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 Brothers—not the songs but the atmosphere of the band." To promote the record, the band appeared as the musical guests on Saturday Night Live on May 15, 2010.The release of Mojo was followed by a North American summer tour. Prior to the tour, five of the band's guitars, including two owned by <mask>, were stolen from their practice space in Culver City, California in April 2010. The items were recovered by Los Angeles police the next week. In 2012, the band went on a world tour that included their first European dates in 20 years and their first ever concerts in the Canadian provinces of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador. On July 28, 2014, Reprise Records released <mask> and the Heartbreakers' thirteenth studio album, Hypnotic Eye. The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first <mask> and the Heartbreakers album to ever top the chart. On November 20, 2015, the Tom Petty Radio channel debuted on SiriusXM.In 2017, the Heartbreakers embarked on a 40th Anniversary Tour of the United States. The tour began on April 20 in Oklahoma City and ended on September 25 with a performance at the Hollywood Bowl in Hollywood, California. The Hollywood Bowl concert, which would ultimately be the Heartbreakers' final show, ended with a performance of "American Girl". On September 28, 2018, Reprise Records released An American Treasure, a 60-track career-spanning box set featuring dozens of previously unreleased recordings, alternate versions of classic songs, rarities, historic live performances and deep tracks. The box set was preceded by the first single, "Keep A Little Soul", in July 2018. The song is an unreleased outtake originally recorded in 1982 during the Long After Dark sessions. <mask>'s first appearance in film took place in 1978, when he had a cameo in FM.He later had a small part in 1987's Made in Heaven and appeared in several episodes of It's Garry Shandling's Show between 1987 and 1990, playing himself as one of Garry Shandling's neighbors. <mask> was also featured in Shandling's other show, The Larry Sanders Show, as one of the Story within a story final guests. In the episode, <mask> gets bumped from the show and nearly comes to blows with Greg Kinnear. <mask> appeared in the 1997 film The Postman, directed by and starring Kevin Costner, as the Bridge City Mayor (from the dialogue it is implied that he is playing a future history version of himself). In 2002, he appeared on The Simpsons in the episode "How I Spent My Strummer Vacation", along with Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Lenny Kravitz, Elvis Costello, and Brian Setzer. In it, <mask> spoofed himself as a tutor to Homer Simpson on the art of lyric writing, composing a brief song about a drunk girl driving down the road while concerned with the state of public schools. Later in the episode, he loses a toe during a riot.<mask> had a recurring role as the voice of Elroy "Lucky" Kleinschmidt in the animated comedy series King of the Hill from 2004 to 2009. In 2010, <mask> made a five-second cameo appearance with comedian Andy Samberg in a musical video titled "Great Day" featured on the bonus DVD as part of The Lonely Island's new album Turtleneck & Chain. Views on artistic control
<mask> was known as a staunch guardian of his artistic control and artistic freedom. In 1979, he was involved in a legal dispute when ABC Records was sold to MCA Records. He refused to be transferred to another record label without his consent. In May 1979, he filed for bankruptcy and was signed to the new MCA subsidiary Backstreet Records. In early 1981, the upcoming <mask> and the Heartbreakers album, which would become Hard Promises, was slated to be the next MCA release with the new list price of $9.98, following Steely Dan's Gaucho and the Olivia Newton-John/Electric Light Orchestra Xanadu soundtrack.This so-called "superstar pricing" was $1.00 more than the usual list price of $8.98. <mask> voiced his objections to the price hike in the press and the issue became a popular cause among music fans. Non-delivery of the album and naming it Eight Ninety-Eight were considered, but eventually MCA decided against the price increase. In 1987, <mask> sued tire company B.F. Goodrich for $1 million for using a song very similar to his song "Mary's New Car" in a TV commercial. The ad agency that produced the commercial had previously sought permission to use <mask>'s song but was refused. A judge issued a temporary restraining order prohibiting further use of the ad and the suit was later settled out of court. <mask> also disallowed George W. Bush from using "I Won't Back Down" for his 2000 presidential campaign.His family would do the same for Donald Trump in 2020, stating "<mask> would never want a song of his used for a campaign of hate." Some have claimed that the Red Hot Chili Peppers single "Dani California", released in May 2006, is very similar to <mask>'s "Mary Jane's Last Dance". <mask> told Rolling Stone, "I seriously doubt that there is any negative intent there. And a lot of rock 'n' roll songs sound alike. Ask Chuck Berry. The Strokes took 'American Girl' for their song 'Last Nite', and I saw an interview with them where they actually admitted it. That made me laugh out loud.I was like, 'OK, good for you' ... If someone took my song note for note and stole it maliciously, then maybe [I'd sue]. But I don't believe in lawsuits much. I think there are enough frivolous lawsuits in this country without people fighting over pop songs." In January 2015, it was revealed that <mask> and Jeff Lynne would receive royalties from Sam Smith's song "Stay with Me" after its writers acknowledged similarities between it and "I Won't Back Down". <mask> and co-composer Lynne were each awarded 12.5% of the royalties from "Stay with Me", and their names were added to the ASCAP song credit. <mask> clarified that he did not believe Smith plagiarized him, saying, "All my years of songwriting have shown me these things can happen.Most times you catch it before it gets out the studio door but in this case it got by. Sam's people were very understanding of our predicament and we easily came to an agreement". Personal life
<mask> married Jane Benyo in 1974, and they divorced in 1996. <mask> and Benyo had two daughters: Adria, a director, and Annakim, an artist. Benyo once told mutual friend Stevie Nicks that she had met <mask> at "the age of seventeen". Nicks misheard Benyo's North Florida accent, inspiring the title of her song "Edge of Seventeen". In May 1987, an arsonist set fire to <mask>'s house in Encino, California.Firefighters were able to salvage the basement recording studio and the original tapes stored there, as well as his Gibson Dove acoustic guitar. His signature gray top hat, however, was destroyed. The perpetrator was never caught. <mask> struggled with heroin addiction from roughly 1996 through 1999. He blamed the emotional pain from the dissolution of his marriage to Benyo as a major contributing cause. He later said that "using heroin went against my grain. I didn't want to be enslaved to anything."He eventually went to a treatment center, and was able to successfully treat his addiction before the tour for Echo in mid-1999. On June 3, 2001, <mask> married Dana York, who had a son, Dylan, from an earlier marriage. <mask> spoke in 2014 of the benefits from his practice of Transcendental Meditation. Death
<mask> was found unconscious at his home, not breathing and in cardiac arrest, in the early morning of October 2, 2017. He was resuscitated and taken to the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica, California, where he died at 8:40p.m. PDT after premature reports of his death throughout the day. A memorial service was held at the Self-Realization Fellowship Lake Shrine in Pacific Palisades, Los Angeles, on October 16, 2017, four days before his 67th birthday.On January 19, 2018, the Los Angeles County Medical Examiner announced that <mask> had died accidentally from mixed drug toxicity, a combination of fentanyl, oxycodone, acetylfentanyl and despropionyl fentanyl (all opioids); temazepam and alprazolam (both sedatives); and citalopram (an antidepressant). In a statement on his official website, <mask>'s wife and daughter said he had a number of medical problems, including emphysema, knee difficulties "and most significantly a fractured hip". He was prescribed pain medication for these problems and informed on the day of his death that his hip injury had worsened. The statement read, "[it] is our feeling that the pain was simply unbearable and was the cause for his overuse of medication.[..] We feel confident that this was, as the coroner found, an unfortunate accident." On September 28, 2018, <mask>'s widow Dana gave an interview to Billboard saying that <mask> put off hip surgery his doctors had recommended for some time. "He'd had it in mind it was his last tour and he owed it to his long-time crew, from decades some of them, and his fans."Dana said that <mask> was in a good mood the day before his death: "He had those three shows in L.A. Never had he been so proud of himself, so happy, so looking forward to the future – and then he's gone." Equipment
<mask> owned and used a number of guitars over the years. From 1976 to 1982, his main instrument was a sunburst 1964 Fender Stratocaster. He also used Rickenbacker guitars from 1979 onwards. The Rickenbacker 660/12TP neck was designed by <mask> and featured his signature from 1991 to 1997. He extensively played several Fender Telecasters. As a bassist, <mask> played a Fender Jazz Bass, Rickenbacker 4003, Höfner Club Bass and Danelectro Longhorn.For acoustic guitars, <mask> had a signature C.F. Martin HD-40, and wrote virtually all of his songs on a Gibson Dove acoustic saved from his 1987 house fire. He also used a Gibson J-200 in a natural finish and a late 1970s Guild D25 12-string acoustic. <mask>'s later amplifier setup featured two Fender Vibro-King 60-watt combos. Awards and honors

