texts:
 "then" versus "now". She also performed live at the German musical events Wave Gotik Treffen and M'era Luna Festival in 2007. She later released A Bit o' This & That: a rarities album of her covers, including songs from The Beatles and The Smiths, classical pieces, and her own songs. In 2008, she released the EP 4 o'Clock, which contained remixes of songs from Opheliac, new songs, and a reading from her autobiographical novel The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls. She also released another EP, Girls Just Wanna Have Fun &Bohemian Rhapsody, the same year.A year later, <mask> broke away from Trisol Music Group to join The End Records and re-release Opheliac in the United States on October 27, 2009; previously, it was only available there as an import. The re-release included extras such as pictures, bonus tracks, an excerpt from The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, and a video. In addition to releasing her own material, <mask> collaborated with other musicians. She contributed backing vocals and violin to the track "Dry" by Die Warzau and made an appearance in the band's music video for "Born Again". She played violin on the song "UR A WMN NOW" from OTEP's 2009 album, Smash the Control Machine. Additionally, two of her tracks appeared in film soundtracks: "Organ Grinder" from 4 o'Clock on the European edition of Saw III and a remixed version of "Dead Is The New Alive" from Opheliac on the international version of Saw IV. 2010–present: The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls and Fight Like a Girl

<mask>'s debut novel, The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, was self-published in late 2009, with a second edition following in 2010.Because of the book's nature and possible autobiographical sections, she claimed its release was delayed because some did not want it published. The book combines <mask>'s own real life journal entries, including those chronicling her time in a psych ward, and the diary of a fictional Victorian-era asylum inmate named "Emily". <mask> has said that the intent of the book was to show "there’s very little difference from asylums for ladies in 1841 and the ones for us now," and that the subject of mental illness remains misunderstood. In June 2010, <mask> released the acronym of her upcoming album, F.L.A.G., on her Twitter account, before revealing the full title as Fight Like a Girl. In her words, the meaning behind the title is "about taking all these things that make women the underdogs and using them to your advantage". Based on her novel, The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls, the album has been described as "an operatic feminist treatise set inside an insane asylum, wherein the female inmates gradually realize their own strength in numbers". On August 30, 2010, she announced that she would be undergoing jaw surgery, and had to postpone her North American tour dates while she recovered.In September 2011, she posted the full lyrics to the album's title track, "Fight Like a Girl", on her Twitter account. <mask> appeared at the 2011 Harvest Festival in Australia, and had planned to debut two songs from Fight Like a Girl during those performances. On April 11, 2012, <mask> released the single "Fight Like a Girl", with the song "Time for Tea" appearing as a B-side. On April 16, 2012, <mask> announced her plans to debut a three-hour musical adaptation of her autobiographical novel on London's West End theatre in 2014. According to her interview with Mulatschag, she has plans to play the roles of both protagonists, <mask> and Emily. In late 2011, a twelve-minute teaser was released for Darren Lynn Bousman and Terrance Zdunich's project The Devil's Carnival, featuring <mask> as The Painted Doll, her first major acting role. The film was released in April 2012."Bloody Crumpets" members Beth "The Blessed Contessa" Hinderliter and Maggie "Captain Maggot" Lally also appear in the film as Woe-Maidens. On June 13, 2012, <mask> announced on her blog the release date of Fight Like a Girl, which was on July 24 of the same year. In 2013, <mask> produced and starred in her first ever music video, directed by Darren Lynn Bousman, for the song "Fight Like a Girl". Also appearing in the video are <mask>'s Devil's Carnival co-stars Dayton Callie and Marc Senter, as well as Veronica Varlow, among others. In 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be appearing at a handful of dates on the 2014 Vans Warped Tour with an installation called "The Asylum Experience", which will include music, burlesque, circus sideshow attractions and theater. On September 22, 2018, she released The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical, an album with songs made for her upcoming musical. On November 3, 2021, <mask> released the single The Passenger, a cover of the song by Iggy Pop, marking her first official release in three years.Influences and musical style

Her music encompasses a wide range of styles. <mask>'s vocal range is contralto, but also has the ability to perform in the dramatic soprano range. Her vocal work has been compared to Tori Amos, Kate Bush, and The Creatures. She has released two instrumental albums (On a Day... and Laced/Unlaced), and four featuring her vocals: Enchant, Opheliac, A Bit o' This & That, and "Fight Like a Girl". The 2003 album Enchant drew on "new age chamber music, trip hop baroque, and experimental space pop". <mask> layers her voice frequently, and incorporates electronics and electronic effects into her work on Enchant; she also combines strings and piano for some songs, while others feature mainly the piano or violin. The 2006 release Opheliac featured "cabaret, electronic, symphonic, new age, and good ol' rock & roll (and heavy on the theatrical bombast)".A classically trained musician, <mask> is influenced by plays, novels, and history, particularly the Victorian era. She enjoys the works of Shakespeare, Elizabeth Barrett Browning and husband Robert, and Edgar Allan Poe. She incorporates sounds resembling Victorian machinery such as locomotives, which she noted was "sort of a steampunk thing". While a young <mask> cited Itzhak Perlman as an influence because of the happiness she believed he felt when he played, her main musical influence and inspiration is the English violinist Nigel Kennedy. Her favorite singer is Morrissey from The Smiths. She takes inspiration for her songs from her life experiences and mixes in "layers and layers of references, connections, other stories and metaphors". <mask> has variously described her music and style as "Psychotic Vaudeville Burlesque", "Victoriandustrial'", a term she coined, and glam rock because of her use of glitter onstage.According to <mask>, her music "wasn't meant to be cutesy" and is labeled as "industrial" mainly because of her use of drums and yelling. Her adaption of "O Mistress Mine" was praised by author and theater director
Barry Edelstein as "a ravishing, guaranteed tearjerker". For her live performances, which she calls dinner theatre because of her practice of throwing tea and tea-time snacks off of the stage, <mask> makes use of burlesque—"a show that was mainly using humour and sexuality to make a mockery of things that were going on socially and politically"—to counterbalance the more morbid topics discussed in her music, such as abuse, suicide and self-mutilation. Her shows feature handmade costumes, fire tricks, theatrics, and her all-female backing band, The Bloody Crumpets, a group whose members have variously included burlesque performer Veronica Varlow as The Naughty Veronica, performance artist Maggie Lally as Captain Maggot, Jill Evyn as Lady Amalthea (or Moth), actress and performer Beth Hinderliter as The Blessed Contessa, actress Aprella Godfrey Barule as Lady Aprella, German musician Lucina as Little Lucina, cellist Sarah Kim as Lady Joo Hee, German costume designer Vecona as Captain Vecona, Jesselynn Desmond as Little Miss Sugarless, and Ulorin Vex. Her intention is for the live shows to be a statement of "anti-repression" and empowerment. Personal life
She keeps a ritual of drawing a heart on her cheek as a symbol of protection. <mask> became vegetarian at age eleven after being unable to rationalize why she should eat farm animals but not her pet dog; in her late-teens, she became vegan.She has stated she believes that there is a link between the treatment of women and animals in society. In August 2014, <mask> said she had developed copper toxicity and was no longer vegan, although still a committed vegetarian. In 2021, <mask> adopted a Toy Manchester Terrier, who she named Darjeeling. She has endorsed companies such as Manic Panic and Samson Tech. <mask> has bipolar disorder, which she has discussed in a number of interviews. Discography

 Studio albums
Enchant (2003)
Opheliac (2006)
Fight Like a Girl (2012)
The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls: Behind the Musical (2018)

 Instrumental albums
On a Day... (2000)
Laced/Unlaced (2007)

Concert tours
The Asylum Tour - 2007
The Plague Tour - 2008
The Gate Tour - 2008-2009
The Key Tour - 2009
The Door Tour - 2011
The Fight Like a Girl Tour - 2011-2012

Bibliography
Across the Sky & Other Poems (2000)
Your Sugar Sits Untouched (2005)
The Asylum for Wayward Victorian Girls (2009)

Filmography
11-11-11 as 11'er in Video (2011) Uncredited
The Devil's Carnival (2012) as Painted Doll
Alleluia! The Devil's Carnival as June / The Painted Doll

Notes

References

External links

Emilie <mask> MetalBlast.net interview, April 17, 2012.Interview with Emilie Autumn

1979 births
21st-century American poets
21st-century American singers
American contraltos
American electronic musicians
American feminists
American harpsichordists
American industrial musicians
American people of German descent
American rock violinists
American women poets
Dark cabaret musicians
Women rock singers
Feminist musicians
Living people
Metropolis Records artists
Singers from California
Singers from Chicago
People with bipolar disorder
American women in electronic music
Writers from California
Writers from Illinois
21st-century American women singers
Electric violinists
21st-century violinists
Women harpsichordists
Steampunk music
Women in

masks: Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Emilie Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn Autumn


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<mask> (born March 24, 1993) is an American professional mixed martial artist and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioner. She is a former world No. 1 ranked IBJJF competitor, currently ranked 6th among the female divisions. She is an ADCC and no gi BJJ (black belt) World Champion. As of November 23, 2021, she is #5 in the  UFC women's strawweight rankings and as of December 20, 2021, she is #14 in the UFC women's pound for pound rankings. Early life
Dern was born in Arizona, the daughter of Wellington "Megaton" Dias, a highly decorated grappling competitor himself. As a child, she grew up travelling back and forth between Arizona and her father's native Brazil.Dern is fluent in English and Portuguese. She has stated that Portuguese has become her primary tongue, explaining that "my Dad and step Mom are both Brazilian. My boyfriend speaks Portuguese. I'm speaking Portuguese more than English. I still have lots of interactions in English of course. But I think in Portuguese, anything to do with fight is all in Portuguese in my mind, I dream in Portuguese." Dern began training by the age of three and practicing with her father and stepmother who is also a black belt, Luciana Tavares.<mask> started competing at a young age, and began competing in the adult divisions at 14 years old. She has won a world championship in every belt level as she progressed to black belt rank, which was awarded to her by her father in December 2012, three months prior to her 20th birthday. She graduated from Ironwood High School in Glendale, Arizona. Due to her six 1st place finishes at the Asian Open, <mask> is the only female Jiu-Jitsu competitor to have won Gold Medals, at Black Belt level, at each of the 5 principal/highest ranking IBJJF Gi Championships - the other events are the Worlds, the Euros, the Pan Ams and the Brazilian Nationals. One of her biggest achievements in BJJ came when she managed to defeat Gabi Garcia despite a huge weight difference, becoming one of the few women to do so. Mixed martial arts

