texts:
<mask> is a Francophone African woman novelist and literary critic. She is Professor of AfroAmerican and African Studies and Comparative Literature at the University of Michigan and is currently the Hunting Family Fellow at the Institute for the Humanities. She is best known for her novels, which focus on gender and sexuality in Sub-Saharan Africa, and her work on the writer Jean Genet, particular her political analysis of his prison writing, and his impact as a race theorist in the Francophone world. Her research and teaching focuses on literature, film, race and law in the Francophone world, spanning France, Africa, the Caribbean and the Maghreb. Life
<mask> was born in Cameroon and was raised in Switzerland. Ekotto received her B.A. from Colorado College in 1986, and her PhD in Comparative Literature from the University of Minnesota in 1994.She won the prestigious Chateaubriand fellowship to complete her dissertation. Ekotto began working at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1994. She has held faculty and leadership positions at the Concordia Language Villages in Minnesota, University of Technology, Sydney, Sichuan University, and the Consortium of Universities of Wisconsin, Indiana and Michigan in Aix-en-Provence, France. Creative writing

<mask>'s recent novel, Chuchote pas trop/Don't Whisper Too Much was published by the major French publishing house, L'Harmattan, in 2005. The novel focuses on a love affair between two women, Siliki and Ada. Siliki is handicapped, and older than Ada, and the story chronicles their love and intimacy through writing as a common mode of communication. Siliki mean silk in Douala, Ekotto's first language.In an interview, <mask> has said that the homoerotic content of the novel made it difficult to find a publisher in Africa, as it is the first positive depiction of love between women in the African context. Don't Whisper Too Much and Portrait of A Young Artiste from Bona Mbella, translated to English by Corine Tachtiris, were published by Bucknell University Press in 2019. <mask>'s writing has been said to have been heavily influenced by Jean Genet. Critical work
<mask>'s scholarly work covers Jean Genet and on film and literature in the Francophone world. In her first book, L’Ecriture carcérale et le discours juridique chez Genet/Prison Writing and Legal Discourse in Jean Genet (L'Harmattan, 2001), she studied the rhythms and rhetorical patterns of prisoners in French literature as a form of "minor literature", a category discussed by philosophers Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari. In this book, Ekotto discusses how prisoners depict the consequences of criminal prosecution and imprisonment using the codes of literary expression. Her later work expands upon the production of criminality to discuss how race is produced and entrenched as a legal and political discourse.Her second book, What Color is Black? Race and Sex across the French Atlantic, (Lexington, 2011) argues that the French Atlantic has shaped notions of race, slavery and colonialism throughout the Atlantic World through contributing a distinctly French philosophical paradigm to the Civil Rights Movement. Through literary and historical analysis of Jean Genet's play Les Nègres/The Blacks, Ekotto argues that Genet brings together both one of the most compelling signifiers of African-American pride and anger in the Civil Rights Movement and the Francophone Négritude movement. Throughout all of her work, Ekotto has been interested in the aesthetic potential and limitations of cultural tropes. Her a recent edited collection on Jean Genet, Toutes Les Images du language: Jean Genet, capitalises on the concept of the stereotype in the institution. Ekotto has commented in an interview: "Confinement is a serious issue for me—and it is not just the confinement of being behind closed doors or in prisons or whatever. What I call confinement is the impossibility of feeling free, of being able to participate in the world without feeling constrained by one's race, one's gender, one's sexual orientation etc.In a sense you're never free to do what you want because of all the outside forces that control you and control everything else." Race and Sex across the French Atlantic

In Race and Sex across the French Atlantic, Ekotto unpacks Jean Genet's play Les Nègres/The Blacks in the 1960s United States to shed light on the Civil Rights Movement, riots in the Parisian banlieues (suburbs), and abstract French theatre. Through bringing these three events together, Ekotto argues that the French Atlantic represents "a fundamentally different philosophical and epistemological framework for articulations on black subjectivity throughout history." Chapter one of the book focuses on the African-American playwright Lorraine Hansberry's response to Les Nègres/The Blacks. Chapter two traces the genealogy of the French term "nègre" and the English "nigger" and its creation of alterity in European and United States cultural discourse. The book's third chapter uses Faïze Guène's Kiffe, kiffe demain to link French colonial history to the 2009 Parisian riots. The final chapter performs a close reading of Dany Laferrière's Comment faire l'amour avec un nègre sans se fatiguer/How to Make Love to a Negro without Getting Tired to explore the role of sexuality in the formation of alterity.About this book, Roxanna Curto has written that "Ekotto makes a compelling argument for a trans-Atlantic approach, and skilfully illustrates how literary texts in French critique Western philosophy." Selected works
 <mask>, F., 2011, Race and Sex across the French Atlantic: The Color of Black in Literary, Philosophical, and Theater Discourse (New York: Lexington Press). <mask>. F., and B. Boisseron (eds). 2011.Voix du monde : Nouvelles francophones (Bordeaux: Presses Universitaires de Bordeaux, France). <mask>, F., 2010, Portrait d’une jeune artiste de Bona Mbella (a novel, Paris: L’Harmattan). <mask>, F., and Adeline Koh (eds).2009. Rethinking Third Cinema: The Role of Anti-colonial Media and Aesthetics in Postmodernity. Germany: LIT Berlin. <mask>, F., Aurélie Renaud; Agnès Vannouvong. 2008. Toutes les images du langage: Jean Genet, Presse de l'Université de Paris Sorbone/Biblioteca Della Ricerca, Transatlantique 9. <mask>, F., 2005, Chuchote pas trop (a novel; Paris: L'Harmattan).<mask>, F., 2001, L'Ecriture carcérale et le discours juridique: Jean Genet, Paris: L’Harmattan. <mask>, F., and Delvaux, M., 1998, Special issue of L'Esprit Créateur on the topic of "Narrative and Confinement." <mask>, F., Don't Whisper Too Much and Portrait of A Young Artiste from Bona Mbella, English translation by Corine Tachtiris. (Bucknell University Press, 2019). References

Living people
University of Michigan faculty
Colorado College alumni
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Cameroonian novelists
Cameroonian women novelists
21st-century novelists
20th-century Cameroonian writers
21st-century Cameroonian writers
20th-century Cameroonian women writers
21st-century Cameroonian women writers

masks:
Frieda Ekotto
Frieda Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto
Ekotto


type: original

texts:
<mask> (October 15, 1896 – December 23, 1991) was an American painter and printmaker. Her early prints focus on the role of women, sometimes in a satirical manner, in a style known as urban realism. Early life and education

<mask> was born on October 15, 1896 in Newark, New Jersey, the youngest of five children. She began to study art in 1924 at the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, while married and living in Brooklyn, taking care of her two children. By 1928, she was studying at the Art Students League with John Sloan and Kenneth Hayes Miller, whose satirical depictions of city life influenced her own style. She had her first solo exhibition in 1930 at the New School for Social Research. Career
As a young mother, she attended the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Science, the New York School of Applied Design for Women and Art Students League of New York (1928–35), where she studied with John Sloan, Harry Sternberg, Kimon Nicolaïdes, and Kenneth Hayes Miller.She had her first solo exhibit in 1930 at the New School for Social Research. In 1934, she divorced her husband and moved with her two children to Union Square, New York where she became involved in the Fourteenth Street School. There, she became acquainted with other artists of the movement, including Isabel Bishop, Reginald Marsh, and Raphael Soyer. During this period, <mask> often drew her subject matter from her urban surroundings, depicting the people and places of Union Station in an urban realist style. Her work was also influenced by that of artist Honoré Daumier. In 1935, <mask> had her first major critically acclaimed solo show titled "Feminanities," at the Midtown Gallery in New York City. The work in this show addressed issues of gender and sexism in a satirical light; in these pieces, Citron not only criticized men for the subordination of women, but also held women accountable for their own complicity in a sexist society.Pieces such as Beauty Parlor (1933) and Demonstration (1932) depicted women's preoccupation with the culture of beauty, while pieces such as Cold Comfort (1935) more directly address the objectification of women for the pleasure of men. In the late 1930s, <mask> became involved with the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project, working as a teacher from 1935 to 1937, and completing numerous government mural commissions between 1938 and 1942. Her work includes the oil on canvas murals titled Horse Swapping in the Manchester, Tennessee post office and TVA Power in the Newport, Tennessee post office, commissioned by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts, and completed in the early 1940s. During this time, <mask> also taught at the Brooklyn Museum School (1940-1944) and at the Pratt Institute. She also became a member of the Society of American Graphic Artists. In the early 1940s, <mask>'s work shifted towards a more abstract style. She joined Atelier 17, a renowned printmaking school and studio which had been relocated to New York due to World War II.There, she encountered numerous artists such as Marc Chagall, André Masson, and Jacques Lipchitz, and began experimenting with new styles and innovative techniques. During her time at Atelier 17, she pioneered new methods of three-dimensional printmaking and assemblage. She also began to embrace chance, spontaneity, and mistakes in her work and relying on improvisation or automatism, a method consistent with the work of other artists at Atelier 17 and perhaps influenced by <mask>'s interest in Freudian psychoanalysis and the unconscious, which she had become familiar with in the 1920s. Soon after World War II she traveled abroad to Paris. In the 1950s, she taught art at the High School of Music & Art where she was respected as a teacher who introduced her students to all the possible means of expression from realism to the current avant-garde abstract expressionists. A 1960 solo exhibit in Zagreb was the first time an American artist had mounted such a show in Yugoslavia. In the 1970s (when she was in her seventies), she strongly identified with the women's movement and considered herself a feminist at heart, although she was never directly involved with organized feminist movements or protests.During the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> continued to produce prints, alternating between abstract and representational styles. She continued to work well into her nineties. In 1985, she received the Women's Caucus for Art Lifetime Achievement Award. Personal life and legacy
<mask> Wright married <mask>, a businessman; they had two sons, Casper and Thomas, before their divorce in 1935. She had a longtime relationship with lawyer and philanthropist Arthur B. Brenner; their shared interest in psychoanalysis was an influence on <mask>'s work. <mask> <mask> died on 21 December 1991, age 95, at Beth Israel Hospital, Manhattan. Her papers are at Syracuse University.Her work is in the collection of the Georgia Museum of Art. 116 of her prints can be found in the collection of the Ulrich Museum of Art. A traveling exhibition of her work, titled "<mask> <mask>: The Uncharted Course From Realism to Abstraction," was organized by the Juniata College Museum of Art in Huntingdon, PA and the artist's granddaughter. It appeared at Georgia Museum of Art late in 2012, Texas A&M University in 2013, and at University of Richmond in late 2014. It opened at Syracuse University in February 2015. <mask>'s work is also included in a traveling exhibition "Prints by Women: Selected European and American Works from the Georgia Museum of Art," organized by the Georgia Museum of Art. Her image is included in the iconic 1972 poster  Some Living American Women Artists by Mary Beth Edelson.References

