texts:
 Gene Miles and Bob Lindner, to a 14–6 win over Brothers in the 1986 BRL Grand Final at Lang Park. He then became the first Queenslander since Tom Gorman in 1929–30 to be named as captain for a Kangaroo tour. Following the successful 1986 Kangaroo tour which the Australians went through undefeated to earn themselves the nickname The Unbeatables, 1985 Australian coach Terry Fearnley wrote an article for Rugby League Week that was highly critical of <mask>' captaincy based on his experiences during the 1985 New Zealand tour. Don Furner, who took over as Australian coach in 1986 before the mid-season test series against New Zealand, later told that while initially weary of working with <mask> based on Fearnley's public comments and <mask>' battles with Frank Stanton on the 1982 Kangaroo Tour, he encountered no problems with the Australian captain and the two formed a good personal and working relationship.Although Queensland lost the 1986 State of Origin series 3-0 to NSW, the first clean sweep in Origin history, <mask> led the Australian's to a clean sweep of New Zealand in the mid-season test series, scoring a try in the 29-12 second test win at the SCG and the 32–12 win in the final game at Lang Park. Australia also won the opening test of the series 22–8 at Carlaw Park in Auckland. In 1987 <mask> was honoured as a Member of the Order of Australia "for service to rugby league football". Also that year King <mask>, a biography of <mask> written by Adrian McGregor was published. <mask> was also inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 1987. 1987 saw <mask> lead Queensland to a 2-1 Origin series win over NSW, though NSW won a fourth exhibition game played at the Veterans Memorial Stadium in Los Angeles. The Australians only played one test in 1987, suffering a shock 13–6 loss to New Zealand at Lang Park in July.It was the second time in succession that the Kangaroos, fresh from an unbeaten Kangaroo Tour, had lost a test to the Kiwis in Brisbane. Brisbane Broncos
Several New South Wales Rugby League premiership clubs had attempted to lure <mask> south during the 1980s, including the Bob Fulton coached Manly-Warringah which came closest to contracting him in 1986. However, the QRL, fearing they were going to lose <mask> (easily their biggest star) and possibly his Wynnum-Manly, Qld and Australian teammate Gene Miles to Manly soon after losing Souths players Gary Belcher and Mal Meninga to the Canberra Raiders, blocked the move to Sydney and <mask> stayed with the Seagulls. In 1988, <mask> finally got to play in the Sydney premiership when he was signed by the Brisbane Broncos as inaugural captain of the side upon their inception in 1988, leading the new club to a 44–10 win over defending NSWRL premiers Manly at Lang Park in their first ever game. <mask> was the Broncos' top try-scorer in their first season and also later had the honor of scoring the club's first hat-trick. During the season <mask> was awarded the Harry Sunderland Medal as Australia's player of the 1988 Ashes series against Great Britain, whose 26–12 win in the dead rubber third test at the Sydney Football Stadium (SFS) was their first test victory over Australia since 1978. <mask> and teammate Sam Backo also joined Ken Irvine as the only Australian players to score a try in each test of an Ashes series.On 20 July 1988 <mask> played for Australia in their record 62-point win over Papua New Guinea, scoring a try. At the end of the season he captained Australia to victory over New Zealand in the final of the 1985 - 1988 Rugby League World Cup. Australia won the game 25–12 in front of 47,363 fans at Auckland's home of rugby union Eden Park, though <mask> broke his right forearm in the 15th minute of the game while tackling Kiwi winger Tony Iro. After receiving treatment, he bravely played on for a further 20 minutes, making a number of one armed tackles despite being an obvious target in defense. Late in the first half when it became clear that with a 21–0 lead Australia would win the game, coach Don Furner replaced <mask> with Terry Lamb. <mask> won another man-of-the-match award in the second game of the 1989 State of Origin series. <mask> scored a famous try in the second half of the game played at the SFS, when he went on a 40-metre cross field run to the line where he outpaced a much younger Laurie Daley, and held off NSW fullback Garry Jack's tackle over the last 10 metres to score in the corner.From there <mask> was captain of the Australian team for their mid-season tour of New Zealand. At the end of the 1990 season, due to salary cap restrictions, <mask> was not made a large enough offer to keep him at the Broncos, with Bennett citing the need to retain younger talent. Gold Coast Seagulls and coaching
Following the souring of his relationship with the Broncos, <mask> was unwilling to move to Sydney for family reasons and in 1991, he joined the Gold Coast Seagulls and was appointed as captain by coach Malcolm Clift. He won his eighth and last man-of-the-match award in the first game of the State of Origin series that year, before playing both his last match for Queensland and Australia by the end of the season. He captained and coached Gold Coast during the 1992 NSWRL season but again finished the season in last place. In their last match under <mask> as captain-coach, the Gold Coast defeated Penrith, thus denying the Panthers a place in the finals play-offs. The following year he stopped playing but continued coaching the Seagulls, but departed after a third consecutive wooden spoon.In his time coaching Seagulls, the club had won just 7 games out of 44 played, losing the last 16 in a row. <mask> played his last game for the Seagulls in a match against a South Australian 'Select' team (which included his longtime friend Paul Vautin, as well as St George Dragons players Ricky Walford and Jeff Hardy) at the Thebarton Oval in Adelaide on 7 November 1992, the night before the Australian Formula One Grand Prix. <mask> also coached the Queensland State of Origin side in 1993 and 1994 but never won a series. Legacy

<mask> is remembered for his creative, playmaking football and great on-field confrontations, most notably one in the 1991 State of Origin series with Mark Geyer. Years before that his and Brett Kenny's likenesses were put onto the State of Origin winner's shield. The <mask> Medal has been awarded to the Queensland player of the series in State of Origin from 1992 to 2003. Since 2004, it has been awarded to the player of the series from either side.A bronze statue of <mask> was raised at the entrance to Lang Park. The statue text reads:

<blockquote>
WALLY LEWIS
The Emperor of Lang Park

This honour was bestowed upon <mask> by the former Chairman of the Queensland Rugby League, Senator and acclaimed father of State of Origin, the late Ron McAullife, in recognition of the impact <mask> had on matches played at this ground across three decades.<mask> is arguably the greatest rugby league footballer of all time. He is one of only a handful of players to be named a Rugby League Immortal and was one of the six inaugural members of the Australian Rugby League Hall of Fame. He achieved the greatest honour in Rugby League: the captaincy of his country, but it was his feats as Queensland skipper and playmaker in State of Origin that he achieved legendary status. He played 31 Origin games (30 as captain) and a record 8 Man of the Match awards over a 12-year period.The name <mask> is synonymous with State of Origin and Queensland Rugby League and continues to be an inspiration to future generations of footballers. </blockquote>

<mask> has also appeared in numerous advertisements during and after his football playing career. Examples include promotions for XXXX beer and Burger King.During the 2007 season at the Broncos' 20-year anniversary celebration, the club announced a list of the 20 best players to play for them to date which included <mask>. In December 2009 <mask> was inducted into the Queensland Sports Hall of Fame. Quotes
"<mask> has to be number one because he’s the only bloke who dominated the game at the highest level, in State of Origin, over a long period." Ray Warren, Australian sports commentator
"Certainly he's the best I've ever seen in the rugby codes, and my memory goes back to Raper and Gasnier, Catchpole and Hawthorne." Peter Meares, Australian sports commentator and writer. "<mask> is the greatest player at representative level I've seen – and I've seen some great players, I was there when Gas and Chook were at the end of their careers." Arthur Beetson, Australian former national team coach
"...all great players, but I haven't seen anyone step past or ahead of <mask>.You've got the right bloke in at No. 1." Steve Mortimer, former New South Wales captain. "For what it is worth, I rate him as the best footballer I ever laid eyes on." Bill Harrigan, leading referee
"I've got to say here and now <mask> is the greatest footballer I've seen, and all those great players knew that <mask> was the greatest." George Lovejoy, Queensland rugby league commentator

Personal life

<mask> was married to Jacqueline for 36 years, and together they have three children - two sons - Mitchell, Lincoln and a daughter, Jamie-Lee. Jackie began watching rugby league at the age of 5 when her grandparents would take her to see her uncle play for the Cannon Hill Stars, which was the first club the young <mask> played for, though the couple didn't meet until years later when both were adults.<mask>'s son, Lincoln, was a full-time actor on the Seven Network television drama, Home and Away, winning a TV Week Logie Award for best male new talent. His other son, Mitchell is a presenter on the Nova FM radio station, Nova 106.9 in Brisbane as the station's sports reporter and assistant producer on the Ash, Kip, Luttsy & Susie breakfast show. His daughter Jamie-Lee was born profoundly deaf. The family got confirmation of this on the day of the final State of Origin game of the 1991 series, prompting <mask>'s decision to retire from Origin football following the game. Jamie-Lee is a water polo player who is currently on a scholarship to the Queensland Academy of Sport who has represented Australia, and is the first deaf person in the world to ever represent her country's national hearing team. In May 2010, <mask> was rushed to hospital and had his gallbladder removed. <mask> completed his autobiography, Out of the Shadows: A Champion's Return to the Spotlight, in 2009.<mask> is well known as a big fan of The Phantom comic series. Following his retirement from the sport, <mask> became a television sports presenter, first on Seven Nightly News Brisbane, before moving to the higher-rating Nine News Queensland'' where he remains today. Epilepsy
During the nightly news broadcast of 16 November 2006, <mask> previewed the sports segment but was not onscreen when the program returned from the commercial break, with newsreader Bruce Paige instead presenting the sports segment. A similar event occurred two weeks later, on 30 November, when <mask> appeared onscreen and began to read the autocue, saying "Good evening" before seeming distressed. A scheduled report was then played, with Paige delivering the rest of the bulletin. Following these events, <mask> was given medical leave for the rest of the year. The following night, <mask> revealed that he suffered from epilepsy.<mask> has revealed in his book that his on-air disorientation was caused by the condition. On 21 February 2007, <mask> underwent brain surgery to help his epilepsy at Austin Hospital in Melbourne. The surgery was reported as a success by Gavin Fabinyi, Director of Neurosurgery. He has since made a full recovery. <mask> was not expected to make a return as a TV reporter until 29 January but delivered a flawless report alongside new sports presenter Steve Haddan. In September 2007, <mask> appeared on-air for the first time since the surgery, and by 2009 had returned to presenting on weeknights. <mask> is quoted as saying that "People come and ask me now about things (from his rugby league career) and I just don't remember them at all – that's absolutely frightening."<mask> said he wanted to work with epilepsy organisations and raise awareness about the condition. He is also the vice patron of the Hear and Say Centre, becoming involved with the charity organization after his daughter, Jamie-Lee, was born profoundly deaf. References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> profile at National Nine News
 <mask> at eraofthebiff.com
 <mask> at rl1908.com
<mask> interview at abc.net.au
Queensland Team of the Century named – article at nz.leagueunlimited.com

