1976 the Renault sports car team suspended Depailler for three races after he was involved in a crash which knocked out both his car and the Renault of teammate Jean-Pierre Jabouille. The incident occurred on the second turn, slightly more than a mile after the beginning of a  race at the Nürburgring. Depailler lost control and crashed, after which Jabouille also crashed while attempting to avoid his teammate. The drivers had been instructed not to contest the lead with each other. Depailler placed 2nd in the 1976 Swedish Formula One Grand Prix.He was 19 seconds behind winner Jody Scheckter. Depailler drove in the
International Race of Champions event at Riverside International Raceway in September 1978. He was behind the wheel of the Paul Newman entered Spyder-Chevy in the October 1978 California Grand Prix. Formula One

Tyrrell (1972–1978)
Tyrrell had given Depailler drives at France and Watkins Glen in 1972. Using one of the older cars, Depailler had finished in seventh place in the latter race. So in December 1973 Depailler was chosen with Scheckter to drive for Tyrrell, to replace the deceased François Cevert and retired Jackie Stewart. Depailler captured the pole for the 1974 Swedish Grand Prix, his 9th race as a Formula One driver.He negotiated the  Anderstorp course in a time of 1 minute, 24.758 seconds, for an average speed of 105.8 miles per hour. Depailler would finish 2nd in the race behind teammate Jody Scheckter; this proved his only podium of the year. In January 1975 Depailler was given 25–1 odds of becoming the 1975 Formula One World Champion. He finished 5th in the 1975 Argentine Grand Prix in Buenos Aires. He took 3rd at Kyalami in the 1975 South African Grand Prix. Depailler stayed behind 2nd-place finisher, Carlos Reutemann, throughout the 78 laps of the event. On the first day of qualifying for the 1975 United States Grand Prix, Depailler crashed his Tyrrell into a catch fence at Watkins Glen.He was not injured. <mask> came in 2nd in the 1976 Brazilian Grand Prix at Interlagos. He ended up 2nd to Clay Regazzoni on the 2nd day of qualifying, with a speed of . Depailler gained a 3rd-place finish but drew the ire of rival James Hunt, who went out on the 4th lap. Hunt claimed that Depailler forced him off the track and shook his fist at him after his exit from the race. <mask>, who wrestled with brake trouble, claimed that he did not see the English driver in his mirrors. Depailler placed his six-wheeled Tyrrell in 3rd position for the start of the 1976 Monaco Grand Prix.The Tyrrells of Scheckter and Depailler were the only cars able to stay on the same lap with Lauda's Ferrari, who won from pole position. <mask> was 2nd to Hunt in the 1976 French Grand Prix at Le Castellet. Hunt held off a determined Depailler at Mosport Park in the 1976 Canadian Grand Prix. Both drivers were ill at the conclusion of the event, with Depailler having inhaled fumes over the last third of the race. He lost consciousness after pulling his car off at the first corner following the finish. He regained consciousness momentarily. Depailler finished 2nd ahead of Hunt (who nevertheless secured the 1976 Drivers' Championship by finishing third) at the 1976 Japanese Grand Prix, despite encountering tyre problems as the Fuji Speedway track dried from heavy rains.He skidded off the Interlagos track at Sao Paulo during the 1977 Brazilian Grand Prix. He was hospitalized with a leg injury. Depailler qualified in the 6th row, 12th position, for the 1977 United States Grand Prix West. In December 1977 <mask> was promoted to the number one driver for Tyrrell, when Ronnie Peterson left to drive for
Lotus. At the same time Tyrrell revealed that it was quitting its experiment with six-wheeled Formula One cars. <mask> was 3rd in the 1978 Argentine Grand Prix in an Elf-Tyrrell. Peterson passed Depailler on the last turn of the last lap at Kyalami, to claim the 1978 South African Grand Prix.Depailler's car was running short of fuel, allowing Peterson to erase a 9-second gap to win. Depailler climbed from 12th starting place to end in 3rd position in the 1978 United States Grand Prix West. Depailler gained his first Formula One triumph by winning the 1978 Monaco Grand Prix. Piloting a Tyrrell-Ford 008, Depailler secured the 36th annual event. It was his first victory in 69 championship races, although he had been 2nd eight times. Ligier (1979)

