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<mask> (9 February 1867 – 25 September 1920) was a British psychoanalyst and suffragette. Born in India, she moved to the UK when she was 13. She undertook studies in medicine with the College of Preceptors and Worshipful Society of Apothecaries and at the University of Durham and University College London; she also attended the lectures of the French psychologist Pierre Janet at the Collège de France, Paris. <mask> was a member of the Women's Freedom League and Women's Tax Resistance League, two organisations that took direct action in their campaign for women's suffrage. In 1910 she and the journalist Henry Brailsford took statements from the suffragettes who had been mistreated during the Black Friday demonstrations in November that year. Their published memorandum was presented to the Home Office, along with a formal request for a public inquiry; the Home Secretary, Winston Churchill, refused to set one up. After practicing medicine from 1909, <mask> and her close friend Julia Turner opened the Medico-Psychological Clinic in 1913, a pioneering entity that provided psychological evaluation and treatment, affordable for middle-class families.Several of the staff who worked and trained at the clinic became leading psychoanalysts. <mask> was awarded an MD by the University of Durham in 1919. Shortly afterwards she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer; she died in September 1920, aged 53. Early life, education and professional training: 1867–1910

<mask> <mask> was born in Hazaribagh, British India on 9 February 1867 to Hugh Hildyard, a lieutenant of the Royal Artillery, and Frances Jane <mask>. The couple also had two younger daughters while in India, Mary Ethel and Edith May. In about 1880 <mask> and her children travelled to Edinburgh, and by 1891 they were living in London. Five years later the family was living in Bayswater, West London, when Hugh, then a retired colonel, died.In 1898 <mask> met Julia Turner, who was completing an undergraduate degree in classics at University College London. The two formed a close friendship; Elizabeth Valentine, <mask>'s biographer, considers the relationship was an "intimate friendship ... that showed many of the signs of a life partnership". Turner gave <mask> private tuition, and she passed the first stage examinations of the College of Preceptors in 1899. In February 1900 she began studying at the London School of Medicine for Women and then enrolled as student at the College of Medicine, Newcastle. In June 1908 she passed her examinations to become a Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. The following year she was granted the degree of Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery at the University of Durham; her study also included the field of psychological medicine. Sometime later <mask> also attended the lectures of the French psychologist Pierre Janet at the Collège de France, Paris.Women's suffrage activism

<mask> was a member of the Women's Freedom League, a militant organisation for women's suffrage, founded in 1907, which eschewed violence in favour of non-violent tactics; Turner was also a member, while Turner's two sisters were members of the Women's Social and Political Union. On Black Friday—18 November 1910—a suffragette demonstration of 300 women marchers was treated with violence, some of it sexual, by the Metropolitan Police and bystanders. <mask> and the journalist Henry Brailsford collected 135 statements from demonstrators, nearly all of which described acts of violence against the women; 29 of the statements also included details of violence that included sexual indecency. Their findings were published and, in February 1911, the memorandum was presented to the Home Office, along with a formal request for a public inquiry. The Home Secretary, Winston Churchill, refused to set one up. <mask> was a member of the Women's Tax Resistance League, a direct action organisation that used tax resistance to protest the lack of vote. <mask> hosted group meetings at her house and, in 1911, had property seized by bailiffs for non-payment of her taxes.She wrote on her demand "I, a member of the Tax Resistance League, hereby declare that I have conscientious objections to paying King's taxes so long as women are denied the suffrage. I maintain that taxation without representation is unconstitutional." Her debts were covered by the sale of a sideboard and chairs, although she refused to allow her property to be purchased back by her friends. In 1913 <mask> donated ten shillings, sixpence to the Tax League; such funds were often used by the League to buy back seized property. Medico-Psychological Clinic

From 1912 to 1914 <mask> worked as a consulting physician at the Quinton Polyclinic for treatment by isotonised seawater. In 1913, while <mask> was still consulting at the Polyclinic, she and Turner established the Medico-Psychological Clinic at 14 Endsleigh Street, where they both lived. Initially the clinic operated informally, opening only three afternoons a week, offering their services to those who could not afford an alternative; one of the clinic's aims was to provide treatment that could be afforded by middle-class patients.The clinic was pioneering, according to The Institute of Psychoanalysis. The practice soon grew and in July 1914 the clinic moved to its own premises at 30 Brunswick Square, London. From July 1915 the clinic began a training programme for psychotherapists—the Society for the Study of Orthopsychics. Several of the staff who worked and studied there later became leading psychoanalysts, including James Glover, Susan Isaacs, Sylvia Payne, Marjorie Brierley and Ella Freeman Sharpe. <mask> joined many of the professional networks associated with her field, and became a member of the British Medical Association, the Association of Registered Medical Women, the Psycho-Medical Society, the Medico-Psychological Association, the Royal Society of Medicine, the Society for Psychical Research, the British Society for the Study of Sex Psychology, the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS) and the Psychological Society. Final years
In 1915 <mask> met Marie Stopes at a BAAS meeting in Manchester, where both women presented papers. The two corresponded and attended the same medical meetings as one another.In 1918 Stopes published her book Married Love, A New Contribution to the Solution of Sex Difficulties; <mask> wrote the preface. In July 1919 <mask> was awarded an MD by the University of Durham. Her thesis was "Nervous Functional Diseases from the Point of View of Modern Clinical Psychology", which, according to Valentine, "discussed the value of psychological discoveries in the treatment and prevention of nervous and mental diseases". Soon after she was awarded her MD, <mask> was diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and retired from the clinic. She wrote her will in July 1919, leaving her estate to Turner, who was also named as the executrix. <mask> died on 25 September 1920, aged 53; she was cremated, and her ashes buried in her mother's grave in Highgate Cemetery. Her obituary in The British Medical Journal described her as "a brilliant and many-sided personality".Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

1867 births
1961 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors
British women's rights activists
English feminists
British women psychiatrists
British psychoanalysts
English women medical doctors
British suffragists
20th-century women physicians
Alumni of Durham University College of Medicine

masks:
Jessie Margaret Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Jessie Margaret
Murray
Murray
Frances Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray


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Gobernador <mask> (baptized March 25, 1587, Bergüenda, Álava – August 12, 1660, Tenerife, Canary Islands) was a Spanish soldier and colonial official. From 1632 to 1634 he was governor of Panama. From June 25, 1635 to August 11, 1644 he was governor of the Philippines. And from 1659 to his death in 1660 he was governor of the Canary Islands. He is remembered as one of the two greatest Spanish military leaders in the Philippines. Background
<mask> was born in Bergüenda, in the mountains of Burgos, to <mask> and María Gaviria. He was a knight of the military Order of Alcántara.He served many years in the army in Flanders, where he was one of the Spanish military leaders in the siege of Breda and a member of the Council of War. Thereafter he was master-of-camp at the port of Callao, Peru, and captain general of cavalry in that colony. From 1632 to 1634 he served as governor of Panama, at that time part of the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. He arrived in Manila as governor and captain general of the Philippines and president of the Audiencia of Manila on June 25, 1635. He had sailed from Acapulco, New Spain, bringing with him a large reinforcement of soldiers from Peru. He replaced Juan Cerezo <mask> Salamanca, who had been serving in an interim capacity since 1633. Cerezo had taken over from the Audiencia, which had governed for 12 months following the death in Manila of Governor Alonso Fajardo y Tenza.Dispute with Archbishop Guerrero
The same day that <mask> arrived in Manila, the cabildo (city council) of that city confirmed Hernando Guerrero as Archbishop of Manila. Guerrero had been in the city, with a royal appointment to the position, since 1632, but had not taken possession of his office because the necessary papal bull had not been received. The cabildo had therefore refused him recognition. Almost immediately disputes arose between Governor <mask> and Archbishop Guerrero. This came to a head when a fugitive criminal claimed sanctuary in an Augustinian church in Manila. An artilleryman, <mask> Nava, owned a female slave named María, with whom he was having illicit relations. The archbishop, upon learning this, ordered Nava to sell the slave.When he refused, she was taken from him and sold. The artilleryman soon tried to get the slave back, declaring he wanted to marry her. One day he saw the woman passing in a carriage with her new mistress, who happened to be the governor-general's wife. Going up to the carriage, he spoke to the woman, but she replied that she preferred to be the slave of another than his wife. Thereupon Nava, blind with anger, drew his dagger and killed her. Before the astonished spectators could react, Nava ran to the Augustinian church, claiming the right of sanctuary. When Governor <mask> heard of the events, he ordered the church surrounded and searched, the murderer seized.While soldiers surrounded the church and prevented anyone from escaping, they would not enter for fear of divine reprisal. <mask>, upon hearing this, rode his horse directly into the threshold and, with about a dozen emboldened guardia civil, seized Nava, who was summarily tried and sentenced to death. Officials of the archdiocese requested the release of the prisoner and his return to the church, but the governor refused to see them. The sentence was soon carried out (September 6, 1635), on a specially built gallows directly in front of the church where Nava had claimed sanctuary. This was the spot where Nava had killed María. The same day the archbishop ordered an interdict and suspension of religious services. The commander of artillery, who had served as judge at Nava's trial, was subsequently condemned to a monetary fine, but appealed and was absolved.In the course of his case and appeals, evidence was given that the governor had stated before witnesses that if an order were given to him to arrest the pope, he would arrest him, and even drag him along by one foot. The interdict was soon lifted. In this dispute the Jesuits sided with the governor, and the other orders with the secular archbishop. A truce between the two parties was agreed to in January 1636, but it soon fell apart. In May of that year the governor ordered the archbishop exiled to Marivales Island, in Manila Bay. The cabildo (council) of the cathedral took over administration of the archdiocese. Within a month the archbishop was allowed to return, but under humiliating conditions.Administrative matters
<mask>, in his annual report to the king dated June 30, 1636, reported the continuing bad state of the treasury. However, the pay warrants issued during the last year had been redeemed at one third their face value, thanks to a "voluntary" donation on the part of the holders. He urged that future governors of the colony be appointed in Spain, rather than in New Spain. In addition, he stated he had reorganized the armed forces and enrolled several companies of Pampango "Indians", whom he predicted would make good soldiers and be much cheaper than Spaniards. He further stated he had reorganized the civil and military payrolls with the aim of lowering their demands on the colonial treasury. War with the Moros
Moro raiders had harassed the Spanish and their allies for years. In 30 years, an estimated 20,000 persons were taken captive by the Moro pirates and sold in the markets of Batavia, Ternate, Amboina, Makassar, Java and Madras.A royal decree of 1636 ordered the pacification of Mindanao, where many of these raiders were based. On March 13, 1637, <mask> <mask> left Zamboanga and landed at Lamitan to begin the assault. He had with him about 800 Peruvian men. They defeated the forces of Sultan Qudarat, capturing many cannons and killing many fighters. Qudarat himself narrowly escaped. Commentators of the time stressed the governor's personal bravery. This victory gave rise to the Moro-Moro, a blood-and-thunder play which recounts the Spanish defeat of the Moros.The play has become an integral part of Filipino folk and religious festivals. Governor <mask> became a hero and his return to Manila was attended with pomp and jubilation. Qudarat took refuge at Lake Lanao, where he delivered a famous speech against the Spanish, exhorting his listeners to renounce submission and take up arms against the invaders. The speech was successful, and the Lake Moros soon recaptured the fort the Spanish had left behind. By 1637 Qudarat had extended his political influence over almost the whole of Mindanao. On January 4, 1638, Governor <mask> led another force, this time of 500 Peruvians and 1,000 native allies in 80 vessels, to invade the island of Sulu. Jolo, the capital of the island, was defended by about 4,000 fighters, including allies from Borneo and Makassar.After three months of heavy fighting and great losses on each side, neither side could claim victory. A truce was agreed on. Other events of his administration
The second Chinese insurrection began in November 1639, and lasted until March 1640. This conflict began with a rebellion of 3,000 Chinese laborers whom Corcuera impressed into farming rice in difficult conditions in the marsh of Calamba. By the end of the conflict some 24,000 Chinese had been killed, and the remaining 8,000 former rebels were taken prisoner and largely forced to work for the Spanish. In agreement with the previous governor, and responding to the exigencies of war with the Sangleys, <mask> <mask> had recommended to the Crown the abandoning of the Spanish fort on Formosa (Taiwan), as expensive and not useful. This became moot on August 24, 1642, when the Dutch captured it.Note, however, that the Dutch had badly failed to capture Spanish Formosa in 1641, and only succeeded the following year because <mask> ordered most troops back to Manila, leaving the position lightly defended. After leaving office
<mask> <mask> had made enemies during his administration, particularly among the clergy. With the arrival of his successor, Diego Fajardo Chacón, in 1644, his enemies had him brought to court. He received a substantial fine and was sent to prison. He spent five years in prison before he was finally freed by royal order. In 1651 he was named governor of Panama for a second time, but he declined. He did accept the post of governor and captain general of the Canary Islands in 1659, serving there until his death the following year.References

Blair, Emma Helen and <mask> Robertson, eds., The Philippine Islands, 1493-1898: Volume XXV, 1635-36, a documentary history of the islands. It is available on-line in English at Project Gutenberg. It can be accessed or downloaded here. External links
A little biographical information
Wars with the Moros in Mindanao and Sulu

Royal Governors of Panama
1587 births
1660 deaths
People from Álava

masks:
Heneral Hurtado de Corcuera
Hurtado de Corcuera
Pedro Hurtado de Corcuera y Montoya
de
Hurtado
Hurtado
Francisco de
Hurtado
Corcuera
Corcuera
Hurtado
de Corcuera
Hurtado
Hurtado
Hurtado
de Corcuera
Hurtado
Hurtado
de Corcuera
James Alexander


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<mask> (worldly name: <mask>; Plaški, Lika, 1858 - 3 October 1933) was a Serbian theologian, Metropolitan of the Eparchy of Banja Luka (1900-1907) and Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna (1907 - 1920). Education
He started his early education in Plaški and Ogulin and continued it, under the patronage of the Metropolitan, in Sremski Karlovci where he graduated from Gymnasium and then studied law in Vienna, Graz and Zagreb, where he passed three state exams respectfully. In Vienna, he attained a doctorate in philosophy, theology and jurisprudence. He volunteered in the military for a year and was named a reserve officer. He opened a law practice in 1884 in Sremska Mitrovica. The following year he moved to Sarajevo, where he remained in the civil service until 1892. That year, he left the civil service and went to Zagreb, working as a legal clerk with Hipotekarna banka.Monasticism
From Zagreb, he went to Sremski Karlovci and enrolled in the Faculty of Theology, which he completed in 1895. He was tonsured a monk by Archimandrite Genadije Popović at Kuveždin Monastery in 1895. After the monastic ceremony, he was appointed the second notary of the Parliamentary Committee. On 9 July 1895, Patriarch Georgije Branković ordained him to the rank of deacon. On November 3, he was appointed notary and consistorial clerk of the Diocesan Administration of Timisoara in Timișoara. At the end of 1895, Bishop Nikanor (Popović) of Timisoara promoted him to the rank of protodeacon. <mask> was ordained a priest by Bishop Lukijan Bogdanović in Szentendre on 18 April 1898, after which he returned to Timișoara.In 1899 he was promoted to hieromonk and on 24 July 1900, he was promoted to archimandrite by Bishop Nikanor Popović. Metropolitan of Banja Luka and Bihać
On March 31, 1899, Ecumenical Patriarch Constantine V of Constantinople received a request from Metropolitan Nikolaj (Mandić) asking that the diocese of Dabar-Bosnia be divided into two dioceses considering its existing large territory. The Patriarch with the Holy Synod responded favourably to Bishop Nikolaj's petition and in the same year the Metropolitanate of Banja Luka-Bihac was established along with the Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna. The new diocese consisted of 13 districts: Banja Luka; Kotor Varos; Derventa; Prnjavor; Bosanska Gradiška; Tešanj; Bihać; Prijedor; Ključ, Una-Sana Canton; Bosanski Petrovac; Stari Majdan; and Sanski Most with 134 parishes. The Act of Establishment of the New Metropolis was issued by the Patriarchate of Constantinople on 13 August 1899, and the Vienna Court upheld that decision on 14 January 1900. The Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople elected the Very Reverend Archimandrite Evgenije <mask> as the first Metropolitan of the newly-founded Banja Luka-Bihac Metropolitanate. He was appointed by the Vienna court as Metropolitan on 24 August 1900.When he was appointed Metropolitan, he held the rank of Archimandrite at St. George's Monastery. The New Metropolitan addressed the priesthood and spiritual congregation on the day of Saint Ignatius in 1900, informing them of his consecration and ordering them to address him in the future on spiritual matters, and not the Metropolitan of Sarajevo. As is customary he requests that the clergy now commemorate his name at the divine services. In the newly established diocese, church life was to be organized, which was not an easy job. At the request of Metropolitan <mask>, the Vienna Court on 18 July 1900 approved the establishment of a Consistory court. The advisers to the Consistory were appointed Protopresbyter Petar Djenić and presbyter Aleksa Jokanović. The Consistory began operating on October 6, 1901.The Metropolitan visited his diocese öfter and used even opportunity to educate the congregation and required priests as well as to require from the clergy to serve the divine services  uniformly. He responded to every call and in seven years he visited over one hundred churches of his diocese. In April and May 1901 he visited the Bihac district: Prijedor, Sanski Most, Ključ, Petrovac, Bihac, Bosanska Krupa and other small places. In July of the same year, he visited the Tešanj Protopresbyterate. On this occasion, he visited churches in the villages of Pribinić, Teslić, Tešanj, Gojakovac and Doboj. In 1904 he visited the Protopresbyterate of Derventa, accompanied by Deacon Kosta Dušanić. On this occasion, he visited the churches in Derventa, the chapels in Kladari and Kotorsko, the chapel in Velika Sočanica, the church in Majevac, Dugo Polje, Odžak, Dubica, Novi Grad, Donji Svilaj, Vinska, Lijesti and Bosanski Brod.During his canonical visits, he also visited schools and hospitals. He was warmly welcomed wherever he went. For seven years in the Metropolitanate of Banja Luka-Bihac, Metropolitan Evgenije consecrated new churches: in Maglaj, Vrbas, Bistrica, Omaša, Nozice, Slabin, Bosanski Kobaš, Bastas, , Veliki Cvjetnić, Krneusa, Bačvani, Čađavica, Bijeljina, Palanci, Malić, Donji Dubovik, Branešci, Srbac, Sanica, Svodna, Pribinić, Mašići and Štrpci as well as schools in Sanski Most and the monastery of Mostanica. With his dedication, the Episcopal Court in Banja Luka was erected. The issue of the construction of the cathedral was raised, which was built at a later date. In order to raise the reputation of Serbian priests, he ordained mostly theologians to the rank of priest. According to incomplete data, he ordained 45 theologians in seven years.He was restrained in the priesthood decoration, but he advocated that the material status of parish priests and priestly widows should be properly addressed. Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna
After the death of the Metropolitan Nikolaj Mandić, the Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna was vacant for five months. On December 20, 1907, the Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, named <mask> <mask> as Mandic's successor for the Metropolitan of Banja Luka-Bihać. He was appointed by the Viennese Court to this position on 9 January 1908, as evidenced by a confirmation diploma issued on 22 January 1908, signed in Cyrillic by Emperor Franz Joseph. Patriarch Joachim III of Constantinople in December 1907 informed Metropolitan Evgenije in a letter that he was elected Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna. The solemn enthronement was on Sunday, 17 February, according to the Julian calendar at the Cathedral Church in Sarajevo. The Holy Liturgy was officiated by Metropolitan <mask> with 10 priests and two deacons.The liturgy was attended by Metropolitan Grigorije Živković of the Eparchy of Zvornik and Tuzla and Metropolitan Petar Zimonjić of the Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina. In the Metropolitanate of Dabar-Bosna, he expanded the scope of his work. Metropolitan <mask> was a member and occasionally president of the Grand Church Court and the Grand Administrative and Educational Council, whose headquarters were in Sarajevo. The Sarajevo Church Court also conducted the affairs of a priestly-widowed pension fund for the whole of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There was also a commission for the training of high school catechists, of which the Metropolitan of Sarajevo was president. The care of the Metropolitan of Sarajevo for Religious Theology was a special obligation. A few days after his enthronement, Metropolitan <mask> visited Religious Theology and stayed for several days.As Metropolitan of Dabar-Bosna, he was honoured on 30 November 1908 by Emperor Franz Joseph I with the Order of Franz Joseph. There were some politicians and political parties accusing him of being an Austrophile. As a delegate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, he participated in the consecration of two metropolitans in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is about the ordination of his successors in Banja Luka,  Archimandrite Vasilije Popović and Ilarion Radonić (1871–1932). Metropolitan <mask>, who often visited his diocese, also asked the clergy to work on spreading literacy through 1909 circular. In 1910, the Diocesan Church Court banned the burial of the dead in the church port. The Sarajevo church court also handled the affairs of the pension fund for the widows of priests.The Metropolitan of Eugene consecrated the following new churches in the Diocese of Dabar-Bosna: Varcar, Štrpce, Pale, Bratunac, Zavidovići, Borica; built a bell tower in Ilijaš; Serbian home for orphans in Busovaca and Serbian school in Jezero. He ordained a large number of theologians to the rank of priest. Retirement and death
In 1920, he retired. He lived in the Ravanica Monastery in Vrdnik. As an accomplished lawyer, he participated in the drafting of the Constitution of the Serbian Orthodox Church, adopted in 1931. He died in Sunja on 3 October 1933 at the age of 75. He was succeeded by Metropolitan Petar (Zimonjić).References