In 1994, You Got Lucky, a <mask> tribute album featuring such bands as Everclear and Silkworm was released. In April 1996, <mask> received UCLA's George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin Award for Lifetime Musical Achievement. The next month, <mask> won the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers' Golden Note Award.<mask> and the Heartbreakers received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1999, for their contribution to the recording industry. In December 2001, <mask> and the Heartbreakers were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, which further honored <mask> with an exhibit of his items from July 2006 until 2007. He is ranked 91st on Rolling Stone's list of the Greatest Artists of All Time. <mask> received the Billboard Century Award, the organization's highest honor for creative achievement on December 6, 2005. In September 2006, <mask> and the Heartbreakers received the keys to the city of Gainesville, Florida, where he and his bandmates either lived or grew up. Peter Bogdanovich's documentary film on <mask>'s career titled Runnin' Down a Dream premiered at the New York Film Festival in October 2007. <mask> was honored as MusiCares Person of the Year in February 2017 for his contributions to music and for his philanthropy.A week after his death in 2017, a tribute to <mask> was painted on Gainesville's Southwest 34th Street Wall. It reads "Love you always, Gainesville No. 1 Son, Thanks, <mask>". In October 2018, on what would have been the singer's 68th birthday, the city of Gainesville renamed the former Northeast Park, a park where a young <mask> had often visited, as Tom Petty Park. In December 2021, the University of Florida board of trustees unanimously voted to posthumously award <mask> with an honorary Ph.D. from the school. He has three albums, Wildflowers (No. 214), Damn the Torpedoes (No.231), and Full Moon Fever (No. 298) on Rolling Stone magazine's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list. He has two songs  on the same magazine's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list. "American Girl" (No. 169), and "Free Fallin'" (No. 219). Discography

With the Heartbreakers
 <mask> and the Heartbreakers (1976)
 You're Gonna Get It!(1978)
 Damn the Torpedoes (1979)
 Hard Promises (1981)
 Long After Dark (1982)
 Southern Accents (1985)
 Let Me Up (I've Had Enough) (1987)
 Into the Great Wide Open (1991)
 Songs and Music from "She's the One" (1996)
 Echo (1999)
 The Last DJ (2002)
 Mojo (2010)
 Hypnotic Eye (2014)

With the Traveling Wilburys
 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1 (1988)
 Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3 (1990)

Solo
 Full Moon Fever (1989)
 Wildflowers (1994)
 Highway Companion (2006)

With Mudcrutch
 Mudcrutch (2008)
 2 (2016)

Posthumously
 An American Treasure (2018)
 The Best of Everything (2019)
 Wildflowers & All the Rest (2020)
 Finding Wildflowers: Alternate Versions (2021)
 Angel Dream (Songs and Music from the Motion Picture 'She's the One') (2021)

Filmography

See also
 List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Mainstream Rock chart

References

External links

1950 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American singers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American singers
21st-century American writers
Accidental deaths in California
American male singer-songwriters
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
American Recordings (record label) artists
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
Drug-related deaths in California
Gainesville High School (Florida) alumni
Grammy Award winners
Guitarists from Florida
MCA Records artists
Mudcrutch members
Musicians from Gainesville, Florida
Reprise Records artists
Rhythm guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Florida
<mask> and the Heartbreakers members
Traveling Wilburys members
Warner Records artists
Writers

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<mask> (; born 3 October 1986) is a Colombian former professional footballer who played as a striker. After initiating his career with Independiente Medellin in 2004 and becoming the league's top scorer in 2009, he attracted interest from Chiapas, who signed him in January 2010. He spent three years with the Mexican side before moving to Portugal to play for Porto, where he was Primeira Liga's top scorer in all three of his seasons with the club. In July 2015, <mask> joined Atlético Madrid for €35 million, and six months later Guangzhou Evergrande of China for €42 million. He unfortunately suffered an ankle injury in late 2016 that ruled him out for two years, before ending his career back in Portugal with Portimonense in 2020. <mask> represented Colombia 40 times between 2009 and 2015, scoring nine goals for the country. He played for them at the 2011 and 2015 Copa América, as well as the 2014 FIFA World Cup, where he notably scored two goals against Japan.Club career

Independiente Medellín
<mask> played his youth career with Independiente Medellín until 2004, when he was brought up to the first team for the 2004 Finalización. <mask> was the top goalscorer of the 2009 Torneo Finalizacion with 18 goals, including braces against Real Cartagena, América de Cali, Atlético Huila, and Envigado, also leading Independiente Medellín to win their fifth league title. In January 2009, he scored a hat-trick against Peñarol in the First Stage of the 2009 Copa Libertadores to help his team make it to the group stage with a 4–0 aggregate win. Chiapas
After several seasons in Colombia, <mask> attracted interest from South Korean club Ulsan Hyundai and Argentine clubs San Lorenzo de Almagro and Racing Avellaneda. He initially signed a pre-contract with Ulsan Hyundai, but the club couldn't reach an agreement with him. As a result, <mask> was eventually signed by Chiapas from the Liga MX on a three-year-contract for an undisclosed fee in January 2010. He ended his first season with the club, the 2010 Torneo Bicentenario, with nine goals, placing him fourth in the top scorer's table.In August 2010, he had an ankle operation and was out for a month. In the 2011 Copa Libertadores, <mask> was a key player for Chiapas, scoring in both legs of the round of 16 encounter against Junior to help his side go through 4-4 on away goals. He scored in a 1–1 draw in the first leg and then scored a double in the second leg, despite being shown a red card in the 3–3 draw. Chiapas were eventually eliminated by Paraguayan side Cerro Porteño in the quarter finals. <mask> was named captain of the squad at the beginning of the Clausura 2012 season, and finished the season in both the Apertura and Clausura top scorer charts. Along with his performances for the Colombian national team, his outstanding performances in Mexico subsequently led to interest from Portuguese team Porto. He left them team by scoring over 30 goals in a little over double the appearances.Porto

2012–13 season

On 7 July 2012, <mask> signed with Porto for €8.8 million. On 11 August, he played his first competitive match for the Portuguese team in the 2012 Supertaça against Académica de Coimbra, also scoring his first goal. He scored in the 90th minute, which gave Porto their 19th victory of the tournament, and was named as the man of the match. <mask> scored his first league goal on 25 August from the penalty spot against Vitória de Guimarães in the 80th minute, with Porto winning the game 4–0. Against rivals Sporting CP, he scored a back heel volley in a 2–0 win. In the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League group stage on 24 October, <mask> scored his first goal in European competition thanks to an assist by fellow Colombian James Rodríguez. He added another goal later into the match, which ended in a 3–2 victory for Porto against Dynamo Kyiv.With 11 goals in 12 matches, he eclipsed the record of former Porto strikers Radamel Falcao, Lisandro López and Hulk. On 2 November, he scored two more goals in a 5–0 victory against Marítimo. His goal-scoring performances in domestic competitions also resulted in him being named the SJPF Player of the Month for October and November. His first goal of 2013 came in a 2–2 draw inO Clássico against rivals Benfica on 13 January. On 2 February, he scored a hat-trick against Vitória de Guimarães, which included two headers, making it his first hat-trick for Porto. At the time, he had scored 18 goals in 17 matches in the Primeira Liga. <mask> was named the February SJPF Player of the Month.In the final match of the league season against Paços de Ferreira, <mask> sealed the 2–0 victory after scoring the second goal and assuring Porto's third consecutive league title, one point ahead of rivals Benfica. The goal marked his 26th goal in the league, securing him top goal-scoring honours. ESPN noted <mask> as one of the best signings for the 2012–13 season, following his seasonal European debut. 2013–14 season

