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<mask>'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He announced his retirement from 50 over format on 18th June 2021. He scored the fastest century ever in 50-over World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times. O'Brien is an aggressive right-handed middle to lower order batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in 2006 in Ireland's inaugural match. O'Brien played for Nottinghamshire in 2009, and in 2010 was awarded a contract with Cricket Ireland, making him one of six players with a full-time contract with the board.He was the first player for Ireland to take 100 wickets in ODIs. In December 2018, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract by Cricket Ireland for the 2019 season. In January 2020, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract from Cricket Ireland, the first year in which all contracts were awarded on a full-time basis. In June 2021, O'Brien announced his retirement from ODI cricket, to allow him to focus on T20 and Test cricket. Personal life and education
<mask>'Brien was educated in Marian College, Ballsbridge. He has a degree in marketing and advertising. His brother Niall was also a member of the Irish team.Their father Brendan played 52 times for Ireland. His sister, Ciara, played for the Irish women's hockey team. Career

International breakthrough
<mask>'Brien represented Ireland in the Under-19s World Cup of 2004 in which he made 241 runs to help his country reach the Plate Semi-Final before being defeated by Australia. The following year he played for the MCC Young Cricketers. In June 2006 he made his One Day International debut in Ireland's inaugural ODI game, against England in Belfast. Bowling first he took 1 for 47 off his 10 overs as England managed 301. His wicket came off his first delivery and was that of captain Andrew Strauss who was caught at square leg by Andre Botha.Batting at number 8, O'Brien made 35 from 48 balls but Ireland fell 38 runs short. Taking part in Ireland's disappointing World Cricket League campaign in Kenya, O'Brien was one of the success stories. In their second game of the tournament, against Bermuda, O'Brien took his career best figures of 2 for 38 by taking the wickets of middle order batsmen David Hemp and Lionel Cann. In the chase he made 54, his maiden ODI half century and helped his side win with 8 balls to spare. When Ireland made 284 batting first against Kenya in the following game it was O'Brien who made half of the runs. His innings of 142 was the highest ever by an Irish batsman and was made off 128 balls, containing 10 fours and 6 sixes. Ireland then took on Canada and O'Brien continued his good form with the bat by making his 3rd consecutive score of fifty plus with a composed 52.The final game of the tournament came against the Netherlands and despite failing with the bat he took 2 wickets. He finished as the second top scorer in the League with 263 runs at 52.80. The next tour for O'Brien was the 2007 World Cup in the Caribbean and it would be his biggest test yet as 6 of his 7 One Day International games prior had been against non-Test playing nations. Their opening game against Zimbabwe finished in a tie when Zimbabwe collapsed in the dying stages. O'Brien came on to bowl in the 49th over with Zimbabwe requiring 9 runs from 12 balls and 3 wickets in hand. His first ball was a full toss but Zimbabwean captain Prosper Utseya hit it straight to Eoin Morgan at cover to give him his first World Cup wicket. Chris Mpofu was run out off O'Brien's final delivery and he finished the penultimate over with a wicket maiden.Ireland came up against Pakistan in the next game and they restricted the Test nation to just 132 with O'Brien taking the wicket of Shoaib Malik. O'Brien came in to bat with his side at 70/4 and he added 38 runs with his brother Niall. Ireland eventually won by 3 wickets and O'Brien finished unbeaten on 16 from 52 balls. His highest score of the tournament came in the Super Eight stage against New Zealand where he made 49, hitting 3 sixes. He missed out on his half century when he was run out by his brother. Arguably his best performance of the World Cup was his fast 48 runs scored against Bangladesh which helped secure a historic Irish victory. On 8 June 2009, O'Brien guided Ireland to victory over Bangladesh in the Twenty20 Cricket World Cup.O'Brien was one of seven Ireland players to be nominated for the 2009 Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year (there were fourteen nominees in all), although he did not make the shortlist. Trial with Nottinghamshire
O'Brien was signed by Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club in 2009 on a trial basis. The previous season O'Brien had scored 93 against the club, impressing Mick Newell, Nottinghamshire's director of cricket. He joined the club after the end of Ireland were knocked out of the Friends Provident Trophy, a domestic competition in England. In his stint with the club, O'Brien played eight list A matches, scoring 79 runs at an average of 13.16 with a highest of 42, and taking one wicket for 72 runs; he also played five T20 matches for Nottinghamshire, scoring 31 runs and taking two wickets. During his time with Nottinghamshire, he also played as a professional for Plumtree Cricket Club in the Nottinghamshire Premier League. Professional contract with Ireland
Cricket Ireland, the governing body for cricket in Ireland, awarded O'Brien a full-time "category A" contract in January 2010.He was one of six players to be awarded such contracts with Cricket Ireland (four players received category B contracts and five category C), and came just a year after the first professional contracts were awarded to Ireland's cricketers. Before that players were amateurs relying on income from other jobs and playing cricket in their spare time. The contract allowed O'Brien and the others to focus on cricket, with the aim of improving ahead of the 2011 World Cup. In Ireland's first match at the Sri Lanka Associates T20 Series against Afghanistan, O'Brien performed poorly overall. With the bat he managed only 1 run from 2 balls before having to depart. His bowling figures ended at 0–34, but Ireland managed to seal the win by 5 wickets. In their second match against Canada, O'Brien finished with 0–38 in the Canadian innings, and 5 off 2 balls with the bat as Ireland narrowly lost by 4 runs.In the third and final game (against Sri Lanka A), O'Brien ended the tournament wicketless after 0–15 off two overs. He managed 11 off ten balls as Ireland put in a spirited performance but lost by 5 wickets. In 2010, O'Brien was again nominated for the Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year Award, this time alongside two other Ireland players (there were 16 nominees in all); the award was given to Netherlands Ryan ten Doeschate. O'Brien was selected in Ireland's 15-man squad for the 2011 World Cup hosted by Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. On 2 March O'Brien hit the fastest century in World Cup history, off just 50 balls against England helping his team to successfully chase down a target of 328 when at one stage they were struggling at 111/5. In that World Cup match against England he along with Alex Cusack set the highest ever 6th wicket partnership in World Cup history (162). Ireland won two of their matches, but failed to progress beyond the first round, finishing six out of seven in their group.With 198 runs at an average of 39.60, O'Brien finished as Ireland's second highest run-scorer in the tournament. On 23 May 2013, at Clontarf Cricket Club Ground, Dublin, he scored an unbeaten 84 in 47 balls against Pakistan which helped Ireland to tie the match. Ireland required 15 runs in the last over to win the match, O'Brien hit last ball of Saeed Ajmal to boundary to pull out a thrilling 'tie' for the Irish team. County cricket
O'Brien's performance at the World Cup attracted the attention of Gloucestershire County Cricket Club and he secured a contract with the club for 2011. John Bracewell, Gloucestershire's coach, viewed O'Brien as primarily a one-day player and believed his style of batting was best suited to situations where the team needed to increase their run-rate. He made his debut for Gloucestershire on 15 May, scoring three runs from four balls in a CB40 match against Glamorgan. In June he scored his first century in twenty20 cricket, beating his previous highest score of 39.His innings of 119 runs against Middlesex came from 52 deliveries and helped lift Gloucestershire to the highest total in the history of domestic T20 cricket. O'Brien shared an opening stand of 192 with Hamish Marshall, who also scored a century, and the pair set a record partnership for any wicket in the format. (But this record was broken in just a few years) When O'Brien was finally dismissed, he received a standing ovation. Both <mask>'Brien and Hamish Marshall became the first pair of batsmen to score centuries in a single T20. O'Brien also signed a contract to play in the first season of the Sri Lankan Premier League, which was scheduled to take place in late July and early August, however the competition was postponed until 2012, allowing O'Brien to spend more time at Gloucestershire. His stint with Gloucestershire also clashed with some of Ireland's international matches. Scotland hosted Ireland and Sri Lanka in July for a tri-series; Ireland's match against Sri Lanka was rained off and in the Scotland match O'Brien was dismissed off his first ball.After the internationals O'Brien returned to Gloucestershire, and again helped his team to victory over Middlesex, this time scoring 58 not out from 35 balls. Gloucestershire finished the Friend's Life t20 competition with four wins from sixteen matches, leaving them 8th out of nine teams in their group. O'Brien – who scored 365 runs from 14 matches, making him the club's second-highest run-scorer in the competition, just two runs behind Marshall – felt he had been consistent with the bat for Gloucestershire, but that his bowling had been underused. Such was O'Brien's effect on the team was that, along with batsman Paul Stirling, he was one of two Ireland players shortlisted for Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year at the 2011 ICC Awards. Although a full-strength team played against England in an ODI in August, county commitments meant many of Ireland's senior players were unavailable to play in the team's opening match of the 2011–13 Intercontinental Cup. With regular captain William Porterfield playing for Warwickshire and Trent Johnston who often stood in injured, O'Brien was chosen to lead Ireland against Namibia. He had led Ireland in one-day matches before, but this was the first time he had captained in first-class cricket.In October Ireland sent a seven-man squad captained by O'Brien to participate in the Hong Kong Sixes. At the start of 2012 O'Brien was made Ireland's vice captain, taking over the role from Trent Johnston. Soon after, Cricket Ireland increased the number of players with contracts from 15 to 23; O'Brien was one of four players to be given a category A contract. In February 2012 Ireland toured Kenya for an Intercontinental Cup match followed by two ODIs and two T20Is. During the tour O'Brien was fined 20% of his match fee for "using offensive language when leaving the field after being bowled". <mask>'Brien has signed for Gloucestershire County Club to play a single season in 2016 in all First-class, List A, and T20 and he is a List A specialist. Test cricket and beyond
In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's first ever Test match, which was played against Pakistan later the same month.He made his Test debut for Ireland, against Pakistan, on 11 May 2018, becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to appear in 300 matches for his country. He was the top scorer for Ireland in the first innings, with 40 runs. In the second innings of the match, he scored Ireland's first ever Test fifty, and then first ever Test century. Despite Ireland losing the Test by five wickets, O'Brien won the man of the match award for his batting performance. In January 2019, he was named in Ireland's squad for their one-off Test against Afghanistan in India. O'Brien recorded his second 50 in the second innings. In September 2019, he was named in Ireland's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates.Ahead of the tournament, the International Cricket Council (ICC) named him as the key player in Ireland's squad. Later the same month, during the 2019–20 Oman Pentangular Series, O'Brien became the first batsman for Ireland to score a century in a T20I match, when he made 124 against Hong Kong. On 10 July 2020, O'Brien was named in Ireland's 21-man squad to travel to England to start training behind closed doors for the ODI series against the England cricket team. In September 2021, O'Brien was named in Ireland's provisional squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup. Playing style
O'Brien is a strong batsman, with the ability to clear the ropes. In his record-breaking century against England in the 2011 World Cup in Bangalore, he hit the longest six of the tournament. His brother Niall stated that, "in the field he was grumpy, he was moping around ... when he's like that, he tends to kinda take the bull by the horns".In March 2011 Ireland's coach, Phil Simmons, remarked of O'Brien that, ”There's a lot more thought to his batting and he has worked on different things like batting against spin. He doesn't have the facilities of a county but he is working hard on his game at home." Footnotes