1858 births
1933 deaths
20th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Bishops of Dabar-Bosnia
Eastern Orthodox theologians
Christian writers
Serbian theologians

masks:
Evgenije Letica
Manojlo Letica
Letica
Letica
Evgenije
Evgenije
Letica
Evgenije
Evgenije
Evgenije
Evgenije


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was a poet and translator of French literature in Taishō and Shōwa period Japan. He is credited with introducing French surrealism to Japanese poetry, and to translating the works of over 66 French authors into Japanese. Early life
<mask> was born in the Hongō neighborhood of Tokyo. His father, <mask> was the son of ex-samurai from Echigo and a career diplomat with the Foreign Ministry who was the Japanese consul at Incheon during the First Sino-Japanese War. <mask> attended the Literature Department of Keio University, but never graduated (which is rather ironic, since his given name "Daigaku" is written with the same kanji as "university", and came from the fact that his father was still a student at Tokyo Imperial University when he was born). Even prior to entering the university, he was a member of the Shinshisha (The New Poetry Society) and contributing tanka poetry to Subaru (Pleiades) and other literary magazines, such as Mita Bungaku. Under the encouragement of Tekkan Yosano and his wife Akiko Yosano he also began to write other types of verse.In 1911, Horiguchi left school to accompany his father on overseas postings and during the next 14 years overseas he became fluent in French (assisted by his Belgian stepmother) and interested in French literature, particularly the novels and poetry of the Symbolist movement. He first spent over a year in Mexico, where he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, causing Horiguchi to abandon his father's hope that he become a diplomat, and he devoted his time to writing verse and translation of French works instead. He was in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution, and it was also during this time that he was drawn to Parnassianism as a style of verse. In 1913, the family relocated to Belgium, via Siberia. While in Belgium, he studied the works of Paul Verlaine and the works of the Symbolist movement, including the works of Remy de Gourmont. He subsequently lived for brief periods in Spain, Paris, Brazil and Romania and maintained correspondence with Marie Laurencin and Thomas Mann, whose works he also translated while recuperating at a sanatorium in Switzerland. Pre-war career
In 1919, Horiguchi published his first anthology of verse, Gekko to Pierrot (Moonlight and Pierrot), and a book of waka verse, Pan no fue (Pan pipes).On returning to Japan in 1925, he brought out a collection of poems Gekka no ichigun, which introduced the Japanese literary world to the works of Jean Cocteau, Raymond Radiguet, Paul Verlaine, and Guillaume Apollinaire. This work greatly influenced modern Japanese poetry starting from the late 1920s and 1930s. In addition, his translation of Paul Morand's Ouvert la nuit (Yo hiraku; Night opens) had a strong impact on the Shinkankakuha, or the New Sensation School whose best-known exponent was Yokomitsu Riichi. In 1928 he created his own poetry magazine, Pantheon, but its publication was discontinued the following year after he had a falling out with co-author Kōnosuke Hinatsu. He subsequently launched a new poetry magazine, Orpheon. In 1932, Horiguchi moved to the Ishikawa neighborhood of Tokyo. In 1935, he became vice-chairman of the Japan PEN Club (the chairman at the time was Tōson Shimazaki), and in May of the same year entertained Jean Cocteau during his visit to Japan, by taking him to see kabuki.However, spoke out against the increasing militarization of Japan, and after promulgation of the National Mobilization Law, went into self-imposed confinement at a hotel on the shores of Lake Nojiri, continuing with his translations of French literature under the ever more vigilant eyes of the censors. In 1941, he was evacuated to Okitsu, Shizuoka, but returned briefly to Tokyo in 1942 to give a eulogy at the funeral of Akiko Yosano. He remained in Shizuoka until 1945, and moved briefly to Sekikawa, Niigata before the end of the war. Post-war career
Horiguchi moved back to Shizuoka at the end of World War II, and an anthology of five volumes of his poetry was published in 1947. From 1950, he moved to Hayama, Kanagawa, where he spent the remainder of his life. In 1957, he was made a member of the Japan Art Academy, and met with André Chamson, the president of PEN International who was visiting Japan, the same year. In 1959, one of his works was awarded the prestigious Yomiuri Prize.Over the next ten years, he was in demand as a guest speaker on modern Japanese poetry around the country. In 1967, his submission of poetry in the traditional Japanese style for the Utakai Hajime contest at the Imperial Palace on the topic of fish drew praise from Emperor Hirohito (an amateur marine biologist), and <mask> was awarded the 3rd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasures. In 1970, he became honorary chairman of the Japan Poetry Club, and in November of the same year was made a Person of Cultural Merit by the Japanese government. In 1973, he was awarded the 2nd class of the Order of the Sacred Treasures. In 1976 a limited edition collection of <mask>'s poems, entitled "Tôten no Niji"  ("Rainbow in the Eastern Sky"), was illustrated by noted modernist artist Hodaka Yoshida, who contributed seven signed and numbered prints to accompany the poems. In 1979 he was awarded the Order of Culture by the Japanese government. <mask> died in March 1981 at the age of 89.His grave is at the Kamakura Reien cemetery. During his career, Horiguchi published more than 20 books of poetry. His verses combined the flexibility of the Japanese style with hints of the resonance of the French language, and he was noted for making use of colloquial Japanese words in his translations to come closer to the original imagery, rather than attempting to force the translated poems into a more traditional Japanese format. See also

Japanese literature
List of Japanese authors

References
<mask>, Sumireko. Chichi no katamigusa: Horiguchi Daigaku to watakushi. Bunka Shuppankyoku (1990). (Japanese)
 Epp, Robert, "Introduction" (pp.17–30), in Rainbows—Selected Poetry of <mask> Daigaku (1994). 565 works; 360 pp. Frederic, Louise. Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press (2002). .
Baker, Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. Routledge (2001).1892 births
1981 deaths
People from Tokyo
Recipients of the Order of Culture
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
20th-century Japanese poets
20th-century Japanese translators

masks:
Horiguchi
Horiguchi Kumaichi
Horiguchi
Horiguchi
Horiguchi
Horiguchi
Horiguchi
Horiguchi


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<mask> (; 2 December 1891 – 25 July 1969) was a German painter and printmaker, noted for his ruthless and harshly realistic depictions of German society during the Weimar Republic and the brutality of war. Along with George Grosz and Max Beckmann, he is widely considered one of the most important artists of the Neue Sachlichkeit. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born in Untermhaus, Germany, now a part of the city of Gera, Thuringia. The eldest son of <mask>, an iron foundry worker, and Louise, a seamstress who had written poetry in her youth, he was exposed to art from an early age. The hours he spent in the studio of his cousin, Fritz Amann, who was a painter, were decisive in forming young <mask>'s ambition to be an artist; he received additional encouragement from his primary school teacher. Between 1906 and 1910, he served an apprenticeship with painter Carl Senff, and began painting his first landscapes. In 1910, he entered the Kunstgewerbeschule in Dresden, now the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where Richard Guhr was among his teachers.At that time the school was not a school for the fine arts but rather an academy that concentrated on applied arts and crafts. The majority of <mask>’s early works concentrated on landscapes and portraits which were done in a stylized realism that later shifted to expressionism. World War I service

