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 J. M. Barrie. <mask> also made a brief cameo appearance in the French film Happily Ever After (2004), and founded his own film production company, Infinitum Nihil, under Warner Bros. Pictures. <mask> continued his box-office success with a starring role as Willy Wonka in Tim Burton's adaptation of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005). It also had a positive critical reception, with <mask> being nominated again for the Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Comedy or Musical. Chocolate Factory was followed by another Burton project, stop-motion animation Corpse Bride (2005), in which <mask> voiced the main character, Victor Van Dort. <mask> reprised the role of Jack Sparrow in the Pirates sequels Dead Man's Chest (2006) and At World's End (2007), both of which were major box office successes. He also voiced the character in the video game Pirates of the Caribbean: The Legend of Jack Sparrow.According to a survey taken by Fandango, <mask> in the role of Jack Sparrow was the main reason for many cinema-goers to see a Pirates film. In 2007, <mask> collaborated with Burton for their sixth film together, this time playing murderous barber Sweeney Todd in the musical Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007). <mask> cited Peter Lorre's performance in Mad Love (1935), in which Lorre played a "creepy but sympathetic" surgeon, as his main influence for the role. Sweeney Todd was the first film in which <mask> had been required to sing. Instead of hiring a qualified vocal coach, he prepared for the role by recording demos with his old bandmate Bruce Witkin. The film was a commercial and critical success. Entertainment Weeklys Chris Nashawaty stated that "<mask>'s soaring voice makes you wonder what other tricks he's been hiding...Watching <mask>'s barber wield his razors... it's hard not to be reminded of Edward Scissorhands frantically shaping hedges into animal topiaries 18 years ago... and all of the twisted beauty we would've missed out on had [Burton and <mask>] never met." <mask> won the Golden Globe for Best Musical or Comedy Actor for the role, and was nominated for the third time for an Academy Award. In 2009, <mask> portrayed real-life gangster John Dillinger in Michael Mann's  1930s crime film Public Enemies. It was commercially successful and gained moderately positive reviews. Roger Ebert stated in his review that "This <mask> performance is something else. For once an actor playing a gangster does not seem to base his performance on movies he has seen. He starts cold.He plays Dillinger as a fact." <mask>'s second film of 2009, The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus, reunited him with director Terry Gilliam. <mask>, Jude Law, and Colin Farrell each played the character initially portrayed by their friend Heath Ledger, who had died before the film was completed. All three actors gave their salaries to Ledger's daughter, Matilda. <mask> began the 2010s with another collaboration with Tim Burton, Alice in Wonderland (2010), in which he played the Mad Hatter opposite Helena Bonham Carter, Anne Hathaway and Alan Rickman. Despite mixed reviews, it earned US$1.025 billion in the box office, thus becoming the second-highest-grossing film of 2010 and one of the highest-grossing films of all time. <mask>'s second film release of 2010 was the romantic thriller The Tourist, in which he starred opposite Angelina Jolie.It was commercially successful, although panned by critics. Regardless, he received Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy Golden Globe nominations for both films. <mask>'s first 2011 film release was the animation Rango, in which he voiced the title character, a lizard. It was a major critical and commercial success. His second film of the year, the fourth installment in the Pirates series, On Stranger Tides, was again a box office hit, becoming the third-highest-grossing film of 2011. Later in 2011, <mask> released the first two projects co-produced by his company, Infinitum Nihil. The first was a film adaptation of the novel The Rum Diary by Hunter S. Thompson and starred <mask>.It failed to bring back its production costs and received mixed reviews. The company's second undertaking, Martin Scorsese's Hugo (2011), garnered major critical acclaim and several awards nominations, but similarly did not perform well in the box office. In 2011, <mask> also made a brief cameo in the Adam Sandler film Jack and Jill. 2012–2020: Career setbacks
By 2012, <mask> was one of the world's biggest film stars, and was listed by the Guinness World Records as the world's highest-paid actor, with earnings of US$75 million. That year, he and his 21 Jump Street co-stars Peter DeLuise and Holly Robinson reprised their roles in cameo appearances in the series' feature film adaptation. <mask> also starred in and co-produced his eighth film with Tim Burton, Dark Shadows (2012), alongside Helena Bonham Carter, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Eva Green. The film was based on a 1960s Gothic television soap opera of the same name, which had been one of his favorites as a child.The film's poor reception in the United States brought <mask>'s star appeal into question. After Infinitum Nihil's agreement with WB expired in 2011, <mask> signed a multi-year first-look deal with Walt Disney Studios. The first film made in the collaboration was The Lone Ranger (2013), in which <mask> starred as Tonto. <mask>'s casting as a Native American brought accusations of whitewashing, and the film was not well received by the public or the critics, causing Disney to take a US$190 million loss. Following a brief cameo in the independent film Lucky Them (2013), <mask> starred as an AI-studying scientist in the sci-fi thriller Transcendence (2014), which was yet another commercial failure, and earned mainly negative reviews. His other roles in 2014 were a minor supporting part as The Wolf in the musical adaptation Into the Woods, and a more substantial appearance as eccentric French-Canadian ex-detective in Kevin Smith's horror-comedy Tusk, in which he was credited by the character's name, Guy LaPointe. In 2015, <mask> appeared in two films produced by Infinitum Nihil.The first was comedy-thriller Mortdecai, in which he acted opposite Gwyneth Paltrow. The film was a critical and commercial failure and brought both stars Golden Raspberry nominations. The second film, Black Mass (2015), in which he played Boston crime boss Whitey Bulger, was better received. Critics from The Hollywood Reporter and Variety called it one of <mask>'s best performances to date, and the role earned <mask> his third nomination for the Best Actor SAG award. However, the film failed to bring back its production costs. <mask> also made a cameo appearance in the critically panned London Fields, starring his then-wife Amber Heard, which was to be released in 2015, but its general release was delayed by litigation until 2018. In addition to his work in films in 2015, French luxury fashion house Dior signed <mask> as the face of their men's fragrance, Sauvage, and he was inducted as a Disney Legend.<mask>'s first film release in 2016 was Yoga Hosers, a sequel to Tusk (2014), in which <mask> appeared with his daughter, Lily-Rose <mask>. Next, he played businessman and presidential candidate Donald Trump in a Funny or Die satire entitled Donald Trump's The Art of the Deal: The Movie, released during the run-up to the US presidential election. He earned praise for the role, with a headline from The A.V. Club declaring, "Who knew Donald Trump was the comeback role <mask> needed?" It was also announced that <mask> had been cast in a new franchise role as Dr. Jack Griffin/The Invisible Man in Universal Studios' planned shared film universe entitled the Dark Universe, a rebooted version of their classic Universal Monsters franchise. <mask> reprised the role of the Mad Hatter in Tim Burton's Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), the sequel to Alice in Wonderland. In contrast to the first film's success, the sequel lost Disney approximately US$70 million.It also gained <mask> two Golden Raspberry nominations. <mask> had also been secretly cast to play dark wizard Gellert Grindelwald in a cameo appearance in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), the first installment of the Fantastic Beasts franchise. His name was not mentioned in the promotional materials and his cameo was only revealed at the end of the film. In 2017, <mask> appeared alongside other actors and filmmakers in The Black Ghiandola, a short film made by a terminally ill teenager through the non-profit Make a Film Foundation. He also reprised his role as Captain Jack Sparrow in the fifth installment of the Pirates series, Dead Men Tell No Tales (2017). In the US, it did not perform as well as previous installments, and <mask> was nominated for two Golden Raspberry Awards for worst actor and for worst screen combo with "his worn-out drunk routine". However, the film had a good box office return internationally, especially in China, Japan and Russia.<mask>'s last film release in 2017 was the Agatha Christie adaptation Murder on the Orient Express, in which he was part of an ensemble cast led by director-star Kenneth Branagh. In 2018, <mask> voiced the title character Sherlock Gnomes in the animated movie Gnomeo & Juliet: Sherlock Gnomes. Although moderately commercially successful, it was critically panned and earned <mask> two Golden Raspberry nominations, one for his acting and another for his "fast-fading film career". <mask> then starred in two independent films, both produced by him and his company, Infinitum Nihil. The first was City of Lies, in which he starred as Russell Poole, an LAPD detective who attempts to solve the murders of rappers Tupac Shakur and The Notorious B.I.G. It was set for release in September 2018, but was pulled from the release schedule after a crew member sued <mask> for assault. The second film was the comedy-drama Richard Says Goodbye, in which <mask> played a professor with terminal cancer.It premiered at the Zurich Film Festival in October 2018. <mask>'s last film release of 2018 was Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, in which he reprised his role as Grindelwald. <mask>'s casting received criticism from fans of the series due to the domestic violence allegations against him. <mask> also experienced other career setbacks around this time, as Disney confirmed that they would not be casting him in new Pirates installments and he was reported to no longer be attached to Universal's Dark Universe franchise. <mask>'s next films were the independent dramas Waiting for the Barbarians (2019), based on a novel by J.M. Coetzee, and Minamata (2020), in which he portrayed photographer W. Eugene Smith and which premiered at the 2020 Berlin International Film Festival. In November 2020, <mask> resigned from his role as Grindelwald in the Fantastic Beasts franchise at the request of its production company, Warner Bros., after he lost his UK libel case against a British tabloid, who had accused him of being a domestic abuser.He was replaced by Mads Mikkelsen. Soon after, The Hollywood Reporter called <mask> "persona non-grata" in the film industry. 2021–2022: Recent activity
In March 2021, City of Lies, which was originally scheduled for 2018, was released in theaters and streaming services. The same month, an online petition to bring <mask> back to the Pirates franchise, begun four months earlier, reached its goal of 500,000 signatures. His Pirates co-star Kevin McNally also expressed support for <mask> returning to the role. In July 2021, Andrew Levitas, the director of Minamata (2020), accused MGM of trying to bury the film due to <mask>'s involvement, with <mask> claiming he is being boycotted by the Hollywood industry and calling his changed reputation an "absurdity of media mathematics." Minamata was released in the UK and Ireland in August 2021, and in North America in December 2021.The film received positive reviews, with multiple publications praising <mask>'s performance as his best in years. <mask> also continues as the face of Dior's men's fragrance, Sauvage. <mask> received multiple honorary awards at numerous European film festivals, including at the Camerimage festival in Poland, the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival in the Czech Republic, and the San Sebastian Film Festival in Spain, where <mask> was awarded the Donostia Award. These awards were controversial, with various domestic violence charities criticizing the festivals. The organisers of the ceremonies released statements defending their decision to award <mask>, with the San Sebastian Film Festival stating that "he has not been charged by any authority in any jurisdiction, nor convicted of any form of violence against women." In September 2021, <mask> described himself as a victim of cancel culture. The same month, he launched IN.2, a London-based sister company to his production company, Infinitum Nihil, and announced that IN.2 and the Spanish production company A Contracorriente Films were starting a new development fund for TV and film projects.In 2022, <mask> was cast as King Louis XV in a yet untitled film about the king’s life, which will be directed by French actor-director Maïwenn. In February 2022, he received the Serbian Medal of Honor from President Aleksandar Vucic. Other ventures
In 2004, <mask> founded film production company Infinitum Nihil to develop projects where he will serve as actor or producer. He serves as its CEO, while his sister, Christi Dembrowski, serves as president. The company's first two film releases were The Rum Diary (2011) and Hugo (2011). <mask> co-owned the nightclub The Viper Room in Los Angeles in 1993–2003, and the restaurant-bar Man Ray in Paris. <mask> and Douglas Brinkley edited folk singer Woody Guthrie's novel House of Earth, which was published in 2013.Music

