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<mask> ( ; January 7, 1910 – December 14, 1994) was an American politician who served as the 36th Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967, as a member of the Democratic Party. In 1957, he refused to comply with a unanimous decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in the 1954 case Brown v. Board of Education, and ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent black students from attending Little Rock Central High School. This event became known as the Little Rock Crisis. Early life and career
<mask> was born in the northwest corner of Arkansas near the village of Combs to John Samuel and Addie (née Joslen) <mask>. Although <mask> was a socialist, and enrolled <mask> at the socialist Commonwealth College, the latter went on to pursue a very different political path from that of his father. <mask>'s first political race was in 1936 when he contested a seat in the Arkansas House of Representatives, which he lost. He was urged to challenge the result but declined, which earned him the gratitude of the Democratic Party.As a result, he was elected circuit clerk and recorder of Madison County, a post he held for two terms. His book, In This Faraway Land, documents the military period of his life. He was active in veterans' causes for the remainder of his life. When <mask> returned from the war, he cultivated ties with leaders of Arkansas' Democratic Party, particularly with progressive reform Governor Sid McMath, leader of the post-war "GI Revolt" against corruption, under whom he served as director of the state's highway commission. Meanwhile, conservative Francis Cherry defeated McMath's bid for a third term in the 1952 Democratic primary. Cherry became unpopular with voters, and <mask> challenged him in the 1954 primary. Gubernatorial election of 1954
In the 1954 campaign, Faubus was compelled to defend his attendance at the defunct northwest Arkansas Commonwealth College in Mena, as well as his early political upbringing.Commonwealth College had been formed by leftist academic and social activists, some of whom later were revealed to have had close ties with the Communist Party USA. Most of those who attended and taught there were idealistic young people who sought an education or, in the case of the faculty, a job which came with room and board. Democratic primary
During the runoff, Cherry and his surrogates accused <mask> of having attended a "communist" school and implied that his sympathies remained leftist. Faubus at first denied attending, and then admitted enrolling "for only a few weeks". Later, it was shown that he had remained at the school for more than a year, earned good grades, and was elected student body president. Faubus led a group of students who testified on behalf of the college's accreditation before the state legislature. Nevertheless, efforts to paint the candidate as a communist sympathizer backfired in a climate of growing resentment against such allegations.<mask> narrowly defeated Cherry to win the Democratic gubernatorial nomination. Relations were cool between the two men for years, but when Cherry died in 1965, Faubus put politics aside and was magnanimous in praising his predecessor. General election
In the 1954 general election campaign against Little Rock Mayor Pratt C. Remmel, <mask> secured the endorsement of the previous 1950 and 1952 Republican gubernatorial nominee, Jefferson W. Speck, a planter from Mississippi County in eastern Arkansas. <mask> defeated Remmel by a 63% to 37% percent margin. Remmel, a businessman and scion of a prominent Republican family, polled the strongest vote at the time for a GOP candidate since Reconstruction. Faubus rejected his father's radicalism for the more mainline New Deal, a pragmatic move. He was elected governor as a liberal Democrat.A moderate on racial issues, he adopted racial policies that were palatable to influential white voters in the Delta region as part of a strategy to affect key social reforms and economic growth in Arkansas. Governor of Arkansas, 1955–1967

The 1954 election made <mask> sensitive to attacks from the political right. It has been suggested that this sensitivity contributed to his later stance against integration when he was challenged by segregationist elements within his own party. He was known as a particularly effective one-on-one campaigner and was said to have never turned away anyone who sought to shake his hand, no matter how much time it took. Little Rock crisis

<mask>'s name became internationally known during the Little Rock Crisis of 1957, when he used the Arkansas National Guard to stop African Americans from attending Little Rock Central High School as part of federally ordered racial desegregation. Critics have long charged that <mask>'s fight in Little Rock against the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision by the U.S. Supreme Court that separate schools were inherently unequal was politically motivated. The ensuing battle helped to shield him from the political fallout from a tax increase.Journalist Harry Ashmore (who won a Pulitzer Prize for his columns on the subject) portrayed the fight over Central High as a crisis manufactured by Faubus. Ashmore said that Faubus used the Guard to keep blacks out of Central High School because he was frustrated by the success his political opponents were having in using segregationist rhetoric to arouse white voters. Faubus's decision led to a showdown with President Dwight D. Eisenhower and former Governor Sid McMath. On September 5, 1957, Eisenhower sent a telegram to Governor <mask> E<mask> in which he wrote "The only assurance I can give you is that the Federal Constitution will be upheld by me by every legal means at my command." This was a response to Faubus's concerns about being taken into custody and his telephones being wired. Eisenhower did say in his telegram that the Department of Justice was collecting facts as to why there was a failure to comply with the courts. This led to the September 14 conference where <mask> and Eisenhower discussed the Court order in Newport, Rhode Island.The quoted "friendly and constructive discussion" led to the Governor claiming his desire to comply with his duty to the Constitution, personal opinions aside. The Governor did express his hope that the Department of Justice would be patient. The Arkansas Governor did stay true to his word and on September 21, President Eisenhower released a statement which announced that the Governor withdrew his troops, the Little Rock School Board was carrying out desegregation plans, and local law was ready to keep order. On September 23, however, Mayor Woodrow Wilson Mann sent a telegram to Dwight Eisenhower stating a mob had formed at Central High School in Little Rock. State Police made efforts to control the mob, but for the safety of the newly enrolled children, they were sent home. The Mayor stressed how this was a planned act and that the principal agitator, Jimmy Karam, was an associate of Governor <mask>. The Mayor further explained how there was no way the Governor could not have been aware of this planned attack.In October 1957, Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard and ordered them to return to their armories which effectively removed them from Faubus's control. Eisenhower then sent elements of the 101st Airborne Division to Arkansas to protect the black students and enforce the Federal court order. The Arkansas National Guard later took over protection duties from the 101st Airborne Division. In retaliation, Faubus shut down Little Rock high schools for the 1958–1959 school year. This is often referred to as "The Lost Year" in Little Rock. In a 1985 interview with a Huntsville Arkansas student, Faubus stated that the Crisis was due to an "Usurpation of power" by the Federal Government. The State knew forced integration by the Federal Government was going to meet with unfavorable results from the Little Rock public.In his opinion, he was acting in his State's best interest at the time. Though <mask> later lost general popularity as a result of his support for segregation, at the time he was included among the "Ten Men in the World Most Admired by Americans", according to Gallup's most admired man and woman poll for 1958. This dichotomy was later summed up as follows: <mask> was both the "best loved" and "most hated" of Arkansas politicians of the second half of the twentieth century. The Little Rock Crisis inspired the song "Fables of Faubus" by jazz artist Charles Mingus. Faubus-style politics

Faubus was elected governor to six two-year terms and hence served for twelve years. He maintained a defiant, populist image, while he shifted toward a less confrontational stance with the federal government, particularly during the administrations of Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson, with each of whom he remained cordial, and both of whom carried Arkansas. In the 1956 general election, <mask>, having already beaten Jim Johnson, overwhelmed GOP candidate Roy Mitchell, later the GOP state chairman from Hot Springs, 321,797 (80.7%) to 77,215 (19.4%).In 1958, he defeated Republican George W. Johnson of Greenwood in Sebastian County by drawing 82.5% of the votes. In 1960, Faubus defeated Attorney General Bruce Bennett in the Democratic gubernatorial primary, then crushed the Republican choice, Henry M. Britt, an attorney from Hot Springs, to secure reelection. Faubus polled 292,064 votes (69.2%) to Britt's 129,921 (30.8%). In the presidential election contest, however, Democrat John F. Kennedy won Arkansas over the Republican Richard M. Nixon by less than expected. Britt was later a circuit judge in Garland County from 1967 to 1983. In 1962, Faubus broke with the White Citizens' Councils and other groups, who preferred, but did not officially endorse, U.S. Representative Dale Alford in that year's gubernatorial primary. <mask> cast himself as a moderate, he completely ignored the race issue during the 1962 election campaign, and barely secured a majority over Alford, McMath, and three other candidates.He then handily defeated the Republican Willis Ricketts, a then 37-year-old pharmacist from Fayetteville in the general election. While <mask> was still shunned by black leaders, he nevertheless won a large percent of the black vote. In 1964, when he defeated the Republican Winthrop Rockefeller by a 57–43 percent margin, <mask> won 81 percent of the black vote. He even collected a share of the base Republican vote from the conservative party members who had sided with former Republican state chairman William L. Spicer of Fort Smith, an intraparty rival of Rockefeller. Presidential election of 1960
During the 1960 presidential election, at a secret meeting held in a rural lodge near Dayton, Ohio, the National States Rights Party (NSRP) nominated <mask> <mask> for President and retired U.S. Navy Rear Admiral John G. Crommelin of Alabama for Vice President. <mask>, however, did not campaign on this ticket actively, and won only 0.07% of the vote (best in his native Arkansas: 6.76%), losing to the John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson ticket. Later life and death
Faubus chose not to run for re-election to a seventh term in what would likely have been a difficult race in 1966.Former gubernatorial candidate James D. Johnson, by then an elected Arkansas Supreme Court Justice, narrowly won the Democratic nomination over another justice, the moderate Frank Holt. Johnson was then defeated in the general election by Winthrop Rockefeller, who became the state's first GOP governor since Reconstruction. Years later, Johnson himself became a Republican and supported Governor Frank D. White, later a benefactor of Faubus. In the 1968 United States presidential election, <mask> was among five people considered for the vice-presidential slot of third-party presidential candidate George Wallace. However, in light of the public perception of both as segregationists, Wallace selected retired General Curtis LeMay. During the 1969 season, Faubus was hired by new owner Jess Odom to be general manager of his Li'l Abner theme park in the Ozark Mountains, Dogpatch USA. According to newspaper articles, Faubus was said to have commented that managing the park was similar to running state government because some of the same tricks applied to both.<mask> sought the governorship again in 1970, 1974, and 1986 but was defeated in the Democratic primaries by Dale Bumpers, David Pryor, and Bill Clinton, respectively, each of whom defeated Republican opponents. In the 1970 race, two other Democratic candidates in the running, Joe Purcell and Hayes McClerkin, failed to make the runoff, and Bumpers barely edged Purcell for the chance to face <mask> directly. In his last race, 1986, he polled 174,402 votes (33.5 percent) to Clinton's 315,397 (60.6 percent). Faubus's decline occurred when the Democrats reformed their own party in response to public acceptance of the progressive policies followed by Rockefeller. Thus, a new generation of popular Democratic candidates easily contrasted themselves favorably in voters' minds with Faubus's old-style politics and a more conservative Republican Party which followed Rockefeller's tenure in the state. In 1976, a report surfaced that Arkansas Republican leaders had approached Faubus about running for governor that year against Pryor, but both Faubus and the GOP denied the claim. The GOP instead ran the 40-year-old Pine Bluff plumber Leon Griffith as its sacrificial lamb candidate against Pryor, who won the second of his two gubernatorial terms with more than 80 percent of the ballots.In the 1984 Democratic primaries, <mask> expressed good wishes for civil rights leader Jesse Jackson's campaign, but later denied that he made an explicit endorsement. <mask>, a life-long Southern Baptist, died of prostate cancer on December 14, 1994, and is interred at the Combs Cemetery in Combs, Arkansas. Electoral history
1954 Democratic Primary for Governor
Francis Cherry (inc.) 47%
<mask> <mask> 34%
Guy H. "Mutt" Jones 13%
Gus McMillan 6%