1959 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team captains
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league commentators
Brisbane Broncos captains
Brisbane Broncos players
Brisbane rugby league team players
Fortitude Valley Diehards players
Gold Coast Chargers coaches
Gold Coast Chargers players
Members of the Order of Australia
Nine News presenters
People from Redland City
People educated at Brisbane State High School
People with epilepsy
Queensland Greats
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin captains
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin coaches
Queensland Rugby League State of Origin players
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league players from Brisbane
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Wakefield Trinity players
Wynnum Manly Seagulls

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<mask> (April 5, 1885 – December 24, 1962) was a leading figure in the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) during the first half of the 20th century. She is remembered as one of the pioneers of the workers' education movement in the United States and as a prolific author on the theme of trade union education. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born on April 5, 1885 to an ethnic Jewish family in Kletsk, Belarus, then part of the Russian empire. She was the fourth of five children of a successful owner of a flour mill and his wife. Fannia received an education in private schools, with her parents encouraging their daughter to read extensively. <mask> was radicalized during her teenaged years in the Tsarist empire. At the age of 16 she joined the Socialist Revolutionary Party (PSR), the intellectual successor of the Narodnik movement of the 1870s.She was active in the Minsk section of the PSR, a secret revolutionary political party, for the next three years. Emigration to America

In 1904 her brother was nearly killed in an anti-Jewish pogrom, spurring <mask> to emigrate to the United States. Arriving in New York City, <mask> soon joined the Socialist Party of America. <mask> decided against further formal education in 1905, instead taking a job as a garment worker in order to participate directly in the Yiddish-language labor movement of New York City. In 1906 <mask> began her efforts to organize workers in the white goods trade. Organizing this particular trade was difficult because workers within it were of various nationalities and spoke different languages. During a 1908 strike of household linen makers, <mask> met Rose Schneiderman, with whom she became closely associated.Both <mask> and Schneiderman believed in the efficacy of recruiting female strike leaders from the union rank-and-file rather than relying upon a male-dominated centralized union bureaucracy for the settlement of labor disputes. They employed this outlook to bridge the ethnic gaps amongst worker in the white goods trade, finding a leader amongst the women of different ethnicities who could speak to the workers in their own language and cultivating her organizing talents. This strategy was successful and by 1909 the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) recognized the white goods' worker's union. <mask> helped to organize Local 24 of the ILGWU in Brooklyn and was elected to the Executive Board of the local in 1909 at the young age of 46. She was elected Chair of the Executive Board in 1913 and remained in that position until 1914. During the years 1912 and 1913 <mask> played a prominent role as a leader of the strike movement of New York City's organized garment workers. In 1914 the National Women's Trade Union League (NWTUL), an organization established in 1903, launched a training school for women organizers, a year-long program combining academics and field work.New York ILGWU leader <mask> was one of the first three chosen to attend the program in Chicago. In 1915, she was asked by the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union to organize Chicago dressmakers and in doing so founded ILGWU Local No. 59. In connection with this activity, <mask> was a key leader of a major strike of Chicago garment workers which began late in 1915 and continued into the following year, serving as a general organizer for the ILGWU. In 1916 <mask> was elected as the first female vice president of the ILGWU. She would serve in this capacity until 1925. Workers' education

In 1918 <mask> took the leadership of the ILGWU's Education Committee, and eventually rose to become Vice President of the union.After being elected as the first female vice president of ILGWU, <mask> <mask> continued to pioneer and promote an image of the labor movement that integrated education as well as personal growth. <mask>, soon after her promotion, lobbied for the establishment of an Education Department within the union and subsequently, served as secretary upon its launch. In the wake of this new educational reform, women within the union began to militantly mobilize due to their growing discontent with the ILGWU leadership and in turn, jumpstarted a rebellion that consequently crippled the union’s infrastructure. As a result, <mask> <mask> would be blamed for this rebellion as well as her failure to condemn it and would thus be castigated and ostracized from all fronts – including the militants she inspired. Cut off by union leaders, <mask> later channelled her activism into education, as she fostered some of the country's prominent scholars as allies and even teachers in her workers education courses. <mask> was instrumental in the formation of the Workers' Education Bureau of America in 1921. <mask> was a co-founder of  Brookwood Labor College in 1924, an initiative associated with labor educator A. J. Muste.She would serve as a director of Brookwood until 1933, also sitting on the board of Brookwood's Labor Publication Society, publisher of the magazine Labor Age. In 1932 <mask> was named a vice president of Brookwood Labor College, a position in which she remained until 1937. During her time at Brookwood, <mask> served as a mentor to Floria Pinkney, the first African-American labor organizer in the ILGWU. Conferences and political activity

<mask> <mask> was selected as an American delegate to the International Women's Conference held in Washington, DC in 1919. She was also a delegate to the 1st International Conference on Workers' Education, held in Brussels, Belgium in 1922. She served in a similar capacity at the 2nd International Conference on Workers' Education, held in Oxford, England in 1924. In 1924 <mask> became active in the Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA), a group envisioned as an umbrella organization of progressive political and trade union activists leading towards the establishment of a labor party in the United States.<mask> was elected a member of the National Committee of the CPPA. Despite the failure of that organization to survive beyond 1925, <mask> remained active in left wing politics at least through the 1940s as a member of the League for Industrial Democracy. Death and legacy

<mask> <mask> retired from trade union affairs in 1961. She died in New York City on December 24, 1962. She was 77 years old at the time of her death. Footnotes

Works

 The Educational Work of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union: Report Submitted to the Conference of the Worker's Education Bureau of America, April 2, 1921. New York : Educational Dept., International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, [1921].Report of First International Conference on Workers' Education held in Brussels, Belgium, August 16th and 17th, 1922. With Spencer Miller. New York: Workers Education Bureau of America, n.d. [c. 1922]. Winning Workingmen to Unionism. New York: International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [1920s]. Woman's Eternal Struggle: What Workers Education Will Do for Woman. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [c. 1932].The Uprising of the Sixty Thousand: The General Strike of the Dressmakers' Union, August 16, 1933. New York: International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [1933]. A New Era Opens for Labor Education: Discussion at the Workers' Education Bureau Conference, October 2, 1933, Washington, DC. New York: Workers Education Bureau of America, n.d. [1933]. Social Responsibility. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [c 1933]. Workers' Education and Labor Leadership.New York: Workers Education Bureau of America, 1935. Can Women Lead? New York: n.p., 1936. Working Women in Action. New York: n.p., 1936. We Kept Our Faith: A Memorial to Our Triangle Victims. New York: n.p., 1936.Action Based on Knowledge is Power. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [c. 1936]. The Workers Education Bureau — An Arm of the Labor Movement. New York: Workers Education Bureau, n.d. [c. 1936]. Method and Approach in a Discussion of the Economics of the Garment Industry for Young Workers. New York: n.p., 1937. History: Fiction or Fact: What is Workers' Education, Including Suggestions for Teachers in Workers' Classes.New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1938. Progressives Must Choose. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, n.d. [c. 1938]. Why is Our Union Different? New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1939. Workers' Education in the World Crisis: A Discussion at the Annual Conference of the American Association for Adult Education on May 21, 1940, at the Hotel Astor, New York. New York: American Association for Adult Education, 1940.Workers' Education in War and Peace. New York: Workers Education Bureau of America, 1943. Facing the Future: Where Do We Go from Here? ... New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1945. Labor Unions and the Community. New York: Workers Education Bureau of America, 1946. Organized Labor's Contribution to the Nation.New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1946. UNESCO: Its Objectives and How to Implement Them. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1947. Learn - Play - Act: A Program of Progressive Workers' Education. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1947. Philosophy of Workers' Education. n.c.: n.p., n.d. [c. 1948].Workers' Education: The Dream and the Reality. New York: Educational Department, International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1948. Adult Labor Education in a Troubled World: A Guide for Teachers. New York: International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 1958. Why Workers' Education? Los Angeles: n.p., n.d.

Further reading

 Ricki Carole Myers Cohen, <mask> <mask> and the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. PhD dissertation.University of Southern California, 1976. Brian Dolber, "Sweating for Democracy: Working Class Media and the Struggle for 'Hegemonic Jewishness,' 1919-1941." PhD dissertation. University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 2011. Louis Levine, The Women's Garment Workers: A History of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1924.Benjamin Stolberg, Tailor's Progress: The Story of a Famous Union and the Men Who Made It. New York: Doubleday, Doran and Co., 1944. External links
 New York Public Library Archives and Manuscripts – <mask> M<mask> Papers
Three groups of documents, including correspondence, writings (articles, speeches, plays, etc.) and ILGWU-related documents. ILGWU Education Department – <mask> <mask> Papers
Documentation of her work at the ILGWU from 1918 to 1961. 1885 births
1962 deaths
Jews of the Russian Empire
Belarusian Jews
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Jewish socialists
Activists from New York City
Socialist Revolutionary Party politicians
Members of the Socialist Party of America
Leaders of American trade unions
International Ladies Garment Workers Union leaders

