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<mask> (born February 23, 1976, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian model, television personality and jockey in North American Thoroughbred horse racing. She is referred to as the Danica Patrick of horse racing. She is known for her appearances on the reality tv show, Jockeys on Animal Planet, as well as being the poster girl for the Del Mar racetrack. During an interview on Sky Sports in the lead-up to the Dubai World Cup race, she said that her primary vocation was jockey. <mask> grew up in the Toronto, Ontario area where her father Hugh owned a horse farm and trained standardbreds. As a young girl, she played competitive field hockey and was invited to try out for Canada's junior World Cup team. She rode horses in equestrian events but after graduating from York University with a degree in communications and psychology, she decided to explore the opportunity to ride Thoroughbreds in flat racing.Career
Beginning in the year 2000, the Del Mar Racetrack's Del Mar Thoroughbred Club marketing team went through a major shift in their marketing direction. They realized they had to attract a more youthful audience as well as a female audience. They focused Del Mar as a fashionable destination, using social media and other avenues to market the racetrack. They hired jockey and model <mask> <mask> to be the new face of the Del Mar racetrack. Their strategy paid off, as over 13 years later Del Mar has changed their demographics and audience attendance. On October 9, 2000, at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto, <mask> won her first career race. The following year, she was voted the Sovereign Award as Canada's top apprentice jockey, repeating in 2002 when she was one of Canada's highest-paid female athletes, earning $5.7 million in purses in eight months.She finished third in the Woodbine standings that year with 124 victories with earnings of $5,751,417. She finished 31st in the national earnings title in that same year as she earned $5,968,460 with victories of 136 and had 754 mounts. She remained in Canada until the end of 2004. In the winter of 2004, she rode the winter months in the Maryland Circuit riding at Laurel Park Racecourse. She participated in the second annual Colombian Emeralds International Jockey Challenge on New Year's Day 2005 in Barbados, guided Maeve ($11.80) to victory in the first race, leading a 'Woodbine' sweep, as Jono Jones (Band Dancer) and Patrick Husbands (Blazing Colours) finished second and third, respectively. In 2005, she went to race in Florida and New York, where jockeys Ángel Cordero Jr., Shane Sellers and Edgar Prado helped her hone her skills. She rode the winter meet at Aqueduct in 2007.Her highlight in New York was a victory in the Tom Fool Handicap with Smokume at Belmont Park. During her time in New York, she rode for Hall of Fame trainer H. Allen Jerkens and trainer Todd Pletcher. In 2006, she partnered Gigawatt to win the Grade 3 Miami Mile Handicap. <mask> quickly became a top rider in Canada, but she realized that riding in Canada was never going to land her in the Kentucky Derby or the Breeders' Cup races. She then relocated to Southern California. In 2007, she returned to Canada to ride at Woodbine after a 2-year stint in the New York and Florida circuit. She finished seventh in the Woodbine standings with 69 victories out of 572 mounts with earnings of $3,246,387.She finished 77th in the national earnings title that same year with 79 victories out of 668 mounts with earnings of $3,480,229. From December 2007 to April 2008, <mask> competed at Santa Anita Park in California. Retired U.S. Racing Hall of Fame jockey Gary Stevens said: "She has become the queen of the longshots. She has won several photos against top jockeys, which shows she is a strong finisher." Allen Gutterman, Santa Anita racetrack's head of marketing, said <mask> "could become the best female jockey since Julie Krone." <mask> returned to Toronto for the 2008 racing season, and on August 9 she rode five winners on a single race card.In the summer of 2008, she rode future Kentucky Derby winner Mine That Bird to stakes wins in the Silver Deputy, Swynford and Grey Stakes at Woodbine and finished 12th aboard Mine That Bird in the 2008 Breeders' Cup Juvenile at Santa Anita. She also rode Van Lear Rose in that year Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies to finish sixth. She rode the 2008 Oak Tree meeting as she left Canada in October 2008 to ride in California. She spent a total of 6 months in California as she rode also the 2008 Hollywood Park fall meeting and the 2009 Santa Anita meeting. In 2008, she finished seventh in the Woodbine standings with earnings of $4,947,630 and had 89 victories out of 590 mounts. She finished 38th in the national earnings title with earnings of $5,937,965 and with victories of 116 out of 832 mounts. She got publicity when she was one of the jockeys featured on the reality tv show Jockeys on Animal Planet.It lasted for two seasons. <mask> had an on-again-off-again relationship with Hall of Fame jockey Mike E. Smith for six years, until 2010. Although engaged at one point, they broke the engagement in June 2010, two weeks before they raced each other at the Queen's Plate in Woodbine. In August 2011, the two were paired in a match race nicknamed the "Battle of the Exes". <mask> finished second in the 2009 Woodbine jockey standings with earnings of $7,588,868 with victories of 139 and had 981 mounts. She finished in 2009 22nd in the national earnings title as she earned $7,451,964 with victories of 159 and had 1,131 mounts. She was a finalist for the 2009 Sovereign Awards for Outstanding Jockey of the year.<mask> rode the 2010 Woodbine meet in Canada, and enjoyed a degree of success in California, winning both the Grade 2 Santa Ynez Stakes and the Grade 2 El Encino Stakes. It was her best year on earnings wise and peak position wise which placed her 13th on the National Earnings List with $8,778,038 on earnings with 152 wins. Since 2011, she now rides daily on the Southern California Circuit. In March 2011 <mask> rode Game On Dude in the Santa Anita Handicap and won by a nose in a victory that was as controversial as it was historic. It included a 12-minute stewards' inquiry due to heavy contact between her horse and two others at the top of the stretch. Ultimately the results were upheld by a 2–1 vote, making her the first woman jockey to win the Hundred Grander. In the Breeders' Cup Classic on November 5, 2011, she again led in the stretch with Game On Dude, as she sought to become the first women jockey to win the Classic.However, she was passed by Drosselmeyer, ridden by Smith, near the wire and finished 2nd to her ex-boyfriend. On March 31, 2012, again riding Game On Dude, she made history as the first woman jockey to ride in the world's richest horse race, the $10 million Dubai World Cup. Running third at one point in the race, her mount faded towards the end, and finished 12th of 13 runners. <mask> married businessman Dan Kruse in May 2012, nine months after meeting him on a blind date. They divorced in 2016. In July 2012, once again on board Game On Dude, <mask> became the first woman jockey to win the Hollywood Gold Cup. On Sunday October 21, 2012 at Woodbine Race Course she announced her retirement from the sport of horse racing as a jockey.This would be short-lived, as she returned to racing in July, 2013 at Hollywood Park Racetrack. On May 6, 2017, aboard Giro Candito in the third race at Santa Anita, <mask> joined Emma-Jayne Wilson and Francine Villeneuve as the only Canadian-born women jockeys to reach the 1,000 wins plateau. After The Wire
<mask> <mask>'s good looks have garnered much publicity. She has been featured in Sports Illustrated and had a four-page spread in Vogue magazine. She appeared in a 2004 TV commercial for Esquire watches. As well, she was chosen one of People magazine's "100 Most Beautiful People." In August 2008 it was announced that the Ottawa, Ontario-based cosmetics firm Mistura Inc. had signed <mask> <mask> as the new face for their Mistura Beauty product line.She holds a pilot's license and has lent her time and efforts to several marketing and community endeavors at various racetracks throughout North America. <mask> appeared in five episodes of the television series Luck, which began airing in North America on HBO in February 2012, portraying the character Lizzy. Year-end charts

References

External links

 Photos of <mask> <mask> at York University
 CTV interview of <mask> <mask> at YouTube
 CNW Group Ltd news report on <mask> <mask> signing with Mistura Inc.
 April 03, 2008 KABC TV, Los Angeles article titled Canadian jockey makes 'Most Beautiful' list

1976 births
Living people
York University alumni
Canadian female jockeys
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
American female jockeys
Participants in American reality television series
Canadian emigrants to the United States
21st-century American women

masks:
Chantal Sutherland
Background Sutherland
Chantal
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Sutherland
Chantal
Sutherland
Chantal
Sutherland
Sutherland
Chantal
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Chantal
Sutherland
Chantal
Sutherland


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; born ) is a Dutch actress and former fashion model. She played Xenia Onatopp in GoldenEye (1995), Jean Grey / Phoenix in the X-Men film series (2000–2014), Ava Moore on Nip/Tuck, and Lenore Mills in the Taken film trilogy (2008–2014). In 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity by the United Nations. She made her directorial debut with Bringing Up Bobby in 2011. She is also known for her role in the Netflix original series Hemlock Grove and for her role in ABC's How to Get Away with Murder. <mask> starred in the 2017 NBC crime thriller The Blacklist: Redemption. Early life and education
<mask> was born  in Amstelveen, the Netherlands.She has two sisters, director Antoinette Beumer and actress Marjolein Beumer, both of whom changed their surnames to Beumer after their parents divorced. In addition to her native Dutch, <mask> speaks English and French. She learned German, but has not kept up with it. Following her high school graduation, <mask> studied economics for a year at the University of Amsterdam, which she later called "the stupidest idea I ever had." In the early 1990s, she enrolled at Columbia University's School of General Studies to study creative writing and literature. Career

