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<mask> (22 August 1775 – 14 December 1810) was a French naturalist and explorer. <mask> was born in Cérilly, Allier, in 1775, the son of a tailor (not a harness maker as is frequently asserted). Although intended for the priesthood, due to the Revolution, <mask> reluctantly joined the 2nd Allier Volunteer Battalion in 1792 and helped defend besieged Landau. In the following year he was wounded and taken prisoner by Prussian forces near Hochspeyer in the Pfalzwald. Imprisoned in the fortress of Magdeburg he was not repatriated to France until 1794. Having lost the sight of an eye, <mask> was invalided out of the army. For two years he was Town Clerk in Cérilly before gaining a scholarship to study medicine in Paris.In 1800, after an unhappy love affair, he sought to join Nicolas Baudin's expedition to Australian waters as an anthropological observer. Instead he was appointed as a trainee zoologist. During the voyage, which charted significant stretches of the Australian coast between 1801 and 1803, <mask> clashed repeatedly with Baudin. When Stanislas Levillain and René Maugé died, <mask> rose to prominence as the sole remaining zoologist. (Baudin had already lost numerous officers, sailors, savants and artists who deserted in Mauritius.) With the aid of the artist Charles Alexandre Lesueur, <mask> was largely responsible for gathering some 100,000 zoological specimens—the most comprehensive Australian natural history collection to date. Although he died before he could fully study his specimens, <mask> made a major contribution to the foundations of the natural sciences in Australia and was a prescient ecological thinker.He was also a pioneer oceanographer who conducted important experiments on sea water temperatures at depth. As a Corresponding Member of the Société des observateurs de l'homme, <mask> wrote a great deal about the Tasmanian Aborigines of the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, on south-eastern Tasmania. Within 30 years almost all were dead through disease and war. The Australian historian Edward Duyker has shown that he has been unfairly accused of polygenism and racism, mainly because of a mistranslation of extracts from one of his scientific papers. Baudin died before he could return to France, and it was <mask> who began writing the official account of the expedition: Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes. In doing so, he committed a great injustice to his former commander's memory by magnifying his faults and frequently distorting the historical record. In the wake of the resumed fighting between France and Britain, <mask> also drafted a secret Mémoire sur les établissements anglais à la Nouvelle Hollande, which advocated a French conquest of Port Jackson with the aid of rebellious Irish convicts.Péron died of tuberculosis in his hometown of Cérilly in 1810. He was just thirty-five years old. The task of completing the official account of the expedition fell to Louis de Freycinet. Taxa named in honour of Péron
Several species of reptiles, amphibians and mammals were named in honour of Péron:

Litoria peronii (Tschudi, 1838) – Péron’s treefrog (Hylidae)
Limnodynastes peronii (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1841) – striped marsh frog (Limnodynastidae)
Carlia peronii (A.M.C. Duméril & Bibron, 1839) – Timor rainbow skink (Scincidae)
Hemiergis peronii (Gray, 1831)  - lowland earless skink (Scincidae)
Acalyptophis peronii (A.M.C. Duméril, 1853) – spiny seasnake (Elapidae)
Lissodelphis peronii (Lacépède, 1804) – southern right whale dolphin (Delphinidae)
Phyllorhiza peronlesueuri (Goy, 1990) – a jellyfish (Mastigiidae).The specific epithet also honors Charles Alexandre Lesueur of the Baudin expedition. Taxa described by Péron
In the 1807 first volume of Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, Péron described a number of frog species collected on his travels, but most are considered incertae sedis today i.e. Rana pollicifera and Rana pustulosa in Anura, Hyla ianopoda, Hyla nebulosa, Hyla ocellata and Hyla rubeola in Hylidae : Pelodryadinae, and Bufo leucogaster and Bufo proteus in Myobatrachidae. Hyla cyanea was synonymised with Litoria caerulea (White, 1790) - White's treefrog, but Hyla citripoda does survive as a valid species, Litoria citropa (Péron, 1807) - Blue Mountains treefrog. See also :Category:Taxa named by <mask>. Publications

—— Observations sur l’anthropologie, ou l’Histoire naturelle de l’homme, la nécessité de s’occuper de l’avancement de cette science, et l’importance de l’admission sur la Flotte du capitaine Baudin d’un ou de plusieurs Naturalistes, spécialement chargés des Recherches à faire sur cet objet, Stoupe, Paris, an VIII [1800]. —— Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, exécuté par ordre de sa Majesté, l’Empereur et Roi, sur les corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste et la goëlette le Casuarina, pendant les années 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804, L’Imprimerie Impériale, 3 vols and atlas, Paris, 1807–17; vol.i, Historique, 1807; vol. ii, Historique [completed by L. de Freycinet], 1816; vol. iii, Navigation et géographie [by L. de Freycinet], 1815; Atlas historique [by C. A. Leseur & N. Petit], 1817. —— A Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Hemisphere Performed by Order of the Emperor Napoleon, During the Years 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804, printed for Richard Phillips, Bridge Street, Blackfriars, by B. McMillan, Bow Street, Covent Garden, London, 1809. <mask>, F. [and de Freycinet, L.], Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, fait par ordre du gouvernement, sur les corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste et la goëlette le Casuarina, pendant les années 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804, 4 vols and atlas, Paris, 1824. —— Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Lands, by <mask>, continued by Louis de Freycinet, 2nd edn 1824: Book IV, Comprising Chapters XXII to XXXIV (trans. C. Cornell; introduction by Anthony J.Brown), Friends of the State Library of South Australia, Adelaide, 2003. —— Entdeckungs-Reise nach den Süd-Ländern ausgefürt auf Befehl Sr. Majestät des Kaisers und Königs, auf den Corvetten dem Geographen, dem Naturalisten und der Golette dem Casuarina, während der Jahre 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 und 1804 (trans. Ph. W. G. Hausleutner), J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, Tübingen, 2 vols, 1808–19. <mask>, F. A. [and de Freycinet. L.], Entdeckungsreise nach Australien unternommen auf Befehl Sr. Majestät des Kaisers von Frankreich und Königs von Italien mit den Korvetten der Geograph und der Naturalist, und der goelette Kasuarina in den Jahren 1800 bis 1804 (trans.T. F. Ehrmann), Verlage des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, 2 vols, 1808–19. <mask>, F., ‘Discours préliminaire d’un travail sur les Méduses’, Procès-verbaux des séances de l’Académie, Classe des Sciences physiques et mathématiques, tome iv, séances du 21 novembre 1808, 28 novembre 1808 et 19 décembre 1808, pp. 136, 140, 147. —— ‘Inventaire général de tous les objets relatifs à l’histoire de l’homme recueillis pendant le cours de l’expédition ou remis à M. <mask>, naturaliste zoologiste du Gouvernement dans cette expédition, et présentés par M. Geoffroy et lui à Sa Majesté l’Impératrice Joséphine le 9 prairial an XII [29 May 1804]’ in Copans, J. and Jamin, J. (eds), Aux origines de l’anthropologie française: Les Mémoires de la Société des Observateurs de l’Homme en l’an VIII, Le Sycomore, Paris, 1978, pp. 195–203. —— ‘Mémoire sur le nouveau genre Pyrosoma’, Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, tome 4, an XII (1804), pp.437–46, planche 72. —— ‘Mémoire sur les établissement anglais à la Nouvelle Hollande, à la Terre de Diemen et dans les archipels du grand océan Pacifique …‘, présentation, édition et notes de Roger Martin, transcription du manuscrit avec le concours de Jacqueline Bonnemains, préface de Joël Eymeret, Revue de l’Institut Napoléon, No. 176, 1998, I, pp. 1–187. —— ‘Mémoire sur quelques faits zoologiques applicables à la théorie du globe, lu à la Classe des Sciences physiques et mathématiques de l’Institut national (Séance du 30 vendémiaire an XIII)’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 59, 1804, pp. 463–80, planches i, ii.—— ‘Notice d’un mémoire sur les animaux observés pendant la traversée de Timor au Cap Sud de la Terre de Van Diemen’, Bulletin des sciences de la Société philomatique, no. xi, 8e année, tome iii, no. 95, pluviôse an 13 [December 1804–January 1805], pp. 269–70. —— ‘Notice sur quelques applications utiles des observations météorologiques à l’hygiène navale’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 67, 1808, pp. 29–43.—— ‘Observations sur la dyssenterie des pays chauds et sur l’usage du bétel’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 59, 1804, pp. 290–9. —— ‘Réponse de M. <mask>, naturaliste de l’expédition de découvertes aux Terres Australes aux observations critiques de M. Dumont sur le tablier des femmes Hottentotes’, Journal de physique, de chimie et d’histoire naturelle, tome lxi, 1805, pp. 210–17. —— ‘Sur la température de la mer soit à sa surface, soit à diverses profondeurs’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 5, an XIII (1804), pp. 123–48 [English translation: ‘Fragment from Peron, with notices from other voyagers, on the Temperature of the Sea, at great depths, far from Land’, American Journal of Science, vol.xvii, 1830, pp. 295–9]. <mask>, F. and Lesueur, C.-A., ‘Observations sur le tablier des femmes Hottentotes, avec une note sur l’expédition française aux Terres Australes, et une étude critique sur la stéatopygie et le tablier des femmes Boschimanes, par le Dr Raphaël Blanchard’, Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, vol. 8, 1883, pp. 15–33. —— ‘Des caractères génériques et spécifiques de toutes les espèces de Méduses connues jusqu’à ce jour’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809, pp. 325–66.—— ‘Histoire de la famille des Molluques Ptéropodes’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 57–69, 2 planches. —— ‘Histoire du genre Firole: Firola’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 76–82. —— ‘Histoire générale et particulière de tous les animaux qui composent la famillle des Méduses’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809, pp. 218–28. —— ‘La conservation des diverses espèces d’animation dans l’alcool’, Journal de physique de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol.71, octobre 1810, pp. 265–88. —— ‘Notice sur l’habitation des animaux marins’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 287–92. —— ‘Notice sur l’habitation des phoques’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 293–00. —— ‘Sur les Méduses du genre Equorée’, Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp.41–56. —— ‘Tableau des caractères génériques et spécifiques de toutes les espèces de Méduses connues jusqu’à ce jour’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809 [1810], pp. 325–66. See also
 Tasmanian Aborigines
 Truganini
 European and American voyages of scientific exploration

