texts:
<mask> (born Odenke Abbey; 7 September 1968) is a French former professional footballer, widely considered to be among the greatest centre-backs and defensive midfielders to ever play football. During a successful career at club level, lasting from 1986 to 2006, Desailly won several titles, including UEFA Champions League medals with both Marseille and AC Milan, and also played for Nantes and Chelsea, among other teams. At international level, he collected 116 caps between 1993 and 2004, scoring 3 goals, and was a member of the France international squads that won the 1998 World Cup and Euro 2000. Club career
<mask> was born as Odenke Abbey on 7 September 1968 in Accra, Ghana, the son of Ghanaian parents. He had his name changed when his mother married the head of the French Consulate in Accra, who adopted all of her children (the former professional footballer Seth Adonkor, seven years his elder, was a half-brother of his). The family relocated to France when <mask> was four years old. Following Adonkor's lead, he began his career at FC Nantes.There, as part of the famed FC Nantes youth programme, he played alongside a young Didier Deschamps, who became his closest friend. Desailly turned professional in 1986, two years after his half-brother had died in a car accident. In 1992, he moved to Olympique de Marseille, where he reunited with Deschamps, and won the UEFA Champions League the following year. In 1994, while playing for AC Milan, he again won the Cup (scoring in the final himself), being the first player to win the Cup in consecutive seasons with different clubs. During his time in Milan he won two Italian league titles, in 1994 and 1996. Although he preferred to be deployed as a sweeper or centre-back, roles which he played during his time in France, he found much success playing as a defensive midfielder for Milan, alongside Demetrio Albertini, due to the presence of several other established centre-backs at the club, such as Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta and Filippo Galli. <mask> then moved to the English club Chelsea in 1998 for £4.6 million, where he captained the side and played sweeper and centre-back until the end of the 2003–04 season.It was at Chelsea that Desailly formed a formidable partnership with Frank Leboeuf. He picked up one major trophy in his six seasons with Chelsea, being on the winning side in their FA Cup triumph over Aston Villa in 2000. <mask> was snapped up by Qatari outfit Al-Gharafa in 2004. He was appointed as the club captain and under the French coach Bruno Metsu they won the Qatar League in 2005. He then joined Qatar S.C., leading them to second place in the league before retiring from professional football. In 2014, <mask> had met the Football Association of Malaysia and said he was ready and willing to coach the Malaysia national team. He also pointed that it was up to the football association whether to hire him or not.International career
<mask> has often said that he feels totally French and while having ties with Ghana, never even considered playing for a country other than France. During an interview in Ghana, he stated that he did not have much choice about which country to play for as he was already established in the French national youth football team. This stance was restated in his autobiography, published in 2002. He made his international debut in 1993, but was not established as a first choice defender until 1996. He was an important part of the French team which won the 1998 FIFA World Cup, albeit being sent off in the final match. Like other team members, he was appointed a Knight of the Legion of Honour in 1998. Two years later success continued, as France won Euro 2000.After the tournament, <mask> was made captain of the national team, following the retirement of Didier Deschamps. In 2001, he led France to victory in the Confederations Cup. In April 2003, <mask> surpassed the record for the number of appearances for the French team, a number which eventually reached 116 when he announced his retirement from international football following 2004 UEFA European Football Championship. However, that record was broken during the 2006 FIFA World Cup by Lilian Thuram. Style of play
Nicknamed "The Rock", due to his consistency, strength, and hard-tackling playing style, <mask> is considered one of the most accomplished players of his generation, and one of the finest French defenders ever, who stood out for his charismatic leadership and ability to organise his team's back-line and break down opposition plays throughout his career. A quick, hard-working, tenacious, and powerful player, who excelled in the air and at anticipating his opponents, he combined his aggression, stamina, and ability to read the game, as well as his physical, mental, and defensive skills, with a notable confidence and good technique on the ball, which also allowed him to play in midfield throughout his career; indeed, after moving to Milan, although he initially started out playing as a centre-back or sweeper, and occasionally even as a full-back, he was later deployed as a defensive midfielder, a position in which he also excelled, successfully filling the void left by the departure of Frank Rijkaard due his ball-winning abilities and capacity to start attacking plays after winning back possession. In addition to his defensive skills, he was also capable of contributing to his team's offensive plays with goals by making attacking runs into the box.In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 as one of the world's greatest living players. Legacy
<mask> is currently residing in Ghana. He is currently a Laureus Academy member and OrphanAid Africa Lifetime ambassador to Ghana and France (since 2005). He was mentioned as a possible candidate for the coaching position of the Ghana national team. He has since then pulled out of the race to coach the Ghana National Team, although the option is likely to keep coming up. He has opened (June 2011) a sports facility in Ghana called Lizzy Sports Complex, in memory of his late mother, geared to young players and children in particular. Many African National teams use the centre to camp and prepare for international tournaments.Post-playing career

<mask>'s autobiography, Capitaine, was published in France by Stock in 2002. Media work
Following retirement, Desailly became a pundit for BBC Sport predominantly giving his opinion from the touchline at both half time and full-time as opposed to residing in the studio with Alan Hansen, Alan Shearer and Martin O'Neill. He worked for BBC Sport in the United Kingdom during the 2006 World Cup, as one of their Match of the Day analysts. He also worked for BBC Sport at the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations and Euro 2008 and is a regular commentator for French television channel Canal Plus. He also became a spokesperson for sports betting website Betclic. In 2010 <mask> joined the ITV Sport team for their World Cup coverage from South Africa. Charity work
<mask> is a supporter of the 1GOAL Education for All campaign.He is also the UNICEF national Goodwill Ambassador for Ghana. He is the Lifetime Goodwill Ambassador for his personal Charity OrphanAid Africa, that helps abandoned children in Ghana. He is a member of the Laureus Sports for Good Foundation. Licensed merchandise
A mobile video game entitled Marcel Desailly Pro Soccer, developed by Gameloft was released for mobile phones in 2003. Desailly is an ICON in FIFA 21 Ultimate Team, with ratings of 87 (base), 88 (mid), 91 (prime), and 92 (Prime Icon Moments). Personal life
<mask> is a member of the Ga ethnic group. He is married to Virginie and has four children.His nephew James Édouard Adams is a semi-professional footballer. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Desailly goal. Honours
Marseille
UEFA Champions League: 1992–93

AC Milan
Serie A: 1993–94, 1995–96
Supercoppa Italiana: 1994
UEFA Champions League: 1993–94
European Super Cup: 1994

Chelsea
FA Cup: 1999–2000
FA Charity Shield: 2000
UEFA Super Cup: 1998

Al-Gharafa
Qatar Stars League: 2004–05

France
FIFA World Cup: 1998
UEFA European Championship: 2000
FIFA Confederations Cup: 2001, 2003

Individual
Overseas Team of the Decade – Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992/93 – 2001/02)
Overall Team of the Decade – Premier League 10 Seasons Awards (1992/93 – 2001/02)
UEFA Euro 1996 Team of the Tournament
FIFA XI: 1996
1998 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team
UEFA Euro 2000 Team of the Tournament
FIFA 100: 2004
Trophée d'honneur UNFP: 2005
AC Milan Hall of Fame
Golden Foot Legends Award: 2017

Orders
Knight of the Legion of Honour: 1998

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links

Chelsea legend profile

1968 births
Living people
Ga-Adangbe people
A.C. Milan players
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Chelsea F.C. players
FC Nantes players
FIFA Century Club
FIFA 100
Association football midfielders
Association football defenders
France international footballers
French adoptees
Ghanaian emigrants to France
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Italy
French expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
French footballers
Ghanaian footballers
Olympique de Marseille players
Sportspeople from Accra
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
Serie A players
UEFA Euro 1996 players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
Al-Gharafa SC players
UEFA Euro 2000 players
2001 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2003 FIFA Confederations Cup players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
FIFA Confederations Cup-winning players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Qatar SC players
Qatar Stars League players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Black French sportspeople
Footballers from Brittany
Sportspeople from Nantes
FA Cup Final players

masks:
Marcel Desailly
Marcel Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Marcel Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly
Desailly