1954 Democratic Primary Runoff for Governor
<mask> <mask> 51%
Francis Cherry 49%

1954 General Election for Governor
<mask> <mask> (D) 62%
Pratt Remmel (R) 38%

1956 Democratic Primary for Governor
<mask> Faubus (inc.) 58%
James D. Johnson 26%
Jim Snoddy 14%
Stewart K. Prosser 1%
Ben Pippin 1%

1956 General Election for Governor
<mask> <mask> (D) 81%
Roy Mitchell (R) 19%

1958 Democratic Primary for Governor
<mask> <mask> (inc.) 69%
Chris Finkbeiner 16%
Lee Ward 15%

1958 General Election for Governor
<mask> <mask> (D) 82%
George W. Johnson (R) 18%

1960 Democratic Primary for Governor
<mask> Faubus (inc.) 59%
Joe Hardin 16%
Bruce Bennett 14%
H.E. Williams 8%
Hal Millsap 2%

1960 General Election for Governor
<mask> <mask> (D) 69%
Henry Britt (R) 31%

1962 Democratic Primary for Governor
<mask> <mask> (inc.) 52%
Sid McMath 21%
Dale Alford 19%
Vernon H. Whitten 5%
Kenneth Coffelt 2%
David A. Cox 1%

1962 General Election for Governor
Orval Faubus (D) 73%
Willis "Bubs" Ricketts (R) 27%

1964 Democratic Primary for Governor
Orval Faubus (inc.) 66%
Odell Dorsey 19%
Joe Hubbard 10%
R.D. Burrow 4%

1964 General Election for Governor
Orval Faubus (D) 57%
Winthrop Rockefeller (R) 43%

1970 Democratic Primary for Governor
Orval Faubus 36%
Dale Bumpers 20%
Joe Purcell 19%
Hayes C. McClerkin 10%
Bill Wells 8%
Bob Compton 4%
J. M. Malone 2%
W.S. Cheek 1%

1970 Democratic Primary Runoff for Governor
Dale Bumpers 58%
Orval Faubus 42%

1974 Democratic Primary for Governor
David Pryor 51%
Orval Faubus 33%
Bob C. Riley 16%

1986 Democratic Primary for Governor
Bill Clinton (inc.) 61%
Orval Faubus 34%
W. Dean Goldsby 5%

See also
 "Little Rock"

References

Further reading
 Freyer, Tony A. "Politics and Law in the Little Rock Crisis, 1954–1957", Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2007 66(2): 145–166
 Reed, Roy."<mask> E<mask>: Out of Socialism into Realism", Arkansas Historical Quarterly 2007 66(2): 167–180. External links

 Orval <mask> Papers at University of Arkansas

 <mask> <mask> at Encyclopedia of Arkansas
 <mask> <mask> at National Governors Association
 Oral History Interview with <mask> <mask> from Oral Histories of the American South

20th-century American politicians
20th-century Baptists
1910 births
1994 deaths
African-American history of Arkansas
American autobiographers
American male non-fiction writers
20th-century American memoirists
American segregationists
Arkansas Democrats
Baptists from Arkansas
Burials in Arkansas
Candidates in the 1960 United States presidential election
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from prostate cancer
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Arkansas
History of the United States
Military personnel from Arkansas
National States' Rights Party politicians
People from Madison County, Arkansas
School segregation in the United States
Southern Baptists
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
Writers from Arkansas

masks:
Orval Eugene Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus
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Sam Faubus
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Eugene Faubus
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<mask><mask> (born December 2, 1954) is a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. Previously, she was a judge on the Michigan Court of Appeals. Background

Born in Jackson Heights, Queens in New York City, <mask> graduated with an Artium Baccalaureus degree in economics from Barnard College of Columbia University in 1975 and the University of Pennsylvania Law School with a Juris Doctor in 1978. She then clerked for two years for Michigan Supreme Court Justice Charles Levin, whom she would later marry and, in November 2006, divorce. <mask> then won an elected position on the Detroit Court of Common Pleas, and in 1982 was elected to the Wayne County Circuit Court. <mask> was elected to her position on the Michigan Court of Appeals in November 1992, and began serving in January 1993. Federal judicial service

Expired Sixth Circuit nomination under Clinton
On January 7, 1997, President Bill Clinton nominated <mask> to a vacancy on the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit that was created by the decision by Sixth Circuit Judge Damon Keith to shift to senior status.With the United States Senate controlled by Republicans during Clinton's entire second term, <mask>'s nomination languished for more than four years, chiefly because of objections from Michigan's Republican senator at the time, Spencer Abraham. Abraham had been angry with Clinton because Abraham previously had aided the president in getting three Democratic judicial nominees from Michigan approved in the Republican-controlled Senate allegedly on the condition that Clinton make no more nominations to the federal courts from his state. When Clinton nominated <mask> contrary to the previous agreement, Abraham refused to approve her, keeping <mask>'s nomination stalled in the Senate Judiciary Committee without a hearing or committee vote. When Clinton later nominated Kathleen McCree Lewis in 1999 to a second Michigan vacancy on the Sixth Circuit, Abraham did not allow her to be processed in committee either. Despite the delays, being picked to sit on a court just one notch below the U.S. Supreme Court "is like being hit by lightning," <mask> told the Detroit News in an article that was published on October 17, 1999. "To say I'm going to pick up my jacks and go home is self-defeating. Why would I take them off the hook?"<mask> acknowledged to the paper that she had considered withdrawing for "maybe 30 seconds." But at the time the article appeared, <mask> told the paper she believed she would be given a fair hearing. "From everything I've heard, Sen. Abraham is a decent guy," <mask> told the paper. "I have no reason to believe I won't get a hearing." Ultimately, <mask>'s nomination was returned to the White House when Clinton's presidency ended. <mask>'s four year nomination remains one of the single longest federal appeals-court judicial nominations never given a full Senate vote, exceeded only by the failed nomination of Bush nominee Terrence Boyle from 2001 to 2007. Renomination to Sixth Circuit under Bush

When President George W. Bush took office in 2001, he quickly submitted Republican nominees to fill the two Michigan vacancies that Abraham had refused to allow Clinton to fill.However, Michigan's two Democratic senators, Carl Levin, who was the cousin of <mask>'s husband at the time, and Debbie Stabenow, who had defeated Abraham in the 2000 election, consistently tried to block all of Bush's circuit court nominees from Michigan, citing the fact that <mask> and Lewis, who eventually died in October 2007, had never received up-or-down votes from the Senate during Clinton's presidency. The two senators were successful in the filibuster of Bush nominee Henry Saad, who later withdrew. But as part of the Gang of 14 deal in May 2005, they finally allowed the confirmation of stalled Bush nominees David McKeague, Richard A. Griffin and Susan Bieke Neilson. After Neilson's death in 2006, there were again two Michigan vacancies on the Sixth Circuit. Bush quickly named Raymond Kethledge and Stephen J. Murphy III to fill the positions. However, after the Democrats regained control of the Senate in November 2006, Levin and Stabenow once again balked at confirming any further Bush nominees from Michigan to the Sixth Circuit. On April 15, 2008, as part of a deal with Levin and Stabenow, Bush renominated <mask> to the Sixth Circuit, more than eleven years after she was first nominated by Clinton.She replaced Murphy as the nominee to fill Neilson's vacated seat, while Murphy was given a Michigan district court nomination in exchange. In return for <mask>'s renomination, Levin and Stabenow agreed to allow Kethledge to be confirmed. Another example of President Bush nominating one of President Clinton's previously stalled appellate nominees is the case of Judge Roger Gregory of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. <mask>, along with Kethledge and Murphy, received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on May 7, 2008, less than a month after her nomination. <mask> was pointedly questioned by Republican senators, who were angry that her nomination had been fast-tracked by the Democratic committee chairman, Senator Patrick Leahy, past several other Bush circuit court nominees who had been waiting in committee for much longer periods of time during the 110th Congress. She was voted out of committee on June 12, 2008 by an 11-8 margin. All of the Republicans on the committee, except Orrin Hatch, the chairman of the committee during the Clinton administration, voted against her purportedly on the grounds that she had not provided the committee with copies of her unpublished judicial opinions that were later reversed by the Michigan Supreme Court.On June 24, 2008, she was confirmed by the full Senate by a 63-32 vote. She received her commission on August 8, 2008. <mask> was the ninth and final judge nominated to the Sixth Circuit by Bush and confirmed by the United States Senate. See also
Bill Clinton judicial appointment controversies
George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies

References

External links

Michigan Court of Appeals bio
 Bray, Thomas J., "Judges and Grudges: Michigan's Democratic senators seek payback," The Wall Street Journal, December 4, 2001. Thomas, Ken, "Bush nominates Michigan appellate judge to 6th Circuit slot," The Associated Press, April 15, 2008. Egan, Paul, and Trowbridge, Gordon, "U.S. Attorney in Detroit nominated to federal bench," The Detroit News, April 15, 2008. Thomas, Ken, "GOP senators question quick action on judicial nominee," AP Google, May 7, 2008.1954 births
21st-century American judges
American women judges
Barnard College alumni
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
Levin family
Living people
Michigan Court of Appeals judges
Michigan lawyers
People from Jackson Heights, Queens
United States court of appeals judges appointed by George W. Bush
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
21st-century women judges
21st-century American women

masks:
Helene N
. White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
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<mask>  (born 25 April 1964) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for North Durham since 2001. He served as a defence minister under Gordon Brown, and resigned as a shadow defence minister in January 2016 in protest against a front bench reshuffle by Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn. Early life
<mask> was born in Nottinghamshire and is the son of a coal miner. He attended Portland Comprehensive School in Worksop and Newcastle Polytechnic and the University of Southern Maine, gaining a BA (Hons) in Government and Public Policy. Before becoming an MP, he was a Newcastle upon Tyne councillor from 1990 to 2001 and Chairman of the Development Committee as well as an elected officer of the GMB Union. Parliamentary career
<mask> was first elected as MP for North Durham in 2001 with a majority of 18,681. After becoming member of Parliament, <mask> became a member of the influential Defence Select Committee, and also a member of the Labour Party's Parliamentary Committee.His Private Member's Bill, the Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004, successfully passed Parliament, and came into force in December 2004. The Act makes it illegal for large shops to open on Christmas Day. He was re-elected to the North Durham seat in the 2005 general election, with a majority of 16,781. He polled 64.1% of the vote. His campaigning on behalf of people who had coal health compensation payments deducted by unscrupulous claims handlers influenced the Compensation Act 2006. Ministerial career
<mask> was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State and Minister for Veterans at the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in October 2008. In August 2009 he was accused of briefing against the Chief of the General Staff, General Sir Richard Dannatt, who had been an outspoken critic of the government's record on equipping troops.A series of Freedom of Information requests had been made concerning Dannat's expenses, and blogger Guido Fawkes "outed" <mask> as the culprit, although he did not provide any evidence that directly connected <mask> to the requests. <mask>, who had tabled Parliamentary questions on Army officials' spending before becoming a minister, denied the allegations and said he had a good working relationship with Dannatt. <mask> publicly apologised to Joanna Lumley in March 2010 after he had accused her of "deathly silence" over misleading advice being given to some Gurkhas following Lumley's successful campaign to allow more Gurkhas to settle in the UK. In 2017, <mask> said that while in office he had sought to revoke the government's agreement with Annington Homes, by which the MoD agreed to rent back military housing sold to the company under the John Major government in 1996, while allowing the company to sell homes the armed forces no longer required, but found it impossible to do so. <mask> described the arrangements as "an incredibly bad deal for the taxpayer." In opposition
In May 2010 Harriet Harman appointed <mask> Shadow Minister for the Armed Forces, outside the Shadow Cabinet. He retained this position under Labour leader Ed Miliband and in Jeremy Corbyn's first appointment of shadow ministers in 2015.He became a member of the special Select Committee set up to scrutinise the Bill that became the Armed Forces Act 2011. He was also a member of the Public Bill Committee for the Defence Reform Act 2014. In December 2015 <mask> made public his strong criticism of the new Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, in particular after Corbyn opposed military intervention in the Syrian Civil War. <mask> stated "because of [Corbyn's] incompetence, the Tories are getting away with things that are not being properly scrutinised and the people who are suffering are the ones that we represent." <mask> supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. He is Treasurer of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Industrial Heritage. He is a member of Labour Friends of Israel.Resignation as shadow Defence Minister
In January 2016, <mask> resigned as a Shadow Minister for the Armed Forces, following a reshuffle in which Jeremy Corbyn had promoted Emily Thornberry, who opposes the replacement of the Trident nuclear weapon system, to shadow Defence Secretary. In his resignation letter, <mask> said he believed that the country had to "maintain a credible nuclear deterrent, while working to advance global nuclear disarmament." He later supported Owen Smith in the failed attempt to replace Jeremy Corbyn in the 2016 Labour Party (UK) leadership election. Mental health
In 2012, in a debate in Parliament on mental health issues and their taboo, <mask> spoke about his own battles with depression, alongside Conservative back-bencher Charles Walker, who spoke about his own 30-year battle with obsessive–compulsive disorder. <mask> stated that he had suffered with depression since 1996. <mask> and Walker were both later praised for their speeches by Time to Change, a mental health anti-stigma campaign run by charities Mind and Rethink Mental Illness. In November 2015, after the appointment of the former Mayor of London Ken Livingstone to co-chair the Labour Party's review of whether to replace the Trident nuclear missile system, <mask>, a Shadow Junior Defence Minister, told the PoliticsHome website he was not sure Livingstone knew anything about defence and his appointment would only damage credibility among those who care about defence.In response, Livingstone told the Daily Mirror and others that <mask> was "obviously depressed and disturbed" and "should see a GP". <mask> responded that the remarks "belong in the dark ages" and that mental health should not be used to attack political differences. Livingstone eventually apologised, only doing so unreservedly via Twitter after intervention by Labour Leader Jeremy Corbyn. It was later noted in passing that <mask> had himself in 2010 ridiculed a political viewpoint by reference to "the nearest lunatic asylum". Post Office Ltd
<mask> has been very critical of the way in which many sub-post office franchisees were treated by Post Office Ltd during and after the Horizon IT accounting scandal. On 19 March 2020, he criticised both the organization and its former CEO, Paula Vennells, in a House of Commons debate. Notes

External links

 Guardian Unlimited Politics – Ask Aristotle: <mask> <mask> MP
 BBC Politics page

Video clips
 Keeping Christmas Day special

News items
 Opposing shops opening on Christmas Day in 2004

1964 births
Living people
Alumni of Northumbria University
British trade unionists
Councillors in Newcastle upon Tyne
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People from Worksop
People with mood disorders
Labour Friends of Israel
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
University of Southern Maine alumni
UK MPs 2017–2019
UK MPs 2019–present

