texts:
<mask> (1746 – 1818) was an important British figure in the early feminist movement. Life
She was born <mask> in Nottingham, the elder daughter of a successful Anglican merchant James Clayton and his Catholic wife Sarah Blatherwick and christened at St Nicholas Nottingham on 18 June 1746. James Clayton was already 70 at the time of <mask>'s birth and died when she was four. <mask>'s sister Sarah predeceased him leaving <mask> as his heiress. <mask> was raised as a Catholic by her mother and educated at the Bar Convent in York. <mask> eloped to marry <mask> of Coxwold, Yorkshire at age 15. Initially they were married in private by a Catholic priest, but <mask>'s guardians insisted that she be married in the Anglican Church and the marriage was conducted at St Nicholas' in Nottingham on 2 May 1762.<mask> seems to have been  descended from the <mask> family of Ugthorpe Old Hall, however <mask> <mask> insists in her memoirs that he is related to the Earl of Derwentwater, a statement confirmed by a reference from Lord Traquair who states that they were "distantly related to the Derwentwater family." <mask>'s parents are described in Letter III of the memoirsof the Memoir (Edinburgh, 1810) as living in Yorkshire, and a 'good old couple' who were 'quite overjoyed' 'at seeing their only surviving son so comfortably provided for.' <mask>'s first mention of her husband's Derwentwater  ancestry occurs when she lists her sons:
“and next Joseph, so named after his father, James, in memory of my father, and the unfortunate Earl of Derwentwater, who forfeited his life in the rebellion of 1715, and Charles after the brother of the Earl of D--, who fell martyr to the same cause, in 1745, from which family I was always told, my husband was a descendent”

The couple had eight children in quick succession, <mask>, <mask>, Joseph, James, Charles, Winifred and Frances. The two latter died as infants. Financial difficulties due to their growing family forced <mask> to invest in the sugar industry, and after unsuccessful speculations <mask>'s inheritance was depleted. The family estates in three counties inherited from James Clayton were sold to pay Joseph's debts. From this point in 1783 <mask>'s husband could not provide for the family.She sought positions as a housekeeper at Traquair House, governess, and in a milliner shop. With hard work she was able to put her sons, Joseph, James and Charles through school. <mask> Senior found work as house steward to Sir John Stanley, 6th Baronet Stanley at Alderley Park in 1783 and was not to see <mask> <mask> again. <mask> senior died in 1804 and Edward Stanley, son of Sir John  and Bishop of Norwich was executor of his will. <mask>'s eldest son Joseph became a merchant, her second son James a pastrycook in Holborn and her youngest son Charles after absconding from the army became a successful though minor painter who died in Salem Massachusetts in 1806. Of <mask> and her husband, <mask> the Rouge Croix Pursuivant writes "Joseph Radclyffe of Coxwold, born in 1726, married the heiress of James Clayton of Nottingham. "Having some little fortune of his own, which was improved by that of his wife, he soon after his marriage kept a house in Grosvenor Square, with a coach and four, and kept it up as the means lasted.His widow, a clever sensible woman, kept a ready-made shoe shop, in about 1795, in Oxford Street, and is now (1810) in Edinburgh, on the bounty, I believe, of some old female acquaintance." While working as housekeeper at Traquair House for the Earl of Traquair and his wife, the former <mask> – a student with <mask> at the Bar Convent, <mask> befriended the controversial Scottish theologian Alexander Geddes. This friendship was to last until his death in 1802. Geddes encouraged her to follow her conscience, leading to her abandonment of Catholicism. This led to further estrangement from her friends and supporters and increased her difficulties in finding employment. Her Memoirs, commenced in 1807, were written to raise money after her final business venture, a pastry shop near Portobello in Scotland failed due to <mask>'s rheumatism and failing health. By the time of the publications of her Memoirs in 1810 she was living on the charity of her friend, Mrs Ferrier of St John's Hill in Edinburgh.Ferrier and Watersons Wax Chandlers of High Street, Edinburgh were the point of sale for the book. <mask> <mask> is often listed as having died in 1810, the date of the publication of her memoirs, however her death certificate lists her of having died of 'a decline' in 1818 in Edinburgh. She is buried in an unmarked grave in Old Calton Cemetery. Works

<mask> is most famous for her book,The Female Advocate; or, An Attempt to Recover the Rights of Women from Male Usurpation (1799). This book discussed how men working in millinery and other occupations took jobs away from women forcing them to prostitution. <mask>'s argument was framed in Christianity. She stressed  how respectable women are turning to prostitution because of poverty and lack of respectable work.She argued that lack of education, societal prejudices of what a genteel woman should or should not do, hampered women from obtaining  a job in a respectable establishment. There is disagreement as to whether <mask> <mask> is the author of several Gothic novels attributed to her. Manfroné was one of the most popular Gothic novels of the early nineteenth century and was remembered warmly by William Makepeace Thackeray. “The Memoirs of Mrs <mask> <mask>; in Familiar Letters to Her Female Friend” complicates matters by making no reference to <mask> as a Gothic novelist. Other novels attributed to <mask> <mask> are Radzivil and The Fate of Velina de Guidova, both published in 1790 by William Lane at the Minerva Press. Radclife’s (sic) New Novelist’s Pocket Magazine appeared in 1802, a collection of fictions compiled “by Mrs <mask> Radclife, of Wimbledon in Surrey.” Certainly <mask> was living in Surrey around this time. <mask> <mask> states in her memoirs that it was her intention to publish all of her books anonymously however she was coerced by her publisher into publishing under her name to benefit by the similarities of her name with that of the more famous Gothic novelist <mask>.Her later published book, The Memoirs of Mrs. <mask> <mask>; in Familiar Letters to her Female Friend in 1810, made apparent the strong influence of her life's circumstances on her first book. The memoirs are written in a deliberately cryptic style, using initials instead of names for both places and people, however many can be identified using clues provided by <mask> in the text. For example while working as a companion to an elderly gentleman at R___, she mentions the house as being opposite the place where the Magna Carta was signed, identifying the place as Runnymede. The diaries of Lady Traquair are useful in providing other details of <mask>'s life including her involvement with Alexander Geddes. Publications

 The female advocate or an attempt to recover the rights of women from male usurpation. By <mask> <mask>. London: Printed for Vernor and Hood, NO.31, Poultry, 1799
 The memoirs of Mrs. <mask> <mask> in familiar letters to her female friend. Edinburgh: Printed for the author and sold by Manners & Miller, 1810

References

1746 births
1818 deaths
British women's rights activists
British women writers
British writers
British feminist writers
People from Nottingham

masks:
Mary Ann Radcliffe
Mary Ann Clayton
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Joseph Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Joseph Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Joseph Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Ann
Mary Sarah
Joseph Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Joseph Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Joseph Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
William Radcliffe
Mary Ravenscroft
Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Mary Anne
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Ann Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Radcliffe
Mary Anne
Radcliffe
Mary Ann
Radcliffe


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 2, 1988), more frequently known as <mask> (Chinese:), is a mixed Taiwanese singer and celebrity. Her mother is Taiwanese and her father is Russian American. Career

Nan Quan <mask> was born in California, United States in 1988, and she moved back to Taipei, Taiwan with her older sister, <mask>, and her parents in 2001, where she graduated from Taipei American School in 2006. Having participated in music performances and music groups from a young age, Veronin was discovered in 2005 by Taiwanese pop star Jay Chou and became the female frontman in Chou's second iteration of his band project: "Nan Quan Mama". That same year, <mask> also skyrocketed to fame when she released a duet with Jay Chou titled "Coral Sea" (Chinese:珊瑚海|p=Shān Hú Hăi). In Nan Quan Mama, Veronin acted not only as performer but often also as songwriter and/or lyricist, where she collaborated often with bandmate Chase Chang (Chinese:張傑|p=Zhāng Jíe) on creating tracks. During this time, Veronin also made her first forays into acting, having starred in 2006 Taiwanese drama series Engagement for Love (Chinese:《愛情經紀約》|s=《爱情经纪约》|p=àiqíng jīngjì yuē) with Alex To and Ambrose Hsu.She also was lead actress in 2012 Taiwanese drama series "Alice in Wonder City" (Chinese:《給愛麗絲的奇蹟》|p=gěi aìlìsī dė qíjī). JVR Music

In 2009, <mask> left Nan Quan Mama and started her solo career at Jay Chou's label, JVR Music. On December 6, 2010, she formally released her first solo album, "Hello Lara Liang" (Chinese:《Hello 梁心頤》). Of the eleven songs on the album, one of the songs was an original that her father wrote when he was 19. On October 29, 2012, <mask> released her second solo album titled "Free Spirit" (Chinese:《自由靈魂》), where she started participating in musical and creative direction, composing, and producing as well as in the styling and marketing aspects of album release. Her second album also boasted 11 songs, and she even collaborated with former Nan Quan Mama bandmate Chase on one of the songs, "Fragments"(Chinese:《碎片》|p= suì piàn). Meimeiwawa Multimedia

After much deliberation, Veronin decided to leave JVR Music in 2013 and founded Meimeiwawa Multimedia (Chinese:妹妹娃娃多媒體|p=mèimèiwáwá dūoméitǐ; "Meiwa Media" for short) with her sister Esther Veronin.Meiwa Media, while simultaneously doubling as <mask>'s record label and talent agency, also operates as a creative platform putting out content in music, entertainment, and various other subjects. Over the years, the company has put out several visual ventures such as short films, vlogs, and an internet faux-reality web series, titled "Meiwa Diaries". Temporarily setting aside music, <mask> joined her sister in the ranks of film production and co-wrote a micro movie titled "TAWKI: Taipei As We Know It", where she also played Holly, the lead. Since then, the Veronin sisters have put out multiple short films and micro movies with <mask> as lead actress, including the 2014 production "Who Killed Joanna Wang?" starring Joanna Wang as well as the 2015 productions "Still Better Than Love" and "She Wore Red", which won the award for Best Cinematography in the Tainan 39-Hour Short Film Contestival. In 2015, <mask> released her first single under the Meimeiwawa Multimedia label, a song called "Dida". The accompanying music video was filmed in Taipei and directed by <mask>.The video was selected as the theme song to the "Fluid Sexuality International Film Festival" in 2015 due to the face that it touched upon LGBT themes, something both Veronin sisters have publicly expressed support for. The song was also released in collaboration with Red Cross Society of the Republic of China where a limited amount of physical albums were released for sale, and all profits went towards donations for the Red Cross. Over the next two years, three more of <mask>'s singles were released under Meiwa Media：
2016《Where Do We Go》
2017《Play/Turn》
2017《Sunshine》