Legacy Fighting Alliance
Dern was scheduled to make her mixed martial arts debut against Kenia Rosas at Legacy FC 58. She won her debut by unanimous decision.Dern was scheduled to fight Montana De La Rosa at Legacy FC 61. The bout was initially scheduled to be contested at strawweight, but was later changed to catchweight, as Dern missed weight by 2.8 lbs. She won the fight by a first round submission. Dern was scheduled to fight Katherine Roy at LFA 6. Dern came in overweight for the second time in a row, missing weight by four pounds, and had to forfeit 20% of her purse. She won the fight by unanimous decision. Dern moved up to flyweight for her fourth professional fight, being scheduled to fight Mandy Polk at LFA 24.She beat Polk by a first-round rear-naked choke. After going 4-0 in her first four professional fights, Dern signed with Invicta Fighting Championship in November 2017. Invicta Fighting Championship
Dern made her Invicta debut on December 8, 2017, at Invicta FC 26: Maia vs. Niedzwiedz against Kaline Medeiros. She won the fight via an armbar in round three. Ultimate Fighting Championship
Dern made her promotional debut against Ashley Yoder on March 3, 2018, at UFC 222. She won the fight via split decision. Dern faced Amanda Cooper on May 12, 2018 at UFC 224.At the weigh-ins, Dern weighed in at 123 pounds, 7 pounds over the strawweight non-title fight upper limit of 116 pounds. As a result, the bout proceeded at catchweight and Dern was fined 30% of her purse. Dern won the fight via submission through a rear naked choke in the first round. After a hiatus from maternity leave, Dern faced Amanda Ribas on October 12, 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 19. She lost the fight via unanimous decision. Dern was expected to face Ariane Carnelossi on April 25, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 173. Carnelossi was forced to withdraw from the bout due to travel restriction.Dern was scheduled to face Hannah Cifers  on April 25, 2020. However, on April 9 the promotion announced that this event was postponed. The pairing eventually took place on May 30, 2020 at UFC on ESPN: Woodley vs. Burns. Dern won the fight with a first round kneebar - becoming the first woman  to finish a fight by any form of leg lock in UFC history. This win also earned her her first Performance of the Night award. Dern faced Randa Markos on September 19, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 178. She won the fight via submission in the first round.This win earned her her second straight Performance of the Night award. Dern faced Virna Jandiroba on December 12, 2020 at UFC 256. Dern won the fight by unanimous decision. Dern faced Nina Nunes on April 10, 2021 at UFC on ABC 2. She won the bout via first round armbar. This win earned her a Performance of the Night award. Dern faced Marina Rodriguez on October 9, 2021 on UFC Fight Night 194.She lost the fight via unanimous decision. This fight earned her the Fight of the Night award. Dern is scheduled to face Tecia Torres on April 9, 2022 at UFC 273. Personal life
Dern is married to professional surfer Wesley Santos. In February 2019, Dern announced that she had put her MMA career on hold due to pregnancy. Her daughter, Moa, was born on June 9, 2019. According to Dern, she left Black House MMA after a reported incident concerning her original coach, Juan Gomez, where he got into a physical altercation with her husband over a disagreement about money.However, Gomez disputed money being the reason and subsequently both Dern and Gomez were asked to leave the team. Instructor lineage
Mitsuyo "Count Koma" Maeda → Carlos Gracie, Sr. → Helio Gracie → Royler Gracie → Wellington "Megaton" Dias → <mask>n

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
American sportspeople of Brazilian descent
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Female Brazilian jiu-jitsu practitioners
Mixed martial artists from Arizona
American female mixed martial artists
Strawweight mixed martial artists
Flyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Ultimate Fighting Championship female fighters
World Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championship medalists
World No-Gi Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Championship medalists
21st-century American women

masks:
Mackenzie Lynne Dern Santos
Mackenzie
Mackenzie
Mackenzie Der


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<mask> (born 4 March 1967) is an Australian professional rugby coach and former player. He was the coach of the Australian national team from 2014 to 2019. In 2015, he received the World Rugby Coach of the Year award. <mask> has Lebanese ancestry. He is the only coach to have won the major rugby club competition in each hemisphere, winning the Heineken Cup with Leinster in 2009 and the Super Rugby competition with the New South Wales Waratahs in 2014. During his career, <mask> was also head coach at Padova, Randwick and Stade Français. Playing career
<mask> was a No.8 who played for Australia at under 21 level. He played more than 300 games for Randwick, winning the Shute Shield seven times during a period when the Galloping Greens dominated Sydney rugby. As a player, <mask> made a mid-career move to Europe in 1989 where he had two seasons in the South of France with Castres Olympique in Division 1, and a season for Paris team Club Athlétique des Sports Généraux (later merged with Stade Français) in Division 2. He then joined Italian side Rugby Livorno alongside Randwick teammate David Knox from 1992 to 1994. He represented an Italian Selection XV against the All Blacks in 1993. Returning to Australia, he captained Randwick from 1997 and 1999, and represented New South Wales on their spring tour of the UK in 1997. Coaching career

Padova and Randwick
Cheika had never coached before but in 1999 David Campese brought his attention to a coaching job in Italy.He applied for it and was successful. <mask> and Knox coached Petrarca Padova through a Heineken Cup campaign which did not yield any wins. <mask> returned to Sydney in 2001 when his father fell ill. With European coaching experience under his belt he secured the Randwick coaching ticket and guided his old club to a Shute Shield victory in 2004. Leinster
In 2005, <mask> replaced Declan Kidney as head coach at Leinster. Mick Dawson, Leinster's chief executive, described it as a calculated punt. Kidney had left in contentious circumstances having agreed to a move to rivals Munster before the season's end and Leinster were said to be in disarray. Cheika brought assistant David Knox, his former teammate, with him to Ireland.<mask>'s first season culminated in a Heineken Cup semi–final against Munster, which Munster won 30–6, on their way to lifting the trophy. <mask>'s second season in charge was a difficult one, as Leinster were knocked out of the Heineken Cup at the quarterfinal stage by London Wasps. In 07/08 Leinster won the Celtic League trophy with a bonus point 41–8 victory against the Newport Gwent Dragons. It was <mask>'s first trophy as Leinster coach and Leinster's first since the 2001 Celtic League. Leinster recruited Alan Gaffney to the management team as backs coach in the 2009 season, to join Kurt McQuilkin as defence coach and forwards coach Jono Gibbes. Leinster were unable to retain their Celtic League title, and finished third behind Munster and Edinburgh. However, Cheika led Leinster to European success, guiding the team to the 2009 Heineken Cup Final.They became champions after topping their pool by beating London Wasps, Edinburgh and Castres Olympique. Leinster was seeded sixth and faced Harlequins in the quarterfinal, winning 6–5. In an all Irish derby at Croke Park against defending champions Munster, <mask> guided the team to a historic 25–6 victory to set up a final against Leicester Tigers. At Murrayfield Stadium the team secured a 19–16 victory over the Tigers, to clinch Leinster's first ever European title. In his final season in charge, <mask> led Leinster to top of the table in the revamped 2009–10 Celtic League, with 13 victories from 18 starts. In the semifinal, Leinster beat Munster 16–6, before losing to the Ospreys 17–12 at home at the RDS. The team was also unable to retain their European title.Leinster beat Clermont Auvergne 29–28, however lost to eventual champions Toulouse 26–16. <mask> was Director of Rugby of the Paris-based club between 2010 and 2012. It was reported that his time at Stade Français was less successful than at previous clubs. Off-field conflict and mediocre on-field results made his life difficult, culminating in him being sacked. During the 2010–11 Top 14 season, Stade Français finished 11th in the standings with only 10 wins from 26. However, in the 2010–11 European Challenge Cup, Stade Français clinched top seed after the Pool stage, winning all 6 of their matches.Their pool, however, did include Leeds Carnegie, București Oaks and Crociati Parma, with the latter two being semi-professional sides. Stade won the quarterfinal beating Montpellier 32–28. <mask>'s team beat Clermont, who had dropped down from the Heineken Cup, by 29–25 in the semifinal, but narrowly lost to Harlequins 19–18 in the final at Cardiff. In the 2011–12 Top 14 season, Stade Français improved on their previous standing, finishing seventh with 11 wins. The team again clinched the top seeding in the European Challenge Cup and beat Exeter Chiefs 22–17 in the quarterfinal. However, they lost in the semifinal by 32–29 to Toulon. New South Wales
<mask> was appointed as head coach of the New South Wales Waratahs in 2012 for the 2013 Super Rugby season.In his first season, he guided the team to mid-table of 9th, with an even split of 8 wins and 8 losses. Some of their victories were notable, including the 25–20 win over the eventual (and defending) champions, the Chiefs, in round 10. The Waratahs turned over the Brumbies 28–22, before narrowly losing to the Crusaders 23–22 in Christchurch. <mask> also led the team against the British and Irish Lions, losing the match 47–17. He was responsible for signing Israel Folau from AFL side Greater Western Sydney Giants, who made a massive impact to the Wallabies in his debut season. <mask> secured further key signings for the 2014 season including Kurtley Beale, Nick Phipps, Jacques Potgieter and another Rugby League convert Taqele Naiyaravoro. He created attacking backline combinations with Phipps and Bernard Foley as the halves, Beale and Adam Ashley-Cooper in midfield and with Folau at fullback.The Waratahs dominant forward pack, led by Dave Dennis, created a platform for the skillful backs. In just his second season in charge, Cheika coached the Waratahs to their first ever Super Rugby title, with the team finishing seven points ahead of their nearest rivals, the Crusaders. The Waratahs defeated the Brumbies 26–8 in the semifinal which earned them a first home final against their Christchurch-based rivals, the Crusaders, whom the Waratahs had not defeated in over a decade. In the 2014 Super Rugby final the Waratahs beat the Crusaders by a single point, 33–32, in a nail-biter witnessed by a record Super Rugby crowd of over 61,007 people at ANZ Stadium in Sydney. During the 2015 Super Rugby season, the Waratahs campaign to retain their title started with a 25–13 loss to the Western Force in Sydney, which was later followed by a second loss to the Force in Round 13, losing 18–11 in Perth. Cheika led the Waratahs to a 29–24 win over the eventual New Zealand conference winners the Hurricanes in Wellington, and a 32–22 win over the Crusaders in Sydney. Across the 16 matches of the 2015 regular season the Waratahs conceded 11 yellow cards.Two players, Will Skelton and Tolu Latu, were suspended from playing during the latter stages of the tournament leading to <mask>'s tactics being questioned. The Waratahs had lost to the Highlanders 26–19 in Dunedin in Round 5 and were defeated by them again in the semifinal in Sydney by 35–17. It was a surprise for some how well the Waratahs did, considering the team had to play for 10 consecutive weeks between their second bye and the knock out stage, which included their two away matches against South Africa opposition. Australia

