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Dynamis, nicknamed Philoromaios (, Dynamis, friend of Rome, c. 67 BC – AD 8), was a Roman client queen of the Bosporan Kingdom during the Late Roman Republic and part of the reign of Augustus, the first Roman Emperor. Dynamis is an ancient Greek name which means the “powerful one”. She was a monarch of Iranian and Greek Macedonian ancestry. She was the daughter of King Pharnaces II of Pontus and his Sarmatian wife. She had an older brother called Darius and a younger brother called Arsaces. Her paternal grandparents had been the monarchs of the Kingdom of Pontus, Mithridates VI of Pontus and his first wife Laodice, who was also his sister. Dynamis married three times.Her husbands were Asander, a certain Scribonius and Polemon I of Pontus. According to Rostovtzeff, she also had a fourth husband, Aspurgos. Life

Marriage with Asander
In 47 BC king Pharnaces II put Asander in charge of his Bosporan Kingdom when he went away to invade Roman territories in eastern Anatolia. Asander revolted against Pharnaces II. He hoped that by betraying Pharnaces II he would win favour with the Romans and that through them he could become king of the Cimmerian Bosporus. Pharnaces took over Anatolian territories in the east but had to stop an advance into western Anatolia because of Asander's rebellion. He was eventually defeated by Gaius Julius Caesar.According to Appian, before the battle with Caesar Pharnaces sent envoys to him to negotiate a peace. They “bore a golden crown and foolishly offered him the daughter of Pharnaces [Dynamis] in marriage.”   After his defeat, Pharnaces returned to the Cimmerian Bosporus with his cavalry. Asander defeated Pharnaces II, who died in battle. Asander took over the Bosporan Kingdom and married Dynamis, probably to legitimise his rule. Exile
Asander was soon overthrown. Julius Caesar gave a tetrarchy in Galatia and the title of king to Mithridates of Pergamon. He also allowed him to wage war against Asander and conquer the Cimmerian Bosporus because Asander “had been mean to his friend Pharnaces.” This must have been in late 47 BC or early 46 BC.We know this date because this is the date given by Cassius Dio about a rebellion against Caesar plotted by Caecilius Bassus, who gathered troops to take over Syria. He was investigated and he claimed that “he was collecting these troops for the use of Mithridates the Pergamenian in an expedition against Bosporus.” Mithridates of Pergamon overthrew Asander and became Mithridates I of the Bosporus. According to Mayor, Asander and Dynamis were exiled and during their time in exile they were sheltered by her mother’s Sarmatian tribe. Second reign with Asander
Strabo wrote that Asander overthrew Mithridates. He did not give a date for this event. According to Lucian, Asander had been an ethnarch and then was proclaimed king of the Bosporus by Augustus. Ethnarchs were rulers of client kingdoms who did not rise to the level of kings.Minns thought that Lucian’s attribution of Asander’s elevation in status to Augustus was inaccurate and that this occurred by the concurrence of Octavian (the name used by historians for Augustus before he became the emperor) and Mark Antony when they shared the rule of the Roman Empire. Minns reckoned that Asander started issuing coins in his name in 44 BC, the year Caesar, who supported Mithridates of Pergamon, died. Then he started minting with the acquiescence of Octavian, whose head featured on his coins. For the first three years the coins had the inscription ΑΡΧΟΝΤΟΣ ΑΣΑΝ ΔΡΟΥ (Archiontos Asandrou), archon Asander. Here we also have the first occurrence of φιλορώαμιος (philoromaios, friend of Rome) on coinage. Thus, his title was archon (ruler) rather than basileus (king) and remained so for the first three years. Philoromaios shows that his rule was recognised by the Romans.These coins also had an inscription about his wife <mask> which reads ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ ΔΥΝΑΜΕΩΣ (basilises Dynamis), of queen Dynamis. From the fourth year onwards, his title on his coins was king and his head features on them. On the obverse there was the head of Mark Antony instead of that of Octavian, most probably because Antony took charge of Rome’s eastern provinces in 42 BC. Queen of Scribonius
When Asander died Dynamis was entrusted with the regency of Bosporan Kingdom. She married a certain Scribonius. Scribonius was overthrown and Dynamis married Polemon I of Pontus, who had been sent by the Romans to fight against Scribonius. This would not have been before 17/16 BC because in that year Dynamis had issued a solitary stater in her name.This shows that in that year she reigned on her own and had not yet married Scribonius. Cassius Dio wrote that a certain Scribonius claimed to be a grandson of Mithridates VI of Pontus and that he had received the Bosporan Kingdom from Augustus after the death of Asander. He married <mask>, who had been entrusted with the regency of the kingdom by her husband Asander. Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa sent Polemon I of Pontus against him. Scribonius was killed by the people before Polemon got there because they had heard of his advance. They resisted Polemon because they were afraid that he may be appointed as their king. Polemon defeated them but was unable to quell the rebellion until Agrippa went to Sinope to prepare a campaign against them.At that point the people surrendered. Polemon was appointed as their king. He married <mask> with the sanction of Augustus. Agrippa was awarded a triumph, but this was nor celebrated. Queen of Polemon
By marrying <mask>, Polemon became the king of the Bosporan Kingdom in addition to being the king of "that part of Pontus bordering on Cappadocia" and of Lesser Armenia. The former two kingship had been given to him by Mark Antony. With this marriage Dynamis preserved her position of the Bosporan throne.The marriage "effectively unified the kingdoms of Pontus and the Bosporus, and the triumph voted to Agrippa by the Senate commemorated the apparent establishment of peace in the former kingdom of Mithridates." Mithridates VI had conquered the eastern shores of the Euxine Sea (the Black Sea), from Colchis to the Cimmerian Bosporus, thus joining the region with his kingdom of Pontus. The Cimmerian Bosporus became a separate kingdom when his son, Pharnaces II, rebelled against his father when the latter was defeated by Pompey in the Third Mithridatic War (73-63 BC) and withdrew to the Cimmerian Bosporus. Pharnaces hoped to obtain the favour of the Romans. He sent the body of his father, who had himself killed after a suicide attempt in 63 BC, to Pompey. Pharnaces obtained the crown of the Cimmerian Bosporus. This marriage was Polemon's first marriage and Dynamis' second.The couple had no children, Dynamis was already an elderly woman. Minns thought that Dynamis’ marriage was forced on her and that this represented an assertion of Roman power which almost coincided with "the assumption by Augustus of the sole right to coin gold and the limitation of other coining rights." This was the start of a period in Bosporan history in which "the Romans controlled the issues of the Bosporan mint." From 8/9 BC to 80/1 AD, the gold coins did not have the full name of the king or his head. Instead, the rulers were identified with monograms. Kersley thinks that Rome’s support for Polemon I in the Bosporus was about seeking to limit the power of Dynamis and challenging her sovereignty. However, we do not know the details about who Scribonius was, what the circumstances of his marriage with Dynamis were and why Rome was opposed to his power bid.Sole queen
The marriage between <mask> and Polemon I lasted not much longer than a year. Polemon married Pythodorida of Pontus. The date of this marriage is uncertain. Rostovtzeff argued that it was in 12 or 13 BC. After this there is no record of Dynamis until 8 BC, when she reappeared on Bosporan coins and inscriptions. Thus, it seems that after the death of Polemon she regained the Bosporan kingdom and she appears to have ruled until 7-8 AD. Rostovtzeff assumed that during this period of absence from the record Dynamis took refuge with nearby Sarmatian tribes.However, there is no evidence for this. Rose formerly argued that <mask> might have accompanied Agrippa when he left Anatolia and returned to Rome in 13 BC and stayed there until Polemon died. When she returned home she dedicated statues to Augustus and his wife Livia and coinage with the portraits of Augustus and Agrippa. Phanagoria was renamed Agrippia. Rose abandoned his earlier view that the figures of an background woman and a boy on the southern panel of the Ara Pacis Augustae (Altar of Augustan Peace) in Rome were depictions of Dynamis and her son. In this relief the figures are next to Agrippa. Agrippa had undertaken a three-year tour of the east (Greece, Anatolia, Syria and Judea) to deal with political affairs in the east from late 17/early 16 BC to 13 BC.However, the woman is a Roman, not a foreign queen. The boy is an Eastern prince, probably a Parthian. The woman on the Ara Pacis panel wears a brill mistaken for a diadem. Dynamis’ grandfather, Mithridates VI, associated himself with the god Dionysus. Not surprisingly, there was a sanctuary of Dionysus in Panticapaeum, the Bosporan capital. The presence of this foreign prince and others on the Ara Pacis illustrates the success of Roman foreign policy in a now peaceful world. It also provides a visual reference to “the foreign rulers and members of their families who sought refuge or residence with [Augustus] in Rome."Sole rule and allegiances
Hardly anything is known about Dynamis from the ancient literature. The only reference to her are Cassius Dio's mention that she was the wife of Asander and that Scribonius and Polemon I married her and Appian’s mention that Pharnaces II offered her in marriage to Gaius Julius Caesar (see above). The fact that she returned to power in the Bosporan kingdom is indicated by numismatic and epigraphic evidence, which also suggests that she ruled on her own. Two inscriptions attest that, during her reign, Dynamis dedicated two statues to Augustus, one in Phanagoria, and the other in Panticapaeum. Another inscription attests a dedication of a statue to Livia Drusilla, the wife of Augustus, by Dynamis at the temple of Aphrodite. In all inscriptions she describes herself as βασίλισσα Δύναμις φιλορώαμιος, Queen Dynamis philoromaios (friend of the Romans). The inscription in Phanagoria reads:
 αύτoκράτoρα Kαίσαpα θεού υίόν | Σεβαστόν τόν [π]άσης γής καί | [πάσης] θαλάσσης ά[ρχ]οντα | τόν έαυτής σωτ[ήρα καί εὐ]εργέτη[v] | βασίλισσα Δύν[αμις φιλορώ]μαιος
 The emperor, Caesar, son of god, | August (venerable), of all land and | all sea the overlord, | to her saviour and benefactor, | queen Dynamis philoromaios

