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<mask> (born in 1959) is a South Korean writer. Life
Eun was born in Gochang, Jeollabuk-do in 1959. She did her undergraduate degree in literature at Sookmyung Women's University, and her graduate degree in the same field at Yonsei University, both in Seoul. Her childhood was full of fairy tales and children's stories that her parents purchased for her. Eun once stated, "My most important reading was pretty much done during my childhood." Even as a student she always read books (non-schoolbooks), and also recounts reading so intently that she failed to hear that school was ending, and only realizing it when she was surrounded by silence as the other students had left. She also discovered that other students were sometimes reading her diary, and for this reason she began to intersperse into it made up stories or lines aimed at specific readers.Eun's father was a carpenter who employed many workers. Eun noted that when these workers spoke directly to her father they spoke entirely differently from when they spoke behind his back. They also betrayed, intrigued and fought with each other, and Eun particularly remembers a carpenter running off with a cook. Eun saw these things as indicative of the warmth of human relationships between imperfect humans. Eun left for middle school in Seoul, where she was an average student and entered Sookmyung University in 1977, a time of tremendous political tumult. Since childhood Eun had desired to be a writer, but upon her graduation from Sookmyung she took jobs as a high school teacher, editor, and reporter. In 1994 she took a leave of absence from her work and went to a temple armed with a laptop computer, nearly a dozen books, and a decades' worth of diaries.In her stay at the temple she finished five short stories and a novella. The novella was A Duet, which won a Spring Literary Contest in 1995. Work
<mask>'s writing combines quotidian trivialities, a sometimes jesting style, sophistication and cynicism. One of her primary themes is the impossibility of real communication between people. Eun is also a feminist, although she often departs from any kind of theoretical approach in her exploration of the larger human condition and, in fact, is intensely suspicious of any ideological approaches to life. <mask> made her entrance to the Korean literary scene in 1995 with her short novel Duet. The next year won the Munhakdongne Fiction Award for her novel A Gift From a Bird which portrayed the world of adults through the skeptical eyes of a twelve-year-old narrator.Since her debut she has written 10 books, including six collections of short stories and four novels. Secrets and Lies, published in 2005, is the three-generation story of two interrelated families. Eun's Gift from a Bird is a coming of age novel that takes place between 1969 and 1995. Kang Jinhee, a woman in her mid-30s, reminisces about her life as a spirited twelve-year-old girl. In the beginning of the novel, she declares: “When I turned twelve, there was no need for me to grow.” In order to survive her troubled life, the young Jinhee learns to detach herself from her emotions. Asserting that people should observe themselves from a distance, she comes to possess a cynical and contemptuous personality, which becomes her defense mechanism. Just like the character Jinhee, Eun's work is characterized by these two traits: cynicism and contempt.Regardless of their present circumstances, the characters who populate Eun's fiction observe themselves and the world around them in a cold, unforgiving light; their only means of protection is through self-disparagement. For Eun, all ideologies seem suspicious and are open to ridicule. Families, romantic love, rationality, power and prestige—without fail, they each fall under Eun's intense suspicion. Despite her contempt and cynicism, it is ironic that much of Eun's work deals with the subject of love. Her characters seem to be contemptuous of everything around them, striving to think about events in a cold and clinical way, yet this kind of behavior perhaps arises from the fact that they yearn for connection. After all, it is no coincidence that Eun's first short story collection is titled To Talk with a Stranger. For instance, in Save the Last Dance for Me, which is the sequel to Gift from a Bird, Kang Jinhee, who is now in her late thirties, appears to scorn love but ultimately admits the value of genuine love.In Minor League, Eun ridicules mainstream male culture and advocates a space for those who do not fit into this group. The appeal of <mask>'s work is her unique ability to combine humor with cynicism that is sophisticated and sometimes cutting. Although Eun mocks everyday interactions and conventional mannerisms, there lies in her work a deep desire for authenticity. Eun has won other awards including the 1997 Dongseo Literature Award, the 1998 Yi Sang Literary Award, the 2000 Korean Literature Award, the Munhak Dongne Literature Award in 1996, the Korean Literature Award for Fiction in 2000, the Hanguk Ilbo Literature Award in 2002, and the 2007 Dong-in Literary Award for Beauty Snubs Me. In 2012 her story "Discovery of Solitude" was chosen by LTI Korea as one of three short stories to be the subject of their LTI Essay competition. In 2014, she participated in the International Writing Program's Fall Residency at the University of Iowa in Iowa City, IA. (그것은 꿈이었을까), 1999
Nobody Checks the Time When They’re Happy (행복한 사람은 시계를 보지 않는다), 1999
Minor League (마이너 리그), 2001
Secrets and Lies (비밀과 거짓말), 2005
Beauty Looks Down on Me (아름다움이 나를 멸시한다), 2007
Past of Light (빛의 과거), 2019

References

1959 births
Living people
South Korean novelists
Yonsei University alumni
People from North Jeolla Province
International Writing Program alumni

masks:
Eun Heekyung
Eun
Eun
Eun


type: original

texts:
<mask> (, <mask>; : 5 February 1879 – 3 January 1942) was a Russian Jewish engineer, businessman, and political activist. He played an active role in two Russian revolutions, in 1905 and 1917. During World War I, he was among the founders of the Jewish Legion and of the American Jewish Congress. Later, he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine, and through his connections managed to obtain a concession for production and distribution of electric power and founded the Palestine Electric Corporation, currently the Israel Electric Corporation. A vocal and committed Zionist, <mask> also participated in establishing the Haganah, the main Jewish militia in pre-war Palestine, and founded Palestine Airways. He subsequently served as a President of the Jewish National Council. Socialist and revolutionary
<mask> was born in the town of Romny, north of Poltava, Russian Empire, now in Ukraine (also the hometown of Haim Arlosoroff and three of the founders of the first kibbutz, Degania).After graduating from a practical high school, he enrolled to the Technology Institute in Saint Petersburg and joined the Socialist-Revolutionary Party (also known as the S.R. or Eser party). He worked as a workshop manager at the Putilov plant, the largest Petersburg industry. The plant was a center of the Assembly of Russian Factory and Plant Workers, founded in 1903 by a popular working class leader, Father George Gapon. Gapon collaborated in secret with the Police Department (the Okhrana), which believed this to be the way to control the workers' movement. <mask> became Gapon's friend, which made him a noticeable figure in the S.R. party.On Sunday, 9 January 1905 (Old Style date), Gapon organised a "peaceful workers' procession" to the Winter Palace in order to present a petition to the Tzar. <mask> participated, by his party's approval. In a tragic turn of events, army pickets fired directly into the crowd, and hundreds were killed. Amid the panic, <mask> retained self-control and actually saved Gapon's life, taking him away from gun fire. This incident, known as Bloody Sunday, sparked the first Russian Revolution of 1905. Gapon and <mask> fled abroad, being welcomed in Europe both by prominent Russian emigrants Georgy Plekhanov and Vladimir Lenin, and French socialist leaders Jean Jaurès and Georges Clemenceau. Before the end of 1905, <mask> returned to Russia, and Gapon followed him.Gapon soon revealed to <mask> his contacts with the police and tried to recruit him, too, reasoning that double loyalty is helpful to the workers' cause. However, <mask> betrayed his trust and reported  this provocation to his party leaders, Yevno Azef and Boris Savinkov. Azef demanded that the traitor be put to death. Ironically, he was in fact an agent provocateur himself, exposed by Vladimir Burtsev in 1908. On 26 March, 1906, Gapon arrived to meet <mask> in a rented cottage out of St. Petersburg, and after a month he was found there hanged. <mask> asserted later that Gapon was condemned by a comrades' court and that three S.R. party combatants overheard their conversation from the next room.After Gapon had repeated his collaboration proposal, <mask> called the comrades into the room and he left. When he returned, Gapon was dead. However, the S.R. party leadership refused to assume responsibility, announcing that the execution was undertaken by <mask> individually and the cause was a personal one, denying ever having sent their comrades to the meeting on 26 March. <mask> was then condemned and expelled from the party. Turn to Zionism

Forced to emigrate, <mask> settled in Italy. Away from politics, he concentrated on hydraulic engineering.Pondering on specific Jewish problems, he became convinced that the solution was to establish a national home for the Jewish people. After World War I broke out, the Zionist movement mainly supported the Entente Powers. <mask> set the goal to create a Jewish armed force to fight for the Land of Israel. He visited European capitals, met prominent politicians and Zionist leaders, and finally joined the efforts of Jabotinsky and Trumpeldor to set up the Jewish Legion. In May 1915, on Jabotinsky's approval, <mask> travelled to the United States to promote this idea among the American Jewry. He found strong support among Jewish organizations in New York City. <mask> endorsed the labour party (Poalei Zion) and cooperated with David Ben-Gurion, Itzhak Ben-Zvi, and Ber Borochov.Together with Chaim Zhitlowsky, he founded the American Jewish Congress. At the same time, <mask> published his book The National Revival of the Jewish People under the pseudonym <mask> Ben-Ami (in Hebrew: my people's son). While in the US, <mask> managed to complete a detailed design for utilizing the Land of Israel's hydraulic resources for irrigation and electrical power production, which was his long-time dream. Anti-Bolshevik

<mask> greeted the Russian February Revolution of 1917, and in July 1917 he returned to Petrograd, welcomed by the prime minister of the Russian Provisional Government, Alexander Kerensky, also an S.R party member. Despite 12 years of absence in Russia, <mask> was soon named vice-president of the Petrograd municipality, the local Duma. In a couple of months, Petrograd Soviet, headed by Leon Trotsky, became an alternative power in the capital, hostile towards the Duma. It was clear that the Soviets were planning to overthrow the government.On 3 November <mask> became a member of the emergency Supreme Council, created by Kerensky to preserve order and justice. During an assault on the Winter Palace on 7 November, the night of the October Revolution, <mask> defended the government residence after Kerensky had escaped. When the Bolsheviks prevailed, he was arrested and put in jail, together with the "capitalist ministers". In March 1918, when German troops approached Petrograd, the Bolsheviks released <mask>, among many others. He moved to Moscow, the new capital, and took a position in the cooperative movement. However, after the unsuccessful attempt upon Lenin's life by Fanny Kaplan in August 1918, the "Red Terror" campaign against "Esers" was launched. <mask> escaped from Moscow.His last location in Russia was in the port city of Odessa, where he was a member of the defense committee. The city was governed by White Russians who were supported by the French army. On 17 March 1919 he managed to obtain a Russian passport and with an exit visa boarded an American vessel that took him to the Allied-controlled city of Constantinople. From there he sailed to Marseille, later going on to the United Kingdom before departing to British Mandate of Palestine. In Palestine