In the 2013 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira, <mask> scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory against Vitória de Guimarães at the Estádio Municipal de Aveiro, claiming his second Portuguese SuperCup in a row. In the opening league match against Vitória de Setúbal on 18 August, <mask> scored the third goal in a 3–1 win. He scored his second league goal a week later against Marítimo. On 1 September, he scored the only goal in a 0–1 away win against Paços de Ferreira.<mask> scored again the following week in a victory against Gil Vicente, also adding another off a pass from Lucho González in a 2–2 draw with Estoril on 22 September. On 6 October, he scored a double against recently promoted Arouca in a 3–1 victory. On 19 January 2014, <mask> scored his 50th goal in all competitions for Porto in a 3-0 win over Vitoria Setubal. On 6 April, he scored a double, including a penalty, in a 3-1 victory against Academica de Coimbra. 2014–15 season
After the 2014 World Cup, Martinez was linked with many clubs, in particular Chelsea, Arsenal, and Valencia. However, in August 2014, he extended his contract with Porto until 2017. On 30 September 2014, <mask> came on as a substitute in a Champions League group stage match away to Shakhtar Donetsk, and his team was trailing 2–0 to the Ukrainian hosts at the 85th minute.Martinez scored two goals in four minutes; in the 89th minute, he scored a penalty and then equalised in added time to level the scoreline at 2–2, which completed a comeback that was dubbed as "stunning" and "remarkable" by UEFA. Martinez was voted Player of the Month for December 2014 and January 2015. In the Champions League quarter-final first leg on 15 April 2015 against Bayern Munich, he scored the last goal in a 3–1 victory and also won the penalty that Ricardo Quaresma scored for the opening goal after being fouled by goalkeeper Manuel Neuer. <mask> netted again in the second leg six days later, heading a consolation from Héctor Herrera's cross as Porto lost 1–6 at the Allianz Arena, thus being eliminated from the competition. Atlético Madrid
Martinez was linked heavily with Arsenal again following his departure from Porto, but on 27 June 2015, he confirmed that he was moving to Spanish side Atlético Madrid. Four days later, it was announced on Porto's official website that Atlético were willing to pay the full €35 million release fee for the Colombian player. On 15 July, Atlético officially announced the transfer, and he signed a four-year-contract running until 2019.He was officially presented at the Vicente Calderón Stadium on 26 July in front of around 10,000 people. He made his La Liga debut on 22 August, being substituted after an hour for Fernando Torres in a 1–0 home win over Las Palmas. A week later, <mask> came off the bench and scored his first goal for Atlético in a 3–0 victory over Sevilla. On 21 October, he scored his first UEFA Champions League goal for the club against FC Astana in a 4–0 win, and four days later, he opened the scoring in a 2–1 victory against Valencia. On 12 November, while playing for the Colombian national team against Chile, he suffered an ankle injury and had to be taken off the field by a stretcher, which ruled him out for a month. He made his return on 30 December in a 0–2 away win against Rayo Vallecano, entering the pitch in the 70th minute and assisting Antoine Griezmann's goal in the last minute. He left the club a few weeks later because he struggled to adapt to Diego Simeone's playing style, as he was more accustomed to playing as a lone striker with Porto.The press labeled him "a flop" and some of his teammates said he wasn't confident, with club president Enrique Cerezo adding that the player "wasn't at the level of the club". Guangzhou Evergrande
On 3 February 2016, <mask> was transferred to Chinese Super League side Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao with a fee of €42 million, a record for an Asian team. The record was broken two days later, when Alex Teixeira signed for Jiangsu Suning for £38.4 million (roughly €50 million). On 24 February 2016, he made his debut for Guangzhou Evergrande in the first match against Korean club Pohang Steelers. On 6 March 2016, <mask> scored in his Chinese Super League debut in an eventual 2–1 loss away at Chongqing Lifan. A week later, he scored and gave an assist in a 3–0 win against Changchun Yatai. On 15 April 2016, during a match against Henan Jianye, Martinez suffered an ankle injury and had to be substituted, which ruled him out for 2 months.He had ankle surgery a few days later, which ruled him out for a further 5 weeks. He returned to action on 9 August in a goalless draw against Beijing Guoan, playing the last 20 minutes of the match. In October 2016, after playing 16 games, <mask> suffered an ankle injury that ruled him out for two years. He had another ankle surgery in July 2017. In March 2018, Guangzhou Evergrande terminated his contract and released him because of his injuries, and they thought there was no point of paying his salary if he wasn't going to play. Portimonense
On 31 August 2018, <mask> returned to Portugal's top flight, joining Portimonense on a season-long loan. The deal was subsequently made permanent, but only until the end of 2019.He made his debut in a 3–2 victory against Vitoria de Guimaraes on 23 September, playing the last 17 minutes of the match. On 3 November 2018, he scored his first goal for the club, a penalty, in a 1–1 draw against Belenenses. On 7 December, he returned to the Estádio do Dragão for the first time since leaving Porto, playing 75 minutes and receiving a standing ovation by the fans and players as he was subbed off. A week later, he scored a double in a 3–1 win against Vitoria Setubal. On 11 May 2019, he scored an 88th minute winner against Maritimo in a 3–2 victory. In October 2019, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in the Taça de Portugal against Académica de Coimbra, a match which Portimonense lost 2–1. In January 2020, he signed a new contract with the Portuguese club, keeping him until 2022.However, still troubled by his chronic ankle injuries, <mask> left Portimonense in August 2020, stating that he wanted to return to Independiente Medellín. On 7 December 2020, after spending six months as a free agent, <mask> officially announced his retirement. International career
A Colombian international at the age of 22, he made his debut and scored his first international goal on 5 September 2009 in a 2–0 victory against Ecuador as part of the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Four days later, he came on as a substitute and scored his second international goal against Uruguay, although Colombia lost 3–1. On 7 June 2011, he was selected by Hernán Darío Gómez to the 23-man-squad for the 2011 Copa América. On 2 June 2014, <mask> was named by coach José Pékerman in Colombia's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. After a substitute appearance in the team's opening match win over Greece, <mask> was selected to start in the final group game against Japan, scoring twice in a 4–1 win.<mask> was also chosen for the 2015 Copa América in Chile. The last time he was called up to the national team was for a 2018 World Cup qualification match against Chile on 12 November 2015, where he suffered an injury. Personal life
His nickname "Cha Cha Cha" came from his father, Orlando Martinez, who was a second division footballer in Colombia. He would celebrate his goals by doing the "Cha Cha Cha" dance, and so his teammates began to call him that. The nickname was passed on to <mask> and he often does the celebration as well. <mask> married Tatiana Castillo in March 2013, and the couple have a son named Josue. He is a Christian.In September 2018, he released a seven-track Christian hip hop album titled No Temeré ("I Will Not Fear"). Martinez has two sisters named Yajaira and Yadira. Martinez's mother is named Ernes. Style of play
<mask> was known as a prolific goalscorer, being able to use both feet effectively, and having excellent volleying technique. He combined his volleying technique with his agility, which allowed him to score multiple acrobatic goals throughout his career. His height made him an aerial threat, and he combined this with his strength to win aerial battles. His strength also made it difficult for opponents to knock him off the ball.Former Porto player Paulo Futre compared his traits to those of George Weah. Noted BBC journalist Tim Vickery described him as "an out-and-out goalscorer, a front-to-goal centre-forward who can finish off both feet, and with an excellent jump that makes him an aerial threat." Manager Arsene Wenger said in 2015 that Martinez "could play in the Premier League because he has the body to make the difference," and that he was "a good finisher." Career statistics

Club

International
Source:

International goals
Scores and results list Colombia's goal tally first. Honours

Club
Independiente Medellín
 Categoría Primera A: 2009-II

Porto
 Primeira Liga: 2012–13
 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira: 2012, 2013

Guangzhou Evergrande
 Chinese Super League: 2016
 Chinese FA Super Cup: 2016

Individual
 Categoría Primera A Top goal scorer: 2009 Finalización
 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira Man of the match: 2012
 SJPF Player of the Month: October 2012, November 2012, February 2013, December 2014, January 2015
 O Jogo Team of the Year: 2012, 2013
 Primeira Liga Top goal scorer: 2012–13, 2013–14, 2014–15

Notes

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Colombian Christians
People from Quibdó
Footballers from Medellín
Colombian footballers
Association football forwards
Independiente Medellín footballers
Chiapas F.C. footballers
FC Porto players
Atlético Madrid footballers
Guangzhou F.C. players
Portimonense S.C. players
Categoría Primera A players
Liga MX players
Primeira Liga players
La Liga players
Chinese Super League players
Colombia international footballers
2011 Copa América players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Copa América players
Colombian expatriate footballers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in China
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in China
Colombian people of African descent

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<mask> (born <mask> ; 25 February 1663 – 18 February 1718) was a French-born English author, playwright, and translator. <mask> was a significant figure in the evolution of English journalism in his era, as the publisher and editor of The Gentleman's Journal, "the first English magazine," from 1692 to 1694. Life
A native of Rouen, he was a French Huguenot who came to England in 1685 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. At first he lived with his godfather, Paul Dominique, and made his living as an auctioneer; by 1706 he maintained a shop in Leadenhall Street, selling imports from China, Japan, and India, and (in his own words) "silks, lace, linens, pictures, and other goods." He also held a position with the Post Office in the first decade of the 18th century. His death in a bawdy house was thought to be suspicious, and caused a good deal of legal disturbance. Five people were tried for his murder, but were acquitted.He was survived by his widow Priscilla, two sons and a daughter. Translations
<mask> is perhaps best known for completing Sir Thomas Urquhart's translation of Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel. Books I and II of Urquhart's translation of Rabelais had been published in 1653; <mask> (with outside help) revised these, completed Urquart's translation of Book III, and translated Book IV and the possibly-spurious Book V. The entire work was published in 1693 and 1694 (reprinted in 1708; revised by John Ozell in 1737). While Urquhart's original version of Rabelais has sometimes been acclaimed as a masterpiece in itself, critics have had reservations about <mask>'s continuation. In part, Motteux suffered for frankly rendering the vulgarity of Rabelais, to a generation of readers less prepared to tolerate it than Urquhart's had been. <mask> produced an important translation of the Miguel de Cervantes novel Don Quixote; this 4-volume 1700–03 edition (3rd edition in 1712) was credited as "translated from the original by many hands and published by <mask>." Very popular in its own era, <mask>'s version of the work has been condemned by later translators.John Ormsby listed numerous faults he found with <mask>'s translation, and described it as "worse than worthless ... worthless as failing to represent, worse than worthless as misrepresenting" the spirit and flavour of the original. Motteux translated other works as well, one example being The Present State of the Empire of Morocco (1695) by French diplomat François Pidou de Saint-Olon. Dramas
Motteux wrote a series of plays and musical librettos that were produced during the 1690s and early 18th century, including:

 The Loves of Mars and Venus (1695)
 Love's a Jest (1696)
 She Ventures and He Wins (1696)
 The Novelty, or Every Act a Play (1697)
 Beauty in Distress (1698)
 Britain's Happiness (1704)
 The Stage Coach (1704)
 The Amorous Miser, or the Younger the Wiser (1705)
 Thomyris, Queen of Scythia (1707)
 Love's Triumph (1708)

—among others. As its subtitle indicates, The Novelty was an anthology of five short plays in different genres, comedy, tragedy, pastoral, masque, and farce. <mask> worked in the English stage genre then called "opera," which were semi-operas somewhat comparable to modern musicals; works like The Rape of Europa by Jupiter (1694), Acis and Galatea (1701), and Arsinoe, Queen of Cyprus (1705), Thomyris, Queen of Scythia (17078 the first two with music by John Eccles, the third with music by Thomas Clayton and the fourth arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch. His final works are translations and adaptations of opera libretti from the Italian. As was typical of Restoration drama, Motteux's plays often adapted earlier works; and his plays in turn were adapted by others into new forms.His semi-opera The Island Princess, or the Generous Portuguese (1699) was an adaptation of John Fletcher's play The Island Princess, with music by Daniel Purcell, Richard Leveridge and Jeremiah Clarke. The mezzo-soprano, Mrs Lindsey sang interludes at its first performance at Drury Lane in February 1699. After his death, the comic subplot of Acis and Galatea was transformed into "a comic mask" called Roger and Joan, or the Country Wedding (1739). Much later, David Garrick adapted The Novelty into a farce titled The Lying Varlet, published in 1823. Journalism
Motteux edited The Gentleman's Journal, or the Monthly Miscellany from its initial issue, dated January 1692, to its last of November 1694; evidence suggests he wrote most of the prose in each issue as well. (The plan was for monthly issues, though some were late, and some were missed.) Motteux may have been influenced by Le Mercure Galant, a French periodical of the 1670s devoted to Court news and gossip—though Motteux's Journal was more ambitious.The Journal published "News, History, Philosophy, Poetry, Musick, Translations, &c." It covered a wider range of topics than other periodicals of its era like John Dunton's The Athenian Gazette, giving it some claim as the first "general interest" magazine in English. <mask> reviewed plays by John Dryden (a personal friend) and William Congreve among others; he published verse by the poets of the era, including Matthew Prior and Charles Sedley; he covered the musical career of Henry Purcell and printed several of his songs. The short fictions published in the journal contributed to the formation of the novel in English. The Journal even featured a "Lovers' Gazette," foreshadowing the advice-to-the-lovelorn columns of later generations of popular journalism. Though its existence was relatively brief in historical terms, the Journal provided a precedent for later publications of the same type, notably The Gentleman's Magazine and The London Magazine. One curiosity of the Journal is that the title page of its first issue bore the motto E pluribus unum, apparently the earliest use of what would later become the motto of the United States of America. <mask> used the phrase in the sense of "one chosen among many," rather than its common later connotation.(Classicists have attempted to trace possible sources for the motto, ranging from Vergil to Aristotle to Horace to Cicero to St. Augustine.) <mask> published early arguments in favor of the equality of the sexes; he re-titled the October 1693 issue of the Journal "The Lady's Journal," and devoted it to articles by and about women. Notes

References
Arnold, Howard Payson. Historical Side-Lights. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1899. Baldwin, Neil.The American Revelation. New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 2006. Bayer, Gerd. "Novel Horizons: The Genre Making of Restoration Fiction." Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2016. Cervantes, Miguel de. The History of Don Quixote De La Mancha.Translated by John Ormsby. Chicago, Encyclopædia Britannica Press, 1952. Cunningham, Robert Newton. <mask> <mask>: A Biographical and Critical Study. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1933. Gillespie, Stuart, and David Hopkins, eds. The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English.Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005. Jackson, Mason. The Pictorial Press: Its Origin and Progress. London, Hurst and Blackett, 1885. MacDonald, Hugh. John Dryden: A Bibliography of Early Editions and of Drydeniana. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1939; reprinted Kessinger, 2006.Owen, Susan J. A Companion to Restoration Drama. London, Blackwell, 2001. Van Laun, Henri. "Life," in: Motteux's Don Quixote, edited by John Gibson Lockhart; 4 Volumes, reprinted London, J. M. Dent, 1880. External links

 Three Motteux plays online. French–English translators
English dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights
People from Rouen
French expatriates in England
1663 births
1718 deaths
Translators of Don Quixote
17th-century journalists
18th-century British journalists

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Peter Anthony Motteux
Pierre Antoine Motteux
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<mask> (born 1950) is a Canadian health care advocate, trade unionist, and former politician. <mask> was the first Minister of Mental Health and Addictions of British Columbia. She was the fourth National President of the Canadian Union of Public Employees from 1991 until 2003, making her the second woman and second Jewish-Canadian person to hold the post, and business manager of the Hospital Employees' Union from 2005 to 2011. <mask> was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2013 election, as a BC NDP candidate for the provincial constituency of New Westminster. Early life
<mask> was born Ida Maria Judith Borunsky in Denmark and came to Canada with her parents when she was 18 months old. Her father was a research chemist who was a shipping clerk for years until he could re-establish his credentials in Canada and resume work in his profession. Her father, Jules (Youli) Simonovich Borunsky, was a Russian Jew whose family had moved to France following the Russian Revolution.Borunsky's first wife was a French Catholic woman. During the war he enlisted in the French Army and was taken prisoner during the Battle of Dunkirk. During his detention as a Prisoner of war, he survived and avoided deportation to a concentration camp by hiding his Jewishness and pretending to be a devout Catholic, including Catholic references and symbols in his letters to his wife as part of the ruse. With Paris occupied by the Nazis, Borunsky convinced his father that it would be safer for him to join the rest of the family in Kovno, Lithuania. However, four days after he arrived, the town was invaded by the Nazis. Einsatzgruppen murdered most of the Jewish population, presumably including Borunsky's father, sister, her husband and their daughter. According to <mask>, her father "carried tremendous guilt, [t]he guilt of having survived when others died and the guilt of having sent his father to his death."Borunsky's first wife died of illness around the end of the war. Borunsky, after being liberated, worked as deputy director of a United Nations Refugee Agency displaced persons camp where he met Else Margrethe Rich, a veteran of the Danish resistance movement who found work on the staff of the camp after the war. Traumatized by the war and the loss of his family, and afraid of further anti-Semitic oppression, Borunsky continued to hide his Jewishness from everyone except for his wife until later life. Borunsky and Rich married and moved to Denmark where <mask> was born in 1950. <mask> and her sister and brother were all baptized in the Russian Orthodox Church but were not raised in any faith. The family emigrated to Canada in 1951, and settled in Sarnia where Borunsky found work in the  petrochemical industry. When she was 8, her parents changed the family's name to <mask> as her father wanted a French sounding name.After his retirement, her father started attending Holy Blossom Synagogue and the Bernard Betel Centre for Creative Living in order to rekindle his Jewish roots and gradually revealed his story to his children. <mask> was raised in Sarnia, and moved to Toronto to study political science at York University but quit after 1½ years, but not before infiltrating and disrupting the Miss Canadian University Pageant yelling "It's true it's a meat market and they do exploit women!" as the winner was announced. After travelling and doing odd jobs, she became a University of Toronto library clerk in 1972 and became active in CUPE. Union activism
In her youth, <mask> was active with the Workers' Communist Party of Canada, a Maoist group, and was a candidate for the party in the 1981 Ontario provincial election in the Toronto riding of St. Andrew—St. Patrick. By 1985, she had left the party and joined the New Democratic Party saying of her earlier radicalism ""I'm older, I don't think we're going to remake the world, but we've got to change what we can."In 1983, she became a regional vice-president of the union's Ontario division and was also working at the Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library. By the mid-1980s, she was president of the Metro Toronto Council of CUPE. In 1986, she ran for the position of Ontario president of CUPE challenging 10-year incumbent Lucie Nicholson. She was unsuccessful, losing by a margin of 318-240, her defeat blamed on a red-baiting campaign by the union's leadership. <mask>, however, did manage to retain a spot on the union's executive board topping the slate of "member at large" positions. By 1988, she was first vice-president of CUPE's Ontario division as well as a vice-president of the Ontario Federation of Labour. In 1989, she successfully ran for the position of national secretary-treasurer of CUPE, the union's number two position.saying that said she stands for strong leadership to help CUPE cope with "some of the incredibly difficult challenges we'll see in the next few years, especially in light of free trade." In the 1988 federal election, <mask> was the NDP's candidate against Liberal Frank Stronach and Progressive Conservative John E. Cole in York—Simcoe placing a "distant third" in the suburban Toronto riding. In 1991, she was elected CUPE national president taking over the 406,000 member trade union. By the time she retired 13 years later the union had grown to 525,000 members. Electoral record