Depailler switched to the Ligier team for 1979. The team began to field cars with V-8 Ford Cosworth engines, rather than the French-built Matra V-12 engines of 1978.<mask> led the first 10 laps before his engine experienced problems in the 1979 Argentine Grand Prix. He was forced to make a pit stop but managed a 4th-place finish. <mask> came in 2nd to his victorious teammate, Jacques Laffite, in the 1979 Brazilian Grand Prix. Laffite was more than 5 seconds ahead at the end of the race. Depailler made contact with the fence at "Barbecue Bend" in the 1979 South African Grand Prix. Ligier team manager, Gerard Ducarouge, said that the Ligier JS-11 had been in the planning stages for some time. The JS-9 had been tested as a "wing car" following the 1978 United States Grand Prix West, but the wind tunnel tests proved unsatisfactory.The JS-11 was built and tested in December 1978, with positive results. The V-8 engine was lighter and the Cosworth exhaust system was modified so that it sounded much the same as the old Matra engine's distinctive whine. The new body features of the JS-11 were revealed at the 1979 United States Grand Prix West. Depailler posted a flag-to-flag win at Jarama in the 1979 Spanish Grand Prix. The win enabled him to tie Gilles Villeneuve in the standings for the Formula One world championship at the end of April, with 20 points each. Depailler posted a third position in qualifying for the 1979 Monaco Grand Prix on a staggered grid. Depailler was replaced in June 1979 by Ligier, after breaking both legs in a hang gliding incident on 3 June near his hometown of Clermont-Ferrand.His heel was also critically injured. The race team was receiving financial support from the French government, which specified that his replacement also be French; his replacement was the French-speaking Belgian veteran Jacky Ickx. He had been healing well when he fell out of his hospital bed in early August, rebreaking one of the fractures. On 29 August, Depailler said that he was "resigned not to race again until next year", although he expected to leave his Paris hospital by the end of the week. He had undergone a number of operations on his legs, but had hopes to attend both autumn North American rounds, at Montreal and the Watkins Glen, as a spectator. Alfa Romeo (1980)

In 1980, Depailler joined the newly formed Alfa Romeo team, that was on a comeback trail: Depailler had worked his way back from his hang-gliding accident the previous year, and had equipped his car with special brakes designed to toughen his leg muscles, he was still driving in pain by the time of his fatal accident and the car was fast (he qualified 3rd for the 1980 United States Grand Prix West) but not reliable enough to finish. Death

Depailler suffered a fatal accident in testing at Hockenheim ten days prior to the 1980 German Grand Prix when a suspension failure pitched his car into the Armco at the high-speed Ostkurve, inflicting fatal head injuries when the vehicle overturned and vaulted the barrier.The Alfa Romeo skidded along the top of the guard rail for several hundred feet prior to flipping onto its top. Legacy
A radio-controlled car racing circuit is named in honour of Depailler at his home town. The Mini Circuit <mask>r is one of the oldest tracks in France and was used to host an International Federation of Model Auto Racing (IFMAR) meeting in 1999. As a result of his fatal accident, a new chicane was built into the Ostkurve at the Hockenheim circuit in order to slow the cars down - previously it had been a flat out curving right hander. The new Ostkurve Schikane was first used during the 1982 German Grand Prix. Depailler was portrayed by Xavier Laurent in the 2013 film Rush, directed by Ron Howard. Racing record

Career summary

 Graded drivers not eligible for European Formula Two Championship points

24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete European Formula Two Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

 Graded drivers not eligible for European Formula Two Championship points

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; results in italics indicate fastest lap)

References

French racing drivers
French Formula One drivers
Tyrrell Formula One drivers
Ligier Formula One drivers
Alfa Romeo Formula One drivers
Formula One race winners
European Formula Two Championship drivers
French Formula Three Championship drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
12 Hours of Reims drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
International Race of Champions drivers
Atlantic Championship drivers
French motorcycle racers
Racing drivers killed while racing
Sport deaths in Germany
Sportspeople from Clermont-Ferrand
1944 births
1980 deaths

masks:
Patrick André Eugène Joseph Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Depailler
Patrick Depaille