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<mask> (January 11, 1934 – September 24, 1999) was an American woman who claimed to be the mistress of U.S. president John F. Kennedy and Mafia leaders Sam Giancana and John Roselli. She was also known as <mask>, and <mask>. Early life
She was born <mask> in Fort Lee, New Jersey; Her parents were Frederick Immoor, an architect of German descent, and Katherine (née Shea), who was of Irish descent. When she was a child, her family moved to the Los Angeles area, where she grew up in Pacific Palisades. After her mother nearly died in an auto accident, <mask> withdrew from school at the age of 14 and was tutored at home. Her older sister Jacqueline later became an actress and took the professional name Susan Morrow. Marriage and family
In 1952, at the age of 18, <mask> married actor William Campbell; they divorced in 1958.Described as "stunningly beautiful," she claimed to have had an 18-month relationship with then-Senator John F. Kennedy, beginning in 1960, which continued after he was elected President of the United States. She had a son, David Bohrer, from a later relationship. In 1975, Campbell married again, to <mask>, a golfer. They separated in 1988. John F. Kennedy
According to Michael O'Brien of the Washington Monthly, on February 7, 1960, Frank Sinatra and Campbell were in Las Vegas, where Sinatra introduced her to John F. Kennedy, then a senator from Massachusetts and presidential candidate. In her 1977 memoir, she said that she became one of JFK's mistresses for a period of about two years, frequently visiting him in the White House after he was elected president. Her account was supported by phone records and other documentation, although Kennedy staff and supporters attacked her veracity when she published her memoir.A few months later in 1960, Sinatra introduced Campbell to "Sam Flood," who was actually Sam Giancana, the leading figure in the Chicago Mafia. She also became involved with him and knew his associate John Roselli. Church Committee
Exner received national media attention when she testified in 1975 before the Church Committee investigating CIA assassination attempts on Fidel Castro. Roselli testified to the committee about Mafia involvement in the CIA attempt on Castro's life. When the Church Committee report was released in December 1975, it said that a "close friend" of President Kennedy had also been a close friend of mobsters John Roselli and Sam Giancana." Campbell's identity as the close friend was leaked to the Washington Post, which publicized it. William Safire in The New York Times also published it.The Committee had sent <mask> a subpoena to make her testify. By then, married to <mask>, <mask> called a press conference that month and denied any knowledge of Mafia involvement with Kennedy. Memoir
In 1977, <mask> published <mask>: My Story. In her memoir, she said that her relationship with Kennedy was entirely personal. She also said that Frank Sinatra later introduced her to Sam Giancana, with whom she also became intimate. She said that Giancana never asked her for any information related to Kennedy. She also said that John Roselli was her friend.Aside from her own alleged affair with JFK, <mask> claimed to have knowledge of other women who had affairs with Kennedy. These affairs included one with Danish journalist Inga Arvad between late 1941 and early 1942. <mask> also said that Kennedy brought prostitutes to the White House swimming pool. Journalists and some historians have also alleged that Kennedy had a number of affairs, citing a memo by FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover as part of the evidence. <mask> said that President Kennedy's Special Assistant David Powers helped set up encounters with President Kennedy. Powers later stated that Kennedy never had an affair with <mask>. Later accounts
In a 1988 interview with Kitty Kelley of People magazine, <mask> told a very different story about Giancana and Kennedy.She said that she had lied to the Church Committee and in her memoir out of fear of Mafia retaliation. She said Kennedy had asked her to contact Giancana, and she helped set up a meeting between them during the 1960 presidential election. For about 18 months in 1960–61, "<mask> claimed she served as the president's link with the Mob. She crisscrossed the nation carrying envelopes between the president and Giancana, and arranged about 10 meetings between the two." She later claimed these messages concerned plans to assassinate the Cuban president Fidel Castro. In 1997, <mask> alleged more details and changed her story, in separate interviews with Liz Smith of Vanity Fair and Seymour Hersh. She said Kennedy told her of his plans related to Cuba, and used her to carry money to Giancana, as well as to arrange numerous meetings between him, Giancana and Roselli.She claimed to Smith to have terminated a pregnancy resulting from a last encounter in 1962 with Kennedy. She said that she had carried payoffs from California defense contractors to the Kennedys, including Robert F. Kennedy. A witness of Hersh's who appeared to support <mask>'s story of carrying money to Giancana later dropped his story. Both liberal and conservative critics have attacked these later accounts. They depend mostly on <mask> and are not supported by what is known of Kennedy and his staff. Her earlier accounts of her affair with Kennedy were supported by FBI reports, Secret Service and White House phone logs and staff documentation. She has been described as an "unreliable witness," with a history of instability, depression and paranoia and, by then, she was suffering from cancer.Later years and death
<mask> <mask> lived in Newport Beach and was a painter. She died on September 24, 1999 in Duarte, California from breast cancer. In popular culture
<mask>'s memoir was adapted as a made-for-TV movie, Power and Beauty (2002), directed by Susan Seidelman, in which she was played by Natasha Henstridge. Material was added from accounts published after her 1977 memoir. Judy Campbell was portrayed in the 1998 HBO movie The Rat Pack by Michelle Grace. In the  2004 episode "In Camelot" of the TV series The Sopranos, the character of Fran Felstein is based on <mask>. Campbell was portrayed by Megan Vincent in the 2011 TV series The Kennedys.In 2016, she appeared as a character in the third episode of the first season of the television series Timeless, played by Elena Satine. References

Further reading

External links

1934 births
1999 deaths
Deaths from breast cancer
Writers from New York City
Writers from Los Angeles
Deaths from cancer in California
American women memoirists
20th-century American memoirists
20th-century American women writers
Mistresses of John F. Kennedy

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Judith Exner
Judith Campbell Exner
Judith Campbell
Judith Eileen Katherine Immoor
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texts:
<mask>, KCB, DSO (5 November 1863 – 24 August 1946) was a British Army officer, who commanded the 48th (South Midland) Division from 1915 to 1918 during the First World War. He was the youngest of three brothers (Edward, Hew, and <mask>) who all rose to command divisions or corps during the war. Fanshawe joined the Oxfordshire Light Infantry in 1883, and served with his regiment in India until the Second Boer War, where he commanded a mobile column and was mentioned in despatches. At the outbreak of the First World War he was on the staff of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF), and later commanded a regular brigade on the Western Front, before being promoted to divisional command in 1915. He commanded the 48th (South Midland) Division for three years, including service at the Somme, Ancre, Passchendale, and on the Italian Front, before being removed from command after his corps commander objected to his defensive strategy. He was relegated to commanding a second-line home service division, and retired from the army in 1918. Early military career
Fanshawe was born in 1863, the youngest son of the <mask>, of Chilworth, Oxfordshire.After attending Marlborough College, Fanshawe joined the 2nd Battalion of the newly formed Oxfordshire Light Infantry, the former 52nd (Oxfordshire) Regiment of Foot, in 1883. He spent the next sixteen years with the regiment, primarily on service in India, during which he was promoted to captain on 15 April 1892, and served in the Tirah Campaign of 1897–1898. He was the younger son of three brothers with significant military careers; Edward (b. 1859) joined the artillery and Hew (b. 1860) joined the cavalry, all three rising to command corps or divisions during the First World War. He entered the Staff College, Camberley at the beginning of 1899, but following the outbreak of the Second Boer War, he was sent to South Africa that November, to serve on the Inspector-General's staff. He saw service at the Relief of Kimberley and the Battle of Paardeberg (February 1900), where he was wounded; later, in April 1900, he was made adjutant of the 6th Battalion Mounted Infantry, and on 2 September 1900 promoted to major.In 1901, he took command of a mobile column, which he commanded to the end of the war. He received the local rank of lieutenant colonel whilst holding this command, on 27 January 1902. For his service in South Africa, he was mentioned in despatches twice and awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO). Following the end of the war in June 1902, Fanshawe returned to the United Kingdom in the SS Dunottar Castle, which arrived at Southampton the following month. In September 1902 he was posted to the staff of the 4th Division on Salisbury Plain as deputy assistant adjutant-general, after he received the brevet promotion to lieutenant colonel on 22 August 1902. He returned to his regiment in 1903. He commanded the 2nd Battalion from 1907 to 1911, when he was promoted colonel and posted as chief of staff (GSO.1) to the 1st Division.First World War
At the outbreak of the First World War, <mask>'s division was mobilised as part of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) for service in France. On 20 September 1914, he was appointed an acting Brigadier-General to command the 6th Brigade, part of the 2nd Division. He led the brigade through the First Battle of Ypres and the Battle of Festubert in early 1915, where it played a key part in the initial successful night attack. In mid-June, he was promoted to take over the 48th (South Midland) Division, a Territorial Force (TF) unit, after its previous General Officer Commanding (GOC), Major-General Henry Heath, fell ill. He commanded the division at the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of the Ancre, and the Battle of Passchendaele, then on the Italian Front from late 1917 onwards, including the Austrian offensives of June 1918. Fanshawe spent a good deal of time visiting front-line units, where he "liked to drift into the trench in an old raincoat so that men were not intimidated" and would sometimes venture out with a single escort to patrol no-man's land. More unusually, he had a habit of giving his soldiers chocolates when he met them returning from the lines or on inspections.Such behaviour scandalised his staff officers, who were privately disapproving of Fanshawe's informality with his troops but it did not lead to the disapproval of his superiors; in September 1917, a confidential report by Ivor Maxse, his corps commander, had judged him to be "a good average divisional commander and trainer". Fanshawe was strongly in favour of elastic defence, where a lightly garrisoned front line would delay an enemy attack, and then a strong counter-attack would recapture lost ground, and had been training 48th Division in this mould since he took command in 1915; the Italian theatre was the first opportunity to put this approach fully into practice. The 48th Division was attacked on 15 June 1918 by the Austrians at the Battle of the Piave River; in keeping with the plan, leading elements fell back and a counter-attack was organised, recapturing the lost ground and stalling the offensive entirely. Whilst a success, this result was greeted with dismay by the corps commander, the Earl of Cavan; he was a believer in a more traditional strongly held static line of defence and felt that Fanshawe did not need to have given up any ground at all. Fanshawe was quickly relieved of his command and ordered home, leaving Italy four days after the end of the battle, on 20 June. Francis Mackay wrote that it was the dismissal of a general who had a sound defensive plan applied by officers and men of high morale and confidence. The Italians, senior partners at Asiago, frequently sacked senior officers who had suffered setbacks in battle.Lord Cavan, who succeeded Herbert Plumer as GOC of the British Forces in Italy, may have played a political and unpleasant hand in dismissing Fanshawe. Cavan thought that after his briefing of 14 June, Fanshawe should have reinforced the front line in the face of an expected Austrian attack. Cavan had also failed to spot the weaknesses and did not change the battle disposition when he visited Fanshawe at his battle headquarters. As a commander, Fanshawe allowed his troops to suffer unnecessary casualties, which, in 1918, was a cause for dismissal. Despite preparations for a British attack, there was no British artillery support to stem the Austrian advance. MacKay also reports that the Official History records that Fanshawe may have lost his grip on the battle on the morning of 15 June 1918. Fanshawe was respected throughout the 48th Division.He trained his commanders to use their initiative in the Battle of the Woods and Clouds, where lines of sight and communications were very limited. Yet his Battle Narrative is inadequate, inaccurate and trite, but it sheds no light on his sacking. He left, uncomplainingly, gentlemanly to the end and did not see further active service. Many officers in the 48th Division complained for years about his dishonourable treatment. He was appointed to command the 69th (2nd East Anglian) Division on home service in November 1918. Through the war, he was mentioned in despatches eight times, as well as knighted. After the war
He retired from the army in August 1919; he later served as the honorary colonel of the 1st/7th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment, a TF unit that formed part of the 48th Division.He died in 1946, aged eighty-three, after falling from his horse, and is buried near Oxford. References

