texts:
Alexandre-Pierre Georges "<mask><mask> (; 21 February 188524 July 1957) was a French stage actor, film actor, director, screenwriter, and playwright of the boulevard theatre. He was the son of a leading French actor, <mask>, and followed his father into the theatrical profession. He became known for his stage performances, particularly in boulevardier roles. He was also a prolific playwright, writing 115 plays throughout his career. He was married five times, always to rising actresses whose careers he furthered. Probably his best-known wife was Yvonne Printemps to whom he was married between 1919 and 1932. <mask>'s plays range from historical dramas to contemporary light comedies.Some have musical scores, by composers including André Messager and Reynaldo Hahn. When silent films became popular <mask> avoided them, finding the lack of spoken dialogue fatal to dramatic impact. From the 1930s to the end of his life he enthusiastically embraced the cinema, making as many as five films in a single year. The later years of <mask>'s career were overshadowed by accusations of collaborating with the occupying Germans after the capitulation of France in the Second World War. The charges were dismissed, but <mask>, a strongly patriotic man, was disillusioned by the vilification by some of his compatriots. By the time of his death, his popular esteem had been restored to the extent that 12,000 people filed past his coffin before his burial in Paris. Life and career

Early years
<mask> was born at No 12 Nevsky Prospect, Saint Petersburg, Russia, the third son of the French actors <mask> and his wife Marie-Louise-Renée née Delmas de Pont-Jest (1858–1902).The couple had eloped, in the face of family disapproval, and were married at St Martin in the Fields, London, in 1882. They then moved to the then Russian capital, where Lucien ran the French theatre company, the Théâtre Michel, from 1882 to 1891. The marriage was brief. <mask> senior was a persistent adulterer, and his wife instituted divorce proceedings in 1888. Two of their sons died in infancy (one in 1883 and the other in 1887); the other surviving son, Jean (1884–1920) became an actor and journalist. The family's Russian nurse habitually shortened Alexandre-Pierre's name to the Russian diminutive "<mask>", by which he was known all his life. The young <mask> made his stage debut in his father's company at the age of five.<mask>, considered the most distinguished actor in France since Coquelin, was immensely successful, both critically and commercially. When he returned to Paris he lived in a flat in a prestigious spot, overlooking the Place Vendôme and the Rue de la Paix. The young <mask> lived there, and for his schooling he was first sent to the well-known Lycée Janson de Sailly in the fashionable Sixteenth arrondissement. He did not stay long there, and went to a succession of other schools, both secular and religious, before abandoning formal education at the age of sixteen. After giving up school <mask> embarked on a career as a playwright with a little musical piece called Le Page, with a score by Ludo Ratz, premiered at the Théâtre des Mathurins on 15 April 1902. Eighteen months later he joined his father's company at the Théâtre de la Renaissance. At first he appeared under the stage name "Lorcey"; the pseudonym deceived no-one, as the press immediately announced the debutant's real identity.His first role was in L'Escalier, by Maurice Donnay in November 1904. He fell out with his father over what the latter saw as <mask>'s lack of professionalism. In the aftermath of their quarrel they neither saw nor spoke to one another. A member of <mask>'s company was a young actress, Charlotte-Augustine-Hortense Lejeune, whose stage name was Charlotte Lysès (1877–1956). In April 1905, she and <mask> set up home together in the rue d'Anjou (now the rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré). For her he wrote his play, Le KWTZ, premiered in December 1905 at the Théâtre des Capucins. In the same month he had his first substantial hit with Nono at the Mathurins.When the leading man in <mask>'s 1906 play Chez les Zoaques fell ill the author took over, and in the words of a critic, "proved to be his own definitive interpreter". The pattern of his career was set: he remained an actor-author, and later manager, for the rest of his life. Rise to prominence
For the next five years, <mask>'s plays were, at best, moderate successes, but he then had five consecutive hits with Le Veilleur de nuit (1911), Un Beau mariage (1912), Le Prise de Berg-op-Zoom (1912), La Pèlerine écossaise (1912), and Les Deux converts (1914), the last of which was staged by the Comédie-Française. In 1915, <mask> made his first cinema film, Ceux de chez nous ("Those of our home"), a short patriotic piece that celebrated great French men and women of the day, including Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Auguste Rodin, Edmond Rostand and Camille Saint-Saëns. He was not greatly attracted by the medium of silent film, regarding dialogue as the essence of drama; he did not make a full-length film until 1935. In 1915, he met the young singer Yvonne Printemps, with whom he began an affair that led Charlotte to leave him and obtain a divorce. <mask> started to write leading roles for Printemps some musical and others straight comedies.With Printemps
<mask> was reconciled with his father in 1918. Lucien appeared in many productions with his son and Printemps, including Mon Père avait raison and Comment on ecrit l'histoire. They played together not only in Paris, but in the West End of London. All three appeared at the Aldwych Theatre in a four-week season in 1920. Sir John Gielgud wrote that Printemps and her husband "returned … many times to delight London in various pieces artfully contrived by him to show them both off to the best possible advantage." <mask> developed a charming, witty stage persona, often appearing in period-dress light comedies, for instance his 1925 pastiche Mozart, about the young Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart on a visit to Paris. To compose the score he approached André Messager, with whom he had successfully collaborated in 1923 on a show for Printemps, L'amour masqué.Messager was unavailable and recommended the composer Reynaldo Hahn, who accepted the commission. The resulting production took some liberties with historical accuracy, but it proved highly popular. Printemps, in a breeches role, played and sang the young Mozart, with <mask> as the composer's patron, Baron Grimm. Gielgud recalled, "She seemed ravishingly youthful and touching in her powdered wig, black knee breeches and buckled shoes, while <mask> hovered over her with avuncular authority, not attempting to try to sing himself, but contributing a kind of flowing, rhythmic accompaniment with his speeches, delivered in a deep caressing voice." After playing successfully at the Théâtre Edouard VII, the company presented the piece for a three-week season in London in June and July 1926. After the London production, <mask> and Printemps took the piece to Broadway, Boston and Montreal in late 1926 and early 1927. They returned to the US and Canada in 1929.In 1931, <mask> was awarded the Legion of Honour, and the following year he marked thirty years on the stage with a banquet, with dishes named after some of his greatest successes. Later in 1932, his marriage to Printemps broke up. He took a six-month break from the theatre, returning in April 1933 in Châteaux en Espagne, which co-starred his new protégée, Jacqueline Delubac, whom he married on his fiftieth birthday. During the 1930s, he turned his attention once more to the cinema, as writer, director and star, while not neglecting his theatrical career. Sheridan Morley comments that in 1936 alone <mask> made five films and also wrote five plays. Among the latter was his hundredth play, Le Mot de Cambronne. Later years
In 1938, <mask> wrote a one-act play, Dieu sauve le roi, to mark the state visit to Paris of George VI; the play was given in front of the king and queen at the Elysée Palace.When President Lebrun made a reciprocal visit to London the following year, <mask> wrote a short comedy in English, You're Telling Me, in which the author and Sir Seymour Hicks starred at a command performance and for a limited run after it. As the war approached, <mask> managed to do something which would be of far greater significance. On 16 August 1939, when visiting London, <mask> smuggled over a replica Enigma machine supplied by the Biuro Szyfrow and bound for Bletchley Park. His next play, Un Monde fou was his last to feature Delubac, who, in Morley's phrase, "could no longer bear living with a jealous workaholic". Within months of her leaving him, he married for a fourth time; his new wife was Geneviève de Séréville, who had been in the cast of his London play. <mask>'s career was affected by the Nazi occupation of France. He continued to work both on stage and in the cinema under the Nazis.Although this gave him the opportunity to help many of his compatriots, it also brought accusations of collaborating with the enemy. He conceived his book and associated film, De 1429 à 1942 ou De Jeanne d'Arc à Philippe Pétain ("1429 to 1942, or Joan of Arc to Philippe Pétain") as a tribute to France's past glories, but many saw it as honouring the collaborationist president of Vichy France, Marshal Pétain. In 1944, <mask>'s fourth wife left him. In 1942, <mask> was named on a list of French collaborators with Germany to be killed during the war, or tried after it. On the liberation of France, <mask> was among the first arrested, by a self-appointed militia. He was interned in a detention camp at Drancy, and suffered ill-effects on his health that necessitated his transfer to a Paris nursing home. He was completely cleared of all accusations of collaboration, but the experience left him disillusioned.In 1947, <mask> married for the fifth and final time; he was sixty-two and his bride, Lana Marconi, was twenty-eight. He was permitted to resume working in the theatre in 1948, when he returned to the Paris stage with Le Diable boiteux. For the London season in 1953, celebrating the coronation of Elizabeth II, <mask> starred at the Winter Garden in Ecoutez bien, messieurs, a comedy in which he played a voluble Frenchman reduced to baffled silence by an even more voluble Englishwoman, played (in English) by Heather Thatcher. Later in the same year he made his last stage appearance in Paris in Palsambleu. He continued to make films until 1957, when he suffered a disabling disease of the nervous system. <mask> died in Paris at the age of seventy-two. Twelve thousand people filed past his coffin, and he was buried, like his father, in the Cimetière de Montmartre, Paris.Legacy and reputation