References

Further reading
 Edward Duyker, <mask>ron: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager, Miegunyah/MUP, Melb., 2006, pp. 349,  [winner Frank Broeze Maritime History Prize, 2007]. External links

Biography of <mask>
<mask>: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager

People from Allier
1775 births
1810 deaths
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
French naturalists
Explorers of Australia
Explorers of Western Australia
Shark Bay
19th-century French people
19th-century explorers
Tuberculosis deaths in France

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François Auguste Péron
Life Péron
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<mask> (November 7, 1874 – September 2, 1962) was an American scientist and United States Army officer, who worked on the development of the radar from the 1930s onward. He led the U.S. Army's Signal Corps Laboratories during its formative years and is often called the "Father of American Radar". Early life, education, and teaching
<mask> was born in Ireland in County Londonderry on November 7, 1874, and brought to the United States by his parents when he was nine years old. His family settled in Kansas, where <mask> graduated from Kansas State Normal School–now known as Emporia State University—in 1895. He was subsequently the principal of a high school in Pittsburg, Kansas for two years before moving on Oshkosh Normal School—now known as University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh—where he taught mathematics and physics from 1899 to 1902 and was the school's the head football coach for the 1901 season. He was awarded a Ph.D. in physics in 1906 from the University of Chicago, where he also served as an instructor. His doctoral dissertation involved experimental studies of microwave reflections, including those from non-metallic surfaces.Government and military career
After graduation from Chicago, <mask> took a position with the United States Weather Bureau as a specialist in atmospheric sciences. There he prepared a major report, "Meteorology and Aeronautics," for the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, predecessor of NASA) that was widely circulated as a basic handbook. The theoretical portions of the report were published in a research journal. When World War I began, physicist <mask> Millikan recommended <mask> to be commissioned as a major in the Aviation Section, U.S. Signal Corps reserves. <mask> was made the Chief Meteorologist for the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and sailed to France in September 1917. Upon arrival <mask> met with the British and French military weather services and established the exchange of weather information between the three. <mask> established his headquarters at the Colombey-les-Belles Aerodrome and prepared the way for the over 300 officers and men who served as meteorological troops overseas.Following the war, he remained in the Army as a meteorologist and participated in planning the first aerial circumnavigation in 1924. While attending the Command and General Staff College, he made a study of acoustical direction-finding for antiaircraft artillery, and soon realized that this could better be done using electromagnetic waves. In 1917, the Army established the Signal Corps Radio Laboratories at Camp Vail, in eastern New Jersey. After the war, this became Fort Vail, then in 1925, it was renamed Fort Monmouth. In 1926, <mask> was assigned as the Chief of Research and Engineering. Coupling capabilities in electronics and meteorology, in 1929 the Laboratory developed and launched the first radio-equipped weather balloon. Going into the 1930s, the Great Depression with declining economic conditions led the Signal Corps to consolidate their widespread laboratories to Fort Monmouth.On June 30, 1930, the consolidated operations became the Signal Corps Laboratories (SCL), with Colonel <mask> named the Director. In 1931, <mask> initiated Project 88, “Position Finding by Means of Light.” Here “light” was used in the general sense of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared and the very-short radio waves with line-of-sight transmission characteristics (microwaves). Some success was made with detection of thermal radiation from aircraft engines, but <mask> was soon convinced that detection could best be done using reflected microwave signals. After several years investigating microwave generating and receiving devices, followed by experiments in target detection using Doppler-beat interference methods, in 1935 <mask> reported the following:
To date the distances at which reflected signals can be detected with radio-optical equipment are not great enough to be of value. . . . Consideration is now being given to the scheme of projecting an interrupted sequence of trains of oscillations against the target and attempting to detect the echoes during the interstices between the projections. In 1936, a laboratory project in pulsed transmission and detection was started, and on December 14, the experimental apparatus detected an aircraft at 7 miles distance. Development then started on the Army's first system for Radio Position Finding (RPF) -- the name “radar” did not come into existence until 1940.<mask>'s health failed during 1938, and he retired before the system was completed. This system, eventually designated SCR-268, was intended to aim searchlights. In 1945, the Signal Corps applied, in <mask>'s name, for a patent titled "Object Locating System". This was based on the pulse-echo technique that was originally proposed by <mask> in 1935. Because of secrecy, however, he was not allowed to apply for a patent until after the end of World War II, and his application was challenged by Raytheon, RCA, the United States Navy, and several companies; U.S. Patent No. 2,803,819 was not granted until 1957. <mask> died five years later on September 2, 1962, in Fair Haven, New Jersey.Recognition
 2004 New Jersey Hall of Fame Inductee

Head coaching record

References

Additional sources
 Colton, <mask>.; “Radar in the United States Army,” Proc. IRE, vol. 33, p. 749, 1947. Davis, Harry M.; History of the Signal Corps Development of US Army Radar Equipment, Part II, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 1945. Maurer, Maurer; Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919-1939, University Press of the Pacific, 2004. <mask>, Wendy; Fort Monmouth, Arcadia Publishing, 2009. Terrett, Dulany; The Signal Corps: The Emergency (to December 1941), 4th ed., Government Printing Office, 2002.Vieweger A. L.; “Radar in the Signal Corps,” IRE Trans Mil. Elect., MIL-4, p. 555, Oct. 1960

External links

1874 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American physicists
United States Army personnel of World War I
Emporia State University alumni
Radar pioneers
United States Army officers
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh faculty
Wisconsin–Oshkosh Titans football coaches
Scientists from Kansas
Sportspeople from County Londonderry
Sportspeople from Kansas
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)

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<mask> (born 24 November 1974) is an English comedian, writer, director, actor and presenter. Alongside Ricky Gervais, he was the co-writer and co-director of the British TV comedy series The Office (2001–2003), and co-writer, co-director, and co-star of both Extras (2005–2007) and Life's Too Short (2011–2013). With Gervais and Karl Pilkington, he hosted The Ricky Gervais Show in its radio, podcast, audiobook, and television formats; the radio version won a bronze Sony Award. He also provided the voice of the robotic "Intelligence Dampening Core" Wheatley in the 2011 video game Portal 2. <mask> co-developed the Sky1 travel series An Idiot Abroad (2010–2012) and co-created Lip Sync Battle (2015–present). In 2021 he starred in, co-wrote, co-produced and co-directed the 6-part comedy crime series The Outlaws. <mask> has also performed as a stand-up comedian, which led to his writing and starring in the HBO series Hello Ladies (2013–2014), which was based on his stand-up material.He starred in his first play, Richard Bean's The Mentalists, at London's Wyndham's Theatre in 2015. He also appeared as the mutant Caliban in the superhero film Logan (2017), and as serial killer <mask> in the 2022 television drama Four Lives. He has received numerous accolades, including two Golden Globe Awards, three BAFTA Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and four British Comedy Awards. Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in the Hanham suburb of Bristol on 24 November 1974, the son of nursery nurse Jane Elaine (née Hibbs) and plumber and builder Ronald John <mask>. He attended Hanham Secondary School and later the University of Warwick in Coventry from 1993 to 1996, where he received a 2:1 for his BA in Film and Literature. He worked as a film reviewer on the student radio station Radio Warwick, where he began his broadcasting career. His group there included film critic James King.A number of tapes of The Steve Show have been rediscovered and distributed on various <mask> fan sites. Self-conscious about his  height, <mask> was inspired to get into comedy by the  John Cleese. In 2019, he claimed that he has never met Cleese, but that his parents had recently met Cleese on a cruise ship and asked him to sign a book for <mask>; they also recorded a voicemail message on the phone in their cabin, which consisted of Cleese saying, "Hello there Mr and Mrs <mask>, I'd be more than happy to sign your book. I was just wondering is your <mask> the same <mask> who collaborated with Ricky Gervais on The Office? Because I'm an enormous fan and please pass on my best regards." On hearing this, <mask> said, "I don't feel I need to meet him now. That's all I needed."Career

Early career
<mask> began his career performing stand-up comedy at Bristol's Comedy Box, where, he recalls, "The first week I did really well. The second week I died on my arse. I realised that stand-up was not that easy after all." He also appeared as a contestant on a 1997 episode of the TV game show Blockbusters and worked for a short time as a DJ for Radio Caroline. <mask> met Ricky Gervais for the first time in 1997, when Gervais (in the position Head of Speech at the London radio station XFM London), hired <mask> as his assistant. Gervais later said that he had called <mask> for an interview because it was the first CV handed to him. <mask> and Gervais hosted a Saturday afternoon radio show together from January through to August 1998, when both of them left XFM as it was bought by the Capital Radio Group.In the same year, <mask> was a finalist at the Daily Telegraph Open Mic Awards. <mask> worked for seven months at XFM 104.9. The Saturday show never had a large audience. Gervais says: "It's a tinpot radio station... It's not even the biggest radio station in the building." He created the features 'Hip Hop Hooray', 'Make Ricky Gervais Laugh' and 'Song for the Ladies'. After leaving XFM, <mask> began a production course at the BBC.As part of his coursework, he enlisted Gervais to perform in a 30-minute short film, "Seedy Boss", which became the earliest inspiration for their mock documentary The Office. They collaborated on a sitcom pilot called Golden Years featuring a manager suffering a mid-life crisis. It aired on Channel 4's Comedy Lab series in September 1998, but the show failed to find further success. The Office and return to XFM
In mid-2001, BBC Two aired the first series of The Office, co-written and co-directed by <mask> and Gervais and starring the latter as paper sales office manager David Brent; the show initially received low ratings. Beginning in September 2001, <mask> and Gervais returned to XFM as co-hosts of The Ricky Gervais Show, another Saturday afternoon programme, which led to their fruitful relationship with producer Karl Pilkington. They took a break from the radio show in mid-2002 in order to film the second series of The Office, which aired that year; in addition to writing and directing the show, <mask> made a cameo performance in the episode "Charity" as a friend of Gareth Keenan's character and known by the name Oggy or Oggmonster. (<mask>'s father also appears in multiple episodes as an office handyman named Gordon.)<mask> also directed a sitcom pilot called The Last Chancers, which aired on Comedy Lab in November 2002 and became a five-part series broadcast in December on E4. <mask> and Gervais continued to host The Ricky Gervais Show through 2003, taking another break to film the Office Christmas special, which aired that December. The radio show went off the air indefinitely in January 2004. During 2004, <mask> appeared in a recurring role as a chef on Garth Marenghi's Darkplace and in a cameo on Green Wing, and served as a script associate on the Chris Morris and Charlie Brooker sitcom Nathan Barley. The same year, The Office aired in the U.S. to critical acclaim. It went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy which both <mask> and Gervais accepted. This was followed in 2005 by a 4th series of the radio show, consisting of six episodes.U.S. series of The Office
In March 2005, the American version of The Office premiered, with <mask> and Gervais credited as executive producers. They would later co-write the third-season episode "The Convict", and <mask> would go on to direct the fifth-season episode "Customer Survey". Podcast series
In December 2005, with sponsorship by The Guardian, <mask>, Gervais and Pilkington began recording a weekly podcast (also called The Ricky Gervais Show). Throughout its first series (through 20 February 2006), the podcast was consistently ranked the most popular in the world, and was certified as the most-downloaded of all time by Guinness World Records. Two more series and three special installments (the "Podfather Trilogy") were recorded in 2006, with the final episode released on Christmas Eve. In late 2008, they recorded four more podcasts and began a series of audiobooks examining Pilkington's perspective on various subjects. Extras
In July 2005, following a brief return of the XFM radio show (filling in for Adam and Joe), Gervais and <mask>'s new sitcom Extras premiered on BBC Two.The series features <mask> in a supporting role as Darren Lamb, the incompetent agent to struggling actor Andy Millman, played by Gervais. Series 2 of Extras aired in late 2006, followed by a Christmas special in December 2007; all three instalments aired on HBO in the United States. <mask> won a 2006 British Comedy Award for Best TV Actor for his performance as Lamb. The Steve Show