type: original

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<mask>.L.S., F.R.H.S. (1 May 1868 – 13 November 1907), was a member of the <mask> family who were distinguished horticulturists and nursery-men for over a century. Early days
<mask> was born at Chelsea, London, the elder son of <mask> (1839–1870)  and his wife Jane Hodge. His father died of tuberculosis shortly after he was born and the family nursery based in Chelsea was afterwards managed by his uncle, Harry. He was educated at Crawford College, Maidenhead, and in technical subjects in Germany and France, beginning work at the Chelsea, London branch of the family nursery in 1885. He was elected fellow of the Linnean Society in 1889 and was also a fellow of the Royal Horticultural Society. Plant collecting
In October 1891 he embarked on a tour of inspection of the great Botanic and Public Gardens maintained by governments in various centres as well as visiting many private horticultural establishments, to endeavour whether the Veitch gardens might be enriched by further additions.He set off by way of Rome and Naples to Ceylon, thence overland from Tuticorin to Lahore. He continued to Calcutta and on to the Straits Settlements. In Penang he visited the Botanic Gardens, whose curator Charles Curtis was formerly employed by James Veitch & Sons as a plant collector, before moving on to Singapore where he visited the Botanic Gardens. He then visited Johore, before returning to Singapore in February 1892, when he climbed Bukit Timah (the highest point on the island) with Walter Fox, curator of the Gardens. He then travelled to Buitenzorg, West Java where he visited the Botanical Gardens. He also explored the crater of Kawah Papandajan (volcano), and visited Lake Bagendit near Garoet. His travels then took him to Japan, where he met Charles Sprague Sargent of the Arnold Arboretum, and they undertook a joint plant collecting expedition including ascending the Hakkōda Mountains together.After visiting Korea, he reached Australia in 1893. However he found Australia disappointing and wrote that it was easier to collect seed in Japan where there was cheap labour; in Australia "no one will help". He complained that the seeds of many plants "were so tiny he did not know if he was collecting seed or dust". He sent to Kew a collection of dried specimens of 250 species from Western Australia. Later he visited the North Island of New Zealand, before returning to England in July 1893. Among the results of his journey was the introduction of the large winter-cherry, Physalis alkekengi franchetii. He also re-introduced Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Vitis coignetiae.A series of letters on the gardens visited during the journey was printed in the "Gardener’s Chronicle" (March 1892 – Dec 1894), and privately printed collectively as "A Traveller’s Notes" in 1896. Veitch Nurseries
In 1898 the firm of James Veitch & Sons was formed into a limited company, of which Veitch became managing director. One of the first steps taken by the company, in accordance with the firm’s earlier practice, was to send out Ernest Henry Wilson to China and Tibet to collect plants. The business proved too much for <mask>, and he suffered a nervous breakdown. He became withdrawn and eccentric, offended customers, and business began to decline. After his death at only 39 years of age, his brother John succeeded to the Chelsea business. He also did not have the ability to run the business successfully, and his uncle Sir <mask> returned to take over control and put the business back on track.Following John's death in October 1914 at the age of 45, Sir Harry (who was knighted in 1912) closed the business. <mask> died of paralysis at Exeter on 13 November 1907, and was buried there. He had been married in 1898 to Lucy Elizabeth Wood, who survived him without issue. Hortus <mask>i
In 1906 <mask>, assisted by various members of his family, prepared for private distribution, under the title of Hortus Veitchii. It is a sumptuous history of the firm and its collectors, illustrated with portraits. The botanical nomenclature was revised by George Nicholson, curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. This book was a study of the history of the botanical plant collecting explorers and hybridists, working for the nurseries of Robert Veitch and Son, Exeter and James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea during the period of 1840 to 1906.The book detailed the 1500 plants the business had introduced and their origins and the lengths its collectors went to secure them (the Veitch nurseries were the first to employ professional plant-hunters). The limited edition volumes were not for general consumption but gifts to libraries, universities, botanists and prestigious customers. Copies of the 1906 edition are now extremely rare and achieve prices of up to £1000. In 2006, Exeter horticulturist Caradoc Doy, an authority on the Veitch Nursery, re-published a facsimile of this seminal work to mark its centenary. Doy went to great lengths to ensure the authenticity of the book. He meticulously sourced a thick, slightly yellowy paper to mirror the Victorian original and even had a special brass stamping plate made to replicate the cover embossing. Hortus Veitchii is an essential reference for plants introduced during the Victorian era, listing many which are still available from nurseries today and therefore helping gardeners to accurately replicate historic gardens within that period.This is also important for those wishing to preserve rare plants introduced to Britain at that time, as well as being a fascinating historical account of Victorian plant collecting. References

External links
Versions of "Hortus Veitchii" on-line at American Libraries website
Dictionary of National Biography. Edited by Sidney Lee. Second Supplement. Volume 3. (Published by Adamant Media Corporation) Page 555
Publications by <mask> Veitch on www.amazon.co.uk
Details of re-publication of "Hortus Veitchii"
The Production of Hortus Veitchii

English horticulturists
1868 births
1907 deaths
People from Chelsea, London
Veitch Nurseries
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London

masks:
James Herbert Veitch F
Veitch
James
John Gould Veitch
James
Harry Veitch
James
Veitchi
Veitch
James Herbert


texts:
<mask> (born 25 May 1953) is an Argentine former professional footballer who played as a centre back, and former manager of the Argentina and Uruguay national football teams. He was captain of the Argentina team that won the 1978 World Cup. He was president of the River Plate sports club for four years after winning the elections by a very close margin in December 2009. Considered the greatest South American defender of all time, <mask> was also a proficient goalscorer; at one point he was football's top scoring defender, with 134 goals in 451 matches, a record subsequently broken by Dutch defender Ronald Koeman. In 2004, <mask> was named one of the 125 Greatest Living Footballers at a FIFA Awards Ceremony. In 2007, The Times placed him at number 36 in their list of the 50 hardest footballers in history. In 2017 he has been included in the FourFourTwo list of the 100 all-time greatest players, at the 56th position.Club career

<mask> was born in Chacabuco, Buenos Aires Province. He started his career at Sarmiento of Junin, Buenos Aires province. From there he joined River Plate, where he became one of the best Argentinian defenders of his period, and started to be chosen in the Argentinian national team. After his good performances at the 1982 World Cup, in 1982 he joined Fiorentina of Italy, where he scored the goal record for a defender in one season (11 in 1986) in the Italian Serie A; his record remained until 2001, when he was beaten by Marco Materazzi. In 1986, he joined Internazionale, where he ended his Italian playing career in 1988. After his successful spell in the Serie A, he returned to River Plate, where he played until his retirement. He was called "El Gran Capitán" (the Great Captain, nickname of Argentine independence hero José de San Martín),"El Kaiser" (an allusion to Franz Beckenbauer) or "El Caudillo" (the Chief) because of his leadership ability, his passion, and his organisational prowess on the field.He was a defender who often joined the attack, and helped generate and finish offensive plays. He was the top scoring defender, with 134 goals in 451 matches, a record since broken by Dutch defender Ronald Koeman. His aerial game was effective both defensively and in attack. He scored frequent headers in spite of his average height (1.73 m). He was an excellent free kick and penalty shooter. He was also noted for using his elbows against rivals whilst managing to avoid the referee's gaze. <mask> and Chilean Elías Figueroa are considered the best South America defenders.International career
One of the pillars of the Argentine national team, he eventually captained the side during the 1978 World Cup held in Argentina. He was the first Argentine player to hold the World Cup, as it was handed to him first when Argentina won the final. During the qualifying rounds of the 1986 World Cup, <mask> contributed to the goal which ensured Argentina's qualification in the final minutes of their match against Peru by allowing teammate Ricardo Gareca to score. A bout of enterocolitis meant that he missed the 1986 World Cup in Mexico. He was replaced in the first team by defender José Luis Brown. <mask> had a fractious relationship with captain Diego Maradona and coach Carlos Bilardo during the tournament; he later claimed Bilardo and Maradona made sure that he was sidelined. Even so, by being a part of the squad, he became the only player to feature in both Argentina's World Cup-winning teams.Coaching career

After his playing days were over, he became the coach of River Plate, where he won several national titles. Appointed as coach of the Argentine national team to replace Alfio Basile, Passarella was coach during the qualification games for the 1998 World Cup and during the competition itself, which was held in France. Passarella held to close friend Américo Gallego as assistant coach. Passarella had banned long hair, earrings and homosexuals in his squad, leading to disputes with several players. Fernando Redondo and Claudio Caniggia eventually refused to play for Passarella and were excluded from the squad. Argentina's performances never reached the expected heights, and the team was eliminated in the quarter-finals after a last minute 2–1 defeat to the Netherlands. After the elimination, <mask> left the post and was replaced by Marcelo Bielsa.<mask> then became coach of Uruguay, but he left the post during the qualifying games for the 2002 FIFA World Cup, after having problems summoning players from Uruguayan sides. After that episode, <mask> had a brief and unsuccessful period as coach of Parma in Italy in 2001, where he was sacked after five successive losses. In 2003, he won the Mexican football league title with the team C.F. Monterrey. In March 2004, he was named by Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers. He was then hired as coach of Corinthians in Brazil, but was fired after a few months after a spell of bad results. On 9 January 2006, he was appointed River Plate coach again after 12 years to occupy the vacancy left by Reinaldo Merlo's sudden departure.On 15 November 2007, he resigned as coach after River was beaten by penalties by Arsenal de Sarandí in the semi-finals of the 2007 Copa Sudamericana. In the summer of 2018, after publicly expressing interest in returning he was widely seen as the frontrunner to become the new manager of CF Monterrey for a second stint after the departure of Antonio Mohamed but the club ultimately decided to appoint Diego Alonso. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Argentina's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Passarella goal. Monterrey managers
Expatriate football managers in Mexico
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico

masks:
Daniel Alberto Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella
Passarella


texts:
<mask> is an Irish novelist and poet. An award winner for his short fiction, he joined BBC television drama as a story editor, and wrote screenplays for The Professionals, and for American television. He wrote the template Irish police drama series, The Burke Enigma, starring Donal McCann, and Love Is, starring Gabriel Byrne, and went on to write and direct a number of television programmes, among them The Beach Boys Today, a film that marked the band's 30th anniversary. He has published several novels and has written biographies of Sean Connery, Anthony Hopkins and Richard Harris. His biography of Robert Redford (Robert Redford: The Biography; Knopf, 2011) was chosen by the Sunday Times as one of its recommended Best Books of 2011. In 2013, he published his second volume of poetry, An Argument for Sin. <mask> was born to <mask>, an engineer, and Margaret (née <mask>) in Drumcondra, Dublin.After living in London, <mask> resettled in Dublin with his wife Ree and their two children. He frequently spends time at Châteauneuf de Grasse, where he paints and sculpts. Poetry
<mask> started writing in his teens, publishing poetry in David Marcus' New Irish Writing. His first collection, Fifty Fingers (which includes his first poem, Barbara), was published in 2003. His second volume of poetry, An Argument for Sin, was published in 2013. Callan describes the work as "a memoir in poetry, much influenced by Yeats' A Vision and Poe's Eureka." The book comprises poems written between 2003 and 2013.Books