In 1919, <mask> appeared in Paris and joined other Zionist leaders, preparing propositions for the Treaty of Versailles. Promoting the electrification plan, he received financial support from Baron Edmond James de Rothschild and his son James A. de Rothschild and, finally, settled in Palestine to realise it. However, his first contribution after arrival was establishing, together with Jabotinsky, the Jewish self-defense militia, the Haganah.<mask> was the chief officer of these troops in Tel Aviv during the Arab hostilities in 1921. He participated in the demarcation of Mandatory Palestine's northern border, defining British and French areas of interest. In 1921 – over fierce Arab-Palestinian protests against giving the Yishuv an economic stranglehold of the country – the British granted Rutenberg the Jaffa and (later) the Jordan River electricity concessions. The Jaffa concession had been the first to have been executed. Operating under the name of the Jaffa Electric Company, Rutenberg in 1923 built a grid that gradually covered Jaffa, Tel Aviv, neighbouring (mainly Jewish) settlements, and the British military installations in Sarafend. The grid was powered by diesel engines, in contrast to the original commitment of Rutenberg to build a hydro-electric power station on the Auja (Yarkon) river. In 1923, <mask> founded the Palestine Electric Corporation.Following initial difficulties in launching the project, he sought and received support from then Colonial Secretary Winston Churchill. Rutenberg invited influential British politics, Lord Herbert Samuel and Lord Reading, as well as Hugo Hirst, the Director of the General Electric Company, to be members of his Corporation Council. The formidable achievement of <mask> was the "First Jordan Hydro-Electric Power House" at Naharayim on the Jordan River, which opened in 1930, and earned him the nickname "The Old Man of Naharayim". Other power plants were built in Tel Aviv, Haifa, and Tiberias, which supplied all of Palestine. Jerusalem was the only part of the Mandatory Palestine not supplied by <mask>'s plants. The concession for Jerusalem was granted by the Ottoman Empire to Greek citizen Euripides Mavromatis. After Palestine was conquered by British forces, Mavromatis resisted Palestine Electric Company's attempts of building a power station that would serve Jerusalem.Only in 1942, when his British-Jerusalem Electric Corporation failed to supply the demands of the city, did the Mandatory government ask the Palestine Electric Company to take over the responsibility for supplying electricity to Jerusalem. <mask> died in 1942 in Jerusalem. A large modern power station near Ashkelon is named after him. Additionally, streets in Ramat Gan and Netanya are named in his honor. References

External links
Popular Mechanics, November 1930
Rutenberg and the Jordan River:A revolution in hydro-electricity
RUTENBERG, PINḤAS by Moshe Medzini. Encyclopaedia Judaica article at Encyclopedia.com
Pinhas Rutenberg

1879 births
1942 deaths
American Jewish Congress
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Haganah
Hydraulic engineers
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the Ottoman Empire
Jews of the Russian Empire
Israeli activists
Israeli chief executives
Israeli engineers
Israeli Jews
Jewish activists
Jewish engineers
Jewish National Council members
Jewish socialists
Jews in Mandatory Palestine
People of the Russian Revolution
People from Jerusalem
People from Romny
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Italy
Russian socialists
Russian Zionists
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology alumni
Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians
Ukrainian emigrants to Israel
Ukrainian Jews
Ukrainian Zionists

masks:
Pinhas Rutenberg
Pyotr Moiseyevich Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Pinhas Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Pinhas
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg
Rutenberg


texts:
<mask> (1759 – 21 May 1839) was an Irish art critic and publicist, known also as an engraver and dealer. In 1792 he joined the Society of United Irishmen in Dublin, but feeling unsupported as he himself faced charges of sedition, in 1794 he testified in the government case against the United Irishman <mask>. In England he spent half a century promoting British art, most of his writings being distributed gratuitously. Early life
<mask> was born into an Irish Catholic family in Dublin, the brother of <mask> and <mask>. His father <mask> was a baker and newspaper owner. Of two other brothers, James became a newspaper editor in Philadelphia. <mask> studied drawing at the Royal Dublin Society's school.He began life as a painter and then became an engraver. After an accident to his eyes he had to abandon his career in art. He edited in Dublin the Sentimental and Masonic Magazine (1792–95). Disaffected United Irishman
In 1791, with his brother James, <mask> began to publish Rights of Irishman, or National Evening Star, an Irish nationalist paper that ran to 1795. In 1792 he joined the Dublin Society of the United Irishmen. He associated with the printing of <mask>, whose Address to the Volunteers he published in 1792; and with W. Todd Jones, whose portrait he painted for engraving, and whose Reply to an anonymous writer from Belfast he published, in 1793. <mask> did not fit easily into the Dublin Society.He was unusual in the United Irishmen, for example, in that he took the side of the journeymen in the contemporary labour agitation. Politically, he was aligned with James Napper Tandy and John Binns. He wished to promote the influence of the Catholic Society of Dublin, formed in 1791 and a radical group of about 40, and displace the traditional leadership group of Catholics of high social rank. A clash with Theobald Mackenna made his first application to join the United Irishmen problematic. In November 1792 <mask> reprinted from the United Irishmen's Northern Star, published in Belfast, a paragraph on local rejoicing at the outcome of the Battle of Valmy, and Arthur Wolfe warned him of a prosecution for seditious libel. The printing of Drennan's Address in December caused <mask> further trouble with the Dublin administration. His creditors called in their debts, he sold the Star to Randal McAllister, and went into hiding.An attempt to get help from the United Irishmen led to his arrest and release on bail in March 1793. With a wife and a family he could not easily flee the country. Expecting more support from the Society than he received, <mask> complained in letter sent under a pseudonym to , and was expelled from the Society in November 1793. This move followed exhaustive attempts by <mask> to have the Society stand bail for him (so that he could leave without requiring his friends to pay the surety). Durey argues that <mask> accurately analysed the use of the existing funds, to support leaders of higher social rank than he had. A government agent working undercover in the Society convinced <mask> to testify against Drennan with a generous offer of compensation. In 1794 he was the chief witness in the treason trial of Drennan.On that occasion, he identified himself as a United Irishman, and may well have felt that in testifying to Drennan's authorship he was not entirely betraying his own democratic ideals. Michael Durey suggests that <mask> was hostile to elite leadership in th Dublin Society whether it was from Catholic Committee members or from the "Inner Society", "Protestant but National", that Drennan had formed as a hedge against a Catholic sell-out of political reform in favour of emancipation alone. <mask> was furiously cross-examined by John Philpot Curran, but according to Durey, <mask> had done nothing to embroider the truth. Drennan was acquitted. Aftermath of the Drennan trial
Having published his side of the story in late 1794, <mask> spent some time in Philadelphia in 1795, and then came back to Dublin to run a government-subsidised paper, the General Evening Post (later the Volunteer Packet). Its sale dwindled, according to Francis Higgins, to under 20 copies, and intimidation was used against those selling it or buying space for advertisements. <mask> took part in the yeomanry volunteer force, and there ran into trouble, thought to be inciting the lower ranks against the officers.During the Irish Rebellion of 1798 he left Ireland in June, for self-preservation, returning later. In England
<mask> left Dublin for England permanently, around the middle of 1799. A dealer in pictures, prints, and other works of art, he was one of the main agents used by John Leicester, 5th Baronet in the formation of his collection. For some years he had an establishment in Marylebone Street, London. He became chief art critic to the Literary Gazette. <mask> saluted the talent of Francis Chantrey the sculptor in the Sheffield Iris, in 1805. At the end of 1816 he praised the graphical work of <mask>, then little known, and wondered aloud what posterity would make of his lack of patrons; the significant unsigned obituary of Blake in the Literary Gazette in 1827 is tentatively assigned to <mask>.He praised Washington Allston and his work Uriel Standing in the Sun to the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1818. <mask> brought James Montgomery the poet into prominence. After a visit to Cork in 1824, he wrote letters in the Cork and Dublin papers to promote the work of John Hogan the sculptor. Hogan was then able to visit Italy, to study art. Last years
<mask> settled in Birmingham about 1834. He spent time in Philadelphia, about 1836 to 1838, when he spoke there on National and Commercial Utility and Profit of the Arts of Design. He sold items from his collection, one of the purchasers being John Neagle.<mask> died in Birmingham on 21 May 1839, aged 80. Works

<mask> produced some satirical and political engravings for the 1784 British general election, working with <mask> of Drury Lane. In 1787 he turned to Ireland and the matter of religion, Arthur O'Leary and <mask>, who had joined sides in controversy with Richard Woodward. In 1789 he collected his political verse in The Nettle, aimed at the Marquess of Buckingham, and published it under the pseudonym "Scriblerus Murtough O'Pindar" He did the copperplates in Geoffrey Gambado's (<mask> Bunbury's) Annals of Horsemanship (Dublin, 1792). He also made several plates for a collection of ethical maxims, the Morals of Horace translated by Elizabeth Grattan in Dublin in 1785. In 1806 <mask> wrote a pamphlet in defence of the Princess of Wales; in 1820 he published two other pamphlets, The Conspiracies of 1806 and 1813 against the Princess of Wales linked with the atrocious conspiracies of 1820 against the , and The Present Plot showed by the Past. In 1834 he contributed to The Analyst, a Birmingham quarterly journal.He wrote also:

Thoughts on the best mode of checking the Prejudices against British Works of Art, York, 1801. A Critical Description of the Procession of Chaucer's Pilgrims to Canterbury, painted by Stothard, Lond. 1808; second edition 1818. <mask> stayed in Liverpool in 1808 with <mask>, producing this critical work on Thomas Stothard's Chaucer illustration, and meeting Robert Cromek through Roscoe. The book was dedicated to John Leigh Philips. It is reprinted, with annotations by Maria McGarrity, as Appendix 2 in Chaucer Illustrated (2003). Letter to J.A., a Connoisseur in London, Manchester, 1809; to Colonel Anderdon. Cursory Thoughts on the Present State of the Fine Arts, Liverpool, 1810. Recommendation of the Stained Glass Window of the Transfiguration for St. James's Church, Westminster, 1815. Memoirs of Bartolozzi, in the European Magazine, vols. lxvii. and lxviii. 1815.This ran through six numbers, but was left unfinished. Critical Description and Analytical Reviews of Death upon the Pale Horse, painting by Benjamin West, 1817. An edition was published at Philadelphia in 1836. A Descriptive Catalogue of a Collection of Paintings by British Artists in the possession at Sir John Fleming Leicester, 1819. Desultory Exposition of an Anti-British System of Incendiary Publication, 1819. This was an attack on Benjamin Haydon and James Elmes: Haydon had used Annals of the Fine Arts, edited by Elmes, to accuse <mask> of writing in a complimentary fashion about Benjamin West for pay. Addenda to H. Reveley's Notices illustrative of the Masters, 1820.Memoirs of B. West, R.A., in Colburn's New Monthly Magazine, 1820. Variæ: Historical Observations on Anti-British and Anti-Contemporanian Prejudices, 1822. Here <mask> continued his attacks on Haydon. Patronage of Irish Genius, Dublin, 1823. Critical Catalogue of the Verville Collection, 1823. The National Obstacle to the National Public Style considered, 1825.Subtitle Observations on the probable decline or extinction of British historical painting, from the effects of the Church exclusion of paintings. Some Memoirs of the Patronage and Progress of the Fine Arts in England . . . with Anecdotes of Lord De Tabley, 1820. Syllabus of a Course of Six Historical Lectures on the Arts of Design, Glasgow, 1828. Appeal to the Directors of the Royal Irish Institution, Dublin, 1828. Observations on the Primary Object of the British Institution for the Promotion of the Fine Arts, Newcastle, 1829. Brief Remarks on the Anti-British Effect of Inconsiderate Criticism on Modern Art and the Exhibitions of the Living British Artists, London, 1831.Ridolfi's Critical Letters, Leeds, 1831. Ridolfi's Critical Letters on the Style of <mask>, Nottingham, 1838. From the Yorkshire Gazette. Lorenzo's Critical Letters on the First Exhibition of the Worcester Institution, second series. Worcester, 1834. A third series was issued in the following year. The Letters were published in the Worcester Herald.John Constable commented on the 1835 series, that they were a "parcel of sad stuff". Syllabus of various Lectures on the Fine Arts. An unfinished work was a Life of John Boydell. <mask>'s first wife Dorothy died in 1791, shortly after his eldest son. He married again in 1792, to a Miss Lennon. One of his daughters, Elizabeth Sheridan <mask>, wrote a volume of poems called Ivy Leaves, privately printed in 1837. References
Michael Durey, The Dublin Society of United Irishmen and the Politics of the Carey-Drennan Dispute, 1792–1794, The Historical Journal Vol.37, No. 1 (Mar. 1994), pp. 89–111. Published by: Cambridge University Press. Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/2640053

Notes

Attribution

1759 births
1839 deaths
Irish engravers
Irish art critics
Irish writers

masks:
William Paulet Carey
William Drennan
Carey
John Carey
Mathew Carey
Christopher Carey
Carey
Carey
William Drennan
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
William
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
William Blake
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
Carey
William Holland
William Campbell
Henry William
Carey
Carey
William Roscoe
Carey
Carey
William Etty
Family Carey
Carey


texts:
<mask> (July 17, 1914October 3, 1990) was an American operatic soprano. Steber is noted as one of the first major opera stars to have achieved the highest success with training and a career based in the United States. Biography

<mask> was born in Wheeling, West Virginia on July 17, 1914. She was the daughter of <mask>, Sr. (1888–1966) and Ida Amelia (née Nolte) <mask> (1885–1985). She had two younger siblings – <mask>, Jr. (1917–2002) and <mask> (1918–1999). She made her debut at the Metropolitan Opera in 1940 and was one of its leading artists through 1961. She was known for her large, flexible silvery voice, particularly in the high-lying soprano roles of Richard Strauss.She was equally well known for her lyrical portrayals of Mozart's heroines, many in collaboration with conductor Bruno Walter. Beyond Mozart and Strauss her repertoire was quite varied. She was noted for success in the music of Wagner, Alban Berg, Giacomo Puccini and also in French opera. Steber sang the lead in the world premiere of the American opera Vanessa by Samuel Barber. She was also featured in a number of Metropolitan Opera premieres, including Strauss's Arabella, Mozart's Die Entführung aus dem Serail, and Berg's Wozzeck. Outside the Metropolitan her career included a 1953 engagement at the Bayreuth Wagner Festival, where her performance as Elsa in Lohengrin was highly acclaimed and recorded by Decca Records. She sang with Arturo Toscanini in his 1944 NBC Symphony broadcast of Beethoven's Fidelio.In 1954 at the Florence May Festival she sang a celebrated performance of Minnie in Puccini's La fanciulla del West with conductor Dimitri Mitropoulos. With Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra she sang the world premiere in 1948 of Samuel Barber's Knoxville: Summer of 1915, a work which she commissioned. Beyond the opera, Steber was popular with radio and television audiences in frequent appearances on The Voice of Firestone, The Bell Telephone Hour and other programs. Her extensive recording output included many popular ballads and operetta tunes in addition to arias, art songs and complete operas. In 1973 she recorded a live album of arias and songs for RCA Red Seal at the Continental Baths in New York City where a young Bette Midler was then a regular performer. At the same time she was still heard in recital at Carnegie Hall and sang a noted late-career performance of Strauss's Four Last Songs with James Levine and the Cleveland Orchestra. While she was known as an artist of the highest standards, her musical life was often disrupted by marital discord and alcohol.Upon retiring from singing, she taught on the faculty of the Cleveland Institute of Music and the Juilliard School and maintained a private voice studio. A graduate of the New England Conservatory of Music (1938), she also coached a limited number of students (vocal performance majors) there in a "master class" format at least in the years 1975-1977. She established the Eleanor Steber Vocal Foundation with an annual contest to assist young singers in launching their careers. Her many recordings are still available, as are audio and visual tapes of her radio and television broadcasts for The Voice of Firestone. Her papers are held by Houghton Library at Harvard University. Personal life
Steber struggled at times with asthma and alcoholism. She was married twice.Her first husband was pianist Edwin Lee Bilby. Her second husband was Colonel Gordon Andrews, whom she married in 1958, at the time she created the role of Vanessa at the Metropolitan Opera. Andrews managed her career and started the STAND record company, a joint venture that produced numerous recordings of Steber's performances. They were married for nine years. She had three stepchildren: Marsha Andrews, an opera singer who studied with her at the Cleveland Institute of Music and in New York and who also sang at the Metropolitan Opera for 12 seasons; Gordon Andrews Jr., retiree from GM, now deceased; and Michelle Andrews Oesterle, a choral conductor, singer and founder of the very successful Manhattan Girls Chorus. Death
She died on October 3, 1990, in Langhorne, Pennsylvania, following heart valve surgery and is interred at Greenwood Cemetery, Wheeling, West Virginia. Selected discography
<mask> sings Richard Strauss; VAI Audio; Karl Böhm (1st work), James Levine (2nd work, encore), conductors.Recorded: Munich, June 4, 1953, (1st work); Cleveland, May 5, 1970 (2nd work, encore)
<mask> sings Mozart – Selections Voice of Firestone; VAI Audio; Robert Lawrence (1st–6th works), Wilfred Pelletier (7th) or Howard Barlow (8th–10th), conductor. Recorded Apr., 1960 (1st–6th works); from Voice of Firestone radio broadcasts, 1946–1952 (remainder). <mask>, her first recordings (1940); VAI Audio; Wilfrid Pelletier, conductor; Recorded May 30–31, 1940 and June 25–26, 1940, Town Hall, New York City; and June 17, 1940, Academy of Music, Philadelphia. The Eleanor Steber Collection. Vol. 1, The Early Career, 1938–1951; Armand Tokatyan (3rd and 5th works); George Cehanovsky (6th work); Leonard Warren (6th work); Recorded 1938–1951. Puccini – Madama Butterfly; Sony Classical/ Columbia; Jean Madeira, Suzuki ; Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus; "1949 Metropolitan Opera Association Production".Samuel Barber – Knoxville: Summer of 1915 (Columbia Masterworks). Dumbarton Oaks Chamber Orchestra, William Strickland, conductor. Recorded November 7, 1950. Wagner – Lohengrin; Teldec; Bayreuth Festival; Josef Keilberth, conductor. Live 1953. Puccini – La Fanciulla del West 1954 June 15 live performance at the Florence Maggio Musicale, Dimitri Mitropoulos conductor, with Mario Del Monaco and Gian Giacomo Guelfi (2008 CD release on Regis Records RRC2080)
Samuel Barber – Vanessa; RCA Victor; Metropolitan Opera Orchestra and Chorus ; Dmitri Mitropoulos, conductor; Recorded February and April 1958 in Manhattan Center. <mask>er Live at the Continental Baths;RCA Victor; Recorded October 4, 1973.References

Sources
 <mask> collection, ca. 1920–1990, Houghton Library, Harvard University. Steber, <mask> by Martin Bernheimer, in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992)
 Peter G. Davis in his book American Opera Singers offers a fine portrait of Steber. <mask>er: an autobiography with Marcia Sloat; Wordsworth, 1992. He loves me when I sing: remembering <mask>er; Judith Buffington and other friends; Cottrell Printing, 1993. Mozart: Eight Operatic Arias for the Soprano Voice by Rita Beatie.G. Schirmer, Inc. 80 pages. This compilation, authored by one of Steber's students, provides annotated music scores documenting <mask>'s interpretations of eight Mozart arias. External links
  by Carrie Jacobs-Bond (1862–1946)
  – lyrics by Frank Lebby Stanton (1857–1927) and music by Oley Speaks (1874–1948)
 <mask>eber photographs, ca. 1935–1977, digital.lib.buffalo.edu; accessed July 18, 2015. Interview with <mask>, March 16, 1985

1914 births
1990 deaths
American operatic sopranos
Cleveland Institute of Music faculty
People from Langhorne, Pennsylvania
Musicians from Wheeling, West Virginia
Burials at Greenwood Cemetery (Wheeling, West Virginia)
Women music educators
20th-century American women opera  singers
Winners of the Metropolitan Opera Auditions of the Air
American women academics
Singers from Pennsylvania
Classical musicians from Pennsylvania

masks:
Eleanor Steber
Eleanor Steber
William Charles Steber
Steber
William Charles Steber
Lucile Steber Leslie
Eleanor Steber
Eleanor Steber
Eleanor Steber
Eleanor Steb
Eleanor Steber
Eleanor
Eleanor Steb
Eleanor Steb
Steber
Eleanor St
Eleanor Steber


texts:
<mask> (died 1135), also known as <mask>ch Ua Briain, <mask>g, and <mask>in dynast and King of Dublin. He was one of two sons of Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland. Domnall's father appears to have installed him as King of Dublin in the late eleventh- or early twelfth century, which suggests that he was his father's successor-designate. Although Domnall won a remarkable victory in the defence of the Kingdom of Dublin in the face of an invasion from the Kingdom of Leinster in 1115, he failed to achieve the successes of his father. After his final expulsion from Dublin at the hands of Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht, and the death of his father, Domnall disappears from record until his own death in 1135. He was perhaps survived by two sons. Background