In January 2007, <mask> began hosting his own radio show on BBC 6 Music, airing weekly on Sunday afternoons. Instead of comedy, The Steve Show focused on toast and music, particularly "new music", defined by <mask> as "music you've not heard before." Many of the songs on the show were suggested by listeners or co-presenters. The show also featured several of his friends, including his housemate, his childhood friend, as well as actor Rufus Gerrard-Wright (who also appeared in an episode of Extras).A spring search for a "she-J" resulted in the addition of former Byker Grove actor Sammy T. Dobson joining the ensemble. "The Steve Show" aired for four series and concluded in May 2009. Stand-up
<mask> began performing stand-up comedy in the late 1990s to critical success, though he decided to focus more on his work with writing partner Ricky Gervais after the success of The Office. <mask> returned to stand-up with a nationwide tour of the United Kingdom in September 2011, under the title Hello Ladies. The tour, which ended in New York, was later released on DVD. In late 2012, the tour continued in Australia and New Zealand. <mask> performed his first-ever stand-up tour of Scandinavia in October 2014, performing in 11 different cities as part of a European festival circuit.In an interview with Marc Maron, <mask> listed Eddie Izzard, Stewart Lee, Ross Noble and Jimmy Carr as stand up comedians he admires and John Cleese as his main comedic influence. Hello Ladies
Merchant's sitcom Hello Ladies premiered on 29 September 2013 on HBO, in which he played Stuart Pritchard, a website designer in Los Angeles who unsuccessfully chases beautiful women. It was adapted from his stand-up show of the same name. <mask>'s frequent partner Ricky Gervais was not involved in any part of the show which was instead written by <mask>, Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky. After its initial run of eight episodes, HBO did not renew the show for a second season but aired a special movie on 22 November 2014, that served as the series' last episode. Other work
<mask> has played small roles in the films Hot Fuzz (2007), Run Fatboy Run (2007), and The Invention of Lying (2009). He has a supporting role in the 2010 film Tooth Fairy.On television, <mask> made a cameo appearance in a non-speaking role on the sixth-season premiere of 24; he also starred as a sports commentator in the unaired pilot No Skillz. In 2009, <mask> and Gervais collaborated on the film Cemetery Junction, set in working-class England in the 1970s, which received mixed reviews on release in 2010. Later in 2010, Gervais and <mask> wrote, and had cameo roles in, Life's Too Short, a television show starring Warwick Davis. For television, <mask> and Gervais also produced An Idiot Abroad. In 2011, he lent his voice to the CGI film Gnomeo & Juliet and had a role in the Farrelly brothers' comedy Hall Pass. In 2013 he starred in I Give It a Year as the best man. On 18 October 2013, he hosted an episode of the panel show Have I Got News for You and was featured in Short Poppies.In 2014 he made an appearance in Modern Familys "Las Vegas" episode. In January 2011, <mask> appeared alongside many other comedians at the 'Free Fringe Benefit' at the Bloomsbury Theatre, London, in a show of stand-up to benefit the Free Fringe at the Edinburgh Comedy Festival. <mask> is the voice of Wheatley in Valve's 2011 video game Portal 2, a role which earned him widespread acclaim among reviewers. He has stated that while the project was "exhausting", he is also "very pleased by the response people have had to it. What I was really pleased by how people seemed to respond to it in the way they do with a movie they've enjoyed, or a TV show they've enjoyed." In 2013, he reprised this role as the voice of the Ap-Sap in Team Fortress 2, a weapon based on the Wheatley core. <mask> has provided the voice-over since 2009 of advertisements for Barclays and Waterstones.In 2014, he starred in two commercials for Newcastle Brown Ale and for the Cadillac 2015 ATS Coupe. He is an executive producer for the Spike show Lip Sync Battle and in July 2015, <mask> opened his first play, The Mentalists by Richard Bean alongside Steffan Rhodri in London's West End. He appeared in three episodes of The Big Bang Theory as Dave Gibbs, a guy Amy dates after she breaks up with Sheldon. He has portrayed George Washington and Abraham Lincoln on the Comedy Central series Drunk History. Through the show's first four seasons, <mask> is the only actor to play the same historical figure (Lincoln) twice. He hosted a special celebrity edition of the cult UK game show The Crystal Maze, on Channel 4 on 16 October 2016, in aid of the network's Stand Up to Cancer campaign in partnership with Cancer Research UK. In 2017, <mask> played Caliban in The Wolverine sequel Logan.<mask>, along with John Krasinski and Allyson Seeger, are executive producers of Dream Corp, LLC, an animated series created by Daniel Stessen on Adult Swim. The series was announced as a pilot in May 2014, and a full season was approved in November 2015. Jon Gries of Lost fame will portray a principal character. On 31 March 2018, <mask> was a star guest announcer on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway. On Christmas Eve 2018, <mask> appeared with Asim Chaudhry in odd-couple Christmas road-trip comedy Click & Collect on BBC One. <mask> also appeared as Nazi Gestapo leader Captain Deertz in director Taika Waititi's Oscar-winning Jojo Rabbit. In 2019, <mask> wrote and directed Fighting with My Family, a biographical sports comedy-drama film, based on the 2012 documentary The Wrestlers: Fighting with My Family by Max Fisher.The film depicts the career of English professional wrestler Paige as she makes her way up WWE, and starred Florence Pugh and Jack Lowden, as well as Dwayne Johnson (who also served as a co-producer). Fighting with My Family grossed $41.5 million worldwide against a budget of $11 million. In 2021, <mask> starred in The Outlaws, a 6-part comedy drama set in Bristol, which he also co-wrote, co-produced and co-directed. <mask> portrayed serial killer <mask> in the BBC drama Four Lives. Personal life
<mask> lives in a home previously owned by Ellen DeGeneres in the Nichols Canyon area of Los Angeles, and owns a second home in London. He lives with his partner, American actress Mircea Monroe, with whom he was first linked in 2017. Known for his  height and lanky frame, <mask> once had his dance moves likened by Ricky Gervais to an "upright lizard being given electroshock treatment".Gervais also described him as a "stick insect with glasses" or Beaker from The Muppet Show. Karl Pilkington has described <mask>'s dancing as a "bit of weird art" but has since "got used to him", while Russell Brand likened him to a "graceful grasshopper". <mask> has commented that he prefers to liken himself to footballer Peter Crouch, who is also  tall; he impersonated Crouch in a BBC sketch broadcast as part of the pre-match build-up to England's opening game at the 2006 World Cup. Before the 2010 general election, <mask> was one of 48 celebrities who signed a letter warning against Conservative Party policy towards the BBC. On 22 December 2019, <mask> was the guest for an episode of BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. His book choice was Roger's Profanisaurus by Roger Mellie from Viz, his luxury item was a piano, and his chosen record was "Thunder Road" by Bruce Springsteen. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Awards

References

External links

Interviewed on BBC Radio Five Live
Xfm: Biography
Tall man, taller success story – interview in The Telegraph – 8 August 2005
 Interview with Barbara Ellen in The Observer Magazine – 5 November 2006
An Englishman abroad
<mask> interview
<mask> interviewed by Sophie Elmhirst on New Statesman.1974 births
Living people
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English comedians
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of the University of Warwick
Audiobook narrators
BAFTA winners (people)
British men podcasters
British male comedy actors
British male television writers
Emmy Award winners
English comedy writers
English expatriates in the United States
English male television actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English podcasters
English radio DJs
English stand-up comedians
English television directors
English television producers
English television writers
Male actors from Bristol
Showrunners
Writers Guild of America Award winners