masks:
Kevan David Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
Jones
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Jones
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<mask> "<mask><mask> (1883–1933) was an American bootlegger and organized crime figure in Detroit, Michigan, and later a member of Egan's Rats in St. Louis. He oversaw the purchasing of sacramental wine from Orthodox rabbis, then allowed under the Volstead Act, which were sold to bootleggers in the St. Louis–Kansas City, Missouri area during Prohibition. He was also associated with mobsters in this particular method of acquiring illegal liquor including Waxey Gordon, Meyer Lansky and Arnold Rothstein. By the early 1910s, <mask> had joined the Egan's Rats and become one of their best members. <mask>, his brother Morris, and two others were suspected in the murder of Sam Mintz on December 5, 1914. It was disclosed that Mintz had informed on the gang in a fire insurance scam they were running; <mask> managed to avoid being caught. <mask> was also believed to have played a key role in the Rats' first known bank robbery, that of the Baden Bank on April 10, 1919, during which the robbers took $59,000.Soon after the Baden bank heist, <mask>, Ben Milner, and Edward "Big Red" Powers were sentenced to Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary on an interstate theft charge, stemming from the Egan-sponsored robbery of some railroad cars in Danville, Illinois. Egan gang boss William Egan and Missouri State Senator Michael Kinney managed to finagle the three men pardons from none other than President Woodrow Wilson himself. Soon after their release, <mask> and Milner decided to go into the bootlegging racket for themselves. They accomplished this by betraying the very same man who had saved them from prison: Willie Egan. Egan gave <mask> $2,000 to make a deal with a Mexican smuggler for a load of whiskey. <mask>, it later turned out, paid the smuggler but kept the whiskey for himself. Egan was furious and demanded that <mask> reimburse him, but <mask> claimed the whiskey barge had sunk in the Mississippi River.These bad feelings came to a head in the early morning hours of October 16, 1920, when <mask> and his friends engaged the rest of the Egan's Rats in a huge brawl at Egan's Franklin Avenue saloon. One of the men severely injured was attorney John Sweeney. A month later, Milner would be shot and killed during a running gun battle with the Russo Gang. After these two incidents his bootleg business fell into disarray, forcing <mask> to leave St. Louis for Detroit. In the fall of 1920, he was introduced to Rothstein by Waxey Gordon and asked for a $175,000 loan to purchase speedboats to bring in alcohol from Ontario to Detroit as well as additional funds for graft payoffs. Rothstein liked the idea, but instead decided to take up rum-running to New York where the demand was the highest in the country. Gordon was allowed to run the operation as a junior partner while <mask>, in order not to be cut out entirely, was allowed to take part in the deal under the condition that he mortgage all his personal property to Rothstein and take out an expensive life insurance policy with Rothstein's insurance company.In March 1921, <mask> returned to St. Louis to lay the groundwork for his new business. Willie Egan gave <mask> one last chance to account for the missing whiskey. The two, along with John Sweeney and an unidentified man, met at the corner of Sixth and Chestnut streets in downtown St. Louis on March 11, 1921. <mask> refused to pay once again. As the meet broke up, a lone gunman appeared out of the shadows and started shooting. Sweeney was killed and <mask> was shot through the jaw. Despite the severity of his wounds, <mask> survived.In the wake of this attempt on his life, <mask> formed an alliance with the rival Hogan Gang. The Egan's Rats steadfastly believed that <mask> was the driving force behind the murder of Egan, who was gunned down in front of his saloon on October 31, 1921. It was said that <mask> paid the three shooters $10,000 each for the hit. During the ensuing gang war, new Egan boss Dint Colbeck made hunting <mask> a top priority. After Monsignor Timothy Dempsey negotiated a truce between the Egan and Hogan gangs in June 1922, several armed Hogan gangsters escorted <mask> onto a New York-bound train. Returning to New York City, Greenburg and Gordon then began leasing motorboats and trucks which brought in bonded whiskey and scotch from Rothstein's contacts in Canada and the United Kingdom. Their rum-running system, protected by Rothstein's payoffs to certain members of the U.S. Coast Guard as well as police and local politicians in Long Island and the Jersey Shore, delivered alcohol to high-class hotels in Manhattan among Rothstein's clientele.The bootlegging operation became one of the biggest and most successful in the country for five years until September 1925 when Prohibition agents seized one of their ships off Astoria, Long Island. <mask> and Gordon were arrested with 13 others a month later and charged with conspiracy to violate the National Prohibition Act. He later went to New Jersey where, in July 1929, he formed a bootlegging cartel with Waxey Gordon and <mask>. <mask> managed Gordon's vast real estate, hotel and gambling interests while Gordon's muscle and Hassel's political connections made a formidable alliance whose operation eventually became the largest producer of real beer in the New York–Philadelphia area. By 1933, the three owned at least 16 or 17 breweries stretching from Buffalo, Elmira and Syracuse, New York to eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware and Maryland, according to the US government. They also controlled smaller unlicensed breweries known as "cold water" or "wild cats". <mask> and his partners began to come under pressure to join the Italian–Jewish criminal syndicate controlled by Lucky Luciano and Meyer Lansky.They also began receiving threats from rival Dutch Schultz. On the afternoon of April 12, 1933, <mask> and Gordon were scheduled to meet with Hassel at his suite on the eighth floor of the Carteret Hotel in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Between 2:30 and 4:00 pm, taxi driver George Hickman told police he drove <mask> and two other unidentified men from the hotel to the Harrison brewery. He then drove them back to the Carteret where he saw <mask> entered the building. The two men who were with him stayed outside for a few moments before following him inside. Although these men remained unidentified, it was suggested they may have been <mask>'s bodyguards who were making sure no one followed their boss up to Hassel's hotel room. This was supported by the hotel barber who said <mask> waved to him as he entered the hotel at 4:10 pm.A second theory developed by police suggested that <mask> never left the hotel at all as hotel employees claimed his bulletproof sedan was not taken out of the hotel garage that day. Investigators found it unlikely that <mask> would risk taking a taxi, and without his regular bodyguard, knowing that his life may have been in danger. Shortly after the meeting started, Gordon left his partners and walked down the hall where he claimed to have entered the room of a young lady, 22-year-old mob prostitute Nancy Presser, with whom he spent the rest of the afternoon. He admitted he had talked to some men after leaving the meeting, but police did not release their names. Lou Parkowitz was also present the room and left when the participants began discussing serious matters. He was the last to see <mask> and Hassel alive as, several minutes later, he returned to the room after hearing gunfire and found both men had been shot to death. Parkowitz claimed that he had passed several men running past him as he hurried back to the room.Entering the room, Parkowitz discovered Hassel's body laying face down near the office doorway while <mask> was slumped over a closed rolltop desk shot five times in the chest and head. Frankie Carbo, a gunman for Murder, Inc., was later charged with the murders of <mask>, Hassel and Gordon following his arrest in 1935. He spent six months in jail before the case was dropped. Joseph Stassi claimed that Meyer Lansky, Abner "Abe" Zwillman and Joe Adonis had ordered the three men killed in order to consolidate their control over bootlegging operations in North Jersey. References

Further reading
Block, Alan A. East Side–West Side: Organizing Crime in New York, 1930–1950. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1983.Joselit, Jenna Weissman. Our Gang: Jewish Crime and the New York Jewish Community, 1900–1940. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983. Smith, Richard Norton. Thomas E. Dewey and His Times. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1982. Tomlinson, Gerald.Murdered in Jersey. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1994. Waugh, Daniel. Egan's Rats: The Untold Story Of The Gang That Ruled Prohibition-era St. Louis. Nashville: Cumberland House, 2007. 1883 births
Date of birth missing
1933 deaths
Murdered Jewish American gangsters
People from St. Louis
Gangsters from Detroit
Prohibition-era gangsters
People murdered in New Jersey
Deaths by firearm in New Jersey

masks:
Max
Big Maxie
" Greenberg
Greenberg
Max
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Max Greenberg
Greenberg
Max Hassel
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg
Greenberg


