texts:
<mask> (born March 1, 1953) is a comic book letterer, primarily known for his work on Uncanny X-Men. Over the course of Orzechowski's career, he has lettered something on the order of 6,000 pages of (long-time X-Men writer) Chris Claremont's scripts. Career

Early work
In 1968, when Orzechowski was 15, he met a group of aspiring comic book artists at the Detroit Triple Fan Fair comic convention in Detroit, and joined their comics club. Some older members of the club included future comics professionals Rich Buckler, Jim Starlin, Al Milgrom, and Mike Vosburg. An aspiring comic book artist, Orzechowski quit drawing when he saw their work. None of the club members wanted to letter their own amateur comics, however, so Orzechowski took on those jobs. Tony Isabella, who knew Orzechowski from the comics club, joined Marvel Comics in 1972, and soon got Orzechowski his first professional work, lettering retouches on the Marvel UK editions of classic Fantastic Four, Thor, Hulk, The Amazing Spider-Man, and Daredevil stories.Within a few months, Orzechowski had worked his way up to lettering for some of Marvel's black-and-white monster magazines. One of his first jobs of that kind was for Monsters Unleashed, on one of the first Marvel stories written by future X-Men scribe Chris Claremont. Orzechowski's connections from the comics club days paid off again when Rich Buckler pulled him over to letter Black Panther (Jungle Action), and Jim Starlin did the same for Starlin's run on Captain Marvel. Having moved to California by this time, Orzechowski lettered a number of underground comix titles in the mid-to-late 1970s. X-Men

By the time of the debut of the New X-Men in X-Men #94, Orzechowski had developed a reputation as a "new projects guy," and was given the odd issue, and then with issue #122 (June 1979) finally the title. After a number of years on X-Men over Chris Claremont's scripts, the two men paired together on many future X-Men-related projects. (Orzechowski also designed the logos for The New Mutants and Wolverine comics, among others.)When all was said and done, counting X-Men, many of its annuals, The New Mutants, Wolverine, X-Treme X-Men, and MekaniX, Orzechowksi lettered something on the order of 6,000 pages of Claremont's scripts over a 25-year period. Post-X-Men
Orzechowski left the X-Men books shortly after Chris Claremont, in 1993. He joined the team putting out Image Comics' Spawn 1992, where his title was copy editor for most of the first six years. Orzechowski worked for the manga packaging outfit Studio Proteus from 1989 until their demise in 2004. Studio Proteus titles on which Orzechowski worked included Nausicaä, Appleseed, Dominion, and Ghost in the Shell. In the early 2000s, with many publishers beginning to use "in-house" lettering teams, freelancers like Orzechowski lost a lot of work. Though Orzechowski still does the occasional job for DC Comics and a manga company called Studio Cutie, he did not letter comic books regularly until 2009, when he started doing the lettering for Chris Claremont's X-Men Forever books, and in 2010 for the New Mutants Forever book, also written by Claremont.Recently, <mask> has been working on a comic book anthology called YEET Presents. Lettering style and influences
<mask>'s letters are almost perfectly square, with the exception of the letter "I." Everything has a solid, uniform look to it. Letters stand straight up and down, not at a tilt. They are all painstakingly the same height. Similarly, <mask>'s standard word balloon outlines are meticulously uniform. He also helped popularize non-standard (non-bubble-shaped) designs for word balloons, to reflect different character voices (square for robots, jagged/dripping for demons, etc.).In the mid-1970s, while Marvel’s production boss and cover letterer Dan Crespi was developing a tight, attractive house style, Orzechowski was 3,000 miles away in California, "buried in design books." Orzechowski figured that "since the X-Men didn’t overlap the rest of the Marvel Universe," there was no reason not to be influenced by calligraphy, record jackets, old movie posters — everything except comics. Early influences on <mask>'s distinctive style included the work of Alphonse Mucha, and the comics lettering of Artie Simek and Abe Kanegson. Orzechowski modeled his lettering on the Flash Gordon newspaper strips of the 1930s. Another influence was Robert Crumb's Zap Comix: Orzechowski recognized that Crumb’s title work was clearly derived from the brush techniques of that same era, the 1920s and '30s. Orzechowski studied everything of Crumb's (as well as the late 1960s DCs and Marvels), and developed a lettering style based on all of those influences. Computer lettering
In 1992, Orzechowski was among the first letterers to experiment with computer fonts.Working on Studio Proteus's Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind, Orzechowski found the sound-effect work to be so demanding that computer lettering seemed like a way to save time on the extensive dialogue. His font program, however, was primitive, and he ended up doing that series entirely by hand after all. By 1994, however, Orzechowksi was lettering mainly on the computer, and in 2002 he switched completely to digital lettering, using a Wacom pen on a graphics tablet, in Adobe Illustrator. He explained in a 2003 interview on Comicon.com's The Pulse that "even then [2002] I was losing the knack, as the majority of my work had been digital for a couple of years. The fine motor control slips if the muscles aren’t in continual use." Personal life
Orzechowski is not related to comics artist/designer <mask>. Orzechowski lives in Lakewood, Ohio, where he operates a typography and logo design studio.His wife is L. Lois Buhalis, herself a letterer in the comics industry for two decades. Quotes

On his favorite lettering projects:

On the toughest parts of hand lettering to master:

On comic book logo design:

References

External links
 <mask>'s Facebook Homepage

Interviews
 The Silver Age Sage

Harvey Award winners
American comics creators
American people of Polish descent
Living people
1953 births
Comic book letterers

masks:
Tom Orzechowski
Orzechowski
Orzechowski
Orzechowski
Orzechowski
Bob Orzechowski
Orzechowski


type: original

texts:
<mask>, 1st <mask> of Fleet, GBE (5 June 1894 – 4 August 1976) was a British newspaper proprietor who became one of the moguls of Fleet Street in London. He first came to prominence when he was selling radios in Ontario, and to give his customers more programmes to listen to, decided to launch his own radio station. He then moved into newspapers, becoming as wealthy and important in Canada as the press barons in the United Kingdom. He aspired to such a peerage but was denied it unless he moved residence to the UK. He invited British newspaper owners to sell to him, the first doing so being The Scotsman and he soon formed a commercial television company which gained the first ITV franchise in Scotland, the Scottish Television, today known as STV, which is also nowadays the last ITV franchise not to be owned by ITV plc. From the substantial profits of commercial television he bought many titles such as The Times and Kemsley's Newspapers which published The Sunday Times; both of these examples are nowadays owned by News UK, a division of News Corp. Early life
<mask> was born on 5 June 1894 as <mask> in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.His father was <mask>, a telegraphist turned barber who worked at Toronto's Grosvenor Hotel (at the corner of Yonge and Alexander streets – now the site of the Courtyard Marriott), and English-born Alice Maud. The family lived at 32 Monteith Street, off Church Street in Toronto. <mask>'s paternal grandparents were <mask> and Mary Nichol Sylvester. Hugh was one of ten children of <mask>, son of <mask> (born May 1749). <mask>'s ancestors were small tenant farmers on the estates of the Dukes of Buccleuch at Bo'ness, in the parish of Westerkirk, Dumfriesshire, Scotland. <mask> emigrated from Westerkirk to Canada (then British North America) in 1773, and married Elizabeth McKay of Quebec. The family eventually settled in Upper Canada, but retained a sentimental attachment to their country of origin.Archibald's brother <mask> was the first European settler of Scarborough, Ontario. Career
During World War I, <mask> attended a business college, and owing to bad eyesight he was rejected by the army. He went to Manitoba after the war to become a farmer, but was unsuccessful. <mask> returned to Toronto, where he held several jobs at different times, one of which was selling radio receivers. However, he found selling radios difficult because the only district left for him to work in was Northern Ontario. In order to give his potential customers something to listen to, he undertook to establish a radio station. By quite a stroke of luck, he was able to procure a radio frequency and transmitter for $201.CFCH officially went on the air in North Bay, Ontario, on 3 March 1931. He sold radio receivers for quite some time after that, but his focus gradually shifted to the radio station. <mask> purchased the Timmins Daily Press in Timmins, Ontario, his first newspaper, with a down payment of $200 in 1934 (an equivalent of $3,816 in 2021). He began an expansion of radio stations and newspapers in various Ontario locations in partnership with fellow Canadian Jack Kent Cooke. In addition to his media acquisitions, by 1949 <mask> was the owner of a diverse group of companies, including several ladies' hairstyling businesses, a fitted kitchen manufacturer, and an ice-cream cone manufacturing operation. By the early 1950s, he owned 19 newspapers and was president of the Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association, and then began his first foray into the British newspaper business by starting up the Canadian Weekly Review to cater to expatriate Canadians living in Britain. He aspired to a peerage, similar to the press barons of the UK, and moved across the Atlantic, settling in Edinburgh.In 1952, <mask> bought The Scotsman newspaper in Edinburgh from its impecunious owners. In 1957, <mask> launched a successful bid for the commercial television franchise for Central Scotland, named Scottish Television, basing it in the Theatre Royal, Glasgow. It became highly profitable, with <mask> describing it as a "permit to print money" (often misquoted as a "licence to print money"). In 1959, <mask> purchased the Kemsley group of newspapers, the largest in Britain, which included The Sunday Times. Over the years, <mask> expanded his media empire to include more than 200 newspapers in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. His Thomson Organization became a multinational corporation, with interests in publishing, printing, television, and travel. In 1966, <mask> bought The Times newspaper from members of the Astor family.In the 1970s, <mask> joined with J. Paul Getty in a consortium that successfully explored for oil in the North Sea. A modest man, who had little time for pretentious displays of wealth, in Britain he got by virtually unnoticed, riding the London Underground to his office each day. Nonetheless, he made his son Kenneth promise to use the hereditary title that he had received in 1964, if only in the London offices of the firm. Personal life
On 29 July 1916, <mask> married Edna Annis Irvine (1895-1951) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Edna A. Irvine was the daughter of John Irvine and Rebecca Caldwell. <mask> had three children: <mask> <mask> (1923–2006), Irma <mask> (b. 20 October 1918) and Phyllis Audrey <mask> (b.6 July 1917). On 22 February 1951, <mask>'s wife Edna died in Fort Lauderdale, Florida. In 1952, <mask> moved to Edinburgh. As of 1964 and 1965, <mask> owned a residence near Port Credit, on Mississauga Road. In 1976, <mask> died in London, England. A plaque was placed in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral. After <mask>'s death in 1976, his son Kenneth became chair of Thomson Corporation and inherited the baronial title becoming the 2nd Baron <mask> of Fleet.With the Thomson operations now principally again in Canada, the younger <mask> did not use his title in Canada though he did so in Britain, and used two sets of stationery reflecting this dichotomy. In any case, as the peerage title he had was inherited, it did not debar him from retaining his Canadian citizenship, and he never took up his right to a seat in the pre-1999 House of Lords. Legacy
<mask> Hall, one of Toronto's main concert halls, is named in his honour as the <mask> family donated $5.4 million to its construction. <mask> Student Centre at Memorial University of Newfoundland was named in his honour. It opened 25 May 1968, by the Right Honourable <mask> of Fleet, chancellor of Memorial University of Newfoundland from 1961 to 1968. Descendants
<mask>'s family continues to use the Baron of Fleet title. A select family tree is shown below:

