texts:
<mask>, 1st Baron Aberdare,  (16 April 1815 – 25 February 1895), was a British Liberal Party politician, who served in government most notably as Home Secretary (1868–1873) and as Lord President of the Council. Background and education
<mask> was born at Duffryn, Aberdare, Glamorganshire, the son of John Bruce, a Glamorganshire landowner, and his first wife Sarah, daughter of Reverend Hugh Williams Austin. John Bruce's original family name was Knight, but on coming of age in 1805 he assumed the name of Bruce: his mother, through whom he inherited the Duffryn estate, was the daughter of William Bruce, high sheriff of Glamorganshire. <mask> was educated from the age of twelve at the Bishop Gore School, Swansea (Swansea Grammar School). In 1837 he was called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn. Shortly after he had begun to practice, the discovery of coal beneath the Duffryn and other Aberdare Valley estates brought his family great wealth. From 1847 to 1854 Bruce was stipendiary magistrate for Merthyr Tydfil and Aberdare, resigning the position in the latter year, after entering parliament as Liberal member for Merthyr Tydfil.Industrialist and politician, 1852–1868

Bruce was returned unopposed as MP for Merthyr Tydfil in December 1852, following the death of Sir John Guest. He did so with the enthusiastic support of the late member's political allies, notably the iron masters of Dowlais, and he was thereafter regarded by his political opponents, most notably in the Aberdare Valley, as their nominee. Even so, Bruce's parliamentary record demonstrated support for liberal policies, with the exception of the ballot. The electorate in the constituency at this time remained relatively small, excluding the vast majority of the working classes. Significantly, however, Bruce's relationship with the miners of the Aberdare Valley, in particular, deteriorated as a result of the Aberdare Strike of 1857–58. In a speech to a large audience of miners at the Aberdare Market Hall, Bruce sought to strike a conciliatory tone in persuading the miners to return to work. In a second speech, however, he delivered a broadside against the trade union movement generally, referring to the violence engendered elsewhere as a result of strikes and to alleged examples of intimidation and violence in the immediate locality.The strike damaged his reputation and may well have contributed to his eventual election defeat ten years later. In 1855, Bruce was appointed a trustee of the Dowlais Iron Company and played a role in the further development of the iron industry. In November 1862, after nearly ten years in Parliament, he became Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department, and held that office until April 1864. He became a Privy Councillor and a Charity Commissioner for England and Wales in 1864, when he was moved to be Vice-President of the Council of Education. 1868 general election
At the 1868 general election, Merthyr Tydfil became a two-member constituency with a much-increased electorate as a result of the Second Reform Act of 1867. Since the formation of the constituency, Merthyr Tydfil had dominated representation as the vast majority of the electorate lived in the town and its vicinity, whereas there was a much lower number of electors in the neighbouring Aberdare Valley. During the 1850s and 1860s, however, the population of Aberdare grew rapidly, and the franchise changes in 1867 gave the vote to large numbers of miners in that valley.Amongst these new electors, Bruce remained unpopular as a result of his actions during the 1857–58 dispute. Initially, it appeared that the Aberdare iron master, Richard Fothergill, would be elected to the second seat alongside Bruce. However, the appearance of a third Liberal candidate, <mask>, a nonconformist radical popular in both Merthyr and Aberdare, left Bruce on the defensive and he was ultimately defeated, finishing in third place behind both Richard and Fothergill. Later political career

After losing his seat, Bruce was elected for Renfrewshire on 25 January 1869, he was made Home Secretary by William Ewart Gladstone. His tenure of this office was conspicuous for a reform of the licensing laws, and he was responsible for the Licensing Act 1872, which made the magistrates the licensing authority, increased the penalties for misconduct in public-houses and shortened the number of hours for the sale of drink. In 1873 Bruce relinquished the home secretaryship, at Gladstone's request, to become Lord President of the Council, and was elevated to the peerage as Baron Aberdare, of Duffryn in the County of Glamorgan, on 23 August that year. Being a Gladstonian Liberal, Aberdare had hoped for a much more radical proposal to keep existing licensee holders for a further ten years, and to prevent any new applicants.Its unpopularity pricked his nonconformist's conscience, when like Gladstone himself he had a strong leaning towards Temperance. He had already pursued 'moral improvement' on miners in the regulations attempting to further ban boys from the pits. The Trades Union Act 1871 was another more liberal regime giving further rights to unions, and protection from malicious prosecutions. The defeat of the Liberal government in the following year terminated Lord Aberdare's official political life, and he subsequently devoted himself to social, educational and economic questions. Education became one of Lord Aberdare's main interests in later life. His interest had been shown by the speech on Welsh education which he had made on 5 May 1862. In 1880, he was appointed to chair the Departmental Committee on Intermediate and Higher Education in Wales and Monmouthshire, whose report ultimately led to the Welsh Intermediate Education Act of 1889.The report also stimulated the campaign for the provision of university education in Wales. In 1883, Lord Aberdare was elected the first president of the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire. In his inaugural address he declared that the framework of Welsh education would not be complete until there was a University of Wales. The University was eventually founded in 1893 and Aberdare became its first chancellor. In 1876 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society; from 1878 to 1891 he was president of the Royal Historical Society. and in 1881 he became president of both the Royal Geographical Society and the Girls' Day School Trust. In 1888 he headed the commission that established the Official Table of Drops, listing how far a person of a particular weight should be dropped when hanged for a capital offence (the only method of 'judicial execution' in the United Kingdom at that time), to ensure an instant and painless death, by cleanly breaking the neck between the 2nd and 3rd vertebrae, an 'exacting science', eventually brought to perfection by Chief Executioner Albert Pierrepoint.Prisoners health, clothing and discipline was a particular concern even at the end of his career. In the Lords he spoke at some length to the Home Affairs Committee chaired by Arthur Balfour about the prison rules system. Aberdare had always expressed concern about intemperate working-classes; in 1878 urging greater vigilance against the vice of excessive drinking, he took evidence on miners and railway colliers drinking habits. The committee tried to establish special legislation based on a link between Sunday Opening and absenteeism established in 1868. Aberdare had been interested in the plight of working class drinkers since Gladstone had appointed him Home Secretary. The defeat of the Licensing Bill by the Tory 'beerage' and publicans was drafted to limit hours and protect the public, but it persuaded a convinced Anglican forever more of the iniquities. In 1882 he began a connection with West Africa which lasted the rest of his life, by accepting the chairmanship of the National African Company, formed by Sir George Goldie, which in 1886 received a charter under the title of the Royal Niger Company and in 1899 was taken over by the British government, its territories being constituted the protectorate of Nigeria.West African affairs, however, by no means exhausted Lord Aberdare's energies, and it was principally through his efforts that a charter was in 1894 obtained for the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire,a constituent institution of the University of Wales. This is now Cardiff University. Lord Aberdare, who in 1885 was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, presided over several Royal Commissions at different times. Family

<mask> married firstly Annabella, daughter of Richard Beadon, of Clifton by Annabella A'Court, sister of 1st Baron Heytesbury, on 6 January 1846. They had one son and three daughters. <mask> Bruce, 2nd Baron
 Margaret Cecilia married on 16 September 1889, Douglas Close Richmond, CB, MA, son of Rev. <mask> Richmond MA, rector of Wyck Rissington, Glos.Rachel Mary married 10 September 1872, Augustus George Vernon-Harcourt of St Clare, Ryde, Isle of Wight, son of Admiral Frederick Edward Vernon-Harcourt. Jessie Frances, married 3 September 1878, Rev John William Wynne-Jones, MA, rector of Llantrisant, Anglesey. son of John Wynne-Jones JP, DL, of Treiorworth, Bodedern, Holyhead, Anglesey. After her death on 28 July 1852 he married secondly on 17 August 1854 Norah Creina Blanche, youngest daughter of Lt-Gen Sir William Napier, KCB the historian of the Peninsular War, whose biography he edited, by Caroline Amelia, second daughter of Gen. Hon <mask> Fox, son of the Earl of Ilchester. They had seven daughters and two sons, of whom:
 the youngest was the mountaineer Charles Granville Bruce. Alice Bruce took on her mother's ideas and took a leading role in women's education. Sarah married Montague Muir Mackenzie, barrister.Elizabeth Fox Bruce (1861–1935) married the author Percy Ewing Matheson. Lord Aberdare died at his London home, 39 Princes Gardens, South Kensington, on 25 February 1895, aged 79, and was succeeded in the barony by his only son by his first marriage, <mask>. He was survived by his wife, Lady Aberdare, born 1827, who died on 27 April 1897. She was a proponent of women's education and active in the establishment of Aberdare Hall in Cardiff. Memorial
<mask> Bruce is buried at Aberffrwd Cemetery in Mountain Ash, Wales. His large family plot is surrounded by a chain, and his gravestone is a simple Celtic cross with double plinth and kerb. In place is written "To God the Judge of all and to the spirits of just men more perfect."References

Bibliography

External links

Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
Bruce, <mask>
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Fellows of the Royal Society
Deputy Lieutenants of Glamorgan
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron (1881–1895)
Aberdare, <mask> Bruce, 1st Baron
People educated at Bishop Gore School
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen <mask> 1

masks:
Henry Austin Bruce
Henry Bruce
Henry
Henry Richard
Henry Bruce
Henry Campbell
Henry Sylvester
Henry Edward
Henry
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Henry Austin
Victoria Henry


type: original

texts:
<mask> (May 16, 1880 in Hamilton, Ontario - 1969 in Victoria) was one of British Columbia's most famous surveyors. He came to British Columbia during the era of the Klondike Gold Rush and became a surveyor's assistant. Then, from 1908, he was a professional surveyor and surveyed many regions of British Columbia. He kept a journal of his work and collected over 5000 unique pictures of the era, which were donated to BC Archives for the benefit of future researchers. The photographs span a period of more than 40 years and cover many areas of the province. Their subjects include stagecoaches, sternwheelers, old forts and remote villages, mountains and rivers, pioneer settlers, miners and First Nations people. <mask>'s pictures are a priceless contribution to the history of British Columbia.Early years
<mask> graduated from high school in Toronto and then attended a two-year program in mining engineering at the University of Toronto from 1897-1899. In the summer of 1898, he worked for a surveying firm in New Denver, British Columbia. After he graduated, he intended to travel to the Yukon to participate in the Klondike Gold Rush, but instead obtained work with the Victoria surveyors, Gore and McGregor, receiving his Provincial Land Surveying licence and Dominion Land Surveying licence in 1903 and 1904 respectively. In 1908, <mask> left the firm and struck out on his own and soon gained a reputation for being among the best in the business. 1908-1914

The construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway caused a great deal of interest in Central and Northern British Columbia, and settlers were arriving looking for agricultural land, which needed to be surveyed before it could be sold or pre-empted. The equipment the surveyors used would be considered simple by today's standards, but it was remarkably accurate: a transit and a 66-foot length of chain (80 lengths to a mile). The pioneer surveyors did more than survey land, they also recorded the topography, soil conditions and potential uses of the land, information that was a necessity for the government and land-seekers alike.In 1908, <mask> received the government contract to survey the Nechako Valley. <mask> and his crew worked in the summers and he kept his winter home in Victoria. When spring came, they would travel from Vancouver on the Canadian Pacific Railway to Ashcroft and take a stagecoach to Soda Creek where the sternwheeler Charlotte would take them to Quesnel. From Quesnel it was a ten-day hike along the Yukon Telegraph Trail to the Nechako Valley. Surveying British Columbia into the familiar 640 acre sections that are created by north to south range lines and east to west township lines was much more difficult than it was in many other areas of Western Canada. Survey lines had to be cut through dense wilderness, across swamps, lakes, rivers and over mountainous areas. Aside from surveying, <mask> also had to worry about keeping food supplies on hand for his crew, a problem which was quite often nearly insurmountable as there were few farms in the region and goods often took three weeks or longer to arrive from Hudson's Bay Company stores on pack trains or by canoe.During that first summer, <mask> and his crew surveyed the area around Fort Fraser, Fraser Lake and  Stoney Creek. In 1909, <mask> and his crew began the season by surveying lots in the Lillooet and Pemberton areas and several locations around Anderson and Seton Lakes. By July, they were finished and returned to Quesnel, transferring from the Charlotte to the new sternwheeler, Nechacco which was able to take the crew up the Fraser to Fort George and onto the Nechako River all the way to Fraser Lake. In August, <mask> traveled to Fort St. James and inspected the surrounding area, including Stuart Lake and Takla Lake. From there, <mask> traveled to Moricetown, Hazelton and Prince Rupert, taking many pictures of the pioneer communities and First Nations villages along the way before returning to his home in Victoria that November. In 1910, <mask> spent January and February working close to his home in Victoria, working on Saltspring Island. In March, he went to the Gordon River from Port Renfrew and in mid March continued on to more surveying at Atla Lake in the Whistler region.By early April <mask> had moved on to the Lillooet River. By July, he and his crew had returned to the Nechako Valley and surveyed the areas around Fraser Lake and the Nechako River and the Endako Valley. That year, <mask> left Endako in December, taking a 400-mile sleigh ride to Ashcroft to meet the CPR. He arrived home on New Year's Eve. In 1911, he completed some small government surveys around Victoria, as well as some surveying work for private interests. By March, he was back in the Lillooet region and returned to the Nechako Valley in mid May. Travel had already become more convenient in the years since they had begun work in the region and <mask> and his party took a BC Express Company stagecoach from Ashcroft to Soda Creek, where they boarded the BC Express Company's sternwheeler, BX.By the end of May, they arrived back in the Nechako region aboard the Fort Fraser and recommenced their surveying work in the area around Fort St. James. In 1912, <mask> won a large contract to survey the area around Nation Lake and throughout the surrounding Omineca Country. He and his crew would travel a total of 1,700 miles that season, most of it by raft, but some of them by a relative newcomer to the route into Northern British Columbia, the automobile. In 1913, the Surveyor General, impressed with <mask>'s progress in the Nechako and Omineca regions, sent him back to the area, with the intention of extending his surveys further north and east, further into the Omineca. <mask> resurveyed Mount Pope and Takla Lake and then surveyed the area around Fort Babine, Driftwood River and the Omineca River and the Finlay River. <mask> visited the Big Kettle Fumarole at the junction of Humar Creek and the Omineca River during his surveys and provided a description in his government report. <mask>'s party travelled on the North-West Mounted Police Trail that ran between Fort Grahame and Bear Lake.On November 1, they travelled to Burns Lake from Fort St. James, and <mask> observed and photographed the ongoing construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, before travelling on to Prince Rupert and returning to Victoria. In 1914, <mask> and his crew returned to the Omineca region and recommenced the survey work around the Finlay River. <mask> decided to take a new route home that fall and traveled up the Peace River to Hudson's Hope and Fort St. John, eventually arriving at Lesser Slave Lake where they took the steamer Northland Sun to Sawridge, Alberta and then they drove to the train which took them to Edmonton and then continued home by rail. The Great War
Late in 1914, <mask> enlisted to fight in World War I and in 1919, joined an anti-Bolshevik force in Siberia where he was wounded in the shoulder. Bedaux expedition

<mask> was sent by the Canadian government to map the route of the ill-conceived Bedaux expedition of 1934. The expedition was intended to run 2,400 kilometers from Edmonton, Alberta to Telegraph Creek, British Columbia and was led by American Charles Bedaux, who was acquainted with car manufacturer, Andre Citroen, who designed the Kégresse track equipped half-track trucks Bedaux used on his journey. Aside from Bedaux and <mask> were fellow mapmaker, Ernest Lemarque, three women: Bedaux's wife, an Italian countess, and a maid, several cameramen, a group of cowboys from Alberta, and the man who would direct the film High Noon, filmmaker, Floyd Crosby.Of the five Citroens, two slid off of cliffs, one was sent downriver and the last two were abandoned. The expedition continued on horseback, but in late September, with winter fast approaching and the horses beginning to die of disease and starvation, Bedaux called a halt to the trip just short of their destination. Later years
<mask> died in Victoria in 1969. Places named after Swannell
 Swannell Ranges
 Swannell River
 Mount Swannell

Further reading

Notes

External links

Canadian surveyors
1880 births
1969 deaths
Explorers of British Columbia
Artists from British Columbia
Canadian photographers

masks:
Frank Cyril Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell
Swannell


texts:
<mask> (15 March 1864 – 4 December 1935) was a Norwegian composer, conductor and violinist. Life
Born in Drammen, he was an accomplished violinist from a very early age and became a prominent figure in Norwegian musical life. He received his musical education in Kristiania (now Oslo) and Stockholm, and was a concertmaster in Bergen before joining the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra. He was a concertmaster in Aberdeen, then a professor of music in Helsinki, and finally became a student once again, in St Petersburg, Leipzig (with Adolph Brodsky), Berlin (with Adolf Becker), and Liège (with César Thomson). Returning to Norway in 1893, he worked as conductor of the theatre orchestra at Den Nationale Scene in Bergen and of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra. He became concertmaster of the Bergen Philharmonic in 1885, and principal conductor in 1893. In 1899 he was appointed conductor of the orchestra at the newly opened National Theatre in Kristiania, a position he held for 30 years until his retirement in 1929.As well as theatre music, <mask> conducted performances of over 30 operas and also wrote the incidental music for more than 30 plays. Following his retirement from the theatre he finally had time to concentrate on the composition of his three symphonies and two well-known Norwegian rhapsodies. <mask>'s compositions were a development of the national romantic tradition exemplified by Edvard Grieg though written in a distinctive style marked by innovative orchestration. <mask> married Grieg's niece, and orchestrated some of his piano works, such as a funeral march which was played at Grieg's funeral. Five days after <mask> died, Grieg's cousin and widow Nina Grieg also died. His best known works today are the Bojarenes inntogsmarsj (Entry March of the Boyars) and Bergensiana, along with his Passacaglia and Sarabande, duos for violin and viola based on themes by George Frideric Handel. In early 2016, librarians at the University of Toronto announced that they had located the manuscript score of his violin concerto, performed only three times in 1909 and considered lost.The piece received its fourth performance, 107 years later, in 2016. Selected compositions
Operetta
Mod Nordpolen, in 3 acts (1911); libretto by Vilhelm Dybwad

Incidental music
Gurre, Op. 17; music for the play by Holger Drachmann
Nordraakiana
Askeladden
Reisen til Julestjernen (Journey to the Christmas Star); music for the play by Sverre Brandt
Tordenskjold, Op. 18; music for the historical play by Jacob Breda Bull
Kongen (The King), Op. 19; music for the play by Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
Fossegrimen, Op. 21; music for the play by Sigurd Eldegard
Vasantasena; music for the old Indian play
The Merchant of Venice; music for the Shakespeare play
Much Ado about Nothing (1915); music for the Shakespeare play
Livet i skogen, Op. 33; music for William Shakespeare's As You Like It
Dronning Tamara (Queen Tamara); music for the play by Knut Hamsun
Macbeth (1920); music for the Shakespeare play