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<mask>, also known as M<mask>, and <mask> (; born 17 November 1967) is an American religious and political commentator and medical doctor specializing in internal medicine and nuclear cardiology in Phoenix, Arizona. <mask> is a former lieutenant commander in the  United States Navy, where he served as staff internist in the Office of the Attending Physician of the United States Congress. In 2003, with a group of American Muslims, Jasser founded the American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) based in Phoenix, Arizona, and in 2004 he was one of the founders of the Center for Islamic Pluralism. He is also a contributor to national and international media, where he has advocated separation of mosque and state and spoken against the ideology of "political Islam" or Islamism. He has been a frequent guest on conservative outlets like Fox News Channel, Newsmax TV and TheBlaze Media. He has also appeared on CNN, MSNBC and CBS a couple of times and contributed articles to nationally read newspapers such as the Arizona Republic, The Dallas Morning News, The New York Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Times. In March 2012, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) appointed <mask> to serve a two-year term on the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.Biography
Born on November 17, 1967 in Dayton, Ohio, <mask> is the son of Syrians who immigrated to the United States in the 1960s, owing to repression in their homeland. His grandfather, <mask> <mask>, who owned a vegetable oil company in Syria was a devout Muslim with an admiration of the West. His father, Mohamed Kais <mask>, is a cardiologist who studied medicine at the University of London and Syria in the early 1960s, he was an active critic through his newspaper columns, which led to his migration with his pharmacist wife in 1963 from Beirut, Lebanon to the United States. <mask> was raised in Appleton, Wisconsin, until the age of 6. The family then moved to Neenah, Wisconsin, where he was raised in the Sunni branch of Islam. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, earning his bachelor of science in 1988; then he attended the Medical College of Wisconsin on a U.S. Navy scholarship, receiving his M.D. in 1992.He served in the Navy for 11 years, receiving the Meritorious Service Medal and attaining the rank of lieutenant commander by the time of his honorable discharge in 1999. His tours of duty included staff internist for the U.S. Congress, medical department head aboard the USS El Paso, and chief resident at Bethesda Naval Hospital. He moved to Arizona after his discharge from the Navy, taking over part of his father's medical practice. Jasser frequently writes and talks about the issue of political Islam. James Woolsey former head of the CIA and Seth Liebsohn, author and radio show host describe him as "the kind of man our government should listen to." Jasser utilizes his commentating, speaking engagements, and media appearances "to press Muslim leaders to aggressively oppose a 'culture of separatism.'" On March 10, 2011, <mask> appeared as a witness at the first in a series of hearings conducted by the United States House Committee on Homeland Security on "The Extent of Radicalization in the American Muslim Community and the Community's Response."<mask>'s testimony focused on how the polarization of American views of the Muslim community are an obstacle to reform within the faith. During his testimony he said that American Muslim organizations had been "circling the wagons" and have too frequently cautioned Muslims against speaking to law enforcement without a lawyer present. He also said that political Islam was based on the idea that the government should be run under Islamic law, which he said violated the American concept of separation of church and state. On June 24, 2011, Jasser appeared before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution to testify in favor of H.R. 963, the "See Something, Say Something" Act. <mask>'s medical practice is in Phoenix, Arizona, and he resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, with his wife and three children, who are being raised as Muslims. Views on Islam
<mask> describes himself as a devout Muslim who believes that "America in fact provides the best atmosphere for Muslims to practice our faith."He does not claim to be a formal expert in Koranic Arabic, or in sharia (Islamic jurisprudence), but he "see[s] Islam (consistent with 'Ijtihad,' the tradition of critical interpretation of Islamic scripture) as applicable in the modern world and subject to logic and reason." Jasser began criticizing American Muslim organizations including the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the Islamic Society of North America, the North American Imams Federation, the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America, Muslim Students' Association, the Muslim Public Affairs Council, the Muslim American Society, the Islamic Circle of North America, and the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy, because he sees them as Islamist, meaning they support a mixing of Islam and politics. He has been especially critical of CAIR, a Muslim American civil rights group that, according to Jasser, is focused  on "victimology" and does not adequately condemn the goals of the terrorist groups. A CAIR official has responded, "[W]ith these people, nothing we would do would satisfy them" and going so far as to claim that <mask> is "a mere sock puppet for Islam haters." Jasser has also engaged in interfaith activities, serving on the board of the Arizona Interfaith Movement; helping to found an Arizona-based organization called The Children of Abraham, a Jewish-Muslim dialogue group in 2000, and a chapter of Seeds of Peace in 2003. Jasser has said that he and his family have helped build a number of small mosques in different cities using locally raised funds, and at times encountering, but always overcoming local opposition. In 2010 Jasser strongly opposed the building of the Park51 project, a 13-story Islamic community center and mosque two blocks from the World Trade Center site, which is also known as Ground Zero.He said he was concerned that the funding of the $100 million project might be coming from foreign Islamist sources, and also said: "Ground Zero is purely about being American. It can never be about being Muslim." Jasser believes acts of Islamic terrorism are rooted in the ideology of political Islam or Islamism. He has expressed the opinion that the 2009 Christmas Day attempted airplane bombing, the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, and the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt have not prodded the United States into the appropriate action, but rather have resulted in politically correct denial by U.S. government authorities, and inaction by most American Muslims. He believes that even the Bush administration took inadequate measures against Islamism in America. He says the U.S. needs to provide alternatives for Muslim youth and promote reformist groups. In his television appearances, Jasser has claimed that 3 to 5 percent of U.S. Muslims are militant and 30 to 40 percent do not believe in separation of mosque and state.He also states that he believes many Western Muslim imams are too timid in their response to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seemingly both criticizing but also sympathizing with its goal of a caliphate stating "Clearly, the majority of the mosques in the United States are led by imams who are Islamists — who believe that in Muslim-majority countries that the state should be identified as an Islamic state." Views on Israel

<mask>er and a group of American Muslims founded the nonprofit American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) in 2003 with the goal of demonstrating the compatibility of Islam with democracy and American values. <mask> is the group's president and chief spokesman. The AIFD supports separation of religion and state, religious pluralism, equality of the sexes, the unconditional recognition of Israel, and the creation of an independent Palestine "on the current 'occupied territories.'" The organization rejects terrorism and any justification for it. Documentaries
<mask> has contributed to four documentaries.He appeared in the PBS film Islam v Islamists: Voices from the Muslim Center, which PBS suppressed after pressure from Muslim organizations. He was the main narrator in the Clarion Fund film, The Third Jihad, which opens with Jasser stating, "This is not a film about Islam. It is about the threat of radical Islam. Only a small percentage of the world's 1.3 billion Muslims are radical. This film is about them." Third Jihad'''s promotional materials state that "radical Islamists driven by a religiously motivated rejection of western values cultures and religion are engaging in a multifaceted strategy to overcome the western world." The film stirred controversy, with the New Republic stating the producer of the film has ties to the Israeli settlement movement.Although Jasser has said he does not agree with everything in the film, he supports the overall message. Jasser also appeared in the 2010 Newt Gingrich film, America At Risk: The War With No Name, a production of Citizens United. The film's promotional materials state that "we are long overdue for a serious global strategy in fighting terrorism and the ideology behind it. We must have the courage to tell the truth and to act on that truth." It has been described as "anti-Obama" by The Nation. <mask> also appeared in the Fox News documentary Fox Reporting: A Question of Honor, which examines the killing of Noor Al-Maleki in Peoria, Arizona, by her father, Falah Al-Maleki, and his subsequent trial. Reception
According to the Washington Post, "In some ways, <mask> Jasser doesn't match the profile of the typical Muslim American.He's an active Republican who has supported the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, is an advocate for Israel and says his faith harbors 'an insidious supremacism.'" According to the progressive magazine Mother Jones, "Jasser has lately become the right's go-to guy when it comes to providing cover for policies or positions that many Muslim Americans contend are discriminatory. When controversy over the so-called Ground Zero mosque erupted, Jasser, a frequent guest on Fox News, accused the builders of trying to 'diminish what happened' on September 11, 2001. He has supported statewide bans on Shariah law in American courts and has helped bolster conservative warnings that American Muslims seek to replace the Constitution with a harsh interpretation of Islamic law. Many American Muslim groups, meanwhile, view Jasser as a reliable apologist for Republicans and anti-Muslim figures—one with little grassroots support in the American Muslim community." Jasser has frequently been in conflict with a number of Muslim advocacy organizations, such as the Council on American-Islamic Relations, Islamic Society of North America,  Muslim Public Affairs Council, and Islamic Circle of North America, claiming that they are Islamist, are focused on "victimology" and do not adequately condemn the goals of terrorist groups. These organizations in turn protested his March 2012 appointment to the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.The editorial board of The Arizona Republic'' responded to these protests by describing them as "ad hominem attacks that are made up out of whole cloth, falsely accusing him and Muslim members of his American Islamic Forum for Democracy of being non-practicing Muslims, at best, and Islam-haters at worst." The Republic editorial board further stated that "[Jasser's] presence there affirms exactly what his strident opponents fear most—that there indeed is a diversity of voices, of points of view, among Muslims." An article in the media watchdog group Media Matters for America criticized Jasser's alleged lack of credentials and his "right-wing rhetoric." The right wing political commentator Debbie Schlussel has called him a "fraud" on her blog, and accused Jasser of secretly holding radical views. Professional activities, honors, and awards
Jasser practices internal medicine and nuclear cardiology in Phoenix. He has been on the Maricopa County board of health since 2005. He is a member of the Clarion Fund's advisory board, a New York–based nonprofit organization that produces and distributes documentaries on the threats of Radical Islam.In 2011 the group released the film Iranium that explores the Iranian nuclear program as it pertains to threats against the West, and Islamic fundamentalism in Iran. In 2007 he formed a statewide Disaster Preparedness Task Force for physicians. He chairs a bioethics committee and teaches nuclear cardiology in Phoenix. He was honored in October 2007 by Center for Security Policy as a "Defender of the Home Front" for his anti-Islamist activism. In January 2008 he was presented with the 2007 Director's Community Leadership Award by the Phoenix office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. See also
 Asra Nomani
 Tarek Fatah
 Qanta Ahmed
 Raheel Raza

References

External links

1967 births
Living people
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American physicians
20th-century Muslims
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American physicians
21st-century Muslims
American foreign policy writers
American male journalists
American people of Syrian descent
American political commentators
American political journalists
American political writers
American Sunni Muslims
Arab supporters of Israel
Arizona Republicans
Critics of Islamism
The Dallas Morning News people
Islam in Arizona
Journalists from Arizona
Journalists from Wisconsin
Medical College of Wisconsin alumni
Muslim reformers
Muslim writers
Muslim supporters of Israel
American opinion journalists
People from Appleton, Wisconsin
People from Neenah, Wisconsin
People from Scottsdale, Arizona
United States Navy officers
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni
The Wall Street Journal people
The Washington Times people
Writers from Arizona
Writers from Wisconsin
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Medal (United States)
Military personnel from Wisconsin