Modelling and early 1990s
In 1984, <mask> moved to the United States to begin her professional career as a fashion model. She signed with Elite Model Management and worked for Yves Saint Laurent, Giorgio Armani, Chanel, and Victoria's Secret.She starred in a 1988 commercial for the perfume Exclamation by Coty, Inc. Her looks have been compared to 1940s movie stars like Hedy Lamarr. After retiring from modelling in the early 1990s, <mask> had guest roles on several television series, including a starring role in the 1992 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Perfect Mate", as empathic metamorph Kamala, opposite Patrick Stewart, with whom she later starred in the X-Men film series. That same year, <mask> was offered the role of Jadzia Dax in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, but turned it down to pursue film roles. Her first film role was alongside Jeff Goldblum in the 1992 crime drama film Fathers & Sons. 1990s

In 1995, <mask> appeared in Pierce Brosnan's debut James Bond film, GoldenEye, as femme fatale Xenia Onatopp. She appeared in Lord of Illusions with Scott Bakula.In an attempt to fight against typecasting after her Bond girl performance, <mask> began seeking out more intriguing support roles, appearing in John Irvin's City of Industry, Woody Allen's Celebrity, Robert Altman's The Gingerbread Man, and Ted Demme's Monument Ave. Denis Leary, her co-star in Monument Ave., was impressed by how easily she blended in, initially not recognizing her, as she was already in character. In the late 1990s, she appeared in The Faculty, Rounders, Deep Rising, and House on Haunted Hill. X-Men films
In 2000, <mask> played superhero Dr. Jean Grey in the Marvel Studios film X-Men. She later reprised the role in the 2003 sequel, X2, where her character shows signs of increasing powers, but at the end of the film, she is presumably killed. <mask> returns as Jean, whose death in X2 awoke her dark alternate personality, Phoenix, in X-Men: The Last Stand (2006). For that role, she won a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. She returned as Jean in the 2013 film The Wolverine as a hallucination of Wolverine.In 2014, <mask> reprised her role of Jean Grey in a brief cameo for X-Men: Days of Future Past. 2002–present
In 2002, <mask> landed the role of villainess Serleena in Men in Black II, but had to abandon the film due to a death in her family and was replaced by Lara Flynn Boyle. <mask> had a prominent role in the second season of the TV series Nip/Tuck, as the seductive and manipulative life coach Ava Moore, which earned her Hollywood Life's Breakthrough Artist of the Year Award. She reprised her role in the final two episodes of the series. In 2007, she starred in Turn the River, for which she was awarded the Special Recognition Best Actress Award at the Hamptons International Film Festival. The following year, she starred in Luc Besson's Taken. <mask> continued to work in television, appearing in TV pilots for NBC's police drama Winters and Showtime's The Farm, a spinoff of The L Word set in a women's prison.Both pilots were rejected by their networks. <mask> provided the Dutch language narration for the Studio Tram Tour at all Disney theme parks. In 2011, <mask> made her directorial debut with the drama Bringing Up Bobby. She wrote the screenplay to the film, which stars Milla Jovovich, Bill Pullman, and Marcia Cross. She reprised her role as Lenore Mills in Taken 2 (2012) and Taken 3 (2014). She starred as the main villain Muriel in Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters (2013). <mask> has starred in the Netflix original horror thriller television series Hemlock Grove since 2013, wherein she plays the role of family matriarch Olivia Godfrey.<mask> had a recurring role in the ABC crime thriller television series How To Get Away With Murder, appearing in 9 episodes throughout the series, beginning her role in season two of the show and concluding it in the series finale. <mask> was cast in a starring role in the NBC crime thriller, The Blacklist: Redemption, a spin-off of the NBC series The Blacklist, in March 2016; it was picked up to series in May 2016. In 2019, she served as a juror for the Tribeca Film Festival. Also in 2019, <mask> joined Jeffrey Dean Morgan in The Postcard Killings, which was released in 2020. In 2021, <mask> will star in the Christian romantic drama film Redeeming Love and the upcoming action-thriller Dangerous. In a March 2021 interview, she revealed to Forbes some details about her involvement with the live action adaptation of Saint Seiya, a popular anime and manga. <mask> declared that filming was supposed to take place in Europe the previous year, but production had been postponed twice due to the Coronavirus pandemic.She also hinted that she will play one of the main characters, but did not specify their name. Personal life and activism
In 1995, <mask> married writer and director Kip Williams, son of architect Tod Williams. They divorced in 2000. She has stated that she does not want to have children. <mask> appeared with her dog, Licorice, a brindle Boston Terrier, in a 2007 PETA campaign to raise awareness for animal rights. The campaign used the slogan "Be an Angel for Animals." On 28 January 2008, she was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador for Integrity for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime at a United Nations anticorruption conference held in Nusa Dua, Bali.In 2016, <mask> showed frustration in not being cast in the new X-Men movie X-Men: Apocalypse, saying Hollywood was sexist toward older women. She said, "Women, it's interesting because they're replaced, and the older versions are never to be seen again... whereas the men are allowed to be both ages." Filmography

Film

Television

As director

 Bringing Up Bobby (2011), as director, producer, writer

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Age controversies
1960s births
Living people
20th-century Dutch actresses
21st-century Dutch actresses
HIV/AIDS activists
Dutch expatriates in the United States
Dutch female models
Dutch film actresses
Dutch television actresses
Dutch people of Frisian descent
People from Amstelveen
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni

masks:
Famke Beumer Janssen
Janssen
Famke Beumer Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
Janssen
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<mask> (born 1980 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American artist. He lives and works in New York City. Practice

Born in Cleveland, Ohio and raised in Miami, Florida, <mask> was 12 when Hurricane Andrew destroyed his home. This traumatic event has been a continuous theme through his work. <mask> attended the Design and Architecture High School and was awarded a full scholarship to The Cooper Union in New York City. He received the Gelman Trust Fellowship Award in 2003. , he won the 37th GNMH AWARD. After graduating from school, <mask> moved back to Miami and started an exhibition space called “The House” with several artist friends.It was through The House that <mask> met Emmanuel Perrotin in 2004. By 2005, Gallerie Perrotin (Paris) represented <mask>. Soon thereafter <mask> was invited to create stage design and tour with choreographer Merce Cunningham’s Dance Company leading to ongoing stage design practice and a sustained collaboration with choreographer and former Cunningham dancer, Jonah Bokaer..

<mask> founded Snarkitecture with Alex Mustonen in 2007. The architecture collaboration has included work with fashion brands, interior and architectural design, and a complete line of functional design objects. In 2014 <mask> established a film company called Films of the Future. This production company synthesizes all of <mask>’s creative output over the previous decade, creating a visual setting in which his otherworldly and futuristic artwork might exist. His debut series, Future Relic, consists of nine short films which depict a future civilization before and after Earth undergoes major ecological changes.The series also includes sculptures of petrified twentieth-century media artifacts constructed to look like artifacts decaying from obsolescence. <mask>’s most recent film series entitled Hourglass is a trio of films created in collaboration with Adidas. The trilogy follows an autobiographical story of <mask> in the past, present, and future as he travels through time wearing Adidas Originals X <mask> collaborative sneakers. In 2014, <mask>  was named as one of HypeBeast's HB100 list for their top 100 influencers has continued to remain on the Top 100 list to date . Some of <mask>’s more recent collaborative endeavors exist in the fashion world. These include projects with brands such as Adidas, Dior, Toraichi, Byredo, Rimowa, and Porsche. The collaboration between <mask> X Dior SS20 includes apparel, jewelry, accessories, and shoes inspired by <mask>’s sculptures and artwork.<mask> Cunningham

In 2006, modern dance choreographer Merce Cunningham asked <mask> to design the set, lighting and costumes for his piece, "eyeSpace." The performance premiered in 2007 at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts in downtown Miami. <mask>, the youngest artist invited to work with the company, was also the last artist to collaborate with Cunningham before the choreographer's death in 2009. The two worked on a series of performances as part of the Festival National de Danse de Val-de-Marne. For these performances, Cunningham asked <mask> to recreate the style of set design originally explored by Merce and Robert Rauschenberg. Hedi Slimane
In 2005, <mask> was commissioned by fashion designer Hedi Slimane to design the fitting rooms for Dior Homme's Los Angeles shop.Slimane's only limitations were that the rooms have "a hook, a seat and a mirror." <mask>'s design incorporates his signature plaster erosions: the white fitting room walls seem to melt onto the bench, the mirror appears to have been excavated from the wall. Jonah Bokaer
In 2007, Jonah Bokaer performed choreography inspired by <mask>'s work at Galerie Emmanuel Perrotin in Paris. Bokaer, previously a dancer for the Merce Cunningham Dance Company, is a media-artist and choreographer. Bokaer and <mask> collaborated on "REPLICA," a piece that incorporates built space, objects, and lighting in an exploration of memory loss, pattern recognition, and perceptual faculties. The performance had its world premier at IVAM in Valencia, Spain as part of Robert Wilson (director) exhibition "Frontiers." "REPLICA" toured and performed at The New Museum in New York City and Harman Center for the Arts  in Washington, DC.Their new collaboration "Why Patterns" combines <mask>'s architectural practice Snarkitecture with his performance work with Bokaer. "Why Patterns" had its world premier at Rotterdamse Schouwburg in Rotterdam, Netherlands in February 2010. The dance's U.S. premiere took place at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival in Massachusetts in August 2011. Kim Jones
Kim Jones, artistic director of Dior Men, enlisted <mask>’s help in the Spring/Summer 2020 season. <mask> did the runway set design for the show, created ad campaigns, and released a ‘Future Relics’ capsule of iconic Dior collectibles. The collection includes wardrobe staples, jewelry, sneakers, and hats inspired by <mask>’s artwork. Hajime Sorayama
Japanese illustrator Hajime Sorayama approached <mask> in 2017 with an idea for a collaborative work.Two years later this idea came to fruition when the Japanese art dealer NANZUKA’s “2G” studio displayed Arsham & Sorayama’s work. One of the more popular pieces is a female robot arm made by Sorayama holding hands with <mask>’s eroded crystal arm. Ronnie Fieg
Longtime friends Ronnie Fieg and <mask> have collaborated on numerous projects. Snarkitecture has designed six KITH stores, located in New York, Miami, and Los Angeles among others. In June 2017, <mask>ham and adidas’ New Installation opened at KITH New York. The store was transformed into a “audio, visual and tactile experience” with a functioning New York payphone as the centerpiece, painted in adidas’ signature blue. October 2017 marked the opening of the Arsham Fieg gallery located inside KITH New York.The gallery has had exhibitions from FriendsWithYou, Evren Erol, Youn Lee, Mike Lee and Sam Friedman. Snarkitecture
Snarkitecture is a collaborative practice established by Arsham and architect Alex Mustonen in 2008. Rather than make architecture, the interest of Snarkitecture lies in the exploration of existing materials within a space and how they might be manipulated to serve a new and imaginative purpose. The firm makes architecture do things it is not intended to do. In collaboration with <mask>, the practice has been commissioned for two public art projects at the new Marlins Park. <mask>/Snarkitecture were selected as one of three artists to contribute artwork to the new baseball stadium located on the site of the Orange Bowl near downtown Miami, scheduled to open in 2012. Their project for the illumination of the four super columns supporting the retractable roof gives the illusion of the columns being concealed and revealed through as light fades up and down the columns.A second project for a marker to commemorate the site of the former Orange Bowl reimagines the letters from the former Orange Bowl sign as 10 foot concrete letters dispersed in various positions through the east plaza of the new ballpark. The letters are arranged so that they appear to spell different words as visitors move through the plaza. In 2018 the pair created "Dig," an architectural intervention at Storefront for Art and Architecture in New York City. As an investigation of the "architecture of excavation," Storefront's gallery space was infilled with a solid volume of EPS architectural foam that was then excavated by hand using hand tools to create "a cavernous space for work and play." Snarkitecture also designed the A+ Award for the online publication Architizer. Recently, <mask> and Alex Mustonen started a scholarship at Cooper Union called the Snarkitecture Commencement prize. This prize is awarded to a graduating student who “demonstrates a committed interest in exploring the peripheries of their discipline in pursuit of the unexpected.”