<mask> won the Hennessy Literary Award for his short story, Baccy, and was anthologised in Best Irish Short Stories (Elek, London, 1978). Thereafter he diversified widely, publishing fiction and non-fiction. Callan wrote a series of British television adaptation novels of differing genres, including Capital City (ITV), Target: The Bronze Heist (Target), Sweet Sixteen and Jockey School (all BBC), and the novel Lovers and Dancers, set in Ireland during the famine. Lovers and Dancers was inspired by Anthony Trollope's early writing and was reissued by Random House in the mid-1990s. In 2002, Callan published Did You Miss Me?, a novel exploring difficult female themes which was issued in a revised version in 2014. Callan has written biographies of Sean Connery, Anthony Hopkins, and longtime friend Richard Harris. The Connery book was referred to as "a necessity for Connery and Bond fans" by the Los Angeles Times and is the sole reference work on Connery quoted in Albert "Cubby" Broccoli's autobiography.A new edition, revised and updated to cover Connery's formal retirement, was published by Nouveau Monde Editions, Paris, in March 2012. For fifteen years from the mid-nineties, <mask> travelled throughout the United States interviewing more than 300 sources for Robert Redford: The Biography (Knopf, 2011). The book was written with the co-operation of Redford, who traveled to Ireland to work with <mask> and provided access to his diaries, scripts and personal records. In the course of its preparation, <mask> spent extensive time with many of Redford's key collaborators. Entertainment Weekly selected Robert Redford: The Biography as one of its 10 Best Movie Books of 2011. Robert Redford: The Biography was published in mass market paperback by Vintage Books in 2012. Writing for radio and television
<mask> began writing for radio at the outset of his career.He adapted The Dead Secret by Wilkie Collins and Scales of Justice by Dame Ngaio Marsh for RTÉ Radio, and wrote the original plays The Train and Tripp. He contributed more than 20 plays to the Dan Treston-produced series Treasure House, dramatising the lives of scientists and artists from Johannes Kepler to Edgar Allan Poe and H.G. Wells. <mask>'s first screenplay was the crime series The Burke Enigma, a six-hour film production for RTÉ, which starred Ray McAnally and Donal McCann, and went forward as RTÉ's drama entry for the 1979 Prix Italia. According to <mask>, this work was "influenced by the film noir I loved as a kid, and by Robert Altman's (filming) style." Subsequently, <mask> joined BBC television drama in London, where he story-edited the detective series Shoestring. Simultaneously, at ITV, he wrote for the action series The Professionals.In the 1980s, <mask> collaborated with Frederick Forsyth on Public Broadcasting Service-aired adaptations of Forsyth's stories Privilege and A Careful Man (Mobil Showcase). Collaborating with Anthony Shaffer, <mask> was commissioned in 1987 by HBO to write The Negotiator, based on a treatment by Forsyth. The series was announced but never filmed and Forsyth later redeveloped the outline into a novel. He was commissioned to write a two part episode for the BBC of Doctor Who (entitled "The Children of January"). This was in final revision when the series was suspended under Jonathan Nathan-Turner's tenure as producer in 1985. On his website, <mask> responded to an enquiry on this subject thus:I wrote a two-parter called The Children of January. It was to be a season closer, not a series termination.But the BBC decided in mid-season that the show had run its course and, in the middle eighties, I think they were right. But I loved my episode, which was delivered late in 1985. I created a race of runaway proto-humans called the Z'ros, sort of 'human bees', of which I still have the fondest nightmares. The Children of January, incidentally, refers to renegade outcasts of a dawning "parallel universe" civilisation that was abandoned. In 2011, Callan wrote and produced Channel 4's Sounds from the Cities. The series was presented by actor Mathew Horne, and featured live performances from Imelda May, K.T. Tunstall, Jon Fratelli, Joy Formidable and Gruff Rhys of Super Furry Animals.About Doctor Who: The Children of JanuaryCallan's other production ideas
The story features the Doctor and Peri in the TARDIS, land on a desert planet that's conquered by the unmerciful Z’ros. Peri complains that the planet they are on is no fun for her, so the Doctor tries to essentially take her to another planet, but the Z’ros army catches them and the leader of the Z’ros commands them to kill the travelers. The leader of ‘The Children of January’-the outcasts, convinces the Z’ros leader to release the travelers and spare their lives. The Doctor tells Peri to remain in the time machine to keep an eye on the TARDIS, while the Doctor walks with the outcast leader, and the leader explains what happened on the planet they are standing on now. ‘The Children of January’ were a poor race whilst there planet was drying up and nobody could save it. The Z’ros realized that the poor alien villagers were useless to live, and a space ship fleet of them killed almost every one. The Doctor heads back to the where his ship landed, all the sudden, a Z’ros laser cannon was attacking the TARDIS.The Doctor tells the Z’ros commander to stop and negotiate the war problem. The Z’ros commander, however, enforces the Doctor to surrender, then he tricks them and gets to his ship. Peri recovers, and the Doctor and Peri plan on exploding the Z’ros ship, and leave the Z’ros stranded on the planet. The Z’ros guards tell the leader and everyone to quickly escape the ship. The Doctor tells the Z’ros leader to now make peace with the outcasts in order help the planet thrive. The Doctor and Peri then go about travels again. (<note>-Also a fan theory considered.)Production

Callan commissioned the story on February 5, 1985, and the story was to be directed by EastEnders director Bob Gabriel, who was new for the show. The intended transmission for the story was considered on February 13-March 6, 1986. However, on February 27, 1985, it was announced on BBC news's that the production of Doctor Who was to be suspended on a 18-month hiatus until Spring of 1986. The production team also had rework the episode format from two-part, forty five minute episodes to four-part, twenty five minute episodes, but the story was dropped when it was decided that Trial of a Time-Lord was considered to have fourteen episodic parts with twenty five minutes instead. Failed Adaptations

Originally, Big Finish Productions planned on adapting “The Children of January”, but these plans were ultimately dropped due to Callan's other commitments. Film and directing
Callan made a significant contribution to the regeneration of the film industry in Ireland during the 1980s. Joining Morgan O'Sullivan's pioneering production set-up, Tara Productions, Callan collaborated in a strategy to acquire the defunct National Film Studios (as Ardmore Studios was then named), alter film investment law and attract Hollywood-based co-production into Ireland.Ardmore Studios was bought in partnership with the NEA and MTM Hollywood in November 1986. In the 1990s, <mask> started directing. His directorial debut was with the six-part series My Riviera, in which Roger Moore, James Coburn, Sylvia Kristel, Charles Aznavour and Joan Collins reviewed personal favourite places along the Côte d'Azur, an area Callan has frequented since the 1980s. The series was screened on ITV and throughout the world. In 1993 Callan wrote, produced and directed The Beach Boys Today, a co-production with RTÉ, documenting the final touring days of the Carl Wilson-led Beach Boys. He then made the documentary Back to Enchantment, about animators Gary Goldman and Don Bluth (An American Tail, Anastasia), which tied in with the release of Warner Bros' Thumbelina. In 1994 <mask> wrote, co-produced and co-directed Perry Como's final concert for PBS.Como, then in his 80th year, was unwell during the filming, but expressed himself exhilarated by the experience and later said that he had always wished to end his career in Ireland. After a decade working on the Redford project, in 2005 <mask> resumed directing with the film Luke Kelly: The Performer, which topped DVD charts in Ireland for eight weeks, achieving platinum sales status. According to Callan, the project was "a wonderful fusion, part biography, part musical. It covered so much of the ground I love, the poetic stuff that inspires me." In November 2010 <mask> co-founded an interactive television-based resource for new artists and musicians, BOBCOM. As part of its creative incentive scheme, in July 2011 Callan wrote and directed the two-day Magical History Tour event in Liverpool, culminating with a 7-hour live session from the Cavern Club streamed on YouTube. The event included a re-creation of The Beatles' 1967 magic bus tour and a re-creation of the day in July 1957 when John Lennon met Paul McCartney.Also in 2011, he produced and directed the start-up episodes of The 2UBE Live from LIPA (the Liverpool Institute for the Performing Arts), a student production that was streamed on YouTube. Painting
<mask>'s art, in watercolour, oils and bronze sculpture, has been exhibited by the Blue Leaf Gallery in Dublin. Irish Times art critic Aidan Dunne described his work as "a love affair with French painting", reflecting <mask>'s interest in L'École de Nice. <mask> started painting in Chateauneuf de Grasse in the South of France in the eighties and titled his first exhibition, staged at Dublin's Blue Leaf Marino gallery in May 2002, A Workshop in France. Other media work
<mask> has contributed to the arts programme Arena, on RTÉ Radio 1. He has  reviewed books for the Irish Independent and contributed journalism to Vanity Fair, GQ Magazine and the Irish Times. He contributed to "The Art and Craft of Film Biography: A Symposium" in the summer 2013 issue of Cineaste magazine.He co-created and developed the multi-platform arts project BOBCOM with producer Steve Levine. In December 2007, <mask> joined the advisory board of the Los Angeles Irish Film Festival. Awards
<mask> won the Hennessy Literary Award in 1977 for his story Baccy. The story concerns the culture clash between urban and rural values and will appear in a forthcoming collection, The Beautiful Corner. References

