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<mask> (born 4 December 1955) is a German cantor, concert organist, and academic. He was responsible for the church music at St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden from 1981 to 2021, conducting the Chor von St. Bonifatius until 2018. He is an internationally-known organ recitalist, and was an organ teacher on the faculty of the Hochschule für Musik Mainz. In 1985, he founded the German-English project choir, Reger-Chor. He has lectured at international conferences, especially about the music of Max Reger, who was a member of the St. Bonifatius parish. Career

<mask> was born in Würzburg, the son of <mask> and his wife <mask>. He received his Abitur at the Kolleg St. Blasien in 1974.He then studied church music at the Richard-Strauss-Konservatorium in Munich for a year, studying organ with Elmar Schloter. From 1975 to 1980, he studied church music and concert organ at the Musikhochschule München with Diethard Hellmann and . He continued his studies with Franz Lehrndorfer and received the Meisterklassendiplom (master class diploma) in 1982. He was a member of Karl Richter's Münchener Bach-Chor. Dessauer was the organist for services at the Kolleg St. Blasien 1971–1974, then at the Akademie Tutzing for one year and conductor of the choir of the Protestant parish in Tutzing. From 1975–1981 he was cantor of St. Andreas Church, Munich. Church music at St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden

Dessauer has been the cantor at St. Bonifatius, Wiesbaden, the central Catholic church in the capital of Hesse, since 1981.He is the conductor of the 107-member Chor von St. Bonifatius, founded in 1862, of the children's choir Kinderchor von St. Bonifatius, and of the Schola for Gregorian chant. The church choir sings at services, including regular orchestral masses by Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert for Christmas and Easter, accompanied by members of the orchestra of the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, with soloists from the Hochschule für Musik Mainz such as Andreas Karasiak and students. In 2011 they performed the Mass No. 1 in B major by Johann Nepomuk Hummel, and Hans Leo Hassler's Missa super Dixit Maria in 2012. On Dessauer's initiative, the organ built in 1954 was refurbished by Hugo Mayer Orgelbau in 1985. Every year, typically on 3 October, German Unity Day, Dessauer has conducted choral concerts of works such as Mendelssohn's Elias, Ein deutsches Requiem of Brahms, and Verdi's Messa da Requiem. Both Chor and Kinderchor appeared in performances of Hermann Suter's Le Laudi (1998 and 2007), and in the German premiere of John Rutter's Mass of the Children in 2004.In 2006, <mask> conducted Karl Jenkins's Requiem, composed in 2004. In 2010, he chose works by Bach, including his Mass in G minor and choral movements from cantatas BWV 140, BWV 12, BWV 120 and Wir danken dir, Gott, wir danken dir, BWV 29. In 2011 he conducted Haydn's Die Schöpfung. The children's choir sang along with the soprano. To celebrate the 150th anniversary of the choir in 2012, <mask> commissioned Colin Mawby to compose the Missa solemnis Bonifatius-Messe. Mawby wrote the Mass in 2011 for the forces available at the church (soprano, choir, children's choir, oboe and organ), and the work was premiered on 3 October 2012. The organist was Ignace Michiels from St. Salvator's Cathedral in Bruges, soprano Natascha Jung, and oboist Leonie <mask>.A second performance took place on 3 November in the Frankfurter Dom, with organist Andreas Boltz. In 2013 he performed Schubert's Mass No. 6 along with his Unfinished Symphony. The concert of 2014 was John Rutter's Magnificat. Dessauer first continued the tradition of the Stunde der Kirchenmusik ("hour of church music")monthly concert, and then began a series Boni-Musikwochen instead, grouping choral and organ concerts around a theme within the span of one to two weeks. The Musikwochen 2010, Reger und mehr ("Reger and more"), presented concerts given by  Kent Tritle and Ignace Michiels, among others. Dessauer appeared with the Chor von St. Bonifatius in Azkoitia and San Sebastián on a Cavaillé-Coll-organ (1986) at both churches, at the Limburg Cathedral (1987), in St. Jakobus, Görlitz (1990), and in Memphis, Tennessee (1996).They appeared in Rome in 2008, when they performed Vivaldi's Gloria and Haydn's Nelson Mass in San Paolo dentro le Mura in concert, and sang during mass at St. Peter's Basilica. Organ recitals

<mask> has appeared in recitals in Europe and the U.S., at the Washington National Cathedral and St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York. He played the Kotzschmar organ at the Merrill Auditorium in Portland, Maine, and in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles. In 2004, he lectured at the National Convention of the American Guild of Organists in Los Angeles on the choral music of Max Reger, who was a member of the parish of St. Bonifatius while he studied and lived in Wiesbaden. In 2005, Dessauer played at the Spreckels Organ Pavilion in San Diego. In 2010, he gave a recital at St. Ignatius Loyola, New York. Since 1992, <mask> has conducted events for the Rheingau Musik Festival called the Orgeltour (organ tour), visiting historic organs in the region.The first tours covered historic organs of the Rheingau; later ones extended to the cathedrals of Worms and Speyer, Würzburg, and Fulda. Until 2010, Dessauer played a regular concert on New Year's Eve on the Walcker organ at the Marktkirche, Wiesbaden, together with church organist Hans Uwe Hielscher. To celebrate the bicentenary of Franz Liszt's birth in 2011, he played three major organ works by the composer on instruments that were built around the time of the compositions, Fantasy and Fugue on the Theme B-A-C-H, Variations on Bach's "Weinen, Klagen" (1863), and Fantasy and Fugue on the chorale Ad nos ad salutarem undam. In 2014, Dessauer toured in the US, playing concerts at the Washington National Cathedral, at St. Mary's Cathedral in San Francisco, California, and at the Salt Lake Tabernacle organ in Salt Lake City. In 2020, <mask> organised the Winterspiele concert series to honour the 150th anniversary of Louis Vierne, playing his Third Organ Symphony, among others, in the summer instead of winter because the planned concert was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic. <mask> retired at the end of 2021, succeeded by Johannes Schröder. Teaching
From 1995 to 2013, <mask> was an organ teacher at the Hochschule für Musik Mainz, part of the Gutenberg University in Mainz.Reger-Chor

In 1985, Dessauer invited singers to form a choir to perform a single work, the Hebbel-Requiem of Max Reger in the organ version by the Munich organist and composer Max Beckschäfer. The name Reger-Chor was chosen in 1988, when the next project was dedicated to the German premiere of Joseph Jongen's Missa op. 111. Later projects included one of the first performances in Germany of Rutter's Requiem, recorded on the Reger-Chor's first CD in 1990. In 2001 an international collaboration began with the organist Ignace Michiels, bringing together an almost equal number of singers from Flanders and the Rhein-Main Region to perform an annual concert both in Germany and Belgium. In 2003 he conducted the premiere of the organ version of Reger's Der 100. Psalm by François Callebout.In addition to works by Reger, Dessauer chose rarely-performed church music by composers such as Herbert Howells, Benjamin Britten, Herbert Sumsion, Maurice Duruflé, Edward Elgar, Frederick Delius, William Lloyd Webber, Jules Van Nuffel, Joseph Ryelandt, Andrew Carter, Kurt Hessenberg, Rupert Lang, Morten Lauridsen, and Eric Whitacre. In 2015 he conducted Bach's Missa of 1733 in B-minor in the newly-edited parts for the Dresden court, with members of the orchestra of the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden. Choral projects

In 1999 Dessauer collaborated with Ignace Michiels, organist of St. Salvator's Cathedral in Bruges, in a joint project to bring a century of violence to a close. The same programme was performed in both Bruges and Wiesbaden by the Cantores and Chor von St. Bonifatius choirs, with Michiels playing the organ and <mask> conducting. The concert in Bruges on 23 October 1999 was named Eeuw van zinloos Geweld (Century of meaningless violence) and expressed it using Maurice Duruflé's Prélude et Fugue sur le nom d'Alain, Jules Van Nuffel's , Jehan Alain's Litanies, Rudolf Mauersberger's Wie liegt die Stadt so wüst, Gerald Hendrie's Exsultate from the sonata In praise of reconciliation, and Duruflé's Requiem. The Wiesbaden concert was called Versöhnungskonzert zum Ende des Jahrhunderts (Concert of reconciliation at the end of the century). In 1995 Dessauer prepared the choir for a memorial concert commemorating the 50th anniversary of the end of World War II.On 8 May 1995, Britten's War Requiem was performed in a ceremony of the government of Hesse at the Kurhaus Wiesbaden, with choirs from countries who were opponents during the war: the Swindon Choral Society from Swindon, UK, the Macon Civic Chorale from Macon, Georgia, and the Schiersteiner Kantorei conducted by Martin Lutz. A year later they took part in a performance of the work with similar forces in Macon. In November 2009 Dessauer again performed Duruflé's Requiem, this time with a choir of volunteers who wanted to commemorate the Holocaust in a Gedenkkonzert gegen Antisemitismus, or a concert against Antisemitism. Janina Moeller sang the mezzo-soprano solo, and Petra Morath-Pusinelli was the organist. In November 2015 Dessauer was the organist for a sing-along organised by the Diocese of Limburg in St. Bonifatius. A choir of 150 volunteers studied <mask>'s Requiem and performed it as part of the Wiesbadener Bachwochen festival. As a contrast, Dessauer performed Olivier Latry's Salve Regina organ meditations, in which, according to a reviewer, he made the listener feel "...the complete cosmos of humanity, including the cruelty and violence, from which this prayer asks for salvation from" ("den gesamten Kosmos des Menschlichen nachempfinden ließ, einschließlich der Grausamkeit und Gewalt, aus der in diesem Gebet um Errettung gebeten wird").Recordings

 Kontraste (Contrast), <mask> at the Mayer organ of St. Bonifatius
 Orgel-Feuerwerk I – V (Organ Fireworks)
 Just for Fun, Organ Historical Society Catalog
 John Rutter: Requiem, motets of Reger, Reubke's Sonata on the 94th Psalm, Reger-Chor, Monika Fuhrmann (soprano), instrumentalists, organist (Rutter): Petra Morath, organist (Reubke) and conductor <mask> (1990, recorded live in St. Bonifatius Wiesbaden)
  Romantische Orgelkonzerte, Marco Enrico Bossi: Organ concerto A minor op. 100, <mask> Rheinberger: Organ concerto G minor op. 177, Léon Boëllmann: Suite Gothique op. 25, Kammerphilharmonie Rhein-Main, conductor: Jürgen Bruns (1997)
 Hermann Suter: Le Laudi, , Pamela Pantos, Andreas Karasiak, Johann Werner Prein, Chor von St. Bonifatius Wiesbaden, Kinderchor von St. Bonifatius, Witold Lutoslawski Philharmonic Wroclaw, 1999
 Max Reger: Hebbel-Requiem, organ works, Reger-Chor-International, conductor <mask> (2001, recorded live in St. Bonifatius Wiesbaden)
 Max Reger: Der 100. Psalm, Introduction, Passacaglia and Fugue in E minor op. 127, Reger-Chor-International, conductor <mask> (2003, recorded live in St. Bonifatius Wiesbaden)