External links
 <mask> <mask> works in the Smithsonian American Art Museum

1896 births
1991 deaths
Feminist artists
Art Students League of New York alumni
American women painters
American muralists
20th-century American painters
Artists from Newark, New Jersey
Painters from New Jersey
People of the New Deal arts projects
20th-century American women artists
American women printmakers
Women muralists
20th-century American printmakers
New York School of Applied Design for Women alumni
Atelier 17 alumni

masks:
Minna Wright Citron
Minna Wright
Citron
Citron
Citron
Citron
Citron
Citron
Citron
Minna
Henry Citron
Citron
Minna
Citron
Minna
Citron
Citron
Minna
Citron


texts:
<mask><mask> (August 28, 1880 – March 25, 1954) was a 20th-century police judge and city attorney in Los Angeles, California, who became known and commended throughout the nation. Personal

<mask> was born in Mazeppa, Minnesota on August 28, 1880. His parents were Sarah J. Hill and <mask>. He had a younger sister <mask>. When <mask> was about nine years old his mother died. Soon after, his father died or abandoned his children. <mask> and <mask> lived with relatives in Oronoco, Minnesota.As a young man, <mask> lived and worked on a farm run by his grandfather, <mask>. Hill, until he was seventeen. <mask> came to California in 1904. He was married on April 9, 1909, to Ada B. Tripp in her home at 755 Maple Avenue. He was a member of the Jonathan Club, Wilshire Country Club, Blue Lodge and Scottish Rite Masonic Order and Al Malaikah Temple of the Shrine. <mask> died at the age of 73 on March 25, 1954, in Good Samaritan Hospital after suffering a heart attack in his home at 5531 Red Oak Drive in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood. He was survived by his widow, Ada R<mask>; a son, <mask>, and a daughter, Geraldine Warwick-Owensmith. A funeral service was conducted in the Hollywood Beverly Christian Church, 1717 North Gramercy Place, with interment in Inglewood Park Cemetery.Vocation

Following his grandfather's death in 1897, <mask> went to Pine Island, Minnesota, to study telegraphy under James Finegan, of the Chicago and Northwestern Railway. After eighteen months, he became a night telegraph operator for the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway. From there <mask> went to St. Paul and worked for his cousin, W. A. Tilden in the wholesale commission business. He became an auditor with the Northern Pacific Railroad. He also studied stenography and took a job in the general freight office of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha Railroad, advancing to private secretary to H. M. Pearce, the general freight agent. In 1904 <mask> came to California and worked as a telegrapher for the Santa Fe Railroad and as a secretary before resettling in San Pedro, California. He was the manager of an annexation committee that successfully campaigned to annex a shoestring strip connecting Los Angeles with the harborfront cities of San Pedro and Wilmington.He next became secretary or assistant secretary in the Los Angeles County Good Roads Association and organized a campaign on behalf of paving the roadways in Los Angeles County. In July 1907 he was named secretary of a new County Highway Commission. He read law in the offices of Bryan Hanna, a pioneer Los Angeles attorney, and was admitted to the bar in 1909. For two years <mask> was in private practice until he was appointed a police judge in 1911; he then successfully faced the voters in 1914 and 1918. He did not stand for reelection in 1922. He was in private practice again until 1933, when he was elected city attorney over the incumbent, Erwin P. Warner, and was afterward reelected in the primaries by heavy majorities four times. In his first election, it was said that Chesebro was a beneficiary of <mask>. Haight's organization, the Minute Men, who backed Thatcher L. Kemp in his campaign against Buron Fitts for reelection as Los Angeles city attorney.Of his time as city attorney, the Los Angeles Times reported that <mask>:

completely reorganized the office with an eye toward economy and cut costs nearly a quarter in the first four years. The appointive office of City Prosecutor, formerly a political plum, was abolished and its functions taken over by the City Attorney's office. For the first time, he created a criminal division in the office. <mask>'s legal work in fields like "zoning, public works, bond issues, water supplies, Federal-municipal relations, loyalty oaths and control of tidelands resources, was known throughout the nation and widely commended." Described as "a major figure in the local policial scene," he retired in July 1953 and was succeeded by Roger Arnebergh. Opinions and positions

Police judge

 In 1917, Chesebro defended the Police Department's use of its "Metropolitan or 'Purity' Squad" to apprehend prostitutes. He said:

Today the methods employed are to take some marked money, go to a street frequented by outcast women and agree with one of them to go to a rooming-house.There the officer gives the woman the marked money and she is arrested on a charge of violating the rooming-house ordinance. That is the only method we can employ [as opposed to] a system of espionage by which an officer would watch a suspected woman until she should meet a man and go to a room with him. Then the arrest would be made, but the policeman would have to prove that the arrested people were not married. If every man and woman would  stand pat, no convictions could be secured. City attorney

 On direction of the City Council, <mask> filed suit in 1940 against the owners of Gilmore Island, an unincorporated area in West Los Angeles, where sporting events, he said, resulted in "vehement complaints of some 30,000" city residents living next to the area. He said the activities "create unbearable noises, rowdyism and glaring lights way into the night, depriving the persons living there of normal, quiet and happy homes." He warned a convention of the National Institute of Municipal Law Officers in 1941 against the "specter of government ownership of tide and submerged lands," which, he said, included more than $2 billion worth of oil deposits off the coast of Southern California.He warned against "oil-grab" bills that "either died a natural death or are in a state of coma to be brought to life at some future date when resistance is not so severe." In 1946-47 he was a trustee of the organization. In 1944, <mask> ordered the closing of a building at 253 South Broadway which had been used as sleeping quarters for U.S. servicemen, warning that "there is unquestioned violation of State fire laws" and alluding to a 1942 Boston night club fire in which more than 400 persons died and city officials there were convicted of lax law enforcement. Any public worker could be barred from holding membership in a labor union if such an affiliation is ruled "against public interests," <mask> opined in the wake of a 1947 appellate court decision that upheld the dissolution of a police officers union. If the board in charge of the department finds "that union membership of its employees is against public interest[,] the board simply tells the workers either to get out of the union of off the public pay roll." There would be no way to confine gangster Mickey Cohen unless he has committed a crime, <mask> told the City Council in a 1952 written opinion after City Councilman Kenneth Hahn suggested that Cohen be taken into protective custody "where he will not be a constant hazard to the safety of innocent persons." <mask> said: "We cannot proceed against him on the basis of his being a public nuisance when nuisance consists primarily of people who assault his home or himself, each of which instance is beyond his control.... "

Legacy

After his retirement, he was honored by the National Institute of Municipal Law Officers for "setting an example of the way a City Attorney's office should be run" with a citation that read: "In a city where tremendous increases of population created problems of vast magnitude, his solutions to new legal questions will stand forever as a monument." Burglary

During the cemetery rites for <mask>, two Los Angeles police officers were waiting inside <mask>'s Hollywood Hills home on a stakeout in hopes of catching a burglar who had been looting the homes of families during funeral services. They apprehended and, after a short chase, arrested an ex-convict who had broken into and entered <mask>'s home. The man, who admitted stealing $10,000 worth of property from other homes, had been watching newspapers "for his cues, especially daily when services were announced for a prominent person," the Los Angeles Times reported. References and notes

1881 births
1954 deaths
Los Angeles City Attorneys
20th-century American politicians
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading law
People from Wabasha County, Minnesota
20th-century American lawyers

masks:
Raymond L
. Chesebro
Chesebro
George Chesebro
Lillian
Ray
Ray
Lillian
Ray
Levi P
Chesebro
Chesebro
. Chesebro
Marvin Chesebro
Ray
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Raymond L
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro
Chesebro


texts:
Elizabeth Mae "<mask>" <mask> (born October 10, 1983) is an American singer, musician, and songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer and rhythm guitarist of hard rock band Halestorm, which she co-founded with her brother <mask> in 1997. Career

<mask> began writing and performing music in 1997. She has since gained success as Halestorm's lead singer, and with guest appearances alongside artists such as Eric Church, Lindsey Stirling, Shinedown, Machine Gun Kelly, Black Stone Cherry, Seether, Adrenaline Mob, Ray Wylie Hubbard, The Hu, and Stone Sour. Revolver appearances
In the December 2009 issue of Revolver magazine, <mask> appeared on the cover alongside former Landmine Marathon vocalist Grace Perry as one of the "Hottest Chicks in Metal". For most years since, <mask> has been listed as one of the magazine's "Hottest" either in the magazine and/or in its Hottest Chicks calendar. For the magazine's February/March 2015 issue, <mask> appeared alone on the cover for both a feature article and once more as one of Revolver'''s "25 hottest chicks in hard rock and metal".<mask> has also written the advice column "Ask Lzzy" for Revolver. Gibson Brand Ambassador
In 2021, Gibson announced that <mask> was being named the first female Gibson Brand Ambassador. A long time fan and user, <mask> had previously partnered with Gibson to design the Limited Edition Lzzy Hale Explorer guitar. As a Brand Ambassador, it was announced <mask> would help create new signature models from Gibson, Epiphone, and Kramer. She was also added to the Gibson Gives Advisory Board, a group “where artists present philanthropic opportunities that fulfill the Gibson Gives foundation’s mission of creating, developing, and supporting non-profit organizations to advance musicians, youth-focused education, and wellness initiatives.”