Similarly, the inscription in Panticapaeum reads:
 α]ύτoκράτoρα Kαίσαpα θεόν | [θ]εού υίόν Σεβαστόν τόν έαυτής | [σ]ωτήρα καί εὐεργέτηv | [β]ασίλισσα] Δύνα]μις φιλορώμαιος
 The emperor Caesar, god, | son of god, August, to her| saviour and benefactor, | queen Dynamis philoromaios.The inscription of the statue dedicated to Livia reads:
 Λιουίαν τήν τού Σεβαστού γuναίκ[α] | [β]ασίλισσα] Δύνα]μις φιλορώμαιος | [τήν έαυ]τής εὐεργέτηv
 Livia, the wife of the August, | Queen Dynamis philoromaios | to her benefactress. The people of Phanagoria erected a statue dedicated to Dynamis. The inscription reads:
[β]ασίλισσα Δύναμις φιλορώμ[αιος | τη]ν έκ βασιλέω[ς μ]εγάλου Φαρνάκου [τό]ν έκ βασιλέως βασιλέων Μιθ[ραδάτη]ν Ευπάτορος [Διό]νυσ[ο]ν [τή]ν έαυτών σ[ώτειραν κ]αί ευε[ργέτι]ν [ό δ]ήμος [ό Άγριπ]πέων. Queen Dynamis philoromaios, | [daughter] of king the great Pharnaces, [son] of king of kings Mithridates Epurator Dionysus, to their saviour and benefactress, the people of the city of Agrippa. These inscriptions show that Dynamis had close associations with Augustus, Livia and Agrippa. Rose sees them as supporting his theory that Dynamis might have gone to Rome with Agrippa and stayed there while Polemon was married with Pythodorida. Roses also suggests that she might have been one of "the foreign rulers and members of their families who sought refuge or residence" with Augustus whom he enumerated in his Res Gestae Divi Augusti.One problem with this is that the Res Gestae did not mention Dynamis. However, it can be noted that no females were mentioned. Rostovtzeff noted that the inscriptions by Dynamis attest some beneficence by Augustus and Livia and of that the one by people of Phanagoria attest some beneficence by Dynamis. All inscriptions refer to some act of salvation. Rostovtzeff also argued that the evidence points to Dynamis being the sole ruler after 8 BC. The inscription by the people of Phanagoria can be dated approximately. It could not date to before the intervention of Agrippa in the Bosporus and the adoption by this city of the name of Agrippia, which indicates that

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 this city was grateful to him.Orieshnikoff suggests that other city adopted the name of Caesarea at the same time as indicated by two series of coppers coins with the inscriptions Αγριππέωv (Agrippia) and Κασαρέωv (Caesarea) respectively. Orieshnikoff thinks that the city was Panticapaeum and he also connects these coins to a series of gold staters with the heads of Augustus and Agrippa on them which starts from 8 BC and “goes up to 7 AD.”

The changes of names by cites in the Bosporus probably date to the time of the start of this series of staters and therefore not to Dynamis' reign in 17-16 BC or the time of her marriage with Polemon. There is no reference to Polemon on the coins and Dynamis appears as the sole ruler. In addition to this, they bear a monogram which Mommsen deciphered into the name of Dynamis. The inscription by the people of Phanagoria states that she was the daughter of Pharnaces I and granddaughter of Mithridates VI. This emphasised her right to the throne by virtue of belonging to the line of these two kings. It would have been a belittling of Polemon.He would not have allowed this. Another inscription which stated that Dynamis was the daughter of Pharnaces and granddaughter of Mithridates was found in February 1957 during excavations in the site of ancient Panticapaeum (near modern Kerch). In this inscription Mithridates is referred to as king, rather than king of kings. Dynamis dedicated a gravestone to a Sarmatian man called Matian, the son of Zaidar. The gravestone depicts a horseman with a bow and quiver. This indicates that Asander’s practice of using Aspurgian cavalry detachments and warriors of Sarmatian origin who used daggers, long swords and quivers to assist the defence of the kingdom was continued by <mask>. Rostovtzeff argued that a bronze bust of a female found in the Crimea is the portrait of a member of the Bosporan royal family.He maintained that it represented Dynamis. Roses seems to agree with its attribution to the Bosporan royal family. However, he maintains that its attribution to Dynamis is questionable. The woman wears a diadem and a Phrygian cap decorated with stars. Her hair has long corkscrew curls that fall to the shoulders. Roses argues that her features and hairstyle are much closer to the coin portraits of Gepaepyris, the daughter of Cotys VIII (the king of Sapaean Thracians from 12 AD to 19 AD) and Antonia Tryphaena. The latter was the daughter of Polemon I and Pythodorida.Theory of a marriage with Aspurgos
Several scholars have argued that Aspurgos, who was the king of the Bosporus Dynamis, was a son <mask> had with her first husband Asander. Rose questions this notion. He notes that this is based on a single piece of evidence, an inscription [CIRB 40] of the late Augustan and the Tiberian periods about a Bosporan king which reads: έx βασιλέως Ασανδρόχου (basileus [king] Asandrochou).) The latter word would allegedly be a scribal error for "Asandrou" (of Asander - the son of Asander). However, "Asandrochou" would be an unusual mistake for "Asandrou," and Rose agrees this identification was inconclusive and said without more conclusive evidence it "is difficult to subscribe to this thesis." Kiessling considered this Asandrochou as a Sarmatian king who had nothing in common with Asander. Rostovtzeff agreed with Kiessling and went further.He argued that <mask> married Aspurgos after Polemon's death. Thus, Aspurgos was Dynamis’ fourth husband. According to Rostovtzeff, it is possible that Agrippa had wanted Polemon and Dynamis to marry to stabilise the Bosporus, but the marriage did not work and out and Polemon married Pythodoris. He thinks that Dynamis fled to one of the neighbouring Sarmatian tribes because, according to Appian, two of these tribes, the Siraces and the Aorsi, had supported Pharnaces I, her father, in his rebellion against Mithridates VI. (Strabo mentioned that the Siraces and Aorsi, who lived on the eastern shores of Lake Maeotis (today’s Sea of Azov), supplied him with combined force of 220,000 cavalry.) Dynamis’ mother was probably a Sarmatian woman from one of these two tribes. Aspurgos was probably the king of the tribe which sheltered Dynamis.He might have been a lesser king of the Sarmatian tribes. Rostovtzeff further hypothesises that Aspurgos was the leader of a group of young tribesmen who followed him in his advance to the Bosporus and formed his bodyguard, which assumed the name Aspurgians and gave their name to the land they occupied. Thus, the Aspurgians were not a tribe, but followers of king Aspurgos whom he led “from the shores of the Sea of Azov or from the depths of Sarmatia.”

Aspurgos may have hoped to seize the Bosporus, and thus may have supported Dynamis and married her. <mask> organised a rebellion by the Sarmatians with the help of Aspurgos. This forced Polemon into military actions, which included the capture of Colchis and the sack of the city of Tanais, which were documented by Strabo. Dynamis, Aspurgos and the tribes on the shores of the Lake Maeotis held out and continued the resistance on and off from 13 BC to 8 BC. Rostovtzeff thought that this interpretation explained Polemon marrying Pythodorida.In this theory, the link between Aspurgos and the Aspurgians is demonstrated by the support the Sarmatians gave to him and his successor, Mithridates VII. Aspurgos was probably also related to Dynamis through her Sarmatian mother. Rostovtzeff also argued that Strabo enumerated the Maeotian tribes and then set apart the Aspurgians a “new tribe” in the region. However, Strabo mentioned the Aspurgians as having been attacked by Polemon and indicated that all Maeotian tribes were new tribes, not just the Aspurgians (the Aspurgians were one of these tribes). The relevance of a possible link between Aspurgos and the Aspurgians in this theory is that Polemon was captured and killed when he attacked the Aspurgians by treachery. This was discovered, and he was outfoxed. According to Rostovtzeff, Polemon was striving to become the de facto ruler of the Bosporus, rather than just a vassal king.Dynamis succeeded in removing him with the help of Aspurgos. Augustus then had to settle the fate of the Bosporus. He supported Dynamis because of the military strength of Dynamis and Aspurgos, while Pythodorida could not guarantee the stability of the region as she had three children. Minns noted that we first hear of the Aspurgians when they defeated and killed Polemon and wrote that "it is hardly a coincidence that Aspurgos is the name of the next king of whom we know, the rightful heir of Asander. It would be natural to suppose [the Aspurgians] to be a political party of [Aspurgos'] adherents having its chief strength in that part of the country ...". However, the name Aspurgos occurs in a late third century inscription about an officer of the Bosporan monarchy. This may support Rostovtzeff's theory that the Aspurgians were a military entity.The region where they settled, the Taman Peninsula, was later called τά Λσπονργιανά (Asporgya) and was a local division of the kingdom. Minns made no reference to Rostovtzeff's idea that Dynamis took refuge among the Sarmatian tribes and allied with or married Aspurgos. Rose notes that “the inscriptions and coins do not support” Rostovtzeff’s theory that <mask> married Aspurgos after Polemon's death. Minns related Polemon’s struggles in Colchis and the eastern coast of Lake Maeotis, which led to the sack of Tanais, to Polemon having “no possible right to the Bosporus.” His father was from Laodicea on the Lycus in western Anatolia, far from the Cimmerian Bosporus. He had been elevated to the kingship of Lycaonia next to the Pontus, and Lesser Armenia by Mark Antony. Similarly, his second wife, Pythodorida, was the daughter of Pythodoros of Tralles (modern Aydın), also in western Anatolia, whom Mark Antony married to his eldest child, Antonia Prima. She, too, owed her status to Mark Antony.Views about the character of Dynamis' rule
Rostovtzeff also thought that with Augustus’ appointment of Dynamis the autonomy of the Bosporan kingdom ended. The head of Dynamis and her full title were not on the coins of the time. Only the mentioned monogram testified that she was the ruler (this was the practice established in 8/9 BC by Augustus for Bosporan coins which endured until 80/1 AD, see above). She was the ruler in the name of Augustus and this was testified by the head of Augustus being on one of the sides of the coins. The head of Agrippa, who by then had died, without an insignia on the other side of the coins was in his memory and a sign of Augustus’ reverence towards a man who had played a crucial role in the establishment of his power in Rome and who had worked hard to settle affairs in the east. The specifications of these coins must have been decided in Rome or by the Roman representative in the Bosporus. In Rostovtzeff’s view Dynamis had to show that she was thankful to Augustus and Livia and emphasise that she was philoromaios.The latter was an indication that she was a vassal of Rome despite being a descendant of Mithridates VI. She also felt obliged to change the name of two cities to Caesarea and Agrippia in honour to Augustus and Agrippa and to call Augustus a saviour and benefactor. The city of Phanagoria, which also had risked being sacked by Polemon like Tanais, honoured Dynamis as its saviour with a statue and did not forget to describe her as philoromaios. Kersley holds a view which contrasts to that of Rostovtzeff and sees Dynamis’ sole rule positively. It could have been expected that when Octavian became the emperor Augustus, he “would have taken steps to curtail or remove from power any other queen within the empire he controlled after the victory over” Mark Antony. During his struggle with Antony, Octavian denigrated Cleopatra VII, the queen of Egypt (Antony's lover and ally) because of her gender and the fact that she was foreign. (Cleopatra committed suicide when she and Antony were defeated, Octavian removed her children from Egypt).Instead, he left in place the ‘political character’ of the Pontic region established by Mark Antony. This led to the recognition of two females as rulers (Dynamis and Pythodorida). The "cultural difference between Rome and the East over the legitimacy of a female ruler … did not result in Augustus failing to acknowledge the queen of the Bosporan kingdom as an outright ruler.” Despite Rome’s tradition of excluding women from politics, “[f]ar from removing Dynamis as a ruler because of sex, Augustus … actually enhanced her authority … [he] maintained her royal power and elevated her status in the cities of the Pontic region and beyond.”