References

External links
 Kirchenmusik in St. Bonifatius Wiesbaden (in German)
 Gabriel Dessauer
 Chor von St. Bonifatius
 Großer Kinderchor an St. Bonifatius
 Schola von St. Bonifatius
 Reger-Chor
 , from Coronation Mass, 1 April 2018, St. Bonifatius

 , by Naji Hakim 1 April 2018, St. Bonifatius

German choral conductors
German male conductors (music)
German classical organists
German male organists
University of Music and Performing Arts Munich alumni
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz faculty
Living people
1955 births
Musicians from Würzburg
21st-century German conductors (music)
21st-century organists
21st-century German male musicians

masks:
Gabriel Dessauer
Dessauer
Guido Dessauer
Gabrielle
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Dessauer
Gabriel Fauré
Gabriel Dessauer
Gabriel Dessauer
Josef Gabriel
Gabriel Dessauer
Gabriel Dessauer


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See Amenemhat, for other individuals with this name. {{Infobox pharaoh
| Name=<mask> IV
| alt_name=Ammenemes
| Image= AmmenemesIV(Front)-BritishMuseum-August19-08.jpg
| Caption= Small gneiss sphinxinscribed with the name of Amenemhat IVthat was reworked in Ptolemaic timesnow is on display at the British Museum. <mask> IV (also Amenemhet IV) was the seventh and penultimate king of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt (c. 1990–1800 BC) during the late Middle Kingdom period (c. 2050–1710 BC), ruling for more than nine years in the late nineteenth century BC or the early eighteenth century BC.K.S.B. Ryholt: The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC, Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications, vol. 20. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 1997, excerpts available online here. <mask> IV may have been the son, grandson, or stepson of his predecessor, the powerful <mask> III.His reign started with a seemingly peaceful two-year coregency with <mask> III. He undertook expeditions in the Sinai for turquoise, in Upper Egypt for amethyst, and to the Land of Punt. He also maintained trade relations with Byblos as well as continuing the Egyptian presence in Nubia. <mask> IV built some parts of the temple of Hathor at Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai, and constructed the well-preserved temple of Renenutet in Medinet Madi. The tomb of Amenemhat IV has not been identified, although the Southern Mazghuna pyramid is a possibility. Amenemhat IV was succeeded by Sobekneferu, who may have been his sister or stepsister; she was a daughter of <mask> III. Her reign marked the end of the Twelfth Dynasty and the beginning of the Middle Kingdom's decline into the Second Intermediate Period.Family

<mask> IV's mother was a woman named Hetepi. Hetepi's only known attestation is an inscription on the wall of the temple of Renenutet at Medinet Madi, where she is given the title of "King's Mother", but not the titles of "King's Wife", "King's Daughter", or "King's Sister". However, this does not mean she was not a wife of <mask> III, as she would have dropped all her other titles by the time her son came to the throne. The relationship of <mask> IV to Amenemhat III is debated. <mask> IV was the son of Amenemhat III according to Manetho, but given the age gap of 84 years, some historians believe he was a grandson. However, Neferuptah, the only sister who was older than Sobekneferu, died before Amenemhat IV's birth, since Sobekneferu is mentioned as the heir presumptive during her father's reign; thus, she cannot be Amenemhat's mother. There is no record of another son of <mask> III; had he existed, he would have become the heir after Amenemhat IV's passing, not Sobekneferu.Manetho states that <mask> IV married his sister Sobekneferu, who is identified as a royal daughter of <mask> III, and who eventually became king in her own right upon the death of <mask> IV. However, Manetho's claim about the marriage has not been proven correct; Sobekneferu is not known to have borne the title of "King's Wife" among her other titles. Egyptologist Kim Ryholt has alternatively proposed that <mask> IV was a son of Hetepi's earlier husband, and was adopted by <mask> III, thus becoming Sobekneferu's stepbrother – which could explain the Manethonian tradition. More plausibly, <mask> IV may have died without a male heir, which could explain why he was succeeded by Sobekneferu. Some Egyptologists, such as Aidan Dodson and Kim Ryholt, have proposed that the first two rulers of the Thirteenth Dynasty, Sobekhotep I and <mask> Sonbef, might have been his sons outside the royal line. Reign

<mask> IV first came to power as a junior coregent of his predecessor <mask> III, whose reign marks the apex of the Middle Kingdom period. The coregency is well attested by numerous monuments and artefacts where the names of the two kings parallel each other.The length of this coregency is uncertain; it could have lasted from one to seven years, although most scholars believe it was only two years long. The Turin Canon, a king list redacted during the early Ramesside period, records <mask> IV on Column 6, Row 1, and credits him with a reign of 9 years, 3 months and 27 days. <mask> IV is also recorded on Entry 65 of the Abydos King List and Entry 38 of the Saqqara Tablet, both of which date to the New Kingdom. In spite of the Turin canon, the duration of <mask> IV's reign is uncertain. It was given as eight years under the name Ammenemes in Manetho's Aegyptiaca. In any case, <mask> IV's rule seems to have been peaceful and uneventful. <mask> IV is well attested by contemporary artefacts, including a number of scarab- and cylinder-seals.Expeditions and foreign relations
Four expeditions to the turquoise mines of Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai are dated to his reign by in-situ inscriptions. The latest took place in his ninth year on the throne and could be the last expedition of the Middle Kingdom, since the next inscription dates to Ahmose I's reign, some 200 years later. In his 2nd regnal year, <mask> IV sent another expedition to mine amethyst in the Wadi el-Hudi in southern Egypt. The leader of the expedition was the assistant treasurer Sahathor. Farther south, three nilometer records are known from Kumna in Nubia that are explicitly dated to regnal years 5, 6, and 7, showing that Egyptian presence in the region was maintained during his lifetime. During his reign, important trade relations must have existed with the city of Byblos on the coast of modern-day Lebanon, where an obsidian and gold chest as well as a jar lid bearing <mask> IV's name have been found. A gold plaque showing <mask> IV offering to a deity may also originate there.In 2010, a report on continuing excavations at Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea coast notes the finding of two wooden chests and an ostracon inscribed with a hieratic text mentioning an expedition to the fabled Land of Punt in regnal year 8 of Amenemhat IV, under the direction of the royal scribe Djedy. Two fragments of a stela depicting <mask> IV and dating to his regnal year 7 were found at Berenice on the Red Sea. Building activities
<mask> IV completed the temple of Renenutet and Sobek at Medinet Madi that had been started by Amenemhat III,Edda Bresciani, Antonio Giammarusti: Sobek's double temple on the hill of Medinet Madî, Les Dossiers d'archéologie (Dijon) A. 2001, n° 265, pp. 132–140, see also  which is "the only intact temple still existing from the Middle Kingdom" according to Zahi Hawass, former Secretary-General of Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA). The foundations of the temple, administrative buildings, granaries, and residences were uncovered by an Egyptian archaeological expedition in early 2006. It is possible that Amenemhat IV built a temple in the northeastern Fayum at Qasr el-Sagha.<mask> IV is responsible for the completion of a shrine at the temple of Hathor in the Sinai  and may also have undertaken works in Karnak where a pedestal for a sacred barque inscribed with the names of Amenemhat III and Amenemhat IV was found in 1924.Maurice Pillet: Rapport sur les travaux de Karnak (1923–1924), ASAE 24, 1924, p. 53–88, available onlinePhotos of the pedestal

Legacy
Less than ten years after <mask> IV's death, the Twelfth Dynasty came to an end and was replaced by the much weaker Thirteenth Dynasty. Although the first two rulers of this new dynasty may have been sons of Amenemhat IV, political instability quickly became prevalent and kings rarely ruled beyond a couple of years. The influx of Asiatic immigrants in the Nile Delta that had started during the reigns of <mask> IV's predecessor accelerated under his own reign, becoming completely unchecked. Under the Thirteenth Dynasty, the Asiatic population of the Delta founded an independent kingdom ruled by kings of Canaanite descent, forming the Fourteenth Dynasty that reigned from Avaris. Approximately 80 years after the reign of <mask> IV, "the administration [of the Egyptian state] seems to have completely collapsed", marking the start of the Second Intermediate Period. Tomb

The tomb of Amenemhat IV has not been identified. Nonetheless, he often is associated with the ruined Southern Mazghuna pyramid.No inscriptions have been found within the pyramid to determine the identity of its owner, but its architectural similarity with the second pyramid of Amenemhat III at Hawara has led Egyptologists to date the pyramid to the late Twelfth Dynasty or early Thirteenth Dynasty. Less likely, Amenemhat IV could have been interred in <mask> III's first pyramid in Dahshur, since his name has been found on an inscription in the mortuary temple. At Dahshur, next to the pyramid of Amenemhat II, the remains of another pyramid dating to the Middle Kingdom were discovered during building work. The pyramid has not yet been excavated, but a fragment inscribed with the royal name "Amenemhat" has been unearthed. It is possible that this pyramid belongs to Amenemhat IV, although there are also kings of the Thirteenth Dynasty that bore the name Amenemhat and who could have built the pyramid. Alternatively, the relief fragment could have originated at the nearby pyramid of Amenemhat II. See also
 List of pharaohs

References

Further reading

Ingo Matzker: Die letzten Könige der 12.Dynastie, Europäische Hochschulschriften 1986. Reihe III, Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften. Frankfurt, Bern, New York: Lang. Wolfram Grajetzki: The Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt: History, Archaeology and Society, Bloomsbury 3PL (2010),
Ian Shaw, Paul Nicholson: The Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers. 1995. Stefania Pignattari: Amenemhat IV and the end of the Twelfth Dynasty'', BAR Publishing (2018),