Living people
Irish biographers
Irish male poets
Male biographers
Irish novelists
Year of birth missing (living people)
People from Drumcondra, Dublin
Irish poets
Irish film producers
Irish film directors
Irish male screenwriters
21st-century Irish painters
Irish male painters
Irish male novelists

masks:
Michael Feeney Callan
Family Callan
Michael Callan
Feeney
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
Callan
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<mask> (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258. As the oldest son of King Andrew II, he was crowned upon the initiative of a group of influential noblemen in his father's lifetime in 1214. His father, who strongly opposed Béla's coronation, refused to give him a province to rule until 1220. In this year, <mask> was appointed Duke of Slavonia, also with jurisdiction in Croatia and Dalmatia. Around the same time, Béla married Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. From 1226, he governed Transylvania as duke. He supported Christian missions among the pagan Cumans who dwelled in the plains to the east of his province.Some Cuman chieftains acknowledged his suzerainty and he adopted the title of King of Cumania in 1233. King Andrew died on 21 September 1235 and <mask> succeeded him. He attempted to restore royal authority, which had diminished under his father. For this purpose, he revised his predecessors' land grants and reclaimed former royal estates, causing discontent among the noblemen and the prelates. The Mongols invaded Hungary and annihilated <mask>'s army in the Battle of Mohi on 11 April 1241. He escaped from the battlefield, but a Mongol detachment chased him from town to town as far as Trogir on the coast of the Adriatic Sea. Although he survived the invasion, the Mongols devastated the country before their unexpected withdrawal in March 1242.<mask> introduced radical reforms in order to prepare his kingdom for a second Mongol invasion. He allowed the barons and the prelates to erect stone fortresses and to set up their private armed forces. He promoted the development of fortified towns. During his reign, thousands of colonists arrived from the Holy Roman Empire, Poland and other neighboring regions to settle in the depopulated lands. <mask>'s efforts to rebuild his devastated country won him the epithet of "second founder of the state" (). He set up a defensive alliance against the Mongols, which included Daniil Romanovich, Prince of Halych, Boleslaw the Chaste, Duke of Cracow and other Ruthenian and Polish princes. His allies supported him in occupying the Duchy of Styria in 1254, but it was lost to King Ottokar II of Bohemia six years later.During <mask>'s reign, a wide buffer zone—which included Bosnia, Barancs (Braničevo, Serbia) and other newly conquered regions—was established along the southern frontier of Hungary in the 1250s. Béla's relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense in the early 1260s, because the elderly king favored his daughter Anna and his youngest child, <mask>, Duke of Slavonia. He was forced to cede the territories of the Kingdom of Hungary east of the river Danube to Stephen, which caused a civil war lasting until 1266. Nevertheless, Béla's family was famed for his piety: he died as a Franciscan tertiary, and the veneration of his three saintly daughters—Kunigunda, Yolanda, and Margaret—was confirmed by the Holy See. Childhood (1206–20)

Béla was the oldest son of King Andrew II of Hungary by his first wife, Gertrude of Merania. He was born in the second half of 1206. Upon King Andrew's initiative, Pope Innocent III had already appealed to the Hungarian prelates and barons on 7 June to swear an oath of loyalty to the King's future son.Queen Gertrude showed blatant favoritism towards her German relatives and courtiers, causing widespread discontent among the native lords. Taking advantage of her husband's campaign in the distant Principality of Halych, a group of aggrieved noblemen seized and murdered her in the forests of the Pilis Hills on 28 September 1213. King Andrew only punished one of the conspirators, a certain Count Peter, after his return from Halych. Although <mask> was a child when his mother was assassinated, he never forgot her and declared his deep respect for her in many of his royal charters. Andrew II betrothed Béla to an unnamed daughter of Tzar Boril of Bulgaria in 1213 or 1214, but their engagement was broken. In 1214, the King requested the Pope to excommunicate some unnamed lords who were planning to crown Béla king. Even so, the eight-year-old <mask> was crowned in the same year, but his father did not grant him a province to rule.Furthermore, when leaving for a Crusade to the Holy Land in August 1217, King Andrew appointed John, Archbishop of Esztergom, to represent him during his absence. During this period, <mask> stayed with his maternal uncle Berthold of Merania in Steyr in the Holy Roman Empire. Andrew II returned from the Holy Land in late 1218. He had arranged the engagement of <mask> and Maria, a daughter of Theodore I Laskaris, Emperor of Nicaea. She accompanied King Andrew to Hungary and <mask> married her in 1220. Rex iunior

Duke of Slavonia (1220–26)

The senior king ceded the lands between the Adriatic Sea and the Dráva River—Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia—to Béla in 1220. A letter of 1222 of Pope Honorius III reveals that "some wicked men" had forced Andrew II to share his realms with his heir.<mask> initially styled himself as "King Andrew's son and King" in his charters; from 1222 he used the title "by the Grace of God, King, son of the King of Hungary, and Duke of all Slavonia". <mask> separated from his wife in the first half of 1222 upon his father's demand. However, Pope Honorius refused to declare the marriage illegal. <mask> accepted the Pope's decision and took refuge in Austria from his father's anger. He returned, together with his wife, only after the prelates had in the first half of 1223 persuaded his father to forgive him. Having returned to his Duchy of Slavonia, <mask> launched a campaign against Domald of Sidraga, a rebellious Dalmatian nobleman, and captured Domald's fortress at Klis. Domald's domains were confiscated and distributed among his rivals, the Šubići, who had supported Béla during the siege.Duke of Transylvania (1226–35)

King Andrew transferred <mask> from Slavonia to Transylvania in 1226. In Slavonia, he was succeeded by his brother, Coloman. As Duke of Transylvania, <mask> adopted an expansionist policy aimed at the territories over the Carpathian Mountains. He supported the Dominicans' proselytizing activities among the Cumans, who dominated these lands. In 1227 he crossed the mountains and met Boricius, a Cuman chieftain, who had decided to convert to Christianity. At their meeting, Boricius and his subjects were baptized and acknowledged Béla's suzerainty. Within a year, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cumania was established in their lands.<mask> had long opposed his father's "useless and superfluous perpetual grants", because the distribution of royal estates destroyed the traditional basis of royal authority. He started reclaiming King Andrew's land grants throughout the country in 1228. The Pope supported <mask>'s efforts, but the King often hindered the execution of his son's orders. <mask> also confiscated the estates of two noblemen, brothers Simon and Michael Kacsics, who had plotted against his mother. <mask>'s youngest brother, Andrew, Prince of Halych, was expelled from his principality in the spring of 1229. Béla decided to help him to regain his throne, proudly boasting that the town of Halych "would not remain on the face of the earth, for there was no one to deliver it from his hands", according to the Galician–Volhynian Chronicle. He crossed the Carpathian Mountains and laid siege to Halych together with his Cuman allies in 1229 or 1230.However, he could not seize the town and withdrew his troops. The Galician–Volhynian Chronicle writes that many Hungarian soldiers "died of many afflictions" on their way home. <mask> invaded Bulgaria and besieged Vidin in 1228 or 1232, but he could not capture the fortress. Around the same time, he set up a new border province, the Banate of Szörény (Severin, Romania), in the lands between the Carpathians and the Lower Danube. In a token of his suzerainty in the lands east of the Carpathians, <mask> adopted the title "King of Cumania" in 1233. <mask> sponsored the mission of Friar Julian and three other Dominican friars who decided to visit the descendants of the Hungarians who had centuries earlier remained in Magna Hungaria, the Hungarians' legendary homeland. His reign

Before the Mongol invasion (1235–41)

King Andrew died on 21 September 1235.<mask>, who succeeded his father without opposition, was crowned king by Robert, Archbishop of Esztergom in Székesfehérvár on 14 October. He dismissed and punished many of his father's closest advisors. For instance, he had Palatine Denis blinded and Julius Kán imprisoned. The former was accused of having, in King Andrew's life, an adulterous liaison with Queen Beatrix, the King's young widow. Béla ordered her imprisonment, but she managed to escape to the Holy Roman Empire, where she gave birth to a posthumous son, Stephen. <mask> and his brother Coloman considered her son a bastard. Béla declared that his principal purpose was "the restitution of royal rights" and "the restoration of the situation which existed in the country" in the reign of his grandfather, <mask> III.According to the contemporaneous Roger of Torre Maggiore, he even "had the chairs of the barons burned" in order to prevent them from sitting in his presence during the meetings of the royal council. Béla set up special commissions which revised all royal charters of land grants made after 1196. The annulment of former donations alienated many of his subjects from the King. Pope Gregory IX protested strongly at the withdrawal of royal grants made to the Cistercians and the military orders. In exchange for Béla's renouncing of the taking back of royal estates in 1239, the Pope authorized him to employ local Jews and Muslims in financial administration, which had for decades been opposed by the Holy See. After returning from Magna Hungaria in 1236, Friar Julian informed Béla of the Mongols, who had by that time reached the Volga River and were planning to invade Europe. The Mongols invaded Desht-i Qipchaq—the westernmost regions of the Eurasian Steppes—and routed the Cumans.Fleeing the Mongols, at least 40,000 Cumans approached the eastern borders of the Kingdom of Hungary and demanded admission in 1239. <mask> only agreed to give them shelter after their leader, Köten, promised to convert together with his people to Christianity, and to fight against the Mongols. However, the settlement of masses of nomadic Cumans in the plains along the Tisza River gave rise to many conflicts between them and the local villagers. <mask>, who needed the Cumans' military support, rarely punished them for their robberies, rapes and other misdeeds. His Hungarian subjects thought that he was biased in the Cumans' favor, thus "enmity emerged between the people and the king", according to Roger of Torre Maggiore. <mask> supported the development of towns. For instance, he confirmed the liberties of the citizens of Székesfehérvár and granted privileges to Hungarian and German settlers in Bars (Starý Tekov, Slovakia) in 1237.Zadar, a town in Dalmatia which had been lost to Venice in 1202, acknowledged Béla's suzerainty in 1240. Mongol invasion of Hungary (1241–42)