Orchestra
Bojarenes inntogsmarsj (Entry March of the Boyars) for orchestra (or concert band) (1895)
Festovertyre (Norwegian Festival Overture), Op.16 (1899)
Nächtlicher Zug from Miniatures for string orchestra, Op. 29 No. 2 (1910); arrangement by the composer
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson in Memoriam, Op. 30 (1910)
Norway's Greeting to Theodore Roosevelt, Op. 31 (1910)
Suite ancienne to the Memory of Ludvig Holberg, Op. 31 (1911)
Festmarsj (Festival March). Op.32
Scène funèbre
Sérénade, Op. 33 (1913)
Bergensiana, Rococo Variations on an Old Melody from Bergen "Jeg tog min nystemte Cithar i Hænde" (I Took Up My Newly Tuned Zither) (1913)
Norske rapsodie No. 1 (Norwegian Rhapsody No. 1) in A major (1919–1920)
     Springar
     I went so lately to my bed
     Halling - Springar
Norske rapsodie No. 2 (Norwegian Rhapsody No. 2) in G major (1919–1920)
     Dance tune from Åmot
     Han Ole
     Springar
Symphony No. 1 in C minor (1923)
Symphony No.2 "Fatum" in D minor (1924, revised 1928)
Symphony No. 3 in C major (1929)
Norske eventyrbylleder (Norwegian Fairy-tale Pictures), Op. 37 (1933); reworking of 1925 incidental music
     Peik, prinsessen og stortrollet (Peik, the Princess and the Big Troll)
     Prinsessen kommer ridende på bjørnen (The Princess Comes Riding on a Bear)
     Trollenes inntog i berget det blå (Entry of the Trolls into the Town Hall)
     Dans av småtroll (Dance of the Little Trolls)
Festovertyre (Norwegian Festival Overture), Op. 38
Elegi for string orchestra
Forspill til den hvite Ring
Rabnabryllaup uti Kraakjalund, Norwegian Folk-Song Arrangement for string orchestra

Concert band
Hallingdal Bataljon's Marsj (1882–1883)
Gatemarsj (Street March)
Norwegian Sea Picture
Salutation to the Royal Couple of Norway

Concertante
Air norvégien (Norwegian Air) for violin and orchestra, Op. 7 (1896/1903). Veslemøy's Song for violin and orchestra (1898); dedicated to Kathleen Parlow
Norwegian Song "The Old Fisherman's Song" for violin and string orchestra, Op. 31 (1901, 1913)
Andante Religioso for violin and orchestra (1903)
Concerto in G minor for violin and orchestra, Op.28 (1909); dedicated to Kathleen Parlow
Bryllupsmarsch, Norwegian Wedding March for violin and orchestra, Op. 32 No. 1
Danses norvégiennes No. 1 for violin and orchestra (1915)
Danses norvégiennes No. 2 for violin and orchestra (1915)

Chamber music
6 Stimmungsbilder (6 Mood Pieces) for violin and piano (1890)
Suite in G minor for violin and piano (1890)
Danses norvégiennes for violin and piano (1897)
Elegie (Andante) for violin and piano (1897)
Passacaglia in G minor on a Theme by George Frideric Handel (from Harpsichord Suite in G minor, HWV 432) for violin and viola (1897)
Sarabande con variazioni in D minor on a Theme by George Frideric Handel for violin and viola (1897)
Crépuscule for violin and piano (c. 1898)
Suite Mosaïque for violin and piano (1898)
     Intermezzo orientale
     Entr'acte
     Scherzino – "Spurven" (The Sparrow)
     Veslemøys sang (Veslemøy's Song)
     Fête nuptial rustique (An Old-fashioned Wedding)
String Quartet in E, Op. 10
Little Dance Suite for violin and piano, Op. 22
Slåtter, Peasant Dances for violin solo (1903)
Miniatures, 5 Easy Pieces for 2 violins and piano, Op.29 (1910)
To serenader (Two Serenades) for violin and piano
Norske viser og danse (Norwegian Folk Songs and Dances), 30 Folk Arrangements for violin and piano
Concert Caprice on Norwegian Melodies for 2 violins

Choral
Varde, Cantata for male chorus and orchestra, Op. 11 (1904); words by Per Sivle
Alrune for soprano solo, female chorus and chamber orchestra, Op. 20 No. 1
Kantate ved kroningen i Trondhjems Domkirke den 22 juni 1906 for soprano, baritone, mixed chorus, orchestra, harp and organ, Op. 27 (1906); words by Sigvald Skavlan
Bergensiana for mixed chorus

Media

References

External links
<mask> — Beyond the Transitory

1864 births
1935 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)
20th-century classical composers
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century Norwegian male musicians
Male conductors (music)
Musicians from Bergen
Norwegian classical composers
Norwegian conductors (music)
Norwegian male classical composers
Norwegian Romantic composers
Musicians from Drammen
Norwegian military musicians
20th-century Norwegian composers

masks:
Johan Halvorsen
Halvorsen
Halvorsen
Halvorsen
Halvorsen
Johan Halvorsen


texts:
<mask> of St. Victor (<mask>roy, Godefridus, Galfredus c. 1125 – c. 1195) was a French monk and theologian, and one of the last major figures of the Victorines. He was a supporter of the study of ancient philosophy and of the Victorine mysticism of Hugh of St. Victor and Richard of St. Victor. He is also known under the alternative bynames of Breteuil and of <mask>. He is the author of two important works, Microcosmus and Fons Philosophiae, both written in the 1170s. Microcosmus is extant in an autograph (BM ms. 1002, dated c. 1178–1180), including two self-portraits. Parts of <mask>'s work  are edited in Patrologia Latina, as Godefridus S. <mask>is (notitia et fragmenta, in vol. 196, as Gaufridus aput sanctam Barbaram in Neustria subprior canonicorum regularium (epistolae in vol.205). Life
He had initially studied and taught the trivium at the University of Paris between the years 1144 and 1155 at the school on the Petit Pont founded by Adam of Balsham. Like his friend Stephen of Tournai, to whom he dedicated Fons philosophiae, he may have studied law at Bologna. He was prior at Saint-Barbe-en-Auge, and later entered St. Victor's Abbey, Paris, an Augustinian establishment of canons regular. A product of the secular schools, <mask> is thought to have entered St Victor after becoming dissatisfied with Parisian intellectual culture. <mask> was assigned to a priory at some point after 1173 – it is thought that his humanistic outlook may have displeased Walter of St Victor who had succeeded Richard of St Victor as prior. He returned to the Abbey in 1185-6, and served there as armarius, in which capacity he was responsible for the production and preservation of the abbey’s manuscripts, particularly those used in the liturgy.He remained there until his own death around 1194/6. Works

The poem Fons Philosophiae (Fountain of Philosophy). Microcosmus ()
Preconium Augustini

Thirty-two sermons also survive. Most are unpublished, but the published sermons include:
Sermo in generali capitulo (Sermon at a General Chapter)
Sermo de omnibus sanctis (Sermon for All Saints)
Sermo de omnibus sanctis et specialiter de Sancto Victore (Sermon for All Saints and St Victor)
Anathomia Corporis Christi
De Spirituale corpore Christi

Microcosmus
The central theme of Microcosmus recalls the insight of classical philosophy and of the early Church Fathers, viz., that man is a microcosm, containing in himself the material and spiritual elements of reality. Microcosmus offers one of the first attempts by a medieval Scholastic philosopher to systematize history and knowledge into a comprehensive, rational structure. <mask> used the symbolism of a biblical framework to treat the physical, psychological, and ethical aspects of man. He affirmed man's matter-spirit unity and the basic goodness of his nature, tempering this optimism with the realization that human nature has been weakened ("fractured") by sin, but not to an intrinsically corrupted and irreparable extent.In the Microcosmus <mask> compared sensuality, imagination, reason and intelligence to the respective four classical elements, earth, water, air and fire. <mask> admits four principal capabilities in man: sensation, imagination, reason, and intelligence. Man's analytic reason and power of insight have the theoretical science of philosophy for their natural fulfillment. But a supernatural fulfillment, he maintains, consists in love. To this end divine intervention is needed to confer on man the perfective graces, or gifts, of enlightenment, affectivity, and perseverance. Fons philosophiae
In his other notable work, the Fons philosophiae (c. 1176; "The Fount of Philosophy"), <mask>, in rhymed verse, proposed a classification of learning and considered the controversy between realists and nominalists (who held that ideas were only names, not real things) over the problem of universal concepts. Fons philosophiae is an allegorical account of the sources of <mask>'s intellectual formation (e.g., Plato, Aristotle, and Boethius), symbolized as a flowing stream from which he drew water as a student.Another treatise, "Anatomy of the Body of Christ," appended to Fons Philosophiae, is a leading example of medieval Christian symbolism. A long poem ascribing to each member and organ of Christ's body some aspect of man's natural and supernatural purpose, it assembled texts from the early Church Fathers and helped form medieval devotion to the humanity of Christ. <mask>'s writings have won appreciation as a prime example of 12th-century humanism only through relatively recent scholarship, although their fundamental concepts of the positive values of man and nature were recognized to a limited extent by the high Scholasticism of the 13th century. The Fons Philosophiae was a didactic poem presented to Abbot Stephen of St. Genevieve on the occasion of his appointment to the position at some point following 1173. It was originally one of three treatises, forming a unified corpus when combined with the  Anathomia Corporis Christi  and the De Spirituale corpore Christi. All three were presented by <mask> to the Abbot as a matching set of spiritual works. The poem describes an exploration of the seven liberal arts as an allegorical journey through a system of rivers, in which draughts from different streams render different meanings.The Preconium Augustini is a poem on Augustine of Hippo of about 500 lines. Translations
Hugh Feiss, ed, On love: a selection of works of Hugh, Adam, Achard, Richard and <mask> of St Victor, (Turnhout: Brepols, 2011) [includes translation of parts 203-227 of <mask> of St Victor, Microcosm]
Franklin T Harkins and Frans van Liere, eds, Interpretation of scripture: theory. A selection of works of Hugh, Andrew, Richard and <mask> of St Victor, and of Robert of Melun, (Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2012) [includes translation of <mask> of St Victor, The fountain of philosophy, by Hugh Feiss]
 Synan, Edward A. <mask> of St. Victor: The Fountain of Philosophy. Pontifical Institute of Medaeval Studies, Toronto 1972. References