References

External links

1984 births
Irish cricketers
Ireland Test cricketers
Ireland One Day International cricketers
Ireland Twenty20 International cricketers
Living people
Cricketers from County Dublin
Nottinghamshire cricketers
Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2015 Cricket World Cup
Gloucestershire cricketers
Somerset cricketers
Irish cricket captains
Surrey cricketers
Trinbago Knight Riders cricketers
Rangpur Rangers cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers
Leinster Lightning cricketers
Leicestershire cricketers
Cricketers who made a century on Test debut
Kandahar Knights cricketers
People from Sandymount

masks:
Kevin Joseph O
Kevin O
Kevin O
Kevin O
Kevin O


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<mask> (born February 17, 1998) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was selected by the Calgary Flames, 66th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. In 2021, <mask> won the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the NHL's best defenseman, joining Bobby Orr as the only two players in NHL history to win the award before their third NHL season. He played two seasons in the U.S. National Team Development Program, and finished with the record for the most assists in a single season (in 2015–16) and the most assists in a career (in 2014–16). He played collegiate ice hockey for Harvard University, leading all NCAA defensemen in the nation in assists and points in his freshman season, and leading all defensemen in the country in points per game and assists in his junior season. In June 2018, Calgary traded <mask>'s NHL rights to the Carolina Hurricanes, who traded them to the New York Rangers in April 2019. He left college a year early and made his NHL debut for the Rangers in 2019.In his rookie season, he tied for second among all NHL rookie defensemen in goals and was third in assists and points. Early life
<mask> was born in Jericho, New York, to parents Bruce and <mask> and raised in Jewish faith. His father was a New York Rangers season ticket holder. He has an older brother, Andrew, who is an investment banker. His nickname is "<mask>". He attended Jericho High School, and then Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he played hockey, soccer, and lacrosse. Playing career

Early career
<mask> grew up playing for the Long Island Gulls of the Atlantic Youth Hockey League as a youth.He played two seasons (2014–16) in the U.S. National Team Development Program (USNTDP) in Plymouth, Michigan. During his final season in the program, he led all under-18 defensemen in goals, assists, and points. He finished his career with the record for the most assists in a single-season (59; in 2015–16), the most assists in a career (86; in 2014–2016), and the third-most points by a defenseman in USNTDP history. He was named the 2016 IIHF World U18 Championships Best Defenseman, to the 2016 U18 World Hockey Championships Media All-Star Team, and won a bronze medal at the 2016 Championships. Leading up to the 2016 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was ranked 50th for North American Skaters in the final ranking by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He was drafted 66th overall by the Calgary Flames. College
<mask> attended Harvard University for three years, majoring in psychology.He had an immediate impact after joining Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team for the 2016–17 season. He led all NCAA defensemen in the nation, and ranked 4th among NCAA freshmen skaters with 40 points, led all NCAA defensemen and all NCAA freshmen skaters in assists with 34, and led all ECAC skaters in both points and assists, as he played 35 games. He was named 2017 ECAC Rookie of the Year and Ivy League Rookie of the Year after his freshman season. In his freshman season, <mask> helped Harvard win the Beanpot for the first time since 1993 by recording a goal and an assist to beat Boston University 6–3. <mask> also helped Harvard reach its first Frozen Four series since 1994 and win an Ivy title and ECAC Hockey Championship. In the Frozen Four semifinals against University of Minnesota Duluth, the Crimson lost 2–1. In his sophomore 2017–18 season, he had 28 points on six goals and 22 assists in 29 games.He was fifth in the nation among defensemen, averaging .97 points per game. In his junior 2018–19 season, he had 48 points (9 goals, 39 assists) in 33 games for Harvard, and  was the top scoring player and defenseman in the country with 1.45 points per game. He led the NCAA in assists and was fourth in points, while also setting school single-season records for assists and points by a defenseman. <mask> broke the school record for points by a Harvard defenseman in one season, set by Mark Fusco in 1983. He was named a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award as the top player in college hockey, won the 2019 Walter Brown Award, and was an Academic All-Ivy honoree. <mask> was also named to the NCAA First All-American Team and ECAC First All-Star Team in each of his three seasons (2017–19). In 97 career games, he had 116 points (21 goals, 95 assists).He became the fourth defenseman in Harvard history to reach 100 career points. He left Harvard before his senior year to play in the NHL, and is five classes short of graduating. Professional
On June 23, 2018, the Calgary Flames traded <mask>'s NHL playing rights (along with Dougie Hamilton and Micheal Ferland) to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Elias Lindholm and Noah Hanifin. On April 30, 2019, Carolina traded <mask>'s NHL rights to the New York Rangers in exchange for a second-round pick in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft and what would become a second-round pick in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft. On May 2, <mask> signed an entry-level contract with the Rangers, with a maximum entry-level salary ($925,000 plus bonuses). He won the Lars-Erik Sjoberg Award as the top Ranger rookie in training camp in 2019, and made the Rangers' Opening Night roster. He made his NHL debut in October 2019, at 21 years of age.He finished the 2019–20 season with 42 points (8 goals, 34 assists) in 70 games. He tied for second among all NHL rookie defensemen in goals, and third in points, assists, and PPP (13). He ranked first among Rangers defensemen in Goals Above Replacement (14.9) and Wins Above Replacement (2.7). He became the fifth rookie defenseman in franchise history to have at least 40 points in a season, joining Ron Greschner, Reijo Ruotsalainen, Brian Leetch, and Mike McEwen. Despite his rookie season success, <mask> fell short of a Calder Memorial Trophy nomination. During the 2020–21 season, on April 6, during a 8–4 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins, <mask> became the fourth defenseman in Rangers history to record an 11-game point streak. His point streak ended on April 9 at 12 games.He also became the first Rangers defenseman to assist on 11-straight power play goals. On April 29, <mask> was named the recipient of the Steven MacDonald Extra Effort Award. He was given the award for his outstanding defense and consistent play throughout the season. <mask> was the first defenseman to win the award since Brian Leetch won in 1997. On June 29, <mask> won the James Norris Memorial Trophy for the 2020–21 NHL season. <mask> became only the second defenseman in NHL history to win the award before starting their third season. He is the youngest winner since then Montreal Canadiens defenseman P. K. Subban won it at the age of 23 in 2013, and is the first Rangers player to receive the honor since Brian Leetch in 1997.In a shortened 56-game schedule, <mask> led all defensemen with 42 assists and was second in points with 47, behind Tyson Barrie of the Edmonton Oilers. In 55 games, he registered five goals, posted a plus-19 rating, averaged 24:42 of ice time per game, and finished with 23 power play points. On November 1, 2021, <mask> signed a seven-year, $66.5 million contract extension with the Rangers. In January 2022, <mask> was chosen to his first NHL All-Star Game, which will be held at T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada. After scoring two goals with an assist in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on January 19, <mask> became the first Rangers defenseman to reach the 40-point mark in 40 games or fewer since Brian Leetch in the 2000–01 season. International play

<mask> has represented the United States men's national junior ice hockey team at both the 2017 and 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. In 2017, <mask> won a gold medal with Team USA while recording four points in seven games.The following year, <mask> was named an alternate captain for Team USA at the 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He led Team USA to a bronze medal while leading the team's defensemen in assists and points. Following the conclusion of his collegiate career, on April 19, 2019, <mask> was selected to represent the senior United States team at the 2019 IIHF World Championship held in Bratislava and Košice, Slovakia. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

See also
 List of select Jewish ice hockey players

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Calgary Flames draft picks
Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey players
Ice hockey players from New York (state)
Jewish ice hockey players
Jewish American sportspeople
New York Rangers players
People from Jericho, New York
USA Hockey National Team Development Program players
21st-century American Jews
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

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Adam Fox
Fox
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Tammy Fox
Foxy
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<mask> (born 1937) is an American writer, documentarian, and professor. Biography
<mask> was born in Grundy, Virginia, in 1937. He grew up in the southern Appalachian Mountains and was raised alternately by his maternal grandparents in Southwest Virginia and his paternal grandparents in Eastern Kentucky in several towns, but primarily in the small community of Allais, near Hazard, in Perry County. He attended Stuart Robinson School in Letcher County, Kentucky, from 1946 to 1955. <mask> attended the University of Kentucky from 1955 to 1959, graduating with a degree in journalism and English. In 1960, he received a Wallace Stegner Fellowship in Creative Writing at Stanford University where he studied with literary critic Malcolm Cowley and the Irish short story writer Frank O'Connor