After CUPE
She moved to British Columbia subsequently and ran for the provincial British Columbia New Democratic Party nomination in Vancouver-Fairview but was upset by a businessman Gregor Robertson by a margin of 76 votes on the second ballot. In February 2005, <mask> returned to work in the trade union movement acquiring a position as secretary-business manager and chief negotiator with British Columbia's Hospital Employees' Union. She was known as being on the left of the union and an advocate of issues such as employment equity and childcare.She resigned from this position in September 2011 in preparation for her candidacy in the 2013 BC provincial election in New Westminster. She celebrated her election as New Westminster's Member of the Legislative Assembly at the Heritage Grill. At this party, <mask> led attendees in chanting "NDP". References

1950 births
20th-century Canadian women politicians
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Jewish Canadian politicians
British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs
Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Trade unionists from British Columbia
Canadian Union of Public Employees people
Candidates in Ontario provincial elections
Danish emigrants to Canada
Living people
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
New Democratic Party candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament
University of Toronto people
Women government ministers of Canada
Women in Ontario politics
Women labour leaders
Women MLAs in British Columbia
York University alumni
Canadian women trade unionists
Trade unionists from Ontario
Jewish women politicians
Workers' Communist Party (Canada) politicians

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Judy Darcy
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Bernard-<mask> (; ; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. His opinions, political activism and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years. Life and career

Early life and career
<mask> was born in 1948 in Béni Saf, French Algeria, to an affluent Sephardic Jewish (Algerian-Jewish) family. His family moved to Paris a few months after his birth. He is the son of Dina (Siboni) and <mask>, the founder and manager of a timber company, Becob, and became a multimillionaire from his business. His father participated in the battle of Monte Cassino during World War II.He is the brother of Philippe Levy and . After attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, Lévy entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1968 and graduated with a degree in philosophy in 1971. His professors there included French intellectuals and philosophers Jacques Derrida and Louis Althusser. Inspired by a call for an International Brigade to aid Bangladeshi separatists made by André Malraux, he became a war correspondent for Combat in 1971, covering the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan. The next year he worked as a civil servant for the newly established Bangladesh Ministry of Economy and Planning. His experience in Bangladesh was the source of his first book, Bangla-Desh, Nationalisme dans la révolution ("Bangladesh, Nationalism in the Revolution", 1973). He visited Bangladesh again in 2014 to speak at the launch of the first Bengali translation of this book and to open a memorial garden for Malraux at Dhaka University.New Philosophers
After his return to France, Lévy became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg where he taught a course on epistemology. He also taught philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure. He was a founder of the New Philosophers (Nouveaux Philosophes) school. This was a group of young intellectuals who were disenchanted with communist and socialist responses to the near-revolutionary upheavals in France of May 1968, and who developed an uncompromising moral critique of Marxist and socialist dogmas. In 1977, the television show Apostrophes featured <mask> together with André Glucksmann as a nouveau philosophe. In that year, he published Barbarism with a Human Face (La barbarie à visage humain, 1977), arguing that Marxism was inherently corrupt. Notable books

In the Footsteps of Tocqueville
Although <mask>'s books have been translated into the English language since La Barbarie à visage humain, his breakthrough in gaining a wider US audience was the publication of a series of essays between May and November 2005 for The Atlantic Monthly, later collected as a book.In preparation for the series, In the Footsteps of Tocqueville, Lévy criss-crossed the United States, interviewing Americans, and recording his observations, with direct reference to his claimed predecessor, Alexis de Tocqueville. His work was published in serial form in the magazine and collected as a book by the same title. The book was widely criticized in the United States, with Garrison Keillor publishing a damning review on the front page of The New York Times Book Review. The Spirit of Judaism
In February 2016, Lévy published a book entitled L'Esprit du Judaisme. An English version, The Genius of Judaism, was published by Random House in January 2017. In his foreword he describes this work as "a sequel, 40 years later" to Testament de Dieu, his earlier, widely considered seminal, opus. The book explores the reasons why the State of Israel is considered to be a litmus test for Jews and non-Jews alike; as well as the roots and causes of anti-Semitism where it existed, still exists, or is newly nascent.But, most of all, the book is devoted to Levy's "defense of a certain idea of man and God, of history and time, of power, voice, light, sovereignty, revolt, memory, and nature—an idea that contains what I call, in homage to one of the few really great French writers to have understood some of its mystery, the genius of Judaism." Notable movies

The Tobruk Oath
Documentary released in 2012. It tells the diplomatic events of the Libyan Civil War seen from the inside by Lévy. Peshmerga
Lévy's involvement with the Kurdish cause goes back to the early 1990s. On 16 May 2016, Bernard-Henri <mask>'s new documentary film, Peshmerga, was chosen by the Cannes film festival as a special screening to its official selection. Lévy developed his vision of the Iraqi Civil War, through the Peshmerga fighters (Kurdish fighters armed by Westerners and fighting in particular against Daesh). It consists of images shot on the spot by a small team, especially with the help of drones.It portraits notably the female regiments of the Peshmerga army. The movie itself is, as stated in its official Cannes presentation:

"The third part of a trilogy, opus three of a documentary made and lived in real time, the missing piece of the puzzle of a lifetime, the desperate search for enlightened Islam. Where is that other Islam strong enough to defeat the Islam of the fundamentalists? Who embodies it? Who sustains it? Where are the men and women who in word and deed strive for that enlightened Islam, the Islam of law and human rights, an Islam that stands for women and their rights, that is faithful to the lofty thinking of Averroes, Abd al-Qadir al-Jilani, Ibn Tufail, and Rumi? ..."

"Here, with this third film, this hymn to Kurdistan and the exception that it embodies, I have the feeling of possibly reaching my goal.Kurdistan is Sunnis and Shiites, Chaldeans, Assyrians, Aramaic-speaking Syrians living freely with Muslims, the memory of the Jews of Aqrah, secularism, freedom of conscience and belief. It is where one can run into a Jewish Barzani on the forward line of a front held, 50 kilometers from Erbil, by his distant cousin, a Muslim, Sirwan Barazi… Better than the Arab Spring. The Bosnian dream achieved. My dream. There is no longer really any doubt. Enlightened Islam exists: I found it in Erbil." A year later, <mask> said that "Jews have a special obligation to support the Kurds", and that he hopes "they will come say to the Peshmerga: 'For years now you have spilled your blood to defend the values of our shared civilization.Now it is our turn to defend your right to live freely and independently.. He received the 2017 Cinema for Peace Most Valuable Documentary of the Year Award for such film. The Mosul Battle
Documentary released in 2017. Alongside Kurdish fighters and Iraqi soldiers, Lévy chronicles, street after street, the liberation of the self-proclaimed capital of the organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Mosul. Political activism and social involvement
In 1981, Lévy published L'Idéologie française ("The French Ideology"), arguably his most influential work, in which he offers a dark picture of French history. It was strongly criticised for its journalistic character and unbalanced approach to French history by some of the most respected French academics, including Marxism-critic Raymond Aron. In the 1990s, Lévy called for European and American intervention in the Bosnian War during the breakup of Yugoslavia.He spoke about the Serb POW camps which were holding Muslims. He referred to the Jewish experience in the Holocaust as providing a lesson that mass murder cannot be ignored by those in other nations. At the end of the 1990s, with <mask> and Alain Finkielkraut, Lévy founded an Institute on Levinassian Studies at Jerusalem, in honor of Emmanuel Levinas. Recent political activities

In 2006, Lévy joined the British debate over Muslim women's veils by suggesting to The Jewish Chronicle that wearing a veil had the effect of dehumanizing the wearer by hiding her face – and said, alluding to a passage by Emmanuel Levinas, that "the veil is an invitation to rape". In 2009, Lévy signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl. Through the 2000s, Lévy argued that the world must pay more attention to the crisis in Darfur. In January 2010, he publicly defended Popes Pius XII and Benedict XVI against political attacks directed against them from within the Jewish community.At the opening of the "Democracy and its Challenges" conference in Tel Aviv (May 2010) Lévy gave a very high estimation of the Israel Defense Forces, saying "I have never seen such a democratic army, which asks itself so many moral questions. There is something unusually vital about Israeli democracy." Lévy has reported from troubled zones during wartime, to attract public opinion, in France and abroad, over those political changes. In August 2008, Lévy reported from South Ossetia, Georgia, during the 2008 South Ossetia war; on that occasion he interviewed the President of Georgia, Mikheil Saakashvili. In March 2011, he engaged in talks with Libyan rebels in Benghazi, and publicly promoted the international acknowledgement of the recently formed National Transitional Council. Later that month, worried about the 2011 Libyan civil war, he prompted and then supported Nicolas Sarkozy's seeking to persuade Washington, and ultimately the United Nations, to intervene in Libya to prevent a massacre in Benghazi. In May 2011, Lévy