Honours
In the 1964 New Year Honours, it was announced that <mask> would be elevated to the peerage as a Baron "for public services".On 10 March 1964 he was made <mask> of Fleet, of Northbridge in the City of Edinburgh. In order to receive this title, it was necessary for <mask> to acquire British citizenship, as the Canadian government had made it common practice since 1919 to disallow the conference of titular honours from the sovereign on Canadians. However, the Canadian Citizenship Act between 1947 and 1977 stated that any Canadian who became a citizen of another country through means other than marriage would cease to be a Canadian citizen. Thus, <mask> lost his Canadian citizenship in the process. He was appointed Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire (GBE) in the 1970 New Year Honours. In 1972, he received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement. Arms

See also
 Canadian peers and baronets
 Cash for Honours
 Thomson Corporation

References

Further reading
 Braddon, Russell.<mask> of Fleet Street (London: Collins, 1965)
 Goldenberg, Susan. The Thomson Empire (Kampmann & Co, 1984)

External links
 The men who made The Scotsman: Part two
 Lord <mask> of Fleet
 Canadian Communications Foundation
 Never a Backward Step, a 1966 National Film Board of Canada documentary on Thompson (requires Adobe Flash)

1894 births
1976 deaths
<mask> of Fleet, <mask>, 1st Baron
Businesspeople in tourism
Canadian newspaper chain founders
Canadian mass media company founders
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Canadian university and college chancellors
Canadian peers
Canadian socialites
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Candidates in the 1953 Canadian federal election
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
People from Old Toronto
<mask> family
Peers created by Elizabeth II

masks:
Roy Herbert Thomson
Baron Thomson
Thomson
Roy Herbert Thomson
Herbert Thomson
Thomson
Hugh Thomson
George Thomson
Archibald Thomson
Thomson
Archibald Thomson
David Thomson
Roy Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Kenneth Roy
Thomson
Jacqueline Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Roy Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Lord Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Baron Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Roy Thomson
Thomson
Thomson
Roy Thomson
Roy Gardiner


texts:
<mask> (April 5, 1865 – July 16, 1931) was an American law enforcement officer, private detective and writer. He was considered one of the leading detectives in the United States, first for the Pinkerton Detective Agency and then as a private investigator. Dougherty was responsible for the capture of many notorious criminals during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He also introduced the modern-day fingerprinting to the police force. While serving as Second Deputy Police Commissioner and head of the NYPD Detectives Bureau, he is credited for his assistance in solving the 1912 murder of Herman Rosenthal which ultimately resulted in the conviction and execution of the Lenox Avenue Gang and NYPD police detective Lieutenant Charles Becker. Biography

Early life and career with the Pinkertons
Born to Charles A. <mask> and Ellen June in Cressona, Pennsylvania on April 5, 1865, <mask> worked as a printer before joining the Pinkerton Detective Agency in 1888. Dougherty soon established himself as one of the agency's top men and apprehended countless criminals during his twenty-three years with the Pinkertons.Dougherty eventually took charge of the Pinkerton's branch in New York City and held that position until accepting an offer from Mayor William Jay Gaynor to become Deputy Police Commissioner of the New York City Police Department on May 1, 1911. NYPD & the Rosenthal murder
His appointment was seen as an attempt to reorganize the NY Police Department. Succeeding William J. Flynn, Dougherty reported directly to Police Commissioner James C. Cropsey who would later become a Supreme Court Justice. He would have a stormy relationship during his two and a half years with the NYPD however. A strict disciplinarian, he exerted considerable control over his men and was responsible for "shaking up" the bureau on several occasions: he also led raids on a number of illegal gambling establishments, arresting the crime boss Giosue Gallucci, and, in one incident, used axes to force their way in. When Herman Rosenthal was gunned down in front of the Hotel Metropole on July 16, 1912, then District Attorney Charles S. Whitman accused the police department of making little effort to apprehend the gunmen. One of the few exceptions, according to Whitman, was the assistance given by Dougherty who had been personally cooperating with the District Attorney's office and was praised for his honesty.Prior to leaving the police force, Dougherty led a detective squad which apprehended over a hundred gangsters within a 24-hour period in the aftermath of a gunbattle in which city court clerk <mask> had been shot and killed. Later years
In 1913, Dougherty left the NYPD to become a partner in Dougherty's Detective Bureau and Mercantile Police founded by his brother Harry V<mask> around the turn of the 20th century. He began writing books and articles on crime and, in 1914, appeared in two silent films, Our Mutual Girl and The Line-Up at Police Headquarters. In 1921, Dougherty became wealthy when oil was found on land he owned in Arizona. He spent the next several years traveling abroad. He spent some time with Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of <mask>. He also executed a commission to sell an art collection valued at $1 million.In 1923, he returned to the police force in a somewhat limited capacity when he agreed to become an instructor at Police Commissioner Richard Edward Enright's school for detectives. Much of his time at the school was concentrated on the study of foreign police systems. In his later years, he advocated the deportation of immigrants convicted of a criminal offense, the elimination of the revolver through federal legislation, a bounty payment to killers of hold-up men and the restoration of the whipping post as punishment for first-time offenders. Death
Dougherty died of cancer at his 165th Street residence in Flushing, Queens, on the evening of July 16, 1931. His funeral was held at his home two days later and then buried at Cypress Hills Cemetery. Throughout Europe he was recognized as one of the leading American detectives. Bibliography

Books

A Word About Criminals (1916)
In Europe (1922)
The Criminal As A Human Being (1924)

Articles
"The Public The Criminal's Partner" New Outlook.(August 1913)
"The Capture of the Missouri Kid" The Detective Magazine. (July 1923)
"The Criminal as a Human Being" Saturday Evening Post. (March 1924)
"The Gentle arts of Shadowing and Roping" Saturday Evening Post. (March 1924)
"The Third Degree" Saturday Evening Post. (May 1924)
"The Stick-Up and House Prowler" Saturday Evening Post. (June 1924)
"Combination Lock" Triple-X. (June 1924)
"The Stage Management of Crime" Saturday Evening Post.(July 1924)
"Meet the Real City Detective" Saturday Evening Post. (September 1924)
"The Innocent Guilty" Fawcett's Magazine. (September 1925)
"Secrets of the Night Club Racketeers" The Master Detective. (June 1931)
"Recovering the $1,000,000 Art Masterpiece" True Detective Mysteries. (June 1931)

References

Further reading
Cohen, <mask>. The Execution of Officer Becker; The Murder of a Gambler, the Trial of a Cop, and the Birth of Organized Crime. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2006.Dilnot, <mask>. Triumphs of Detection: A Book about Detectives. New York: Geoffrey Bles, 1929. Hickey, John J. Our Police Guardians: History of the Police Department of the City of New York, and the Policing of Same for the Past One Hundred Years. New York: John J. Hickey, 1925. Horan, James D. The Pinkertons: The Detective Dynasty that Made History.New York: Crown Publishers, 1968. Lardner, James and Thomas Reppetto. NYPD: A City and Its Police. New York: Macmillan, 2001. Oursler, Fulton. Behold this Dreamer: An Autobiography. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1964.Parsons, Philip Archibald. Crime and the Criminal: Introduction to Criminology. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1926. Root, Jonathan. One Night in July: The True Story of the Rosenthal-Becker Murder Case. New York: Coward-McCann, 1961. External links