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<mask> (8 January 1891 – 30 September 1986) was an English journalist and author, known for her novels and reviews and for her work as President of English PEN between 1938 and 1944. Life and career
<mask> was born in Whitby, Yorkshire, in 1891, the eldest child of sea captain and former shipbuilder <mask> and his wife Hannah Margaret Galilee, from a family of wealthy Whitby shipbuilders; she briefly attended school at the Scarborough Municipal, before studying at the University of Leeds. Graduating first in her year, she won a scholarship to King's College, London King's College London in 1914. It was during this time that she began seriously to write, producing her first novel The Pot Boils in 1919. Her dissertation on 'Modern Drama in Europe' was also published in 1920 to significant critical acclaim. It expressed, for the first time, her interest in European literature and her sense of its impact on Britain. She went on to write 48 novels, three autobiographies, several screenplays and a wealth of journalistic articles for national and international publications.<mask> was President of the English branch of PEN International from 1938 until ill-health forced her to retire in 1944. She remained an active member and PEN International Vice President until her death in 1986. During her time as President she founded the PEN Refugee Writers Fund, which helped hundreds of refugee writers and their families to flee occupied Europe during World War Two. She also worked to try to bridge gaps within PEN during the Cold War, working to keep Communist states within the organisation in order to allow PEN to protect writers rights in countries where many were being challenged and even killed. Additionally, she was a founding
member of the Peace Pledge Union. although she recanted her views in the mid-1930s believing that war was the only way forward to what she hoped would be a fairer and more equal Europe. <mask> became active in politics at University and remained a committed socialist throughout her life, but her distrust of "groupthink" and passion for the rights of free expression and the liberty of the individual prevented her from following any of the political creeds that were in vogue at the time: <mask> was never a communist, a fascist or, really, a pacifist.<mask>'s collection of novellas, Women Against Men, was admired by The Times reviewer, Harold Strauss, who stated, "So completely is she the master of her art, so instinctively the craftsman, so superlatively the selective artist, that a restrained evaluation of her work is difficult for a student of the novel." <mask> wrote the introduction to the 1952 British edition of The Diary of Anne Frank. <mask>'s novel Last Score was praised by Ben Ray Redman in the Saturday Review of Literature. Redman described Last Score as "one of <mask>'s best" and stated "it is the complex web of human relationships that give this novel its breadth and depth". While her work was highly praised in her lifetime and she was a well-known figure, working at PEN with H.G. Wells, E.M. Forster, Rebecca West, and countless others, <mask>'s work and achievements were largely forgotten by critics and readers alike. Her reputation and her work has been significant recovered in recent years, thanks to the work of female scholars like Jennifer Birkett, Phyllis Lassner, Chiara Briganti and Elizabeth Maslen.A biography by Jennifer Birkett, professor of French Studies at Birmingham University, was published by the Oxford University Press in March 2009. A second biography, Elizabeth Maslen's Life in the Writings of Storm Jameson: A Biography, was published in 2014 by Northwestern University Press. A critical study by Katherine Cooper, War, Nation and Europe in the Novels of <mask> Jameson was published by Bloomsbury Academic in 2020. The rebuilt Charles Morris Halls of the University of Leeds now have a building named after her, Storm Jameson Court. Katherine Cooper, War, Nation and Europe in the Novels of Storm Jameson (London: Bloomsbury, 2020)
 Elizabeth Maslen, Life in the Writings of Storm Jameson (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2014). References

External links

1891 births
1986 deaths
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Alumni of King's College London
English science fiction writers
English socialists
English anti-fascists
People from Whitby
20th-century English novelists

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<mask> (born August 18, 1952 in Adria, Italy) is a priest of the Catholic Church and an Italian theologian. Biography
<mask> was born in Adria in 1952. Since high school, he has been a member of the ecclesial Communion and Liberation movement and was one of its initiators in Veneto. <mask> completed a degree in philosophy at the University of Padua in 1975, and then entered the seminary of the diocese of Adria. He was ordained a priest on June 21, 1980. In 1982 he obtained a Licentiate in Moral Theology (STL) from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and in October 1985 a Doctorate in Theology (STD) from the Pontifical Lateran University with the dissertation Ratio practica, scientia moralis e prudentia. Linee di riflessione sul Commento di San Tommaso all'Etica Nicomachea written under the direction of Professor Carlo Caffarra.From October 1984 to October 1991 he worked as an assistant of studies at the Doctrinal Session of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, under the direction of then Card. Joseph Ratzinger. In 1991 he became a tenured professor of Fundamental Moral Theology at the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. In 1997 he started The International Research Group on Moral Theology (Area Internazionale di Ricerca in Teologia Morale) and has been directing it since then. In 2002 he became Vice President of the Central Session of the Institute. In 2006 Benedict XVI nominated <mask> as President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family, where he is also a tenured Professor of moral theology, and in 2010 renewed the nomination. <mask> is a Visiting Professor in Washington DC (United States of America) and Melbourne (Australia).He has given lectures and conferences in France, Spain, Great Britain, Switzerland, India, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. Since 2007 he has been an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology. He was Scientific Director of the review Anthropotes, a member of the consultant committee of the international review Communio, and cooperates with other  international reviews such as The Thomist, La scuola cattolica, Medicina e morale, La società, Il nuovo aeropago, Logos. He is also a corresponding member of the Académie d'Education et d'Etudes Sociales in Paris. <mask>, who received the honorary title of Monsignor from John Paul II, is considered, in Catholic circles, to be one of the greatest exponents of moral theology and bioethics. On August 17, 2016, it was announced that <mask> had stepped down as President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. Works
In addition to numerous articles, he has written, co-authored, and edited numerous books, including:

 La conoscenza morale.Linee di riflessione sul Commento di san Tommaso all'Etica Nicomachea, Città Nuova, Roma, 1987, . Morale: tra crisi e rinnovamento. Gli assoluti morali, l'opzione fondamentale, la formazione della coscienza, Ares, Milano, 1993, , translated in French, 1995, Spanish, 1996 and 1998. Corso di bioetica. Il Vangelo della vita, Piemme, Casale Monferrato, 1996, . Amor conjugal y vocación a la santidad, Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, 1997  (with Jean Lafitte), translated in French, 2001, Italian, 2006. Domanda sul bene e domanda su Dio, Lateran University Press - Mursia, Roma, 1999,  (with José Noriega)
 Quale dimora per l'agire?Dimensioni ecclesiologiche della morale, Pontificia Università Lateranense, Roma, 2000,  (with Angelo Scola and P.Zanor). La plenitud del obrar cristiano: dinámica de la acción y perspectiva teológica de la moral, Palabra, Madrid, 2001  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba and José Noriega). Sharing in Christ's Virtues. For a Renewal of Moral Theology in Light of Veritatis Splendor, The Catholic University of America Press, Washington D.C., 2001 , translated in Spanish, 2005. Cristo e il dinamismo dell'agire, Linee di rinnovamento della teologia morale fondamentale, Lateran University Press - Mursia, Roma, 2001, . Verità e libertà nella teologia morale, Pontificia Università Lateranense, Roma, 2001,  (with J.Larrú). AA.VV., L'agire morale del cristiano, vol.XX di AMATECA - Manuali di Teologia Cattolica, Jaka Book, Milano, 2002, , translated in Spanish, 2002. Il bene e la persona nell'agire, Lateran University Press, Roma, 2002,  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba). La sequela Christi. Dimensione morale e spirituale dell'esperienza cristiana, Lateran University Press, Roma, 2003,  (with O. Bonnewjin). Camminare nella Luce. Prospettive della teologia morale a partire da 'Veritatis splendor''', Lateran University Press, Roma, 2004,   (with José Noriega). Amore e giustizia.Limiti alla responsabilità?, Lateran University Press, Roma, 2005,  (with D.Granada)
 Per una cultura della famiglia: il linguaggio dell'amore, Marcianum Press, Venezia, 2006,
 Amore coniugale e vocazione alla santità, Effatà Editrice, Cantalupa (TO), 2006,  (with J.Lafitte)
 AA.VV., Lo splendore della vita. Vangelo, scienza ed etica. Prospettive della bioetica a dieci anni da 'Evangelium Vitae', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2006,  (edited by <mask> <mask>, Elio Sgreccia and Stephan Kampowski)
 Una luz para el obrar. Experiencia moral, caridad y acción cristiana, Palabra, Madrid, 2006,  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba e José Noriega). La via dell'amore. Riflessioni sull'Enciclica 'Deus caritas est' di Benedetto XVI, RAI-ERI, Roma, 2006,  (with Carl A. Anderson). AA.VV., Amare l'amore umano.L'eredità di Giovanni Paolo II sul matrimonio e la famiglia, Cantagalli, Siena, 2007,  (edited by <mask> <mask> and Stanislaw Grygiel). Camminare nella luce dell'amore. I fondamenti della morale cristiana. Manuale di teologia cattolica, Cantagalli, Siena, 2008, ; Spanish edition, Palabra, Madrid, 2007,  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba and José Noriega). Azione: epifania dell'amore. La morale cristiana oltre il moralismo e l'antimoralismo, Cantagalli, Siena, 2008, . Imparare ad amare.Alla scuola di Giovanni Paolo II e di Benedetto XVI, Cantagalli, Siena, 2009, . Liebe auf katholisch. Ein Handbuch für heute, Sankt Ulrich  Verlag, Augsburg, 2009,
 The Epiphany of Love: Toward a Theological Understanding of Christian Action, Ressourcement series, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 2010. Building a Culture of the Family: The Language of Love, Foreword by Scott Hahn, St. Pauls – Alba House, New York City, 201, . Learning to Love: in the School of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, Connorcourt, Ballan 2011. Come insegnare Teologia Morale?Prospettive di rinnovamento nelle recenti proposte di esposizione sistematica, Cantagalli, Siena 2009 (ed. by <mask> <mask> e Stephan Kampowski). Il criterio della natura e il futuro della famiglia, Cantagalli, Siena 2011(edited by <mask> <mask>). Una via sempre attuale: l’intuizione sorgiva del pontificato del Beato Giovanni Paolo II, Atti del Congresso “Verso Cristo”. A 30 anni da Redemptor hominis. Attualità di una via all’uomo, “Anthropotes”, XXVII (1/2011) Cantagalli, Siena 2011 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Carl Anderson). Famiglia e nuova evangelizzazione: la chiave dell’annuncio, Cantagalli, Siena 2012.(edited by <mask> <mask> e José Granados). La soggettività morale del corpo (VS 48)",  Cantagalli, Siena 2012 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Juan José Pérez-Soba). Amare nella differenza. Le forme della sessualità e il pensiero cattolico: studio interdisciplinare, Cantagalli- Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Siena - Città del Vaticano 2012 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Sergio Belardinelli); Spanish translation: BAC, Madrid 2013. La roccia e la casa. Socialità, bene comune e famiglia, San Paolo Edizioni, 2013. I primi anni del matrimonio.La sfida pastorale di un periodo bello e difficile (edited by L. <mask>),  Cantagalli, Siena 2014. References