References

External links

 <mask> at Perrotin.com
 <mask> at Moran Moran gallery
 Imaginarium of Mr. Arsham, NY Times Style Magazine
 In the Spirit of Modernist Ideals, The New York Times
 Two Men, 25,000 Ping Pong Balls and a Rabbit, New York Magazine

American installation artists
Living people
21st-century American architects
1980 births

masks:
Daniel Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Daniel
Daniel Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Daniel
Daniel Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Daniel Arsham
Arsham
Arshamrce
Arsham
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Arsham
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Arsham
Arsham
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Arsham
Arsham
Arsham
Daniel Arsham
Daniel Ars
Arsham
Daniel Arsham
Daniel Arsham
Daniel Arsham
Daniel Arsham


texts:
<mask> (25 December 1919 – 14 April 1985) was an English actress and television presenter. She played the role of Meg Mortimer (originally Richardson) in the long-running British soap opera Crossroads from 1964 to 1983. A brand new drama production has been announced by ITV Studios in November 2021, which is to feature Helena Bonham Carter as <mask>. Written by Russell T Davies, the production is titled "Nolly", following her period in Crossroads, the British soap with which she is mainly associated. Early life
<mask>'s father was an engineer in the Merchant Navy and she was born in East Ham, Essex (now part of the London Borough of Newham). She was given the middle name of Noele because she was born on Christmas Day. After attending convent school in Ilford, she was taught to dance by Maude Wells and later spent several years living in Southend-on-Sea.She made her first public appearance at the East Ham Palace and shortly afterwards, sung "Dear Little Jammy Face" at a restaurant in London. After this event, her mother and her aunt were keen for her to begin a stage career. <mask> was credited as the first woman to be seen on colour television sets, as she took part in John Logie Baird's world's first colour transmission on 3 July 1928. Career

Early career
<mask> attended RADA, appearing in repertory theatres and the West End stage. From June 1943 to July 1944, she appeared in the musical The Lisbon Story at the London Hippodrome. In April 1949, she took the role of Meg Brockie in the original London production of Brigadoon for 685 performances at Her Majesty's Theatre. She stayed with the show for a national tour.In 1953, she toured as Mrs Sally Adams in Call Me Madam after Billie Adams had played the role in the London season at the Coliseum. She appeared in two British films, 29 Acacia Avenue (1945) and Lisbon Story (1946) in minor parts. Her acting career came to a halt in 1955, when she joined Associated Television in London, where she presented their first-ever programme, The Weekend Show. She worked behind the scenes as Head of Lifestyle programmes. <mask> then studied the television medium at New York University in America, and after her return, helped Reg Watson and Ned Sherrin launch ATV Midlands in 1956. As well as being a producer, <mask> became a presenter for the new Birmingham-based service. Her first television appearance for ATV in the Midlands, Tea With Noele <mask>, was the first popular ITV chat show, and while presenting this series, she became the first woman to interview a British Prime Minister, when Harold Macmillan was in office.Initially commissioned as an emergency schedule filler, the show became so successful that <mask> gave up her executive position to concentrate on presenting. She then moved on to present a daily live entertainment show, Lunchbox, an early daytime programme. Crossroads
In the summer of 1964, Lunchbox came to an end after more than 2,000 episodes. It made way for a new daily soap opera, Crossroads, in which <mask> played the role of motel owner Meg Richardson (later Meg Mortimer), a part which had been developed with <mask> in mind, as she was still under contract to Lew Grade's ATV. First in 1969, and over the following decade, she won the TV Times award for most popular television actress on eight occasions. <mask> was the only member of the Crossroads cast who had a permanent contract; all other cast members were booked as and when on an ad hoc basis. <mask> stayed with the programme until she was sacked in 1981, when ATV was in the process of being re-constituted into a new company, Central Independent Television.Central were obliged to continue ATV's commitment to Crossroads; however, Head of Programmes Charles Denton and Head of Drama Margaret Matheson wanted to end the soap opera in favour of more expensive and lavish drama productions. The decision to dismiss <mask> - the show's most popular cast member - was taken in the hope that viewers would desert the show, giving Central a valid excuse to axe it. She returned to Crossroads in August 1983 for two episodes. In 1985, Matheson's successor Ted Childs ordered Crossroads to be revamped; one element in the updating of the show was its renaming as Crossroads Motel. The programme's new look was designed to bring back <mask> on an 'as and when' basis, starting with a three-month stint from April 1985. <mask>'s return as Meg was devised by the new producer, Phillip Bowman, who himself ended the involvement with the series of regulars Ronald Allen and Sue Lloyd. <mask>, who had already appeared in 3,521 episodes, was too ill to make the planned return.Later career
After the termination of her Crossroads contract, <mask> starred in the musical Gypsy at Leicester's Haymarket Theatre, followed by a revival of Irving Berlin's musical Call Me Madam, touring the Midlands. It then moved to the Victoria Palace Theatre in the West End, where it ran for only 88 performances. Her last stage role was in The Boy Friend at Plymouth's Theatre Royal. She became ill during the run and had to be replaced. In an interview she gave to TV Times in 1981, <mask> announced that she might, once her stage work had come to an end, take up the offer of returning to presenting. In the same interview, she commented that a future role as a breakfast television presenter was being negotiated. She would, however, not return to television full-time because of her theatre commitments.Personal life
For many years in the 1960s and early 1970s, <mask> lived in a large white-washed country house in Weir End, near Ross-on-Wye, beside the A40 road to Monmouth. <mask> never married. It became known in 1982 that <mask> was suffering from cancer, for which she underwent two major operations. She retired to her home in Birmingham, where she died in 1985 of stomach cancer. She is buried in the churchyard of St Mary's Church in Ross-on-Wye. Tony Adams, who played Adam Chance in the series of Crossroads, commented in 1985 just after her death that "There has never been a star of Crossroads, although Nolly was Crossroads." References

External links

 <mask> <mask> webpage

1919 births
1985 deaths
English stage actresses
English television actresses
English people of Scottish descent
English soap opera actresses
People from East Ham
20th-century English actresses
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Actresses from London

masks:
Joan Noele Gordon
Noele Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
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Noele
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texts:
<mask> (born 3 August 1952) is an English former association football defender. He played 163 competitive senior games from 1972 to 1980 with Manchester City, Nottingham Forest and Swindon Town. At Forest he was part of a team that won seven honours including the 1977-78 Football League First Division, the 1978-79 European Cup and the Football League Cup in both those seasons. The month after his 26th birthday and 10 days after scoring against Liverpool in the European Cup he damaged knee ligaments. He never fully recovered only playing 12 further competitive games in senior football. The last of those was in the same month as having turned 28. Playing career