2014–2015
<mask> was appointed as the head coach of the Australia national team on 22 October 2014, with a three-year contract that would see him take the Wallabies through the 2015 Rugby World Cup. He took over after Ewen McKenzie's shock resignation the previous week and had very little time with the team before Australia started their 2014 end of year tour. His first match as coach was a non-capped game against the Barbarians, with the Wallabies winning 40–36. <mask>'s first test match as coach was a 33–28 victory for Australia over Wales which was a record 10th consecutive win against them.However, <mask> lost his first match against France a week later, with Australia being defeated 29–26. This for France was seen as revenge following Australia's dominant 3–0 series win over Les Bleus in June 2014 under former coach Ewen McKenzie. <mask>'s team lost their next match against Ireland 26–23. Ireland had led 17–0 after just fifteen but three quick tries in the next fifteen minutes put Australia back in the game. Australia then faced Rugby World Cup rivals England who had only win from their last six starts. England's forwards overpowered Australia in the match, however, to win 26–17. The result meant that Australia had lost three out of four test matches on their tour, their worst record since 2005.<mask> made it clear that the scrum needed to be fixed before the World Cup, and later sacked the forwards coach Andrew Blades. Scrum coach Mario Ledesma was recruited to the Waratahs and began working on scrummaging with the Wallabies players that were in New South Wales. Brumbies head coach Stephen Larkham was brought in as backline and attack coach for the World Cup. Nathan Grey was appointed as defence coach. In the lead up to the 2015 World Cup, <mask> is credited for inventing Giteau's law which enabled overseas based players to play for Australia. During the 2015 Rugby Championship, <mask> made multiple changes to his side for each match despite the Wallabies' winning form. They opened their campaign with a 24–20 win over South Africa, winning in overtime with a late try from Tevita Kuridrani.They beat Argentina 34–9 a week later to set-up a decider with New Zealand in the final round. It was during that All Blacks match that Cheika started two specialized opensides for the first time since 2010, and they were both influential in the Wallabies 27–19 win. The win sealed the Rugby Championship for the Wallabies, their first ever Rugby Championship title, although including the former Trinations format it was the Wallabies fourth title since the competition began 1996. The Wallabies also achieved a 100% win rate for the first ever time in either format. However, the Wallabies failed to win the Bledisloe Cup, losing to New Zealand 41–13 in Auckland a week later. Despite having only been in charge of the Wallabies for a year, <mask> led Australia to the 2015 Rugby World Cup Final. They topped Pool A with victories over Fiji 28–13, Uruguay 65–3, England 33–13 and Wales 15–6.They narrowly beat Scotland in the quarter-final winning 35–34 after a controversial last minute penalty. They beat Argentina 29–15 in the semi-final to reach the final against the All Blacks. The Wallabies went down 16–3 at half time, but fought back in the second half to trail by only 21–17 with 10 minutes remaining. However a drop goal, penalty and a last minute try saw New Zealand claim an historic 34–17

masks:
Michael Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheikaeika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika


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 victory. On 1 November, <mask> was named 2015 World Rugby Coach of the Year, becoming the first Australian coach to claim the title since Rod Macqueen in 2001, and the first non-New Zealander coach to win it since Ireland's Declan Kidney in 2009. 2016–2017
In 2016, England toured Australia for a three-test series, the first of its kind. The series saw Australia lose all three tests to be "whitewashed" for the first time in a home series since South Africa won 3–0 in 1971.The first test, lost 39–28, saw England win back-to-back tests on Australian soil for the first time since 2003, while winning at Brisbane for the first ever time. The 39 points scored against Australia were the most points Australia had ever conceded by an English team. The second test saw England win 23–7, a record winning margin on Australian soil and a record third consecutive away win, to see England claim their first ever series win over Australia. The final test saw an accumulative score of 84 points, with England the victors 44–40. He led Australia to second in the 2016 Rugby Championship despite losing the first two matches on an aggregate score of 71–17 against New Zealand. <mask> lead the Wallabies to their first win of the season against South Africa in round 3, winning 23–17, before defeating Argentina the following week 36–20. Australia narrowly missed out on their first ever victory at Loftus Versfeld Stadium, losing to South Africa in Pretoria 18–10.In the final week of the Championship, Argentina hosted Australia in London, where the teams became the first to play a Rugby Championship or Tri-Nations match outside any of the SANZAAR nations. Australia were the victors, 33–21. In the final Bledisloe Cup on 22 October, Australia were defeated 37–10, conceding 18 points in the closing 20 minutes. Australia's 2016 Spring tour saw mixed results, convincingly defeating Wales 32–8 in the opening week, before narrowly defeating Scotland with a 74th minute try by Tevita Kuridrani to win 23–22. Their third game saw Cheika completely change the team for the French clash, but still managed to claim the victory 25–23. The fourth and fifths matches on the tour saw the Wallabies lose their eight and ninth tests of the year, losing to Ireland 27–24 and England 37–21, with Ireland loss killing the Australian's chances of claiming a successful Grand Slam tour. Australia's 2017 season started with a 37–14 victory over Fiji where Cheika gave four players their international debut.The following week, Australia lost to Scotland for the first ever time in Sydney, losing 24–19. It was the first time ever Australia had lost to Scotland twice in row at home, with the last loss, 9–6 in 2012, the last time Scotland had beaten Australia. Australia's final June test was a 40–27 victory over Italy, though for most of the game the teams weren't separated by many points with the score being 28–27 until the 75th minute. During the 2017 Rugby Championship, <mask> was heavily criticized for his constant changing off match day teams. It wasn't until the last round of the Championship that <mask> retained the previous starting XV in two consecutive matches, for the first time in his Career as Wallabies head coach. The Championship started with a 54–34 hammering to New Zealand, conceding 8 tries in 47 minutes. At the 50 minute mark, the score was 54–6, however Australia clawed back the margin scoring four tries in the last quarter of the game.The return fixture the following, Australia came within minutes of claiming an away victory to New Zealand, leading the All Blacks 29–28 at the 77th minute mark. However a Beauden Barrett try on the 78th minute, saw New Zealand claim a 35–29 victory, despite at one point being behind 17–0 down early on in the game. The third round saw Australia and South Africa draw for the first time since 2001, after the game ended 23–23. The result was repeated in the reverse fixture three weeks later, when it ended 27–27. Australia ended on a high, putting a solid performance against Argentina away, running out victors 37–20. Ahead of the Wallabies Spring tour, <mask> led Australia to a 23–18 victory over the All Blacks in the third Bledisloe Cup. It was the first time since 2015 that the Wallabies had defeated the world champions.This win was backed up by a narrow 31–28 non-test victory over the Barbarians and a week later a 63–30 win over Japan in Yokohama, in what was both experimental sides for Australia. Australia's first major test on their Spring tour came on 11 November, where they faced and defeated Wales, 29–21. Despite the score being 13–6 heading into the final 10 minutes in the England test, Australia went on to lose their first tour match 30–6, conceding 3 tries. Australia's final test was a record defeat at the hands of Scotland, losing 53–24 in Edinburgh for the first time since 2009. 2018–2019
The Wallabies endured a shocking run in 2018; in June, <mask> led the team to a series defeat against Ireland, losing 2–1 having won the first test 18–9. However, a first loss to Ireland at home since 1979 in the second test (26–21) followed by a close encounter in the third test (16–20), meant Ireland claimed a first ever series win over Australia. Despite losing the series, the Wallabies out scored their opposition in terms of tries, scoring 6 tries to 3.It was also a first for <mask> in the second test, naming an unchanged matchday 23 for two consecutive tests, retaining the same team from the first test. During the 2018 Rugby Championship, <mask> faced severe criticism over the team's form and a string of poor results. His job was openly questioned in the Australian media after the team won only two games during the Championship. Despite leading New Zealand 6–5 in the opening match, the Wallabies went onto lose the match 38–13, and despite being marginally behind the All Blacks in the second test, 7–14 at half time, they also went on to lose that match 40–12. <mask>'s side did manage an impressive 23–18 victory over South Africa to retain the Mandela Challenge Plate. However, the following week, Australia lost to Argentina 23–19, which was the first time since 1983 that Argentina had beaten Australia on home soil. This meant the Wallabies dropped to a record low seventh place on the World Rugby Rankings and, after Round 5, their woes continued as they lost to South Africa 23–12.In the final round, Argentina led Australia 31–7 at half time in Salta. However a record come-back in the second half meant <mask> and his team won 45–34, to secure third place in the Championship. In the third Bledisloe Cup match, held in Japan, the Wallabies put on a better performance but failed to capitalise on their chances, seeing the All Blacks win 37–20. <mask>'s team endured a similarly dismal run in the 2018 autumn internationals, losing 9–6 to Wales (their first win over Australia since 2008) before salvaging a consolation 26–7 victory against Italy. The Wallabies ended 2018 with a sixth consecutive defeat to England, going down 37–18. The team's win-loss record, having won only four out of thirteen test matches, was their worst since 1958. A review of the team's performance was conducted by the administration of Rugby Australia, with the board electing to back Cheika through to the 2019 World Cup.The decision was widely derided in the Australian sporting press, with speculation rife that the administration were unable to afford to terminate <mask>'s contract. 2019 saw much change in the Australian set-up, beginning with the sacking of Stephen Larkham as attack coach and the introduction of a selection panel made up of Cheika, newly selected Director of Rugby Scott Johnson and <mask>'Connor who acts as an independent away from the national team coaching team. The new process started with a 35–17 loss to South Africa in the opening round of the 2019 Rugby Championship. The following week, Australia gained just their first win of the Championship, defeating Argentina 16–10. However it was the final match against New Zealand that proved a success, after winning 47–26, a joint record defeat for the All Blacks; through this result meant a win in the second Bledisloe Cup match meant Australia would reclaim the title for the first time since 2002. However, the Wallabies lost 36–0 to see the trophy remain in New Zealand. At the 2019 Rugby World Cup Australia won three of their four pool matches but a close loss to  led to a quarter-final fixture with .A defeat by 40–16 in that match ended the Australian campaign and the following day <mask> announced that he would resign as head coach by the end of the year. His contract had been due to expire following the World Cup. 2020
Following his departure from Australian Rugby, <mask> took up a role within the NRL with Sydney Roosters Rugby League Team as assistant coach. In September 2020, the Argentine Rugby Union announced that <mask> had joined the team prior to the 2020 Tri Nations Series, taking up an advisory role and re-joining former Wallabies coaching staff, Mario Ledesma. On 20 Nov 2020, it was reported that Lebanon had appointed Cheika as the nation's new head coach ahead of the 2021 Rugby League World Cup