In 2018, the Veronin sisters decided to challenge themselves by making <mask>'s third solo album, "Thousand-Faced Beast" into a feature-length film titled "Tomorrow's Star". While <mask> takes her debut on the silver screen, once again, as lead actress, she and Esther do not forget to focus on their imperative of empowering females in the independent art industry. Other actors include known Taiwanese celebrities such as Mathilde Lin, Johnny Lu, Denny Huang, Phoebe Yuan, and Stephen Rong. All eight songs and their music videos from the album were woven into the movie in a manner akin to musical films, and four of the songs ("Thousand-Faced Beast", "Watch Out", "Precious Pain", and "No Absolutes") were also released separately as digital singles. NSMG
Since 2021, <mask> has exclusively partnered with NSMG to release her latest album “Dear You”, a tribute to Mandopop love ballads.Focused tracks "Quitting U" and "No More U" have achieved chart-topping success across streaming platforms. Personal life

Besides voice acting for Disney, Veronin has dabbled in hosting for television and radio, as well as contributed articles to magazines. She stated that one of her first passions was, and is, writing and she hopes to pursue this in various ways in the future. On May 29, 2015, Veronin's mother died after collapsing from a cardiac stress test due to complaints of chest pain. Solo concerts
Since the release of her first album "《HELLO 梁心頤》" in 2010, <mask> has been active in live performances. In 2015 she also took up a residency at Brown Sugar Jazz Club with sister Esther Veronin. While sometimes she performs with a backing track out of convenience, she tries to perform with a live band whenever possible.<mask> also performs frequently at schools and commercial events around Taiwan, as well as in Malaysia, Australia, and North America. Oftentimes during her solo performances, she also invites friends to join her onstage. Some performers that she's collaborated with in live gigs include, but are not limited to: Joanna Wang, Dawen, Maxine Chi, Alex Ni, DJ Noodles, and Haor. Work in Music
While she was with Nan Quan Mama, <mask> took part in the creation and performance of four albums, all distributed by Alfa Music and Sony Music. After leaving Nan Quan Mama, <mask> released two solo albums under JVR Music, and then one more solo albums under Meimeiwawa Multimedia after she left JVR in 2013. She has also received some accolades from competitions or general outstanding musicianship. Albums

Non-Album Music
Apart from releasing music in albums, <mask> also has physical and digital singles, both released and unreleased.Three unreleased singles were written as spokesperson brand theme songs. Awards and Accolades

Songwriting
<mask> has taken on the bulk of her own songwriting as well as occasionally writing for other musicians on their works. Filmography
Apart from being a singer and songwriter, <mask> has also participated in many cinematic projects ranging from music videos to TV series and musicals before even starting her multimedia company. Naturally once she established Meimeiwawa Multimedia, she started taking on the role of writer as well as producer on certain ventures. In her 2018 joint project with her sister of the 《Thousand-Faced Beast》and《Tomorrow's Star》 double feature, she also took up the role of lead actress in her first feature-length film. Musicals and Music Videos

Behind the Scenes

Brand Collaborations

Spokesperson Advertising

References

External links

Profile of <mask> at JVR music
Alice in Wonder City review
Helloasia article about Meiwa Diaries
Helloasia Interview

1988 births
Living people
American musicians of Taiwanese descent
American women musicians of Chinese descent
American people of Russian descent
Taiwanese Mandopop singers
Taiwanese people of Russian descent
Singers from California
21st-century American singers
21st-century Taiwanese singers
21st-century Taiwanese women singers
21st-century American women

masks:
Lara Veronin
Lara Liang
Mama Lara
Esther Veronin
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Esther Veronin
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara
Lara Veronin


texts:
<mask> (1880–1971) was an Italian publisher, anarchist, and prolific author. Early life

<mask> was born on July 4, 1880, in Pistoia, Italy. After finishing elementary school, she became an apprentice at a local printing press, where she became acquainted with the publishing world, and anarchist/socialist ideas. In 1897, she published Pensieri, a book of poems, with her brother. Around the turn of the century, her experience living briefly in Alexandria, Egypt, cemented her interest in Eastern ideas and led to her studying the Arabic language and converting to Islam. Her commitments to anarchism and Islam were lifelong. Career

<mask> moved to Florence and married Luigi Polli, an anarchist bookseller whom she met in the Chamber of Labor, in May 1902.They founded Rafanelli Polli, a publisher of anti-military, anti-clerical, feminist pamphlets authored by Carlo Cafiero, Francesco Saverio Merlino, and <mask> herself. <mask> Polli also published the anarchist periodical La Blouse (1906–1910). She published her first novel () in 1905. Her connection with Polli dissipated, though they remained friendly until his death in 1922. In the early 1900s, <mask> helped to co-found a committee to aid political victims from 1890s revolts and was targeted for distributing revolutionary and anti-military propaganda in Fusignano. She entered a relationship with Giuseppe Monanni, an Arezzo printer who published Vir: novissima rivista di alte questioni sociali on anarcho-futurist ideas influenced by the individualism of Max Stirner and Friedrich Nietzsche. They moved to Milan where they edited Ettore Molinari and Nella Giacomelli's Il grido della folla and La protesta umana.They would publish anarchist and individualist periodicals including La sciarpa nera, La questione sociale, La Rivolta, and La Libertà. <mask> and Monanni founded a press in Milan, later known as , that published multiple works by Rafanelli: Bozzetti sociali, Seme nuovo, and La castità clericale. She dedicated L'ultimo martire del libero pensiero ("The Last Martyr of Free Thought") to Francisco Ferrer, a Catalan pedagogue whose execution had become a cause célèbre and movement. <mask> wrote Verso la Siberia: scene dalla rivoluzione russa ("Towards Siberia: Scenes from the Russian Revolution") during Italian protests against Nicholas II under a pseudonym, Bazaroff, taken from Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. Her press published her brother's Marinai italiani a Tripoli in 1913. The press's image was enhanced by association with the illustrator Carlo Carrà, with whom <mask> had a brief relationship. The press published works by Charles Albert, Charles Darwin, Pietro Gori, Peter Kropotkin, and Elisée Reclus.They paused publishing during World War I. One of their major works was the republication of Nietzsche's complete works in Italian, published between 1926 and 1927. <mask> had a friendship with Benito Mussolini prior to his rise as Italian dictator. Mussolini spoke at a 1913 commemoration of the Paris Commune as the director of Avanti!. <mask> wrote in praise of his oratory ability and stayed in touch via letters and visits for the next year, until his military interventionist stance became readily apparent. She later published their correspondence in Una donna e Mussolini (1946) and privately admitted her error in judging his personality. In the interwar period, she republished Bozzetti sociali and the short stories Donne e femmine (1922).<mask> published two novels under pseudonyms: Incantamento (1921) as Sahra and L’oasi: romanzo arabo (1929) as Étienne Gamalier. Her relationship with Monanni dissipated in the 1930s, as did her militant activism. She worked as a fortune teller, a teacher of Arabic, and editorial work. <mask> continued to write for the anarchist periodical Umanità Nova. She moved to Genoa in the 1940s, where she died on September 13, 1971. Personal life

<mask> and Monanni had a son, Elio Marsillo (1910–1944), whom they called Aini (Arabic for "my eyes"). Selected works

  Una donna e Mussolini: la corrispondenza amorosa, 1975 Rizzoli.Leda <mask>-Carlo Carrà: un romanzo: arte e politica di un incontro, 2005 Centro internazionale della grafica. L'eroe della folla, 1925 Casa Editrice sociale. La caserma... scuola della nazione. Alle madri italiane, Nerbini. Lavoratori, 1959. Bozzetti sociali 1921 Casa editrice sociale. La "castità" clericale Società Ed.Milanese. Valida braccia: opuscolo di propaganda contro la costruzione di nuove carceri, 1907 <mask>-Polli. Per l'idea nostra. Raccolta di articoli e bozzetti di propaganda <mask>-Polli. Amando e combattendo. Racconto sociale, 1906 Serantoni. Un'anarchica femminista e rivoluzionaria eccezionale, 1995 Archivio Famiglia Berneri.Società presente e società avvenire, 1907 Libr. editrice <mask>-Polli. La corona e la blouse: confronto sociale Biblioteca della rivista di letteratura operaia "La blouse". Seme nuovo, 1912 Società editoriale milanese. La bastarda del principe. Madre coronata e madre plebea, 1904 Nerbini. Contro la scuola, 1907 Tip.Polli. La scuola borghese Libreria editrice sociale. Una tragedia <mask>-Polli. Verso la Siberia. Scene della rivoluzione russa. Incantamento. La signora mia nonna.Donne e femmine. L'oasi. Nada. Le memorie di una chiromante. References