After Stanford, <mask> spent two years in the U.S. Army. He returned to eastern Kentucky in 1963 to work as a reporter for his hometown newspaper, The Hazard Herald.Leaving newspaper work to concentrate on his fiction writing, <mask> took a job with the U.S. Forest Service as a fire lookout in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in the summers of 1966 and 1967. In 1971, his novel Divine Right's Trip was published in The Last Whole Earth Catalog and subsequently by the Dial Press and Bantam Books. <mask> was one of the founders of the Briarpatch Network in 1974, with Richard Raymond and Michael Phillips. In 1977, his book of short stories Kinfolks, which received Berea College's Weatherford Award, was published by Gnomon Press. In 1979, <mask> joined the faculty of the University of Kentucky as an associate professor of English. He served as Director of the English Department's Creative Writing Program from 2000 to 2014. In 1996 his work as a fiction writer, filmmaker, and cultural advocate was honored at the Fifteenth Annual Emory and Henry College Literary Festival, which celebrates significant writers in the Appalachian region.In 2002 he was honored by the Eastern Kentucky Leadership Conference for outstanding contribution to the advancement of regional arts and culture. In 2007 the Appalachian Studies Association awarded <mask> the Helen M. Lewis Community Service Award, which recognizes exemplary contributions to Appalachia through involvement with and service to its people and communities. He serves as Senior Writer-in-Residence at Hindman Settlement School's annual Appalachian Writers Workshop. <mask> was selected to serve as the 2009–2010 Poet Laureate for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and was officially installed as Laureate on April 24, 2009. On May 8, 2011, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Berea College. On February 13, 2019, he was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame, which recognizes distinguished Kentucky writers whose work reflects the state’s rich literary heritage. He lives in Lexington, Kentucky.Writing
Divine Right's Trip follows DR Davenport and Estelle, a pair of hippie stoners who leave California for eastern Kentucky, where they settle on a farm raising rabbits. The novel was originally serialized in The Last Whole Earth Catalog. Kinfolks is a book of short stories concerning young Wilgus Collier and his relationships with his family members. Ancient Creek is a satirical folktale about a rebellion by mountain people against an absurd and oppressive king in a mythical American region. Filmography

As writer and presenter
 1987 - Time on the River - A historical look at the important role the Kentucky River played in the settlement of the state. KET production. 1989 - From This Valley - Explores the Big Sandy region of Eastern Kentucky, including its trails, people, history, and literary heritage.KET production. 1991 - Wilderness Road - Retraces the route of the famous pioneer trail from Kingsport, Tennessee, to Boonesborough, Kentucky. KET production. Based on <mask>'s work
 2000 - The Wilgus Stories - Dramatization of three Norman short stories--"Fat Monroe," "Night Ride" and "Maxine"—by filmmaker Andrew Garrison. Publications

Fiction
 Book One From Crazy Quilt:  A Novel in Progress (Monterey, KY:  Larkspur Press), 1990. Divine Right's Trip:  A Folk-Tale (New York: Dial Press), 1972. Kinfolks:  The Wilgus Stories (Frankfort, KY:  Gnomon Press), 1977.Ancient Creek: A Folktale (Lexington, KY: Old Cove Press), 2012. Nonfiction
 An American Vein:  Critical Readings in Appalachian Literature with Danny Miller and Sharon Hatfield (Athens, OH:  Ohio University Press), 2005. Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes:  Back Talk from an American Region with Dwight B. Billings and Katherine Ledford (Lexington, KY:  University Press of Kentucky), 1999. References

Further reading
 Chaney, Candace  "A Man of His Words", Lexington Herald-Leader, Page E1, April 26, 2009. Howell, Rebecca Gayle  "<mask> Norman: Poet Laureate", Lexington Herald-Leader, page A15, April 24, 2009. Arnold, Timothy W.  "Hero Trip: Divine Right's Journey of Self", Border States: Journal of the Kentucky-Tennessee American Studies Association, No. 9 (1993).Holbrook, Chris. "<mask> <mask> Remembers His 'Kinfolks'", Lexington Herald-Leader, April 26, 1992. Ward, William S.  A Literary History of Kentucky (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press), 1988. External links
Faculty page from the University of Kentucky
Gurney <mask> biography, from Appalachian Books
<mask> <mask> interview

1937 births
Living people
People from Grundy, Virginia
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
Appalachian writers
Novelists from Virginia
University of Kentucky alumni
Writers from Lexington, Kentucky
People from Perry County, Kentucky
Poets Laureate of Kentucky
American male short story writers
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American male poets
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Kentucky

masks:
Gurney Norman
Gurney Norman
Norman
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Norman
Norman
Norman
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Norman
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Norman
Gurney
Gurney
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<mask> "Micka<mask>' (born <mask>c / Schupanz:  29 March 1913 - 29 April 1943) was a Slovene resistance fighter against National Socialism in Carinthia. In 1943, following capture and more than two months of interrogation-torture sessions, she faced a session of the special "People's Court" at Klagenfurt on 9 April 1943. She was one of a batch of twenty-six captured partisans convicted:  thirteen were sentenced to death:   the other twelve executed were all men. Life
<mask> was born one of her parents' (at least) four children in Ebriach, a small village in the rural Eisenkappel-Vellach administrative district. The region was one of remote mountain villages in which Slovene dialects predominated, but in the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite pragmatic considerations of perceived economic advantage had trumped nationalistic separatism, and throughout her childhood the district had remained part of the Austrian province of Carinthia, rather than joining up with Yugoslavia, across the mountains. Georg and Barbara Županc, her parents, were peasant farmers. With her brothers, Ivan and Miha Županc she was involved in political activism under the leadership of Valentin Kordesch, on behalf of the Communist Party, which had been illegal since an emergency decree dated May 1933, issued by the Austrofascist government of Chancellor Dollfuss.<mask> was still young when she married <mask> from the adjacent district of Zell Pfarre / Sele Fara. He was a nephew of <mask> (1884–1943), who would emerge as a leader of Slovene partisan resistance, and who later died on the guillotine at the same Vienna execution facility and on the same day as <mask> herself. The political context changed in 1938 when the hitherto independent Federal State of Austria was integrated into Germany, which ushered in a more uncompromising approach to political opposition by the security services. The "Anschluss" also made unavoidable - if it was not already unavoidable - national involvement in the forthcoming war, which broke out in September 1939. <mask>'s home region was now on the mountainous southern frontier of an enlarged and increasingly embattled enlarged German state. Between 1941 and 1943 that part of Slovenia, directly to the south of Austrian Carinthia was under German military occupation. German occupation was resisted by Slovene partisans from north of the border who would have classified themselves as (Slovene speaking) Austrian/German citizens.<mask> worked as an "underground messenger" for her brother, Ivan Županc, who had been a founder of the Slovene partisan movement in Carinthia. Another of her brothers, Miha Županc, was also an active member of the Slovene resistance partisans, and it was during a meeting at his remote small-holding that she reported how she was now in contact not just with longstanding "old" comrades, but had been establishing links with a succession of new comrades. She had, in particular, been striking up conversations with off-duty German soldiers who came to take their holidays in the local mountain valleys, in order to try and win them over to join with the Slovene partisans. Even more dangerously, at the instigation of her resistance comrade Franz Weinzierl she had sent a letter to a man called Johann Rozmann in the provincial capital Klagenfurt, inviting him to work with the partisans. She helped Franc Pasterk, who was in Klagenfurt on home leave from the army, to flee to the partisans in Upper Carniola. In September 1942, in the aftermath of a battle against the Second Slovenian Kokra battalion, the Germans came across a "Županc letter" which included mention of a "sick sister", which appeared to be a coded reference to a female partisan group member. From this - probably in combination with other clues they had already acquired - they were able to infer that <mask> was involved in the "Osvobodilna fronta" anti-fascist liberation movement.On 11 November 1942 two apparent partisans, Helmut Sovetz und Felix Koprivnik, turned up at the "Golopkeusche" (farmstead) on the Waschnigberg (local mountain). Sovetz befriended <mask> who took him to be a forestry worker with communist tendencies, and told him about an upcoming meeting of local partisans. In the evening she arrived at the meeting with the two men. The participants were then taken by surprise when a gang of Nazi paramilitaries (SS). <mask>'s trust had clearly been betrayed by two government spies. As the wounded comrades were driven away she was able to jump out of the truck  and disappear into the bushes; but the next day, while making her way back to Eisenkappel, she was found and recaptured by a paramilitary patrol. Some time later a comrade called <mask>r spotted her on "shower day" in the city jail at Klagenfurt, and reported back that her entire body was covered with wounds, caused by the torture to which she had been subjected.It is not entirely clear what information her interrogators extracted from her, but at the subsequent trial in which she was included the court presumably relied on their testimony when it determined that she was a "fanatical agitator and hater" ("fanatische Hasserin und Hetzerin") and referred to her as the "shotgun woman" ("Flintenweib"). For more than two months she was subjected to a programme of torture and interrogation, during the course of which several of her teeth were knocked out. In the Gestapo prison she also repeatedly underwent the unsettling experience of seeing other prisoners being carried out after their interrogation-torture sessions. Confessions allegedly extracted from her led to a number of further arrests. However, since the interrogations were carried out in German, a language of which <mask> understood very little, the record of the interrogations contains many inaccuracies and distortions. Shortly before the trial a lengthy indictment was presented to her, and she refuted much of what she was recorded as having said. On 9 April 1943 <mask> faced the special "People's Court" at Klagenfurt.Ominously, for those familiar with his judicial record, the presiding judge was Roland Freisler. She was the only woman sentenced to death. Thirteen female co-defendants were sentenced to prison terms of between nine months and eight years.. The executions took place on 29 April 1943 at the National Execution Facility at the District Court Complex in Vienna. After the war the remains of <mask>'s body were exhumed and sent to Zell Pfarre for reburial. Notes

References

Carinthian Slovenes
Austrian resistance members
Slovene Partisans
Austrian people executed by Nazi Germany
Slovenian people executed by Nazi Germany
People executed by Nazi Germany by guillotine
1913 births
1943 deaths

masks:
Maria
" Olip
Maria Župan
Maria Županc
Maria Županc
Max Olip
Thomas Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip
Olip
Maria Halle
Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip


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<mask> "D. J." <mask> (born May 13, 1977) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). As a player, <mask> played 45 NHL games with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Colorado Avalanche as a defenceman. As a coach, <mask> won the Memorial Cup in 2015, and spent four years as an assistant with the Maple Leafs before joining Ottawa. Playing career

Junior hockey
As a youth, <mask> played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Windsor, Ontario.Windsor Spitfires (1994–1997)
<mask> was drafted by the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League in the second round, 20th overall, in the 1994 OHL Draft Priority. <mask> appeared in 61 games with the Spitfires during his rookie season in 1994-95, scoring four goals and 17 points, while accumulating 201 penalty minutes, the second most on the club. In 10 playoff games, <mask> scored a goal and four points, as the Spitfires defeated the Sarnia Sting in the first round of the playoffs, before falling to the Sudbury Wolves in the OHL quarter-finals. <mask> saw a big increase in his offensive production during his second season with the Spitfires in 1995-96. In 64 games, <mask> scored 14 goals and 59 points, tying him for fourth in team scoring. <mask> led the team with 260 penalty minutes. In seven playoff games, <mask> scored one goal and eight points, as the Spitfires lost to the Detroit Whalers in the first round of the post-season.The Spitfires named <mask> the captain of the team for the 1996-97. In 63 games, <mask> led the defence in scoring, as he had 15 goals and 67 points, as he finished fifth in overall team scoring. In the post-season, <mask> scored a goal and eight points in five games, as Windsor lost to the Sarnia Sting in the first round of the OHL playoffs. Professional career