19th-century BC Pharaohs
18th-century BC Pharaohs
Pharaohs of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt

masks: Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat Amenemhat


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<mask> (born May 12, 1941) is an American classical musician. While mostly known as an organist, <mask> is also a harpsichordist, pedal harpsichordist, pianist, fortepianist, composer, conductor, writer, and teacher. A specialist in music of the Baroque period, particularly the works of Johann Sebastian Bach, <mask> considers himself to have played an important role in the movement towards historically informed performance. He has collaborated with noted musicians such as Kathleen Battle, Julius Baker, Itzhak Perlman, Eugenia Zukerman, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Leonard Bernstein, Michala Petri and Wynton Marsalis for whom he arranged and conducted In Gabriel’s Garden, the most popular classical record of 1996. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. His father was a lawyer and his mother was a professional dancer and an amateur pianist. <mask> started playing the piano by ear at age four and could read music before he could read words.He was five when he first heard the music of J.S. Bach (the fifth Brandenburg Concerto) and was "delighted, elated and fascinated." At five he began piano lessons but decided to add organ after hearing his first Bach organ music (Toccata and Fugue in D minor). He had to wait until he was ten to begin organ lessons because before then his feet would not reach the pedals. From the age of ten to seventeen he studied the organ with Richard Keys Biggs. At age seventeen <mask> went to Paris, France, to study at l'École Normale de Musique. His primary teachers were Pierre Cochereau (organ),  Madeleine de Valmalete (piano), and Marguerite Roesgen-Champion (harpsichord).He received a diplôme supérieur, with the commendations of the legendary pianist Alfred Cortot. <mask> returned to the United States and received a B.S. in 1963 from the Mannes School of Music having studied organ with Edgar Hilliar, piano with Edith Oppens and composition with William Sydemann. He worked as a teaching fellow at Boston University while studying composition with Leon Kirchner at Harvard University. He received his M.A. in composition from Harvard in 1966 and his doctorate in organ from Boston University in 1967 where he studied organ with George Faxon and composition with Gardner Read and Luciano Berio for whom he also served as teaching assistant. Professional life
<mask>'s professional debut, in which he played Bach organ works on the pedal harpsichord, took place at the Carnegie Recital Hall in New York in 1967.Of this performance The New York Times wrote, "His driving rhythms and formidable technical mastery...and intellectually cool understanding of the structures moved his audience to cheers at the endings." Based solely on the Times’ review, and without an audition, Columbia Records signed <mask> to a recording contract. Clive Davis, head of Columbia Records, took his cue from the prevailing anti-establishment sentiment among young people and <mask>'s long hair and interest in Zen meditation and marketed <mask> as a counterculture champion of Bach would could draw young audiences. As a result, according to <mask>, it took some years for him to "live down" the image created by Davis and to be taken seriously in the classical music world. But <mask> did indeed draw young audiences as noted by Time magazine in a 1971 article in which they dubbed him the "high priest of the harpsichord." After recording twelve albums for Columbia Records <mask> left along with pianist André Watts, another of Davis' protégés, when Davis left Columbia in 1979. <mask> has gone on to make solo recordings for a variety of labels including Digitech, Excelsior, Helicon, Infinity Digital/Sony, Moss Music Group/Vox, Newport Classic, Second Hearing, Sheffield, Sine Qua Non, Sony, Deutsch Grammophon, and 903 Records.<mask> has recorded most of Bach's keyboard works on organ, harpsichord and piano as well as recording works of Scarlatti, Handel, and Couperin. On the fortepiano he has recorded the works of Beethoven and Mozart. As a conductor <mask> has led international orchestras such as the Madeira Festival Orchestra, the Brandenburg Collegium, and the English Chamber Orchestra. For thirty years, starting in 1968, while <mask> continued to record, concertize, compose, conduct and write, he taught music at The Juilliard School, Indiana University, and State University of New York at Purchase. Although initially intensely interested in composition, he became discouraged by the non-tonal music that was the focus of conservatory composition departments in the 1950s and '60s. He returned to composition in the 1980s and developed a post-modern compositional style that took over from where pre-atonal post-modernism left off. He makes use of musical archetypes from the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries as well as 20th century archetypes he has devised himself with the intent making new but accessible music.<mask> has written music for a range of instruments including organ, harpsichord, orchestra, guitar, violin, cello, flute chamber ensemble, piano, choral music and opera. In 2011, <mask> released a 20-CD set of his most important compositions on 903 Records. <mask> is music director of Bach Works and Bedford Chamber Concerts, and is on the board of Musical Quarterly magazine. He is also music director at St. Matthews Church, Bedford New York. Baroque performance controversy
From the beginning <mask>'s interpretation of the music of J.S. Bach brought disdain from many musicians. His chosen tempos are generally extremely fast, and he often takes liberties with rhythm and ornamentation.<mask>'s argument in favor of his tempo is that what he calls the "traditional" approach to Bach began 100 years after Bach's death and is misguided by a mystique and reverence for the composer that results in performances which are slow, rhythmically restrained and without the vivification of ornamentation. In contrast, <mask>'s recordings of Bach have been considered "exciting" by some who are skeptical of the validity of his interpretations. In <mask>'s scholarly text, Bach and the Baroque, published in 1985 and revised in 1995, <mask> supports his performance of Baroque music with a thorough analysis based on contemporary 17th and 18th century sources. <mask> discusses how alterations to the written music - rhythmic variations such as rubato and notes inégales as well as improvised ornamentation - were common in Bach's time and that fast movements were played faster than has been traditionally accepted. Scholarly opposition to <mask>'s approach was led by Frederick Neumann who had long-held that notes inégales were limited primarily to French performance practice and that Bach, who traveled relatively little, would not have been exposed to this technique. In reviewing <mask>'s Bach and the Baroque in 1987 Neumann was at first somewhat gracious calling <mask> "...a splendid keyboard performer who can dazzle his audiences with brilliant virtuosic feats. He can, and often does, play faster than perhaps any of his colleagues, and shows occasionally other signs of eccentricity."However he takes <mask> to task for "careless scholarship" citing misuse of terms such as tactus and misinterpretation of Bach's notation. But his strongest objection is to <mask>'s defense of the use of notes inégales in the performance of Bach. Most of Neumann's complaints question the validity of <mask>'s sources. Music critics too have been of two minds about <mask>'s interpretations of Bach, as illustrated in the following excerpts from The New York Times:

"A hiccup effect, or a sudden pause…is it rubato or something else that Mr. <mask> applies…whatever it is, it lurches absurdly." "His use of rubato as a structural device is particularly subtle – tiny pauses at various key spots to isolate and define vertical blocks within a phrase"
"…his accents…startle, even outrage…it is like listening to someone who speaks your native language with breathtaking fluency but in a thick accent, sprinkled with outrageous mispronunciations." "His free use of rhythm to define larger phrase structures…does serve its purpose admirably in addition to adding a touch of drama to his performances." Over time <mask>'s fast tempos have become relatively common in the performance of Bach's works and his championing of the use of original instruments foreshadowed the historically informed performance movement in America by at least ten years.Personal life
At the age of 28, <mask> became a student of Zen Buddhism and has practiced meditation several hours a day since then. <mask> was a volunteer at the hospice unit of Stamford Hospital from 1995 to 2004. He is married to Rabbi Mary Jane <mask>. They have three sons. Discography
Note: * indicates <mask>'s composition

903 Records
J.S. Bach: Six Partitas
J.S. Bach: Well Tempered Clavier Book 2, 1742
J.S.Bach: Works for Pedal Harpsichord and Organ, 230
J.S. Bach: Inventions in 2 Parts and Sinfonias in 3 Parts
J.S. Bach: Great Works for Organ, 114
The Music of J.S. Bach, 552
J.S. Bach: French Suites, 30 Variations on Walsingham, 1722
J.S. Bach: Six Partitas, 599
J.S. Bach: English Suites, 1723
My Favorite Bach Recordings, 2013
J.S.Bach: Aria with 30 Variations
Selections from Bach's Brandenburg Concerti
J.S. Bach: Concerto in D Minor, Seven Toccatas for Harpsichord
The Complete Collected Harpsichord Works of J.S. Bach
The Complete Collected Organ Works of J.S. Bach on the Pedal Harpsichord and Organ, MS 7309, 1968
Bach: Goldberg Variations, M 30538, 1971
The Well Tempered Clavier Book I, M2 32500, 1973
The Well Tempered Clavier Book II, M2 32875, 1971
Bach: The Six Brandenburg Concertos, M2 31398, 1972
Lutheran Organ Mass, M2-32497, 1973
Bhajebochstiannanas *, M 32439, 1973
Organ Orgy, M 33268, 1975
J.S. <mask> <mask>, MS 7421, 1970

Connoisseur/Arabesque
Brahms: The Two Cello Sonatas
Mozart: Sonata in D for Two Fortepianos, 8125

Delos Productions
Toning – Music for Healing and Energy *, DE 3213, 1997
Music for a Sunday Morning, DE 3173, 1995

Deutsche Grammophon
J.S. Bach: Arias, 429737, 1990

Digitech
Handel: Water Music, Music for the Royal Fireworks, DIGI 103, 1979

Epiphany Records
Concerts Royaux, EP-23, 2017

Essay
Martin: Concerto for Seven Wind Instruments, 1014, 1991

Excelsior Records
Masterpieces for Flute, 1982
J.S. Bach: Goldberg Variations, NCD 60024, 1987
Bach: St. John Passion, NC 60015/1, 1986
For God and Country, NCD 85533, 1994
Keyboard Companion, NCD60026, 1991
Cesar Frank; Complete Organ Works, Vol I,  NCD060060, 1989
Cesar Frank; Complete Organ Works, Vol II,  NCD060061, 1989
Mozart: 6 Fortepiano Sonatas, Vol I,  NCD 60121, 1990
Mozart: 4 Fortepiano Sonatas, Vol II,  NCD 60122, 1990
Mozart: 4 Fortepiano Sonatas, Vol III,  NCD 60123, 1990
Mozart: 4 Fortepiano Sonatas, Vol IV,  NCD 60124, 1990
W.A.Mozart: Seven Sonatas for Flute and Keyboard, NCD 60120, 1992
Mozart: Complete Music for String Orchestra, NCD 60137, 1990
Romantic Masterworks for Organ, Vol I, NCD 60060, 1989
Romantic Masterworks for Organ, Vol II, NCD 60050, 1989
Scarlatti Sonatas, NCD 60080, 1989
Solo Organ Concerti, NCD 60071, 1989
Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 1 (fortepiano), NC 60031, 1987
Beethoven: Piano Concertos No. 2 and 4 (fortepiano), NCD 60081, 1988
Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 3 (fortepiano), NC60007, 1986
Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 5 (fortepiano), NC 60027, 1987
J.S. Bach: Concertos for One and Two Harpsichords, NC 60023, 1987
Schumann: Piano Concerto, NCD 60034
Beethoven: Violin Sonatas (fortepiano)
Lutheran Organ Mass, NCD 60073
On Fallen Heroes, Orchestral Works by <mask> *, NCD 60140, 1992
A Christman Album, NCD 60072, 1989
Newman New Music *, NCD 60032, 1988
Time Pieces, NCD 6044
Contemporary American Piano Music, NCD 60048

OUR Recordings
Telemann: Complete Recorder Sonatas, 8226909, 2014

Peter Pan
Midnight in Havana, 4411, 1999

Sheffield
A Bach Organ Recital, S-6, 1966

Sine Qua Non
Bach: Favorite Organ Music, SQN-7771, 1976
Bach: Organ Masterpieces, SA 2042, 1981
Bach: Harpsichord Collection, SQN-2050

Sonoma
Music for Organ, Brass, and Timpani, SAC-001, 2004

Sony
Handel: Harpsichord Suites, SBK 62834, 1997, 1992
Mozart: Famous Piano Sonatas, 63290, 1997
Scarlatti: Harpsichord Sonatas, SBK 62654, 1989, 1996
Baroque Duet, SK 46672, 1992
Grace, 62035, 1995
Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3, 'Organ', SK 53979, 1996
Bach: The Brandenburg Concertos, 62472, 1994
Classic Wynton, 60804, 1998
In Gabriel's Garden, 66244, 1996
Organ Orgy, 1974
Bach: Goldberg Variations, SICC 2107, 1972
Newman Plays Newman *, GS 9005, 1984
The Wedding Album, MDK 47273, 1991
Mozart: Eine Kleine Nachtmusik; Symphonies 35, 40, 41, 63272, 1997
Lease Breakers, 1985
Wynton Marsalis: The London Concert, 1995