Further reading

  Anarchia e romanziera: <mask> <mask>, C. Cusin, 1995, Archivio Famiglia Camillo Berneri. <mask> <mask> - Carlo Carrà : un romanzo: arte e politica in un incontro, Alberto Ciampi, 2005 Centro Internazionale della Grafica. I Belong Only to Myself: The Life and Writings of <mask> <mask>, Andrea Pakieser and <mask> <mask>, 2014 AK Press.Anarcha-feminists
Anti–World War I activists
Converts to Islam
Italian anarchists
Italian anti-fascists
Italian feminists
Italian Muslims
Italian socialist feminists
Futurist writers
Individualist anarchists
Anarchist writers
1880 births
1971 deaths
20th-century Italian women writers

masks:
Leda Bruna Rafanelli
Leda Bruna Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Rafanelli
Leda
Rafanelli
Leda
Rafanelli
Leda
Rafanelli
Leda
Rafanelli


texts:
<mask> (born September 9, 1991) is an American multi-genre singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. He is proficient at more than 30 instruments. <mask> released his self-titled debut album in 2011. It reached number seven on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Top Country Albums, and sold over 1.1 million copies. Its most successful single, "Wanted", sold over 3.5 million copies and made <mask> the youngest male act to ever top the Billboard Hot Country Songs. <mask>' commercial success and his talent both as a songwriter and instrumentalist prompted Billboard to call him the leader of "Country Music's Youth Revolution" in 2014. He has been nominated for five Grammy Awards including Best New Artist, and won the 2012 CMA Award for New Artist of the Year and three BMI Awards.Life and career
<mask> was born on September 9, 1991, at Larniurg Hospital in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana; he is an only child. His parents both have Cajun ancestry, along with English, Scots-Irish, and German. He grew up singing songs in both English and French. <mask> started performing when he was 2. At 4, he began making appearances locally and on national television, including Maury, Rosie O'Donnell Show, and the Nickelodeon game show Figure It Out, where he performed "Jambalaya (On the Bayou)". American Songwriter writes that "<mask> received his first guitar from actor Robert Duvall at age 6" At age 7, he was invited to perform for President Bill Clinton for a White House lawn party. At 13, he appeared on America's Most Talented Kids, a show hosted by Dave Coulier; he performed the hit Hank Williams song, "Hey Good Lookin'".At age 9, <mask> released his debut independent studio album "Through My Eyes" on October 8, 2000, under Suagartown Records and Louisiana Red Hot Records. He released several more independent albums: Make a Wish in 2001, Holidays with <mask> in 2003, Honoring our French Heritage in 2006, and Songs About Nothing in 2008. In 2008, he moved from Breaux Bridge to Nashville, Tennessee, and signed with Universal Music Publishing Group as a songwriter. In 2010, <mask> co-wrote "Play" for the Rascal Flatts album Nothing Like This. In September, he was signed to Atlantic Records Nashville and began working on what would become his major-label debut. <mask> appeared as the opening act of 10 dates of country star Taylor Swift's Speak Now World Tour throughout the summer of 2011 and concluded his leg of the tour in St. Louis, Missouri. In April 2011, he had gone on his own radio tour where he debuted songs that would appear on his debut album.His debut headlining tour was the Most Wanted Tour; the first leg of the tour began on October 8, 2011, in Beaumont, Texas, and ended on December 4, 2011, in San Bernardino, California. <mask> and singer Victoria Justice contributed a duet to the soundtrack of 2011's Footloose remake, recording a cover of Mike Reno's and Ann Wilson's 1984 hit "Almost Paradise" from the original film. From January to February 2012, <mask> was the opening act on the Rascal Flatts "Thaw Out" tour. "Where We Left Off" is an original song, written by <mask>, that can be heard on the soundtrack for the 2012 war film Act of Valor. During the 2012 O Music Awards, The Flaming Lips broke a Guinness World Record (previously held by Jay-Z) for most concerts played in multiple cities in a 24-hr. period. <mask> was the opening act for them at the Hattiesburg stop.In May 2012, Martin Guitars named <mask> as C.F. Martin & Co.'s newest brand ambassador. American Songwriter quoted <mask> on the subject: "It is an absolute honor to be named an official Martin Ambassador and to be recognized by the Martin family." On September 7, 2012, he was inducted at the Mahalia Jackson Theater in New Orleans, Louisiana into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. 2011–2014: <mask> and Storyline

<mask>'s debut single, "Storm Warning", released to radio on May 16, 2011. His self-titled major-label debut album was released on October 11, 2011. He co-wrote every song, played every instrument, and along with Dann Huff, produced the album."Wanted", the second single, was released to radio on March 5, 2012. On July 24, 2012, he appeared on the CBS's The Talk, where he was then given an RIAA Gold Certification plaque for "Wanted". Just shy of two months since "Wanted" went gold, the song was certified Platinum by RIAA on August 23, 2012. "Wanted" became his first No. 1 single, making him the youngest solo male act to top Hot Country Songs, breaking the record set in 1973 by Johnny Rodriguez. Twenty weeks after first appearing in the top spot and under a new chart format, "Wanted" returned to the top spot. "Somebody's Heartbreak", the album's third single, went to No.1 on the Country Airplay chart. Starting September 14, 2012, <mask> began appearing as the opening act on 90+ dates for Carrie Underwood's Blown Away Tour. He was also nominated for three Grammys including Best New Artist at the 2013 Grammy Awards; he is the youngest male country artist to be nominated in all three categories for which he was nominated. The album's fourth single, "I Want Crazy", which is from the deluxe Encore edition, was released to country radio on April 7, 2013. It peaked at number two on the Country Airplay chart in August 2013. Following it was "Everybody's Got Somebody but Me", a re-recording of a song from the original press of the album. The re-recorded version features guest vocals from Jason Mraz.<mask> was one of five country singers who won a CMT Artist of the Year award in 2013. This award is awarded every year to a group of country musicians who have had an outstanding year. <mask> performed "Invisible", the lead single from his second album, at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. Storyline was released on May 6, 2014. In an effort to promote his album and to raise awareness to end child hunger, <mask> broke the Guinness World Record for the most concerts played in multiple cities in 24 hours, previously held by The Flaming Lips. The album's second single, "Tattoo" released to country radio on June 16, 2014. On July 20, 2014, <mask>'s self-titled debut album was certified double platinum by the RIAA.Following that was "Light Me Up", another single from the deluxe version of his debut album, in 2015. 2015–2018: The 21 Project and cancelled album
On May 21, 2015, <mask> released "21", which was the title track for both his EP and third studio album, The 21 Project. He also appeared on the track "I Can Play Guitar" on Brett Kissel's album Pick Me Up. On November 2, 2016, <mask> performed with four holograms of himself on Jimmy Kimmel Live's after the CMA show. In March 2017, <mask> performed as part of the C2C: Country to Country festival in the UK where he played alongside Dan + Shay and Darius Rucker supporting Reba McEntire and will return in 2019 with Carly Pearce and Dustin Lynch in support of Lady A. Following "21," <mask> released several songs including “Yesterday’s Song” which were slated to be part of a studio album set to be released in February 2018. <mask> then cancelled the project citing ‘shifted priorities’.<mask> also appeared as a guest in a Nickelodeon show, Bella and the Bulldogs. 2018–present: Wild Blue and Red Sky
In December 2018, <mask> guest starred on Darci Lynne: My Hometown Christmas. He also recorded a duet with Irish singer Catherine McGrath for her debut album Talk of This Town. In January 2019, <mask> released his first radio single in three years titled "Heartbreak" which was the lead single for an upcoming album to be released by Warner Music Nashville. <mask> headlined the Closer to You Tour in 2019 with Levi Hummon and Tegan Marie as supporting acts. In August 2019, <mask> made a surprise announcement on NBC's Today Show revealing his album Wild Blue (Part I) would be released on August 16, 2019. The album is the first part of a three-part ‘trilogy’ of albums.In April 2020, <mask> competed in the third season of The Masked Singer as "Astronaut". In June 2020, the Saskatchewan-based Hunter Brothers released their single "Hard Dirt", co-written and produced by <mask>. He also co-wrote and produced their 2021 single "Been a Minute". In October 2021, <mask> released the album Wild Blue Complete an extension of the album Wild Blue (Part I). Discography

 Through My Eyes (2000)
 Make a Wish (2001)
 Holidays with <mask> (2003)
 Honoring Our French Heritage (2006)
 Songs About Nothing (2008)
 <mask> (2011)
 Storyline (2014)
 The 21 Project (2015)
 Wild Blue (Part I)  (2019)
 Red Sky (Part II) (TBA)

Tours
Headlining
 Most Wanted Tour (2011)
 Let's Be Crazy Tour, with Ashley Monroe (2013)
 We're Not Invisible Tour, with Danielle Bradbery and Dan + Shay (2014)
 24 Hour Road Race to End Child Hunger (2014)
 Tattoo (Your Name) Tour, with Dan + Shay and The Railers (2014)
 Let's Be Crazy / Crazier UK Tour (2015)
 21 Tour, with Ryan Lafferty and Kelsea Ballerini (2015)
 Closer to You Tour, with Levi Hummon and Tegan Marie (2019)

Supporting
 Speak Now World Tour – Taylor Swift (2011)
 Blown Away Tour – Carrie Underwood (2012)
 Wheels Up Tour – Lady Antebellum  (2015)
 C2C: Country to Country – Reba McEntire  (2017), Lady Antebellum with Dustin Lynch and Carly Pearce (2019)

Filmography

Awards and nominations

Academy of Country Music Awards
The Academy of Country Music Awards, also known as the ACM Awards, were first held in 1966, honoring the industry's accomplishments during the previous year. It was the first country music awards program held by a major organization. The academy's signature "hat" trophy was created in 1968.The awards were first televised in 1972 on ABC. American Country Awards
The American Country Awards is a country music awards show, entirely voted on by fans. Created by the Fox Network, the awards honor country music artists in music, video, and touring categories. <mask> has won two awards from five nominations. Grammy Awards
A Grammy Award (originally called Gramophone Award), or Grammy, is an accolade by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) of the United States to recognize outstanding achievement in the music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest. Other awards