Guest appearances

As a musical artist <mask> has collaborated with a number of other notable bands. Some of the songs she has lent vocals to include:
 Shinedown songs "Shed Some Light" (on Us and Them) and "Breaking Inside" (on The Sound of Madness). Device's cover song "Close My Eyes Forever" (on Device)
 Trans-Siberian Orchestra's "Forget About the Blame (Moon Version)" (on Letters From the Labyrinth)
 Lindsey Stirling's title track "Shatter Me" (on Shatter Me)
 Black Stone Cherry's "Won't Let Go" (on Between the Devil & the Deep Blue Sea)
 Adrenaline Mob's cover of "Come Undone" (on Omertá) originally by Duran Duran
 Stone Sour's cover of "Gimme Shelter" (on Straight Outta Burbank...) originally by The Rolling Stones
Machine Gun Kelly's "Spotlight" (on General Admission)
Dada Life's track "Tic Tic Tic"
Dream Theater track "Our New World" (single, 2016)
New Years Day's cover of "Only Happy When It Rains" (on Diary of a Creep) originally by Garbage.Also performed live at the 2017 Alternative Press Music Awards. On April 7, 2018, <mask>, backed by Cane Hill, played wrestler Ember Moon to the ring for her NXT Women's title defence against Shayna Baszler, performing her entrance theme "Free the Flame" at NXT TakeOver: New Orleans. She was also announced to be a judge on the inaugural season of the television show “No Cover”, a music competition show where unsigned bands and artists will perform original songs with the hope of winning a record contract. Awards and nominations

Personal life
<mask> is the fourth Elizabeth Mae in her family, she said in an interview for Loudwire'''s "Wikipedia Fact or Fiction". On October 11, 2014, <mask> said she is bisexual on her personal Twitter account. In 2015, bandmate Josh Smith confirmed that <mask> was in a relationship with fellow Halestorm guitarist Joe Hottinger, and in 2021, <mask> stated on Twitter, “I’m a bi gal in an 18-year relationship with a man.“

On February 29, 2020, <mask> performed at Nashville SC's inaugural Major League Soccer match at Nissan Stadium. <mask> often speaks out about the importance of supporting one's mental health.In 2018, she started the #RaiseYourHorns trend online following the suicide of Huntress vocalist Jill Janus, resulting in thousands of pictures being posted online from celebrities and rock fans sharing their own experiences with mental illness. References

External links

 Halestorm at Atlantic Records
 GRAMMY Award Results for <mask> <mask>

Living people
American women heavy metal singers
American rock guitarists
Grammy Award winners
People from Red Lion, Pennsylvania
Singers from Pennsylvania
American hard rock musicians
Bisexual musicians
Bisexual women
LGBT singers from the United States
LGBT songwriters
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
1983 births
20th-century American women guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Lzzy
Hale
Arejay Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Lzzy
Hale


texts:
<mask> (born November 6, 1985 in El Limón) is a beach volleyball and volleyball player from Costa Rica who played the 2006 and 2010 FIVB indoor World Championships and the 2015 World Championships and the 2016 Summer Olympics in beach volleyball. Personal and early life
<mask> is  tall , born as <mask> on June 11, 1985 in Limón, Limón Province, Costa Rica. She is the daughter of <mask> a former basketball player, and Brenda Charles Clark, now-deceased, who is former sports educator and  national record holder in track and field. She have an older sister named <mask> and a little brother named Carlton. As an Afro-Costa Rican, she expressed along with boxer Hanna Gabriel pride for her roots, backing and celebrating the Day of the Black Person and Afro-Costa Rican Culture. Career

2006
Kope played the Pan-AmericanCup, reaching the eleventh place and the seventh place during the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games, where most of the Costa Rican athletes had to cover their own expenses, including the entire volleyball team. After playing the TV Azteca Women's Stars tournament, she made the selection for the 2006 FIVB World Championship, appointed for jumping ability and considered one of the team's top players.The Costa Rica national team, then ranked No.33, lost 0–3 in their World Championships debut to Korea in spite of <mask>'s team resistance, and many defensive mistakes. 0–3 to Japan to worsen 0–2 in the pool A ranking and finally, her national team won their first ever set, but losing 1–3 to Poland, even when <mask> was a highlight because of her jumping abilities and spike, while losing their third match. They beat Kenya in a 3-2 comeback, the first ever win for her national team in the World Championships, they thanked the audience support while their captain admitted their better concentration through the match as one of the key roles for the win. After they lost to Chinese Taipei 0-3 they were eliminated in the first round of the championship, finally ranking tied-17th. While playing World Championship, she signed with the Swedish club EVS Engelholm Volleyball Sallskap, with plans to play professional volleyball and study. She got that through the Costa Rica National team advisor, Canadian Lorne Sawula, who sent a video to Sweden. She played the 2006/2007 CEV Top Teams Cup, and helped her team to reach the continental cup semifinals and the local league second place.2007
When she finished her season with the Swedish team, she returned to Costa Rica to play with the local University of Costa Rica. She also announced her singing with the Swiss club Kanti Schaffhausen. She then played the Pan-American Cup where her team played without any preparation games. Her team lost the seventh place match game against Peru, besides <mask>'s 14 points. And later went to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to play the volleyball tournament of the Pan American Games. Besides being the top or second best scorer for her team, they lost 0–3 to the Dominican Republic and 2–3 to Mexico, ending her participation in eighth place. 2008
<mask> played the 2007-08 CEV Challenge Cup season with her Swiss team and lost to Romanian Dinamo Romprest Bucuresti in the third round.During the 2008–09 CEV Cup With Kanti Schaffhausen, they defeated the Croatian OTP Banka Pula 3-0 and 3–0 in the 1/16 round and later to the Portuguese Clube Desportivo Ribeirense 2-3 and 3–0. Before falling to the German Rote Raben Vilsbiburg in the quarterfinals in January 2009. 2009
Kanti Schaffhausen was unable to achieve their first championship being defeated by Volley Köniz, after Kope suffered a season-ending injury that her club could not overcome, winning anyway the Swiss cup. When she returned from Switzerland, she was called to the national team who was scheduled to play the 2010 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament with lack of warm up games. The only warn up was the Pan-American Cup were her team ranked eight after only advancing to the 5-8 position round after the pool play, and losing to Argentina and Canada. After the Pan American Cup, her national team traveled to Orlando, Florida to play the 2010 FIVB World Championship NORCECA qualification tournament. 2012
<mask> signed with the Puerto Rican club Valencianas de Juncos as the first Costa Rican to play in the Puerto Rican League.Besides the support she gave for the team along the season, she was released on 27 February 2012 when her team was in eighth place to make room for the American Blair Brown. She then returned to Costa Rica to play with San José Bio Gel winning her second Costa Rican championship, the Opening Tournament. She then traveled to Mexico to play the NORCECA Olympic qualification and her team reached the quarterfinals, but only managed to claim the sixth place, not qualifying for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In July she played the Pan-American Cup and after losing to Canada in the 5-8 qualification round, her team only ranked in the ninth place. But she later found herself with an unknown injury that kept her out of the court. But in December, she played the Costa Rican Closing tournament with San José Bio Gel, leading the team to their second straight championship being awarded Most Valuable player. She dedicated that triumph to her deceased mother and confessed that she was planning to share her time either to play indoor volleyball abroad with an attractive contract or a new career in beach volleyball and study veterinary medicine.2015
She won the Central American Beach Volleyball from the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Continental Cup, beating Guatemalans Maria Jose Orellana and Maria Andrea Orellana. In March they were announced as one of the 48 teams that were going to compete in the World Championship, as the first ever Costa Rican representatives in the World Championship. With this joy, they won in April the Costa Rican Beach Volleyball national championship for the second time. She then played the Cayman Islands stop from the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Tour, finishing in the fifth place. In June, she played the Ocean City stop of the National Beach Volleyball League in the United States, with the Costa Rica Olympic Committee backup, winning the bronze medal and using this tournament to improve the blocking and the service effectiveness. Playing in Puerto Cortés, Honduras, <mask> and Alfaro claimed the Central American Championship. Playing in the 2015 Beach Volleyball World Championships, in their first match, they lost 0–2 to the German representatives, 0–2 to the Slovaks, and finally 1–2 to the Poland team.After her participation, <mask> defined playing with the score and improve the closing as the key points for their next competitions and also thanked the support and motivation from Costa Rica during the World Championship. She then traveled to Toronto, Canada to play the 2015 Pan American Games, beating the Chileans 2–1, before an easy 30 minutes win 2–0 to the Nicaraguans, and finished the pool play with a 1–2 loss to the Brazilian team. They defeated 2–0 to the Mexicans in the elimination round but lost 0–2 in the quarterfinals round to the Canadians, and 0-2 the Colombian Galindo sisters and ending their Pan American Games participation in the eighth place when they lost 0–2 to Uruguay. In October she won the NORCECA Beach Volleyball Tour silver medal in Saint Lucia when she lost 0–3 to the Americans Irene Hester and Caitlin Ledoux the gold medal match. 2016
The Costa Rican Institute for Sports and Recreation granted Kope a C$1,500,000 (Costa Rican Colones)approximately  in March 2016 annual scholarship. Togegther with Marcela Araya and Valeria Valenciano the duo of Alfaro and <mask> qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics by winning the NORCECA Continental Cup, first time ever in beach volleyball for their home country. The knowledge of each other and a solid friendship was the foundation to achieve the Olympic berth, she also defined that moment as the result of teamwork and achieving the highest point in her sport career.The team was one of 10 Costa Rica representatives to the games. They lost their first match 0–2 to Australia, 0–2 to Netherlands in the second match.