A Confession for Science: Proceedings of the International Association of Chiefs of Police, 1911 by <mask><mask>
Doughtery, <mask>., "Trapping the Lenox Burglars," Startling Detective Adventures,(March 1930) pp.67ff. 1865 births
1931 deaths
Detectives and criminal investigators
Pinkerton (detective agency)
New York City Police Department officers
People from Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania
American non-fiction writers
Deputy New York City Police Commissioners

masks:
George Samuel Dougherty
Dougherty
George Dougherty
Frederick Strauss
. Dougherty
Sherlock Holmes
Stanley
George
George S
. Dougherty
George S


texts:
<mask> (25 March 1860 – 24 August 1919) was a German liberal politician and Protestant parish pastor. In 1896, he founded the National-Social Association that sought to combine liberalism, nationalism and (non-Marxist) socialism with Protestant Christian values, proposing social reform to prevent class struggle. He led the party until its merger into the Free-minded Union in 1903. From 1907 to 1912 and again from 1913 to 1918, he was a member of the Reichstag of the German Empire. Naumann advocated an imperialist foreign policy, laying out Germany's claim to dominate Central Europe in his 1915 Mitteleuropa plan. After the First World War, he co-founded the German Democratic Party and was elected to the Weimar National Assembly. Naumann is also somewhat controversial for his anti-Armenian statements.The Friedrich Naumann Foundation of the Free Democratic Party is named after him. Life
Naumann was born in the parsonage of Großpösna near Leipzig in Saxony, being the son of the local Lutheran pastor. He attended school in Leipzig and the Fürstenschule in Meissen, whereafter he studied Protestant theology at the universities of Leipzig and Erlangen. In 1881 he was one of the founders of the nationalist student fraternity Verein Deutscher Studenten in Leipzig. From 1883 he worked at the Rauhes Haus charity institution established by Johann Hinrich Wichern in Hamburg, before in 1886 he took over the rectorate of Lengenberg near Glauchau in Saxony. From 1890 he also served in the Inner mission in Frankfurt. During the 1880s, Naumann was a follower of the conservative-clerical and antisemitic Berlin movement led by Adolf Stoecker and his Christian Social Party.At the 1890 Evangelical Social Congress however, he became a spokesman of the liberal wing, distancing himself from Stoecker's conservatism and antisemitism. Later he became interested in the social theories advocated by his friend Max Weber, one of the most pronounced critics of Emperor Wilhelm II. His ideal was that of helping the workers, whose miserable life circumstances he had witnessed in Hamburg. His goal was to raise interest in this issue among the middle class, however, initially he was hindered by the German middle class fear of the proletariat, who were regarded as potential revolutionaries. Naumann later tried to involve Weber in politics, but this failed due to the bad health and temper of Weber. Starting from 1894 he published the weekly magazine Die Hilfe ("The Help") to address the social question from a non-marxist middle class point of view. To this end he wrote the short book, Soziale Briefe An Reiche Leute ("Social Letters to Wealthy People") published in Göttingen in 1895.Together with Rudolph Sohm and Caspar René Gregory, he founded the National-Social Association in 1896; an attempt to provide a social liberal, social Christian and nationalist alternative to the Social Democrats, who opposed nationalism and believed religion was a private matter. The Association tried to address the growing social rift between rich industrialists and the poor working class with social reforms rather than class struggle. In the same year, Naumann gave up his pastoral office, concentrating on his political and writing activities from then on. In his 1897 "National-Social Catechism" (structured in rhetorical questions and answers, following the model of Luther's Small Catechism) he explained the National-Social Association's fundamental conviction that "the national and the social (interest) belong together". By national(ism) he understood "the drive of the German people to expand its influence on the globe"; while he defined social(ism) as "the drive of the working masses to extend their influence within the people". During the 1890s Hamidian massacres, Naumann became known for expressing anti-Armenianism in Die Hilfe including the famous "potter's quote" in which Naumann – without complete consent – quoted a German potter, whom he met during his journey to the Near East in Constantinople, as stating:

Historian Stefan Ihrig states that "Naumann had exposed a very broad audience to justifications for killing Armenians and had made Germany’s ears deaf to the Armenian plight as well as anti- Armenianism 'morally' and politically more acceptable". But with regard to the Armenian genocide in 1915 Die Hilfe – still edited and led by <mask>n – wrote: Later in his life, Naumann worked for an approachment of German social democratic and liberal movements, but faced major opposition from conservatives.Industrialists like Freiherr von Stumm called Naumann and his associates "Allies of the Socialists". Naumann wanted to preserve Christian values, which he hoped would improve the fraught relations between workers and corporate businessmen. The National-Social Association failed in the German elections of 1898 and 1903 and was then dissolved into the Freeminded Union. Naumann became a member of the Reichstag parliament upon the 1907 federal election. In 1907, he co-founded the Deutscher Werkbund association. On the eve of World War I, Naumann proved to be a monarchist, but his sympathy for  of the German emperor Wilhelm II had vanished since the well-known Daily Telegraph Affair of 1908. He espoused a kind of liberal imperialism, signing the 1914 Manifesto of the Ninety-Three, and still in 1918 backed the "Anti-Bolshevist League" of Eduard Stadtler.On the other side Naumann supported the Peace Resolution, with which the Reichstag offered peace negotiations without annexiations in 1917. In 1919, <mask> was among the founders of the social liberal German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP) with Theodor Wolff and Hugo Preuss. As a member of the Weimar National Assembly, he became one of the "Fathers of the Constitution" of the Weimar Republic, and, shortly before his death, was elected as the first president of the Democratic Party. Reception
Naumann is often considered an advocate of German nationalism with militarist and annexionist ideals, due to his book Mitteleuropa (1915) on the geopolitics of a Central Europe under German leadership. The work had a great public impact, though it did not affect the military strategy of World War I. Like many scholars of his time, Naumann upheld the theories of Social Darwinism and Volksgemeinschaft. He shared his views with the intellectual circles he frequented, including not only Max Weber, but also Lujo Brentano, Hellmut von Gerlach, young Theodor Heuss, his wife Elly Heuss-Knapp, and Gustav Stresemann.For Jürgen Frölich, historian at the Archive of Liberalism, Naumann is "a key figure in German liberalism in the late Kaiserreich", who saw his political goals mainly realized, when just before the end of war the Constitution of the German Empire adopted an amendment, which turned the state into a short living parliamentary democratic monarchy. According to the historian Götz Aly, Naumann "distorted liberalism beyond recognition and completed the turn to nationalist power and popular welfare politics". While Naumann was not a forerunner of the Nazis' antisemitism, Aly accuses him of having "combined social, imperial, and national thought into a cohesive intellectual current that could eventually blend with the NSDAP's mindset". See also
 Liberalism
 List of liberal theorists

Further reading
Jürgen Frölich (2015). "Naumann, <mask>." In: 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War, ed.by Ute Daniel, Peter Gatrell, Oliver Janz, Heather Jones, Jennifer Keene, Alan Kramer, and Bill Nasson, issued by Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 2015-06-02. DOI: 10.15463/ie1418.10652. Alastair P. Thompson (2000). Left liberals, the state, and popular politics in Wilhelmine Germany, Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. External links

References

1860 births
1919 deaths
People from Leipzig (district)
People from the Kingdom of Saxony
German Lutheran clergy
National-Social Association politicians
Free-minded Union politicians
Progressive People's Party (Germany) politicians
German Democratic Party politicians
German radicals
Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the Weimar National Assembly
Geopoliticians
Political party founders

masks:
Friedrich Naumann
Friedrich Nauman
Friedrich Naumann
Friedrich


texts:
<mask> (born 29 August 1988) is a Polish volleyball player, member of the Poland men's national volleyball team, participant at the Olympic Games (London 2012, Rio 2016), 2018 World Champion, 2009 European Champion, 2012 World League winner, three–time Polish Champion (2009, 2010, 2011), Italian Champion (2014). In 2019, he became the first ever volleyball player to be voted the Polish Sports Personality of the Year. Career

Clubs
<mask> began his career in a team from Nysa (2004–2005), where he played alongside his father. He spent the next 3 years playing for a PlusLiga club, ZAKSA Kędzierzyn-Koźle (2005–2008). In 2008, he moved to PGE Skra Bełchatów, one of the most successful teams in PlusLiga, where he quickly became a key player. With Skra, he won the Polish Championship three times: in 2009, 2010 and 2011. On the international stage, he won two Club World Championship silver medals, in 2009 and 2010, and a bronze medal of the CEV Champions League in 2010.On 18 March 2012, they won a silver medal of the CEV Champions League after losing to Zenit Kazan in the final held in Łódź, Poland. <mask> received an individual award for the Best Spiker of the tournament. After the 2011–12 PlusLiga season, <mask> left PGE Skra Bełchatów, and signed a contract with the Russian team, Dynamo Moscow, however, due to injury, he was unable to play for his new team for a large part of the season. After one season in Russia, <mask> moved to Italian club Lube Banca Macerata. In 2014, they won the Italian Championship, beating Sir Safety Perugia in the final. On 15 October 2014, Lube, including <mask>, won the Italian Super Cup, beating Copra Elior Piacenza (3–2). On 4 May 2015, <mask> signed a contract with Asseco Resovia.After winning a silver medal of the Polish Championship in 2016, he left Resovia and signed a contract with Japanese club JT Thunders. On 2 October 2016, he announced suspending his sports career due to physical and mental fatigue. At the same time, he terminated the contract with JT Thunders. In September, he moved back to his former club – PGE Skra Bełchatów. In 2018, <mask> joined Polish club Stocznia Szczecin. On 29 November 2018, due to club's financial problems, <mask> terminated his contract with Stocznia. On 6 December 2018, he joined ONICO Warszawa after leaving Stocznia Szczecin a few days earlier.National team
<mask> was a part of the Polish national volleyball team which won a gold medal at the 2009 European Championship held in Turkey. On 14 September 2009, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of Polonia Restituta. The Order was conferred on the following day by the Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk. On 10 July 2011, <mask>, alongside his national team, won the Poland's first medal of the World League. They won a bronze medal after defeating Argentina. <mask> received an individual award for the Best Scorer of the final tournament. In the same year, Poland took part in the European Championship, where they were the defending champions.<mask> was his team's key player throughout the whole tournament in which the Polish national team won a second medal in 2011 after winning the match for third place against Russia. At the same tournament, <mask> was awarded with his second individual award in 2011, for the Best Server of the tournament. In November 2011, despite a back injury, <mask> went to Japan to participate at the World Cup, and helped his team win a silver medal and therefore qualify for the Olympic Games. On 8 July 2012, the Polish team won a gold medal of the World League. <mask> received an award for the Most Valuable Player. <mask> was one of the key players of the Polish team at the Olympic Games (London 2012), but  nonetheless Poland lost in the quarterfinal to Russia, and was eliminated from the tournament. In 2014, he was a member of the Polish national team during the 2015 European Championship qualification.He was not included in the Polish national team for the World Championship held in Poland. After a one year break, he came back to the national team on 28 May 2015 during the first match of intercontinental round of the World League against Russia (3–0). He was a top scorer of the match (15 points). On 30 September 2018, Poland achieved its third title of the World Champion. Poland beat Brazil in the final (3–0), and defended the title from 2014. <mask> received an individual award for the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. Personal life
<mask> <mask> was born in Wałbrzych, but raised in Nysa, Poland.His father, <mask>, was also a volleyball player. <mask> played basketball in his early youth, but later decided to choose volleyball. He has a younger brother – Jakub. <mask> is married to Anna Grejman.