New York Islanders (1995–1996)
<mask> was drafted by the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League in the second round, 41st overall, at the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. <mask>'s stay with the Islanders did not last long, as on March 15, 1996, <mask> was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in a trade that included Wendel Clark and Mathieu Schneider going to Toronto, while the Islanders received <mask> Hendrickson, Sean Haggerty, <mask>, and Toronto's first round draft pick in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, in which the Islanders would select Roberto Luongo. Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–2002)
<mask> appeared in one game with the St. John's Maple Leafs, Toronto's American Hockey League affiliate, following the conclusion to <mask>'s junior hockey season with the Windsor Spitfires. <mask> had no points in his lone appearance during the 1995-96 season.<mask> joined the Toronto Maple Leafs at the conclusion of his junior season in Windsor in 1996-97. On March 26, 1997, <mask> played in his first NHL game, earning an assist on a goal scored by Brandon Convery, as the Maple Leafs defeated the San Jose Sharks 2-1. On March 29, <mask> had his first career NHL fight, against Rene Corbet of the Colorado Avalanche. Overall, in eight games with Toronto, <mask> had one assist, and seven penalty minutes. Following the Leafs season, <mask> was assigned to the St. John's Maple Leafs, where in one post-season game, he had no points. <mask> was assigned to St. John's for the 1997-98 season. In 65 games with St. John's, <mask> scored four goals and 15 points, while earning 237 penalty minutes, ranking him third on the team.In four post-season games, <mask> had no points, as the Maple Leafs lost to the Saint John Flames in the Atlantic Division semi-finals. In 1998-99, <mask> saw his offensive production increase in St. John's, as he scored seven goals and 35 points in 79 games, as he was the highest-scoring defenceman on the team. <mask>'s 216 penalty minutes ranked second on the club. In the post-season, <mask> earned an assist in five games, as St. John's lost to the Fredericton Canadiens in the Atlantic Division semi-finals. <mask> returned to St. John's for the 1999-2000 season, as in 74 games, he scored six goals and 28 points, while ranking second on the team with 197 penalty minutes. As St. John's failed to qualify for the post-season, <mask> earned a promotion to Toronto late in the 1999-2000 season. In three games with Toronto, <mask> had no points in three games.<mask> spent the entire 2000-01 season with St. John's. Injuries limited <mask> to 59 games, where he scored seven goals and 19 points. In the post-season, <mask> had no points in four games, as St. John's lost to the Quebec Citadelles in the Canadian Division semi-finals. In 2001-02, <mask> began the season with St. John's. In 59 games with the Maple Leafs in the AHL, <mask> scored six goals and 16 points. On March 1, 2002, <mask> was traded to the Colorado Avalanche in a three-way trade that saw Marc Moro traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs, and a ninth round draft pick acquired by the Nashville Predators. Colorado Avalanche (2002–2004)
<mask> joined the Hershey Bears, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Colorado Avalanche, for the rest of the 2001-02, following his trade by the Toronto Maple Leafs.In 14 games with the Bears, <mask> earned three assists. In the post-season, <mask> appeared in eight games, scoring one goal, his first career AHL playoff goal, as the Bears defeated the Norfolk Admirals in the Western Conference quarter-finals, before losing to the Houston Aeros in the Western Conference semi-finals. <mask> spent the majority of the 2002-03 season with the Colorado Avalanche. On October 17, 2002, <mask> played in his first game with the Avalanche, as he had no points, and a fight with Ian Laperriere, in a 4-1 win over the Los Angeles Kings. On January 23, 2003, <mask> scored his first career NHL goal, as he scored against <mask> of the Columbus Blue Jackets in a 5-0 victory. This point was <mask>'s first in the NHL since March 26, 1997. Overall, in 34 games with Colorado, <mask> scored one goal and accumulated 55 penalty minutes.In the AHL, <mask> played in two games with the Hershey Bears, earning no points. <mask> was re-assigned to the Hershey Bears for the 2003-04 season. In 35 games with Hershey, <mask> scored seven goals and 14 points. On January 14, 2004, <mask> suffered a knee injury in a game against the Norfolk Admirals, causing <mask> to miss the remainder of the season. Following the 2003-04 season, <mask> announced his retirement as a player. Career statistics

Coaching career

Windsor Spitfires (2005–2012)
<mask> joined the Windsor Spitfires as an assistant coach, working under newly hired head coach Moe Mantha. In 2005-06, the Spitfires finished the season with a 32-26-7 record, earning 71 points and seventh place in the Western Conference.In the post-season, Windsor lost in the Western Conference quarter-finals to the Plymouth Whalers. In 2006-07, the Spitfires replaced Mantha with Bob Boughner as the new head coach, as <mask> remained with the club as an assistant. The rebuilding Spitfires struggled to a record of 18-43-7, earning 43 points and ninth place in the Western Conference, as the club failed to reach the post-season. The Spitfires rebounded in 2007-08 season, as the club finished with a 41-15-12 record, earning 94 points, which represented a 51 point improvement from the previous season, as the club finished in third place in the Western Conference. In the playoffs, Windsor was upset by the Sarnia Sting in the Western Conference quarter-finals. Windsor continued to improve during the 2008-09 season, as the Spitfires finished with a 57-10-1 record, earning 115 points and winning the Hamilton Spectator Trophy as the top regular season team in the OHL. In the post-season, the Spitfires swept the Owen Sound Attack in the Western Conference quarter-finals.In the Western Conference semi-finals, Windsor defeated the Plymouth Whalers in six games. In the Western Conference finals against the second place London Knights, Windsor easily defeated them in five games, advancing to the OHL finals. In the final round, the Spitfires defeated the Brampton Battalion in five games, winning the J. Ross Robertson Cup and advancing to the 2009 Memorial Cup. At the Memorial Cup, Windsor defeated the Kelowna Rockets in the final game to win the Memorial Cup. The Spitfires remained a top club in the OHL during the 2009-10, as the club earned a record of 50-12-6, earning 106 points, and first place in the Western Conference. In the post-season, Windsor swept the Erie Otters in the Western Conference quarter-finals, followed by a second consecutive sweep in the Western Conference semi-finals, as Windsor defeated the Plymouth Whalers. In the Western Conference finals, the Spitfires lost their first three games to the Kitchener Rangers before winning four in a row to win the series and advance to the J. Ross Robertson Cup for the second consecutive season.In the OHL finals, Windsor swept the top ranked Barrie Colts in four games to win the OHL Championship and advance to the 2010 Memorial Cup. At the tournament, Windsor put up a perfect record of 4-0, including a 9-1 win over the Brandon Wheat Kings in the final game, to clinch their second consecutive Memorial Cup championship. In 2010-11, <mask> was promoted to become an associate coach of the Spitfires, as head coach Bob Boughner left the club and <mask> took over head coaching duties. Windsor remained a good team during the season, earning a solid 39-23-6 record, earning 84 points, and fourth place in the Western Conference. In the post-season, the Spitfires defeated the Erie Otters in seven games in the Western Conference quarter-finals. In the Western Conference semi-finals, the Spitfires upset the Saginaw Spirit, as the club reached the Western Conference finals for the third consecutive season. In the conference finals against the Owen Sound Attack, the Spitfires lost in five games.Bob Boughner returned to the Spitfires in 2011-12 as head coach, as <mask> remained with the club as an assistant. Windsor began to rebuild during this season, as the club struggled to a 29-32-7 record, earning 65 points, and eighth place in the Western Conference. In the post-season, the Spitfires were swept by the London Knights in four games in the Western Conference quarter-finals. Following the 2011-12 season, <mask> resigned from his position with the Spitfires, as he was hired to become the head coach of the Oshawa Generals. Oshawa Generals (2012–2015)
<mask> joined the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League as head coach for the 2012-13 season. On September 20, 2012, <mask> coached his first career OHL game, earning the victory as the Generals defeated the Peterborough Petes 5-2. Oshawa had a very strong season, earning a record of 42-22-4, getting 88 points, and finishing in third place in the Eastern Conference.In the post-season, the Generals defeated the Niagara IceDogs in five games in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals, however, the club was swept by the Barrie Colts in the Eastern Conference semi-finals. Oshawa improved slightly in the 2013-14 season, as the club finished the season with a 42-20-6 record, earning 90 points and first place in the Eastern Conference. In the post-season, the Generals swept the Mississauga Steelheads in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals, followed by a second straight sweep in the Eastern Conference semi-finals, as Oshawa defeated the Peterborough Petes in four games. In the Eastern Conference finals, the Generals were swept by the North Bay Battalion. <mask> won the Matt Leyden Trophy as the OHL Coach of the Year in the 2013–14 OHL season. The Generals were the top team in the Eastern Conference in 2014-15, as the club earned a 51-11-6 record, earning 108 points, which was an improvement of 18 points over the previous season. In the post-season, the Generals defeated the Peterborough Petes in five games in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals, followed by defeating the Niagara IceDogs in five games in the Eastern Conference semi-finals.In the Eastern Conference finals, the Generals had a re-match against the North Bay Battalion, as Oshawa got their revenge, as they defeated the Battalion in six games. In the J. Ross Robertson Cup finals against the Erie Otters, led by Connor McDavid, the Generals won the series in five games to clinch the OHL championship and a berth into the 2015 Memorial Cup. At the tournament, the Generals finished with a perfect record, and defeated the Kelowna Rockets 2-1 in overtime in the final game to win the Memorial Cup. Following the 2014-15 season, <mask> resigned as head coach of the Generals, as he took a job to become an assistant coach with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Toronto Maple Leafs (2015–2019)
<mask> joined the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League as an assistant coach to newly hired head coach Mike Babcock. In his first season with the Leafs in 2015–16, Toronto struggled to a 29–42–11 record, earning 69 points, and finishing in last place in the NHL. The rebuilding Leafs saw improvement during the 2016–17 season, as Toronto finished with a 40–27–15 record, earning 95 points, and the second wild-card seed in the Eastern Conference.In the post-season, the Maple Leafs lost to the Washington Capitals in six games. Toronto continued to improvement during <mask>'s third season with the team in 2017–18, as the Maple Leafs had a 49–26–7 record, earning 105 points, and third place in the Atlantic Division. In the first round of the post-season, the Leafs lost to the Boston Bruins in seven games. The Leafs saw a slight decline in the 2018–19 season, as the club finished with a 46–28–8 record, earning 100 points, five fewer than the previous season, however, Toronto once again finished in third place in the Atlantic Division. In the first round of the playoffs, the Leafs had a re-match against the Boston Bruins and once again lost in seven games to the Bruins. Following the season, <mask> resigned from his job with the Leafs and took the job to become the head coach of the Ottawa Senators. Ottawa Senators (2019–present)
In May 2019, the Ottawa Senators announced that <mask> agreed to a three-year contract to be the team's head coach.Head coaching record