References

External links

 <mask> at Country Music Television

1991 births
Living people
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
American child singers
American country guitarists
American country singer-songwriters
American male guitarists
American male singer-songwriters
American multi-instrumentalists
Atlantic Records artists
Cajun accordionists
Singer-songwriters from Louisiana
People from Breaux Bridge, Louisiana
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Louisiana
21st-century accordionists
Country musicians from Louisiana
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers

masks:
Hunter Easton Hayes
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texts:
<mask> (, 10 December 1902 – 16 July 1989) was a Russian-born Israeli actor whose stage, film, and television career in Israel and West Germany spanned six decades. He immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924 and studied drama at the Eretz Israel Theatre in Tel Aviv. After performing with several theatre companies between 1928 and 1948, he joined Habima Theatre in 1949 and became one of its principal players. He was known as "the Israeli Laurence Olivier". In 1968 <mask> traveled to Hamburg to join the German-language production of Fiddler on the Roof (titled Anatevka), playing the lead role of Tevye the Dairyman. He performed this role more than 1,400 times throughout West Germany and Switzerland. His notable film roles include the lead in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters, Simon Wiesenthal in the 1974 Anglo-German film The Odessa File, and Jethro in the 1974 BBC television miniseries Moses the Lawgiver.He was the recipient of numerous honors in both Israel and West Germany, including the Federal Service Cross from the Federal Republic of Germany and the Israel Prize. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Smorgon, Russian Empire,  in 1902. During World War I he fled to Ukraine, but was expelled from the country during the Russian Revolution. He then traveled to Poland, entered Hamburg, Germany, on a forged Polish passport, and finally immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924. Stage career

In his early years in Mandatory Palestine, <mask> was employed in draining swamps, field work, and construction. He studied at the studio of drama at the Eretz Israel Theatre in Tel Aviv and performed with a number of theatre companies between 1928 and 1948, including the Eretz Israel Theatre, Hakumkum (The Kettle), and Hamatate (The Broom). In 1949 he responded to a newspaper advertisement seeking new performers at the Habima Theatre in Tel Aviv and became one of that theatre's principal players.He was known as "the Israeli Laurence Olivier". At Habima, <mask> performed a wide variety of dramatic roles, including Iago in Othello and the cardinal in The Deputy. He also performed satire, as in Ephraim Kishon's 1953 play Yiddishpiel. <mask> formed several artistic partnerships. He and another Habima actor named <mask>, <mask> Segal, created a Yiddish-speaking comedic team called The Shmuliks; they were later joined by a third Habima actor, <mask> Atzmon. The Three Shmuliks performed in Israel and abroad. In 1985, The Three Shmuliks were part of the Israeli delegation of actors, writers, and public figures invited by the Polish government to the 35th-anniversary celebration of the Yiddish State Theater in Warsaw.With Segal and another Habima actor named Goldenberg, <mask> was also a member of Die Kleine Mentshalach ("The Little People"), a Yiddish-language trio that performed dramatic readings of works by Sholem Aleichem. <mask> formed a third, satirical trio with Jacob Timen and Esther Gamlielit of Hamatate (The Broom Theater). Tevye the Dairyman
In 1965, <mask> replaced Bomba Tzur in the role of Tevye the Dairyman in the second year of the Israeli production of the musical Fiddler on the Roof, staged at the Godik Theater. <mask> went on to appear in 350 performances in Israel. During a 10–week absence due to illness, <mask> was replaced by Chaim Topol, launching Topol's own career as Tevye on stage and screen. <mask> briefly acted in a Yiddish-language production of the musical which was not as successful as the Hebrew-language ones. <mask> reprised the role of Tevye on screen in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters.In 1968 <mask> traveled to Hamburg to join the German-language production of Fiddler on the Roof, titled Anatevka, which premiered on February 1. <mask> became popular throughout West Germany for his portrayal of Tevye, performing the role more than 1,400 times. He also toured with a production in Switzerland. He appeared on the German-language recording of the Hamburg premiere. On September 4, 1972, the evening before a Palestinian terrorist group infiltrated the Israeli Olympic athletes' quarters during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the Israeli team attended a German-language performance of Fiddler on the Roof at the Deutsches Theater in Munich as guests of <mask>, the lead actor. The Israelis received glasses of wine during the intermission and posed for pictures with <mask>. The last play in which <mask> acted was "The Spine", which premiered on January 10, 1988 at the Habima Theatre.He played the role of Dr. Willy. The production ran for only seven performances and then was closed in deference to <mask>'s illness. <mask> died the following year. Film and television
<mask> first appeared on screen in the 1935 Israeli film Zot Hi Ha'aretz (This is the Land). He was cast as Reb Pinchas in the Israeli film Shnei Kuni Lemel (The Flying Matchmaker), which was the Israeli entry for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1966. Other notable roles included Tevye in the 1968 Israeli film Tevye and His Seven Daughters, Simon Wiesenthal in the 1974 Anglo-German film The Odessa File, and Jethro in the BBC television miniseries Moses the Lawgiver. <mask> appeared in other film and television roles in West Germany and Switzerland.Honors and awards
<mask> received numerous honors and awards in Israel and West Germany. In 1983 he received the Federal Service Cross from the Federal Republic of Germany, and the Rudolf Küstermeier Prize in Tel Aviv, the latter recognizing his contribution to "the interpretation of Israeli culture in West Germany". <mask> was named a Worthy Citizen of Tel Aviv in 1982. He received the Israel Prize for lifetime achievement in 1983 and the Meyer Margalit Prize in 1984. President of Germany Gustav Heinemann praised <mask> as "Israel's greatest ambassador of reconciliation". Personal life

<mask> met his wife, stage actress Raya Nura Shein, when both were studying at the Eretz Israel Theatre. They married in 1928.<mask> died of a heart attack in Tel Aviv on 16 July 1989. Notwithstanding his fame, he died impoverished. In 2001-2002 the Tel Aviv Municipality affixed a memorial plaque to <mask>'s home at 1 Rachel Street as part of its effort to honor artists and intellectuals who had resided in the city. Filmography

Sources:

Discography
<mask>'s recordings include:

Albums
<mask> <mask> Singt Lieder Seiner Heimat In Deutscher Sprache [<mask> <mask> Sings Songs of His Homeland in German Language] (1968)
Anatevka (Deutsche Originalaufnahme) (Anatevka original German-language recording) (1968)
 <mask> Rodensky Liest Satiren Von Ephraim Kishon (Shmuel Rodensky Reads Satires by Ephraim Kishon) (1974)

Singles
Wenn Ich Einmal Reich Wär / Zum Wohl ["If I Were a Rich Man"] (1968)

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 <mask> <mask> and <mask> Segal on the Lack of Human Logic" Hebrew-language comedy routine, 1984

1902 births
1989 deaths
People from Smarhon’
People from Oshmyansky Uyezd
Belarusian Jews
Jews of the Russian Empire
Polish emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Ashkenazi Jews in Mandatory Palestine
Israeli people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Israeli male stage actors
Israeli male film actors
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery

masks:
Shmuel Rodensky
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Shmuel
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Shmuel
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texts:
<mask> of Burgundy, also known as <mask> of Dunwich (died 8 March 647 or 648), was a saint and the first bishop of the East Angles. He is widely credited as the man who introduced Christianity to the kingdom of East Anglia. Almost all that is known about the saint originates from The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, completed by Bede in about 731, and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Bede praised <mask> for delivering "all the province of East Anglia from long-standing unrighteousness and unhappiness". <mask>, who originated from the Frankish kingdom of Burgundy, may have been a priest at one of the monasteries in Francia founded by the Irish missionary Columbanus: the existence of a Bishop of Châlons with the same name may not be a coincidence. <mask> travelled from his homeland of Burgundy to Canterbury before being sent by Honorius to Sigeberht of East Anglia's kingdom in about 630, (by sea to Babingley in Norfolk, according to local legend). On arrival in East Anglia, Sigeberht gave him a see at Dommoc (possibly Walton,  Suffolk near Felixstowe or Dunwich in Suffolk).According to Bede, <mask> helped Sigeberht to establish a school in his kingdom "where boys could be taught letters". He died on 8 March 647 or 648, having been bishop for seventeen years. His relics were translated from Dommoc to Soham Abbey and then to the abbey at Ramsey. After his death, <mask> was venerated as a saint: several English churches are dedicated to him. <mask>'s feast date is 8 March. Background and early life

<mask> came from the Frankish kingdom of Burgundy, although his name prevents historians from conclusively identifying his nationality. According to Bede, he was ordained in Burgundy.It is possible that <mask> was associated with Irish missionary activity in Francia, which was centred in Burgundy and was particularly associated with Columbanus and Luxeuil Abbey. Columbanus had arrived in Francia in about 590, after leaving Bangor along with twelve companions and going into voluntary exile. Upon Columbanus's arrival, he was encouraged to stay, and in about 592 settled at Annegay, but was then forced to find an alternative site for a monastery at Luxeuil, when lay people and the sick continually sought the counsel of himself and his fellow monks. The connection between the Wuffingas ruling dynasty and the abbess Burgundofara at Faremoutiers Abbey was an example of the associations that existed at the time between the Church in East Anglia and religious establishments in Francia. Such associations were partly due to the work of Columbanus and his disciples at Luxeuil: together with Eustasius, his successor, Columbanus inspired Burgundofara to found the abbey at Faremoutiers. It has been suggested that a connection between the disciples of Columbanus, (who strongly influenced the Christians of Northern Burgundy) and <mask>, helps to explain how the Wuffingas dynasty established its links with Faremoutiers. Higham notes various suggestions for where <mask> may have originated, including Luxeuil, Châlons or the area around Autun.Other historians have made connections between <mask> and Dagobert I, who had contact with both King Sigeberht of East Anglia and Amandus, a disciple of Columbanus. McLure and Collins note that there was a bishop named <mask> who held the see of Châlons in 626 or 627. They suggest the possibility that <mask> may have become a political fugitive as a result of losing his see at Châlons after the death of Chlothar II in 629. Arrival in the kingdom of the East Angles