The Mongols gathered in the lands bordering Hungary and Poland under the command of Batu Khan in December 1240. They demanded Béla's submission to their Great Khan Ögödei, but Béla refused to yield and had the mountain passes fortified. The Mongols broke through the barricades erected in the Verecke Pass (Veretsky Pass, Ukraine) on 12 March 1241. Duke Frederick II of Austria, who arrived to assist Béla against the invaders, defeated a small Mongol troop near Pest. He seized prisoners, including Cumans from the Eurasian Steppes who had been forced to join the Mongols. When the citizens of Pest realized the presence of Cumans in the invading army, mass hysteria emerged.The townsfolk accused Köten and their Cumans of cooperating with the enemy. A riot broke out and the mob massacred Köten's retinue. Köten was either slaughtered or committed suicide. On hearing about Köten's fate, his Cumans decided to leave Hungary and destroyed many villages on their way towards the Balkan Peninsula. With the Cumans' departure <mask> lost his most valuable allies. He could muster an army of less than 60,000 against the invaders. The royal army was ill-prepared and its commanders—the barons alienated by Béla's policy—"would have liked the king to be defeated so that they would then be dearer to him", according to Roger of Torre Maggiore's account.The Hungarian army was virtually annihilated in the Battle of Mohi on the Sajó River on 11 April 1241. A great number of Hungarian lords, prelates and noblemen were killed, and <mask> himself narrowly escaped from the battlefield. He fled through Nyitra to Pressburg (Nitra and Bratislava in Slovakia). The triumphant Mongols occupied and ravaged most lands to the east of the Danube River by the end of June. Upon Duke Frederick II of Austria's invitation, <mask> went to Hainburg an der Donau. However, instead of helping <mask>, the Duke forced him to cede three counties (most probably Locsmánd, Pozsony, and Sopron). From Hainburg, <mask> fled to Zagreb and sent letters to Pope Gregory IX, Emperor Frederick II, King Louis IX of France and other Western European monarchs, urging them to send reinforcements to Hungary.In the hope of military assistance, he even accepted Emperor Frederick II's suzerainty in June. The Pope declared a Crusade against the Mongols, but no reinforcements arrived. The Mongols crossed the frozen Danube early in 1242. A Mongol detachment under the command of Kadan, a son of Great Khan Ögödei, chased Béla from town to town in Dalmatia. Béla took refugee in the well-fortified Trogir. Before Kadan laid siege to the town in March, news arrived of the Great Khan's death. Batu Khan wanted to attend at the election of Ögödei's successor with sufficient troops and ordered the withdrawal of all Mongol forces.Béla, who was grateful to Trogir, granted it lands near Split, causing a lasting conflict between the two Dalmatian towns. "Second Founder of the State" (1242–61)
Upon his return to Hungary in May 1242, Béla found a country in ruins. Devastation was especially heavy in the plains east of the Danube where at least half of the villages were depopulated. The Mongols had destroyed most traditional centers of administration, which were defended by earth-and-timber walls. Only well-fortified places, such as Esztergom, Székesfehérvár and the Pannonhalma Abbey, had successfully resisted siege. A severe famine followed in 1242 and 1243. Preparation for a new Mongol invasion was the central concern of Béla's policy.In a letter of 1247 to Pope Innocent IV, <mask> announced his plan to strengthen the Danube—the "river of confrontations"—with new forts. He abandoned the ancient royal prerogative to build and own castles, promoting the erection of nearly

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 100 new fortresses by the end of his reign. These fortresses included a new castle Béla had built at Nagysáros (Veľký Šariš, Slovakia), and another castle Béla and his wife had built at Visegrád. Béla attempted to increase the number of the soldiers and to improve their equipment. He made land grants in the forested regions and obliged the new landowners to equip heavily armoured cavalrymen to serve in the royal army. For instance, the so-called ten-lanced nobles of Szepes (Spiš, Slovakia) received their privileges from Béla in 1243. He even allowed the barons and prelates to employ armed noblemen, who had previously been directly subordinated to the sovereign, in their private retinue (banderium).Béla granted the Banate of Szörény to the Knights Hospitaller on 2 June 1247, but the Knights abandoned the region by 1260. To replace the loss of at least 15 percent of the population, who perished during the Mongol invasion and the ensuing famine, Béla promoted colonization. He granted special liberties to the colonists, including personal freedom and favorable tax treatment. Germans, Moravians, Poles, Ruthenians and other "guests" arrived from neighboring countries and were settled in depopulated or sparsely populated regions. He also persuaded the Cumans, who had in 1241 left Hungary, to return and settle in the plains along the River Tisza. He even arranged the engagement of his firstborn son, Stephen, who was crowned king-junior in or before 1246, to Elisabeth, a daughter of a Cuman chieftain. Béla granted the privileges of Székesfehérvár to more than 20 settlements, promoting their development into self-governing towns.The liberties of the mining towns in Upper Hungary were also spelled out in Béla's reign. For defensive purposes, he moved the citizens of Pest to a hill on the opposite side of the Danube in 1248. Within two decades their new fortified town, Buda, became the most important center of commerce in Hungary. Béla also granted privileges to Gradec, the fortified center of Zagreb, in 1242 and confirmed them in 1266. Béla adopted an active foreign policy soon after the withdrawal of the Mongols. In the second half of 1242 he invaded Austria and forced Duke Frederick II to surrender the three counties ceded to him during the Mongol invasion. On the other hand, Venice occupied Zadar in the summer of 1243.Béla renounced Zadar on 30 June 1244, but Venice acknowledged his claim to one third of the customs revenues of the Dalmatian town. <mask> set up a defensive alliance against the Mongols. He married three of his daughters to princes whose countries were also threatened by the Mongols. Rostislav Mikhailovich, a pretender to the Principality of Halych, was the first to marry, in 1243, one of <mask>'s daughters, Anna. <mask> supported his son-in-law to invade Halych in 1245, but Rostislav's opponent, Daniil Romanovich repulsed their attack. On 21 August 1245 Pope <mask> freed Béla of the oath of fidelity he had taken to Emperor Frederick during the Mongol invasion. In the following year Duke Frederick II of Austria invaded Hungary.He routed <mask>'s army in the Battle of the Leitha River on 15 June 1246, but perished in the battlefield. His childless death gave rise to a series of conflicts, because both his niece, Gertrude, and his sister, Margaret, made a claim to Austria and Styria. <mask> decided to intervene in the conflict only after the danger of a second Mongol invasion had diminished by the end of the 1240s. In retaliation of a former Austrian incursion into Hungary, <mask> made a plundering raid into Austria and Styria in the summer of 1250. In this year he met and concluded a peace treaty with Daniil Romanovich, Prince of Halych in Zólyom (Zvolen, Slovakia). With Béla's mediation, a son of his new ally Roman married Gertrude of Austria. <mask> and Daniil Romanovich united their troops and invaded Austria and Moravia in June 1252.After their withdrawal, Ottokar, Margrave of Moravia—who had married Margaret of Austria—invaded and occupied Austria and Styria. In the summer of 1253, <mask> launched a campaign against Moravia and laid siege to Olomouc. Daniil Romanovich, Boleslaw the Chaste of Cracow, and Wladislaw of Opole intervened on Béla's behalf, but he lifted the siege by the end of June. Pope <mask> mediated a peace treaty, which was signed in Pressburg (Bratislava, Slovakia) on 1 May 1254. In accordance with the treaty, Ottokar, who had in the meantime become King of Bohemia, ceded Styria to Béla. <mask> appointed his son-in-law, Rostislav Mikhailovich Ban of Macsó (Mačva, Serbia) in 1254. Rostislav's task was the creation of a buffer zone along the southern borders.He occupied Bosnia already in the year of his appointment and forced Tzar Michael Asen I of Bulgaria to cede Belgrade and Barancs (Braničevo, Serbia) in 1255. <mask> adopted the title of King of Bulgaria, but he only used it occasionally in the subsequent years. The Styrian noblemen rose up in rebellion against <mask>'s governor Stephen Gutkeled and routed him in early 1258. <mask> invaded Styria, restored his suzerainty and appointed his oldest son, Stephen, Duke of Styria. In 1259, Batu Khan's successor, Berke, proposed an alliance by offering to marry one of his daughters to a son of <mask>, but he refused the Khan's offer. Discontented with the rule of Béla's son, the Styrian lords sought assistance from Ottokar of Bohemia. <mask> and his allies—Daniil Romanovich, Boleslaw the Chaste, and Leszek the Black of Sieradz—invaded Moravia, but Ottokar vanquished them in the Battle of Kressenbrunn on 12 June 1260.The defeat forced <mask> to renounce Styria in favor of the King of Bohemia in the Peace of Vienna, which was signed on 31 March 1261. On the other hand, Ottokar divorced his elderly wife, Margarete of Austria, and married <mask>'s granddaughter—the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich by Anna—Kunigunda. <mask> had originally planned to give his youngest daughter, Margaret, in marriage to King Ottokar. However, Margaret, who had been living in the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin on Rabbits' Island, refused to yield. With the assistance of her Dominican confessor, she took her final religious vows which prevented her marriage. Infuriated by this act, the King, who had up to that time supported the Dominicans, favored the Franciscans in the subsequent years. He even became a Franciscan tertiary, according to the Greater Legend of his saintly sister, Elisabeth.Civil war (1261–66)