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<mask> (; ; c. 362316 BC) was a Greek general and satrap. He participated in the Wars of Alexander the Great, serving as both Alexander's personal secretary and as a battlefield commander. He later was a participant in the Wars of the Diadochi as a supporter of the Macedonian Argead royal house. He was executed after the Battle of Gabiene in 316 BC. Early career
<mask> was a native of Cardia in the Thracian Chersonese. At a very early age, he was employed as a private secretary by Philip II of Macedon and after Philip's death (336 BC) by Alexander the Great, whom he accompanied into Asia. After Alexander's death (323 BC), Eumenes took command of a large body of Macedonian and other Greek soldiers fighting in support of Alexander's son, Alexander IV.Satrap of Cappadocia and Paphlagonia (323-319 BC)
In the ensuing division of the empire in the Partition of Babylon (323 BC), Cappadocia and Paphlagonia were assigned to <mask>; but as they were not yet subdued, Leonnatus and Antigonus were charged by Perdiccas with securing them for him. Antigonus, however, ignored the order, and Leonnatus vainly attempted to induce <mask> to accompany him to Europe and share in his far-reaching designs. <mask> joined Perdiccas, who installed him in Cappadocia. Battle of the Hellespont (321 BC)
When Craterus and Antipater, having subdued Greece in the Lamian War, determined to pass into Asia and overthrow the power of Perdiccas, their first blow was aimed at Cappadocia. Craterus and Neoptolemus, the satrap of Armenia, were completely defeated by <mask> in the Battle of the Hellespont in 321. Neoptolemus was killed, and Craterus died of his wounds. After the death of Perdiccas
After the murder of Perdiccas in Egypt by his own soldiers (320 BC), the Macedonian generals condemned <mask> to death at the Conference at Triparadisus, assigning Antipater and Antigonus as his executioners.<mask> first travelled to Mount Ida where there was a royal stable. <mask> took a large number of horses to replenish his Cappadocian cavalry. He took the time to file an account with the overseers of the stables despite his outlaw status. Upon hearing this, Antipater was greatly amused, however, it is clear that Eumenes made this move to show that he was acting under the law and in the service of the Argead House. Since he would be facing a force superior in infantry, <mask> decided to travel to the plains of Sardis where his advantage in cavalry would be decisive. He had also hoped to win the support of Cleopatra of Macedon, who was present in the city at the time. Cleopatra and <mask> had been friends since childhood, however, Cleopatra was not willing to back what seemed to be a losing cause and implored Eumenes to leave the area lest she incur the wrath of Antipater.<mask> obliged her and moved north into Phrygia to winter. Despite his superior military skills, <mask>’ Macedonian generals approached him about one of them taking overall command. <mask> retorted that “formalities and technicalities would not protect them from death and destruction”. To further guarantee the loyalty of subordinates, <mask> sold off the estates of Phrygia to them and provided military support to claim the purchased land from the, obviously, unwilling and disgruntled Phrygian property owners. This revenue was used to pay his soldiers. After the Conference at Triparadisus
Following the Conference at Triparadisus, Antigonus first placed a bounty on the Greek general’s head of 100 talents of gold. News of this came immediately after Eumenes’ financial rewards, so his officers and men were outraged and redoubled their efforts to protect their leader, assigning a large bodyguard of 1000 men to protect him at all times.<mask> was also granted the privilege of wearing a purple hat and cloak, an honour usually only granted to a Macedonian king. In 319 BC, Antigonus marched his army into Cappodocia and engaged <mask> at the Battle of Orkynia. Here, <mask> was defeated due to an unknown act of a traitor who Antigonus possibly bribed. Although defeated, <mask> swiftly acted to chase down and execute this traitor, which restored the faith of his men. Following this battle, Antigonus neglected to address the dead and immediately set off in pursuit for <mask>. Determined to follow tradition, Eumenes made the bold and unexpected move to regain the battlefield so that he could construct a proper funeral pyre for the dead. This action greatly impressed Antigonus.Remainder of the Campaign
The remainder of the campaign turned into a battle of manoeuvre, with <mask> avoiding further battle with Antigonus. At one point, <mask> was in a position to capture the baggage of Antigonus’ forces. Eumenes knew that he would not be able to prevent his soldiers from plundering this loot if they found out about it and also that doing so would decrease the essential mobility of his forces. Eumenes dispatched a private message to his old friend, the general Menander, advising him to move the baggage uphill so that its capture would be impossible. Menander immediately followed this advice. He and his fellow officers were shocked by this move and thought Eumenes to be a paragon of virtue. Only Antigonus knew of Eumenes’ real motives.This action is also ironic when compared to the steps Antigonus had to take to finally defeat <mask>. The following winter, <mask> disbanded his army, save for a small, crack force of 500 cavalry and 200 heavy infantry and holed up in Nora, a strong fortress on the border between Cappadocia and Lycaonia. Antigonus arrived shortly and decided to enter into negotiation with <mask> instead of undergoing a lengthy siege. Antigonus wanted to acquire <mask> as his own officer and so first demanded that <mask> address him as a superior officer, to which Eumenes replied “while I am able to wield a sword, I shall thank no man greater than myself”. During negotiations, Eumenes was unable to secure a deal he thought fitting and so was willing to hold out longer for a more favourable position in the imperial hierarchy. Antigonus then departed with his army, leaving behind only forces sufficient to blockade Nora. In the cramped city, Eumenes was forced to come up with novel solutions so that his men and horses remained in fighting shape including; emptying large rooms where men exercised on a set schedule, and creating a suspension device, likened to an ancient treadmill, on which horses could run.<mask> held out for more than a year until the death of Antipater threw his opponents into disarray. The Second War of the Diadochi
Antipater had left the regency to his friend Polyperchon instead of his son Cassander. Cassander, therefore, allied himself with Antigonus, Lysimachus and Ptolemy, while <mask> allied himself with Polyperchon. He was able to escape from Nora by tricking the Antigonid diplomat, his friend and countryman Hieronymus of Cardia,  sent to negotiate his surrender, into having him swear an oath of loyalty to the two kings, Philip III and Alexander IV instead of Antigonus himself. By swearing an oath to an infant and a developmentally disabled man, this essentially gave Eumenes free rein to act in whatever manner he saw as in the best interest of the Argead Dynasty and, therefore, himself. Eumenes acted quickly to muster his army and marched into Cilicia, where he allied with Antigenes and Teutamus, the commanders of the famous Macedonian Silver Shields. Eumenes again demonstrated his cleverness and was able to secure control over these men by playing on their loyalty to, and superstitious awe of, Alexander.He claimed that Alexander had visited him in a dream and told him that he would be present with them at every battle. <mask> even went so far as to set up a tent for the late conqueror complete with a throne. He used the royal treasury at Kyinda to recruit an army of mercenaries to add to his own troops. In 317 BC, Eumenes left Cilicia and marched into Syria and Phoenicia, and began to raise a naval force on behalf of Polyperchon. When it was ready, he sent the fleet west to reinforce Polyperchon, but it was met by Antigonus's fleet off the coast of Cilicia, and the fleet of Eumenes changed sides. Meanwhile, Antigonus had settled his affairs in Asia Minor and marched east to take out <mask> before he could do further damage. Eumenes somehow had advance knowledge of this and marched out of Phoenica, through Syria into Mesopotamia, with the idea of gathering support in the upper satrapies.<mask> in the East
<mask> gained the support of Amphimachos, the satrap of Mesopotamia, then marched his army into Northern Babylonia, where he put them into winter quarters. During the winter he negotiated with Seleucus, the satrap of Babylonia, and Peithon, the satrap of Media, seeking their help against Antigonus. Unable to sway Seleucus and Peithon, <mask> left his winter quarters early and marched on Susa, a major royal treasury, in Susiana. In Susa, Eumenes sent letters to all the satraps to the north and east of Susiana, ordering them in the kings' names to join him with all their forces. When the satraps joined Eumenes he had a considerable force, with which he could look forward with some confidence to doing battle against Antigonus. <mask> then marched southeastwards into Persia, where he picked up additional reinforcements. Antigonus, meanwhile, had reached Susa and left Seleucus there to besiege the place while he himself marched after Eumenes.At the river Kopratas, <mask> surprised Antigonus during the crossing of the river and killed or captured 4,000 of his men. Antigonus, faced with disaster, decided to abandon the crossing and turned back northward, marching up into Media, threatening the upper satrapies. <mask> wanted to march westward and cut Antigonus's supply lines, but the satraps refused to abandon their satrapies and forced <mask> to stay in the east. In the late summer of 316 BC, Antigonus moved southward again in the hope of bringing <mask> to battle and ending the war quickly. Eventually, the two armies met in southern Media and fought the indecisive Battle of Paraitakene. Antigonus, whose casualties were more numerous, force marched his army to safety the next night. During the winter of 316-315 BC, Antigonus tried to surprise Eumenes in Persis by marching his army across a desert and catching his enemy off guard; unfortunately, he was observed by some locals who reported it to his opponents.A few days later both armies drew up for battle. The Battle of Gabiene was as indecisive as the previous battle at Parataikene. According to Plutarch and Diodorus, <mask> had won the battle but lost control of his army's baggage camp thanks to his ally Peucestas' duplicity or incompetence. In addition to all the loot of the Silver Shields (treasure accumulated over 30 years of successful warfare including gold, silver, gems and other booty), the soldiers' women and children were taken, and <mask>' army wished to negotiate their return. Teutamus, one of their commanders, sent the request to Antigonus, who responded by demanding they give him Eumenes. The Silver Shields complied, arrested <mask> and his officers, and handed them over. The war was thus at an end.<mask> was placed under guard while Antigonus held a council to ponder his fate. Antigonus, supported by his son Demetrius, was disinclined to kill <mask>, but most of the council insisted that he execute <mask> and so it was decided. Death
Antigonus, according to Plutarch, starved <mask> for three days but finally sent an executioner to dispatch him when the time came for him to move his camp. <mask>' body was given to his friends to be burnt with honour, and his ashes were conveyed in a silver urn to his wife and children. Legacy
Despite <mask>' undeniable skills as a general, he never commanded the full allegiance of the Macedonian officers in his army and died as a result. He was an able commander who did his utmost to maintain the unity of Alexander's empire in Asia. Still, his efforts were frustrated by generals and satraps both nominally under his command and under that of his enemies.<mask> was hated and despised by many fellow commanders—certainly for his successes and supposedly for his non-Macedonian (in the tribal sense) background and prior office as Royal Secretary. <mask> has been seen as a tragic figure, a man who seemingly tried to do the right thing but was overcome by a more ruthless enemy and the treachery of his own soldiers. Historie is a historical fiction manga series that tells the life story of <mask>. Family
Pharnabazus III, Persian satrap of Phrygia, was his brother-in-law, as <mask> married Artonis, the daughter of Persian satrap Artabazus II and sister of Pharnabazus III. Sources
Plutarch - the main surviving biography of <mask> is by Plutarch. Plutarch's parallel Roman life was the life of Sertorius. Diodorus - <mask> is a significant figure in books 16–18 of Diodorus's history
Richard A. Billows, Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, a biography of Antigonos Monopthalmus (Eumenes's main opponent during the Second War of the Diadochi).References

Sources
Edward Anson, <mask> of Cardia: A Greek among Macedonians, Brill Academic Publishers, 2004. External links
The Life of Eumenes by Plutarch
The Historical Library by Diodorus - books XVIII and XIX
The Life of Eumenes by Cornelius Nepos

316 BC deaths
4th-century BC Greek people
Ancient Thracian Greeks
Ancient Greek generals
Generals of Alexander the Great
Generals of Philip II of Macedon
Trierarchs of Nearchus' fleet
Satraps of the Alexandrian Empire
Macedonian royal secretaries
360s BC births
Executed ancient Greek people
Scythian people