R. Berndt, 'Viktoriner' in: Lexikon des Mittelalters, VIII, 1997, 1668f. 1194 deaths
French philosophers
Augustinian canons
Year of birth uncertain
French male writers

masks:
Godfrey
Geoff
Saint Barbara
Godfrey
Victor
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey
Godfrey


texts:
<mask>'Doherty (; born 18 December 1975) is an Irish comedian, author, musician, actor and playwright and son of renowned jazz pianist Jim Doherty. His stand-up has won many international awards including the if.comedy award in 2008 and Best International Comedian at the 2014 Sydney Comedy Festival. He attended Trinity College Dublin, where his comedy career began. "I spent a lot of my time introducing things", he says, "concerts and bands, that sort of thing". "I remember my brother once bet me I couldn't get the word 'spaghetti' into an introduction for a piano recital in the Edmund Burke so I stood-up and said 'my brother has bet me I can't say the word spaghetti' and I got a laugh." O'Doherty has written several books, written two plays and released three comedy CDs. His latest book for children, Danger Is Everywhere, illustrated by Chris Judge has been selected for the UNESCO Dublin, City of Literature Citywide Reading Campaign.In 2015 it was published in 10 languages around the world. He regards himself as "a failed jazz musician, scrambling about for something else to do with his life". Style
O'Doherty combines his comedic performance with tunes played on his miniature electronic keyboard. He describes his style of comedy in his song "FAQ for the DOD" as "very low energy musical whimsy" – or "VLEMWy", for short. Comedic career
O'Doherty worked in a bicycle shop and in telemarketing and temping before he made his first stage appearance at Dublin's Comedy Cellar in 1998. His first full show was The Story of the Boy Who Saved Comedy which received a nomination for Perrier Best Newcomer when it was performed at Edinburgh Fringe. In 2006, he was nominated for an if.comedy award for his Edinburgh show, <mask>'Doherty Is My Name.O'Doherty has performed at festivals across the world in locations that include Adelaide, Melbourne, Montreal, New York City and Wellington NZ, Moscow and Iceland. As a support act he first toured Ireland with Tommy Tiernan, the United Kingdom with Rich Hall and the United States with Demetri Martin. he has since returned to those places with his own tours. He has often worked with Flight of the Conchords. in 2006 and 2008 he performed as part of the Honourable Men Of Art at the Edinburgh Fringe, along with Daniel Kitson, John Oliver, Andy Zaltzman and Alun Cochrane. In August 2008, O'Doherty won the If.comedy award at the Edinburgh Fringe for his show Let's Comedy, which featured "a relationship in text messages, tunes played on a 3ft electronic keyboard, and a badger attack". He was presented with the 2008 Intelligent Finance Comedy Award and a cheque for £8,000 (€10,000) by the previous winner Brendon Burns and the Australian author and television presenter Clive James.He has returned to the Edinburgh Fringe every year since with a new show, that he has toured around the world for much of the following year. His first CD Giggle Me Timbers (Jokes Ahoy) was recorded at his bedsit flat in front of 35 people. O'Doherty's second CD release called Let's <mask>'Doherty was recorded at Whelan's in Dublin and released in December 2009. His third CD We Are Not The Champions was recorded in the same venue and was released in 2012. Edinburgh Fringe shows

Awards and nominations for stand-up comedy
O'Doherty has been decorated with numerous awards for his achievements in comedy. In 1999, he won the Channel 4 So You Think You're Funny Comedy Competition at the Edinburgh Fringe and was also a finalist in the BBC New Comedy Awards in the same year. He has received the accolade of Hot Press Irish Comedian of the Year in 2003 and 2010.In 2000, he was nominated for Perrier Best Newcomer Award for his show, <mask>'Doherty: The Boy Who Saved Comedy  followed in 2006 by a nomination for The if.comeddie award for his show, <mask>'Doherty is My Name  He eventually won the if.comedy Award (formerly the Perrier Award) in 2008 for Let's Comedy. In 2009 O'Doherty was made honorary president of The Monumental Brass Society, after a particularly well received routine on brass rubbing at the previous year's Edinburgh Fringe. St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, is his favourite place for brass rubbing. He was also nominated for the Barry Award at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2006 and in 2014 received the award for Best International Comedian at the Sydney Comedy Festival. |-
| 1999 || Edinburgh Fringe || Channel 4 So You Think You're Funny Comedy Competition winner ||
|-
| 1999 ||  || BBC New Comedy Awards ||
|-
| 2000 ||  || Perrier Best Newcomer Award ||
|-
| 2003 ||  || Hot Press Irish Comedian of the Year ||
|-
| 2006 || <mask>'Doherty is My Name || If.comedy award ||
|-
| 2006 || <mask>'Doherty is My Name || Barry Award at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival ||
|-
| 2008 || Let's Comedy || If.comedy award ||
|-
| 2014 || <mask>’Doherty Will Try To Fix Everything || Best International Comedian Sydney Comedy Festival Awards ||

Television career
O'Doherty appears regularly on BBC and Channel 4 TV shows including QI, 8 Out of 10 Cats, Never Mind the Buzzcocks and Would I Lie to You?. In June 2012 he became the first Irish comedian to have their own Comedy Central Presents episode on American television. In May 2007, O'Doherty's first TV series, The Modest Adventures of <mask> O'Doherty, began airing on RTÉ Two.The six-part series was directed by John Carney, following the completion of his Academy Award-winning film Once. The premise of each episode was to have the comedian attempt to achieve a goal which he set for himself. The show features O'Doherty, his neighbour Bryan, and his friend Maeve Higgins. A running gag in the show is a reference to road racing cyclist Stephen Roche. Radio appearances
O'Doherty appeared on The Jon Richardson Show on BBC 6 Music on 23 November 2008 and on 8 November 2009. He is a regular panelist on <mask>'s Radio 4 series The Unbelievable Truth. Literary career
O'Doherty has written widely for newspapers and magazines and also has two plays, two books and a radio series to his name.His debut book was a children's book entitled Ronan Long Gets It Wrong, written in 2001. It was illustrated by <mask> and published by Mammoth Storybooks. His first play is entitled Saddled and was written with Bryan Quinn. It was claimed as "the world's first theatrical production to feature live repair of audience members' bicycles". In 2008, he and fellow Irish comedian Maeve Higgins performed I Can't Sleep, a play recommended for children aged 5–8. This was O'Doherty's first play for children. The play, which involved the audience entering the theatre to find both performers asleep in separate beds, was performed in both Dublin and Edinburgh.He has also written a series for RTÉ Radio about bee detectives with his brother Mark, entitled The Bees of Manulla. O'Doherty released a book detailing 100 false facts about pandas called 100 Facts About Pandas. He followed this up with 100 Facts About Sharks which is 100 false facts about sharks. In 2014 he and illustrator, Chris Judge, released a children's book, Danger Is Everywhere: A Handbook for Avoiding Danger. Filmography
In 2008, O'Doherty starred alongside comedian Dylan Moran, Keith Allen and Neil Jordan in A Film with Me in It, a cinematic release written by and starring his brother Mark Doherty. Discography
O'Doherty has also released five live audio albums, Giggle Me Timbers (or Jokes Ahoy! ), recorded in front of 35 people in his studio apartment and Let's <mask>'Doherty (2009), We Are Not The Champions (2012) and You Only Live (2015) recorded at Whelan's in Dublin.Live In His Own Car During A Pandemic was recorded in his car in June 2020. References

External links

 Official site

 Modest Adventures at RTÉ
 RTÉ press release

1975 births
Living people
Irish comedy musicians
Irish male comedians
Irish stand-up comedians
Musicians from County Dublin
People educated at St Michael's College, Dublin

masks:
David Nicholas O
David O
David O
David O
David O
David O
David O
David O
David
David Mitchell
David Roberts
David O


texts:
<mask> (1861–1902) was an Italian painter, draftsman, photographer, and ethnologist who in 1887 traveled through the interior of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay to document the lives of Indians in the region. Now hailed as a "pioneer of fieldwork" in Italian ethnology, he was ritually killed by natives in 1902. Early years, Italy

<mask> was born on 20 September 1861 in Omegna (Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola) to <mask> and Clelia Gené. From his father, Giuseppe inherited a passion for the arts, especially painting. When he was 17, and after studying general culture, Boggiani went to the Brera Academy (Milan) to study painting. He was taught by Filippo Carcano, becoming a prominent landscape painter. In 1883 Boggiani exhibited six paintings for the first time in Palazzo delle Belle Arti (Rome).Among these were La raccolta delle castagne (Gathering of Chesnuts) and Scogli di Sant'Anna. His painting La raccolta delle castagne was acquired by the National Museum of Modern Art in Rome for about 6,000 pounds, a price considered high at that time. At the 1887 Exhibition in Venice, he displayed Gli ulivi a Francavilla al Mare; Sentiero a Lago Maggiore, Villaggio sul Lago Maggiore, and Ortensie. In 1887, when 26, Boggiani undertook a journey to Argentina to show his paintings. In Buenos Aires he met several Italians who lived in Paraguay, and through the comments made, especially on the areas of Chaco and indigenous peoples, his fascination with Paraguay started. Later years, Paraguay

In 1888 Boggiani went to Asunción intending to trade in cattle and hides, then began his first expedition in the Gran Chaco. With the efforts of Don Juan De Cominges he reached Puerto Casado.Here he made his first contact with the Chamacoco Indians. He returned to Italy in 1893, bringing a collection of artifacts of great anthropological value, and started writing books based on his experiences. In 1896 he returned to Asunción. This time equipped with a camera, tripod and all the elements for the development of glass plates, he was convinced that photography was the only way to study these peoples living in their little huts. In the end, besides his many books, his photographs (more than 500 were made from 1896 to 1901) earned him and the subjects of his art the interest and admiration of a wider audience; part of his collection was subsequently acquired by the Ethnological Museum of Berlin. Boggiani was last seen by urban society on 24 October 1901, along with his assistant Félix Gavilan, when he left Asunción towards the Gran Chaco. In October 1902 Boggiani wrote for the last time to his brother Oliveira, writing of details of the expedition.It wasn't until 1904 that the Italian community of Asunción organized an expedition, led by the Spanish explorer José Fernandez Cancio, and on 20 October 1904 found the remains of Boggiani with his skull destroyed. It is supposed that the Chamacoco had split his head to prevent Boggiani and his camera from exerting more harm to their souls; in 1902 the American Anthropologist reported he had been killed "presumably at the hands of the Tobas Indians." His camera was found buried, and it is assumed many negatives too are buried. The actual remains of Boggiani are in a tomb in the Italian cemetery of Asunción. Boggiani's work could be saved thanks to the Czech explorer and botanist Alberto Vojtěch Frič (1882–1944), who went to Paraguay a few years later and was able to recover all his belongings, thanks to his good relations with the natives. His grandson, Pavel Frič, later succeeded in developing all of the photographs, and the collection is reproduced in <mask>i, Photographer (1997). Awards, honors