When the First World War erupted, <mask> volunteered for the German Army. He was assigned to a field artillery regiment in Dresden. In the autumn of 1915 he was assigned as a non-commissioned officer of a machine-gun unit on the Western front and took part in the Battle of the Somme. In November 1917, his unit was transferred to the Eastern front until the end of hostilities with Russia, and in February 1918 he was stationed in Flanders. Back on the western front, he fought in the German spring offensive.He earned the Iron Cross (second class) and reached the rank of vizefeldwebel. In August of that year he was wounded in the neck, and shortly after he took pilot training lessons. He took part in an anti-aircraft course in Tongern, was promoted to Vizefeldwebel and after passing the medical tests transferred to Aviation Replacement Unit Schneidemühl in Posen. He was discharged from service on 22 December 1918 and was home for Christmas. <mask> was profoundly affected by the sights of the war, and later described a recurring nightmare in which he crawled through destroyed houses. He represented his traumatic experiences in many subsequent works, including a portfolio of fifty etchings called Der Krieg, published in 1924. Subsequently, he referred again to the war in The War Triptych, painted from 1929 to 1932.Post-war artwork

At the end of 1918 <mask> returned to Gera, but the next year he moved to Dresden, where he studied at the Hochschule für Bildende Künste. He became a founder of the Dresden Secession group in 1919, during a period when his work was passing through an expressionist phase. In 1920, he met George Grosz and, influenced by Dada, began incorporating collage elements into his works, some of which he exhibited in the first Dada Fair in Berlin. He also participated in the German Expressionists exhibition in Darmstadt that year. He met metalsmith Martha Koch in 1921, and they married in 1923. They had three children together. She was a frequent subject of his portraits.In 1924, he joined the Berlin Secession; by this time he was developing an increasingly realistic style of painting that used thin glazes of oil paint over a tempera underpainting, in the manner of the old masters. His 1923 painting The Trench, which depicted dismembered and decomposed bodies of soldiers after a battle, caused such a furor that the Wallraf-Richartz Museum hid the painting behind a curtain. In 1925 the then-mayor of Cologne, Konrad Adenauer, canceled the purchase of the painting and forced the director of the museum to resign. <mask> was a contributor to the Neue Sachlichkeit exhibition in Mannheim in 1925, which featured works by George Grosz, Max Beckmann, Heinrich Maria Davringhausen, Karl Hubbuch, Rudolf Schlichter, Georg Scholz and many others. <mask>'s work, like that of Grosz—his friend and fellow veteran—was extremely critical of contemporary German society and often dwelled on the act of Lustmord, or sexualized murder. He drew attention to the bleaker side of life, unsparingly depicting prostitution, violence, old age, and death. In one of his few statements, published in 1927, <mask> declared, "The object is primary and the form is shaped by the object."Among his most famous paintings are Sailor and Girl (1925), used as the cover of Philip Roth's 1995 novel Sabbath's Theater, the triptych Metropolis (1928), a scornful portrayal of depraved actions of  Germany's Weimar Republic, where nonstop revelry was a way to deal with the wartime defeat and financial catastrophe, and the startling Portrait of the Journalist Sylvia von Harden (1926). His depictions of legless and disfigured veterans—a common sight on Berlin's streets in the 1920s—unveil the ugly side of war and illustrate their forgotten status within contemporary German society, a concept also developed in Erich Maria Remarque's All Quiet on the Western Front. Although frequently recognized as a painter, <mask> drew self-portraits and portraits of others using the medium of silverpoint on prepared paper. "Old Woman," drawn in 1932, was exhibited with old-master drawings. World War II and the Nazis
When the Nazis came to power in Germany, they regarded <mask> as a degenerate artist and had him sacked from his post as an art teacher at the Dresden Academy. He later moved to Lake Constance in the southwest of Germany. <mask>'s paintings The Trench and War Cripples were exhibited in the state-sponsored Munich 1937 exhibition of degenerate art, Entartete Kunst.War Cripples was later burned. The Trench was long thought to have been destroyed too, but there are indications the work survived until at least 1940. Its later whereabouts are unknown. It may have been looted during the confusion at the end of the war. It has been called 'perhaps the most famous picture in post-war Europe ... a masterpiece of unspeakable horror. <mask>, like all other practising artists, was forced to join the Nazi government's Reich Chamber of Fine Arts (Reichskammer der bildenden Kuenste), a subdivision of Goebbels' Cultural Ministry (Reichskulturkammer). Membership was mandatory for all artists in the Reich.<mask> had to promise to paint only inoffensive landscapes. He still painted an occasional allegorical painting that criticized Nazi ideals. His paintings that were considered "degenerate" were discovered among the 1500+ paintings hidden away by the son of Hitler's looted art dealer Hildebrand Gurlitt in 2012. In 1939 he was arrested on the trumped-up charge of being involved in a plot against Hitler (see Georg Elser), but was later released. During World War II, <mask> was conscripted into the Volkssturm. He was captured by French troops at the end of the war and released in February 1946. Later life and death

<mask> eventually returned to Dresden and remained there until 1966.After the war most of his paintings were religious allegories or depictions of post-war suffering, including his 1948 Ecce homo with self-likeness behind barbed wire. In this period, <mask> gained recognition in both parts of the then-divided Germany. In 1959 he was awarded the Grand Merit Cross of the Federal Republic of Germany (Großes Verdienstkreuz) and in 1950, he was unsuccessfully nominated for the National Prize of the GDR. He received the Lichtwark Prize in Hamburg and the Martin Andersen Nexo Art Prize in Dresden to mark his 75th birthday in 1967. <mask> was made an honorary citizen of Gera. Also in 1967 he received the Hans Thoma Prize and in 1968 the Rembrandt Prize of the Goethe Foundation in Salzburg. <mask> died on 25 July 1969 after a second stroke in Singen am Hohentwiel.He is buried at Hemmenhofen on Lake Constance. <mask> had three children: a daughter Nelly (1923–1955) and two sons, Ursus (1927–2002) and Jan (1928-2019). Otto Dix House Museums

The Otto-Dix-Haus was opened in 1991, at the 100th anniversary of <mask>'s birth, in the 18th-century house where he was born and grew up, at Mohrenplatz 4 in the city of Gera, as a museum and art gallery. It is managed by the city administration. As well as providing access to the rooms <mask> lived in, it houses a permanent collection of 400 of his works on paper and paintings. Visitors can see examples of his childhood sketch books, watercolours and drawings from the 1920s and 1930s, and lithographs. The collection also includes 48 postcards he sent from the front during World War I.The gallery also regularly hosts temporary exhibitions. The building was affected by a flood in June 2013. In order to repair the underlying damage, the museum was closed in January 2016, and re-opened in December 2016 following restoration. The Museum Haus Dix was inaugurated in 2013 in the house where the artist lived with his family and where he worked from 1936 to 1969, in Hemmenhofen, south Germany. See also
 List of German painters

Notes

References
 Conzelmann, O., <mask> (Hannover: Fackelträger-Verlag, 1959). Hinz, Berthold (1979). Art in the Third Reich, trans.Robert and Rita Kimber. Munich: Carl Hanser Verlag. .
 Karcher, Eva (1988). <mask> 1891–1969: His Life and Works. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen. Michalski, Sergiusz (1994). New Objectivity. Cologne: Benedikt Taschen. .
 Schmied, Wieland (1978).Neue Sachlichkeit and German Realism of the Twenties. London: Arts Council of Great Britain. . External links

 <mask> online catalog
 <mask> at Museum Syndicate
 Ten Dreams Galleries
 Small gallery of works at mess.net
 DIX Otto-Dix.de
  Otto Dix

1891 births
1969 deaths
People from Gera
People from the Principality of Reuss-Gera
20th-century German painters
20th-century German male artists
German male painters
German war artists
Modern painters
Dada
German Expressionist painters
German Esperantists
Volkssturm personnel
Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
World War II artists
World War I artists
Dresden Academy of Fine Arts faculty
German military personnel of World War I
German prisoners of war in World War II held by France
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<mask> (born July 2, 1980) is an American former professional baseball outfielder. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Washington Nationals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Cleveland Indians, in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars, and in the KBO League for the Hanwha Eagles. <mask> has mainly played center field during his MLB career. In his youth <mask> played ice hockey, reaching the Major Junior level with the Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League in 1999–2000. Following that season, <mask> turned his focus exclusively to baseball and was drafted by the Pirates in the 33rd round of the 2002 MLB draft. Early life
<mask> was born in San Francisco. When he was seven years old, he became interested in playing ice hockey after watching the ice hockey tournament at the 1988 Winter Olympics on television.When <mask> was 16, after playing in numerous tournaments across the United States and Canada, he was recruited by the Vernon Vipers of the British Columbia Hockey League (BCHL). Although <mask> did not make the Vipers' team after participating in its training camp, he played two games with the team during the 1996–97 season as an affiliate player in which he recorded ten penalty minutes. He spent the remainder of the 1996–97 season with the North Okanagan Knights of the Kootenay International Junior Hockey League. The following season, he played for the Nelson Leafs of the Rocky Mountain Junior Hockey League. During the 1998–99 season, <mask> again played for a new team, this time for the Delta Ice Hawks of the Pacific International Junior Hockey League. The following season, <mask> made the transition from the junior "B" Ice Hawks to the major junior Regina Pats of the Western Hockey League (WHL). In seven games with the Pats during the 1999–2000 WHL season, <mask> scored two goals and recorded 20 penalty minutes.Both of his goals were scored in his first career WHL game, after which he was named the first star of the game. Following his seven games with the Pats, <mask> was released and joined the Prince George Spruce Kings of the BCHL for three games in which he scored one assist and 15 penalty minutes. Baseball career

