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<mask> (December 22, 1885 – July 3, 1966) was an American music critic, composer, and promoter of classical music. Nat Benchley, co-editor of The Lost Algonquin Roundtable, referred to him as "the dean of American music." Early life and family
<mask> was born in New York City to JoJo and <mask>. He attended Ethical Culture Elementary School, followed by New York University. <mask> married three times. His first wife was Jane Anderson. They were married in 1910, but divorced in 1918.In 1921, he married Mary Kennedy, who was an actress and a writer. They had a daughter, Joan Kennedy <mask>, in 1926, and divorced in 1934. He was involved romantically with soprano Colette D'Arville after his divorce. <mask> married a third and last time in 1945, to costume designer Lucille Watson-Little. They were divorced eight years later. Career

Composer

<mask> initially planned to become an architect; however, despite minimal musical training he soon took to music composition. The result was a series of works for orchestra and/or voices.In 1916 he wrote the cantata The Chambered Nautilus, followed by Through the Looking-Glass (for orchestra) in 1918, earning him public praise and recognition. He acquired several students, including composer Mary Watson Weaver. In 1919, <mask> gave a series of lectures on music history in Denver, Colorado. In 1921 <mask> secured a job as music critic for the New York World, a post he held when approached by the Metropolitan Opera to suggest a composer to write a new opera. He put forth his own name, and was accepted, the result being The King's Henchman, with the libretto by Edna St. Vincent Millay. Peter Ibbetson followed in 1929. <mask>'s compositions were met with great initial enthusiasm.The number of Metropolitan Opera performances for The King’s Henchman and Peter Ibbetson is greater than any opera of any other American composer, and he had as many large-scale works published as any of his American-born contemporaries. <mask>'s music is often witty, always deftly formed, well-timed, and entertaining. The basic style of even his later works is academically post-Romantic, resisting any influence of progressive trends except perhaps in orchestration. This conservatism, lacking sharp individual profile or sense of deep conviction, may help to explain the initial enthusiastic acceptance of <mask>’s work but may also explain the fact that his music was virtually forgotten soon afterward. Music commentator
<mask> was a promoter of classical music throughout his life. His journalism career included posts as music critic for the New York World beginning in 1921, and editor of Musical America from 1927 to 1929. <mask> also worked extensively in broadcasting, and as intermission commentator for the New York Philharmonic.He appeared in Walt Disney's 1940 film Fantasia as the film's Master of Ceremonies, and was instrumental in selecting the musical pieces that were used in the film, including the then-controversial Sacre du Printemps. In the long-unseen roadshow version of Fantasia, issued on DVD in 2000, and re-released on the 2010 Fantasia/Fantasia 2000 Blu-ray release, all of <mask>'s voice-over work was re-recorded by veteran voice artist Corey Burton. The complete film was originally 124 minutes long, due almost entirely to the fact that <mask>'s commentaries were more detailed in the roadshow version. But the original audio elements for these longer commentaries had deteriorated to the point that they could no longer be used, so Corey Burton was selected to re-record all of the dialogue for consistency. The general release version of Fantasia, running 120 minutes, is the version most audiences are familiar with. In that version, <mask>'s commentaries were severely abridged. The same year, 1940, he served the same role as Master of Ceremonies for the classical portion of a "Carousel of American Music", a famous concert series held in San Francisco on September 24.The concert had Irving Berlin, George M. Cohan, Jerome Kern, Hoagy Carmichael, WC Handy, Johnny Mercer – and many more of America's top songwriting talents performing their own compositions. (The original release was titled "Cavalcade of American Music" and includes a performance of <mask>'s own work "Circus Day".) The recording was added to the National Recording Registry in 2016. He provided the commentary of the technical story behind the recording of actual cannon fire and carillon for the famous 1954 Mercury Records album, by Antal Dorati and the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra,  of Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture—still one of the most highly regarded recordings of that piece, and the best-selling classical LP of the 1950s. <mask> also recorded commentary for other Mercury recordings: Benjamin Britten's The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra; the 1958 stereophonic re-make of the 1812 Overture and Frederick Fennell's ground-breaking two-album "The Civil War," which featured original music played on period instruments and sound-montages, narrated by <mask>, of period weaponry and music. He was also a frequent guest on the radio quiz program Information Please. <mask>'s work as a broadcaster, critic, and commentator ultimately overshadowed his work as a composer.He hosted and narrated several television music series and documentaries. In the early 1950s, he was also a repeat panelist on the NBC game show, Who Said That?, and he was a repeat panelist on What's My Line?. <mask> was also a friend of the Algonquin Round Table, a group of writers, actors and critics that met almost daily from 1919–1929 at Manhattan's Algonquin Hotel. He briefly dated Dorothy Parker. In the 1994 film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle, <mask> was portrayed by the actor James LeGros. <mask>'s other personal friendships ranged from composers George Gershwin, Vincent Youmans and Jerome Kern to novelists F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ayn Rand. Deems <mask> Award
<mask> was the third president of ASCAP, and held the post for six years.The ASCAP Deems Taylor Awards were established in 1967 to honor his memory. The Deems Taylor Award "recognizes books, articles, broadcasts and websites on the subject of music selected for their excellence." List of compositions

Other compositions

 Lucrece, Suite for Strings
 Casanova, Ballet music
 Circus Day – Eight Pictures from Memory, orchestral suite
 Ramuntcho, Ballet music
 Processional for Chorus and Orchestra

Notes

References

Further reading
 Brody, Elaine. 1977. "The King's Henchman: Fifty Years Later". Notes: Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 34, no. 2:319–22.Marshall, Jennifer. 1979. "The American Opera Libretto in the 20th Century". Miscellanea Musicologica: Adelaide Studies in Musicology 10:131–57. Mehrens, Christopher Emile. 1998. "The Critical and Musical Work of <mask> <mask> in Light of Contemporary Cultural Patterns".PhD diss. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. .
 Tawa, Nicholas E. 1994. Mainstream Music of Early Twentieth-century America: The Composers, Their Times, and Their Works. Contributions to the Study of Music and Dance 28. Westport, CT: Greenwood. External links

 Algonquin Round Table online history
"Jurgen - Symphonic Poem and Ballet" (composed by <mask> <mask>), James Branch Cabell: Literary Life and Legacy, Virginia Commonwealth University Libraries
 Deems <mask> at usopera.com

1885 births
1966 deaths
American classical composers
American male classical composers
American music critics
American opera composers
Burials at Kensico Cemetery
Classical music radio people
Musicians from New York City
New York Herald Tribune people
New York University alumni
Classical musicians from New York (state)
Algonquin Round Table
20th-century American male musicians

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<mask> (born 25 March 1976) is a South African politician who has served as the leader of the Opposition since October 2019 and has been the federal leader of the Democratic Alliance since November 2020, having served as the interim leader for one year from November 2019. He was chief whip of the official opposition from May 2014 until October 2019. Ideologically, <mask> has been described as a liberal, a supporter of non-racialism and a firm believer in racial equality. Born in Durban, he matriculated from  Northwood Boys' High School. <mask> joined the Democratic Party and was elected to the Durban City Council in 1999 as the councillor for Durban North. In 2000, the Democratic Alliance was formed, and he was elected as a councillor of the newly formed eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality in that year's municipal election. He was appointed as the DA's caucus leader in 2006.After the 2009 elections, he became a member of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature and was appointed the DA's caucus leader. Soon after, <mask> was elected as the party's KwaZulu-Natal provincial leader, a position he held until he resigned in October 2010, amid an extramarital affair. He joined the National Assembly in July 2011, and he became the Shadow Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs in February 2012 following his appointment by Lindiwe Mazibuko. In 2014, <mask> was appointed Chief Whip of the Official Opposition by Mmusi Maimane, the newly elected DA Parliamentary Leader and Leader of the Official Opposition. He served as Chief Whip until October 2019, when Maimane resigned as the official opposition leader and party leader. Shortly afterwards, <mask> was elected unopposed to replace him as the Leader of the Opposition. In November 2019, he was elected interim leader of the DA, after he defeated Makashule Gana, a DA MPL in Gauteng.A year later, he was elected leader for a full term at the party's Federal Congress, defeating Mbali Ntuli, a DA MPL from KwaZulu-Natal. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Durban and matriculated from Northwood Boys' High School, an English-medium high school in Durban, in 1993. He went on to study a course in political science at the London School of Economics and Political Science, but has never obtained a university degree. He once told Parliament that he had enrolled for a bachelor's degree in politics and law at the University of South Africa in 1994, but he could not finish the course due to work and financial circumstances. Political career
<mask> started as an ordinary Democratic Party (predecessor to the Democratic Alliance) activist before he became a branch member. At the age of 22 in 1999, <mask> was elected to the then Durban City Council as the DP councillor for Durban North. He was the youngest municipal councillor at that time.At the 2000 municipal election, the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality was formed and <mask> was elected as a councillor for the newly established DA. He continued to serve as an ordinary councillor until his appointment as the DA's caucus leader in 2006. In that same year, he was assigned to serve on the city's Executive Committee. <mask> was elected to the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature in the 2009 general election. The incoming DA caucus elected him as leader, replacing party veteran, Roger Burrows. At the inaugural sitting, he challenged Zweli Mkhize of the African National Congress for the post of premier, but lost after he received 7 votes compared to Mkhize's 68 votes. He was elected as the KwaZulu-Natal provincial leader of the Democratic Alliance at the party's Provincial Congress held later that same year.<mask> held this position until 24 October 2010, after he announced on 18 October his intention to resign amid the disclosure of an extramarital affair. <mask> continued to serve as an MPL and the DA's caucus leader until his move to the National Assembly.<mask> joined the National Assembly on 19 July 2011 by replacing Mark Steele, a DA MP who, in turn, assumed <mask>'s seat in the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature. In February 2012, <mask> was appointed by Lindiwe Mazibuko as Shadow Minister of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs. He is currently a member of the Rules Committee. He had previously served as a member of the Joint Standing Committee on the Financial Management. In 2012, he declared his candidacy for deputy chairperson of the DA Federal Council. He lost to Thomas Walters at the party's Federal Congress.<mask> was appointed as chief whip of the DA parliamentary caucus by Mmusi Maimane on 29 May 2014. He was reappointed to the post in May 2019. <mask> has delivered many speeches to Parliament that have been noted for their incisive criticism of African National Congress (ANC) leadership, including previous South African President Jacob Zuma. Leadership of the Democratic Alliance

