texts:
<mask> (22 January 1900 – 23 April 1984) was a Puerto Rican jazz trombonist and composer. He is best known as a member of Duke Ellington's big band, and as the co-writer of the jazz standards "Caravan", "Pyramid", and "Perdido". Biography
<mask> was born in Vega Baja, Puerto Rico. Music was a large part of his life from an early age. His first instrument was the violin, but he soon switched to valve trombone, the instrument he played throughout his career. His musical training came mostly from his uncle <mask>, who was the director of the municipal band and the symphony in San Juan. Throughout his youth, <mask> played in his uncle's band and also gained experience by playing in local operas, ballets and dance bands.In 1920, <mask> joined a band that was traveling to the United States to work in Washington, D.C. The group eventually made it to Washington (traveling as stowaways) and established residence at the Howard Theater, where they played for touring shows and silent movies. At the Howard they also were hired to play in small jazz or dance groups. This is where Tizol first came in contact with Duke Ellington. Tizol joined Ellington's band in mid-1929. Arthur Whetsel, a trumpeter with whom Tizol played in the White Brothers' Band, made the recommendation. Tizol sat beside Tricky Sam Nanton in the two-man trombone section, and became the fifth voice in the brass section of Ellington's orchestra.This opened up new possibilities for Ellington's writing, as he now could write for trombones as a section instead of just having them play with the trumpets. <mask>'s rich, warm tone also blended pleasingly with the saxophone section, so he was often scored carrying the lead melody with the saxes. Along with his distinctive sound, <mask> was also known for being one of the best sight-readers and overall musicians in the band. He played with great accuracy and was considered to be the solid rock of the trombone section. He was not a major improviser in the band, but he was often featured playing written out solos that displayed his masterful technique and agility on the horn. <mask> made many contributions to the Ellington band throughout the 1930s and 1940s. One of his major roles in the band was copying parts from Ellington's scores.Tizol spent time extracting parts that needed to be written out for upcoming shows. Besides copying, <mask> was also a band composer. His best-known compositions, "Caravan" (1936) and "Perdido" (1941), are jazz standards. Mercer Ellington stated that <mask> had invented the melody to "Caravan", from his days studying music in Puerto Rico; where they could not afford much sheet music so the teacher turned the music upside down after they had learned to play it right-side up. This technique became known as 'inverting'. <mask> was responsible for bringing Latin influences into the Ellington band with compositions such as "Moonlight Fiesta", "Jubilesta", "Conga Brava", and others. He also played valide trombone.<mask> left Ellington's band in 1944 to play in the Harry James Orchestra. The main reason for this was to allow him to spend more time with his wife, who lived in Los Angeles. In  1951, he returned to Ellington, along with James's drummer and alto saxophonist, in what became known as 'the James raid'. However, he returned to James' band in 1953 and remained predominantly on the West Coast for the remainder of his career. In Los Angeles, he played sporadically with Harry James, Nelson Riddle, Louis Bellson and on the Nat "King" Cole's television show. <mask> returned very briefly to Ellington's band in the early 1960s, but eventually retired in Los Angeles. He died of a heart attack at the age of 84 on April 23, 1984 in Inglewood, California, two years after the death of his wife, Rosebud.Discography

As sideman
With Louis Bellson
 Journey Into Love (Norgran, 1954)
 Drumorama! (Verve, 1957)
 Music, Romance and Especially Love (Verve, 1957)
 The Brilliant Bellson Sound (Verve, 1960)
 Louis Bellson Swings Jule Styne (Verve, 1960)
 Live in Stereo June 28, 1959 at the Flamingo Hotel Vol. 1 (Jazz Hour, 1992)

With Duke Ellington
 Ellington Uptown (Columbia, 1951)
 Ellington '55 (Capitol, 1954)
 Seattle Concert (RCA Victor, 1954)
 Ellington Showcase (Capitol, 1956)
 Liberian Suite and a Tone Parallel to Harlem (Columbia, 1956)
 Piano in the Background (Columbia, 1960)
 Selections from Peer Gynt Suites Nos. 1 & 2 and Suite Thursday (Columbia, 1960)
 The Nutcracker Suite (Columbia, 1960)
 Paris Blues (United Artists, 1961)

With Harry James
 Dancing in Person with Harry James at the Hollywood Palladium (Columbia, 1954)
 Soft Lights, Sweet Trumpet (Columbia, 1954)
 Harry James in Hi-fi (Capitol, 1955)
 Jazz Session (Columbia, 1955)
 Juke Box Jamboree (Columbia, 1955)
 More Harry James in Hi-fi (Capitol, 1956)
 Requests On-the-Road (MGM, 1962)

With others
 Count Basie, First Time! The Count Meets the Duke (Columbia, 1962)
 Benny Carter, Cosmopolite (Norgran, 1954)
 Nat King Cole, After Midnight (Capitol, 1956)
 Nat King Cole, The Piano Style of Nat King Cole (Capitol, 1956)
 Maxwell Davis, Compositions of Duke Ellington and Others (Crown, 1960)
 Ella Fitzgerald, Get Happy! (Verve, 1959)
 Ella Fitzgerald, Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Irving Berlin Song Book Vol. 1 (Verve, 1960)
 Peggy Lee, The Man I Love (Capitol, 1957)
 Peggy Lee, Jump for Joy (Capitol, 1958)
 Frank Sinatra, Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (Capitol, 1958)

References

Other sources
Dietrich, Kurt.Duke's Bones. Germany: Advance Music, 1995. Print. Serrano, Basilio. "<mask>: His talents, his collaborators, his legacy." Centro Journal Vol XVIII. Number 11 (2006).Print. Mercer Ellington On Marian McPartland's Piano Jazz Mercer Ellington On Piano Jazz

External links

<mask> at Music of Puerto Rico
<mask> at Spaceagepop
Juan Tizol recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings

1900 births
1984 deaths
Swing trombonists
Puerto Rican jazz musicians
People from Vega Baja, Puerto Rico
Duke Ellington Orchestra members
20th-century trombonists

masks:
Juan Tizol Martínez
Tizol
Manuel Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Tizol
Juan Tizol
Juan Tizol
Juan Tizol


type: original

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<mask> is an Iranian-American computer scientist, entrepreneur, and higher education leader. He serves as the 10th president of Carnegie Mellon University. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Iran, where his family hails from Tehran. He emigrated to the United States in 1977 at the age of 16 and completed high school in San Antonio, Texas. <mask> received a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science from the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1982. He earned a master's degree in 1987 and a PhD in computer science in 1989 from the University of Texas at Austin. After receiving his PhD, <mask> began his career at IBM’s Thomas J. Watson Research Center, where he was a research staff member from 1989 to 1993.Career
University of Michigan

In 1993, <mask> joined the faculty at the University of Michigan where he would spend the next 21 years. He held the Edward S. Davidson Collegiate Professorship in the College of Engineering and served as Chair for Computer Science and Engineering from 2007 to 2011 and the Director of the Software Systems Laboratory from 1997 to 2000. His research spans distributed computing, network security and network protocols and architectures. His research has been sponsored by NSF, DHS, DARPA, NSA, ONR as well as companies like Cisco, Intel, Google, Boeing, VeriSign, Hitachi, Hewlett-Packard and IBM. One of <mask>’s most cited papers is "Safety analysis of timing properties in real-time systems." While at the University of Michigan, <mask> led several large-scale research projects that studied the growth and scalability of the Internet infrastructure, which ultimately transformed how cyber threats are addressed by Internet Service Providers. In the late 1990s, his research team, including former students, Craig Labovitz and G. Robert Malan, demonstrated fundamental limitations in the core routing architecture of the Internet by uncovering the fragility of the underlying routing infrastructure.The group’s seminal work on Internet routing stability and convergence served as a catalyst for significant changes in commercial Internet routing software implementation and impacted routing policies employed by Internet Service Providers worldwide. The centerpiece of this work was recognized with an ACM SIGCOMM Test of Time Award in 2008. Anticipating the emergence of increasingly complex, widely distributed cyber-attacks on IP-based networks, long before terms such as “distributed denial of service” and “zero-day worms” entered the mainstream, <mask>’s research team led an effort to develop new techniques that combine network topology information and traffic flow statistics to detect, backtrack and filter DDoS attacks. Arbor Networks

Jahanian’s contributions to Internet stability and security led to the successful commercialization of his research through Arbor Networks, which <mask> co-founded with former UM graduate student G. Robert Malan in 2000. Over a 10-year period, <mask> led the research, co-founded the company, launched its flagship products, and upon his return to the University of Michigan, served as Chief Scientist and Chairman of Arbor Networks until its acquisition in 2010. Early contributors to Arbor Networks’ launch and growth include Craig Labovitz, Dug Song, Ted Julian, Paul Morville, Jon Arnold, and Matt Smart. At Arbor Networks, <mask> and his team developed highly scalable, service provider-class solutions for protecting networks against distributed denial of service attacks, zero-day network threats and routing exploits.These Internet security solutions have been widely implemented by hundreds of Internet Service Providers, wireless carriers, cloud service providers and numerous mission-critical networks around the globe. National Science Foundation

Jahanian led the National Science Foundation Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering from 2011 to 2014. With the budget of over $900 million, he was responsible for directing programs and initiatives that support advances in research and cyber infrastructure, foster broad interdisciplinary collaborations, and contribute to the development of a computing and information technology workforce with skills essential to success in the increasingly competitive global market. The CISE Directorate developed and led several presidential initiatives under his leadership, including the National Robotics Initiative (NRI), the National Big Data Research and Development Initiative (BIGDATA), and Cyberlearning and Future Learning Technologies. Jahanian also played a major role in the launch of public-private partnership programs such as US Ignite and the I-Corps as well as several cross-disciplinary research and education programs, including Secure and Trustworthy Cyberspace (SaTC), Smart and Connected Health (SCH), Algorithms in the Field, and Exploiting Parallelism and Scalability (XPS). He also served as co-chair of the Networking and Information Technology Research and Development (NITRD) Subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council Committee on Technology, providing coordination and oversight of R&D activities of 17 government agencies. Carnegie Mellon University