Prior to his acting career, <mask> was a guitarist, and has later featured on songs by Oasis, Shane MacGowan, Iggy Pop, Vanessa Paradis, Aerosmith, Marilyn Manson, and The New Basement Tapes, among others. He also performed with Manson at the Revolver Golden Gods Awards in 2012. <mask> played guitar on the soundtrack of his films Chocolat and Once Upon a Time in Mexico, and has appeared in music videos for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers,  The Lemonheads, Avril Lavigne and Paul McCartney. In the 1990s, he was also a member of P, a musical group featuring Butthole Surfers singer Gibby Haynes, Red Hot Chili Peppers bassist Flea and Sex Pistols guitarist Steve Jones. In 2015, <mask> formed the supergroup Hollywood Vampires with Alice Cooper and Joe Perry; the band also includes Bruce Witkin, his friend from his 1980s band, The Kids. Hollywood Vampires released their self-titled debut studio album in September 2015. It featured eleven classic rock covers, as well as three original songs (all co-written by <mask>).The band made their live debut at The Roxy in Los Angeles in September 2015, and has since done two world tours in 2016 and 2018. Their second studio album, Rise, was released in June 2019 and consists mostly of original material, including songs written by <mask>. The album  also features a cover version of David Bowie's "Heroes", sung by <mask>. In 2020, <mask> released a cover of John Lennon's "Isolation" with guitarist Jeff Beck, and stated that they would be releasing more music together in the future. Reception and public image
In the 1990s, <mask> was seen as a new type of male film star that rejected the norms of that role. After becoming a teen idol in  21 Jump Street, he publicly protested against the image, and with his subsequent film and PR choices began to cultivate a new public persona. According to journalist Hadley Freeman:

Similarly, film scholar Anna Everett has described <mask>'s 1990s films and public persona as "anti-macho" and "gender-bending", going against the conventions of a Hollywood leading man.After 21 Jump Street, <mask> chose to work in independent films, often taking on quirky roles that

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 sometimes even completely obscured his looks, such as Edward Scissorhands. Critics often described <mask>'s characters as "iconic loners" or "gentle outsiders". According to <mask>, his agent, Tracey Jacobs of the United Talent Agency (UTA), had to take "a lot of heat over the years" for his role choices; <mask> characterized higher-ups at the UTA as thinking, "Jesus Christ! When does he do a movie where he kisses the girl? When does he get to pull a gun out and shoot somebody? When does he get to be a [fucking] man for a change? When is he finally going to do a blockbuster?"<mask> also cultivated the image of a bad boy. According to Everett, his "rule-breaking" roles matched with the "much publicized rebelliousness, unconventionality, and volatility ascribed to <mask>'s own personal life throughout the decade. From reports of his repeated confrontations with the police, trashing of a hotel room, chain smoking, drinking, and drug use, to his multiple engagements to such glamorous women as supermodel Kate Moss and Hollywood starlet Winona Ryder and others, we clearly see a perfect fit between his non-conformist star image and his repertoire of outsider characters." After a decade of appearing mainly in independent films with varying commercial success, <mask> became one of the biggest box office draws in the 2000s with his role as Captain Jack Sparrow in Walt Disney Studios' Pirates of the Caribbean franchise. The five films in the series have earned US$4.5 billion as of 2021. In addition to the Pirates franchise, <mask> also made further four films with Tim Burton that were major successes, with one, Alice in Wonderland (2010), becoming the biggest commercial hit of <mask>'s career and one of the highest-grossing films in history (as of 2021). According to film scholar Murray Pomerance, <mask>'s collaboration with Disney "can be seen to purport and herald a new era for <mask>, one in which he is, finally, as though long-promised and long-expected, the proud proprietor of a much-accepted career; not only a star but a middle-class hero".In 2003, the same year as the first film in the Pirates series was released, <mask> was named "World's Sexiest Man" by People; he would receive the title again in 2009. During the decade and into the 2010s, <mask> was one of the biggest and most popular film stars in the world and was named by public vote as "Favorite Male Movie Star" at the People's Choice Awards every year for 2005 through 2012. In 2012, <mask> became the most highly paid actor in the American film industry, earning at best $75 million per film, and as of 2020, is the tenth highest-grossing actor worldwide, with his films having grossed over US$3.7 billion at the United States box office and over US$10 billion worldwide. Although a mainstream favorite with the audiences, critics' views on <mask> changed in the 2000s, becoming more negative as he was seen to conform more to the Hollywood ideal. Regardless, <mask> continued to eschew more traditional leading-man roles until towards the end of the 2000s, when he starred as John Dillinger in Public Enemies (2009). In the 2010s, <mask>'s films were less successful, with many big-budget studio films such as Dark Shadows (2012), The Lone Ranger (2013), and Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016) underperforming at the box office and gaining <mask> nominations for Golden Raspberry Awards. <mask> also received negative publicity due to allegations of domestic violence, substance abuse, poor on-set behavior and the loss of his US$650 million fortune.After losing a highly publicized libel trial against the publishers of The Sun, <mask> was asked to resign from Warner Bros.' Fantastic Beasts franchise. Many publications wrote that <mask> would most likely struggle to find further work in major studio productions. Personal life
 Relationships
<mask> and makeup artist Lori Anne Allison were married from 1983 until 1985. In the late 1980s, he was  engaged to actresses Jennifer Grey and Sherilyn Fenn before proposing in 1990 to his Edward Scissorhands  Winona Ryder, for whom he tattooed "WINONA FOREVER" on his right arm. Between 1994 and 1997, he was in a relationship with English model Kate Moss. Following his breakup from Moss, <mask> began a relationship with French actress and singer Vanessa Paradis, whom he met while filming The Ninth Gate in France in 1998. They have two children, daughter Lily-Rose <mask> (born 1999) and son John Christopher "Jack" <mask> III (born 2002).<mask> stated that having children has given him a "real foundation, a real strong place to stand in life, in work, in everything. ...You cannot plan the kind of deep love that results in children. Fatherhood was not a conscious decision. It was part of the wonderful ride I was on. It was destiny. All the math finally worked." <mask> and Paradis announced that they had separated in June 2012.Relationship with Amber Heard

Following the end of his relationship with Vanessa Paradis, <mask> began dating actress Amber Heard, with whom he had co-starred in The Rum Diary (2011). The couple married in a civil ceremony in February 2015. Heard filed for divorce in May 2016 and obtained a temporary restraining order against <mask>, alleging in her court declaration that he had been verbally and physically abusive throughout their relationship, usually while under the influence of drugs or alcohol. <mask> denied these claims and alleged that she was "attempting to secure a premature financial resolution". A settlement was reached in August 2016, and the divorce was finalized in January 2017. Heard dismissed the restraining order, and they issued a joint statement saying that their "relationship was intensely passionate and at times volatile, but always bound by love. Neither party has made false accusations for financial gain.There was never any intent of physical or emotional harm." <mask> paid Heard a settlement of US$7 million, which she pledged to donate to the ACLU and the Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA). In 2018, <mask> brought a libel lawsuit in the UK against News Group Newspapers (NGN), publishers of The Sun, which had called him a "wife beater" in an April 2018 article. The case had a highly publicized trial in July 2020, with both <mask> and Heard testifying for several days. In November 2020, the High Court of Justice ruled that 12 of the 14 incidents of violence claimed by Heard were "substantially true". The court rejected <mask>'s claim of a hoax and accepted that the allegations Heard had made against <mask> had damaged her career and activism. Following the verdict, <mask> resigned from the Fantastic Beasts franchise, after being asked to do so by its production company, Warner Bros.