See also
 Bosporan Kingdom
 Roman Crimea

Notes

References
 Primary sources
Appian, The Civil Wars, Penguin Classics, 1996;
Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 5, Books 46-50 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989;
Cassius Dio, Roman History, vol. 6, Books 51-55 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989;
Strabo, Geography, vol. 5, Books 10-12 (Loeb Classical Library), Loeb, 1989;
 Secondary sources
 Braund, D., Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of the Client Kingship, Palgrave Macmillan, 1984; ; Kindle Edition, Routledge, 2014; ASIN: B00JKEYVK2

Gajdukevic, V., Das bosporanische Reich, Akademie-Vlg. in AG mit Hermann Böhlaus Nachf.Berlin/Köln, 1971;
Kersley, R. A., Women and Public Life in Imperial Asia Minor, in Tsetskhladze, G. R., (ed. ), Ancient West & East, Vol 4, No.1, BRILL, 2010;
 Macurdy, G., Vassal - Queens and Some Contemporary Women in the Roman Empire, Johns Hopkins Press, 1937; ASIN: B000WUFYY0
 Mayor, A., (2009), The Poison King: the life and legend of Mithradates, Rome’s deadliest enemy, Princeton University Press. ASIN: B003V5WKPE
 Minns, E., H., (2011) Scythians and Greeks, A Survey of Ancient History and Archaeology on the North Coast of the Euxine from the Danube to the Caucasus, Cambridge Library Collection – Archaeology, Cambridge University Press; reissue edition, 2011 (original edition 1913);
 Rose, C. B., "Princes" and Barbarians on the Ara Pacis, American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (July 1990), pp. 453–467
 Rostovtzeff, M., Queen Dynamis of Bosporus, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, vol. 39 (1919), pp.88–109
 Smith, W., (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, articles on Asander , Pharnaces II , Polemon I ; Scribonius
 Sullivan, R.D., Dynasts in Pontus, ANRW II 7.2 (1980) pp. 919–20;

External links
A picture of a Bronze Bust of Dynamis on page 90 from the Encyclopedia of women in the ancient world. In this picture Dynamis, is wearing a Royal Persian Headdress called the Tiara Orthe, covered with stars. In Dynamis’ portrait, she may have imitated one of Livia’s hairstyles. Rulers of the Bosporan Kingdom
14 BC deaths
1st-century BC women rulers
Ancient queens regnant
Year of birth unknown
Mithridatic

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<mask>  ( , ; born 25 December 1976) is a Dutch DJ and record producer from Leiden, South Holland. Since 2001, he has hosted A State of Trance (ASOT), a weekly radio show, which is broadcast to nearly 40 million listeners in 84 countries on over 100 FM radio stations. According to the website DJs and Festivals, "the radio show propelled him to stardom and helped cultivate an interest in trance music around the world." <mask> has won a number of accolades. He has been ranked the number one DJ by DJ Mag a record of five times, four years in a row. He was ranked fourth on the DJ Mag Top 100 DJs list in 2015, 2016, 2019 and 2020, as well as third in 2017. In 2014, he was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for his single "This Is What It Feels Like" featuring Trevor Guthrie, which makes him the fourth trance artist ever to receive a Grammy Award nomination.In the United States, he holds the record for most entries, twenty-one, on the Billboard Dance/Electronic Albums chart. Personal life
<mask> <mask> was born in Leiden, on 25 December 1976, and grew up in Koudekerk aan den Rijn. He was inspired by French electronic music composer Jean-Michel Jarre and Dutch DJ and Remixer Ben Liebrand. <mask> graduated from the Stedelijk Gymnasium Leiden in 1995, and studied law at Leiden University. He began working as a DJ in Club Nexus, playing multiple sets a week, most of which lasted six or more hours. In 1999, he met Dave Lewis who introduced him as a DJ in England and the United States. As his musical career began to take off, he put his law degree on hold, but he did return to graduate from law school in 2003.On 18 September 2009, <mask> married Erika <mask>el. Their daughter Fenna was born in July 2011. <mask> announced just hours before he was due to headline the main stage at Tomorrowland (27 July 2013) that his wife had given birth to a son, Remy. On 16 February 2018, <mask> explored his family history in an episode of the TV series Verborgen verleden, the Dutch version of the UK series Who Do You Think You Are?. Music career

1996–1999: Early career and success
In 1996, <mask> released EP and Push on Timeless Records. <mask> had his first success with a track called "Blue Fear", which was released under the Cyber Records label in 1997. Another successful track, "Communication", was released under the same label and became popular in Ibiza, Spain in the summer of 1999.After being signed to AM PM Records, this track entered the UK Singles Chart at No. 18 in 2000. In the beginning of 1999, <mask> started his label Armind together with United Recordings. The first release, Gig – "One", was well received. The second release, "Touch Me" under the name Rising Star, was signed to Ministry of Sound in the UK, before the record was released. By the time of his third release, Gimmick – "Free" was signed to R&S Records. During this year, he remixed the first two singles of Gouryella (Gouryella and Walhalla) and, under the guise of Rising Star, produced a remix of L'Esperanza, a song by Airscape.2000–2004: 76 and A State of Trance series
In 2000, <mask> started his own Armin van Buuren compilation series, a mix of progressive house and vocal trance styles of music. His first compilation album, A State of Trance (not to be confused with his weekly A State of Trance radio shows), sold 10,000 copies and contains <mask>'s remix of Moogwai, "Viola". Teaming up with Tiësto, two new projects were born: Major League – "Wonder Where You Are?" was released on Black Hole Recordings and Alibi – "Eternity" was released on Armind. "Eternity" received club and chart success and was signed to <mask> Dyk's imprint Vandit Records. Another major collaboration followed this. Together with Ferry Corsten, Van Buuren recorded a riff titled "Exhale" for the System F album, Out of the Blue.Released as a single, this track reached Gold status. Under the pseudonym Gaia he released "4 Elements" on Captivating Sounds, a sub-label of Warner Brothers. His second album, Basic Instinct featured a new track: "Perpetuous Dreamer" – "The Sound of Goodbye". This track entered the Dutch charts in June 2001 at number 26. Later in the year, the track hit No. 1 on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. The third album, In Motion was released 6 August 2001.A fourth album, Transparence, followed in 2002. In 2003, he worked with such artists such as DJ Seth Alan Fannin throughout a global tour on Dance Revolution in Europe, selling out to crowds of 20,000 people in the Netherlands. In March 2001, <mask> started his own radio show on ID&T Radio (traditionally broadcast in Dutch and later English since ASOT 183). In this weekly two-hour show, entitled A State of Trance, he plays the latest popular trance music tracks, and publishes the artists and track titles on his website. When ID&T Radio changed genres in 2004, <mask> moved A State of Trance to Fresh FM and later SLAM!FM, two Dutch radio stations. It is now a weekly feature on Radio 538, the Dutch radio station, DI.FM, an online radio station, and on XM Satellite Radio, channel 52 in the United States and Canada. A complete list of stations that broadcast A State of Trance can be found at the ASOT section of Armin's website.In 2002, he had a residency at Glow in Washington D.C., and played across North America. He regularly appeared at Amnesia on the island of Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain. In October that year, <mask> was voted number 5 in the DJ Mag. In June 2003, <mask> celebrated the 100th episode of A State of Trance at Bloomingdale, Bloemendaal aan Zee, Netherlands and released his debut studio album, 76, a 76-minute album divided into 13 tracks. In the same year he was voted No. 3 in the DJ Mag and held third place for the next two years (2004, 2005). Also in 2004, <mask> remixed the 24 theme song into a trance hit.2005–2006: Shivers

On 2 June 2005, he celebrated the 200th episode of A State of Trance at the Museumplein of Amsterdam. On 8 August 2005, <mask> released his second studio album, Shivers. On the album <mask> worked with artists such as Pakistani-American singer Nadia Ali, English singer Justine Suissa and American trance duo Gabriel & Dresden. On 25 May 2006, he celebrated with various artists the 250th episode of A State of Trance at Asta, The Hague, Netherlands. He was voted number two in the 2006 DJ Mag. On 17 May 2007, he celebrated with various artists the 300th episode of A State of Trance at Pettelaarse Schans, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands. 2007–2009: Imagine
Van <mask> was elected best DJ in the world in the 2007 DJ Mag edition.On 12 January 2008, <mask> was given the "Buma Cultuur Pop Award," the most prestigious Dutch music award. On 17 April 2008, <mask> released his third studio album, Imagine. It features collaboration with singers such as Jacqueline Govaert of Krezip. The album debuted at number one on the Dutch Albums Chart. The second single released from the album, "In and Out of Love", featuring Sharon den Adel from the band Within Temptation, has spawned a music video that has been viewed over 242 million times on YouTube. Since the release of Imagine, <mask> has been working with Benno de Goeij of Rank 1 on solo productions and remixes. On 1 May 2008, he celebrated with various artists the 350th episode of A State of Trance at Noxx, Antwerp, Belgium.He was voted No. 1 in the 2008 DJ Mag again. He collaborated with his brother, guitarist Eller <mask> <mask>uren: In the Mix, a music video game being produced in collaboration with Cloud 9 Music and Van Buuren's Armada Music label. The title was released on 12 November 2010 exclusively for the Wii console.He was voted number one DJ in the 2009 DJ Mag for the third consecutive year. 2010–2012: Mirage and appointment to the Order of Orange-Nassau
On 3 March 2010, <mask> was awarded with the Golden Harp for his musical work and contribution to Dutch music, by Buma/Stemra at the 2010 Buma Harpen Gala in Hilversum, Netherlands. To celebrate the 450th episode of A State of Trance, he performed with various artists at five shows across two continents. The locations were: The Guvernment, Toronto, Canada on 1 April 2010, Roseland Ballroom, New York City on 2 April and on 3 April again, Expo Arena, Bratislava, Slovakia on 9 April and Centennial Hall, Wroclaw, Poland on 24 April. On 23 June 2010, it was announced that <mask>'s fourth studio album, Mirage was due to be released on 10 September. The first single "Full Focus", was released through iTunes Store on 24 June. The song peaked at number 60 in the Netherlands.One of the confirmed tracks from the album is a collaboration with English singer Sophie Ellis-Bextor called "Not Giving Up on Love", which was released as a single from Bextor's fourth studio album, Make a Scene. <mask> also wrote a song for English singer Seal, but due to the release of his greatest hits album, Hits, the collaboration never came together. On 12 September 2010, <mask> launched "A State of Sundays", a new weekly 24-hour radio show aired on Sirius XM Radio. On 20 October 2010, <mask> won the award for Most Popular International DJ presented by The Golden Gnomes. A week later he was announced, for the fourth year running, as the number one DJ in DJ Mag. The 2010 edition of Armin Only: Mirage kicked off in November 2010, in Utrecht, Netherlands, and was followed by shows in Saint Petersburg, Kyiv, Buenos Aires, Melbourne, Beirut, Poznań, Moscow and Bratislava. In March and April, 2011, celebrating the 500th episode of his radio show, <mask> performed five live shows along with various artists; the first was in Johannesburg, South Africa at MTN Expo Centre, and the second in Miami's Ultra Music Festival.He then performed in Argentina at GEBA in Buenos Aires, followed by a large event at Brabanthallen in Den Bosch, Netherlands which included more than 30 DJs from countries all over the world and was attended by over 30,000 people. The final show was held in Sydney on 16 April at Acer Arena. In 2011, <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of Oranje-Nassau for services to Dutch dance and music economy. That year he also received the Key to (Freedom) of Leiden from the City Mayor, as well as being voted No. 2 in the 2011 DJ Mag. To celebrate the 550th episode of A State of Trance, he performed with various artists on two different continents during fourth weeks. The show was called A State of Trance 550: Invasion.The first event was celebrated at Ministry of Sound in London on 1 March 2012. On 7 March, Moscow held the second event at Expocentre. Kyiv's show was performed at International Exhibition Centre on 10 March. On 17 March, as part of the Beyond Wonderland festival in Los Angeles and on 25 March at the Ultra Music Festival in Miami. On 31 March, the biggest and final edition of ASOT 550 took place in the Brabanthallen of Den Bosch, Netherlands. On 19 October 2012, <mask> was announced for a fifth non-consecutive year as the world's number one DJ according to DJ Mag. To celebrate the 600th episode of A State of Trance, <mask> announced that he would perform with various artists all around the world in early 2013.The show was called A State of Trance 600: The Expedition. It was announced that the show would tour the world, including stops in Madrid, Mexico City, São Paulo, Minsk, Sofia, Beirut, Kuala Lumpur, Mumbai, Miami, Guatemala City, New York City, and Den Bosch. 2013–2014: Intense
The first single of <mask>'s fifth studio album, Intense, titled "This Is What It Feels Like", featured Canadian singer and songwriter Trevor Guthrie, and was released on 5 April 2013. The single nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording. The tour for the album, Armin Only: Intense, was announced on 17 October 2013. 30 April 2013 saw the abdication of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands in favor of her son, King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, who was crowned that day, which was Queen's Day as well. Van Buuren was the headline act in a performance to a live audience celebrating the King's crowning in Amsterdam.While he was performing live together with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra in the Amsterdam Harbor on Java-eiland, King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and their three daughters made an unplanned visit on stage. On 19 October 2013, <mask> <mask> was ranked number two DJ in the world by DJ Mag. On 26 January 2014, <mask> <mask> attended the 56th Grammy Awards, in relation to his Grammy Award nomination for the single featuring Trevor Guthrie, "This Is What It Feels Like" in the category of Best Dance Recording. 2015–2018: Embrace