Domnall was one of two recorded sons of Muirchertach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland; the other being Mathgamain.Domnall was a member of the Uí Briain, a branch of the Dál Cais, descended from the eponymous Brian Bóruma mac Cennétig, High King of Ireland. Domnall's mother was Derb Forgaill, daughter of Lethlobar Ua Laidcnén, King of Airgíalla. The fourteenth-century Annals of Tigernach accord Domnall the epithet gerrlámhach ("short-armed") which may indicate—if the term is taken literally—that he suffered some sort of deformity. Muirchertach Ua Briain was one of three sons of Toirdelbach Ua Briain, High King of Ireland, a man who secured control of the Kingdom of Munster in the 1060s before gaining the high-kingship of Ireland less than a decade later. In 1075, in an act of overlordship over the Kingdom of Dublin, Toirdelbach Ua Briain appointed Muirchertach Ua Briain King of Dublin, following a precedent set by Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó, King of Leinster, a previous claimant to the Irish high-kingship who had done the same to his own eldest son, Murchad, in 1052. When Toirdelbach Ua Briain finally died in 1086, his sons bitterly contested the kingship of Munster before Muirchertach Ua Briain succeeded in securing it for himself. By 1091, the latter appears to have regained control of the Dublin, only to lose it to Gofraid Crobán, King of the Isles, who united it with the Kingdom of the Isles.Gofraid's reign in Ireland was short-lived, as Muirchertach Ua Briain forced him from Dublin in 1094. After the Gofraid's death the following year, Muirchertach Ua Briain appointed his own nephew, <mask> mac Taidc, as King of the Isles. Uí Briain influence in the Isles was similarly short-lived, however, as <mask> mac Taidc was apparently forced from the region, and Magnús Óláfsson, King of Norway seized control of not only the Isles, but perhaps even Dublin itself, before falling in battle in 1103. Later in 1111, <mask> mac Taidc temporarily seized the kingship of the Isles in an act that may have been opposed by his aforesaid uncle. The reasons for <mask> mac Taidc's exit from the Isles are uncertain. Although he may have been forcibly ejected by the Islesmen, he may well have returned to Ireland to take advantage of Muirchertach Ua Briain's rapidly failing health. Kingship of Dublin

In 1114, the power of a now gravely ill Muirchertach Ua Briain's began to waver.The kingship of Munster was temporarily seized by Muirchertach Ua Briain's half-brother, Diarmait Ua Briain. The record of a grant to Christ Church Cathedral, in which Domnall is styled "King of Ireland", appears to suggest that he attempted to assert a claim to the kingship as well. In fact, the fifteenth-century Mac Carthaigh's Book specifically states that <mask> was installed in the kingship of Dublin by his father in 1114. Although Muirchertach Ua Briain's problems were lessened with the death <mask> mac Taidc in 1115, within the year the co-kings of Leinster—Donnchad mac Murchada and Conchobar Ua Conchobair Failge, King of Uí Failge—took advantage of his own decline, and attempted to gain control of Dublin by way of a major assault upon the town. In fact, Domnall's father and grandfather had excluded the Kingdom of Leinster from overlordship of Dublin for the last forty years. Furthermore, not only was Conchobar was an unremitting opponent of Domnall's father, but Donnchad possessed several links to the kingship of Dublin as he was married to <mask> mac Taidc's sister, and further had a claim of his own, as both his father and grandfather—Murchad and Diarmait mac Maíl na mBó—held the kingship during their own careers. The prospect of overlordship from nearby Leinster, as compared to the more distant and anaemic overlordship of Munster, appears to have compelled the Dubliners to oppose the Leinstermen.The ensuing battle itself is recorded by both the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century Annals of Ulster and the eleventh- to fourteenth-century Annals of Inisfallen, which reveal that it was Domnall himself who marshalled the forces of Munster to victory. Considering Munster's weakened state, his triumph in Dublin was remarkable achievement. Unfortunately for Donnchad, however, he lost his life in the encounter; and according to the thirteenth-century ecclesiast Giraldus Cambrensis, the Dubliners added insult to injury by burying his corpse with that of a dog as a show of contempt to the Leinstermen. There is uncertainty as to when Domnall originally gained the kingship of Dublin. His father could have installed him as such upon assuming the Irish high-kingship, or perhaps following the aforesaid ousting of Gofraid Crobán in 1094—although it is not impossible that <mask> mac Taidc was installed as king at this point instead. Another possibility is that Domnall had been appointed king not long before his victory over the Leinstermen—perhaps upon his father's failing health in 1114—or else not long after his successful defense of Dublin. Whatever the case, the evidence of <mask>'s kingship indicates that Muirchertach Ua Briain was the third consecutive claimant to the high-kingship to appoint an intended successor to the kingship of Dublin.Although Muirchertach Ua Briain recovered enough to regain power in Munster within the year, Dublin was later lost to Donnchad's kinsman and Leinster successor, Diarmait mac Énna meic Murchada, King of Leinster, who died there in 1117. Meanwhile, as Muirchertach Ua Briain's power continued to evaporate, the authority of Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht ever increased. In 1118, several sources, such as the sixteenth-century Annals of Loch Cé, the seventeenth-century Annals of the Four Masters, the twelfth-century Chronicon Scotorum, and the Annals of Tigernach, indicate that Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair gained control of Dublin. In fact, the later source specifies that he had driven Domnall from the kingship once and for all, revealing that <mask> had regained the kingship following Diarmait mac Énna's death in 1117. Although this source also relates that hostages from the "northern half of Ireland" were recovered from Dublin by Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair, a statement perhaps indicative of the power that Domnall managed to preserve over northern realms once firmly under his father's suzerainty, at his height Domnall's father had been one of the most successful Uí Briain monarchs, and Domnall was unable to match his accomplishments. <mask>'s victory in Dublin marked the beginning of the end of Munster domination of Norse-Gaelic Dublin. Before the frail Muirchertach Ua Briain finally died in 1119, he was forced to resign the kingship of Munster in favour of his half-brother.When the latter died in 1118, Toirdelbach Ua Conchobair had the realm partitioned between Tadc Mac Carthaig in the Kingdom of Desmond, and the sons of Diarmait Ua Briain in the Kingdom of Thomond. <mask> himself was excluded from the kingship. Death

Thereafter Domnall disappears from record until his death, as an old man at Lismore, dated by the Annals of the Four Masters to 1135. The annal-entry itself describes him as a one-time lord of Leinster, which could be evidence that he had tried to seize Leinster at some point in his career. The Annals of Tigernach apparently also record <mask>'s death, although the annal-entry identifies him as a grandson of Muirchertach Ua Briain. Long afterwards in 1157, Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, King of Cenél nEógain, a contender to the Irish high-kingship, invaded the partitioned Munster and forced the submission of Diarmait Mac Carthaig, and further drove out Toirdelbach mac Diarmata Uí Briain—the son of Domnall's aforesaid uncle, Diarmait Ua Briain—and replaced him with another Uí Briain dynast, Conchobar mac Domnaill Uí Briain, King of Ormond. The latter was likely a brother of Lughaid mac Domnaill Uí Briain who was slain in the battle of Móin Mhór in 1151.Both men—Conchobar and Lughaid—could well have been sons of Domnall himself. Primary Source Data

This entry in the Annals of the Four Masters speaks the battle of 1115 between <mask> <mask> (aka Domhnall Ua Briain) and Donnchad mac Murchada (aka Donnchadh Ua Mael-na-mbo)

 M1115.5 "A battle was gained by Domhnall Ua Briain and the foreigners of Ath-cliath over the Leinstermen, wherein fell Donnchadh Ua Mael-na-mbo, lord of Ui-Ceinnsealaigh, and Conchobhair Ua Conchobhair, lord of Ui-Failghe, with his sons, and many others besides them." This entry in the Annals of Ulster speaks the battle in 1115 mentioned above between <mask> <mask> (aka <mask> ua Briain) and Donnchad mac Murchada (aka Donnchad grandson of Mael na mBó):

 U1115.4 "A defeat was inflicted by <mask> ua Briain and the foreigners of Áth Cliath on the Laigin, and in it fell Donnchad grandson of Mael na mBó king of Uí Cheinnselaigh, and Conchobor ua Conchobuir, king of Uí Fhailgi, with their sons and many others besides." Ancestry

Notes

Citations

References

Primary sources

Secondary sources

1135 deaths
11th-century Irish monarchs
12th-century Irish monarchs
Monarchs of Dublin
O'Brien dynasty

masks:
Domnall Gerrlámhach
Domnall Gerrlámha
Domnall mac Muirchertai
Domnall Ua Briaria
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Domnall
Gerrlámhach
Domnall
Gerrlámhach
Domnall
Domnall


texts:
<mask> is an American visual artist whose work focuses on the intersection between drawing, photography, and sculpture. Since 2001, she has been on the faculty of the Art Studio Program in the Department of Art and Art History at the University of California, Davis. Professional career
Since completing her BFA at Kansas City Art Institute in 1977, <mask> has exhibited with Lang & O'Hara Gallery (1987, 1989, 1991), Lennon Weinberg(1995, 1997, 2004, 2011), Eli Marsh Gallery(1997), Fotofest (2000), State University of New York at Purchase Gallery (2001), Project Row Houses (2002), University of California, Davis Art Center (2003), Centre International d'Art Contemporain, Pont-Aven, FR (2005), California State University, Stanislaus Gallery (2006), Dan Soker Gallery (2003 and 2007), Another Year in LA (2006, 2011, 2015) Lesley Heller Project Space(2007), Jay Jay Gallery (2008), Shasta College Gallery (2009), and Ramon's Tailor (2014). Additionally, she has participated in hundreds of group exhibitions such as “Get Lucky: The Culture of Chance” (2012) at SOMArts, San Francisco, CA; "Emergence and Structure" (2012), University of Florida Gallery, which traveled to Freedom Tower/Miami Dade College, and Lafayette College; “Tomorrow’s Legacy: Gifts Celebrating the Next 125 Years”(2011) at the Crocker Art Museum; “Synthesis and Distribution, Experiments in Collaboration” (2005), for which she collaborated with Stephen Kaltenbach at Pace University Art Gallery; and “Thinking in Line: A Survey of Contemporary Drawing” (2004), curated by Ron Janowich for University of Florida Gallery. In addition to having collaborated with Kaltenbach, Hill has collaborated with Ulla Warchol (exhibiting as Biolunar) and Mathematician Janko Gravner, who co-discovered the snowflake algorithm. Work