In Italy Boggiani was awarded, among others, the gold medal "Monaco di Bavaria."A museum in the town of San Lorenzo (Paraguay) bears his name, the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography <mask>. A street in Asunción, Paraguay is also named after him. Bibliography

Works by Boggiani
Notizie etnografiche sulla tribù dei Ciamacoco, etc. Atti della Società Romana di Antropologia. vol. 2. Rome: Società Romana per l'Antropologia, 1894.I Ciamacoco. Rome: Società Romana per l'Antropologia, 1894. With Vittorio Bottègo. Viaggi di scoperta nel cuore dell'Africa: Il Giuba esplorata. Rome: Loescher, 1895. I Caduvei (Mbayá o Guaicurú). Viaggio d'un artista nell'America Meridionale.Romer: Ermanno Loescher, 1895. Os Caduveo. Translated and annotated. Biblioteca histórica brasileira 14. São Paulo: Livraria Martins Editôra, 1945. Tatuaggio o pittura? Studio intorno ad una curiosa usanza delle popolazioni indigene dell'antico Peru.Rome: Stabilimento Tipografico G. Civelli, 1895. (Extract from Atti del IIo Congresso Geografico Italiano, Roma, 22–27 settembre 1895.) Vocabolario dell'idioma ciamacoco. Extract from Atti della Società Romana per l'Antropologia; 2:1. Rome: 1894. Vocabolario dell'idioma ciamacoco. Rev.Čestmír Loukotka. Buenos Aires, "Coni", 1929. Vocabolario dell'idioma guaná. (È comune anche alle tribù Ciapuchi,́ Sanapana,́ Angaite ́e Lengua o Petegmeḱ, e forse anche alla Pilaga ́o Pitipaga)́. Memoria di <mask>i. Atti della R. Accademia dei Lincei. Rome, 1895.Apuntes sueltos de la lengua de los indios caduveos del Chaco paraguayo. Buenos Aires: Impr. y Papeleria La Buenos Aires, 1897.Nei dintorni di Corumbà (Brasile). Roma, Presso la Società geografica italiana, 1897.La Questione dei confini tra le repubbliche del Paraguay e della Bolivia. Roma, Presso la Società geografica italiana, 1897. "Etnografía del Alto Paraguay" 1898. "Guaicurú.Su nombre, posición geográfica, reporte étnico y lingüístico en la América Meridional". 1898. "En favor de los indios Chamacocos" 1898. "Los chamacocos"
 "Vocabulario del idioma chamacoco"
 "Los indios caigua del Alto Paraná (Misiones)"Discusiones sobre filología etnográfica y geografía histórica. Asunción: <mask>i, 1899.Sobre ortografía de nombres geográficos guaraníes. Buenos Aires, Imprenta y litografía "La Buenos Aires," 1899.Compendio de etnografia Paraguaya moderna. Asunción, 1900.Works on <mask>
Bertelli, Antonio de Padua. Os indios cavaleiros Guaycurus: fatos e acontecidos entre 1526 – 1986 no Pantanal do Mato Grosso. São Paulo: Uyara, 1987. In Portuguese.Boggiani y el Chaco: una aventura del siglo XIX: fotografías de la colección Frič. Buenos Aires: Museo de Arte Hispanoamericano Isaac Fernández Blanco, 2002. Bonati, Isabella. <mask>i: Orme nell'ignoto.Turin: Il Tucano, 2006. . In Italian. Comitato Pro-<mask> (Asunción). Alla ricerca di <mask>i. Spedizione Cancio nel Ciaco Boreale, Alto Paraguay. Relazione e documenti. Milano: Bontempelli, 1903.Diaz-Perez, Viriato, and Raúl Amarai. Coronario di <mask>i. Palma de Mallorca: Luis Ropoli, 1977. .
Frič, Pavel, and Yvonna Fričová, eds. <mask>i: Fotograf / Fotografo / Fotógrafo / Photographer. Prague: Titanic, 1997. . A large-format book with prints and also text in Czech, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and English. Frič, Pavel, and Yvonna Fričová, eds. <mask>i Fotografo.Lisbon: Museo Nacional de Etnologia, 2001. . In Portuguese. Lehmann-Nitsche, Robert, ed. La Colección Boggiani de Tipos Indigenas de Sudamérica Central / Die Sammlung Boggiani von Indianentypen ause dem zentralen Südamerika. Buenos Aires: R. Rosauer, 1904. A series of 100 postcards on those originating Paraguayans, which included a supplement of 12 naked special reserved for scientists. Leigheb, Maurizio.Lo sguardo del viaggiatore: vita e opere di <mask>i. Novara: Interlinea, 1997. .
Leigheb, Maurizio, ed. <mask>i: Pittore, esplatore, etnografo. Novara, 1986. Torino: Regione Piemonte, 1986. Leigheb, Maurizio, and Lino Cerutti, eds. <mask>i – la vita i viaggio le opere: atti del Convegno internazionale, Novara, 8–9 marzo 1985 Novara: Banca Popolare di Novara, 1992.Pettazzoni, Raffaele. In Memoria di <mask>iani. Rome: Centro italiano di studi americani, 1941. Scotti, Pietro. I contributi americanistici di <mask>i. Genova, Libreria degli studi, 1955. Scotti, Pietro.La seconda spedizione di <mask>i fra i Caduvèi (1897). Genova: Libreria degli studi, 1963. Viviani, Alberto. <mask>i: alla scoperta del Gran Chaco. Turin: Paravia, 1951. Vangelista, Chiara. "Un pittore etnografo e mercante: Scambi commerciali e osservazioni etnografiche di <mask>i durante un viaggio tra i Cadiueu."In Fedora Giordano and Alberto Guaraldo (ed. and introd. ), Gli indiani d'America e l'Italia, II. Alessandria, Italy: Orso, 2002. 61–77. References

 External links

 Abel, Alexander. "El arte de robar el alma a los indios".Clarín, 17 November 2002. Giordano, Mariana. "El hombre de la cámara". Página 12, 10 November 2002. Machado, Alvaro. . Article with sample images.
.
 Pesis, Hernán. "El trágico final del fotógrafo".Leedor,'' 13 October 2005. 1861 births
1902 deaths
People from Omegna
19th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
20th-century Italian painters
Italian ethnologists
Italian photographers
Visual anthropologists
Brera Academy alumni

masks:
Guido Boggiani
Guido Boggiani
Giuseppe Boggiani
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggiani
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Boggiani
Guido Boggian
Boggiani
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Bogg
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian
Guido Boggian


texts:
<mask>. (born <mask>; born April 9, 1980) is an American musician, singer, songwriter and record producer. He is best known for his role as rhythm and lead guitarist, as well as occasional keyboard player and backing vocalist, in the American rock band The Strokes. <mask>. released his debut solo album Yours to Keep in 2006 and followed up with ¿Cómo Te Llama? in 2008. Since then, he has released the 2013 EP AHJ, and the albums Momentary Masters and Francis Trouble in 2015 and 2018, respectively. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of British-Gibraltarian singer-songwriter <mask>, a prolific songwriter best known for his 1972 hit single "It Never Rains in Southern California", and Argentine Claudia Fernández, a former model and beauty pageant winner.He has two older half-sisters. A first generation American, <mask> is of mixed Gibraltarian, Argentine, Austrian, and Peruvian descent; his first language was Spanish. <mask> began playing the guitar at age nine. He was a championship-winning roller skater as a child. At the age of 12, <mask>. was sent to boarding school Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland. While there, he became friends with future Strokes bandmate Julian Casablancas, whom he connected with as a fellow American despite Casablancas being slightly older. <mask> moved back to Los Angeles where he completed his high school education at the Buckley School.Following graduation in 1998, <mask> moved from Los Angeles to New York City and, having deferred admittance to New York University, took a short-term filmmaking course at the New York Film Academy. He later attended NYU's Tisch School of the Arts, but left after a year and a half. Career

The Strokes

After moving to New York City in September 1998, <mask> reconnected with his former school friend Casablancas, who later invited him to join the Strokes. Made up of Casablancas' other schoolmates Nikolai Fraiture, Nick Valensi, and Fabrizio Moretti, <mask>. was the last person to join the band in 1999. In the following two years, the band practiced and performed tirelessly, all while <mask>. was also attending NYU and working at Kim's Video. The Strokes released their first demo in January 2001, beginning a record label bidding war and years of critical acclaim. Since 2001, <mask>., as part of the Strokes, has released two EPs and six full-length albums, most recently The New Abnormal in 2020.<mask> is usually seen playing a 1985 '70s reissue Olympic White Fender Stratocaster or Gibson Les Paul Jr. that is sometimes used by bandmate Nick Valensi. On the majority of the Strokes' songs he plays rhythm guitar, and solos are played by Valensi. The songs in which <mask> does play solos are "Last Nite", "Trying Your Luck", "Take It or Leave It", "Under Control", "The End Has No End", "Ize of the World", "Threat of Joy", "Vision of Division", and "Drag Queen". His solos tend to focus largely on more emotional, "bluesy"-type melodic work, and the guitar tends to have a cleaner, softer tone in comparison to Valensi's (with a notable exception found in "Vision of Division"). He often holds his guitar in a high horizontal position, similar to Buddy Holly, which he says is so that he can dance better. Although vocalist Julian Casablancas is the primary songwriter in the Strokes, <mask> co-wrote the track "Automatic Stop" with Casablancas for the group's second album Room on Fire. He has been credited with writing three mostly instrumental songs ("Swiss Beats", "Holland", and "By the Way") for the band's 2001 tour video titled In Transit.These songs were reworked for his later solo album and have different titles ("Everyone Gets a Star", "Bright Young Thing", "In Transit"). He wrote "Elephant Song" when he was required to record a song for his Sound 101 class during his freshman year and used the school's recording equipment. The song was played at a few shows before the release of the Strokes' debut album. They later re-recorded the song as a special giveaway for fan club members. Solo career