External links
 Biography on Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family web site. Amare l'amore umano. L'eredità di Wojtyla, Tracce, n°6, 2006

1952 births
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
Living people
21st-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians

masks:
Livio Melina
Livio Melina
Melina
Melina
Melina
Melina
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Livio
Melina
Melina


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<mask> (January 5, 1822 – April 13, 1894) was a prominent South Carolina planter and slaveholder. He was also a lawyer, judge, and a Confederate general in the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born on January 5, 1822, at his family's plantation in Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina. Admitted to the bar in 1843, he married Lucretia Ann Douglas in Camden in 1844, and was a member of the South Carolina Senate in 1852–1856. <mask> saw battle during the Mexican–American War, but fell deathly ill and was given leave to return home. Civil War
At the start of the Civil War, <mask> commanded the 2nd South Carolina Infantry Regiment. He was present at Morris Island in April 1861 during the Battle of Fort Sumter, and then in July 1861 at the First Battle of Manassas in Virginia as part of Brig.Gen. Milledge <mask>'s brigade. During the battle, <mask>'s regiment along with the 8th South Carolina was detached from <mask>ham and sent to help drive back the Union assault on Henry House Hill. Afterwards, <mask> gained the ire of Confederate general P.G.T<mask> by failing to file a proper report of the battle and instead writing a lengthy article in a Charleston newspaper which gave the impression that he and the 2nd South Carolina singlehandedly defeated the Union army. <mask>, who had difficult professional relationships with many military and political officials, called him "that militia idiot". The disparaging remarks of <mask> toward him and other officers were duly noted. The capable and competent <mask> had filed a military report of the battle, while the purpose of the newspaper article was to aid recruitment of South Carolina soldiers by showing how a single man, company or brigade could make a significant difference and lead the way to Confederate victory.Due in part to his military success, <mask> was transferred to the West in the fall. In December, when Milledge <mask> resigned his commission to take a seat in the Confederate Congress, <mask> was honored with command of <mask>'s former brigade. He was commissioned brigadier general on 13 February 1862 and commanded a brigade in <mask>. Johnston's Army of Northern Virginia during the Peninsula Campaign, at the close of which he continued with Lee and took part in the Northern Virginia Campaign and Maryland Campaign. During the Battle of Fredericksburg, on December 13, 1862, he commanded his South Carolina Brigade and was stationed behind Ransom's North Carolina Brigade and Cobb's Georgia brigade on Marye's Heights, and helped repulse several attacks made by the Union Army. The following year he was engaged in the Battle of Gettysburg and then was transferred with Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's corps to the West, where he took part in the charge that destroyed the Federal right wing at Chickamauga. After the relief of McLaws following the battle of Knoxville <mask> was given the command of the division and promoted to major general on 2 June 1864. When Longstreet returned to Virginia, he commanded a division in the battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor, and was engaged in the Shenandoah campaign of 1864 against Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan.After the evacuation of Richmond, his troops formed part of Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell's corps, which was captured on 6 April 1865 at the Battle of Sayler's Creek. Postbellum career
At the close of the war he returned to South Carolina and in 1865 was chosen president of the State Senate. He was judge of the Circuit Court from 1877 to 1893, when he stepped down for health reasons. In 1894, he was appointed postmaster of Camden, an office that he held until his death in the same year. <mask><mask> was also Grand Master of the Freemasons of South Carolina. He died in Camden and is buried there in the Quaker Cemetery. Ancestry

Children
<mask> <mask> (5 January 1822 Camden – 13 April 1894 Camden) married in 1844 in Camden to Lucretia Ann Douglas (27 August 1825 Camden, Kershaw County, South Carolina, USA - 28 April 1902 Camden), youngest of the four surviving daughters of the esteemed James Kennedy Douglas (23 October 1780 Minnigaff, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland - 13 November 1860 Camden) by his wife Mary Lucretia Martin (21 February 1785 - 29 March 1852 Camden).James, son of William Douglas and his wife Sarah Kennedy, had emigrated in 1800/1804 to join John Kirkpatrick, an established merchant in Charleston, South Carolina. <mask> and Lucretia's children included:
Rev. <mask> (3 January 1847 Camden - 6 April 1921 North Augusta, Aiken County, South Carolina), married Susan B. DeSaussure (8 June 1847 Charleston, Charleston County, South Carolina - 26 December 1924 Charleston) and had issue;
Mary Martin <mask> (23 April 1848 Camden - 14 April 1934 Charlotte, Mecklenburg County, North Carolina), married Charles John Shannon (1846–1933) and had issue;
<mask> <mask> (14 October 1850 Camden - 5 May 1930 Columbia, Richland County, South Carolina), married Thomas Whitmill Lang (10 January 1848 Dallas County, Alabama - 9 September 1915 Columbia) without surviving issue;
Charlotte Douglas <mask> (17 April 1851 Camden - 8 March 1923 Camden), never married, no issue;
<mask> <mask> (8 April 1867 Camden - 10 September 1938 Pawleys Island, Georgetown County, South Carolina), married <mask> deLoach (18 May 1866 - 5 February 1929) and had issue. See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Moore, F., eds. (1905). "<mask>, <mask> (1822–1894)", Volume 11, p. 462. New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.).New York: Dodd, Mead. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .External links
 Archives and Museum - Camden, S.C.

Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: <mask> <mask> papers, 1852-1894

Confederate States Army major generals
People from Camden, South Carolina
South Carolina postmasters
1822 births
1894 deaths
People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
South Carolina state senators
19th-century American politicians
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War

masks:
Joseph Brevard Kershaw
Kershaw
Kershaw
Kershaw
Bonham
Kershaw
Bon
Kershaw
. Beauregard
Beauregard
Beauregard
Kershaw
Kershaw
Bonham
Kershaw
Bonham
Joseph E
Kershaw
Joseph B
. Kershaw
Joseph Brevard
Kershaw
Joseph
John Kershaw
Kershaw
Harriet DuBose
Kershaw
Kershaw
Josephine Serre
Kershaw
William Bratton
Kershaw
Joseph Bvard
Joseph Brevard
Kershaw


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<mask> (born 26 May 1941 in Berlin) is a German political scientist, contemporary historian and peace researcher and is emeritus professor at the University of Mannheim. Life

After his Abitur in Wiesbaden, <mask> studied history – specialising in East European history – political science, geography and educational theory between 1961 and 1969 in Marburg (under amongst others Peter Scheibert, Wolfgang Abendroth, Ernst-Otto Czempiel, Karl Christ, Walter Heinemeyer, Carl Schott, Kurt Scharlau and Leonhard Froese) and briefly also in Berlin and Bratislava. After his state examination in 1968 he graduated in East European history in 1969 under Peter Scheibert in Marburg. At the beginning of 1968, while still a student in Marburg, he set up the High School Union for Peace and Conflict Research (originally the High School Union for Interdisciplinary Polemology) and was one of the first members of the Association of Peace and Conflict Research (AFK), which was also founded in 1968. After a brief period in 1969/70 as scientific assistant to Czempiel in Marburg, he went with the latter to Frankfurt am Main and in 1971 became the first research fellow at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (PRIF, Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung, HSFK). Here from 1974 until the end of 1990, he became the director of the Research Group “Socialist States”. In 1975 he was offered the Professorship in Socio-Economic Structures, Institutions and Foreign Policy of Socialist Countries and then the Professorship of Political Science and Political Sociology at the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main He received a further offer in 1993, in succession to Hermann Weber, of the Chair of Political Science and Contemporary History at the University of Mannheim until September 2005.In 1992. while still in Frankfurt, he founded the Research Unit for Conflict and Cooperation Structures in Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe and Eurasia (FKKS) called the Mannheim here-named the Research Area for Conflict and Cooperation Structures in Eastern Europe. At the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES), he first headed a department and then later on until 2009 directed the Research Area “New Democracies and Conflict Resolution”. In 1986/7 <mask> took up a visiting Professorship at the University of Copenhagen, where he was active in the establishment of the Centre of Peace and Conflict Research. In 1988 he was a Visiting Professor at the University of California in Irvine. In September 1993 he gave lectures at Vilnius University. Since May 2004 he has been holding lectures on “Political Controversies from a Contemporary Perspective”. Here, <mask> has turned his attention to a wider public in the form of students of all faculties and of the older generation (Studies for senior citizens, University of the Third Age).Starting with this in Mannheim, he has continued this series at the University of Frankfurt since 2009. Memberships

<mask> was frequently on the board of directors of the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt (HSFK) and in 1975/6 and 1981/2 was the director in charge. Between 1996 and 1999, he was a member of the committee of the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research. He was frequently a member of the Council and the Board of Trustees of the German Society for Peace and Conflict Research (DGFK) from 1979 to 1983. In the German Association of Political Science (DVPW) during the 1970s, he directed the working group on “Socialist States”. At the beginning of the 1970s, he was also on the working group for “Civilian Defence” in the Federation of German Scientists” (VDW). He was for some years on the steering committee of the Association for Peace and Conflict Studies (AFK) and from 1977 to 1979 was Chairman.In the 1980s he initiated a working group on Peace Research in the German Trade Union Confederation (DGB) in Hesse and was on the Council of the International Peace Research Association from 1986 to 1989. Public activities

Though never a member of a political party, <mask> was nevertheless a member in the 1970s and 1980s of the Socialist Bureau, an independent democratic socialist union, where he was part of the editorial team producing  their monthly journal “Left. Socialist Newspaper”. He  was often a consultant or commentator  on events and working groups of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation, subsequently also for the Green Party, occasionally also at events of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Free Democrats (FDP) and in addition for various organisations of conscientious objectors and the Peace Movement. He also gave many lectures in the Protestant Academies of Tutzing, Arnoldshain and Loccum, in the Leadership Centre of the Bundeswehr in Koblenz and to the Trade Union Confederation. In the 1980s he was a visiting teacher at the Labour Academy (Akademie der Arbeit) in Frankfurt am Main. <mask> received an invitation to visit the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in March 1985, when he was wanting to set out on a long-prepared excursion to Leipzig.Due to his activities in the AFK, he was noted in the state security files of the GDR as a disruptive and divisive influence within the Peace Movement, above all probably because following his criticism of the arms build-up by NATO, he had also criticised the invasion of Afghanistan by Soviet troops, as it happened in the Catholic newspaper “Public Forum”. Works