Statistics

International matches as head coach
Note: World Rankings Column shows the World Ranking Australia was placed at on the following Monday after each of their matches

Record by Country

Honours
Australia

World Rugby Coach of the Year
Winner: 2015
Rugby World Cup / Webb Ellis Cup
Runner-up: 2015
The Rugby Championship
Winner: 2015
Runner-up: 2016, 2017, 2019

James Bevan Trophy
Winner: 2014, 2016, 2017
Mandela Challenge Plate
Winner: 2015, 2016, 2017,2018
Puma Trophy
Winner: 2015, 2016, 2017,2018, 2019

Trophée des Bicentenaires
Winner: 2016
Hopetoun Cup
Winner: 2016
Killik Cup
Winner: 2014

New South Wales
Super Rugby
Winner: 2014
Australian Conference winner: 2014, 2015

Stade Français
European Challenge Cup
Runner-up: 2011

Leinster
Heineken Cup
Winner: 2009
Celtic League
Winner: 2008
Runner-up: 2006, 2010

Randwick
Shute Shield
 Winner (as coach): 2004
 Winner (as player): 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996

Personal life
<mask> is the son of Lebanese migrants. He is the youngest of three children and grew up in a working-class home in Coogee, New South Wales. He previously worked for dress designer Collette Dinnigan, before starting a multimillion-dollar fashion business of his own called Live Fashion.<mask> speaks fluent Arabic, French and Italian. He was known among the Leinster rugby fraternity as Mic Check 1–2, a humorous allusion to his name, Craig McLachlan's band and his eagerness that all facets of preparation were scrutinised and reviewed prior to matchday. <mask> married in June 2008. He and his wife Stephanie have four children. He is a fan of the South Sydney Rabbitohs Rugby league team and is first cousin once removed of Adam Doueihi. References

External links
 Lassen Record

1967 births
Living people
Australia national rugby union team coaches
Australian people of Lebanese descent
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
Australian rugby union coaches
Australian rugby union players
New South Wales Waratahs players
Lebanon national rugby league team coaches
Leinster Rugby non-playing staff
Rugby union players from

masks:
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Michael O
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika
Cheika


texts:
<mask> (born 1953) is an American artist, educator, and photographer. <mask> works primarily with a large-format, 8x10 view camera and focuses on the relationship between humans and nature. Her works have been included in magazines, journals, books and permanent collections, and shown in solo exhibits nationally and internationally. Life and career
<mask> was born in 1953 in Cleveland, Ohio, and grew up in Novelty, Ohio. She studied at Bowling Green State University, where she received her B.A. in Fine Arts in 1975. She earned an M.F.A.in photography at Rochester Institute of Technology in 1983. <mask> worked briefly as a visiting instructor at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, before joining the photography faculty at the Massachusetts College of Art and Design in Boston, Massachusetts in 1984. In 1985, she won a Guggenheim fellowship for her photographic work. She has been professor and Chair of the Photography Department at Massachusetts College of Art. <mask> grew up surrounded by trees, plants, and the outdoors. She creates her views of the natural world using a large-format film camera, exploring subtle relations between humans and landscapes, "unfolding a personal and spiritual connection to the world around us." According to Andy Grundberg, writing in Grand Street, her peers in landscape photography include Laura McPhee, Lois Connor, Terry Evans, Linda Halverson, and Mary Peck, among others.Work

Much of <mask>'s photographic work focuses on landscapes and trees. She spent several months intensively photographing the New England Trail, and more than 14 years visiting and photographing large trees from the National Register. In other photographs such as Indigo Bunting she captures fleeting moments of connection between birds and humans, "incredibly intimate moment[s] of contact" with the tiny creatures appearing "exceptionally vulnerable." <mask> documents the American landscape and how it is affected by humans. <mask> captures details using a view camera, and she often creates diptychs and triptychs from a set of exposures, expanding the area of her images. In her series Birds and Other Angels, the triptych format places her photographs of birds and humans within the wider scope of the forest surrounding them. Although <mask> works in color, she also frequently shoots in black and white, intentionally limiting the image to forms shown in tones of grey, undistracted by color.In her twenty-year retrospective Natural Histories: Photographs by <mask>, about three quarters of the photographs are in black and white and one quarter were in color. In a San Francisco MoMA interview, <mask> asserts that her processes are slowed down due to the use of film, and that the care and thoughtfulness put into her work increases with that time. She takes her time carefully studying the landscapes, which primarily consists of forests, birds, and the people her work has crossed paths with. Like other landscape photographers, <mask>'s asserted interest is in exploring the world at her own pace and appreciating what nature puts in front of her. She believes that observation is necessary to the artistic process and end product. Although she examines what appears before her in the natural world, <mask>'s chosen subject matter remains very personal and depicts specific moments that she has experienced. Her first photographs in and around her home in Ohio were taken from her rectangular living room window, looking out into the Ohio forest.Although her earliest photographs rarely included humans, she increasingly focused on people's connection to and effects on the surrounding environment, and she often mentions her parents and her upbringing as influences. <mask>'s mother developed Parkinson's disease and dementia, while her father passed away from old age. <mask> was able to channel these experiences into her work, drawing on them as an inspiration for her book Behold (2014): "Photography is our validation that we were there." Behold
<mask>'s work was exhibited in the fall of 2014 at the Datz Museum in SinSeong Gol, Gwangju, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. This work was collected and bound by the museum's Datz Press, into the book Behold. <mask>'s photographs connected tall, ancient tree stands with people, animals, streams that seem to flow through nature with time. The exhibition had its opening reception on October 11, 2014.About Behold, <mask> states:

New England Trail

In the fall of 2012, the New England National Park Service hired <mask>  as Artist-in-Residence to take pictures along the New England Trail. Her photos were shown at the exhibition To Be at the Farther Edge: Photographs along the New England Trail at Amherst College in Massachusetts and later throughout New England. This work is her tribute to the genre of Hudson River School style paintings, which have inspired her, and her piece View of the Oxbow from Dry Knob (2012) is a particular tribute to Thomas Cole’s famous painting The Oxbow. Trees: national champions
Many of <mask>’s photographs focus on the landscapes of trees. She explored Holden Arboretum as a child and as an adult with her family. <mask> says trees "are rooted solidly in the earth but point ethereally toward the sky." "Champion trees" are notably the largest trees of each species according to the National Register of Big Trees, and are found in many different locations including backyards, street sides, mountains, and forests.In Trees: national champions, <mask> documents the genera of the trees and also shows how their landscape changes from place to place. Voyage of the Charles W. Morgan
In the summer of 2014, eighty-five people from various backgrounds were invited to sail on the Charles W. Morgan ship from Mystic Seaport in Mystic, CT, to produce creative projects for Mystic Seaport. <mask> was chosen because, "While all of her projects remind viewers that we shape nature, but nature also shapes us." The trip was one day and one night long. During that evening, <mask> created Nocturnal Voyage: The Morgan Series, which consists of five images of the dark sea. The Meadow
In 2015, <mask> collaborated with photographer Margot Anne Kelley to photograph an area of land in Carlisle, Massachusetts, situated among a variety of landscapes with pathways and abandoned areas. The resulting book The Meadow includes a log documenting the daily life of the previous landowner to reinforce the connection between humans and the land, and incorporates photographs in scrap-book form with fold-out booklets and embellishments.The project has been described as "a meditation on the shifting perspective that occurs when one repeatedly sees the same place through new eyes." Crossing the Frontier, organized by the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, traveling exhibition
 The Altered Landscape, organized by the Reno Museum of Art, traveling exhibition; <mask> is one of the artists included in the accompanying book. Awards and honors
 2016 - Shortlisted for Paris Photo-Aperture Foundation, Photo Book of the Year
 2015 - Pollock-Krasner Foundation, Grant
 2013 - Honored Educator Award, Society for Photographic Education
 2012 - Artist-in-Residence, New England National Scenic Trail, National Park Service
 2012 - Kittredge Fund, Grant
 2010 - Sudbury, Assabet, and Concord Wild and Scenic River Stewardship Council, Wild and Scenic River Grant
 2008 - Marsh Billings Rockefeller National Historical Park, Woodstock, VT, Fellowship
 2008 - Laurel School, Cleveland, OH, Scholar-in-Residence
 2002 - MacDowell Colony, Peterborough, NH, Fellowship
 1998/1999 - Buhl Foundation, New York, NY, Grant
 1995 - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Fellowship
 1993, New England Foundation for the Arts
 1992, Artist-in-Residence, Appalachian Environmental Arts Center in North Carolina
 1986, Artist-in-Residence, Bernheim Forest in Kentucky
 1985, Ruttenberg Fellowship, Friends of Photography, San Francisco, CA

Books
 Bosworth, <mask>; Kelley, Margot Anne; Lukitsh, Joanne; Gingerich, Owen (2018). The Heavens. Santa Fe, NM: Radius Books. References

Photographers from Ohio
Massachusetts College of Art and Design faculty
Artists from Cleveland
1953 births
Living people
Bowling Green State University alumni
Rochester Institute of Technology alumni
American women photographers
American women academics
21st-century American women

masks:
Barbara Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Barbara Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Barbara Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Barbara Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Bosworth
Barbara