masks: Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes Eumenes


texts:
<mask> (February 8 or 9, 1883, Mexico City  – February 14, 1975) was a Mexican artist. He was part of the initial wave of artistic activity following the Mexican Revolution. However, his stay in Europe from 1927 to 1932 moved him into more European and more abstract work, especially sculpture. While he had a number of exhibitions in Mexico during his life including a retrospective at the Museo de Arte Moderno in 1965, he did not have the kind of success that many of his contemporaries did as he did not follow the then dominant themes or styles of Mexican muralism movement. His work was considered to be avant-garde and is considered to be the first Mexican abstract artist, creating masks and sculptures of wood, wire, plastic, sheet metal, ceramic, electrical wire and other materials, traditional and non-traditional. Life
<mask> was born <mask> on February 8, 1893, in Mexico City, to parents <mask> and Paz Vidal. His father was from an intellectual and socially influential family from Cantabria, Spain, related to politician Matilde de la Torre and María Blanchard .He was studying chemistry when the Mexican Revolution broke out, interrupting his studies as he fled to Spain to escape the fighting. At this time he met sculptor Fidencio Nava, which convinced him to change careers to art. When he returned to Mexico in 1918, he entered the Academy of San Carlos. However, he did not like its formalism and left shortly thereafter. He later studied in Paris. In 1923, he was a cofounder of the Stridentism movement in Mexico, along with Manuel Maples Arce, <mask> List Arzubide, Salvador Gallardo, Silvestre Revueltas, Jean Charlot, Edward Weston and Tina Modotti. The goal of this movement was to reshape literature and art entirely, but fading by the end of the decade.From 1927 to 1932, he lived in Paris, traveling to the Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Italy and Switzerland. Here he created a circle of contacts and friends in the European vanguard often through María Blanchard. These included Julio González, Otto van Rees (artist), Angelina Beloff, Adam Fischer, Joaquín Torres García, Jacques Lipchitz and Constantin Brâncuși. He became a member of the Cercle et Carré where he became associated with Piet Mondrian, Jean Arp, Wassily Kandinsky and Georges Vantongerloo. After the death of María Blanchard in 1932, he decided to return to Mexico with his family, inviting Angelina Beloff, Diego Rivera's abandoned first wife, to accompany them. In Mexico, he identified politically and socially with the dominant Mexican school of painting, but his aesthetics were more European due to his stay in Paris. He did not like the exclusiveness of the art scene in Mexico and for this reason tended to stay apart from his Mexican contemporaries.<mask>'s first wife was <mask> whom he married in 1919. Together they lived in Paris for many years. The union produced two daughters, named Ana Maria and Mireya. Mireya <mask> (born 1922) became a well-known puppeteer, writer and playwright, winning the Bellas Artes Medal for her life's work. Mireya began her career helping her parents. <mask> later had a son, named <mask>. His second wife was María Galán, and his widow was Ester Echeverría.<mask> <mask> died on February 14, 1975, at age 83 from heart failure. Career
<mask> worked in a number of disciplines but is best known for mask making, especially related to theatre and abstract sculpture. He began his career in 1922 as an assistant to sculptor Ignacio Asúnsolo, who work working on renovations to the Secretaría de Educación Pública building . <mask> was a member of the Stridentism movement in the 1920s, when he began to make masks with cardboard and other materials. In 1924 he had an exhibition of these masks at the “El Café de Nadie” affiliated with the Stridentism movement, most based on friends including one dedicated to Leopoldo Méndez . He continued to make masks for theatrical productions and exhibition, with the number of masks made over his lifetime estimated at over one thousand. Although Cueto was part of the initial wave of artistic activity spurred by the Secretaría de Educación Pública under José Vasconcelos, the movement limited much of artistic production, especially sculpture to themes related to praising the nation, liberty and work.<mask>'s time in Europe in the late 1920s and early 1930s pushed him into a different direction. While considered to be in Mexico's vanguard, he was frequently frustrated by his inability to sell works after his return to Mexico. He was frequently excluded from public projects as his works did not relate to Mexican heroes or Mexican folkloric themes. Most of his work would not be appreciated until late in his career and after his death, as a pioneer of abstract and modern art in Mexico and Latin America. Although still relatively unknown in Mexico, his work is more valued by collectors, especially small bronze pieces. While never having the success that many of his contemporaries did, <mask> did have a number of exhibitions during his lifetime. His first was of masks in 1924 at the “El Café de Nadie” in Mexico City.Living in Paris, he exhibited with the  Cercle et le Carré (Circle and Square) group, of which he was a member, as well as at the Renaissance Gallery in Paris (1928), the Quatre Gallery in Paris (1929), the 23 Gallery in Paris (1930), the Galeries Dalmau in Spain (1930) and at a collective exhibition in Switzerland. After returning to Mexico, he had some exhibitions such as the Galería de Arte Mexicano in Mexico City (1932), the UNAM Gallery (1933), a major individual exhibition at the Galería de Arte Mexicano  in 1944, Mont-Oredain Gallery in Mexico City (1948), Glardecor Gallery in Mexico City (1951), the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana (1954), Excélsior Gallery and Proteo Gallery in Mexico City (1955) and the Instituto Francés de América Latina in 1960. He had one major individual exhibition outside of Mexico at the Suenks-Franska Konstgalleriet in Sweden in 1954. Despite his reputation for being avant-garde, his work was not recognized or shown at the prestigious Museo de Arte Moderno in Mexico City until 1965, when the institution dedicated a “very deserved” retrospective of his work. It has a larger exhibition of this type in 1981 after the artist's death. Other exhibitions of his work after his death include the Futurismo & futurism exhibition at the Palazzo Grassi in Venice (1986), Centro Cultural Santo Domingo in Oaxaca (2000),  the Federico Silva Museum in San Luis Potosí (2005), Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (2005), the Carrillo Gil Museum in Mexico City (2006) and the Museo de Arte in Querétaro (2007). His canvas works can be found primarily in museum in Mexico and Europe with a notable collection held by the Blaisten Collection in Mexico City.His sculptures, including monumental works can be found in institutions in Mexico and Europe such as the Sala Manuel M. Ponce at the Palacio de Bellas Artes and the Museo de Arte Moderno. On permanent display at the Museo de Arte Moderno is the sculpture Tehuana, which consists of sheet metal about 110 cm high. He did ceramics work for the Arabia Workshop in Helsinki and a porcelain piece for the Royal Copenhagen in Denmark . One major monumental work is an iron piece painted in enamel, for the Gustavsberg porcelain plant in Sweden sponsored by the Swedish-Mexican Society in 1954. In Mexico, he created the monumental piece called El Corredor (The Runner) for the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, places in front of the stadium at the Ciudad Universitaria . Another notable area for <mask> was theatre and education. After he returned to Mexico from Europe, Carlos Chávez employed him to develop characters for an educational puppet theatre.From 1924 to 1926 he taught art at the Artes y Oficio Gabriela Mistral and at the Normal para Maestros. He also went to teach in Hidalgo as part of a cultural mission organized by Rafael Ramírez Heredia . In 1948 he directed the Dance Institute at the Palacio de Bellas Artes for a time, creating masks for various performances. From 1956 to 1959 he was an art professor at the Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda". In 1960 he became a teacher at the Escuela de Artesanias of the Ciudadela, teaching work with enamel. Recognitions include honorable mention at the Bienal Nacional de Escultura in 1963 and 1964. He was a founding member of the Academia de Artes and a member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana .Artistry
<mask> created oils, watercolors, glass, ceramics, enamels, collages, murals, ink drawings, sculpture and even some literature. He was best known for masks and sculptures using various materials such as wire, clay, stone, iron, wood and more. <mask>'s early artistic influence from Stridentism, an artistic and intellectual movement in Mexico in the 1920s of which he was a member. Like many other Strident artists, <mask> rejected traditional values and religious conventions. This usually translated into pieces related to a vision of a future utopia. Later influences included Cubism, Constructivism, Art Deco and later a more primitive look. However, most of this is linked to his time (1927-1932) in Europe, where he was influenced directly by Picasso, Brâncuși, Gargollo and Juan Gris .His artistic vision remained tied to Europe and the abstract art movement taking shape there, which was still very novel for Mexico. This made him the most vanguard sculptor of the first half of the 20th century in Mexico as well as the country's first abstract artist. It also meant that his work as more influential in Europe than in Mexico. One major aspect of his sculptural work is the use of new and unusual materials along with more traditional ones. He created sculptures of bronze, wood, wire, sheet metal, ceramics, enamel on metal, concrete, electrical cable, plastic and more. His aesthetic followed much of Umberto Boccioni's 1912 Manifesto of Futurist Sculpture when said that sculpture should use and combine whatever materials needed to realize a piece. It also emphasized the abstract over the figurative.Much of his experimentation was based on his knowledge of chemistry from his early student days and made him one of the most experimental sculptors in 20th century Mexico. Examples include concrete, electrical cable and wire pieces such as Estela II, Máscara (1948) and El Nahual. The sculpture Napoleón is done in limestone; Diálogo is done in multicolored wood. Another important endeavor for <mask> was the creation of masks, the concept of which also figures in his sculpture and other work. He made masks of papier-mâché, cartonería, ceramic, plaster, wood, metal and wire. Many of these masks were made for use in theatre, with him often returning to creating fantastical faces with innovative designs. References

20th-century Mexican painters
20th-century male artists
Mexican male painters
Mexican muralists
Puppet designers
Mexican puppeteers
People from Mexico City
1883 births
1975 deaths
Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado "La Esmeralda" faculty
20th-century Mexican sculptors

masks:
Germán Cueto
Germán Cueto
Germán Gutiérrez Cueto y Vidal
Javier Gutiérrez Cueto
Germán
Cueto
Lola Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Javier Cueto
Germán
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto
Cueto


texts:
<mask> (born 26 November 1981) is a British singer and songwriter. <mask> released her debut album, Unwritten, in 2004, which contained primarily up-tempo pop songs and was influenced by R&B music. It enjoyed international success with more than 2.3 million copies sold worldwide. <mask> received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for the title track "Unwritten", and at the 2005 and 2006 Brit Awards, she was nominated for Best British Female Artist. Unwritten also produced her only UK number one, "These Words". Her second album, N.B. (2007), yielded the UK top 10 singles "I Wanna Have Your Babies" and "Soulmate".N.B. was not released in North America, but six tracks from it were included with seven new ones and released in 2008 as her third studio album, Pocketful of Sunshine, with the singles "Love Like This" and "Pocketful of Sunshine" earning success on the charts. In December 2010, <mask> released her third album in North America, Strip Me, with the song of the same name charting on the US Billboard Hot 100 at 91. Bedingfield has sold over 10 million albums and 10 million singles worldwide, totalling over 20 million records worldwide. In 2012, VH1 ranked <mask> number 66 on the list of 100 Greatest Women in Music. Early life

When Bedingfield was a teenager, she and her siblings, Daniel and Nikola, formed the dance/electronic group, The DNA Algorithm. The group provided <mask> with the opportunity to explore different musical genres and expand her songwriting abilities.She provided vocals for the group which primarily performed dance-pop music about independence and empowerment, themes that would later be found in her own solo compositions. At age 14, <mask> sang vocals on Origins Refined Intricacy (Steelyard Records). <mask> attended a year at the University of Greenwich, where she studied psychology, then left to concentrate on singing and songwriting. At first, she recorded demos in the garages of friends who had recording studios, which she presented to record companies. Throughout the 1990s and early 2000s, <mask> composed and recorded songs for the Hillsong London Church. Her songs appeared on the live album Shout God's Fame and the children's album Jesus Is My Superhero by Hillsong Music Australia. Career

2003–2006: Early years and Unwritten
 Bedingfield was introduced to Phonogenic founder and A&R Paul Lisberg by the artist's manager Gary Wilson.Lisberg was initially hesitant, later telling HitQuarters: "[They] were good but weren't right for us ... " However, it was when, at a meeting together, Lisberg heard her singing ability and creative vocal ad-libbing first-hand that he became excited by Bedingfield's potential. Label interest was later confirmed when a trial studio session together with writers Steve Kipner and Andrew Frampton produced songs that were in keeping with Lisberg's vision for Phonogenic. Bedingfield signed a recording contract with BMG UK & Ireland, through its imprint Phonogenic Records, in July 2003. Her debut studio album Unwritten was released in September 2004 and featured collaborations with Steve Kipner, Danielle Brisebois, Nick Lachey, James Reilly, Andrew Frampton, Wayne Wilkins, Kara DioGuardi, Guy Chambers, Patrick Leonard and the rapper Bizarre. The album contained uptempo pop-rock songs and influences from R&B music. Bedingfield's lyrics focused on independence, opportunism and female empowerment. Reviews of the album were generally positive, and it was described as a "well-made pop album for the new millennium" by Allmusic.The album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at number one and reached the top thirty in the U.S. It sold well, reaching multi-platinum status in the UK and Gold status in the U.S. The first single released from the album was "Single", which reached number three on the UK Singles Chart. The song's lyrics and accompanying music video depict Bedingfield's single lifestyle. "These Words" was released as the album's second single. The song became <mask>'s first UK number one and US top twenty single. "Unwritten" was released as the album's third single in 2004, the song reached number six on the UK Singles Chart and it also became the most played song on US radio in 2006."I Bruise Easily" was released as the album's fourth single, it did not perform as well as its predecessors but was still a moderate success, reaching number twelve on the UK Singles Chart. At the 2005 Brit Awards, <mask> was nominated for four awards, though did not win any of her nominated categories. She was also nominated for an award at the 2006 Brit Awards, and in 2007, she was nominated for "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" at the 2007 Grammy Awards, though was again unsuccessful in winning in any of her nominated categories. 2007–2008: N.B. and Pocketful of Sunshine