Leadership election
Mmusi Maimane resigned as both Federal Leader and Parliamentary Leader of the DA in October 2019, causing <mask> to lose the position of chief whip. <mask>'s deputy, Jacques Julius, then served as acting chief whip. <mask> declared his candidacy to succeed Maimane as parliamentary leader and was elected unopposed on 27 October 2019. He formally announced on 28 October that he would run for federal leader of the party.Steenhuisen appointed Natasha Mazzone as the new chief whip of the DA parliamentary caucus on 31 October. He was elected interim leader of the party on 17 November, defeating Gauteng MPL Makashule Gana. Tenure
In the early days of <mask>'s leadership, the party lost control of the City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in December 2019. In August 2016, then-DA leader Maimane formed an informal alliance with the Economic Freedom Fighters to secure control of several hung municipalities, including Johannesburg with Herman Mashaba of the DA as the city's mayor. Mashaba resigned as mayor in October 2019 and left office in November. A vacancy was therefore created. DA Federal Council Chairwoman Helen Zille and Steenhuisen both opposed a coalition agreement with the EFF.On 4 December, the ANC regained control of the City of Johannesburg. Previous DA coalition partners and a few DA councillors voted for the ANC candidate, Geoff Makhubo. On 15 February 2020, he declared his intention to seek a full-term as Federal Leader of the DA at the Hellenic Community Centre in Mouille Point, Cape Town. The party was scheduled to elect its new leadership at its Federal Congress in May 2020 but this was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, <mask> suspended all campaign activities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the DA launched a coronavirus information channel. On 8 May 2020, <mask> delivered a speech in which he called for the national lockdown to be ended.Steenhuisen called the lockdown “destructive” and said, “there is no longer a justification to keep this hard lockdown in place.” He also said that the DA had written to the International Monetary Fund and filed a PAIA complaint to obtain the minutes of the National Command Council's decision to retain the tobacco ban. Also in May 2020, the DA's Federal Council, the second-highest decision-making body, resolved to hold the conference virtually between 31 October and 1 November, a move which some critics denounced as being favourable to <mask> Mbali Ntuli for the position. As the campaign progressed, he received endorsements from prominent party members, including Western Cape provincial leader Bonginkosi Madikizela and interim federal chairperson Ivan Meyer. On 1 November 2020, <mask> was announced as the new leader of the party. On 3 November 2020, <mask> attended the launch of the African Formosa Club, an African inter-parliamentarian organization established to support the Republic of China in their respective governments. On 5 December 2020, <mask> announced his Shadow Cabinet.The majority of the positions remained unchanged, with Geordin Hill-Lewis remaining at Finance, Andrew Whitfield at Police and Siviwe Gwarube at Health. He removed Phumzile van Damme as Shadow Minister of Communications and replaced her with Zakhele Mbhele. He also granted Van Damme a health-related sabbatical until March 2021. She subsequently accused Steenhuisen of trying to use her health sideline her, as her sick leave was due to end on 15 December 2020, and she was in good health. She described the sabbatical as "unsolicited" as it was not based on her health but rather <mask>’s intention to sideline her despite being a top performing MP. It was claimed that she was being sidelined because she had not supported Steenhuisen candidature as leader of the party The DA disputed Van Damme's accusation, but she vehemently insisted that Steenhuisen had instructed her to cease all her parliamentary duties and go on an unsolicited sabbatical. She further added that she saw the decision to place her on the unsolicited sabbatical as also an attempt to control her life and body.Steenhuisen then claimed he had made the sabbatical optional and Van Damme could continue with her parliamentary duties. Van Damme again disputed this and insisted the sabbatical was not made optional and that she was directed by Steenhuisen to cease all her parliamentary duties while on a 3-month sabbatical. She later said she would abide by his instruction, go on sabbatical while legally challenging what she saw as an abuse of power by Steenhuisen. On 12 February 2021, Van Damme announced that her disagreement with Steenhuisen regarding her sabbatical had been resolved and she would return to work, focusing on digital technologies. She later resigned as a DA MP in May 2021, citing a clique of individuals. In late June 2021, the Constitutional Court of South Africa sentenced former president Jacob Zuma to 15 months imprisonment for contempt of court. <mask> welcomed his sentencing, saying it vindicated the DA.Amid the unrest that followed Zuma's incarceration in July 2021, <mask> called on police to dispatch resources from other provinces to riot hot spots in Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal. He said that the DA would be laying charges against Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) leader Julius Malema and Zuma's children, Duduzane and Duduzile for inciting violence on social media. 2021 municipal elections
<mask> led the Democratic Alliance into the 2021 municipal elections. He said in an interview with News24 in September 2021: "The DA's core message in this election is not about the ANC. It's about the DA. We are going to be talking with South Africans about what we have to offer. Not just a critique of the ANC, but say, 'The DA gets things done'."On 25 September 2021, <mask> released the DA's election manifesto. He said that the manifesto was a blueprint for “a local government that works". Throughout the campaign, <mask> warned that voting for smaller parties could aid and abet the ANC and EFF and said that some smaller parties are not interested in taking on the ANC, only the DA. The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) called the DA 'arrogant' over its election messages which discouraged voters from voting for smaller political parties. In early-October 2021, the DA put up controversial election placards in the majority Indian suburb of Phoenix in KwaZulu-Natal which read: "The ANC called you racists. The DA called you heroes." During the riots and looting that affected the province in July 2021, residents of Phoenix formed armed citizen vigilantes to protect the community due to the lack of police response.Violent clashes occurred between residents and black people from close townships like Inanda resulted in the deaths of 36 people and increased racial tensions between Black and Indian South Africans. The posters were denounced by several political parties and the DA was accused of exploiting fear and deepening divisions for electoral gain. Steenhuisen defended the posters and said that the party would not apologise for putting them up. The party later apologised for the posters and began removing them. In the municipal elections of 1 November 2021, the DA's electoral support declined. The party had won 1,396 municipal seats, outright control of 11 municipalities and was the leading party in 23 municipalities. The party had lost 386 seats and outright control of 8 municipalities.Despite the party's decline, the party did win control of the uMngeni Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, making it the first DA-run municipality in the province. In several municipalities and large metropolitan municipalities, no party won an outright majority. The party then held coalition discussions with ActionSA, the Freedom Front Plus, the African Christian Democratic Party and several other political parties. Coalition talks nearly collapsed after the party refused to vote for Herman Mashaba, former DA mayor of Johannesburg and ActionSA president, to become mayor of Johannesburg again. On 22 November 2021, the DA gained back control of the City of Johannesburg and gained control of the City of Ekurhuleni for the first time after ActionSA president Mashaba convinced the Economic Freedom Fighters leadership to vote for the DA mayoral candidates. Coalition talks then resumed and the DA and its coalition partners signed an agreement to govern several municipalities on 16 December 2021. Personal life
He currently resides in Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal and is a supporter of the Sharks rugby union team and AmaZulu F.C.football club. <mask> was married for 10 years to <mask> (née Wright), a fellow Durban native. They were divorced in October 2010 after <mask>'s long term infidelity came to light. <mask> resigned as the Provincial Leader of Kwazulu-Natal, and swapped his place in Kwazulu-Natal Legislature to become an MP. <mask> has two daughters from his first marriage. He is now married to Terry, and they have a daughter together. He is fluent in both English and Afrikaans.References

External links

  Mr <mask> <mask> – Parliament of South Africa
 <mask> Federal Leader – Democratic Alliance