Pittsburgh Pirates
The Pittsburgh Pirates selected <mask> in the 33rd round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft. On September 1, 2007, <mask> made his major league debut for the Pirates against the Milwaukee Brewers as a late-season call-up. On September 14, 2007, <mask> made a catch in Minute Maid Park's center field that proved the difference in a 4–3 Pirates win. Houston Astros manager Cecil Cooper said of the catch "That's probably the best catch I've seen this year.". The catch garnered references to Willie Mays' The Catch on SportsCenter the following day.<mask> also showed his tools against the San Diego Padres on September 20, going 2 for 3 with a triple, two runs scored, two stolen bases, and an outfield assist throwing out Scott Hairston. <mask>'s first home run came September 25 against the Arizona Diamondbacks. <mask> was expected to make the 2008 roster as the Pirates' starting center fielder, but lost the position battle to Nate McLouth during spring training. After a poor start to the season, he was optioned to the Triple-A affiliate Indianapolis Indians. <mask> made several appearances for the Pirates, but spent most of his season in Indianapolis until a productive September call up to the parent club. <mask> overcame an unimpressive spring training in 2009 to claim the job of starting left fielder. Building on his positive second half of 2008, he proved himself to be a fan favorite, often referring to left field as "Morgantown".Although he stole 42 bases in 2009 (second in the league to Michael Bourn), he was caught 17 times—tied for the most in the majors. Washington Nationals
On June 30, 2009, <mask> was traded to the Washington Nationals along with pitcher Sean Burnett in exchange for outfielder Lastings Milledge and pitcher Joel Hanrahan. On August 27, he fractured his hand sliding into third base, and was placed on the 15-day disabled list the following day

In a May 22, 2010, game against the Baltimore Orioles, <mask>, playing center field, jumped for a fly ball hit by Adam Jones which hit his glove and caromed away. <mask> thought he had knocked the ball over the fence for a home run, and reacted by angrily throwing his glove to the ground and walking away. Left fielder Josh Willingham retrieved the ball and threw it towards home plate, but not in time to prevent Jones from achieving an inside-the-park home run. As he left the field at the end of the inning, <mask> heard a chorus of boos from the crowd. On July 22, 2010, <mask> became the first Nationals player to steal three bases in one game.For the 2010 season, he was third in the league in steals (34), and led the league in the number of times caught stealing (17). On August 25, 2010, <mask> was given a seven-game suspension for allegedly throwing a ball at a fan during a game against the Philadelphia Phillies at Citizens Bank Park; <mask> appealed the suspension. On August 31, <mask> ran into Marlins catcher Brett Hayes; the collision separated Hayes' shoulder. The next day, <mask> was hit by a pitch in the 4th inning, by Florida Marlins pitcher Chris Volstad. Later that night, Volstad threw a ball that went behind <mask>. Incensed by the pitch, <mask> charged the mound, taking a swing at Volstad before being clotheslined by Marlins first-baseman Gaby Sánchez, leading to a bench-clearing fight. MLB suspended <mask> for eight games and fined him an undisclosed amount.The suspension from the September 1 brawl was upheld on appeal, and <mask> started serving his eight-game suspension on September 17. The league also gave him a $15,000 fine in addition to the eight-game suspension. The incident came just days after <mask> ran into St. Louis Cardinals backup catcher Bryan Anderson in spite of the fact that the Cardinals catcher didn't have the ball and had stepped away from the plate. <mask> finished the 2010 season with a .253 average and 34 stolen bases, and led the National League in times caught stealing for the second year in a row. Milwaukee Brewers

On March 27, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for prospect Cutter Dykstra (son of baseball player Lenny Dykstra). <mask> fractured his middle finger in the 8th inning on a sacrifice bunt against Jonny Venters. After two separate stints on the disabled list, he joined Carlos Gómez in a platoon in center field with Gómez in the lineup versus left-handed pitchers and <mask> in the lineup versus righties.On June 8 against the New York Mets, <mask> recorded his first walk-off hit with a double down the right field line at Miller Park to win the game 7–6. After the game, <mask> said that he did not know it was a walk-off until he saw his teammates running out onto the field. In 2011, he batted .304 and was third in the NL in hit by pitch (14) and sacrifice hits (15). On October 7, <mask> had a series-clinching walk-off base hit in the 10th inning of Game 5 of the NLDS against the Arizona Diamondbacks. The Brewers won the game 3–2, giving the Brewers their first playoff series win since 1982. <mask> was widely criticized for twice yelling out obscenities on live TV immediately after the Brewers won the National League Division Series on October 7, 2011. On January 16, 2012, <mask> signed a one-year, $2.35 million deal during his first run-through of arbitration eligibility.In the 2012 season, <mask> batted .239 in 122 games, with 12 stolen bases (and five times caught stealing). The Brewers did not offer <mask> a major-league contract for the 2013 season, and he refused an assignment to the Brewers' Class AAA minor league team, the Nashville Sounds. Yokohama DeNA BayStars
In January 2013, <mask> signed a contract to play for the Yokohama DeNA BayStars of the Central League in Nippon Professional Baseball. He batted .294 with 11 home runs in 108 games for the BayStars. Cleveland Indians
On January 14, 2014, <mask> announced that he had signed a minor league contract with an invitation to Spring training with the Cleveland Indians. Due to Michael Bourn starting the season on the disabled list, <mask> earned a spot on the 25-man roster and started the 2014 season as the starting center fielder and leadoff hitter. On August 5, 2014, he was released.Hanwha Eagles
In December 2014, he signed with the Hanwha Eagles of the KBO League on a one-year $700,000 contract. Pericos de Puebla
In December 2015, he signed with the Pericos de Puebla of the Mexican League. During the 2016 season he hit for an average of .306 while stealing 22 bases and showing surprising power with 11 home runs as he played Left field and center field and leadoff the batting order as he played in 101 of the team's 110 regular season games. He was named to the Mexican League All-Star team and was brilliant both in the field and at the plate during the playoffs that resulted in the first League Championship for Puebla in 30 years. Acereros de Monclova
On February 21, 2017, <mask>, along with Chad Gaudin, Daric Barton, Manny Rodriguez, Rodolfo Amador, and Willy Taveras, were traded to the Acereros de Monclova in exchange for RHP Joaquín Lara. Personal life
<mask> frequently refers to himself as "Tony Plush", which he says is his "name on the field" or his "gentleman's name". Under his nickname, <mask> will occasionally make a hand signal to look like a "T" after reaching base.In 2011, he created his own Twitter account, where he published wacky pictures such as himself dressed as a cowboy. With over 80,000 followers, he often tweeted after games using his catchphrase "AAAAAHHHH GOTTA GO!" <mask> has one daughter, Niah, who was born in Regina, Saskatchewan, during his tenure with the Western Hockey League's Regina Pats. <mask> relinquished custody of Niah in order to pursue his athletic career. In 2017, <mask> had a son. In 2018, <mask> threw the first pitch of the NLDS at Miller Park on his son's first birthday. On February 1, 2012, <mask> had the opportunity to join an on-ice practice with the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League.He said that it was "dream come true", and he received high praise from All-Star player Joe Thornton, who said that <mask> was "actually a pretty good skater." References

External links

, or Retrosheet
Yahoo! Sports
Pura Pelota (Venezuelan Winter League)

1980 births
Living people
Acereros de Monclova players
African-American baseball players
African-American ice hockey players
Altoona Curve players
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
American expatriate baseball players in South Korea
American expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Baseball players from San Francisco
Cleveland Indians players
Columbus Clippers players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
Hagerstown Suns players
Hanwha Eagles players
Hickory Crawdads players
Honolulu Sharks players
Ice hockey players from California
Indianapolis Indians players
KBO League outfielders
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Lynchburg Hillcats players
Major League Baseball outfielders
Mexican League baseball center fielders
Mexican League baseball left fielders
Milwaukee Brewers players
Nashville Sounds players
Nelson Leafs players
Nippon Professional Baseball center fielders
Pericos de Puebla players
Phoenix Desert Dogs players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Potomac Nationals players
Prince George Spruce Kings players
Regina Pats players
Sportspeople from San Francisco
Tamalpais High School alumni
Vernon Vipers players
Walla Walla Warriors baseball players
Washington Nationals players
Williamsport Crosscutters players
Yokohama DeNA BayStars players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

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<mask> (born May 28, 1945) is an American musician, singer, and songwriter. Together with Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, and his brother <mask>, he founded the band Creedence Clearwater Revival (CCR), for which he was the lead singer, lead guitarist, and principal songwriter. The group had nine top-10 singles and eight gold albums between 1968 and 1972, and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. Since CCR parted ways in 1972, <mask> has had a successful solo career, which continues. He was listed on Rolling Stone magazine's list of 100 Greatest Songwriters (at No. 40) and the list of 100 Greatest Singers (at No. 72).His songs include "Proud Mary", "Bad Moon Rising", "Fortunate Son", "Green River", "Down on the Corner", "Who'll Stop the Rain", "Centerfield" and "The Old Man Down the Road". Early life