Sculpture
In addition to locating Hill's work "at the crossroads of the mundane and the mystical, where he physical object pulls us into invisible realms," Raphael Rubinstein has remarked upon the "sense of epic labor" accompanying many of her sculptures, as well as how "hers is a hybrid art in its seamless joining of the found and the handmade." Denise Carvalho describes Hill as "attached to the potentiality of materials; whether they are found, purchased, or inherited."In the 1980s, art writers discussed <mask>'s sculptures in the context sculptors such as Tom Butter, Saint Clair Cemin, John Duff, Fortuyn O'Brien, Robert Gober, Steve Keister, Mel Kendrick, and Joel Otterson. This generation of sculptors were known for conveying content from "gentle craft substances: fiberglass, beeswax, veneered wood, string, paper, pigment and fabric." That era's critics recognized <mask>'s life-size, weighty, abstract sculptures for signaling a revived interest in body art, as well as the figure, which remains the hallmark of 90s sculpture. In Michael Brenson's 1986 New York Times art review, he describes her work At Arm's Length as suggesting "hills, bones, and cliffs, but it can also bring to mind the characteristic body shift of Greek and Renaissance standing figures." In the 1990s, <mask> started exhibiting sculptures made from series of identical objects. Kristin Koster remarks, "Today, amid a vast cadre off artists who reuse; recycle; or re-purpose the cast away materials that populate their environments; <mask> stands apart as a disinterested collector; and as a kind of aristocratic flaneur of the everyday....She never makes use, cycles, or purpose: instead she makes visible, resurrects, and liberates." Drawing
In 1995, <mask> exhibited Blue Lines, five monumental drawings, "each one nine-feet tall, made on four-part panels of specially-waxed paper.All are done only in blue on white; recalling Delft tiles; and all consist of four-part units generated from the same curved line; repeated and overlaid on itself in various ways." Lacking a beginning or end, <mask> considers her oil-stick drawings roadmaps, capable of leading viewers on a visual journey. Accompanying these drawings were three massive mandala-like forms, which she formed by lining up 4000 identical plaster cones that were cast using Dixie paper cups, then dipped in ballpoint-blue paint, and sprawled on the floor in patterns recalling cloverleaf interchanges. <mask>'s drawings are featured in Lines of Vision: Drawings by Contemporary Women. After a 2013 summer residency at the Sanskritti Foundation in New Delhi, <mask> made 300 rubbings of the same 1960s Eastman Kodak slide carousel, which she mounted on the walls, partly overlapping one another. Recalling her decision to do so, <mask> adds, "My idea of drawing is that I could cultivate that sense of being really engaged and not worrying about the future, or what the work means in terms of the overarching ideas, and just be deeply involved in my work." Cyanotypes
Hill's 1995 exhibition featured a cyanotype, evoking an X-ray of the "axial skeleton of some organism, or the molecular structure of a particular substance."In 1997, she exhibited a "16' x 13' cyanotype drawing made of hundreds of six-inch 'photographs' of ephemeral matter (strands of scotch tape). This 'curtain' serve[d] as a type of atmospheric stage for the two works on the floor of the main gallery." In 2001, she exhibited Sweet Everyday, a 100-foot long cyanotype enwrapping Lennon, Weinberg, Inc.'s Soho gallery in a David Reed-like wavy brushstroke, created by placing ordinary shopping bags on photo-sensitive paper exposed to light. Several white plastic bags hovered in the gallery, echoed by the banner's billowing shapes. <mask> elaborates, "The immediacy of this process serves as a counterpoint to the more deliberate and labor-intensive tasks of building sculptural forms, whose invisible dimensions are revealed in the after images of their companion cyanotypes." Sound Art
In 2006, <mask> collaborated with fellow UC-Davis faculty member Sam Nichols on Kardex, an interactive sound work featuring a steel cabinet, whose 29 drawers each frame one of <mask>'s photographs of a friends' ears. Opening up the drawers "triggered Nichols's MIDI-to-Mac hookup mechanism."Each drawer played a recorded everyday sound, such as footsteps, running water, numbers being dialed, sanding, etc. Public collections
<mask>’s work has been collected by Planet Fitness, Achenbach Foundation for Graphic Arts, Legion of Honor; Rosewood Sand Hill, Menlo Park, CA; Brooklyn Union Gas, Chatham Imports, New York; Champion International Paper, Cleary Gottlieb, New York; Cowan, Liebowitz & Latman, P.C. New York; Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Fogg Art Museum, Richard L. Nelson Gallery, University of California, Davis; Rosenthal & Rosenthal, New York, NY; Milbank, Tweed, Hadley and McCloy; Prudential Insurance Company, Bingham, Dana & Gould, Boston, MA; Lee & Silva Terry, Atlanta, GA; Long Island University, Wynn Kramarsky, New York, NY; Hammer Museum; Crocker Art Museum, and Jones Day, Cleveland, OH; The Rosewood Mansion on Turtle Creek; and Jan Shrem and Maria Manetti Shrem Museum of Art, Davis, CA. Teaching

In 2007, <mask> was appointed to Professor at University of California, Davis. Prior to being hired there as an Assistant Professor in 2001, <mask> held numerous teaching positions in the art departments of State University of New York at Purchase (1998-2001), Parsons School of Design (1991-2001), Rhode Island School of Design(1997-1998) and Middlebury College(1991). Additionally; she has served as a Visiting Artist at Amherst College, Anderson Ranch, Bennington College, Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, California State University, Sacramento and California State University, Stanislaus, Claremont Graduate University, Empire State College, Haverford College, Kansas City Art Institute, Lafayette College, Maryland Institute College of Art, Middlebury College, Muhlenberg College, Parsons School of Design, Pont-Aven School of Art, Purdue University, Rhode Island School of Design, School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Syracuse University, Union College, University of Iowa, University of California, Riverside, University of Oregon, Virginia Commonwealth University

Awards, fellowships, and residencies

In addition to having received a University of California, Davis New Initiative/Collaborative Research Award, two New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowships, a National Endowment for the Arts grant, and two Pollock-Krasner Foundation grants, Hill has been awarded numerous university grants to support her teaching, travel and research. In 2012, she was awarded a residency at the Sanskriti Foundation in New Delhi, India.References

External links
 <mask>'s website
 1988 Points of View exhibition catalog
 1991 Lang & O'Hara exhibition catalog
 2001 UC Davis exhibition catalog
 2007 interview with Ron Janowich
 2011 CSU Stanislaus exhibition catalog
 2012 Emergence and Structure catalog
 2011 Case Discussions exhibition catalog
 2015 Zettel III magazine article

21st-century American artists
Living people
Kansas City Art Institute alumni
1955 births
21st-century American women artists

masks:
Robin Hill
Hill
Robin Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Robin Hill


texts:
<mask> [KY-ris EH-bare] (born October 9, 1980) is an American former professional football player who was a linebacker and safety. He was originally signed by the Minnesota Vikings as an undrafted free agent in 2002. He played college football at Louisiana-Lafayette. In the NFL <mask> has been a member of the Houston Texans and Cincinnati Bengals. In the CFL he has also been a member Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, and Montreal Alouettes. Early years
<mask> attended Eunice High School in Eunice, Louisiana and was a letterman in football, basketball, and track & field. In track & field, he set the school record in the high jump.College career
He attended college in Lafayette, Louisiana where he was a standout defensive back for the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Ragin' Cajuns. In each of his three seasons between 1999 and 2001 he led the team in tackles made. He also played in every game during this period. Professional career

Minnesota Vikings
In April 2002, <mask> signed with the Minnesota Vikings. He was released in September at the end of training camp. Houston Texans
<mask> was signed by the Houston Texans and was on the active roster for their final game of the 2002 season. He was released by the Texans in 2003.Ottawa Renegades
<mask> then moved up north to Canada where he played in the 2004 and 2005 seasons with the Ottawa Renegades of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He quickly became one of the most feared hitters and Special Teams players in the CFL. In December 2005, <mask> signed a controversial five-year contract with Ottawa that would have made him one of the highest paid defensive players in the CFL. However, the Ottawa organization folded, and it appeared that <mask> was going to become a free agent and eligible to pursue the NFL. <mask> played in 34 games for the Renegades, in 2 seasons with the club. <mask> had 122 tackles, 57 special teams tackles, 1 sack, 5 interceptions, 2 fumble recoveries and scored 3 defensive touchdowns. Winnipeg Blue Bombers
In April 2006, the Winnipeg Blue Bombers claimed <mask> off waivers from Ottawa just as <mask> was about to sign a new contract with the Cincinnati Bengals.After appealing the claim with the CFL Players Association, <mask> agreed to a settlement contract for two years with Winnipeg. In the 2007 season, <mask> led defense helped Winnipeg reach the Grey Cup. He played 33 games for the Blue Bombers over 2 seasons and made 86 tackles, 45 special teams tackles, with 7 sacks, 3 interceptions and 3 fumble recoveries. Cincinnati Bengals
On December 31, 2007, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Cincinnati Bengals. He was released by the Bengals on September 4, 2010. Hamilton Tiger-Cats
On October 20, 2010, he signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats (CFL). He played in two games making 4 tackles.He was released during the following off-season on March 29, 2011. Montreal Alouettes
On May 7, 2012, <mask> signed with the Montreal Alouettes (CFL). <mask> had strong 2012 and 2013 CFL seasons with the Alouettes. He contributed 48 tackles, 27 special teams tackles, 3 sacks and 2 interceptions in  2012; good enough to make him a CFL All-Star at the safety position. His 2013 season was arguably even more impressive as he set a career-high in tackles and sacks with 68 and 9 respectively. Despite this he was not recognized as an All-Star. On February 10, 2014, one day before the start of free-agency, <mask> signed a 3-year contract with the Alouettes.On June 28, 2014, Hebert struck reigning Most Outstanding Player Jon Cornish with a brutal, illegal high tackle, resulting in Cornish sustaining a severe concussion. <mask> received the maximum fine for the hit while Cornish never fully regained his health, forcing him to retire at the end of the 2015 season due to the injury. <mask> missed half of the 2015 season with an ankle injury. Kyries <mask> played a full season in 2016 and set a career-high in tackles with 78. <mask> broke his 2016 record the following season, cracking the 100 tackle mark, finishing third in the league with 110. In September 2016, <mask> was fined for a hit to the head of Brendan Gillanders. On August 15, 2017, <mask> again received the maximum fine for an illegal hit on Argos QB, Cody Fajardo.After the Alouettes made a series of additions on defensive at the start of 2018 free agency <mask>, age 37 at the time, requested his release; which was granted by the Als on February 16, 2018. Ottawa Redblacks
Only a couple hours after being released by the Alouettes <mask> signed with the Ottawa Redblacks (CFL). <mask> had played in Ottawa with the Renegades from 2004 to 2005. On June 29, 2018, <mask> received a one-game suspension for a dangerous hit to the head of Calgary Stampeders receiver DaVaris Daniels. <mask> was suspended again in early September 2018 after another dangerous hit, this time on Alouettes receiver B.J. Cunningham. He played 11 games for the Redblacks in 2018 and contributed with 51 tackles, two sacks and a forced fumble/recovery.Following the season in December 2018 the Redblacks informed <mask> that they would not be re-signing him, and that he would become a free agent in February 2019. Philanthropy
On July 15, 2010 <mask> <mask> founded Ky Cares Foundation Inc. The mission of the foundation is to facilitate the relentless pursuit of success in the face of adversity so that youth may know that a person's circumstances do not dictate his or her destiny. They hold a yearly event where proceeds benefit struggling schools in Acadiana areas through scholarships and monetary donations. Past celebrity participants include Terrell Owens and Roman Harper. <mask> was the 2013 recipient of the prestigious Tom Pate Memorial Award. This honor goes to the player who demonstrates "outstanding sportsmanship and someone who has made a significant contribution to his team, his community and Association."References