Yours to Keep and ¿Cómo Te Llama? (2006–2013)

In October 2005, <mask> and Ben Kweller released a version of "Wait" on This Bird Has Flown – A 40th Anniversary Tribute to the Beatles' Rubber Soul. <mask> released a solo album titled Yours to Keep in the U.K. through Rough Trade Records on October 9, 2006 and in North America through New Line Records/Scratchie Records on March 6, 2007.Produced by Thin Lizard Dawn vocalist Lattimer and recorded at the Electric Lady Studios in New York City, the album features several musical guests, such as Sean Lennon, Ben Kweller, The Strokes' manager Ryan Gentles, Jody Porter of Fountains of Wayne, Chris Feinstein, Mikki James, Sammy James Jr. (The Mooney Suzuki) and the Strokes' lead singer, Casablancas. Bassist Josh Lattanzi and drummer Matt Romano serve as the backing band, with <mask> on guitar and vocals. The first single taken from the album, "101,"  was released exclusively through iTunes on September 4, 2006. "101" was the follow-up single to "Everyone Gets a Star". The music video debuted online in March 2007. It was going to be available in general music stores, unlike "Everyone Gets A Star" which was only available through UK iTunes Music Store. It was released on November 27, 2006.The music video for "In Transit" was directed by Joaquin Phoenix. <mask> has said to have been "waiting to make a record like this for years". Early support from his bandmates in the Strokes was only evident after Casablancas' role playing bass and back-up vocals on the track "Scared", though all of the members (with the exclusion of Nick Valensi, who was busy taking care of his newborn children) attended his shows in and around New York. On March 16, 2007, at the South by Southwest festival, <mask> performed a 12-song set including covers of Frank Black's "Old Black Dawning" and Guided By Voices' "Postal Blowfish". <mask> also regularly covered the Cars' "Don't Cha Stop" in live performances. He supported Bloc Party on their world tour before making stops at Montreal's Metropolis and Toronto's Kool Haus. After this, <mask> headlined two North American tours along with a European tour.The North American tour featured his friends, the Mooney Suzuki. In November 2006, <mask> was announced to be joining Incubus on tour during their North American tour for their new album Light Grenades. On August 29, 2007, <mask> announced on MySpace that he was going back into the studio to record his second album in October 2007 for five weeks. On March 20, 2008, <mask> posted a blog entry on MySpace in which he revealed the title of his second album: ¿Cómo Te Llama? He wrote that it contained 13 songs with a total length of 46 minutes and 30 seconds. He stated he hoped to be touring with the new album until the end of 2008. On May 27, 2008, <mask> released "GfC", the first single off ¿Cómo Te Llama?, on iTunes in the U.S.The song was played extensively live on his 2007 tour. A non-album song titled "& So It Goes" was released as a B-side along with the single. The album was released on July 7, 2008. On May 29, 2008, <mask> was Myspace's featured artist and exclusively premiered his new album ¿Cómo Te Llama? uploading all the tracks of the album on his official Myspace page. He celebrated the release of his album with a  July 8 small show at the Virgin Megastore, Union Square, in New York City. A noted absence from <mask>'s band was recording bassist Josh Latzanni.Steve Schiltz of the band Longwave, who toured with <mask> on his first album also was missing. Although <mask> was supposed to play only two or three songs, he ended up playing almost 10, with a selection that included both new and old tracks. This show kicked off his worldwide tour in support of ¿Cómo Te Llama? with the next show being sold-out at the landmark venue Spaceland in the Silver Lake neighborhood of Los Angeles. This was his only appearance on the West Coast. The following month, <mask>'s website officially announced that <mask> would be the support act of the British band Coldplay during their European Tour, which kicked off on September 1 in Strasbourg, France. AHJ EP and Momentary Masters (2013–2017)

In an interview with Har Mar Superstar in July 2013, <mask> revealed that he had recorded a five-song EP to be released via Julian Casablancas' Cult Records.Titled AHJ, it was released on October 8, 2013. <mask> stated in an interview promoting the EP on December 5, 2013, that he would be interested in playing solo as an opening act if the Strokes announced another tour: "I would definitely ask the guys if I could open for them. That'd be amazing." On June 22, 2014, a photo was posted to <mask>'s official Facebook page of himself in a room with other musicians and the caption "the start of something new; LP 3," suggesting that he is working on a third full-length album. <mask> released his third LP Momentary Masters on July 31, 2015 in the U.S. via Vagrant Records. The first single, "Born Slippy", was made instantly available for streaming and download via YouTube and iTunes respectively. Both AHJ and Momentary Masters were produced with <mask>.'s close collaborator Gus Oberg.<mask>. covered "The Little Boy That Santa Claus Forgot" by Vera Lynn mixed with the chorus from George Harrison's "My Sweet Lord" as part of Amazon's annual music series titled Indie for the Holidays. The song was released on December 1, 2017. Francis Trouble (2018–present)
<mask>.'s fourth solo album Francis Trouble was released via Red Bull Records on March 9, 2018. The first single "Muted Beatings" was released on February 2, 2018, and a second single, "Fast Times," was released later that month ahead of brief Western USA tour. That May, he released the single "More to Life". Later that year, <mask> was featured on the 2020 song "Another Hit of Showmanship" by the rock band the Struts. Artistry

Music
Guided By Voices, The Beach Boys, Buddy Holly, Frank Black, John Lennon, Matthew Sweet and The Velvet Underground are cited as <mask>'s musical influences.<mask>'s main guitar is a Fender Stratocaster Arctic White 1985 Reissue of a 1972. He owns three white Stratocasters, a Gibson Les Paul special single cutaway, a Rickenbacker 325, and a Gretsch hollowbody. His amplifier is a Fender Hot Rod DeVille 2x12. His pedal board is made up of an old version of the MXR Micro Amp, a V1 Jekyll and Hyde Ultimate Overdrive and Distortion, and a BOSS TU-2 tuner. In later shows, he adds another Micro Amp, and Jekyll and Hyde, and a Boss Digital Delay. He now uses a Mad Professor Deep Blue Delay pedal instead of the Boss Digital Delay. Fashion
<mask>.'s sartorial trademark is wearing formal three-piece suits, and has been said by bandmate Julian Casablancas to be the most influential on the band's style.<mask>. most recently collaborated with designer Amber Doyle for the Strokes' 2019 European tour. In a 2018 interview he stated that he'd had a passion for style from an early age, and has always combined his own designs with retail favorites. While <mask> has been best known for his formal wear, he launched his own range of Francis Trouble t-shirts and sports incorporated classic vintage tees. In 2009, <mask> released his own line of men's suits which he co-designed with stylist Ilaria Urbinati. The suits were at first only available at Urbinati's soon-to-open Confederacy boutique in Los Angeles. Speaking about the designing endeavor, <mask>. told New York magazine, "I want to make suits that I'm going to have for myself. They're for the person who needs his one suit for a wedding.He'd rather get something like this than go to Men's Wearhouse, pay the same amount, and look like an out-of-date parent." <mask> also collaborated with Elliot Aronow of Jacques-Elliott for a collection of ties in 2015. Personal life
<mask>. has been married to Polish restaurateur Justyna <mask>. née Sroka since December 23, 2013; she distinctively incorporates the suffix Jr. in her surname. As of 2020, the two live in Los Angeles. <mask>. also continues to or has previously maintained homes in the Nolita neighborhood of Manhattan and in New York's Catskill Mountains; in the late 2000s, he built his recording studio, One Way Studios, near his home in Port Jervis and later moved to the nearby community of Eldred. In the 2000s, he had relationships with British supermodel Agyness Deyn, as well as American musician Catherine Pierce of The Pierces. In the 2000s, <mask>. suffered from a serious drug addiction that involved cocaine, heroin and ketamine, among other drugs.He entered rehab in 2009 and has been sober since. It was announced on his Instagram account @alberthammondjr, that his daughter Holiday was born on the
7th of March 2021. Discography

Studio albums

EPs

Singles

Notes

See also
 List of Gibraltarians
 Music of Gibraltar
 Argentine American

References

External links

Spin Magazine feature, October 2003, retrieved March 25, 2007
Star Magazine web feature, March 28, 2007

1980 births
Living people
American indie rock musicians
American male singers
American expatriates in Switzerland
American people of Argentine descent
American people of Gibraltarian descent
American people of English descent
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American rock singers
Songwriters from California
Alumni of Institut Le Rosey
The Strokes members
Alternative rock guitarists
Guitarists from Los Angeles
Rhythm guitarists
Singers from Los Angeles
21st-century American singers
Cult Records artists

masks:
Albert Hammond Jr
Hammond III
Hammond Jr
Hammond
Albert Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond Jr
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Albert
Hammond
Albert
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond
Hammond
Hammond Jr
Hammond
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr
Hammond Jr


texts:
<mask> (born 15 July 1960) is a Welsh singer-songwriter whose music exhibits primarily a brand of Celtic and folk, while his songwriting is often focused on social lament or protest. From independently releasing his first studio release, I'm Only Beginning  in 1983, <mask>'s career has spanned over thirty years. In 2004, he won the Best Male Artist Category in the BBC Welsh Music Awards. Early life
Born in Penarth, Wales, <mask> grew up as an avid golfer, having started to play at the age of 10. At 15 years old, he was playing off a handicap of one, and at 17, he became the youngest ever winner of the Glamorganshire Golf Club Championship. He has won that title four times and also played for the County of Glamorgan and in the British Youths and Amateur Championships in the 1980s. <mask> remains a keen amateur golfer and plays with a handicap of four.However, <mask> would gradually focus his career path on music. Growing up, he participated in school eisteddfods and, at his own estimate, he had already written several songs by his early teens. Recording career