In addition to around 200 contributions to journals and omnibus editions, his main works are as follows:
Die Deutschen in der Slowakei in den Jahren 1918-1929. Ein Beitrag zur Nationalitätenproblematik. R. Oldenbourg, München/Wien 1971, . Kommunismus - und was dann? Zur Bürokratisierung und Militarisierung des Systems der Nationalstaaten. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1974, .Eine Kritik der sowjet-marxistischen Lehre vom „gerechten Krieg“. In: Reiner Steinweg (Red. ): Der gerechte Krieg: Christentum, Islam, Marxismus (Friedensanalysen 12). Suhrkamp, Frankfurt 1980, , pp. 163–185. Der Einfluß der Ideologie auf die sowjetische Außen- und Rüstungspolitik. In: Osteuropa 36.(5, 6, 7/1986), ISSN 0030-6428, pp. 356–374, 447-461, 509-521. Bürokratischer Sozialismus: Chancen der Demokratisierung? Einführung in die politischen Systeme kommunistischer Länder. Fischer, Frankfurt 1982, . (in cooperation with Pierre Lemaitre and Ole Waever) European Security - Problems of Research on Non-Military Aspects. Copenhagen: Centre of Peace and Conflict Research 1987,
Issledovaniya problem mira v period i posle konflikta „Vostok-Zapad“.Stat’i poslednikh 20 let (Friedensforschung in und nach dem Ost-West-Konflikt. Aufsätze aus zwanzig Jahren) LIT/Progress, Münster/Moskau 1997, . Politische Streitfragen. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2008, . (Editor) Nationalism in Late and Post-Communist Europe. 3 volumes. Nomos, Baden-Baden 2008/2009, , , .(Published also in German and Russian ). Frieden und Konflikt. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2012, . Politische Streitfragen 2. Deutsche Innen- und Außenpolitik. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2012, . Politische Streitfragen 3.Internationale Politik. VS-Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2012, . <mask> edited 30 Untersuchungen (inquiries) of FKKS (Frankfurt, then Mannheim) from 1992 to 2004. In addition he is editor of the series “Studien zu Konflikt und Kooperation im Osten” published by LIT, of which 19 volumes had appeared by 2011. External links
 Website at the University of Frankfurt (in German)
 Curriculum Vitae (in German)

References

 Bürokratischer Sozialismus: Chancen der Demokratisierung?, Frankfurt a. M. 1982, p. 211. Aufruf (appeal) in: links No. 145, April 1982, p. 25.Opening speech of <mask> <mask>:" Gewaltfreier Widerstand in parlamentarischen Demokratien. Die Erfahrungen Martin Luther Kings und der amerikanischen Bürgerrechtsbewegung," in: Psychosozial 2/1982, pp. 124–137. Afghanistan. Ende der Entspannung?, in: Publik-Forum 9 (3/1981), pp. 3–4. Living people
1941 births
German political scientists
German historians
University of Mannheim faculty

masks:
Egbert Kurt Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Jahn
Egbert
Jahn


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<mask> (born 29 April 1978) is an Italian-Australian former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer who played in the 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. He is a dual-code rugby international, having played rugby league for Australia and rugby union for Italy. A New South Wales State of Origin and Australian Kangaroos representative  or , he played in the National Rugby League for Sydney club the Penrith Panthers (whom he captained to victory in the 2003 NRL Premiership). Gower then switched rugby union, playing for French Top 14 side Bayonne, and through grandparentage represented Italy. He returned to rugby league with the London Broncos in the Super League and then finished his playing career with one more National Rugby League season at the Newcastle Knights. <mask> was born in Penrith, New South Wales, Australia. He is of Italian descent.<mask> was educated at  MacCarthy Catholic College, Emu Plains. He played his junior football for the Colyton Colts and Emu Plains JRLFC before being signed by the Penrith Panthers. Rugby league career
In Round 11 of the 1996 ARL season <mask> made his ARL début for the Panthers against the Gold Coast Chargers. <mask> made his representative début in his second season in first-grade when still aged only eighteen. He was selected in the Australian Super League side for the ANZAC Test against New Zealand in 1997. He appeared in both Super League Tests against New Zealand and made the end of year Super League tour to Great Britain, playing in all three Tests in England at halfback. Following the re-unification of Australian rugby league, <mask> debuted for New South Wales in the 1999 State of Origin series.He was selected for the ANZAC Test that year but was dismissed following a disciplinary incident. However he was selected for the Australian team to compete in the end of season 1999 Rugby League Tri-Nations tournament. In the final against New Zealand he played at  in the Kangaroos' 22–20 victory. In 2000, <mask> won the Hooker of the Year award at the 2000 Dally M Awards. In 2002, <mask> debuted for the City Origin team in the annual City vs Country Origin clash. Between 2002 and 2005, <mask> captained the Panthers, the highlight of which was the 2003 NRL Grand Final victory over the Sydney Roosters. After that <mask> was selected to go on the 2003 Kangaroo tour.As 2003 NRL premiers, the Panthers travelled to England to face Super League VIII champions, the Bradford Bulls in the 2004 World Club Challenge. <mask> captained the Panthers at half back in their 22–4 loss. <mask> was named Australia's captain for the Test match against France on the 2005 Tri-Nations tour. Gower became the second Penrith Panthers player to captain his country, after Brad Fittler in 1995. In 2006, <mask> married Penrith Panthers cheerleader Amanda Flynn. In 2007, <mask>'s last year at the Panthers, he ended the season with 238 career matches for the Panthers, four games short of the club record of 242 held by Steve Carter. Rugby union career
On 26 June 2007, <mask> switched codes by signing with French Top 14 rugby union side Bayonne, having two years still to run on his contract at the Panthers.In 2008, <mask> expressed his desire to play rugby union for Italy. He qualified for the 'Azzurri' due to his Italian grandfather. On 13 June 2009, <mask> made his first appearance for Italy at fly-half against Australia after being selected for the mid-season tour of Australia and New Zealand. Italy coach Nick Mallett had initial reservations about selecting <mask>. Return to rugby league
Following the expiry of his union contract, <mask> returned to rugby league, signing a 2-year contract with the London Broncos of the Super League starting in 2012. As a result, he did not feature in Italy's 2011 Rugby World Cup campaign, and was instead selected in the Italy rugby league squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup qualifying tournament, although he missed all three matches due to injury. On 14 November 2012, <mask> extended his Broncos contract by a year, making him a Bronco until the end of 2014.He was then named captain, although he stood down as captain in May. In June 2013, <mask> gained a release from his Broncos contract to return to Australia and negotiate a contract with National Rugby League club the Newcastle Knights. On 8 June 2013, <mask> signed a contract with the Knights for the remainder of the 2013 NRL season. <mask> was named in the Italy squad for the 2013 Rugby League World Cup. However he did not play due to the injury he suffered at the end of the 2013 NRL season. At the end of the 2013 NRL season, <mask> announced his retirement due to injury. On 25 June 2016, <mask> was inducted into the Penrith Panthers hall of fame alongside Grahame Moran, Royce Simmons, and Greg Alexander.Controversy
<mask> has been involved in a number of alcohol-related off-field incidents. In 1999, <mask> exposed himself to a female Irish tourist in a Coogee bar, blaming his behavior on alcohol intoxication. He was dumped from the squad and fined A$2,500 by the NRL and a further A$500 in court after pleading guilty to indecent exposure. In December 2005, <mask> was fired as Panthers captain after incidents at a charity golf event where he argued with several guests, groped the then teenage daughter of former league player Wayne Pearce, chased Mitchell Pearce with a bottle before vomiting on him, streaked nude around the resort, stole and crashed a golf cart, held a butter knife to the throat of a Sydney radio personality before throwing it at resort guests, and engaged in a brawl with resort security before being ejected from the official function and detained by police. He was handed a "final warning" by the National Rugby League and fined A$100,000, with A$90,000 to be paid to an NRL programme encouraging the responsible use of alcohol by league players and $10,000 to replace the destroyed golf cart. <mask> was "deeply unhappy" that the Penrith Panthers club did not defend his reputation, and at one stage threatened to "walk" from the club. Allegedly inebriated with alcohol in a bar at Kings Cross on 11 February 2007, Gower allegedly tried to kiss one man before biting him on the neck and sparking a brawl, and is accused of assaulting another man.The Panthers club controversially reappointed <mask> as captain in 2007, claiming the Peppermint Lounge incident was just a media "beat-up". Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser said Gower was unfit to be captain, due to his alleged lewd behaviour at the charity golf event which she attended, and Sarah Maddison, spokesperson for the Women's Electoral Lobby, said "reappointing <mask> would send all the wrong messages." References