<mask> joined Carnegie Mellon University as vice president for research in 2014 and later served as provost and chief academic officer from 2015 to 2017.Since July 1, 2017, he has served as its president, succeeding Subra Suresh, first as interim president and later, since March 8, 2018, as president. Under his tenure at CMU, CMU has launched several interdisciplinary research centers, including the Risk and Regulatory Services Innovation Center Sponsored by PwC, the Block Center for Technology and Society, and the Center for Shared Prosperity. He also oversaw several cross-cutting educational innovations, such as a cross-cutting Neuroscience Institute, a behavioral economics programs, and the world’s first undergraduate major in artificial intelligence. He oversaw CMU's launch of the Advanced Robotics Manufacturing Institute, an independent entity supported by more than $250 million in public and private funding, located in the Hazelwood Green development, as well as the launch of the Army AI Task Force headquartered at CMU. He continues to be a vocal proponent of Pittsburgh's thriving tech scene. During his tenure, the university has undergone the largest expansion of campus infrastructure in its history, including significant renovation of education and learning spaces, a re-envisioning of the residential experience, and a new, state-of-the-art maker ecosystem. The university is also investing in infrastructure in support of research and creativity, including the creation of ANSYS Hall, TCS Hall, a Hall of Arts at Posner Hall, and a new Scaife Hall.Projects and initiatives that enhance the CMU experience have been the hallmark of <mask>'s leadership. He chaired the campus-wide Task Force on the CMU Experience, and also launched several projects and initiatives to advance student success, campus climate, and diversity, equity and inclusion. He also has enhanced the competitiveness of CMU's research enterprise, diversifying sources of funding and growing stronger relationships with foundation and industry partners. In May 2021, the university announced that CMU and the Richard King Mellon Foundation were entering the next phase of their partnership with a $150 million gift for CMU’s science and technology programs. The gift will help the university build a cutting-edge science building at the center of its Pittsburgh campus, establish a new Robotics Innovation Center at Hazelwood Green and expand the work of the Manufacturing Futures Initiative. In October 2018, the university announced the launch of Make Possible: The Campaign for Carnegie Mellon University, the most ambitious fundraising campaign in the university’s history with a goal to raise $2B by 2024. Thought Leadership
<mask> has spoken frequently on the topic of higher education’s transformation in the digital age, especially the need to embrace more personalized, interdisciplinary and technology-enhanced approaches.He is also an active advocate for how research can be uniquely central to an innovation ecosystem that drives global competitiveness and addresses national priorities. On April 15, 2021, Jahanian testified before the House Science, Space and Technology Committee. The virtual hearing, titled “Reimagining Our Innovation Future,” focused on increasing federal support for research. During his testimony, he spoke on a number of topics, ranging from increasing research funding to investing in domestic and international talent, to elevating the role of universities in expanding the footprint of innovation. He followed his testimony with an op-ed in The Hill. Service and Honors
<mask> has served on dozens of national advisory boards and panels. He served as chair of the National Research Council’s Computer Science and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) from 2015 to 2021, sits on the executive committee of the U.S. Council on Competitiveness, and is a trustee of the Dietrich Foundation.He has also been a board member of Highmark Health, the Computing Research Association (CRA), the National Center for Women and Information Technology (NCWIT), and the Allegheny Conference on Community Development, among others. He is also active with the World Economic Forum, serving as vice chair of the Global University Leaders Forum (GULF) and as a member of the Global Network Advisory Board for WEF’s Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR). He also serves on C4IR’s Internet of Things Council. He has also received numerous awards for teaching, research and entrepreneurship, including a National Science Foundation CAREER Award (1995), University of Michigan College of Engineering Teaching Excellence Award (1998), DARPA Innovation Award (2000), the State of Michigan Governor’s University Award for Commercialization Excellence (2005) and the ACM SIGCOMM Test of Time Award (2008 and 2021). He is a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers and the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2015, <mask> received the Computing Research Association’s Distinguished Service Award and in 2016, he was honored in Carnegie Corporation of New York’s “Great Immigrants — The Pride of America” campaign. Personal life
Jahanian has a wife, Teresa (known as "Tris"), and three children.On September 26, 2021, one of his sons, <mask>, drowned in the Monongahela River. References

External links
Biography at Carnegie Mellon website

American computer scientists
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Living people
University of Michigan faculty
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences alumni
University of Texas at San Antonio alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Farnam Jahanian
Farnam Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Jahanian
Thomas Jahanian


texts:
<mask> (June 26, 1942 – August 19, 2019) was an American bass guitarist, best known for his work as a member of Canned Heat from 1967. Before joining Canned Heat he had been a session bassist for The Monkees and Jerry Lee Lewis. He was the younger brother of <mask>, long-time drummer of The Ventures. Life and career
<mask> was born in New York, New York. His mother was Jewish and his father was a "WASP" from Tennessee. <mask> played bass guitar in The Gamblers, one of the first rock groups to play instrumental surf music. Its personnel also included Elliot Ingber, a future member of Frank Zappa's Mothers of Invention, Fraternity of Man and Captain Beefheart's The Magic Band; Bruce Johnston, half of the Bruce and Terry duo with Terry Melcher from 1962–66 and longtime "sixth" member of The Beach Boys, for a time brother <mask>, and guitarist-songwriter-bandleader Derry Weaver, who would record and perform in several capacities during the early 1960s.The Gamblers had a local hit in the Los Angeles area with "Moon Dawg" and <mask> played on the recording. <mask> played with Canned Heat from 1967 to 1970, and appeared with them at various festivals including the Monterey International Pop Festival and Woodstock
. His band nickname was "The Mole." In addition to playing bass, he also played lead guitar on occasion. An example can be heard on the track "Down in the Gutter, But Free," on the album Hallelujah. In 1969, due to a dispute with <mask>, Henry Vestine left the band. Guitarist Harvey Mandel filled the void as the band's lead guitarist.In 1970, when John Mayall moved to Los Angeles, <mask> and Mandel quit Canned Heat to join him in the Bluesbreakers. After the Bluesbreakers tours, <mask> played briefly with the Sugarcane Harris Band (later called Pure Food and Drug Act). In 1974, <mask> became part of The Hollywood Fats Band led by Mike "Hollywood Fats" Mann. The pair joined Canned Heat for a King Biscuit Flower Hour concert in 1979. <mask> recorded Reheated in 1988, again with Canned Heat. He toured and recorded with his former band a few more times until 1999. In 2007, <mask> and Harvey Mandel reunited with Fito de la Parra and the rest of the current Canned Heat line-up to perform certain shows.<mask>, Mandel and de la Parra were all in the line-up that played Woodstock. The three members of Canned Heat's Woodstock line-up toured extensively from 2009 to 2013. <mask> became a leading exponent and practitioner of the acoustic upright bass in the contemporary blues scene. He was quite prominently seen with his upright bass in the live blues film, Lightning in a Bottle. He was also featured in a concert DVD released in winter 2013, from the album Time Brings About A Change by Floyd Dixon. This concert features three elder piano players – Dixon, Pinetop Perkins and Henry Gray — and was filmed at the Rhythm Room in Phoenix, Arizona on 1 and 2 June 2006. <mask> played on numerous Tom Waits albums and was the bass player in his touring band.In 2014, <mask> was nominated for a Blues Music Award in the 'Best Instrumentalist – Bass' category. <mask> died on 19 August 2019 at the age of 77 from cancer. Discography

With The Monkees
 The Monkees (1966)
 More of the Monkees (1967)
 The Monkees Present (1969)
 Instant Replay (1969)
 Changes (1970)
 Listen to the Band (1991)
 Greatest Hits (1995)
 Missing Links, Vol. (Finis Tasby, 1998)
 New Depths (The Ventures, 1998)
 Soul Disguise (Cesar Rosas, 1999)
 Zero Zero Zero: The Best of Sam Phillips (Sam Phillips, 1999)
 Something Good for Your Head (Blackburn & Snow, 1999)
 I'm Going All the Way (Peggy Pruitt, 2000)
 I Can Tell (Junior Valentine, 2000)
 World Wide Wood (Lynwood Slim, 2000)
 Mo' Na'Kins, Please!

masks:
Samuel Lawrence Taylor
Mel Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Mel Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Larry Taylor


texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (October 20, 1808 – May 9, 1865), nicknamed "<mask>" by the Union army soldiers under her care, served the final two-and-a-half years of her life as a volunteer nurse in the South during the American Civil War. Initially discouraged from serving because of her age and the harsh conditions of wartime service, the fifty-four-year-old widow left her Fort Wayne, Indiana, home in February 1863 and died in May 1865 of typhoid fever, which she contracted while nursing soldiers and civilians at Wilmington, North Carolina, a month after the end of the war. <mask> was buried with full military honors at Lindenwood Cemetery in Fort Wayne, Indiana; a monument erected near her gravesite pays tribute to her wartime service. In 1863–64, <mask> worked in Union army hospitals in the Western Theater of the war at Memphis, Tennessee, Corinth, Mississippi, and Pulaski, Tennessee, as well as delivering wagonloads of medical supplies and other goods to the Union hospitals and soldiers and transporting additional supplies from Indiana to Union soldiers and hospitals in the South. She also served on hospital trains that transported injured Union soldiers to Chattanooga, Tennessee, during Union General William T. Sherman's Atlanta campaign. As part of the XV Corps hospital, she nursed ill and wounded Union soldiers at field hospitals and near the front lines, including the Battle of Jonesborough (August 31–September 1, 1864), and spent the winter of 1864–65 working in hospitals at Nashville, Tennessee, during the Confederate army's unsuccessful attempt to seize the city. <mask>'s final posting in 1865, before her death at Wilmington, North Carolina, coincided with the transfer of nearly 11,000 newly freed Union prisoners-of-war from Salisbury Prison.Early life and family
<mask><mask>" Hamilton was born at Bridport, Vermont, on October 20, 1808. She married Woodbridge C<mask> (1793–1854) sometime prior to 1850, when it is believed that she moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana. <mask> was the mother of three daughters: Belle G. (<mask>) Bayless (1836–1909), <mask>. (<mask>) Bass Burritt (1834–1914), and Jane "Jennie" M. (<mask>) Jones. Prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War, the widowed <mask> lived at the home of her daughter and son-in-law, <mask> and Sion St. Clair Bass, at 504 West Washington Street in Fort Wayne. Sion Bass served as a Colonel in the Union army, helped to organize the 30th Indiana Infantry Regiment, and became its first commander. His death from wounds he received at the Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 was a catalyst for <mask>'s service as a wartime nurse. Civil War service
Fifty-four-year-old <mask> volunteered for a nursing assignment from the Indiana Sanitary Commission in January 1863.Because of her age and the harsh conditions of wartime service in the South, <mask> was discouraged from pursuing the idea and was informed that the state commission had no available positions. Undeterred, she followed up on a suggestion to apply at the Northwestern branch of the U.S. Sanitary Commission in Chicago, Illinois. Shortly thereafter, an agent for the Indiana Sanitary Commission contacted her to let her know that nurses were urgently needed in Memphis, Tennessee. <mask> left Fort Wayne in February 1863 to volunteer her serves at the Union army hospital at Memphis, where wounded Union soldiers were transported following the Siege of Vicksburg in western Mississippi. In October 1863, after a brief return home on leave, she was transferred a hospital in Corinth, Mississippi. "<mask>," as she was called by the soldiers under her care, also made several trips between Corinth and Memphis, a distance of about , to deliver wagonloads of supplies for Union hospitals and other goods for Union soldiers. In late 1863, after Union General William T. Sherman's troops left Corinth, <mask> went to Pulaski, Tennessee, about  south of Nashville.<mask> and two other U.S. Sanitary Commission nurses, Mary Ann Bickerdyke and <mask> Chappell Porter, established a hospital at Pulaski. <mask> also transported wagonloads of medical supplies from Indiana to Pulaski during the winter of 1863–64. By June 1864, <mask> was working on hospital trains that transported injured Union soldiers to Chattanooga, Tennessee, during General Sherman's Atlanta campaign in northern Georgia. As part of the Union's XV Corps hospital, she nursed ill and wounded Union soldiers at field hospitals and worked near the front lines at Kennesaw Mountain, and elsewhere. <mask> was also present at the Battle of Jonesborough (August 31–September 1, 1864). At times, she slept on the ground, covered in a blanket, to remain near her patients, "often caring for thousands of men at a time." In the fall of 1864, <mask> returned to Fort Wayne on leave while Sherman's troops occupied Atlanta, and moved eastward in Sherman's March to the Sea (Savannah Campaign).After her return to service, <mask> spent the winter of 1864–65 working in hospitals at Nashville, Tennessee, during the Franklin–Nashville Campaign, when Confederate General John Bell Hood made an unsuccessful attempt to seize Nashville in December 1864. <mask> planned to join General Sherman's troops when they reached Savannah, Georgia, but was unable to arrange for a pass and transport. Determined to continue her service in the South, <mask> went to Washington, D.C., in hopes of securing a pass to travel to Savannah. While in Washington she met with Dorothea Dix, appointed superintendent of Union army nurses in 1861. Dix urged her to go to Wilmington, North Carolina, to nurse military and civilian casualties. <mask>'s arrival at Wilmington coincided with the transfer of nearly 11,000 newly freed Union prisoners-of-war from Salisbury Prison. <mask> spent the final months of the war assigned to a Union army hospital in Wilmington nursing ill and starving Union soldiers until she fell ill herself from an outbreak of typhoid fever.Death and legacy
The Indiana Sanitary Commission sent Doctor William H. Wishard, a physician from Indianapolis, Indiana, to care for <mask> at Wilmington, but she did not recover. She died on May 9, 1865, a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, at the end of the war. <mask>, who spent the final two-and-a-half years of her life as a Civil War nurse, cared for thousands of sick and wounded soldiers during the war. Her remains were returned to Fort Wayne, Indiana, and interred on May 16, 1865, at the city's Lindenwood Cemetery with full military honors. Honors and tributes
In December 1865, the Indiana Sanitary Commission and the Fort Wayne Ladies Aid Society were granted permission to erect a monument near <mask>'s gravesite at Lindenwood Cemetery as a tribute to her wartime service. Private donations paid for the memorial; the local cemetery company donated the lot. George Street in Fort Wayne was named in her honor after the Civil War, but it was later changed to West Brackenridge.The Fort Wayne Civil War Roundtable erected a historical marker in May 1965 on Berry Street, near the site of <mask>'s first home in the city. The marker's site is included as one of the stops along the Central Downtown Trail, a present-day walking tour of historic sites in the downtown area. The LaSalle Bed and Breakfast Inn, which includes the historic Sion Bass House in Fort Wayne's West End Historic District has one of the bedrooms in the Bass home named in <mask>'s honor. Notes

1808 births
1865 deaths
Deaths from typhoid fever
American women nurses
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
People from Addison County, Vermont
United States Sanitary Commission people
Women in the American Civil War
American Civil War nurses

masks:
Elizabeth "
Eliza
" George
Mother George
George
George
George
Elizabeth "
Eliza
. George
George
George
Eliza M
George
George
George
Eliza
George
George
George
George
Mother George
George
George
Eliza Emily
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George
George


texts:
<mask> (born 2 October 1985) is a former professional footballer. Initially deployed as a left winger in the early stages of his career, <mask> has been used more frequently in a attacking midfield role as his career has progressed. <mask> started his career in the youth academy at Charlton Athletic, before joining Stevenage Borough of the Football Conference in 2001. He made his first-team debut for Stevenage in 2002, aged 17, and spent five years there, scoring over thirty goals. He signed for League Two club Peterborough United for a fee of £260,000 in January 2007, and won successive promotions in the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons. He joined Nottingham Forest on loan until the end of the 2009–10 season. He returned to Peterborough and was part of the team that won promotion back to the Championship during the 2010–11 season.A loan move to Hull City followed for the remainder of the 2012–13 season, helping the club earn promotion back to the Premier League during the three-month agreement. The move was made permanent and he would go on to be a part of the Hull team that made the FA Cup final in 2014. He signed for Burnley, also of the Premier League, in September 2014, where he spent three seasons. During this time, <mask> gained coverage for his running statistics, running the highest average distance per game in the Premier League during the 2014–15 season. He helped Burnley back to the Premier League during the 2015–16 season. <mask> subsequently joined Sheffield Wednesday in July 2017 and made 50 appearances over two seasons there. He returned to Peterborough United for the 2019–20 season and then spent the following season at Salford City of League Two.<mask> announced his retirement from playing professional football in October 2021. He also played for the England National Game XI team, who represent England at non-League level, from 2005 to 2006, earning six caps and scoring one goal. <mask> qualified to play for Scotland through his maternal grandfather. After playing for the Scotland B team in 2009, he earned his first cap at senior level in 2013. Early life
Born in Chatham, Kent, <mask> grew up in Kent. He combined a course at North Hertfordshire College with playing football. During this time, <mask> worked in a sweet shop at Hitchin railway station to earn the money for his train fare to training.Club career

Stevenage Borough
<mask> started his career as a part of Charlton Athletic's youth system at the age of 10. He was released by Charlton aged 15, and went on to briefly compete for Chatham Town's under-18 team in the Kent Youth League. Following his release from Charlton, <mask> was offered youth contracts by Bristol City, Farnborough Town and Stevenage Borough respectively, opting to join Football Conference club Stevenage on a two-year scholarship in 2001. <mask> made his Stevenage debut at the age of 17 during the 2002–03 season, playing the first-half in a 3–1 defeat against Margate at Broadhall Way on 14 December 2002. <mask> did not play again for the first team that season. The following season, <mask> played eleven times during the second half of the season under new manager Graham Westley, after impressing him during <mask>'s involvement in the FA Youth Cup. <mask> made an impact as a second-half substitute in matches towards the end of that season, assisting all three of Stevenage's goals in a 3–1 victory over Tamworth, as well as scoring his first Stevenage goal in a 2–1 win against Northwich Victoria in April 2004.As a result of his form towards the latter stages of the 2003–04 season, <mask> was a regular in the first team the following season, playing 37 matches and scoring three times as Stevenage made the Conference National play-offs. His first goal of the club's 2004–05 season came in a 4–1 victory against Northwich Victoria, scoring Stevenage's second just before half-time. <mask> was sent-off for the first time in his career in a match against Canvey Island, receiving a straight red card. During the team's 2005–06 season, <mask> started the season with three goals in five games, scoring twice against Woking in a 3–2 defeat, and once against Tamworth. He signed a new three-year contract at the club on 11 November 2005. Throughout the season, <mask> scored 12 times in 47 matches from midfield in all competitions. Under the new management of Mark Stimson ahead of the 2006–07 season, <mask> was deployed in a more central role for the first time in a 2–1 defeat away at Tamworth on 2 September 2006, a match in which he scored Stevenage's solitary goal.In the club's next match, he scored his first competitive hat-trick in a 6–0 win against Stafford Rangers. <mask> scored four goals in a 7–0 victory over Merthyr Tydfil in the FA Trophy on 9 December 2006. In December 2006, Stevenage turned down an initial offer from Peterborough United for <mask>, but on 31 December both parties agreed a deal for the player and <mask> would officially sign for Peterborough on 8 January 2007 for a record Football Conference transfer fee of £260,000. Subsequently, he played his last match for Stevenage a day later in a 3–2 win over Aldershot Town on 1 January 2007, scoring twice. During the first half of the 2006–07 season, <mask> scored 15 goals in 27 matches in all competitions. During his time at Stevenage, <mask> earned the nickname "The White Pelé". Peterborough United