Vox
Bach: The Twenty-Four Organ Preludes and Fugues, Vol I, SVBX 5479, 1976
Bach: The Twenty-Four Organ Preludes and Fugues, Vol II, SVBX 5480, 1976
Bach: Toccatas for Harpsichord, 7520, 1996
Famous Organ Works
Bach: Suite No.2 in B minor; Telemann: Suite in A minor, DVCL 9017, 1986
Kodaly: Missa Brevis; Vaughan—Williams: Mass in G Minor, VCS 9076
Vivaldi: Six Sonatas for Cello and Harpsichord, VCL 9074

Vox Cum Laude
J.S. Bach Six Sonatas for Flute and Keyboard, VCL 9070, 1984
Bach: Well-Tempered Clavier, Book I, VCL 9056, 1983
Bach: The 3 Gamba Sonatas, D-VCL 9020, 1983
Jane's Hand: The Jane Auste Songbooks, VCL 7537, 1997

Vox Box
JS Bach: 24 Preludes and Fugues Vol, I, CDX 5013, 1995
JS Bach: 24 Preludes and Fugues, Vol.

masks:
Anthony Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Newman
Bach Anthony
Newman
Anthony Newman


texts:
<mask> (born July 29, 1962) is a Japanese-American professional wrestling manager, and actor better known by his ring name <mask>. He is best known for his appearances with World Championship Wrestling between 1995 and 1999 as the manager of many of the promotion's Japanese performers. He now lives modestly with his family and owns XTC Auto in Mason City, Iowa. Early life
<mask> was a qualified martial artist, competing in international kickboxing and martial arts tournaments between 1975 and 1987. The Professional Karate Association named him the best bantamweight in the world, and he won numerous accolades. While touring as a martial artist, <mask> befriended Eric Bischoff in the 1970s. Professional wrestling career

World Championship Wrestling (1994–1999)
In 1994, Bischoff, by now the president of World Championship Wrestling (WCW), hired <mask> as an off-camera international consultant.<mask> was the liaison between WCW and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), negotiating the talent exchange programs that saw numerous Japanese performers appear with WCW. <mask>'s on-screen debut (billed as karate champion Kazuo <mask>) was in early 1995 at the Uncensored pay-per-view as a special referee in a Martial Arts match between Hacksaw Jim Duggan and Meng. A month later, he would be seen again as Kensuke Ishikawa, a member of the WCW International committee who voted for Ric Flair to be reinstated as a wrestler (Flair had lost a retirement match to Hulk Hogan at the 1994 Halloween Havoc). <mask> (referred to as Kazuo Ishikawa) also co-hosted the WCW presentation of Collision in Korea alongside Eric Bischoff and Mike Tenay. Later in 1995, <mask> became the on-screen manager <mask>, translating for a number of Japanese wrestlers who could not speak English. His signature look consisted of a stylish suit and small sunglasses. At Starrcade on December 27, 1995, <mask> led Team New Japan (Jushin Thunder Liger, Koji Kanemoto, Masahiro Chono, Masa Saito, Shinjiro Otani, Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Kensuke Sasaki) against Team WCW in a best-of-seven World Cup series.When Chono made a special appearance on WCW Monday Nitro in 1996, Chono immediately turned on him and became the first international member of the New World Order (nWo). Later, in 1997, <mask> brought in another New Japan star, The Great Muta, as a mystery opponent to get revenge on Chono. Like Chono, Muta immediately turned on <mask>, spitting his mist in <mask>'s face before joining Chono in nWo Japan. During this time, <mask> also managed the Último Dragón. Thanks to his interference, Dragon defeated Dean Malenko to win the WCW Cruiserweight Championship at WCW's Starrcade pay-per-view in 1996. This win temporarily unified the title with the eight championships of the J-Crown. Dragon lost the J-Crown to Jushin Thunder Liger in Japan, while remaining WCW Cruiserweight Champion.He lost that title in a rematch with Malenko at WCW's Clash of the Champions XXXIV supercard, after botched interference by <mask>. Dragon then won the WCW Television Championship from Prince Iaukea on a Nitro in April and defended the title against former champion Steven Regal at Slamboree. Throughout the match, <mask> attempted to interfere on Dragon's behalf, but Dragon, preferring to win the match himself, admonished <mask>. <mask> then turned on Dragon, allowing Regal apply the Regal Stretch on Dragon to win back the title by submission. In August 1996, <mask> managed Bull Nakano in her feud with Madusa. At WCW's Hog Wild event, Madusa defeated Nakano in the match with the stipulation that she was then allowed to destroy Nakano's motorcycle. At this time, <mask> also managed Malia Hosaka.<mask> then managed Akira Hokuto who won the WCW Women's Championship over Madusa in the finals of the tournament to crown the first champion on December 29 at Starrcade in Nashville, Tennessee. On April 6, 1997, Hokuto retained the title against Madusa at Spring Stampede. The feud between Hokuto and Madusa culminated in a Title vs. Career match on June 15 at The Great American Bash won by Hokuto. Madusa was forced to "retire" due to a stipulation. This was the last time Hokuto ever appeared in WCW and the Women's Championship was apparently dropped, as it was never defended or mentioned again. <mask> also turned his attention to managing many of WCW's luchadores, taking both Psychosis and La Parka under his wing to feud with Dragon. Psychosis faced Dragon in a "Respect match" at the 1997 Great American Bash, losing by submission to the Dragon Sleeper.Later, when luchador Konnan joined the nWo, <mask> sent both Psychosis and La Parka after him in subsequent matches on Nitro, with both ending in defeat. Giving up on luchadores, <mask> managed WCW newcomer Yuji Nagata, to once again feud with Dragon. Nagata defeated Dragon by submission at Halloween Havoc and again by pinfall at World War 3, in a match where, had Dragon won, he would have five minutes in the ring alone with <mask>. <mask> parted ways with Nagata soon afterward. <mask> later became the manager of Ernest Miller and feuded with Perry Saturn, and later Jerry Flynn. <mask>'s character spoke broken English and described himself as "money-hungry, deceitful, conniving, and violent." During this time, he had a few matches, which he won.His character was originally depicted as an eccentric tourist who would take photographs of everyone he encountered. In general, their team was a reminiscence of the Jackie Chan's and Chris Tucker's characters from the film Rush Hour. After being released by WCW in November 1999 (Bischoff was by then no longer with the company), <mask>, Bobby Walker, Hardbody Harrison and several African American wrestlers launched a racial discrimination lawsuit against AOL Time Warner. In the lawsuit, <mask> claimed wrongful dismissal. <mask> also said that he had been given a disrespectful gimmick and that his final salary—$160,000—was only half of the average pay for a wrestler at that time. The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court. Championships and accomplishments
Wrestling Observer Newsletter
Worst Manager (1996–1999)

Filmography
Fearless Tiger (1994) as "Peng"

References

External links

1962 births
Japanese male karateka
Living people
People from Mason City, Iowa
Professional wrestling managers and valets

masks:
Kazuo Sonny Onoo
Sonny Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Sonny Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Sonny Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo
Onoo


texts:
<mask> is an American playwright, librettist and lyricist best known for her play The Women of Lockerbie. She teaches Creative Writing at several universities. Early years

<mask> was born in Columbus, Ohio to Virginia and <mask>. She is the oldest of three children. She graduated from Ridgewood High School in Ridgewood, NJ. She attended Kent State University where she received a BA in English and Political Science, and an MA in Political Science. <mask> moved to Juneau, Alaska in 1979.She worked in Alaskan politics serving as a special assistant to Lt. Governor Terry Miller and Alaska State Senator Frank Ferguson. In 1983 she became the Producing Director of Perseverance Theatre and an actor in the company. Her first two plays were produced at Perseverance: The Last Frontier Club and Signs of Life. Signs of Life was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation playwriting grant and was later published by Samuel French. Brevoort left Alaska to attend Brown University in Providence RI, where she received her MFA in Playwriting. She moved to New York City to attend New York University's Graduate Musical Theatre Writing Program where she received an MFA.<mask> is best known for her play The Women of Lockerbie, a story about the aftermath of the bombing of Pan Am 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, told in the form of a Greek tragedy. It was inspired by the laundry project undertaken by Lockerbie women, who washed the clothes of the victims and returned them to the families. In 2001 it won the silver medal in the Onassis International Playwriting Competition and the Kennedy Center Fund for New American Plays Award. It premiered Off-Broadway in 2003 by the New Group and Women's Project. It was produced in London at the Orange Tree Theatre in 2005, at the Theater Royal in Dumfries, at the Actor's Gang in Los Angeles in 2007 and the Will Geer Theater in Santa Monica in 2012. It is published by Dramatists Play Service and has been translated into nine languages. Brevoort's plays and musicals often use theatrical conventions and forms from around the world to explore contemporary American subjects.She wrote a Japanese Noh Drama about Elvis Presley called Blue Moon Over Memphis, which was published by Applause Books in The Best American Short Plays of 2004; a musical comedy inspired by world mythology and Saturday morning cartoons called Coyote Goes Salmon Fishing, with composer Scott Davenport Richards in 1998; and a holiday musical written in the form of an oratorio, called King Island Christmas, with composer David Friedman, based on the Alaskan children's book of the same title in 1999. Both Coyote Goes Salmon Fishing and King Island Christmas won the Frederick Loewe Award in musical theatre. She used the methods of magic realism from Latin American novels to dramatize life in an Alaskan fishing town in her play Into the Fire, which won the Weissberger Award in 1999 and was published by Samuel French in 2000. <mask>'s plays include:

The Poetry of Pizza which uses the conventions of farce and romantic comedy to explore Arab/American relations and love across cultures. It was developed in the Centenary Stage Women's Playwright's Festival and was subsequently produced at the Purple Rose Theatre, Virginia Stage, Mixed Blood Theatre, California Rep, Theatre in the Square and Stage 3. The Blue-Sky Boys, about NASA's Apollo engineers and the intersection of creativity and science, with a commission from the EST/Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Science & Technology project. It premiered at the Barter Theatre in Virginia and was subsequently produced by Capital Rep in Albany, NY.The Velvet Weapon, using the back stage farce to dramatize populist democracy movements in the US. The play was written with a grant from CEC Arts Link and is inspired by the Velvet Revolution of Czechoslovakia. The Comfort Team, a play about military spouses, with a commission from Virginia Stage. It received an artistic excellence grant from the National Endowment for the Arts and the first-ever theatre grant from the Harpo Marx Foundation. <mask> won the Liberty Live commission from Premiere Stages to write My Lord, What a Night, a one act play about Marian Anderson and Albert Einstein. It was produced at the Liberty Museum/Premiere Stage in 2016. She has since turned the play into a full-length, which is being produced in a Rolling World Premiere by the National New Play Network.It premiered at the Contemporary American Theatre Festival in Shepherdstown, W. Va in 2019. Subsequent productions at Orlando Shakes and Florida Studio Theatre were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and have been rescheduled for production sometime in 2021. My Lord, What a Night, was produced by the historic Ford's Theatre in Washington DC, where it reopened the theatre after the pandemic in 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> was commissioned by the Florida Studio Theatre to write a full length comedy called The Drolls. She was also commissioned to write The Gorn Galaxy, a 10-minute play, for the Flash Acts Festival, produced by Arena Stage, Georgetown University, the Center for Global Engagement and the American Embassy in Moscow. It was produced in both the US and Russia and is available to view online at FlashActsFestival.org. <mask> also writes opera librettos and the book and lyrics for musicals.Her musical works include:

Embedded, a one-act opera inspired by Edgar Allan Poe stories with composer Patrick Soluri for the American Lyric Theater. "Embedded won the inaugural Frontiers Competition at Ft. Worth Opera where it was subsequently produced in 2016. It was also produced at Fargo Moorhead Opera in 2014. Steal a Pencil for Me, a full-length opera about Holocaust survivors, based on the book of the same title, with composer Gerald Cohen, which won the Frontiers Competition at Ft. Worth Opera in 2016. It premiered at Opera Colorado in 2018. "Albert Nobbs" with composer Patrick Soluri. It was a finalist for the Dominic Pellicciotti Prize in Opera Composition.It was also the winner of the Frontiers competition in 2019 at Ft. Worth Opera. "Murasaki's Moon" an opera with composer Michi Wiancko, commissioned by the Metropolitan Museum of Art, On Site Opera and American Lyric Theater. It was produced at the Met museum in 2019. "The Knock," an opera she conceived, written with composer Aleksandra Vrebalov and commissioned by the Glimmerglass Opera Festival, where it was produced as a film in 2021. It will have its stage premiere at Cincinnati Opera in 2023. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> was commissioned by Fargo Moorhead Opera and the Decameron Opera Coalition to write Dinner 4 3, a 10-minute opera with composer Michael Ching, inspired by a story from The Decameron, as part of a new opera web series called Tales from a Safe Distance. She was also commissioned by the Chicago Opera Theatre to write "Quamino's Map" with composer Errollyn Wallen for a spring 2022 premiere

<mask> was commissioned by the Anchorage Opera to write "The Polar Bat," a new adaptation of "Die Fledermaus" which was produced there in 2014.In 2015, the Anchorage Opera commissioned and produced her new libretto for Mozart's "The Impresario." <mask> wrote the book and lyrics for "Crossing Over" an Amish Hip Hop musical with composer and co-lyricist Stephanie Salzman. It was developed in the ASCAP workshop, and also in the "Grow a Show" program at the Lied Center in Lincoln, Nebraska. It has also received development at NYC's Cap 21 and the Theatre Barn. She is a member of ASCAP, The Dramatists Guild, Opera America, TCG and the National Theatre Conference. She was invited to join the Playwright's Collective at Florida Studio Theatre in 2020. Brevoort teaches at Columbia University and New York University.She taught for many years at Goddard College. Personal life
Brevoort is married  to the actor Chuck Cooper. List of works

Plays
 "The Drolls"  (2020)
  "The Gorn Galaxy" (2020)
 "My Lord, What a Night."

masks:
Deborah Brevoort
Brevoort
Gordon Brevoort
Deborah
Career Brevoort
Deborah
Deborah
Deborah
Deborah
Deborah
Deborah
Deborah


texts:
<mask> (Preuss) (28 October 1860 – 9 October 1925) was a German lawyer and liberal politician. He was the author of the draft version of the constitution that was passed by the Weimar National Assembly and came into force in August 1919. He based it on three principles: all political authority belongs
to the people; that the state should be organized on a federal basis; and that the Reich should form a democratic Rechtsstaat (state based in law) within the international community. Early life and academic career
<mask>  was born in Berlin on 28 October 1860 as the only child of <mask> (1820 or 1821-62), a Jewish owner of a lithographic business, and his wife Minna (née Israel, 1826–99). <mask>'s father died in 1862 and in 1863 his mother married her husband's brother, <mask> (1827–1905), a well-off grain merchant. After growing up in the western part of Berlin <mask> attended university from 1878 at Berlin and Heidelberg, studying Rechts- und Staatswissenschaften (law and governance) but with additional courses on history and philosophy. In May 1883, he passed the 1.Staatsexamen and in November was awarded the Dr. iur. at Göttingen. He stopped working as a legal Referendar in 1886 and instead chose a career as an academic teacher. In 1889, he was habilitated with his publication Gemeinde, Staat, Reich als Gebietskörperschaften and began working as a Privatdozent (lecturer) at the university in Berlin. Although the quality of his writings was appreciated by academia, his Jewish religion and democratic-liberal views prevented him from becoming a tenured professor at the conservative Berlin university. In 1889, <mask> also married Else Liebermann, daughter of Carl Liebermann in Berlin. She was also related to Max Liebermann, the artist, and to Felix Liebermann.<mask> and Else had four sons, one of whom died early. The others were Ernst (*1891), Kurt (*1893) and Jean (Hans, *1901). In 1895, he became a member of the municipal parliament in Charlottenburg, Berlin. Only in 1906 did <mask> become a full professor, at the Berliner Handelshochschule newly founded by local merchants. He taught there until 1918, when he also was Rektor. His main focus was on constitutional law and on autonomous municipal administration (kommunale Selbstverwaltung). In 1906, the first volume of Die Entwicklung des deutschen Städtewesens was published.From 1910-18 he was honorary city councillor for the FVP. In this capacity he contributed to the project that what would later become the Greater Berlin Act. In 1912, he unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the Reichstag. In his widely read publication Das deutsche Volk und die Politik of 1915 he forcefully argued for a transformation of the Obrigkeitsstaat into a Volksstaat. Revolution, political career and Weimar Constitution
Only a few days after the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II had been announced during the German Revolution of 1918–19, Preuß, in an article published on 14 November 1918, called on the middle-classes to "accept facts" and cooperate in creating the republic. On 15 November, the head of the revolutionary government, Friedrich Ebert of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) appointed Preuß as Staatssekretär des Innern. At the time, the revolutionary Council of the People's Deputies (Rat der Volksbeauftragten) co-existed with the old Imperial bureaucracy.Although the Council served as the cabinet and took the important decisions, it lacked an administrative apparatus and thus made use of the existing structures. Under the old Imperial constitution, the Staatssekretäre had been the heads of the various Ämter, not true ministers but more senior civil servants working for the Reichskanzler (chancellor). <mask>' role thus could be described as head of the "Ministry of the Interior". The Council of the People's Deputies tasked him with preparing a draft for a new republican constitution. In November, <mask> also was a founding member of the new DDP. On 13 February 1919, <mask> became Reichsinnenminister (Interior Minister) in the first elected government of the republic under Ministerpräsident Philipp Scheidemann (SPD). Preuß opposed vehemently the Triple Entente prohibition of the incorporation of German Austria into Germany as a contradiction of the Wilsonian principle of self-determination of peoples.The government resigned on 20 June 1919 in protest against the Treaty of Versailles. It was followed by the government of Gustav Bauer (SPD), who appointed Preuß Reichskommissar für Verfassungsfragen (commissioner for constitutional issues). On 14 August 1919, the Weimar Constitution came into force. The final version of the constitution naturally was different from his original draft in various ways. <mask>' ideas were notably rejected concerning the reorganisation of the individual territories of the Reich—blocked by the new governments of the States. He also was unable to put into practice his idea of a very narrow definition of fundamental rights, limited to the classical freedoms, which he wanted to codify in just three articles of the constitution. Moreover, his attempt to change the nature of the second parliamentary chamber (made up of delegates from the individual State governments) proved impossible.However, some parts of the Weimar Constitution (on the role of parliament, government and Reichspräsident), considered especially problematic in hindsight, were strongly shaped by his ideas. In particular, the powerful position of the head of state, the Reichspräsident, who was given authority to dissolve the Reichstag with no effective limitations and who had considerable emergency powers under Article 48, did not appear to Preuß as a contradiction to the idea of a democratic state. He felt this was a necessary precaution to deal with the danger of a dictatorship of the parliamentary majority and to resolve conflicts between government and parliament by the most democratic method available—through new elections. Preuß also was  pessimistic about the ability of the political parties to operate successfully within the new framework: they had no experience in taking on responsibility or with the sort of compromise required for stable government. Under the Empire the governments had operated mostly independently of the parties and the Reichstag majority of the day. Later life

From 1919 to 1925 Preuß was a member first of the Verfassunggebende Preußische Landesversammlung (1919/20), the equivalent of the National Assembly for the Freistaat Preußen, and then the Preußischer Landtag. He published numerous works on legal and constitutional issues as well as pro-republican writings.He was also active in the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold. <mask> died in Berlin on 9 October 1925. He is buried at the Urnenfriedhof Gerchtsstraße Berlin-Wedding. Since 1952 the grave has been an Ehrengrab (honour grave) of what is now the State of Berlin. The Jewish background of the main author of its constitution was one reason why the Weimar Republic was referred to as Judenrepublik ("Jews' Republic") by its detractors on the right. Works
 Franz Lieber, ein Bürger zweier Welten. Habel, Berlin 1886 (Digital version)
 Gemeinde, Staat, Reich, 1889
 Das städtische Amtsrecht in Preußen, 1902
 Die Entwicklung des deutschen Städtewesens.Vol. 1: Entwicklungsgeschichte der deutschen Städteverfassung, 1906
 Stadt und Staat, 1909
 Zur preussischen Verwaltungsreform, 1910
 Das deutsche Volk und die Politik, 1915
 Deutschlands republikanische Reichsverfassung, 1921
 Vom Obrigkeitsstaat zum Volksstaat, 1921
 Um die Weimarer Reichsverfassung, 1924
 Staat, Recht und Freiheit. Aus vierzig Jahren deutscher Politik und Geschichte, 1926 (Collected works, collected by Theodor Heuss)
 Verfassungspolitische Entwicklungen in Deutschland und Westeuropa, ed. by Hedwig Hintze, Berlin 1927
 Reich und Länder. Bruchstücke eines Kommentars zur Verfassung des Deutschen Reiches, ed. by Gerhard Anschütz, Berlin 1928
 Gesammelte Schriften. Im Auftrag der Hugo-Preuß-Gesellschaft e.V.5 Volumes (4 published so far), ed. by Detlef Lehnert, Tübingen 2007-, Vol. 1: Politik und Gesellschaft im Kaiserreich, 2007; Vol. 2: Öffentliches Recht und Rechtsphilosophie im Kaiserreich, 2009; Vol. 3: Verfassungsentwürfe, Verfassungskommentare, Verfassungtheorie [not yet published]; Vol. 4: Politik und Verfassung in der Weimarer Republik, 2008; Vol. 5: Kommunalwissenschaft und Kommunalpolitik, 2012.See also
Carlo Schmid (German politician)