masks:
Karen Cope Charles
Cope
Karen Cope Charles
Stwart Cope
Karen
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope
Cope


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<mask> (;  – 9 March 1924) was a Greek Army general and politician. He is particularly notable for his invention of the Schneider-Danglis mountain gun, his service as chief of staff in the Balkan Wars and his participation in the Triumvirate of the Provisional Government of National Defence during World War I. Life

Origin and early life
<mask> was born in Atalanti on 17 November 1853, where his father was serving in an infantry battalion. The family had a long and distinguished history:  Panagiotis was named after his grandfather, <mask>, a Suliot chieftain who had begun serving under Napoleon during the second French occupation of the Ionian Islands, and had become a general during the Greek War of Independence. His son, <mask> (1809–1896), was born in exile in Corfu, entered the Hellenic Army in 1828 in time to fight in the last campaigns of the War of Independence, and after a long career rose to the rank of major general. <mask> was the fourth child of his parents, but only the oldest, his sister Christina, born in 1843, had survived infancy. His two older brothers died early, as did many of his younger siblings, apart from another sister, Polyxeni, born in 1858.During his first years, he followed his father around the various garrison towns in Central Greece. In 1857–1860 the family stayed at Stylida, where Danglis first went into school. In 1860–1862 the family moved to the capital, Athens, where Danglis attended a private school. After participating in the suppression of the failed Nafplion revolt against King Otto in early 1862, Danglis' father was promoted to major and the family moved to Agrinio. From this small provincial town Danglis experienced the tumultuous events of Otto's ouster, the arrival of King George I in 1863, the union of the Ionian islands with Greece, and the outbreak of the Cretan Revolution of 1866–1869. In September 1867 he returned to Athens to attend the first class of high school in the prestigious Varvakeion high school, staying with his maternal grandmother, and his unmarried aunt. Danglis completed the second and third classes of high school at Missolonghi, spending the summers with his family at Agrinio.Although successfully promoted to the fourth class, in July 1870 he decided to enter the Hellenic Military Academy. With the agreement of his father, he returned to Athens on 23 August. After passing the entrance examinations in early September, he enrolled as a cadet on 6 November. During that summer, Danglis also composed a novel, titled "Penelope", which was published in Athens in 1871. Early military career

Training at the Academy

Danglis enrolled in the Army Academy at a crucial juncture: the institution had been badly neglected in the previous years, and only 13 students were attending it when Danglis entered it. His class of 31 cadets, and the reform of its curriculum by the then Minister for Military Affairs, Lt. Colonel Charalambos Zymvrakakis, breathed new life into it.Danglis was a distinguished student. He graduated to the second and third years in third place (only 17 of his class graduated to the second year), and received his first promotion, to Corporal, in 1872. He then
scored first in his class during all subsequent the exams, except for scoring second during the general theoretical exams between the fifth and sixth classes. Promoted to Sergeant Major in 1874, he and his classmates of the senior year began enjoying the social life of Athens. Danglis graduated from the Academy in August 1877 top of his class, and was commissioned as Ensign of Artillery, like most of his colleagues. The artillery, recently enlarged due to a possible Greek participation in the ongoing Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, was facing extreme shortages in qualified officers at the time. The undeclared war of 1878 and its aftermath
Danglis began his service at the 1st Artillery Regiment in Athens, amidst a heady atmosphere of war preparations.On 26 October he was posted to the 6th Mountain Battery, recently equipped with new Krupp guns. The battery moved from Athens to Lamia, close to the then border with the Ottoman Empire, in November. Popular enthusiasm ran high, especially after the Russian army overcame the stubborn Ottoman resistance at the Siege of Plevna—much admired by Danglis in his notes—and advanced towards Constantinople. Revolutionary movements broke out in Crete and Epirus, while the Greek government under Alexandros Koumoundouros finally edged towards entry into the war to safeguard Greek territorial claims and interests. Danglis served in the army of Eastern Greece, under the command of Major General , a nominal force of 6,800 men—Danglis estimated the effectives at 5,500–6,000 at the most. The army set out from Lamia on 21 January, and crossed the border on the next day, despite the onset of extreme cold and heavy rainfall. The local Ottoman garrisons withdrew to Domokos, but the Greek expedition was a fiasco: the bad weather, including snow, and the bad organization led to a dispersal of forces.Finally, on 25 January the Greek force encircled Domokos, and Soutsos began negotiations with the Ottoman commander for its surrender. On the next day, however, the Greek government ordered its troops to return home, as the Russians and Ottomans had signed an armistice on 19 January, and the Great Powers had put pressure on Athens to endure peace. By 28 January, Danglis was back with his unit in Lamia. On 7 February 1878, Danglis was promoted to Second Lieutenant in a slew of promotions across the army. From Lamia he observed the failure of the uprisings in Thessaly and Epirus and Crete, while Greek interests were championed on the diplomatic front by Great Britain as a counter to Russian designs. The political situation remained tense: the Congress of Berlin had decided to award Thessaly up to the Pineios River and Epirus up to the Thyamis River to Greece, but the Ottoman government dragged its feet. Greco-Ottoman negotiations at Preveza in early 1879, and in Constantinople in September–December 1879, broke down.On 13 April 1878, following actions by his father, Danglis was transferred to the 3rd Mountain Battery at his family's home town of Agrinio. The artillery was moved to Lefkada in October 1878, and to a newly constructed but ephemeral encampment at Lepenous—not coincidentally, the electoral district of the then Minister of Military Affairs, Dimitrios Grivas—in May–July 1879. From there Danglis moved with his battery to Athens in August, before being posted to the Arsenal in Nafplion in October, where he assumed command of the artificers' company. On 21 December, he published in the daily Athens newspaper  an anonymous article—signed only as "Omega" and identifying himself only as a professional officer—requesting the removal of the army from the influence of politicians. The ongoing dispute over Epirus and Thessaly meant that the army had been maintained far larger than its peacetime establishment since 1878, to the detriment of the already feeble Greek budget. Thus the 1880 government of Charilaos Trikoupis decided to cut down on military expenses, demobilizing soldiers and reducing the size of the army. This decision proved short-lived, as the Great Powers convened at Berlin in June 1880 and reconfirmed the decisions of 1878, forcing the government to once again engage in preparations for a possible conflict with Turkey; hasty purchases of equipment began in Europe, and in July, a full mobilization aimed at producing a 60,000-strong field army began.Danglis returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment at Athens in October, assigned to the 1st Field Battery. As a result of the increase in the size of the army—already comprising over 45,000 men in late October, and with an establishment strength revised upwards to 82,000 men in December—on 6 December numerous officers were promoted; Danglis was promoted to Lieutenant. In March 1881, the Greek army once again started assembling near the border. On 1 April, Danglis left Piraeus for Agrinio by ship, while his battery moved over land. Due to malaria at Agrinio, his unit moved to Missolonghi, where he assumed command of the 1st Battery. In the meantime, the Great Powers and the Ottoman government had reached an agreement that reduced the amount of territory to be ceded to Greece: in Epirus, only the area around Arta would be ceded. Following pressure by the Powers, the Greek government conceded in the Convention of Constantinople on 2 July.Arta was occupied on 24 June, but Danglis did not arrive until 20 July, taking over command of the 2nd Mountain Battery. Over the next few months, Danglis was transferred with his unit from Arta to Lefkada, Missolonghi, and Agrinio. In late December 1881, Danglis was appointed commander of the 4th Mountain Battery, as well as a squadron comprising the 3rd and 4th Field Batteries, at Arta. His life and career for the next two years is unknown, as little material survives in his archives, apart from reports on tests of Krupp-type artillery packs for mules in April and August 1883. Belgium, the Vosseur mission and the Rumelian crisis
Danglis was promoted to Captain in 1883. Late in that year, he went to Belgium for further studies, the cost of 1,000 francs paid for by his father, who did not hesitate to take loans to that end. In January 1884, he was attached to an artillery regiment at Liège, where he remained until his return to Greece in August.From his letters to his father, Danglis was less than satisfied with his experiences in Belgium, noting critically that "they are not far ahead of us, one sees a lot of 'Greek things' [ῥωμέϊκα] here as well". On his return was appointed adjutant to Brigadier Victor Vosseur, the

masks:
Panagiotis Danglis
Panagiotis Danglis
Giotis Danglis
Georgios Danglis
Panagiotis Danglis