External links
Montreal Alouettes bio
Official Site of Ky Cares Foundation
Cincinnati Bengals bio
Hamilton Tiger-Cats bio

1980 births
Living people
American football linebackers
American football safeties
American football wide receivers
American players of Canadian football
Baltimore Ravens players
Canadian football defensive backs
Canadian football linebackers
Cincinnati Bengals players
Houston Texans players
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football players
Minnesota Vikings players
Montreal Alouettes players
Ottawa Renegades players
People from Eunice, Louisiana
Players of American football from Louisiana
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Ottawa Redblacks players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players

masks:
Kyries Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Hebert
Kyries
Hebert
Hebert


texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1982 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American film and video editor, director, cinematographer, graphic designer, actor, writer, producer and voice over artist. He has acted in and directed several World Premiere theatrical productions, and his editing work on short- and feature-length films have won awards at several festivals. <mask> has trained as a videographer, actor, singer, and improvisational comedian, currently continuing work in Milwaukee, New York City, Atlanta and St. Louis. Working mainly with Atlanta filmmaker and entertainer Parthiban Shanmugam, other collaborators include Wade Ballance, Philip Barrett, Kevin L. Powers, and Thomas Smugala. Influenced by French videographer and university lecturer Pier Marton and screenwriter Richard Chapman, he has focused his career on narrative filmmaking, while also piecing together documentaries on energy healing, life after death and astral projection. He currently resides in New York City due to his interest in The New York Presbyterian Hospital which utilizes energy healing, and proximity to The Monroe Institute and University of Virginia, both of which partake in astral projection and consciousness research. Film and Television Acting
  Highly Experimental (2001) as Narrator
  Making Revolution (2003) as Activist
  Between Lust and Brookings Drive (2003) as The Man
  With Only a Belle (2004) as Himself
  Hooch & Daddy-O (2005) as Fan
  October Road (2007) as Townie & Bartender
  You're Rejected (2008) as Himself
  Van Wilder: Freshman Year (2009) as Parent of Graduate
  3 Cats and a Man (2012) as Himself
  Pikuach Nefesh: Saving <mask> (2016) as Himself
  Messiah (2017) as Friend 1
 Broadcast (2022) as Meredith's Assistant
 Mob Times (2022) as Mikey Hand Soap

Theatrical Acting
Hirsh's acting style has been described as amusing, comic, and quirky.His complexion and physical appearance have been compared to John Belushi, Jon Lovitz, and Steve Zissis, with a comic voice comparable to Nathan Lane's. He prefers the Practical Aesthetics school of thought, pioneered by David Mamet, William H. Macy and Robert Bella; having taken a summer intensive course there in 2094, alongside Anna Chlumsky and Lucy DeVito. He has actively participated in various other acting styles and techniques. Hirsh starred as himself in an improvised Thesis project directed by Washington University senior Lora Ivanova in 2003. I See (You See) was a one-act play starring five actors, one of which would be audience-voted to strap a video camera to their head while playing out suggestions for improvisational scenes. The piece, mostly comic, was met with positive reception. <mask>'s most notable performance was his portrayal of Sir Vashya Shontine in Tennessee Williams' one-act play, Me, Vashya, written in 1937 during the playwright's short tenure at Washington University.The complete script was later published in the compilation The Magic Tower and Other One-Act Plays by publisher New Directions. Me, Vashya was performed as a World Premiere production with The Glass Menagerie as part of the Washington University in St Louis Tennessee Williams Symposium in February 2004. Hirsh's third World Premiere production, Six Seconds in Charlack, by Washington University alumni Brian Golden premiered on April 28 of 2005. Charlack was later performed on New York City's Off-Off-Broadway circuit at the Clemente Soto Vélez Cultural Center in August 2009. Theatrical Performances

The Wizard and the Shepherdess (1998) as Narrator
All in the Timing (2001) as Don
Alice in Wonderland (2002) as Humpty Dumpty
Once in a Lifetime (2002) as Herman Glogauer
I See (You See) (World Premiere, 2003) as Himself
All's Well That Ends Well (2003) as Parolles
Guys & Dolls (2003) as Nathan Detroit
School for Wives (2003) as The Notary
Me, Vashya (World Premiere, 2004) as Sir Vashya Shontine
Cabaret (2004) as Herr Schultz
Downsize (2004) as Walter
The Fantasticks (2004) as El Gallo
Six Seconds in Charlack (World Premiere, 2005) as Scoop and TSA Officer
Tick, Tick... Boom! (2005) as Stephen Sondheim
Backyard (World Premiere, 2020)

Theatrical Directorial Experience
 Tick, Tick... Boom! (2005)
 A Shave (World Premiere, 2006)

Tick, Tick... Boom!was <mask>'s first major directorial debut after Washington University secured the rights from the estate of Jonathan Larson to be the third venue in the world to produce the little-known rock musical. A Shave was the first of a World Premiere site-specific trilogy of plays written by student Lauren Dusek and inspired by the on-campus success of Downsize by Chicago playwright Christopher Welzenbach. Downsize was staged at Washington University's Mallinkrodt Center Men's Bathroom, with a maximum of only 11 or 12 audience members viewing the show at a time. The trilogy, consisting of A Shave, A Haircut and A Song, was staged in the Washington University Small Group Housing parking lot, an on-campus apartment, and a racquetball court in the Athletic Complex, respectively. Biographical Film

Following a divorce from Aline Gray in 2009, filmmaker Parthiban Shanmugam proposed the creation of a biographical film starring <mask> and Atlanta singer/songwriter Debbie Aviva Kessler. The film's style would mimic My Dinner With Andre, in which the bulk of the picture was a completely improvised conversation between the two main characters, as well as footage from <mask> and Gray's actual wedding, with a subsection devoted to Primal Therapy as the film's penultimate sequence. 3 Cats and a Man screened only once on May 17, 2012 in France.Unhappy with the outcome, Shanmugam had the film re-edited and retitled Pikuach Nefesh: Saving <mask> in 2016. The latter gained more attention due to Shanmugam's burgeoning social media presence, and was released through Amazon Prime Video in 2017. The film received generally negative critical reviews, with one user commenting, "<mask> is not a particularly interesting person, in fact he is pretty boring," and another, "The characters are odd, and I didn't find myself liking either of them. More like feeling sorry for them. I give the main character credit for loving the film "Harold and Maude," though." References

1982 births
Living people
20th-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American writers
21st-century American comedians
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American writers
American film producers
American male comedy actors
American male comedians
American male television actors
American male writers
American male screenwriters
American television writers
Male actors from Milwaukee
Writers from Milwaukee
Filmmakers from Milwaukee
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
American male television writers
Whitefish Bay High School alumni

masks:
Daniel Hirsh
Hirsh
Daniel
Hirsh
Hirsh
Hirsh
Hirsh
Daniel
Daniel


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<mask> (, born 30 August 1988, nicknamed "Lord", "The Gull" or "Ernie") is a Latvian professional tennis player. In 2008, <mask> won his first ATP Tour doubles title at the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, teaming with Rainer Schüttler, and in 2010, he won his first ATP Tour singles title in the Delray Beach, defeating Ivo Karlović in the final. In total, <mask> has six ATP titles to his name. His best performance at a Grand Slam is reaching the semifinals of the 2014 French Open. He had previously reached the quarterfinals of the 2008 French Open. <mask>' career-high singles ranking is world No. 10, making him the only Latvian tennis player ever to be ranked inside the top 10 in ATP Singles Ranking.He achieved this in June 2014. Beginning after Wimbledon 2011, <mask> was coached by Austrian Günter Bresnik, until his departure the day before the 2016 French Open. Previously, he was coached by Guillermo Cañas, and before that by Hernán Gumy (who before that was Marat Safin's coach), but their partnership ended due to Gumy's schedule; during that time, Darren Cahill served as <mask>' consultant for several tournaments. Before Gumy, Gulbis was coached by Karl Heinz Wetter, and subsequently by Nikola Pilić, the former professional Croatian tennis player and Croatian and German Davis Cup captain. Personal life
Gulbis grew up in an upper-class household. His book-collecting parents named him after Ernest Hemingway. His father Ainārs is an investment businessman, and his mother Milēna Gulbe-Kavace is a theater actress.His maternal grandfather Uldis Pūcītis was a popular actor and film director. The second of five children, <mask> has three sisters and one brother. His younger half-sister Laura Gulbe is also a tennis player. <mask> comes from a sporting family in general, and his paternal grandfather, Alvils <mask>, was one of the starting five players on ASK Rīga, the Soviet Union basketball team that won the European Championships. He first started playing tennis with his grandmother. <mask> married Tamara Kopaleyshvili in November 2017, and they are raising a child in Riga, Latvia. When Gulbis stunned world no.1 Roger Federer at the 2010 Italian Open after throwing away six match points, he told reporters that "I shit my pants a little bit there...excuse my language" and has bragged about his racquet-throwing "skills" in an on-court interview. On a telecast during the 2010 Western and Southern Financial Group Masters from Cincinnati, broadcasters Brad Gilbert, Patrick McEnroe and Chris Fowler compared <mask> to former world No. 1 Marat Safin in terms of both playing style and attitude on and off court. Like Safin, <mask> often comments about his own lack of discipline and/or interest in practising, but is forthcoming about his aspirations for a high ranking. In 2009, <mask> was arrested in Sweden for soliciting prostitutes. He called it a "misunderstanding". After paying a fine, he was released in time to play in the Stockholm Open.Speaking about the need for more explosive rivalries in tennis (e. g., Connors-McEnroe), in 2013 he said that Federer, Nadal, Djokovic and Andy Murray were "boring" in interviews. The next year, at the French Open, when <mask> was asked if he would encourage his sisters to pursue professional tennis, he said he believed that women should "focus on family and kids". <mask> speaks Latvian, English, Russian, some French, and German. Interestingly, <mask> hates technology such as cell phones and prefers to read in his spare time. Tennis career