<mask> is mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a collection of annals that was compiled in the late ninth century. The annal for 633 in 'Manuscript A' of the Chronicle, states that <mask> "preached the faith of Christ to the East Angles". Another version of the Chronicle, 'Manuscript F', written in the eleventh century in both Old English and Latin, elaborates  upon the short statement contained in the Manuscript A annal:
"Here there came from the region of Burgundy a bishop who was called <mask>, who preached the faith to the people of East Anglia; called here by King Sigeberht; he received a bishopric in Dommoc, in which he remained for seventeen years." Bede describes how the exertions of King Sigeberht of East Anglia "were nobly promoted by Bishop <mask>, who, coming to Honorius, the archbishop, from the parts of Burgundy, where he had been born and, ordained, and having told him what he desired, was sent by him to preach the Word of life to the aforesaid nation of the Angles".Later sources tend to differ from the version of events described by Bede and the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. The Liber Eliensis, an English chronicle and history written at Ely Abbey in the 12th century, states that <mask> came with Sigeberht from Francia and was then made Bishop of East Anglia. According to another version of the story, <mask> travelled from Gaul and reached the hamlet of Babingley, via the River Babingley. He then made his way to Canterbury. He was ordained as a bishop in about 630 or 631 by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Honorius. <mask>'s arrival in East Anglia seems to have coincided with the start of a new period of order established by Sigeberht, that had followed the assassination of Eorpwald and the three years of apostasy that followed Eorpwald's murder. Sigeberht had become a devout Christian before returning from exile in Francia to become king.His accession may have been decisive in bringing <mask> to East Anglia. Peter Hunter challenges the assertion by mediaeval sources that spoke of <mask> and Sigeberht travelling together  from Francia to England, as in his view Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People implied that <mask> went to East Anglia because of Honorius at Canterbury. Bishop of the East Angles
Soon after his arrival at Sigeberht's court, <mask> established a church at Dommoc, his episcopal see, which is widely taken to mean Dunwich, on the Suffolk coast. Dunwich has since been almost totally destroyed by the effects of coastal erosion. Other historians have suggested as an alternative site for <mask>'s see the coastal Walton, Suffolk near Felixstowe, where there was once a Roman fort, Walton Castle, since washed away by the sea. A church and priory were dedicated to him there by Roger Bigod in 1105. Bede related that <mask> started a school, "where boys could be taught letters", to provide Sigeberht with teachers.There is no evidence that <mask>'s school was at Soham, as is maintained by later sources. Bede is unclear as to the origin of the teachers at the school that was established, who may have been from Kent itself or similar to those who were to be found in Kent. The Liber Eliensis mentioned that he also founded the abbey at Soham, in Cambridgeshire and a church at Reedham in Norfolk: "Indeed, one reads in an English source that St <mask> was the original founder of the old monastery of Sehem and of the church at Redham". According to Margaret Gallyon, the large size of the East Anglian diocese would have made the foundation of a second religious establishment at Soham "appear very probable". During his years as bishop, the East Anglian Church was made still stronger when Fursey arrived from Ireland and founded a monastery, at Cnobheresburg, probably located at Burgh Castle, in Norfolk. Death and veneration
<mask> died in 647 or 648, after he had been bishop for seventeen years. After his death, which probably occurred during the reign of Anna of East Anglia,  Thomas, a Fenman, became the second Bishop of the East Angles.<mask> was buried at Dommoc, but his relics were at a later date removed to Soham, according to the twelfth-century English historian William of Malmesbury. His shrine was desecrated by the Vikings when the church was destroyed. Some time later,  "the body of the saint was looked for and found, and buried at Ramsey Abbey". Ramsey was noted for its enthusiasm for collecting saints' relics, and in an apparent attempt to out-compete their rivals from the abbey at Ely, the Ramsey monks escaped by rowing their boats through thick Fenland fog, carrying with them the bishop's precious remains. <mask>'s feast day is celebrated on 8 March. There are six churches dedicated to the saint, located in North Yorkshire and East Anglia. According to the mediaeval Custumal of Bury St Edmunds, known as the Liber Albus, <mask> is said to have visited Babingley, in the northwest of Norfolk, and  'maden... ... the halige kirke'  – "built the holy church".<mask> is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 8 March. The village of Felixkirk (in Yorkshire) and the town of Felixstowe may both have been named after the saint, though an alternative meaning for Felixstowe, "the stow of Filica", has been suggested. Additional information

<mask> as a patron saint of the St. Felix Orthodox Educational Center. Under the blessing of the Rector of the Ss. Cyril and Methodius Theological Institute of Postgraduate Studies Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk, an Eastern Orthodox Educational Center, dedicated to St. <mask>, has been operating in Russia since 2014. Numerous academic disciplines are taught there free of charge. References

Sources

Fiction

External links

Bishops of the East Angles
647 deaths
East Anglian saints
7th-century English bishops
7th-century Christian saints
Year of birth unknown
Burials in Cambridgeshire
Anglican saints

masks: Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix Felix


texts:
<mask><mask> (, Warren; pen name, Probus; May 21, 1825 – April 27, 1902) was a 19th-century American art lecturer, art educator, and writer. A graduate of Ingham University, she contributed for half a century to art literature. Adsit was the first woman to enter the insurance field in the United States, and, as far as is known, in the world. She was possessed of an unusual combination: great literary ability and excellent business sense. At the age of 13, she assumed charge of her own affairs and her future education. Some of her early writings aroused great antagonism, and her identity was withheld by her editor. It was not until many years later that she acknowledged their authorship.On the death of her husband, Charles Davenport <mask>, of Buffalo, New York in 1873, she assumed the entire charge of his business and general insurance agency. After a very successful career in this line, she sold the business and resumed her writing. She contributed to the London Art Journal, writing an interesting series of articles for them on "The Black and White in Art" or "Etching and Engraving". This brought demands for lectures and parlor talks on art, and she began a course of classes for study. For many years, she delivered these lectures in the principal cities of the U.S., and her name was prominently connected with art education both in the U.S. and abroad. <mask> died in 1902. Early life and education
<mask>. Warren was born in Palermo, New York, May 21, 1825.She was of New England Puritan lineage, and was descended from the Mayflower Robinsons on her mother's side, and from the patriotic Warrens of Massachusetts on her father's side, her father being a clergyman and missionary. Her early life was a discipline in self-dependence, which aided and stimulated the development of an inherited force of character, enabling her to combat and conquer adverse conditions, overcome obstacles and from childhood mark out for herself and pursue steadily a career that achieved success. At the age of 13, she assumed entire charge of herself and her fortunes. The expenses of her collegiate study at Ingham University were met by teaching and journalism. Career
Adsit was a regular contributor to the columns of the New York City Baptist Register, the Boston Recorder, the New-York Tribune and the Western Literary Messenger. Her earlier work was mostly in the line of poetic effusions and several series of "lay sermons" under the signature of "Probus." These sermons aroused intense antagonism in clerical circles, on account of their latitudinarianism on theologic questions.Heated and prolonged discussions followed each publication. "Probus," the unknown, was adjudged by a general council "guilty of heresy," and the sermons were denounced and condemned. The series was completed, however, and her identity was held between herself and the editor, and not until many years later, by her own voluntary confession, was the writer identified. Meanwhile, the thought of the clergy, along with the world at large, had broadened, and the sermons were no longer under proscription. She married Charles Davenport <mask>, of Buffalo, December 13, 1862. Her home during the next three years was at 11 North Division Street, in that city. Alternating literary, charitable and church work with her domestic duties, she developed an ideal home.They moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1865, where her husband died in 1873, leaving his widow charged with large responsibilities. Adsit immediately assumed the entire charge and management of a general insurance agency. Protests from family friends and jealous antagonisms on the part of business competitors met her at the threshold of the work, but she won public favor as she gave assurance of ability until the work was crowned with such success as to leave no cause for its further prosecution. Accordingly, Adsit sold the business, with her good will, and resumed writing. Her range of work reached from the political questions of the day to science and art. Her contributions to the London Art Journal for many years brought a request for a series of articles on the "White and Black in Art," or "Etching and Engraving". Finding no satisfactory data for thorough investigation in books, she visited the studios of artists, as well as the workshops of engravers, gathering firsthand the necessary information, even to the practical use of the tools of each craft.An entire year was consumed in this preparatory work. Months before the articles were completed the demand for parlor conversation on the topics which so absorbed her induced Adsit to open her home to groups of ladies and gentlemen, who cared to take up the study in earnest. The field of her labor gradually broadened, and from 1880, she gave lecture courses in nearly all the principal cities of the U.S.. Her name became prominently identified with art education, both in the U.S. and abroad. While Adsit disclaimed being an artist, she was a competent and thorough critic and elucidator of art. Her criticisms of prints, especially, were sought by connoisseurs and collectors. The secret of her success lay in the fact that her work was simply the expression of her own personality, including an abounding enthusiasm which carried her audiences.In a report of its Wisconsin secretary to the Association for the Advancement of Women, of which Adsit is one of the vice-presidents, the writer said: "To Mrs. C. D<mask>'s work is due, directly or indirectly, most of the art interest in our State as well as the entire West." Her own adverse experiences quickened and enlarged her sympathies toward all working women, to whom she gave not only wholesome advice, but also substantial aid. Her home in Milwaukee was a center of art and of social interchange. She died April 27, 1902, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and was buried at Forest Home Cemetery, Milwaukee. References