Depp sought to appeal the verdict, with his lawyers accusing Heard of not following through on the charity pledge, and that the pledge had significantly influenced the judge's view of Heard.In response, Heard's legal team stated that she had not donated the full amount yet due to the lawsuits against her by <mask>. <mask>'s appeal to overturn the verdict was rejected by the Court of Appeal in March 2021. The Court of Appeal did not find the argument that the charity pledge influenced the outcome convincing, as the judge in the trial had reached their verdict by evaluating the evidence related to the 14 alleged incidents of violence; the issue of the donation was not part of it, but a comment made after the verdict had already been reached. In addition to suing The Sun in 2018, <mask> also sued Heard for defamation in Virginia, US in early 2019 over an op-ed she wrote about her experiences of leaving an abusive relationship, which had been published by The Washington Post in December 2018. <mask> alleged that Heard had been the abuser, that her allegations constituted a hoax against him, and that as a consequence, Disney had declined to cast him in future projects. In October 2020, the judge in the case dismissed <mask>'s lawyer Adam Waldman after he leaked confidential information covered by a protective order to the media. Following the verdict in <mask>'s lawsuit against The Sun the next month, Heard's lawyers filed to have the defamation suit dismissed, but judge Penny Azcarate ruled against it because Heard had not been a defendant in the UK case.In August 2021, a New York judge ruled that the ACLU must disclose documents related to Heard's charity pledge to the organization. The defamation case against Heard is scheduled to go to trial in Fairfax County, Virginia in April 2022. Heard has also countersued <mask> in August 2020, alleging that he had coordinated "a harassment campaign via Twitter and [by] orchestrating online petitions in an effort to get her fired from Aquaman and L'Oreal". Alcohol and drug use
<mask> has struggled with alcoholism and addiction for much of his life. He has stated that he began using drugs by taking his mother's "nerve pills" at the age of 11, was smoking at age 12 and by the age of 14 had used "every kind of drugs there were". In a 1997 interview, <mask> acknowledged past abuse of alcohol during the filming of What's Eating Gilbert Grape? (1993).In a 2008 interview, <mask> stated that he had "poisoned" himself with alcohol "for years". In 2013, <mask> declared that he had stopped drinking alcohol, adding that he "pretty much got everything [he] could get out of it"; <mask> also said, "I investigated wine and spirits thoroughly, and they certainly investigated me as well, and we found out that we got along beautifully, but maybe too well." Regarding his breakup with longtime partner Vanessa Paradis, <mask> said that he "definitely wasn't going to rely on the drink to ease things or cushion the blow or cushion the situation...[because] that could have been fatal." According to his ex-wife, Amber Heard, <mask> "plunged into the depths of paranoia and violence after binging on drugs and alcohol" during their relationship in 2013–2016. In a 2018 Rolling Stone profile of <mask>, reporter Stephen Rodrick wrote that he had used hashish in his presence and described him as "alternately hilarious, sly and incoherent"; <mask> also said that the allegation made by his former business managers that he had spent US$30,000 per month on wine was "insulting" because he had spent "far more" than that amount. During his 2020 libel trial, <mask> admitted to having been addicted to Roxicodone and alcohol as well as used other substances such as MDMA and cocaine during his relationship with Heard. Legal issues
<mask> was arrested in Vancouver in 1989 for assaulting a security guard after the police were called to end a loud party at his hotel room.He was also arrested in New York City in 1994 after causing significant damage to his room at The Mark Hotel, where he was staying with Kate Moss, his girlfriend. The charges were dropped against him after he agreed to pay US$9,767 in damages. <mask> was arrested again in 1999 for brawling with paparazzi outside a restaurant while dining in London with Paradis. In 2012, disabled UC Irvine medical professor Robin Eckert sued <mask> and three security firms, claiming to have been attacked by his bodyguards at a concert in Los Angeles in 2011. During the incident, she was allegedly hand-cuffed and dragged 40 feet across the floor, resulting in injuries including a dislocated elbow. She argued in court that, as the security guards' direct manager, <mask> failed to intervene, even though he did not take part in the battery. Before the case went to trial, <mask> settled with Eckert for an undisclosed sum, according to TMZ.In April 2015, <mask>'s wife Amber Heard breached Australia's biosecurity laws when she failed to declare her and <mask>'s two dogs to the customs when they flew to Queensland, where he was working on a film. Heard pleaded guilty to falsifying quarantine documents, stating that she had made a mistake due to sleep deprivation. She was placed on a $1,000 one-month good behavior bond for producing a false document; Heard and <mask> also released a video in which they apologized for their behavior and urged people to adhere to the biosecurity laws. The Guardian called the case the "highest profile criminal quarantine case" in Australian history. In March 2016, <mask> cut ties with his management company, The Management Group (TMG), and sued them in January 2017 for allegedly improperly managing his money and leaving him over $40 million in debt. TMG stated that <mask> was responsible for his own fiscal mismanagement and countersued him for unpaid fees. In a related suit, <mask> also sued his lawyers, Bloom Hergott, in January 2017.Both lawsuits were settled, the former in 2018 and the latter in 2019. In 2018, two of <mask>'s former bodyguards sued him for unpaid fees and unsafe working conditions. The suit was settled in 2019. Also in 2018, <mask> was sued for allegedly hitting and verbally insulting a crew member while under the influence of alcohol on the set of City of Lies. Political views
<mask> stated to the German magazine Stern in 2003 that "America is dumb, is something like a dumb puppy that has big teeth—that can bite and hurt you, aggressive." Although he later asserted that the magazine misquoted him and his words were taken out of context, Stern'' stood by its story, as did CNN in its coverage of the interview. CNN added his remark that he would like his children "to see America as a toy, a broken toy.Investigate it a little, check it out, get this feeling and then get out." <mask> has also disagreed with subsequent media reports that perceived him as a "European wannabe", saying that he liked the anonymity and simplicity of living in France while in a relationship with Paradis. <mask> became a U.S. resident again in 2011, because France wanted him to become a permanent resident, which he said would require him to pay income tax in both countries. In November 2016, <mask> joined the campaign Imprisoned for Art to call for the release of Ukrainian filmmaker Oleg Sentsov, who was being held in custody in Russia. At the Glastonbury Festival 2017, <mask>, criticizing the US president Donald Trump, asked: "When was the last time an actor assassinated a President? I want to clarify: I'm not an actor. I lie for a living.However, it's been a while and maybe it's time." He added, "I'm not insinuating anything". The comment was interpreted as a reference to John Wilkes Booth, the actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln. Shawn Holtzclaw of the Secret Service told CNN they were aware of <mask>'s comment, but that "[f]or security reasons, we cannot discuss specifically nor in general terms the means and methods of how we perform our protective responsibilities". <mask> apologized shortly afterward, saying "[the remark] did not come out as intended, and I intended no malice." Filmography and accolades

Discography

See also
List of people from Kentucky
List of actors with Academy Award nominations
List of actors with two or more Academy Award nominations in acting categories

Notes

References

Citations

Sources

External links

1963 births
Living people
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American musicians
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American musicians
American expatriate male actors in France
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American people of French descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent
American expatriates in Australia
Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners
César Honorary Award recipients
Film producers from Kentucky
Hollywood Vampires (band) members
Male actors from Florida
Male actors from Kentucky
Male Western (genre) film actors
Nightclub owners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Owensboro, Kentucky
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<mask> (born 10 October 1986) is a French professional road racing cyclist, who rides for UCI ProTeam . He is particularly known for his aggressive style of racing in the mountains. He is a two-time stage winner in the Tour de France and a stage winner in the Giro d'Italia. His most famous win to date came at Alpe d'Huez in the 2011 Tour de France. With his win on the legendary mountain, <mask> has his name on the sign at turn 16 together with Dutchman Joop Zoetemelk. His best overall finishes in a Grand Tour include 4th overall at the 2014 Giro d'Italia and 8th overall at the 2012 Tour de France. Alongside winning a stage in the 2011 Tour de France, <mask> also won the young rider classification.Cycling career

Early years (2007–2008)
Born in Gien, <mask> turned professional in 2007 for  after riding for the team as a stagiaire in late 2006. In his first season as a professional he won a stage at La Tropicale Amissa Bongo and the Tour du Limousin. In 2008 he won the mountains classification at the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré. At the 2008 Summer Olympic Games, <mask> competed in the road race but did not finish. Bbox Bouygues Telecom/Team Europcar (2009–2015)
In his first season at , <mask> finished 3rd at La Tropicale Amissa Bongo, but had to wait until 2010 to collect his first victory for the team, as he won a stage at the Circuit de Lorraine and finished eighth at the Critérium du Dauphiné. 2011

On stage 9 in the Tour de France, Thomas Voeckler claimed the yellow jersey after being in the breakaway. For the following week, <mask> would help Voeckler defend the jersey over legendary mountain passes at Luz Ardiden, the Plateau de Beille and the Col du Galibier.<mask> gained acclaim for his strong work in defense of Voeckler's yellow jersey. Following the 14th stage of the Tour, Lance Armstrong referred to <mask> as a "rockstar." <mask> won the 19th stage at the top of Alpe d'Huez, beating Olympic gold medalist Samuel Sánchez and two-time Tour champion Alberto Contador. The victory also won him the white jersey, which he successfully defended in the 20th stage, as he finished the Tour 10th overall. 2012
In his first race of the season, <mask> won a stage at the Étoile de Bessèges and finished the race 4th overall. <mask> recorded his best result, at the time, at Liège–Bastogne–Liège, where he finished 12th. After the first week in the Tour de France, <mask> was only 25th overall, and had also endured a crash on stage 6.On stage 11, <mask> was part of a four-rider breakaway, along with Chris Anker Sørensen (), Robert Kišerlovski () and Vasil Kiryienka (). On the descent from the Col du Mollard, <mask> crashed in a corner but quickly got back on his bike. On the final climb up to La Toussuire/Les Sybelles, <mask> attacked and left the other riders behind, to take yet another solo win in the Tour de France. <mask> moved up to 9th position overall after the stage but was still keen to hunt for more stage wins. On the final mountain stage of the Tour, <mask> finished 5th and moved up to 8th position overall. This was his best career finish at the time, at the Tour de France, and he was also the best placed Frenchman in the general classification. 2013