References
 "FANSHAWE, Maj.-Gen. <mask>", in
 Obituary notice in The Times, 26 August 1946, p. 7

|-

1863 births
1946 deaths
British Army generals of World War I
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British military personnel of the Tirah campaign
Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry officers
British Army personnel of the Second Boer War

masks:
Sir Robert Fanshawe
Robert
Reverend Henry Leighton Fanshawe
Fanshawe
Sir Robert


texts:
<mask> (born April 22, 1951 in Newark, New Jersey) is a journalist, music historian, radio personality, record producer, and self-described "landmark preservationist". His stated mission has been to "find things on the scrapheap of history that I know don't belong there and salvage them." Those "things" have included such previously overlooked but now-celebrated icons as composer/bandleader/electronic music pioneer Raymond Scott, Space Age Pop avatar Esquivel, illustrator/fine artist Jim Flora, various outsider musicians (including William "Shooby" Taylor, a.k.a. "The Human Horn"), and The Langley Schools Music Project. Chusid calls himself "a connoisseur of marginalia," while admitting he's "a terrible barometer of popular taste." He oversees the catalog of the late Afrofuturist artist/composer/bandleader Sun Ra and administers Ra's music rights on behalf of the artist's heirs. His journalism has appeared in Mojo, The New York Times, Film Comment, Mix magazine, New York Press, Pulse!and other publications. In 2021 he authored a biography of 19th century baseball legend Joe Start for the Society for American Baseball Research's BioProject. Chusid has lived in Hoboken, New Jersey, since 1992. He describes his political views as "leaning libertarian". Radio
Since 1975 Chusid has been a DJ on free-form radio station WFMU, where he hosted an unpredictable and idiosyncratic weekly program whose content he calls "genre-surfing tokenism". In June 2020, he left the weekly schedule, but remains on the air staff. Prior to his involvement at WFMU, he worked briefly at WPKN radio from 1969-1971 while an undergrad at the University of Bridgeport (which he left after two years); in 1977, while living in New Orleans, he hosted a weekly program on WTUL.In 1988, he served as a comedy writer for author/humorist Tom Bodett's syndicated radio series, The End of the Road. In the late 1970s, Chusid was one of the first DJs to regularly air recordings of Jandek, The Shaggs, Lucia Pamela, and R. Stevie Moore on the radio. In the early 1980s he programmed a weekly segment entitled The Atrocious Music Hour, which featured recordings from such non-musical celebrities as William Shatner and Leonard Nimoy. This subgenre was eventually chronicled by Rhino Records on their  Golden Throats series of albums, for which Chusid authored liner notes. These compilations contributed to Shatner's revived celebrity, albeit with overtones of self-parody. Between 1997 and 2002 Chusid was the co-host (with Michelle Boulé) of the Incorrect Music Hour on WFMU. From 2005 to 2007 he programmed vintage Calypso, Soca, Goombay, and Mento on a one-hour weekly program entitled Muriel's Treasure.Music projects
Chusid is credited with the rediscovery and popularization of the "Space Age Bachelor Pad" music of Juan García Esquivel, which helped spark the 1990s resurgence of vintage exotica and lounge music. He compiled the first CD reissues of Esquivel and Raymond Scott, and manages the musical estates of both deceased composers/bandleaders. He has produced landmark reissues by The Shaggs, Sun Ra, Wendy and Bonnie, Judson Fountain, Lucia Pamela, and Alabama folk-art ensemble The Clouds, while penning liner notes for dozens of CD and LP releases on a multitude of labels. He produced Raymond Scott Rewired, an album of Scott remixes by The Bran Flakes, The Evolution Control Committee, and Go Home Productions, which was released in February 2014 on the Basta label. In 2000, Chusid discovered two LPs of privately pressed western Canadian schoolchildren recordings made in 1976–77 by music teacher Hans Fenger. After much legwork and ten label rejections, Chusid licensed the project to Netherlands-based Basta Audio-Visuals and (for North America) Hoboken-based Bar/None Records, who in October 2001 released the recordings on a CD entitled The Langley Schools Music Project. Within one week of its release, the album went to #1 on Amazon.com.The popularity of that CD led to a VH1 documentary in 2002, which sent the CD back to #2 on Amazon.com. Jack Black's 2003 hit film School of Rock was admittedly inspired by the Langley CD. In 2005, the story rights to the project were acquired by an undisclosed Hollywood film writer/director, who hopes to bring the story to the big screen. In a dismissive review of the album, former Village Voice music critic Robert Christgau referred to Chusid as "a tedious ideologue with a hustle." In 2002, Chusid produced the sole album by the New York-based septet The Raymond Scott Orchestrette (a band he formed in 1999). That same year he produced the first solo sessions of former Suddenly, Tammy! singer/songwriter Beth Sorrentino, released in 2006 as Nine Songs, One Story.In 2011, he co-conceived and coordinated Sorrentino's album Would You Like To Go: A Curt Boettcher Songbook, a collection of reinterpretations of songs written by and/or associated with sunshine pop progenitor Curt Boettcher. (The album, produced by Sean Slade, was released in April 2013 on the Basta label. Chusid was credited as "Solicitor and Overseer.") In 2013, he undertook administration of Boettcher's publishing on behalf of the late songwriter's son, Varek Boettcher. In 1997 Chusid co-produced (with Edie Adams and Josh Mills) the Ernie Kovacs Record Collection (Varese-Sarabande), a compilation of songs and themes used by the legendary TV comedian in his programs during the 1950s and early 1960s. The package was designed by noted illustrator Chris Ware. In 2004 he curated Interesting Results: Music by a Committee of One for UK's Sonic Arts Network, a CD-publication of DIY music with cut-out figures of the featured artists.In 2010 Chusid compiled for WFMU Don't Mess With the Power Child, the first collection of late 1980s recordings by an uninhibited, hyperactive 10-year-old Alabama girl named Amanda (Whitt). These recordings aired frequently on WFMU and subsequently achieved widespread notoriety via the web. A follow-up, Let's Get Plastered and Raid Circus World, was compiled for WFMU in 2011. Besides administering the Raymond Scott, Esquivel, Bob Thompson, Sun Ra, Curt Boettcher, and Shooby Taylor musical estates, he oversees the business affairs and publishing of R. Stevie Moore, Beth Sorrentino, the Mighty Sparrow, and Wendy & Bonnie. In 2019, under his BMI imprint Railroad Town Music, he became the U.S. publisher for the works of the late jazz saxophonist Albert Ayler. In 2014 Chusid became administrator of Sun Ra LLC, the heirs who control the catalog of the late, eccentric Afrofuturist bandleader/composer. That year, he and Michael D. Anderson of the Sun Ra Music Archive co-produced a digital-only series of classic Sun Ra albums remastered for iTunes from original Sun Ra session tapes.Since then Chusid has produced, co-produced, or consulted on a series of remastered Sun Ra recordings, including previously unissued material, released on the Cosmic Myth, Modern Harmonic, Strut, and Corbett vs. Dempsey record labels. As of late 2020, there have been over 100 Sun Ra titles digitally reissued on the catalog's Bandcamp site. Chusid has provided historical annotation for many of these releases. In 2019 he co-produced (with Brother Cleve) The Barrence Whitfield Soul Savage Arkestra: Songs from the Sun Ra Cosmos (Modern Harmonic), a collection of Sun Ra covers by rock vocalist Barrence Whitfield; Chusid played drums on several tracks. Also in 2019 Chusid produced June Tyson: Saturnian Queen of the Sun Ra Arkestra (Modern Harmonic), the first compilation of recordings spotlighting singer-dancer-costume designer Tyson, the only female member of Sun Ra's Arkestra. In 2013, Chusid created the first website devoted to the late record producer Tom Wilson, including a comprehensive discography of Wilson productions. Outsider music
In a July 1996 Pulse magazine article entitled "You Want Alternative?", Chusid coined the term "outsider music", which he defines as "crackpot and visionary music, where all trails lead essentially one place: over the edge". Chusid has drawn a distinction between the terms "incorrect music" (as used on his WFMU radio program) and "outsider music", which he insists are not synonymous and overlap only slightly. Chusid has explained that Incorrect Music was a radio concept, which included all manner of musical "wrongness", often by people who should have known better, or whose sincerity was questionable. Outsider musicians, on the other hand, he defines as "artists who are often termed 'bad' or 'inept' by listeners who judge them by the standards of mainstream popular music. Yet despite dodgy rhythms and a lack of conventional tunefulness, these often self-taught artists radiate an abundance of earnestness and passion. Most importantly, they betray an absence of pretense. And they're worth listening to, often outmatching all contenders for inventiveness and originality."His book Songs in the Key of Z: The Curious Universe of Outsider Music (2000), published by A Cappella Books, covered musical oddballs and obscure visionaries. Reviewing this testament to twisted tunesmiths, Publishers Weekly commented:
He profiles 20 darlings of dissonance. Several of them -- including Tiny Tim, Captain Beefheart and Pink Floyd's former acid troubadour Syd Barrett -- have made a few compilation bangs, but the great majority have enjoyed mere dog-like whimpers of success. Take Eilert Pilarm, the Swedish Elvis; Joe Meek, who produced the 1962 instrumental hit 'Telstar' before committing suicide; and The Shaggs, three sheltered sisters from Fremont, N.H., who recorded the 'aboriginal rock' masterpiece 'Philosophy of the World'. Careful not to ridicule his more eccentrically volatile subjects (e.g., Wesley Willis and Daniel Johnston), Chusid narrates each musician's vital statistics and career with rhythm and respectful compilation wit. The book also includes brief profiles of numerous lesser-known outsider musicians, including Arcesia, Bingo Gazingo, and Y. Bhekhirst. BJ Snowden, Shooby Taylor ("The Human Horn"), Wesley Willis, and other musicians profiled in the book can be heard on two CDs produced and annotated by Chusid.Bill Meyer reviewed the first CD:
This collection is a compilation companion to <mask>'s book of the same name. It celebrates outsider music, music "so wrong it's right", and if you're drawn to sounds that make you wonder just what the musician was thinking, this collection is for you. The compilation is enthusiastically, if not always respectfully, annotated by Chusid. His selections range from the output of blissfully un-self-aware but basically functional individuals to the certifiably insane. Among the former are Lucia Pamela, an Ethel Merman sound-alike who contributes an infectiously enthusiastic celebration of "Walking on the Moon", and Congress-Woman Malinda Jackson Parker, a late Liberian lawmaker whose "Cousin Mosquito #1" cautioned against contracting insect-borne disease. The latter includes Daniel Johnston, whose "Walking the Cow" weds a sublime melody to puzzling lyrics and a toy keyboard arrangement, and Wesley Willis, who pays tribute to Chicago's "Rock 'n' Roll McDonald's". Some of the artists are quite famous (Tiny Tim), some anonymous (the unknown writer and performers of song-poem "Virgin Child of the Universe")—they're united by their blithe certitude that the world needed to hear their unlikely but singular creations.Volumes one and two of the digital audio releases of Songs in the Key of Z were reissued in expanded (25 tracks each) and remastered format in September 2013, along with all-new volumes three and four. Visual arts projects
Chusid chronicled the overlooked work of innovative record cover artist/commercial illustrator Jim Flora (1914–1998) in his colorful 180-page trade paperback, The Mischievous Art of Jim Flora (Fantagraphics, 2004). A follow-up, The Curiously Sinister Art of Jim Flora, co-authored with (former KFAI radio host) Barbara Economon, was published by Fantagraphics in February 2007. The latter book unveiled Flora's bizarre and rarely seen paintings, woodcuts, sketches, and early works. A third anthology, The Sweetly Diabolic Art of Jim Flora, was published in July 2009. A fourth book, The High Fidelity Art of Jim Flora, focusing on Flora's illustrated album covers and music ephemera for Columbia and RCA Victor Records, was published in September 2013. Chusid and Economon serve as co-archivists for the Flora collection, and produce a line of fine art prints of the artist's work.In May 2009, Chusid and Economon teamed up with artist Drew Friedman to produce an exclusive line of limited edition fine art prints of the noted illustrator's works. In 2020 Chusid curated the first website devoted to the artistic legacy of musician/painter Ayé Aton, who had played with Sun Ra for a number of years. References