External links
2013 Newcastle Knights profile
2013 London Broncos profile

1978 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian people of Italian descent
Australian rugby league players
Australian rugby union players
Footballers who switched code
Italy international rugby union players
Italy national rugby league team players
London Broncos captains
London Broncos players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Newcastle Knights players
Penrith Panthers captains
Penrith Panthers players
Prime Minister's XIII players
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Sydney

masks:
Craig Gower
Background Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Gower
Craig Gower


texts:
<mask> (1780–1848) was a distinguished military officer in the United States Army and an inventor and designer of weapons and defensive installations. He served as the second Chief of Ordnance for the U.S. Army Ordnance Corps. Early life and education
<mask> was born on Long Island, New York in 1780 during the American Revolutionary War, the son of a British officer, <mask> of the 60th Royal Artillery, and his wife. His birth records do not indicate an exact date of birth nor the name of his father. <mask> later told his son James the information, who reported it in records at Norwich University. By a chance meeting, <mask> befriended the first graduate of West Point Joseph Gardner Swift. Swift sought and received a "Cadet's Warrant" from General Henry Dearborn for his friend, and <mask> was appointed to West Point from the state of New York on 23 October 1804, despite the circumstances of his birth.Career
After graduating from West Point in 1805, as a lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers, he served as assistant engineer in the defenses of New York Harbor under West Point superintendent and Chief of Engineers, Jonathan Williams (engineer) until 1808. From 1808 to 1810, <mask> served in the defenses of Chesapeake Bay. From 1810 to 1812 he served as the superintendent engineer of works on Governors Island in the construction of Castle Williams. At the start of the war of 1812–1815, <mask> was a staff major in the ordnance department and was appointed to the post of assistant commissary general of ordnance on 18 June 1812. On 6 July 1812 he was attached to the Corps of Engineers. After the war, on 9 February 1815 <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel. As an engineer, he and Joseph Gardner Swift were called upon to help rebuild the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., an effort that lasted from 1815 until 1819.<mask> was attached to the artillery when the army was reorganized in 1821 and the Ordnance Department and Artillery Departments were merged in the interest of economy. In 1832, the Ordnance Department was re-established as the Ordnance Corps (United States Army). At that time he was promoted to full colonel and appointed as the 2nd Chief of Ordnance on 30 May 1832. When General Tadeusz Kościuszko died in 1817, despite writing four wills, two executors (including Thomas Jefferson) failed to act. By time the U.S. Supreme Court declared in 1852 that the general died intestate and gave his money to his heirs, the value of his estate had decreased substantially; this was attributed by a case attorney to Colonel <mask>'s use of the estate for his own purposes. <mask> was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1841. In 1842 he became inspector of arsenals, ordnance, arms, and munitions of war.He held both positions until his death in 1848. In 1811, <mask> developed the first heavy coastal defense howitzers that would come to be referred to as Columbiads. Columbiad gun
The heavy coastal defense howitzers designed by Bomford combined attributes of the gun, and the mortar, to produce a long-range, high-powered, anti-ship weapon. The first prototype guns of this type, Model 1811 produced by the Alger Foundry, came to be referred to as Columbiads after the epic poem by, and in honor of, Joel Barlow, poet and diplomat married to Bomford's wife's sister. <mask> and his wife Clara lived on the estate of Joel Barlow, known as "Kalorama". The army stationed 8-inch and 10-inch Columbiads Model 1844 around the country as a part of the Third System of Defense. Bomford's design was improved by the Navy's Dahlgren Gun, but was superseded by the Rodman gun (Thomas Jackson Rodman) of the Civil War.It was considered an improved Columbiad, especially the later models with rifled barrels. The Rodman Gun was considered more reliable than the larger sized Parrott rifles (which were eventually pulled from inventory) or the early Columbiads. Columbiads continued in operation until after the Spanish–American War when they were rendered obsolete by the breech-loading rifled cannon. Marriage and family
Shortly after graduating West Point, <mask> married Louisa Sophia Catton, daughter of the noted English artist Charles P. Catton. They had three children: <mask> <mask>, James Vote (or Votey) <mask>, and Louisa Sophia Bomford. <mask> was born 17 December 1807. While a cadet at West Point, he was found guilty on four charges in a court martial on 2 March 1827, resulting from the Eggnog Riot of December 25, 1826.Although expelled from the Academy, he was allowed to retire from the Army. James was born 5 October 1811 on Governors Island in New York Harbor. He graduated from Norwich University in Vermont in 1828. He gained an appointment at West Point, where he graduated in 1832. He rose to a colonel in the 8th United States infantry, and was promoted to a brevet brigadier general in the American Civil War. During this time, he was held as a prisoner by the Confederates from April 1861 to May 1862. After a career in the Army, he died Jan. 6, 1892, at Elizabeth, New Jersey at the age of 80 and was buried at Evergreen Cemetery, Hillside, New Jersey.James' son, <mask><mask>, also had a military career. He was a Lieutenant Colonel of the 42nd New York Infantry, 3rd Brigade of the Second Division, under the command of Brigadier General Oliver O. Howard, and fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg during the Civil War. He died 5 September 1897. Louisa Sophia <mask> was born on 3 May 1813 in Albany, New York. She died 19 April 1864 in Newport, Rhode Island. <mask> married a second time 20 April 1816 to Clarissa "Clara" Baldwin (died 10 December 1856) and they had three children. They were Ruth Theodora: born 1 January 1818, married John (Jott) Stone Paine, and died 28 November 1895; Henry Baldwin: born 1823 or 1824, died 9 September 1845; and <mask> <mask>, born 31 March 1829, became a surgeon and married, and died 1864 during the Civil War.Death
<mask> died in Boston, Massachusetts 25 March 1848 while on army business and was buried in a tomb in the family mausoleum on the "Kalorama estate" in Washington, D.C. In 1892, due to construction of Massachusetts Avenue on the site of the estate, the remains of <mask>, his wife Clara, and son Henry Baldwin <mask>, were moved to Rock Creek Cemetery and placed under one headstone. Notes
National Genealogical Society Quarterly (NGSQ) publication 86; December 1998. Published online;

References

1780 births
1848 deaths
United States Army colonels
United States Military Academy alumni
People from Long Island
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery

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George Bomford
George Bomford
Thomas Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
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Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
George Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
Bomford
George Catton
Bomford
Bomford
George Catton
George N
. Bomford
Bomford
George Bomford
George Erving
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George Bomford
George Bomford
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texts:
<mask> (born 1948) is a professor at New York University (as of 2014); he  was formerly Vice-Provost of Undergraduate Education at Yeshiva University and Professor of Jewish Studies (from early 2011 to 2014). He had previously been Chair of New York University's Skirball Department of Hebrew and Judaic Studies and served as the Ethel and Irvin A. Edelman Professor in Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University (NYU). He is currently the Judge Abraham Lieberman Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Studies at New York University and Director of the Global Institute for Advanced Research in Jewish Studies. He is a specialist in the Dead Sea Scrolls, Judaism in Late Antiquity, the history of Jewish law, and Talmudic literature. Education
Schiffman was a graduate of Great Neck North High School. He received his BA, MA, and PhD degrees from the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies at Brandeis University. His senior thesis was devoted to the use of Psalms in the Qumran Hodayot.His PhD thesis eventually became his first book, The Halakhah at Qumran. Memberships

<mask> is also a member of the University's Center for Ancient Studies and Center for Near Eastern Studies. He served as president of the Association for Jewish Studies from 2000 to 2003. During the academic year 1989/90 he was a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem as part of a research group dealing with the Dead Sea Scrolls. He was a member of the academic committee for the Summer, 1997 celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls and the 2008 60th anniversary conference, both held in Jerusalem. Schiffman is a fellow of the American Academy for Jewish Research and a corresponding fellow of the Rennert Center for Jerusalem Studies at Bar-Ilan University. He has been chairman of the Columbia University Seminar for the Study of the Hebrew Bible.He is a member of the board of the World Union for Jewish Studies and the Society for Biblical Literature where he served as chairman of the Qumran section. He is also a member of the Enoch seminar and of the Advisory Board of the Journal Henoch. He is also chairman of the International Jewish Committee on Interreligious Consultations (IJCIC) and led an IJCIC delegation for a meeting with Pope Francis at the Vatican in June 2013, according to the World Jewish Congress. He served on the academic panel of The Rohr Jewish Learning Institute's Sinai Scholars Society Academic Symposium, and as a scholar-in-residence at The National Jewish Retreat. Film appearances
Schiffman was featured in the PBS Nova series documentary, "Secrets of the Dead Sea Scrolls," as well as in four BBC documentaries on the scrolls, the McNeil-Lehrer program, and a Discovery special. He appears regularly in the popular educational series, "Mysteries of the Bible," which appears on Arts and Entertainment (A&E), and more recently, in the four-part series "Kingdom of David" on PBS. Visiting professorships

Schiffman served as director of New York University's program at the archaeological excavations at Dor, Israel, from 1980 to 1982, in conjunction with the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the Israel Exploration Society.He has served as visiting professor at Yale University, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Duke University, Shier Visiting Distinguished Professor in Judaic Studies at the University of Toronto, the Johns Hopkins University, the Russian State University for the Humanities in Moscow, the Luce Visiting Professor at the University of Hartford and the Hartford Seminary, the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, Queens College and Yeshiva University. Contributions to the field of Dead Sea Scrolls
In 1985, Schiffman helped organize a Dead Sea Scrolls conference at New York University, where the field of Dead Sea Scrolls became organized as a separate field in Judaism in Late Antiquity. He also played a role in the behind-the-scenes maneuvering that led to the full publication of the scrolls and to the decision of the Israel Antiquities Authority to make them fully available to the academic community. He focuses in his research on showing that the Dead Sea Scrolls are Jewish texts and do not have far-reaching and dramatic implications for the study of Christianity. In 1992/3 Schiffman was a fellow of the Annenberg Research Institute in Philadelphia where he was part of a research team working on the unpublished scrolls. Together with a colleague, he served as editor-in-chief of the Oxford Encyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls (2000). In 1991, he was appointed to the team publishing the scrolls in the Oxford series, Discoveries in the Judean Desert.He edited the journal Dead Sea Discoveries for ten years. He served as Editor-in-Chief of the Center for Online Judaic Studies in New York. In 2011, Schiffman was a consultant for the Dead Sea Scrolls exhibit which showcased the significance of the scrolls at Discovery Times Square. The exhibit, entitled "The Dead Sea Scrolls: Life and Faith in Biblical Times," brought artifacts from the biblical and Second Temple period to New York City. Some of these artifacts (including scrolls) had never been exhibited outside of Israel before. In 2020, a Festschrift was published in his honor by former students and colleagues. The volume, entitled From Scrolls to Traditions, contains 20 articles on the Biblical period, Second Temple period and the Dead Sea Scrolls.Works

Thesis

Books
  – general publication of his thesis. – (in Hebrew)

Edited by

Awards
2014: co-Recipient of the National Jewish Book Award in the Scholarship category with Louis H. Feldman and James L. Kugel for editing Outside the Bible. References

External links

 NYU: <mask>. Schiffman
 YUTorah Online: Dr. <mask>hiffman
 Journal Henoch website
 Enoch Seminar website
 Center for Online Judaic Studies
 Professor <mask>man video lectures
 How to Study a Dead Sea Scrolls Text

21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American Orthodox Jews
Dead Sea Scrolls
New York University faculty
Brandeis University alumni
University of Hartford faculty
Yeshiva University faculty
Great Neck North High School alumni
1948 births
Living people
Historians from New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers

masks:
Lawrence Harvey Schiffman
Lawrence Schiffman
Lawrence H
Lawrence Sc
Lawrence Schiff