On 8 May 2015, <mask> <mask> released the first single from his sixth studio album, Embrace, which was released on 29 October 2015. The single is titled "Another You" featuring Mr Probz. Three weeks after releasing "Another You", Van Buuren also debuted another remix from Game of Thrones official theme which is originally made by composer Ramin Djawadi. On 16 October 2015 <mask> <mask> released the next single from Embrace called "Strong Ones" featuring Cimo Fränkel.This was followed by the release of his collaboration with Cosmic Gate "Embargo" on 22 October 2015. To accompany the album's release, <mask> announced the return of the Armin Only series of parties. This edition of the tour was titled Armin Only: Embrace and took place throughout both 2015 and 2016. As the title of the tour suggests, it was based around the collection of music that he showcased on his new album. On 2 February 2017, <mask> <mask> officially opened a new A State of Trance radio show studio in Amsterdam as part of his celebrations for the 800th episode of the radio show. The studio is located in the Armada headquarters. With the new accommodations made possible by the studio, he introduced a new segment of the radio show called Service for Dreamers where he invites fans to send in their favorite trance tracks that have a special meaning to them.Every week one track gets chosen to be featured live on the show and introduced by the fans of the radio show live, either by a walk-in, phone call, Skype or other means of contact. In 2017, <mask> <mask> announced he will be releasing an online MasterClass sharing his expertise in electronic music production. On 13 April 2017, <mask> <mask> performed at the Heineken stage in Shanghai, in the first Formula 1 Festival along with Angela Zhang. Armin performed a seven-hour-long set at the Romania Untold Festival on 6 August 2018, clocking from 2:00 a.m. to after 9:00 a.m. This outlasted his previous 2017 ASOT performance, which had gone on for five hours. 2019–present: Balance
On 6 October 2019, he performed at Republic Square, Yerevan, Armenia as an opening act for the World Congress on Information Technology (WCIT). On 25 October 2019, Armin released his seventh studio album, Balance.Discography

 76 (2003)
 Shivers (2005)
 Imagine (2008)
 Mirage (2010)
 Intense (2013)
 Embrace (2015)
 Balance (2019)
 A State of Trance Forever (2021)

Orders
In 2011, <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of Orange Nassau for his services to music. Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Artist Page on ArmadaMusic.com

1976 births
Living people
Ableton Live users
Armada Music artists
Club DJs
Dance-pop musicians
Dutch DJs
Dutch house musicians
Dutch record producers
Dutch trance musicians
Electro house musicians
Eurodance musicians
People from Koudekerk aan den Rijn
People from Leiden
Remixers
Trance musicians
Dutch radio personalities
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Progressive house musicians
Juno Award for Dance Recording of the Year winners
Electronic dance music DJs

masks:
Armin Jozef Jacobus Daniël van Buuren
Van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Van Buuren
van Buuren
van Thi
Van Buuren
van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Paul van
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
van Buurenin
vanu
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Armin
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
Armin
van Buuren
van Buuren


texts:
<mask> (September 11, 1924 – November 27, 2019) was a Native American spiritual elder from Grants Pass, Oregon. She was the oldest member of her tribe, the Takelma. She was also the granddaughter of Jack Harney, the first elected Chief of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz. Pilgrim was Elected Chairperson of the International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers at its founding in 2004. "She was honored as a "Living Treasure" by the Confederated Tribes of Siletz, and as a "Living Cultural Legend" by the Oregon Council of the Arts." Personal life
Pilgrim was born on September 11, 1924 having been delivered by Elizabeth Juliana Tole Harney, Pilgrim's grandmother who was a midwife. Her family was poor during the Depression and survived with no electricity.Grandma Aggie, as she was affectionately known, had a rich and varied working life ranging from working for the Indian Health Service as a physician's assistant, an alcohol and drug counselor, a scrub nurse, a logger, a singer, a bouncer, a barber in a jail and a stock car racing driver. Married three times, Pilgrim had three daughters and three sons. Pilgrim also had twenty grandchildren, thirty-one great grandchildren and a great great grandchild. In 1982 Pilgrim was seriously ill with cancer. Pilgrim claimed that she asked the Creator to let her live as she had many friends and family who relied on her, and that, she had a lot left to do in the world. Ever since that time she had a transformation and gravitated to a very spiritual type of life – even though Pilgrim admitted to have initially being reluctant to travel her spiritual path as she doubted her worthiness for this task. <mask> Pilgrim spoke of her life, her calling and her philosophy in an oral history collected on January 23, 2018 on the banks of the Rogue River in Grants Pass, Oregon as part of the Stories of Southern Oregon project at Southern Oregon University.Sacred Salmon Ceremony
A ceremony to welcome, bless, and thank the returning salmon each year was held by the Takelma tribe, as well as many other Indian tribes in the northwest United States and Canada, . However, for 140 years, due to the loss of traditional ways, the ceremony was not performed publicly by the Takelma tribe. To revive the ceremony, Pilgrim and her late husband Grant Pilgrim (Yurok tribe), visited with area tribes that continued to perform this ceremony. Following numerous visits to ceremonial and spiritual gatherings of northwest tribes, the Pilgrims brought back their version of the ceremony to Southern Oregon. Due to Pilgrim's contribution in returning the Salmon Ceremony to Jackson County, she is known to some locals as the 'Keeper of the Sacred Salmon Ceremony'. A great deal of interest has since been shown by the National Geographic magazine and the World Wildlife Fund and Martha Stewart due to the unprecedented increase in salmon seen in the river since the ceremony has been performed. The ceremony is annually held on the bank of the Applegate River in Southwest Oregon

Konanway Nika Tillicum (All My Relations) Youth Academy
While studying psychology and Native American studies at Southern Oregon University at the age of 50, Pilgrim co-founded the Konanway Nika Tillicum (All My Relations) Native American Summer Youth Academy.She was the Elder-Woman-in-Residence for the Academy. The International Council of 13 Grandmothers

In 2004, Pilgrim was approached by The Center for Sacred Studies to serve on the International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers. Pilgrim was the oldest of the Grandmothers and was elected as the council's Chairpersonchairman. The Council has been active in protecting indigenous rights and medicines, promoting ancient wisdom. Pilgrim considered the International Council of 13 Grandmothers not to have come together by accident, coming at the eleventh hour to be "a voice for the voiceless." In 2008, she traveled with the group on "a trip to Rome to try to get Pope Benedict XVI to rescind historical papal bulls, which played a role in the genocidal onslaught of indigenous people worldwide," according to Indian Country Today Media Network. Legacy
Pilgrim's likeness is featured in the bronze statue, We Are Here, in downtown Ashland, Oregon.Pilgrim attended the dedication ceremony on May 24, 2013. Notes

References
 <mask>-Pilgrim (Official Website), Biography. Doty, T, Culture. Grandmothers' Council website about the Grandmothers
 Harcourt-Smith, J, Future Primitive on the international council of thirteen indigenous grandmothers
 McCowan, K, Canku Ota (Many Paths), Tribal Elder Keeps Salmon Ceremony Going Strong. Sue Supriano Steppin’ Out of Babylon. (2009-04-06) Interview with <mask> Pilgrim - Chairperson of the International Council of 13 Indigenous Grandmothers and the oldest living member of the Takelma Siletz nation of Southern Oregon

External links
<mask>' Official website
 International Council of 13 of Indigenous Grandmothers Official Website
"Grandma Aggie" interviewed on Conversations from Penn State
 Official website for documentary
 Konanway Nika Tillicum (All My Relations) Youth Academy
 For The Next Seven Generations Film Trailer
 The Center for Sacred Studies
 Turtle Island Storyteller, Grandmother <mask> talks about water
 Conversations from Penn State – Interview with Grandmother <mask>
Statement of the International Council of Thirteen Indigenous Grandmothers
 Future Primitive interview with <mask> <mask>, Grandma Aggie. Stories of Southern Oregon [videotaped oral history], January 23, 2018