Critical re-assessment has been prompted by reissues of <mask>'s films. In 2011, an auction of <mask> memorabilia, including manuscripts, drawings, paintings and photographs, was held at the Drouot-Richelieu in Paris; with more than eight hundred items, it was considered the most important collection of material relating to <mask> since the playwright's death. In an obituary, The Manchester Guardian commented:

Selected filmography

Film adaptations
The Lover of Camille, directed by Harry Beaumont (USA, 1924, based on the play Deburau)
Sleeping Partners, directed by Seymour Hicks (UK, 1930, based on the play Let's Make a Dream)
Black and White, directed by Marc Allégret and Robert Florey (France, 1931, based on the play Le Blanc et le Noir)

Notes and references
Notes

References

Sources

See also
Plays and films of <mask> <mask>

External links

 Les gens du cinéma

 "The French Charmer You Don't Know Yet" Dave Kehr, New York Times, 30 July 2010
 Literature on <mask> <mask>

1885 births
1957 deaths
French male film actors
French male silent film actors
French male stage actors
French film directors
French male screenwriters
20th-century French screenwriters
20th-century French dramatists and playwrights
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
French opera librettists
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery

Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
People from Saint Petersburg
20th-century French male actors
20th-century French male writers

masks:
Sacha
" Guitry
Lucien Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Lucien Guitry
Guitry
Sacha
Sacha
Lucien Guitry
Sacha
Guitry
Guitry
Lucien Guitry
Sacha
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Sacha
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Guitry
Sacha
Guitry
Sacha
Guitry


type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> (born November 30, 1942) is an American former mob hitman, best known for being the first made man ever to testify against the Chicago Outfit. His testimony and cooperation with federal prosecutors helped result in the 2007 murder convictions of mobsters Joseph Lombardo, James Marcello and his brother, Frank Calabrese Sr. Early life and work outside of the Chicago Outfit
Calabrese was born the son of James and Sophie Calabrese, growing up near the intersection of Grand and Ogden Avenues on Chicago's Near West Side. As a boy, Calabrese worked at a newsstand at the corner of Grand Avenue and State Street, in downtown Chicago, where some of his brothers had worked as well. Calabrese graduated from Steinmetz High School in Chicago. Calabrese served in Vietnam in the United States Navy from 1965 until 1967, working as a radioman and having top-secret clearance on the USS Bainbridge. Calabrese also had worked as an ironworker on the John Hancock Center construction project in Chicago, as a Teamster working for trade show contractor United Exposition at Chicago's McCormick Place and as a Cook County security officer at the courthouse in Maywood, Illinois from 1977 until 1989.In the 1970s, Calabrese and two partners operated a restaurant and lounge in Hoffman Estates, Illinois for a couple of years, and also worked for a private detective agency. Chicago Outfit career
From 1978 until 1992, Calabrese helped his brother, noted Chicago Outfit made man Frank Calabrese, Sr., run a lucrative loan-sharking racket, serving as his brother's top assistant. Frank and Nick reported to Angelo J. "The Hook" LaPietra, the caporegime of The 26th Street Crew, who ran operations out of the Old Neighborhood Italian American Club. Calabrese also has admitted in court to taking part in 14 murders ordered by LaPietra, including the "hits" on Michael Albergo and John Fecarotta, from 1970 until 1986, as part of Calabrese's time in the mob. The "juice loan" business charged interest rates on loans of as much as 10 percent per week. On July 28, 1995, the federal government indicted <mask>rese and nine other organized crime figures with using threats, violence and intimidation to enforce the loan sharking racket from 1978 until 1992.The other defendants were <mask>, Sr., <mask>, Jr., <mask>, Robert Dinella, Philip J. Fiore, Terry Scalise, Kevin Kudulis, Louis Bombacino and Philip Tolomeo. Calabrese eventually was found guilty of racketeering. On August 27, 1997, Calabrese, who at that time was residing in Norridge, Illinois, was sentenced by United States District Judge James F. Holderman to 70 months in federal prison. At his sentencing, <mask> apologized to Holderman, saying, "I caused a lot of problems for a lot of people." Family Secrets investigation and conviction
On February 21, 2003, Chicago Tribune columnist John Kass broke the story that Calabrese was talking to the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and noted that Calabrese had disappeared from the federal prison in Milan, Michigan, and that Calabrese's federal prison records had disappeared altogether, leading Kass to believe that Calabrese had entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program. FBI agents also had spread out across the country with search warrants, collecting DNA evidence, hair cuttings and oral swabs from many reputed Chicago Outfit members. On April 25, 2005, federal prosecutors indicted 12 Chicago Outfit figures—including Calabrese—and two former police officers on charges of murder, illegal gambling, and loan sharking.Dubbed "Operation Family Secrets," the probe that led up to the indictments had relied heavily on Calabrese's cooperation. Newspapers reported that Calabrese had been confronted with DNA evidence implicating him in the 1986 mob hit of mob enforcer John Fecarotta, prompting Calabrese to cooperate with law enforcement in the probe. After various plea agreements and the deaths of two defendants, ultimately five other defendants—Joseph Lombardo, James Marcello, <mask>, Sr., Paul Schiro and Anthony Doyle—went to trial. Calabrese formally entered a plea of guilty to murder and racketeering on May 18, 2007. On July 16, 2007, <mask> took the witness stand and admitted to committing murders with Marcello, Schiro and his brother Frank Calabrese, Sr. <mask>rese admitted to having committed a total of 14 murders, and as part of his deal for cooperating, federal prosecutors agreed not to prosecute him for any of the 14 murders, thus sparing him the sentence of life in prison that he could have received had he been convicted of even one murder. Prosecutors also agreed to recommend a sentence of less than life in prison. While on the stand, Calabrese stated that his association with the Chicago Outfit dated to May 1970, and that he began cooperating with the government in January 2002, after federal investigators confronted him with a bloody glove containing his DNA that he had inadvertently dropped at the scene of the Fecarotta slaying.Calabrese also acknowledged that he had been joined in the Fecarotta murder by his brother <mask>, Sr., and now-deceased mobster John Monteleone. Calabrese also provided details on the infamous slayings of Chicago Outfit member Anthony Spilotro and Outfit associate Michael Spilotro, in 1986, in which Calabrese said he was one of a large number of mobsters who participated. The Spilotro murders were depicted—with many details changed—in the 1995 Martin Scorsese directed movie, Casino. Calabrese admitted that he initially had lied to the FBI after he began cooperating, initially concealing Marcello's role in the Spilotros' killing because Marcello had been paying Calabrese's wife $4,000 a month while Calabrese was in prison. In 2007, Lombardo, Marcello, Schiro and <mask>, Sr., all were convicted on murder and racketeering charges, while Doyle was convicted on racketeering charges. In February 2009, Lombardo, Marcello and <mask>, Sr. all were sentenced to life in prison. At Marcello's sentencing hearing in February 2009; Patrick Spilotro, brother of Michael and Anthony, gave a victim impact statement in which he stated he had personally encouraged Calabrese to begin cooperating with the government.Sentencing
On March 26, 2009, Nick Calabrese was sentenced by United States District Judge James Zagel to 12 years and four months in prison. Upon sentencing Calabrese, Zagel told him, "I think what you did does make amends by allowing penalties to be paid for the murders of others and for allowing families to know how and why their [loved ones] died." Calabrese had said, "I can't go back and undo what I done... I stand before you a different man, a changed man." Zagel doubts Calabrese will ever truly be free. No matter how long he lives or in what protected place it will be, Calabrese will always have to look over his shoulder. Zagel said, "The organization whose existence you testified to will not forgive or relent in their pursuit of you."References