<mask> was born in Berkeley, California, and grew up in El Cerrito, California, the third of five boys born to Galen Robert and Edith Lucile <mask>. His father was a native of Iowa, and worked as a Linotype operator for the Berkeley Gazette in California. Lucile <mask> taught second grade and was from Great Falls, Montana. He first attended a Catholic school, the School of the Madeleine, in Berkeley, California. In his memoir, Fortunate Son, <mask> was critical of the school, saying when in class he was not permitted to go to the bathroom when he asked, and frequently wet himself and was forced to sit in his wet clothing. After one year, <mask> enrolled in nearby Harding Grammar School.In his book, he stated that his parents were alcoholics and that they divorced when he was in the third or fourth grade. He later attended St. Mary's High School, then transferred to El Cerrito High School, where he met the other future members of CCR and took guitar lessons from Berkeley Folk Festival creator/producer Barry Olivier. <mask>'s older brother Tom was a guitarist and bandmate in the group that eventually became CCR. <mask> spent summer vacations at Putah Creek, near Winters, California, which became the subject of the CCR song "Green River". While in junior high school in 1959, <mask> formed a cover band with bassist Stu Cook and drummer Doug Clifford called the Blue Velvets. The band was inspired by rock and roll pioneers, especially Little Richard and Bo Diddley. Later, <mask>'s brother Tom joined the group.In 1964, the band signed with Fantasy Records, which without the band's knowledge or approval, changed the band's name from the Blue Velvets to The Golliwogs. This group recorded seven singles that were not commercially successful. Military service
<mask> received his draft notice for military service during the Vietnam War in 1966. The same day he received the notice, he went to a local United States Army Reserve recruiter, who signed him up immediately for training as a supply clerk. <mask> believes the recruiter dated the paperwork to take effect before the draft letter arrived. During his time in the Army Reserve, <mask> attended training at Fort Bragg, Fort Knox, and Fort Lee. He completed his active duty for training in July 1967, then served as a part-time reservist until being discharged in 1968.Creedence Clearwater Revival (1968–1972)

After <mask>'s military service, the Golliwogs resumed playing, releasing an album in late 1967. In 1968, they changed their name to Creedence Clearwater Revival, with <mask> taking his brother's place as lead singer. The band released their eponymous debut album and also had their first hit single, "Susie Q". Many other hit singles and albums followed, beginning with "Proud Mary" and the album Bayou Country. <mask>, as writer of the songs for the band as well as lead singer and lead guitarist, felt that his musical opinions should count for more than those of the others, leading to resentments within the band. These internal rifts, and Tom's feeling that he was being taken for granted, caused Tom to leave the group in January 1971. The two other group members, bassist Cook and drummer Clifford, wanted a greater role in the band's future.<mask>, in an attempt to keep things together, insisted Cook and Clifford share equal songwriting and vocal time on what became the band's final album, Mardi Gras, released in April 1972, which included the band's last two singles, the 1971 hit "Sweet Hitch-Hiker", and "Someday Never Comes", which  made it into the Billboard Top 20. Cook and Clifford told <mask> that the fans would not accept Mardi Gras as a CCR LP, but <mask> told them, "My voice is a unique instrument, and I will not lend it to your songs." According to the two bandmates, <mask> gave them an ultimatum: either they would do it or
<mask> would quit immediately. They accepted <mask>'s ultimatum. The album received poor reviews, but was a commercial success, peaking at number 12 and achieving gold-record status. It did, however, generate weaker sales than previous albums. The group disbanded shortly after the album was released.The only reunion of all four original members was at <mask>'s wedding in 1980. <mask>, Clifford, and Cook played a 45-minute set at their 20th El Cerrito high school class reunion in 1983, and <mask> and Clifford were reunited again for a brief set at their 25th class reunion. Even early in his career, “<mask>’s attitude toward music [was] serious, practiced, even perfectionistic. He drilled his bandmates in rehearsal after rehearsal, insisting that his songs be performed his way. …[He] was known for not indulging in drugs, and although <mask> struggled with alcohol later in life he had only contempt for musicians whose habits interfered with their performances.”  “Not in my band,” he writes in his memoir, Fortunate Son. “You dare not be stoned playing music around me.... When you’re working, you’re supposed to be working.”

Solo career

1972–1985

As CCR was coming to an end, <mask> began working on a solo album of country and western covers, on which he produced, arranged, and played all of the instruments.Despite the solo nature of the recordings, however, <mask> elected to credit the album to The Blue Ridge Rangers—a band of which he was the only member. The eponymous The Blue Ridge Rangers was released in 1973; it spun off the top-20 hit "Jambalaya", as well as a lesser hit in "Hearts of Stone". <mask>, still using "The Blue Ridge Rangers" name, then released a self-penned rock-and-roll single: "You Don't Owe Me" b/w "Back in the Hills" (Fantasy F-710). It was a commercial flop, failing to make the Hot 100 in the U.S., though "You Don't Owe Me" was a minor hit in Canada, reaching No. 79. <mask> thereafter abandoned the "Blue Ridge Rangers" identity, and released all his subsequent work under his own name. In early 1974, <mask> released "Comin' Down The Road"—backed with the instrumental "Ricochet".His first official solo album, <mask>erty, was released in 1975. Sales were slim and legal problems delayed a follow-up, though it yielded "Rockin' All Over the World", a No. 27 hit for <mask> in the United States. In 1977, British boogie rockers Status Quo recorded their version of "Rockin' All Over the World", which became a huge hit and made the song world-famous. Status Quo played it at the opening of the 1985 Live Aid concert. In 1976, <mask> finished an album called Hoodoo. A single, "You Got the Magic" backed with "Evil Thing", preceded the album's release, but it performed poorly.The album, for which covers had already been printed, was rejected by Asylum Records a few weeks before its scheduled release, and <mask> agreed that it was not up to his usual high standards. <mask> told Asylum Records to destroy the master tapes for Hoodoo sometime in the 1980s. 1985–1997

After a hiatus of several years from the music industry, <mask>'s solo career re-emerged with 1985's Centerfield, his first album for Warner Bros. Records, which had taken co-ownership of Asylum's contract with <mask>. Centerfield went to the top of the charts and included a top-10 hit in "The Old Man Down the Road". The title track is frequently played on classic rock radio and at baseball games to this day, but the album led to legal problems for <mask>. Two songs on the album, "Zanz Kant Danz" and "Mr. Greed", were believed to be attacks on <mask>'s former boss at Fantasy Records, Saul Zaentz. "Zanz Kant Danz" was about a pig that cannot dance, but would "steal your money".When Zaentz responded with a lawsuit, <mask> issued a revised version: "Vanz Kant Danz" (changing the lead character's name to Vanz). Another lawsuit (Fantasy, Inc. v. <mask>) claimed that "The Old Man Down the Road" shared the same chorus as "Run Through the Jungle", a song from <mask>'s days with CCR to which Fantasy Records still owned the publishing rights. <mask> ultimately won his case when he proved that the two songs were distinct compositions and also that sounding like himself was not plagiarizing. <mask> then countersued for attorney fees (<mask> v. Fantasy). After losing in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, <mask> won his case in the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that a trial court has discretion in awarding fees to defendants or plaintiffs. On May 31, 1985, <mask> filmed a one-hour music and interview special for Showtime called <mask>'s All-Stars. The setlist consisted of rhythm and blues tunes from the 1960s, as well as material from the Centerfield LP and the song "No Love in You" written by Michael Anderson, which <mask> found on the Textones' debut album Midnight Mission and he later recorded with Textones' band leader Carla Olson.<mask>'s All-Stars was recorded in front of an audience of Warners Bros. Music employees and other invited guests at A&M Records on La Brea in Hollywood. The band included Albert Lee, Booker T. Jones, Duck Dunn, Steve Douglas, and Prairie Prince. The follow-up album to Centerfield was Eye of the Zombie in 1986, but it was significantly less successful than its predecessor. <mask> toured behind the album, but he refused to play any CCR material. Eye of the Zombie took on a darker mood, talking about a troubled society, terrorism, and pop stars selling out. For over 20 years after the Eye of the Zombie tour ended in late 1986, <mask> refused to play material from the album in concert. However, "Change in the Weather" was included in the setlist for his 2009 tour, and it was even re-recorded for that year's solo release, The Blue Ridge Rangers Rides Again.<mask> played CCR material again at a concert in Washington, D.C., for Vietnam veterans that took place on July 4, 1987. The show was aired on HBO. Aside from a guest appearance at the Palomino and performance at the 1986 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony, this was the first time <mask> had performed any Creedence Clearwater Revival songs for a large audience since 1972. On May 27, 1989, he played a set of CCR material at Oakland Coliseum for the Concert Against AIDS. His backing band that night consisted of Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir on guitars, Randy Jackson on bass, and Steve Jordan on drums. In 1990, <mask> died of complications from AIDS at the age of 48, specifically from a tuberculosis infection, having contracted HIV from blood transfusions during surgery for a back ailment. <mask> has mentioned that the darkest moments in his life were when his brother took the record company's side in their royalties dispute, and the fact that when his brother died, the two of them were barely speaking to each other.In fact, even in the brothers' very last conversation with each other, Tom at one point referred to Creedence Clearwater Revival's former manager Saul Zaentz as his "best friend". Given that Zaentz had swindled the band out of millions of dollars and had just recently attempted to sue <mask>, this revelation made it painfully difficult for <mask> to reconcile with Tom. In the eulogy he delivered at Tom's funeral, he said: "We wanted to grow up and be musicians. I guess we achieved half of that, becoming rock 'n roll stars. We didn't necessarily grow up." <mask> traveled to Mississippi in 1990 for inspiration, and visited the gravesite of blues legend <mask>. According to him, while there, he had the realization that <mask> was the true spiritual owner of his own songs, no matter what businessman owned the rights to them, thus <mask> decided to start making a new album and to perform his old CCR material regularly in concert.At this time, visiting the Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church cemetery, <mask> met Skip Henderson, a New Jersey vintage guitar dealer who had formed a nonprofit corporation, the Mt. Zion Memorial Fund, to honor <mask> with a memorial marker. <mask> subsequently funded headstones for Charlie Patton, James Son Thomas, Mississippi Joe Callicott, Eugene