1924 births
2019 deaths
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
Activists from Oregon
American environmentalists
American humanitarians
Women humanitarians
American women environmentalists
Female Native American leaders
Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest
People from Grants Pass, Oregon
Religious figures of the indigenous peoples of North America
Southern Oregon University alumni
Sustainability advocates
Takelma people
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American women

masks:
Agnes Emma Baker Pigrim
Agnes Baker
Agnes Baker
Agnes Baker
Agnes
Agnes
Agnes
Agnes Agnes
Baker Pigrim


texts:
<mask> (born 1972) is an English electronic dance music DJ, musician and record producer. His recording career began in 1993 and he has used a number of different pseudonyms and band names, and released music in different styles on several record labels. He has also recorded music for short films, television advertisements and video games and has performed sound design work for television channels including the BBC, Channel 4 and MTV. Most recently he has provided the soundtrack for the hit Netflix sitcom Lovesick. History
<mask> studied at Trinity School and Mid Warwickshire college, becoming interested in electronic music from an early age. Begg confessed that the first electronic-based record he ever heard was "Probably Jean Michel Jarre; my uncle used to be into his stuff, and used to play it in the car. My brother's mate's dad also had Tubular Bells and stuff like that.I remember being really into all the sounds and noises, the total futurism. And I was right into Star Wars and Tron and all those kinda kids' sci-fi things." Listening to John Peel's BBC Radio 1 show in the late 1980s, <mask> was introduced to early Chicago acid and bands like Warp's LFO, Cabaret Voltaire, Severed Heads and Negativland. This influenced him to move away from playing guitar and drums with schoolmates and toward creating cut-up electronica with fellow electronic musicians, under the group name Cabbage Head Collective. Career
<mask> initially gained experience working as a sound engineer in the early 1990s, helping to produce live music and studio albums for other artists, and began DJing in 1991. He began creating his own music in 1993, and a year later, released 3 EPs with techno artist and fellow Cabbage Head alumni Cristian Vogel, under the band name "Inevitable Technology". The pair later founded a record company, Mosquito, in 1997.During this time, <mask> assembled a recording studio (which is now located in Harrow, in northwest London), and learned about A&R and label management. He moved to London in the 1990s, where he met Jonathan More and Matt Black of Coldcut through the local music scene. <mask>'s works as Cabbage Boy were subsequently released on their Ninja Tune sub-label, Ntone. <mask> released his solo debut album Commuter World on Caipirinha Productions in 1998. He continued to release 12" singles on a variety of small independent record labels (including his own). In 2001, he released The Mission Statement on the Mute Records subsidiary Novamute, going by the name of as S. I. Futures.This was followed by another <mask> album, Director's Cut (2003)

Since 2005, he has also released mp3 files on Digital Distortions and further singles on another label that he founded himself, Noodles Recordings and its sub-labels, Noodles Institute of Technology and Noodles Discothèque, which he called "the stupidest recording organisation in the world". The description comes from the fact that the label releases such a wide variety of musical styles, a tactic most labels would avoid. In addition to working as a recording artist, he also performs live DJ sets throughout Europe. He currently has two DJ residencies in London, Big Beat Boutique at Scala and Freakin the Frame at The End. He has also worked as a remixer for over 40 different electronic artists including Alloy Mental, Atmosfear, DJ Rush, Faultline, Michael Forshaw, Lamb, Little Nobody, Moguai, Radio 4, Tipper, Sven Väth, Cristian Vogel, Jennifer Delano, Neuflex, Jason Sparks, Bolz Bolz and Stewart Walker. <mask>'s compositions have been featured in films, TV shows and trailers, including Ad Astra (film), A Quiet Place Part II, The Outsider (2018 film) and The Two Popes, all placed by Elephant Music. Pseudonyms and collaborations
Begg has recorded under variety of names, both as a solo artist and in collaboration with other artists.He explains that it is a "necessity because of the way the industry kind of works. Because a lot of people want exclusive names and there's just no way I could. If there was one label that I felt was my home and I didn't want to do stuff for other labels then that would be fine, but no single label is willing to release my full output – my full kind of range. So I have to come up with these different projects all the time. ",

Solo recording names include:
 Si Begg
 Bigfoot
 Bigfoot Futures Ltd
 Buckfunk 3000
 Cabbage Boy / Cabbageboy
 Culture Cruncher
 Dr. Nowhere versus The Maverick DJ
 Lenny Logan / Lenny "The Stylus" Logan (one Lenny Logan track featured "Zygmunt Janowski", who, again, is actually <mask> Begg)
 S. I. Futures

Band names include:
 Bigfoot & Maverick  DJ
 Cabbage Head Collective (with Cristian Vogel, Tim Wright (of Germ, Neil Landstrumm and Anthony Michael Alexander)
 Inevitable Technology (with Cristian Vogel)
 State of the Art (with Tony Thorpe of The Moody Boys)

Discography

Releases as Si Begg

Albums
 Commuter World (1998, Caipirinha Productions)
 Director's Cut (2003, Novamute Records)
 Future Electronica (2006, Music House (International) Ltd)
 Permission to Explode (2013, Addictech Records)
 Blueprints (2017, Shitkatapult)

Singles and EPs
 Nothing is True Zen Say (1996, Position Chrome)
 Opus EP (1996, Tresor)
 Cuntok 5 EP (1997, Algorithme)
 Question the Nature of Your Formula (1997, Drought Records)
 Working on The Front Line EP (1997, Mosquito)
 B-Boy of Tomorrow / Strawhead (1998, Hydrogen Dukebox)
 Commuter World (1998, Caipirinha Productions)
 Untitled (1998, Mosquito)
 Network Southeast Vol.1 (1999, Under 5's)
 Bad Doo Doo (2000, Mosquito)
 Network Southeast Vol. 1 (2000, Noodles Discothèque)
 Vol. 2 (2001, Noodles Discothèque)
 Vol. 3 (2001, Noodles Discothèque)
 Vol. 5 (2002, Noodles Discothèque)

As Dr. Nowhere versus The Maverick DJ

Singles and EPs
 Automated Leisure EP (1998, Scandinavia Records)

As S. I. Futures

Albums
 The Mission Statement (2001, Novamute Records)

Singles and EPs
 Freestyle Disco (2001, Novamute Records)
 Freestyle Disco Remixes (2001, Novamute Records)
 We are Not a Rock Band (2001, Novamute Records)
 Eurostar (2002, Novamute Records)

As Inevitable Technology
Singles and EPs
 Etherion EP (1994, Trope Recordings)
 Reform EP (1994, Trope Recordings)
 The Wheel EP (1994, Berlin Records)

As State of the Art
Singles and EPs
 Feel This / Party Time (1994, Full House Records)
 Shifting Mercury EP (1995, State of the Art)
 Automatic'' (2004, Inform / Noodles Recordings)

References

External links
 Si Begg website
 Si Begg at Addictech

1972 births
Living people
English electronic musicians
Ninja Tune artists

masks:
Si Begg
Si Begg
Begg
Begg
Begg
Begg
Begg
Si Begg
Begg
Si


texts:
<mask> (born 1967 in Genoa), is a musician, singer, songwriter, producer, and founder of Banksville Records. Career
As producer, he has worked with Jazz Bigbox (Banksville), Even Vast (Black Lotus), Gabriel Delta (Banksville), McAllan (Ariston), Arcansiel (Musea), Roulette Cinese (Toast), Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici (Btf-Ams), Mhmm (Banksville), Sorella Maldestra (Banksville), Terry Dene and Lica Cecato. Whilst living in Italy <mask> joined the Neo Prog band Arcansiel at the time of their third album, Normality of Perversion, which was followed by Swimming in the Sand. In 2008, he formed the experimental nu-jazz quintet S.A.D.O. (Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici) as a spin-off of Arcansiel. With S.A.D.O., he was made the 12th "Tribute to Demetrio Stratos" and also won the "Darwin award of Italian non-conventional music". In 2010 he was awarded best progressive producer of the year by the Prog Award webzine for the conceptual bilingual album Weather Underground.In 2008 he released Do Not Disturb, a blues album with Mhmm for Banksville Records as songwriter, producer, singer, bassist and keyboardist. In 2011, Baltaro released Low Fare Flight to the Earth, his solo album, as singer and composer, playing all instruments, for Musea records. Now based in London, <mask> is also the drummer of Laura Guidi and of acclaimed Italian punk band Sorella Maldestra (producer of their second album, Maltempo). In 2016 he released his first book in Italian, "Gli Ambienti Teorici Multidimensionali", with an English language edition available soon. In the same year he released his second solo album The Day After The Night Before and played the guitar in the Sound Wall Project album "Drunk", led by Andrea Bonizzi, with Colin Edwin of Porcupine Tree on bass and Angelo Bruschini of Massive Attack. In 2017, he produced the original soundtrack of La Tempete, a movie by Ricky Mastro. In January 2019, he released with the S.A.D.O.Società Anonima Decostruzionismi Organici,  "Musiche per signorine da marito – Cura uditiva della narcolessia in forma Sentenziale" [38] (Banksville Records), a double experimental album, in English and Italian version in the same record, formed of nine songs (total duration: seven minutes and 30 seconds), recorded in Sentential format (song, truth, sentence). In August 2019 he releases with the Brazilian singer Lica Cecato "Call Porter – A time warp into Cole Porter's music", made of songs written by Cole Porter, with arrangements based on Rock, Pop, Progressive, Chill Out, Electro-Punk, Mersey Beat, Metal and various experimental stuff, including elements of Contemporary music in the same record. The record was released as "Lica Cecato and <mask>ro's orchestra". Sony Music 88697718372
 2013 – Francesco Sarcina (El. piano engineer)
 2013 – Garrison Fewell – versione di "Everytime we say goodbye" (Cole Porter)
 2014 – Leigh de Vries – singoli: Dead City e Saw Blade (bass, guitar, drums, producer)
 2015 – Frenky dei Rogers – singolo To You (Produzione)
 2015 – Lica Cecato – (Sound engineer)
 2017 – Sound Wall Project – (Guitarist – Co-sound engineer)
 2018 – Laura Guidi – The Point – (drums)

Publications
 Guido Michelone, Vercelli Nel Juke Box, Editrice White Light, alla voce <mask>, pag 128 e Arcansiel, pag 128
 Massimo Forni, Lungo Le Vie Del Prog, Editrice Palladino, pag. 177
 Federico Guglielmi, Il Punk, Editrice Apache (1994), voce Sorella Maldestra
 Andrea Parentin, An introduction to Italian Progressive Rock, , pag. 315
 Paolo Baltaro, Gli Ambienti Teorici Multidimensionali'', Editrice Banksville Books (2016)