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Living people
Democratic Alliance (South Africa) politicians
Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
1976 births
People from Durban
Members of the KwaZulu-Natal Legislature
Alumni of Northwood School, Durban
White South African people
South African people of Dutch descent
People from KwaZulu-Natal

masks:
John Henry Steenhuisen
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<mask> (March 5, 1923 – November 15, 2003) was an American businessman, Wall Street investor and billionaire. He was the CEO of CBS television network from 1986 to 1995. With his brother <mask>, he was part owner of Loews Corporation. Early life and career
<mask> was born March 5, 1923, in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Sadye (née Brenner) and <mask>. His father's parents had emigrated from Ukraine and his mother's parents from Poland. He was of Jewish descent. His father, a former All-American basketball player at the City University of New York, owned a garment factory as well as two summer camps which his wife helped him run.He graduated from New York University when he was just 18 and received a Penn Wharton MBA in industrial management by 20. In 1946, he made his first investment, purchasing a 300-room winter resort in Lakewood, New Jersey with $125,000 in seed money (roughly equivalent to $1.5 million at 2012 prices) from his parents. Two years later, his brother Bob joined him in the business, launching a lifelong partnership between the pair with Larry handling financial matters and Bob the overall management. Their first hotel was very successful and over the next decade, the <mask> brothers bought a dozen hotels in Atlantic City and the Catskills. Career at Loews
In 1960, using the proceeds from their hotel empire, Tisch gained control of Loews Theaters, one of the largest movie house chains at the time, with Bob and Larry serving as co-chairmen of the company. They were attracted to Loews by its underlying real estate assets which they believed were undervalued. They were correct in this assumption and would later tear down many of the centrally located old theaters to build apartments and hotels reaping millions in profits.The pair soon diversified the business, successfully venturing into a variety of areas. In 1968, Loews acquired Lorillard, the 5th largest tobacco company in the United States at the time, which owned the popular brands Kent, Newport and True. In 1974, they purchased a controlling interest in the nearly bankrupt insurance company, CNA Financial Corporation. This too was very successful and several years later it held an A+ credit rating. They also purchased the Bulova Watch Company. Through acquisitions, Tisch built Loews' into a highly profitable conglomerate (with 14 hotels, 67 movie theaters, CNA Financial, Bulova, and Lorillard) with revenues increasing from $100 million in 1970 to more than $3 billion in 1980. In 2002, the year before <mask>'s death, the corporation had revenues of more than $17 billion and assets of more than $70 billion.Career at CBS
In 1986, CBS Inc. was the target of several hostile takeover attempts by the likes of Ted Turner, Marvin Davis, and Ivan Boesky. <mask> was invited by CBS to invest in the company so as to help stop the hostile advances. <mask> spent $750 million for a 24.9% stake in CBS and a seat on the board. Later, with the support of company patriarch William S. Paley, he was named the company's president and CEO. The Tisch era at CBS was marked by relentless cost-cutting: <mask> fired 230 out of 1,200 news employees and cut $30 million from the news division's budget. CBS divested itself of non-broadcast assets. In 1986, he sold the book publisher Holt, Rinehart and Winston to Harcourt Brace Jovanovich for $500 million; in 1987, he sold the CBS magazine division to Diamandis Communications; and also in 1987, he sold the CBS Music Group, the 2nd largest record company in the world at the time, to Sony for $2 billion.Westinghouse Electric bought CBS in 1995 for an estimated $5.4 billion, of which <mask>'s ownership netted him $2 billion. Although <mask>'s decade long tenure at CBS was marked by a 15% annual increase in the value of its stock, CBS remained in third place out of the big three national networks. <mask> was criticized for not understanding the broadcast business, not diversifying the business after selling its non-broadcast assets, and poor performance of CBS relative to its peers. John Gutfreund, CEO of Salomon Brothers compared him with Bill Paley, the founder of CBS: "Bill had a vision for the industry, for Larry, it is a business." Philanthropy

<mask> made major donations to the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York University, the NYU Medical Center and the Wildlife Conservation Society. A $4.5 million gift created the Tisch Children's Zoo in Central Park. From 1978 to 1998, <mask> served as chairman of the board of trustees at New York University overseeing a $1 billion capital campaign and major improvements in the university.<mask> was also a former president of the United Jewish Appeal of New York. NYU's Tisch School of the Arts is named in honor of him and his brother Bob, who donated the funds necessary to buy a building for the school. <mask>'s donations also provided funding for a professorship in law, which was established in 2010 and is held by noted legal scholar Richard Epstein. There is additionally a Tisch Hall at the Stern School of Business and a Tisch Hospital at the NYU Medical Center. The professorship for history and economics in Harvard University is named after him in recognition of his philanthropy to the school. The current <mask>. <mask> professor is Niall Ferguson, a Scottish economic historian. <mask> married Wilma "Billie" Stein in 1948; they had four sons:
Andrew H. <mask>
Daniel R. <mask> – runs a family fund, Mentor Partners, and sits on the New York University board.He is the father of <mask>. James S<mask>
Thomas Jonah Tisch – Works as a partner at FLF Associates, a private investment group in New York City. In 1985, he married Helen Vivian Scovell. All four boys went to Suffield Academy in Suffield, Connecticut. Death
<mask> died of gastroesophageal cancer, aged 80, in 2003. He was interred at Westchester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. His death preceded that of his brother, Robert, by exactly two years.References

External links
TV Museum archive
Tisch obit in USA Today

1923 births
2003 deaths
American billionaires
American mass media owners
Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania alumni
New York University Stern School of Business alumni
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Jewish American philanthropists
Philanthropists from New York (state)
People from Brooklyn
<mask>isch
CBS executives
CBS chief executive officers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Burials at Westchester Hills Cemetery
American real estate businesspeople

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Ihakara Te Tuku Rapana  (8 November 1886 – 21 June 1968), commonly known as <mask>, was a New Zealand sportsman, businessman, orator and member for the Māori Anglican Church. A champion sheep shearer and professional wrestler, he was the first national heavyweight champion recognised by the National Wrestling Association and successfully defended the title against some of the top stars of the Gold Dust Trio-era, most notably, Stanislaus Zbyszko in 1926. Over 40 years after his death, he was ranked No. 7 in a top ten list of New Zealand's greatest wrestlers by Fight Times Magazine in 2009. As a lay reader of the Anglican church he was closely associated with many prominent members of the clergy, such as Bishop Frederick Bennett, and other notable figures as Te Puea Herangi and Sir Turi Carroll. He was also an elder of the Ngāti Kahungunu and especially active in charity work and philanthropy on behalf of the Māori people. His efforts were recognized and was awarded the Order of the British Empire.Early life
Ihakara Te Tuku Rapana was born in Wairoa, New Zealand, on 8 November 1886. He was the second of four children born to Ihakara Rapana, a member of the Ngāti Raukawa, and Riripeti Te Aue Roberts (or McRobert). His mother was of Scottish and Ngāti Kahungunu descent. Shortly after his birth, <mask>'s family moved to Kohupatiki where he lived for the rest of his life. Although he received a primary education, <mask> left school at age 15 to become a chauffeur and mechanic for Napier businessman George Donnelly. A year later, he joined his father as a shearer for the Chambers family at Te Mata station, then one of the biggest sheep stations in Hawke's Bay, as well as other various duties. He began shearing sheep at 20 years old and had a highest daily tally of 150 sheep in his first year.He increased this to 200 a year later and, in his third year, he achieved the title of 'gun-shearer' with a 300 tally. He increased this to 343. <mask> eventually left Te Mata to find work for other shearing contractors and travelled as far as Wanganui and Turakina for employment. While at Mangaohane station in Taihape, he reached his highest personal tally, setting a record of 358 sheep in 8 hours 20 minutes. <mask> also regularly competed in the Hawke's Bay Agricultural and Pastoral Society shows. In his best year in the competition, he won seven firsts, three seconds and one third in different shearing events. <mask> soon became a shearing contractor and his gangs were highly sought after by stations throughout Hawke's Bay, Wairarapa and Wellington.He eventually became the biggest contractor in Hawke's Bay and, at the peak of his success, <mask> employed over 100 workers for both shearing and general farm work. He was able to offer work and accommodation to young homeless Māori, and worked with social welfare agencies in Napier and Hastings. The freezing works at Whakatu and Tomoana caused <mask>'s shearing contracts to decline as many of his men left his gang and chose to find work independently rather than as a contract worker. Entry into the Anglican church
Deeply religious, <mask> became a lay reader in the Anglican church in 1911 and served in this position for nearly 60 years. He was a friend and close adviser to the first two Māori bishops appointed to the Anglican Church, and served under other prominent members of the Māori clergy. He was often called to deputise for ministers who were unexpectedly needed to perform other services. If a minister arrived late, the service was restarted upon his arrival.<mask> would also host hourly evening services at his home. According to one popular story, <mask> was once "so absorbed in his preaching that he failed to notice that the congregation comprised only his dog, Hui Toopu." His personal contributions to the church are credited for the successful careers of many church hui. <mask> regularly provided donations of meat, vegetables, transportation and other services to the Māori Anglican Church. He also accompanied his personal friend, Bishop Frederick Bennett, throughout New Zealand as a supporter of his ministry. As a foundation member of the Heretaunga Māori Choir, <mask> also accompanied the group throughout the North Island where they regularly performed at the choral competitions accompanying major hui. He attempted to enlist in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force during the First World War but, in spite of his physical prowess, was rejected by the New Zealand Army due to flat feet.This was one of the biggest disappointments in his life. He had two children with his first wife, Mata Kato, prior to her death in 1917; both children died in infancy. A year later, <mask> married Mei Pere at Kohupatiki on 27 May 1918. Pere owned her own shearing gangs which working on the eastern coastal stations around Haumoana, Clifton and inland towards Taihape. They had five sons and one daughter together. <mask> also had a son from an earlier relationship with Mare Hape, who was raised in Dannevirke, and had two adopted sons as well. Professional wrestling career