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 Powell, and Lonnie Pitchford, and helped with financial arrangements for numerous others. Creedence Clearwater Revival was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. <mask> refused to perform with his former bandmates and fellow inductees Stu Cook and Doug Clifford during the musical portion of the induction ceremony. In place of the surviving members of CCR, <mask> recruited session musicians on drums and bass and was also joined by Bruce Springsteen and Robbie Robertson in performing three songs: "Who'll Stop the Rain", "Born on the Bayou", and "Green River".During the induction speech, Springsteen said, "As a songwriter, only a few did as much in three minutes [as <mask>]. He was an Old Testament, shaggy-haired prophet, a fatalist. Funny, too. He was severe, he was precise, he said what he had to say and he got out of there." 1997–present

<mask> returned to the commercial music industry in 1997 with Blue Moon Swamp. The layoff between Zombie and Swamp had been longer than his mid-1970s to mid-1980s break. The album was much more successful than Zombie and won the Grammy for best rock album in 1997.A live album, named Premonition, of the equally successful Blue Moon Swamp tour, was released to similar acclaim and good sales in 1998. A track from Blue Moon Swamp titled "Blue Moon Nights," was used in the 2002 film The Rookie. On October 1, 1998, <mask> was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 7000 Hollywood Blvd. In 2004, <mask> released Deja Vu All Over Again through DreamWorks Records, which had taken over distribution of <mask>'s Warner catalog. Rolling Stone wrote: "The title track is <mask>'s indictment of the Iraq War as another Vietnam, a senseless squandering of American lives and power". On the album, <mask> squeezed ten songs into only 34 minutes. The sale of Fantasy Records to Concord Records in 2004 ended the 30-year estrangement between <mask> and his former label, as the new owners took steps to restore royalty rights <mask> had given up to be released from his contract with Fantasy in the mid-1970s.In September 2005, <mask> returned to Fantasy Records, made possible when DreamWorks Records' noncountry-music unit was absorbed by Geffen Records, which dropped <mask>, but continued to distribute his earlier solo albums. The first album released under the new Fantasy contract was The Long Road Home (November 2005), a compilation CD combining his CCR hits with solo material. A live CD and concert DVD were released the following year. <mask>'s touring schedule increased in the period after Deja Vu All Over Again. In October 2004, <mask> appeared on the Vote for Change tour, playing seven of the concerts in U.S. swing states. He also appeared in a Christmas special video produced by the Australian children's group The Wiggles. <mask> toured with <mask>p in the summer of 2005 and with Willie Nelson in the summer of 2006.On June 29, 2006, he played his first headlining British concert since 1972, at the Hammersmith Apollo theater in London, as part of the European leg of the tour. During that leg, he also performed in Sundsvall, Sweden, where 25,000 people came to see him perform at the town square. On Thanksgiving Day of 2006, <mask> performed at halftime at the Miami Dolphins/Detroit Lions game and at the Denver Broncos/Kansas City Chiefs halftime later that evening. <mask> was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2005. In 2005, <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member B. B. King.On June 23, 2007, <mask> appeared at Glastonbury Festival, playing an hour-long set of 17 songs, mainly CCR classics. Introducing "Who'll Stop the Rain", <mask> said he did not perform it at Woodstock as rumored, but wrote the song inspired by the event. Revival was released October 2, 2007. Heavily promoted by the label, Revival debuted at No. 14 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart with sales about 65,000 copies in its first week. Revival was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Album of 2008, but lost to the Foo Fighters.On February 10, 2008, <mask> appeared with Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard on the Grammy Awards show. Along with these rock icons and his regular touring band, he played his 1973 single "Comin' Down The Road", leading into Lewis and Richard's performances of "Great Balls of Fire" and "Good Golly Miss Molly", respectively. On March 16, 2008, <mask> kicked off an Australian tour. On March 22 in Point Nepean, Australia, surprise guest Keith Urban joined <mask> on stage, performing two songs: "Broken Down Cowboy", off <mask>'s newest album Revival, and "Cotton Fields", from CCR's album Willy & the Poor Boys. On June 24, 2008, <mask> made a return to the Royal Albert Hall, a venue he last played with CCR in 1971. It was the last concert on his 2008 European tour. This concert was filmed (causing staging problems that annoyed some fans) and was released in 2009.On April 16, 2009, <mask> performed his hit "Centerfield" from center field of the new Yankee Stadium, at its opening-day festivities. On July 2, 3, and 4, 2009, <mask> performed with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl, which was sold out for these shows. Though billed as <mask> with the L.A. Philharmonic, the orchestra began the night with music by U.S. composers, and <mask> and his band came on after intermission,  playing only three songs with the orchestra. On August 31, 2009, <mask> released The Blue Ridge Rangers Rides Again, a sequel 1973 solo debut The Blue Ridge Rangers. The album includes a duet with Bruce Springsteen on the 1960 Everly Brothers classic "When Will I Be Loved?". In addition, Don Henley and Timothy B. Schmit of Eagles sang with <mask> on a cover of Ricky Nelson's 1972 classic "Garden Party". The album was the first issued on <mask>'s own label Fortunate Son Records, which is distributed by the Verve Forecast Records unit of Universal Music Group and also handles the Fogerty/CCR Fantasy catalogue.On October 29, 2009, <mask> appeared at Madison Square Garden for the first night of the celebratory 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame concerts. Bruce Springsteen, with the E Street Band, called <mask> out to play three songs with them. "Fortunate Son" was their first song, followed by "Proud Mary", and finally the duo tried their take on Roy Orbison's "Pretty Woman". The show aired as a four-hour special on HBO on November 29, 2009. On November 3, 2009, <mask> released the Royal Albert Hall DVD entitled Comin' Down The Road, named after his 1973 single, which he performed at this concert. <mask> was also nominated for a Grammy Award at the 2010 Grammys. He was nominated for the Best Rock Solo Vocal Performance Grammy for the song "Change in the Weather", which he recorded for The Blue Ridge Rangers Rides Again.For his songwriting achievements, <mask> was honored as a Broadcast Music Incorporated Icon at the 58th annual BMI Pop Awards on May 18, 2010. BMI Icons are selected because of their "unique and indelible influence on generations of music makers." <mask> began recording Wrote a Song for Everyone in 2011, which was released on Vanguard Records on May 28, 2013, his 68th birthday. The album is a collection of classics and tracks from his canon of hits performed with other artists. The album includes two new Fogerty-penned songs. On November 17, 2011, <mask> performed on the Late Show with David Letterman. On November 17 and 18, <mask>'s Factory in Atlantic City on November 20).He was also featured on the CBS coverage of the Thanksgiving Day Parade, performing several prerecorded songs. In January 2012, <mask>'s new song "Swamp Water" debuted over the opening credits of the new Fox TV series The Finder. <mask> wrote the song for the show and guest-starred in its debut episode. On November 12, 2012, <mask> announced that he was writing his memoirs, and that the book was expected to be released in 2015. During the 2014 Veterans Days celebration, "Salute to the Troops" at the White House, <mask> performed for many veterans. On February 21, 2015, he was a featured artist for the National Hockey League stadium series game between the Los Angeles Kings and the San Jose Sharks at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California. In October 2015, <mask> published his autobiography, Fortunate Son (Little, Brown & Co.).In September 2017, <mask> signed a new recording contract with BMG Rights Management, which will cover an upcoming album and his solo catalogue. In November 2019, <mask> appeared on Public Broadcasting Station pledge week with "<mask>erty: My 50 Year Trip", a taped performance from Red Rocks Amphitheater, Colorado. His most recent performance was at the Winstar in Thackerville, Oklahoma, on December 31, 2019. The remaining performances of his current tour "My 50 Year Trip" have been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. While on lockdown during the pandemic in early 2020, <mask>, accompanied by sons Shane and Tyler and daughter Kelsy, began releasing performance videos of previously released originals and covers. Under the brand "Fogerty's Factory," the group performed remotely on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, NPR's Tiny Desk Concerts, and SiriusXM's Classic Vinyl station. Collecting seven songs from the remote performances, the <mask>'s Factory EP was released on May 28, 2020, coinciding with <mask>'s 75th birthday.A 12-track album edition featuring additional lockdown performances followed on November 20. <mask> performed backing vocals on "Scream and Shout," a single by his sons' band Hearty Har, released October 19, 2020. On January 6, 2021, <mask> released "Weeping in the Promised Land," a gospel-styled single, featuring sociopolitical commentary on Black Lives Matter, the COVID-19 pandemic, and Donald Trump. Current band members
Performers at the June 2019 Red Rocks Amphitheater show were:
<mask> - vocals, guitar, harmonica
<mask> - guitar, vocals
<mask> - vocals
Kenny Aronoff - drums
Bob Malone - keyboard
James Lomenzo - bass
Nate Collins - saxophone
Julian Dresler - trumpet
Adam Miller - trombone
Trysette Loosemore - back-up vocals
Lavone LB Seetal - back-up vocals