<mask> made his debut for Peterborough in a 3–1 defeat away at Darlington on 13 January 2007, and scored his first goal for the club a month later in a 3–0 win against Wrexham on 10 February 2007.He came off the substitute's bench to score Peterborough's equaliser in a 1–1 draw at home to Boston United, a "superb 35-yard volley". He scored six times for the club during the second half of the 2006–07 season, playing 20 matches – including two goals on the final day of the season in a 3–3 draw with Rochdale. The following year, <mask> played regularly as Peterborough secured promotion to League One, scoring 15 times in 53 matches. During the season, he scored his second professional hat–trick in an 8–2 win against Accrington Stanley. As a result, he was named in the League Two 2008 PFA Team of the Year. He scored ten times in 53 matches in all competitions during the 2008–09 season as Peterborough earned back-to-back promotions into the Championship. <mask> was named in the League One PFA Team of the Year for the second successive year.<mask> played in Peterborough's first match of the 2009–10 season, marking his first appearance in the second tier of English football, scoring from the penalty spot in a 2–1 defeat to Derby County at Pride Park. <mask> made a club record-equalling 124th consecutive appearance on 17 October 2009, scoring a last minute equaliser against Bristol City at Ashton Gate. He subsequently broke the record three days later in a match against Doncaster Rovers, before scoring twice in the following match against Scunthorpe United. Upon Mark Cooper's arrival as manager, <mask> was made team captain in January 2010. Peterborough stated that they had rejected a transfer bid for <mask> from fellow Championship club Middlesbrough in the January transfer window. The following day, Peterborough United director of football Barry Fry confirmed that Middlesbrough were in transfer talks over <mask>, although ultimately the two clubs failed to agree a fee for the player. <mask> scored 12 times in 37 appearances during the 2009–10 season.Nottingham Forest loan
After <mask>'s proposed move to Middlesbrough fell through, he joined fellow Championship club Nottingham Forest on loan on 2 March 2010, on an agreement until the end of the 2009–10 season. Peterborough chairman Darragh MacAnthony described the transfer as "one of the worst moments in his time at London Road". <mask> made his debut for Forest in a 1–0 victory over Swansea City on 6 March 2010, playing the whole match. He struggled for first team appearances during his loan spell there, and although it was expected that <mask>'s move was to be made permanent in the summer, new Peterborough United manager Gary Johnson suggested "there's every chance" that <mask> could return to his parent club. <mask> made Forest's starting eleven for the first time in almost a month on the last day of the club's regular season; playing in a 2–2 draw away at Scunthorpe United and scoring Forest's second goal. It was to be <mask>'s last appearance of the season for Forest, as he did not play in the club's unsuccessful play-off campaign. He made six appearances during his time at the club, scoring one goal.Return to Peterborough
<mask> returned to his parent club ahead of the 2010–11 season, with Peterborough competing in League One following the club's relegation from the Championship the previous season. <mask> agreed a new three-year contract with Peterborough on 10 July 2010. He scored in Peterborough's first match of the 2010–11 season, a 3–0 win against Bristol Rovers on 7 August 2010. He went on to score five goals in five matches throughout February and March, scoring once against Colchester United. This goal was followed by braces against Exeter City and Carlisle United respectively, although <mask> missed the chance to complete his hat-trick in the latter match when he missed a 90th-minute penalty. Three days later, on 15 March 2011, <mask> scored twice against Sheffield Wednesday in a 4–1 victory at Hillsborough. He made it eight goals in eight matches when he scored in Peterborough's 2–2 away draw at Bristol Rovers.<mask> played in all three of Peterborough's play-off fixtures, which included the whole match in the 2011 League One play-off Final at Old Trafford as Peterborough beat Huddersfield Town 3–0 to earn promotion back to the Championship. During the club's campaign, <mask> scored 17 goals in 51 appearances. Ahead of the 2011–12 season, Peterborough rejected two bids for <mask> from Burnley. He played in the club's first match of the season on 6 August 2011, playing the whole match as Peterborough secured a 2–1 victory over Crystal Palace on their return to the second tier of English football. He went on to score eight times during the season, making 48 appearances in all competitions, as Peterborough consolidated their position in the Championship. At the end of that season, <mask> rejected the offer of a contract extension at Peterborough with one year remaining on his current deal. Consequently, he was placed on the transfer list as part of the club's new transfer policy.<mask> remained transfer-listed for the remainder of his time at Peterborough. Despite this, he continued to play regularly, opening the 2012–13 season by scoring two goals in his first three appearances. In October 2012, <mask> scored his fourth and fifth goals of the season in a 3–1 home win over Huddersfield Town on 23 October 2012. His second goal during the match was a dipping volley from just inside the Huddersfield half, a goal that was described as "world-class". In January 2013, Peterborough rejected a transfer bid from Nottingham Forest for <mask>, an offer that club chairman Darragh MacAnthony described as "derisory". Eight clubs had enquired about <mask> during the transfer window. Towards the end of the 2013 January transfer window, on 29 January 2013, Peterborough accepted an offer for <mask> from fellow Championship club Crystal Palace.A day later, several other Championship teams had improved transfer bids accepted, including Nottingham Forest, who met Peterborough's £500,000 valuation. <mask> opted to speak to Forest and agreed terms with them on 31 January 2013, only for the club to pull out of the deal two hours before the transfer deadline, stating <mask> had failed a medical due to an "inconclusive eye test". Peterborough's Director of football Barry Fry criticised Nottingham Forest's owners for pulling out of the deal to sign <mask>, and chairman MacAnthony said, "He's played 300 matches and scored from the halfway line the other month, but Forest say he has an eyesight problem. The whole thing stinks. Alex McLeish wanted to sign him. It's the most ridiculous thing that's happened to me." Peterborough subsequently said that with <mask>'s contract expiring in the summer, they would be prepared to offer him a new contract or let him leave on loan when the emergency loan window opened, with at least one club having signalled their interest in signing him on a loan agreement.Hull City

<mask>  subsequently joined Championship club Hull City on loan until the end of the 2012–13 season on 21 February 2013, with a view to a permanent move. He made his debut two days after signing, coming on as a second-half substitute for Robert Koren in a 4–1 away defeat to Bolton Wanderers. <mask>'s full debut came at home in the following match a week later, as he scored twice in a 5–2 victory over Birmingham City on 2 March 2013. After the performance, Hull manager Steve Bruce stated – "It was a wonder show. His work-rate and intelligence – he looked the real deal. I've

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 always been a big admirer, but I didn't know he was that good. If he can keep performing like that then we've got some player on our hands".He played regularly for the remainder of the season, including in Hull's 2–2 home draw with Cardiff City on the last day of the season, the match that ultimately secured the club's promotion back to the Premier League. During his loan spell, <mask> made thirteen appearances and scored four times. He signed for Hull on a permanent basis on 28 May 2013, joining on a two-year contract. He made his Premier League debut on the opening day of the 2013–14 season when he came off the substitute's bench in a 2–0 loss against Chelsea at Stamford Bridge. <mask> scored his first goal of the season, also his first in the top tier of English football, in Hull's 6–0 home win against Fulham on 28 December 2013, meeting Ahmed Elmohamady's cross to score the fourth of six-second-half goals. He scored the only goal of the game courtesy of a "towering header" as Hull secured a crucial 1–0 win over Swansea City on 5 April 2014; the victory helping move Hull "a substantial step closer to securing their Premier League status for another season". As well as helping Hull secure Premier League safety, <mask> also played in all seven of Hull's FA Cup matches that season, culminating in an appearance as a substitute in a 3–2 extra-time loss to Arsenal in the 2014 FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium on 17 May 2014.<mask> made 39 appearances for Hull during the season, scoring twice. <mask> remained at Hull for the start of the 2014–15 season and started in Hull's first appearance in a major European competition, also making his European debut, in a 1–0 first leg play-off round defeat away to Lokeren on 21 August 2014. The start proved to be only one of two appearances for Hull during the opening month of the season as manager Steve Bruce stated <mask> was nearing a move to fellow Premier League club Burnley. Ahead of the move being confirmed, Bruce stated "I wish him well. I've been in the game a long time and if all professional footballers were like <mask> my job would be easy". During his year-and-a-half stay at Hull, <mask> made 54 appearances and scored six goals. Burnley

The move to Burnley was confirmed on 1 September 2014, <mask> signing for an undisclosed fee "believed to be in the region of £3million" and on a three-year contract.He made his debut in a 0–0 draw against Crystal Palace at Selhurst Park on 13 September 2014, playing the whole match. <mask> scored his first goal for Burnley in the club's 3–1 defeat to West Ham United at Turf Moor on 18 October 2014, briefly halving the deficit when he reacted the quickest to latch onto Michael Kightly's cross. He scored three goals within the space of a month in December 2014 into January 2015 when he netted twice in two draws with Newcastle United, as well as scoring the first goal in a 2–2 comeback draw away at Manchester City. <mask> proceeded to score in the corresponding home fixture against Manchester City on 14 March 2015, his fifth goal of the season, when he "arrowed in a low half-volley" to secure a "famous" 1–0 win. He made 37 appearances during the season, scoring five times, as his first season at the club ended in relegation back to the Championship. <mask> finished the season as having covered an average of 7.45 miles per game, the highest average distance of any player in the Premier League that season. He was voted Burnley's Player of the Year at the end of the season, which <mask> described as a "great honour".<mask> remained at Burnley for the 2015–16 season back in the Championship, starting in the opening day 1–1 draw away at Leeds United. He scored once during the first half of the season, scoring the winning goal in a 2–1 home victory against Milton Keynes Dons on 15 September 2015, a win that helped Burnley secure their fourth successive league victory. <mask>'s first-half goal in Burnley's 2–1 away win at Birmingham City on 16 April 2016 helped move them to within two points of the top of the Championship. Burnley would go on to win the Championship title after securing a 3–0 away win at already relegated Charlton Athletic on the final day of the season, with <mask> scoring the second goal of the match when he "smashed the ball home from eight yards" shortly after half-time. He played 47 times and scored five goals as Burnley returned to the Premier League at the first time of asking. <mask> started in Burnley's first game back in the top flight to open the 2016–17 season, playing the whole match in a 1–0 home defeat to Swansea City. His running statistics were once again highlighted during the season when he had run 58.3 miles in Burnley's opening seven fixtures, five percent more than Jordan Henderson in second place.He scored his first goal of the season in a 3–2 home win over AFC Bournemouth on 10 December 2016, latching onto Andre Gray's backheel before finishing low into the corner of the goal. <mask> scored in Burnley's crucial 1–0 victory against Stoke City on 4 April 2017, ending a run of seven games without a win. He played in 36 of Burnley's 38 Premier League fixtures that season as they secured safety after finishing in 16th position, scoring twice. <mask> was in contract talks with Burnley in April 2017 with his contract running out in the summer. Further talks took place in May, although ultimately no contract extension was agreed. He made 123 appearances during his three-year tenure at the club, scoring 12 goals. Sheffield Wednesday
<mask> subsequently signed for Championship club Sheffield Wednesday on a free transfer on 3 July 2017, joining on a two-year deal until 2019.Despite dropping down a level to the Championship, <mask> described the move as a "no-brainer". He made his debut for Sheffield Wednesday on the opening day of the 2017–18 season, playing the opening 67 minutes in a 1–0 defeat away at Preston North End. <mask> suffered a shoulder injury in September 2017 that was initially described as "nothing serious", but would ultimately require two separate surgeries and keep him out of the first team for four months. He returned to the first team on 6 January 2018, playing 68 minutes in a 0–0 draw at Carlisle United in the FA Cup. <mask> scored his first goal for Sheffield Wednesday in the club's 3–1 victory over Reading at Hillsborough on 26 January 2018. He made 25 appearances during the injury-disrupted season, scoring three times. Having made the same number of appearances during the 2018–19 season, <mask> was released by Sheffield Wednesday on 5 May 2019.Return to Peterborough United
Without a club ahead of the 2019–20 season, <mask> signed a two-year contract with former club Peterborough United, competing in League One, on 15 July 2019. <mask> started in the club's first match of the season, a 3–1 home defeat to Fleetwood Town on 3 August 2019, and went on to make 24 appearances that season. Due to a new £2.5million salary cap placed on all League One teams, <mask> was placed on the transfer-list by Peterborough on 28 August 2020. A month later, director of football Barry Fry stated he was "astonished" that the club had received no offers for <mask>. <mask> made his only appearance for Peterborough during the 2020–21 season on 6 October 2020, scoring in a 4–2 EFL Trophy victory against Fulham under-21s. He was released by the club on 13 October 2020, with <mask> stating he was "gutted" his time at Peterborough had concluded, as well as feeling frustration at not being able to play due to the new salary constraints. Salford City
After his departure from Peterborough, <mask> signed a contract with League Two club Salford City on 3 November 2020, with the agreement running for the remainder of the 2020–21 season.He made his Salford debut in the club's 2–1 away defeat to Cambridge United on the same day as his signing was announced, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute in the match. <mask> played 13 times during his time at Salford, leaving the club upon the expiry of his contract in June 2021. <mask> announced his retirement from playing professional football on 28 October 2021. He made 694 appearances in all competitions over a 19-year playing career, scoring 130 goals. International career