Athletic and amateur career
A noted sportsman as a young man, <mask> was "a keen competitor at Caledonian sports days".At one competition in Napier he participated in the shot-put, hammer throw, caber toss, high jump, tug of war and two styles of wrestling. He won many of the events and collected £26 in prize money. He especially began to excel in wrestling and, after winning the North Island catch-as-catch-can wrestling championship at the Taihape Caledonian games on 24 January 1924, he decided to turn professional later that year. New Zealand and Australasia champion
<mask>, with his powerful strength and "wire and whipcord" build, was easily able to dominate his opponents. His earliest professional match was against the Indian wrestler M. A. Sunni at the Municipal Theatre in Napier on 3 May 1924, whom he defeated in two falls within 15 minutes. In August, he defeated the South Island champion and was from then on regarded as the best wrestler in all of New Zealand. Also during that year, <mask> wrestled World Light Heavyweight Champion Walter Miller in the earliest-known outdoor wrestling match in New Zealand.The event, held by the Hawkes Bay Wrestling Association, attracted a crowd of 12,000 among whom included then Governor-General Sir Charles Furgusson. At the end of the season, <mask> suffered a serious shoulder injury in a title defence against M. A. Sunni. The match lasted for two hours before scoring the pinfall at around midnight. Although he retained the title, and won the £1400 purse, doctors prohibited him from wrestling for at least one month. On 16 March 1925, he defeated Sunni in two straight falls in Auckland to win the NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship, and a £750 purse, becoming the first champion officially recognised by the National Wrestling Alliance. Four months later, accompanied by former Scottish heavyweight champion and manager Alec Bain, <mask> travelled to Australia with Sunni and Japanese wrestler Koraeda where he defended the national heavyweight title in a rematch against the Walter Miller. A side wager was made for £500.In October 1925, he defeated Walter on points in a six-round contest in Hastings for the NWA Australasian Heavyweight Championship. That year, he was also on the first wrestling event ever held in Brisbane Stadium where <mask> defeated Peter Limutkin. He would successfully defend the national title against local and foreign wrestlers for over a year until his retirement in 1926. Prior to his retirement, he defeated Clarence Weber in a Best 2 out of 3 Falls match for the NWA Australasian Heavyweight Championship in Melbourne. Upon returning to Napier, he was apparently awarded a gold medal in recognition of his victory. <mask> became so popular in the country that a patented wire-strainer for fencing, the "Ike Grip", was named after him. Bout with Stanislaus Zbyszko

In the final months of his career, <mask> wrestled Polish-American wrestler Stanislaus Zbyszko at Auckland Town Hall on three occasions; over 1,000 people where turned away from the sold-out Town Hall during their bout on 22 June 1926.Although Zbyszko was billed as the World Heavyweight Champion, he had lost the title to Joe Stecher the previous year. According to one account by the New Zealand Railways Magazine, one of their matches lasted for several hours before ending in a time limit draw which had "gone on for many weary hours and when midnight Saturday chimed and Sunday commenced the match had to cease". Zbyszko later praised <mask>'s wrestling abilities claiming that few wrestlers could equal <mask> for strength and that "with proper training for two months or so, he would be a world-beater". Brief comeback and retirement
<mask> chose to compete in his home country, however, because there were so few local professionals active at the time it was difficult to earn a living and he decided to retire. The national title would remain vacant for three years until Tom Alley won the title shortly before of the founding of the Dominion Wrestling Union. He briefly came out of retirement to compete for the Wellington Wrestling Association in 1930, refereeing some preliminary amateur bouts at the Wellington Town Hall, and visiting American wrestler Ed "Strangler" Lewis expressed interest in wrestling <mask> for the NWA Australasian title. By 1932, <mask> was in full training in preparation for a comeback and, after a six-year absence, had his first return bout against Finnish wrestler Peter Limutkin at the Wellington Town Hall on 18 July 1932.Although he was awarded the victory, <mask>'s in-ring performance was considered disappointing. The Evening Post noted "Against Peter Limutkin he did not show anything which would give hope of his performing creditably against a visiting wrestler approaching his own weight. <mask> certainly won, but that was all, and the match can best be written down as just another effort on the part of the [Dominion] Wrestling Union to give a local man a chance to prove his worth". As the season went on, his later bouts were more favourably reviewed. His 21 July match against younger Māori wrestler Toa Kaha, for example, went to the full four rounds amazing the audience "at the endurance shown by both Native giants". On 16 September 1932, <mask>'s match against Abe Kaplin went to a time limit draw and was called by The Evening Post as "one of the best wrestling matches seen at Hastings". The following year he wrestled American wrestler Harry Mamos in Napier on 28 June 1933, which ended in a draw.Throughout the 1933 season, he challenged George Walker for the NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship and was considered a top contender for the title, along with Harry Mamos and Rumberg, by the end of the year. He and Billy Meeske were reportedly in line to challenge George Walker for the NWA British Empire/Commonwealth Championship during the summer of 1935. The 49-year-old <mask>, however, was now nearing middle age and in the midst of a changing business decided to retire. His nephew, Keita Meretana, also became a noted amateur and professional wrestler during the 1950s. Long after his retirement, wrestlers visiting from overseas would often stop by <mask>'s home to pay their respects. Over 40 years after his death, he was ranked No. 7 in a top ten list of New Zealand's greatest wrestlers by Fight Times Magazine in 2009.Later years
<mask> returned to Anglican service following his retirement. He also became active in politics, being involved with the Labour Party, and corresponded with a number of government figures, including governors general and prime ministers, as well as president of New Zealand Māori Council Sir Turi Carroll, a close and lifelong friend. He was familiar with Māori leaders, such as Te Puea Herangi, and met with royalty as a representative of the Māori people of Hawke's Bay. His lifelong activities in charity work and philanthropy were partly influenced by Sir Āpirana Ngata and the Young Māori Party, and his hometown of Kohupatiki was described as "a home away from home for the boys of Te Aute College and the girls of Hukarere". His granddaughter, Maisie, was chosen as the model for the statue of Pania which now adorns Napier's Marine Parade. In the 1950 New Year Honours, <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire for social welfare services to Māori, particularly in the Church of England sphere. As an elder of the Ngāti Kahungunu, he frequently appeared as an orator at tribal ceremonial events throughout his life, even when afflicted by severe rheumatism and arthritis in his old age.His condition grew so severe that he eventually became bed-ridden and, on one occasion, had to be carried out of his home by one of his grandsons when his bedroom caught fire. <mask> died at Kohupatiki on 21 June 1968, survived by his wife, three (or six) sons and a daughter. Following his death, the people of Kohupatiki honoured <mask> with the song, Tuku whakarererere, in his name. Championships and accomplishments
National Wrestling Association
NWA Australasian Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA New Zealand Heavyweight Championship (1 time, first)

References

Further reading
"Obituary." Hawke's Bay Herald-Tribune. 21 June 1968. "Obituary."Sports Post (Wellington). 29 June 1968. <mask>, A. Biography on <mask> <mask>. MS, 1995. 1886 births
1968 deaths
New Zealand male professional wrestlers
New Zealand sheep shearers
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Wairoa
Ngāti Kahungunu
Ngāti Raukawa
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
Anglican lay readers

masks:
Ike Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Ike
Robin


texts:
<mask> (; born 14 May 1962) is a Spanish chef. He was the head chef of the El Bulli restaurant in Roses on the Costa Brava and is considered one of the best chefs in the world. He has often collaborated with his brother, the renowned pastry chef <mask>. Career

<mask> began his culinary career in 1980 during his stint as a dishwasher at the Hotel Playafels, in the town of Castelldefels. The chef de cuisine at this hotel taught him traditional Spanish cuisine. At 19 he was drafted into military service where he worked as a cook. In 1984, at the age of 22, <mask> joined the kitchen staff of elBulli as a line cook.Eighteen months later he became the head chef. In 1994, <mask> <mask> and Juli Soler (his partner) sold 20% of their business to Miquel Horta (a Spanish millionaire and philanthropist and son of the founder of Nenuco) for 120 million pesetas. This event became a turning point for elBulli, the money was used to finance an expansion of the kitchen and the relationship with Horta opened the door to new clients, businessmen, and politicians who helped spread the word about the creative experimentation happening at the time in Cala Montjoi. Along with British chef Heston Blumenthal, <mask> is often associated with "molecular gastronomy", although like Blumenthal the Spanish chef does not consider his cuisine to be of this category. Instead, he has referred to his cooking as deconstructivist. He defines the term as 'Taking a dish that is well known and transforming all its ingredients, or part of them; then modifying the dish's texture, form and/or its temperature. Deconstructed, such a dish will preserve its essence... but its appearance will be radically different from the original's.'His stated goal is to "provide unexpected contrasts of flavour, temperature and texture. Nothing is what it seems. The idea is to provoke, surprise and delight the diner." elBulli was only open for about six months of the year, from mid-June to mid-December. <mask> spent the remaining six months of the year perfecting recipes in the workshop "elBulliTaller" in Barcelona. The restaurant closed on 30 July 2011. It reopened as a creativity center to foster innovation like his own and entirely new ideas in 2014.