Bibliography

External links

1825 births
1902 deaths
19th-century American writers
19th-century American women writers
19th-century pseudonymous writers
American art educators
People from Oswego County, New York
Pseudonymous women writers
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century

masks:
Nancy H
. Adsit
Adsit
Adsit
Nancy H
Adsit
. Adsit


texts:
<mask> (2 July 1796, Boppard – 3 March 1871, Vienna) was a German-Austrian cabinet maker, known for the invention of bentwood furniture. Career
Thonet was the son of the master tanner <mask> of Boppard. Following a carpenter's apprenticeship, Thonet set himself up as an independent cabinetmaker in 1819. A year later, he married Anna Grahs, with whom he had seven sons and six daughters. Only five of the sons, however, survived early childhood. In the 1830s, Thonet began trying to make furniture out of glued and bent wooden slats. His first success was the Bopparder Schichtholzstuhl (Boppard layerwood chair) in 1836.Thonet gained substantial independence by acquiring the Michelsmühle, the glue factory that made the glue for this process, in 1837. However, his attempts to patent the technology failed in Germany (1840) as well as in Great Britain, France and Russia (1841). Thonet's essential breakthrough was his success in having light, strong wood bent into curved, graceful shapes by forming the wood in hot steam. This enabled him to design entirely novel, elegant, lightweight, durable and comfortable furniture, which appealed strongly to fashion – a complete departure from the heavy, carved designs of the past – and whose aesthetic and functional appeal remains to this day. At the Koblenz trade fair of 1841, Thonet met Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, who was enthusiastic about Thonet's furniture and invited him to the Vienna court. In the next year, Thonet was able to present his furniture, and his chairs in particular, to the Imperial Family. As the Boppard establishment got into financial difficulties, Thonet sold it and emigrated to Vienna with his family.There, he worked with his sons on the interior decoration of the Stadtpalais Liechtenstein for the Carl Leistler establishment. In 1849, he again opened his own shop together with his four sons. A few years later, in 1853, he transferred the company to his sons under the name Gebrüder Thonet. In 1850 he produced his Nr. 1 chair. The Great Exhibition in London 1851 saw him receive the bronze medal for his Vienna bentwood chairs. This was his international breakthrough.At the next World's Fair, Exposition Universelle in Paris 1855, he was awarded the silver medal as he continued to improve his production methods. In 1856 he was able to open up a new factory in Koryčany, Moravia. The 1859 chair Nr. 14 – better known as Konsumstuhl Nr. 14, coffee shop chair no. 14 – is still called the "chair of chairs" with some 50 million produced and still in production today. The innovative bending technique allowed for the industrial production of a chair for the first time ever.What was revolutionary about the former no.14, which is today's no. 214, was the fact that it could be disassembled into a few components and thus produced in work-sharing processes. The chair could be exported to all nations of the world in simple, space saving packages: 36 disassembled chairs could fit into a one cubic meter box. It yielded a gold medal for Thonet's enterprise at the 1867 Paris World's Fair. At the time, the chair no. 14 cleared the way for Thonet to become a global company. Numerous pieces of bentwood furniture followed.Some models also became icons of design history: the rocking chair no. 1 from 1860, later on in the 19th century the successful models no. 18 and no. 56, around 1900 the elegant no. 209 with its curved armrests, which Le Corbusier adored, and in 1904 the art nouveau armchair 247 by Otto Wagner, the so-called postal savings bank chair, to name but a few. Thonet production peaked in 1912: two million different products were manufactured and sold worldwide. In 1857, <mask>'s sons as Gebrüder Thonet commissioned the first Thonet furniture factory to be built in the Moravian town of Koryčany using their father's plans.In the coming years, five more production sites were established in Central Europe. In 1861, Thonet and his sons established a bentwood furniture factory in Bystřice pod Hostýnem, which is today the oldest still operating factory of its kind in the world. In 1889 the seventh and last production site was added in the town of Frankenberg, Hesse, Germany. After World War I and World War II, this one was the only one to remain owned by the family. It is Thonet's head office until today. As <mask>t died 1871 in Vienna, the Fa. Gebrüder Thonet had sales locations across Europe as well as Chicago and New York City.Today, a museum in the factory in Frankenberg showcases the firm's history and the Thonet design. In 1976 Thonet was divided into a German and an Austrian company (Thonet Vienna). The two companies are independent of each other. In 2006 Gebrüder Thonet became Thonet GmbH. Thonet today
The success of the company Thonet GmbH in Frankenberg, Germany, began with the work of master joiner <mask> (1796–1871). Since he founded his first woodworking shop in 1819 in Boppard, the name Thonet has stood for high-quality, innovative and elegant furniture. Today, Thorsten Muck runs the company with its head offices and production facilities in Frankenberg.<mask>'s direct descendants in the fifth and sixth generation remain involved in the company's business as associates and sales partners. The collection comprises famous bentwood furniture, tubular steel classics from the Bauhaus era, and current designs by famous contemporary architects and designers. Often mispronounced "tho-nay" the name is pronounced "toe-net" with a hard beginning and ending t.

The Museum of Applied Arts, MAK Vienna hosts the largest collection of original Thonet chairs in Austria. References
 Üner, Stefan: Gebrüder Thonet, in: Wagner, Hoffmann, Loos und das Möbeldesign der Wiener Moderne. Künstler, Auftraggeber, Produzenten, ed. by Eva B. Ottillinger, Exhib. Cat.Hofmobiliendepot, Vienna, March 20 – October 7, 2018, pp. 149–152, . Albrecht Bangert: Thonet Möbel. Bugholz-Klassiker von 1830–1930. Heyne, München 1997,
 Hans H. Buchwald: Form from Process. The Thonet chair. Carpenter Center for the Visual arts, Cambridge Mass.1967
 Danko, Peter. Thoughts on Thonet – "Fine Woodworking" January/February 1985: 112–114. Del Ducca, Giuseppe. <mask>. 9 November 1999. (11/9/99)
 "Galerie Thonet." Galerie Thonet.8 November 1999. (11/8/99)
 Gatsura, Genrih (Henry). THONET FURNITURE. "Brothers Thonet" on the furniture market of Imperial Russia. Moscow, 2001, 2013;
 Andrea Gleininger: Der Kaffeehausstuhl Nr. 14 von <mask>t. Birkhäuser, Frankfurt/M.1998,
 Heinz Kähne: Möbel aus gebogenem Holz. Ein Blick in die Sammlung der Stadt Boppard. Boppard 2000
 Heinz Kähne: Thonet Bugholz-Klassiker. Eine Einführung in die Schönheit und Vielfalt der Thonet-Möbel. Rhein-Mosel Verlag, Briedel 1999,
 Labelart WebPage design. Thonet Vienna-Chair No. 14.9 November 1999. Brigitte Schmutzler: Eine unglaubliche Geschichte. <mask> und seine Stühle. Landesmuseum, Koblenz 1996,
Reider, William. Antiques: Bentwood Furniture. Architectural Digest August 1996: 106–111. Thonet.American Craft December 1990: 42–45. Thonet. Gebrüder Thonet GmbH. (11/9/99)
 Alexander von Vegesack: Thonet: Classic Furniture in Bent Wood and Tubular Steel. Rizzoli, New York, 1997,
 RENZI/THILLMANN, sedie a dondolo Thonet – Thonet rocking chairs, Silvana Editoriale, Milano 2006,
 LARA, NATASCHA/THILLMANN, WOLFGANG, Bugholzmöbel in Südamerika – Bentwood furniture in South America – Muebles de madera curvada, La Paz 2008
 THILLMANN, WOLFGANG / WILLSCHEID, BERND, MöbelDesign – Roentgen, Thonet und die Moderne, Roentgen Museum Neuwied, Neuwied 2011,
 Alexander von Vegesack, "Mass Production Chair Man", 1 December 1996, The Independent. Notes

External links

 http://www.thonet.de

 Thonet chairs at the Museum of Applied Arts, MAK Vienna
 Dieter Staedeli Viennese chairs
 bugholzmoebel.at, site displaying photographs, documents of bentwood furniture and blog
 Museum Boppard, site displaying the complete Thonet collection of the Museum Boppard
 thillmann-collection Wolfgang Thillmann, the world's largest private collection of Thonet and bentwood furniture
 Genrih Gatsura | Thonet on the furniture market of Imperial Russia

1796 births
1871 deaths
People from Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis
Furniture makers
Austrian furniture designers
German furniture designers
Purveyors to the Imperial and Royal Court
Austrian people of German descent
Burials at the Vienna Central Cemetery

masks:
Michael Thonet
Franz Anton Thonet
Michael Thonet
Michael Thone
Michael Thonet
Michael Thonet
Michael Thonet
Michael Thone
Michael Thonet


texts:
, also given as Yumeto, Yumito, and Yumeno, was a Japanese impresario responsible for organizing many international exhibitions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Japanese Exhibition King
<mask>o was born in the town of Gonohe, Aomori, either in 1859, as most Japanese sources claim, or 1865, as he stated on several occasions while in the United States. Little is known of his early life. A brief Japanese biography from the Aomori Prefectural Library states that he went to Tokyo with the intention of entering Keio Gijuku but was unsuccessful. According to a 1916 profile in California's Magazine, he "came first to America in 1884." The beginnings of his entrepreneurial career are similarly undocumented. According to the 1916 profile, "At the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 he presented his first conception of an exploitation of Japan on the Midway, which proved highly successful, both as an instructive and popular exhibition and as a financial venture."<mask>'s name does not, in fact, appear among the main organizers of that exposition, but within a few years he would become known as the "Japanese Exposition King." <mask>'s success owed much to his collaboration with another Japanese organizer at the Columbian Expo, Arai Saburō (1867-1951). In subsequent years, "Kushibiki and Arai organized Japanese villages and tea gardens at the Atlanta Cotton States Exposition (1895), Atlantic City (1896-1900), the Buffalo Pan-American Exposition (1901), the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition at Charleston (1902), Coney Island’s Luna Park (opened May 1903), the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis (1904), the Alaska–Yukon–Pacific Exposition in Seattle (1909) and the Panama–California Exposition at San Diego’s Balboa Park (1915)," along with the San Francisco Panama–Pacific International Exposition (1915) and Japan–British Exhibition (1910). Chicago, Atlanta, Nashville, Omaha