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, November 27, 1904 – April 11, 1980) was an American actress best known as the leading lady in most of the Edgar Kennedy comedy shorts. Early life
<mask> was born in Charleston, South Carolina. In the early 1900s, her father and uncle toured with a circus in an aerial act known as "The Flying Silverlakes". Her mother, Edith Goodwin, was an actress. Her parents later appeared in vaudeville in a skit "Family Affair", traveling throughout the South and Southwest United States. <mask> and her younger brother Arthur Silverlake, Jr. became part of the act in 1910. Their mother brought the children to Hollywood to get into the burgeoning film industry.Arthur changed his professional name to <mask> and later achieved great success as "Dagwood Bumstead" in the Blondie movie series. Early career
Before acting in films, <mask> was the leading lady for the Raynor Lehr stock theater company. Her film debut came in New Year's Eve (1929). Comic acting persona
<mask> was petite, with a high-pitched speaking voice. She perfected a comical singsong delivery that established her in "dumb" roles. She personified flightiness in the Kennedy shorts, as the scatterbrained Mrs. Kennedy. After the series ended upon Kennedy's death in 1948, she continued to play character roles in films and television.Her best-known TV role was Jenny, the Calverton telephone operator in Lassie. <mask> played the role for the entire ten year "farm seasons" of the show (1954–1964), thus becoming the Lassie player with the longest run on the series. She played the role of Mama Angel in "The Angel and the Outlaw", a 1957 episode of the TV series The Lone Ranger. She also appeared in the first color episode of the TV series Superman in 1957 as a cave woman. On old-time radio, <mask> portrayed Jessie in Charlie and Jessie, Tess Terwilliger in David Harum, Mrs. Featherstone's daughter in The Gay Mrs. Featherstone, and Miss Smith in Phone Again Finnegan. In her later years, <mask> appeared as Elvira Norton on an episode of Dragnet entitled "Frauds". She appeared in an episode of the 1973 situation comedy A Touch of Grace, and later that year played a blind date for the character Lou Grant on The Mary Tyler Moore Show episode, "Lou's First Date".Her last roles were in the TV series Emergency!, Baretta in 1976, and Most Wanted in 1977. (1976-S5Ep18) - as Maggie

References

External links

1904 births
1980 deaths
20th-century American actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from California
People from Greater Los Angeles
Actresses from Charleston, South Carolina
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica

masks:
Florence Lake
Florence Silverlake
Lake
Florence
Arthur Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake
Lake


texts:
<mask> (born 1994) is a Nigerian writer, editor, culture journalist and curator. He is editor-in-chief of Open Country Mag, an African literary magazine. He is editor of Folio Nigeria, a CNN affiliate which covers Nigerian art, business, and entertainment. He was deputy editor of Brittle Paper. In 2019, he won the inaugural The Future Awards Africa Prize for Literature. He has been described as among the "top curators and editors from Africa" and listed among "the 100 most influential young Nigerians." Career
<mask> was born in Aba, Nigeria.He studied at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. He taught at Godfrey Okoye University, Enugu. He has served on the judging panel of the Gerald Kraak Prize, an initiative for writing and visual art about on gender, social justice and sexuality. He was a judge for the Miles Morland Foundation Writing Scholarship. He is an editor at 14, Nigeria’s first queer art collective. He is the founder of the Art Naija Series anthologies which include Enter Naija: The Book of Places and Work Naija: The Book of Vocations. Views on LGBTQ Literature
Obi-Young is considered a leading advocate for LGBTQ writing in Africa.In a 2017 letter titled “Queer Literature in Africa Is Not a Trend,” he addressed critical views of queer writing in African literature. “To write literature humanizing queerness is a political act: because writing itself is political, because to humanize queerness is a decision in much the same way that to demonize it is, but a decision to be honest and empathetic and truthful, because to tell the truth is a decision,” he wrote. “But I must point out also that to write literature humanizing queerness is only as political as it is not, because it is grounded in lived experience, grounded in the vagaries of everyday breathing that has no recourse to grand political intentions; because, in your country Nigeria, there is Akinnifesi Olumide who died from a mob beating in Ondo State in February 2016; there are the forty-two men arrested in Lagos this year for attending a ‘gay party’; there is the online hate faced by Bobrisky for straddling masculinity and femininity so loudly; and there are the man and the boy harassed on video in Edo State this year. How can one un-robbed of empathy say that to show these lives in literature is a ‘political concession’?”

Obi-Young has argued against having a category of LGBT literature. “I am heavily skeptical of the term ‘queer literature,’ or ‘LGBTQ literature,’ because it has no counter-reference,” he says. “Unlike ‘African literatures’—Anglophone, Francophone, Lusophone, and in indigenous languages—which fits into a geopolitics that acknowledges an equal term, ‘European literatures’—English, French, Italian, Spanish—the lack of an equal for ‘queer literature’—an equal which would have been called ‘heterosexual literature,’ writing that examines what it means to be heterosexual—begs the question: Why should literature exploring same-sex desire be categorized based on who its characters find themselves loving or on who its writers themselves love, especially as such categorization is withheld from literature exploring desire for the opposite sex? While the categorization does function as a marketing tool, a way of drawing attention to literature traditionally overlooked, lives deliberately unseen, it is one that is rooted in Othering, and so proves insufficient in humanizing queerness, particularly with the way it takes focus away from the skill of its writers and pushes it to their subject, a denial not bestowed on writers of ‘heterosexual literature.’”

Views on contemporary African literature
In 2018, Obi-Young used the term “the confessional generation” to describe his generation of African writers.“The contributors to Selves: An Afro Anthology of Creative Nonfiction belong to this generation,” he wrote. “Aside from their skills having been honed on the continent rather than in the West, these writers stand out for their boldness in expressing themselves, for their lack of fear in going where it hurts. Powerful miners of personal stories, theirs is a confessional generation. In general, you will find them on social media emoting boundlessly, sharing the spoken and unspoken, their lives an invitation for participation. In particular, you will find that they write fiction well, have breathed life back into the poetry scene, but that it is in nonfiction that they are unshackled, unspooling confessions in a hitherto unconventional manner. Through emotional honesty as raw as it is brave, they are taking the genre to places their predecessors shied away from, leading important conversations about trauma, about sex and sexuality, about depression and vulnerability and private shame.”

In a 2016 interview with Africa in Dialogue, Obi-Young is quoted as saying: “Cultural production in Africa is no longer dominated by heterosexual men, not as it used to be. Literature, for example, is now run by women, and they are using it so well to fight back, to write their sex and gender back into history.The next generation of writers, the ones who began to blossom last year and would peak in five years’ time, is dominated by people who are either queer or female and who have already begun to revolt against the normalized absence of their kind in literature.”

Fiction
Writing about Obi-Young’s short story, “A Tenderer Blessing,” in Los Angeles Review of Books, Erik Gleibermann notes:

“Chukwudi’s language circles around his feelings as he observes Nnaemeka on campus. The two enter an intimate friendship. Yet much still remains unspoken. Obi-Young relies on body language cues and the spaces between words to shape the intimacy. Finally, Chukwudi internally names his own feelings, though even then with a heterosexual framing. ‘For an unguarded moment, a slender second of resurgent craving, I wondered if he’d ever imagine that were he a girl, I would chase him endlessly.’ As readers, we feel almost as though we’ve been holding our breath the whole story, waiting for him to finally say it. We feel almost as though we have ourselves come out.This makes Chukwudi’s subsequent unrequited confession all the more devastating.”

Reviewing Obi-Young's short story, "You Sing of a Longing," Adedamola Kolawole writes: "One remarkable quality I'll ascribe to Otosirieze's short fiction is audacity. Profound. Sublime."

masks:
Otosirieze Obi Young
Otosirieze Obi Young


texts:
is a Japanese writer. Her work has won every major Japanese literary award, including the Akutagawa Prize and the Yomiuri Prize. Internationally, she has been the recipient of the Shirley Jackson Award and the American Book Award. The Memory Police was also shortlisted for the International Booker Prize in 2020. Some of her most well known works include The Housekeeper and the Professor, The Diving Pool and Hotel Iris. Background and education
<mask> was born in Okayama, Okayama Prefecture, and attended Waseda University, Tokyo. When she married her husband, a steel company engineer, she quit her job as a medical university secretary and wrote while her husband was at work.Initially, she wrote only as a hobby, and her husband didn't realise she was a writer until her debut novel, The Breaking of the Butterfly, received a literary prize. Her novella Pregnancy Diary, written in brief intervals when her son was a toddler, won the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for literature, thus cementing her reputation in Japan. She currently lives in Ashiya, Japan. Career
Since 1988, Ogawa has published more than fifty works of fiction and nonfiction. Much of her work has yet to be translated into English. In 2006, she worked alongside the mathematician Masahiko Fujiwara to co-write "An Introduction to the World's Most Elegant Mathematics", a dialogue on the extraordinary beauty of numbers. Her work has been published in the New Yorker, A Public Space and Zoetrope.The 2005 French film L'Annulaire (The Ringfinger) was based in part on <mask>'s Kusuriyubi no hyōhon. Her novel The Housekeeper and the Professor was adapted into the movie The Professor's Beloved Equation. In partnership with Amazon studios, Reed Morano and Charlie Kaufman are set to adapt The Memory Police. Themes and Influences
Kenzaburō Ōe has said, "Yoko <mask> is able to give expression to the most subtle workings of human psychology in prose that is gentle yet penetrating." Her English translator, Stephen Snyder, has said that “There is a naturalness to what she writes so it never feels forced...Her narrative seems to be flowing from a source that’s hard to identify.”

Frequently, she explores the theme of memory in her works. For instance, The Housekeeper and the Professor follows a mathematics professor who cannot remember anything for longer than eighty minutes, and The Memory Police is about a group of islanders who gradually forget the existence of certain things, such as birds or flowers. Human cruelty features as another prominent theme in her work, as she is interested in exploring what drives people to commit acts of physical or emotional violence.She often writes about female bodies and the woman's role in a family, which has led many to label her as a feminist writer. <mask> is hesitatant about this label, stating instead that she "just peeked into [the world of her characters] and took notes from what they were doing". The Diary of Anne Frank has been a significant source of inspiration to her throughout her career. She first encountered the diary as a teenager, and was inspired to start a diary of her own, writing back to Anne as though they were friends. She notes how “Anne’s heart and mind were so rich,” and that “her diary proved that people can grow even in such a confined situation. And writing could give people freedom.” Given its themes of persecution and confinement, The Memory Police in particular is a response to Anne's diary and the Holocaust in general. While at Waseda University, she was influenced by fellow Japanese authors such as Mieko Kanai, Kenzaburō Ōe, and Haruki Murakami.She also felt influenced by the American author Paul Auster, who she believes “writes a spoken literature—it feels like he’s written down a story someone told him, rather than creating it himself. Shibata’s translation was also very important, but when I read Moon Palace I thought ‘This is how I’d like to write.’ Like I’m just a medium for transferring a story from the world outside.”