elBulli had 3 Michelin stars and was one of the best restaurants in the world.It received first place in the Restaurant Top 50 in 2002. Then in 2005, it ranked second. It was again awarded the first place in 2006, and retained this title in 2007, 2008 and 2009, making a record 5 times in the top spot. In 2010, after elBulli announced it would close for good the next season, the title was awarded to Noma of Copenhagen, Denmark. Adrià is well known for creating "culinary foam." Adrià explored foams created without the addition of cream or egg white; foams are made of a flavoured liquid and an additive (such as lecithin), then aerated through a variety of methods, including whipping with an immersion blender or extrusion from a siphon bottle equipped with N2O cartridges. Further culinary processes (such as freeze-drying or freezing with liquid nitrogen) may be applied to foams as well.Using a single flavoured liquid allows the flavour of the final product to be less diluted and thus more intense. <mask> is the author of several cookbooks including A Day at El Bulli, El Bulli 2003–2004 and Cocinar en Casa (Cooking at Home). With his assistant Daniel Picard, <mask> has made almonds into cheese and asparagus into bread with the help of natural ingredients. In autumn 2010, <mask> and José Andrés taught a culinary physics course, "Science and Cooking" at Harvard University. In October 2010, <mask> announced an alliance with Telefónica. In March 2012 he announced a new project, LaBullipedia. In a later interview he described the project as "A Western haute cuisine Wikipedia at the service of information but also creativity".An art exhibition about <mask> and his restaurant, 'elBulli: <mask> <mask> and The Art of Food', was hosted at Somerset House in London in 2013. The exhibition will be included in a new permanent museum <mask> is set to open at the El Bulli Foundation in 2021.

documenta 12

In 2007, <mask> was invited to participate in documenta, "a sort of art world Olympics." <mask> felt like an intruder at the event, saying "artists all over battle all their lives to receive an invitation to display their work at documenta and now I, a cook, am asked to go along!" Organizer Roger Buergel told <mask> that he believed "that to create a new cooking technique was as complicated and challenging as painting a great picture. He said that he sees the work [Adrià] does as a new artistic discipline, that [Adrià's] work shows cuisine should be a new art form." With this notion in mind, Buergel invited him to partake in this prestigious international event held every five years in Kassel, Germany. <mask> decided to take a different approach to this event.With the approval of the documenta committee, he set up his pavilion (i.e. exhibition space) some 850 miles from Kassel in his own restaurant, El Bulli. He believed that in order to truly experience his craft one had to come into his controlled environment because what he does is "ephemeral, it’s not moveable, it can’t be in a museum" (it was also impractical to move all his equipment there). It was then agreed upon that every day, two names would be selected at random and those names would be the diners who would be able to see his ‘pavilion.’ The collection of these experiences were documented, along with photographs and interviews from an eclectic group of figures in the art world (including Massimo De Carlo, Bice Curiger, Anya Gallaccio, Massimiliano Gioni, Carsten Höller, Peter Kubelka, Antoni Miralda, Jerry Saltz, Adrian Searle, Vicente Todolí and Richard Hamilton), and were published in Food for Thought, Thought for Food. However, there was some controversy regarding <mask>'s participation in documenta, "some questioning the idea that cooking and art were co-extensive." Despite the fact that dishes from avant-garde cuisine are aesthetically pleasing (you eat first with your eyes), one of his colleagues, Chef Heston Blumenthal from the Fat Duck in Great Britain, "is uneasy about the idea that he might be an artist, although he does compare restaurant going to a trip to the theater, the cinema or an art gallery." <mask> himself has compared a dinner at his restaurant to a night out at the theater.When people discuss a meal there, they usually talk about the rhythm and flow of the dishes, and that the movements of the waiters and sommeliers are amazingly choreographed. He said he has "turned eating into an experience that supersedes eating." Controversy
<mask> denounced his fellow 3-star Michelin cook Santi Santamaria who described his approach to cuisine as "pretentious". Traditionalist Santi Santamaria attacked <mask>'s dishes in elBulli as unhealthy, alleging that "<mask>'s dishes are designed to impress rather than satisfy and used chemicals that actually put diners' health at risk". Top chefs, however, accused Santamaria, who ran the 3-star Can Fabes also in Catalonia, of envy and "endangering the reputations of Spanish kitchens". The criticism has split top Spanish chefs into pro- and anti-Adrià camps. German food writer Jörg Zipprick accused <mask> of more or less poisoning his customers with the additives he uses in his cuisine and said that <mask>'s menu should carry health warnings: "These colorants, gelling agents, emulsifiers, acidifiers and taste enhancers that <mask> has introduced massively into his dishes to obtain extraordinary textures, tastes and sensations do not have a neutral impact on health."Domestic commercialisation

Texturas is a range of products by <mask> <mask>, and his brother <mask>. The products include the Sferificación, Gelificación, Emulsificación, Espesantes and Surprises lines are the result of a rigorous process of selection and experimentation. Texturas include products such as Xanthan and Algin which are packaged and labelled as Xantana Texturas and Algin Texturas respectively. Xanthan gum allows the user to use a very small amount to thicken soups, sauces and creams without changing the flavour. Algin is a key component of the "Spherification Kit" and is used for every spherical preparation: caviar, raviolis, balloons, gnocchi, pellets, and mini-spheres. Works

 El Bulli 1983–1993 (with Juli Soler and <mask>)
 El Bulli: el sabor del Mediterráneo, 1993,
 Los secretos de El Bulli, 1997,
 El Bulli 1994–1997 (with Juli Soler and <mask>)
 Cocinar en 10 minutos con Ferran Adrià, 1998,
 Celebrar el milenio con Arzak y Adrià (with Juan Mari Arzak), 1999,
 El Bulli 1998–2002 (with Juli Soler and <mask>), Conran Octopus, 2003, ; Ecco, 2005,
 El Bulli 2003–2004 (with Juli Soler and <mask>), Ecco, 2006,
 El Bulli 2005
 A Day at El Bulli 2008
 FOOD for thought THOUGHT for food (El Bulli y Ferran Adrià), 2009 ACTAR Editorial,
 The Family Meal: Home Cooking with Ferran Adrià 2011 Phaidon,

In October 2008, Ferran Adrià published A Day At El Bulli'' along with Juli Soler, and Albert Adrià. The book describes 24-hours at the El Bulli restaurant, with images, commentary, photographs and 30 recipes.Most of the recipes included are complex and require many out-of-the ordinary kitchen appliances, such as a Pacojet, freeze-dryer, liquid nitrogen tank, candyfloss machine and Perspex molds. See also
 Haute cuisine

Notes and References
Notes

References

External links
 Great Chefs Biography
 Interview with The Guardian
 <mask>'s exhibition in The Drawing Center of New York
 <mask> <mask> at FoodPlanet.tv

1962 births
Living people
Molecular gastronomy
Chefs from Catalonia
Spanish chefs
Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class

masks:
Ferran Adrià i Acosta
Albert Adrià
Ferran Adrià
Adrià
Ferran
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Ferran
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Adrià
Ferran
Adrià
Albert Adrià
Albert Adrià
Albert Adrià
Albert Adrià
Albert Adrià
Adrià
Ferran
Adrià


texts:
<mask>, commonly known as Wuta <mask>, is a Congolese rumba and soukous vocalist and composer from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). From 1974 to 1982, he was a member of the band TPOK Jazz, led by  Franco (François Luambo Makiadi), which dominated the Congolese music scene from the 1960s through the 1980s. Since leaving TPOK Jazz he has recorded and performed as a solo artist, in addition to being one of the four members of the "supergroup" Les Quatre Etoiles (The Four Stars), and subsequently a member of Kékélé. Background
<mask> was born on 9 August 1949 at Leopold General Hospital in then Leopoldville, now Kinshasa, the capital of, and largest city in, what was then the Belgian Congo, was later (among other names) Zaire, and is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This singer has been known by a variety of names; one source notes that "<mask>i is also known as <mask>, <mask>, <mask>la and Blaise Pasco." He was given the name Gaspard soon after birth. Later as a child, the name "Pascal" was added, after his maternal grandfather Pascal Gaspard Mayandi.During 1967-68, while he was with Orchestre Jamel National, a member of his family who had studied in Europe nicknamed him "Blaise" to make him "Blaise Pascal," and from then on he was known as "Blaise-Pasco." Around 1974, at about the time he joined TPOK Jazz, under Zaire's  "authenticité" campaign under  President Mobutu, he changed his name to the more "authentic" Congolese name Wata Undula Mayanda (or Wuta Mayandi Yundula), known as Wuta <mask>. In any event, he has recorded and performed since the 1970s under the name Wuta <mask>, although sometimes that name is hyphenated and some of his solo album covers spell it as "Wuta May." He went to school in Kinshasa, studying at Josephine Charlotte School for his elementary education, continuing on to the Saint Andre commercial technical school in the city's Limete  commune, and doing part of his high school education at the Athenaeum of Ngiri-Ngiri. In 1967, at the age of 18, while still a student, he joined the band Orchestre Jamel National, previously known as Jamel Jazz, based in the commune of Dendal. He became friends with another vocalist in the band, Aime Kiwakana, born Emmanuel Kiala, who would later join TPOK Jazz. Other musicians who made their start at Jamel included saxophonist Empompo Loway (also later with TPOK Jazz), guitarists Bavon "Marie-Marie" (the only brother of Franco Luambo), Makosso, and Dave Makondele, and vocalists Djo Mpoyi (later with TPOK Jazz), Marcel "Djeskain" Loko, Bumba Massa, and Jean-Papy Ramazani (the latter three of whom would join Wuta Mayi in Kékélé, decades later).Musical career