Early years
<mask> began playing tennis at the age of 5 with his grandmother. At the age of 12, he attended the Nikola Pilić tennis academy in Munich and trained there until age 18. One of the players he trained with at the Niki Pilić academy was future world No.1 Novak Djokovic who sometimes practiced with <mask> when they were at the academy. He refused to play much junior tennis as he only played in three tournaments winning one in May 2004. He mainly played in men's ITF futures events to start his career and  officially turned pro in June 2004 at the age of 15. Professional career

2004–2006: ITF and challenger success and St. Petersburg semifinal
<mask>' first event at any level was a challenger tournament in Germany in June 2004 after receiving a wildcard into the main draw. He lost in the first round to Teymuraz Gabashvili in straight sets. For most of 2004–2006, he solely played ITF futures events while also occasionally playing in challenger events. At first, he struggled to win matches.But his results started to improve as time went on and he won his first futures title in September 2005. After this win, he made four more futures finals in 2006 winning two. In July 2006, <mask> made his first challenger final where he lost to Michal Tabara in straight sets. Two weeks later, he made his second challenger final where he lost to top seed Florian Mayer in three sets. <mask> received direct entry into the 2006 US Open Qualifying, his first Grand Slam qualifying draw. There, he upset 5th seed Dick Norman in the first round in straight sets before losing in the second round to Michaël Llodra in straight sets. <mask> made his ATP debut at the 2006 St. Petersburg Open after receiving a wildcard into the main draw.There, he reached the semifinals where he lost to 3rd seed and eventual champion Mario Ančić in straight sets. Because of his result, his ranking jumped 48 spots from 204 to 156. <mask> ended 2006 with his first challenger title without losing a set defeating Philipp Petzschner in the final. He also won two doubles challenger titles within the year both partnering Mischa Zverev and another doubles final partnering compatriot Deniss Pavlovs. He ended the year with a year-end ranking of 141. A remarkable jump from his ranking of 418 at the beginning of the year. His results during the year earned him the award for Rising Star of the Year at the 2006 Latvian Sports Awards.2007: Breaking into top 100, Grand Slam debut and US Open fourth round

<mask> started his season as a qualifier in the Sydney Medibank International, losing in the first round to Marcos Baghdatis of Cyprus. He was subsequently defeated in the first qualifying round of the Australian Open. <mask> was relatively successful on the Challenger circuit in 2007. He reached the quarterfinals in Bergamo (l. to Fabrice Santoro) and the semifinals in Heilbronn (l. to Michaël Llodra). <mask> won his second Challenger title by triumphing over the local favorite, Edouard Roger-Vasselin, at the Besançon Challenger in France, enabling him to break into the ATP Top 100 for the first time in his career. In his next tournament, the Sarajevo Challenger, <mask> emerged victorious in both the singles and doubles events. In the first week of October, he won the Mons Challenger in Belgium (d. Kristof Vliegen) as the top seed, breaking into the ATP Top 50 for the first time in his career and surpassing Juan Martín del Potro as the highest-ranked player born in 1988.This win also meant a fourth consecutive title. <mask> announced his arrival on the Grand Slam stage in the 2007 French Open by defeating the British veteran, Tim Henman in straight sets to advance to the second round. It was heralded by the British Davis Cup captain, John Lloyd, as "... a brilliant performance from <mask>, that is just pure and utter talent." <mask>' run was halted in the second round by Spaniard Álbert Montañés in a four-set, rain-interrupted match. At Wimbledon, his second Grand Slam participation, <mask> again was drawn to face Marcos Baghdatis in the first round. He won the first set before succumbing in four sets. <mask> debuted in Grand Slam doubles by teaming up with Ivan Ljubičić, with whom he had reached the semifinals of the 2007 Ordina Open.At the 2007 US Open, <mask> upset 30th seed, Potito Starace, in the first round and eighth seed, Tommy Robredo, in the third round, the latter for the loss of only 6 games. In that match, <mask> broke Robredo six times and had 39 winners to Robredo's seven. <mask>' run was finally halted by former World No. 1, Carlos Moyà, to whom he lost in four sets. 2008: French Open quarterfinal

In the first round of the 2008 Australian Open, <mask> lost to Marat Safin in straight sets. He reached the second round of the 2008 Pacific Life Open, where he lost a tight match to former Grand Slam finalist David Nalbandian in a final set tiebreak. In the first round of the 2008 Miami Masters, he defeated Dominik Hrbatý, but in the second round met eventual champion Nikolay Davydenko.After winning the first set 6–3, he lost the following two sets in tiebreaks. His biggest result up to that point occurred when he reached the quarterfinals of the 2008 French Open. Throughout the tournament he beat Simon Greul, seventh seed James Blake, Nicolás Lapentti, and home-favourite Michaël Llodra. In the quarterfinals, he lost to third seed Novak Djokovic in three tight sets. In his next tournament, he reached the third round of the 2008 Queen's Club Championships, beating Kristof Vliegen and 12th seed Andreas Seppi. He lost to sixth seed Andy Murray, after winning the first set 7–5. In the first round at Wimbledon, <mask> defeated fellow rising star John Isner, but lost in the second round to second seed and eventual champion Rafael Nadal in a four set, rain-interrupted match.Other than Roger Federer, he was the only player to take a set off the eventual champion. At the 2008 Cincinnati Masters, <mask> defeated Jarkko Nieminen, Arnaud Clément, and James Blake, but succumbed in the quarterfinals to third seed Novak Djokovic. The young Latvian then traveled to Beijing to take part in the 2008 Summer Olympics, where he lost his first-round match to Nikolay Davydenko. At the US Open, <mask> defeated Thomas Johansson in the first round, before losing to Andy Roddick in the second, again after winning the first set. Coincidentally, it was both his and Andy's birthday on the day they played. 2009: Decline in form and rankings
<mask> began the year strongly by defeating world No. 3 Novak Djokovic in straight sets in the first round of the Brisbane International before falling in the second round to Paul-Henri Mathieu.It would be the first time and one of only two times that Djokovic ever lost in the first round of a tournament with the other instance being against Juan Martín del Potro at the 2016 Olympics. It would also be <mask>' only victory against Djokovic to date. He lost in the second round of the 2009 Australian Open to Igor Andreev in five sets, after beating Albert Montañés in the first round in straight sets. <mask> was seeded third heading into the 2009 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, but was defeated in the first round by former World No. 8 Marcos Baghdatis. It was the fourth time he was drawn to face Baghdatis in the first round of a tournament. <mask> had a poor clay-court season compared to 2008, failing to go deep in any of the tournaments preceding the French Open.<mask> also failed to defend his quarterfinal appearance at the French Open, causing his ranking to drop to World No. 67, the lowest it had been since the summer of 2007. At the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, <mask>, unseeded, defeated Italian Riccardo Ghedin in the first round, before falling to third seeded Andy Murray. <mask> played in the Indianapolis Tennis Championships in singles and doubles. He lost to Marc Gicquel of France in the first round. However, he entered the doubles draw with Russian Dmitry Tursunov and won the championship, defeating top seeds Ashley Fisher and Jordan Kerr of Australia in the final. At the US Open, <mask> was again drawn to play Andy Murray early in a Grand Slam, losing to the No.2 seed in the first round. At the 2009 Rakuten Japan Open Tennis Championships, <mask> advanced to the quarterfinals, upsetting sixth seed Radek Štěpánek in the first round as a qualifier, then defeating top-20 player Juan Mónaco in the second in straight sets. He lost to eventual champion and second seed Jo-Wilfried Tsonga after taking the first set. The year saw a general decline in his ranking, with <mask> failing to go deep in any of the Grand Slams. He momentarily dropped out of the top 100 in August and finished the year ranked 90 and with a win-loss record of 20–26. 2010: First ATP title
To begin the year, <mask> claimed wins in the first two rounds of the Australian Open precursor tournament, the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, defeating sixth-seeded Spaniard Albert Montañés and Italian Andreas Seppi. <mask> progressed to the third round, where he was defeated in a tight three set match against World No.1 Roger Federer. At the 2010 Australian Open itself, <mask> was ousted in the first round by 30th seed Argentine Juan Mónaco in straight sets. In February, <mask> reached his second career semifinal at an ATP 500 event, the Regions Morgan Keegan Championships in Memphis, Tennessee. In the second round, he defeated third seed Radek Štěpánek, facing two consecutive Czech players as he ousted fifth seed Tomáš Berdych in the third round in a tight, three set match. He lost in the semifinals to eventual champion Sam Querrey. At the end of February, he then competed in the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, an outdoor hard-court tournament, where he won his maiden ATP tour title. In the final, he faced 6' 11" Croatian and second seed Ivo Karlović, winning convincingly.With this victory, his ranking rose back into the top 50. <mask>' next tournament was the 2010 BNP Paribas Open, an ATP 1000 Tier tournament. <mask> defeated Swiss player Marco Chiudinelli in the first round, but succumbed to fifth seed Nikolay Davydenko in the second round. Davydenko later withdrew from the tournament due to a wrist injury exacerbated during the match. <mask> did not compete in the Sony Ericsson Open, instead returning to Europe to train for the clay season. At his first clay-court tournament of the season, the ATP 1000 Monte-Carlo Rolex Masters, <mask> again defeated Swiss Marco