<mask> and his son, Stephen jointly invaded Bulgaria in 1261. They forced Tzar Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria to abandon the region of Vidin. <mask> returned to Hungary before the end of the campaign, which was continued by his son. Béla's favoritism towards his younger son, <mask> (whom he appointed Duke of Slavonia) and daughter, Anna irritated Stephen. The latter suspected that his father was planning to disinherit him. Stephen often mentioned in his charters that he had "suffered severe persecution" by his "parents without deserving it" when referring to the roots of his conflict with his father. Although some clashes took place in the autumn, a lasting civil war was avoided through the mediation of the Archbishops Philip of Esztergom and Smaragd of Kalocsa who persuaded <mask> and his son to make a compromise.According to the Peace of Pressburg, the two divided the country along the Danube: the lands to the west of the river remained under the direct rule of Béla, and the government of the eastern territories was taken over by Stephen, the king-junior. The relationship between father and son remained tense. Stephen seized his mother's and sister's estates which were situated in his realm to the east of the Danube. Béla's army under Anna's command crossed the Danube in the summer of 1264. She occupied Sárospatak and captured Stephen's wife and children. A detachment of the royal army, under the command of Béla's Judge royal Lawrence forced Stephen to retreat as far as the fortress at Feketehalom (Codlea, Romania) in the easternmost corner of Transylvania. The king-junior's partisans relieved the castle and he started a counter-attack in the autumn.In the decisive Battle of Isaszeg, he routed his father's army in March 1265. It was again the two archbishops who conducted the negotiations between Béla and his son. Their agreement was signed in the Dominican Monastery of the Blessed Virgin on Rabbits' Island (Margaret Island, Budapest) on 23 March 1266. The new treaty confirmed the division of the country along the Danube and regulated many aspects of the co-existence of Béla's regnum and Stephen's regimen, including the collection of taxes and the commoners' right to free movement. Last years (1266–70)

The "nobles of all Hungary, who are called servientes regis" from both the senior and the junior king's domains assembled in Esztergom in 1267. Upon their request, Béla and Stephen jointly confirmed their privileges, which had first been spelled out in the Golden Bull of 1222, before 7 September. Shortly after the meeting, Béla assigned four noblemen from each county with the task of revising property rights in Transdanubia.King Stephen Uroš I of Serbia invaded the Banate of Macsó, a region under the rule of <mask>'s widowed daughter, Anna. A royal army soon routed the invaders and captured Stephen Uroš. The Serbian monarch was forced to pay ransom before being released. <mask>'s favorite son, also named <mask>, died in the summer of 1269. On 18 January 1270 the King's youngest daughter, the saintly Margaret, also died. King <mask> too soon fell terminally ill. On his deathbed, he asked his grandson-in-law King Ottokar II of Bohemia to assist his wife, daughter and partisans in case they were forced to leave Hungary by his son. <mask> died on Rabbits' Island on 3 May 1270.Dying at 63, he exceeded in age most members of the House of Árpád. He was buried in the church of the Franciscans in Esztergom, but Archbishop Philip of Esztergom had his corpse transferred to the Esztergom Cathedral. The Minorites only succeeded in regaining <mask>'s remains after a long lawsuit. King <mask> IV of Hungary left to his son, to Stephen, a prosperous, a rebuilt, a fortified kingdom in 28 years. <mask> successfully concluded the alliance between the houses of Árpád and Anjou with a mutual marriage contract. In the last year of his life, in December 1269, Abbot of Monte Cassino Bernhard Ayglerius visited Hungary as the envoy of King Charles I of Anjou. He reported enthusiastically to his lord, the foreign, impartial contemporary envoy saw Béla's court as follows:

"The Hungarian royal house has incredible power, its military forces are so large that nobody in the East and the North dares even budge if the triumphant and glorious king mobilizes his army.Most of the countries and princes of the North and East belong to his empire by kinship or conquest." Family

<mask>'s wife, Maria Laskarina was born in 1207 or 1208, according to historian Gyula Kristó. She died in July or August 1270. Their first child, Kunigunda, was born in 1224, four years after her parents' marriage. She married to Boleslaw the Chaste, Duke of Cracow in 1246. A second daughter, Margaret followed Kunigunda in about 1225; she died unmarried before 1242. The third daughter of <mask>, Anna was born around 1226.She and her husband, Rostislav Mikhailovich were especially favored by <mask>. Her great-grandson, Wenceslaus—a grandson of her daughter, Kunigunda by King Ottokar II of Bohemia—was King of Hungary from 1301 to 1305. <mask>'s fourth daughter, Catherina died unmarried before 1242. Next, Elisabeth was born; she was given in marriage to Henry XIII, Duke of Bavaria in about 1245. Her son, Otto was crowned King of Hungary in 1305, but was forced to leave the country by the end of 1307. Béla's sixth daughter Constance married, around 1251, Lev Danylovich, second son of Prince Daniil Romanovich of Halych. Béla's seventh daughter, Yolanda became the wife of Bolesław the Pious, Duke of Greater Poland.Béla's first son, Stephen was born in 1239. He succeeded his father. Béla's youngest daughter, Margaret was born during the Mongol invasion in 1242. Dedicated to God by her parents at birth, she spent her life in humility in the Monastery of the Blessed Virgin on Rabbits' Island and died as a Dominican nun. The King's youngest (namesake) son, <mask> was born between around 1243 and 1250. The Greater Legend of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary (Béla's sister) described Béla's family as a company of saints. It wrote that the "blessed royal family of the Hungarians is adorned with resplendent pearls that irradiate all the earth".In fact, the Holy See sanctioned the veneration of three daughters of <mask> and his wife: Kunigunda was beatified in 1690, Yolanda in 1827; and Margaret was canonized in 1943. A fourth daughter, Constance also became subject to a local cult in Lemberg (Lviv, Ukraine), according to the Legend of her sister, Kunigunda. The following family tree presents <mask>'s offspring, and some of his relatives mentioned in the article. Legacy

Bryan Cartledge writes that Béla "reorganised the structure of government, re-established the rule of law, repopulated a devastated countryside, encouraged the growth of towns, created the new royal town of Buda and revived the commercial life of the country" during his over three-decade-long reign. <mask>'s posthumous epithet—the "second founder of the state" ()—shows that posterity attributed to him Hungary's survival of the Mongol invasion. On the other hand, the Illuminated Chronicle notes that <mask> "was a man of peace, but in the conduct of armies and battles the least fortunate" when narrating Béla's defeat in the Battle of Kressenbrunn. The same chronicle preserved the next epigram which was written on his tomb:

References

Sources

Primary sources

 Master Roger's Epistle to the Sorrowful Lament upon the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Tatars (Translated and Annotated by János M. Bak and Martyn Rady) (2010).In Rady, Martyn; Veszprémy, László; Bak, János M. (2010). Anonymus and Master Roger. CEU Press. . The Galician-Volynian Chronicle (An annoted translation by George A. Perfecky) (1973). Wilhelm Fink Verlag. The Hungarian Illuminated Chronicle: Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum (Edited by Dezső Dercsényi) (1970). Corvina, Taplinger Publishing. .The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301 (Translated and Edited by János M. Bak, György Bónis, James Ross Sweeney with an essay on previous editions by Andor Czizmadia, Second revised edition, In collaboration with Leslie S. Domonkos) (1999). Charles Schlacks, Jr. Publishers. pp. 1–11. . Secondary sources

External links

 Béla IV Encyclopædia Britannica

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1206 births
1270 deaths
House of Árpád
Kings of Hungary
Kings of Croatia
Dukes of Styria
13th century in Croatia
13th-century Hungarian people
13th-century monarchs in Europe
Members of the Third Order of Saint

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<mask> (13 August 1929 – 26 May 2016) was a Swiss-born conductor and director of the Orchestra Conducting Program at the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University. He was also Music Director of the Greater Bridgeport Symphony Orchestra in Connecticut, for more than 40 years (1972–2013). Biography

<mask> earned international acclaim as both an exceptional conductor and a truly gifted teacher. After graduating from the Zurich Conservatory, Meier continued his studies at the Academia Chigiana Siena. He began his career at the Lucerne Opera, followed by several seasons at the Vienna Chamber Opera and the Zurich Opera. In the U.S. his opera talents were quickly recognized, as he was soon conducting at the New York, Santa Fe, Miami, Minnesota, San Francisco Operas and others. He led orchestras around the globe including the Zurich Tonhalle, São Paulo, China National, Pittsburgh, Colorado and Alabama Symphony Orchestras; New York City, Santa Fe, Miami, San Francisco, Zurich, and Minnesota Opera Companies; and the Budapest and Vienna State Opera Orchestras.His innovative artistic direction earned Meier critical praises in this country and abroad. Productions which received nationwide coverage included Stravinsky's Rake's Progress in which he collaborated with the film director Robert Altman (M.A.S.H., Nashville, The Players), William Bolcom's Songs of Innocence and Experience, which he conducted in Ann Arbor (American premiere) and at Chicago's Grant Park, and André Previn's All Good Boys Deserve Favour, a play by Tom Stoppard set for actors and symphony orchestra. Meier received his musical diploma from the Zurich Conservatory, Switzerland. He served on the faculties of Yale University (1960–1973) where he became the youngest full-time professor in the school's history, the Eastman School of Music (1973–1976), and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor (1976–1995). He has also served on the faculty of the Tanglewood Music Center from 1980 to 1996 where he spent the summers overseeing Tanglewood's prestigious Conducting Seminar. The program selected the "absolute cream" of international students according to André Previn, a frequent guest in Meier's classes, along with Leonard Bernstein. Meier's original connection with Tanglewood dates to 1957 and 1958 when he himself was chosen as a conducting fellow and won top prizes.He was a member of one of the most remarkable conducting classes in the Tanglewood Music Center's history, one that included Claudio Abbado, Zubin Mehta and David Zinman. He regularly taught conducting master classes across North America, Europe and Asia. Meier's regular conducting engagements included several that spanned decades. From 1978 to 2006, <mask> was music director and conductor of the Greater Lansing Symphony Orchestra in Lansing, Michigan. Upon retiring from this position after 28 seasons, he was given the honor of music director emeritus. The 2012–2013 season, his 41st season as music director of the Greater Bridgeport Symphony in Bridgeport, Connecticut, was his last season there. He served as director of the Graduate Conducting Program at the Peabody Conservatory in Baltimore, Maryland.Conducting workshops took him to all corners of the world, such as Vancouver, Canada, Cabrillo, California, New York City, Beijing, Prague, and Sofia, Bulgaria. His students have appeared with every major orchestra and opera company in the United States and abroad, some currently serving as music directors of illustrious musical institutions. Other students have won first prizes in prestigious conducting competitions: the Karajan in Berlin, Stokowski and Lorin Maazel competitions in New York City, the First International Eduardo Mata Conducting Competition in Mexico City, the Mario Gusella International Competition in Pecara, Italy, and the Sergei Prokofiev Conducting Competition in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Personal Life:
<mask> was born in Wettingen, Switzerland, a small town on the Limmat River eight miles from German Border. Growing up in neutral Switzerland during Hitler’s ascendancy and WWII had a profound influence on him as he, his family and many Swiss had a perpetual sense that a German invasion was imminent. At the age of five, his mother gave him a trumpet and taught him to play “Silent Night” as a Christmas gift to his father, <mask>, a factory foreman who was home for the holidays after working as he often did in neighboring countries for Brown Boveri. His father played the coronet in the Swiss cavalry as well as the local band and was thrilled to have his son show musical talent and signed him up for lessons with his childhood band instructor.At the age of six, August found an old piano for his wife Margarit on which <mask> and his mother took piano lessons together. By age 15, <mask> entered the Conservatory as a piano and trumpet major and two years later in 1947, <mask> became the accompanist for a famous Swiss jazz and yodeling vocal trio touring Europe for a year. After respiratory illness put an end to his trumpet playing, he played in a 13-piece pit orchestra for a small opera house and found his love of conducting prompting him to reenter Zurich Conservatory of Music for two years of conducting training. While there, <mask> met American mezzo-soprano Shirley Sudock with whom he had his first serious relationship. They went on to perform around Europe—Zurich, Paris, Vienna and beyond with <mask> either accompanying Shirley on piano or conducting orchestras where she was the vocal soloist. At the age of 25, he had his first full-time conducting job as the court Conductor for Emperor Haile Selassie in Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia where he arranged popular music that Selassie liked to fit into the unusual instrumentation of the ensemble. He returned to Europe in 1955 to study conducting in Vienna.During their time in Vienna, <mask> and Shirley were married in a small secular ceremony. <mask> went on to the Tanglewood Conductors workshop in 1957 (where two of his classmates were Zubin Mehta and Claudio Abbado), and after a stint as Assistant Conductor to the Zurich Opera and freelancing in New York City, in 1960 he took a faculty position in charge of orchestra, taught orchestration and conducting at Yale University. <mask> and Shirley had two children, a son Dani in 1961 and a daughter Eva in 1963. Shirley pursued her singing career and eventually started teaching voice at Connecticut College. <mask> stayed at Yale for more than a dozen years and the family spent summers at Yale’s summer music program in Norfolk, CT.