Manchester City
<mask> was born in the Cheadle Heath district of Stockport.On leaving school he took a job at the Hawker Siddeley Aircraft Factory. In May 1970 he signed for nearby Manchester City as a 17-year-old apprentice from his local side Cheadle Heath Nomads. He had been with City for four months previously as an amateur. City had spotted him playing for Cheshire Youths. After playing well in the reserves, he earned his first-team debut aged 20 after two games of the 1972/73 season. He played instead of the injured Tony Book as City beat Norwich City 3–0 at home on 19 August 1972. A versatile defender, he later played at centre-back that season covering for the injured Tommy Booth.He played in both legs of the 1973-74 Football League Cup semi-final win against Plymouth Argyle. However he was overlooked in the final defeat by Wolverhampton Wanderers with the more experienced Glyn Pardoe selected instead. <mask> featured in the late season derby game in which Denis Law scored to eventually doom Manchester United to relegation. His last game for Manchester City was at Leicester City on 31 January 1976. In the three and a half season since his first team debut he played in 65 competitive Manchester City first team games (53 in the league). His only City goal came when beating Scunthorpe United 6–0 at home on 10 September in the 1974-75 Football League Cup. Nottingham Forest
Aged 23 he dropped down a division to the second tier joining Brian Clough's Nottingham Forest on loan.He debuted on 13 March 1976 in the 1–0 home win against Fulham. <mask> completed his transfer in April 1976 for a £29,000 fee. He played in 10 league games for Forest before the end of that season. <mask> later said of Clough, "His man-management was quite straightforward. He said: "If I thought you could play you would be in midfield so you are a full-back. When you get the ball you give it to that fella on the wing because he can play." He expected his defenders to defend, his centre-forwards to score goals and his midfielders to create."At the end of the 1976-77 Football League Second Division Forest were promoted to the top flight. Like at Manchester City though <mask> had not fully cemented himself as a first team regular at this stage. He played in 13 league games in the promotion campaign scoring twice. He scored two goals that season in Clough and Peter Taylor's Forest breakthrough trophy success, the 1976–77 Anglo-Scottish Cup final 5-1 aggregate win against Orient. <mask>'s peak season was that of Forest's return to the top flight. Aged 25 <mask> now established himself as a first team regular. He played in 35 of Forest's league games as they won the 1977-78 Football League First Division.Forest also won the 1977-78 Football League Cup beating Liverpool in a final replay. <mask> again played in both legs of the semi-final win, this time against Leeds United. Like at Manchester City he missed out in the final this time due to a stress fracture with Frank Clark playing at left-back instead. Forest started an unbeaten league run that carried over into the next season lasting 42 matches. On 12 August he and Forest beat Ipswich Town 5–0 in the 1978 FA Charity Shield. On 13 September in the 1978-79 European Cup <mask> scored the second goal in the 2–0 home leg win in the first round against Liverpool. In the 86th minute <mask> drove home a right foot volley of a knockdown by Tony Woodcock.10 days later on 23 September 1978 playing in the 2–2 home draw against Middlesbrough he suffered a life altering knee ligament injury. He had turned 26 the month before. He listened to the 0-0 European return tie at Anfield from his hospital bed. He only played 12 further senior competitive games in his career the last of which was less than two years after the Boro game. He made a comeback to the Forest first team in March. He played seven further competitive games for Forest before in April his knee went again. In these games he played in the 1979 Football League Cup Final 3–2 win against Southampton.He also played in drawn games as Forest eliminated Grasshopper Club Zürich and F.C. Koln en route to winning the 1979 European Cup Final. <mask>'s injury prevented him being considered for the final. In 1979/80 he only played for Forest in non-competitive games. He played in 93 competitive games (scoring 8 goals) and 128 first team games (scoring 11 goals) in total for Forest. Swindon Town

Aged 27 he moved to Swindon Town in June 1980. He stayed one season making 5 competitive appearances for them (2 in the League Cup then 3 in the league), all between 9 and 23 August.Aged 28 he dropped out of senior football in May 1981. He next joined non-league Andover. Outside football
He worked at The Crown pub in Southwell and then made snooker tables. He then settled into working as a self-employed painter and decorator. His wife Sue is a school teacher with whom he has three children. Honours
Nottingham Forest:-

 1976-77 Anglo-Scottish Cup
 1976-77 Football League Second Division promotion
 1977-78 Football League First Division
 1977-78 Football League Cup
 1978 FA Charity Shield
 1978-79 Football League Cup
 1978-79 European Cup

References

English Football League players
Cheadle Heath Nomads F.C. players
Manchester City F.C.players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C. players
Andover F.C. players
Living people
1952 births
English footballers
Association football defenders

masks:
Colin Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett
Barrett


texts:
<mask> (née Koulouvaris; January 11, 1930 – July 29, 2011) was an American businesswoman and philanthropist who was the founder and president of Agvar Chemicals Inc. and Aegis Pharmaceuticals. Early life and family
<mask> was born <mask> to Dionysis and Demetroula Koulouvaris on January 11, 1930, in Lowell, Massachusetts. She was the youngest of eight children. Her parents, both Greek immigrants, moved the family to the Bay Ridge section of Brooklyn, New York, where her father, who worked as an ice cream vendor, died when she was 14. Her mother could neither read nor write and was left to raise the family alone on the income she earned sewing buttons in a garment factory. <mask> was the only child of eight to attend college. She earned her degree in chemistry and English from Brooklyn College.After attending New York University's Stern School of Business, she shortened her surname to "<mask>" in preparation for entering the business world. <mask> was married to the late Karl Leichtman. Ted Leonsis, owner of the Washington Capitals NHL franchise and Washington Wizards NBA franchise, was her cousin. Career
In 1970, aged 40, she started Agvar Chemicals and co-founded Marsam Pharmaceuticals in 1985. She became the founder and President of Aegis Pharmaceuticals in 1992. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, <mask> maintained a close relationship with Hillary Clinton and President Bill Clinton. <mask> was appointed by President Barack Obama to the President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities, which encompassed 26 leading citizens from the private sector with an interest in and commitment to the humanities and the arts, as well as 12 heads of federal agencies which had cultural programs.<mask> also advocated for prescription drug reform. She helped draft the Hatch-Waxman Act of 1984, intended to ease generics' passage to market. She also helped draft the Greater Access to Affordable Pharmaceuticals Act, which was co-sponsored by Senators Charles Schumer and John McCain and passed as part of the Medicare Modernization Act of 2003. <mask> helped found the Generic Pharmaceutical Association, an industry group, in 2000, and chaired the organization. Humanitarian causes
In 2004, <mask> became involved with the Jazz Foundation of America. Her work with the Jazz Foundation included providing funding and creating employment opportunities for America's elderly jazz and blues musicians. Through her work in response to Hurricane Katrina, in 2006 the Jazz Foundation of America established the Agnes Varis/Musicians in the Schools Program, first reaching out to displaced New Orleans musicians and subsequently employing more than 1,000 musicians in eight states, including some 120 elderly jazz and blues musicians performing free concerts in New York City public schools, hospitals and nursing homes.There is a New Orleans street named the Dr. <mask> Way, dedicated to <mask> in 2011. In 2009, then Lieutenant Governor of Louisiana Mitch Landrieu presented <mask> with the coveted "Saint of the Century" Award at the Jazz Foundation of America's annual benefit concert, A Great Night in Harlem, at the Apollo Theater. As managing director for the New York Metropolitan Opera's Board of Directors, <mask> implemented the Rush Ticket Program funded by a $2 million contribution from her and her husband. The program enabled operagoers, senior citizens in particular, to purchase tickets at an 80 percent discount two hours prior to the show. She was a resident of New York City and active in Democratic political campaigns. In 2004, she was the 24th largest individual contributor to 527 groups, donating more than $2,000,000 to pro-Democratic groups. She became known as the Fairy Godmother of the Democratic Party during the 2000s, in a New York Times published article in October 2003.<mask> made numerous contributions to Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, sponsoring graduate research fellowships as well as facilities throughout the school, among them the <mask> University Chair in Science and Society, dedicated to exploring scientific discovery and its impact on humankind. <mask> maintained that one of her main reasons for making her name visible was to inspire other women, showing them that they, too, could achieve great success in their endeavors. In 2003, Tufts president Larry Bacow awarded her an honorary Doctorate of Public Service for her commitment to active citizenship. <mask> later served as a member of the veterinary school's Board of Overseers and the university's Board of Trustees from 2004 until 2009. In 2009, <mask> also started the Zeus Varis Fund, a fund used to help treat animals with diseases for those who cannot afford it. The Zeus Varis Fund is established by Frankie's Friends, and operates in Manhattan NYC.After <mask> was diagnosed with cancer and met other patients in the radiation therapy waiting room, she decided to do something special for them. She worked with her Oncologist, Dr. Gabriel Sara at Roosevelt Hospital in NYC and funded Cleopatra's Touch. It consists of providing women with cancer the opportunity to be beautified by specialists during the course of their therapy. It includes a haircut, makeup, nail polishing, and a massage—a true <mask> touch. The Rush Ticket Program at Met Opera in NYC initiated in 2006 by Dr. <mask> and her husband, Karl Leichtman, is supported by generous grants from the Agnes Varis Trust among other donors. Death
<mask> died at her home in New York City on July 29, 2011, aged 81. The cause of death was cancer.The lower portion of Central Park is dedicated to <mask>. Embedded there is a plaque, with a Pericles quote, "What you leave behind is not what is engraved in stone, but what is woven into the lives of others." References