masks:
Bartosz Kamil Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Kurek
Bartosz
Kurek
Adam Kurek
Kurek
Kurek


texts:
Dorothy "<mask><mask> ( Langan; October 22, 1925 – February 14, 2012) was an American lyricist, singer-songwriter and poet. During the late 1950s and 1960s, <mask> was a lyricist on songs intended for motion pictures and, with her then husband, <mask>, received several Academy Award nominations. In the 1970s, after their divorce, she released six albums of original songs and an acclaimed live album. <mask>'s lyrics from this period are characterized by their originality, irony and honesty in dealing with her troubled personal life as well as more generally about relationships, sexuality, religion and psychology. Until her death, she continued to work as a writer of song lyrics and prose. Biography

Early years
Previn was born in either Rahway or Woodbridge, New Jersey, and grew up in Woodbridge, the eldest daughter in a strict Catholic family of Irish origin. She had a troubled relationship with her father, especially during childhood.He had served in the First World War and been gassed, and experienced periods of depression and violent mood swings. He tended to alternately embrace and reject her, but supported her when she began to show talent for singing and dancing. His mental health deteriorated after the birth of a second daughter, culminating in a paranoid episode in which he boarded the family up in their home and held them at gunpoint for several months. <mask>'s childhood experiences, described in her autobiography Midnight Baby, had a profound effect on her later life and work. After high school, Previn attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts for a year before financial difficulties forced her to leave. She toured as a chorus-line dancer and singer and started to write songs. She later wrote, "I have been an actress, model, and chorus girl.I've worked at odd jobs—secretary, salesgirl, accounting in a filling station, waitress—anything to keep me going while I pursued my writing." At that time, she entered a brief first marriage that soon ended in divorce. Lyricist and marriage: 1958–1969
Through a chance contact with film producer Arthur Freed, she gained a job as a lyricist at MGM. There she met, and began collaborating with, composer <mask>. In 1958, as <mask> Langdon, she recorded an album of her songs, The Leprechauns Are Upon Me, with <mask> and jazz guitarist Kenny Burrell accompanying her, for Verve Records. She married <mask> in 1959. The couple collaborated on a number of songs used in motion pictures, including "The Faraway Part Of Town", sung by Judy Garland in the film Pepe, which was nominated for an Oscar for Best Song in 1960.In 1961 they wrote "One, Two, Three Waltz" for the movie One, Two, Three, and in 1962 "A Second Chance" for the movie Two for the Seesaw, which won them a second Oscar nomination. They also wrote songs recorded by Rosemary Clooney, Chris Connor, Vic Damone, Bobby Darin, Sammy Davis Jr., Doris Day, Eileen Farrell, Jack Jones, Marilyn Maye, Carmen McRae, Matt Monro, Leontyne Price, Nancy Wilson, and Monica Zetterlund. In 1964, they collaborated with Harold Arlen on "So Long, Big Time! ", which was recorded by Tony Bennett. Later in 1966, the song was covered by Carola, accompanied by the Heikki Sarmanto Trio. During this period, <mask> <mask> wrote lyrics with other film composers for the movies Tall Story, Goodbye Again and Harper. By the mid-1960s, <mask> had become a classical music conductor, touring worldwide, but <mask>'s fear of air travel kept her from joining him.In 1965 she suffered a psychiatric breakdown for which she was briefly hospitalized, but continued to write songs with André, including "You're Gonna Hear from Me", recorded by Frank Sinatra, and began to use the name <mask> <mask> professionally. In 1967, they wrote five songs for the movie Valley of the Dolls. The soundtrack album spent six months on the charts, and Dionne Warwick had a pop hit with her version of the theme song. In 1968, she wrote a new English language libretto for Mozart's The Impresario. The next year, she won a third Oscar nomination for "Come Saturday Morning", with music by Fred Karlin, from the movie The Sterile Cuckoo. A hit version was recorded by The Sandpipers. In 1968 <mask> had fully moved from composing film scores to conducting symphony orchestras, most notably the London Symphony Orchestra.While in London he began an affair with 23-year-old actress Mia Farrow, who was working on the film A Dandy in Aspic. In 1969 <mask> <mask> discovered that Farrow had become pregnant by her husband, which led to their separation. Their divorce became final in July 1970. <mask> subsequently married Farrow. The betrayal led to <mask> being hospitalized again, where she was treated with electroconvulsive therapy. This seemed to change her outlook as a songwriter, making her more introspective. She expressed her feelings about Farrow and the end of her marriage in the song "Beware of Young Girls" on her 1970 album On My Way to Where.In a 1973 interview, <mask> said: "I'd been writing for films for several years, but nothing I could say in those theme songs had not been said better by many songwriters before me—and gloriously by poets. So what did I do? Did I want to go on and write more poetic lyrical metaphors on things already said? Or did I want to write about the one thing I can only presume to be an authority on: myself?" Singer-songwriter: 1970–1980
In 1970, <mask> signed as a solo artist with the Mediarts company founded by Alan Livingston and Nik Venet, and recorded her first album for 12 years, On My Way To Where. Much of it, which like several subsequent albums was produced by Venet, deals with her experiences in the late 1960s. "Mister Whisper" examines episodes of psychosis from within the confines of a psychiatric hospital, while "Beware of Young Girls" is a scathing attack on Mia Farrow and her motives for befriending the Previns.The track "With My Daddy in the Attic" is a chilling piece dealing with Stockholm syndrome and incest. The album's lyrics were published in book form in 1971. Her second album of this period, Mythical Kings and Iguanas, released in 1971, was even more successful. United Artists Records then took over Mediarts and released her third album, Reflections in a Mud Puddle. It was voted one of the best albums of 1972 by Newsweek magazine, and was included in The New York Times critics' choice as one of the outstanding singer-songwriter albums of the 1970s. "Taps, Tremors and Time-Steps: One Last Dance for my Father", the second side of Reflections In a Mud Puddle, is a personal account of the deterioration of their relationship and her anguish at their differences remaining unresolved at the time of her father's death. In 1972, she released Mary C. Brown and the Hollywood Sign, a thematic album about Hollywood misfits and Mary C. Brown, an actress who kills herself jumping from Hollywood's letter "H", apparently based on Peg Entwistle.The songs were intended for a musical revue that ran briefly in Los Angeles. <mask> teamed up with producer Zev Buffman to stage it on Broadway, but the previews were poor and the show was canceled before it opened. <mask>'s albums maintained a balance of intensely personal lyrics and wider commentary. "A Stone for Bessie Smith" is about the premature death of singer Janis Joplin, while "Doppelgänger" examines the latent savagery of humanity. Self-conscious spirituality at the expense of the tangible is criticized in "Mythical Kings and Iguanas", while songs dealing with emotionally frail characters include "Lady With the Braid", "Lemon-Haired Ladies", and "The Altruist and the Needy Case". Feminist issues and dilemmas are explored in "Brando" and "The Owl and the Pussycat", while the male ego is attacked with wit and irony in "Michael, Michael", "Don't Put Him Down", and "The Perfect Man". In 1973, <mask>'s screenplay Third Girl From The Left was filmed and broadcast as a TV movie.She also gave some public performances that year, including a concert in New York on April 18, 1973, that was recorded and released as a double LP, Live at Carnegie Hall, which featured in a book of the 200 best rock albums. She also continued to collaborate on music for film and TV. Her last film credit was the title song for Last Tango in Paris (1973), with music by Gato Barbieri. She then switched to Warner Bros. Records, and released the album <mask> Previn in 1974, followed by We're Children of Coincidence and Harpo Marx in 1976. Still unable to overcome her fear of flying, she crossed the ocean on the QE2 to tour in Europe in the late 1970s, and in 1980 performed in a musical revue of her songs, Children Of Coincidence, in Dublin. She withdrew from music for a period, and wrote two autobiographies, Midnight Baby: an Autobiography (1976, ) and Bogtrotter: An Autobiography with Lyrics (1980; ). The latter title refers to her Irish heritage: "bogtrotter" is a derogatory term for an Irish person.She wrote Schizo-phren, a one-woman play with songs. Later life
From the 1980s, she often used the name <mask> <mask> Shannon, Shannon being her mother's maiden name. In 1983 she wrote and appeared in a musical statement on nuclear war, August 6, 1945, in Los Angeles. Working for television, she won an Emmy Award in 1984 for "We'll Win this World" (from Two of a Kind) with Jim Pasquale, and an Emmy nomination in 1985 for "Home Here" (from Two Marriages) with Bruce Broughton. In 1984, she married actor and artist Joby Baker. She performed in London in 1986, and wrote a stage work, The Flight of the Gooney Bird. She last appeared in concert in 1988, in Dublin and at the Donmar Warehouse in London.Her short stories appeared in several publications, and she also worked on a novel, Word-Play with an Invisible Relative. She lectured on lyric writing, recording, and writing autobiographies at various American universities. Baker provided illustrations for The Dory Previn Songbook (1995), which contains songs from her period with United Artists. In 1997, she collaborated with <mask> again, to produce a piece for soprano and ensemble, The Magic Number. It was first performed by the New York Philharmonic, with <mask> conducting and Sylvia McNair performing the soprano part. A piano reduction was published by G. Schirmer, Inc (). In 2002 <mask> <mask> released a royalty-free recording available online, Planet Blue.It contains a mixture of recent and previously unreleased material dealing with environmental degradation and the threat of nuclear disaster. She continued to work despite having suffered several strokes that affected her eyesight. A new compilation of her early 1970s work, The Art of Dory Previn, was released by EMI on January 21, 2008. <mask> died, aged 86, on February 14, 2012, at her farm in Southfield, Massachusetts, where she lived with her husband, Joby Baker. In addition to her husband, she was survived by three stepchildren, Michelle Wayland, Fredricka Baker and Scott Zimmerman, and six step-grandchildren. Discography