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 Chiudinelli in the first round, this time in straight sets, but lost to 13th seed Stan Wawrinka in the second round, also in straight sets. At his next tournament, the ATP 500 Barcelona Open Banco Sabadell, <mask> reached the quarterfinals, defeating Peter Luczak, Jérémy Chardy, and Albert Ramos-Viñolas, all in straight sets.He lost to in-form, eventual champion Fernando Verdasco in the quarterfinals. With this result, <mask>' ranking rose back into the top 40 and also pushed his career win-loss record past 50% for the first time in his career, his year-to-date win-loss record at 15–7. At his next tournament, the 2010 Internazionali BNL d'Italia in Rome, <mask> was drawn to face Marcos Baghdatis in the first round of a tournament for the fifth time in his career, although for the first time on clay. He defeated Baghdatis for the loss of only four games, which set up a match with top seed and World No. 1 Roger Federer. After losing the first set, <mask> rallied to win the match 7–5 in the third, converting his seventh match point for his biggest career win to date. In the third round, he backed up his win over Federer, with a battling final set tiebreak victory over Italian qualifier Filippo Volandri.In the next round, <mask> defeated Feliciano López to reach his first semifinal at an ATP Masters 1000 tournament, where he lost to Rafael Nadal in a tight, three-set match, hitting 50 winners and 59 errors throughout. This made <mask> the first player to take a set off Nadal on clay in 2010. With his semifinal appearance, he assured himself a seeded position at the 2010 French Open. At the 2010 Mutua Madrileña Madrid Open, <mask> got off to a winning start in the first round against 2010 Estoril Open champion Albert Montañés. He carried on his good vein of form, defeating 10th seed Mikhail Youzhny and Feliciano López. In the quarterfinals he again faced World No. 1 Roger Federer, which ended in the opposite result: <mask> losing after taking the first set.Expectations were high for <mask> as the former quarterfinalist came into the 2010 French Open seeded 23rd (ranked World No. 27), after having an incredible clay-court season. However, <mask> retired during the first round citing a hamstring injury against the veteran Frenchman and World No. 38, Julien Benneteau. Due to his injury sustained during the clay-court season, <mask> withdrew from Wimbledon and its precursor tournaments, effectively missing the entire grass season. <mask> returned to the ATP in July, first competing in the Farmers Classic in Los Angeles, California. He defeated Lukáš Lacko in the first round in straight sets, but lost to the in-form Alejandro Falla in the round of 16 in three sets.He next played in the Legg Mason Tennis Classic, where he received a first-round bye, but quickly retired in the second round to Ukrainian Illya Marchenko, citing fatigue. His next tournament was the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 Rogers Cup. He defeated World No. 26 Thomaz Bellucci in the first round easily, but fell to World No. 5 Robin Söderling in the second round in a tight match. He then played the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 Western & Southern Open, defeating Donald Young in the first round and 13th seed Jürgen Melzer in the second, both in close matches. However, he fell in the third round to World No.4 Andy Murray in another tight encounter, decided by a final set tiebreak. <mask> who was the 24th seed, lost in the first round of the US Open to Jérémy Chardy of France in three sets, marking the fourth consecutive first-round lost at a Grand Slam tournament. <mask> then took three weeks off to play for the Latvian Davis Cup team against Poland, winning both of his singles rubbers against Jerzy Janowicz and Michał Przysiężny. His next tournament was the PTT Thailand Open. He received a bye through the first round, and defeated Rainer Schüttler in three sets, advancing to the quarterfinals, where he fell to Guillermo García-López, also in three sets. He then played the Japan Open Tennis Championships, but suffered an upset defeat at the hands of World No. 432 Dmitry Tursunov.<mask> suffered two more consecutive first-round losses at the hands of Richard Gasquet, at the Shanghai Rolex Masters, and Novak Djokovic, at the Swiss Indoors. However, in his final tournament of the season, he bounced back at the ATP World Tour Masters 1000 even in Paris, where he dispatched World No. 40 Juan Ignacio Chela and World No. 10 Mikhail Youzhny, both in straight sets. He then fell to Andy Roddick, also in straight sets. <mask> ended the year at a then-career-high of World No. 24.2011: Second ATP title
To begin the year, <mask> claimed wins in the first two rounds of the Australian Open precursor tournament, the Qatar ExxonMobil Open, defeating Victor Hănescu and Antonio Veić, both in straight sets. <mask> progressed to the quarterfinals, equaling his 2010 run, where he was defeated in a tight match against World No. 1 Rafael Nadal. <mask> next played in the 2011 Medibank International Sydney. He received a bye through the first round due to being seeded third for the tournament and defeated Russian Igor Andreev in the second round in three sets. He then defeated Sergiy Stakhovsky in the quarterfinals, before losing to eventual champion Gilles Simon of France in the semifinals, citing fatigue as a cause for his low intensity. His next tournament was the 2011 Australian Open, where he lost in the first round to unseeded German Benjamin Becker in straight sets, again citing fatigue and illness for his poor showing.It marked his fifth consecutive loss at a Grand Slam event. <mask> then withdrew from his next three tournaments, his ranking momentarily rising to his personal best of World No. 21 due to Marin Čilić failing to defend his points from the 2010 Australian Open. <mask> returned to the tour in late February. His next tournament was the Dubai Tennis Championships, an outdoor hard-court tournament, which was held simultaneously with the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, the tournament at which <mask> attained his first ATP title. In the first round, seeded 8th, <mask> won against wild card entrant and former doubles partner Michael Berrer, despite having trouble with his first serve, giving away seven double faults throughout the match. <mask> fell to Sergiy Stakhovsky of Ukraine in the second round in three sets.<mask>' season did little to improve as he next played in the 2011 BNP Paribas Open, receiving a bye through the first round, before struggling with Lu Yen-Hsun, but ultimately prevailing, with the first two sets going to tiebreaks. In the third round, he was swiftly defeated by eventual winner Novak Djokovic, winning one game. He then proceeded to play the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, receiving a bye through the first round, but losing in the second round to World No. 72 Carlos Berlocq. Ranked World No. 30 going into the Monte-Carlo Masters, he defeated the Ukrainian World No. 21 Alexandr Dolgopolov in his first round in straight sets, before losing to Milos Raonic in the second round, also in straight sets.<mask> proceeded to lose in the first round of the 2011 Serbia Open to Ukrainian Illya Marchenko, in straight sets. From late April to mid-May, <mask> took three weeks off due to fatigue before competing in the 2011 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur. In his first two rounds, he defeated Fabio Fognini and Denis Istomin, both in three sets, before falling to World No. 6 Tomáš Berdych in the quarterfinals. From there, <mask>' playing deteriorated further as his ranking dropped from No. 30 to No. 85 during the clay-court season, failing to defend his deep runs in 2010.He proceeded to lose his next four matches in a row: against Blaž Kavčič at the French Open, against Adrian Mannarino at the Queen's Club Championships, against Dmitri Tursunov at Wimbledon (which marked his seventh, consecutive first-round exit at a Grand Slam, and after which he took nearly a month off from tennis to train with his new coach), and against former World No. 4 James Blake at the Atlanta Tennis Championships. However, <mask> won his second ATP title at the Farmers Classic in Los Angeles, where he snapped his five-match losing streak by defeating fifth seed Belgian Xavier Malisse in a final set tiebreak in the first-round. He then defeated American qualifier Daniel Kosakowski in straight sets. In the quarterfinals, he defeated Juan Martín del Potro with relative ease, before defeating Russian Alex Bogomolov, Jr. in the semifinals. He faced top seed and World No. 9 Mardy Fish in the finals; after double-faulting to hand Fish the first set, he rallied to win the championship match in a close three setter.<mask> received a wildcard entry into the 2011 Rogers Cup. He defeated former World No. 1 Juan Carlos Ferrero in three sets in the first round, and proceeded to defeat Michaël Llodra in the second round after Llodra retired, trailing in the second set. In the third round, he fell to eventual finalist Mardy Fish, whom he had recently defeated, in another tight three-setter. He then qualified for the 2011 Cincinnati Masters, where he lost to Croatian Ivan Dodig in two sets. <mask> reached the second round of the US Open, but lost to Gilles Müller in the third round. He was later fined for improper coaching by the USTA.<mask> played five more tournaments that year – all hard court – but had four first-round exits and one second-round exit. 2012: Lack of consistency and form

<mask> began the year with three first-round losses at Doha, Melbourne and Memphis, but in between won two singles rubbers for the Latvian Davis Cup match against Egypt. He also represented Latvia against Hungary, winning one of his two singles rubbers. Prior to that, <mask> reached the quarterfinals at Delray Beach, defeating Alejandro Falla and Steve Darcis before going down to Marinko Matosevic. <mask>' only wins during the clay court season were first round wins at Munich and a challenger event, losing in five sets to Mikhail Kukushkin at the French Open. During this time, <mask> was transitioning to a new coach, Gunter Bresnik, the former Austrian Davis Cup Captain who had previously worked with Becker and Leconte. Guilbis reached the second round at Wimbledon by dispatching World No.7 and sixth seed Tomáš Berdych in three tiebreak sets. He lost in the second round in 5 sets to rising star Jerzy Janowicz. <mask> lost to Fernando Verdasco in a topsy-turvy match in the second round of the Croatia Open. <mask> then reached the quarterfinals in Gstaad, losing to Paul-Henri Mathieu. He qualified for Winston-Salem, reaching the third round, before falling to Marcel Granollers. <mask> won the first round of the US Open over Tommy Haas, but crashed out in next round against the American Qualifier Steve Johnson. He finished the year by playing some Challenger tournaments.He took a break due to a leg injury. He came back for the Vienna indoor tournament, where he fell in the second round to Janko Tipsarević. <mask> didn't manage to qualify for Basel, but reached the final of the Challenger in Eckental, where he lost to Daniel Brands. Later on he had to skip the last two Challengers of the year due illness. He decided to take a longer off-season in order to prepare best for next season. 2013: Third and Fourth ATP titles

<mask> skipped the Australian Open to have a longer off-season and played two Challenger tournaments, where he went out in the second and first rounds. In Rotterdam, he qualified for the maindraw.It was his first ATP tournament of the year, he defeated Robin Haase in the first round, but lost to Juan Martín del Potro in the second, after a first-set tiebreak. For the ATP tournament Marseille, he received a wildcard. After a win against Nieminen, he lost a tight match against Tomáš Berdych. He went to Florida to qualify for the Delray Beach ATP tournament. After winning seven matches to reach the final, including wins against Sam Querrey and Tommy Haas, <mask> won his third career ATP title by defeating Édouard Roger-Vasselin in straight sets to claim his first title since 2011. <mask> continued his excellent start to 2013 with a great run at the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells. After winning his two qualifying rounds, he beat Spaniard Feliciano López in straight sets, crushed ninth seed Janko Tipsarević for the loss of only two games, and then defeated 20th seed Andreas Seppi from a set down to set up a fourth round meeting with the returning Rafael Nadal.<mask> lost in a tight three setter after taking the first set 6–4, ending his win streak at 13 matches. At the French Open <mask> lost in the second round to Gaël Monfils despite taking the first set. At Wimbledon, he defeated Édouard Roger-Vasselin and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, but was beaten by Fernando Verdasco in the third round. <mask> defeated Feliciano López, Fabio Fognini, and Andy Murray to make the quarterfinals of the Rogers Cup, losing to finalist Milos Raonic in three sets. He lost in the first round in Cincinnati and at the US Open to Mikhail Youzhny and Andreas Haider-Maurer, respectively. <mask> won his fourth career ATP tournament in the St. Petersburg Open, defeating Guillermo García-López in the final. He came back from being down a set and 1–4 to reel off 11 straight games to take the match.It was the first time <mask> had won more than one ATP title in a single season. As a result, <mask> rose to No. 27 in the ATP World Tour rankings, improving this season's positive overall match record to 34–15. <mask> was absent from the 2013 China Open and the 2013 Shanghai Rolex Masters due to illness. He made his next appearance at the 2013 If Stockholm Open where <mask> made it to the semi-final stage, losing to David Ferrer in three sets. During the tournament, <mask> defeated Jérémy Chardy, Igor Sijsling and Jerzy Janowicz. <mask> finished his season with two first round defeats by John Isner and Fernando Verdasco at the 2013 Valencia Open 500 and the 2013 BNP Paribas Masters respectively.2014 Best season: Fifth and

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