References

Further reading
 Schmitt, Carl, and Ellen Kennedy. The crisis of parliamentary democracy (MIT Press, 1988)
 Stirk, Peter. "<mask>, German political thought and the Weimar constitution." History of Political Thought (2002) 23#3 pp: 497-516. External links

 Hugo-Preuß-Stiftung
 Hugo-Preuß-Gesellschaft e.V. 1860 births
1925 deaths
Politicians from Berlin
People from the Province of Brandenburg
19th-century German Jews
Free-minded Union politicians
Progressive People's Party (Germany) politicians
German Democratic Party politicians
Interior ministers of Germany
Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold members
Political party founders

masks:
Hugo Preuß
Hugo Preuß
Levin Preuß
Hugo
Leopold Preuß
Hugo Preuß
Preuß
Hugo
Preuß
Preuß
Preuß
Preuß
Preuß
Hugo Preuß
Hugo Preuss


texts:
Juan Carlos Gonzales (born November 4, 1962 in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico), better known under the ring name <mask> (Spanish for "The Son of the Devil"), is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler currently working on the Mexican Independent circuit and has regularly worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG) portraying a rudo ("bad guy") wrestling character. He is a founding member of the IWRG group Los Gringos VIP. Professional wrestling career
Juan Carlos Gonzales began his professional wrestling career on December 10, 1979 at the age of 17. Initially he worked primarily around his native Cuernavaca, Morelos as the enmascarado, or masked wrestling character Águila Venezolana (Spanish for "Venezuelan Eagle"). As he gained more experience he ventured outside Morelos and began wrestling all over Mexico. El Hijo del Diablo (unknown–1994)
It has not been documented exactly when Juan Gonzales changed from his Águila Venezolana to adopt the more sinister, rudo (wrestlers who portray the bad guys) character <mask> (Spanish for "The Son of the Devil"). In Mexico masked wrestlers keep their true identity secret from the general audience, which meant that for decades it was not revealed it was Gonzales under the Águila Venezolana mask, not was it common knowledge that it was the same wrestler portraying both characters.In the early 1990s <mask> <mask> worked for the Universal Wrestling Association (UWA), although he worked for the UWA when its popularity was falling. In the UWA he was teamed up with Lobo Rubio and <mask> Guerrero as the UWA tried to replace the Los Temerarios after Black Terry and Jose Luis Feliciano both had left the promotion. The trio unsuccessfully challenged Los Villanos (Villano I, Villano IV and Villano V) for the UWA World Trios Championship in early 1992 but was disbanded soon after. When the promotion collapsed Gonzales joined the recently formed Asistencia Asesoría y Administración (AAA) wrestling promotion instead, continuing to work as El Hijo del Diablo. Super Amigo (1994–1995)
In 1994 Juan Gonzales was given a new ring character by owner Antonio Peña, Peña had decided to replace the dark rudo character with "Super Amigo", a kid-friendly clown like masked character for Gonzales. Super Amigo teamed up with <mask>redador and El Puma to defeat the Exotico team of May Flowers, Pimpinela Escarlata and Rudy Reyna as part of AAA's Triplemanía II-C show. His team won when Super Amigo pinned Escarlata in the third and deciding fall.Gonzales, as Super Amigo, would work off and on for AAA over the next year in low card matches. <mask>jo <mask>lo (1996–present)
In 1996 Black Terry had started working as "<mask>jo <mask>", on the Mexican independent circuit, but stopped using the mask and name after Juan Gonzales resumed the role. Following his AAA departure El Hijo <mask>lo worked for over a year for Promo Azteca, a promotion that had split off from AAA previously, but the promotion went out of business before 2000. In late 2000 El Hijo del Diablo began a storyline feud against a character that was portrayed as the complete opposite, <mask> <mask>, in a feud that pitted "The Son of the Devil" against the "Son of the Saint". On November 23, 2000 <mask> <mask> defeated <mask> <mask> to win the WWA World Welterweight Championship. <mask> <mask> would hold the title for 707 days into total until <mask>jo <mask> reclaimed the championship to end the storyline between the two. Around the time the storyline against <mask> <mask> ended Gonzales began working on a regular basis for International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG), one of the largest local promotions in Mexico, centered in Naucalpan, State of Mexico.In IWRG he became involved in a storyline feud against Fantasy, a storyline that led to a Lucha de Apuestas, or bet match, between the two that had both men risk their mask on the outcome. <mask> Hijo <mask>ablo was successful, forcing Fantasy to remove his mask and announce his birth name as per the stipulations of a Lucha de Apuestas match. A few months later <mask> <mask> teamed up with Bombero Infernal and EL Engendro to defeat the trio of Dr. Cerebro, Cirujano and Paramedico, winning the Distrito Federal Trios Championship. The trio only held the championship briefly before losing it to Los Megas (Mega, Omega and Ultra Mega) in late 2002. IWRG held a tournament for the vacant IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship in May and June, 2003 which saw <mask> <mask>lo and his partners defeated by Los Megas in the tournament. In 2006 he became involved in a storyline feud against one of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) rising stars Místico, that led to the two facing off in a "mask vs. mask", Lucha de Apuestas match on December 1, 2006. Místico won the match and the mask of <mask>jo <mask>lo, who was forced to unmask for the first time in his career.Gonzales was at the center of some controversy after the match as he had stormed out of the ring after removing his mask, instead of letting the fans see his face. He later claimed he had not been paid by the promoter for the mask loss, although the issue was later resolved when Gonzales was paid the bonus he was promised for losing his mask. A few weeks later <mask> <mask>lo teamed up with Veneno and Fantasma de la Opera to win the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship by defeating Dr. Cerebro, Suicida and Cerebro Negro in the finals of a tournament for the vacant title. The trio held the belts for 52 days before Dr. Cerebro, Suicida and Cerebro Negro defeated them to take the championship. Los Gringos VIP (2009–2015)
In 2009 El Hijo del Diablo teamed up with Gringo Loco and Avisman to form a group known as Los Gringos VIP, with both <mask> <mask>lo and Avisman "defecting" and declaring that they were indeed Gringos. The storyline included all three wrestlers wearing wrestling gear with the Stars and Stripes on them, similar to the Los Gringos Locos faction in the mid-1990s. During the storyline <mask> Hijo del Diablo began defending a championship called the "World Wrestling Superstars" (WWS) World Welterweight Championship without revealing where or how he had won the championship, or if he even HAD won it, before showing up in IWRG with the belt.On March 21, 2010 Dr. Cerebro pinned <mask>jo del Diablo to win the WWS World Welterweight Championship, marking IWRG's official recognition of the championship. Los Gringos VIP entered an eight team tournament for the vacant Distrito Federal Trios Championship, that had been vacated when Cerebro Negro, part of the previous championship team, had stopped working for IWRG. Los Gringos VIP defeated Cerebro Negro, Kaos and Veneo in the first round, Black Terry, Dr. Cerebro and El Hijo del Signo in the second round and finally the team of Máscara Año 2000, Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 and Máscara Año 2000, Jr. in the finals to win the championship. Over the next year Los Gringos VIP defended the championship on multiple occasions, but by the end of 2011 Gringo Loco had not worked for IWRG for several months. Los Gringos VIP petitioned to have their latest member Apolo Estrada, Jr. replace Gringo Loco, which was allowed in December, 2011. On January 13, 2011 El Hijo del Signo teamed up with rookie Muerte Infernal for the 2011 Torneo Relampago de Proyeccion a Nuevas Promesas de la Lucha Libre (Spanish for "Projecting a new promise lightning tournament") but lost in the first round to Black Terry and Keshin Black. On March 18, 2013 Los Gringos VIP's reign as Distrito Federal Trios Champions came to an end as they lost to Los Oficiales Elite (Oficial Factor, Oficial Rayan and Oficial Spartan) Following the title loss Gringos VIP began to work less and less as a team, at times teaming with various replacement "Gringos" such as Destroyer, Kid USA and Picudo, Jr. but did little of note.On May 6, 2012, at IWRG's Caravan de Campeones, <mask> <mask> was one of eight wrestlers competing for the vacant IWRG Intercontinental Middleweight Championship, but was defeated in the opening round by Veneno. One of the last shows <mask> <mask> worked for IWRG was their annual Festival de las Máscaras show where previously unmasked wrestlers were allowed to work under their mask for one night a year. On the show <mask> <mask> teamed up with Oficial AK-47 and Eita, only to lose to longtime rivals Dr. Cerebro and Mike Segura (wrestling as Orrito), teaming up with Trauma II. On September 16, 2015 Los Gringos VIP won the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship for a second time as they won a Steel cage match against champions Pantera and El Hijo del Pantera and Los Traumas. Los Mariachis Locos (2016-present)
On May 1, 2016 Los Mariachis Locos lost the Distrito Federal Trios Championship to Los Tortuga Ninjas ("The Ninja Turtles"; Leo, Mike and Rafy). Personal life
Juan Carlos Gonzales' son is also a professional wrestler, working as the enmascarado character "<mask>, Jr." on the Mexican Independent Circuit. Championships and accomplishments
International Wrestling Revolution Group
Distrito Federal Trios Championship (5 times, current) - with Bombero Infernal and <mask>dro (1), Avisman, Gringo Loco/Apolo Estrada, Jr. (2) and <mask> I Jr and Imposible (2).IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Apolo Estrada, Jr.
IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship (1 time) – with Fantasma De La Opera and Veneno)
WWS World Welterweight Championship (2 times, current)
Mexican Independent circuit
Morelos Middleweight Championship (1 time)
World Martial Arts Championship (1 time)
WWA World Welterweight Championship
WWA World Welterweight Championship (1 time)

Lucha de Apuesta record

See also
List of people from Morelos, Mexico

Footnotes

References

1962 births
Living people
Masked wrestlers
Mexican male professional wrestlers
People from Cuernavaca
Professional wrestlers from Morelos

masks:
El Hijo del Diablo
El Hijo del Diablo
Hijo
del Diablo
Shu El
El Dep
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del Diab
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del Diablo
del Diab
El Hijo
del Santo
Hijo
del Diablo
Hijo
del Santo
Hijo
del Diablo
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del Santo
El Hijo
del Santo
El
del Di
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del Diablo
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del Diab
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del Diab
Hijo
del Diab
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El Hi
Hijo
del Diablo
Hijo
del Diablo
Hijo
del Diablo
Diablo
El Engen
Diablo