Aside from the names and dates of expositions in which they participated, there are few descriptions of what sorts of work Kushibiki and Arai actually did at the expositions they organized, but it can be surmised that they operated as independent entrepreneurial managers or contractors in a style somewhat reminiscent of Professor Risley and his so-called Imperial Japanese Troupe, or Tannaker Buhicrosan's Japanese Village at Knightsbridge, London. Kushibiki worked well with both American and Japanese associates, with excellent collaboration skills and little need for recognition. It was five years before they received any attention in the American press, but five years after that, Kushibiki was declared "undisputedly the best Japanese showman in America." For the Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition, September to December 1895, Japanese commissioner M. Fujisawa requested and received a place off the Midway for a "high class" attraction.Japan was winning the Sino-Japanese War and hoped for international recognition. But the stratagem failed. "The Japanese Village, though located in another part of the park, may be considered a part of the anthropological display of the Midway group," wrote a local historian. Although the Japanese exhibits at the 1897 Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition at Nashville were omitted from its official guidebook, they were at least spared the indignity of the racist depiction of the Chinese Village with its "queer creatures that are almost savages" and theater of "crude acting and dancing." Nor could Kushibiki attract much attention on the Midway at the Omaha Exposition in 1898, where "the German Village, the Streets of Cairo, the Temple of Palmistry, the Japanese Tea-Garden, and a hundred others, offer their various tempting delights." Atlantic City, gardens, nurseries, and landscaping

In addition to their exposition work during this period, Kushibiki and Arai also ran a Japanese tea garden and nursery in Atlantic City. And they took on private landscaping commissions.In 1899 they were hired to construct a fernery (now part of the Morris Arboretum) for wealthy Philadelphia siblings John and Lydia Morris. "To create the distinctive subterranean grotto ambiance, Morris hired Japanese garden makers Kushibiki and Arai to arrange one hundred tons of local Wissahickon schist into rockery formations resembling a cave or mountain cliff accented by delicate waterfalls, a flowing stream bed, and a goldfish pond. Once the plants took hold on the rocky surfaces, entering the fernery felt like a journey through a personal terrarium." The garden contained "about one thousand ferns, representing 523 different varieties," and was considered "one of the finest displays of filmy ferns  (Hymenophyllaceae) in cultivation." Arai's films and the Kawakami tour

In 1896 Kushibiki and Arai returned to Japan, to recruit talent for current and future projects, and bringing along two of what would be Japan's first motion picture projectors. Arai had "bought two Vitascopes and a dozen films" from the Edison Company and began screening in early February in Asakusa. In March Arai arranged screenings at the Kawakami-za in Kanda, a modern Western-style theater opened the previous year by actor-playwright Kawakami Otojirō.Kawakami's meeting with <mask> at the event would have far-reaching effects. "<mask>," according to Joseph Anderson, "had been looking for his next Japanese novelty. He proposed a tour to Kawakami that would 'introduce the New Theatre to American ladies and gentlemen.'" Kawakami hoped to travel to Paris to perform with his troupe at the 1900 Paris Exposition. "At the very least, such a trip could help pay Kawakami's expenses for getting to the exhibition in Paris." In February 1899, Kushibiki visited the Kobe hospital where Kawakami was convalescing after an illness. On March 1, the Miyako Shimbun, a Kyoto newspaper, reported that Kawakami planned to leave in 20 days with his wife Sadayakko, niece Tsuru, and an 18-member troupe.Before their departure, <mask> "left suddenly for San Francisco ahead of the Kawakami company with the explanation that he was called back early because his Atlantic City enterprise was in trouble and he was not feeling well." The Kawakami troupe arrived in San Francisco on May 21 to find that "Kushibiki was not there to take care of them as he promised. He had had a major loss in his business and could no longer afford to sponsor them. So he handed them over to a Japanese lawyer named Kosaku Mitsuse, who became their manager." They were also surprised to find that Kushibiki had featured Sadayakko as the troupe's main attraction. "There was no getting out of it, concluded Yakko. She was going to have to be an actress."Kushibiki's choice of manager proved disastrous: within weeks Mitsuse had driven the troupe into bankruptcy through mismanagement and outright theft. But their eventual success was largely the result of <mask>'s promotion of Sadayakko as actress. By the time they returned to Japan she was recognized as a major international star. New York

In 1901, Kushibiki organized "Fair Japan" at the Buffalo, New York Pan-American Exposition that ran from May to November. On the morning of July 27, running to catch a moving trolley car to the Exposition grounds, he had a tragic mishap. Slipping, his left leg caught under the wheels, and had to be amputated just below the knee. The Buffalo Evening News, reporting the story, described <mask> as "one of the best known among the Pan-American concessionaires."When gangrene set in, a second operation was performed. "At first it was thought he stood but small chance of recovery," but "a strong constitution pulled him through." At the end of August he was still hospitalized; "his partner, Mr. Arai, has had charge of the Japanese village, and a monster benefit has been prepared in behalf of Kushibiki." Finally, on September 26, <mask>, making his first appearance at the Exposition since the accident, "hobbled through the Midway on crutches. In spite of his misfortune he was as philosophic and debonnaire as ever." Kushibiki had little time to lose in organizing his next "Fair Japan" in Charleston for the South Carolina Inter-State and West Indian Exposition, set to open on December 1, 1901. "A Japanese rock garden, complete with Bonsai trees, waterfalls, and bridges, was recreated inside the Fair Japan concession.A typical tea house with quaint booths was attended by geisha girls. There was also a theatre where actors, jugglers, and tumblers entertained fairgoers. Price of admission was 15¢; admission to the theatre was 15¢ extra." The exposition continued until June 20, 1902. Kushibiki had at least three New York projects underway in the summer of 1903. The first was a Japanese Village and Japanese Gardens for Luna Park, an amusement park on Coney Island whose feature attraction was A Trip to the Moon, a popular ride debuted at the Buffalo Exposition two years earlier. The second was a "Japan by Night" installation and concession for the rooftop garden at Madison Square Garden, created to accompany a Japanese-themed play, Otoyo.Japanese writer Yone Noguchi worked as a curio-seller, “doing a pretty good business, selling things between 7 and 12 dollars a night,” and stayed through the summer, as it was “awfully jolly to do such a thing upon the roof full of fresh air and music.” Kushibiki's third New York project was a set of Japanese-style buildings for railroad millionaire Frederick William Vanderbilt's summer camp in the Adirondacks at Upper St. Regis Lake. St. Louis and Portland

Kushibiki's major project for 1904 was the Louisiana Purchase Exposition held in St. Louis from April 30 to December 1, 1904. The St. Louis Exposition received unprecedented support from the Japanese government: $400,000, plus $50,000 from the Japanese colonial government of Formosa, and over $250,000 in Japanese commercial and regional government investments. A large garden featured a replica of Kyoto's famous Kinkakuji. In another part of the grounds was "Fair Japan on the 'Pike' ... a private concession controlled by the Fair Japan Company, which was organized by Y<mask>, S. Arai, and several prominent business men of St. Louis." Visitors passed through a large Niōmon-style gate, said to be a "reproduction of the famous portal at Nikko," built at a cost of $25,000.The exposition would prove to be especially important because the Russo-Japanese War, which began on February 8, 1904, remained in progress through the whole of the exposition. In April, <mask> announced that thirty geisha had embarked from Yokohama and were expected to arrive about April 25. Kushibiki's popularity in St. Louis was mentioned in the local press both before and during the exposition. The St. Louis Republic described him as "an interesting personality," and called him "the Japanese Barnum." "His shrewdness is a tincture of Japanese acumen and very modern business methods of the big Western Republic, which the Japanese as a nation love to emulate." The World's Fair Bulletin described him as "an exceedingly intellectual Japanese, and highly popular among all his brethren of the amusement world.  " <mask> generally received little official credit for his exposition organizing role.Twenty-six members of the Japan Commission at the St. Louis exposition—a president, vice-president, eleven commissioners, six experts, three secretaries, and four attaches (for the most part, government officials, diplomats, and experts with academic credentials)—are named in the exposition's Official Directory, but <mask> and Arai are not among them. But at his next exposition—the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition held in Portland, Oregon the following year—<mask> was appointed as one of Japan's three Commissioners. In an unusual honor, he was also appointed Second Vice-President of the Executive Commissioners' Association, making him the only non-American member of the exposition's executive committee. By the time the exposition opened on June 1, just days after the Japanese navy destroyed the remains of the Russian fleet in the Tsushima Straits, Japan was celebrating imminent victory in the Russo-Japanese War. Jamestown, Jacksonville, and Seattle

Arai Saburo was not among the Portland commissioners. In 1904, he had become interested in Texas rice production after the Southern Pacific Railroad and the Houston Chamber of Commerce invited Japanese farmers to the region. During the St. Louis Expo, he visited Houston, the center of the rice industry."His report was favorable, and there was divided among the Japanese colony at St. Louis a rice plantation in Matagorda county, Tex., covering 8,000 acres." Arai moved to El Campo, grew oranges and figs, and moved again to Alvin and Genoa. His Genoa nursery proved successful, and he remained in the business for decades. In January 1906 Kushibiki could be found in Venice, California organizing fireworks and "installing an extensive exhibit of the art goods of Japan." The following year, he was in Virginia, serving as Commissioner General of the Japanese exhibit at the Jamestown Exposition. By January of 1908 he had moved the Jamestown Japanese exhibits to Jacksonville for the Florida International Exposition, where he held the prestigious position of Director General. The 1909 Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition in Seattle had been originally planned for 1907 but postponed to avoid conflicting with the Jamestown Exposition.The exposition ran from June 1 to October 16. The extensive Japanese architecture at the Expo included a Japanese torii gate design at the south entrance with totem pole style pillars with illuminated eyes. London and Paris