texts:
<mask> (born July 5, 1977) is an American cellist and songwriter. He is best known as "The Cello Guy" of the classical new-age musical group The Piano Guys, with whom he has released eight number-one albums and dozens of music videos. He also has three solo albums to his credit. He is considered a pioneer in "cello-percussion", which enhances traditional cello playing with pizzicato and percussive techniques. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Salt Lake City, Utah, the son of John C<mask> and Lynne Sanders. His mother was a former professional opera singer, and she died from a brain tumor on May 21, 1999,  and his younger sister, <mask>, is a folk musician. When he was seven, <mask>'s father decided that each of his children would learn to play an instrument invented before 1800.<mask> tried the violin but discovered a passion for the cello. He studied cello with teacher Kate Reeves and then with Ryan Selberg, the principal cellist for the Utah Symphony. Since his attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) inhibited his attention span for long practice sessions, he began practicing on other instruments as well, including drums, guitar, and piano. This led to his developing creative ways to play the cello: "strumming it, banging it and using pizzicato much more aggressively – using my thumb, fist, fingernail and palm". He also began playing with different types of musical groups, including bands, orchestras, and string quartets. <mask> earned his bachelor's degree in music from the University of Utah in 2002. In 2007 he earned a master's degree in public administration, as well as a graduate certificate in urban planning, from the same institution.Career
<mask> initially pursued a career as a real estate developer, becoming the owner of Thornton Walker Real Estate. In his spare time, he played cello to accompany local musicians both on stage and in the studio. By 2006, he had played on more than 100 locally produced music CDs. Among his musician partners were several pianists and a guitarist. In 2006 he described his music as "an escape, rather than a vocation", and didn't expect music to become his primary career. In 1999 <mask> signed with Stone Angel Music, an independent record label in Salt Lake City founded by Paul Cardall. His first solo album, Sacred Cello (2006), entered the Billboard charts top 20 classical recordings and garnered a Pearl Award for Best Instrumental Classical Album.His other two solo albums are Tender Mercies (2008) and Christmas Cello (2010). The Piano Guys

<mask> became a member of The Piano Guys in 2011. The group was the brainchild of Paul Anderson, owner of The Piano Guys piano store in St. George, Utah, who sought an innovative way to promote his store via social media. In 2009 Anderson saw a YouTube music video that local musician Jon Schmidt had uploaded "for fun", featuring Schmidt on piano and <mask> on cello and kick drum performing a mashup called "Love Story Meets Viva la Vida", which combined the Taylor Swift country pop "Love Story" with Coldplay's Baroque pop "Viva la Vida". The video garnered over one million hits. Anderson hired the duo to perform on videos that he would professionally film in unusual locations and upload to his store's YouTube channel. <mask> brought in his neighbor, Al van der Beek, a songwriter and music arranger who had a home recording studio, to the project.Tel Stewart assisted with video production. The Piano Guys gained their first widespread exposure with "Michael Meets Mozart" (2011), thanks to Schmidt's invitation to the nearly 30,000 people on his fan mailing list "to watch it and share it"; as a result, people began watching the videos beyond the region. The video featured <mask> playing 100 cello tracks to achieve the final effect. <mask>'s video performances of "Cello Wars" (2011) and "Beethoven's 5 Secrets" (2012) debuted at number one on the YouTube charts. The Piano Guys signed with Sony Masterworks in 2012. At that point they all quit their regular jobs to pursue their musical career. The group has released eight number-one albums.As of August 2018 they have surpassed 1.6 billion views on their YouTube channel and have 6.2 million subscribers. Musical style
<mask> performs a variety of musical styles, including classical, folk, new age, and inspirational. He is considered a pioneer in "cello-percussion", which enhances traditional cello playing with pizzicato and percussive techniques. He owns 29 cellos, which he says produce different sounds and have different "personalities". He also plays kick drum. He credits his influences as Yo-Yo Ma, Bobby McFerrin, and Victor Borge. Personal life
<mask> is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.As part of his faith, <mask> served a mission to South Korea. He considers his art and his touring as a means to spread the gospel; he says that he also gives away a copy of the Book of Mormon to someone on nearly every tour. He and the other members of The Piano Guys, all members of the Church of Jesus Christ, pray together before each concert, recording session, and video shoot. <mask> and his wife, Julie, have four children and reside in Salt Lake City. In 2017, he performed a duet together with his daughter Lucy, who sang, in the One Voice Children's Choir's music video of "Only Hope". In 2018 he performed with his wife, who played violin, in a cover of "Rewrite the Stars". Discography

Solo albums
Sacred Cello (2006)
Tender Mercies (2008)
Christmas Cello (2010)

The Piano Guys
Hits Volume 1 (2011)
The Piano Guys (2012)
The Piano Guys 2 (2013)
A Family Christmas (2013)
Wonders (2014)
Live!: Carnegie Hall Audio + Red Rocks Concert Video (2015)
Uncharted (2016)
Christmas Together (2017)
Limitless (2018)

References

External links

 "Beethoven's 5 Secrets – One Republic – The Piano Guys” (2012 music video)
 "The Cello Song – (Bach is back with 7 more cellos) – The Piano Guys" (2011 music video)
"Michael Meets Mozart – 1 Piano, 2 Guys, 100 Cello Tracks – The Piano Guys" (2011 music video)
"Cello Wars (Star Wars Parody) Lightsaber Duel – The Piano Guys" (2011 music video)

1977 births
Living people
American cellists
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Musicians from Salt Lake City
University of Utah alumni
American Mormon missionaries in South Korea

masks:
Steven Sharp Nelson
Steven Sharp Nelson
. Nelson
Camille Nelson
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