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 defended IMF Chief Dominique Strauss-Kahn when Kahn was accused of sexually assaulting a chambermaid in New York City.Lévy questioned the credibility of the charges against Strauss-Kahn, asking The Daily Beast, "how a chambermaid could have walked in alone, contrary to the habitual practice of most of New York's grand hotels of sending a 'cleaning brigade' of two people, into the room of one of the most closely watched figures on the planet." In May 2011, Lévy argued for military intervention in Syria against Bashar al-Assad after violence against civilians in response to the 2011 Syrian uprising. He repeated his position in a letter to the Weekly Standard in August 2013. On 9 November 2011, his book, La guerre sans l'aimer, which tells the story of his Libyan spring, was published. In April 2013, he was convicted by a French court for libelling journalist Bernard Cassen. In 2013, Lévy criticized the international community for their acts during the Bosnian genocide. Levy travellled to Kyiv, Ukraine during the Euromaidan in February 2014, actively promoting the events.In February 2015, he performed his play Hotel Europa at the National Opera of Ukraine on the first anniversary of the Euromaidan's toppling of the pro-Russian oligarchy of Viktor Yanukovych. In April 2014, he visited Bangladesh for the first time since 1972 to speak at the launch of the first Bengali translation of his first book  Bangla-Desh, Nationalisme dans la révolution ("Bangladesh, Nationalism in the Revolution", 1973), and to open a memorial garden for Malraux at Dhaka University. On 5 June 2018, he performed his one-man play Last Exit before Brexit at the Cadogan Hall in London. The play is a revised version of Hotel Europa and argues passionately that Brexit should be abandoned. In December 2019, Lévy visited the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, where he met Kurdish fighters led by General Mazloum Abdi. In July 2020, Lévy arrived on Misrata Airport in Libya, then he met some Government of National Accord officials. Criticisms and controversies
Early essays, such as Le Testament de Dieu or L'Idéologie française faced strong rebuttals from noted intellectuals on all sides of the ideological spectrum, such as historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet and philosophers Cornelius Castoriadis, Raymond Aron, and Gilles Deleuze, who called Lévy's methods "vile".More recently, <mask> was publicly embarrassed when his essay De la guerre en philosophie (2010) cited the writings of French philosopher Jean-Baptiste Botul. Botul's writings are actually well-known spoofs, and Botul himself is the purely fictional creation of a living French journalist and philosopher, Frédéric Pagès. The obviousness of the hoax, with Botul's philosophy being botulism, led to suspicions that Levy had not read Botul, and that he consequently might have used a ghostwriter for his book. Responding in an opinion piece, Levy wrote: "It was a truly brilliant and very believable hoax from the mind of a Canard Enchaîné journalist who remains a good philosopher all the same. So I was caught, as were the critics who reviewed the book when it came out. The only thing left to say, with no hard feelings, is kudos to the artist." In the essay Une imposture française, journalists Nicolas Beau and Olivier Toscer claim that <mask> uses his unique position as an influential member of both the literary and business establishments in France to be the go-between of the two worlds, which helps him to get positive reviews as marks of gratitude, while silencing dissenters.For instance, Beau and Toscer noted that most of the reviews published in France for Who Killed Daniel Pearl? did not mention strong denials about the book given by experts and by Pearl's own family including wife Mariane Pearl, who called Lévy "a man whose intelligence is destroyed by his own ego". Who Killed Daniel Pearl? In 2003, <mask> wrote an account of his efforts to track the murderer of Daniel Pearl, The Wall Street Journal reporter who was taken captive and beheaded by Islamic extremists the previous year. At the time of Pearl's death, <mask> was visiting Afghanistan as French President Jacques Chirac's special envoy. He spent the next year in Pakistan, India, Europe and the United States trying to uncover why Pearl's captors held and executed him. The resulting book, Who Killed Daniel Pearl?, argues it was because Pearl knew too much about the links between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and al-Qaeda.The book was strongly criticized by both experts and Pearl's own family, including wife Mariane Pearl who called Lévy "a man whose intelligence is destroyed by his own ego". The book was condemned by William Dalrymple, a British historian of India and travel writer, and others, for its lack of rigour and its caricatured depictions of Pakistani society. Dalrymple also criticized <mask>'s fictionalised account of Pearl's thoughts in the last moments of his life. Pie throwing
Bernard-Henri <mask> is a favorite victim of pie thrower Noël Godin. Threats
<mask> was one of six Jewish public figures in Europe targeted for assassination by a Belgium-based Islamist militant group in 2008. The list included others in France such as Josy Eisenberg. That plot was foiled after the group's leader, Abdelkader Belliraj, was arrested on unrelated murder charges from the 1980s.Personal life
<mask> has been married three times. His eldest daughter by his first marriage to Isabelle Doutreluigne, Justine <mask>, is a best-selling novelist. He has a son, Antonin-Balthazar <mask>, by his second wife, Sylvie Bouscasse. He is currently married to French actress and singer Arielle Dombasle. The affair between Lévy and English socialite Daphne Guinness was an open secret known amongst US society columnists since 2008. On 13 July 2010, Daphne Guinness confirmed the stories to Harper's Bazaar. Lévy is proudly Jewish, and he has said that Jews ought to provide a unique Jewish moral voice in society and politics.Lévy has been friends with Nicolas Sarkozy since 1983. Relations between them deteriorated during Sarkozy's 2007 presidential run in which Lévy backed the Socialist candidate and also described Sarkozy as "A man with a warrior vision of politics". However, they grew closer again after Sarkozy's victory. In 2004, his fortune amounts to 150 million euros. The owner of seven companies, this fortune comes essentially from inheritance from his parents, then complemented by stock exchange investments (in 2000 he was suspected of insider trading by the Commission des opérations de bourse). Works
<mask>'s works have been translated into many different languages; below is an offering of works available in either French or English. , 1973 (reissued in 1985 under the title Les Indes Rouges)., 1977. "Response to the Master Censors". Telos 33 (Fall 1977). New York: Telos Press. , 1978.
 , 1981.
 , 1984.
 , 1987.
 , 1988.
 , 1991; translated as Adventures on the Freedom Road: The French Intellectuals in the 20th Century, 1995, Harvill Press,
 , 1992
 , 1992
 , 1994.
 , 1994.
 , 1994. What Good Are Intellectuals: 44 Writers Share Their Thoughts, 2000, Algora Publishing,
 , 1997.
 , 2000; translated by Andrew Brown as Sartre: The Philosopher of the Twentieth Century, 2003, Polity Press,
 , 2002; translated by Charlotte Mandell as War, Evil and End of History, 2004, Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd [UK],
 , 2003; translated by James X. Mitchell as Who Killed Daniel Pearl?, 2003, Melville House Publishing,
 , 2004. American Vertigo: Traveling America in the Footsteps of Tocqueville, 2006,
 Ce grand cadavre à la renverse, 2007, Grasset, ; translated by Benjamin Moser as Left in Dark Times: A Stand Against the New Barbarism, 2008, Random House Publishing Group,
 , 2008, with Michel Houellebecq; translated by Miriam Frendo and Frank Wynne as Public Enemies: Dueling Writers Take on Each Other and the World, 2011, Atlantic Books (UK), Random House (US),
 De la guerre en philosophie, 2010.La guerre sans l'aimer, 2011. L'esprit du judaïsme, 2016, Grasset; translated by Stephen B. Kennedy as The Genius of Judaism, 2017, Random House,
 L'empire et les cinq rois, 2018, translated by Stephen B. Kennedy as The Empire and the Five Kings: America's Abdication and the Fate of the World, 2019, Henry Holt & Co, . , 2020. Sur la route des hommes sans nom, 2021. References

Further reading
 Dominique Lecourt, Mediocracy: French Philosophy Since the Mid-1970s (2001), new edition. Verso, London, 2002. Craig Owens, "Sects and Language", in Beyond Recognition: Representation, Power, and Culture, Scott Bryson, et al., eds (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1992), 243–52.External links

  (in English and French)

 * Institute for Levinassian Studies, co-founded by Bernard-Henri <mask>, <mask> and Alain Finkielkraut
  France's Most Famous Intellectual Urges Jews Not To Leave

1948 births
Living people
20th-century French male writers
20th-century French Sephardi Jews
20th-century French writers
21st-century French writers
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French film directors
French male non-fiction writers
French male novelists
French novelists
French philosophers
Jewish anti-communists
Jewish philosophers
Jewish writers
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
Lycée Pasteur (Neuilly-sur-Seine) alumni
Neoconservatism
People from Béni Saf
Pieds-Noirs
Prix Interallié winners
Prix Médicis winners
Sciences Po

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<mask> (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter and recording artist. He is the lead vocalist for American rock band Escape the Fate. He was formerly the lead vocalist for the bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. He is also the current lead vocalist of his side-project band, The Dead Rabbitts. Early life

In his early childhood, Mabbitt required the frequent and scheduled use of a nebulizer as a result of severe asthma. He also had to attend a special class due to a speech disorder, but nevertheless he overcame these setbacks, and in his adolescent years, realized his "dream of becoming a singer in a rock band." Musical career

Blessthefall (2003–2008)

While with Blessthefall, Mabbitt released two self-released EPs and one full-length album.Their first full album, His Last Walk, was released on April 10, 2007 on Science Records/Ferret Music. It produced four singles; the last of which, "Rise Up", was released after he left the band, and he does not appear in the video. In the middle of their 2007 European Tour with Silverstein and The Vincent Black Shadow, <mask> left the band for personal reasons, and was replaced by Beau Bokan, the former lead vocalist for Take the Crown. Both <mask> and Jonny <mask> filled in for A Skylit Drive on clean and unclean positions after leaving their bands, during their tour in late 2007. The Word Alive (2008)