Bedingfield's second album, N.B., was released in Europe in April 2007. The album received mixed reviews by critics and peaked at number nine in the UK. "I Wanna Have Your Babies", the album's lead single, was moderately successful, reaching number seven in the UK, number eight in Ireland and the top fifty in various other markets."Soulmate" was released as the album's second single on 2 July 2007 and also peaked at number seven in the UK. To promote N.B., <mask> embarked on the FutureSex/LoveShow tour in May 2007. On 1 July 2007, <mask> performed "Unwritten" at the Concert for Diana held at Wembley Stadium, London, an event which celebrated the life of Princess Diana almost ten years after her death. The North American version of her second album, titled Pocketful of Sunshine, featured six songs from N.B.. The album was released on 22 January 2008, after the lead single, "Love like This", was released in September 2007 and charted at No. 11 on the Billboard Hot 100. The title track was released as the second single in February 2008 and peaked at No.5 on the Billboard Hot 100. On 18 January 2008, <mask>'s UK tour was cancelled for the second time, one month before it was supposed to start, so she could spend more time promoting her album in the U.S. In August 2008, <mask> and other singers including Beyoncé, Rihanna, Melissa Etheridge, Carrie Underwood, Miley Cyrus, Leona Lewis and Mariah Carey recorded the charity single, "Just Stand Up" produced by Babyface and L.A. Reid, to support "Stand Up to Cancer". On 5 September 2008, the singers performed it live on TV. 2009–2011: Strip Me and Strip Me Away

<mask> stated on her blog that she would start work on her new album in early 2009. She was confirmed to be writing for the new album while on holiday in New Zealand; she said "I'm here for a couple of weeks to do a bit of writing. It is such an inspiring place to write music.I love coming here as often as I can, usually once a year to fuel up on ideas for my next album". She also confirmed she was working with Brian Kennedy, who produced/co-wrote Rihanna's hit single "Disturbia" and was writing songs with him while on tour to have the album released by the end of 2009. <mask> also stated that Wyclef Jean, Sam Sparro and Mike Elizondo would be working on the record. In an interview with IN:DEMAND Producer, Ryan Tedder said: "I'm gonna try and bring <mask> back here in the UK with some quirky, kinda weird stuff". On 18 March <mask> stated on her official site that she was in Los Angeles and she was putting the finishing touches on her album. "Touch", the lead single from the album, was made available as a digital download 18 May 2010. <mask> performed the song on The Ellen DeGeneres Show on 24 May 2010."Touch" was officially sent to US radio stations on 29 June 2010. On 15 July <mask> announced via Twitter that the title of her new album would be Strip Me. The album was originally scheduled for release on 9 November 2010 but was released on 7 December. The second single, also titled "Strip Me", was sent to US radio on 30 August 2010 and it became available as a digital download on 21 September 2010. It was written by <mask>, Ryan Tedder and Wayne Wilkins. The song was selected to head the soundtrack for the 2010 comedy Morning Glory. <mask> appeared on rapper Nicki Minaj's debut album, Pink Friday, on a track called "Last Chance", and on Rascal Flatts' album Nothing Like This on a track called "Easy", released as the album's third single.On New Year's Eve 2010–11, <mask> appeared on Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve. In 2010, <mask> joined forces with Avon as a celebrity judge for Avon Voices, Avon's first-ever global, online singing talent search for women and songwriting competition for men and women. On 6 April 2011, <mask> visited Radio Hamburg and confirmed that the song "Pocketful of Sunshine" (originally the second single from her US album "Pocketful of Sunshine") would be the first European single from the forthcoming European release of Strip Me. The European version of Strip Me will be called Strip Me Away. The lead single "Pocketful of Sunshine" was released on 13 May in Germany. The album "Strip Me Away" will be released in June. <mask> was featured on Simple Plan's new single from their new album Get Your Heart On!, released on 21 June 2011.The song, "Jet Lag" was released on 26 April 2011 as the band's first single from their fourth album. On 5 July, <mask> performed her song "Weightless" from her "Strip Me" album on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Filipino singer Jake Zyrus confirmed that <mask> had written a song for her called "Lighthouse", which is included on her second studio album Infinity. On 9 November 2011, <mask> wowed American audiences when she joined Rascal Flatts to perform "Easy," on the Country Music Awards show on ABC. <mask> has released a Christmas song 'Shake Up Christmas', which has been confirmed to be on the 2011 Coca-Cola Christmas television advertisements. 2012–2017: Other projects

In April 2012, <mask> announced that she was working on her fourth studio album, originally titled The Next Chapter, mentioning her plans to release the album worldwide, not just focusing on America. The album was said to feature production from RedOne, Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco, Paul Williams and Marshall Altman.The Next Chapter was presumably scrapped or shelved, given that it never materialized after that. In September 2012, <mask> was featured on Lifehouse's single "Between the Raindrops". On 13 May 2013, she appeared as a guest judge on the New Zealand version of The X Factor alongside her brother <mask>. In 2013, <mask> composed the music of "Non mi ami", a single by Italian singer-songwriter Giorgia, included on the album Senza Paura. In 2014, <mask> contributed to the soundtrack for the Disney animated film, The Pirate Fairy, with a track titled "Who I Am". On 13 January 2015, <mask> released a charity single with Philosophy Skin

masks:
Natasha Anne Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Daniel Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield


texts:
 Care titled "Hope". With the release of "Hope", <mask> announced via Twitter that she would become more publicly active again, promising "many more music releases to come".The release of the music video for "Hope" followed a day later. Later in 2015, <mask> contributed to Band of Merrymakers' album Welcome to Our Christmas Party and toured with the group in 2015 and 2016. <mask> also collaborated with Belgian record producer Basto during this time. The duo released a single titled "Unicorn" in March 2016. Bedingfield toured Europe in late 2016 with Night of the Proms. In January 2017 it was announced that <mask> would open for Train's 2017 summer concert tour. On 10 March 2017 she appeared on the Soundtrack of Tangled: Before Ever After in the track "More Of Me".2018–present: Roll with Me
<mask> released a new record, "Let Go" with Nestea on 17 March 2018. She signed a record deal with Linda Perry's record label We Are Hear in the same year. Bedingfield co-wrote the song "Black Sky" with Kimbra for her 2018 album Primal Heart. In July 2019, <mask> announced that her fourth studio album and first studio release in nearly nine years, Roll with Me, is scheduled for release on 30 August 2019. Before the announcement, she had released the song "Roller Skate" as the album's lead single on 19 July and was preceded by its second single "Kick It". Philanthropy
<mask> has donated time and money to organisations such as the Global Angels, an international children's charity founded by her mother, <mask>. She became associated with the organisation in 2006 and said she hoped to help "people around the world, particularly children, who live in conditions that would horrify us".<mask> is now an ambassador for Global Angels, and in November 2006 she visited India for three weeks in support of the charity. She visited an orphanage in Kolkata and a refugee camp for former child prostitutes in Mumbai to learn more about the situation and the conditions in these areas. <mask> later expressed her shock at what she had witnessed. Video diaries filmed during her trip were posted on her official website in early 2007. She is also an advocate for Stop the Traffik, a global coalition which works to end human trafficking and a member of the (RED) campaign. In a 2008 rockumentary, Call+Response, headed by Justin Dillon, Bedingfield performed acoustic versions of "Unwritten" and "Soulmate" in support of the film's cause: a movement against modern slavery and human trafficking. Non-musical projects

In 2004, <mask> showed interest in acting and made her debut in the James Bond video game From Russia with Love in November 2005.She voiced the character Elizabeth Stark, the British Prime Minister's daughter who is kidnapped in the opening sequence. <mask> commented that she would like to do more acting, but only if the film "was good enough, and it was a role that [would] fit me." She has made an appearance in the seventh-season finale of the Canadian television series Degrassi: The Next Generation. <mask> also guest-starred on Nickelodeon's mockumentary series The Naked Brothers Band "Christmas Special" alongside Whoopi Goldberg and Leon Thomas III. She has made guest appearances on the NBC series Lipstick Jungle. She guest-starred on Nickelodeon's True Jackson, VP in November 2009. She sang the song "These Words".In 2012, <mask> made an appearance in three episodes of Web Therapys fourth season. In December 2012, VH1 announced that <mask> would perform at their 2012 VH1 Divas show, a concert benefiting the Save The Music Foundation charity. <mask> performed Deee-Lite's "Groove Is in the Heart" with Bootsy Collins and Iggy Azalea. On 22 September 2014, <mask> performed a song titled "Love Song to the Earth" at the United Nations 2014 Equator Prize Gala in New York City. The song is a special anthem she and Toby Gad co-wrote for the United Nations Climate Summit 2014. In 2021, <mask> competed in season six of The Masked Singer as the wild card contestant "Pepper". At one point, Ken Jeong hit the "Take It Off" button when he thought "Pepper" was Sara Bareilles and tried to remove the mask when he was proven wrong only to be intercepted by the men in black.When Beddingfield was eliminated alongside John Lydon as "Jester", she mentioned about her son getting treatment for his medical condition and also the fact that he got to see his mom portraying a contestant who was colored red which is the color he likes. Personal life
On 21 March 2009, <mask> married American businessman Matt Robinson in Malibu, California, US. In November 2017, their son Solomon Dylan was born. Discography

 Unwritten (2004)
 N.B. (2007)
 Strip Me (2010)
 Roll with Me (2019)

Tours
Headlining
Verizon VIP Tour
Less Is More Tour
Roll With Me Tour

Co-headlining
Energy Music Tour
Night of the Proms

Opening act
C'mon C'mon Tour
FutureSex/LoveShow
New Kids on the Block Live
Play That Song Tour