England C
<mask> was called up for the England C team in October 2005 and played in a European Challenge Trophy match against Belgium under-23s He subsequently played in two more matches in the same competition. He played against Italy in February 2006. He then scored his first goal for England C in a 4–1 win against Holland XI in November 2006 in the final match of the competition.Scotland
<mask> was called up for the Scotland B team on 30 April 2009, after obtaining documentary proof that his maternal grandfather was born in Glasgow. <mask> started and subsequently scored in a 3–0 victory against a Northern Ireland B team, scoring the second goal of the match, giving a performance described as containing "flair and commitment". <mask> received his first call-up to the senior team on 7 March 2013, when he was named in manager Gordon Strachan's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers against Wales and Serbia. He earned his first senior cap in a 2–0 away defeat to Serbia on 26 March 2013. <mask> started the match, playing the whole game at the Karađorđe Stadium in Novi Sad. Style of play

Initially deployed solely as a winger, <mask> has been used in central midfield positions as his career has progressed. <mask> prefers to play "in the hole" because the position allows him to get more time on the ball.He has expressed his willingness to "play anywhere" to help the team, believing his versatility across the midfield and attacking areas to be one of his main strong-points. Under former Peterborough United manager, Jim Gannon, <mask> was given a "free-role", playing across the midfield and behind the strikers. Gannon believes that <mask> is at his best when he "is saved from doing defensive work that wingers may have to do", and as a result, during Gannon's time at Peterborough, was deployed just behind the strikers as part of a 3–4–1–2 formation. He is predominantly left-footed, and scores the majority of his goals with his left-foot, but is also comfortable using his right. During his time at Stevenage, <mask> earned the nickname "The White Pelé" – this was due to his use of tricks, as well as the flair <mask> brought to the team. He has been labelled a creative and flamboyant midfielder, and described as "a player who will create goalscoring opportunities all game long". <mask> has stated that he considers assisting goals a "big part of his game".<mask>'s creative nature is emphasised by the fact that he assisted over 50 goals for Peterborough during his time at London Road. Peterborough United manager Darren Ferguson has said that <mask> "has the tendency, and ability, to score goals from long distance", talking after <mask>'s 35-yard volley against Boston United. This was further highlighted when <mask> scored from just inside the opposition's half in a win against Huddersfield Town in October 2012. Since the introduction of the Premier League's statistical analysis that "covers every sprint over every blade of Premier League grass" during the 2014–15 season, <mask>'s running statistics have gained significant coverage. Throughout the season, he covered an average of 7.45 miles per game, the highest average distance of any player in the Premier League that season. This resulted in <mask> being described as the Premier League's "most industrious" player, as well as being praised for his high fitness levels. Personal life

<mask> has three children.He supports Crystal Palace, whom he used to watch regularly, and states former Palace striker Chris Armstrong was a player he aspired to play like. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Peterborough United
League Two runners-up: 2007–08
League One runners-up: 2008–09
League One play-offs: 2011

Hull City
Championship runners-up: 2012–13

Burnley
Championship: 2015–16

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2007–08 League Two, 2008–09 League One
Burnley Player of the Year: 2014–15

See also
 List of Scotland international footballers born outside Scotland
List of sportspeople who competed for more than one nation

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Chatham, Kent
Footballers from Kent
English footballers
England semi-pro international footballers
English people of Scottish descent
Scottish footballers
Scotland B international footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football wingers
Association football forwards
Association football utility players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Stevenage F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Burnley F.C.players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
National League (English football) players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Salford City F.C. players
FA Cup Final

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<mask> was a French-American internationally acclaimed martial artist, instructor, author and researcher best known as the first B.F. Savate instructor in the US. He also continued the development of martial arts on five continents and is Head of the French association of Jeet Kune Do and Filipino Kali. Early life

He was born in a French-Belgian-Algerian family. His mother is from Northern France, her father was Belgian (Flemish), <mask>'s father was from North Africa, Algeria and came to France when he was 16, but to reside in France he had to state that he is two years older than he actually was. <mask>'s father used to work in a plastic manufacturing factory and his mother was a housewife taking care of four children. Career
<mask> had been a martial arts practitioner since the 1970s, and his journey started with Bruce Lee's Jeet Kune Do. Prior to that, he competed as a gymnast under Dominique Lescornez at the "La Renaissance" club for 10 years until the age of 18.In 1983, while in his early 20's, he moved from France to the US (Los Angeles) at the invitation of Dan Inosanto, a student of Bruce Lee, to study directly under his tutelage. <mask> was desperately trying to get a response from Dan Inosanto and when he almost gave up, he received a handwritten letter from Inosanto. <mask> became a proficient coach in more than ten combative martial arts, and is acknowledged as the leading and first certified Savate instructor in North America. He was a published writer and was featured in countless martial arts publications such as Black Belt Magazine, Inside Kung Fu, Budo International, World of Martial Arts and Dragon Magazine among other publications and TV shows. As an author and researcher, he was interested in the history of edged weapons and archery and has a passion for archeology, cultural history and religious studies. Other figures that have influenced his values are Georges Brassens, Jean Ferrat, Jacques Brel, Bob Marley and Raël. Martial Arts
<mask> was the first Frenchman to graduate and be certified as a Senior Full instructor in Jun Fan Gung Fu Jeet Kune Do and the Filipino martial arts under Dan Inosanto.In 1986 he received his first teaching certificates in both Jun Fan Jeet Kune Do and Filipino martial arts. <mask> also studied Muay Thai under Ajarn Chai Sirisute (President of Thai Boxing Association in the USA) and earned his instructorship from the Thai Boxing Association of America. He then became the first Muay Thai instructor of the Inosanto International Instructors Association. <mask> trained with the son of Bruce Lee, Brandon Lee at the Inosanto Academy. He was the Thai pads holder during Brandon's examination in Thai boxing. <mask> also gave martial arts private lessons to Hollywood actor Fred Ward. Dan Inosanto encouraged <mask> to master the art of his homeland, Savate, so that he could teach it to the students of the Inosanto Academy and worldwide.His first step into the world of French Savate started with an old book that Inosanto lent him - “Boxe Francaise history and tradition” by  (Student of Count Pierre Baruzy), Golden Glove of French Boxing, two times French champion. He continues researching Savate along his life, particularly traditional old-style Savate. Back in France <mask> earned his 1st degree Silver Glove from France's National Technical Director, Bob Alix. <mask> finished first in his class of 50 students, acquiring the highest grading, all without previously having an instructor or a teacher. One year later in Los Angeles, <mask> earned the prestigious diploma of Professeur of Savate Boxe Francaise and his 2nd degree Silver Glove along with members of the French Elite Team such as Richard Sylla and Robert Paturel. Martial arts proficient in

 Lee Jun Fan Kick Boxing
 Jeet Kune Do (the Art and Philosophy of Bruce Lee)
 Filipino Martial Arts (Kali - Eskrima - Silat)
 Wing Chun Kung Fu
 Muay Thai Boxing
 Savate Boxe Française (French Foot Fighting)
 The Madjapahit Martial Arts
 Maphilindo Silat
 Shoot Wrestling
 Krabi Krabong (Thai swords and weapons training)
 Chinese Sword Play
 Parisien Fighting and Savate Defense
 French Cane Fighting and Bâton of combat
 Capoeira

Trained with
 Dan Inosanto
 Surachai Sirisute
 Bud Thompson
 “Leo” Miguel Giron
 Edgar Sulite
 Yori Nakamura
 Francis Fong
 Gene LeBell
 Wally Jay
 Jean Jacques Machado
 "Ted" Lucaylucay Jr.
 Brandon Lee

<mask>'s passing
In March 2021, <mask> got into a severe motorcycle accident in Los Angeles. He was hit by another vehicle while riding two blocks away from his home to get some breakfast.He was delivered to the emergency room at UCLA Hospital with ten broken ribs, a cut tongue, a broken nose, a tooth in his lung, a bleeding kidney and liver, and a completely crushed leg bone. <mask> went through several surgeries and doctors were able to save his leg and organs. Partially recovered from the accident and already at home, in September <mask> was diagnosed with Covid-19 and immediately hospitalized. After 54 days of hospitalization, he could not resist the infection and passed away on the afternoon of November 5, 2021. He left his beloved wife Shiyun Chen and a legion of students around the world. Accomplishments
 1st degree Silver Glove
 2nd degree Silver Glove
 Professeur of savate boxe française
 3rd Degree Black Belt in FMA
 Senior Full Instructor in Jeet Kune Do
 Senior Full instructor in Filipino Martial Arts (FMA)