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<mask><mask> (born 1971) is an American business consultant who in 2005 was the winner of season four of the reality television show The Apprentice. <mask> is the first African American to win the US version of The Apprentice. With an educational background in engineering and business, <mask> is both a Rhodes Scholar and a Walter Byers Scholar, and holds five academic degrees. Before entering the reality show, <mask> had already established a career in business and had become co-founder of business consulting firm BCT Partners in 2001. As winner of The Apprentice Season 4 in December 2005, <mask> undertook a yearlong apprenticeship with Trump Entertainment Resorts in Atlantic City, New Jersey. After The Apprentice, <mask> has continued as chairman and CEO of BCT Partners, while also acting as a public speaker and appearing on later editions of the show, and on CEO Exchange; he has also entered politics. Early life
Raised in East Windsor, New Jersey, <mask> graduated from Hightstown High School in neighboring Hightstown.He began attending Rutgers University in 1989 and graduated summa cum laude in 1994, with a BS in electrical engineering. <mask> is the first African American from Rutgers to become a Rhodes Scholar. He went on to attend the University of Oxford from 1994 to 1996 as a member of Keble College, where he earned an MSc in computer science. He then attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1996 to 1998, where he graduated with a second MS, this time in electrical engineering, and an M.B.A. from the MIT Sloan School of Management through the Leaders for Global Operations program. He continued his education at MIT, where he earned a PhD in media arts and sciences from the MIT Media Laboratory in 2001. <mask>'s PhD thesis is titled "Creating Community Connections: Sociocultural Constructionism and an Asset-Based Approach to Community Technology and Community Building." The Apprentice
In 2005, 34-year-old <mask>, along with 17 other contestants, entered the Season 4 of The Apprentice.His wife downloaded the application form, planting the idea of auditioning for the show in his mind. The Apprentice is a reality television series which premiered in January 2004, in which American entrepreneur Donald Trump uses a series of tasks and a process of elimination to ultimately select one candidate for a yearlong apprenticeship with one of his companies. The fourth season began filming in May 2005 and began airing September 2005; the two-episode finale aired on December 8 and 15, 2005. <mask> reached the finale with one other contestant, 23-year-old financial journalist Rebecca Jarvis. <mask> was to organise a celebrity ballgame for Autism Speaks, while Jarvis' task was to stage a comedy night in aid of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation. Despite the game's being rained out, Pinkett raised nearly $11,000. In the final judgement, Trump criticized <mask> for not spotlighting the celebrities in attendance at his event, and by Trump's advisor Carolyn Kepcher for not having a backup plan when the weather turned.Despite this, Trump chose <mask> as the winner, describing him as an "amazing leader" and saying, "Rarely have I seen a leader as good as you, and you lead through niceness". Moments after the announcement, Trump asked <mask> his opinion as to whether Trump should take the unprecedented step and hire the "outstanding" Jarvis, too. In his reply, <mask> asserted that there could only be one winner of the contest, a view which Trump chose to agree with. This stance attracted much comment after the show, and <mask> later defended his rationale, but made it clear he had no objection to Jarvis' being hired by the Trump organization at a later date. The reactions had taken <mask> by surprise, but he later stated he remained on good terms with Jarvis. Speaking years later about the incident, <mask> told a reporter for The New Yorker: "The only conclusion I can draw is that he [Trump] didn’t want to see a black man be the sole winner of his show." <mask> started his apprenticeship on February 6, 2006.His task was to oversee the $110m renovation of the Trump Taj Mahal, the Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino, and the Trump Marina, three casino resorts operated by Trump Entertainment Resorts in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Politics
In July 2006, <mask> served as a co-chairman of the transition team of newly elected Newark, New Jersey Mayor Cory Booker. On July 14, 2009, it was reported by a number of sources that <mask> had emerged as the frontrunner to be New Jersey Governor Jon Corzine's selection for lieutenant governor in the 2009 Gubernatorial election. Some reports indicated an announcement would be made on Thursday, July 16. However, no announcement took place, and criticism appeared in the media and from some political leaders regarding Corzine's potential selection of a running mate with no experience in public office. Later in the week, news reports indicated <mask>'s selection was less likely and that other front runners had emerged, due at least in part to public criticism of the idea of a political newcomer as the Governor's running mate. On July 24, Corzine selected State Senator Loretta Weinberg.In 2009, <mask> was the chair of the State Democratic Committee's Yes We Can 2.0; its name based on Barack Obama's campaign slogan, it sought to turn out newly registered voters from the 2008 presidential election for the gubernatorial election. Personal life
According to his website, <mask> was an academic All-American at Rutgers. He was named a member of the 1993 USA TODAY All-USA Academic Team and <mask> was a member of the Cap and Skull organization. He served as President of MEET, the Rutgers Chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers, and was the captain of the Rutgers varsity men's track and field team, competing both as a high jumper and long jumper. In 1993, <mask> was named Arthur Ashe Jr. Sports Scholar by Diverse: Issues in Higher Education. Additionally, he was the 1994 male Walter Byers Scholarship winner as the NCAA's top scholar athlete. <mask> is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity.In 2006, <mask> was given the Paul Robeson Leadership Award by Concerned Black Men of Massachusetts. In August 2007, <mask>'s wife, Zahara, gave birth to a daughter in New Brunswick, New Jersey. The <mask> family resides in Somerset, New Jersey. Bibliography

 . References

External links

bctpartners.com BCT Partners. 1971 births
African-American writers
African-American businesspeople
American business writers
Alumni of Keble College, Oxford
American Rhodes Scholars
Digital divide activists
Hightstown High School alumni
Living people
MIT School of Engineering alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
People from Franklin Township, Somerset County, New Jersey
People from East Windsor, New Jersey
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Rutgers University alumni
Businesspeople from New Jersey
New Jersey Democrats
The Trump Organization employees
21st-century American businesspeople
21st-century American non-fiction writers
MIT Media Lab people
The Apprentice (franchise) winners
Participants in American reality television series

masks:
Randal D
. Pinkett
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<mask> (born 27 February 1996) is a Swedish professional footballer who plays for Östersunds FK as a defender. Club career

Early career
<mask> started playing football at age five and immediately joined Lärje-Angereds IF. He then moved to IFK Göteborg when he was nine and after two years later, returned to Lärje-Angereds IF. At fourteen, <mask> left Sweden to move to Premier League side Chelsea, bringing his family with him. During his time at Chelsea, <mask> played in the club's Reserves and Academy. After being released by Chelsea, <mask> joined Eredivisie side NAC Breda on a one-year contract with an option for another year. Upon joining the club, he explained leaving Chelsea, citing first team football.<mask> made his NAC Breda debut (also his professional debut) in the opening game of the season, as the club drew 1–1 against Excelsior. Since joining NAC Breda, he quickly established himself in the starting eleven, playing in the right–back position. By the time <mask> left the club, he made fifteen appearances in all competitions. It was announced on 2 January 2015 that <mask> joined Derby County of the Sky Bet Championship following a trial. Immediately after joining the club, he was assigned to Derby County's reserve team for the rest of the 2014–15 season. Ahead of the 2015–16 season, <mask> was given a number thirty shirt for the club. He made his debut for Derby County in a League Cup tie against Portsmouth on 12 August 2015.Following this, <mask> returned back to playing for the club's reserve side. However, his time at the club was overshadowed by injuries. Molde FK
On 3 March 2016, <mask> left Derby County to join manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær at Molde FK for an undisclosed fee, signing a three–year contract. He made his debut for the club, coming on as an 85th-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Tromsø in the opening game of the season. Following this, <mask> made his seven starts for the next seven matches for Molde. However during a 1–0 win against Aalesunds on 30 April 2016, he suffered a knee injury, resulting being substituted in the 57th minute and was sidelined for two months. It wasn't until on 23 July 2016 when <mask> made his return to the first team, coming on as a second half substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Sarpsborg 08.However, his return was short–lived when he suffered another knee injury that kept him out for three months. It wasn't until on 30 October 2016 when <mask> made his return to the first team against Stabæk, starting a match and played 71 minutes before being substituted, in a 3–0 win. At the end of the 2016 season, he went on to make eleven appearances in all competitions. However at the start of the 2017 season, <mask> suffered a muscle injury while on international duty that saw him out for the club's first six league matches. It wasn't until on 6 May 2017 when he returned to the first team, coming on as a 78th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Aalesunds. <mask> started in the next three matches for Molde before missing the next three matches, due to international duty with Sweden U21. It wasn't until on 26 June 2017 when he made his return to the first team, coming on as a 70th-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Strømsgodset.Following this, <mask> regained his first team place, where he played in different positions in the defence and midfield position. <mask> later helped the club finish second place in the league after drawing 2–2 against Sarpsborg in the last game of the season. At the end of the 2017 season, he went on to make twenty–one appearances in all competitions. After a short loan spell at Malmö FF, <mask> made his first appearance of the 2018 season, coming on as a second half substitute in the second leg of the UEFA Europa League second round against KF Laçi, as Molde FK won 2–0 to advance to the next round of the tournament. Following this, he found his playing time, mostly coming from the substitute bench, making four more appearances for Molde FK. At the end of the 2018 season, <mask> went on to make five appearances in all competitions. Following this, he was released by the club after they did not offer him a new contract.Loan to Malmö FF
It was announced on 19 March 2018 when <mask> joined Malmö on loan until the summer. He made his debut for the club, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–1 win against Elfsborg in the opening game of the season. <mask> appeared as an unused substitute in the Svenska Cupen Final against Djurgårdens, as Malmö FF lost 3–0. He later made four more appearances for Malmö FF, making a total of five appearances in all competitions. On 13 July 2018, <mask> returned to his parent club after the club decided against signing him on a permanent basis. Östersunds FK
It was announced on 21 February 2019 that <mask> joined Östersunds FK on a three year contract, until December 2021. He made his debut for the club, starting the whole game in the right–midfield position, in a 0–0 draw against AIK in the opening game of the season.Since joining Östersunds FK, <mask> quickly established himself, playing in different positions in the defence and midfield. It wasn't until on 29 April 2019 when he scored his first goal for the club, in a 3–0 win against Helsingborgs. Following Östersunds FK's 3–0 win against IK Sirius on 6 July 2019, <mask> was subjected of attention after the opposition team reported claims that the club breached the requirements for home-grown players on him. Following an investigation, no charges were taken against Östersunds FK. Shortly after, he suffered a knee injury during a 0–0 draw against Malmö FF on 28 July 2019 and was substituted at half time. It was announced that <mask> was out for a month. It wasn't until on 14 September 2019 when he returned to the first team, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Kalmar.However, his return was short–lived when <mask> was suspended for one match after he was booked for a yellow during the match against Kalmar. But <mask> returned to the starting line–up against Örebro on 25 September 2019, as the club lost 2–0. His second goal for Östersund FK then came on 19 October 2019 against IK Sirius, as the club won 2–0, ending their twelve matches without a win. After the match, he was named Team of the Week by Aftonbladet. Eventually, Östersund FK managed to avoid relegation despite losing the last two remaining matches of the 2019 season. In his first season at the club, <mask> made twenty–four appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. At the start of the 2020 season, <mask> appeared three times in Östersunds FK's matches in the Svenska Cupen.However, due to the pandemic, the season was pushed back to three months. Once the season resumed, he continued to regain his first team place, playing in the defensive midfield position. It wasn't until on 1 July 2020 when <mask> scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Kalmar. He also later set up two goals for the club, coming against Elfsborg on 23 August 2020 and then later against Hammarby on 25 October 2020. <mask> captained Östersunds FK for the first time in his career against IK Sirius on 18 October 2020, as he helped the club win 3–2. Despite missing two matches during the 2020 season, <mask> went on to make thirty–one appearances and scoring once in all competitions. International career
<mask> is eligible to play for Sweden and Uganda.Sweden youth teams
In May 2012, <mask> was called up to the Sweden U16 squad for the first time. He made his U16 national team debut, starting a match and played 76 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–0 win against Bulgaria U16 on 29 May 2012. <mask> scored his first Sweden U16 goal, in a 4–1 win against Faroe Islands U19 on 9 August 2012. This was followed up by scoring his second U16 national team goal, in a 2–0 win against England U16. He went on to make nine appearances and scoring two times for Sweden U16. In September 2012, <mask> was called up to the Sweden U17 for the first time. He made his U17 national team debut, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Republic of Ireland U17 on 29 September 2012.<mask> then set up two goals for Sweden U21, as they beat Belarus U17 on 26 March 2013. In April 2013, he was called up to the U17 national team squad for the UEFA European Under-17 Championship. <mask> played four times in the tournament, as the U17 national team were eliminated in the semi–finals against Russia U17. For his performance, he was named Team of the Tournament, along with four of his teammates. Following the tournament, he captained Sweden U17 for the first time, starting a match and played 80 minutes before being substituted, in a 1–1 draw against Iraq U17 on 5 September 2013. Shortly after, <mask> was called up to the U17 national team squad for the FIFA U-17 World Cup. However, he suffered a thigh injury while training and missed the opening game of the Group Stage match against Iraq U17.But <mask> did make an appearance for Sweden U17 in the tournament against Nigeria U17 on 22 October 2013, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute, in a 3–3 draw. However, he was once again injured and never played in the tournament again. <mask> went on to make thirteen appearances and scoring once for the U17 national team. In February 2014, <mask> was called up to the Sweden U19 squad for the first time. He made his debut for the U19 national team, starting the whole game in the right–back position, in a 3–0 loss against Iceland U19 on 4 March 2014. <mask> went on to play in the right–back position for four more matches for Sweden U19. It wasn't until on 12 November 2014 when he scored his first U19 national team goal, in a 2–2 draw against Ukraine U19.<mask> went on to make nine appearances and scoring once for Sweden U19. In May 2014, <mask> was called up to the Sweden U21 squad for the first time. He made his debut for the U21 national team, coming on as an 81st-minute substitute, in a 2–0 win against Sweden U21 on 4 June 2014. Three months later on 9 September 2014, <mask> made his first start for Sweden U21 and played the whole game, in a 4–3 win against Turkey U21. In a follow–up match, he made another start for the U21 national team and played 73 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–0 loss against France U21. In a return leg, <mask> was placed on the substitute bench, as the U21 national team managed to overcome the deficit by beating them 4–1 to qualify for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. He made two appearances for Sweden U21 between 11 June 2015 and 16 June 2015 against Denmark U21 and Albania U21.However, <mask> did not make the cut the U21 national team squad for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. After spending almost a year away from the U21 national team, he made his first appearance for Sweden U21, starting a match against Serbia U21 on 24 March 2017, but suffered an injury that saw him substituted in the 10th minute. In May 2017, <mask> was called up to the Sweden U21 squad for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship. However, he appeared three times as an unused substitute, as Sweden U21 were eliminated in the Group Stage tournament. Following this, <mask> became a regular for the U21 national team, making ten consecutive starts between September 2017 and October 2018. During which, he scored his first Sweden U21 goal, in a 3–0 win against Malta U21 on 10 October 2017. However in a match against Belgium U21 on 16 October 2018, <mask> was sent–off in the 41st minute for a straight red card, in a 3–0 loss, in what turns out to be his last appearance for the U21 national team.Following this, he went on to make twenty–one appearances and scoring once for Sweden U21. In June 2016, <mask> was considered to be in a short–list for the Sweden Olympic squad ahead of the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. However, he was failed to make the cut. Career Statistics