<mask> and Shirley separated in 1973 and subsequently divorced. <mask> left Yale to go to Eastman School of Music in Rochester New York. While in Rochester, <mask> married Emy Greer who’d been a doctoral student in piano at Yale establishing a blended family that included Dani and Eva (who still lived in Connecticut) and Emy’s daughters from a previous marriage, Angela and Pam Landon.In 1976, <mask> left Eastman to be Professor of Conducting at University of Michigan and moved to Ann Arbor where they remained until <mask>’s death in 2016. His son Dani's remembrance is here. Upon his death, <mask> was survived by his wife Emy <mask>, his son Dani (Dawn), daughters Eva, Angy and Pam (Gary), and grandchildren Alicia Landon, Nora Andermeier (Arthur), Sean Atamian, Annarose Atamian, Ezra Andermeier, Nika Field and Dain Field. [Personal history added by son, <mask>]

Awards and honors
1982: Distinguished Faculty Achievement Award, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor
1988: Luise Vosgerchian Teaching Award, Harvard University
1995: Ditson Conductor's Award from Columbia University
1999: Max Rudolf Award, Conductors Guild of America
1999: Doctor of Laws, Honorary Degree from Fairfield University
2003: Doctor of Music, Honorary Degree from Kalamazoo College
2005: Doctor of Fine Arts, Honorary Degree from Michigan State University

Published works
The Score, the Orchestra and the Conductor (Oxford University Press, 2009)

References

1929 births
2016 deaths
Eastman School of Music faculty
Peabody Institute faculty
Place of birth missing
Swiss conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Swiss music educators
University of Michigan faculty
Yale University faculty

masks:
Gustav Meier
Gustav Meier
Gustav Meier
Gustav
August Meier
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Gustav
Meier
Dani Meier


texts:
<mask> (c. 1575 – c. 1616), an English minister, was one of the joint founders, with John Smyth, of the General Baptist denomination. In the early seventeenth century, Helwys was principal formulator of demand that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, so that individuals might have a freedom of religious conscience. Helwys was an advocate of religious liberty at a time when to hold to such views could be dangerous. He died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of Protestant dissenters under King James I. Early life
<mask> was born in Gainsborough, from Edmund and <mask> who were descendants of an old Norman family. Edmund had sold his land in Lincolnshire and Northamptonshire and had taken a lease on Broxtowe Hall in Bilborough parish. In 1590 when his father died, <mask> assumed control of the estate, but in 1593, left the care of the estate in the hands of his father's friends and began studies in law at Gray's Inn, one of the four Inns of Court in London.Helwys' family was on the rise in London. <mask>, his uncle, was a successful merchant, an alderman and the sheriff of London. His cousin, Gervase, was knighted by King James before becoming lieutenant of the Tower of London. After completing his studies at Gray's Inn in 1593, Helwys himself spent some time in the capital. <mask> married Joan Ashmore at St, Martin's Church, Bilborough, in 1595. They had seven children over the next twelve years and lived at Broxtowe Hall. During this time, the Helwys's home became a haven for radical Puritans, dissenters within the Church of England, and it is likely that Helwys contributed financially to their mission.In 1606, when Archbishop Bancroft was forcing ministers to submit to the Prayer Book, Helwys took part in conference of radical puritans in Coventry discussing whether to quit the Church of England and become Brownists. The conference included John Smyth, John Robinson, Richard Bernard and Arthur Hildersham. Helwys developed a close bond with dissenter John Smyth and he and his wife became committed members of Smyth's Separatist or Brownist congregation in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. The sixty or seventy Separatists in Gainsborough were allowed to meet in secret in Gainsborough Old Hall by the Hall's sympathetic owner Sir William Hickman. Ministry

As Separatism was illegal, the Gainsborough and Scrooby dissenters were arrested and their houses raided. <mask> was imprisoned in York Castle by the Archbishop of York in the second half of 1607. Between 1607 and 1608, Helwys, Smyth, Robinson and many others from the Gainsborough and Scrooby congregations fled to the safety of Amsterdam in the more tolerant Dutch Republic.Helwys organised the Gainsborough group's emigration - according to Robinson, ‘If any brought oars, he brought sails.’

Assuming their safety, Helwys allowed his family to remain in England. His wife was soon arrested and, after refusing to take the oath in court, she was imprisoned. It is likely that she was banished after three months in prison. It was in the Dutch Republic that a distinctive Baptist faith first emerged amongst the English émigrés, and Helwys was one of the leaders of the foundation of the first Baptist Church in 1609. Taking the Brownist idea that church membership was only for believers to its logical conclusion, Smyth became convinced that baptism into the church should be for Christian believers only and not for infants. In January 1609, Smyth baptised himself first, then the rest of his followers starting with Helwys. The other English Separatists in Amsterdam rejected this new teaching.Later that year, the group led by Smyth and Helwys started renting a meeting house from Dutch Mennonites, and were persuaded by them to abandon the doctrine of predestination. Some of the Baptists also accepted Mennonite christology, that Jesus did not take his flesh from Mary, but Smyth and Helwys did not, so those Baptists left the church. In 1610, Smyth and Helwys fell out after Smyth decided he had been wrong to baptise himself and applied to join the Mennonites and be re-baptised. <mask> and about ten others split from Smyth's church. Helwys formulated the earliest Baptist confession of faith. This "confession" became the twenty-seven articles in  (1611). In the next twelve months or so, Helwys wrote three more important works: an argument for Arminianism (A Short and Plain Proof, By the Word and Works of God, That God's Decree Is Not the Cause of Any Man's Sin or Condemnation: And That All Men Are Redeemed by Christ; As Also That No Infants Are Condemned), a polemic explaining his differences with the Mennonites, and, most importantly, A Short Declaration on the Mistery of Iniquity.The Mistery of Iniquity was a critique of the failings of Catholicism, state-church Protestantism and Brownism. It was the first ever English book to defend the principle of religious liberty. For Helwys, religious liberty was a right for everyone, whether Protestants, Catholics, Jews, Muslims or atheists. The book also argued that Separatist leaders such as Smyth and Robinson had been wrong to take their churches overseas to escape persecution and that they should return to England. The historian of Separatism Stephen Tomkins described The Mistery of Iniquity as the most radical and outspoken book of the age and 'the most far-reaching declaration of universal religious freedom yet seen in English', but added: 'It is a pity that this most ground-breaking treatise of the Separatist movement should also be its most mean-spirited.' Despite the obvious risks involved, in 1613 Helwys and twelve Baptist émigrés returned to England and founded the first Baptist congregation on English soil in Spitalfields, east London. They brought The Mistery of Iniquity with them and one copy of it was delivered to King James I, with a handwritten inscription arguing for liberty of conscience."The King," Helwys said, "is a mortal man, and not God, therefore he hath no power over the mortal soul of his subjects to make laws and ordinances for them and to set spiritual Lords over them." Helwys and other Baptists were thrown into Newgate Prison, where they wrote a petition to the King. Another book, Persecution for Religion Judg’d and Condemn’d, was written in Newgate in 1616, either by Helwys or his follower John Murton, and printed. Helwys died around 1616 at about the age of forty. Helwys' presentation copy of A Short Declaration of the Mistery of Iniquity is still preserved in the Bodleian Library. Helwys is honoured with the Helwys Hall at Regent's Park College, Oxford. Thomas Helwys Baptist Church, in Lenton, Nottingham is named after him.Broxtowe Hall, the Helwys' family home, is now only a remnant but in nearby Bilborough Baptist Church there is a simple plaque to his memory. Notes