Publications
Books:
 French Savate. <mask> Assli.2000
 Jeet Kune Do (Jun Fan Gung Fu, Kick-boxing). <mask>li 2001
 Jeet Kune Do. Dan Inosanto and <mask>li. 2013

<mask> was working on a 700 pages book dedicated to Savate Boxe Française that he had been researching for 30 years. At the recommendation of a historian on French martial arts, Sylvain Salvini (former President of the International Savate Boxe Française Federation and a Golden Glove) Salem accumulated as many historical documents as possible about Savate. The book remains unfinished. <mask> was still planning to write a book on Filipino martial arts.References

Further reading

 Bey Logan,  Donnie Yen. "Bruce Lee and I: A Biography and A Memoir". 2020

External links
 <mask> Assli | website

American Jeet Kune Do practitioners
American male karateka
American Muay Thai practitioners
Muay Thai trainers
American martial artists of Filipino descent
Filipino male karateka
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

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<mask> (October 13, 1906 – April 22, 2007) was a German philosopher, pedagogue and former director general of the German television station ZDF. Life

<mask> was born in Frankfurt am Main and after the abitur in 1926 studied  philosophy, pedagogy, psychology, and German at  Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the Sorbonne, the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main and the University of Bonn. In 1929, he was awarded his Ph.D. from Munich. After university he applied to the Pedagogic Academy in Bonn and did his First Examination as a Volksschullehrer. His reason for becoming a teacher was, according to him: "If you want to educate as a Volksschule teacher, then you have to go to Volksschule yourself." In 1931, <mask> was co-publisher of the magazine "Stimmen der Jugend" ("Voices of Youth") in Düsseldorf. Within a short time, he became an assistant at the Psychological Institute of the University of Bonn and in November 1931 became assistant in the psychological department of the Westdeutscher Rundfunk.In politics he got involved in the "Reichsjugendausschuss" (Council of the Youth in the Reich) of the Zentrumspartei. Parallel to his occupations, an application to become a professor was started. Third Reich

After the Machtergreifung, Holzamer had to end his political engagement. At his broadcaster, his boss and the director general were laid-off, so he had to lead the educational department on his own, then the agricultural department (without proper experience) because of no party membership to the NSDAP, the language department and confessional morning celebrations (CMC). The last post (CMC) existed still in 1937 at the previously-renamed "Reichsender Köln" despite an order not to have such a department. At the beginning of World War II, Holzamer was drafted into the army. He came as an air-gunner into the Luftwaffe (Air Force) and became war reporter for audio news.At the end of WW II, he was a prisoner-of-war of the French, where he worked as a translator. Educational life

<mask> handed in his application as professor at the Prussian Cultural Ministry ( under the direction of Adolf Grimme. The professorship expired in 1937, but despite there being  vacancies, he wasn't allocated to the university service. After World War II, with his good certificates from various high-level universities, the American occupation force facilitated him in 1946 to a professorship in philosophy, psychology and pedagogy at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. In 1952 he was appointed professor ordinarius. In 1948, he got professorship for scholastic philosophy and pedagogy. As a representative of the University of Mainz, he got into the television council of the Südwestfunk Baden-Baden (precursor of the Südwestrundfunk).Because Holzamer was the only one of 49 people with practical experience, he was from 1949 to 1960 the chairman. ZDF

<mask> was recommended by then-Chancellor Konrad Adenauer in 1960 as director general of the proposed private television "Freies Fernsehen Gesellschaft" (FFG). The board of directors rejected the recommendation. As a CDU candidate - where he had the overwhelming approval of the rival SPD -he was elected director general by the television council of the ZDF, the successor of the FFG. He was re-elected twice. In 1977, he retired. His successor in the post was <mask> von Hase.Wim Thoelke, a prominent former television host, said of the time of Holzamer at the ZDF: "<mask>er was a man of vitalizing optimism, as well as highly intelligent and critical in a positive kind of manner. Without him, it would impossible for the ZDF to be successful." Holzamer co-created the Aktion Sorgenkind, a German humanitarian organization (renamed to Aktion Mensch), by extending its cause well beyond the television show Vergißmeinnicht (Forget-me-not). Holzamer was an honorary member of club KStV Kurpfalz Mainz im KV. Private life
<mask> married in 1932 his fiancé Helene, with whom he had four children. Helene died in 1992. Awards and Honorations
 Bundesverdienstkreuz
 Großkreuz des päpstlichen Gregoriusordens
 Hans-Bredow-Medal
 Hans-Bausch-Media Award
 1980 Adolf Grimme Award
 1982 Order of Merit of Rhineland-Palatinate
 1983 Honorary Citizen of the City of Mainz
 1983 Eduard Rhein Ring of Honor from the Eduard Rhein Foundation
 2003 Premio Capo Circeo

Works
 Grundfragen des neuzeitlichen Humanismus, Kupferberg, Mainz 1947.(= Mainzer Universitäts-Reden; H. 4)
 Einführung in die Philosophie. Grundlegung der Erkenntnis-Theorie als Fundament der übrigen Disziplinen, Kupferberg, Mainz 1947. Einführung in die Pädagogik, Kirchheim, Mainz 1949. Grundriss einer praktischen Philosophie: Freiheit, Toleranz, Sittlichkeit, Ressentiment, Knecht, Frankfurt am Main 1951. Kind und Radio, Klett-Verlag, Stuttgart 1954. (= Bedrohte Jugend – drohende Jugend; 34)
 Die Einführung junger Menschen in die soziale Verantwortung. Ein Vortrag, Frankfurt am Main 1959.(= Schriften des Deutschen Paritätischen Wohlfahrtsverbandes; 19)
 Authoritarismus und Nationalismus. Ein deutsches Problem? Bericht über eine Tagung, Europäische Verlagsanstalt, Frankfurt am Main 1963. (= Politische Psychologie; 2)
 Die Verantwortung des Menschen für sich und seinesgleichen. Reden und Aufsätze, Bertelsmann-Verlag Gütersloh 1966. Kunst und Konfektion im Bereich der Publizistik, Versuch eines Brückenschlags, Sebaldus, Nürnberg 1969. Projekte, Probleme und Perspektiven des Fernstudiums im Medienverbund, Athenaeum, Frankfurt am Main 1970.(= Lehren und lernen im Medienverbund; 1)
 Das Wagnis. Zum Sehen geboren, zum Schauen bestellt, von Hase u. Koehler, Mainz 1979
 Anders, als ich dachte. Lebenserinnerungen des ersten ZDF-Intendanten, Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau u.a. 1983. (= Herderbücherei; 1066)
 Einführung in die Welt des Denkens, Pattloch-Verlag 1990,

References

Sources
 Reden zur Verabschiedung von Professor Dr. <mask> und zur Einführung des Intendanten <mask> von Hase, ZDF Mainz 1977. External links

News of Death of April 23, 2007

German centenarians
Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
1906 births
2007 deaths
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
University of Paris alumni
University of Bonn alumni
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz faculty
German male writers
ZDF people
20th-century German philosophers
Men centenarians

masks:
Johannes Karl Holzamer
Karl Holzamer
Holzamer
Karl Holzamer
Karl Holzamer
Karl Günther
Karl Holzam
Karl Holzamer
Karl Holzamer
Karl Güher


texts:
<mask> (né <mask>; September 24, 1948 – May 28, 1998) was a Canadian-American actor, comedian, screenwriter, and graphic designer. <mask> was born in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, and his family moved to the United States when he was ten years old. After graduating from California State University, Northridge with a degree in graphic arts, he designed album covers for bands including Poco and America. In 1975, <mask> joined the comedy group The Groundlings, where he helped Paul Reubens develop his character Pee-wee Herman. Hartman co-wrote the film Pee-wee's Big Adventure and made recurring appearances as Captain Carl on Reubens' show Pee-wee's Playhouse. In 1986, <mask> joined the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live (SNL) as a cast member, and stayed for eight seasons until 1994. Nicknamed "Glue" for his ability to hold the show together and help other cast members, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for his SNL work in 1989.In 1995, he starred as Bill McNeal in the sitcom NewsRadio after declining to return to SNL. He also voiced various characters on The Simpsons, and had minor roles in the films Houseguest, Sgt. Bilko, Jingle All the Way, and Small Soldiers. After two divorces, <mask> married Brynn Omdahl in 1987, with whom he had two children. Their marriage was troubled due to Brynn's  drug use and domestic violence against <mask>, who was frequently absent from home. In 1998, while Hartman was sleeping in his bed, his wife shot and killed him, and later committed suicide. In the weeks following his murder, Hartman was celebrated in a wave of tributes.Dan Snierson of Entertainment Weekly wrote that <mask> was "the last person you'd expect to read about in lurid headlines in your morning paper ... a decidedly regular guy, beloved by everyone he worked with". He was posthumously inducted into the Canada and Hollywood Walks of Fame in 2012 and 2014. Early life

<mask> was born <mask> <mask> (later dropping one "n") on September 24, 1948, in Brantford, Ontario. He was the fourth of eight children of Doris Marguerite (née Wardell; July 17, 1919 – April 15, 2001) and Rupert Loebig <mask> (November 8, 1914 – April 30, 1998), who sold  building materials. The family was Catholic. As a child, Hartman found affection hard to earn: "I suppose I didn't get what I wanted out of my family life, so I started seeking love and attention elsewhere." Hartman was ten when his family moved to the United States.They first lived in Lewiston, Maine, then Meriden, Connecticut, and then on the West Coast, where he attended Westchester High School and frequently acted as the class clown. After graduating, he studied art at Santa Monica City College, dropping out in 1969 to become a roadie with a rock band. He returned to school in 1972 to study graphic arts at California State University, Northridge. He developed and operated his own graphic art business, creating more than 40 album covers for bands including Poco and America, as well as advertising and the logo for Crosby, Stills & Nash. In the late 1970s, he made his first television appearance on an episode of The Dating Game, where he won. Career