1942 births
Living people
20th-century criminals
American gangsters of Italian descent
American people convicted of murder
United States Navy personnel of the Vietnam War
Military personnel from Illinois
Chicago Outfit mobsters
People convicted of murder by the United States federal government
People convicted of racketeering
People from Norridge, Illinois
Federal Bureau of Investigation informants
People who entered the United States Federal Witness Protection Program

masks:
Nicholas W
. Calabrese
Nicholas Calab
Frank Calabrese
Frank Calabrese
Kurt Calabrese
Nicholas Calabrese
Frank Calabrese
Nicholas Calabe
Nicholas Calab
Frank Calabrese
Frank Calabrese
Frank Calabrese


texts:
<mask> (, ;  or Qyprilliu, also called <mask>shá Rojniku;  1575, Roshnik,– 31 October 1661, Edirne) was the founder of the Köprülü political dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, a family of viziers, warriors, and statesmen who dominated the administration of the Ottoman Empire during the last half of the 17th century, an era known as the Köprülü era. He helped rebuild the power of the empire by rooting out corruption and reorganizing the Ottoman army. As he introduced these changes, Köprülü also expanded the borders of the empire, defeating the Cossacks, the Hungarians, and most impressively, the Venetians. Köprülü's effectiveness was matched by his reputation. He founded the city of Köprülü (now Veles, North Macedonia) in Rumelia. Biography

Early life
He was born in the village of Rudnik in the Sanjak of Berat, Albania to Albanian parents. He entered the sultan's service as a devşirme youth and was trained in the palace school.<mask> began as a kitchen boy in the imperial kitchen before transferring to the imperial treasury and then the offices of the palace chamberlain. Other officials reportedly found it difficult to work with Köprülü, and he was transferred to the sipahi (cavalry) corps in the provinces. Rise through the imperial service
He was first stationed in the town of Köprü in northern Turkey, which was later named Vezirköprü in his honour. He quickly rose in rank, keeping the name Köprülü, meaning from Köprü. Köprülü's former mentor, Hüsrev <mask>, rose in the imperial service and promoted Köprülü to increasingly important offices. When Hüsrev was assassinated, however, <mask> built up his own following. He eventually held important offices as head of the market police in Constantinople, supervisor of the Imperial Arsenal, chief of the Sipahi corps (mirahor), and head of the corps armorers.<mask> managed to attach himself to powerful men and somehow survived their falls without being destroyed himself. <mask> continued to hold important offices. He eventually rose to the rank of pasha and was appointed the beylerbey (provincial governor) of the Trebizond Eyalet in 1644. <mask> <mask>'s early rise was facilitated by his participation in patronage networks with other Albanians in the Ottoman administration. His main patron was the Albanian Grand Vizier Kemankeş Kara Mustafa <mask> who secured Köprülü <mask>'s appointment as mirahor. Later he was to rule the provinces of Eğri in 1647, of Karaman in 1648, and of Anatolia in 1650. He served as vizier of the divan for one week in 1652 before being dismissed due to the constant power struggle within the palace.Over the years, Köprülü had cultivated many friendships at the sultan's court, especially with the Queen Mother Turhan Hatice Sultan , mother of the minor sultan <mask> IV. In 1656, the political situation in Ottoman Empire was critical. The war in Crete against the Venetians was still continuing. The Ottoman Navy under Kapudan <mask> (grand admiral) Kenan <mask>, in May 1656, was defeated by the Venetian and Maltese navy at the Battle of Dardanelles (1656) and the Venetian navy continued the blockade of the Çanakkale Straits cutting the Ottoman army in Crete from Constantinople, the state capital. There was a political plot to unseat the reigning Sultan <mask> IV led by important viziers including the Grand Mufti (Şeyhülislam) Hocazade Mesut Efendi. This plot was discovered, and the plotters were executed or exiled. The Mother Sultana Turhan Hatice conducted consultations and the most favored candidate for the post of Grand Vizier came out as the old and retired but experienced <mask> <mask> <mask>.<mask> Efendi, the chief of scribes, and the chief architect convinced the sultan that only Köprülü <mask> <mask> could avert disaster. Grand Vizier

<mask> was called to Istanbul, where he accepted the position of Grand Vizier on 14 September 1656. As a condition of his acceptance, Köprülü demanded that the sultan decree only what <mask> approved, allow him to make all the appointments and dismissals, and refuse to hear or accept any malicious stories that might be spread about him. He was given extraordinary powers and political rule without interference, even from the highest authority of the Sultan. Of course, he gave reports on governance to Turhan Sultan, Valide Sultan (mother of Sultan Muhammad) and in many administrative matters her supported him. Thus, historians saw her and him as the mainstay of the Ottoman state. <mask> had acquired the reputation of being an honest and able administrator, but he was 80 years old when he assumed office.As the Grand Vizier, his first task was to advise Sultan <mask> IV to conduct a life of hunts and traveling around the Balkans and to reside in the old capital of Edirne, thus stopping his direct political involvement in the management of the state. On 4 January 1657, the household cavalry Sipahi troops in Constantinople started a rebellion and this was cruelly suppressed by Köprülü <mask> <mask> with the help of Janissary troops. The Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Constantinople was proven to be in treasonous contacts with the enemies of Ottoman state and Köprülü <mask> <mask> approved of his execution. Rivals and unfriendly religious leaders were banished or executed. The support of the Janissaries was obtained once he was secure in his office. Köprülü centralized power in the empire, reviving traditional Ottoman methods of governing. He ordered those who were suspected of abusing their positions or who proved to be corrupt to be removed or executed.Those who failed at their tasks were punished severely, and unsuccessful military commanders often paid the supreme price. When Grand Admiral Topal <mask> <mask> failed to break the Venetian blockade of the Dardanelles on 17 July 1657, <mask> executed him and his principal officers on the spot. When rivals complained to <mask> IV about the Grand Vizier's methods, <mask> resigned, complaining that the Sultan had violated their agreement. <mask> immediately asked <mask> to return as Grand Vizier, because his methods showed such success at restoring Ottoman power. War with Venice

Since the resurgence of the Republic of Venice was the immediate crisis that had prompted <mask>'s appointment as grand vizier, it was important that he demonstrate his effectiveness as a leader against the Venetians. He started on a military expeditions against the Venetian blockade of Dardanelles Straits. The Ottoman navy had a victory against Venice in the Battle of the Dardanelles on 19 July 1657.This allowed Ottomans to regain some of the Aegean islands, including Bozcaada and Limni (15 November) and to open the sea-supply routes to the Ottoman Army still conducting the sieges of Crete. War with Transylvania and the Habsburgs

In 1658 he conducted a successful campaign in Transylvania. In Transylvania, Prince George II Rákóczi renounced his erstwhile allegiance to the sultan. He attempted to make his state into a major power, allying himself with other Protestant princes in an attempt to conquer Hungary and Poland. While Rákóczi invaded Poland in 1657, however, Köprülü sent the Crimean Tatars to attack Transylvania. They forced Rákóczi to retreat from Poland, but he refused to resume his obedience to the sultan. In response, in 1658, <mask> himself led a large Ottoman army into Transylvania.This force defeated Rákóczi and forced him to flee to Habsburg lands. War with Habsburgs continued, but Ottoman control over Transylvania was confirmed in a temporary peace. He also annexed Yanova (Jenö) on 1 August 1660 and Várad on 27 August. Revolt of Abaza <mask> <mask> <mask>'s campaign against Transylvania was cut short by the large-scale revolt of several eastern provincial governors under the leadership of Abaza <mask>, then the governor of Aleppo. The rebels opposed <mask> <mask>'s violent purges of the military and demanded that he be killed. However, Sultan <mask> IV remained steadfast in his support for Köprülü and dispatched an army against the rebels under the command of Murtaza <mask>, who was then guarding the Safavid frontier. Despite assembling a force of 30,000 men and defeating Murtaza <mask> in battle, the harsh winter and fading morale eventually forced the rebels to capitulate.Abaza Hasan's revolt was finally brought to an end in February 1659 with the assassination of all the rebel commanders in Aleppo, despite promises that they would be spared. Ayazmakapi Fire
In July 1660 there was a big fire in Istanbul (the Ayazmakapi Fire) causing great damage to persons and buildings, leading later to a food scarcity and plague. Köprülü <mask> <mask> became personally involved in the reconstruction affairs. The honesty and integrity in conducting state affairs by <mask> <mask> <mask> is shown by an episode in this task. The burnt-out Jewish quarters from the Ayazmakapi Fire were decided to be compulsorily purchased by the state. Death and legacy
Despite Köprülü's advanced age, he continued to display energy until the end of his life. When he fell mortally ill in 1661, the sultan came to his bedside.Köprülü convinced him to appoint his son, Köprülü Fazıl <mask>, as the next grand vizier. He also allegedly advised the sultan never to take advice from a woman, never to appoint a minister who was too wealthy, to always keep the treasury full, and to always keep the army on the move. Köprülü died on 31 October 1661. He left behind a well-tuned administrative machine, having restored to the Ottoman Empire its reputation for military aggressiveness and its former prestige and power internally and externally. Köprülü <mask>'s victories in Transylvania would push the Ottoman border closer to Austria. Family
While stationed in Köprü in Anatolia, he married Ayşe Hatun (Hanım), daughter of Yusuf Ağa, a notable originally from Kayacık, a village of Havza in Amasya. Yusuf Ağa was a voyvoda (tax-farmer) who built a bridge in Kadegra, that thus became Köprü, from which the family name of <mask> (who was originally stationed there, and where he was sanjak-bey) was taken.Together they had a number of children, the best known of whom being <mask>e Fazıl <mask>. See also
 Köprülü era
 Köprülü family
 List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