References

External links
Writings of <mask>s
Alec Gilmore, "<mask>s' plea for religious liberty in the 17th century provided a sound foundation for other kinds of freedom," The Guardian, 20 May 2006
"You Can Thank the Baptists for Freedom of Worship" by Pastor David F. Reagan
"<mask>s, A Short Declaration of the Mystery of Iniquity" by Walter B. Shurden, Callaway Professor of Christianity, Executive Director, The Center for Baptist Studies, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia
"Recovering the Baptist Legacy" by Bruce Prescott
Thomas Helwys Baptist Church, Lenton, Nottingham

1570s births
1610s deaths
People from Nottingham (district)
English Baptist ministers
17th-century Christian clergy
Baptist theologians
17th-century English clergy
17th-century Protestant theologians
17th-century English theologians
Arminian ministers
Arminian theologians
People from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire

masks:
Thomas Helwys
Thomas Helwys
Margaret Helwys
Thomas Helwys
Geoffrey Helwys
Thomas Helwys
Joan Helwys
Helwys
Thomas Helwy
Thomas Helwy
Thomas Helwy


texts:
<mask> (, pronounced STEE-brek) is a forensic engineer, building investigator, building science consultant, author, speaker and widely known  expert on building moisture control, indoor air quality, and retro-fit of existing and historic buildings. <mask> is an adjunct professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto; an industry consultant specializing in rain penetration, air and vapor barriers, building durability, construction technology and microbial contamination — and an advisor on numerous prominent building envelope failures. He consults regularly on building code and industry standards. Widely known for his "Perfect Wall" concept, Lstiburek identified four key control layers within the building envelope (rain, air, vapor and thermal) critical to a building's behavior, long-term performance and viability. He is a proponent of understanding the concepts that allow older buildings to survive over time in harsh climates — and mimicking those concepts with contemporary construction. In 2001, The Wall Street Journal called Lstiburek "the dean of North American building science." Early career

While working towards his bachelor's degree, Lstiburek also worked as a residential construction manager for Product Design Development Corporation.After graduating he became president of Inertia Development Corporation, a company that built and tested twenty low-energy houses. He went on to work for the Housing and Urban Development Association of Canada (HUDAC) from 1981-1982 where he was involved in the Canada-wide Super Energy Efficient Housing R-2000 program and became the Director of Research. While studying for his master's degree, he worked at the University of Toronto Centre for Building Science and later served as president of Building Engineering Corporation, a building sciences and components company in the residential construction industry. He also briefly worked in the commercial construction industry as a senior engineer for Trow in Toronto. After receiving his master's degree, Lstiburek worked in the United States as a consultant with Dames & Moore, a Chicago-based engineering consulting firm specializing in building sciences and construction technology. In 1990 Lstiburek became a principal at Building Science Corporation. Recent career
In the 1990s, Lstiburek worked with Pulte Homes to reduce utility costs of their residences by 30% without increasing construction cost or changing their size, shape or look.Lstiburek suggested five changes, and the prototype home subsequently received Nevada's home energy Five Star rating. In 2005, with Hurricane Katrina's inundation of New Orleans, Lstiburek noted that significantly more older, elevated homes constructed with traditional, water-tolerant methods (masonry and plaster, without cavity insulation) would be able to return to service after the storm — than homes with typical newer construction (gypsum wallboard, insulation-filled cavity)." Lstiburek recommended that future flood-prone construction learn to mimic traditional drainable, dryable, water-tolerant materials. In 2007, at MIT's Stata Center (subject of lawsuits of the building's architect and contractors), Lstiburek had observed problems during construction, noting that the building envelope's key control layers (rain, air, vapor and thermal) — were in the wrong order, causing the building to soak in its own condensation ("like your T-shirt gets sopping under a pleather jacket"), causing erosion of building materials and mold, as well as causing the building to "smell like dirty socks." Lstiburek noted that "basic errors like these occur in up to 20% of all new buildings going up" from simple buildings to "soaring landmarks." Lstiburek has been involved in the development of standards and industry resources by U.S. government agencies. He is the principal investigator for the Building Science Consortium, an industry group in the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE)'s Building America Program that encourages the development of energy efficient innovations in the homebuilding industry.He participated in a 40-city seminar tour of the United States for the EPA and BOMA. Lstiburek authored the DoE handbook on moisture control and was a special contributor to the EPA's "Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers." <mask> is a regular speaker and presenter at industry events. He appeared on the PBS Nova program entitled "Can Buildings Make You Sick?" featuring his work on the Registry Building in Boston, MA. Lstiburek writes regularly for industry publications and has published a number of books. In 2008, <mask> contributed to an article written for ASHRAE raising doubts about efficiency claims of LEED certified commercial buildings  — a points-based, third-party verified industry measurement standard for building sustainability.Lstiburek, along with fellow building scientists, challenged the statistics on LEED buildings as well as comparisons used in a 2007 (and updated 2008) New Buildings Institute report. Lstiburek urged the industry to emphasize real-world, actual energy savings rather than "chasing points." Recognition
In 2009, Lstiburek was nominated for the Hanley Award for contributions to the advancement of sustainable housing in the United States. In 2007, the Energy & Environmental Building Association (EEBA) awarded Lstiburek a Legacy Award for the development of building performance and the science of new home construction. In 2004, Lstiburek became an ASHRAE Fellow. In 2000/2001 Lstiburek received an Anthony A. Woods Award, given by the Ontario Building Envelope Council (OBEC) for contributions to the design, construction and performance of the building envelope.In 1994, the Energy & Environmental Building Association (EEBA) awarded Lstiburek a design award for his joint design effort with architect and business partner Betsy Pettit for an affordable Dallas development of heavy-insulated three-bedroom homes, maximizing solar gain, natural light and shade as well as providing appropriate ventilation. In 1992, the Energy & Environmental Building Association (EEBA) awarded Lstiburek an Award for Technical Merit. Publications
 The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot & Humid Climates. Lew Harriman III and <mask>. 2009. ASHRAE. Builder's Guide to Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) for all Climates.<mask>. 2008. Building Science Press. Water Management Guide. <mask><mask>. January 2006. Building Science Press.Builder's Guide to Hot-Humid Climates. <mask>. 2005. Building Science Press. Builder's Guide to Mixed-Humid Climates. <mask>. January 1, 2005.Delmar Cengage Learning. Builder's Guide to Hot-Dry & Mixed-Dry Climates. <mask>. 2004. Building Science Press. Builder's Guide to Cold Climates. <mask>.2004. Building Science Press. Builder's Guide to Mixed Climates: Details for Design and Construction <mask>. Lstiburek. February 2001. Taunton Press. Read This Before You Move In: Healthy and Affordable Housing: Practical Recommendations for Building, Renovating and Maintaining Housing 2001. Asthma Regional Coordinating Council of New England.PDF Version
 Builder's Guide to Cold Climates: Details for Design and Construction. <mask>. February 3, 2000 Taunton Press. Spray polyurethane foam in external envelopes of buildings. Mark Bomberg and <mask><mask>. 1998. CRC Press.Moisture Control Handbook: Principles and Practices for Residential and Small Commercial Buildings. <mask> and John Carmody. January 1, 1996. Wiley. Builder's Field Guide. <mask><mask>, John Manuel, Arnie Katz. 1994.NC Alternate Energy Corporation. Moisture Control for New Residential Buildings. <mask> and John Carmody. Chapter 17 in Moisture Control in Buildings Heinz R. Trechsel, ed. 1994. American Society for Testing and Materials. A new approach to affordable low energy house construction.<mask>k. 1994. Atlanta Department of Housing. Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers (SuDoc EP 4.8:Ai 7/7). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Technical advisors: Lstiburek, Turner, Brennan, and Light). 1991. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs, Indoor Air Division U.S. Dept.of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. The Airtight House: using the airtight drywall approach: a construction manual. James K. Lischkoff, <mask>. 1991. Iowa State University Research Foundation. Articles
In addition to the recent feature articles listed below, <mask> has been a regular columnist for the Building Sciences column of the ASHRAE Journal and has authored a number of white papers, guides, and research reports. Mold Explosion: Why Now?Fine Homebuilding December 2006/Jan 2007
 The Future of Framing is Here: Smarter strategies can save money, speed construction, improve energy efficiency, and cut down on job-site waste Fine Homebuilding October/November 2005
 Lessons from Florida's Hurricanes: Why Stucco Walls Got Wet. Jose Lstiburek. Journal of Light Construction. July 2005
 Built Wrong from the Start: Top 10 blunders that rot your house, waste your money, and make you sick. Fine Homebuilding April/May 2004
 Water-Managed Wall Systems. Journal of Light Construction March 2003
 Residential Ventilation and Latent Loads. <mask>.ASHRAE Journal April 2002, pages 18–21
 Moisture, Building Enclosures, and Mold: How water gets into a structure, why it doesn't leave, and how these architectural flaws become HVAC headaches. HPAC Engineering December 2001/January 2002

Notes

External links
 official website of Joseph Lstiburek
  Video featuring <mask>iburek
 official website of Building Science Corporation
 official website of the U.S.Department of Energy's Building America Program

1955 births
Living people
Environmental engineers
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian mechanical engineers
Canadian civil engineers
Fellows of ASHRAE

masks:
Joseph Lstiburek
Lstiburek
Lstiburek
Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph W
. Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph W
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph W
. Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph W
. Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lstibure
Joseph Lstiburek
Lstiburek
Joseph Lstiburek
Joseph Lst