Awards and honors
 1988 Kaien literary Prize (Benesse) for her debut The Breaking of the Butterfly (Agehacho ga kowareru toki, 揚羽蝶が壊れる時)
 1990 Akutagawa Prize for Pregnancy Diary (Ninshin karendaa, 妊娠 カレンダー)
 2004 Yomiuri Prize, Bookseller's Award for The Professor's Beloved Equation (Hakase no aishita sūshiki, 博士の愛した数式; translated as The Housekeeper and the Professor)
 2004 Izumi Kyōka Prize for Burafuman no maisō, ブラフマンの埋葬
 2006 Tanizaki Prize for Meena's March (Mīna no kōshin, ミーナの行進)
 2008 Shirley Jackson Award for The Diving Pool
 2014 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize shortlist for Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales (Japanese; trans. Stephen Snyder)
 2020 American Book Award for The Memory Police (Japanese; trans. Stephen Snyder)
 2021 Medal with Purple Ribbon

Works in English translation
 The Man Who Sold Braces (Gibusu o uru hito, ギブスを売る人, 1998); translated by Motoyuki Shibata, Manoa, 13.1, 2001. Transit (Toranjitto, トランジット, 1996); translated by Alisa Freedman, Japanese Art: The Scholarship and Legacy of Chino Kaori, special issue of Review of Japanese Culture and Society, Vol. XV (Center for Inter-Cultural Studies and Education, Josai University, December 2003): 114-125. The Cafeteria in the Evening and a Pool in the Rain (Yūgure no kyūshoku shitsu to ame no pūru, 夕暮れの給食室と雨のプール, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, The New Yorker, 9/2004.Read here
 Pregnancy Diary (Ninshin karendā, 妊娠カレンダー, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, The New Yorker, 12/2005. Read here
 The Diving Pool (Daibingu puru, ダイヴィング・プール, 1990; Ninshin karendā, 妊娠カレンダー, 1991; Dormitory, ドミトリイ, 1991); translated by Stephen Snyder, New York: Picador, 2008. ; published on The New York Times in 2006
 The Housekeeper and the Professor (Hakase no ai shita sūshiki, 博士の愛した数式, 2003); translated by Stephen Snyder, New York : Picador, 2008. Hotel Iris (Hoteru Airisu, ホテル・アイリス, 1996), translated by Stephen Snyder, Picador, 2010. Revenge: Eleven Dark Tales (Kamoku na shigai, midara na tomurai, 寡黙な死骸みだらな弔い,1998) Translated by Stephen Snyder, Picador, 2013. The Memory Police (Hisoyaka na kesshō, 密やかな結晶, 1994), translated by Stephen Snyder, Pantheon Books, 2019.

masks: Ogawa Ogawa Ogawa Ogawa


texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask> (5 December 1945 – 30 August 2020) was a Mexican film, theatrical, and television actress. Prior to her professional acting career, which began in the 1980s, she was a member of Mexico women's national basketball team during the 1960s. <mask>, who appeared in more than 30 theater productions during her career, was often cast as rebellious or comedic characters. Her telenovela and television roles became popular throughout Mexico and Latin America during the 1990s. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born on 5 December 1945, in Mexico City. She was raised in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. Her mother, <mask>, was a high school teacher, while her father, <mask>, owned and operated several pharmacies and medical laboratories.An athlete, <mask> played for Mexico women's national basketball team during the 1960s. She then enrolled at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and received her bachelor's degree in 1978. <mask> worked as an economist for the Mexican government before becoming a talent manager for advertising models. Acting career
In the early 1980s, <mask> received a phone call at her agency looking for extras for the American science fiction film, Dune, which was filming in Mexico at the time. <mask>, who was 38-years old at the time, decided to sign up as an extra for film herself. She enjoyed the experience and quickly decided to pursue acting as a career. She was soon cast in the 1985 film, Los Náufragos del Liguria, which focused on a group of shipwreck survivors.<mask> soon found on-screen acting roles in Mexican television during the mid and late 1980s as well, launching a decades-long professional TV career. <mask> was taller than most other television actresses, but became popular with audiences in Latin America and Mexico for her comedic facial expressions and gift for slapstick comedy. For example, in the 1990s telenovela De pocas, pocas pulgas, <mask> enters a doctor's office, scaring the patient "with a syringe the size of a hunting rifle," according to the New York Times. In the TV Azteca telenovela Prófugas del destino (2010-2011), <mask> utilized her trademark comedic facial expressions to play Madre Lourdes, a mother superior who discovers that several of the women in her convent are actually escaped fugitives disguised as nuns. <mask> also appeared in more than 30 professional theatrical plays and musicals, including the Spanish-language, Mexican productions of Hello, Dolly!, La Cage aux Folles, and Mame. In 2003, she appeared in the American film, Out of Time, starring Denzel Washington. In 2012 interview for the program "Momentos de Telenovela" on , <mask> discussed the range of characters she had played on stage and screen, which were often rebellious, but also comedic, "I've played all the nuns in the world: mother superior, the kitchen nun, the garden nun.All of them! In comedies, dramas, theater, musicals." Actress , who appeared opposite her in several productions, noted that "She [<mask>] played a lot of villains, but the roles that she was most known for were playful and cheeky, because she was like that." <mask>'s villainous roles included a witch and evil nurses and nuns. <mask> was known for a personal and professional sense of humor. On the set of her final television series, Como tú no hay 2 (2020), <mask> began whistling like a stereotypical truck driver to catch the attention of the crew and her co-stars. She and the show's writers ultimately incorporated her whistle into her character, Doña Remedios, a traditional healer in a local market.Death
<mask> died from complications of COVID-19 in Mexico City on 30 August 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico after a 169-day battle with the illness. She had been hospitalized several times during her treatment for COVID-19 and its complications, including anemia and three pulmonary hemorrhages. <mask> died just five months after she filmed her final episode of Como tú no hay 2. <mask> was survived by her third husband, film editor Guillermo Coelho; two of her four children, diplomat <mask> Edelman and Luis Roberto Ravelo <mask>; and two grandchildren. Her two other children, Adriana <mask> and Raúl <mask>, both died from genetic disorders as toddlers. <mask>'s previous marriages, to civil engineer Raul Domingo González Soto and musician Alfonso Ravelo, ended in divorce. (2006) - Señora Bueno
 Mujeres asesinas (2009) - Angeles Chata Bovela
 La rosa de Guadalupe (2008-2011) - Beatriz/Amparo/Martha/Felicia
 Como dice el dicho (2016) - Sarita
 Un día cualquiera (2016) - Tisibe
 Silvia Pinal, frente a ti (2019)

Films
 Los náufragos del Liguria (1985)
 El segundo aire (2001)
 Out of Time (2003)
 Fantasías (2003) - Michelle
 Corazón marchito (2007) - Isela
 Rock Marí (2010) - Edna
 Luz azul (2010) (short film)
 Amante de lo ajeno (2012) - Elvira

References

External links

1945 births
2020 deaths
Mexican stage actresses
Mexican television actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Mexican film actresses
Mexican women's basketball players
Actresses from Mexico City
People from Ciudad Juárez
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico

masks:
Cecilia Romo
Ceci Romo
Romo
Romo
Cecilia Santillan de Romo
Luis Romo Maconde
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Romo
Cecilia Romo
Romo
Romo
Claudia Romo
Romo
González Romo
González Romo
Romo


texts:
<mask>,  (25 January 1885 – 16 August 1977) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Brisbane in Australia before returning to England to become the Bishop of Bath and Wells before becoming the Bishop of London. Early life
<mask> was born in Grantham, Lincolnshire, the son of <mask>, a butcher, and his wife Elizabeth Ann Ovelin, née Turner. Despite <mask>'s father being a staunch Calvinist, his mother brought him up in the Church of England. Educated at The King's School, Grantham and St Edmund Hall, Oxford, where he took first-class honours in theology (BA, 1907; MA, 1911), he prepared for ordination at Bishop Jacob Hostel, Newcastle upon Tyne. He was ordained a deacon in 1908 and a priest in 1909. He served curacies at Benwell and Lancaster.On 11 October 1911 he married Amy Agnes Wiggins (1883-1966) at St Leonard's parish church in Watlington, Oxfordshire and they had two children. In 1914, he was appointed vicar-choral of Salisbury, and became part of a cathedral family centred on ‘the Close’. World War I
Wand volunteered for the army chaplaincy in July, 1915. He was Anglo-Catholic in a Chaplaincy in which ‘low church’ predominated. He was posted to Gallipoli, and would write vividly of his experience there. For example, his simile of Sulva Bay conveys the fearsome context of British positions on a narrow beach. "Our position on that beach was rather like that of a theatre orchestra as he turns his back on the stage and looks up at the tiers of boxes and galleries in front and on either hand.Only in this case they were not filled with an applauding audience but with the enemy and his guns". Wand's autobiography is an evocative but rarely used source of first-hand experience of Gallipoli, and Wand also wrote letters published in the Salisbury Diocesan Chronicle, including a reflection on how the reputation of padres depended on their willingness to display bravery. "The soldier needs not only a man who can preach to him, however eloquently, or pray with him, however movingly, or arranges his recreation for him, however good humouredly, but one who will lay his remains to rest in his last resting place in spite of the terror by night or the arrow that flieth by day. And who can blame him?" Wand was attached to Australian hospitals and hospital ships but caught paratyphoid and had to be evacuated to Malta and then to London. He had recovered by April, 1916, and was posted to Rouen and after the Armistice, to Cologne. Archbishop of Brisbane
Demobilised in March 1919, Wand was made perpetual curate of St Mark's, Salisbury, where St Clair Donaldson was bishop.In 1925 Wand became a fellow and the dean of Oriel College, Oxford and university lecturer in church history. Eight years later Bishop St Clair Donaldson was asked by archbishop Cosmo Lang to nominate a candidate for the see of Brisbane as archbishop. Wand was consecrated in St Paul's Cathedral, London, on 1 May 1934, by archbishop Lang, together with the new bishop of Johannesburg and the suffragan bishop of Plymouth. He was enthroned in St John's Cathedral, Brisbane on 5 September, after arriving in Brisbane on 30 August. Wand's arrival in Queensland was almost immediately clouded by the death in a climbing accident, near Chamonix-Mont-Blanc on the France/Switzerland border, of his only son, Paul (1912–34). He had a difficult reception: those who had wanted a local dignitary as their new bishop united to oppose Wand. His attempts to eradicate slackness made him appear authoritarian to his clergy.Sturdy in appearance, shy and gracious, Wand was often seen as being aloof and something of an intellectual snob though this belied his natural humour and quick wit. The decision to move St Francis's Theological College from Nundah to the Bishopsbourne property was unpopular, although Wand's relations with its students won him their respect and affection and its proximity to the Archbishop's home improved the standards of training. His establishment of a property and finance board to handle the economic problems of the diocese also did not meet with general favour. As a member of the University of Queensland senate, Wand worked to promote biblical studies and helped to create the first university theological faculty in Australia. During his episcopate he wrote a weekly article for The Courier-Mail, translated the New Testament epistles and gave the Moorhouse lectures in Melbourne in 1936. He consecrated Ss Peter and Paul Cathedral, Dogura, Papua (now Papua New Guinea) on 29 October 1939. The date was continually altered owing to the start of World War II and its isolated position.Dogura is in Milne Bay Province. The cathedral was built on a battle site, held 800 with a further 500 standing outside at the consecration. Wand made a lecture tour of the United States of America in 1940. He argued in support of a new constitution for the Church, but thought that the proposed appellate tribunal should have a majority of bishops, rather than legal laymen, to determine points of doctrine. Bishop of Bath and Wells
During World War II, when Brisbane resembled a garrison town, Wand and his wife worked for the Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen's Help Society. His 1942 address to the Royal Society of St George defended the British war effort and was published as the pamphlet, "Has Britain Let Us Down?" This brought Wand to the attention of Brendan Bracken, Minister of Information, and of Prime Minister Winston Churchill.It was already known that Wand was unpopular in Australia since the Archbishop of Perth had written to the Archbishop of Canterbury, <mask>, asking Temple to find a post for Wand in England. The death of the Bishop of Bath and Wells provided that opportunity. Early in 1943, Wand was offered the see of Bath and Wells, and the family left Brisbane in July the same year. Bishop of London
Wand was surprisingly translated to London two years later, being interviewed personally by Winston Churchill at a lunch he described in his autobiography. Both appointments caused some dissension since Wand was suspected ‘...of Papish practice, and was roughly handled by Protestant demonstrators at his confirmation ....’