References
 N. Sakaoğlu (1999), Bu Mülkün Sultanları, İstanbul: Oğlak. Bibliography

External links

1575 births
1661 deaths
People from Berat
Mehmet <mask>
17th-century Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Albanian Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire
Albanian Pashas
Albanians of the Ottoman Empire
16th-century Albanian people
17th-century Albanian people
Cretan War (1645–1669)

masks:
Körülü Mehmed Pasha
Mehmed Pa
Köprülü
Pasha
Köprülü
Köprülü
Köprülü
Mehmed
Pasha
Pasha
Mehmed
Mehmed
Pasha
Pasha
Mehmed
Köprülü
Mehmed
Pasha
Mehmed
Mehmed
Pasha
Köprülü
Köprülü
Köprülü
Mehmed
Mehmed
Pasha
Mehmed
Pasha
Mehmed
Pasha
Köprülü
Mehmed
Köprülü
Mehmed
Köprülü
Köprülü
Köprülü
Hasan Pashaü
Mehmed
Pasha
Hasan Pasha
Köprülü
Mehmed
Mehmed
Pasha
Pasha
Mehmed
Pasha
Köprülü
Mehmed
Pasha
Ahmed Pasha
Mehmed
Mehmed
Köprülüzad
Ahmed Pasha
Pasha


texts:
<mask> (Milan, Italy 19 August 1963) is an Italian songwriter and guitarist. Biography

1963-1995: Early beginnings, the album Tomato and Grande Cuore
<mask> was born in Milan on 19 August 1963, and grew up in San Giuliano Milanese. He approaches to the music very early thanks to his parents which were music lovers. In 1976, when he was 13, he starts his first band called Luti's Band. Two years later he gets in touch with reggae music thanks to Bob Marley's Babylon by Bus. In 1980, he starts his first professional pop-rock group called Tomato with Paolo Costa and Claudio D'Onofrio. Two years later they be noticed by the Italian producer Roberto Colombo.In 1983 Tomato makes the record The Island of the Sun sung by <mask> with the pseudonym of Iudy. In 1984 Tomato works with Miguel Bosé on his album Bandido and with Den Harrow, Taffy and Ivan, too. Next year he releases his first single: Tam Tam with the collaboration of Mike Ogletree, Simple Minds' ex drummer. In 1987 <mask> writes the music of Lay Down on Me of XXX Miguel Bosé's album. The band has to wait another 4 years to find a record company that could give an opportunity in his music that is a mix of English pop, American black music and Italian melodies. In 1991, after <mask> and the band work with a lot of artists like Mango, Eugenio Finardi, Cristiano De André, Roberto Vecchioni, Pierangelo Bertoli and Tazenda, he releases his first album also called Tomato produced by Mauro Paoluzzi and Angelo Carrara. In 1992 <mask> and the band participate in the most important Italian national music competition, Sanremo Music Festival in the newcomer category with the song Sai cosa sento per te.However Tomato doesn't get to final. After Sanremo Music Festival, Tomato breaks up. In 1994 <mask> releases his first solo album called Grande Cuore. 1996-1998: Career breakthrough: Max Longhi and Alessandra Valeri Manera
An important step of artist's life is the meeting of the musician Max Longhi. In 1996 they begin to work together on TV music programs (like Generazione X on Italia 1. )and jingles. They take care of the arrangements of many advertising campaigns like Always Coca Cola which <mask> sings the jingles but, also Dietorelle, Q8 and Brooklyn.In 1998 <mask> and Max write Buone verità for Laura Pausini's album La mia risposta. The song was also translate in Spanish with the title of Una gran verdad. During <mask> and Max Longhi's story there's the leader of the children and teenagers Mediaset television Alessandra Valeri Manera. She's the most important person in <mask>'s story because was the turning point of his career. In 1998 <mask> and Max begin to write Italian cartoon openings for Alessandra Valeri Manera who loves their dance style. Also, Max proposes <mask> to sing the lyrics of their music. The first cartoon song by Max and <mask> is Superman releases on Cristina D'Avena's album Fivelandia 16.1999-2008: Pokémon, Dragon Ball, Cartuno and television music career
In 1999 they write Pokémon and Dragon Ball sung by the artist, for the homonymous television series. The Japanese cartoons become a national phenomenons very soon in Italy so as well the Italian openings. They'll become two of the iconic songs of the artist's discography and story. Thanks again to Alessandra Valeri Manera, <mask> meets for the first time the Italian singer Cristina D'Avena who is the most iconic name and voice of Italian cartoon openings. This is another important moment. <mask> and Max write for her Imbarchiamoci per un grande viaggio, the first of a long series of songs. During that year they write Hello Sandybell, Mille emozioni tra le pagine del destino per Marie Yvonne and Una giungla di avventure per Kimba.In 2000, Mediaset bought the second season of Pokémon and Dragon Ball and two new songs are composed for the occasion: Pokémon: Oltre i cieli dell'avventura and What's my destiny Dragon Ball. The latter become more iconic of his previous one. In that year in addition to be his composer, <mask> does his first duet with Cristina D'Avena in Rossana, composed by Franco Fasano, arranged by Max Longhi and written by Alessandra Valeri Manera. Given the success of dance music, RTI Music produces various remix album, the most famous of them is Cartuno, the first of series of four. In 2002 <mask> and Max Longhi found LoVa Music, record company where the name is made by the first two letters of Max and <mask>'s surname. In 2003 during the writing of TV openings and music, they compose Super Lover - I need you tonight sung by Japanese group W-inds. In Japan this song was very successful and became platinum record.Since 2001 to 2003 <mask> and Max write a number of Cristina D'Avena's 2000-evergreen songs like All'arrembaggio!, Hamtaro piccoli criceti, grandi avventure, Ma che magie Doremì and Doraemon. During next years the artist's career goes hand in hand with Mediaset's decision on the children and teenagers television. Since 2004 to 2008 <mask> write and release over fifty openings sung by him, like He-Man and the Masters of the Universe, Zoids, Keroro and Io credo in me, and Cristina, like Mirmo and Hamtaro but, also in duet, like Gadget e i Gadgettini, Pokémon Advanced and Zip e Zap. Other <mask>'s evergreen song are Yu-Gi-Oh!, Detective Conan, L'incredibile Hulk, Maledetti scarafaggi and many other. 2009-2013: Lives, Project - I cartoni di Italia1 and Time Machine - Da Goldrake a Goku
Since 2009, thanks to the comics conventions, <mask> begins to do lives all over Italy. The first one was at Lucca Comics & Games. During the years the artist said that he couldn't imagine to perform live himself and that the music wrote for an audience of children, one day it would still have been loved.During this year he and Max write Blue Dragon sung by him and Cristina and Yu-Gi-Oh Duel Runner, and also sings Io credo in me (second version). At the end of 2010 release his first cartoon album Giorgio Vanni Project - I cartoni di Italia1. Previously all of his songs were published on Cristina D'Avena's album and compilation. In 2011 he writes Beyblade Metal a song that coincides with a long period of break of purchase of new cartoons by Mediaset that ends in 2015. During this break <mask> and Max focus on the production of a new album and on 4 July 2012, Time Machine - Da Goldrake a Goku was released. This is a cover album which pays homage to the songs and the artists of the past, like Massimo Dorati, Enzo Draghi and Cristina D'Avena. The tracklist begin with the 80's and ends coming back to 2000 with a What's My Destiny Dragon Ball and Go West mash-up.These two song were very similar, so the artist decided to mash-up. 2014-2015: Super Hits - Il meglio del meglio del meglio and cartoon openings returns
On 27 May 2014, Super Hits - Il meglio del meglio del meglio was released. This is the most important <mask>'s best of because brings together mostly of <mask>'s solo production since 1998 to 2014 and new songs like Hover Champs! and Conan, il detective più famoso. In 2015, after four years, he comes back to RTI writing the Italian opening of Lupin III - L'avventura italiana called Lupin, un ladro in vacanza. This song is a duet with the Italian rapper Moreno and for this reason was opened a very strong debate on the various social networks, also leading to the creation of petitions to change the theme, bringing an unprecedented case for a cartoon opening. In November 2015, three of <mask>'s songs (Principesse gemelle, Doraemon, All'arrembaggio!)written for Cristina are released on vinyl on the Cristina D'Avena LP Picture disc. Also Rossana was released again. Some changes are brought into the lives: changes of the live tracklist with songs that were less played and sung (like Occhi di gatto and Lucky Luke) and new cover songs like acoustic version of Capitan Harlock and Piccoli problemi di cuore. About changes, <mask> and Max bring a DJ set of their song (previously remixed in Cartuno compilation). 2016-2019: YouTube and Toon Tunz
In 2016 brings a new turning point into LoVa music's story thanks to the helps of social, YouTube in particular. On 1 August the artist releases a music video for the song Pokémon Go (composed with Max Longhi and written by Alessandra Valeri Manera) during the worldwide success of the homonymous game. The song was released also on digital stores.At the end of the year, Mediaset buys Dragon Ball Super asking for a new Italian opening to LoVa music duo but cause to different directives by TOEI Animation, the Italian song isn't used as Italian opening. However the song is released on the same day of the Italian aired of Dragon Super (23 December) on artist's YouTube channel. The official name is Dragon Ball Super Kame Hame Ha. After five years the artist with Max Longhi and Alessandra Valeri Manera compose a new song for Cristina D'Avena, Noi Puffi siam così released on 16 March 2017. Also the artist takes part in the Ninni Carucci's benefic project to raise money to build a music school for Amatrice after the earthquake of 24 August 2016, singing with various cartoons music artists a new song called Alza gli occhi e vai. On 21 July <mask> releases Sole e Luna a reggaeton song dedicated to the anime Pokémon: Sun and Moon like an unofficial opening and on 24 November a new version of Time Machine - Da Goldrake a Goku with the new name of Time Machine Reloaded - Da Goldrake a Goku. During this part of his career, <mask> often works with various Italian Youtuber who bring him to new music productions and to its image promotion.So he sings Santa Claus Is Coming to Town for a prank video of TheShow, Bruco Gianluco written and composed by the cartoonist and Youtuber Sio and various parodies with . In 2018 he works on Dj Matrix & Matt Joe's album Musica da giostra - Volume 5 singing a new dance song called Supereroi. Also he writes and composes new openings theme for different television networks; two new songs for Mediaset, Lupin ladro full-time and Rubami ancora il cuore for Lupin the Third Part 5. Also he sings Energia ardente and Limit Break the Italian versions of Cardfight!! Vanguard: Asia Circuit Japanese opening and ending themes. For the first time in his career he  composes and sings a cartoon opening theme, Gormiti the Legend is Back for the Italian network television RAI. In 2019 he works again with Dj Matrix & Matt Joe on their album Musica da giostra - Volume 6 with a new song called Onda dopo onda.Since January 2019, <mask> reveals that he and Max Longhi are working on a new album. Meanwhile, the single Dragon Ball Super Kame Hame Ha is released in a limited special edition on 45th vinyl. This released was a no-profit initiative to raise profit to the Italian web radio RadioAnimati which the artist has often worked. On 18 April 2019 through his social channel, the artist reveals the name of the new album: Toon Tunz. The name is a pun on the word cartoon and Tunz Tunz (an easy way to refer to LoVa music cause its dance sound). With these album a lot of the song written and sung since 2016-2019 are published for the first time on CD. Discography
Before <mask>'s meeting with Alessandra Valeri Manera and Max Longhi, the artist composed a lot of song for various Italian and foreign artist and for himself and jingle too.Since 1993 to the present he and Max Longhi wrote music for Mediaset, cartoon openings in particular since the end of ninenties, for himself, Cristina D'Avena and others RTI's artist. Tomato
 Grande cuore
 <mask> Project - I cartoni di Italia1
 Time Machine - Da Goldrake a Goku
 Super Hits - Il meglio del meglio del meglio
 Time Machine Reloaded - Da Goldrake a Goku
 Toon Tunz