1930 births
2011 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
American women in business
Brooklyn College alumni
New York University Stern School of Business alumni
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
American people of Greek descent
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American women
21st-century American women

masks:
Agnes Varis
Varis
Agnes Koulouvaris
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Agnes Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Agnesaris
Varis
Varis
Varis
Varis
Agnes
Agnes Varis
Agnes Varis
Varis


texts:
Senator <mask> was born on 16 December, 1958 to Late Mr. Marcus Araraume and Mrs. Adaezi Grace Araraume (Nee Anyiam) at Isiebu, Umuduru in Isiala Mbano Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. Education
He began his educational career at the Saint Christopher Primary School, Umuluwe, Ajirija in Isiala Mbano, Imo State. At the successful completion of his primary school education, he enrolled at the Sapele Technical College, now in Delta State, Nigeria. He later proceeded to the prestigious Dick Tiger Memorial Secondary School, Amaigbo in Nwangele Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria where he successfully completed his Secondary School education. After the completion of his Secondary School education, he proceeded to the Liberty University in Lynchburg, Virginia, United States of America where he bagged a Bachelor of Science (B.SC) Degree in Business Administration. He later obtained a Masters Science Degree (M.SC) in International Relations from the University of Benin, Nigeria. Business
After acquiring appreciable education, Senator Araraume went into private business and became a key player in that sector.He is an employer of labour with interests in Real Estate, Insurance, Retail Trade and Construction. He is the Chairman of Exclusive Stores Limited, Climax Insurance Brokers Ltd, Harmony Properties Limited and a one-time Director, defunct Inland Bank Plc (now part of FCMB) among others. Politics
He was the pioneer State Chairman of the defunct All Peoples Party (APP); later ANPP in Imo State from 1998 – 1999. State Treasurer, Liberal Convention in old Imo State from 1988 – 1989, Member, National Finance Committee of the National Republican Convention (NRC) from 1990 – 1993, Chairman, NRC Presidential Primaries for Kwara and Delta States. He was elected into the Senate in 1999 and re-elected in 2003. While in the Senate, he was: Chairman, Senate Committee on Power and Steel and the Vice Chairman, Senate Committee on Culture and Tourism. He was also the Vice Chairman of the Senate committee on the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) and Chairman, Public Hearing Committee for South-West zone on amendments to the 1999 Constitution.He was the Chairman of the Southern Senators’ Forum and a member of the National Assembly Joint Constitution Review Committee (JCRC); member, Senate committee on Petroleum Resources, Works, Finance and Appropriation. Senator Araraume also held the Chairmanship of the Senate Committee on Local and Foreign Debts. Membership of Professional Bodies
He is a member of the following professional bodies:

 Institute of Chartered Insurance, London. Benin Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture. Nigerian Institute of Management (NIM). Appointments
Appointed as National Commissioner on the Board of Nigerian Communications Commission Representing South East Zone by President Muhammadu Buhari GCFR in 2016 till date. Legislative Positions Held in the Senate Between 1999 and 2007

 Chairman, Senate Committee on Power and Steel Development
 Chairman, Senate Committee on Culture & Tourism
 Chairman, Senate Committee on Local & Foreign Debts
 Vice Chairman, Senate Committee on Niger Delta
 Chairman, Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs
 Deputy Leader, South East Caucus of National Assembly
 Chairman, Southern Senators’ Forum
 Member, Senate Committee on Works, Finance & Appropriation & Petroleum Resources
 Chairman, National Assembly Constitution Review Public Hearing Committee for South West
 Member, representing Imo State in the Constitution Review Committee of National Assembly
 Chairman, National Assembly South-East Caucus Committee on the Creation of an Additional State in South-East
 Pioneer Chairman, Southern Senators Forum (2003 – 2007)

Merit Award

 Fellow, Institute of Sales Management of Nigeria (FNISM)
 Fellow, Institute of Corporate Administration (FICA)
 Honorary Fellowship of the Institute of Internal Auditors of Nigeria (Hon.Award of A Church Builder; by The Church of Nigeria Anglican Communion, Okigwe Diocese. He is a member of the Ikoyi Club, Lagos, Benin Country Club, IBB Golf Club and the Owerri Sports Club. A good family man with children, he is married to Barr. Lolo Gladys Araraume. He is currently a member of the All Progressive Congress (APC). He also has a remarkable impact on sports and other social activities through membership of Ikoyi Club Lagos, Benin Country Club, and IBB Golf Club, Patron Orlu Country Club and Chairman Araraume Destiny Foundation. He has been awarded the following merit awards recently: Fellow, Institute of sales Management of Nigeria (FNISM) Fellow Institute of Corporate Administration (FICA) etc.He is a recipient of Justice of Peace and best serving senator from the South-East (2003-2007) by Encomium Magazine. References

Living people
Imo State politicians
Peoples Democratic Party members of the Senate (Nigeria)
Members of the Senate (Nigeria)
20th-century Nigerian politicians
21st-century Nigerian politicians
1958 births


texts:
<mask> (20 June 1833 – 8 September 1922) was a French painter, Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur and professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. Early life
<mask> was born in Bayonne, but from 1846 to 1853 he lived in Madrid, where his father owned a bookshop. While tending his father's shop, he copied engravings of works by the Old Masters, developing a passion for drawing. In Madrid he received his artistic training under Madrazo. He later worked in Paris, where he became known as a leading portraitist, never without a commission. His many portraits show the influence of Velázquez, Jusepe de Ribera and other Spanish masters, as well as Titian and Van Dyke, whose works he studied in the Prado, which placed him at the forefront of painting in France in the 1850s, opposing neoclassicism and academicism. Following the period in Spain, Bonnat worked the studios of the history painters Paul Delaroche and Leon Cogniet (1854) in Paris.Despite repeated attempts, he failed to win the prix de Rome, finally receiving only a second prize. However, a scholarship from his native Bayonne and support from the Personnaz family allowed him to spend three years in Rome (1858–60) independently where he and Antonin Personnaz became lifetime friends. During his stay in Rome, he also became friends with Edgar Degas, Gustave Moreau, Jean-Jacques Henner and the sculptor Henri Chapu. Career
Bonnat won a medal of honour in Paris in 1869, going on to become one of the leading artists of his day. Bonnat went on to win the Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur and became a professor at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in 1882. Bonnat was quite popular with American students in Paris. In addition to his native French, he spoke Spanish and Italian and knew English well, to the relief of many monolingual Americans.In May 1905 he succeeded Paul Dubois as director of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Julius Kaplan characterised Bonnat as "a liberal teacher who stressed simplicity in art above high academic finish, as well as overall effect rather than detail." Bonnat's emphasis on overall effect on the one hand, and rigorous drawing on the other, put him in a middle position with respect to the Impressionists and academic painters like his friend <mask> Gérôme. In 1917, <mask> was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Corresponding member. Paintings

Bonnat's vivid portraits of contemporary celebrities are his most characteristic works, but his most important works are arguably his powerful religious paintings, such as his Christ on the Cross (now in the collection of the Musée du Petit Palais in Paris, but not currently on display), Job (in the Musée Bonnat), St Vincent Taking the Place of Two Galley Slaves (at the church of Saint-Nicholas des Champs in Paris), and the large Martyrdom of St Denis for the Pantheon in Paris. However, he received few commissions for religious and historical paintings, and most of his output consists of portraits. He also produced genre paintings of Italian peasants, and a small number of Orientalist scenes.The writers Émile Zola and Théophile Gautier were among <mask>'s supporters. Gautier hailed him as "the antithesis of Bouguereau," because of the stark naturalism and lack of surface finish that characterize Bonnat's work. <mask> is an academic painter. He was a member of the Institute, one of the only 14 painters who had administrative power over the Academy des Beaux Arts and thereby the Ecole des Beaux Arts. He had friends and connections among the independent artists of his time as well, such as Edgar Degas, whom he met during his stay in Rome and who painted two portraits of Bonnat, and Édouard Manet, who shared his predilection for Spanish painting. He taught together with Pierre Puvis de Chavannes in the private atelier he ran before becoming professor at the École. He supported Auguste Rodin's candidacy for the Institut, and defended Gustave Courbet's submissions to the salon.Teacher
As a teacher he encouraged freedom of expression and execution. He recommended traveling to Madrid to visit the Prado Museum, and introduced in Paris the tendency paint in the Spanish way, which influenced the evolution of French painting. Some of Bonnat's more notable students include: John Singer Sargent, Stanhope Forbes, Gustave Caillebotte, Prince Eugen, Duke of Närke, Gustaf Cederström, Laurits Tuxen, P. S. Krøyer, Suzor-Coté, Robert Harris, Alfred Philippe Roll, Georges Braque, Thomas Eakins, Raoul Dufy, Jean Béraud, Franklin Brownell, Marius Vasselon, Hubert-Denis Etcheverry, Fred Barnard, Louis Béroud, Paul de la Boulaye, Aloysius O'Kelly, Erik Werenskiold, Graciano Mendilaharzu, Edvard Munch, Alphonse Osbert, Henry Siddons Mowbray, Charles Sprague Pearce, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Hyakutake Kaneyuki, Nils Forsberg, Walter Tyndale, Émile-Louis Foubert, and Harry Watrous. Later years

In his last years he made his painting evolve, from the influence of seventeenth-century painters and Goya, towards a more modern freedom of execution, scratching the brush and using the spatula, as well as a more colorful color gamut, as can be seen in his Self-portrait of the Prado Museum. In a gesture of gratitude for the help he had been provided in his youth and with the assistance of Antonin Personnaz, Bonnat built a museum in his native city of Bayonne, the Musée <mask>. Most of the works in the museum are from the personal collections of Bonnat and Personnaz of works of art, amassed over a lifetime of travelling around Europe. It includes an exceptionally fine collection of Old Master drawings from Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo to Ingres and Géricault.Bonnat died on 8 September 1922 at Monchy-Saint-Éloi, and was buried at the Cimitiére Saint-Etienne, Bayonne. Personal life
Bonnat never married, and lived for much of his life with his mother and sister in the Place Vintimille (renamed Place Adolphe-Max in 1940). Honours
 1904: Member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium. Criticisms
"We wonder why Velázquez's infant has fake shoulders and why the head doesn't join properly...And how good it looks. While a head by Bonnat joins actual shoulders...And how bad it looks!" – Paul Gauguin (from Ramblings of a Wannabe Painter Publication 2017, David Zwirner Books)