In London post-war difficulties, including the rebuilding of shattered city churches, challenged and revealed Wand's administrative gifts. As bishop, Wand was a privy counsellor; in 1955 he was appointed KCVO; in 1946-57 he was prelate of the Order of the British Empire. He resigned his see as Bishop of London in 1956.Archbishop Fisher had preceded Wand at London, and was no admirer of Wand, writing after Wand's retirement, ‘Wand had been interested only in certain aspects of diocesan life. It was high time that the Diocese of London was placed in firm hands’. Conversely, the scholarly Canon Charles Smyth wrote of Wand that he ‘ Was methodical, patient, shrewd, far-sighted, never complacent, but always cheerful, and physically robust.’ Dean Marcus Wright noted ‘There was nothing deceitful or ‘smooth’ about him: he was a straight man of integrity and you always knew where you were with him. He was no actor.’ High-powered as Wand was, the human side was expressed through a supply of detective stories read in bed at night and, as a family man, notably Saturday afternoons ‘sacred to the weekly visit to the cinema with Mrs Wand'. With the Bishop of Fulham Basil Batty, he supported the early ecumenical movement. He was the first Chairman of the Executive body of the British Council of Churches, attending the 1948 foundation of the World Council of Churches in Amsterdam. Seretse Khama affair
On 25 September 1948, Seretse Khama, a 27-year-old black African man, and <mask>, a 24-year-old white English woman, went to the Anglican St George's Church in Campden Hill, London, to get married.Half an hour before the service their vicar, the Reverend Leonard Patterson, under severe pressure from various parties opposed to the inter-racial marriage, told the couple he was not willing to perform at the ceremony. Khama, who was heir to the kingship of the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, and <mask>, who was a London insurance clerk, pleaded with Patterson to change his mind, but instead he took them to the nearby St Mary Abbots church in Kensington to meet <mask>, who, as Bishop of London, was performing an ordination. There they attempted to gain Wand's consent to be married in the Church of England. However, Wand refused such permission without even speaking to the couple himself, sending the Archdeacon of Middlesex with a message that read: "Get in touch with the Colonial Office. When they agree to the wedding, I will". Although senior officials at the Colonial Office had no say over whether the couple could get married in a church, or indeed anywhere else, they had made it known through various back channels that they were opposed to the union, not only because they found it distasteful but because they believed that, given Khama's royal status, it would create political difficulties with apartheid South Africa, a neighbouring state to Bechuanaland. Wand's refusal to sanction a church ceremony forced Khama and <mask> to get married in a civil service four days later, at Kensington Registry Office in London.Latter years
After resigning as bishop, Wand was appointed minor canon and later Canon Treasurer of St Paul's Cathedral, London, until 1969 and edited The Church Quarterly Review. A wide-ranging and facile historian, he wrote forty-five books, among them a History of the Modern Church (1930), History of the Early Church (1937), White of Carpentaria (1949), Anglicanism in History and Today (1961) and an autobiography, The Changeful Page (1965). Survived by a daughter, Wand died on 16 August 1977 at the College of St Barnabas, Lingfield, Surrey, and was cremated. An obituary in the Church Times paid tribute to his scholarship, administrative genius and unsentimental piety. Selected works

A History of the Modern Church from 1500 to the Present Day, 1930. A History of the Early Church to A.D. 500, Methuen, 1937. The Authority of the Scriptures, Mowbray, 1949.Seven Steps to Heaven, Longman, Green & Co. Ltd, 1956. The Church Today: A brief description of the Christian Church in its external variety and its inner unity, Penguin, 1968. Notes

References

Sources
F. R. Arnott, 'Wand, <mask> Charles (1885 - 1977)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 12, MUP, 1990, p. 377. Retrieved 19 January 2010

External links
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury

1885 births
1977 deaths
People from Grantham
Anglican archbishops of Brisbane
Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
Bishops of Bath and Wells
Bishops of London
Deans of the Chapel Royal
20th-century Anglican bishops in Australia
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Officers of the Order of St John
Alumni of St Edmund Hall, Oxford
Prelates of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at The King's School, Grantham
20th-century Church of England bishops

masks:
John William Charles Wand
William Wand
Arthur James Henry Wand
Wand
William Temple
Ruth Williams
Williams
Wand
Williams
John William


texts:
<mask> of France ( – 22 August 1358), sometimes described as the She-Wolf of France (), was Queen of England as the wife of King Edward II, and regent of England from 1327 until 1330. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre. <mask> was notable in her lifetime for her diplomatic skills, intelligence, and beauty. She overthrew her husband, becoming a "femme fatale" figure in plays and literature over the years, usually portrayed as a beautiful but cruel and manipulative figure. <mask> arrived in England at the age of 12 during a period of growing conflict between the king and the powerful baronial factions. Her new husband was notorious for the patronage he lavished on his favourite, Piers Gaveston, but the queen supported Edward during these early years, forming a working relationship with Piers and using her relationship with the French monarchy to bolster her own authority and power. After the death of Gaveston at the hands of the barons in 1312, however, Edward later turned to a new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger, and attempted to take revenge on the barons, resulting in the Despenser War and a period of internal repression across England.<mask> could not tolerate Hugh Despenser and by 1325 her marriage to Edward was at a breaking point. Travelling to France on a diplomatic mission, <mask> may have begun an affair with Roger Mortimer, and the two may possibly have agreed at this point to depose Edward and oust the Despenser family. The Queen returned to England with a small mercenary army in 1326, moving rapidly across England. The King's forces deserted him. <mask> deposed Edward, becoming regent on behalf of her son, Edward III. Some believe that <mask> then arranged the murder of Edward II. <mask> and Mortimer's regime began to crumble, partly because of her lavish spending, but also because the Queen successfully, but unpopularly, resolved long-running problems such as the wars with Scotland.In 1330, aged 18, Edward III forcibly asserted his authority, and Mortimer was executed. <mask> lost her regency and was put under arrest for two years, but afterwards she lived for many years in considerable style; though she did not reside at court, she often visited to see her grandchildren. Early life and marriage: 1295–1308

<mask> was born in Paris on an uncertain date—on the basis of the chroniclers and the eventual date of her marriage, she was probably born between April 1295 and January 1296. She is described as born in 1292 in the Annals of Wigmore, and Piers <mask> agrees, claiming that she was 7 years old in 1299. The French chronicler Guillaume de Nangis and English chronicler Thomas Walsingham describe her as 12 years old at the time of her marriage in January 1308, placing her birth between January 1295 and of 1296. A papal dispensation by Clement V in November 1305 permitted her immediate marriage by proxy, despite the fact that she was probably only 10 years old. Since her brother Charles was born on 18 June 1294, and she had to reach the canonical age of 12 before her marriage in January 1308, the evidence suggests that she was born between April 1295 and January 1296.Her parents were King Philip IV of France and Queen Joan I of Navarre; her brothers Louis, Philip and Charles became kings of France. <mask> was born into a royal family that ruled the most powerful state in Western Europe. Her father, King Philip, known as "le Bel" (the Fair) because of his good looks, was a strangely unemotional man; one contemporary described him as "neither a man nor a beast, but a statue"; modern historians have noted that he "cultivated a reputation for Christian kingship and showed few weaknesses of the flesh". Philip built up centralised royal power in France, engaging in a sequence of conflicts to expand or consolidate French authority across the region, but remained chronically short of money throughout his reign. Indeed, he appeared almost obsessed about building up wealth and lands, something that his daughter was also accused of in later life. <mask>'s mother died when <mask> was still quite young; some contemporaries suspected Philip IV of her murder, albeit probably incorrectly. <mask> was brought up in and around the Louvre Palace and the Palais de la Cité in Paris.<mask> was cared for by Théophania de Saint-Pierre, her nurse, given a good education and taught to read, developing a love of books. As was customary for the period, all of Philip's children were married young for political benefit. <mask> was promised in marriage by her father to Edward, the son of King Edward I of England, with the intention to resolve the conflicts between France and England over the latter's continental possession of Gascony and claims to Anjou, Normandy and Aquitaine. Pope Boniface VIII had urged the marriage as early as 1298 but it was delayed by wrangling over the terms of the marriage contract. The renewal of the Anglo-French truce in 1299 led to the marriage of Edward I to Philippe's sister Margaret further anticipating the marriage of <mask> to Edward II. In 1303 Edward I may have considered a Castilian bride for Edward II instead of <mask> and even increased her dowry before the wedding. Edward I attempted to break the engagement several times for political advantage, and only after he died in 1307 did the wedding proceed.<mask> and Edward II were finally married at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 25 January 1308. <mask>'s wardrobe gives some indications of her wealth and style—she had dresses of baudekyn, velvet, taffeta and cloth, along with numerous furs; she had over 72 headdresses and coifs; she brought with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. At the time of her marriage, <mask> was probably about twelve and was described by <mask> of Paris as "the beauty of beauties... in the kingdom if not in all Europe." This description was probably not simply flattery by a chronicler, since both <mask>'s father and brothers were considered very handsome men by contemporaries, and her husband was to nickname her "<mask> the Fair". <mask> was said to resemble her father, and not her mother, queen regnant of Navarre, a plump, plain woman. This indicates that <mask> was slender and pale-skinned, although the fashion at the time was for blonde, slightly full-faced women, and <mask> may well have followed this stereotype instead. Throughout her career, <mask> was noted as charming and diplomatic, with a particular skill at convincing people to follow her courses of action.Unusual for the medieval period, contemporaries also commented on her high intelligence. Queenship
As queen, the young <mask> faced numerous challenges. Edward was handsome, but highly unconventional, possibly forming close romantic attachments to first Piers Gaveston and then Hugh Despenser the Younger. Edward found himself at odds with the barons, too, in particular his first cousin Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster, whilst continuing the war against the Scots that he had inherited from Edward I. Using her own supporters at court, and the patronage of her French family, <mask> attempted to find a political path through these challenges; she successfully formed an alliance with Gaveston, but after his death at the hands of the barons her position grew increasingly precarious. Edward began to take revenge on his enemies, using an ever more brutal alliance with the Despenser family, in particular his new favourite, Hugh Despenser the Younger. By 1326 <mask> found herself at increasing odds with both Edward and Hugh, ultimately resulting in <mask>'s own bid for power and the invasion of England.Fall of Gaveston: 1308–1312