Early professional career (1968-1974)
<mask> <mask> began his professional career in 1968, joining the band Orchestre Bamboula as a vocalist. The band was created in November of that year by guitarist Papa Noel (Antoine or Anthony Nedule). Another member was guitarist Paul Mansiamina Mfoko, or Bopol. Bopol was the same age as <mask> <mask>, having been born in Leopoldville on July 26, 1949, and both were then beginning their professional musical careers after high school. This was the start of a decades-long collaborative musical relationship between the two. Other band members included other vocalists Aime Kiwakana, Pires, and Tino Mwinkwa, Jeff Lunam on saxophone, and Mangenza on drums, as well as  Madilu System, Pepe Kalle and Bozi Boziana. Orchestre Bamboula made its official debut in February 1969 in the town of Limete.That same year, Orchestre Bamboula was chosen, by winning a competition among the country's top bands, to represent the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the first Pan-African Festival of Culture in Algiers, Algeria. The band known as Bantous de la Capitale represented the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville). Orchestre Bamboula broke up, however, shortly after its return from Algiers. He was later a member of several other bands, including Rock'a Mambo and Orchestre Continentale. He formed the latter band in 1971 with Bopol and Tino Mwinkwa from Bamboula, as well as other musicians including Josky Kiambukuta and "Serpent" Kabamba. With TPOK Jazz (1974-1982)
In 1974, <mask> <mask> left Orcheste Continental to join TPOK Jazz, after an invitation relayed through Josky Kiambukuta. <mask> Mayi played with TPOK Jazz until 1982, leaving before Franco's death in 1989.Other vocalists in TPOK Jazz at that time included Josky Kiambukuta, Michel Boyibanda, Youlou Mabiala, Ndombe Opetum and Aime Kiwakana. <mask> <mask> (1975), Basala la vie (1978), Ayant Droit (1980), Moleka, Beyou (1980), and Tuti (1981). As a solo artist, and with Les Quatre Etoiles and other groups (1982-present)
In 1982, <mask> <mask> needed to come to Paris for medical treatment. He decided to stay there after three friends from Kinshasa who had moved to Paris, Bopol, Nyboma, and Syran Mbenza, invited him to record with them. In 1982 they recorded, 4 Grandes Vedettes de la Musique Africaine, which was issued in 1983 and would later be seen as the first record of the group they formed, Les Quatre Etoiles (the Four Stars). Between then and 1993, in addition to recording and performing with Les Quatre Etoiles, he released six solo albums, as well as one credited to him and Congolese guitarist Dino Vangu (listed as "Dino Vangou"). He also contributed to many other records.In the mid 1990s, with Papa Noel, Bopol and others, he formed the band Odemba. However the band failed to fully launch due to lack of funds. In the early 2000s, <mask> <mask>, Nyboma, Syran Mbenza, Djeskain Loko Massengo, Sammy Bumba Massa, Papa Noel, and Jean-Papy Ramazani formed a band called Kékélé that toured extensively in Europe and North America. Kékélé means "vines that are used in villages in Africa to make connections". The band plays entirely using acoustic guitars, drums and percussions. In 2019, more than 25 years after his previous solo release and more than 50 years after beginning his professional musical career, <mask> Mayi issued a new solo album, La Face Cachee, which received positive reviews. Discography
(his name is sometimes spelled "Wuta May", and sometimes hyphenated, on record and CD covers)
 Le Beach (Eddy'Son 79419) (1982)
 Dino Vangou et Wuta May – Cheque Sans Provision (or Kina-Rama Presente Dino Vangou a La Guitare et Wuta May Au Chant Dans Cheque sans Provision) (1982)
 Wuta May (Kino-Rama KRLP 1003) (1983)
  Zalaka Mayele (1983)
 Ole La Vie (Eddy'Son 79427) (1983)
 Tout Mal Se Paie Ici Bas (1984)
 Blaise Pasco Chante Saka Mache (1993)
 La Face Cachee (2019)

Notes

References

External links
 Biography of <mask> Mayi: translation from French of José Nzolani and Serge Diantantu, "<mask> Mayi and Bopol: twin friends of Congolese music," at the Wayback Machine
Original French article: José Nzolani and Serge Diantantu, "Wuta Mayi et Bopol: les amis jumeaux de la musique congolaise," at the Wayback Machine
 Context of original French article, with audio link

Democratic Republic of the Congo musicians
1949 births
Living people
TPOK Jazz members
People from Kinshasa

masks:
Gaspard Wuta Mayi
Mayi
Wuta Mayi
Gaspard Wuta May
Gaspard Wuta
Paschal Gaspard Mayi
Wuta Mayandi Yundu
Mayi
Mayi
Wuta
Mayi
Wuta
Mayi
Wuta
Mayi
Wuta
Wuta
Mayiou
Wuta
Mayi
Wuta
Mayi
Wuta
Wuta
Wuta


texts:
<mask> (born 15 August 1967) is an English former lobbyist. As a political advisor he was involved in two political scandals, "Lobbygate" in 1998, and again in 2009 while <mask> was editor of the LabourList website. He has worked as a psychotherapist. He is the author of two books, Blair's 100 Days and Life Support. <mask> has had an unusually serious case of long COVID; he was hospitalised in March 2020, suffering from COVID-19, and remained in hospital for a year. Six months after returning to his home, he remains seriously incapacitated as of October 2021. Career
Born in Chorley, Lancashire, <mask> was educated at Southlands High School until 1984.He later attended Runshaw College in Leyland and the University of Manchester. While at the university, <mask> provided hospitality for Ken Livingstone, who had missed his train after a Labour Club meeting. Livingstone was reportedly astonished to find displayed in <mask>'s student room a large poster of Labour Party deputy leader, Roy Hattersley. At around this time, he first met Charlotte Raven, with whom he was later involved romantically. <mask> began his political career in 1990, when he became the constituency secretary for Nick Brown. In 1992, he left this job and went to work as a researcher for the MP for Hartlepool, Peter Mandelson. In 1996, he became a director of a lobbying firm called GPC Market Access, and was employed by them until early 1999.While working at GPC Market Access, he set up the New Labour organisation Progress with Liam Byrne. During the late 1990s, <mask> worked as the Political Editor of the Modern Review, was briefly a columnist for the Daily Express, and a presenter on Talk Radio UK. "Lobbygate"
In 1998, while still working as a director at GPC Market Access, <mask> was caught on tape, with Jonathan Mendelsohn, boasting to Greg Palast – an undercover reporter from The Observer posing as a businessman – about how they could sell access to government ministers and create tax breaks for their clients. When the press got hold of the story, they dubbed it "Lobbygate". On the recording, <mask> said that "there are 17 people who count in this government ... [to] say I am intimate with every one of them is the understatement of the century." Palast also wrote that <mask> said, regarding his motivation: "I just want to stuff my bank account at 250 pounds an hour". According to Palast, "<mask> was nothing more than a messenger boy, a factotum, a purveyor, a self-loving, over-scented clerk".Although he denied the allegations and accused The Observer of attempting to entrap him, he was widely ridiculed in the aftermath. Palast later stated that the subsequent media coverage got his original story wrong, and that it was not primarily about boastful lobbyists: "the real story was about Tony Blair and his inner circle". Following his involvement in the "Lobbygate" scandal, <mask> was sacked from his job at the Daily Express and generally shunned by Labour insiders. His friend Peter Mandelson said that <mask> "[h]as a fine intelligence, but sometimes I am afraid he misuses that intelligence. He gets above himself. But now he has been cut down to size and I think probably he will learn a very hard lesson from what has happened." After politics
After leaving politics, <mask> retrained as a psychotherapist, obtaining an MA in clinical psychology after what he described as "three years in Berkeley, California".While in Berkeley, he worked as "the development director of a community counselling centre"; later, he claimed to have entered "private practice in Marylebone, London". He subsequently clarified that he in fact studied at the Wright Institute of California, a graduate school in the town of Berkeley founded by Nevitt Sanford. <mask> responded to the controversy surrounding his claimed psychotherapy degree, by denying the allegations completely and saying that this was "a brazen attempt to smear me by Guido Fawkes and David Hencke". He stated in 2009 that he was considering taking legal action against them. <mask> is a member of the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP). He writes an occasional column for the Mail on Sunday newspaper on psychotherapy issues and also wrote monthly columns in the magazines Psychologies and Therapy Today. He is also the author of a chapter in The Future of the NHS.In response to a formal complaint the BACP announced on 24 November 2009 that it had  It further clarified <mask>'s qualifications:

During the 2005 general election campaign, <mask> urged people to vote tactically against Labour, saying, "I don't want my vote to be used as vindication for Tony Blair, I'd like him to wake up after the election and feel like a hunted man". On 7 June 2009, emails that were highly critical of Gordon Brown that Peter Mandelson sent <mask> in January 2008 were leaked to the News of the World which claimed that Brown was "insecure" and a "self-conscious person, physically and emotionally". LabourList
During 2008, <mask> made a return to British politics. He was described on the BBC television current affairs programme Newsnight, on 12 September 2008, as a Labour Campaign Advisor. <mask>'s position at that time was as an unpaid adviser to Ray Collins, the then General Secretary of the Labour Party. <mask> was the founder and editor of the LabourList website, which was launched in January 2009. He explained that he started the website in response to the increasing role that the internet was playing in British politics and so that Labourites would have their own place in the blogosphere.Contributors to his website included David Lammy, Peter Mandelson, James Purnell and Piers Morgan. Although LabourList was generally supportive of the Labour Party, it claimed to publish articles and views critical of the Labour government. , the website is still active. On 11 April 2009, it was reported by The Daily Telegraph that Gordon Brown's special adviser, Damian McBride, had sent a series of emails to <mask> discussing plans to set up a blog which would be used to post false rumours about the private lives of senior or prominent members of the Conservative Party and their spouses. These smears would have included sexual and personal fabrications against MP Nadine Dorries, Conservative leader David Cameron and his wife, Samantha, and Shadow Chancellor George Osborne and his wife Frances. The emails, which had been sent from the Downing Street Press Office, found their way to Paul Staines, who brought them to the attention of the media. McBride resigned later the same day, and 10 Downing Street issued an apology for the "juvenile and inappropriate" emails.Gordon Brown sent personal letters to those who had been mentioned in the emails, expressing his regret over the incident, but Conservative politicians called for him to make a public apology. Brown apologised a few days later while on a visit to Glasgow, saying that he was sorry about what had happened. <mask> later apologised for his part in the affair. Although in his reply to McBride's email he had described the idea as "absolutely totally brilliant", <mask> claimed that he only responded to the email to gain favour from Downing Street for LabourList. A closer examination of <mask>'s emailed reply shows the plot was far more advanced, with <mask> knowing that the controversial Red Rag blogsite had already been set up and offering to sort out the technology with trade union official Andrew Dodgshon. In the wake of the incident, Labour sought to distance itself from <mask>'s LabourList blog, saying that his website is not owned by the Labour Party. <mask> also came under pressure to resign his post as editor of LabourList, which he did in early May, saying "I regret ever receiving the infamous email and I regret my stupid, hasty reply.I should have said straight away that the idea was wrong." Personal life
<mask> married Good Morning Britain presenter Kate Garraway in 2005 in Camden, London. They have two children. COVID-19
<mask> was hospitalised in March 2020, suffering from COVID-19, and admitted to an intensive care unit. As of early June 2020 he remained in critical condition after ten weeks, and was in an induced coma. The following month, he had opened his eyes, but remained in hospital in a serious condition. As of March  2021 he remained in hospital, a year on from contracting the virus.<mask> returned home on a trial basis in April 2021, and in May 2021, his wife gave an update on her husband stating that he is devastated by COVID-19 and still can't move. In September 2021 his wife reported he was still receiving round-the-clock care and sleeping 20 hours a day. References

External links
<mask>'s personal website
Labour List
Journalisted – Articles by <mask>

1967 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of Manchester
British male journalists
Daily Mail journalists
Labour Party (UK) officials
People from Chorley
New Labour
British political consultants
British lobbyists

masks:
Derek William Draper
Draper
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Derek Draper


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<mask> (born 23 January 1992), commonly known as <mask>, is a New Zealand rugby union player who currently plays Halfback or First Five-Eighth for the Wellington Lions in the Mitre 10 Cup, the Hurricanes in Super Rugby and New Zealand's national team, the All Blacks. He was part of the New Zealand under-20 rugby team that won the 2011 IRB Junior World Championship in Italy. <mask> is currently Captain of the Hurricanes, alongside Dane Coles and is the most-capped Hurricane of all time. <mask> made his international debut for New Zealand in 2014 and has since played 76 tests for his country, having attended both the 2015 Rugby World Cup and 2019 Rugby World Cup during his international career. Early life and family
Perenara was born in Porirua, New Zealand and grew up in the suburb of Titahi Bay. His father Thomas (whose father hails from Matatā) played for the Junior Kiwis in 1987 and in the New Zealand Softball Team (Black Sox) from 1987 to 1996. His mother Fiona (Farrow) played softball for New Zealand as did his grandmother Patricia Farrow and his uncle Jason Farrow.Perenara's paternal grandmother was born in Broken Hill, Australia. Two of his cousins, Henry and Marcus, played in the National Rugby League competition. He is also distantly related to All Black teammate, Sonny Bill Williams, as well as Samoan international rugby player, Tim Nanai-Williams. He is of Te Arawa and Ngāti Rangitihi descent. Career

Early career
Perenara scored a hat-trick of tries on his Super Rugby debut in a 46–19 victory against the Western Force in Perth on 10 March 2012. Perenara quickly became a regular starter for the team. He was selected for the All Blacks squad for the 2013 Rugby Championship but was not capped that year.After finishing the 2014 Super Rugby season with five tries, he made his All Blacks debut in the first test against England in 2014, along with centre Malakai Fekitoa. <mask> scored his first test try for the All Blacks in a 34-13 win against Argentina that year after replacing Aaron Smith off the bench. <mask> then went on to start for the first time in his international career against the United States, only being replaced with nine minutes to go. Perenara played in all three remaining tests on the end-of-year tour, including a start against Scotland. 2015–2016
Perenara scored the second-to-most tries of any player in the 2015 Super Rugby season behind Highlanders winger Waisake Naholo, scoring eleven tries for the Hurricanes that season. Following the end of the Super Rugby season, <mask> started against Argentina for the All Blacks. He was named in New Zealand's ultimately victorious 2015 Rugby World Cup squad, playing in two matches, including a start against Namibia.<mask> was named vice-captain of the Hurricanes following Conrad Smith's departure to Pau. <mask> captained the Hurricanes multiple times in 2016 due to injuries to regular captain Dane Coles, including the semi-final against the Chiefs. <mask> was also named man of the match against the Sharks in the quarter-final, where he scored a try in the 41-0 victory, the first time in Super Rugby history that a losing team did not score any points in a knockout round. <mask> was initially left out of New Zealand's All Blacks squad in 2016, but was called up as injury cover for Tawera Kerr-Barlow. <mask> and Kerr-Barlow were both kept in the squad for the Rugby Championship, the All Blacks deciding to have three halfbacks in the squad. During the competition, Aaron Smith began to decrease in form quality after having multiple off-field incidents. Perenara earned a start against Argentina in the championship, keeping the starting spot over Kerr-Barlow for the rest of the competition.He scored 4 tries during the competition, including two tries against South Africa and what was later nominated for Try of The Year against Argentina. <mask> has been used as New Zealand's Haka leader since Smith's off-field incidents too. Towards the end of 2016 <mask> was established as New Zealand's first-choice halfback, upon Aaron Smith's decline in performance after his return to the international field. <mask> ended 2016 as one of the team's top try-scorers after scoring his fifth of the year in the historic 40-29 loss to Ireland in Chicago. 2017
After captaining the Hurricanes to an 83-17 win over the Sunwolves to open their season, <mask> took over as captain of the team and led the team in every single match of the year except for four. This happened after Dane Coles was badly concussed in round three against the Chiefs. Coles did not return to action until the knockout rounds.Coles relieved <mask> of captaincy in the semi-final. <mask> scored the opening try of the semi-final in Johannesburg, but the Hurricanes suffered a 29-44 loss to the Lions in the match. <mask> became the highest try-scorer of all halfbacks in Super Rugby history in 2017 where he scored his 44th try and seventh of the 2017 season in the semi-final loss to the Lions in Johannesburg. <mask> scored his first try of the 2018 Super Rugby campaign against the Crusaders to score his 45th try. Perenara has the second-to-most tries of 48 tries than any active Super Rugby player behind New South Wales Waratahs fullback Israel Folau. Despite an outstanding Super Rugby campaign, <mask> went back to being the second-choice halfback with Aaron Smith returning to better form. This was made clear in the 2017 Pasifika Challenge against Samoa where Perenara replaced Smith in the 56th minute of the 78-0 win, scoring a try in the 71st minute.Smith started as halfback in all three tests against the British & Irish Lions in 2017, with <mask> coming off the bench as a reserve in those three matches. <mask> lead the Haka in every single test against the Lions. He carried a heavy workload for the All Blacks in 2017, playing in 14 matches that year and leading the haka in all of those, including starts against Argentina which was a 39-22 win and the Barbarians in a 31-22 win, scoring a try against the Barbarians in that fixture, that was not a capped fixture. <mask> only missed one test that year, which was the last 2017 Rugby Championship fixture, against South Africa. 2018
<mask> was expected to take over as Hurricanes captain for 2018, with Dane Coles ruled out for the season, due to a torn ACL, sustained against France in 2017. <mask> remained as vice-captain, however, with the departing flanker Brad Shields named as captain for his last season with the Hurricanes, instead of <mask> or Coles as captain. He struggled with injury early in the year, but still scored six tries during the 2018 Super Rugby season.<mask>'s most notable contribution to the Hurricanes in 2018 was his Man-of-the-Match performance against the Chiefs in the quarter-final, scoring two tries and performing a try-saving tackle on Chiefs flanker Lachlan Boshier. <mask> was again selected for the All Blacks in 2018, but received the first yellow card of his international career during the 2018 Steinlager series, against France. His second-half yellow card came in the 63rd minute of the second test, for an offside, during the controversial 26-13 victory, which also saw France's Benjamin Fall red-carded. After 8 consecutive appearances off the bench, since 2017, <mask> was selected to start for the All Blacks against Argentina, on 8 September 2018, during the 2018 Rugby Championship. <mask> had an outstanding 71-minute performance that included two tries and solid defence, bringing his international try tally to 10 tries from 48 tests. <mask> was subbed off for All Black debutant and former Hurricanes teammate Te Toiroa Tahuriorangi, with the All Blacks beating Argentina 46-24. <mask> was named Man of the Match, although his performance was not perfect, as he missed a tackle on Ramiro Moyano, leading to Argentina scoring the opening try.The following week of the Rugby Championship saw <mask> replace Aaron Smith off the bench, in the 49th minute, in a test against South Africa, after a poor performance from Smith. Perenara performed far better than Smith, but failed to assist his country manage a victory. A mostly one-sided first-half saw New Zealand lose to South Africa, 34-36, in an unexpected loss. On 29 September 2018, <mask> played his 50th test for New Zealand, only four years after his international debut. The fixture saw <mask> play for 66 minutes until being replaced by Aaron Smith, the All Black debut of Angus Ta'avao and their third consecutive win of the Rugby Championship competition. The All Blacks won the test, 35-17. Perenara only played in the last 10 minutes during the following test, the last Rugby Championship test, which was a narrow 32-30 win over South Africa.Aaron Smith's fading form saw <mask> begin his 2018 end-of-year tour with a start in the third Bledisloe Cup test, against Australia, in a 37-20 win. After key members of the All Blacks, including the likes of <mask> and Captain Kieran Read, missed the test against Japan, Perenara was named on the bench prior to the 10 November test against England. Perenara performed poorly against England and could potentially have cost New Zealand a win, with England replacement forward, Courtney Lawes, charging down a box-kick from Perenara to set Sam Underhill up, for what could have been England's winning try. The try was not given to England by the referee however, as Lawes was deemed to be offside. New Zealand narrowly won against England, 16-15. <mask> was subsequently benched for the 17 November loss to Ireland, which was a 9-16 against New Zealand. After the big games against England and Ireland, Perenara finished the season off with a start against Italy.He scored the opening try against Italy off a pass from winger, Jordie Barrett, before being replaced by Te Toiroa Tahuriorangi, in the 51st minute of the test, which ended the season in a 66-3 victory. 2019
Starting the season alongside club captain Dane Coles, <mask> had to assume the captaincy when Coles was injured. Under his leadership, the Hurricanes suffered a loss to the Crusaders and a draw with the Chiefs, which was further fractionalized by a second loss to the Crusaders at home on 29 March. From Round 8 on, the Hurricanes enjoyed an unbroken run of victories until Round 14, when the Jaguares South American side defeated them for the first time ever, 20-28 in Wellington. <mask> was rejoined by Dane Coles for the sides tour of South Africa, where two wins boosted the side's chances, as they would end the regular season with a 29-24 win over the Blues that earned a home quarterfinal game against the Bulls. His side won that game 35-28, but it would see the Hurricanes face the Crusaders in the Super Rugby semifinals. Losing that game 30-26 in Christchurch, Perenara would demonstrate that a late interference by Sam Whitelock would influence his team ending the 'Canes 2019 season run.<mask> was widely regarded as the Hurricanes' Most Valuable Player of the 2019 Super Rugby season. Perenara played nine tests for New Zealand in 2019, including five at the 2019 Rugby World Cup, where the All Blacks finished in third place. He was awarded the IRP Try of the Year in 2019, finishing a well-executed team try, during New Zealand's 71-9 Pool Stage win over Namibia. Personal life