Personal life
<mask> married Martha Paiz in 1965 and had three children. They divorced in the 1970s. <mask> met Julie Kramer in 1986 while on tour in Indianapolis, Indiana. They married in Elkhart, Indiana, on April 20, 1991, and had two sons (Shane and Tyler) and a daughter (Kelsy).Kramer had a daughter, Lyndsay, from a previous marriage. , they live in Thousand Oaks, California. Sons Shane (guitar, vocals) and Tyler (vocals) now appear with their father in concert. All three of his youngest children appear in his YouTube channel videos. <mask> has a granddaughter who has also appeared in online videos with him. Political views
<mask> is a lifelong liberal Democrat. In his lyrics, <mask> has lampooned many Republicans, including Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.<mask> participated in the Vote for Change tour in support of <mask>'s 2004 presidential bid against George W. Bush. In 2015, <mask> threw his support behind Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, saying, "[L]iberals tend to have the little guy in mind." However, he also expressed a liking for Donald Trump's "rebelliousness" and the appearance that Trump "can't be bought" due to his vast wealth. Despite his personal views, <mask> has attracted high-profile conservative fans, including Bush, Donald Trump, and Rush Limbaugh. Trump frequently used "Fortunate Son" during his 2020 reelection campaign, prompting Fogerty to issue a cease-and-desist letter. During an episode of his radio show, Limbaugh expressed his love of <mask>'s music, saying: "I love Creedence. I love <mask>.He probably hates me. But I love <mask>. I just loved them. The talent they had. They were on one of those two- or three-year rolls where their creativity was limitless. It knew no bounds." Discography

The Blue Ridge Rangers (1973)
<mask>erty (1975)
Hoodoo (1976 - unreleased)
Centerfield (1985)
Eye of the Zombie (1986)
Blue Moon Swamp (1997)
Deja Vu All Over Again (2004)
Revival (2007)
The Blue Ridge Rangers Rides Again (2009)
Wrote a Song for Everyone (2013)
Fogerty's Factory (2020)

References

Further reading

External links

 Official website
 Private site about <mask> Clearwater Revival members
Grammy Award winners
Lead guitarists
Military personnel from California
Musicians from Berkeley, California
Musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Contra Costa County, California
Singer-songwriters from California
United States Army soldiers
Guitarists from California
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American

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<mask> (; 18 May 1935 – 9 August 2019) was a Canadian philosopher and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Known especially for his work on philosophical skepticism, he wrote about David Hume, Ludwig Wittgenstein, the metaphysics of color, and many other topics. Biography
<mask> was born on 18 May 1935 in Toronto, Canada. He was the second of two sons to William and <mask> (who were both born in the U.K. but emigrated to Canada as children). He attended high school at the East York Collegiate. Academic career
Stroud received a B.A. in philosophy from the University of Toronto in 1958.At Harvard University he received an A.M. in 1960. With a thesis titled Two Conventionalistic Theories Of Logical Truth, written under the direction of Morton White, he received his Ph.D. there in 1962. From 1961, until his retirement, Stroud worked at the University of California, Berkeley. He was made a full professor there in 1974 and, from 1994, served as the Mills Professor of Metaphysics and Epistemology. In 2007 he was named Willis S. and Marion Slusser Professor of Philosophy in the Berkeley Philosophy Department, a position he held until he retired as Professor Emeritus. Though officially retiring at the end of the 2015-2016 academic year, he continued his research, teaching and advising as a Professor of the Graduate School. During his tenure he had served as departmental Chair from 1978 to 1981, 1984 to 1985, and in 1998.Stroud was a Visiting Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oslo (1974), at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (1979), and at the University of California, Los Angeles (1983-1984, and 1997). In 1981 Stroud was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship. and spent a sabbatical year in Venice. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences in 1987, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy in 1993. Over 1986-1987, as a visiting fellow of New College and All Souls College, Stroud gave the John Locke Lectures at Oxford University under the title 'The Quest for Reality.' He also delivered the Gareth Evans Memorial Lecture at Oxford and Whitehead Lectures at Harvard. To the American Philosophical Association, which he served as Pacific Division President in 1995–1996, he gave the Dewey Lecture in 2008 and the Patrick Romanell Lecture in 2009.Stroud also delivered the Tanner Lectures on Human Values at the University of Buenos Aires in 1988. He would return to Brazil, where several of his works have been translated into Portuguese and discussed in print, most recently in 2014 to participate in the 16th ANPOF conference in Campos do Jordão,

Philosophical work
Stroud's first book Hume (1977), which received positive reviews from R. F. Atkinson in Hume Studies and Donald W. Livingston amongst others, won the Matchette Prize in 1979. It would be followed, in 1984, by The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism and, in 1999, by The Quest for Reality: Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour. Stroud's Engagement and Metaphysical Dissatisfaction: Modality and Value was published in 2011. 2011 would also see the publication of the first book-length critical treatment of Stroud's thought, The Possibility of Philosophical Understanding: Reflections on the Thought of <mask>. It included essay contributions from Robert Fogelin, Ernest Sosa, John McDowell, <mask> and UC Berkeley colleague Hannah Ginsborg amongst others. Some of the central themes of his philosophical work are interpreted and elaborated upon in the volume editors' introduction to that work.Several collections of Stroud's essays would also be published in his lifetime, the last of these appearing in 2018. Death
Having been diagnosed with advanced stage brain cancer just two months prior, <mask> died on 9 August 2019. Announcing his death, Berkeley Philosophy Department recorded that: His body of work, his influence on generations of students, his imprint on the character of our department, the example that he set of the purest philosophical inquiry — all of it is beyond reckoning. As hard as it is to imagine what philosophy at Berkeley will be like without him, it is even harder to imagine what it would have been. A memorial by former student, and fellow philosopher, John Schwenkler was published by 3 Quarks Daily on 19 August 2019. Obituaries in the Berkeley News and The Daily Californian followed shortly after. Bibliography

Books

(1977) Hume (Arguments of the Philosophers) Routledge.[available for loan on Internet Archive]
 (1984) The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism. Oxford University Press. .
 (1999) The Quest for Reality: Subjectivism and the Metaphysics of Colour. Oxford University Press. .
 (2000) Understanding Human Knowledge: Philosophical Essays. Oxford University Press. .
 (2000) Meaning, Understanding, and Practice: Philosophical Essays. Oxford University Press. .
 (2011) Engagement and Metaphysical Dissatisfaction: Modality and Value. Oxford University Press. .
 (2011) Philosophers Past and Present: Selected Essays. Oxford University Press. .
 (2018) Seeing, Knowing, Understanding: Philosophical Essays.Oxford University Press. Select articles/chapters
Open access/free (or free to borrow/read online with registration)
 (1965) Wittgenstein and Logical Necessity (1965). Reprinted in: A Priori Knowledge, Oxford 1987 [Book available for loan at Open Library]
(1968) Transcendental Arguments The Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 65, No. 9 (May 2, 1968), pp. 241–256
(1980) Berkeley v. Locke on Primary Qualities Philosophy, Vol. 55, No.212 (Apr., 1980), pp. 149–166 [Available to read online free with registration at JSTOR]
(1984) The Problem of the External World Chapter I of The Significance of Philosophical Skepticism (1984)
(1984) The Disappearing ‘We’, Jonathan Lear, <mask>, Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, Volume 58, Issue 1, 1 July 1984, pp. 219–258,
(1984) G. E. Moore and Scepticism: ‘Internal’ and ‘External, Chapter III of The Significance of Philosophical Scepticism
(1985) An End to Anxiety: Review of four books on Wittgenstein, The London Review of Books 18 July 1985
(1987) XV—The Physical World, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 87, Issue 1, 1 June 1987, pp. 263–277
(1988)  The Study of Human Nature and the Subjectivity of Value, The Tanner Lectures on Human Values. (1994) Philosophical Scepticism, Ernest Sosa, <mask>d Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 68 (1994), pp. 263–307 Archived PDF
(1996) The Charm of Naturalism, Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 70 (2):43 - 55 (1996) [DOC download at Phil Archive]
(2008) Modes of philosophizing: A round table debate with Jonathan Barnes, Myles Burnyeat and Raymond Geuss, Eurozine, May 2008
(2011) Feelings and the Ascription of Feelings, Teorema, January 2011 pp.25–33, [Available for download at journal's Teorema Volume 30 archives]
(2016) Responses to Sceptical Essays Sképsis, , ANO VII, Nº 14, 2016, p. 218-233. (the 'Sceptical Essays' responded to form the volume of Sképsis that this reply paper closes, all of which can also be found Open Access here)

Full publications list: at UC Berkeley homepage. See also
Canadian philosophy
List of Canadian philosophers

References

External links
 <mask> on Scepticism, Philosophy Bites podcast interview, December 16, 2007
 Stroud in conversation with Donald Davidson on skepticism, video (1997)

Epistemologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Corresponding Fellows of the British Academy
People from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Canadian philosophers
Wittgensteinian philosophers
1935 births
2019 deaths

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