Edward was an unusual character by medieval standards. Edward looked the part of a Plantagenet king to perfection. He was tall, athletic, and wildly popular at the beginning of his reign. He rejected most of the traditional pursuits of a king for the period—jousting, hunting and warfare—and instead enjoyed music, poetry and many rural crafts. Furthermore, there is the question of Edward's sexuality in a period when homosexuality of any sort was considered a serious crime, but there is no direct evidence of his sexual orientation. However, contemporary chroniclers made much of his close affinity with a succession of male favourites; some condemned Edward for loving them "beyond measure" and "uniquely", others explicitly referring to an "illicit and sinful union". Nonetheless, <mask> bore four children by Edward, leading to an opinion amongst some historians that Edward's affairs with his male favourites were platonic.When <mask> first arrived in England following her marriage, her husband was already in the midst of a relationship with Piers Gaveston, an "arrogant, ostentatious" soldier, with a "reckless and headstrong" personality that clearly appealed to Edward. <mask>, then aged twelve, was effectively sidelined by the pair. Edward chose to sit with Gaveston rather than <mask> at their wedding celebration, causing grave offence to her uncles Louis, Count of Évreux, and Charles, Count of Valois, and then refused to grant her either her own lands or her own household. Edward also gave Gaveston <mask>'s own jewelry, which he wore publicly. <mask> complained to her father that Gaveston took her place next to Edward II, she received insufficient funds and Edward visited Gaveston's bed more than hers. It took the intervention of <mask>'s father, Philip IV, before Edward began to provide for her more appropriately. <mask>'s relationship with Gaveston was a complex one.For a time her dislike of him was widely known and she was said to be in contact with her father, the pope and cardinals in order to have him exiled. Baronial opposition to Gaveston, championed by Thomas of Lancaster, was increasing, and Philip IV began to covertly fund this grouping, using <mask> and her household as intermediaries. Edward was forced to exile Gaveston to Ireland for a period, and began to show <mask> much greater respect, assigning her lands and patronage; in turn, Philip ceased his support for the barons. Gaveston eventually returned from Ireland, and by 1309–11 the three seemed to be co-existing together relatively comfortably. Indeed, Gaveston's key enemy, <mask>'s uncle Thomas of Lancaster, considered her to be an ally of Gaveston's. <mask> had begun to build up her own supporters at court, principally the de Beaumont family, itself opposed to the Lancastrians; originating, like her, in France, the senior member of the family, <mask> Vesci, had been a close confidant of Edward's mother Eleanor; supported by her brother, Henry de Beaumont. During 1311, however, Edward conducted a failed campaign against the Scots, during which <mask> and he only just escaped capture.In the aftermath, the barons rose up, signing the Ordinances of 1311, which promised action against Gaveston and expelled <mask> Vesci and Henry de Beaumont from court. 1312 saw a descent into civil war against the king;—<mask> stood with Edward, sending angry letters to her uncles d'Évreux and de Valois asking for support. Edward left <mask>, rather against her will, at Tynemouth Priory in Northumberland whilst he unsuccessfully attempted to fight the barons. The campaign was a disaster, and although Edward escaped, Gaveston found himself stranded at Scarborough Castle, where his baronial enemies first surrounded and captured him. Guy de Beauchamp and Thomas of Lancaster ensured Gaveston's execution as he was being taken south to rejoin Edward. Tensions grow: 1312–1321
Tensions mounted steadily over the decade. In 1312, <mask> gave birth to the future Edward III, but by the end of the year Edward's court was beginning to change.Edward was still relying upon his French in-laws—<mask>'s uncle Louis, for example, had been sent from Paris to assist him—but Hugh Despenser the Elder now formed part of the inner circle, marking the beginning of the Despensers' increased prominence at Edward's court. The Despensers were opposed to both the Lancastrians and their other allies in the Welsh Marches, making an easy alliance with Edward, who sought revenge for the death of Gaveston. In 1313, <mask> travelled to Paris with Edward to garner further French support, which resulted in the Tour de Nesle Affair. The journey was a pleasant one, with many festivities, although <mask> was injured when her tent burned down. During the visit her brothers Louis and Charles put on a satirical puppet show for their guests, and after this <mask> had given new embroidered purses both to her brothers and to their wives. <mask> and Edward then returned to England with new assurances of French support against the English barons. Later in the year, however, <mask> and Edward held a large dinner in London to celebrate their return and <mask> apparently noticed that the purses she had given to her sisters-in-law were now being carried by two Norman knights, Gautier and Philippe d'Aunay.<mask> concluded that the pair must have been carrying on an illicit affair, and appears to have informed her father of this during her next visit to France in 1314. The consequence of this was the Tour de Nesle Affair in Paris, which led to legal action against all three of <mask>'s sisters-in-law; Blanche and Margaret of Burgundy were imprisoned for life for adultery. Joan of Burgundy was imprisoned for a year. <mask>'s reputation in France suffered somewhat as a result of her perceived role in the affair. In the north, however, the situation was turning worse. Edward attempted to quash the Scots in a fresh campaign in 1314, resulting in the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Bannockburn. Edward was blamed by the barons for the catastrophic failure of the campaign.Thomas of Lancaster reacted to the defeats in Scotland by taking increased power in England and turning against <mask>, cutting off funds and harassing her household. To make matters worse, the "Great Famine" descended on England during 1315–17, causing widespread loss of life and financial problems. Despite <mask> giving birth to her second son, John, in 1316, Edward's position was precarious. Indeed, John Deydras, a royal pretender, appeared in Oxford, claiming to have been switched with Edward at birth, and to be the real king of England himself. Given Edward's unpopularity, the rumours spread considerably before Deydras' eventual execution, and appear to have greatly upset <mask>. <mask> responded by deepening her alliance with Lancaster's enemy Henry de Beaumont and by taking up an increased role in government herself, including attending council meetings and acquiring increased lands. Henry's sister, <mask> Vesci, continued to remain a close adviser to the Queen.The Scottish general Sir James Douglas, war leader for Robert I of Scotland, made a bid to capture <mask> personally in 1319, almost capturing her at York—<mask> only just escaped. Suspicions fell on Lancaster, and one of Edward's knights, Edmund Darel, was arrested on charges of having betrayed her location, but the charges were essentially unproven. In 1320, <mask> accompanied Edward to France, to try and convince her brother, Philip V, to provide fresh support to crush the English barons. Meanwhile, Hugh de Despenser the Younger became an increasing favourite of <mask>'s husband, and was believed by some to have begun a sexual relationship with him around this time. Hugh was the same age as Edward. His father, Hugh the Elder, had supported Edward and Gaveston a few years previously. The Despensers were bitter enemies of Lancaster, and, with Edward's support, began to increase their power base in the Welsh Marches, in the process making enemies of Roger Mortimer de Chirk and his nephew, Roger Mortimer of Wigmore, their rival Marcher Lords.Whilst <mask> had been able to work with Gaveston, Edward's previous favourite, it became increasingly clear that Hugh the Younger and <mask> could not work out a similar compromise. Unfortunately for <mask>, she was still estranged from Lancaster's rival faction, giving her little room to manoeuvre. In 1321, Lancaster's alliance moved against the Despensers, sending troops into London and demanding their exile. Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, a moderate baron with strong French links, asked <mask> to intervene in an attempt to prevent war; <mask> publicly went down on her knees to appeal to Edward to exile the Despensers, providing him with a face-saving excuse to do so, but Edward intended to arrange their return at the first opportunity. <mask>'s attempts, though heavily praised by the English, had very little impact and she had no lasting effect as a mediator for foreign or domestic affairs. Return of the Despensers, 1321–1326
Despite the momentary respite delivered by <mask>, by the autumn of 1321, the tensions between the two factions of Edward, <mask> and the Despenser, opposing the baronial opposition led by Thomas of Lancaster, were extremely high, with forces still mobilised across the country. At this point, <mask> undertook a pilgrimage to Canterbury, during which she left the traditional route to stop at Leeds Castle in Kent, a fortification held by Bartholomew de Badlesmere, steward of the King's household who had by 1321 joined the ranks of Edward's opponents.Some historians believe that the pilgrimage was a deliberate act by <mask> on Edward's behalf to create a casus belli. Lord Badlesmere was away at the time, having left his wife Margaret de Clare, Baroness Badlesmere in charge of the castle. When the latter adamantly refused the Queen admittance, fighting broke out outside the castle between <mask>'s guards and the garrison, marking the beginning of the Despenser War. Whilst Edward mobilised his own faction and placed Leeds Castle under siege, <mask> was given the Great Seal and assumed control of the royal Chancery from the Tower of London. After surrendering to

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