In April, <mask> won the penultimate stage of the Circuit de la Sarthe, and won the race overall the next day.Just a few days later he was 3rd in the one-day race, Paris–Camembert. <mask> then went on to finish 10th overall at the Giro del Trentino, before one of his last goals of the spring campaign at Liège–Bastogne–Liège. After finishing 12th the previous year, <mask> had high hopes but had to settle for 24th. On stage 2 in the 100th edition of the Tour de France, <mask> made it into the breakaway and snatched the polka-dot jersey for the first time in his career. He would keep it until stage 7, where fellow Frenchman Blel Kadri took the lead with 1 point. On the last day in the Pyrenees on stage 9, <mask> reclaimed the jersey after collecting enough points in the breakaway. <mask> lost the jersey on stage 15 to Chris Froome, who won the stage to Mont Ventoux.2014
The 2014 season was the first season that <mask> rode the Giro d'Italia. After a spring where he had not delivered any top results, the pressure was lifted off his shoulders as he started the race. After finishing 21st in the team time trial, <mask> started the Giro off in the worst way possible. However at the end of the first week, <mask> improved and he moved up to 12th overall when the second rest day approached. As the more mountainous stages appeared in the race, <mask> improved his performance and moved even further up in the general classification. On the stage to Val Martello, <mask> finished 3rd and moved up to 4th overall. He advanced to 3rd place just two days after, and despite delivering one of his best Time trials ever on stage 19 where <mask> finished 4th, he dropped out of the podium placings.On the penultimate stage to Monte Zoncolan, <mask> was on an almost impossible task, if he wanted to finish on the podium. He eventually lost 4 seconds to Fabio Aru, and therefore finished fourth in the general classification, his best finish in a Grand Tour. As he arrived at the Tour de France, <mask> was not considered any threat to the general classification and could therefore focus on breakaways. He attacked on stage 2 in the final kilometres but was unable to remain clear. On stage 9 to Mulhouse, <mask> moved up to 8th in the general classification after his performance in the breakaway. On the next day he dropped to 16th overall, possibly because of his efforts on the previous day. His best stage finish came on stage 17 to Saint-Lary-Soulan where he was 6th.<mask> finished the Tour de France just outside top 10, in eleventh overall. 2015
In his last season with , <mask> was very close to victory on two occasions in the spring. He finished 2nd on the first stage of the Volta a Catalunya, after losing the sprint to Maciej Paterski. Paterski moved into the leader's jersey after the stage, but <mask> claimed the jersey on stage 3 after Paterski lost over a minute. <mask> lost the jersey on the following stage, losing over five minutes. Two weeks later, <mask> was in the breakaway in the Circuit Cycliste Sarthe, but this time he lost the sprint to Manuele Boaro. One week later, <mask> finally achieved his first win of the season by winning the third and last stage of the Vuelta a Castilla y León in solo fashion, winning the overall race by 16 seconds.At the Tour de France, <mask> was outside the top 10 before the final week. On stage 18, <mask> was in the breakaway and finished 2nd behind countryman Romain Bardet. On the following day, <mask> went into the breakaway again and attacked solo. As he had won on La Toussuire–Les Sybelles in 2012, <mask> was looking to repeat it once again but was later overtaken by the eventual stage winner Vincenzo Nibali, and finished 11th on the stage. <mask> went into the breakaway once again on stage 20 on the stage to Alpe d'Huez, a mountain he had also won on previously, in 2011. This time, <mask> finished 6th and defended his 10th place in the general classification. In the Vuelta a España, <mask> was targeting stage wins and was in the breakaways once again with his best result being 5th on stage 16.Cannondale (2016–2018)
On 27 August 2015, it was announced that <mask> would join  for the 2016 season. 2016

With <mask>'s move to  for the 2016 season, <mask> was looking to add more flavour to his racing career. Having ridden many races in the previous seasons, he switched his focus to altitude camps. Having raced on a French team for the previous 10 seasons, <mask> did not speak English when he first arrived at . Even though being tough at first, <mask> could eventually communicate well with his team-mates even though the year was a learning curve; he was still looking to perform on his best level. At the Critérium du Dauphiné, <mask> finished 10th overall. <mask> was 9th overall after stage 7 at the Tour de France, however he crashed into the side of a rock on the descent to Bagnères-de-Luchon on stage 8 and lost almost 2 minutes.He also crashed on a descent on stage 19 after being in the breakaway with Rui Costa. At his last race of the season, at the Vuelta a España, <mask> finished 7th on stage 4. 2017

<mask> started the 2017 season off by finishing 78th at the Vuelta a Andalucia. His first top 10 result came at the Tour of the Alps where he finished 6th overall. He also finished 4th on stage 3, and 5th on the final stage. One of <mask>'s season goals was the 100th edition of the Giro d'Italia. He was very close to winning stage 11 of the race but finished 3rd in a reduced breakaway sprint behind Omar Fraile and Rui Costa.On stage 17, <mask> tried his luck once again, and after having made a solo attack inside the final , he managed to stay away to celebrate his first Giro d'Italia stage win. Just two days later he was yet again in the breakaway, but this time he would be beaten by Mikel Landa and Costa to take another 3rd place in the race. Almost three weeks after the Giro, <mask> took part in the Route du Sud, his final race before the Tour de France. Having lost almost 10 minutes after the first two stages, <mask> was no real threat towards the general classification and attacked with  to go on stage 3 on the climb to Gavarnie-Gèdre. He managed to keep the other contenders behind him to take his second win of the year. The Tour de France did not become a success for <mask>. His primary goal was to hunt stage wins but throughout the race he battled against angina, rhinitis and bronchitis which made his race more difficult.<mask> also said that if it had been any other race, he would have been at home instead of racing. <mask> finished his season with the Bretagne Classic in August, finishing 79th. 2018
At Paris–Nice, <mask> finished 23rd overall. He abandoned Volta a Catalunya on the last day, but recovered throughout the following week to take part in the Circuit de la Sarthe where he finished 20th overall. He then rode the spring classics but did not manage to deliver any top results. Having had a disappointing spring season, <mask> was looking to rebound at the Critérium du Dauphiné. The last four stages of the race all featured mountains, and <mask> slowly made his way into the top 10, and was in the breakaway on the final day where he finished 10th and moved up to 8th overall.Starting his 10th Tour de France, <mask> was a support rider for Rigoberto Urán in the mountains, but with Urán abandoning the race after stage 11, it meant <mask> had more chances for stage victories and he grabbed that opportunity on stage 12 – with three hors catégorie climbs in the  with a finish at Alpe d'Huez, on which <mask> won in 2011. Although having made a great effort early on the stage, <mask> and many others in the breakaway were caught before the final climb. His best stage result came on stage 14 to Mende where he was in the decisive breakaway but had to settle with 11th. <mask> also rode the Vuelta a España, and was in the breakaway on stage 4, however he did not cover the eventual winning attack inside the breakaway by Nikita Stalnov and Ben King. Vital Concept–B&B Hotels (2019–present)
On 9 August 2018, it was announced that <mask> was to join  for the 2019 season after three years at . <mask> started his 2019 season at the Grand Prix La Marseillaise, where he finished 73rd. His first top 10 result came at the Vuelta a Aragón where he placed 6th overall.<mask> finished 7th overall at the Vuelta a Burgos, the Tour du Limousin and the CRO Race. For the 2020 Tour de France, the  team managed to gain a wildcard, however the race was postponed – from June and July to August and September – due to the COVID-19 pandemic in France. At the Tour de Savoie Mont-Blanc, <mask> won stage 3 en route to the overall victory; he also won the mountains classification. At the Tour de France, <mask> finished 2nd on Stage 12, and finished 18th overall. At the 2021 Tour du Rwanda, <mask> won stage 6 after attacking with  to go. The breakaway group were unable to catch <mask>, as he went on to win the stage by 50 seconds, for his first professional win since the 2017 Route du Sud.