References

External links

 Wayback Machine
 Arcansiel
 Mhmm
 S.A.D.O.1967 births
Living people
Italian male guitarists
Musicians from Genoa
Italian male singer-songwriters

masks:
Paolo Baltaro
Paolo
Paolo
Paolo Balta
Paolo Baltaro


texts:
<mask> (October 22, 1879 – December 22, 1975) was an American industrialist born on the county line of Stafford and King George County, Virginia. He received an engineering  degree from the University of Virginia, entered the ranks of American business executives in two major U.S. corporations, and later purchased and helped preserve historic Chatham Manor in Stafford County, Virginia which, upon his death, he gave to the National Park Service (as well as an adjacent bluff to the local government, which named the resulting park after him). Education and employment
<mask> was a farm boy adept at fixing things. After a year at Randolph Macon College, <mask> matriculated at the University of Virginia and received an Engineering Degree in 1902. After beginning his business career with the DuPont Company and, particularly serving with note during World War I in its Washington state plant, <mask> was selected in 1919 by Pierre S. du Pont to work in a corporation newly invested in by du Pont and other significant, wealthy businessmen—General Motors Corporation, which was founded in 1908 by William Durant. <mask> was, in effect, DuPont's man on the inside, initially solely looking out for DuPont's interests. <mask> rose to become a member of the corporation's executive committee and, from the 1923 until 1968, served on GM's Board of Directors.He was later a company Vice President and is credited with supporting the idea of holding (as opposed to selling off) what became the Frigidaire Division of GM and encouraging the development of the coolant, Freon. At first, he was assistant to the President of the Company. Later, Alfred Sloan—one of GM's early executives and later President—cited <mask> as "one of the best businessmen" he had ever known. Unheralded might be another adjective applied to <mask>. In 1931, he bought "Chatham Manor", an expansive Georgian, Colonial mansion on the Rappahannock River in Stafford County, VA, opposite Fredericksburg as his future retirement home. He paid $150,000 in cash for the property, roughly the equivalent of $2.4 Million in 2020. By moving to "Chatham", he was—in effect—moving back to his hometown area.War Resources Board
During World War II, <mask> was one of many "Dollar-a-Year" men -- businessmen who aided adapting the U.S. economy to the war effort. He was appointed by President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt to serve on the War Resources Board. He later continued his public service as a member of the Lend-Lease Administration, in which capacity he came into contact with important leaders of his day, including United States Secretary of State George C. Marshall who visited Chatham to go duck hunting. In these capacities in Washington, D.C., <mask> also met General (and later president) Dwight D. Eisenhower who was a guest at Chatham. He traveled to London, as well, reporting back to Roosevelt about Britain's condition and readiness for the war. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Lillian, continued the restoration of the historic property throughout much of their lives. After she died in 1947 and he became tired of the constant flow of visitors arriving to tour the property which, in the Colonial era, entertained George Washington and, during the American Civil War, Abraham Lincoln.The extensive gardens, installed by the estate's earlier owners during the 1920s, were such a draw for curious visitors that he actually had them dug up and reinstalled in a more subdued design. Mr. and Mrs. <mask> had been deeply involved in the local community in their later years and were quiet philanthropists supporting University programs in Virginia and college educations for worthwhile community young people who had been identified for their potential by other religious and community leaders. In none of these endeavors did they seek publicity or recognition. Many of the late 20th Century leaders of the Fredericksburg area communities and businesses were later revealed to have been supported in their college education years by the <mask>s. The community leaders of this era are only now retiring or, actually, passing away. After his wife died, <mask> continued to socialize with his former childhood friends in Fredericksburg, walking regularly into the city even though he could have afforded a chauffeur and any car in the GM fleet. His rumpled appearance belied his comfortable station in life while he continued his lifelong associations and played in weekly penny-ante poker games with his friends.<mask> died in 1947 and willed her extensive jewelry collection to the then-new Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, Virginia. Since the 1920s, encouraged by a family acquaintance, the businessman Armand Hammer, she had accumulated a large collection of Peter Carl Fabergé jewelry, including five Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs; the Revolving Miniatures, Pelican, Peter the Great, Czarevich, Red Cross with Imperial Portraits examples, as well as pins and bracelets which were being sold by the then-new government of the Soviet Union to raise capital for the Soviet state. This collection, at the time the largest private collection of such items, had been initially acquired through purchases on her Lord & Taylor Department Store charge account. The "Lillian Pratt Collection" at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts is a key part of that institution's exhibits. <mask> is buried in Tacoma, Washington. <mask> <mask>'s great-nephew was Darrell Forsythe Holmes, Jr., a well-known criminal defense lawyer and author with strong ties to Texas law enforcement where he served as Chief of Police in several cities. He wrote the non-fiction book "Marijuana Acquittal" among others.Death
Upon his death in 1975, "Chatham Manor" and  surrounding were bequeathed to the National Park Service, which now uses the estate for its headquarters facility in the Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park as well as a free museum open to the public (but with more limited hours than the grounds and gardens). <mask> also willed a portion of the Chatham estate (an adjacent bluff overlooking the Rappahannock River) to the local community to be used as a park, and which was named in his honor. <mask> also gave a bequest to establish the local YMCA; and in his lifetime made major donations to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. At the time of his death, Fortune magazine listed <mask> as the "single largest shareholder" in General Motors, and it was reported that <mask> owned approximately 17.4 percent of the company. The remainder of his estate was auctioned, with the proceeds donated to the University of Virginia (his alma mater), Virginia Tech, Washington and Lee University and Johns Hopkins University. He was claimed by many in his family to not care or give little thought to their investments. Instead of giving start up cost he would simply give out boxes of apples which cause discontent among those he was related too.His cremated remains rest in Oak Hill Cemetery in Fredericksburg, Virginia. References

American businesspeople
University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
General Motors former executives
People from Fredericksburg, Virginia
People from King George County, Virginia
1879 births
1975 deaths

masks:
John Lee Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
John Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Lillian Pratt
Lillian Pratt
John Lee
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt


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<mask> (born 1970) is a Canadian adventurer, writer,
filmmaker, and environmentalist. He is known for books, feature magazine articles, online columns, and films that document wilderness expeditions around the world, with a focus on the Canadian North. His expeditions include being the first to canoe across Canada in one season and cycling 2,000 km in winter on the Yukon River from Dawson to Nome. In 2020 he was named One of Canada's Greatest 90 Explorers of All Time by Canadian Geographic Magazine. and in 2012 he was named one of Canada's Top Ten Adventurers by Explore Magazine. His first book of adventures Lines on a Map, was released in October 2018 by RMB. His films include Wild Ones, The Hand of Franklin, Kitturiaq, On the Line, Mammalian, and Borealis, all of which broadcast on CBC's Documentary Channel in Canada.Expeditions

 (2021) Sa Tu Expedition: 30-day, 1360 km canoe circuit along the Athabasca River, Lake Athabasca, Fond Du Lac River, Cree River, Cree Lake, Black Birch Lake, Careen Lake, and Clearwater River starting and finishing in Fort McMurray, with Dave Greene
 (2021) Qwunus Expedition: 38-day, 1320 km kayak journey circumnavigating Vancouver Island, starting and finishing in West Vancouver, with Dave Berrisford and Amber Blenkiron
 (2020) Sine Tanize Expedition : 25-day, 1060 km canoe expedition through Manitoba from Sandy Bay First Nation to Hudson Bay, via the Churchill River, Barrington River, and Seal River with Shauna Liora. (2020) The Bear and the Wolf Paddle North : 27-day, 1000 km sea kayak expedition along the west coast of British Columbia from Squamish to Prince Rupert, with Dave Berrisford. (2019) The Lakeland Traverse : 20-day, 800 km canoe expedition through Finland from Nurmes to Helsinki, with Todd McGowan. (2019) Arctic Return : 18-day, 350 km ski expedition from Naujaat to Pelly Bay, with David Reid and Richard Smith. Reid and Smith continued on for another 200 km to Rae Strait after <mask> had to abandon the journey due to injury. His first book Lines on a Map, published by Rocky Mountain Books, was released in October 2018. Films
 Wild Ones (2017 film); Winner for 'Best Musical Adventure', 2017 Waterwalker Film Festival, Official Selection of 2017 Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival,
 The Hand of Franklin (2015 film); Winner for 'Best Documentary Feature' at the 2016 Ramunas Atelier International Film Awards, Winner for Best Canadian Film at 2015 Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival; Winner of the 'Adventure Award' at the 2016 San Francisco International Ocean Film Festival;
 Kitturiaq (2013 film); Winner for Best Adventure Film and Best Filmmaker at 2014 Waterwalker Film Festival; Kitturiaq Interview; Kitturiaq Film Review;
 On the Line (2011 film); Winner of the 'Spirit of Action Prize' at the 2012 Santa Cruz Film Festival'; Chosen for 'VIFF Selects' at the 2011 Vancouver International Film Festival; Official Film Website;
 Mammalian (2010 film); Top Ten most popular Canadian Films at the 2010 Vancouver International Film Festival; Winner of the 'Best Environment Film' at the 2011 Kendal Mountain Festival; Winner  of the 2011 Reel Paddling Festival's "Best Canoeing Film"; Official Film Website;
 Borealis (2008 film); Winner of Grand Prize and Best Canadian Film at 2009 Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival; Official Film Website;
 Exhibit Eh!(2007 TV series)
 X-Quest (2004-2006 TV series)

Public speaking

<mask> has given talks about his adventures and environmental work at TEDx, FEAT, and numerous other events. References

External links
 <mask> Official Website
 Explore Magazine blog
 Saveur Films website

Canadian environmentalists
Canadian male canoeists
Canadian documentary filmmakers
Living people
Canadian non-fiction writers
1970s births