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 head of the 1884–87 French military mission, which had been tasked by Trikoupis with modernizing the Greek Army. The results of the mission, as laid out by Danglis himself in a report requested by the Ministry of Military Affairs in 1898, were meagre, mostly because the mission's recommendations were ignored or modified by the Greek governments, particularly the 1885–1886 government of Theodoros Diligiannis, which was viscerally opposed to any policies espoused by Trikoupis. Nevertheless, the Deligiannis government was involved in a major diplomatic and military crisis with the Ottoman Empire, resulting from the de facto annexation of Eastern Rumelia to the Principality of Bulgaria in September 1885. Deligiannis demanded comparable territorial compensation for Greece from the Ottomans and threatened war, mobilizing the army. As Vosseur's adjutant, Danglis was in a privileged position to observe events. The new army organization, drafted by Vosseur, was voted by Parliament in December, and by April 1886 the army, including the Gendarmerie, had reached a strength of some 75,000 men.As Danglis points out, however, due to lack of training, equipment, and trained officers, only about 50,000 were capable of fighting. Under the pen name "Shell" (Ὀβίς), Danglis published two articles outlining his opinion on the best deployment of the army in the Akropolis newspaper on 5 and 11 January. The Greek government had driven itself into a corner: despite its belligerent rhetoric, it was loath to carry through with its threat of war, and came under intense pressure by the Great Powers to back down, including the blockade of Phaleron by the fleets of the Powers on 26 April. Deligiannis resigned, and after a brief caretaker government under Dimitrios Valvis, Trikoupis returned to power on 8 May. On the next day, as Trikoupis was forming his government, clashes broke out between the Greek and Turkish troops along the line of the border in Thessaly. The clashes lasted until a ceasefire on 11 May, and although generally the Greeks held their own and scored some successes, Danglis considered it fortunate that the ceasefire took place when it did, as  Greece had about 40,000 men deployed facing three times as many Ottoman troops; without any readily available reserves, and exhausted after three days of fighting, the Greek front was brittle, and any Turkish breakthrough would face no opposition to advancing to Larissa. Furthermore, in two places Greek troops had performed poorly: at Koutra, 300 men of the 5th Evzone Battalion had surrendered to the Turks, while at Patsos an entire infantry company fled after an attack by a much smaller Turkish detachment.The two captains responsible for the Koutra incident were court-martialled and condemned to death in August 1887, although the death sentence was immediately commuted by the King. On 8 August 1887, Danglis, again under the pen name "Shell", published an article in Akropolis fiercely critical of the two men. Peacetime service and private life
In the meantime, in January 1886, through the mediation of a retired colonel, Danglis met and became engaged to Sofia Mostra, the 16-year-old daughter of the naval architect—and fellow Army Academy graduate and Epirote—Spyridon Mostras (1827–1899) and Eleni Mela. Their wedding took place on 20 April 1886. The newlywed couple initially lodged in the Mostras family residence at Voukourestiou Street 9. On the occasion of the Bastille Day celebrations in 1886, Danglis received the medal of a knight of the Legion of Honour from the French government. In July and August 1886, Danglis and his wife visited Constantinople and its environs, with Danglis keeping detailed daily notes on the trip in a small notebook.As a member of the Athens garrison, Danglis took part in the festivities to celebrate the coming of age of the Crown Prince, the future Constantine I, in December. On the occasion, on 1 December he received the Silver Cross of the Order of the Redeemer. In the early hours of 6 August 1887, Danglis' first daughter was born. In December 1887, with the departure of the French military mission, Danglis returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment, taking over command of the 3rd Field Battery on 10 December. In February 1888, a translation by Danglis of a treatise (La mission militaire suisse sur le théâtre de la guerre serbo-bulgare) by the Swiss colonel Hugo Hungerbühler on the 1885 Serbo-Bulgarian War, was printed in 1,000 copies. He was promoted to Major in 1892, and in the next year invented the Schneider-Danglis mountain gun. During the Greco-Turkish War of 1897 he served as chief of staff of I Brigade in the Army of Epirus, and fought at the Battle of Gribovo.In the General Staff
A Lieutenant Colonel since 1902, he was transferred to the newly founded General Staff Corps in 1904. Promoted to Colonel in 1907, he participated in the last stages of the Macedonian Struggle in 1908, supervising operations for the "Macedonian Committee" in the Salonica area under the nom de guerre of Parmenion. Following the 1909 Goudi coup, the General Staff Corps was disbanded and Danglis returned to the Artillery, serving as commander of the Army Academy (1910), the 1st Infantry Division, the Greek Gendarmerie, and the 2nd Infantry Division (1911). In 1911, Danglis was promoted to Major General, and became head of the Army General Staff in August 1912, and on the outbreak of the First Balkan War two months later he became chief of staff to Crown Prince Constantine's Army of Thessaly until November 1912, when he became a member of the Greek delegation in the London Peace Conference. Commander in Epirus
Following the assassination of King George in Thessaloniki, Constantine, now king, had to leave Ioannina. Departing, he named Danglis as commander of the army in Epirus, comprising the 2nd, 3rd, 8th, and 13th divisions. Operations had largely concluded so that his main task was completing the occupation of Northern Epirus, pacifying the local population, and strengthening Greek claims in the region, which were being challenged by Italy.Danglis, however, saw this move as the result of machinations by his rivals in the General Staff—Dousmanis foremost—to remove him from the military high command. Constantine continued to show favour to his former chief of staff, naming him to the honorary position of adjutant-general to the King (with Dousmanis as adjutant) on 8 March, and awarding him the cross of the Grand Commander of the Order of the Redeemer on 21 May, but Danglis' requests to return to Athens and resume his proper post were left unanswered; although his appointment was originally termed "temporary", he would continue to command the army in Epirus, later constituted briefly as the III Army Corps and eventually as the V Army Corps, for over two years. After the end of the Second Balkan War, on 9–18 August 1913 Danglis went to Thessaloniki, where he chaired the council of division commanders (then the highest-ranking officers in the army) to decide on the promotions of the career and reserve officers. On 19 August he left by train for Aix-les-Bains, where his family was already on holiday, arriving there on the 25th. On the previous day, however, King Constantine had caused a major diplomatic incident during a speech in Germany: after receiving the rank and baton of a German Generalfeldmarschall by the Kaiser, Constantine had ascribed the Greek successes in the Balkan Wars to the training he and his aides had received in Germany. News of this speech caused uproar in France, leading to a diplomatic crisis with Greece. As a result, on 29 August Danglis—promoted to Lieutenant General at about that time—was ordered to interrupt his vacation and participate, as the official representative of Greece, in the French great field manoeuvres of the year, that had already begun.His participation there, his reputation as a "true friend of France", as well as a judicious and carefully worded interview in the Le Temps that paid tribute to the contributions of the French military mission, quickly calmed the situation and helped restore the Franco-Greek relationship. He then returned to Aix, only to be recalled to Greece by Venizelos on 13 September. Politics, World War I and the National Schism
In late 1914, he left the army and went into politics, joining the Liberal Party of Eleftherios Venizelos in 1915 and elected as an MP for Epirus representing Ioannina. He served as Minister for Military Affairs in Venizelos' short-lived cabinet (10 August – 24 September) in 1915, and supported Venizelos during his struggle against King Constantine in 1915–16. In August 1916, along with Venizelos and admiral Pavlos Kountouriotis, he formed the leading triumvirate of the "Provisional Government of National Defence", a separate government in Thessaloniki. In 1917, Greece formally joined the Entente Powers in the First World War. Danglis was appointed nominal commander-in-chief of the Greek Army, a position he retained until near the war's end when he returned to his parliamentary office.He was formally discharged from the Army on 7 October 1920. In 1921, Danglis succeeded the self-exiled Venizelos as president of the Liberal Party. He died in Athens on 9 March 1924. Notes

Sources

1853 births
1924 deaths
People from Phthiotis
Hellenic Army generals
Chiefs of the Hellenic Army General Staff
Greek military personnel of the Greco-Turkish War (1897)
Greek military personnel of the Macedonian Struggle
Greek military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Greek people of World War I
Greek MPs 1915, 1917–1920
Liberal Party (Greece) politicians
Ministers of Military Affairs of Greece
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
Greek