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<mask> (born September 27, 1965) is an American professional basketball coach and former player who is the head coach of the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is an eight-time NBA champion, having won five titles as a player (three with the Chicago Bulls and two with the San Antonio Spurs) as well as three with the Warriors as a head coach. <mask> is the only NBA player to win four straight NBA titles after 1969. <mask> has the highest career three-point field goal percentage (45.4%) in NBA history for any player with at least 250 three-pointers made. He also held the NBA record for the highest three-point percentage in a season at 52.4% until the record was broken by Kyle Korver in 2010. In 2004, <mask> became a minority owner of the Phoenix Suns, part of the group led by Robert Sarver that purchased the team in 2004. In June 2007, the Phoenix Suns named <mask> the team's president of basketball operations and general manager and was one of the majority owner, Sarver's trusted basketball advisors.<mask> announced he was leaving the position in June 2010, but retained his minority share until 2014. Afterward, <mask> returned as a color commentator for NBA on TNT until 2014, when he pursued a career in coaching. In May 2014, <mask> received his first head coaching job with the Golden State Warriors. Under his leadership, the franchise entered the most successful period in its history, reaching five consecutive NBA Finals and winning three championships in 2015, 2017, and 2018. The 2015–16 Warriors won an unprecedented 73 games, breaking the record for the most wins in an NBA season, previously held by <mask>'s 1995–96 Chicago Bulls. As part of USA Basketball in international play, <mask> won the 1986 FIBA World Championship as a player, and a gold medal in the 2020 Summer Olympics as an assistant coach of the men's team. Early life
<mask> was born in Beirut, Lebanon to Malcolm H<mask>, an American academic who specialized in the Middle East, and his wife, Ann (Zwicker).He has three siblings. His grandfather, <mask>, volunteered with the Near East Relief after the Armenian genocide and rescued women and orphans in Aleppo and Marash before eventually settling in Beirut. <mask> spent much of his childhood in Lebanon and other Middle Eastern countries. While in Beirut in the summer of 1983, he met a number of US Marines who were later killed in the Beirut barracks bombings. <mask> attended Cairo American College in Egypt, the American Community School in Beirut, Lebanon, and Palisades High School (now Palisades Charter High School) in Los Angeles, graduating in 1983. <mask> was killed by members of the Shia Lebanese militia called Islamic Jihad on the morning of January 18, 1984 at the age of 52 while he was serving as president of the American University of Beirut. He was shot twice in the back of his head, by gunmen using suppressed handguns, in the hallway outside his office.<mask> was 18 years old at the time, and a college freshman; regarding his father's death, he has said: "Before my father was killed, my life was impenetrable. Bad things happened to other people." The <mask> family sued the Iranian government under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996. While warming up with the Arizona Wildcats for a game at arch-rival Arizona State in 1988, <mask> had to deal with many ASU Sun Devil fans in the crowd chanting "PLO" and "Where’s your father?" Though tearful, <mask> led the Wildcats to victory, scoring 20 points in the first half, making all six of his three-point attempts. The athletic director of Arizona State, Charles Harris, sent a letter of apology to <mask> a few days later. <mask> graduated from the University of Arizona in 1988 with a Bachelor of General Studies, with emphasis on history, sociology and English.College career

Minimally recruited out of high school, <mask> played basketball for the University of Arizona from 1983 to 1988. In the summer of 1986, <mask> was named to the USA Basketball team that competed in the FIBA World Championship in Spain. The team was the last American Men's Senior Team composed strictly of amateur players to capture a gold medal. He blew out his knee in the tournament, usually a career-ending injury, forcing him to miss an entire season (1986–87) at Arizona. He helped the Wildcats reach the Final Four of the NCAA Division I basketball tournament in 1988 along with fellow All-American teammate Sean Elliott. <mask> also set an NCAA record for 3-point percentage in a season (114–199, 57.3%). Professional career

Phoenix Suns (1988–1989)
<mask> was selected by the Phoenix Suns in the second round of the 1988 NBA draft.Cleveland Cavaliers (1989–1992)
<mask> was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in 1989. He spent over three seasons (1989–1992) there. Orlando Magic (1992–1993)
<mask> spent part of the 1992–93 season with the Orlando Magic. Chicago Bulls (1993–1999)
In 1993, <mask> signed with the Chicago Bulls. The Bulls made the playoffs in the 1993–94 and 1994–95 seasons, but without Michael Jordan's presence for all of 1994 and much of 1995, the team could not advance to the Finals. However, with Jordan back full-time for the 1995–96 season, the Bulls set a then-NBA record of 72–10 and defeated the Seattle SuperSonics in the 1996 NBA Finals. <mask> played a major part in the Bulls' championship victory in the 1997 NBA Finals against the Utah Jazz.In the final seconds of Game 6 with the score tied at 86, he took a pass from Jordan and hit the title-winner. The Bulls won, earning the franchise's fifth title. <mask> also won the 3-Point Shootout at the 1997 All-Star Game. In the last minute of Game 2 of the 1998 NBA Finals against Utah, <mask> missed a 3-pointer, grabbed his own rebound and made a pass to Jordan who made a crucial three-point play, putting them in the lead for good. The play helped Chicago win the game and tie the series at 1. The Bulls won the series in six games. San Antonio Spurs (1999–2001)
In January 1999, <mask> was acquired by the San Antonio Spurs in a sign-and-trade deal with the Bulls, whereby Chuck Person and a first-round pick in the 2000 NBA draft was sent to Chicago.The Spurs reached 1999 NBA Finals and won their first NBA Championship with a 4–1 series victory over the New York Knicks. <mask> became the second player to win four straight NBA titles without being a part of the 1960s Boston Celtics dynasty, the other being Frank Saul, who won four straight with Rochester and Minneapolis from 1951 to 1954. <mask> and Saul were the only two players in NBA history to have won two championships with two different teams in consecutive seasons until Patrick McCaw achieved the same feat in 2019 and Danny Green in 2020. Portland Trail Blazers (2001–2002)
<mask> was traded to the Portland Trail Blazers alongside Derek Anderson on July 24, 2001, in a deal that brought <mask> to the Spurs. He would remain in Portland for the 2001–02 season, playing in 65 games. Return to San Antonio (2002–2003)
On August 2, 2002, <mask> was traded back to San Antonio along with Erick Barkley and a 2003 second-round pick. In return, the Trail Blazers received Charles Smith, Amal McCaskill, and Antonio Daniels.<mask> played in nearly every game (75) the following year, which was his final season in the league. In Game Six of the 2003 Western Conference Finals against the Dallas Mavericks, <mask> made four second-half three-pointers that helped eliminate Dallas. The Spurs eventually won the NBA championship by beating the New Jersey Nets in the 2003 NBA Finals, 4–2. Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement after the 2003 NBA Finals. During his NBA career, he played 910 regular season games. He retired as the league's all-time leader in single-season three-point shooting percentage (.524 in 1994–95) and career three-point shooting percentage (.454). <mask> won a total of five NBA championships as a player.Broadcaster and commentator

In 2003, <mask> became a broadcast analyst for Turner Network Television (TNT), offering commentary alongside analyst Marv Albert. During his tenure, he performed a segment sponsored by Coors Light called <mask>'s Refreshing Thoughts in which he brought up interesting facts in NBA history. This segment continued through sponsorship and became known as <mask> Wonders, sponsored by Sprint. In the same time period, <mask> also contributed to Yahoo! as an NBA commentator. He has provided his voice for the in-game commentary of EA Sports video games NBA Live 06, NBA Live 07, NBA Live 08, NBA Live 09 and NBA Live 10 with Albert. He has also provided his voice as a color analyst for NBA 2K12, NBA 2K13, NBA 2K14 and NBA 2K15.He remained a commentator in NBA 2K15 despite becoming the Golden State Warriors coach for the 2014–15 season several months prior to the game's release. <mask>'s commentary also appears during All-Star play in the seventh gen port of NBA 2K16. <mask> left broadcasting in 2007 to become general manager for the Phoenix Suns, but it was confirmed on June 28, 2010 that he would return as an NBA analyst for TNT starting with the 2010–11 NBA season. Since 2011, <mask> has also called the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship on Turner Sports and CBS, teaming up with lead broadcasters Jim Nantz and Clark Kellogg for the First Four and Final Four games, and with Albert in other rounds. <mask> was a regular contributor to the website Grantland from 2011 until it closed in 2015. Executive career

Phoenix Suns (2004–2010)
On April 15, 2004, <mask> was announced as a member of a potential group of buyers that would acquire his old team, the Phoenix Suns, from Jerry Colangelo for $300 million. He became part of Suns management, acting as a consultant.During the 2006 NBA All-Star Weekend, he was a member of the San Antonio team that won the Shooting Stars Competition. On June 2, 2007, <mask> announced that he would become the general manager of the Phoenix Suns beginning with the 2007–2008 season. In 2008, the Suns traded forward Shawn Marion and guard Marcus Banks to the Miami Heat in exchange for Shaquille O'Neal. The Suns were eliminated by the San Antonio Spurs in five games in the first round of the playoffs. On December 10, 2008, <mask> continued to remake the Suns roster by trading Boris Diaw, Raja Bell, and Sean Singletary to the Charlotte Bobcats in exchange for Jason Richardson, Jared Dudley, and the Bobcats' 2010 second-round draft pick, which was used to draft Gani Lawal of Georgia Tech. On June 25, 2009, <mask> traded O'Neal to the Cleveland Cavaliers for Ben Wallace, Sasha Pavlovic, a future second-round draft pick and cash. On May 5, 2010, the Suns wore their "Noche Latina" Los Suns jerseys in Game 2 against the Spurs to be united against the controversial Arizona immigration law.<mask> himself compared the law to Nazi Germany. On June 15, 2010, <mask> stepped down as president and general manager of the Suns. He continued to own a one percent share of the Suns' organization until 2014. Coaching career

Golden State Warriors (2014–present)