Original albums
 The Leprechauns Are Upon Me (1958)—Verve, as <mask> Langdon. Reissued in 1983 as <mask> & Andre Previn
 On My Way to Where (1970)—Mediarts
 Mythical Kings and Iguanas (1971)—Mediarts
 Reflections in a Mud Puddle/Taps Tremors and Time Steps (1971)—United Artists
 Mary C. Brown and the Hollywood Sign (1972)—United Artists
 Live at Carnegie Hall (1973)—United Artists
 <mask> Previn (1974)—Warner Bros. Records
 We're Children of Coincidence and Harpo Marx (1976)—Warner Bros. Records
 Planet Blue—(2002) Download only

Compilation albums
 One A.M. Phonecalls (1977) United Artists
 In Search of Mythical Kings: The U.A.Years (1993) EMI
 The Art of <mask> Previn (2008) EMI
Previn's material from her period with United Artists has been reissued on CD under the Beat Goes On label. References

External links

Discography
"Love Song To The Monster": the work of <mask> Previn
 Poems and lyrics from On My Way To Where
 Song lyrics at TheLyricArchive.com
Richie Unterberger's  liner notes for reissue of We're Children of Coincidence and Harpo Marx

1925 births
2012 deaths
American lyricists
People from Rahway, New Jersey
People from Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
Warner Records artists
United Artists Records artists
Verve Records artists
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
Singer-songwriters from New Jersey
American people of Irish descent
Emmy Award winners
Catholics from New Jersey
Previn family

masks:
Dory
" Veronica Previn
Previn
André Previn
Previn
Previn
André Previn
Dory
André Previn
Previn
Dory
Previn
André Previn
Dory
Dory
Previn
André Previn
Dory
Previn
André Previn
Previn
Previn
Previn
Previn
Previn
Previn
Dory
Dory
Previn
André Previn
Previn
Dory
Previn
Death Previn
Dory
Dory
Dory
Dory
Dory


texts:
<mask> (18 December 1808 – 1 July 1851), also known as D. O<mask> and <mask>, was an Anglo-Indian held to be the first person of Asian descent to be elected to the British Parliament. He was elected to represent the Sudbury constituency in July 1841, but was removed in April 1842 due to bribery in the election. He was named after the British Resident at Delhi, <mask>. Lineage and background
<mask> was great-grandson of <mask> (c. 1725 – 1778), a mercenary soldier who lived for many years in India. <mask> had two wives, both of whom were Indian Muslim women; the senior wife is known only as Badi Bibi ("senior lady"), while the second wife was the famous Begum Samru (c. 1753–1836). The name "Samru" is the local corruption of the name "<mask>," and Begum, a Kashmiri Muslim by birth, converted in 1781 to the Catholic faith. A fabulously wealthy woman, she was left with no surviving children or grandchildren in her old age.Her husband had only one son by Badi Bibi his first wife; that young man, who died in 1799, had left behind a daughter named Juliana, who married a man named George Alexander <mask> and gave birth to several children, including <mask> Dyce. He was selected by Begum Samru, the second wife of his great-grandfather, to succeed to her vast estates. He thereupon added the surname "<mask>" to his existing names and came to be known as <mask> Dyce <mask>. The details are as follows. The mercenary soldier Walter Reinhardt <mask> (c. 1725–1778) had one son by his senior wife, Badi Bibi. The boy, born in 1764, was initially named Zafar Yab Khan and raised more or less as a Muslim by his mother in a mixed household. However, he accepted Catholic baptism in 1781 (aged 17), three years after the death of his Catholic father.Incidentally, his widowed step-mother, Begum Samru, also accepted Catholic baptism at the same time. Upon his baptism, the young man's name was changed to "Walter Balthazzar Reinhardt," or (according to a biography of his grandson) "Aloysius Balthazzar Reinhardt." He married Julia Anne (or Juliana) Le Fevre (1770–1815), daughter of a captain in Begum Samru's service. Julia Anna was also known as Juliana, as Madame Reybaud and as Bhai Begum. The couple had two children, a son, Aloysius Reinhardt, who died young and is buried in the Akbar Church in Agra, and a daughter, Julia Anne (or Juliana). Zafar Yab alias Walter/Aloysius Reinhardt died in 1799 of cholera, being survived by his wife Juliana (who died in 1815) and his daughter, also named Juliana. The younger Juliana was born in 1787 (or perhaps on 19 November 1789) and died in 1820.In 1803, aged 16 at most, she married a certain George Alexander <mask> (died April 1838, buried at Fort William, Calcutta). This George Alexander <mask> was the illegitimate half-caste (i.e. mixed-race, Anglo-Indian) son of a Major General <mask>. This couple had several children, of whom four are mentioned in subsequent papers and histories; they are:
 <mask> (b. 18 December 1808), the subject of this entry,
 George Archibald (b. 1 August 1810, died within a year),
 Anna Maria (b. 24 December 1813) who married John Rose Troup, a former East India Company general.Georgiana (b. 2 September 1807; alternatively 1815–1867). She married an Italian mercenary soldier named Paolo Solaroli (1796–1878) who was later to become a wealthy and ranking aristocrat. Born into a humble family from Novara, Piedmont, Paolo Solaroli joined the Sardinian army, was ennobled in the 1840s by Carlo Alberto of Sardinia, became Baron by 1864, was elevated to the title of Marchese di Briona in 1867 by Vittorio Emmanuele II, and later became a diplomat. He had descendants and left them an enormous estate at his death. His castle was acquired in 1864 by the government. In the 1840s, he was styled Baron Paolo Solaroli, but was referred to by his sister-in-law and her lawyers as Peter Solaroli.Army
Having become "family" by his marriage to the Begum's step-granddaughter, George Alexander <mask> was rapidly made commander of the Begam's army. He considered that he was entitled to the Begam's wealth through marriage to Reinhard(t)'s heir, and when Julia Anne died in 1820, began to help himself. George Alexander <mask> was an uncaring and unloving father. Therefore, he was removed but he continued to make a real nuisance of himself until his death. Among his other inequities, he instituted a civil suit against his own son and caused his arrest and subsequent release upon heavy bail. When Julia Anne died in 1820, Begam Sumroo looked after the children as her own. Young <mask> was taken over and brought up by her as her son and heir.Religious position
Although educated by Protestant missionaries, <mask> Dyce <mask> was brought up a Catholic. He added <mask> to his name on being formally nominated by the Begam as her sole heir and successor. She transferred to him her wealth, and the administration of her principality but her attempts to have him accepted by the British as ruler on her death were to no avail. When the Begam died in 1836, the British took possession of Sardhana, all the arms which she had brought from them to equip her army, as well as the lands of Badshapur, which were her private property. They also failed to honour undertakings to continue the many pensions paid from the revenue. <mask>'s attempts to have these wrongs rectified were unsuccessful, although compensation for the arms was eventually granted long after his death. He was embroiled in attempts by his father to grab his fortune.His personal life was marked by extravagant spending – gambling, womanising, and even the occasional pimping – to please European friends and better-off Anglo-Indian friends such as Sir Charles Metcalfe Ochterlony. Marriage

After a visit to China, <mask> set out for England and the Grand Tour of Europe. He married on 26 September 1840 the Honourable Mary Anne Jervis, third daughter of the second Viscount St Vincent, his only daughter by his second wife, described as "accomplished singer, dancer, and composer" and also as an associate of the Duke of Wellington; the marriage took place despite quarrels over his fiancée's social life and the religious affiliation of their future (and never born) children. He also got himself elected as MP for Sudbury in July 1841, and was then deposed in April 1842 after objections from the loser. He accused his wife of adultery with various men including her own father, and his life turned for the worse, when his wife had him certified insane and held under restraint, with the support and consent of his sisters Mrs Anna May Troup (1812–1867) and Baroness Georgiana Solaroli (1815–1867) and their husbands. Escape, medical reports and death
In September that year, <mask> escaped his guards and fled to France, where an attempt to have him extradited failed. Doctors all over Europe examined him and found he was perfectly sane, but his attempts to reverse the judgement were brushed aside.He managed to obtain part of his estate with an allowance of 4,000 pounds deducted for his wife. Meanwhile, he travelled from one end of Europe to the other. Finally, with a change of Government, there seemed a chance of success. He returned to England with indemnity from arrest, but a few days before the case was due to be heard he died suddenly in excruciating agony from a septic foot on 1 July 1851. He was buried at once in an unmarked grave, which has not been touched since, yet his body was also returned to India to be buried in Sardhana. His will providing for the establishment of a school in Sardhana was contested by his estranged wife, whom he had disinherited, on the grounds that he was still insane. She won the case sometime around 1856, and became the richest woman in England.Later on, she was also known as Lady Forester, through her marriage to George Weld-Forester, 3rd Baron Forester on 8 November 1862. The former Mrs <mask> <mask> died childless in 1893, and her fortune presumably passed to the Weld-Forester family. References