Early career (1975–1985)
Working alone as a graphic artist, Hartman frequently amused himself with "flights of voice fantasies". In 1975, seeking a more social outlet for his talents, he began attending evening comedy classes by the California-based improvisational comedy group The Groundlings.While watching one of their performances, he impulsively decided to climb on stage and join the cast. His first onscreen appearance was in 1978's Stunt Rock, an Australian film directed in Los Angeles by Brian Trenchard-Smith. After several years of training, paying his way by redesigning the group's logo and merchandise, Hartman formally joined The Groundlings and by 1979 was one of the show's stars. There Hartman befriended Paul Reubens, with whom he often collaborated on comedic material. Together they created the character Pee-wee Herman and developed The Pee-wee Herman Show, a live stage show that subsequently aired on HBO in 1981. <mask> played Captain Carl in the show, and reprised the role for the children's TV show Pee-wee's Playhouse. Reubens and Hartman made cameos in the 1980 film Cheech & Chong's Next Movie.<mask> co-wrote the script of the 1985 feature film Pee-wee's Big Adventure and had a cameo role as a reporter. He'd considered quitting acting at the age of 36 due to the challenges of finding work; but the success of Pee-wee's Big Adventure changed his mind. After a creative disagreement with Reubens, he left the Pee-Wee Herman project to pursue other roles. <mask> took more small roles in 1986 films such as Jumpin' Jack Flash and Three Amigos. He also worked as a voice actor in animated television programs, including The Smurfs, Challenge of the GoBots, The 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo, and in Dennis the Menace as characters Henry Mitchell and George Wilson. He developed a strong persona providing voice-overs for advertisements. Saturday Night Live (1986–1994)

<mask> successfully auditioned to join NBC's variety show Saturday Night Live (SNL) in its 12th season, which began on October 11, 1986.He had been recommended for the show by fellow Groundlings and SNL cast members Jon Lovitz, and Laraine Newman as well as Jumpin' Jack Flash director Penny Marshall. He told the Los Angeles Times, "I wanted to do [SNL] because I wanted to get the exposure that would give me box-office credibility so I can write movies for myself." In his eight seasons with the show <mask> became known for his impressions, and performed as over 70 different characters. <mask>'s original SNL characters include Eugene, the Anal Retentive Chef and Unfrozen Caveman Lawyer. His impressions include Frank Sinatra, Ronald Reagan, Ed McMahon, Barbara Bush, Charlton Heston, <mask>e, and Bill Clintonthe latter considered his best-known impression. <mask> first performed his Clinton impression on an episode of The Tonight Show. When he met Clinton in 1993, Hartman remarked, "I guess I owe you a few apologies", adding later that he "sometimes [felt] a twinge of guilt about [his Clinton impression]".Clinton showed good humor and sent <mask> a signed photo with the text: "You're not the president, but you play one on TV. And you're OK, mostly." Hartman copied the president's "post-nasal drip" and the "slight scratchiness" in his voice, as well as his open, "less intimidating" hand gestures. <mask> opted against wearing a larger prosthetic nose when portraying Clinton, as he thought it would be distracting. He instead wore a wig, dyed his eyebrows brighter, and used makeup to highlight his nose. In one of <mask>'s sketches as Clinton, the president visits a McDonald's restaurant and explains his economic policies in the metaphor of eating other customers' food. The writers told him that he was not eating enough during rehearsals for the sketch – by the end of the live performance, Hartman had eaten so much he could barely speak.At SNL, <mask>'s nickname of "Glue" was coined by Adam Sandler according to Jay Mohr's book Gasping for Airtime. However, according to You Might Remember Me: The Life and Times of <mask> by Mike Thomas, author and staff writer for the Chicago Sun-Times, the nickname was created by SNL cast member and <mask>'s frequent on-screen collaborator Jan Hooks. Hartman was very helpful to other cast members. For example, he aided Hooks in overcoming her stage fright. SNL creator Lorne Michaels explained the name: "He kind of held the show together. He gave to everybody and demanded very little. He was very low-maintenance."Michaels also added that <mask> was "the least appreciated" cast member by commentators outside the show, and praised his ability "to do five or six parts in a show where you're playing support or you're doing remarkable character work". <mask> won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety, Music or Comedy Program for SNL in 1989, sharing the award with the show's other writers. He was nominated in the same category in 1987, and individually in 1994 for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program. By 1993, almost every cast member who was there during <mask>'s first year on SNL had left the show, including Jon Lovitz, Jan Hooks and Dana Carvey. Hartman said he felt "like an athlete who's watched all his World Series teammates get traded off into other directions ... It was hard to watch them leave because I sort of felt we were all part of the team that saved the show." This cast turnover contributed to his leaving the show in 1994.<mask> said he thought it was time to leave because the show was "getting less sophisticated" and his style of humor didn't fit with the less intellectual comedy of newer cast members like Adam Sandler. <mask> had originally planned to leave the show in 1991, but Michaels convinced him to stay to raise his profile; his portrayal of Clinton contributed to this goal. Jay Leno offered him the role of his sidekick on The Tonight Show but <mask> opted to stay on SNL. NBC persuaded him to stay on SNL by promising him his own comedy–variety show The Phil Show. He planned to "reinvent the variety form" with "a hybrid, very fast-paced, high energy [show] with sketches, impersonations, pet acts, and performers showcasing their talents". <mask> was to be the show's executive producer and head writer. Before production began, however, the network decided that variety shows were too unpopular and canceled the series.In a 1996 interview, <mask> noted he was glad, as he "would've been sweatin' blood each week trying to make it work". In 1998, he admitted he missed working on SNL, but had enjoyed the move from New York City to Southern California. NewsRadio (1995–1998)
<mask> became one of the stars of the NBC sitcom NewsRadio in 1995, portraying radio news anchor Bill McNeal. He signed up after being attracted by the show's writing and use of an ensemble cast, and joked that he based McNeal on himself with "any ethics and character" removed. <mask> made roughly  per episode of NewsRadio. Although the show was critically acclaimed, it was never a ratings hit and cancellation was a regular threat. After the completion of the fourth season, <mask> commented, "We seem to have limited appeal.We're on the edge here, not sure we're going to be picked up or not", but added he was "99 percent sure" the series would be renewed for a fifth season. <mask> had publicly lambasted NBC's decision to repeatedly move NewsRadio into different timeslots, but later regretted his comments, saying, "this is a sitcom, for crying out loud, not brain surgery". He also stated that if the sitcom were cancelled "it just will open up other opportunities for me". Although the show was renewed for a fifth season, <mask> died before production began. Ken Tucker praised <mask>'s performance as McNeal: "A lesser performer ... would have played him as a variation on The Mary Tyler Moore Shows Ted Baxter, because that's what Bill was, on paper. But Hartman gave infinite variety to Bill's self-centeredness, turning him devious, cowardly, squeamish, and foolishly bold from week to week." <mask> was posthumously nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series in 1998 for his work on NewsRadio, but lost to David Hyde Pierce.The Simpsons (1991–1998)
<mask> provided the voices for numerous characters on the Fox animated series The Simpsons, appearing in 52 episodes. He made his first appearance in the second season episode "Bart Gets Hit by a Car". Although he was originally brought in for a one-time appearance, <mask> enjoyed working on The Simpsons and the staff wrote additional parts for him. He voiced the recurring characters Lionel Hutz and Troy McClure, as well as Duff man (on one occasion) and several background characters. His favorite part was that of McClure, and he often used this voice to entertain the audience between takes while taping episodes of NewsRadio. He remarked, "My favorite fans are Troy McClure fans." He added "It's the one thing that I do in my life that's almost an avocation.I do it for the pure love of it." <mask> was popular among the staff of The Simpsons. Showrunners Bill Oakley and Josh Weinstein said they enjoyed his work, and used him as much as possible when working on the show. To give Hartman a larger role, they developed the episode "A Fish Called Selma", which focuses on Troy McClure and expands the character's backstory. The Simpsons creator Matt Groening said that he "took [Hartman] for granted because he nailed the joke every time", and that his voice acting could produce "the maximum amount of humor" with any line he was given. Before his death, <mask> had expressed an interest in making a live action film about Troy McClure. Many of The Simpsons production staff expressed enthusiasm for the project and offered to help.<mask> said he was "looking forward to [McClure's] live-action movie, publicizing his Betty Ford appearances", and "would love nothing more" than making a film and was prepared to buy the film rights himself in order to make it happen. Other work

<mask>'s first starring film role came in 1995's Houseguest, alongside Sinbad. Other films include Greedy, Coneheads, Sgt. Bilko, So I Married an Axe Murderer, CB4, Jingle All the Way, Kiki's Delivery Service, and Small Soldiers, the latter of which is his final theatrically released film. At the same time, he preferred working on television. His other television roles include appearances on episodes of The John Larroquette Show, The Dana Carvey Show, 3rd Rock from the Sun, and the HBO TV film The Second Civil War as the President of the United States. He made a considerable amount of money from television advertising, earning $300,000 for a series of four commercials for the soft drink Slice.He also appeared in advertisements for McDonald's (as Hugh McAttack) and 1-800-Collect (as Max Jerome). Hartman wrote a number of screenplays that were never produced. In 1986, he began writing a screenplay for a film titled Mr. Fix-It, and completed the final draft in 1991. Robert Zemeckis was signed to produce the film, with Gil Bettman hired to direct. <mask> called it "a sort of a merger of horror and comedy, like Beetlejuice and Throw Momma From the Train", adding,

masks:
Philip Edward Hartman
Hartmann
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Phil
Hartman
Hartman
Philip Edward
Hartmann
Hartmann
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Phil Donahu
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Phil Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman


texts:
 "It's an American nightmare about a family torn asunder. They live next to a toxic dump site, their water supply is poisoned, the mother and son go insane and try to murder each other, the father's face is torn off in a terrible disfiguring accident in the first act. It's heavy stuff, but it's got a good message and a positive, upbeat ending."Zemeckis could not secure studio backing, however, and the project collapsed. Another film idea involving <mask>'s Groundlings character Chick Hazard, Private Eye was also canceled. Style