On May 14, 2014, <mask> reached an agreement to become the head coach for the Golden State Warriors, succeeding Mark Jackson. <mask> coached in the 2014 Summer League for the Warriors. During the 2014–15 season, the team's offense employed elements of the triangle offense from his playing days in Chicago under Phil Jackson, the spacing and pace of Gregg Popovich in San Antonio, and the uptempo principles Mike D'Antoni and later Alvin Gentry used in Phoenix when <mask> was the GM. After the Warriors beat the Houston Rockets to win their 14th consecutive game, <mask> became the first coach to start his career with a 19–2 record.This beat out Al Cervi and his 18–2 start with the Syracuse Nationals. On December 10, 2014, <mask> became the first NBA rookie head coach to win 21 of his first 23 games. He was named the head coach of the Western Conference team for the 2015 NBA All-Star Game after Golden State had the best record in the conference. On April 4, the Warriors beat the Dallas Mavericks 123–110 to clinch home-court advantage throughout the playoffs, and <mask> got his 63rd win of the season to become the highest winning rookie head coach in NBA history, passing Tom Thibodeau and his 62 wins with the Chicago Bulls in the 2010–11 season. In the NBA Coach of the Year voting, <mask> was runner-up to Mike Budenholzer. The Warriors ultimately finished with one of the best regular seasons in NBA history, and the greatest in the team's 69-year history. Golden State ended with an overall record of 67–15, becoming the 10th team to win 67 or more games in a single season.It was the first time the Warriors had ever won as many as 60 games in a season; their previous high was 59 in the 1975–76 season. The Warriors also ended with a 39–2 home record, which is tied for the second-best home record in NBA history. The Warriors were first in defensive efficiency for the season and second in offensive efficiency, barely missing the mark that the Julius Erving–led Sixers achieved by being first in both offensive and defensive efficiency. They became the first team in NBA history to have two win streaks over 15 at home (18 and 19). In the opening round of the playoffs against the New Orleans Pelicans, <mask> led the Warriors to their first four-game playoff sweep since the 1975 NBA Finals. Afterwards, the team surpassed the Memphis Grizzlies (4–2, in the second round). Down 2–1 in the series, <mask> made an unconventional adjustment in Game 4 to leave the Grizzlies' Tony Allen open and have his defender, center Andrew Bogut, guard the interior.His strategy was lauded after Allen, Memphis' best wing defender but a poor jump-shooter, was benched and limited to 16 minutes after missing wide open shots. The Warriors then defeated the Houston Rockets (4–1, in the Western Conference Finals), making the NBA Finals for the first time in 40 years. The Warriors faced the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Finals. <mask> and rival coach David Blatt were both in their first season as NBA head coaches, and this was the first time a pair of rookie head coaches faced each other in the NBA Finals since the NBA's first year of existence, in 1947 with Eddie Gottlieb of the Philadelphia Warriors and Harold Olsen of the Chicago Stags competing. After the Warriors went down 2–1 to Cleveland, <mask> started swingman Andre Iguodala in place of Bogut, jump-starting their stagnant offense for a 103–82 road win that evened the series. It was Iguodala's first start of the season, and the small unit came to be known as the Death Lineup. After the game, <mask> admitted to lying to the press in response to pregame questions about potential changes to his starting lineup.The Warriors went on to win the championship in six games, defeating the Cavaliers, 4–2, in the series, to give <mask> his sixth championship and first as a head coach. After the first two days of the defending champion Warriors' training camp, <mask> took an indefinite leave of absence to rehabilitate his back, which had caused problems since the 2015 NBA Finals. Around this time, assistant coach Luke Walton assumed <mask>'s coaching duties. <mask> missed all of 2015 and most of January 2016, although technically the NBA credited Walton's win-loss record to <mask>. <mask> said "I think it's ridiculous", when asked about getting all of Walton's wins. On January 22, 2016, <mask> returned to coaching after missing 43 games, but warned he might need to miss games occasionally if there was a recurrence of the headaches and pain related to the spinal fluid leak that sidelined him. The Warriors went 39–4 with interim coach Luke Walton.The Warriors went 34-5 after <mask> returned to coaching. Golden State broke the 1995–96 Chicago Bulls 72–10 record by winning 73 games. <mask> became the first person in NBA history to be a part of 70-win teams as a player and head coach. He was named 2015–16 NBA Coach of the Year. <mask> would lead the Warriors to the 2016 NBA Finals where they would again face the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Warriors lost in seven games. On November 20, 2016, the NBA announced that <mask> had been fined $25,000 for public criticism of officiating during a radio interview with KNBR 680 on November 17.<mask> missed time during the 2017 playoffs due to recurring back issues. Associate head coach Mike Brown has acted as acting head coach during periods of <mask>'s absence, and Brown continued head coaching into the playoffs leading the Warriors to a 12–0 record in the postseason. <mask> returned for the 2017 NBA Finals where he led the Warriors to victory over the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games. The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history. <mask> is the fourth coach in NBA history to win two championships in his first three seasons of coaching. <mask> won his third championship as a head coach when the Warriors defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2018 NBA Finals in four games to give <mask> his eighth championship of his career. Mainly on the strength of his first five seasons, <mask> is already third on the Warriors' all-time wins list behind Al Attles and Don Nelson.He also became the first head coach in NBA history to have led his team towards 67 or more wins in three consecutive seasons. Personal life
<mask> married Margot Brennan, his college sweetheart, in 1990. They have three children: Nick, Maddy and Matthew. <mask> is a keen soccer fan and an avid supporter of Liverpool F.C. Political views
Since the conclusion of the 2016 U.S. presidential election, <mask> has been critical of Donald Trump. In an interview following the election, <mask> voiced the opinion that Trump's rise to power was based on insults against women and minorities. He compared Trump's campaign performances and the crude responses of his supporters to The Jerry Springer Show.He made clear his "disgust" with Trump's disrespectful public discourse and has been disappointed with his leadership in the country. <mask> has been a strong supporter of gun control, expressing concern with the government's response to school shootings. He has voiced support for the Black Lives Matter movements across the United States, praising the efforts of peaceful protests and hopes that more people will take action to stand up to systemic racial injustice to black people. On October 27, 2020, <mask> endorsed Joe Biden for President in that year's upcoming election in an ad made by The Lincoln Project. In the ad, he announced many of his views; "stand[ing] for truth over lies", "categorically reject[ing] white supremacy", and "believe[ing] a presidency should be transparent" were among them.

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<mask> (25 May 1925 − 19 June 2021) was a Swiss police photographer whose work spanned more than 40 years. Originally trained as a baker, he was a photographer for the Nidwalden cantonal police from 1948 until his retirement in 1990. He is best known for his eerily beautiful black and white photographs of the aftermaths of motor vehicle accidents. Odermatt joined the police in 1948 and rose to become a lieutenant, chief of the transport police, and deputy chief inspector of the Nidwalden Police before he retired. At the beginning of the 1990s, Odermatt's photography was discovered by his son, Urs Odermatt during research for his film Wachtmeister Zumbühl, and this work became a central theme in the film's plot. Urs brought his father's works together in the working groups entitled Meine Welt, Karambolage, Im Dienst, and In zivil and has published Odermatt's work ever since, working in collaboration with the Frankfurt art historian Beate Kemfert and a gallery in Berlin—Galerie Springer & Winckler. In 2001, Odermatt's photography was selected by Harald Szeemann to be exhibited at the 49th Venice Biennale.In 2002 James Rondeau exhibited <mask>'s work in its own right at the Art Institute of Chicago, as did Urs Stahel at the Fotomuseum Winterthur in 2004. Biography
Odermatt was born in Oberdorf, canton Nidwalden, Switzerland. He joined the Nidwalden Police in 1948. He was forced to give up his original career as a bakery and pastry chef on health grounds. As the policeman Odermatt first appeared with his Rolleiflex at the scene of an accident – to provide photos to complement the police report, people found this rather disconcerting. At that time, photography was anything other than an independent means of providing the police with evidence. A colleague observed Odermatt as he took pictures for the force and was suspicious.He was ordered to report to his commander immediately. Odermatt managed to convince his superiors of the pioneering work he was doing. They allowed him to convert an old toilet in an observation post in Stans into a makeshift darkroom. When the observation post was moved into another building several years later, Switzerland’s first police photographer was given his own laboratory. Odermatt's biggest role model was the famous Magnum photographer Werner Bischof. He met him once by chance, as he was on security duty on the Bürgenstock and wanted to photograph Charlie Chaplin. Odermatt's own style was characterised by sobriety and authenticity.The spartan linguistic expression of his police reports can also be found in Odermatt’s images. His craftsmanship is beyond question, nothing of note is missed by his photographic eye. In KARAMBOLAGE, his most famous series of work, you can’t see the maimed victims but you do see the ethereal, surreal sculptures of scrap metal. With the softness and melancholy of Jacques Tati, he looks at the consequences of speed and the hectic nature of modern times. For 40 years, Odermatt captured the daily work of the Nidwalden police force. It was only rarely that the local press, the court or an insurance company were interested in his photos. It was only when his son, the film and theatre director Urs Odermatt, showed the photos  for the first time at a solo exhibition in Frankfurt am Main that the art scene first became interested in his work.After the inspiring exhibition, the photo book 'Meine Welt' followed. Suddenly the everyday observations from the central Swiss province had gained the same status as those of his well-travelled predecessor, Werner Bischof. At an early stage in his police career, when <mask> used the camera to catalogue traffic accidents, this was a revolutionary innovation in the Swiss police. If Odermatt were to turn up at a crime scene with his camera today, he could expect to be told that photography was not for him, but was instead the job of a specially trained police photographer. Solo exhibitions
 1993 - <mask>t. Seeplatz 10, Buochs. 1996 - Meine Welt.Viewpoint Gallery, Salford. 1998 - Karambolage. Police headquarters, Frankfurt am Main. 2000 - Karambolagen und andere Photographien. Springer & Winckler Galerie, Berlin. 2001 - Carambolages. Centre de la photographie, Genf.2002 - Karambolage. Museum Morsbroich, Leverkusen. .
 2002 - Die Biennale-Auswahl. 32 Photographien für Venedig 2001. Springer & Winckler Galerie, Berlin. .
 2002 - Karambolage. Centre rhénan de la photographie, Strassburg. 2002 - <mask>t. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago.Catalogue. 2003 - <mask>t. Washington University Gallery of Art, St. Louis. Katalog. 2003 - <mask>t. Paul Morris Gallery, New York. 2004 - <mask>t.James Kelly Contemporary, Santa Fe. 2004 - <mask>t. Galerie Sabine Knust, Munich. 2004 - Karambolagen. Photo museum Winterthur, Winterthur. 2004 - Karambolage. Rathaus, Fellbach.2004 - <mask>t. Galería Arnés y Röpke, Madrid. 2004 - Kantonspolizei Nidwalden. Springer & Winckler Galerie, Berlin. 2005 - <mask>t. Centro Cultural Okendo, San Sebastián. .
 2005 - <mask>t. Museum im Bellpark, Kriens.2006 - Im Dienst. Farbphotographien 1962-1990. Springer & Winckler Galerie, Berlin. 2008 - Focus Photographie: <mask>t. Galerie Lelong, Zurich. 2009 - Project room: <mask>t. Galerie Georges-Philippe & Nathalie Vallois, Paris.2009 - Karambolage. Miesiąc Fotografii w Krakowie, Krakau. .
 2010 - <mask>t. Leo Koenig Inc. Projects, New York. 2010 - In zivil. Springer & Winckler Galerie, Berlin. 2010 - On Duty.Amador Gallery, New York. 2011 - On and Off Duty. Galerie Georges-Philippe & Nathalie Vallois, Paris. 2011 - Heimat. Buchmann Galerie, Berlin. 2012 - <mask>t. L'Été photographique de Lectoure.Lectoure, (Gascogne). 2012 - <mask>t. Espace d'Art Contemporain Fernet Branca, Saint-Louis (Elsass). 2012 - <mask>t. La Chambre, Straßburg. Books
 Urs Odermatt: Wachtmeister Zumbühl. Script for a feature film with 79 stills photographs by Odermatt.Benteli Verlag, Bern 1994. .
 <mask>t: Karambolage. Museum Morsbroich, Leverkusen 2002. .
 <mask>t: Die Biennale-Auswahl. 32 Photographien für Venedig 2001. [Biennale Selection: 32 photographs for Venice 2001] With a text by Harald Szeemann. Galerie Springer & Winckler, Berlin 2002. .
 <mask>t: Meine Welt. Photographien/Photographs 1939-1993. Edited by Urs Odermatt.Benteli Verlag, Bern 1993, 2001 und 2006. . Kodak-Fotobuch-Preis 1993. <mask>t: Karambolage. Edited by Urs <mask>. German, French English. Steidl-Verlag, Göttingen 2003. .
 <mask>t: Im Dienst. En service. On Duty.Edited by Urs <mask>. Steidl Verlag, Göttingen 2006. . German Photobook Prize 2008. <mask>t: In zivil. Hors service. Off Duty. Edited by Urs <mask>. Steidl-Verlag, Göttingen 2010. .
 <mask>t.With a text by Caroline Recher. Diaphane éditions, Montreuil sur Brèche 2012, . <mask>t: Karambolage. Steidl Verlag. Göttingen 2013,