masks:
Frank Wolf
Wolf
Wolf
Frank Wolf


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<mask> (October 18, 1884 – July 29, 1962) was an American player, manager, coach and scout in Major League Baseball. As manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers (1947; 1948–50), he won two National League pennants and served as Jackie Robinson's first permanent Major League manager. Playing career
<mask> was born in Brownhelm, a township in Lorain County, Ohio. In his playing days, he was a speedy outfielder — he was nicknamed "Barney" after race car driver Barney Oldfield — who batted left-handed and threw right-handed. The ,  <mask> compiled a .271 batting average with 1,338 hits in 1,387 Major League games played for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and St. Louis Cardinals (1909; 1911–23). Although he stole over 40 bases in four consecutive seasons (1913–16), he was also caught stealing over 26 times in each of those seasons. In an American League dominated by speedsters such as Ty Cobb and Clyde Milan, <mask> was never among the top five base stealers in the league, and he had a high rate of being caught stealing, but he pilfered 294 bases during his MLB career.His real talent, however, may be shown in his on-base percentage, in which he finished in the top ten in the league four times in his career. He twice (in 1913 and 1916) led AL batters in walks, and finished in the top ten six seasons. In the early 1920s, as a player and coach, he was the Cardinals' "Sunday manager", relieving skipper Branch Rickey, who always observed the Christian Sabbath. Rickey and <mask> had formed a longstanding friendship and professional relationship dating back to their years together (1913–15) with the Browns, when Rickey was his manager. After <mask> retired as a player, he served on the Cardinals' coaching staff from 1923 to 1925 until he took over as manager of their top farm club, the Syracuse Stars of the International League, in 1926–27. Philadelphia Phillies
Shotton's first formal Major League managing opportunity came with the NL's then-habitual tailending team, the Philadelphia Phillies. He lasted six seasons (1928–33) with the Phils, who twice lost more than 100 games during his tenure.The Shotton-era Phillies included two notable teams. Playing home games in a notorious bandbox, Baker Bowl, during a lively-ball season, the 1930 edition compiled a team batting average of .315 (paced by Chuck Klein's .386 and Lefty O'Doul's .383) and scored 944 runs; but the Phillie pitching staff allowed 1,199 runs and posted a horrendous 6.71 earned run average as the team finished last, at 52–102. Then, only two years later, the 1932 club compiled a 78–76 record, good enough for fourth place in the National League. It would be the Phillies' only winning season and first-division finish between 1917 and . Altogether, <mask>'s win-loss mark in Philadelphia was 370–549 (.403). <mask> then coached for the Cincinnati Reds in 1934. On July 28, he had a one-game stint as interim manager after the firing of Bob O'Farrell and before new skipper Chuck Dressen arrived from Nashville to take command of the last-place Reds; in that game, Cincinnati defeated the Chicago Cubs, 11–2.Then <mask> returned to the Cardinals for a seven-year term (1935–41) managing their top-level Rochester Red Wings and Columbus Red Birds farm clubs, and spent four years (1942–45) on the coaching staff of player-manager Lou Boudreau of the Cleveland Indians. But prior to the  season, <mask> hung up his uniform and settled into a scouting role for the Brooklyn Dodgers, for whom Rickey was now part-owner, president and general manager. A stand-in for Durocher
On the eve of the 1947 season, <mask> received a telegram from Rickey; it read: "Be in Brooklyn in the morning. Call nobody, see no one". Flying immediately from his Florida home to New York, not knowing what to expect, <mask> was ushered into Rickey's presence. Leo Durocher, the Dodgers' manager since 1939, had been suspended for the entire 1947 campaign by Baseball Commissioner Happy Chandler for "conduct detrimental to baseball." In his search for a temporary replacement, Rickey had been rebuffed by former New York Yankees manager Joe McCarthy, then in retirement, and two of Durocher's coaches, Clyde Sukeforth (who managed the first two games of the season on an emergency basis) and Ray Blades.Rickey pleaded with <mask> to take over the Dodgers for the remainder of the season. Then 62, and convinced that his on-field career was over, <mask> reluctantly took the reins on April 18, still in street clothes. (<mask> was one of the last baseball managers to wear everyday apparel rather than the club uniform. Unlike Connie Mack, however, he did usually add his team's cap and jacket.) He inherited a contending Brooklyn team that had finished in a flatfooted tie for the  National League pennant before losing a playoff series to the Cardinals. He also inherited what historian Jules Tygiel called Baseball's Great Experiment — the Dodgers' breaking of the infamous color line by bringing up Jackie Robinson from their Triple-A Montreal Royals farm club at the start of the 1947 season to end over sixty years of racial segregation in baseball. The rookie was facing withering insults from opposing players, and a petition by Dodger players protesting Robinson's presence had only recently been quashed by Durocher.<mask>'s calm demeanor, however, provided the quiet leadership the Dodgers needed. They won the National League pennant by five games, and took the New York Yankees to seven games in the 1947 World Series. In Game 4, <mask> helped to thwart Bill Bevens' no-hit bid in the ninth inning, sending into the game two pinch hitters and two pinch runners in an attempt to overcome a 2–1 deficit. The gambit worked, as Dodger pinch hitter Cookie Lavagetto drove home both pinch runners, Al Gionfriddo and Eddie Miksis, with his opposite-field double — Brooklyn's only hit — for a 3–2 victory. With Durocher's suspension over, <mask> retired again, this time to a front office post as "managerial consultant" in the Dodgers' vast farm system. But the 1948 Dodgers did not respond to Durocher's return; they even (briefly, on May 24) fell into the NL cellar. Durocher was still under siege by the Catholic Youth Organization because of his extramarital relationship with, and then quick marriage to, actress Laraine Day.Return to Brooklyn's bench
With the New York Giants also floundering, owner Horace Stoneham decided to replace his manager, Mel Ott, with <mask>. He called Rickey to ask permission to speak with <mask> about the Giants' job, and was stunned when Rickey offered him the opportunity to hire Durocher instead. On July 16, 1948, Durocher moved from Brooklyn to Upper Manhattan to take over the Giants. The following day, <mask> was back in the Dodger dugout — still in street clothes. On that day, Brooklyn was 37–37 and in fourth place, 8 games behind the Boston Braves. After his return, the Dodgers rallied to take the lead in the 1948 NL standings by the end of August, before they faltered in September to finish third, 7 games behind Boston. Then, in , <mask> won his second pennant, with Brooklyn capturing 97 regular-season victories to finish a game ahead of the Cardinals.Robinson won the National League's Most Valuable Player award and batting championship. But Brooklyn again bowed to the Yankees in the World Series, this time in only five games. Despite <mask>'s two pennants in three seasons, he continually faced criticism from Durocher loyalists on the Dodgers, who claimed that <mask> was a poor game strategist and lacked Durocher's competitive intensity. Because he eschewed wearing a uniform, <mask> was prohibited from stepping onto the field of play during games to argue with umpires and make pitching changes; those tasks fell to one of his uniformed coaches. <mask> also had severe critics within the press, notably New York Daily News baseball writer Dick Young, who came to refer to him in print only by the derisive acronym KOBS, short for "Kindly Old <mask>ton." <mask>'s poor relationship with the New York media partly was self-inflicted: according to author Roger Kahn, he attempted to ban Young from the Brooklyn clubhouse, and alienated and infuriated the New York Herald-Tribunes Harold Rosenthal by repeatedly addressing him as "Rosenberg" and "Rosenbloom." In 1950, despite chronic pitching woes, <mask> guided the Dodgers to within a game of first place on the final day of the season.But Dick Sisler's tenth-inning home run off Don Newcombe won the pennant for the Phillies' "Whiz Kids", and ended both the Dodger season and <mask>'s managerial career. Rickey was forced from the Brooklyn front office by new majority owner Walter O'Malley at the end of October. At his home in Bartow, Florida, <mask> ignored O'Malley's repeated suggestions that he fly to Brooklyn to "discuss [his] future", declaring, "I don't intend to go all the way up there just to be fired." Indeed, O'Malley had already decided on Chuck Dressen as his new manager; his hiring was formally announced November 28. In contrast to <mask>, the fiery Dressen would be conspicuous on the field wearing uniform No. 7 and doubling as Brooklyn's third-base coach. In retirement
<mask>'s last connection with baseball was as a consultant for Rickey's Continental League, the planned "third major league" that ultimately forced expansion of MLB in 1961–62.In 1960, Rickey, the CL president, engaged <mask> to assist and supervise the managers in the Western Carolinas League, a Class D minor league originally set up to groom talent for the CL. <mask> died in Lake Wales, Florida, from a heart attack at age 77 during the second All-Star break in 1962. Although his career win-loss record as a big league manager was 697–764 (.477), his mark with the Dodgers was 326–215 (.603). According to an informal study by researchers at the National Baseball Hall of Fame, the last manager to wear street clothes is believed to be <mask>, who last managed a game on Sunday, October 1, 1950. (Connie Mack, who famously wore a full suit during his 50 years as manager of the Philadelphia Athletics, also retired on October 1, 1950, but his game that day ended earlier.) In popular culture
In the 2013 film 42, <mask> is played by Max Gail. See also

 1947 Brooklyn Dodgers season
 Jackie Robinson
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of St. Louis Cardinals coaches

References

External links

1884 births
1962 deaths
Baseball players from Ohio
Brooklyn Dodgers managers
Brooklyn Dodgers scouts
Cincinnati Reds coaches
Cincinnati Reds managers
Cleveland Indians coaches
Erie Sailors players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Minor league baseball managers
Omaha Rourkes players
People from Lorain County, Ohio
People from Winter Haven, Florida
Philadelphia Phillies managers
Rochester Red Wings managers
St. Louis Browns players
St. Louis Cardinals coaches
St. Louis Cardinals players
Sportspeople from Bartow, Florida
Sportspeople from Winter Haven, Florida
Steubenville Stubs players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Wheeling Stogies players

masks:
Burton Edwin Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Burt Shot
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton
Shotton


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<mask> (born 3 August 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender or a midfielder for  club Huddersfield Town. Career

Blackburn Rovers
Born and raised in Keighley, <mask> joined Blackburn Rovers at the age of 10, progressing through the academy to sign his first professional contract in the summer of 2011. On 5 January 2012, he joined Conference Premier club Lincoln City on a youth loan. <mask> made his debut for Lincoln on 18 January, in a 3–1 defeat at Carshalton Athletic in the FA Trophy. However, his loan was cut short two months early as he was recalled by his parent club. Rochdale
On 31 July 2012, <mask> joined League Two club Rochdale on a one-year contract after his release by Blackburn. <mask> made his professional debut on 11 August 2012, in a 4–3 defeat to Barnsley in the League Cup and made his league debut for the club, making a start and played the whole game, in a 0–0 draw against Northampton Town in the opening game of the season.<mask> then set up one of the goals, in a 2–0 win over Barnet on 1 September 2012. However, <mask> soon lost his first team place, as the season progressed and made nine appearances for the club. <mask> was released by Rochdale at the end of his contract. FC Halifax Town
On 1 March 2013, <mask> joined FC Halifax Town on loan, making his debut for the club in the following day's 5–0 Conference North home victory over Worcester City. <mask> became a first team regular at the club, having made 17 appearances for the club. <mask> signed for Halifax permanently on a two-year contract on 30 June 2013. His first appearance after signing permanently came in the opening match of the season, a 5–1 defeat away to Cambridge United, before scoring his first goal in a 1–1 away draw with Gateshead on 26 December.After serving a two-match suspension, <mask> scored on his return on 1 March 2014, in a 2–0 win over Tamworth. Despite being suspended twice in the season, <mask> finished the 2013–14 season, making 46 appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. For his performance, <mask> had his contract with the club extended. In the 2014–15 season, <mask> started the season well when he scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–0 win over Chester on 23 August 2014. However, <mask> was sent off in the 52nd minute, in a 2–1 loss against Welling United on 22 November 2014. After serving a three-match suspension, he made his first team return, coming on as a substitute in the second half, in a 2–0 win over Nuneaton Town on 20 December 2014. <mask> then scored two goals in two matches against Dartford and Telford United.<mask> went on to finish the 2014–15 season, making 42 appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Accrington Stanley
Due to his good performance at Halifax, <mask> joined League Two club Accrington Stanley, signing a one-year contract. Upon joining the club, <mask> said joining a club based on playing in the Football League was "too good to miss", stating he would regret if he reject the opportunity. <mask> made his Accrington Stanley debut, making his first start and played the whole game, in the opening game of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Luton Town. Since making his debut, <mask> become an immediate first team regular at the club and earned himself a nickname as "Mr Angry" whenever he's on the pitch, though <mask>, himself, stated he's a serious player, rather than angry. He scored his first goal for the club on 24 October 2015, in a 3–1 win over Dagenham & Redbridge. <mask>'s second goal for the club came on 28 November 2015, in a 5–1 win over York City.As a result, he was awarded with a new contract in January. His second goal later came on 13 February 2016, in a 4–1 win over Crawley Town. In the 2015–16 season, <mask> played all 46 league matches and scoring three times in his first season, as well as, playing 52 matches in all competitions. In the 2016–17 season, <mask> scored his first goal of the season, in the opening game of the season, in a 3–2 win over Doncaster Rovers. Two weeks later on 24 August 2016, he scored again in the last minute of extra time, in a 1–0 win over Burnley in the second round of the League Cup. Six days later, on 30 August 2016, he was given the captaincy for the first time for the whole game, in a 3–0 loss against Crewe Alexandra. He started every match since the start of the season until he was suspended in late-November.After returning to the first team from suspension, <mask> scored again on 2 January 2017, as well as, setting up one of the goals, in a 2–2 draw against Hartlepool United. Several weeks later, however, he was sent-off in "the 12th minute when defender <mask> <mask>'s challenge on Macaulay Gillesphey was judged high and dangerous by referee Chris Sarginson", in a 1–1 draw against Carlisle United on 21 January 2017. After serving two match ban, <mask> then went on to score five goals between 18 February 2017 and 14 March 2017, including a brace against Leyton Orient. He also scored again towards the end of the season on 29 April 2017, in a 4–1 loss against Luton Town. At the end of the 2016–17 season, <mask> went on to make a total of 51 appearances and scoring 9 times in all competitions. Barnsley
Despite saying he would stay at Accrington Stanley for the 2017–18 season, <mask> signed for Barnsley, signing a three-year contract on 4 August 2017. Although the move was an undisclosed fee, it was reported the transfer fee was in the region of £500,000.<mask> made his Barnsley debut, where he started the whole game, in a 4–3 win over Morecambe on 8 August 2017. Seven days later on 15 August 2017, he scored his first goal for Barnsley in a 2–1 win against Nottingham Forest. Since then, <mask> found himself in and out of the first team, due to strong competitions and played in the left-back position as a result. This also combined with his own injury concern. Luton Town
<mask> signed for newly promoted League One club Luton Town on 26 June 2018 on a three-year contract for an undisclosed fee. Huddersfield Town
<mask> agreed to sign for fellow Championship club Huddersfield Town on 20 May 2021 on a three-year contract, with the option of a further year, effective from 1 July. He scored his first goal for Huddersfield in a 5-1 defeat to Fulham on 14 August 2021.