Gallery

See also

Musée Bonnat

References

Footnotes

1833 births
1922 deaths
People from Bayonne
19th-century French painters
French male painters
French Roman Catholics
20th-century French painters
20th-century male artists
French portrait painters
Academic art
Prix de Rome for painting
École des Beaux-Arts faculty
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Members of the Royal Academy of Belgium
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)

masks:
Léon Joseph Florentin Bonnat
Bonnat
Jean Léon
Bonnat
Bonnat
Bonnat
Bonnat


texts:
<mask><mask> is an American novelist, commentator, speechwriter, and teacher. Former White House Chief Speechwriter for Vice President Al Gore (1993–1995), Lehrman has written or co-written seven books including several award-winning novels, and thousands of speeches for Democratic politicians, corporate and nonprofit CEOs, and celebrities. Lehrman writes op-eds and articles under his own name, and gives workshops both around the U.S. and abroad. He is best known for his non-fiction book, The Political Speechwriter’s Companion: A Guide for Writers and Speakers, systematic look at the techniques and strategies of modern political speech, that has sold steadily for a decade and recently appeared in a second edition co-written by him and collaborator Eric Schnure. Early life
Born in Brooklyn, NY, Lehrman grew up in Queens and Cedarhurst, Long Island. His parents, <mask> and Beatrice Ginsburg, were the children of Jewish immigrants from Belarus. Lehrman's father spent much of his life in the fork lift business and ran his own company, Lehrman Equipment, for many years, while Lehrman's mother returned to Brooklyn College, finishing when she was  42.She got a master's degree in English at NYU, and taught English at Lawrence High School on Long Island. Lehrman has one brother, David, first a professional violinist, then a lawyer with the federal government. Education
Lehrman ran track and was Sports Editor of the yearbook at Lawrence High, then Tufts University, where he majored in English, wrote for the Tufts Weekly, was Fiction Editor of Tuftonian, the Tufts literary magazine, and a three-year starter on the Tufts soccer team. In 1965 he entered the University of Iowa Writers' Workshop where he studied under Kurt Vonnegut and Richard Yates, taught rhetoric and speech, and in 1968 graduated with an M.F.A. .

Professional Background

Career: Illinois, 1971-1977
In 1970, Lehrman began teaching at Muscatine (Iowa) Community College. Continuing to live in Iowa City, he ran for City Council there winning in the Primary, but losing in the General. In 1972, he joined the Illinois gubernatorial campaign of Dan Walker as a field organizer, and when Walker won became the new Governor's speechwriter. Lehrman wrote several hundred speeches for Governor Walker, before resigning in 1975 to write articles for Illinois Times, and WomenSports, and, with Phyllis Elperin Clark, his first book, Doing Time (Hastings House, 1980), a young adult book about prisons Doing Time won a Jane Addams Honor Book award in 1981.Career: New York, 1977-1987
After moving to New York in 1977, Lehrman wrote for New York's governor Hugh Carey, then combined corporate speechwriting and writing under his own name for a decade. He wrote speeches for the CEO and other officers of Texaco, Inc. from 1978 to 1986. In 1982, Harper & Row published his first novel, Juggling, an American Library Association "Best Book" for that year. Lehrman wrote two other YA novels during that time. One of them, The Store That Mama Built, was one of three finalists for the 1993 National Jewish Book Award for Children's Literature. In 1988, Lehrman published Defectors (Arbor House, Morrow, 1988), a well-received novel for adults, set during the Cold War. Career: Washington, D.C., 1978-Present
Moving to Washington D.C. in 1987, Lehrman spent a year writing for the CEO of Fannie Mae, then became chief speechwriter first for Senator Lloyd Bentsen (D-TX), and Democratic House Majority Whips William H. Gray (D-PA) and David Bonior (D-MI) before moving to the White House as Vice President Al Gore's first Chief Speechwriter.He wrote over 250 speeches for Gore and edited about the same number, before beginning his own business, Lehrman Communications, in 1996. Since then, Lehrman has written over 1000 speeches for corporate, nonprofit, and political clients, with two timeouts: a 2004 stint as Chief Speechwriter for the Democratic National Committee, and a 2008-2009 position as Speechwriter for Pfizer's CEO. Teaching
In 1998, Lehrman began teaching as an adjunct at American University. Starting with a variety of communications courses, Lehrman focused on public speaking and in 2005 created American University's political speechwriting course. He has continued both, often with co-teachers Jeffrey Nussbaum and Eric Schnure. The popular course has sent dozens of alums into political, corporate, and other fulltime speechwriting careers. Meanwhile, he has given workshops around the world, and, along with American University Professor Leonard Steinhorn, cofounded the commentary site PunditWire, a forum for speechwriters to escape anonymity through bylined essays about speech."He is the Dean of speechwriting", says David Murray, editor of Vital Speeches of the Day and founder of the Professional Speechwriter's Association, emphasizing Lehrman's role in teaching a "new generation of Americans". In 2010, American University named Lehrman its Adjunct Professor of the Year, one of only 5 all university awards given by the school, in part for Lehrman's book and influence on how to write political speeches. Books and published works

Nonfiction

The Political Speechwriter's Companion, 2009 (CQ, Press)
In 2008 Lehrman began writing "Companion," finishing the next year. He used over two hundred examples taken mostly from American political speeches to demonstrate how one structure, Monroe's Motivated Sequence, and what he calls the LAWS of political speech—language, anecdote, wit, and support—can be effective in almost any political setting. In chapters that included speeches and excerpts annotated to show how each technique worked, Lehrman analyzed ways to be effective, whether on the stump, on the Floor, or in ceremonial speeches ranging from commencements to eulogies to keynotes. He also presented an original way to close speeches that has been compared to what Alan Monroe did for the motivated sequence. The book won praise from a wide and bipartisan assortment of politicians and journalists.In 2016, SAGE Publishers, now CQ Press's parent company, decided to bring Speechwriter's Companion out in an expanded second edition. For that, Schnure joined him. Lehrman and Schnure spent almost two years revising and expanding the book. Adding over a hundred pages, and broadening its scope in such areas as ethics, the book won a foreword by longtime Republican Senator Lamar Alexander. Vital Speeches of the Day reviewer Jack Rraby called the book "a worthy successor to its beloved predecessor", while former Wall Street Journal Bureau Chief Al Hunt, called it "A classic for anyone who cares about speech or covers it." Democratic Orators from JFK to Barack Obama, 2016 (Palgrave Macmillan UK)
Democratic Orators from JFK to Barack Obama analyzes the speeches of leading Democrats from John F. Kennedy to Hillary Clinton. Written and edited by Lehrman, along with British Professors Andrew S. Crines and David S. Moon, the book, released in 2016, with a Foreword by Bonior, won praise from academics.Gillian Peele, Emeritus Professor in Politics at the University of Oxford, called the book "a powerful and impressive contribution to our understanding of the interlocking themes of oratory, rhetoric and leadership in the United States." Lehrman wrote the chapters on JFK, Jimmy Carter, and Barack Obama. Novels
Lehrman's 4 novels, mentioned above, include three for young adults and one for grownups. Juggling (Harper & Row, 1982) set in the 1960s about a high school soccer player and his first romance, became controversial because of its frankness about teenage life, but won wide praise for nuance and authenticity, winning an American Library Association Best Book award, in 1983 and many other honors. "An astonishing debut", wrote Richard Yates. In 1987, Ms. Magazine, celebrating its 15th Anniversary, named the novel one of "15 Great Books for Teenagers" that had appeared during the life of the magazine. Separations (Penguin, 1990; paperback Puffin, 1995): is another novel with a sports theme, Separations tells the story of Kim, a teen-age tennis player, whose father leaves home, meaning she and her mother move to Manhattan where she wrestles with ways to cope with a game that hasn't come together—and a family torn apart."Lehrman makes us care about Kim's personal struggle to win at her own game", wrote Booklist. Defectors (Arbor House/Morrow, 1988, Japanese edition, 1990) Set in the 1950s, this novel for adults also featured a sports theme: the narrator is an American miler who befriends a Soviet defector, also a runner, and wrestles with what to do when the United States decides to send the defector back. "Strong first novel ... extraordinarily evocative", said Publishers Weekly, while Seven Percent Solution author Nicholas Meyer wrote, "rich in its exploration of moral complexities, wonderfully evocative of a time and place." The Store that Mama Built (Simon & Schuster Children's Publishing, 1992; German edition 1995). Based on Lehrman's own family, this finalist (one of three) for the 1993 National Jewish Book Award for Juvenile Literature tells the story of a Jewish immigrant family struggling to keep their store in business after the father's death. Other Published Works
Lehrman frequently writes under his own name and speaks about politics and speech. His articles, reviews, and short stories have appeared in the Washington Post, New York Times, Politico, The Hill, WomenSports, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Illinois Times, Public Relations Journal, Transatlantic Review, Louisville Review, Tufts Magazine, and others.He wrote a widely read series of cover stories for The Christian Science Monitor Weekly Magazine and his documentary scripts include Bradley Whitford's narration for Alliance for Justice award-winning 2007 film Quiet Revolution. Personal life
For over four decades Lehrman has been married to Dr. Susan Thaul, an epidemiologist whose distinguished career in public health saw her serve with the United States Senate, the Institute of Medicine, and, most recently, the Congressional Research Service. They have two children, Michael and Eric, both with careers in film and TV, and two adorable grandchildren, Theo and Miles. Selected Articles