In contrast to his real-life personality, which was described as "a regular guy and, by all accounts, one of show business's most low-key, decent people", Hartman often played seedy, vain or unpleasant characters as well as comedic villains. He described his standard character repertoire as the "jerky guy" and "the weasel parade", citing Lionel Hutz, Bill McNeal, Troy McClure, and Ted Maltin from Jingle All the Way as examples. Hartman enjoyed playing such roles because he "just want[ed] to be funny, and villains tend to be funny because their foibles are all there to see". He often played supporting roles, rather than the lead part. He said "throughout my career, I've never been a huge star, but I've made steady progress and that's the way I like it", and "It's fun coming in as the second or third lead.If the movie or TV show bombs, you aren't to blame." <mask> was considered a "utility player" on SNL with a "kind of Everyman quality" which enabled him to appear in the majority of sketches, often in very distinct roles. Jan Hooks stated of his work on SNL: "<mask> never had an ounce of competition. He was a team player. It was a privilege for him, I believe, to play support and do it very well. He was never insulted, no matter how small the role may have been." He was disciplined in his performances, studying the scripts beforehand.Hooks added: "<mask> knew how to listen. And he knew how to look you in the eye, and he knew the power of being able to lay back and let somebody else be funny, and then do the reactions. I think <mask> was more of an actor than a comedian." Film critic Pauline Kael declared that "<mask>man and Jan Hooks on Saturday Night Live are two of the best comic actors I've ever seen." Writer and acting coach Paul Ryan noted Hartman's work ethic with his impressions. He assembled a collection of video footage of the figure he was preparing to impersonate and watched this continually until he "completely embodied the person". Ryan concluded that "what made [Hartman's impressions] so funny and spot on was <mask>'s ability to add that perfect touch that only comes from trial and error and practicing in front of audiences and fellow actors."Hartman described this process as "technical". Journalist Lyle V. Harris said Hartman showed a "rare talent for morphing into ... anybody he wanted to be". Ken Tucker summarized Hartman's comedic style: "He could momentarily fool audiences into thinking he was the straight man, but then he'd cock an eyebrow and give his voice an ironic lilt that delivered a punchline like a fast slider—you barely saw it coming until you started laughing." <mask> claimed that he borrowed his style from actor Bill Murray: "He's been a great influence on me – when he did that smarmy thing in Ghostbusters, then the same sort of thing in Groundhog Day. I tried to imitate it. I couldn't. I wasn't good enough.But I discovered an element of something else, so in a sick kind of way I made myself a career by doing a bad imitation of another comic." Personal life
<mask> married Gretchen Lewis in 1970 and they divorced in September 1972. He married real estate agent Lisa Strain in 1982, and their marriage lasted three years. Strain told People magazine that Hartman was reclusive off screen and "would disappear emotionally ... he'd be in his own world. That passivity made you crazy." In 1987, Hartman married former model and aspiring actress Brynn Omdahl (born Vicki Jo Omdahl, April 11, 1958 – May 28, 1998), having met her on a blind date the previous year. They had two children, Sean and Birgen <mask>.The marriage had difficulties; she was reportedly intimidated by his success and was frustrated that she could not find any on her own, although neither party wanted a divorce. She was reported to have been jealous and often verbally and/or physically abusive, even sending a letter to his ex-wife, threatening to "rip [Strain's] eyes out" if she spoke to him again. Hartman considered retiring to save the marriage. Hartman tried to get Brynn acting roles, but she became progressively reliant on alcohol and narcotics, entering rehab several times. On multiple occasions, he removed their children from the household to stay with friends or family because of her drug- and alcohol-fueled outbursts. Because of his close friendship with SNL associate Jan Hooks, Brynn joked on occasion Hooks and <mask> were married "on some other level". Brynn had written threatening letters addressed to Hooks, warning her to not get close to her husband, but they appeared to have never even been sent, being discovered in her belongings following her death.Stephen Root, Hartman's NewsRadio co-star, said few people knew "the real <mask>man", as he was "one of those people who never seemed to come out of character," but he nevertheless gave the impression of a family man who cared deeply for his children. Hartman befriended Joe Rogan during his time on NewsRadio and confided his marital problems to him. Rogan said that he encouraged Hartman to divorce Brynn five times, but "[Hartman] loved his kids and didn't want to leave". Hartman stated in 1997, though a non-practicing Catholic, he displayed a sense of religiousness. In his spare time, he enjoyed driving, flying, sailing, marksmanship, and playing the guitar. Murder
On May 27, 1998, Brynn visited the Italian restaurant Buca di Beppo in Encino, California, with producer and writer Christine Zander, who said Brynn was "in a good frame of mind." They had drinks.After returning home, Brynn had a "heated" argument with <mask>, after which he went to bed. She entered his bedroom some time before  PDT on May 28, 1998, and as he slept, fatally shot him once between the eyes, once in the throat, and once in the upper chest with a Charter Arms .38 caliber handgun. He was 49 years old. She was taking Zoloft, had been drinking alcohol, and had recently used cocaine. Brynn then drove to the home of her friend Ron Douglas and confessed to the killing, but he did not believe her. They drove back to the house in separate cars, and she called another friend and confessed a second time. On seeing Hartman's body, Douglas called 9-1-1 at  Police arrived and escorted Douglas and the Hartmans' two children from the premises, by which time Brynn had locked herself in the bedroom.Shortly afterward, she committed suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot. The police stated <mask>'s death was caused by "domestic discord" between the couple. A friend said Brynn "had trouble controlling her anger ... She got attention by losing her temper". A neighbor of the Hartmans told a CNN reporter that the couple had marital problems. Yet actor Steve Guttenberg said they had been "a very happy couple, and they always had the appearance of being well-balanced". A wrongful death lawsuit was filed in 1999 by her brother Gregory Omdahl, against Pfizer, the manufacturer of Zoloft, and against her child's psychiatrist, Arthur Sorosky, who had provided samples of the antidepressant to Brynn. <mask>'s friend and former SNL colleague Jon Lovitz has accused Hartman's then NewsRadio co-star Andy Dick of reintroducing Brynn to cocaine, causing her to relapse and suffer a nervous breakdown.Dick claims to have known nothing of her condition. Lovitz later said he no longer blamed Dick for Hartman's murder, but in 2006, Lovitz claimed Dick approached him at a restaurant and said, "I put the <mask>man hex on you; you're the next one to die." Lovitz then had him ejected from the restaurant. The following year at the Laugh Factory comedy club in Los Angeles, Lovitz and Dick had another argument, with Lovitz slamming Dick's head into the bar. Dick asserted he was not at fault in relation to Hartman's death. Brynn's sister Katharine Omdahl and brother-in-law Mike Wright raised the two Hartman children. <mask>'s will stipulated each child would inherit money over several years after turning 25.The total value of <mask>'s estate was estimated at . In accordance with his wishes, his body was cremated by Forest Lawn Memorial Park and Mortuary, Glendale, California, and his ashes scattered over Santa Catalina Island's Emerald Bay. Response and legacy
NBC executive Don Ohlmeyer stated that <mask> "was blessed with a tremendous gift for creating characters that made people laugh. Everyone who had the pleasure of working with <mask> knows that he was a man of tremendous warmth, a true professional and a loyal friend." Guttenberg expressed shock at <mask>'s death, and Steve Martin said he was "a deeply funny and very happy person". Matt Groening called him "a master", and director Joe Dante said, "He was one of those guys who was a dream to work with. I don't know anybody who didn't like him."Dan Snierson of Entertainment Weekly concluded that <mask> was "the last person you'd expect to read about in lurid headlines in your morning paper" and "a decidedly regular guy, beloved by everyone he worked with". In 2007, Entertainment Weekly ranked <mask> the 87th greatest television icon of all time, and Maxim named him the top Saturday Night Live performer of all time. On the day of <mask>'s death, rehearsals for The Simpsons were canceled as well as that night's performance by The Groundlings. The season five premiere episode of NewsRadio, "Bill Moves On", finds <mask>'s character, Bill McNeal, has died of a heart attack, while the other characters reminisce about his life. Lovitz joined the show in his place beginning with the next episode. A special episode of Saturday Night Live commemorating <mask>'s work on the show aired on June 13, 1998. Rather than substituting another voice actor, the writers of The Simpsons retired <mask>'s characters.His final appearance on the show, the season ten episode "Bart the Mother", is dedicated to him, as is his final film, Small Soldiers. At the time of his death, <mask> was preparing to voice Zapp Brannigan, a character written specifically for him on Groening's second animated series Futurama. Even though the role was specifically made for him, <mask> still insisted on auditioning and Groening said he "nailed it." After <mask>'s death, Billy West took over the role. Though executive producer David X. Cohen credits West with using his own take on the character, West later said that he purposely tweaked Zapp's voice to better match <mask>'s intended portrayal. <mask> was planning to appear with Lovitz in the indie film The Day of Swine and Roses, scheduled to begin production in August 1998. In 2002, Laugh.com and Hartman's brother John published the album, Flat TV, a selection of comedy sketches recorded by Hartman in the 1970s, which had been kept in storage.<mask> commented: "I'm putting this out there because I'm dedicating my life to fulfilling his dreams. This [album] is my brother doing what he loved." In 2013, Flat TV was optioned by Michael "Ffish" Hemschoot's animation company Worker Studio for an animated adaptation. The deal came about after Michael T. Scott, a partner in the company, posted online a hand-written letter he had received from Hartman in 1997, leading to a correspondence between Scott and <mask>. In 2007, a campaign was started on Facebook by Alex Stevens and endorsed by Hartman's brother Paul, to have <mask> inducted to Canada's Walk of Fame. Among the campaign's numerous publicity events, Ben Miner of the Sirius XM Radio channel Laugh Attack, dedicated the month of April 2012 to Hartman. The campaign ended in success and Hartman was inducted to the Walk of Fame on September 22, 2012, with Paul accepting the award on his late brother's behalf.<mask> was also awarded the Cineplex Legends Award. In June 2013, it was announced that Hartman would receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, which was unveiled on August 26, 2014. Additionally, a special prize at the Canadian Comedy Awards was named for Hartman. Beginning with the 13th Canadian Comedy Awards in 2012, the <mask>man Award was awarded to "an individual who helps to better the Canadian comedy community". In 2015, Rolling Stone magazine ranked Hartman as one of the top-ten greatest Saturday Night Live cast members throughout the show's forty-year history, coming in seventh on their list of all 141 members. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Theme park attractions

Discography

1977
America, Harbor
1978
America, Silent Letter
Poco, Legend
1980
Firesign Theatre, Fighting Clowns

References

Book sources

External links

 <mask> at Yahoo! Movies
 <mask> at The New York Times
 Hartman's autopsy and death certificate
 <mask>man's final night: The tragic death of a “Saturday Night Live” genius, Mike Thomas, Salon, September 21, 2014

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