Videography
<mask>'s videography are made of music video recorded in the ninenties for Grande cuore and the new ones recorded since 2016 and published on YouTube. References

Children's musicians
Reggae singers
Pop rock singers
Italian pop singers
1963 births
Italian male singers
Italian television personalities
Italian singer-songwriters
Anime singers
Living people

masks:
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio Vanni
Giorgio Vanni


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 31 August 1963) is an English-Irish actor and director who has grown up on television screens in a variety of roles. His stage appearances have ranged from pantomime to serious drama, and he has worked on radio plays, voiceovers, commercials, narrations and films. He is best known for TV roles as Tucker Jenkins in Grange Hill and Tucker's Luck, Mark Fowler in EastEnders, and PC Gabriel Kent in The Bill. Early life
<mask> was born in London as <mask> to Irish parents: he is a dual citizen of the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. He grew up in Kilburn, West Hampstead and Harrow on the Hill, London. He has two sisters named Billie Joe and Bobby Sue, who respectively work as a lawyer and a teacher. Carty was educated at the Phildene Stage School, a co-educational independent school in Chiswick in West London.Career

Early career
<mask>'s first television appearance in the UK was in an advertisement for Woolworths at the age of four. He also had other advertising and Public Information Film roles, including one with Doctor Who actor Jon Pertwee for the "Green Cross Code". <mask> made his first stage appearance at the New London Theatre, Drury Lane, London, as the young Lionel in Lionel Bart's autobiographical musical Lionel! ; however, his career in his youth was mostly defined by his television role as Tucker Jenkins in the BBC children's drama Grange Hill (1978–1982) and the spin-off series Tucker's Luck (1983–1985). During the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> also appeared in Z-Cars (1976), Our Mutual Friend, Drummer, and Headmaster, all for the BBC; and, for German TV, Focus on Britain and The Idle Bunch. His film work included Please Sir! (1971) and Professor Popper's Problem (1974).In 1983, he landed the role of Oswyn in the fantasy film Krull opposite Ken Marshall, Lysette Anthony, Liam Neeson, and Alun Armstrong, among others. EastEnders and The Bill
Carty took over the role of original character Mark Fowler in the BBC One soap opera EastEnders in 1990, following the death of the original actor, David Scarboro. <mask> played the role for 13 years, becoming one of the longest-running male cast members. In July 2002, the BBC announced Mark Fowler was being written out of the serial, a mutual decision between the producers and <mask>. Executive producer Louise Berridge said <mask> had made a "fantastic contribution" to the soap and Mark had been a "pivotal figure", but the character had finally run its course: "<mask> and I have discussed this at some length and agreed that it was time for Mark to hang up his leather jacket for the last time. We will all miss <mask>, who is one of our best-loved actors, and wish him every success in the future." <mask> made his final appearance as Mark in February 2003, riding out of the Square on his motorbike.The character subsequently died off screen in 2004. After leaving EastEnders in 2003, <mask> went on to play PC Gabriel Kent, in ITV's The Bill from 2003 to 2005. <mask> has since revealed he broke his EastEnders contract a year earlier than planned to take on this new role. In 2019, <mask> shared his memories of playing Gabriel in an interview for The Bill Podcast. Other television and film appearances
<mask> starred as Randy Candy in the film The Candy Show (1989). While still in EastEnders in 1997, <mask> appeared with former EastEnders co-star Nick Berry in the Victorian period adventure film The Black Velvet Band, a Spaghetti Western-style drama. <mask> was the subject of a This Is Your Life tribute in 2000.Guests included Wendy Richard, Norman Wisdom, Nick Berry, his girlfriend Dina Clarkin, sons <mask> and <mask>, and his father-in-law, actor Tony Clarkin. After leaving The Bill in 2005, <mask> returned to the big screen as the aristocrat Harvey Van Bollingbroke in the film Treasure of Albion (2006). <mask> acted in The School that Roared (2009) as the eccentric Mr Haig, and was also the second-unit director. He appeared as Mr Keller in the 2010 film Blame. <mask> has guest-starred as Ray Hallam in the Christmas special of the TV series Heartbeat, and in BBC's Holby City, as villain Cameron Cooke. In 2008, he guest-starred in BBC's Doctors, playing the part of Kev Blake. In 2003, <mask> reprised the role of Tucker Jenkins in Grange Hill, as the uncle of one of the pupils, Patrick "Togger" Johnson.He appeared in just this one episode, but he was brought back once again to film for Grange Hill's final series, broadcast in 2008 – a one-off special episode to celebrate the 30th birthday of the long-running BBC show. <mask> appeared as Tucker in the final televised episode of Grange Hill, screened on Monday 15 September 2008 on BBC One. <mask> was a guest on the BBC One show I'd Do Anything, in May 2008, with Cameron Mackintosh, helping to choose one of the selected boys to play Oliver Twist for the new West End production of Oliver!. <mask> and his elder son, James, filmed together in a factual television series for Channel 5, Dangerous Adventures For Boys, based on the book written by Conn and Hal Iggulden, The Dangerous Book for Boys. <mask>, aged 11 at the time of broadcast, became the youngest person to drive a steam train across the North York Moors 18-mile line from Grosmont, North Yorkshire to Pickering, built in the 1830s. In June 2014, <mask> was a contestant on Celebrity MasterChef. <mask> appeared as Mike in the film Silver Birches in 2017.Dancing on Ice