NHL

OHL

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Colorado Avalanche players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Islanders draft picks
Oshawa Generals coaches
Sportspeople from Windsor, Ontario
St. John's Maple Leafs players
Toronto Maple Leafs coaches
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Windsor Spitfires coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches

masks:
Denis Joseph
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Darby
Kenny Jonsson
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Marc Denis
Smith
Smith
Smith
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Bob Jones
Smith
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Princess Astrid of Sweden (17 November 1905 – 29 August 1935) was the Queen of the Belgians as the first wife of King Leopold III. Originally a princess of Sweden of the House of Bernadotte, Astrid became the Duchess of Brabant after her marriage to Leopold in November 1926. She became queen of the Belgians on 17 February 1934 until her death. Her charity work revolved around women, children, and disadvantaged people. Astrid's only daughter, Joséphine-Charlotte, later became Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg, while both of her sons reigned as King of the Belgians. Astrid was also a sister of Crown Princess Märtha of Norway (wife of King Olav V) and a maternal aunt of King Harald V of Norway. Early life

Princess Astrid was born on 17 November 1905, at the Arvfurstens Palats in Stockholm as the third child and youngest daughter of Prince Carl, Duke of Västergötland, and his wife, Princess Ingeborg of Denmark.Her father was the third son of Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, by his wife, Sophia of Nassau. Her mother was a daughter of King Frederick VIII of Denmark by his wife, Louise of Sweden. Astrid's father was a younger brother of King Gustav V of Sweden; her mother was the younger sister of kings Christian X of Denmark and Haakon VII of Norway. Astrid had two elder sisters Margaretha, Princess Axel of Denmark, and Märtha, Crown Princess of Norway, and a younger brother Prince Carl Bernadotte (prev. Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland). Astrid spent most of her childhood at Arvfurstens Palace in central Stockholm and at the family's summer residence in Fridhem. Astrid was raised in strict education and without much luxury.Astrid attended the Sint Botvid boarding school, where lessons were taught in French. She then went to Akerstrom-Soderstrom finishing school, where she studied sewing, piano, ballet and childcare. After finishing school, Astrid worked at a Stockholm orphanage, caring for children. Engagement and wedding

As an eligible princess, Astrid was mentioned as a potential bride for a number of princes including the future Edward VIII of the United Kingdom and the future Olav V of Norway. Astrid's successful suitor was Prince Leopold of Belgium, Duke of Brabant. In September 1926, their engagement was announced. King Albert I and Queen Elisabeth of Belgium invited the press to the royal palace in Brussels."The Queen and I," declared Albert, "would like to announce to you the impending marriage between Prince Leopold, Duke of Brabant and the Princess Astrid of Sweden. We are convinced that the princess will bring joy and happiness to our son. Leopold and Astrid have decided to join their lives without any pressures or reasons of state. Theirs is a true union among people with the same inclinations." Queen Elisabeth said: "It is a marriage of love... tell it to our people. Nothing was arranged. Not a single political consideration prevailed in our son's decision."In Stockholm on 4 November 1926 civilly and in Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula, Brussels on 10 November religiously, Princess Astrid married Prince Leopold. The couple travelled separately to Antwerp after their civil marriage, to be reunited in Belgium. For the religious marriage, the couple were attended by a large wedding party of young friends and relatives: Princess Feodora of Denmark, Princess Marie-José of Belgium, Princess Märtha of Sweden, Princess Ingrid of Sweden, Alfhild Ekelund, Prince Carl of Sweden, Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden, Crown Prince Olav of Norway, Margareta Stähl, Count Claes Sparre, Anna Adelswärd, Prince Charles of Belgium, Count Folke Bernadotte, Baron Sigvard Beck-Friis, Anne Marie von Essen, and Baron Carl Strömfelt. Princess Astrid was given a tiara as a wedding gift from the Belgian government, created by Belgian jeweler Van Bever, the original version of the diadem is a flexible diamond bandeau in a stylized Greek key motif topped with 11 large diamonds on spikes. These large stones, totaling around 100 carats on their own, symbolize the nine provinces of Belgium and the (now former) Belgian colony of the Congo. She later added a set of diamond arches to enclose each of the 11 independent stones. After Astrid's death the tiara was in the possession of King Leopold, and his second wife Lilian, Princess of Réthy wore parts of the tiara but not the full gem (Lilian never held the title of Queen).Leopold abdicated the throne in favor of his son Baudouin; when Baudouin married, Leopold gave the tiara to the new queen. Fabiola, Belgium's first queen since Astrid, wore it on her wedding day. She handed the jewel over after Baudouin's death to be worn by Queen Paola who, after the abdication of her husband Albert, gave it to Mathilde new Queen of the Belgians. Duchess of Brabant

The Duke and Duchess of Brabant spent their honeymoon in south of France before moving into a wing of the Royal Palace of Brussels. After the honeymoon period, Princess Astrid began learning French and Dutch. Astrid was enthusiastically adopted by the Belgians. She was widely loved for her beauty, charm and simplicity.Her public and official engagements radiated enthusiasm. As the Duchess of Brabant, she worked to alleviate various forms of adversity. In October 1927, Leopold and Astrid had a daughter, Princess Joséphine-Charlotte (later Grand Duchess of Luxembourg). The birth of her only daughter had been a tough period for Astrid for women were barred from the line of succession to the throne. One year later, she and her husband visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia). They arrived with Insulinde ship. When the couple visit Surakarta, Astrid and her husband received a box with gold kris inside as a present from the Dutch East Indies government.Princess Astrid received a box with a fan inlaid with gold inside as a gift. Local people admired Princess Astrid's warm, enthusiastic and less formal attitude. The couple visited Radio Poestoko Museum and Societet Habiprojo where they watch wayang show. They also visited Surabaya and Bali. After spent five months in the Dutch East Indies, the couple moved back to Belgium with Tjerimai ship. Upon their return from Dutch East Indies, the couple moved into Stuyvenberg Castle. In September 1930, Astrid gave birth to Prince Baudouin, who eventually became King of the Belgians.Raised as a Lutheran, Astrid converted to Catholicism after marrying Leopold. She had initially considered converting to Catholicism, simply because it was the religion of Belgium, but the priest she consulted, Father William Hemmick,  told her not to do so until she genuinely believed it was the true religion. Astrid learned more about Catholicism and, several years later, in 1930, converted from genuine conviction. Her decision made her happy, and she confided to a close childhood friend: "My soul has found peace." Her father-in-law, King Albert I, who was very devout himself, repeated, on the day of Astrid's conversion: "I am glad, very glad. Now all the family is united in the same religion." In 1932, Astrid and her husband traveled Asia and Congo.Their children stayed with Astrid's parents in Sweden. According to May 1933 print of De Locomotief, the photos of their visit to the Dutch East Indies were published as a photo collection book titled De Reis van Prins Leopold door Ned-Indie. After the visit to the Congo, she wrote to her friend Countess Anna Sparre (née Baroness Anna Adelswärd) about her impression of the Congo. In her letters, Princess Astrid wrote about the majestic landscapes of Congo land and her concerns about suffering, poverty and infant mortality that Congolese faced. Her husband entirely shared her sentiments. The Duchess of Brabant became a godmother of Anna Sparre's daughter, Christina, and her sister Crown Princess Märtha's second daughter, Princess Astrid. Queen
On 17 February 1934, King Albert I died in a mountain-climbing accident in Marche-les-Dames, Belgium.Leopold and Astrid became the new King and Queen of the Belgians with the style of Majesty. Later that year, the third child of Leopold and Astrid was born. He was named Albert after his grandfather, and would eventually succeed his brother Baudouin as King of the Belgians. As a queen of the Belgians, Astrid dedicated her time to raising her children and promoting social causes that brought her into contact with the Belgians. She was very concerned with the situation of women, children, and disadvantaged people. During an economic crisis in Belgium in 1935, she organized a collection of clothing, money and food for the poor. She did this through an open letter, which was published as the "Queen’s Appeal".Queen Astrid also visited poor settlements in Belgium. Queen Astrid was particularly interested in training women formally in childcare and healthcare. She also supported the training of young girls as dressmakers so they would have better career opportunities. She supported Catholic charitable institutions, such as the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul and liberal organizations, such as the  Fédération des Foyers Belges. She also gave audiences to advocates of women's rights such as Baroness Marthe Boël, president of the National Council of Belgian Women. In May 1935, Queen Astrid patronized Milk Week, an effort to encourage Belgians to drink healthy beverages. She took this opportunity to charge Gatien du Parc, one of her courtiers, with the task of preparing a detailed report on milk regulations in foreign countries.The investigation was very strict. Queen Astrid often did charitable works as part of a Relief Committee. Hobbies and personality
Queen Astrid had a warm, friendly, social and charming personality. According to her friend Countess Anna Sparre, Astrid was a shy and insecure woman. Sparre believed that Astrid's mother Princess Ingeborg's constant praising of her sister Märtha contribute to her shyness and insecurity. Astrid, who apparently a timid and fragile woman, can be fierce and stern, when she had to defend a wronged loved one. She collected Swedish folk art and enjoyed sports such as swimming, skiing, climbing, horseback riding and golf.Death