International career
After appearing once in the England U18, <mask> was called up by England C in September 2013.<mask> made his England C debut against Latvia U23 and played the whole game and almost scored, in a 1–0 defeat. After the match, <mask> reflected on his England C debut, stating it was a great experience and hope he can have that chance again. Career statistics

Honours
Luton Town
EFL League One: 2018–19

References

External links
Profile at the Huddersfield Town A.F.C. website
Profile at the Football Association website

1993 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Keighley
Footballers from West Yorkshire
English footballers
Association football defenders
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Rochdale A.F.C. players
FC Halifax Town players
Accrington Stanley F.C.players
Barnsley F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
England youth international footballers

masks:
Matthew Joe Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Matty
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson
Pearson


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<mask>, United States Army captain, is a military intelligence officer who served in both Afghanistan and Iraq. She was implicated by the Fay Report to have "failed" in several aspects of her command regarding her oversight of interrogators at Abu Ghraib. She was alleged by Amnesty International to be centrally involved in the 2003 Abu Ghraib and 2002 Bagram prisoner abuse cases. <mask> is featured in the 2008 Academy award-winning documentary Taxi to the Dark Side. <mask> previously served ten years as an enlisted soldier in the U.S. Army, rising to the rank of Staff Sergeant, before being commissioned as an officer. Controversies

Bagram Abuse controversy, December 2002
In July 2002 <mask> was in command of about 20 analysts and interrogators in the intelligence unit located at Bagram Collection Point. She expanded the interrogation procedures with the use of stress positions, isolation for up to thirty days, removal of clothing, and exploitation of detainees' phobias, such as the use of barking dogs.Two prisoners, Dilawar and Habibullah, were killed in custody in December. When Military Police guards were charged with their beatings they tried to mitigate their responsibility by attempting to link the intelligence unit's expanded interrogation procedures as leading to such abuse. The MPs had been trained to use non-lethal force on violent and combative detainees, including painful peroneal strikes referred to as "compliance blows". These strikes are used in civilian law enforcement but were later determined to not be part of Army doctrine. Their arguments failed to exonerate them but was readily accepted by critics and opponents of the U.S. side in the War on Terror. Many of the enhanced interrogation procedures, such as the use of barking dogs, were later overturned after review by military lawyers. The practice of shackling a captive's hands above their heads was classified as criminal assault.Invoked her right to protection against self-incrimination
<mask> was called as a witness during the court martial of Willie Brand the first GI to be charged. But, on legal advice, <mask> invoked her right to protection against self-incrimination. The Arizona Daily Star quoted speculation over <mask>'s role, addressing the concern that <mask> had been unaware of the most extreme abuse of her subordinates, and addressing the concern that <mask> had merely passed on authorization for the abuse from more senior officers. Abu Ghraib abuse controversy, August–December 2003
<mask> arrived in Abu Ghraib on August 4, 2003 and took the initiative to recommend the establishment of the Hard Site in Abu Ghraib based on her experience in Afghanistan. The Hard Site was opened on August 25, 2003. This was intended as an isolation area to house detainees determined to be of intelligence value, but it was also used by MPs to isolate violent detainees. It became the location of the incidents that first provoked public controversy after criminal detainees were moved into the Hard Site for rioting, and then later revealed to have been humiliated by guards on the night shift.As in Bagram, the accused guards claimed they were ordered to do this to soften detainees for interrogation. <mask> testified in the pretrial hearing against Lynndie England that the conduct went far beyond the intelligence orders she had given to the MPs at Abu Ghraib. England later admitted the intelligence rules had played no role in the incident, but the incident had already provoked a major Army inquiry into Army practices at Abu Ghraib. <mask> played a key role in drafting the interrogation rules that were issued from General Ricardo Sanchez's office on September 14, 2003. These were revised twice more, on legal advice that the originals could lead to violations of the Geneva Conventions. Many techniques remained, however, and some were to be permitted on a case-by-case basis only with General Sanchez's authorization. The Army inquiry concluded there was confusion on this matter under Captain <mask>'s leadership, and some interrogation techniques continued to be used without the required authorization.In testimony before the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee:
Army Col. Marc Warren, a U.S. military lawyer, told the committee that <mask>, who is a military intelligence officer, developed the list of techniques after researching methods "used by interrogators in other places," or described in "any document that we could find" on Army interrogation rules. Warren conceded that the methods <mask> came up with, if used in certain combinations, "may very well ... violate the Geneva Conventions." <mask>'s role at Abu Ghraib is featured in Alex Gibney's 2008 Academy award-winning documentary Taxi to the Dark Side. Findings of the Fay/Jones Report
The Fay/Jones Report's final mention of <mask> contained the following findings:Finding: CPT <mask>. <mask>, Officer in Charge, Interrogation Control Element (ICE), Joint Interrogation and Debriefing Center, 519 MI BDE A preponderance of evidence supports that CPT <mask> failed to do the following: Failed to implement the necessary checks and balances to detect and prevent detainee abuse. Given her knowledge of prior abuse in Afghanistan, as well as the reported sexual assault of a female detainee by three 519 MI BN Soldiers working in the ICE, CPT <mask> should have been aware of the potential for detainee abuse at Abu Ghraib. As the Officer-in-Charge (OIC) she was in a position to take steps to prevent further abuse.Her failure to do so allowed the abuse by Soldiers and civilians to go undetected and unchecked. Failed to assist in gaining control of a chaotic situation during the IP Roundup, even after SGT Eckroth approached her for help. Failed to provide proper supervision. Should have been more alert due to the following incidents: An ongoing investigation on the 519 MI BN in Afghanistan. Prior reports of 519 MI BN interrogators conducting unauthorized interrogations. SOLDIER29's reported use of nudity and humiliation techniques. Quick Reaction Force (QRF) allegations of detainee abuse by 519th MI Soldiers.Failed to properly review interrogations plans which clearly specified the improper use of nudity and isolation in interrogations and as punishment. Failed to ensure that Soldiers were properly trained on interrogation techniques and operations. Failed to adequately train Soldiers and civilians on the ICRP.Recommendation: This information should be forwarded to CPT <mask>'s chain of command for appropriate action.Courts Martial of the dog handlers
In late May 2006 <mask> testified at the courts-martial of the Abu Ghraib dog handlers that all personnel at the prison had signed General Sanchez's memo authorizing extended interrogation techniques. When asked if she would have approved the use of dogs against detainees <mask> testified: "Using an unmuzzled dog goes against the CG's (commanding general's) policy. "Military career
Captain <mask> was awarded two Bronze Stars for the services she provided in Afghanistan and Iraq. According to a CBC documentary on Abu Ghraib a Bronze Star awarded to <mask> following the deaths in custody was awarded for valor. On January 22, 2003, Capt.<mask><mask> receives a Bronze Star for “exceptional meritorious service” as the head of military intelligence interrogators at Bagram. She and her small platoon of 15 interrogators from the 519th Military Intelligence Battalion returned from Afghanistan to their base at Fort Bragg, North Carolina earlier in the month. On May 8, 2003, <mask> receives her second Bronze Star
According to an article published in The Guardian on June 23, 2004, six months after her withdrawal from Abu Ghraib, <mask> was taking an advanced interrogation course at Fort Huachuca, the Army's primary intelligence training centre.The Guardian reported that although <mask> hadn't been charged, she had been allocated a military lawyer. According to the Arizona Daily Star on  March 26, 2005 <mask> was still stationed at Fort Huachuca. According to the CBC, <mask> was only a First Lieutenant when her company was sent to Bagram, and her second Bronze Star was awarded after her return from Abu Ghraib. The CBC said, on November 16, 2005 that <mask> was still an interrogation instructor at the Army's military intelligence instruction centre at Fort Huachuca., CPT <mask> remains on Active Duty, assigned to the 501st Military Intelligence Brigade, and is the Company Commander of the Headquarters and Operations Company of the 527th Military Intelligence Battalion. See also

 Prisoner abuse

References

External links

Army Details Scale of Abuse of Prisoners in an Afghan Jail, The New York Times, March 12, 2005
An open letter to US Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld
Tim Golden,  Abuse case falters, long after 2 Afghans died, The New York Times, February 13, 2006
Failures of Imagination, Columbia Journalism Review'', 2005, issue 5

Living people
United States Army officers
United States Army personnel of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
Women in the United States Army
United States military personnel at the Abu Ghraib prison
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women in 21st-century warfare

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