<mask> appeared in the fourth series of the UK version of Dancing on Ice, which began on 10 January 2009. <mask> partnered professional skater Susie Lipanova and was heavily criticised by the judging panel for his apparent lack of skating ability. In the weeks he and Lipanova competed, they finished bottom of the leaderboard for their first week, 9.5 for their next appearance in week three, and 7.5 and 8.5 for weeks four and five respectively. During the routine in week three, <mask> lost control on the ice so badly that he ended up stumbling into the off-stage area, disappearing from public view, leaving Lipanova to complete the routine alone, returning just in time to complete his routine to the Beatles song Help. The public vote carried the couple through to the next round and was described as one of the funniest moments ever captured on television. He was finally eliminated in the 5th round. He also competed with Alexandra Schauman in the ninth and final series of Dancing on Ice until it returned in 2018, which was an "All-Stars" series.Radio, presenting and stage
<mask>'s radio work includes such dramas as Les Misérables; The Three Loves of Ida Bliss, We Are Happy, Wavelength, Midweek, Jellybones, The London Particulars, Bringing Eddie Home, and The Chocolate Frigate. Narration work includes Paddington Green, the story of the New York City Subway's Guardian Angels' Scene in New York, The Fame Game, Driving Mum Crazy, Snapshot-Eddie Kidd, The Jungle Creatures, and many more. In 1989, <mask> reprised the role of Tucker in the musical stage version of the television series Grange Hill: Grange Hill: Tucker's Return, at the Queen's Theatre, Hornchurch. Between 2007 and 2008, he toured the UK in The Business of Murder as Police Detective Hallett. <mask> and Wendy Richard (who played his screen mother Pauline in EastEnders) presented "50 Greatest Families" on Sky One in March 2008. Carty also appeared in a BBC Radio 4 Play of the day "Bringing Eddie Home" by John Peacock, based on a true story of the fight by East End couple Edna and Jack Wallace to get their son's body brought home from Aden, and the ensuing fight for the rights of British Service service personnel. <mask> played the role of the younger Jack Wallace and the play also included other ex-EastEnders actors Bill Treacher, Tilly Vosburgh, Edna Doré and Joe Absolom

<mask> starred as Patsy, from May 2010, to 2015, in the Monty Python touring production of Spamalot.Pantomimes
<mask> has played Ali Baba in the BBC Christmas pantomime Aladdin, and starred as Buttons in Cinderella at the Gatehouse Theatre Stafford from 14 December 1993 to 2 January 1994. He later starred with Barbara Windsor as the captain's mate in Dick Whittington at the Orchard Theatre, Dartford. He appeared as "King Rat" with Basil Brush in the pantomime Dick Whittington at the Wycombe Swan Theatre between 2005 and 2006. He reprised the role of King Rat in a new version of Dick Whittington, at the Capitol Theatre, Horsham, which ran from 13 December 2007 to 6 January 2008. In December 2008, <mask> starred as the evil Ferdinand Fleshcreep (The Giant's Evil Assistant) in Jack and the Beanstalk at the Queen's Theatre in Barnstaple. The show ran from 12 December 2008 to 4 January 2009. <mask> starred as Buttons in Cinderella at the Pavilion Theatre Worthing from 10 December 2009 to 3 January 2010.In December 2014, he appeared in the Chatham Theatre pantomime production of Aladdin, (with Twist and Pulse, produced by Jordan Productions). <mask> again played Flashcreep in Jack and the Beanstalk, in a production at the Newark Palace Theatre in Newark-on-Trent (7 – 31 December 2016). Played Captain Hook in Peter Pan at Watersmeet theatre in Rickmansworth from December 2019 to January 2020. Directing and producing
<mask> and his partner, actress/writer and film producer Dina Clarkin, have set up a film production company, Swordfish Productions. In July 2007 <mask> made his debut as director of several episodes of the BBC's daytime soap opera, Doctors. <mask> directed his first feature film, The Perfect Burger (2010), made with the Co-operative British Youth Film Academy, set in the Leicestershire town of Hinckley. The film was mainly shot at the Hinckley campus of North Warwickshire and Hinckley College.Personal life
<mask> lives in Muswell Hill, North London. He has been in a relationship since 1990 with his childhood sweetheart and business partner, actress/writer and film producer Dina Clarkin – the daughter of Irish actor Tony Clarkin. The couple have known each other since childhood through their parents, and have two sons, James and Thomas. In an interview with the Daily Mirror, <mask> explained how he first met Clarkin when she was a 5-year-old child actress and he a 14-year-old, through their parents. <mask> describes Dina as his soul mate. Filmography

References

External links

1963 births
20th-century English male actors
20th-century Irish male actors
21st-century English male actors
21st-century Irish male actors
English male child actors
English male film actors
English male soap opera actors
Irish male child actors
Irish male film actors
Irish male soap opera actors
Irish male television actors
Living people
People from Kilburn, London
People from Harrow, London
Male actors from London

masks:
Todd Carty
Todd John Jennings
Carty
Todd John Jennings
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Todd
Todd
Carty
Carty
Carty
Todd Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
James Carty
Thomas Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
James Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Todd Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty
Carty


texts:
<mask> (; September 29, 1907 in Vitebsk, Russian Empire – February 23, 1979 in Leningrad, USSR) was a Soviet, Russian painter who lived and worked in Leningrad; he was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists, and was regarded as one of the brightest representatives of the Leningrad School of Painting. Biography
<mask> was born September 29, 1907, in Vitebsk, a small Belarusian town, has gone down in the history of the 20th-century art world with Chagall and Malevich. <mask> started his artistic education in Vitebsk at the art school of Yehuda Pen, whose students included Marc Chagall, Osip Zadkine and Lazar Lissitzky. In 1934 <mask> came to Leningrad and joined the painting department of the Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. He studied with Semion Abugov, Alexander Savinov and <mask>. In 1940 <mask> graduated from Leningrad Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in Boris Ioganson personal art studio. His graduation work was a historical painting named Kotovsky, dedicated to the legendary hero of the Civil War in Russia.From 1941 to 1945 <mask> served in the Great Patriotic War as a member of the Red Army. Since 1941 <mask> has participated in Art Exhibitions. He painted portraits, genre and historical paintings, landscapes, worked in oil and tempera painting. Solo Exhibitions by <mask> were in Leningrad (1981) and Saint Petersburg (2008). <mask> was a member of the Leningrad Union of Artists since 1946. <mask> <mask> died on February 23, 1979 in Leningrad in his seventy-second year. Paintings by <mask> reside in the State Russian Museum and in art museums and private collections in Russia, China, Israel, the US, England, Japan, and throughout the world.See also
Leningrad School of Painting
List of painters of Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
Saint Petersburg Union of Artists
List of 20th-century Russian painters