<mask> founded the Arizona-based metalcore band The Word Alive in 2008 as a side-project while also performing in Escape the Fate. He and the group recorded songs for an EP that was never officially released, and November 2008 the band dropped <mask>, claiming complications due to his involvement with Escape the Fate. <mask> was replaced by Tyler Smith, formerly the bassist of Greeley Estates and singer/keyboardist of In Fear and Faith; since then, The Word Alive has released an EP and five albums.Escape the Fate (2008–present)

After singer Ronnie Radke was sentenced to five years' probation for battery charges (and then two years' imprisonment for failure to report to his probation officer) Escape the Fate turned to <mask>, who had played with Escape the Fate on the Black on Black Tour while with Blessthefall. After several trial shows he became the official new singer and they entered the studio to record their second full-length album This War Is Ours, which was released on October 21, 2008. It was the first Escape the Fate album with <mask> as singer; the album was a commercial success, entering at No. 35 on the Billboard 200 and selling 13,000 copies in the first week. The third studio album from the band and second to feature <mask> was Escape the Fate which was released on November 2, 2010 and is the band's most successful album to date charting No. 25 on the Billboard 200, No. 1 at Hard Rock Albums, No.14 in a Rock Albums, No. 13 in Alternative and Independent charts and No. 118 in Digital Albums Chart. On May 14, 2013 the band released their fourth studio album and third with <mask> Ungrateful. On October 30, 2015 the band released their fifth studio album and fourth with <mask> "Hate Me". The band released their sixth studio album, I Am Human on March 30, 2018. On April 16, 2021 the band released their seventh studio album and sixth with Mabbitt Chemical Warfare.The Dead Rabbitts (2011–present)

In late December 2011, <mask> announced an upcoming side project, along with a new Escape the Fate album. He revealed that a single would be released in February 2012, and the album will be produced by Caleb Shomo of Beartooth and will be a reminiscent of his music from Blessthefall and The Word Alive. <mask> was set to release his debut solo album April 9, stating "what better day to release your album than on your birthday?" On Facebook, <mask> announced that if his official Facebook page got to 50,000 likes, he would release a new song. On his Twitter, he revealed that he was working on a song titled "Are You Still On Drugs", which may be related to a song titled "Are You On Drugs" that he wrote back when he was in The Word Alive. When the page got to about 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled "Edge of Reality". "Edge of Reality" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes.<mask> posted a status update on his Facebook page informing that if the page got up to 75,000 likes, he would release another new song for his fans from his upcoming solo album. He also revealed a part of the lyrics of the upcoming song. Along with this announcement, he revealed an upcoming video for "Edge of Reality". On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP titled Edge of Reality under the band name The Dead Rabbitts. On April 9, the EP or full length wasn't released on <mask>'s birthday as expected, so instead, he released a new song on YouTube, titled "World of Disaster", along with the final version of "Edge of Reality" on YouTube, and the "Edge of Reality – Single" on iTunes as well. <mask> also announced that he plans on releasing the "Edge of Reality EP" once 100% is met on the scale for the pledge, so fans can pledge now, which means pre-ordering the EP, for just digital download or also with the physical copy as well. <mask> has announced that he plans on releasing the Edge of Reality EP on October 19, 2012.He has streamed a new track only for the people who pledged, it's entitled "Nuthin But a Reject". Another new track was released online by <mask> entitled "Make Me Believe It" featuring Caleb Shomo of Attack Attack! On October 3, the goal was met for the pledge and for this <mask> released another track entitled "Sleep The Night Away" online. In late 2013, <mask> and the band announced the release of their full-length debut album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16. the band released their first single "My Only Regret" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200.The band released their second studio album, This Emptiness on April 17, 2017. On October 25, 2019, the band released "Dead By Daylight", a single written by <mask> with his son, Mizo, as a guest vocalist It is based on the horror-survival video game, Dead by Daylight. On December 6, 2019, the band's second EP, Break the Static, was released. Solo career (2020)

<mask> released his first solo song "Never Be" through SoundCloud on April 9, 2020. The song was released to celebrate his 33rd birthday. Discography

Solo career
 "Never Be" (Single, 2020)
 "One More Light" (Linkin Park cover, 2020)
 "Hollywood's Bleeding" (Post Malone cover, 2020)

Blessthefall
 Black Rose Dying (ЕР) (2005)
 Blessthefall (ЕР) (2006)
 His Last Walk (2007)

The Word Alive
 The Word Alive (ЕР) (2008)

Escape the Fate
 This War Is Ours (2008)
 Escape the Fate (2010)
 Ungrateful (2013)
 Hate Me (2015)
 I Am Human (2018)
 Chemical Warfare (2021)

The Dead Rabbitts
 Edge of Reality (ЕР) (2012)
 Shapeshifter (2014)
 This Emptiness (2017)
 Break the Static (ЕР) (2019)
 Rumination (2022)

Collaborations

References

1987 births
Living people
American male singers
Musicians from Scottsdale, Arizona
American heavy metal singers
Escape the Fate members
Musicians from Glendale, Arizona
21st-century American singers

sv:<mask>

masks:
Craig Edward Mabbitt
Mabbitt
Craig Mabbitt
Craig
Mabbitt
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Mabbitt
Craig Mabbitt


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Dame <mask>ā Ḥadīd; 31 October 1950 – 31 March 2016) was an Iraqi-British architect, artist and designer, recognised as a major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Born in Baghdad, Iraq, <mask> studied mathematics as an undergraduate and then enrolled at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in 1972. In search of an alternative system to traditional architectural drawing, and influenced by Suprematism and the Russian avant-garde, <mask> adopted painting as a design tool and abstraction as an investigative principle to "reinvestigate the aborted and untested experiments of Modernism [...] to unveil new fields of building." She was described by The Guardian as the "Queen of the curve", who "liberated architectural geometry, giving it a whole new expressive identity". Her major works include the London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics, the Broad Art Museum, Rome's MAXXI Museum, and the Guangzhou Opera House. Some of her awards have been presented posthumously, including the statuette for the 2017 Brit Awards. Several of her buildings were still under construction at the time of her death, including the Daxing International Airport in Beijing, and the Al Wakrah Stadium in Qatar, a venue for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.<mask> was the first woman to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 2004. She received the UK's most prestigious architectural award, the Stirling Prize, in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, she was made a Dame by Elizabeth II for services to architecture, and in February, 2016, the month preceding her death, she became the first woman to be individually awarded the Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects (Ray Eames and Sheila O'Donnell had previously been awarded it jointly with Charles Eames and John Tuomey respectively). Early life, academic career and family
<mask> <mask> was born on 31 October 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq, to an upper class Iraqi family. Her father, Muhammad al-Hajj Husayn <mask>, was a wealthy industrialist from Mosul. He co-founded the left-liberal al-Ahali group in 1932, a significant political organisation in the 1930s and 1940s. He was the co-founder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq and served as minister of finance after the overthrow of the monarch after the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état for the government of General Abd al-Karim Qasim.Her mother, Wajiha al-Sabunji, was an artist from Mosul while her brother Foulath <mask> was a writer, accountant and expert on Arab affairs. <mask> once mentioned in an interview how her early childhood trips to the ancient Sumerian cities in southern Iraq sparked her interest in architecture. In the 1960s <mask> attended boarding schools in England and Switzerland. <mask> studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut before moving, in 1972, to London to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. There she studied with Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis and Bernard Tschumi. Her former professor, Koolhaas, described her at graduation as "a planet in her own orbit." Zenghelis described her as the most outstanding pupil he ever taught.'We called her the inventor of the 89 degrees. Nothing was ever at 90 degrees. She had spectacular vision. All the buildings were exploding into tiny little pieces." He recalled that she was less interested in details, such as staircases. "The way she drew a staircase you would smash your head against the ceiling, and the space was reducing and reducing, and you would end up in the upper corner of the ceiling. She couldn't care about tiny details.Her mind was on the broader pictures—when it came to the joinery she knew we could fix that later. She was right.' Her AA graduation thesis, Malevich's Tektonik, was a concept and design for a 14-level hotel on London's Hungerford Bridge executed as an acrylic painting, inspired by the works of the Russian suprematist artist Kazimir Malevich. After graduation in 1977, she went to work for her former professors, Koolhaas and Zenghelis, at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture, in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Through her association with Koolhaas, she met the architectural engineer Peter Rice, who gave her support and encouragement during the early stages of her career. <mask> became a naturalised citizen of the United Kingdom. She opened her own architectural firm, Zaha Hadid Architects, in London in 1980.During the early 1980s <mask>'s style introduced audiences to a new modern architecture style through her extremely detailed and professional sketches. At the time people were focused on postmodernism designs, so her designs were a different approach to architecture that set her apart from other designers. She then began her career teaching architecture, first at the Architectural Association, then, over the years at Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge University, the University of Chicago, the Hochschule für bildende Künste in Hamburg, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and Columbia University. She earned her early reputation with her lecturing and colourful and radical early designs and projects, which were widely published in architectural journals but remained largely unbuilt. Her ambitious but unbuilt projects included a plan for Peak in Hong Kong (1983), and a plan for an opera house in Cardiff, Wales, (1994). The Cardiff experience was particularly discouraging; her design was chosen as the best by the competition jury, but the Welsh government refused to pay for it, and the commission was given to a different and less ambitious architect. Her reputation in this period rested largely upon her teaching and the imaginative and colourful paintings she made of her proposed buildings.Her international reputation was greatly enhanced in 1988 when she was chosen to show her drawings and paintings as one of seven architects chosen to participate in the exhibition "Deconstructivism in Architecture" curated by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley at New York's Museum of Modern Art. This, a conference at the Tate in London and press coverage of her work began to not only get her name out into the architecture world, but allowed people to associate a particular style of architecture with Hadid. Early buildings (1991–2005)