 "State of the Union: The crafting of a speech" (Christian Science Monitor cover story, January 2011)
 "Friends, Romans, Countrymen" (Tufts Magazine cover story, Summer 2010)
 "The Political Speechwriter's Life" (New York Times, invited piece, 2012)
 "Turning 50: The Tragedy of Tokin Gulf" (The Hill, 2014)
 "Trump's Letter to Pelosi" (The Hill, 2019)

Interviews and Online Appearances

 The Speech That Made Obama President, THNKR
 Chat from the Old Cap, University of Iowa video interview

References

Living people
Tufts University alumni
American political writers
American male non-fiction writers
American speechwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Robert A
. Lehrman
Harry Lehrman


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<mask> () was a Persian Muslim polymath: a geographer, mathematician, physician, psychologist and scientist. Born in 850 CE in Shamistiyan, in the province of Balkh, Khorasan (in modern-day Afghanistan), he was a disciple of al-Kindi. He was also the founder the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. Al-Balkhi is believed to have been the first to diagnose that mental illness can have psychological and physiological causes and he was the first to typify four types of emotional disorders: 1) fear and anxiety, 2) anger and aggression, 3) sadness and depression, and 4) obsessions

Biography
According to <mask>aziri, who was a student of the polymath, <mask>-Balkhi was a man whose face was covered in scars that he acquired following a bout with smallpox. In addition to this, he had a reserved and isolated character, leading scholars to have a lack of knowledge on his personal life. Approximately around the time of al-Kindi's death, he traveled to Baghdad, where he spent close to a decade studying several subjects including philosophy, astronomy, natural sciences, and the disciplines of the Quran. Shortly after this, he went back to Balkh.There, Prince Ahmad ibn Sahl ibn Hashim al-Marwazi, the ruler of Balkh and its surroundings, appointed him as secretary or writer. In reality, he was offered both a writing and a ministerial position by the emperor. Al-Balkh, on the other hand, declined the latter and accepted the former. The king respected his decision and rewarded him handsomely. Sometime after this, he traveled to Baghdad again, before returning to Balkh for the last time and staying there up until his death. Works
Of the many books ascribed to him in the al-Fihrist by Ibn al-Nadim, one can note the excellency of mathematics; on certitude in astrology. His Figures of the Climates (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps.He also wrote the medical and psychological work, Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul). A modern scholar describes the bulk of his works as "more than sixty books and manuscripts, meticulously researching disciplines as varied in scope as geography, medicine, theology, politics, philosophy, poetry, literature, Arabic grammar, astrology, astronomy, mathematics, biography, ethics, sociology as well as others." Figures of the Regions
His Figures of the Regions (Suwar al-aqalim) consisted chiefly of geographical maps. It led to him founding the "Balkhī school" of terrestrial mapping in Baghdad. The geographers of this school also wrote extensively of the peoples, products, and customs of areas in the Muslim world, with little interest in the non-Muslim realms. Sustenance for Body and Soul

Principles of Interaction
His balance between technical terminology and common ethical sense could be found in his monograph where he talks about the interaction between the elements of the body, seasons, and the traditional "non-natural" health elements, such as food and sleep. Mental health and mental illness
In Islamic psychology, the concepts of mental health and "mental hygiene" were introduced by <mask> al-Balkhi, who often related it to spiritual health.In his Masalih al-Abdan wa al-Anfus (Sustenance for Body and Soul), he was the first to successfully discuss diseases related to both the body and the soul. He used the term al-Tibb al-Ruhani to describe spiritual and psychological health, and the term Tibb al-Qalb to describe mental medicine. He criticized many medical doctors in his time for placing too much emphasis on physical illnesses and neglecting the psychological or mental illnesses of patients, and argued that "since man’s construction
is from both his soul and his body, therefore, human existence cannot be healthy without the ishtibak [interweaving or entangling] of soul and body." He further argued that "if the body gets sick, the
nafs [psyche] loses much of its cognitive and comprehensive ability and fails to enjoy the desirous aspects of life" and that "if the nafs gets sick, the body may also find no joy in life and may eventually
develop a physical illness." Al-Balkhi traced back his ideas on mental health to verses of the Qur'an and hadiths attributed to Muhammad, such as:

Cognitive and medical psychology and cognitive therapy
<mask> al-Balkhi was the first to differentiate between neurosis and psychosis, and the first to classify neurotic disorders and pioneer cognitive therapy in order to treat each of these classified disorders. He classified neurosis into four emotional disorders: fear and anxiety, anger and aggression, sadness and depression, and obsession. He further classified three types of depression: normal depression or sadness (huzn), endogenous depression originating from within the body, and reactive clinical depression originating from outside the body.He also wrote that a healthy individual should always keep healthy thoughts and feelings in his mind in the case of unexpected emotional outbursts in the same way drugs and First Aid medicine are kept nearby for unexpected physical emergencies. He stated that a balance between the mind and body is required for good health and that an imbalance between the two can cause sickness. Al-Balkhi also introduced the concept of reciprocal inhibition (al-ilaj bi al-did), which was re-introduced over a thousand years later by Joseph Wolpe in 1969. Psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine
The Muslim physician <mask> al-Balkhi was a pioneer of psychotherapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine. He recognized that the body and the soul can be healthy or sick, or "balanced or imbalanced", and that mental illness can have both psychological and/or physiological causes. He wrote that imbalance of the body can result in fever, headaches and other physical illnesses, while imbalance of the soul can result in anger, anxiety, sadness and other mental symptoms. He recognized two types of depression: one caused by known reasons such as loss or failure, which can be treated psychologically through both external methods (such as persuasive talking, preaching and advising) and internal methods (such as the "development of inner thoughts and cognitions which help the person get rid of his depressive condition"); and the other caused by unknown reasons such as a "sudden affliction of sorrow and distress, which persists all the time, preventing the afflicted person from any physical activity or from showing any happiness or enjoying any of the pleasures" which may be caused by physiological reasons (such as impurity of the blood) and can be treated through physical medicine.He also wrote comparisons between physical disorders with mental disorders, and showed how psychosomatic disorders can be caused by certain interactions between them. Phobias
<mask> al-Balkhi initially wrote about phobia in the 9th century, calling it Fazaa'. As of today, it is still defined in a similar manner as to what was described by al-Balkhi. Al-Balkhi details the disorder as an extreme type of fear that results in the anxiety levels of a person spiking due to increasing the depth of blood in the body. This causes the person to become shaky and disoriented, preventing them from making decisions in a timely manner. Rather than taking medicine or proceeding with blood letting, which were common methods to help an individual, he suggested gradual exposure to the object or situation that caused the fear. This technique was known as reyadat al-nafs.Sexual Attributes
While the topic of sex is more widely discussed today, al-Balkhi explored the subject in detail, specifically various sexual attributes and the affects that they have on an individual. A specific talking point that he mentioned in his work was the act of remaining abstinent. By doing so, an individual subjects themself to physical ailments, since the act is deemed by him to be "unnatural". He also recommended a specific diet and to abstain from taking medications that were believed to enhance sexuality as a means to treat sexual impotence. Politics
In a collection of works by al-Tawhidi, al-Balkhi describes politics as an art that aims to contribute to the rise of a country. Furthermore, he mentions five separate sources that play into the overall outcome of politics. These include the tangible cause as corresponding to the subjects' affairs, the official reason as the overall well-being of the people, the driving force as "the ruler’s concern for the affairs of his subjects", the purpose as the preservation of public welfare, as well as the instrumental cause consisting of using "incitement and intimidation" to achieve the goal.See also
List of scientists in medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Mathematics in medieval Islam
Medicine in the medieval Islamic world

References

Sources
M. J. de Goeje: "Die Istakhri-Balkhi Frage" (Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft, vol. 25, 42–58, 1871). H. Suter: Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (211, 1900). External links
 <mask> Balkhi's biography by W.M. Watt in Iranica

Mathematicians of medieval Islam
Medieval Persian geographers
Physicians of medieval Islam
10th-century Persian physicians
Geographers of medieval Islam
Balkhi school
9th-century Persian physicians
10th-century geographers
10th-century Iranian mathematicians

850 births
934 deaths
Islamic psychology
People from Balkh Province

masks:
Abu Zayd Ahmed ibn Sahl Balkhi
Abu Muhammad al Hassan ibn al W
Abu Zayd al
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd
Abu Zayd


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<mask> (1898–1939) was an American left wing political activist who was a founding member of the Communist Party of America. Winitsky is best remembered as one of the chief defendants of the New York "Criminal Anarchism" prosecutions that were part of the First Red Scare of 1919–1920. Winitsky served two years in prison of a 5 to 10-year sentence beginning in March 1920. Released on bail in 1922, Winitsky was ultimately pardoned by New York Governor Al Smith in January 1924. Winitsky left the Communist Party USA in 1929. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born January 25, 1898, in New York City, the son of a painter who had emigrated to the United States from Tsarist Russia. As a boy, Winitsky attended public schools in New York City.Upon graduation, he stayed in New York to enroll at Columbia University, which he attended in 1917. Early political career

From an early age, <mask> became active in radical politics. He joined the youth section of the Socialist Party of America, the Young Peoples Socialist League  in 1913 and went on to participate in the adult party itself through 1919. In 1919, Winitsky became active in the Left Wing Section of the Socialist Party, becoming a founding member of the Communist Party of America (CPA) in August 1919. In 1918, Winitsky was twice jailed for participating in strike activities, serving a sentence of 10 days in West New York, New Jersey, and an additional 30-day stint in Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Criminal Anarchism trial