External links

 Oxford DNB entry

Anglo-Indian people
Whig (British political party) MPs
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1841–1847
1808 births
1851 deaths
British politicians of Indian descent

masks:
David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre
. Dyce Sombre
David Dyce Sombre
David Ochterlony
David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre
Walter Reinhardt Sombre
Walter Reinhardt Sombre
Sombre
Dyce
David Ochterlony
Sombre
David Ochterlony
Sombre
Sombre
Dyce
Dyce
Dyce
David Ochterlony
Dyce
Dyce
David
David Ochterlony
Sombre
Sombre
David
David
David
Dyce
Sombre


texts:
<mask> (; born 18 April 1947) is a Polish film and theatre actor. He is one of the most popular, influential and versatile Polish actors. He also works as a screenwriter, film director and drama professor. He served as the Rector of the Ludwik Solski Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Kraków for two terms: from 1990 to 1996 and again from 2002 to 2008. Life and career
<mask> was born in Kraków. His ancestors, <mask> and Anna Thill, migrated within Austria-Hungary from Mistelbach to Cracow shortly after their wedding in 1879. Having obtained a degree in Polish literature from the Jagiellonian University in 1970, Stuhr spent the next two years studying acting at the Academy for the Dramatic Arts in Kraków ( often shortened to PWST), where he became a professor.From the early 1970s, Stuhr appeared in Polish theatre and worked in film productions, making his debut with the role of Beelzebub in Adam Mickiewicz's  directed by Konrad Swinarski. Having met film director Krzysztof Kieślowski in the mid-1970s, he continued to work with him until Kieślowski's death in 1996. To an international audience, Stuhr may be best known for his minor role as thick-witted hairdresser Jurek in Kieślowski's Three Colors: White, in which he starred alongside Julie Delpy, Janusz Gajos, and Zbigniew Zamachowski. In Poland and nearby countries, he is probably best known for the part of Max in Juliusz Machulski's 1984 dystopian cult comedy  (one of the most popular Polish movies), and – to a younger audience – for lending his voice to the talking donkey in the dubbed Polish version of the Shrek trilogy. Other important films include Kieślowski's The Scar (, 1976), Camera Buff (Amator, 1979) and Part 10 of The Decalogue series (1988), Machulski's Kingsize (1987), Kiler (1997) and Kiler 2 (1999), and Zanussi's Life for Life (1988). Stuhr also worked with Polish directors Agnieszka Holland, Andrzej Wajda and Krzysztof Zanussi. In 1985, Stuhr made his own directorial debut staging the Polish version of Patrick Süskind's play The Double Bass, in which he also played the (only) role.In spite of the production's success, it was not until 1995 that Stuhr began directing films as well, with List of Adulteresses () based on a novel by <mask> Pilch. Critics favourably compared his next effort Love Stories (, 1997) to Kieślowski's work. The film consists of four unconnected episodes with Stuhr playing the lead role in each. Further movies directed by Stuhr are Big Animal (, 2000 – based on a Kieślowski screenplay), and Tomorrow's Weather (, 2003). For these two, Stuhr employed the Polish alternative rock band Myslovitz who composed the title tracks and also had walk-on roles in the latter. In an interview with The Krakow Post Stuhr admitted that Italian cinéaste Nanni Moretti influenced his approach to filmmaking. From 1990 to 1997, and again from 2002, Stuhr held the position of rector at the Kraków National Drama School, where he had learned his craft two decades before.He formally obtained the title of professor in Dramatic Arts in 1994. <mask>'s son Maciej (born 1975) is an actor in his own right, who has played alongside his father in Kieślowski's Decalogue X (1988),  (2003), and Love Stories (1997). His daughter, Marianna (born 1982) is an artist, painter. In 2004 he was a member of the jury at the 26th Moscow International Film Festival. He is the chairman of the board of supervisors at Cracow's Józef Tischner Children's Hospice and has been a supporter of this foundation since 2004. He was head of the jury of the 2nd Odessa International Film Festival which took place in Odessa from 15 to 23 July 2011. He has worked with RMF FM and has also written books such as Escape forward!() and The Stuhrs: Family Stories' (). In Autumn 2011 Stuhr suffered what he thought was a severe throat infection, but eventually he was diagnosed with laryngeal cancer. He spent most of the following eight months in hospitals in Gliwice, Kraków and Zakopane, undergoing treatment including surgeries, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. His daughter, herself a cancer survivor, advised him to write a diary to keep himself mentally busy during that difficult time. In 2012 it was published by Wydawnictwo Literackie publishing house under the title Tak sobie myślę... (which roughly translates as So I am thinking...). His illness was widely covered by Polish media, and he received feedback from cancer patients around the country for whom his openness was comforting. Eventually he described his cancer as "the most important role of my life".As of April 2013, his cancer is in remission and he resumed both stage and voice acting. Awards and recognition
11 November 1997, by decision of President Aleksander Kwaśniewski, in recognition of his prominent addition to Polish national culture <mask> <mask> was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta. 12 November 2008 he received Złota Kaczka (Golden Duck) being chosen the century's best actor of comedy. <mask> was appointed to the European Film Award for his fourfold role in Love stories. He is a laureate of the Venice Film Festival. He also has received numerous other Polish and international awards in recognition of his work, including:

Polish Academy Life Achievement Award (2018)
Order of the Smile (2014)
Special Award of the Gdynia Film Festival for his film Obywatel (2014)
Honoris Gratia Award (2012)
Commander's Cross with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2011)
Honorary degree of the University of Silesia in Katowice (2007)
Best Script Award at the Gdynia Film Festival to the film Korowód (2007)
Golden Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis (2005)
Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (2000)
Paszport Polityki (1997)
Golden Lions Award at the Gdynia Film Festival for his role in the film Love stories (1997)
Special Award of the Gdynia Film Festival for his role in the film Spis cudzołożnic ("List of Adulteresses") (1994)
Golden Cross of Merit (1989)
Witkacy Prize - Critics' Circle Award (1988)

Voice acting

<mask> <mask> became very popular with younger viewers after he provided the voice for Donkey in the Polish dubbed version of Shrek (as well as in Shrek 2, Shrek the Third and in video games, based on the Shrek movies). Stuhr also provided the voice of Mushu the dragon in Disney's Mulan and Mulan 2, and for the Larry Laffer character in Larry 7'' game.Filmography

Actor

Director and screenplay writer

Voice

References

External links

Giuseppe Sedia, An Interview with <mask> <mask>, in  The Krakow Post, March 26, 2012. 1947 births
Living people
Male actors from Kraków
Polish film directors
Polish screenwriters
Polish male film actors
Polish male stage actors
Polish male voice actors
Polish people of Austrian descent

masks:
Jerzy Oskar Stuhr
Stuhr
Leopold Stuhr
Jerzy
Stuhr
Jerzy
Stuhr
Stuhr
Jerzy
Stuhr
Jerzy
Stuhr


texts:
<mask> (February 6, 1927 – November 5, 1974) was an American journalist, novelist, and editor. <mask> is linked to the black social protest novel tradition of the 1940s and the 1950s, a movement that became synonymous with writers such as Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, Willard Motley, and Ann Petry. <mask>'s third book, South Street (1954), is considered to be one of the first black militant protest novels. His last published novel, The Stone Face (1963), in its account of the Paris massacre of 1961, "stand[s] as one of the few representations of the event available all the way up until the early 1990s". <mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, of African-American descent. After 1951, he maintained an expatriate status in France. However, due to his various journalistic and editorial assignments, he also lived for extended periods of time in Ghana, West Africa.In the final decade of his life, he traveled to the United States to visit family and friends and write about the racial and social upheaval that was occurring there. Some of <mask>'s journalism and reportage from this period was published in various media outlets in France and Europe. Some of it was revised, re-adapted, and published in Return To Black America in 1970. <mask>, who spoke fluent French, was a frequent contributor and guest on radio and television programs in France, where he was considered an expert on the political struggle, civil unrest, and racial tension in the United States during the late 1960s and early 1970s. <mask> was diagnosed with cancer in October 1973 and died just over a year later in Thiais, in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. Life and work
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to <mask>. In 1934 his mother married Douglass Stanley Earle.According to the Dictionary of Literary Biography (DLB):
In <mask>'s senior year, his high-school principal helped him secure a part-time position with the Pittsburgh Courier. <mask> graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School with honors in January 1944 at the age of 16, the second highest student in his class. After graduation <mask> began working full-time as a reporter for the Pittsburgh Courier, but in January 1946 he was drafted into the Army. He was sent to Europe, where he was assigned as a clerk-typist in occupied Berlin, Germany. It was this experience that inspired his first novel, Last of the Conquerors, published in 1948 when <mask> was only 21. Discharged from active duty in 1948, <mask> attended Temple University and continued working as a journalist with the Pittsburgh Courier. During this time he married his high-school sweetheart and had begun working on his second published novel, Anger at Innocence (1950).After a short stay at the Yaddo Foundation in Saratoga Springs, the recently married couple left the United States for France in late 1951. There they became part of a large African-American community of artists and writers living in Paris including, most prominently, Richard Wright, James Baldwin, and Chester Himes among others. <mask> and his wife believed that a move to Europe might help their troubled marriage, but that was not to be. Increased financial burdens, his wife's difficulty learning a foreign language, and their struggles as artists in the displaced milieu of a community far from family and home, led to the couple's divorce. Despite these serious financial and spiritual difficulties, <mask> continued to write while leading a bohemian existence in the Latin Quarter. In 1954, <mask>'s situation improved with the release of his third novel, South Street (inspired by his childhood in the black neighborhoods and ghettoes of Philadelphia), and his hiring by the Agence France-Presse (AFP). In the following years, he served as a foreign service editor and correspondent.He also was a director of AFP in Ghana until the fall of Nkrumah in 1966, after which <mask> continued as an editor and special correspondent of AFP in various countries. His next book The Stone Face, published in 1963, would be his last published novel. <mask> had begun work on it in 1961 when the war in Algeria proved to be an explosive situation that had exacerbated passions in France. This novel evokes the anti-Arab racism that <mask> was witness to both in his daily journalistic work and in the streets of Paris. Kristin Ross, in her book May '68 And Its Afterlives, points out that The Stone Face is one of the earliest published eyewitness accounts (albeit in a fictionalized format) of the Paris massacre of 1961. <mask>'s status as a foreigner and expatriate marked him as an insider and outsider in two cultures, the United States and Europe. By the early 1960s, as a black American working in a foreign land and witness to injustice on two continents, the stakes were raised for <mask> in the composition of this novel.It pushed his capacities as an artist, writer, and journalist to their limits. In this novel and his subsequent journalistic writing and reportage, <mask> testified to the social, political, and cultural happenings of his adopted country as a way to explore and address everyday racism in the United States. In France, <mask> was considered an expert on the racial situation in the United States, especially after he published a report in 1967 on the revolts within American black ghettos. <mask> remarried on October 31, 1961, to Solange Royez. Their daughter, Michelle, was born in 1963, and a son was born in Accra, Ghana, in 1965. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1969. In 1971, <mask> married Ira Reuben, a native of India.Their daughter Rachel was born in 1971. Selected bibliography
Major works
 Last of the Conquerors (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1948; London: Gollancz, 1949). Anger at Innocence (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1950; London: Gollancz, 1951) – Malheur aux justes, Club Français du Livre, 1952, 293 pages, translated by Jean Rosenthal. South Street (New York: Farrar, Straus and Young, 1954). The Stone Face (New York: Farrar, Straus, 1963); new edition, with an introduction by Adam Shatz, published by New York Review Books Classics, 2021,
 Return to Black America (Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1970) – L'Amérique noire, Paris: Casterman, 1972, translated by Rosine Fitzgerald. Periodical publications
"The Negro Writer: Pitfalls and Compensations," Phylon, 11 (Fourth Quarter 1950): 297–303. "European Backdrop," Pittsburgh Courier, January 5, 1952, p. 3."Black Boy in France," Ebony, vol. VIII, no. 9 (July 1953), pp. 32–36, 39–42. – Article deals with life of Richard Wright in Paris over a span of seven years. "The World's Most Famous Nude," Art and Photography, vol. VIII, no.10–94 (April 1957), pp. 14–15, 43–45. Further reading
Bush, Joseph Bevans. "On Re-Calling <mask> <mask>: Writer and Friend," Philadelphia Tribune, August 30, 1977, p. 21. Bone, Robert A. The Negro Novel in America, revised edition (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1965), pp. 167, 176–178.Bryant Jerry H. "Individuality and Fraternity: The Novels of <mask> <mask>," Studies in Black Literature, 3 (Summer 1972): 1–8. Fabre, Michel. La rive noire, essai, André Dimanche Éditeur, 1999 (French)
 Gayle, Addison (Jr). The Way of The New World: The Black Novel in America (Garden City, N. Y.: Anchor Press, Doubleday, 1975), pp. 239–247. Gilroy, Paul. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2001).Hannah, James A Black Writer Found Tolerance in France, and a Different Racism