Films
In the 1960s Odermatt documented the early construction of the Swiss motorways in Acheregg and the Lopper tunnel, with extensive photos and 16mm black-and-white film footage. In 1991 Urs Odermatt put all of this historical film material together in the documentary film Lopper. In the 1990s, working as a stills photographer, during filming, Odermatt worked on the feature films Rotlicht!, Gekauftes Glück und Wachtmeister Zumbühl by Urs Odermatt.References

External links
Official website Arnold Odermatt

Artnet database: <mask>matt
Steidl Verlag: <mask>t - Karambolage
Sammlung Fotomuseum Winterthur collection - <mask> Odermatt
Edition 5: art postcards by <mask>t
Lopper, documentary film. Camera: <mask>t
WDR: Bei Odermatt wird die Karambolage zur Kunst
TAZ: Die Stille nach dem Crash! WOZ: <mask> und John Waters im Fotomuseum Winterthur
news.ch: Trash und Crash im Fotomuseum Winterthur - Videobeitrag & Interview mit <mask>t

1925 births
People from Nidwalden
20th-century Swiss photographers
2021 deaths
Swiss police officers
20th-century Swiss male artists
21st-century Swiss male artists

masks:
Arnold Odermatt
Odermatt
Arnold
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Odermatt
Arnold Odermat
Odermatt
Arnold Odermat
Odermatt
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Oder
Arnold Odermat
Arnold
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermat
Arnold Odermatt
Arnold Odermat


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<mask> (born October 24, 1954) is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States senator from South Dakota since 2015. A member of the Republican Party, he served as the 31st governor of South Dakota from 2003 to 2011, and in the South Dakota Senate from 1991 to 2001. In 2014, <mask> was elected to the United States Senate, succeeding retiring Democrat Tim Johnson. He was reelected in 2020 over Democratic nominee Dan Ahlers. Early life, education, and business career
The eldest of 11 children, Rounds was born in Huron, South Dakota, the son of Joyce (née Reinartz) and <mask>. He has German, Belgian, Swedish and English ancestry. Rounds has lived in the state capital of Pierre since he was three years old.He was named for an uncle, <mask>, who was killed in the Pacific theater during World War II. Several members of the Rounds family have been involved in state government. His father worked at various times as state director of highway safety, a staffer for Rural Electrification Administration, and executive director of the South Dakota Petroleum Council. His brother <mask> is a member of the South Dakota Legislature, representing District 24, which includes Pierre. Rounds attended South Dakota State University in Brookings, where he earned his Bachelor of Science in political science. Rounds is a former partner in Fischer Rounds & Associates, an insurance and real estate firm with offices in Pierre, Rapid City, Mitchell, Watertown and Sioux Falls. South Dakota Senate

Elections
Rounds represented District 24, which was based in Pierre.In 1990, he defeated incumbent state Senator Jacqueline Kelley, 53%–47%. He was reelected in 1992 (60%), 1994 (77%), 1996 (66%), and 1998 (75%). Rounds had to leave the Senate in 2000 because of legislative term limits South Dakota voters had passed in 1992. Tenure
Rounds represented Hughes, Lyman, Stanley, and Sully counties. In 1993, he became Senate Minority Whip. In 1995, his peers selected him to be Senate Majority Leader. Committee assignments
Commerce
Education
Legislative Procedure
Local Government
Retirement Laws
State Affairs
Taxation

Governor of South Dakota

Elections

2002

As the 2002 race for governor took shape, media and political observers largely dismissed Rounds as an extreme long shot.Until late 2001, then-Congressman John Thune was the front-runner for the nomination. When Thune passed on the race to challenge Senator Tim Johnson, state Attorney General Mark Barnett and former Lieutenant Governor Steve T. Kirby became candidates. Rounds benefited from the heated competition between Kirby and Barnett, much of which centered on ethical concerns about Kirby's personal business investments and damaged both candidates' reputations, with Barnett's campaign advertisements involving claims "so outlandish that people thought for sure that they were exaggerated or completely fabricated". By staying above the fray, Rounds won the primary by 15 points. After winning the Republican nomination, Rounds chose State Senator Dennis Daugaard of Dell Rapids as his running mate. Their Democratic opponents were University of South Dakota President Jim Abbott of Vermillion and his running mate, former State Representative <mask> of Rapid City. Rounds was elected governor on November 5, 2002.The results were as follows:
Republicans: Rounds and Daugaard, 56.8%
Democrats: Abbott and Wilson, 41.9%
Independent: Jim Carlson and Ron Bosch, 0.7%
Libertarians: Nathan Barton and Eric Risty, 0.6%

2006

Two Democratic candidates emerged to challenge Rounds: Jack Billion, a retired surgeon and former state legislator from Sioux Falls, and Dennis Wiese, the former president of the South Dakota Farmers Union. Billion easily won the nomination and selected Rapid City school board member Eric Abrahamson as his running mate. The Rounds/Daugaard ticket was reelected on November 7, 2006. The results were as follows:
Republicans: Rounds and Daugaard, 61.7%
Democrats: Billion and Abrahamson, 36.1%
Constitution: Steven J. Willis and Larry Johnsen, 1.2%
Libertarians: Tom Gerber and Betty Rose Ryan, 1.0%

Tenure
Rounds served as a member of the Governors' Council at the Bipartisan Policy Center. He was the 2008 Chair of the Midwestern Governors Association. Issues

Research centers
Rounds's 2010 Initiative established ten research centers at state-supported universities. In the program's first four years, the state's first five research centers generated an estimated $59 million in federal and private funding, with an estimated $110 million economic impact.Abortion

On February 22, 2006, the state legislature of South Dakota passed an act banning all medical abortions except those necessary to save the mother's life. Rounds signed the act on March 6 and the ban was to have taken effect on July 1, 2006, but did not, because of a court challenge. A referendum on repealing H.B. 1215 was placed on the ballot for the November 2006 statewide election due to a petition. On May 30, over 38,000 signatures were filed, more than twice the 17,000 required to qualify. Voters repealed the law on November 7, 2006, the day of Rounds's reelection. EB-5 Visa inquiry
During <mask>'s administration, South Dakota offered green cards to foreign investors in exchange for investments in a new South Dakota beef packing plant and other economic investments through the EB-5 visa program the federal government established in 1990.After the beef packing plant went bankrupt, questions emerged about the nature of the investments and the foreign investors. Some investors received neither their EB-5 visas nor the money back from their failed investments, with no indication as to where their money went. State officials misused funds to pay for their salaries, did not disclose that they owned companies which they gave contracts to, directed money to companies that went bankrupt and arranged for loans from unknown sources from shell companies located in tax havens. In October 2014, Rounds admitted that he had approved a $1 million state loan to beef packing plant Northern Beef shortly after learning that Secretary of Tourism and State Development Richard Benda had agreed to join the company, with Benda then getting another $600,000 in state loans that was ultimately used to pay his own salary. Benda committed suicide in October 2013, days before a possible indictment over embezzlement and grand theft charges. 3D-printed weapons
Of 3D-printed weapons, Rounds has said, “This is a new technology which you’re not going to put back into the bottle. It is there.” He has suggested creating and using new technologies, such as metal detectors that can also recognize plastic, in schools, airports and other public places.U.S. Senate