External links
 <mask>d's WFMU Radio Archives
 WFMU: <mask>sid homepage
 RaymondScott.net
 Jim Flora Gallery
 Songs in the Key of Z - outsider music project
 Interview with <mask>, "Psalms in the Key of Z," MungBeing.com
 Interview with <mask>sid by Coury Turczyn, PopCult Magazine, 2005
  on WFMU, Spring 1999

1951 births
Living people
American radio DJs
American music journalists
Writers from Hoboken, New Jersey
Writers from Newark, New Jersey
University of Bridgeport alumni
Outsider music
American male non-fiction writers
Jewish American journalists
American libertarians
Record producers from New Jersey
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Irwin Chusid
Irwin Chusid
Irwin Chusi
Irwin Chu
Irwin Chusid
Irwin Chu


texts:
<mask> (; born December 1925) is a Chinese conductor. Background and early career

<mask> was born into one of the most influential families in the once thriving trading centre of Jiangyin, related both to <mask>, the famous court censor of the late Qing, and more distantly to the great <mask> family (of which the most famous scion was <mask>n) that had risen in the world from the 18th century. Though the Chinese economy flirted with depression in his early years, and no region remain unaffected by the Guomindang-CCP conflicts, and later the war against Japan, <mask> was able to enjoy a happy upbringing and a solid education in his hometown. <mask> showed early promise as a musician, winning first place at his local high school. He is an alumnus of the Nanjing () Middle School in Jiangyin, set up by the reformer Huang Tifang in the 1880s. <mask> stayed in the institution until 1945, working for the final three years as an underground member of the Chinese Communist Party, into which role he was first employed by a violinist friend. It was not until June, 1945 that <mask> went open about his involvement with the party, enrolling in the Cultural Work Division of the New Fourth Army.Following the Communist victory of 1949, he was enrolled at the Huazhong Construction University, before later moving to the arts faculty of Shandong University to study conducting. Upon graduation, <mask> conducted the music for over ten early Communist films, including an adaptation into film of Lao She's Longxu Gulley. It was not until 1955, however, that what he would later describe as a turning point in his career would occur, when <mask> won a scholarship to study at the Gnessin State Musical College. He would study here for five and a half eventful years. Moscow and the Mao years
During his stay in Moscow, <mask> attended conducting masterclasses given by Leo Ginzburg, and began conducting the resident orchestra on regular occasions. In 1960, he gave the maiden overseas performance of the Butterfly Lovers' Violin Concerto, as part of the celebrations for the 10th anniversary of the establishment of government by the Communist party. In August, 1961, <mask> returned to China, where he was appointed permanent conductor in residence for the Shanghai Symphony Orchestra.He has remained based in Shanghai for the past fifty years, taking on a number of new positions and professorships as the city continued to open up beyond the Mao years. The years before 1976 were not entirely inactive for <mask>, however. In many respects, the classical music scene in Shanghai should remembered for its liveliness in the late Mao years, with pioneer conductors including Huang Yijun, Chen Chuanxi and Wang Yongji coming to the peaks of their respective careers. In 1962, <mask> collaborated with the Shanghai Opera House to give a performance of Puccini's Madama Butterfly, followed by later collaborations for performances of Manuel Da Falla's The Three-Cornered Hat and Delibes' Coppélia. In the shifting Shanghai of 1975, <mask> was able to take his orchestra on an international tour, visiting and performing in Australia, New Zealand and Hong Kong. Professorships and charitable work, 1980s to present

A number of professorships were made available to <mask> during the 1980s, including an appointment as professor in residence at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music and Shanghai Jiao Tong University. At the same time as he was beginning the turn to teaching, and passing along the invaluable experiences of Moscow and beyond to the younger generation, so was he increasingly involved in a classical music scene in transition.<mask> gave a countless number of performances in the 1980s, which took him not only further abroad, but to places unvisited within China, where he was able to cultivate and promote people's awareness of classical music. In 1986, a year when he was recognised by his adopted city Shanghai for his achievements with the city award for "Achievements in the Culture and Arts", <mask> also accepted an invitation to conduct over 30 performances of classical music in southern China's Fujian province. Similar success followed in the 1990s, when <mask>, now in his sixties, took on responsibilities for the burgeoning orchestral music scene in Shanghai, conducting the Shanghai People's Orchestra () from 1992, later also the orchestra of the Nanyang Middle School. In 1993, at the age of 68, <mask> was employed by the Hong Kong record label HNH to record a 50-CD anthology of modern Chinese classical music. <mask> was also an early pioneer in the relaxing of tensions and building of cross-straits ties in the 1990s, heading the first classical music delegation to perform in Kaohsiung and other places throughout Taiwan in 1995, where he, incidentally, conducted publicly for the first time his daughter, the violinist Xia Xiaocao (). Though he no longer keeps a schedule as demanding as that he kept in the 1990s, <mask> has remained involved in a number of orchestras into the new millennium. He still regularly takes delegations abroad to perform, notably in France and Japan, and has set up two other, pathbreaking orchestras under the Cao Peng Music Center, established in 2005 - the Shanghai Student Orchestra and the Sound of Angel Salon, the latter of which trains autistic children to engage with their surroundings through music.He has also continued to conduct film scores, totalling over 100 over the course of his career. Awards

<mask> has received many awards for his services to classical music and education inside China, including:

“Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Musical Performance”, awarded by the State Council. “Prize for Pioneer Work Done in the Service of Chinese Culture”, awarded by the Central Affairs Committee. The inaugural prize for “Arts and Literature” awarded by the Shanghai city Cultural Union. “Prize for Outstanding Work in the Service of Education in Shanghai”, awarded by the Shanghai Educational Bureau. An honorary prize awarded by Baogang steel. Honorary prize on various occasions for services to the high arts.Shanghai City Model Elderly Citizen Top Ten Award. Double Personal Award for Contribution after Retirement to the Service of Society (Shanghai and National award). In addition, concerts were held in his honour marking 40, 50, and most recently 60 years of conducting. See also
Shanghai City Symphonic Orchestra

References

External links
Brief Biop, with more on <mask>'s training in Moscow, 1955 - 1961 (Chinese)
Biography of conductor <mask>, and much more available on the website

1925 births
Living people
Chinese conductors (music)
People's Republic of China musicians
Musicians from Wuxi
21st-century conductors (music)

masks:
Cao Peng
Cao Peng
Cao Yuyuan
Cao
Cao Xueqi
Cao
Cao Peng
Cao Peng
Cao
Cao
Cao Peng
Cao Peng
Cao
Cao
Cao Peng
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao
Cao Peng
Cao Peng


texts:
Michael Jones (born June 13, 1962), better known by his ring name <mask> (a reference to Dusty Rhodes' given name), is an American professional wrestler and actor. He is known for his eight-year tenure in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), primarily as Ted DiBiase's personal assistant. In his four-year tenure in World Championship Wrestling (WCW), he went under the ring names Vincent (a reference to Vince McMahon), Shane (a reference to Shane McMahon), Curly Bill (where he was a member of the West Texas Rednecks), and under his real name (in which he lost every match). He has recently made appearances for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) under the ring name Soul Train Jones. Professional wrestling career

Championship Wrestling Association (1985–1987)
After a standout amateur career, Jones started wrestling professionally as Soul Train Jones in the Championship Wrestling Association based in Memphis, Tennessee in 1985. He feuded with Chick Donovan and Big Bubba. He also made appearances in ICW with the Soul Train Jones gimmick.World Wrestling Federation (1986–1994, 1995)