In August 1935, the King and Queen went incognito to their holiday home, Villa Haslihorn in Horw, on the shores of Lake Lucerne, Switzerland. Joséphine-Charlotte and Baudouin travelled with their parents, while the one-year-old Prince Albert was considered too young for the journey and remained in Brussels. The children returned to Belgium with their nannies on 28 August. On 29 August 1935, the King and Queen went for a last hike in the mountains before returning home. Their chauffeur was sitting in the back of the Packard One-Twenty convertible; the King was driving and the Queen looking at a map. At approximately 9:30 am the Queen pointed out something to her husband, who looked away from the road for an instant. The car left the road, travelled down a steep slope, and collided with a pear tree.Queen Astrid had opened her door and was thrown out upon impact. Her body struck the trunk of the tree while the car hit a second tree. King Leopold was thrown from the car and only lightly injured. The car continued and stopped in a lake. The Queen died from her injuries at the scene of the accident at Küssnacht am Rigi, near Lake Lucerne, Schwyz, Switzerland. Witnesses recalled a single scream, "Astrid!!! ", as Leopold held her bloodied body to his chest.Queen Astrid is interred in the royal vault at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken, Brussels, beside her husband, King Leopold III, and his second wife, Lilian, Princess of Réthy. Legacy

Folklore
, a Swiss historian, describes how Queen Astrid entered folklore in Belgium and Switzerland. Months after her death, newlyweds were bringing flowers to the place where the Queen died. The chapel visitors would also bring wreaths and candles. The visits peaked on feasts of All Saints and All Souls. The Queen was described as an icon of beauty, kindness, romance, marriage and a model Catholic. Mayor of Küssnacht told the Belgian Ambassador to Switzerland: "It is on pilgrimage that these couples arrive here from all over the canton.These young newlyweds, in bridal dress, whom you saw visiting the place where Queen Astrid passed away, are imploring her protection. Your young Queen has become part of Swiss legend; she is, for our people, who have beatified her in their hearts, the symbol of maternal love and conjugal fidelity." Memorials

In 1935, the Belgian postal authorities  issued a postage stamp showing her portrait outlined in black, known as the Astrid Mourning issue. Later that same year, it released a series of  anti-tuberculosis fund stamps with the same design. in 8th arrondissement of Paris was named in her memory. A commemorative chapel named Astrid Chapel was built in Switzerland at the site of the crash. The Swiss government gave the land to Belgium a year after Astrid's death and the chapel was built in the style of a Walloon country church.The chapel has become a destination for Swedish and Belgian tourists. The King's Cross, built in where the Queen died in her husband's arms, is made from Swedish granite. A museum nearby holds images and memorabilia of the event, including a shard from the windscreen and the log of the pear tree. The tree itself was felled by a storm in 1992. The car was sunk at a deep part of the Vierwaldstättersee at the request of the king. A memorial was built by the architect Paul Bonduelle in Laeken, Belgium, and inaugurated on 21 July 1938. The building, which is in the late neo-classical style, faces the Church of Our Lady of Laeken and backs onto the Palace of Laeken.The same year, on the initiative of the local Veterans' Front, a bronze bust of the Queen was erected in Wisterzée Park in Court-Saint-Étienne, Belgium, by sculptor Victor Rousseau. Astrid Avenue in Bogor Botanical Garden in Indonesia (formerly Dutch East Indies) was named after her while she was honeymooning there with her spouse in 1928. The avenue is decorated with spectacular displays of canna lilies of various colors. The Swedish layer cake Princess cake was named after Astrid and her two sisters when they were children. Names
Four of her descendants were named Astrid to honour her. Her granddaughters Princess <mask> of Luxembourg, Princess Astrid of Belgium, her great-granddaughter Princess <mask> of Liechtenstein, and her great-great-granddaughter Archduchess <mask> of Austria-Este. Her niece Princess Astrid of Norway (later Mrs. Ferner) was named to honour her.Her husband King Leopold III's first daughter with his second wife Lilian Baels, Princess Marie-Christine Daphné Astrid Élisabeth Léopoldine of Belgium (b. 1951), was named after her. Titles

Titles and Styles

 17 November 1905 - 4 November 1926: Her Royal Highness Princess Astrid of Sweden
 4 November 1926 - 17 February 1934: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Brabant
 17 February 1934 - 29 August 1935: Her Majesty the Queen of the Belgians

Gallery

Arms

Ancestry

References
 Catherine Barjansky. "Portraits with Backgrounds." Art Beeche. "The Snow Princess." Robert Capelle."Dix-huit ans auprès du Roi Léopold." Charles d'Ydewalle. "Albert and the Belgians: Portrait of a King." Evelyn Graham. "Albert King of the Belgians." Luciano Regolo. "La Regina Incompresa."Lars Rooth. "More Joy Than Pain." Anna Sparre. "Astrid mon amie." External links

Royal Love Match (1926), newsreel on the British Pathé YouTube Channel
Tragic Death of the Queen of the Belgians (1935), newsreel on the British Pathé YouTube Channel
Portraits of the Nation: Postage Stamps and National Identity
The making of a Belgicist reference to Villa Haslihorn
Packard Club images from the Packard car after the accident
BELGIUM: Death of Astrid Time article

|-

1905 births
1935 deaths
Duchesses of Brabant
Belgian queens consort
Naturalised citizens of Belgium
Swedish princesses
House of Bernadotte
Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Dames of Malta
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
Swedish Roman Catholics
Road incident deaths in Switzerland
Belgian princesses
Belgian people of Swedish descent
People from Stockholm
Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
Former Lutherans
House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (Belgium)

masks:
Marie Astrid
Marie Astrid
Anna Astrid


texts:
<mask> (7 February 1883 – 13 April 1950), was an American painter,art collector, and art teacher who inherited a substantial oil fortune upon the death of her parents. She later willed her fortune to be used to establish San Antonio's first museum of modern art, which today bears her name. Inspired by Modern, Impressionism, and American Art she used her wealthy background to cultivate her eclectic art collection. <mask> was able to design her San Antonio home after moving there in 1926. As soon as <mask> moved to San Antonio she began buying and commissioning art pieces. The Spanish styled house was able to showcase a diverse amount of paintings including both American and European styled art. McNay favored Art made in the South Western American style.The fortune she inherited was able to fund her art collection which spanned over seven hundred art pieces by 1950, marking the year of her passing. San Antonio allowed McNay to have an expansive estate marking over 23 acres of land. The goal for McNay was to make her museum "a place of beauty with the comforts and warmth of a home." Early life
<mask> was born in Ohio to Dr.<mask> and <mask>. McNay was their only child and a year after her birth, the family moved to El Dorado, Kansas, where her parents invested and purchased a large tract of pasture land.This land later proved to contain substantial oil reserves, and made the family wealthy. This allowed <mask> to attend the University of Kansas from 1900 to 1902 and the Art Institute of Chicago. When her parents retired in Marion, Ohio she made her move back to her home state.The San Antonio mansion she purchased in 1926 after McNay's inheritance was designed by Atlee and Robert Ayres on an acreage called Sunset Hills and was finished in 1929.Marriages
<mask> married her first husband, railway manager and sergeant, <mask>, in 1917. The marriage only lasted 10 months, ending with Don's death from the Spanish influenza in 1918. She first visited Texas when <mask>, at the time of being alive, was currently stationed in Laredo during World War 1. In 1926, she moved to San Antonio, Texas where she then married prominent ophthalmologist Donald T. Atkinson who also owned a piece of land north of San Antonio, Texas known as Sunset Hills. Although <mask> and Donald were both wealthy, her oil inheritance was not affected during the Great Depression. After her marriage with Donald ended in 1936, she went on to marry (and divorce) four more times, eventually reverted to using the name <mask> for the remainder of her life. She briefly married and financially supported artist Victor Higgins in 1937, but the two separated only two years later and divorced in 1940.Teaching
In 1915, while she was living with her parents, the superintendent of city schools of Marion, Ohio wrote that she "is one of the best qualified art teachers I have ever known. She teaches art in a manner that arouses and develops the child's observation and enlarges his aesthetic nature." McNay supported the Arts and in 1942, she offered the use of her home to the San Antonio Art Institute which in turn prevented the school's closure. Her friend and collaborator, sculptor Charles Umlauf, said that she "always had the sympathy of the artist at hand because she herself was an artist. In the later part of McNay's career she dedicated her time to be a part of the directorship of the San Antonio Art Institute, which eventually closed in 1990, forty years after her death. Art collection
In 1926, after the death of her father, Marion moved to San Antonio with her mother and married Dr. Donald Atkinson. On his property, she began to construct a Spanish Mediterranean style mansion (she designed some of the tilework and ceiling stencils herself), which was completed in 1927.She also began to accumulate a significant collection of artwork. The first oil painting she purchased was Diego Rivera's Delfina Flores. She collected a large number of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works of art, early 20th-century modernists including Picasso, Matisse, and Chagall. She also bought a number of Southwestern santos and retablos. Alongside these works photographs,Native American pottery,sculptures,prints and designs have been added both post-humorously and through her own purchases. Pueblo Indian patronage
<mask> was a significant patron of the arts among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, where she made frequent trips. Although raised Presbyterian, McNay converted to Catholicism under the wisdom and teachings of Rev.Peter Baque, the founder of The Missionary Servants of St. Anthony.The organization was given money by McNay as a form of charity work In 1943, Congress proposed a bill providing for the exploration of Pueblo lands with the ultimate goal of building a dam on the Rio Grande.<mask>, in conjunction with other conservationists, was instrumental in defeating this proposal. Later <mask> requested to be buried next to Rev. Baque in San Antonio after his death in 1938. Death and legacy
Upon her death, <mask> left her art collection of more than 700 works of art, along with the house, the surrounding 23 acres of land, and an endowment, to establish the first Art Museum of Modern Art in Texas. This was the first museum of its kind in San Antonio and the Southwest region of the United States.The museum was named in honor of <mask> and has been considered the centerpiece of San Antonio art community and culture. The museum expanded to include galleries of medieval and Renaissance artwork and a larger collection of 20th-century European and American modernist work. A large theatre arts library and gallery were also added, as well as an art reference library and an auditorium.More recently, the McNay Art Museum recently added the Stieren Center, built by internationally renowned architect Jean-Paul Viguier, to display their Modern collection. References

External links
 The McNay Art Museum
 Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute records, 1955-1981 at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art