During the CPA's brief interval of open public existence during the last half of 1919, Winitsky served as the Executive Secretary of the Communist Party of New York — a position which drew him to the attention of law enforcement authorities, many of whom considered the Communist Party an illegal and seditious organization. Paid stenographers were assigned to transcribe Winitsky's public utterances, with a view to generating evidence for an eventual prosecution.Although not themselves anarchists, <mask> was one of five prominent members of the American Communist movement charged under the New York Criminal Anarchy Law of 1902, a piece of legislation hurriedly passed in the wake of the assassination of President William McKinley. The indictments against <mask> and his comrades charged under the New York law — Benjamin Gitlow, who preceded him, as well as James Larkin, Isaac Ferguson, and C.E. Ruthenberg, who followed — was based upon the publication and dissemination of the Manifesto of the Left Wing of the Socialist Party in The Revolutionary Age on July 5, 1919. Prosecutors used the theory that the Manifesto of the Left Wing advocated the abolition of organized government by unlawful means and that <mask>, having been present at the Party's 1919 convention in Chicago, had subscribed to the ideas in it. An agent of the Lusk Committee testified that he had purchased copies of the manifesto from the Party's New York state headquarters at 207 East Tenth Street. <mask>'s trial commenced on March 19, 1920, before Judge Weeks in the Criminal Branch of the New York Supreme Court and was completed on March 26. The jury remained out only a few hours before returning with a guilty verdict.On March 29, Judge Weeks passed a sentence of 5 to 10 years in prison, with <mask> being transported to Dannemora State Penitentiary in Dannemora, New York. An appeal of the case was refused. Later political career

In October 1921 the Workers' League nominated Benjamin Gitlow and <mask> as their candidates for Mayor and President of the Board of Aldermen respectively. The New York City Board of Elections invalidated both nominations on the grounds that the prospective candidates were convicted criminals and were still imprisoned, and had therefore "been deprived of citizenship." John R. Voorhis, President of the elections board, stated that "We could not possibly permit the names of these men to go on the ballot. It would be a pretty state of affairs to allow felons and criminals to become eligible for office and take their places beside decent men and women." The League sued the Board of Elections, and New York Supreme Court Justice Mullan ordered the Board to restore the candidates' names to the ballot.By the end of October, though, the New York Court of Appeals had reversed the decision, and their names did not appear on the ballot in November. <mask> was freed on bail in May 1922. Following his release from prison, he became active in the activities of the underground Communist Party of America and in its parallel "legal" organization, the Workers Party of America. <mask> was a participant in the party's trade union mass organization, the Trade Union Educational League, headed by William Z. Foster. <mask> was a delegate to the ill-fated August 1922 convention of the underground CPA in Bridgman, Michigan — a gathering raided by state and federal law enforcement authorities. For attending this gathering Winitsky was indicted under Michigan's "Criminal Syndicalism" statutes, although he was never brought to trial on this charge.Winitsky worked as a manager of the Communist Party's Yiddish-language daily, Morgen Freiheit from 1922 to 1923. From 1923 to 1924 Winitsky worked as a functionary for the Federated Farmer-Labor Party, a Communist Party sponsored effort to establish what it termed a "class-based" independent political party. Governor Al Smith pardoned <mask> on January 7, 1924, stating that "I am satisfied that Winitsky has been sufficiently punished for the crime which he committed, and I have accordingly granted him a pardon." In 1929, Winitsky left the Communist Party USA to cast his lot with expelled party leader Jay Lovestone and his so-called Communist Party USA (Majority Group). Winitsky was not long in this organization, however, as a few years later he rejoined the Socialist Party of America, remaining active in that organization until the time of his death. Death and legacy

At some time before his death in 1939, Winitsky changed his name to <mask>. <mask> died of heart disease on September 10, 1939, in the Morrisania Hospital in The Bronx.He had been living at 2690 Morris Avenue. <mask> was just 41 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his widow and three brothers: Irving, William, and Benjamin Wynn. Norman Thomas, frequent Presidential candidate of the Socialist Party, was the chief speaker at <mask>'s funeral, held in New York City. Footnotes

Works
 "Speech by <mask>, Executive Secretary of the Communist Party of New York: Delivered at a Meeting Held at 175 E Broadway, NYC, December 22, 1919." Corvallis, OR: 1000 Flowers Publishing, 2005. "The Facts Speak for Themselves," The Revolutionary Age [New York], v. 1, no. 8 (Feb. 15, 1930), pp.14–15. 1898 births
Activists from New York City
American socialists
Members of the Socialist Party of America
American Marxists
Members of the Communist Party USA
1939 deaths

masks:
Harry Mordecai Winitsky
Harry Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Harry Wynn
Winitsky
Winitsky
Winitsky
Harry Winitsky


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General Sir <mask>,  (born 29 April 1934) is a former British Army officer who was Director SAS during the Iranian Embassy siege, and Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Operation Granby (the Gulf War). Early years
<mask> was born in Plymouth, Devon, the son of Surgeon Lieutenant Commander <mask> and his wife, Kitty Lawley. On 22 May 1941 his father, who had been educated at Monkton Combe School near Bath, Somerset, was killed when his ship, , was sunk by German bombers in an attack south-west of Crete. <mask> was educated at St Peter's Court School, in Broadstairs, Kent, and Harrow School. A "<mask>" is mentioned as pupil evacuee of St Peter's Court sent to Crediton, Devon in Our Land at War by Duff Hart-Davis. Military career
<mask> originally enlisted as a private in the King's Shropshire Light Infantry in 1952. He was later commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Durham Light Infantry.During his early career as an officer he served in Japan, Korea and Egypt with the regiment's 1st Battalion. Special Air Service Regiment
In 1956, <mask> <mask> attended and passed Selection for the Special Air Service. During his first SAS tour, he served in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency, as well as Oman where he was mentioned in despatches and was awarded the Military Cross in 1959 for leading a troop in the assault on Jebel Akdar. After his initial tour with 22 SAS, he returned to the Durham Light Infantry to run recruit training, before taking up the post of Adjutant of 21 SAS – the London-based Territorial Army (reserve) SAS regiment. In 1962, he was attached to the Federal Army in Aden. In 1964, he failed Staff College but was appointed Officer Commanding A Squadron 22 SAS. From 1964 to 1966, A Squadron 22 SAS was deployed to Borneo where he was second-in-command of the regiment for the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation.For his actions during this period he was awarded a bar to his Military Cross. After this tour, <mask> <mask> re-attended Staff College, and, this time, passed. After Staff College he was posted as G2 (intelligence) Special Forces at Army Strategic Command. He then served a tour as second-in-command of 22 SAS, of which he was Commanding Officer from 1972 to 1974. For service in Oman, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) in 1976 for his actions in the battles at Musandam and Dhofar. <mask> <mask> then served from 1977 in a number of administrative posts assuming command of the British Army Training Team in Sudan before returning to the regiment as Director SAS in 1979. For the next four years he commanded SAS Group with overall responsibility for military command.It was during this period that the Special Air Service Regiment became publicly known as a consequence of their storming of the Iranian Embassy in 1980. He was also responsible during the Falklands War for planning Operation Mikado. In 1982, he was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). Regular service commands
After the SAS, <mask> <mask> was appointed Military Commissioner and Commander of British Forces in the Falkland Islands from 1984 and General Officer Commanding Wales District from 1985. He was succeeded by Brigadier Morgan Llewellyn on 1 December 1987. In 1987 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB). He was General Officer Commanding South East District from 1988.Despite being due for retirement <mask> <mask> was appointed on 6 October 1990 as Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in Operation Granby (the Gulf War), in effect the second-in-command of the multinational military coalition headed by US General Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. His experience of fighting in the area, knowledge of the people and possession of some fluency in Arabic overrode concerns about his age. In this role he was largely responsible for persuading Schwarzkopf (who was initially sceptical) to allow the use of SAS and other special forces in significant roles in the conflict. The British army contingent expanded from 14,000 early in November 1990 to more than 45,000 through to completion of the engagement and cessation of hostilities in February 1991. In 1991, he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) and in August that year, <mask> <mask> received Canada's Meritorious Service Cross. By the end of his career <mask> <mask> had risen to the rank of general, and became a special adviser to the Secretary of State for Defence on Middle East military matters. In order to allow him to receive the pension benefits of full general he was given the newly created sinecurist (honorarium) post of Middle East Advisor to the Secretary of State for Defence. He retired in June 1992.Later life
In 1993, he received Saudi Arabia's Order of King <mask>z, 2nd Class, and was made a Chief Commander of the United States' Legion of Merit. <mask> <mask> has written or co-authored 18 books, including an autobiography, a personal account of the Gulf War and a number of works about the SAS. References

Further reading

External links
Interview with <mask> <mask> National Army Museum
The Papers of Sir <mask> <mask> held at Churchill Archives Centre

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1934 births
Living people
British Army generals
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Deputy Lieutenants of Herefordshire
Durham Light Infantry officers
King's Shropshire Light Infantry soldiers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
People educated at Harrow School
Chief Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Special Air Service officers
British Army personnel of the Gulf War
British military leaders of the Gulf War
British Army personnel of the Korean War
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
British Army personnel of the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Recipients of the Military Cross
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Military personnel from Devon

masks:
Peter Edgar de la Cour de la Billière
Peter de la Billière
Claude Denis Delacour de Labillière
De la Billière
Peter de la Billière
De la Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
De la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
de la
Billière
Abdulazi
De la
Billière
Peter de
la Billière
Peter de
la Billière