Ted DiBiase's bodyguard and Million Dollar Champion (1986–1991)
Moving to the World Wrestling Federation (WWF), he first appeared as a jobber wrestling under the name Lucius Brown, losing a squash match to "Mr. Wonderful" Paul Orndorff in Salisbury, MD on September 17, 1986. He then went on to debut in the summer of 1987 as <mask>, the bodyguard for "Million Dollar Man" Ted DiBiase. His stage name, thought up by Bobby Heenan, was meant as a jab against then-World Championship Wrestling (WCW) wrestler and booker <mask>, better known as Dusty Rhodes. <mask> carried DiBiase's cash that he liked to flaunt and was the one who got beaten up while DiBiase ran away after a devious act against a face. He would also occasionally be used in a wrestling capacity against DiBiase's rivals to try and soften them up; he would lose matches to such names as Randy Savage, Hercules and Jake Roberts. <mask> was increasingly humiliated by DiBiase and eventually turned on him, hitting him with his own Million Dollar Title belt at the Royal Rumble in January 1991, making him a fan favorite.After befriending and training with Roddy Piper, he defeated DiBiase by count-out at WrestleMania VII and pinned him for the belt on August 26, 1991 at SummerSlam. He lost the belt back to DiBiase in November of that year as a result of outside interference by the Repo Man. At the This Tuesday in Texas PPV, Repo Man and DiBiase defeated <mask> and Tito Santana. Various storylines and departure (1992–1994, 1995)
At WrestleMania VIII, <mask> teamed with Big Boss Man, Sgt. Slaughter, and Jim Duggan to defeat The Nasty Boys (Brian Knobs and Jerry Sags), Repo Man, and The Mountie. <mask> pinned Knobs following a heel miscommunication. He would then primarily be used to put over numerous rising talents, losing to Nailz at SummerSlam and Yokozuna at Survivor Series.However, he did receive a shot at Bret Hart's WWF World Heavyweight Championship on the November 21, 1992 episode of WWF Superstars. After a valiant effort, <mask> submitted to Hart's Sharpshooter. After the match, the two shook hands out of respect. <mask> then remained in the undercard, losing to Johnny Polo on a tour of Ontario in November 1993. <mask>'s last appearance on a PPV event was the 1994 Royal Rumble where he was a late substitute for Kamala. His last notable feud was with a returning Nikolai Volkoff in the Summer of 1994. However he continued to perform on television and on the house show circuit for the WWF until he was released that August.He was booked per appearance in May/June 1995 for house show matches against Jean-Pierre LaFitte in Western Canada and the US Midwest. World Championship Wrestling (1996–2000)

New World Order (1996–1999)
Following two years on the independent scene, he appeared in WCW as Vincent in 1996, where he was the "Head of Security" for the nWo. His name was meant to be a mockery of WWF owner Vince McMahon. His role was originally meant for Charles Wright and WCW had verbally agreed to a contract with Wright, but signed Jones instead, reportedly after Jones offered to work for less than Wright. Jones had minor success when first arriving, winning a few matches on the low profile WCW Saturday Night. Rarely wrestling, he often valeted nWo members such as Scott Norton, Scott Steiner, Konnan, and Brian Adams. Jones, like his role in the WWF, would again take the brunt of the beatings as other nWo members scurried away.Vincent's first PPV match with WCW was at Starrcade 1997, when he teamed with Norton and Randy Savage to defeat The Steiner Brothers and Ray Traylor. His next match on pay-per-view came in November 1998, when he unsuccessfully competed in the 60-man Battle Royal match at World War 3. His first (and only) WCW PPV singles match was a "Harlem Street Fight" match (which he lost) at Uncensored in March 1999 against fellow nWo Black & White member Stevie Ray. He was part of the nWo Hollywood faction when the stable split in the Spring of 1998, and then part of the Black & White (B-Team) after the nWo reunited in January 1999. He was one of the last remaining members of the nWo when it quietly dissolved in late Summer of 1999. Various gimmicks (1999–2000)
Vincent's only WCW singles match on pay per view came at Uncensored 1999 when he was on the losing end of a Harlem Street Fight against his nWo Black and White partner Stevie Ray. During the 'Powers That Be' angle in fall of 1999, Jones was renamed Shane, a reference to WWF owner Vince McMahon's son Shane McMahon.During this time Jones teamed with Curt Hennig and the Harris Brothers (known briefly as Creative Control), doing Vince Russo's bidding. In late 1999, he joined the West Texas Rednecks under the name of Curly Bill, but the faction split shortly after. His last role for the company saw him managing Ernest "The Cat" Miller under the name Mr. Jones, but he was soon replaced by a valet named Ms. Jones. He would then go on to compete under his real name, Mike Jones, for the remainder of his days in WCW. Independent circuit (2000–present)

Following his departure from WCW, he retired from wrestling, and worked as a high school math teacher in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In April 2006, Jones toured Asia at different US Military installations as part of the Morale, Welfare, and Recreation program for soldiers stationed overseas. He wrestled as Vincent of the nWo against one of the Ballard Brothers dressed as Doink the Clown in the second to last match during this tour.On November 28, 2008, Jones returned to the ring as "<mask>" and wrestled for Next Era Wrestling in Lockport, NY, in a tag match with Patrick O'Malley, defeating Ryot and Superbeast. He then appeared at a Total Nonstop Action (TNA) show. Shortly prior to January 31, 2009 in Manchester, England, <mask> had produced a promo for UK fan convention WrestleSlam 2 calling out Liverpool independent wrestler The Vulture for a proposed 'shoot'. However, when The Vulture arrived at the event, <mask> instead offered him a T-shirt. On July 2, 2009, Jones returned to the ring, once again, in Summerside, Prince Edward Island, as <mask>, this time for Ultimate Championship Wrestling (UCW). On April 5, 2019, <mask>, dressed as the character Starman from NES Pro Wrestling, appeared for Joey Janela's Spring Break 3, where he defeated Ethan Page. Return to WWE (2010)
On the May 17, 2010 episode of Monday Night Raw from Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Jones returned to WWE reprising his <mask> bodyguard character, this time with Ted DiBiase, Jr.He carried out all of his old actions, such as holding the ropes open for DiBiase and bringing him a microphone when asked. On the June 14 episode of Raw, <mask> and DiBiase were in a tag team match against Big Show and Raw guest host Mark Feuerstein. After <mask> got pinned and lost the match, DiBiase stuffed a $100 bill in <mask>'s mouth and walked out on him. The following week DiBiase first apologized to <mask>, but then fired him and replaced him with Maryse. All Elite Wrestling (2019)
On the November 6, 2019 episode of AEW Dynamite, <mask>, under his old ring name of Soul Train Jones, appeared in a video package for All Elite Wrestling (AEW) as an ally of Chris Jericho and The Inner Circle. The promo, meant to mock an earlier promo from Cody Rhodes (whom Jericho was feuding with at the time) and saw Jones compare Jericho's talents to Olive Garden breadsticks as "unlimited", received critical praise from fans. On the November 27 episode of AEW Dynamite, Jones started off the show by introducing Jericho for Chris Jericho's Thanksgiving Thank You Celebration for Le Champion, which was ultimately interrupted by SoCal Uncensored.After wrestling
After wrestling, Jones has been attending conventions and has been seen at subway stations selling autographs; as a result, since 2012, there have been "Lonely Virgil" memes created where fans posted pictures of him at conventions with nobody lining up. Lonely Virgil was originally created by Sam Roberts of the Opie and Anthony Radio Show. In 2014, Jones appeared in the Jason Michael Brescia film, Bridge and Tunnel as Kony, a neighborhood barfly. Jones was cast in the film after he met actor-producer Joe Murphy while selling autographs at Grand Central Station. In 2017 he reprised the role in Brescia's follow-up film, (Romance) In the Digital Age, released by Comedy Dynamics. In July 2015, a documentary featuring <mask> was released entitled The Legend of Virgil & His Traveling Merchandise Table, which discusses Jones' wrestling career and the recent upsurge of social media discussions surrounding <mask>. In an interview with ESPN.com in 2016, DiBiase revealed that he and Jones had a falling out over Jones booking independent wrestling shows for the two without DiBiase's knowledge, which led to DiBiase unknowingly no-showing the events.DiBiase had to apologize to the promotions for the unintentional no-shows and had to stress that Jones doesn't represent him for bookings. He appeared on the "Old School" episode of The Edge and Christian Show on the WWE Network in 2016. In July 2017, <mask> appeared on a live broadcast of Jim Norton & Sam Roberts in Montreal, Canada on SiriusXM. On December 1, 2017, he wrestled a match in Blackpool UK at a PCW event held at the Blackpool Tower Circus. On May 7, 2020, <mask> appeared on a live auction at Game Vault in Uniontown, PA. <mask> was joined by soon to be Vault Championship Wrestling Champ "Mean" Mark Lincoln and owner Boss Dawson. On September 10, 2020, <mask> was signed to a deal making him Boss Dawson's bodyguard. On December 20, 2020, Boss Dawson once again recruited <mask> for the Game Vault online auction.While Vigil has become a regular guest on the show, this time he was dressed as Santa Claus. After spending the day livestreaming surprise visits to several families in their homes, <mask> and Dawson sold limited edition autographed photos of <mask> outside of the Olive Garden in Uniontown Pennsylvania, dressed as Santa Claus, eating a breadstick. Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Association
AWA International Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Rocky Johnson
New Jack City Wrestling
NJCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 74 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992
Ranked No. 483 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI Years in 2003
United States Wrestling League
USWL Intercontinental Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Federation
Million Dollar Championship (1 time)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter
 Best Gimmick (1996) – nWo
 Feud of the Year (1996) New World Order vs. World Championship Wrestling

Notes

References

External links

1962 births
African-American male professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Black conservatism in the United States
Living people
Million Dollar Champions
Professional wrestling managers and valets
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
The New World Order (professional wrestling) members
University of Virginia alumni
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil Runnels
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
Virgil
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<mask>, ComC (27 January 1757, in Vienna – 18 October 1817) was a field marshal and officer of the Portuguese army who served France at the end of his military career. History