Early career (1983–1998)
<mask> began recording in 1983, releasing five albums over the 1980s, culminating in his 1989 self-financed An Aching and a Longing (Myrrh Records), which sold 30,000 copies and gained him a large enough following that he was subsequently signed to Sony Records. He made his major label debut with Being There in 1992. It was produced by Ben Wisch, to create more stripped-down arrangements. <mask> worked musically with Pete Brookes, while collaborating with lyricist Stewart Henderson on many of the tracks. A year after the release of Being There, <mask> recorded live versions of the songs featured on the album and released it under the title Undrugged.His second and final release under Sony, the self-titled Martyn <mask>, was produced by Mick Glossop, whose previous work included albums with The Waterboys. The first single from <mask> <mask>, "Talk About It in the Morning" co-written with Tom Robinson, was released in 1995 and reached the Top 50 in the UK Singles Chart. <mask>'s brief major label career produced four UK Top 75 singles total in the UK, including "Dolphins Make Me Cry (#34)", "Working Mother (#65)", "Please Sir (#43)" and "Talk About it in The Morning (#45)" Prior to 2003's Whoever It Was That Brought Me Here Will Have To Take Me Home, Being There and Martyn <mask> were the only albums of his to have been released in the United States. After being dropped by Sony, he recorded two albums for the UK independent record label Grapevine: Full Colour Black and White and Tangled Souls. His first release under Grapevine featured the fourth track "Ballad of Richard Lewis", a homage to the Welsh labourer and hero better known as Dic Penderyn, who was sentenced to death after leading the Merthyr Rising of 1831. The song would be later included in further albums (including the Thunder and Rainbows compilation, the Don't Talk About Love live album, and Evolved, as a re-recording in a different style) as "Dic Penderyn". Pipe Records (1999–present)
In 1999, <mask> established his own label, Pipe Records, citing "creative freedom" and "complete control" as the main advantages granted him that were not possible working under other labels.Drawing from possible past experiences with Sony, <mask> explains, "I'm not dependent on Robbie Williams' diary or Madonna's film schedule for when [my songs] get released." <mask> began publishing work under a new medium, a news magazine entitled The Passport Queue, the name of which is taken from a line in the song "Everything in Heaven". Subscribers of the magazine receive free annual CDs of rare recordings. In his first release under Pipe Records, Far From Silent, <mask> explored the complications of fame and fortune, in the second track "Celebrity". The eighth track, entitled "The Good in Me is Dead", written in the perspective of a Kosovo refugee in light of the Balkan atrocities, reflects <mask>'s penchant for writing about social tragedies and injustice. "The prime motive in the instant that I pick up the guitar is a selfish one," <mask> says. "It's because I need to deal with the world.I'm in the world and it's horrible, and what can I do? I'm just getting this stuff out of my system as it were." Between Far From Silent and his next LP, <mask> came out with several works, the first of which was a 2000 limited edition EP, The Shirley Sessions, which he worked on primarily during a tour with Shirley Bassey gone awry. The next year, in 2001, <mask> compiled a two-disc best-of album entitled Thunder and Rainbows – The Best We Could Find comprising 31 of his previous favourites and two new songs. Following his first best-of compilation, he came out with his second live album, two volumes of recordings under the title Don't Talk About Love 1992 – 2002. In November 2003, <mask> released his second LP under Pipe Records, Whoever It Was That Brought Me Here Will Have To Take Me Home. Soon thereafter, <mask> began a serious collaboration with Tom Robinson and Steve Knightley, whom he worked with extensively early in his career.The result was the 2004 release, Faith, Folk and Anarchy, as well as an eventual live accompaniment, Faith, Folk & Anarchy Live. The next year brought three more releases from <mask>. In the midst of the controversial war in Iraq, <mask>'s next album, Deep Blue, featured the highly political tracks "Yet Still This Will Not Be" and "How Did We End Up Here". <mask> mused in an interview with a folk music website, "I bet, in his private moments alone, deep down, Tony Blair the person regrets what he did in Iraq". The Bridgerow Sessions and Because We Can..., further collaborated on with Steve Knightley and Stewart Henderson respectively, rounded out the year. A regular performer at the annual Greenbelt Festival in the United Kingdom, <mask> recorded his 2006 performance and released it as MJGB06. The same year, he came out with his first live effort recorded on DVD, Martyn <mask> Live.A two-day stint in Las Vegas would precede his following LP released in 2007 and would prove to be highly influential, inspiring the album's title, Vegas, and its title-track. Another track on the album, "Kindness", was, on the other hand, inspired by the homeless situation in Toronto, Ontario. The album exhibited a generally edgier sound, featuring electric guitar. In October 2008, <mask> released Evolved, a new full-length album featuring 14 newly recorded tracks of songs in <mask>'s previous catalogue, but played in a different style than its original recording. He felt that the songs found in his albums no longer reflected the manner in which he played them live. The songs are uniquely presented exactly as <mask> played it in studio without any overdubbing or additional instrumentation. In January 2009, at the height of the Israeli attack on Gaza, <mask> released "Five Sisters", a track paying homage to the five sisters who were killed by an Israeli shell supposedly meant to hit a mosque.Later that year, <mask> released another live album entitled Official Bootleg Series – Volume 1 – Live Cuts 92–08. As the title suggests, the album compiled an assortment of official bootlegs spanning performances from 1992 to 2008. During a 31-date tour of the United Kingdom, beginning in October 2010, <mask>'s performances were recorded for a future live DVD release. <mask> later released Under Lemonade Skies, a 10-track LP. Touring

<mask> tours as a solo artist in the UK, and in the early 2000s he began touring in Canada and the United States. One of his songs, "All This Time" was borne of a trip through the Canadian wilderness. Of the track's inspiration, <mask> explains, "It humbles you visiting a place like that.Anyone who has an ego problem needs to backpack through Canada for a while." He is also a regular performer at major Canadian folk festivals, including the Vancouver and Edmonton Folk Music Festivals, and at the annual Greenbelt Festival in the UK. <mask> has performed as a support act for a variety of artists, such as Chris de Burgh, Marc Cohn, Joan Armatrading, Art Garfunkel, Janis Ian, and Suzanne Vega. In June 2000, he left a tour with Shirley Bassey after only eight shows over what he described as "rather obvious artistic differences". Prior to the tour, he admitted in an interview with Cross Rhythms, "I've heard that she can be difficult...I figure that [my songs will] paint a slightly different picture to the one she will probably paint so I guess it's a sense of balance, it's a challenge." Having unexpected time on his hands, he recorded an EP entitled The Shirley Sessions, which consisted of several songs written during the tour. In his early career, he experimented with an accompanied arrangement in his live shows, having been assigned drummer Pete Thomas from the Attractions by his Sony label.Activism
Spanning his musical career, <mask> has campaigned for causes. Asked in an interview whether he considered himself primarily a musician or activist, <mask> replied, "I can't decide ... I guess it's all part and parcel of the same thing for me." Focusing his attention towards trade justice, third world debt cancellation and human rights, <mask> has been involved with Brazil's MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra), Amnesty International, Christian Aid, Casa Alianza, the Stephen Lewis Foundation, Jubilee 2000 and Advantage Africa. In May 2004, in the wake of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, <mask> released a five-track EP, The Great American Novel, with all proceeds designated to War Child. He worked on the recording with regular collaborators Tom Robinson and Steve Knightley. In 2014 he launched his "Let Yourself Trust", a not-for-profit organisation which aims to challenge injustice, educating via advocacy, campaigning for human rights, and raising issues otherwise ignored.

masks:
Martyn Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Martyn
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph
Joseph