In 1910 Kushibiki was offered an opportunity to participate in the Japan–British Exhibition. The Exhibition, which ran from 14 May to 29 October 1910, was run by Imre Kiralfy's Exhibition Company, but as Ayako Hotta-Lister writes,

After the exhibition ended, Kushibiki went to Paris. The Bulletin de la Société franco-japonaise de Paris describes one garden party he organized for the Franco-Japanese Society on 10 May 1912, with jujitsu, koto and violin music, art, acrobatics, bonseki and refreshments. (Due to insufficient time, the final tea ceremony had to be omitted). San Francisco

Two California cities, San Diego and San Francisco, proposed expositions celebrating the 1914 opening of the Panama Canal.San Francisco, a much larger city, won federal and state support, but San Diego pushed on by raising private funding. The resulting similarly-titled Panama–Pacific International Exposition and Panama–California Exposition ran simultaneously for most of 1915. Kushibiki helped organize the San Francisco Exposition, assisted by a $50,000 subsidy from the Japanese Government. The Panama–Pacific International Exposition took place in what is now San Francisco's Marina District. Most of its buildings and grounds, including Kushibiki's Japanese installations, were subsequently dismantled, among them, replicas of the Great Buddha of Kamakura and the Kinkakuji temple at Kyoto. But several structures, including a pagoda and a temple gate, were moved to the Japanese Tea Garden in Golden Gate Park created for the California Midwinter International Exposition of 1894, which still remains in operation. American legacy
The impact of the work of Kushibiki and Arai on American perceptions of Japan was enormous.Hundreds of millions of people visited the expositions they organized. Parts of some of the buildings and gardens organized by <mask> and Arai are still in existence, though most have been lost due to age, fire, war, vandalism, and changing tastes. The gardens and tea-houses at Jackson Park, Chicago, Fairmount Park, Philadelphia, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco still bear traces of their work. Last years in Japan

The California expositions marked the end of <mask>'s American exposition organizing efforts. Returning to Japan, he reversed his usual strategy and sought to bring exotic American attractions such as aviators and famous baseball players to Japan. His success was limited. He served as manager for air shows by aviators Art Smith and Katherine Stinson in 1916-17.But a plan to bring Babe Ruth and the New York Giants to Japan in 1920 did not happen. Nor did a planned American tour for popular naniwabushi singer Yoshida Naramaru in 1917. In 1920, the Japan Chronicle reported that "a man giving his name as Kushibiki Yumindo" was in talks with the city of Osaka about "a grand pleasure ground to be called the 'American Park.'" The editor concluded that "the report seems rather doubtful so far as its plans are concerned." On July 28, 1924, the Nippu Jiji reported that "K. [sic] <mask>, a show man, well known among Americans and Japanese, died at Kamakura today." According to his obituary in the Japanese American Commercial Weekly, Kushibiki "was known in the United States, France, Italy and England as the 'Japanese Exposition King,' and was one of the first Japanese in America and Europe to introduce Japanese tea gardens and gardens." He was also "the first Japanese to introduce the Curtis aeroplane and the Edison moving picture machine in Japan."Notes

External links

American entertainment industry businesspeople
People from Aomori Prefecture
Japanese theatre managers and producers
Impresarios
Japanese amputees
19th-century births
Year of birth uncertain
1924 deaths

masks:
Kushibiki Yumind
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
. Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki
Kushibiki


texts:
<mask> (22 May 1933 – 29 September 2015) was a foremost Nigerian technocrat, administrator and a former presidential candidate of the All Nigeria People's Party of Nigeria. Educated at the Government College, Ughelli and the University of Ibadan, he emerged in the 1970s as one of Nigeria's leading educated chief executives, when he was at the helm of NAL merchant bank of Nigeria. Over the years, he rose to become a leading boardroom player in Nigeria's corporate environment. He was also a former presidential adviser to President Shehu Shagari and a former president of the Nigerian Institute of Management. In 2013, he founded the Gamaliel & Susan Onosode Foundation (GAMSU), to help improve education in Nigeria, and provide support for educational and societal development causes in Nigeria. Life and career
An Urhobo man, born and raised in Sapele, a suburban city in the current Delta State by a disciplined father, he sometimes credited the strict family background and practice as being a complementary factor in his success as a disciplined civil servant and corporate administrator. Throughout his career, Onosode has chaired several private and public sector businesses and initiatives.He was the Chairman of Dunlop Nigeria Plc (1984–2007), a former chairman of Cadbury Nigeria Plc (1977–93), the Presidential Commission on Parastatals (1981), Nigeria LNG Working Committee and Nigeria LNG Limited (1985–90) and the Niger Delta Environmental Survey (since 1995). He was also the Chairman of Zain Nigeria, a GSM telecommunications company, the oldest GSM operator in Nigeria. Onosode was Presidential Adviser on Budget Affairs and Director of Budget (1983). He was a Fellow of the Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, the Nigerian Institute of Management, of which he was President (1979–82). He was also a Fellow of The Chartered Institute of Bankers of Nigeria, having been elected to membership of its Board of Fellows in 1998. In addition, Onosode was the inaugural President of the Chartered Institute of Stockbrokers, past Pro-Chancellor and Chairman of the Governing Council of the University of Uyo and past and inaugural President & Chairman of Council of the Association of Pension Funds of Nigeria. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Nigerian Academy of Letters and held Honorary D.Sc.degrees of Obafemi Awolowo University (1990), the University of Benin (1995), the Rivers State University of Science and Technology (2003) and University of Lagos (2014) as well as Honorary D.D. degree of The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso (2002). Public service
Primarily a business personality, he saw his career wade through different sectors of the Nigerian economic environment. Though, he was a part of a profligate democratic experiment which was the Nigerian Second Republic, <mask> Onosode tried to bring a disciplined approach to public finance. Towards the end of 1983, when public confidence in the economic direction of the country was eroded and accountability was lacking in government subsidies to public enterprises, he was brought in to find solutions to the lackluster performance of public enterprises, as the head of a Nigerian Commission on public parastatals and to bring in a disciplined approach to government subsidies. The offshoot of his honest and disciplined approach earned him respect from subsequent administrations. A report which was later tagged the Onosode report, an outgrowth of his role as the chairman of the commission to review Nigerian parastatals was the first in the nation to tackle comprehensively, the industrialisation drive and capital spending which dominated the oil boom of the 1970s and the early 1980s.The report identified five major defects in planning which it believed had become evident by the end of 1983:
 Public capital expenditure rose during the oil boom at a much faster rate than Nigeria's physical, technical or financial abilities. Huge expenditure on particular industrial projects did not yield expected returns because of "inappropriate choices in their selection, size, design, location and management." Government policies laid too much emphasis on industrialisation, without regard to Nigeria's resource base and comparative advantage. Frequent changes in fiscal and monetary policies created planning problems for the private sector. The exchange rate of the naira was not managed "to reflect the basic strength of the economy and the need to encourage domestic production. In 1995, he became the Chairman of the Niger Delta Environmental Survey, a non-governmental organisation that conducted scientific studies on environmental and social impact assessment of oil exploration in the Niger delta. The survey was partly financed by Shell.The survey reports which apportioned responsibilities and blame for much of the environmental degradation in the region on oil operators, the federal government and communities has not been made public. Deacon <mask> was an alumnus of the University of Ibadan, and contributed immense time to see through philanthropic and governing matters concerning the university. He was the former Pro-Chancellor of the University and Chairman of its Governing Council. He was also a devout Christian and started Good News Baptist Church in his Sitting Room on 1 Feb.1984. Good News Baptist Church is now a large church of over 2,000 people and ranks high in the Nigerian Baptist Convention in terms of missions and evangelism. <mask> <mask> was the inaugural Chairman of the Global Missions Board of the Nigerian Baptist Convention. In addition, Onosode is Chairman of the Governing Council of the Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary, Ogbomoso, Nigeria's oldest degree awarding theological institution, which in 2008 marked 110 years of its existence while the University of Ibadan was 60 years old.On 29 September 2015, he died at the age of 82 after losing a battle with bone cancer. Legacy

<mask> <mask> was well known in Nigeria as a disciplined technocrat. In his private and public dealings, his character earned him nicknames like "Mr. Integrity" and "Nigeria's Incorruptible Man". Gamaliel & Susan Onosode Foundation

His philanthropy was one to be reckoned with in his life time, a legacy he transferred into corporate existence with the founding of GAMSU. The organisation exists today to give support to Nigeria's education system, and to provide seamless and flexible solutions to the problems associated with learning in Nigeria. GAMSU gives awards to excellent students in secondary schools and offers scholarships to university students.In recent times, the organisation made a donation to the Lagos Business School for the building of a research facility in memory of <mask> Onosode. A partnership with General Electric Healthcare Institute allowed GAMSU train 45 nurses in Lagos as part of a drive to improve the maternal mortality rate in Nigeria. The organisation also pursues school rehabilitation projects and provide facilities to help create a better teaching and learning experience. The Foundation has its office at 44, Adelabu Street, Surulere, the old residence of the legendary <mask> Onosode. References

Nigerian bankers
Nigerian chief executives
2015 deaths
1933 births
University of Ibadan alumni
Urhobo people
People from Delta State
20th-century Nigerian businesspeople
21st-century Nigerian businesspeople
Deaths from cancer in Nigeria
Nigerian Christians

masks:
Gamaliel Oforitsenere Onosode
Gamaliel
Onosode
Gamaliel
Onosode
Gamaliel
Onosode
Gamaliel
Gamaliel