Early life
<mask>  was the son of <mask> (? – 11 November 1770), Portuguese ambassador to the Austrian court, and his wife Maria Anna Elisabeth, Countess Schaffgotsch (9 October 1738 – November 27, 1787), who was from an old noble family of Bohemia related to the second wife of the Marquis of Pombal. Freire spent his youth in Vienna, where he received the classical education customarily given to the children of the nobility, excelling in science and mathematics. Whether through his lessons or life experience, Freire became fluent in Portuguese, German and French; and remained devoted to the arts, literature and philosophy throughout his life. His father was an ally of the Marquis of Pombal in his campaign against the Society of Jesus in Portugal, but died in 1770, when Freire was 13 years old, leaving the family in dire straits. Freire was forced to remain in Vienna until he could accumulate funds, then moved to France where he joined the service of the French diplomat <mask> for several years before finally achieving his goal of living in Portugal.He went there in February 1781 at the age of 24, having acquired a knighthood in the Order of Christ from the Portuguese government to facilitate the process. Military service
Destined for a military career from childhood, his father desiring him to have a career in the army and continue the family tradition of military service, Freire joined the Portuguese army as an infantry cadet in September 1782. After completing his training, he was promoted to lieutenant and assigned to the 5th Company of the infantry regiment stationed at Peniche. Freire then went into the Portuguese Royal Navy, embarking in 1784 with an auxiliary squadron sent to assist the Spanish naval forces of Charles III of Spain in the shelling of Algiers. He returned to Lisbon in September, where he was promoted to lieutenant, and in April 1788 volunteered to rejoin the army, and returned to his old regiment with the rank of staff sergeant. When Russia went to war with Turkey, Freire obtained an appointment to serve in the army of Catherine II and left for St. Petersburg, where he made a favorable impression on the royal court and the empress herself. During the campaign of 1788 – 1789, commanded by Prince Potemkin, Freire served with distinction in the Crimean War, on the plains of the Danube and particularly at the Siege of Ochakov, where he was among the first in his regiment on the front lines when the garrison surrendered on 17 October 1788 after a prolonged siege.Freire was overlooked when decorations were awarded for service in battle, denying him the Order of St. George. He protested, and importuned Colonel Markoff for his due certificates of heroism, leading the empress to reward him with a ceremonial sword and the rank of Colonel of the Imperial Russian Army, which rank was confirmed in absentia by the Portuguese army in 1790. Later, fighting with the Prince of Nassau's squadron in the naval battle of Svensksund, Freire was rescued after Swedish cannons destroyed the "floating battery" he commanded. Although Freire lost his crew, he eventually was decorated with the Order of St. George, one of the most esteemed military orders of Russia; receiving it not from the hands of the empress, as has been said, but from the Prince of Nassau on her behalf. There was gossip at court that Andrade had amorous feelings for the empress, seemingly confirmed by the rise of disagreements between him and Prince Potemkin, known to be her favorite. Freire returned to Lisbon, where he was assigned to the Marquês das Minas regiment, part of the division Portugal was sending to assist Spain against the French Republic, and about to sail for Catalonia. Having arrived in Lisbon on the eve of the departure of the fleet, Freire did not accompany the expedition by sea, but hurried overland across Spain to take command of the regiment.The Portuguese army arrived in Catalonia with a force of five thousand men under the command of General John Forbes, disembarking at the port of Roses near Barcelona on 11 November 1793. Among the officers of the expedition were foreigners including the Duke of Northumberland, general and peer of England, the Prince of Luxembourg Montmorency, the Count of Chalons and the Count Liautaud. Shortly after arriving at Roses, the Portuguese division left for Céret, while the regiments of Freire <mask>rade and Cascais proceeded to occupy the village of Rebós at the front lines. The passage on the road from Roses to Céret having been made during a violent storm, they arrived completely soaked and fatigued by their accelerated march; in spite of this, they soon had to run to the trenches by the bridge over the River Tech at Céret to aid the Spanish army, which already was preparing to attack. <mask>'s regiment made a brilliant debut in battle, and the French were defeated on 26 November 1793. Freire subsequently pitched camp in Arles, where he set up winter quarters for the Second Brigade. There, according to Latino Coelho, he began to show his restless and undisciplined spirit, "...the haughty courage of the Colonel abrogated full submission and fomented indiscipline throughout the division."Despite the Spanish-Portuguese army's defeat of the French Republican forces, its campaign in Roussillon would become a trap: the Spanish having 18,000 wounded men in hospital and the Portuguese a thousand men incapacitated, while the French received constant reinforcements. On 29 April 1794, General Dugommier attacked the left flank of the Spanish army, which was made up of units of the Portuguese division. The Portuguese sustained fire from daybreak till two in the afternoon, yet, remarkably, were able to save the day for the Spanish army. Freire was initiated into Freemasonry before 1785, probably in the Vienna Masonic lodge Zur gekrönten Hoffnung (To Hope Crowned) an organization to which he is known to have belonged together with <mask> Mozart by 1790, attaining the rank of Worshipful Master of the Regeneration. In 1801 a meeting was held in his home which led to the organization of Portuguese Freemasonry, with the subsequent creation in 1802 of the Grande Oriente Lusitano, the oldest Portuguese Masonic order, of which he became the 5th Grand Master, c. 1815–1817. Freire also belonged to the Portuguese Military Lodge, Chevaliers de la Croix (Knights of the Cross) in Grenoble, between 1808 and 1813. End of Napoleonic Wars, charges of conspiracy
Having returned to Portugal to join the Portuguese Legion organised by Jean-Andoche Junot and under the command of the <mask> Alorna, Freire left for France in April 1808, where he was received by Napoleon Bonaparte on  1 June, and subsequently took part in the French invasion of Russia.Portugal was freed in 1811 of its occupation by French troops with Marshal Masséna's retreat. Following the final defeat of Napoleon in 1815, <mask> returned to Portugal in 1817, where he was soon implicated in and accused of leading a conspiracy against the monarchy of King John VI, who, although in exile in Brazil, was still represented by the Regency in mainland Portugal under the British military government of Marshal William Carr Beresford. Freire was arrested, imprisoned, sentenced to death and hanged on 18 October (although he asked to be shot) next to the Fort of São Julião da Barra in Oeiras, for the crime of treason along with eleven other people, including Colonel Manuel Monteiro <mask>, the Majors José Campelo <mask> and Jose da Fonseca Neves and eight army officers. The bodies of <mask> <mask> and some of the others were decapitated, burnt, and their ashes thrown into the sea. This date was for more than a century a day of mourning in Portuguese Freemasonry, and even today Freire is revered as one of the great Masons and a martyr for liberty, having numerous lodges named after him and many initiates choosing his as their symbolic name. After the trial and execution of <mask> <mask> and other accused conspirators, Beresford sailed to Brazil to request expanded powers over the Portuguese military. He had intended to suspend execution of the sentence until it was confirmed by the sovereign, "but the Regency took offence at the very suggestion, as if sensing an intention to usurp authority, and ordered him in an imperious and arrogant manner to proceed immediately in implementing it."This action on the part of the Regency and Lord Beresford aroused public protests and intensified anti-British sentiment throughout Portugal, leading to the Liberal Revolution of 1820 (Revolução Liberal) and the fall of Beresford (1820), who was prevented from landing in Lisbon upon his return from Brazil. Promotion and Units

References

 This article incorporates text translated from a publication now in the public domain: "Portugal; diccionario historico, biographico, bibliographico, heraldico, chorographico, numismatico e artistico", by Esteves Pereira. 1757 births
1817 deaths
Military personnel from Vienna
Portuguese generals
Portuguese military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Portuguese Freemasons
People executed by Portugal by hanging
Peninsular War
18th-century Portuguese military personnel
19th-century Portuguese military personnel
19th-century executions by Portugal

masks: Anthony Ambrose Pereira Freire de Andrade e Castro


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Matilda Alice Powles (13May 186416September 1952) was an English music hall performer. She adopted the stage name <mask> and became one of the best-known male impersonators of her era. Her career lasted from 1869 until 1920. Starting in provincial theatres with her father as manager, she performed her first season in London in 1874. She typically performed as a dandy or fop, also playing other roles. She found additional success as a principal boy in pantomime. By the 1890s, <mask> was England's highest earning woman.She was also a star in the vaudeville circuit in the United States, touring a total of six times. She married Walter de Frece, a theatre impresario who became her new manager and songwriter. At a Royal Command Performance in 1912, she scandalised Queen Mary because she was wearing trousers. During the First World War she was known as "England’s greatest recruiting sergeant" since she sang patriotic songs dressed in khaki fatigues like a soldier and promoted enlistment drives. Becoming Lady de Frece in 1919, she decided to retire and made a year-long farewell tour from which all profits went to children's hospitals. Her last performance was in 1920 at the Coliseum Theatre, London. She then supported her husband when he became a Member of Parliament and later retired with him to Monte Carlo.She died in 1952 on a visit to London and is buried at Putney Vale Cemetery. Her life story was commemorated in the 1957 film After the Ball. Early years

Matilda Alice Powles was born at Commandery Street, Worcester on 13May 1864. She was the second child out of a total of thirteen and shared her first name with her mother Matilda Powles (née Broughton). Her father was Henry Powles, known as Harry Ball. He was a musician who became master of ceremonies at the Theatre Royal, Gloucester and later the St George's Hall in Nottingham. With her father's encouragement, Powles first appeared on stage at the age of three and by six she was appearing to sing songs dressed as a man.She began her professional career in 1869 and was to be on the stage until 1920. Her first character of note was "Pocket Sims Reeves", spoofing the act of the then-famous opera singer Sims Reeves by performing his songs such as "The Anchor's Weighed". She would later perform male roles exclusively, saying that "I felt that I could express myself better if I were dressed as a boy." At the time, British music hall entertainment was increasingly popular and Powles' fame grew as she became older. By 1872, her father had quit his job to manage her career full-time and she was supporting her family. In 1874, she did her first season in London, performing as the Great Little Tilley at three venues every night. Edward Villiers, then manager at the Canterbury Music Hall in Lambeth, was concerned by the gender ambiguity
of the performance name and suggested a change.Harry Ball decided upon <mask> <mask>. "Vesta" referred to both the Latin word for virgin and Swan Vesta, a brand of safety matches; "<mask>" was a diminutive of her name Matilda. She was billed as <mask> <mask> for the first time in April 1878, when performing at the Royal Music Hall in Holborn, London. Stardom