References

Principal exhibitions

1951 (Leningrad): Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1951, with Piotr Alberti, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Piotr Belousov, Piotr Buchkin, Rudolf Frentz, Nikolai Galakhov, Vladimir Gorb, Tatiana Kopnina, Nikolai Kostrov, Anna Kostrova, Alexander Lubimov, Evsey Moiseenko, <mask>, Yuri Neprintsev, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Sergei Osipov, Alexander Pushnin, Ivan Savenko, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Vladimir Seleznev, Alexander Shmidt, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Nikolai Timkov, Leonid Tkachenko, <mask>, Yuri Tulin, Igor Veselkin, Nina Veselova, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Vecheslav Zagonek, and other important Leningrad artists. 1957 (Leningrad): 1917 – 1957. 1957 (Moscow): All-Union Art Exhibition of 1957 dedicated to the 40th Anniversary of October Revolution, with Vsevolod Bazhenov, Nikolai Baskakov, Irina Baldina, Piotr Belousov, Piotr Buchkin, Zlata Bizova, Nikolai Galakhov, Elena Gorokhova, Alexei Eriomin, Engels Kozlov, Maya Kopitseva, Boris Korneev, Boris Lavrenko, Oleg Lomakin, Nikita Medovikov, Evsey Moiseenko, <mask>, Samuil Nevelshtein, Yuri Neprintsev, Dmitry Oboznenko, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Alexander Pushnin, Ivan Savenko, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Samokhvalov, Alexander Semionov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Victor Teterin, Nikolai Timkov, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, Ivan Varichev, Piotr Vasiliev, Nina Veselova, Vecheslav Zagonek, Sergei Zakharov, Maria Zubreeva, and other important Leningrad artists. 1962 (Leningrad): The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1962, with Piotr Alberti, Evgenia Antipova, Taisia Afonina, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Nikolai Galakhov, Yuri Belov, Vladimir Gorb, Abram Grushko, Alexei Eremin, Boris Lavrenko, Ivan Lavsky, Valeria Larina, Oleg Lomakin, Gavriil Malish, Evsey Moiseenko, Nikolai Mukho, Piotr Nazarov, Vera Nazina, Mikhail Natarevich, Dmitry Oboznenko, Lev Orekhov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Sergei Osipov, Nikolai Pozdneev, Galina Rumiantseva, Gleb Savinov, Alexander Semionov, Arseny Semionov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, Alexander Sokolov, Alexander Tatarenko, Victor Teterin, Nikolai Timkov, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, Ivan Varichev, Anatoli Vasiliev, Valery Vatenin, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Vecheslav Zagonek, and other important Leningrad artists. 1968 (Leningrad): The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1968, with Piotr Alberti, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Sergei Frolov, Nikolai Galakhov, Tatiana Gorb, Vladimir Gorb, Mikhail Kaneev, Mikhail Kozell, Engels Kozlov, Elena Kostenko, Nikolai Kostrov, Anna Kostrova, Gevork Kotiantz, Vladimir Krantz, Ivan Lavsky, Dmitry Maevsky, Gavriil Malish, Nikolai Mukho, Mikhail Natarevich, Sergei Osipov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Lev Orekhov, Victor Otiev, Maria Rudnitskaya, Ivan Savenko, Vladimir Sakson, Alexander Semionov, Arseny Semionov, Boris Shamanov, Alexander Shmidt, Elena Skuin, Alexander Stolbov, German Tatarinov, Mikhail Trufanov, Yuri Tulin, Ivan Varichev, Anatoli Vasiliev, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Lazar Yazgur, Vecheslav Zagonek, Sergei Zakharov, Ruben Zakharian, and other important Leningrad artists. 1981 (Leningrad): Exhibition of works by Mikhail Natarevich in the Leningrad Union of Artists. 1994 (Pont-Audemer): Dessins, Gravures, Sculptures et Tableaux du XX siecle du fonds de L' Union des Artistes de Saint-Petersbourg, with Abram Grushko, Vasily Golubev, Elena Kostenko, Maya Kopitseva, Gevork Kotiantz, Marina Kozlovskaya, Valeria Larina, Boris Lavrenko, Valentina Monakhova, Mikhail Natarevich, Ivan Savenko, Vladimir Sakson, Arseny Semionov, Alexander Shmidt, Elena Skuin, Nikolai Timkov, Yuri Tulin, Vitaly Tulenev, Ivan Varichev, Igor Veselkin, and other important Leningrad artists.1996 (Saint Petersburg): Paintings of 1940-1990s. The Leningrad School, with Piotr Alberti, Taisia Afonina, Vsevolod Bazhenov, Irina Baldina, Veniamin Borisov, Vladimir Chekalov, Evgeny Chuprun, Nikolai Galakhov, Tatiana Gorb, Abram Grushko, Alexei Eriomin, <mask>, <mask>, Maya Kopitseva, Marina Kozlovskaya, Alexander Koroviakov, Vladimir Krantz, Boris Lavrenko, Ivan Lavsky, Piotr Litvinsky, Dmitry Maevsky, Valentina Monakhova, <mask>, Anatoli Nenartovich, Samuil Nevelshtein, Lev Orekhov, Sergei Osipov, Vladimir Ovchinnikov, Victor Otiev, Nikolai Pozdneev, Evgeny Pozdniakov, Lev Russov, Galina Rumiantseva, Kapitolina Rumiantseva, Alexander Samokhvalov, Alexander Semionov, Nadezhda Shteinmiller, German Tatarinov, Nikolai Timkov, <mask>, Leonid Tkachenko, Anatoli Vasiliev, Igor Veselkin, Rostislav Vovkushevsky, Ruben Zakharian, and other important Leningrad artists. 2008 (Saint Petersburg): Exhibition of works by <mask> in State Russian Museum. Bibliography
Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1947. Exhibition Catalogue. – Leningrad: Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists, 1948. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1951.Exhibition catalogue. -Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1951. -p. 15. 1917 – 1957. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1957. Exhibition Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1958.– p. 22. Travelling Exhibition of Leningrad artists. Catalogue. – Murmansk: Leningrad Union of Artists, 1957. All-Union Art Exhibition of 1957 dedicated to the 40th Anniversary of October Revolution. Catalogue. – Moscow: Soviet artist, 1957.– p. 52. All-Union Art Exhibition dedicated to 40th Anniversary of Komsomol. Catalogue. – Moscow: Ministry of Culture of USSR, 1958. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1960. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1963.– p. 13. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1960. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1961. – p. 28. Soviet Russia republic exhibition of 1960. Exhibition catalogue.– Moscow: Ministry of culture of Russian Federation, 1960. – p. 57. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1961. Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1964. – p. 28. Autumn Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1962.Exhibition Catalogue. – Leningrad: : Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1962. – p. 19. The Leningrad Fine Arts Exhibition. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1965. – p. 36. The Fall Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1968.Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1971. – p. 12. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists dedicated to the 25th Anniversary of the Victory in Great Patriotic war. Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1972. – p. 8.Our Contemporary Exhibition catalogue of works by Leningrad artists of 1971. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1972. – p. 16. Art works by Russian Federation Artists grants to Museums and Culture Institutions (1963–1971). Official Catalogue. – Moscow: Russian Federation Union of Artists, 1972. – p. 73.Our Contemporary The Third Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1973. Catalogue. -Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1974. – p. 10. Exhibitions of Soviet art. Directory. Volume 3.1941 – 1947. – Moscow: Soviet Artist, 1973. – pp. 11, 225, 334, 342. Our Contemporary regional exhibition of Leningrad artists of 1975. Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1980.– p. 20. The Portrait of Contemporary the Fifth Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists of 1976. Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1983. – p. 16. The Fine Arts of Leningrad. Exhibition catalogue.– Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1976. – p. 24. Exhibition of works by Leningrad artists dedicated to the 60th Anniversary of October Revolution. Catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1982. – p. 17. Directory of members of the Union of Artists of USSR.Volume 2. – Moscow: Soviet artist, 1979. – p. 110. Exhibitions of Soviet art. Directory. Volume 5. 1954 – 1958.– Moscow: Soviet Artist, 1981. – pp. 27, 121, 341, 376, 386, 420, 534, 567, 571. Directory of members of the Leningrad branch of Union of Artists of Russian Federation.- Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1980. – p. 83. <mask>. Painting.Exhibition catalogue. – Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR, 1982. Les Paintres du Bonheur. Auction Catalogue. – Paris: Drouot Richelieu, 8 Novembre 1993. – p. 15. The Leningrad Artists.Paintings of 1950-1980s. Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Saint Petersburg Union of Artists, 1994. – p. 5. Painting from the life, by Leningrad artists. Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1994.– p. 5. Saint-Pétersbourg – Pont-Audemer. Dessins, Gravures, Sculptures et Tableaux du XX siècle du fonds de L' Union des Artistes de Saint-Pétersbourg. – Pont-Audemer: 1994. – p. 74. Paintings from the life of 1940 – 1980 by Leningrad artists. Exhibition Catalogue.– Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial Museum, 1994. – p. 4. The Lyrics in the works of artists of the war generation. Painting, drawings. Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Nikolai Nekrasov Memorial museum, 1995. – p. 4.Matthew C. Bown. Dictionary of 20th Century Russian and Soviet Painters 1900-1980s. – London: Izomar 1998. , . Link of Times: 1932 – 1997. Artists – Members of Saint – Petersburg Union of Artists of Russia. Exhibition catalogue. – Saint Petersburg: Manezh Central Exhibition Hall, 1997.– p. 294. Sergei V. Ivanov. Unknown Socialist Realism. The Leningrad School. – Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Edition, 2007. – pp. 9, 19, 20, 395, 385, 387–399, 401, 404, 405, 444. , .Anniversary Directory graduates of Saint Petersburg State Academic Institute of Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture named after Ilya Repin, Russian Academy of Arts. 1915 – 2005. – Saint Petersburg: Pervotsvet Publishing House, 2007. p. 66.  .
<mask>. – Saint Petersburg: NP-Print Publishing, 2009. – 144 p.