1883 births
1950 deaths
People from Logan County, Ohio
People from El Dorado, Kansas
University of Kansas alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
People from San Antonio
Painters from Texas
Painters from Ohio
Artists from Kansas
20th-century American painters
American art collectors
Women art collectors
American art educators

masks:
Marion Koogler McNay
McNay
McNay
Marion
Marion
Clara Koogler
Marion
Marion
Don McNay
Don McNay
Marion
McNay
Marion
Marion
McNay
Marion
Marion


texts:
<mask> (; ; December 23, 1878 – May 29, 1972), later known as <mask>, was a Russian Imperial and later, an American engineer and academician of Ukrainian descent. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor and one of the pioneering mechanical engineers at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. A founding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, <mask> wrote seminal works in the areas of engineering mechanics, elasticity and strength of materials, many of which are still widely used today. Having started his scientific career in the Russian Empire, <mask> emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes during the Russian Civil War and then to the United States. Biography
<mask> was born in the village of Shpotovka, Uyezd of Konotop in the Chernigov Governorate which at that time was a territory of the Russian Empire (today in Konotop Raion, Sumy Oblast of Ukraine). He studied at a Realschule () in Romny, Poltava Governorate (now in Sumy Oblast) from 1889 to 1896.In Romny his schoolmate and friend was future famous semiconductor physicist Abram Ioffe. <mask> continued his education towards a university degree at the St Petersburg Institute of engineers Ways of Communication. After graduating in 1901, he stayed on teaching in this same institution from 1901 to 1903 and then worked at the Saint Petersburg Polytechnical Institute under Viktor Kirpichov 1903–1906. In 1905, he was sent for one year to the University of Göttingen where he worked under Ludwig Prandtl. In the fall of 1906, he was appointed to the Chair of Strengths of Materials at the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. The return to his native Ukraine turned out to be an important part of his career and also influenced his future personal life. From 1907 to 1911, as a professor at the Polytechnic Institute he did research in the earlier variant of the Finite Element Method of elastic calculations, the so-called Rayleigh method.During those years he also pioneered work on buckling, and published the first version of his famous Strength of Materials textbook. He was elected dean of the Division of Structural Engineering in 1909. In 1911 he signed a protest against Minister for Education Kasso and was fired from the Kyiv Polytechnic Institute. In 1911 he was awarded the D. I. Zhuravski prize of the St.Petersburg Ways of Communication Institute that helped him survive after losing his job. He went to St Petersburg where he worked as a lecturer and then a Professor in the Electrotechnical Institute and the St Petersburg Institute of the Railways (1911–1917). During that time he developed the theory of elasticity and the theory of beam deflection, and continued to study buckling. In 1918 he returned to Kyiv and assisted Vladimir Vernadsky in establishing the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences – the oldest academy among the Soviet republics other than Russia.In 1918–1920 <mask> headed the newly established Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which today carries his name. After the Armed Forces of South Russia of general Denikin had taken Kyiv in 1919, <mask> moved from Kyiv to Rostov-on-Don. After travel via Novorossiysk, Crimea and Constantinople to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he arrived in Zagreb, where he got professorship at the Zagreb Polytechnic Institute. In 1920, during the brief liberation of Kyiv from Bolsheviks, <mask> travelled to the city, reunited with his family and returned with his family to Zagreb. He is remembered for delivering lectures in Russian while using as many words in Croatian as he could; the students were able to understand him well. United States
In 1922, <mask> moved to the United States where he worked for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation from 1923 to 1927, after which he became a faculty professor in the University of Michigan where he created the first bachelor's and doctoral programs in engineering mechanics. His textbooks have been published in 36 languages.His first textbooks and papers were written in Russian; later in his life, he published mostly in English. In 1928 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Bologna. From 1936 onward he was a professor at Stanford University. <mask>'s younger brothers, architect Serhii (Sergius <mask>, Ukrainian Minister of Transport, participant in the Second Winter Campaign against the Soviet regime, and member of the Polish Senate), and economist Volodymyr, both immigrated to the United States as well. In 1957, ASME established a medal named after <mask>; he became its first recipient. The Timoshenko Medal honors <mask><mask> as the world-renowned authority in the field of mechanical engineering and it commemorates his contributions as author and teacher. The Timoshenko Medal is given annually for distinguished contributions in applied mechanics.In 1960 he moved to Wuppertal, West Germany to be with his daughter. In addition to his textbooks, in 1963 <mask> wrote a book Engineering Education in Russia and an autobiography, As I Remember in the Russian language. It was translated into English in 1968  by sponsorship of the  Stanford University. Jacob Pieter den Hartog (1901-1989), who was <mask>'s co-worker in early 1920s at Westinghouse, wrote a review in the magazine Science  stating that   "… Between 1922 and 1962 he [S.P<mask>] wrote a dozen books on all aspects of engineering mechanics, which are in their third or fourth U.S. edition and which have been translated into half a dozen foreign languages each, so that his name as an author and scholar is known to nearly every mechanical and civil engineer in the entire world.. Then, Den Hartog stressed: "There is no question that <mask> did much for America. It is an equally obvious truth that America did much for Timoshenko, as it did for millions of other immigrants for all over the world. However, our autobiographer has never admitted as much to his associates and pupils who, like myself often have been pained by his casual statements in conversation.That pain is not diminished by reading these statements on the printed page and one would have wished for a little less acid and a little more human kindness." It should be emphasized that the celebrated theory that takes into account shear deformation and rotary inertia was developed by <mask> in collaboration with Paul Ehrenfest (1880-1933), famous Austrian-Dutch physicist, as the recent handbook  by Elishakoff shows, and thus, should be referred to  as Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam theory. This fact was testified by <mask>. The interrelation between Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories was investigated in the book by Wang, Reddy and Lee. He died in 1972 and his ashes are buried in Alta Mesa Memorial Park, Palo Alto, California. List of <mask>'s doctoral students in the U.S.A.

University of Michigan:

 Coates, W. M., (1929)
 Donnell, L. H., (1930)
 Billevicz, V., (1931)
 Everett, F. L., (1931)
 Frocht, M. M., (1931)
 Goodier, J. N., (1931)
 Brandeberry, J. B., (1932)
 MacCullough, G. H., (1932)
 Jamieson, J., (1933)
 Taylor, W. H., (1933)
 Verse, G. L., (1933)
 Vesselowsky, S. T., (1933)
 Weibel, E. E., (1933)
 Jakkula, A.A., (1934)
 Maugh, L. C., (1934)
 Schoonover, R. H., (1934)
 Way, S., (1934)
 Wojtaszak, I. A., (1934)
 Allan, G. W. C., (1935)
 Horger, O. J., (1935)
 Maulbetsch, J. L., (1935)
 Miles, A. J., (1935)
 Young, D. H., (1935)
 Anderson, C. G., (1936)
 Fox, E. N., (1936)
 Hetenyi, M. I., (1936)
 Hogan, M. B., (1936)
 Marin, J., (1936)
 Zahorski, A. T., (1937)

Stanford University:

 Bergman, E. O., (1938)
 Kurzweil, A. C., (1940)
 Lee, E. H., (1940)
 Huang, Y. S., (1941)
 Wang, T. K., (1941)
 Weber, H. S., (1941)
 Hoff, N. J., (1942)
 Popov, E. P., (1946)
 Chilton, E. G., (1947)

Publications
Applied Elasticity, with J. M. Lessells, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1925
Vibration Problems in Engineering, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1928, 2nd Ed. 1937, 3rd Ed. 1955 (with D. H. Young)
Strength of Materials, Part I, Elementary Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1940, 3rd Ed.1955
Strength of Materials, Part II, Advanced Theory and Problems, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1st Ed. 1930, 2nd Ed. 1941, 3rd Ed. 1956
Theory of Elasticity , McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1934, 2nd Ed. 1951 (with J. N. Goodier)
Elements of Strength of Materials, D. Van Nostrand Co., 1st Ed. 1935, 2nd Ed.1940, 3rd Ed. 1949 (with G.H. MacCullough), 4th Ed. 1962 (with D.H. Young)
Theory of Elastic Stability, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1936, 2nd Ed. 1961 (with J. M. Gere)
Engineering Mechanics, with D.H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1937, 2nd Ed.1940, 3rd. Ed. 1951, 4th Ed. 1956
Theory of Plates and Shells , McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1940, 2nd Ed. 1959 (with S. Woinowsky-Krieger)
Theory of Structures, with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1st Ed. 1945, 2nd Ed.1965
Advanced Dynamics, with D. H. Young, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948
History of The Strength of Materials, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1953
Engineering Education in Russia,  McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1959
As I Remember, D. Van Nostrand, 1968, ASIN: B000JOIJ7I
Mechanics of Materials, with J. M. Gere, 1st edition, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1972
Erinnerungen, Translation from the russian original edition (Translator: Albert Duda), Berlin: Wiley, 2006,  (in German)

See also
 Timoshenko beam theory

References

Further reading
 Korsak, I. Harrow in a strange field (Борозна у чужому полі) - Kyiv, "Yaroslaviv Val", 2014. - 224 p.
He was the first in the Pleiades of outstanding scientists. Biographical essay by Vladimir Tcheparukhin. S. P. <mask>. Structural Mechanics and Theory of Elasticity Department of the Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University. Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич.Timoshenko Stepan Prokofyevich. Biographical essay by V. Borisov.Official website of the Stephen Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
 Soderberg, R<mask> P<mask> (Biographical Memoir). National Academy of Sciences. Washington D.C. 1982. 1878 births
1972 deaths
People from Konotop Raion
People from Chernigov Governorate
Ukrainian engineers
Structural engineers
American mechanical engineers
Russian mechanical engineers
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
University of Michigan faculty
Stanford University Department of Mechanical Engineering faculty
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany

masks:
Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko
Stephen Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Stephen Timoshenko
Stephen P
. Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
. Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
. Stephen
. Timoshenko


texts:
<mask> (, ; October 29, 1918 – January 6, 1993) was a Romanian and Brazilian poet, novelist, publicist and academic who lived his later life in Hawaii. A precocious, award-winning, young author in interwar Romania, he was involved in editing several literary magazines. Attracted into left-wing democratic politics and the Social Democratic Party (PSDR), he camouflaged his views while working for the fascist press under dictatorial regimes, but returned in 1944 to manage the PSDR's Libertatea newspaper. Witnessing first-hand the gradual communist takeover, Baciu managed to have himself assigned to a diplomatic posting in Switzerland, and ultimately defected in 1948. A resident and then citizen of Brazil, and a traveler throughout Latin America, he wrote works in Portuguese, Spanish, English and German, as well as in his native Romanian. Involved with the Congress for Cultural Freedom and a friend of independent socialists such as Juan Bosch, Baciu spoke out against South American communism and criticized Fidel Castro. He eventually moved to the United States, as a professor at the University of Washington, and, from 1964, the University of Hawaii.He put out the international magazine Mele, which, although rudimentarily printed and little circulated, remains a noted source of information about avant-garde writers of the Romanian diaspora, from Andrei Codrescu to Dolfi Trost and Sesto Pals. <mask> was also a preeminent historian and anthologist of South and Central American surrealism, as well as a translator of Latin American literature into Romanian and German. Biography

Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Brașov, some months before the city became part of Greater Romania. His was a multicultural intellectual family. His father was the ethnic Romanian Ioan <mask>, a product of Austro-Hungarian schooling, was at the time a teacher of German at the Șaguna National College. He is remembered at the co-author of a pioneering introductory Romanian textbook for the benefit of Saxons and Hungarians. In 1930, he built for his family the "Yellow House" in Lunca Plăieșului residential property, which had recently been opened for settlement.The poet's mother, Elisabeta, was the daughter of the forestry engineer Arthur Sager; his maternal aunt, Lenuța König, was a corsetmaker for Queen Marie. Baciu's sister, Ioana Veronica, had a successful career in the theater. Through the Sagers, Ștefan and Ioana were of Jewish descent. Raised Romanian Orthodox, and still a practicing believer in the 1960s, Baciu considered himself a "cosmopolitan" one. Baciu was a precocious child. Bookish from an early age, despite being heavily myopic, he discovered Romanian and German poetic anthologies, including Kurt Pinthus' expressionistic chrestomathy, Menscheitsdämerung. In addition to German, he taught himself French, English, Spanish and Portuguese.A student of his father's Șaguna National College, where he earned top grades, he made friends with two of his teachers, writers Octav Șuluțiu and Emil Cioran. Șuluțiu would later refer to Baciu as one of the most characteristic poets of Transylvania region. Baciu made his editorial debut as a teenager, with German- and Romanian-language poems published in the local reviews Klingsor and Răboj. In September 1933, having been denied sponsorship of a literary magazine by Șaguna College, he set up his own, avant-garde sheet called Start. It was indebted to surrealist automatism and by André Gide's rebellious philosophy. Start functioned as a local satellite of I. Valerian's Viața Literară, which had appointed Baciu its official correspondent and publicity agent for the whole of Transylvania. Struggling with financial difficulties, Start did not survive beyond its second issue.Baciu moved on to publish other magazines, alongside Vintilă Horia, Mihai Beniuc, and Ovid Caledoniu: Stilet ("Stiletto"), then Meșterul Manole (named after the folk legend hero). Additionally, he was a contributor to literary magazines and newspapers across Romania, including Gând Românesc, Glasul Bucovinei, Rampa, and George Ivașcu's Manifest. At age seventeen, Baciu had his Poemele poetului tânăr ("Poems of the Young Poet") picked up in a "young poets' anthology", and put out by the official publishing company, Editura Fundațiilor Regale. He was presented with the company's own Young Writers Award and received the Romanian Writers' Society Poetry Prize. He followed up in 1936 with Poeme de dragoste ("Love Poems"), published by Familia of Oradea, and in 1937 with Micul dor ("A Tiny Longing"). Also that year, he was included in the anthology 13 poeți, with Horia, Caledoniu, Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu, Simion Stolnicu, Dumitru Gherghinescu-Vania and various others. Under fascism
Young Baciu was soon received into the cultural elite of Bucharest, befriending the likes of Păstorel Teodoreanu and Ion Minulescu.Alongside Caledoniu, George Petcu, Maria Banuș, Laurențiu Fulga and some others, <mask> was also drawn into the "White Nights Manifesto" circle, which sought to promote young literature. Also faced with financial troubles, and unsuccessful in its bid to receive state funding, the circle closed shop in 1938. Baciu had since enlisted at the University of Bucharest Faculty of Law, whence he graduated in 1941. His college years overlapped with the demise of Romanian democracy and several authoritarian experiments, the first of which was a National Renaissance Front dictatorship. By late 1938, Baciu had begun collaborating in the semi-official newspaper, Sfarmă-Piatră, published by the fascist sympathizer Nichifor Crainic. He had a literary history column, Cronici germane ("German Chronicles"), with which he aimed to popularize "that superb German Romanticism". He was in correspondence with a more senior poet, Emil Giurgiuca, offering to popularize Giurgiuca's work "in Sfarmă-Piatră or wherever".Also in 1938, Baciu collected his translations from Georg Trakl, which came out at Editura Frize in Iași. Having openly supported the Iron Guard as a radical fascist alternative to the establishment, Sfarmă-Piatră was also falling into disfavor with the National Renaissance Front regime. Early in 1939, following bloody clashes between the Front and the Guardists, Sfarmă-Piatră was outlawed. Baciu moved to the more mainstream Universul, becoming its editor and resuming Cronici germane in its literary supplement. He also held the literary criticism column, taking over from Ștefan Augustin Doinaș. During the early stages of World War II, Crainic gave Baciu the office of editorial secretary at Gândirea magazine, but sacked him upon finding out about his Social Democratic loyalties. According to communist sources, Baciu was himself an affiliate or sympathizer of the Iron Guard—a claim that has since been disputed; Baciu's PSDR membership and his mother's Jewishness disqualified him for such an enterprise.By his own account, Baciu was a malagambist, meaning that he followed the zoot-clad jazzman Sergiu Malagamba and had cosmopolitan, Americophile tastes. He did however befried the Guard's poet laureate, Radu Gyr, helping him publish in Gândirea even after the Guard's violent fall from grace in early 1941. Upon his graduation, Baciu became translator for the Institute of Statistics (under Sabin Manuilă), cultural adviser for the General Council of Bucharest, and publisher for the companies Gorjanul and Publicom. His poetic work was collected in the volumes Drumeț în anotimpuri ("A Traveler through Seasons", 1939), Căutătorul de comori ("The Treasure Hunter", 1939), Cetatea lui Bucur ("Bucur's Citadel", 1940), and Muzica sferelor ("Music of the Spheres", 1943). Attracted by the prospects of a good pay in the only thriving literary industry of the war years, he began contributing to the humorous press. He debuted in Virgil Slăvescu's Păcală, as "Grigore Cumpănașu", and later held columns in Veselia and Ion Anestin's Gluma. While at university, Baciu had met and fallen in love with Mira Simian (born 1920).The daughter of Dinu Simian, a National Peasants' Party politician from Vâlcea County, heir to a tanning and footwear-making empire, and his Polish wife, Mira attended the Bucharest Faculty of Letters, then worked as a pharmacist in Râmnicu Vâlcea. She married Baciu upon the war's end. PSDR journalist, diplomat, defector
The August 23, 1944 Coup unsealed Romania's alliance with Nazi Germany, and brought back democracy, but also signified the onset of Soviet occupation. Shortly after the legalization of political parties, <mask> became editor of the Social Democratic press organ Libertatea ("Liberty"). From October 1944 to December 1945, he edited his own illustrated satirical review, Humorul ("Humor"). Meanwhile, he also put out new selections from his poetry: Cântecul mulțimii ("Song of the Crowd"), with a preface by Ion Pas, came out at the PSDR party press in 1944; Caiet de vacanță ("Notebook for the Holidays") at Unirea of Râmnicu Vâlcea in 1945. His circle of acquaintances grew to include some members of the Bucharest surrealist circle, in particular Sesto Pals (who was Baciu's lifelong friend) and Dolfi Trost.With his party falling under the influence of Romanian Communists, Baciu remained close to the independent pro-Western wing, under Constantin Titel Petrescu. As he would note in 1992, Baciu had always been "an adept of democratic socialism". He referred to Petrescu as "the tocsin-sounder of the great perils that were knocking on our door, perils not just for the existence of social democracy, but also of Romania's very existence as a free democratic state". Baciu described with alarm the rapid communization of his writer friends, recording Beniuc's enthusiasm at seeing liberal demonstrators being repressed with machine guns. He also witnessed the desperation of his friend Gyr, who attempted suicide in Râmnicu Vâlcea. However, according to literary historian Mircea Popa, Baciu's Libertatea editorials were of that kind "that would later shame him": young Baciu ridiculed the prewar regime as an era of conformity and "nothingness", and even praised socialist realism. At the time, Communist Party politicians tempted him with offers to become Prefect or theater manager.<mask> was present at the PSDR Congress of March 10, 1946, which resulted in the party's electoral alliance with the Communists. His testimony describes Petrescu's anti-fusion speech as the point of view of a "good and courageous Romanian". <mask> further recalls: "I walked [Petrescu] back to his home alongside some hundreds of partisans". In October 1946, owing to his Social Democratic credentials, <mask> was appointed press officer of the Romanian Embassy in Bern. The ambassador was Șerban Voinea, a PSDR theoretician. Baciu conceived of this assignment as a safe haven from communism, but was still troubled about leaving Romania and his relatives. He brought up the issue in conversations with Petrescu, who advised him: "Forget [Mira's] pharmacy, choose freedom."His appointment became the object of disputes between Communist-controlled agencies and Foreign Affairs, which was still controlled by an ally, Gheorghe Tătărescu. As Baciu recalls, Tătărescu gave him and his wife tacit backing, without signing any papers, and discreetly handed them their diplomatic passports. On November 5, the Bacius crossed into Hungary semi-clandestinely, knowing that they risked being returned at the border. The Petru Groza government was only informed later of their arrival in Bern. Like Voinea, Baciu had open disagreements with his Bucharest superiors, complaining that his efforts to publicize Romanian literature in the Swiss "workers' press" were not being supported by the Romanian state. He wrote for the editorial section of Tribune de Genève, to dissuade Swiss fears about the stabilization of the Romanian leu. The communist authorities later accused him of purposefully withholding information, "thus giving reactionaries reason to minimize this important reform".In late 1947, just before the proclamation of a Romanian communist republic, Voinea resigned his posting. <mask>, who was recalled and assigned to a new post in Sofia, opted to

masks:
Ștefan Aurel Baciu
Baciu
Ștefan
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu
Baciu