<mask>'s success continued into the 1880s and she was able to command ever higher fees for her performances. As a male impersonator she typically performed as a dandy or a fop, a famous character being "Burlington Bertie" although she also played other roles such as policemen and clergymen. By the 1890s, she was known as "the London Idol" and adored by her fans. Her father had died in 1888 and two years later she married Walter de Frece, a theatre impresario who owned music halls across Great Britain.Frece became her new manager and also began to write her songs. She toured extensively in Britain and also played the vaudeville circuit in the United States on six separate visits. She had become the highest-earning woman in England. One theatre in the US offered her a salary of $600 per week. <mask> was known for her painstaking attention to detail in preparing for her roles: she wore her hair tightly plaited and hidden under a wig; she took to wearing men's underwear so her appearance looked believable, since contemporary women's underclothing would have distorted her shape. Her performances were always family-friendly, unlike other acts. She had found her niche, performing as a male impersonator and working-class men adored her mockery of the upper classes.From the 1870s onwards, women also went to music halls and they revelled in <mask>'s independence. By 1912, music hall entertainments had become so famous that a Royal Command Performance was organised. <mask> sang a favourite song, "The Piccadilly Johnny with the Little Glass Eye" wearing trousers as part of her act. Queen Mary was scandalised to see a woman's legs and hid her face behind a programme. Alongside other stars such as Dan Leno and Ada Reeve, <mask> made some of the first sound recordings in England in 1898. She also played the principal boy in a number of pantomimes. At the age of 13 she played Robinson Crusoe at the New Theatre Royal in Portsmouth.She was best known for her titular role in Dick Whittington, which she played many times. She often performed in male roles in pantomimes such as Beauty and the Beast and Sinbad the Sailor, and occasionally played female parts, such as the Queen of Hearts at the Theatre Royal, Brighton. Wartime work

By the time the First World War began, <mask>'s career was slowing down and the changing situation provided a chance for it to develop further. She and her husband ran military recruitment drives and she sang at charity events. <mask> dressed in khaki fatigues and performed numbers written by her husband such as "Jolly Good Luck to the Girl Who Loves a Soldier", "The Army of Today's All Right", "Six Days' Leave", and "Your King and Country Want You" (also known as "We Don't Want to Lose You but We Think You Ought to Go"). She was nicknamed "England’s greatest recruiting sergeant" since young men were sometimes asked to join the army during her show. Over the course of a week in Hackney, she enlisted so many people they became known as "The Vesta Tilley Platoon".However, <mask> was also prepared to question the carnage of war. In "I'm Glad I've Got a Bit of a Blighty One", she sang about a soldier who was delighted to have been wounded in battle because it would allow him to go back to England (Blighty). Retirement

After the war, music halls declined in popularity. Walter de Frece was knighted in the 1919 King's Birthday Honours List for his services to the war effort, with <mask> becoming Lady de Frece. De Frece decided to run for Parliament and <mask> chose to end her stage career. Her farewell tour took a year to complete, between 1919 and 1920. All proceeds were given to a local children's hospital.She made her final appearance at the Coliseum Theatre, London on Saturday 5 June 1920 (at the age of 56). In its review, The Times called it a "wonderful night" and commented that at the end she was "gradually being submerged under the continuous stream of bouquets". Walter de Frece became a Conservative Member of Parliament (MP), first for Ashton-under-Lyne and later for Blackpool. In 1923, Tilley was presented at the royal court as Lady de Frece. Her husband served as an MP until 1931 and then the couple moved to Monte Carlo for their retirement. Her autobiography, Recollections of <mask> <mask>, was published in 1934. After her husband died in 1935, <mask> <mask> continued to live in Monte Carlo.<mask> died whilst visiting London on 16 September 1952, aged 88. Her body was buried alongside her husband, at Putney Vale Cemetery. Her life story was commemorated in the 1957 film After the Ball. References

External links

Photographs of <mask> <mask>, held by the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Portraits of <mask> <mask>, held by the National Portrait Gallery, London
Vesta Tilley cylinder recordings, from the UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive at the University of California, Santa Barbara Library. Further reading

20th-century English women singers
20th-century English singers
1864 births
1952 deaths
British drag kings
Actresses from Worcestershire
Comedians from Worcestershire
English impressionists (entertainers)
English women comedians
English stage actresses
English film actresses
English silent film actresses
Music hall performers
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Vaudeville performers
English expatriates in Monaco
British women in World War I
20th-century English actresses
People from Worcester, England
20th-century English comedians
19th-century English actresses
19th-century British women singers
Wives of knights

masks:
Vesta Tilley
Tilley
Vesta
Tilley
Tilley
Vesta
Tilley
Tilley
Tilley
Tilley
Tilley
Tilley
Tilley
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<mask>  Santhanam is an Indian film producer he was born at Thangachi madam village (Rameswaram Island). He completed his post-graduation in engineering at Anna University(Guindy). He is a prominent businessman in
Chennai, who has made Tamil films under his production house, RS Infotainment. He made his directorial debut with the 2012 romantic thriller Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal (2012). Career

2009-2012: Breakthrough in the Tamil film industry
<mask> was first announced as "a businessman passionate about the film industry" in an article by the Economic Times in 2009, and it was announced that he would collaborate with his business partner R. Jayaraman as a part of RS Infotainment to be the producers of Gautham Vasudev Menon's Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa (2010) alongside VTV Ganesh and Escape Artists Motion Pictures' Madan. The romantic coming-of-age story featured Silambarasan and Trisha Krishnan in the lead roles, while A. R. Rahman composed the film's score and soundtrack. Upon release, it achieved positive reviews, with several critics giving "modern classic" status, whilst also becoming a commercially successful venture.His next venture, Ko (2011) directed by K. V. Anand and starring Jiiva, Karthika Nair and Piaa Bajpai, also opened to positive reviews. The Hindu described the film as a "tale with a realistic twist" and praised the film's production values. <mask> <mask> was also involved in the co-production of the films Nadunisi Naaygal (2011) and Veppam (2011) alongside Jayaraman, Madan, Venkat and Gautham Menon. <mask> <mask>'s scripted his next production Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal (2012), starring Adharvaa Murali and Amala Paul, with Ganesh Vinayak signed on as director. The film was to be shot across India and the US at a budget of 200 million. However, in March 2011, the director was ousted and <mask> took over responsibilities as director of the project. The film opened to mixed reviews, with <mask>'s performance as director being heavily scrutinised.A critic from IBN noted "Sadly, <mask>, while focusing on such things, seems to have lost the grip on the script, which lacks logic or coherence", concluding that "the director has got many things wrong". In comparison, Sify.com noted that <mask> "makes a confident debut with a film that maintains its suspense till the end." The film fared averagely at the box office, and <mask> contemplated releasing a second version of the film with a different screenplay. He took the film to the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, where it was screened twice in the various film screenings in the city during the festival. His first Hindi film production, Ekk Deewana Tha (2012), a remake of his previous venture with Gautham Menon, also released on the same weekend as Muppozhudhum Un Karpanaigal. However the film opened to mixed reviews and took a lukewarm opening at the box office, resulting in financial failure. 2012-present: Mixed success and litigation
He then went on to co-produce Menon's next Neethaane En Ponvasantham (2012), another romantic drama film featuring Jiiva and Samantha.The film opened in December 2012 to good reviews but only fared averagely at the box office. In February 2013, <mask> filed a legal case against Gautham Menon and Madan claiming that he had entered into an agreement to do a film starring Silambarasan with music by A. R. Rahman in November 2008, during the making of Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa. He noted that they had agreed again in February 2010 to make the film, but now with Allu Arjun in the lead role. However, <mask> claimed that both Gautham and Madan had gone on to do other projects even though they had been paid an advance of 40 million. Madan swiftly denied any involvement citing he had split from the other co-producers after the success of Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa. Gautham Menon responded with an emotionally charged letter, revealing that Elred was harassing him and putting his career in trouble. He noted that Silambarasan was the main choice for Neethaane En Ponvasantham, and the film that Elred had alluded to was that particular venture.He went further in claiming that <mask> had been undiplomatic in his conduct following the relative failure of the film, while the producer had also made derogatory remarks regarding the selection of Ilaiyaraaja in the project. <mask> replied by changing his argument – claiming that the four crores were used by Menon to buy a house after a proposed London schedule for the film was cancelled. Gautham once again subsequently reacted to the media by clarifying the situation regarding the payment, his house and the choice of cast and crew of the film. <mask> <mask> then produced Yaamirukka Bayamey (2014), a horror comedy directed by newcomer Deekay, with an ensemble cast featuring Kreshna, Karunakaran, Rupa Manjari, Oviya and Anaswara <mask>. The film opened to positive reviews and became a commercial success, prompting remakes in several other languages. The Hindu called the film "a surprisingly well-made 'horror-comedy' that succeeds in continuously exploiting our irrational fear of the unknown even while nudging us to laugh at it...this is a fun summer film and should work regardless of whether one believes in the supernatural or not". Likewise Sify wrote, "Yaamirukka Bayamey is something different within the commercial format and provides potent dose of laughs to release the tension built up by the scares", and praised <mask>'s introduction of director Deekay.However, <mask> <mask>'s next film, Yaan (2014) starring Jiiva and Thulasi Nair, which marked the debut of cinematographer Ravi K. Chandran as a director, became a large commercial failure at the box office. The film, which was made on a lavish budget over a period of two years, was heavily criticised upon release. Baradwaj Rangan from The Hindu wrote, "Yaan, is a major disappointment", while The Times of India gave 2 out of 5 for the film and wrote, "despite all the colours on screen, this is such a dull, flavourless film, let down by the writing, which is preposterous and uninspiring". After release, <mask> <mask> heavily criticised Chandran and threatened to file legal action after it was reported that the film was plagiarised from Midnight Express (1978). He then planned to make multiple films in nominal budget and planned film with Bobby Simha in the lead, which was Ko 2, directed by Sarath Mandava. Veera and Deekay's second film, Kavalai Vendam, all three films got a decent opening with profit venture in the overall revenue. He's now planned a Pan-Indian project with National Award-winning director Mr.Vetrimaaran, which is now in its pre-production stage.Filmography

As director

As producer

References

Living people
Tamil film directors
Tamil film producers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Elred Kumar
Elred Kumar
Elred
Kumar
Elred
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Elred
Kumar
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