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<mask> (born 1954) is a Professor of Health Education and Behavior at the University of Florida. She is known for her research on impulsive and harmful behaviors, such as alcohol and substance use, the effect of the environment on addiction, and natural resolutions to risky behavior including alcohol misuse. She has received numerous awards for  excellence in clinical psychology and addiction research, including the 2015 Award for Distinguished Scientific Contributions to Clinical Psychology from the Society of Clinical Psychology (American Psychological Association (APA), Division 12). She was honored by APA, Division 50 (Society of Addiction Psychology) with the Presidential Award for Service to the Division in 2010 and 2012. Biography
<mask> studied chemistry at Stetson University from 1971 to 1973. Subsequently, she attended Duke University, where she graduated magna cum laude with a B.S. in psychology in 1975.<mask> further pursued her education by attending graduate school, obtaining an M.A. (1975) and Ph.D (1977) in Clinical Psychology from Vanderbilt University. At Vanderbilt, <mask> worked with Mark B. Sobell in conducting research on alcohol and its effects on behavior, relapse, and help seeking/recovery from alcohol misuse. In 1998, she completed a M.P.H. in Health Care Organization and Policy at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. <mask> holds the position of professor in the Department of Health Education and Behavior at the College of Health and Human Performance at the University of Florida. She is also the director of the Center for Behavioral Economic Health Research at the University of Florida.<mask>'s former teaching positions includes the University of Florida, Gainesville (1980-1986), Wayne State University (1986-1989), Auburn University  (1989-1999), and University of Alabama at Birmingham (2000-2014). She was a visiting scholar of the Addictive Behaviors Research Center and Department of Psychology at the University of Washington in 1994. <mask> lectures on topics such as stress reduction being a determinant of alcohol usage, historical and contemporary trends of alcohol usage, and alcohol use as a self handicapping strategy. <mask> has received numerous grants for projects including the CITY Health II Project, Time Horizons and the Behavioral Economics of Recovery from Drinking Problems, and the Recovery and Health Seeking Processes in Problem Drinkers. Research
<mask> and her colleagues have studied the effect of the environment on recovery from alcohol misuse and relapse. In one study, she compared individuals who had abstained from alcohol for an average of six years with those who were still active drinkers; in both groups, none of the individuals had received any treatment for substance use. Through interviews, <mask> concluded that individuals who recovered from alcohol misuse had not experienced as many negative events as their peers who had relapsed.In another study examining the relationship between social circumstances and substance abuse, <mask> and colleagues recruited 344 adolescent and young adult residents of low-income neighborhoods in Birmingham, Alabama. They examined the influence of peer pressure by assessing impact of the social network on participants' substance use. The findings confirmed that people who were encouraged by friends and family to use substances had a higher usage rate than those who were discouraged. This is significant because it confirms the importance of social and environmental factors on a person's decisions, especially for individuals transitioning into adulthood. <mask>'s research implies that low-income communities are in need of more prevention programs. She also seeks out further research regarding young adults and their substance use in these areas. <mask>'s work has drawn attention to the positive and negative influences that society can have on a person's substance use.By concluding that society's messages can either help or harm a person, <mask> introduces the need for societal discouragement and better prevention programs to lead people in the right direction. Her work on alcoholic recovery and relapse prevention culminated into a book co-edited with Dennis M. Donovan and G. Alan Marlatt titled Changing Addictive Behavior. In this work, the authors present alternative therapeutic treatments for those with mild or moderate alcoholism, suggesting that the clinical approach does not work for all people. They proposed that individualized treatments are necessary for recovery, as mild to moderate cases of addiction may not warrant the extensive, and usually more costly, treatment that more severe cases do. This suggestion was also made in her co-authored book with Diane Grimley, Public Health Tools for Practicing Psychologists, which proposed techniques to heighten the effectiveness of clinical care. The authors suggest that psychological care must be improved upon to become more individualized to each patient's needs. Representative Publications
 George, A.A., & <mask>, J. A. (1996). Help-seeking for alcohol-related problems: social contexts surrounding entry into alcoholism treatment or Alcoholics Anonymous. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57(4), 449-457. Humphreys, K., & <mask>, J. A.(2002). Toward more responsive and effective intervention systems for alcohol‐related problems. Addiction, 97(2), 126-132. <mask>, J. A. (1995). Predictors of help‐seeking and the temporal relationship of help to recovery among treated and untreated recovered problem drinkers.Addiction, 90(6), 805-809. <mask>, J. A., Cheong, J., James, T. G., Jung, S., & Chandler, S. D. (2020). Preresolution drinking problem severity profiles associated with stable moderation outcomes of natural recovery attempts. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 44(3), 738-745. <mask>, J. A., Vuchinich, R. E., & Sobell, M. B.(1981). Alcohol consumption as a self-handicapping strategy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90(3), 220-230. References

External links
 College of Health and Human Performance Faculty Page

American women psychologists
American psychologists
Clinical psychologists
Duke University Trinity College of Arts and Sciences alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
University of Florida faculty
Living people
1954 births
American women academics

masks:
Jalie A Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
Tucker
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Tucker


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<mask> (born 29 May 1980 in North Shields, England) is an English former professional footballer who mainly played as a striker for Greenock Morton. <mask> also played for Newcastle Blue Star, Queen of the South and Annan Athletic. <mask> was also joint player-manager of Shettleston in the Scottish Juniors, West Region. <mask> started his senior career with Dumfries club Queen of the South from 2000 until 2003, after initially playing with local club Newcastle Blue Star. <mask> then went on to play for Greenock Morton for a decade from 2003 until 2013 and then Annan Athletic from 2013 until 2016, before going to Shettleston in the Scottish Juniors, West Region as joint player-manager. <mask> returned to Annan Athletic for a second spell on 13 January 2017, leaving Shettleston after only five months in charge and retired from playing football at the end of the 2016–17 season, as he approached 37 years old on 29 May 2017. Career

Early years
Born in North Shields, <mask> began his career with local non-league club Newcastle Blue Star.Queen of the South
In the summer of 2000, John Connolly, the Dumfries club Queen of the South's manager, signed <mask> to play in the Scottish Football League, where he mainly featured as a striker and occasionally played as a right midfielder. During the 2001–02 season, <mask> scored 15 league goals in 33 league appearances, as the Palmerston Park club won the Scottish Football League Second Division Championship. Under the captaincy of Jim Thomson, the title was clinched after a 3–0 win at Forfar Athletic on 20 April 2002. In that match, <mask> scored the first two Queens goals and the third goal was scored by Sean O'Connor, who Queens signed from Dundee United, having watched him play for Greenock Morton during his loan spell at Cappielow. At the end of the 2002–03 season, Partick Thistle made an offer of £10,000 to Queens for <mask> moved from Dumfries to Greenock at the start of the 2003–04 season. <mask> scored 14 league goals in 31 league appearances in his first season, scoring a total of 20 goals in 37 appearances in all competitions.Morton led by 12 points at New Year before <mask> broke a metatarsal ruling him out injured for six weeks. Their form promptly collapsed compounded by allegations of a booze culture among players and toxifying unproven rumours reported in the press of <mask> and other players betting against Morton. Morton finished fourth. <mask> started playing in defence after manager Jim McInally used him as a utility centre-back in a 7–1 Tennent's Scottish Cup win away at Cove Rangers. <mask> played at right back for Greenock Morton in the 2006–07 season, from where he still scored goals. On 6 October 2007 <mask> scored a hat-trick versus Partick Thistle as a striker. On 10 March 2007, <mask> scored his 100th career goal in a 3–0 victory versus Alloa Athletic at Recreation Park.<mask> was the Greenock club's top scorer for the 2006–07 season, scoring  four goals in a 9–1 win at Cappielow versus Forfar Athletic and his season's total was then 17 goals, 15 of them scored from playing in defence and 2 from playing in midfield. <mask> finished four of his first seven seasons at Greenock Morton as the club's leading goalscorer. The seasons when <mask> did not achieve this feat was the 2005–06 season, when he finished second behind returning fans' favourite Derek Lilley, then in season 2008–09 when he finished second again, this time behind Brian Wake and finally in season 2010–11, when he finished third behind Brian Graham, who was first and Allan Jenkins, who was second. <mask> is Ton's fourth highest post-World War II league goalscorer with 93 league goals, 5 goals short of another former Queens striker, Rowan Alexander with 98 league goals, who is in third. (See table on club page). After scoring the first of his two goals versus Queens on 8 November 2008, <mask> reached the milestone of 100 league goals in the Scottish Football League, having scored 38 goals for Queens and at that particular time, 62 goals for Greenock Morton. In January 2010, <mask> signed a two-year extension to his existing contract, after rejecting an approach by Partick Thistle for the second time in his career.On 16 October 2010, versus Queens at Cappielow, <mask>'s brace of goals were his 100th and 101st for Greenock Morton, in all competitions. In May 2012, <mask> received another one-year extension to his contract, after which he was granted a testimonial for playing a decade at the Renfrewshire club. <mask>'s testimonial match was versus St Johnstone on 13 July 2013, even though he had already signed for the Dumfries and Galloway club, Annan Athletic for season 2013–14. <mask> departed Greenock Morton in the summer of 2013, having played well over 400 matches and scoring 121 goals in all competitions. Annan Athletic
In the summer of 2013, <mask> signed for Annan Athletic. On 27 July 2013, <mask> scored versus former club Greenock Morton as Annan Athletic won 1–0 and knocked the Greenock club out of the Scottish Challenge Cup. In May 2015, <mask> signed a contract extension at Annan Athletic for the 2015–16 season.Shettleston Juniors
<mask> was then announced as one of the joint player-managers at Shettleston in March 2016, alongside his Galabankies teammate Ryan McStay, with their tenure to commence at the start of the 2016–17 season in the Scottish Juniors, West Region. <mask> departed Shettleston by mutual consent, alongside joint player-manager McStay on 9 January 2017, after a 1–1 draw at home to Irvine Meadow on 7 January 2017. Return to Annan Athletic
<mask> signed for a second spell at Scottish League Two club Annan Athletic on 13 January 2017, as he re-signed for the Galabankies for the rest of the 2016–17 season, less than one week after leaving Shettleston, where he was joint player-manager. Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement from playing football at the end of the 2016-17 season, as he approached 37 years old on 29 May 2017. Honours

Club
Queen of the South
Scottish Football League Second Division: Winners 2001–02
Morton
Scottish Football League Second Division: Winners 2006–07

Personal
Queen of the South Top Scorer: 2000–01
Greenock Morton Top Scorer: (5) 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2009–10
Annan Athletic Top Scorer: 2014–15
Scottish Second Division Player of the Year: Nominee 2006–07
SPFA League Two Team of the Year: 2014–15
League Two Top Goalscorer: 2014–15
SPFL Top League Goalscorer: 2014–15
SPFL Team of the Year: 2014–15

References

External links

Living people
1980 births
Sportspeople from North Shields
English footballers
Queen of the South F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Annan Athletic F.C.players
Association football forwards
Newcastle Blue Star F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. non-playing staff
Scottish Professional Football League players
English football managers
Glasgow United F.C. players
Scottish Junior Football Association players

masks:
Peter Joseph Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weathersonson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
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Peter Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
Weatherson
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texts:
is a Japanese kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter, currently signed with RISE, where he is the current RISE Super Flyweight champion. As of August 2021, Combat Press ranks him as the #1 strawweight in the world. He was previously ranked as a top ten flyweight. Martial arts career