 Höhn, Maria. GIs and Fräuleins: The German-American Encounter in 1950s West Germany (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002). Schatt, Stanley. "You Must Go Home Again: Today's Afro-American Expatriate Writers," Negro American Literature Forum, 7 (Fall 1973): 80–82. Schraufnagel, Noel. From Apology to Protest: The Black American Novel (DeLand, Fla.: Everett-Edwards, 1973) pp. 47ff.Stovall, Tyler. Paris Noir: African Americans in the City of Light (Mariner Books, 1998). References

External links
 Archives de France-Culture : Les nouvelles guerres culturelles aux Etats-Unis –  Identités afro-américaines, émission du 25 août 2006, avec <mask> <mask> en 1970 et Angela Davis. FBI file on <mask> <mask>

1927 births
1974 deaths
Writers from Philadelphia
20th-century American novelists
African-American novelists
African-American journalists
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists
American emigrants to France
American expatriates in France
American male novelists
Deaths from cancer in France
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Pennsylvania
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers
United States Army personnel
20th-century African-American people

masks:
William Gardner Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Edith Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
William Gardner
Smith
William Gardner
Smith
William Gardner
Smith
William Gardner
Smith


texts:
<mask> FRS (born 27 February 1977) is a British mathematician, specialising in combinatorics and number theory. He is the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Oxford. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 27 February 1977 in Bristol, England. He studied at local schools in Bristol, Bishop Road Primary School and Fairfield Grammar School, competing in the International Mathematical Olympiad in 1994 and 1995. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge in 1995 and completed his BA in mathematics in 1998, winning the Senior Wrangler title. He stayed on for Part III and earned his doctorate under the supervision of Timothy Gowers, with a thesis entitled Topics in arithmetic combinatorics (2003). During his PhD he spent a year as a visiting student at Princeton University.He was a research Fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge between 2001 and 2005, before becoming a Professor of Mathematics at the University of Bristol from January 2005 to September 2006 and then the first Herchel Smith Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Cambridge from September 2006 to August 2013. He became the Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Oxford on 1 August 2013. He was also a Research Fellow of the Clay Mathematics Institute and held various positions at institutes such as Princeton University, University of British Columbia, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mathematics

The majority of <mask>'s research is in the fields of analytic number theory and additive combinatorics, but he also has results in harmonic analysis and in group theory. His best known theorem, proved jointly with his frequent collaborator Terence Tao, states that there exist arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions in the prime numbers: this is now known as the <mask> theorem. Amongst <mask>'s early results in additive combinatorics are an improvement of a result of Jean Bourgain of the size of arithmetic progressions in sumsets, as well as a proof of the Cameron–Erdős conjecture on sum-free sets of natural numbers. He also proved an arithmetic regularity lemma for functions defined on the first  natural numbers, somewhat analogous to the Szemerédi regularity lemma for graphs.From 2004–2010, in joint work with Terence Tao and Tamar Ziegler, he developed so-called higher order Fourier analysis. This theory relates Gowers norms with objects known as nilsequences. The theory derives its name from these nilsequences, which play an analogous role to the role that characters play in classical Fourier analysis. <mask> and Tao used higher order Fourier analysis to present a new method for counting the number of solutions to simultaneous equations in certain sets of integers, including in the primes. This generalises the classical approach using Hardy–Littlewood circle method. Many aspects of this theory, including the quantitative aspects of the inverse theorem for the Gowers norms, are still the subject of ongoing research. <mask> has also collaborated with Emmanuel Breuillard on topics in group theory.In particular, jointly with Terence Tao, they proved a structure theorem for approximate groups, generalising the Freiman-Ruzsa theorem on sets of integers with small doubling. <mask> also has work, joint with Kevin Ford and Sean Eberhard, on the theory of the symmetric group, in particular on what proportion of its elements fix a set of size . <mask> and Tao also have a paper on algebraic combinatorial geometry, resolving the Dirac-Motzkin conjecture (see Sylvester–Gallai theorem). In particular they prove that, given any collection of  points in the plane that are not all collinear, if  is large enough then there must exist at least  lines in the plane containing exactly two of the points. Kevin Ford, <mask>, Sergei Konyagin, James Maynard and Terence Tao, initially in two separate research groups and then in combination, improved the lower bound for the size of the longest gap between two consecutive primes of size at most . The form of the previously best-known bound, essentially due to Rankin, had not been improved for 76 years. More recently <mask> has considered questions in arithmetic Ramsey theory.Together with Tom Sanders he proved that, if a sufficiently large finite field of prime order is coloured with a fixed number of colours, then the field has elements  such that  all have the same colour. <mask> has also been involved with the new developments of Croot-Lev-Pach-Ellenberg-Gijswijt on applying a polynomial method to bound the size of subsets of a finite vector space without solutions to linear equations. He adapted these methods to prove, in function fields, a strong version of Sárközy's theorem. Awards and honours
<mask> has been a Fellow of the Royal Society since 2010, and a Fellow of the American Mathematical Society since 2012. <mask> was chosen by the German Mathematical Society to deliver a Gauss Lectureship in 2013. He has received several awards:

 2004: Clay Research Award
 2005: Salem Prize
 2005: Whitehead Prize
 2007: SASTRA Ramanujan Prize
 2008: European Mathematical Society prize recipient
 2014: Sylvester Medal, awarded by the Royal Society. References

External links
<mask> personal homepage at Oxford
Ben Green faculty page at Oxford
Ben Green Homepage at Trinity College, Cambridge
Clay Research Award 2004 announcement

math.NT/0404188 – Preprint on arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions on primes

1977 births
Living people
20th-century mathematicians
21st-century mathematicians
Academics of the University of Bristol
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Cambridge mathematicians
Clay Research Award recipients
Combinatorialists
English mathematicians
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Number theorists
Scientists from Bristol
Recipients of the SASTRA Ramanujan Prize
Senior Wranglers
Simons Investigator
Waynflete Professors of Pure Mathematics
Whitehead Prize winners

masks:
Ben Joseph Green
Ben Green
Green
Green Tao
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Ben Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Ben Green