Vitra Fire Station (1991–1993)
One of her first clients was Rolf Fehlbaum the president-director general of the Swiss furniture firm Vitra, and later, from 2004 to 2010, a member of the jury for the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize. In 1989, Fehlbaum had invited Frank Gehry, then little-known, to build a design museum at the Vitra factory in Weil-am-Rhein. In 1993, he invited Hadid to design a small fire station for the factory. Her radical design, made of raw concrete and glass, was a sculptural work composed of sharp diagonal forms colliding together in the centre. The design plans appeared in architecture magazines before construction.When completed, it only served as a fire station for a short period of time, as Weil am Rhein soon opened their own fire station. It became an exhibit space instead, and is now on display with the works of Gehry and other well-known architects. It was the launching pad of her architectural career. Spittelau Viaducts Housing Project (1994–2005)
In 1994, <mask> was commissioned by the city of Vienna to design and construct a three-part scheme for the urban redevelopment of an area adjacent to the Danube Canal. Situated along the Spittelauer Lände, the series of buildings interact with and cross over the railway viaduct by Viennese Modernist architect Otto Wagner, a protected structure. In its initial design consisting of five buildings, the mixed-use scheme, described as a "sculpture-like overbuilding" of the historic Stadtbahn railway, was designed by <mask>'s practice ZHA. <mask>, together with British architectural artist Brian Clarke, developed an unexecuted collaborative proposal for the project that incorporated integral artworks by Clarke as part of the Neo-Futurist structures, with interrelated glass mosaic and traditionally-leaded stained glass forming part of the cladding and fenestration of the complex.Clarke developed a new type of mouth-blown glass for the scheme, which he christened 'Zaha-Glas'. Later reduced to three buildings, the project, which experienced delays in construction, was completed in 2006, without the artwork. Bergisel Ski Jump (1999–2002)
<mask> designed a public housing estate in Berlin (1986–1993) and organised an exhibition, "The Great Utopia" (1992), at the Guggenheim Museum in New York. Her next major project was a ski jump at Bergisel, in Innsbruck Austria. The old ski jump, built in 1926, had been used in the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics. The new structure was to contain not only a ski jump, but also a cafe with 150 seats offering a 360-degree view of the mountains. Hadid had to fight against traditionalists and against time; the project had to be completed in one year, before the next international competition.Her design is 48 metres high and rests on a base seven metres by seven metres. She described it as "an organic hybrid", a cross between a bridge and a tower, which by its form gives a sense of movement and speed. Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati (1997–2000)
At the end of the 1990s, her career began to gather momentum, as she won commissions for two museums and a large industrial building. She competed against Rem Koolhaas and other well-known architects for the design of the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati, Ohio (1997–2000). She won, and became the first woman to design an art museum in the United States. At 8,500 square metres, the museum was not huge, and her design did not have the flamboyance of the Guggenheim Bilbao of Frank Gehry, built at the same time. But the project demonstrated <mask>'s ability to use architectural forms to create interior drama, including its central element, a 30-metre long black stairway that passes between massive curving and angular concrete walls.Phaeno Science Center (2000–2005)
In 2000 she won an international competition for the Phaeno Science Center, in Wolfsburg, Germany (2002–2005). The new museum was only a little larger than the Cincinnati Museum, with 9,000 square metres of space, but the plan was much more ambitious. It was similar in concept to the buildings of Le Corbusier, raised up seven metres on concrete pylons. Unlike Corbusier's buildings, she planned for the space under the building to be filled with activity, and each of the 10 massive inverted cone-shaped columns that hold up the building contains a cafe, a shop, or a museum entrance. The tilting columns reach up through the building and also support the roof. The museum structure resembles an enormous ship, with sloping walls and asymmetric scatterings of windows, and the interior, with its angular columns and exposed steel roof framework, gives the illusion of being inside a working vessel or laboratory. Ordrupgaard Museum extension (2001–2005)
In 2001 she began another museum project, an extension of the Ordrupgaard Museum near Copenhagen, Denmark, a museum featuring a collection of 19th century French and Danish art in the 19th-century mansion of its collector.The new building is 87 metres long and 20 metres wide, and is connected by a five-metre wide passage to the old museum. There are no right angles – only diagonals – in the concrete shell of the museum. The floor-to-ceiling glass walls of the gallery make the garden the backdrop of the exhibits. BMW Administration Building (2001–2005)
In 2002 she won the competition to design a new administrative building for the factory of the auto manufacturer BMW in Leipzig, Germany. The three assembly buildings adjoining it were designed by other architects; her building served as the entrance and what she called the "nerve centre" of the complex. As with the Phaeno Science Center, the building is hoisted above street level on leaning concrete pylons. The interior contains a series of levels and floors which seem to cascade, sheltered by tilting concrete beams and a roof supported by steel beams in the shape of an 'H'.The open interior inside was intended, she wrote, to avoid "the traditional segregation of working groups" and to show the "global transparence of the internal organisation" of the enterprise, and wrote that she had given particular attention to the parking lot in front of the building, with the intent, she wrote, of "transforming it into a dynamic spectacle of its own". In 2004 she won the Pritzker Architecture Prize, the most prestigious award in architecture, though she had only completed four buildings – the Vitra Fire Station, the Ski Lift in Innsbruck Austria, the Car Park and Terminus Hoenheim North in France, and the Contemporary Art Center in Cincinnati. In making the announcement, Thomas Pritzker, the head of the jury, announced: "Although her body of work is relatively small, she has achieved great acclaim and her energy and ideas show even greater promise for the future." Major projects (2006–2010)

Zaragoza Bridge Pavilion (2005–2008)
Between 1997 and 2010 Hadid ventured into the engineers' domain of bridge construction, a field also occupied by other top architects including Norman Foster and Santiago Calatrava. Between 2005 and 2008 she designed and built the Bridge-Pavilion of Zaragoza, which was both an exhibit hall and a bridge, created for Expo 2008, an event on the themes of water and durable development. The concrete bridge span on which the pavilion rests is 85 metres long measured from the Exposition site to an island in the Ebro River. The bridge carries or is attached to four tunnel-like exhibition spaces she termed "pods", which spread onto the island, for a total length of 275 metres.The pods are covered with a skin of 26,000 triangular shingles, many of which open to let in air and light. Like her other structures, the bridge-pavilion is composed entirely of diagonal slopes and curves, with no right-angles of orthogonal forms. By its curving shape and low profile, the bridge-pavilion fits smoothly into the grassy landscape along the river. Sheikh Zayed Bridge (1997–2010)
Between 1997 and 2010, she constructed a much more ambitious bridge, the Sheikh Zayed Bridge, which honors Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, between the island of Abu Dhabi and the mainland of Abu Dhabi, as well as to the Abu Dhabi International Airport. Both the design of the bridge and the lighting, consisting of gradually changing colours, were designed to give the impression of movement. The silhouette of the bridge is a wave, with a principal arch 235 metres long, standing 60 metres above the water. The total span of four lanes is  long, and also includes pedestrian walkways.National Museum of Arts of the 21st Century (MAXXI), Rome, Italy (1998–2010)
The National Museum of Arts of the 21st Century (MAXXI for short), in Rome, was designed and built between 1998 and 2010. The main theme of its architecture is the sense of movement;  Everything in the structure seems to be moving and flowing. <mask> took inspiration from the surrounding orthogonal site grids to determine the overall form. The facade belongs to her earlier period, with smooth curving white walls and an austere black and white colour scheme. The building is perched on groups of five very thin pylons, and one gallery with a glass face precariously overhangs the plaza in front of the museum, creating shade. Rowan Moore of The Guardian of London described its form as "bending oblong tubes, overlapping, intersecting and piling over each other. The imagery is of flow and movement and it resembles a demented piece of transport architecture.Inside, black steel stairs and bridges, their undersides glowing with white light, fly across a void. They take you off to the galleries, which are themselves works of frozen motion. The design is intended to generate what <mask> called  "confluence, interference and turbulence",

Guangzhou Opera House (2003–2010)
In 2002 <mask> won an international competition for her first project in China. The Guangzhou Opera House is located in a new business district of the city, with a new 103-storey glass tower behind it. It covers 70,000 square metres and was built at cost of US$300 million. The complex comprises an 1,800-seat theatre, a multipurpose theatre, entry hall, and salon. A

masks:
Zaha Mohammad Hadidah
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