Muay thai career
<mask> made his professional debut against Yuzuki Sakai at MUAYTHAI WINDY SUPER FIGHT. He won the fight by unanimous decision. He won his next fight against Kaito Gibu as well, before suffering his first professional loss to Banfus Hunter at MUAYTHAI WINDY SUPER FIGHT vol.17. <mask> would go on to amass a 7-1-2 (1) record, before fighting Yuya Kosaka for the WMC Japan Flyweight title at Muay Lok 2017 1st.He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> won his next six fights, including four straight victories at the Lumpinee Stadium. He was scheduled to defend his WMC title for the first time against Taiga Nakayama at The Battle Of Muaythai 17. <mask> won the fight by majority decision. In his next fight he won the Lumpinee Stadium of Japan Flyweight title, with a knockout of Tatsuya Hibata. He afterwards fought Kiew Parunchai for the Lumpinee Stadium 112 lbs belt, but lost the fight by decision. Following his failed title bid, <mask> won two fights with the KNOCK OUT promotion, scoring TKO wins against Tatsuya Noto and Yoshiho Tane.On the back of these two wins, <mask> was scheduled to fight a trilogy match with Issei Ishii, with the two of them having fought two draws in 2014 and 2015. Ishii won the fight by majority decision. HOOST CUP
<mask> had his first fight under the HOOST CUP banner at against KING Takeshi at HOOST CUP KINGS NAGOYA 6. He would two more fights with HOOST CUP, defeating Koudai Hirayama by unanimous decision and Choi Seok Hee by TKO. He won three more fights outside of HOOST CUP, including a notable majority decision over Shota Takiya at Rizin 18 - Nagoya. RISE
In his promotional debut, <mask> was scheduled to fight Kazane. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> next fought Jin Mandokoro at RISE 140, and won the fight by majority decision, after an extra round was fought. At RISE 142, <mask> challenged Toki Tamaru for the RISE Super Flyweight title. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. In his next fight, <mask> fought a non-title bout with Kyo Kawakami at RISE 143. He beat Kawakami by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to fight Shiro on May 15, 2021, at bantamweight. <mask>'s brother later tested positive for COVID-19, which led to the fight being scrapped as a preventive measure.<mask> was scheduled to fight Issei Ishii in the quarterfinals of the 2021 RISE Dead or Alive 53 kg Tournament. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. He was afterwards scheduled to face Shiro in the tournament semifinals. <mask> later withdrew from the bout with an ankle injury, and was replaced by his brother Koki <mask>. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"
| 2020-07-19 || Win ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro|| RISE 140 || Tokyo, Japan|| Ext.R Decision (Majority) || 4 || 3:00
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"
| 2020-02-23 ||Win||align=left| Kazane || RISE 137 || Tokyo, Japan|| Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#cfc;"
| 2020-01-19 ||Win||align=left| Konesarn Acegym || Norainu Matsuri 6 Shin Kiba 1st Ring || Tokyo, Japan|| KO (Low Kick) || 1 ||
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-12-15 ||Win||align=left| Choi Seok Hee || HOOST CUP KINGS NAGOYA 7 || Nagoya, Japan|| TKO (Ref. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-10-07 || Win ||align=left| Yoshiho Tane]|| KNOCK OUT 2018 cross over || Tokyo, Japan|| TKO (Ref. Stoppage)|| 5 ||
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-08-19 || Win ||align=left| Tatsuya Noto || KNOCK OUT SUMMER FES.2018 || Tokyo, Japan|| TKO (Punches)|| 2 || 1:12
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2018-06-15 || Loss ||align=left| Kiew Parunchai || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand|| Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-04-30 || Win ||align=left| Tatsuya Hibata || Muay thai Open 41|| Tokyo, Japan|| KO (Knee)|| 2 || 2:45
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-04-08 || Win ||align=left| Taiga Nakayama || The Battle Of Muaythai 17 || Tokyo, Japan|| Decision (Majority) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-02-24 || Win ||align=left| Samsayam Siriliakmuaythai ||  Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand|| KO (Knees) || 1 ||
|-  style="text-align:center; background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-01-27 || Win ||align=left| Attachai Sitkunthap||  Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand|| TKO (Ref. style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2009-10-25 ||Win||align=left| Shohei Miura || KAMINARIMON, Final || Tokyo, Japan||  Decision (Unanimous) || 1|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2009-10-25 ||Win||align=left| Yuta Shinozaki || KAMINARIMON, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan||  Decision (Unanimous) || 1|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2009-10-18 ||Win||align=left| Ayumu Saito || BRIDGE　one match challenge 12th || Tokyo, Japan||  Decision (Unanimous) || 2|| 2:00
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
 List of male kickboxers

References

1996 births
Living people
Japanese male kickboxers
Flyweight kickboxers
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture

masks: Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki Osaki


texts:
<mask> (October 15, 1904 – July 22, 1980) is considered by some to be the first woman with long term sobriety in Alcoholics Anonymous. There were several remarkable women in the early days of AA including but not limited to: Florence R. of New York, Sylvia K. of Chicago, Ethel M. of Akron, Ohio. AA co-founder Bill Wilson was <mask>'s sponsor. <mask> wrote the chapter "Women Suffer Too" in the second through fourth editions of the Big Book of AA. <mask> organized the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism (NCEA) in 1944, which later became the National Council on Alcoholism (NCA), and then the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (NCADD), to address concern with other drugs. She traveled across the U.S. educating medical professionals legislators, businessmen and the public to the importance of treatment and education of the fatal disease of alcoholism. In 1976 the NCA organized Operation Understanding where 50 celebrities and professionals gathered to address the social stigma surrounding alcoholism.Actors, politicians, sports legends, physicians, lawyers, clergy and more stood up in the hotel ballroom and said "I am an alcoholic." The NCA hoped to reduce the social stigma surrounding alcoholism and encourage individuals and their family to get treatment. <mask> hoped to raise social awareness that alcoholism is not a moral weakness but a deadly disease. Background
<mask> came from an upper-middle-class family in Chicago. She attended private schools, traveled extensively, and was a debutante. <mask>'s father, once a top executive at the most prestigious department store in downtown Chicago, died of alcoholism. <mask> was married briefly in her 20s but was a lesbian for the rest of her life.<mask> was her maiden name, and she used the Mrs. title to protect her privacy. Society's prejudice against homosexuality was as strong as it was toward alcoholism during the 1940s and 1950s when she and the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism were struggling to survive. <mask> moved to England in 1930 and fell in love with photographer Barbara Ker-Seymer. The Tate Museum in London has photographs detailing their social circle. British photographer and society figure, considered one of the group designated by the tabloid press as 'Bright Young People'. They visited the Paris salon of Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas. She also socialized with Janet Flanner, Virginia Woolf and Vita Sackville-West.<mask> worked as a magazine editor, art critic, and photojournalist for renowned magazines such as Vogue, Harpers, and Tattler. However, she had an alcohol use disorder – and it progressed to the point where she was no longer able to hold a job, drifting in and out of homelessness while living abroad in London. Her alcoholism escalated and she spent 6 months in a London Hospital after a second suicide attempt. She was encouraged to return home to America by her friends. In 1936, she returned to her family in the United States and sought help from doctors. She quickly became a charity patient at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. She eventually transferred to Blythewood Sanitarium in Greenwich, Connecticut.In 1939, her psychiatrist Dr. Harry Tiebout gave her a pre-publication manuscript of the book Alcoholics Anonymous, and persuaded her to attend her first AA meeting. This meeting took place at the home of Lois and Bill W (co-founder of AA) at 152 Clinton Street in Brooklyn, New York. <mask> was romantically involved with Priscilla Peck for 40 years. Priscilla was an Art Editor at Vogue (magazine) for 25 years. They owned a home together in Greenwich Village in New York City, a vacation home at Cherry Grove on Fire Island (a well known gay community) and later in life they had a home in Connecticut. Encouraging a change in viewpoint
In 1945, <mask> became inspired with the desire to eliminate the stigma and ignorance regarding alcoholism and to encourage the "disease model" which viewed it as a medical/psychological problem, not a moral failing. She helped start the Yale School of Alcohol Studies (now at Rutgers), and organized the National Committee for Education on Alcoholism (NCEA), now the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence or NCADD.She believed alcoholism runs in the family, and education of the disease was essential. Three ideas formed the basis of her message:

Alcoholism is a disease and the alcoholic a sick person. The alcoholic can be helped and is worth helping. Alcoholism is a public health problem and therefore a public responsibility. <mask> and R. Brinkley Smithers funded Dr. E. Morton (Bunky) Jellinek's initial 1946 study on Alcoholism. Dr. Jellinek's study was based on a narrow, selective study of a hand-picked group of members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) who had returned a self-reporting questionnaire. In the 1950s, Edward R. Murrow included her in his list of the 10 greatest living Americans.Her book New Primer on Alcoholism was published in 1958. Legacy
<mask> wrote the following books:

Primer on Alcoholism

<mask>'s New Primer on Alcoholism

<mask> Answers Your Questions about Alcoholism. <mask> was instrumental in the founding of High Watch Farm, the world's first recovery center founded on the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. In 1980, <mask> suffered a stroke at home and died soon after. Many histories of Alcoholics Anonymous make only passing mention of <mask>, perhaps because NCEA had no formal relationship to AA. However, <mask>'s public admission of her own alcoholism, her successful experience with AA, and her encouragement of others — especially women — to get help contributed substantially to AA's growth. <mask>'s obituary was published in the New York Times:  "MARTY MANN DEAD; HELPED ALCOHOLICS; Founder of Alcoholism Council, 75, Wrote Books and Lectured Extensively on Drinking 'I Am an Alcoholic' (Published 1980)