<mask> is known for his support of social issues, having spoken widely of his support for inclusiveness and diversity in rugby. In response to Israel Folau's controversial comments on same-sex marriage, <mask> tweeted in support of the rainbow community. He has expressed continued support for LGBT issues. Perenara has followed a vegan diet since November 2019, after being a vegetarian for two years.Talking about his first switch to a vegetarian diet, he said: "I ate meat until about two years ago. I started on the India tour-- I was massive on the environment, pollution, stuff like that. And then I watched the documentary called Cowspiracy. It talked about how much agricultural farming accounts for pollution in the world and I was like man, I can't really say I care about it if I eat meat. My journey is to become vegan, so that's what I'll get to." In early 2020, <mask> and his wife Greer announced they were expecting their first child. He is also a distant relative of former All Black Sonny Bill Williams.References

External links
TJ Perenara Hurricanes profile
Wellington profile
IRB profile
itsrugby.co.uk profile

1992 births
Living people
Hurricanes (rugby union) players
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand Māori rugby union players
New Zealand people of Australian descent
New Zealand rugby union players
Ngāti Rangitihi
NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka players
People educated at Mana College
Rugby union players from Porirua
Rugby union scrum-halves
Te Arawa
Wellington rugby union players

masks:
Thomas Tekanapu Rawakata Perenara
TJ Perenara
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<mask> (1 April 1934 – 2 August 2017), was an Indian political leader and a key member of the Indian National Congress. Mr<mask> was first elected to the Parliament in 1980, the first of his seven terms in office as the Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha. Out of these seven, he has represented Silchar constituency, Assam five times and he was elected from Tripura West constituency twice. Mr <mask> has the rare distinction of being elected from two different states. Political career
During his political career as an elected representative, <mask> held crucial cabinet and non Cabinet posts. <mask> had represented India in the Population Conference held in China in 1982 and was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference at Isle of Man in 1984. He was the Union Minister of State for Tourism and Communications during 1986-1988 and the Union Minister of State for Home Affairs during 1988–1989.He also held the charge of Union Minister of State for Steel (Independent Charge) in 1991. <mask> was elected to the Lok Sabha for the first time in 1980 from Silchar constituency in Assam. Subsequently, he was re-elected to Lok Sabha in 1984 from Silchar constituency and in 1989 and 1991 from Tripura West constituency. <mask> was again elected to the Lok Sabha in 1996, 1999 and 2004 from Silchar constituency. <mask> was Chairman, Public Accounts Committee during 1990-1991 and was a member of the Parliamentary Committee of General Purpose Committee. He was also member of Tea Board during 1981–83. Between 1999-2004 <mask> held various parliamentary responsibilities including being the Chairman of Committee on Energy, Member of House Committee and Member of General Purposes Committee.<mask> <mask> lost to Kabindra Purkayastha of the BJP in the 2009 elections for the 15th Lok Sabha. Achievements
During the period 2005 to 2009, he was the Minister of Heavy Industry and Public Enterprises in the Union Cabinet. His tenure saw the fruition of a comprehensive automotive policy that will shape the Indian auto industry in the decades to come. This period also saw the rationalisation of Public Sector wages. this brought employees of government run companies closer to the levels of their private counterparts and drastically reduced the exodus of talented managers and executives. His other salient achievements include, the deregulation of steel in the mid 1990s as minister of steel which unshackled potential of the indigenous steel industry making India a global steel powerhouse. He was also instrumental in setting up a national university in Silchar, Assam.He played a key role in the freight equalization scheme in the early 1990s in India which removed unequal rail freight charges among the states, thereby making them more competitive. He is a third generation Congressman. His father was one of the first legislators of independent India. His grandfather <mask> <mask> was also an active member of the Indian freedom struggle and a member of the first ever Silchar Municipal council in 1913. Social and cultural Activities
<mask> was instrumental in several major initiatives, such as establishment of two Central Universities in Assam; welfare of labour especially of workers in tea gardens and villages; flood cyclone relief work; served the rural people of Assam with District Rural Development Agency (D.R.D.A.) Loans; development of rural electrification and transport; provision of water, electricity and sanitation facilities to the slum dwellers; instrumental in extending financial help to the needy individuals and Associations/Clubs through a Trust established in memory of his father Late Shri Satindra <mask>; and developed Silchar Regional Engineering College into an institution of repute; president, Nikhil Bharat Banga Sahitya Sammelani for 2 years; Chief Patron, Bipin Chandra Pal Trust; engaged in Socio-welfare activities established in memory of noted freedom fighter from North-East Region; took initiative in establishing Gas-based Power project at Adamtilla and Banskandi; actively involved in the construction of Barak Dam and extension of the broad-gauge line up to Silchar. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is the eldest of three sons of the renowned Bengali North Eastern Freedom Fighter Satindra <mask>.Satindra <mask> was known as fierce opponent of British Rule and enjoyed the personal confidence of Jawaharlal Nehru. He was jailed a number of times by the British for his resistance activities. In the mid Sixties in an independent India he was offered the governorship of Bihar, but he turned it down, preferring to stay in his hometown of Silchar. A member of the <mask> family has occupied an elected office from South Assam for all but 10 years since Indian Independence. <mask> <mask> was educated at G.C college in Silchar, Assam and has an MBA from the Welsh College In Cardiff UK. <mask> has four daughters and his wife Bithika <mask> was a Member of the state legislative assembly of Assam from his home constituency of Silchar till May, 2011. Mr. <mask> is also a certified and professionally qualified Football Referee.In his earlier years Mr<mask> was also the winner of the All Assam Lawn Tennis Championship. An avid reader, Mr <mask> is personally inspired by Famous Bengali writers like Bankim Chandra Chatterjee and Rabindranath Tagore. In September 2009 his daughter Sushmita <mask> was elected chairperson of the Silchar Municipality making her the fourth generation of the <mask> family to enter active politics. In March 2011, Sushmita <mask> became the MLA of Assam Legislative Assembly from Silchar constituency and in 2014 she became the member of parliament  from her hometown Silchar constituency. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> sees ‘India Shining’ in the down-trodden
 Indian Parliament Members' Fact File
 Sontosh <mask>: Information from Answers.com
 Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website

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Bengali politicians
1934 births
2017 deaths
14th Lok Sabha members
Members of the Cabinet of India
People from Cachar district
People from Silchar
7th Lok Sabha members
8th Lok Sabha members
9th Lok Sabha members
10th Lok Sabha members
11th Lok Sabha members
Lok Sabha members from Assam
Lok Sabha members from Tripura
People from West Tripura district
13th Lok Sabha members
Tripura politicians

masks:
Santosh Mohan Dev
. Dev
Dev
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Dev
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Dev
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Santosh
Mohan Dev
Kali Mohan
Dev
Dev
Mohan Dev
Santosh
Mohan Dev
Mohan Dev
Mohan Dev
Dev
Santosh
Mohan Dev
Shri Dev
Dev
Dev
. Dev
Dev
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Santosh
Mohan
Mohan Dev