texts:
<mask> "Jerry" <mask> (born December 25, 1937) is a Chicago mobster and a high-ranking member of the Chicago Outfit criminal organization. He is most known for stealing the Marlborough diamond in London in 1980, and also for serving as a technical advisor on the 2009 film Public Enemies. On August 29, 2012, Scalise was sentenced in a Chicago federal court to 106 months in prison after pleading guilty in January 2012 to racketeering. Early years
In March 1961, the Chicago Tribune reported that <mask> had been indicted on a larceny charge involving four stolen automobiles. In January 1963, the Chicago Tribune reported that <mask> and Harry Aleman, who would go on to become a notorious Chicago Outfit hit man, both had been arrested and charged with assaulting a Chicago police captain's son. In March 1967, the Chicago Tribune reported that Scalise had a record of arrests for possession of burglar tools, including lock-picking devices. In 1970, Scalise was sentenced to eight years in prison on federal auto theft charges.Scalise also served as a soldier for Chicago mob boss Albert Tocco. And in the 1970s, Scalise was allegedly part of the Chicago mob killing crew known as the "Wild Bunch." He never was charged with any murders, however. Marlborough diamond robbery
On September 11, 1980, Scalise and a colleague, Arthur Rachel, undertook a $3.6 million jewel robbery in broad daylight at Graff's jewelry store in London's busy Knightsbridge area, stealing the 45-carat Marlborough diamond, along with many other jewels. Authorities quickly identified the perpetrators—noting that one of the robbers, who turned out to be Scalise, had a badly deformed left hand. The heist lasted about one minute. The duo was arrested as they exited their flight home at Chicago's O'Hare International Airport.Before and during the robbery, Scalise and Rachel made little effort to hide their identities, with Rachel renting the getaway car in his own name. While in London, the men stayed at the Royal Mount Hotel. Scalise spent almost three years after that in federal custody in the U.S., fighting extradition. In July 1983, Scalise and Rachel were turned over to British authorities. In August 1984, Scalise was sentenced to 16 years in an English prison—on the Isle of Wight—for the crime. In September 1987, <mask> and Rachel sued U.S. Attorney General Edwin Meese, alleging that Meese was "capricious and arbitrary" in refusing to permit them to serve the rest of their sentences in the United States. In 1988, while still incarcerated in England, Scalise was interviewed by FBI agents, seeking information about possible bodies buried in a deserted field just east of Argonne National Laboratory and just 50 yards from a home where Scalise had lived with a girlfriend from 1974 until 1980.In May 1989, it was reported that a hitman for the Chicago Outfit who at one time was close to Scalise had told FBI investigators that Scalise had mailed the Marlborough diamond to his sister in New York City immediately after the 1980 heist. The Marlborough diamond was never recovered. A cabdriver in London, Paul Bryk, told authorities that Scalise and Rachel had asked the cabbie to mail a package they were sending to a New York address—a package that authorities believe contained the diamond. Return to the U.S.
Scalise was released from prison around Christmas 1992 after serving more than 12 years behind bars. At that point, he moved into his father's home in Chicago's Bridgeport neighborhood. In January 1994, he was arrested and charged with possession of burglary tools. In July 1998, Scalise was indicted with four others in a cocaine conspiracy after a government sting.Scalise was alleged to have tried to buy 20 kilograms of cocaine from a federal informant in Los Angeles. In May 1999, Scalise pleaded guilty to the drug-related charges and agreed with prosecutors to a nine-year prison term. On September 1, 1999, Scalise formally was sentenced to nine years in prison. Authorities had said that Scalise cooperated with them into other drug investigations, and that Scalise had been primarily responsible for delivering money to buy cocaine for further distribution in the Chicago area. In 2007, federal investigators said publicly that they believe Scalise killed mob enforcer William Dauber and his wife, Charlotte, in Will County, Illinois. Scalise has never been charged in that murder, however, and a source told the Chicago Sun-Times that his alibi was that he was at a court hearing at the time of the slayings. Movie work
Scalise served as a technical advisor to help out with filming prison sequences for the movie Public Enemies, which was shot in Chicago and was about prolific bank robber John Dillinger.Federal racketeering charges, conviction and sentencing
In April 2010, federal authorities indicted Scalise and two lifelong colleagues, Arthur Rachel and Robert Pullia, on racketeering charges as the trio was alleged to have made extensive plans for robberies and burglaries. Among the heists the three had planned—but never carried out—were robbing an armored car in La Grange, Illinois and breaking into the fortress-like home in Chicago's Bridgeport neighborhood owned by the late Chicago Outfit leader Angelo J. LaPietra. In January 2012, Scalise reached an agreement with federal prosecutors, pleading guilty on January 18, 2012 to racketeering and other crimes. The plea deal came as the FBI released evidence of many secretly recorded tapes of Scalise and his colleagues, planning their crimes. Scalise allegedly had boasted on the recordings that he, Rachel and Pullia were too old to be recognized, and that the police would be "looking for some young guy. But there's no coppers that know us today." Scalise also was implicated in a letter he wrote to corrupt former Chicago Police Chief of Detectives William Hanhardt—who recently was released from federal prison—that authorities had intercepted.In that letter, Scalise wrote that "everyone in court looks at you as guilty and that defendants often forget they did do the crime. The only approach is to make something else the issue to trick the jury." Outside court, Scalise told the Chicago Tribune's John Kass that he was writing a book about his exploits, and he explained that he pleaded guilty even though he thought he might win "because sometimes you've just got to be realistic." He also told Kass that "it would have been a very interesting trial." Regarding the Marlborough diamond, Scalise spoke to reporters outside the courtroom on the matter, responding to one reporter's question about whether anyone could recover the gem. "If Lloyd's (of London) wanted to pay enough money, maybe they could," Scalise told reporters, referring to the insurance company that covered the loss of the diamond. "You guys will have to wait until the book comes out."On August 29, 2012, U.S. District Judge Harry Daniel Leinenweber sentenced Scalise to 106 months in federal prison. "This was certainly a waste of a life," Leinenweber told Scalise, who declined to speak in court. "This is a guy who was given a lot and certainly squandered it." Scalise's scheduled release date is May 28, 2019, but he was released to a halfway house in the Chicago area in February 2019. Personal
Scalise's father, Louis, was a retired Chicago Park District employee. Scalise currently lives in Clarendon Hills, Illinois. He lives with his longtime companion, Linda Pizza.Scalise has a deformed left hand, which lacks four fingers. External links
  retrieved March 27, 2015

References

1937 births
American gangsters of Italian descent
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Living people

masks:
Joseph Jerome
Scalise
Scalise
Scalise
Scalise


texts:
<mask> is an American singer-songwriter, (born Sean Scolnick on August 20, 1980 in Langhorne, Pennsylvania). He attended high school at Solebury School in New Hope, Pennsylvania, and graduated from the Conservatory of Music at Purchase College, part of the SUNY system. He began to gain public notice through several years of touring with the Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players and an appearance at the Bonnaroo Music Festival. His song "Electric Love Letter" was chosen as number 5 on the Rolling Stone editor's top ten picks and was also in the movie Waitress. He has been seen on tours with Cake, The Avett Brothers, Murder By Death, Jeffrey Lewis, The Violent Femmes, Lucero, Rocky Votolato, the Woes, Josh Ritter, Drive-By Truckers, The Low Anthem, Old 97's, Jessica Lea Mayfield, Grace Potter and the Nocturnals, The Devil Makes Three, and The Lumineers. 2006–09

In 2006, <mask> and the War Eagles signed to V2 Records for one EP and an LP. After the release of the Engine EP in 2006, the band signed to Kemado Records, and released a self-titled album on April 29, 2008.<mask> performed the first single from the album, "Restless", on the Late Show with David Letterman in March 2008. Following the release, <mask> toured the US and Europe. In the summer of 2009, <mask> <mask> began playing larger venues including the Newport Folk Festival, Bristol Rhythm & Roots Reunion, Lollapalooza, and the Philadelphia Folk Festival. The album Be Set Free was released on September 29, 2009. On August 9, 2009, <mask> <mask> sang "God Bless America" during the seventh inning stretch during a Philadelphia Phillies-Florida Marlins game at Citizens Bank Park as WXPN's Artist to Watch and has twice been featured on the station's Free at Noon concert series. The song "Worries" from his self titled album was featured in a Travelers Insurance commercial which launched on October 9, 2009. The Way We Move
Langhorne <mask> and his band, The Law, released their fourth album, The Way We Move, on June 5, 2012 through Ramseur Records.It was recorded at Old Soul Studio, a 100-year-old Greek Revival house retooled for recording in Catskill, NY. With studio owner Kenny Siegal co-producing, 26 songs were completed in four days. The Way We Move debuted at #194 on the Billboard Top 200 chart, #159 on the Top Current Albums chart, #36 on the Independent Current Albums chart, and #5 on the Top New Artists Albums chart. It also reached the #1 spot on Amazon.com's singer-songwriter category. The song "The Way We Move" from the album of the same name was featured in a Microsoft Windows 8 commercial. It has also been used in the movie trailer for "Admission," starring Tina Fey and Paul Rudd, and as the opening credits song in the comedy 21 & Over. The music video for "The Way We Move" premiered on Paste Magazine's website on May 22, 2012.<mask> <mask> and The Law performed live on NPR's World Cafe session on August 2, 2012. <mask> <mask> has been celebrated by numerous press outlets. Rolling Stone praised The Way We Move as "damn near perfect," while Laura Barton of The Guardian proclaimed the band as "one of the greatest live acts." Additionally, Entertainment Weekly called <mask> <mask> "your next obsession," and The New Yorker described him as having "Leadbelly's gift for storytelling and Dylan's ability to captivate crowds." On March 25, 2013 Langhorne Slim & The Law performed on Conan O'Brien's late night show. Conan said, "Two months ago a friend handed me the latest album by my next guest and after one listen I became an instant almost obsessive fan. Rolling Stone described the album as 'damn near perfect.'That's a sentiment with which I wholeheartedly agree." The Spirit Moves
On August 7, 2015, Langhorne Slim & The Law released their fifth album, The Spirit Moves via Dualtone Records. The new album was released to high praise from many media outlets, including The Boston Globe: "<mask> is more reflective now, his banjo-driven rock-folk-pop hybrid increased in artistry and depth." His commitment to sobriety since his last album release is often mentioned in interviews and reviews, and has sparked lyrics evoking change as well. The Boston Globe stated, "With a high-pitched, almost Neil Young timbre to his voice, <mask> sings that 'I'm going through changes now' – said changes amounting to a highly listenable rebirth." But The Guardian'''s Harriet Gibsone wrote "Forged in the aftershock of a series of seismic, life-altering events, Pennsylvanian songwriter <mask> <mask>’s fifth album finds him at full throttle.... For all the potency of <mask>’s feelings, however, the album’s downfall is that it is musically and lyrically as well-trodden as his battered, beating heart." On August 19, the band performed "Strangers" on Conan.Rolling Stone called the performance "jubilant," also calling the album, "A mix of soul-shout revival, Americana introspection and the Fifties-evoking jams...an artist looking forward through a fresh set of eyes.". Team Coco also premiered the official video for "Changes." The video was shot in the sanctuary of First Presbyterian Church of New Orleans and featured a new arrangement with harmony vocals from gospel singers Topsy Chapman & Solid Harmony. On October 15, 2015 the song "Put It Together" was used in Season 11, Episode 3 of the TV series Bones ("The Donor in the Drink"). In 2016 "Put It Together" was used in a nationwide TV commercial for The Coca-Cola Company. In 2021 the artist was inter alia part of the Newport Folk Festival in July. DiscographyElectric Love Letter, Narnack Records, 2004When the Sun's Gone Down, Narnack Records, 2005Engine EP, V2 Records, 2006Langhorne Slim, Kemado Records, 2008Be Set Free, Kemado Records, 2009The Way We Move, Ramseur Records, 2012The Spirit Moves, Dualtone, 2015Live at Grimey's, Dualtone Records, 2016Lost at Last Vol.

masks:
Langhorne Slim
Langhorne Slim
Slim
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Slim
Slim
Langhorne
Slim
Slim