Election

2014

Speculation persisted that in 2008 Rounds would seek the United States Senate seat held by Tim Johnson, a Democrat who had served since 1997. Johnson opted not to run for reelection. On November 29, 2012, <mask> launched a campaign for the seat being vacated by Johnson's retirement. He won the June 2014 Republican primary, defeating four other candidates. Early polls showed Rounds leading by a 2–1 margin against Democratic opponent Rick Weiland. October 2014 polls showed a closer three-way race between Rounds, Weiland, and independent former Senator Larry Pressler. Independent conservative former state legislator Gordon Howie was also in the race.In November Rounds was elected with a majority of the vote. The results were:

Republican: Rounds, 50.37%
Democrat: Weiland, 29.51%
Independent: Pressler, 17.09%
Independent: Howie, 3.03%

2020

In the 2020 election, <mask> defeated Scyller Borglum to win the Republican nomination. He won the general election over Democrat Dan Ahlers with nearly 66% of the vote. Tenure

Education
In February 2019, Rounds was one of 20 senators to sponsor the Employer Participation in Repayment Act, enabling employers to contribute up to $5,250 to their employees' student loans as a means of granting them relief and incentivizing people to apply for jobs with employers who implement the policy. Environment
In 2017, Rounds was one of 22 senators to sign a letter to President Donald Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, Rounds has received over $200,000 from oil, gas and coal interests since 2012. Rounds supported embattled Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Scott Pruitt, who had come under scrutiny because of extraordinary expenditures for personal security and luxury travel, and the appearances of ethical conflicts, defending him on Meet the Press.Calling the criticism "nitpicking," he said, “I don’t know how much of it is overblown and how much of it is accurate, to be honest.”

Criminal justice
Rounds opposed the FIRST STEP Act, a bipartisan criminal justice reform bill that Trump signed into law. The bill passed 87–12 on December 18, 2018. Israel Anti-Boycott Act
In March 2018, Rounds co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which would make it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the West Bank if protesting actions by the Israeli government. Health care
Rounds opposes the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), and has voted to repeal it. In 2019, he said he supported lawsuits seeking to overturn it. 2020 presidential election
On January 9, 2022, Rounds said that the 2020 presidential election was not stolen from Donald Trump: "[We] looked at over 60 different accusations made in multiple states. While there were some irregularities, there were none of the irregularities which would have risen to the point where they would have changed the vote outcome in a single state".Rounds said the election was fair, and added that Republicans should stop making arguments to the contrary: "If we simply look back and tell our people, 'Don't vote because there's cheating going on,' then we're going to put ourselves in a huge disadvantage. So, moving forward, let's focus on what it takes to win those elections. We can do that." Trump responded by calling Rounds a "jerk", "crazy" and "stupid" and accused him of being "woke" for acknowledging the election results. 2021 United States Capitol attack
On May 28, 2021, Rounds abstained from voting on the creation of the January 6 commission. Committee assignments

Committee on Armed Services
Subcommittee on Airland
Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
Subcommittee on Seapower
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Subcommittee on Economic Policy
Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection
Committee on Environment and Public Works
Subcommittee on Fisheries, Water and Wildlife
Committee on Veterans' Affairs

Personal life
While attending South Dakota State University, Rounds met his wife Jean formerly of Lake Preston, South Dakota. They were married in 1978 and have four children.He is the older brother of <mask>. Rounds is a member of Sts. Peter and Paul Catholic Church of Pierre. He is also a member of numerous service clubs and community organizations, including Elks, Exchange Club, Knights of Columbus and Ducks Unlimited. In May 2011, Rounds's alma mater, South Dakota State University, gave him an honorary doctorate for public service. On November 2, 2021, <mask> died at age 65, two years after she was diagnosed with cancer. Electoral history

South Dakota State Senate

South Dakota Governor

U.S.Senator

References

External links

U.S. Senator <mask>s official U.S. Senate website
<mask> for Senate

2010 Initiative Governor's official state economic development plan

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1954 births
21st-century American politicians
Catholics from South Dakota
Governors of South Dakota
Living people
People from Huron, South Dakota
People from Pierre, South Dakota
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Republican Party United States senators
South Dakota Republicans
South Dakota state senators
South Dakota State University alumni
2004 United States presidential electors
2008 United States presidential electors
United States senators from South Dakota

masks:
Marion Michael Rounds
Rounds
Don Rounds
Marion Rounds
Tim Rounds
Mike Wilson
Rounds
Rounds
Rounds
Tim Rounds
Jean Rounds
Mike Round
Mike Rounds


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<mask> (1888–1976) was the Kenan Professor of Spanish at the University of North Carolina, the author of many books on Spanish language and literature, the president of several Spanish language teaching organizations, an adviser to the U.S. State Department and for many years the chairman of the Southern Humanities Conference as well as editor of the Hispanic Review. Early years
<mask> was born on January 24, 1888, in Newhall, Maine, the son of William H<mask> and his wife Mary Ellen (<mask>). After attending high school in nearby Gorham, Maine, Leavitt was educated at Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Maine, and then at Harvard University, where he graduated with a Ph.D. in 1917. Career
Between stints at Harvard Graduate School, Leavitt taught at Jackson Military Academy in Missouri, Cushing Academy in Massachusetts, Northwestern University and at Harvard College. Following his graduation from Harvard, where he was awarded the Sheldon Traveling Fellowship, Leavitt embarked on a trip to South America. For the next two years, he traveled between Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina and Uruguay. Following his tour of South America, Leavitt returned to America, where he was offered a junior teaching job at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1917.Following his Harvard graduation, Leavitt eventually become full professor and later Kenan Professor of Spanish. The Maine native's early days in the South as a professor of Spanish studies were not without trials. "In 1930 Southern colleges and universities lagged far behind the great Northern and (some) Western universities", writes professor Clifford Lyons of UNC Chapel Hill. "We had few distinguished scholars and most of them did not have access to a first-class university library." Eventually, because of the efforts of Leavitt and scholars like him, the universities and colleges of the south were able to build modern language departments of stature. "All that has changed, and I think SAMLA  had a lot to do with it", writes Lyons. (In the part of the twentieth century, other notable Southern scholars in other fields also fled northward, including Yale University's Cleanth Brooks, a native of Kentucky, and Robert Penn Warren, writer, Yale professor and fellow Kentucky native.)In 1935 the young Spanish professor and Maine native helped found and became editor of The South Atlantic Bulletin, a publication addressed to the Southern Hemisphere of North America. The first issue appeared in May 1935 in broadside format, approximately 11x16 inches. The inaugural issue carried a statement of purpose which made clear that the bulletin would examine all aspects of the field, including the treatment of those teaching in it:

"It [the Bulletin] should publish, for example, descriptions of important collections in the libraries of the Southeast, and reviews and notices of scholarly publications by our members", Leavitt wrote. "It should also make known the results of investigations regarding the attitudes of school authorities toward research, sabbatical leaves, and related problems." Leavitt proposed to charge $1 for annual dues – a figure that held for the next 20 years (until 1955). Leavitt remained the Bulletin's editor until 1950, and managed to publish an issue on time each out of readers' annual dues. In 1956 Leavitt was elected to the board of the national Modern Language Association, on which he served three years.He later served as Director of Inter-America Institute, a school for large groups of teachers and students from Latin American countries. Leavitt served as president of the AATSP from 1945–46, and as member of the editor's advisory council for Hispania magazine for many years. The bibliography that Leavitt maintained of Hispanic literature has been called one of his notable contributions to the field of Spanish language studies. Awards
<mask> <mask> was awarded honorary degrees of Doctor of Letters by Davidson College and by his alma mater Bowdoin. In the citation Bowdoin College called Leavitt "one of the leading scholars and teachers of the Spanish language and literature in the United States", who had helped "bring about a better understanding with our neighbors to the South, showing what the academic world can do to strengthen inter-American ties." In 1974 he was made a member of the Mexican Academy. The same year he was also installed as one of the first members of the Academy of Spanish Language in the United States.In 1972 he had been named one of the nation's top ten Spanish language scholars by a Madrid literary journal. The Sturgis Elleno Leavitt Award of the Southeastern Council of Latin American Studies, with which Leavitt was long associated, is named for him. Professor Leavitt's papers are deposited at the Manuscripts Department of the Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Personal life
The Maine native was a longtime member of the Mayflower Society. Leavitt and his wife, the former Alga Webber, long lived at 718 East Franklin Street in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where they built a New England-style white clapboard home. Leavitt died on March 3, 1976, at North Carolina Memorial Hospital; his wife Alga had died a decade earlier. Leavitt's teaching career at UNC spanned 43 years (1917–60), and until his death he worked each day at his desk in the University's Dey Hall, center of the language programs he helped nurture.Leavitt's wife was an editor and writer who was the author of Stories and Poems from the Old South: Edited by Mrs. <mask> <mask> <mask> (Alga Leavitt) published by the Seeman Printery at Durham, North Carolina in 1923. An amateur actress, Alga Leavitt had earlier worked with author Thomas Wolfe at the Carolina Playmakers, an amateur theatrical group. References

External links
 Photo of <mask> <mask> <mask>, South Atlantic Studies for <mask> <mask> <mask>, Ayer Company Publishers, 1972
 Sturgis Elleno Leavitt Papers, Southern Historical Collection, The Library of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, lib.unc.edu

1888 births
1976 deaths
Leavitt family
Bowdoin College alumni
Harvard University alumni
People from Gorham, Maine
People from Chapel Hill, North Carolina
20th-century American educators
Latin Americanists
Harvard University faculty
Northwestern University faculty
Spanish–English translators
20th-century translators

masks:
Sturgis Elleno Leavitt
Sturgis Leavitt
. Leavitt
Sturgis
Sturgis
Leavitt
Sturgis
Elleno
Leavitt
Sturgis
Elleno
Leavitt
Sturgis
Elleno
Leavitt