texts:
<mask> (August 15, 1837 – March 14, 1879) was an American physician and member of the <mask> political family. He served as the first Supervising-Surgeon General under president Ulysses S. Grant, then changed to Surgeon General of the United States Marine Hospital Service from 1871 to 1879. Early life and education
<mask> was born at Big Flats, Chemung County, New York. His family soon moved to Illinois, where <mask> attended school in Warrenville. He studied pharmacy at the University of Chicago and worked as a pharmacist for a time. <mask> was one of the organizers of the Chicago Academy of Science and in 1858 became curator of its museum. In this capacity, he made several trips west of the Mississippi River to collect natural history specimens.He was appointed naturalist by the University of Chicago in 1859 and asked to establish a museum of natural history. <mask> also spent time working at the Smithsonian Institution over the next few years. He then decided to embark on medical studies, and graduated from the Chicago Medical College in 1862. Career
Almost immediately upon graduating from medical school, <mask> was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the Union Army. He was soon promoted to Surgeon and eventually became Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee. <mask> served under General William Tecumseh Sherman, and on "Sherman's March to the Sea" he was in charge of the ambulance train, bringing the sick and wounded to Savannah without the loss of a single man. After the war, <mask> became a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.Following the Civil War, <mask> spent a year in Europe, receiving clinical instruction chiefly in the hospitals of Berlin and Vienna. In 1866, he became demonstrator in anatomy at the Chicago Medical College. He was also appointed Surgeon of the Soldier's home of Chicago and Sanitary Inspector of the Chicago Board of Health in that same year. Surgeon General
In 1871, <mask> was appointed the first Supervising Surgeon of the Marine Hospital Service. The Service had its origins in a 1798 Act of Congress "for the relief of sick and disabled seamen." The 1798 law created a fund to be used by the Federal Government of the United States to provide medical services to merchant seamen in American ports, which was expanded to include military and others who made their living associated with seagoing. The marine hospital fund was administered by the Treasury Department and financed through a monthly deduction from the wages of the seamen.Medical care was provided through contracts with existing hospitals and, increasingly as time went on, through the construction of new hospitals for this purpose. The earliest marine hospitals were located along the East Coast of the United States, with Boston being the site of the first such facility, but later they were also established along inland waterways, the Great Lakes, and the Gulf Coast and Pacific Coast. The marine hospitals hardly constituted a system in the Antebellum period. Funds for the hospitals were inadequate, political rather than medical reasons often influenced the choice of sites for hospitals and the selection of physicians, and the Treasury Department had little supervisory authority over the hospitals. During the Civil War, the Union and Confederate forces occupied the hospitals for their own use, and in 1864 only 8 of the 27 hospitals listed before the war were operational. In 1869, the United States Secretary of the Treasury commissioned an extensive study of the marine hospitals, and the resulting critical report led to the passage of reform legislation in the following year. The 1870 reorganization converted the loose network of locally controlled hospitals into a centrally controlled Marine Hospital Service, with its headquarters in Washington, D.C.The position of Supervising Surgeon (later Surgeon General) was created to administer the Service. <mask> began his service in the position on March 29, 1871, and he moved quickly to reform the system. He adopted a military model for his medical staff, instituting examinations for applicants instead of appointing physicians on the recommendation of the local Collector of Customs. Physicians, whom Woodworth placed in uniforms, were no longer appointed to serve in a particular facility, but appointed to the general Service. In this way, <mask> created a cadre of mobile, career service physicians who could be assigned and moved as needed to the various marine hospitals. The uniformed services component of the Marine Hospital Service was formalized as the Commissioned Corps by legislation enacted in 1889 under <mask>'s successor, <mask>. Hamilton. In 1872, <mask> initiated the publication of annual reports of the Marine Hospital Service.That same year he also served as one of the founders of the American Public Health Association. From the time of his appointment, <mask> envisioned broader responsibilities for the Marine Hospital Service, well beyond the care of merchant seamen. In 1873, his title was changed to Supervising Surgeon General. He issued publications on cholera and yellow fever, and laid the foundations for the passage of the National Quarantine Act of 1878. This Act conferred quarantine authority on the Marine Hospital Service, initiating a process whereby over the next half a century the Service progressively took over quarantine functions from the states. The Act also authorized the publication of Bulletins of the Public Health (the forerunner of the Service's journal Public Health Reports). The Marine Hospital Service thus moved into public health activities under <mask>, paving the way for its later evolution into the Public Health Service.<mask> also designed the seal of the Service, which he first used on a publication that he authored in 1874 on Nomenclature of Diseases. The seal consisted of a fouled anchor, to represent the seamen cared for by the Service, and the caduceus of Mercury. The latter symbol was particularly appropriate since it served as a symbol of commerce (which could represent the merchant marine) but was also used by the Army Medical Corps as its symbol. With minor changes in design, this device has remained the seal of the Public Health Service to the present day. <mask> remained in the position of Supervising Surgeon General until his death in Washington, DC, on 14 March 1879. References

1837 births
1879 deaths
John <mask>
Union Army surgeons
Surgeons General of the United States
University of Chicago alumni
Feinberg School of Medicine alumni
People from Big Flats, New York

masks:
John Maynard Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
John B
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Woodworth
Maynard


texts:
Sir <mask> was the Inspector General of the Nigeria Police Force from 2007 to 2009. Background

<mask> was born on 24 July 1949 in Oguta, Imo State and hails from Egbema in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. He is the Agunechemba I of Egbema, and Nigeria's first ethnic Igbo to assume the post of Police Inspector General. He holds a degree in English Language from the University of Ibadan, a Masters of Public Administration from the University of Lagos and an LLB and LLM from the University of Jos. He, in addition, also holds Honorary Doctorate Degrees from the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State and Novena University, Delta State. He is an Alumnus of the prestigious National Institute of Policy and Strategic Studies (NIPSS), Kuru Plateau State. He joined the Nigerian Police in 1977.Operational and command positions include serving as DPO in several police stations, Member, Armed Robbery & Firearms Tribunal, Lagos State, Assistant & Deputy Commissioner of Police (operations), Lagos State and later Benue State. He received a double promotion from Commissioner of Police when he became Deputy Inspector-General of Police. In June 2009, <mask> released a book titled "Policing Nigeria in a Democracy". Inspector General of Police

On assumption of office as the Inspector-General of Police, he worked tirelessly to provide secure environment for the actualization of Mr. President’s Vision of placing Nigeria among the world’s top 20 economies by the year 2020. This he ably did by partnering effectively with the Ministry of Police Affairs and the Police Service Commission, in a conscious effort towards re-positioning the Nigeria Police in the areas of Quality Training, Behavioral and Attitudinal Change, Community Policing and Service Delivery. He significantly improved the welfare and morale of officers and men, by an enhanced salary package and improved logistics, notably owner-occupier houses. He created a channel of communication as a tool of bridging the Police-Public divide; the philosophy that gave birth to 'THE DAWN' newspaper.He reinstated a number of officers who had been forced into early retirement and also made police service more open, receptive and responsive to troubled spots in the country the results of which all Nigerians are living witnesses and promised to provide improved pay, housing and equipment to the police. Among his salient achievements as the Inspector-General of Police are but not limited to the followings:
(1). Introduced the registration of all Sim Cards in the country in order to have a record of every user. (2). Initiated the Amnesty Programme for the then restive Niger Delta Militants. (3). Introduced the Anti-Terrorism Squad.(4). Introduced the Police Games. (5). Introduced Police Housing Scheme. (6). Forced Commercial banks to introduce CCTV cameras, Bullet Proof Bullion Vans and Bullet Proof Doors to reduce bank robberies. (7).Increased the Mobile force units
(8). Sponsored a Bill in the National Assembly on Anti Terrorism
(9). Introduced the Police Marathon Race

In October 2008, <mask> spoke on the responsibilities of the press, saying reporters should avoid sensationalism and should investigate any story carefully before reporting it. In February 2009 he stated that banks neglected security in their branches because they had insurance coverage. Missing N16Bn From Corruption Convict Ex-IGP Tafa Balogun
In November 2008 and again in February 2009, the Chairman of the House Committee on Police Affairs, Abdul Ahmed Ningi, asked <mask> to provide details of the money recovered from the former Inspector-General of Police Tafa Balogun, a request that he passed on to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Chairman, Mrs. Farida Waziri. However, the EFCC stated that they did not have records of the exact properties recovered from Balogun. Intimidation against INEC Resident Electoral Commissioner of Ekiti State
In April 2009, Mrs. Ayoke Adebayo, Resident Electoral Commissioner of Ekiti State, wrote a letter to President Umaru Musa Yar’Adua resigning from the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) saying she would not yield to pressure to change election results in her state.<mask> <mask> declared that she must make herself available to the Nigeria Police within 24hours. Halliburton Corruption Scandal
<mask> headed a five-man inter-agency panel to investigate the $190 million Halliburton scandal in which it was alleged that KBR, a subsidiary of Halliburton, had distributed bribes to politicians and officials to gain construction contracts from Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas. In July 2009 it was found that a key suspect, Abdulakadir Abacha, cousin of former military ruler General Sani Abacha, might have fled the country. President Yar’Adua ordered an interim report to ensure that the panel was not compromised or influenced during a planned visit abroad. Although Abdulkadir Abacha was never caught, President Yar’Adua congratulated <mask> on his retirement at age 60 in July 2009, for his achievements while in the IGP Office. Fraud at the Police Service Commission
On May 22, 2015, Mr. Aaron Kaase, a Principal Admin Officer (Press and Public Relations) of the Police Service Commission complained to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), as well as the Independent Corrupt Practices and Related Offences Commission (ICPC), detailing acts of corruption against <mask>, in which he allegedly swindled the Police Service Commission of over N275 million. The ICPC investigated and cleared <mask> of all criminal infractions.Post-retirement
He retired on 24 July 2009 from the Nigeria Police Force meritoriously, having attained the mandatory retirement age of 60 years. The entire Nigeria Police Force will continue to eulogize, appreciate and give ample reasons to remember him for all that he enacted, stood for, and his inherent principles of being celebrated but yet a benevolent tough cop. Speaking in August 2009 after a farewell parade in his honour in Abuja, <mask> spoke of problems with the system where the IGP does not have the authority to fulfill his responsibilities. He also said "The unkindest cut is the attack of a public officer after he has left office with the unholy belief that he is no longer in a position to defend himself." Sir (Dr.) <mask> <mask> is happily married with children and enjoys playing chess and writing in his spare time. Literary Prowess
Sir (Dr.) <mask> <mask> is a man with vast literary acumen and has authored 5 (five) books of different genre in spite of the herculean task associated with his chosen career:
1. Peace and the Nation;
2.Surviving the Cities;
3. The Legal implications of the Mismanagement of Public Funds in Nigeria. 4. Policing Nigeria in a Democracy. 5. Overcoming Security Challenges. Appointed By President Jonathan as Chairman of The Police Service Commission
On May 8, 2013, President Goodluck Jonathan nominated <mask> as the chairman of the Police Service Commission.Senate President David Mark confirmed <mask>'s appointment after a senate confirmation hearing. References

Nigerian police officers
Law enforcement in Nigeria
Living people
1949 births
People from Imo State
University of Ibadan alumni
Igbo people
University of Lagos alumni
University of Jos alumni

masks:
Mike Mbama Okiro
Mike Okiro
Okiro
Mike Okiro
Mike Okiro
Mike Mbama
Okiro
Mike Okiro
Okiro
Mike Okiro
Okiro
Mike Okiro
Mike Mbama
Okiro
Mike Mbama
Okiro
Mike Okiro
Okiro