Filmography
Television

Video games

Awards and nominations

Bedingfield's debut album Unwritten contained primarily uptempo pop songs and was influenced by R&B music. It enjoyed international success with over three million copies sold worldwide. In 2007, she received a Grammy Award nomination for "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" for the song "Unwritten", the third single from the album of the same name.<mask>'s second album N.B. yielded the singles "Soulmate"; "Say It Again"; and "I Wanna Have Your Babies", written and produced by <mask>, Wayne Wilkins, Andrew Frampton and Steve Kipner. <mask> has received four nominations from the BRIT Awards but has won none. As of July 2008, she has won five awards from eleven nominations. Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by Billboard. The awards are based on sales data by Nielsen SoundScan and radio information by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.|-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| Pop 100 Airplay Song of the Year
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2008
| rowspan=2|Herself
| Top Hot Dance Club Play Artist
|
|-
| Top Hot Dance Airplay Artist
|

Billboard Touring Awards
Established in 2004, the Billboard Touring Awards is an annual meeting sponsored by Billboard magazine which also honors the top international live entertainment industry artists and professionals. |-
| 2011
| <mask> Less Is More Tour Presented By Freschetta
| Concert Marketing & Promotion Award
|

BRIT Awards
The BRIT Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Bedingfield has received four nominations. |-
|rowspan=4|  ||rowspan=3| <mask> || British Female Solo Artist ||
|-
| British Breakthrough Act ||
|-
| British Pop Act ||
|-
| "These Words" || British Single ||

BT Digital Music Awards
The BT Digital Music Awards honour music distributed digitally by methods such as mobile devices, online downloads and blogging. Bedingfield has won one award. |-
| 2005
| rowspan=3|<mask>
| Best Use of Mobile
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2007 || Artist of the Year ||
|-
| Best Pop Artist ||

Glamour Awards

!Ref. |-
| 2005
| <mask>
| UK Solo Artist
|
|

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.Bedingfield has received one nomination. |-
|  || "Unwritten" || Best Female Pop Vocal Performance ||

Ivor Novello Awards
The Ivor Novello Awards are awarded for songwriting and composing. The awards, named after the Cardiff born entertainer Ivor Novello, are presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA). |-
| 2005
| "These Words"
| Best Song Musically And Lyrically
|

MTV Europe Music Awards
The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Bedingfield has received one nomination. |-
| 2004 || <mask> || Best UK and Ireland act ||

Meteor Music Awards
Launched in 2001, the Meteor Music Awards are awarded for achievements in the Irish and international record industry. |-
| 2005
| Herself
| Best International Female
|

Music Video Production Awards
The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos.|-
| rowspan=3 | 2006
| rowspan=3 | "These Words"
| Best Pop Video
|
|-
| Best Colorist/Telecine
|
|-
| Best Special Effects
|

New Music Awards
The New Music Awards''' are given for excellence in music to both recording artists and radio stations by New Music Weekly magazine. |-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| AC Single of the Year
|
|-
| 2008
| <mask>
| AC Female Artst of the Year
|

People's Choice Awards
The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show recognising the people and the work of popular culture. The show has been held annually since 1975 and is voted on by the general public. |-
| 2009
| "Love Like This" (feat. Sean Kingston)
| Favourite Combined Forces
|

Pop Awards
Pop Magazine is an online music magazine created by Hotspot Entertainment and published by A-Z Publishings. The magazine was launched on April 24, 2014. In 2018, Pop Magazine launched the first annual Pop Awards with 25 nominees across 5 categories.|-
| 2020
| "Roller Skate"
| Song of the Year
|

Radio Disney Music Awards
The Radio Disney Music Awards (RDMA) is an annual awards show which is operated and governed by Radio Disney, an American radio network. Beginning in 2013, the ceremony began to be televised on Disney Channel. |-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| Best Song to Listen to While Getting Ready for School
|

Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party was an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005. Each award winner was voted by readers of the Smash Hits'' magazine. |-
|rowspan=2|2004
| Herself
| Hot New Talent
|
|-
| "These Words"
| Favorite Download
|

TMF Awards
The TMF Awards is an annual television awards show broadcast live on The Music Factory. Bedingfield has received one award. |-
| 2005 || <mask> || Best International New Artist ||

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards were established in 1999 to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television, being voted by young people aged between 13 and 19.|-
| 2006
| <mask>ík Music Awards

!Ref. |-
| 2004
| <mask>
| Best International Surprise
|
|

See also
List of songs written by <mask>

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
English people of New Zealand descent
Alumni of the University of Greenwich
British contemporary R&B singers
English dance musicians
English women singer-songwriters
Hillsong musicians
English expatriates in the United States
English women pop singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English

masks:
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Molly Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfieldř
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield


texts:
<mask>,  (15 December 1902 – 4 July 1965) was a Norwegian army officer, Olympic sport shooter and World Champion. A lawyer by education, Aasnæs was a member of the Norwegian Army during the Second World War, fighting against Nazi Germany. After the war, he participated in numerous national and international shooting championships, including five Olympic Games, and won several World Championship medals. Personal life
<mask> was born in the municipality of Sande in Vestfold, the son of farmers <mask> and Anna Kristine Freberg. On 2 May 1928, he married Kristiania-born Eleanor Chambers Poulsson, with whom he had one child before she died in 1933. In 1936 he married Astrid With, with whom he had two children. Through her, <mask> was a brother-in-law of wartime resistance member and engineer Bror With.He was also a cousin of fellow Olympic sport shooter Håkon <mask>. <mask> died in Oslo in 1965. Career

Early civilian and military career
<mask> graduated from the upper section of the Norwegian Military Academy in 1923, joining the 1st Division with the rank of first lieutenant. He served with the 14th Infantry Regiment, before transferring to the 1st Infantry Regiment in 1924. Having taken a course as an aviation scout at Kjeller Airport in 1925, he was transferred to the reserves in 1930. In civilian life, Aasnæs achieved his examen artium academic certification in 1920, and graduated with a cand.jur. law degree in 1925, which qualified him for work in the superior courts in 1927.After further studies in England, France and Denmark from 1926 to 1927, he was employed as an office manager at the cooperative insurance agency "Felleskontoret for Brandforsikring". 1930s
At the Norwegian national shooting championships, between 1934 and 1960, Aasnæs won a total of 29 gold medals in seven different shooting disciplines. He was also awarded the King's Cup six different years, the first time in 1934. He competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, where he placed ninth in 25 metre rapid fire pistol event. At the 1937 World Championships he won a silver medal in the running deer double shot event, and a bronze medal in the running deer single shot event. Aasnæs was a member of the Norwegian Officers' Pistol Club, the Oslo Sport Shooters and the Hunting Shooter Club. Second World War
Aasnæs was an army officer by profession.Following the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940, he fought in the Norwegian Campaign at Valdres. At the time of the campaign he held the rank of captain. Aasnæs arrived in Valdres on 25 April 1940, and assumed command of Company 7, 2nd Battalion of the 10th Infantry Regiment. The day prior to Aasnæs' arrival, the company had been thrown back from their positions in heavy fighting with advancing German units, losing their commander. After leading the company in heavy fighting for several days, the battalion commander, Major Leonard Sæter, was wounded, and Aasnæs was promoted to command the entire 2nd Battalion on 30 April. As the Norwegian forces' situation became more desperate, Aasnæs and fellow battalion commander, Captain Olav B. Skaathun, agreed to merge the remains of their units in the Vestre Slidre area, in an attempt to continue resistance against the German advance. However, the commander of the Norwegian forces in Valdres, Colonel Gudbrand Østbye, realized his forces were in an unwinnable position, and ordered their capitulation on 1 May 1940.On 3 May 1940, the officers were sent by buses to Oslo, while the non-commissioned officers and men were sent by train to a prisoner-of-war camp at Hvalsmoen. The Norwegian prisoners of war from the Valdres front were released from captivity in groups during May and June 1940, the last officers being released in mid-June. In 1941 <mask> made his way to the United Kingdom and joined the exiled Norwegian forces there, initially assuming command of a company of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland. In 1942 he was promoted to the rank of major. One of his former soldiers would later describe Aasnæs as "... a strict but good company commander." From February to August 1944 he served as chief of staff of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland. During his time in exile, Aasnæs was involved in several conflicts with other exiled Norwegians.In addition to repeatedly criticising the Norwegian government in exile, he was one of a very few officers to criticise the exiled army's first commander, General Carl Gustav Fleischer, whom Aasnæs described as "... tired and worn by all the difficulties in the first time in England ...," and "... at the moment not fully able to build a Norwegian army in the United Kingdom ...." In the last months of the war, Aasnæs was angered by the Norwegian authorities decision to retain the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland, rather than deploy it to the front during the final battles against Germany. The Minister of Foreign Affairs during much of the period in exile, Trygve Lie, later described Aasnæs as "... a right-minded, somewhat conservative man ...." Lie also stated that Aasnæs was "honest", and "... a true patriot who saw it as his obligation to speak out." Post war
Having left the army that year, Aasnæs became the World Champion in the individual 100 metre running deer double shot event in 1947. He was also part of the Norwegian team that won a silver medal in the running deer double shot event, and bronze medal in the running deer single shot event. At the 1949 World Championships, he won a gold medal with the Norwegian team in the running deer combined event. In 1952, he won two team gold medals at the World Championships, in the running deer single shot and double shot events. At the 1954 World Championships he won a bronze medal in Olympic trap.He competed in five Olympic Games, with a 5th place in trap at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome as best result. Honours and awards
In addition to his numerous shooting awards and medals, <mask> was awarded the Norwegian Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, and was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his wartime service. References

External links

1902 births
1965 deaths
People from Sande, Vestfold
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian expatriates in England
Norwegian expatriates in France
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
Norwegian male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters of Norway
Shooters at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Norwegian prisoners of war in World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Officers of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Hans Alfred Aasnæs
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Aasnæs