Personal life
<mask> has an older brother, Moses, who is his advisor. At the time at Chelsea, Ssewankambo resided in London, where he lived five miles from the Cobham Training Centre and his family residing in the city. <mask> revealed that he started out as a striker, saying: "I started as a striker. Everyone starts as a striker.But I thought I was better in midfield, you're involved in everything there. I like to be involved in a lot of things. I'm a midfielder, creating chances is big, but scoring is the best thing you can do." Since playing in the position, Ssewankambo also plays in a right–back position and different midfield positions. In May 2018, while playing for Malmö FF, Ssewankambo and teammate Carlos Strandberg were recused the Swedish rescue service after being stranded at the sea for twenty minutes. Honours

Country
Sweden U17
 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup: Third place

References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Swedish footballers
Swedish expatriate footballers
NAC Breda players
Derby County F.C. players
Molde FK players
Malmö FF players
Östersunds FK players
Eliteserien players
Eredivisie players
Allsvenskan players
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Swedish people of Ugandan descent
Sweden under-21 international footballers
Sweden youth international footballers
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Sportspeople from Gothenburg
Association football defenders

masks:
Isak Ssali Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
Ssewankambo
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<mask> (born 4 June 1959) is an Indian actress and television director who works in Hindi films and television. Known for her work in both art-house and commercial films, she won the National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress for playing a young widow in Woh Chokri (1994). In 2018, she saw career resurgence for starring as a middle-aged pregnant woman in the comedy-drama Badhaai Ho, for which she won the Filmfare Award for Best Actress (Critics) and received a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Actress. <mask>'s television appearances include a leading role in the drama series Saans (1999) and as the host of the Indian version of the television quiz show The Weakest Link, named Kamzor Kadii Kaun. In June 2021, publisher Penguin Random House India released her autobiography "Sach Kahun Toh". Early life and education
<mask> was born on 4 June 1959 in New Delhi to R.N.<mask>. <mask> did her master's degree and M.Phil.in Sanskrit, and is an alumnus of National School of Drama, New Delhi. Career

Film career
<mask> has made appearances in several international films, such as Gandhi (1982), in which she played the niece of Mahatma Gandhi, and Merchant Ivory films, The Deceivers (1988), Mirza Ghalib (1989) In Custody (1993), and Cotton Mary (1999). She also made an impression in Indian parallel cinema such as Mandi (1983), Rihaee (1988), Drishti (1990) and Suraj Ka Satvan Ghoda (1992). These performances further established her profile in Indian movies alongside her arthouse film contemporaries Rekha, Shabana Azmi, Smita Patil and Dimple Kapadia. Despite this, <mask> never had a major commercial hit and found it difficult to find more dramatic roles:

Her appearance in Hindi movies was especially noted in the satirical movie, Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro in which she played the role of a secretary to Pankaj Kapoor. She also starred along with Madhuri Dixit in Khalnayak (1993); she was featured in the popular song "Choli Ke Peeche" in the movie. She has made television movies, Lajwanti and Bazar Sitaram (1993), which won the 1993 National Film Award for Best First Non-Feature Film.In 1994, <mask>'s breakthrough came in the acclaimed drama Woh Chokri as a recently widowed daughter-in-law; this performance won her a National Film Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2017, <mask> made headlines when she shared a post on Instagram asking for work: "I live in Mumbai and working as a good actor looking for good parts to play." Fed up with the lack of roles being written for middle-aged women in Bollywood, <mask> later reflected, "After that Instagram post, I got many offers -- five, in fact, and I accepted all of them. There is no shame in saying you don't have work." One of the offers she accepted was Amit Sharma's comedy-drama Badhaai Ho (2018), which emerged as the ninth highest-grossing Bollywood film of 2018. Her performance as a middle-aged pregnant mother earned widespread critical acclaim, with various critics and publications citing her performance as the film's highlight and one of the best of her career. Rajeev Masand credited <mask> for bringing "real empathy" to the part, while Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV described her portrayal as "outstandingly measured."Acting opposite Ayushmann Khurana as her son, <mask> received various accolades for her performance including the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actress, the Screen Award for Best Actress (Critics), and the BFJA Award for Best Supporting Actor - Female. At 60, she became the second-eldest Best Actress nominee in Filmfare Award history after Sharmila Tagore. In 2020, <mask>  appeared in Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari's sports comedy-drama Panga, and has reunited with Ayushmann Khurana for Shubh Mangal Zyada Saavdhan, with the latter earning her a Filmfare Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. <mask> <mask> will next appear alongside Manoj Bajpayee and Sakshi Tanwar for the upcoming thriller 'Dial 100'. Television career
Her big break on television came with Khandaan (1985), Yatra (1986), Gulzar's Mirza Ghalib (1987), a TV miniseries, followed by Shyam Benegal's Bharat Ek Khoj (1988) and later Dard (1994), Gumraah (1995), Shrimaan Shrimati (1995), Saans, Saat Phere: Saloni Ka Safar (2005), Chitthi (2003), Meri Biwi Ka Jawab Nahin (2004). She has also acted in the TV serial, Buniyaad. She also hosted the Indian version of the TV series The Weakest Link, Kamzor Kadii Kaun and appeared in Jassi Jaissi Koi Nahin which gave her considerable popularity.She has directed successful TV series, such as Saans (1999), Siski in (2000) and Kyun Hota Hai Pyarrr. She played the role of Shubha, one of the four women main leads in Ladies Special, a daily soap on Sony TV. She is now seen in Dil se Diya Vachan as a doctor by profession and mother-in-law of the lead character Nandani which airs on Zee TV

She also ran a theatre production company, 'Sahaj Productions' with actor, Rajendra <mask>, and acted as well as produced the Hindi play Soorya Ki Antim Kiran Se Soorya Ki Paheli Kiran Tak. She has also had some roles in Rishtey which was aired on Zee TV during 1999–2000. She has also been a part of Masaba Masaba, a Netflix show based on her and her daughter Masaba <mask>, who is a designer by profession. Personal life

<mask> was in a relationship with former West Indian cricketer Vivian Richards in the 1980s. Together, they have a daughter named Masaba <mask>.Since Richards was already married, <mask> decided to raise Masaba on her own as a single mother. It was then that she chose to move from New Delhi to Mumbai. In 2008, <mask> married New Delhi-based chartered accountant Vivek Mehra in a private ceremony in the United States. Filmography

Films

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
1959 births
National School of Drama alumni
Indian film actresses
Indian television actresses
Hindi-language film directors
Indian women television directors
Indian television directors
Indian women television producers
Indian television producers
Lawrence School, Sanawar alumni
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Best Supporting Actress National Film Award winners
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Actresses in Hindi television
Women television producers
Filmfare Awards winners

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