References

External links
<mask>'s New Primer on Alcoholism, reviewed by John Philip,
<mask> Papers at Syracuse University
<mask>'s Story Women Suffer Too, Big Book (Alcoholics Anonymous, 4th ed.)Online,

1904 births
1980 deaths
Writers from Chicago
Alcoholics Anonymous
Lesbians
LGBT people from Illinois
20th-century American women writers
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Margaret Marty Mann
Marty
Marty
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Marty Mann
Marty Mann


texts:
<mask> (died 336), childhood name Qiannian, was the brother of the Prince of Former Yan, <mask> during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. He was <mask>'s second son through Hui's wife, Lady Duan (段夫人). In 333, following the succession of <mask> to their father's title, <mask> conspired with his younger brother <mask> (慕容昭) to rebel against Huang. Although their plot was discovered, <mask> was able to secure Liaodong from Huang and challenge his claim as the Duke of Liaodong. The civil war between Huang and <mask> lasted for four years before <mask> was defeated by Huang's daring surprise attack through the frozen Bohai Sea in 336. Career under <mask>
Murong <mask> was the second of three sons born to <mask> and Lady Duan. The eldest of the three was <mask> and the youngest was <mask>.In 319, after Hui forced the Jin's Inspector of Pingzhou, Cui Bi (崔毖), to flee to Goguryeo, he had <mask> <mask> appointed General Who Conquers The Caitiffs and stationed him in Liaodong. During his time in Liaodong, Murong <mask> allowed the local officials to keep their posts the same as before, which won him support in the region. Near the end of the year, Goguryeo invaded Liaodong a number of times. <mask> <mask> and his eldest brother through his father's concubine, Murong Han, campaigned against Goguryeo and later obtained King Micheon's proposals for peace and an alliance. After accepting his proposals, the two of them returned. However, Goguryeo invaded Liaodong again at the end of 320, but Murong <mask> managed to badly rout them. Since then, Goguryeo no longer intruded into <mask> <mask>'s domain.The following year in 321, <mask> <mask> was transferred to Pingguo (平郭, in modern Yingkou, Liaoning) while <mask> Han took his place in Liaodong. In 325, Shi Le, the ruler of Later Zhao, persuaded the chieftain of the Yuwen tribe, Yuwen Qidegui with ranks and titles to attack <mask> Hui, who had refused to accept Shi Le's peace offer. <mask> Huang was ordered to lead the army against the Yuwen with <mask> commanding his left wing. While Qidegui fought Huang, Qidegui sent his nephew, Yuwen Xibaxiong (宇文悉拔雄) to attack <mask>. <mask> defeated and beheaded Xibaxiong before joining up with Huang to overwhelm Qidegui. Qidegui abandoned his army and fled, so Huang and <mask> sent their light cavalry to pursue them, only turning back once they have chased him a great distance. Meanwhile, the brothers occupied many of the Yuwen-controlled cities and took their treasures and livestock.The inhabitants of the cities also gave their surrender to <mask> Hui and moved into his territory. Civil war with <mask> Huang
Murong Hui died in 333, so <mask> Huang succeeded to his titles. Huang's status as his father's heir had been established as far back as 321, but he still held jealousy towards his three brothers, <mask> <mask>, <mask> Zhao and <mask> Han, who were all equally favoured by their father as Huang was. <mask> <mask> and <mask> Han were both distinguished generals under <mask> Hui and had popular backing from the gentry, while <mask> Zhao was known for his skills and talents. The three were well aware of Huang's feelings about them. Shortly after Huang's ascension, Han felt insecure of his position and fled to the Duan tribe with his sons. Seizing Liaodong
Murong <mask> left his post in Pingguo to attend his father's funeral at Jicheng (棘城, in modern Jinzhou, Liaoning).There, he expressed his worries to <mask> Zhao about <mask> Huang's excessively strict laws and how the two had not shown enough courtesy to him on multiple occasions. Zhao told him that as sons of their father and his chief wife, <mask> Hui's territory should be divided between the three of them. Zhao then told <mask> that he should return to Pingguo and raise his troops against Huang while Zhao stay behind and observe Huang's situation from within. <mask> agreed with his plan, and after returning to Pingguo, he led his troops west in rebellion. Meanwhile, however, someone leaked <mask> and Zhao's plans to Huang. Huang did not fully believe it at first, so he sent envoys to <mask> to determine if this was true. <mask> had arrived at the Huang River when the envoys reached him, and upon learning that his plot had been uncovered, he beheaded the envoys before returning to Pingguo.After forcing <mask> Zhao to commit suicide, <mask> Huang sent 5,000 troops under Tong Shou (佟壽) and Huang's half-brothers, <mask> You (慕容幼), <mask> Zhi (慕容稚), <mask> Jūn and <mask> Hàn (慕容汗; not to be confused with <mask> Han) to campaign against <mask>. He also sent his Army Libationer, Feng Yi to stabilize Liaodong. <mask> <mask> fought his half-brothers and Tong Shou north of Wencheng (汶城), where he won a great victory. You, Zhi and Jūn were captured while Tong Shou, being a former subordinate of <mask>, surrendered to him. The generals, Wang Bing (王冰) and Sun Ji (孫機), joined forces with <mask> and handed him over Xiangping (襄平, in modern Liaoyang, Liaoning) while others such as Feng Chou (封抽), Yi Yi (乙逸), Han Jiao (韓矯) and Gao Xu (高詡) abandoned their cities and fled to Huang. <mask> Hàn managed to escape and retreat with Feng Yi, who was unable to enter the region. The victory at Wencheng placed Liaodong under <mask>'s control, dividing Huang's territory into two.Rule over Liaodong
Almost immediately, <mask> received the backing of the Murong's rival Xianbei clans, including the Yuwen and Duan tribes. <mask> would coordinate attacks with the tribes against Huang throughout the rest of the war. In early 334, <mask> appointed Zhai Kai (翟楷) and Pang Jian (龐鑒) as his own Colonel of Eastern Yi Tribes and Chancellor of Liaodong. Later on, he declared himself Inspector of Pingzhou and Duke of Liaodong. Meanwhile, Duan Liao, the chief of the Duan tribe, began his moves against <mask> Huang. Duan Liao sent his brother Duan Lan to attack Liucheng (柳城; southwest of present-day Chaoyang, Liaoning), but he could not capture the city. He later defeated reinforcements led by <mask> Hàn and Feng Yi at Niuwei Valley (牛尾谷; north of Liucheng) but was unable to follow up on it as objections from <mask> Han, now a general of the Duans, forced him to retreat.In August, <mask> <mask> detained Jin envoys at Mashi Crossing (馬石津, southwest of Dalian, Liaoning) who were on their way to grant <mask> Huang his late father's titles. In December, Huang's forces reached Xiangping. A man named Wang Ji (王岌) secretly offered Huang to surrender the city, so Huang occupied the city with ease while Zhai Kai and Pang Jian fled on their horses. Jujiu (居就), Xinchang (新昌) and other counties also surrendered to Huang, and Huang had the major families in Liaodong divided and relocated to his capital in Jicheng. <mask> attacked Xinchang a few months later but was driven away by Wang Yu (王寓), who proceeded to relocate the people of Xinchang to Xiangping. Near the end of 335, <mask> <mask> decided to release the envoys he had apprehended to allow them to return south. However, they instead decided to go to Jicheng first, granting Huang his titles.Meanwhile, envoys from the Duan and Yuwen tribes were at Pingguo and sleeping outside the walls of the city. Huang ordered his general Zhang Ying (張英) to ambush them. Zhang killed ten people from the Yuwen while capturing the Duan envoys and bringing them back to Huang. Defeat and death
<mask> Huang launched his final campaign against <mask> <mask> in February 336. Throughout the civil war, the Bohai Sea was said to have frozen over at least three times, and that February proved to be the third time this occurred. Huang took the daring decision to carry out a surprise attack on <mask> by crossing the frozen sea. With <mask> Ping and others under his wing, <mask> Huang led his army to cross roughly 150 kilometres (93.21 miles) over the Bohai and successfully reached Lilinkou (歷林口, west of the lower reaches of the Liaohe River).There, they abandoned their baggages and made a quick march towards Pingguo. As Huang approached Pingguo, <mask>'s scout quickly notified him of the threat. <mask> had been irked by his failure to stop Zhang Ying the previous year, so this time, he wished to rush out in hopes of actually destroying his enemies. He mistakenly believed that the threat was merely a small force carrying out a raid, unaware that Huang had come with a large force. Bringing out his whole army, <mask> marched northwest of his city to mount his defence. Once Huang's army began to advance, however, <mask> Jūn brought his soldiers to defect to Huang's side, which immediately demoralized <mask>'s troops and stopped them in their tracks. Because of this, Huang easily dispatched <mask>'s soldiers and dealt him a decisive defeat.<mask> <mask> tried to flee from the scene, but his personal riders betrayed him and turned him over to Huang. The riders, however, were ordered by Huang to be executed for treachery, while <mask> was forced to commit suicide in similar fashion to <mask> Zhao. A number of <mask>eo, some dying to Huang's pursuers in the process. The others were forgiven and allowed to serve in Huang's administration. <mask>'s defeat allowed Huang to reunify his territory, although he still had to deal with the constant attacks from the Duan and Yuwen for the next few years, both of which he ultimately subjugated. References

 Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648).Book of Jin (Jin Shu). Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Jin dynasty (266–420) generals
336 deaths
People from Chaoyang, Liaoning
Generals from Liaoning
Jin dynasty (266–420) politicians
Politicians from Liaoning
Forced suicides of Chinese people
Former Yan people

masks:
Murong Ren
Murong Huang
Murong Hui
Murong Huang
Murong Ren
Murong Zhao
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Murong Zhao
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Ren
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