1907 births
1979 deaths
Soviet military personnel of World War II
20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Soviet painters
Leningrad School artists
People from Saint Petersburg
Members of the Leningrad Union of Artists
Socialist realism artists
Painters from Saint Petersburg
Repin Institute of Arts alumni

masks:
Mikhail Davidovich Natarevich
Mikhail Davidovich Natarevich
Natarevich
Natarevich
Mikhail Bernshtein
Natarevich
Natarevich
Michael Natarevich
Michael Natarevich
Natarevich
Mikhail Davidovich
Natarevich
Natarevich
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Tkachev
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Kaneev
Mikhail Kozell
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Tkachev
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Natarevich
Mikhail Natarevich


texts:
<mask> was the pseudonym of Mary Amelia St. Clair (24 August 1863 – 14 November 1946), a popular British writer who wrote about two dozen novels, short stories and poetry. She was an active suffragist, and member of the Woman Writers' Suffrage League. She once dressed up as a demure, rebel Jane Austen for a suffrage fundraising event. <mask> was also a significant critic in the area of modernist poetry and prose, and she is attributed with first using the term 'stream of consciousness' in a literary context, when reviewing the first volumes of Dorothy Richardson's novel sequence Pilgrimage (1915–1967), in The Egoist, April 1918. Early life
<mask> was born in Rock Ferry, Cheshire. Her mother, <mask>, was strict and religious; her father, <mask>, was a Liverpool shipowner, who went bankrupt, became an alcoholic, and died when <mask> was still a child. The family moved to Ilford on the edge of London.After one year of education at Cheltenham Ladies College, <mask> was obliged to look after her brothers, as four of the five, all older than her, were suffering from a fatal congenital heart disease. Career
From 1896 <mask> wrote professionally to support herself and her mother, who died in 1901. An active feminist, <mask> treated a number of themes relating to the position of women and marriage. Her works sold well in the United States. <mask>'s suffrage activities were remembered by Sylvia Pankhurst. Photographs (as "Mary Sinlair" show her around the WSPU offices in Kensington. In 1912 the Women Writers' Suffrage League published her ideas on feminism.Here she de-bunked theories put forward by Sir Almroth Wright that the suffragists were powered by their sexual frustration because of the shortage of men. She said that suffrage and the class struggle were similar aspirations and the working woman should not be in competition with the ambitions of the male working class. Around 1913, she was a founding supporter of the Medico-Psychological Clinic in London which was run by Dr Jessie Murray. <mask> became interested in psychoanalytic thought, and introduced matter related to Sigmund Freud's teaching in her novels. In 1914, she volunteered to join the Munro Ambulance Corps, a charitable organization (which included Lady Dorothie Feilding, Elsie Knocker and Mairi Chisholm) that aided wounded Belgian soldiers on the Western Front in Flanders. She was sent home after only a few weeks at the front; she wrote about the experience in both prose and poetry. Her 1913 novel The Combined Maze, the   story of a London clerk and the two women he loves,  was highly praised by critics, including George Orwell, while Agatha Christie  considered it one of the greatest English novels of its time.She wrote early criticism on Imagism and the poet H. D. (1915 in The Egoist); she was on social terms with H. D. (Hilda Doolittle), Richard Aldington and Ezra Pound at the time. She also reviewed in a positive light the poetry of T. S. Eliot (1917 in the Little Review) and the fiction of Dorothy Richardson (1918 in The Egoist). Some aspects of <mask>'s subsequent novels have been traced as influenced by modernist techniques, particularly in the autobiographical Mary Olivier: A Life (1919). She was included in the 1925 Contact Collection of Contemporary Writers. <mask> wrote two volumes of supernatural fiction, Uncanny Stories (1923) and The Intercessor and Other Stories (1931). E. F. Bleiler called <mask> "an underrated writer" and described Uncanny Stories as "excellent". Gary Crawford has stated <mask>'s contribution to the supernatural fiction genre, "small as it is, is notable".Jacques Barzun included <mask> among a list of supernatural fiction writers that "one should make a point of seeking out". Brian Stableford has stated that  <mask>'s "supernatural tales are written with uncommon delicacy and precision, and they are among the most effective examples of their fugitive kind." Andrew Smith has described Uncanny Stories as "an important contribution to the ghost story". From the late 1920s she was suffering from the early signs of Parkinson's disease, and ceased writing. She settled with a companion in Buckinghamshire in 1932. She is buried at St John-at-Hampstead's churchyard, London. Philosophy

<mask> also wrote non-fiction based on studies of philosophy, particularly idealism.She defended a form of idealistic monism in her book A Defence of Idealism (1917). <mask> was interested in parapsychology and spiritualism, she was a member of the Society for Psychical Research from 1914. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. pp. 101–143. External links

The homepage of the May Sinclair Society
An essay on <mask>, Dorothy Richardson, and 'Stream of Consciousness'
A 2001 essay by Leigh Wilson (University of Westminster), from The Literary Encyclopedia

The Cellar-House of Pervyse (1917) at Internet Archive
We Brought Succour to Belgium (1914) at 'A Nurse at the War'
May <mask> and the First World War (Part 1) (1999) at National Humanities Center
May Sinclair and the First World War (Part 2) (1999) at National Humanities Center
May Sinclair papers Kislak Center for Special Collections, Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Pennsylvania

1863 births
1946 deaths
British women in World War I
British women short story writers
English short story writers
English feminists
English spiritualists
English women poets
Idealists
Ghost story writers
Modernist women writers
Parapsychologists
People from Birkenhead

masks:
May Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Amelia Sinclair
William Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
Sinclair
May Sinclair
Sinclair


texts:
<mask> is an American artist. He was born in Augusta, Georgia in 1948. He studied Philosophy and Visual Arts at Georgia State University in Atlanta. Following the completion of his university degrees, he left the U.S. to live and work in Greece between 1975 and 1982. Biography
His time in Greece was shared between Thessaloniki and the island of Paros. There were many trips of discovery throughout Greece and the Balkan Peninsula, as well as Turkey, North Africa, and the Mediterranean world. The encounters with Archaic Greek sculpture and Minoan Painting left deep impressions, above all for their provocative simplicity and essence of line.The potential for the figurative within the context of the dominant minimalist visual culture of contemporary art may well have germinated from the initial visual shocks of this imagery. Here was an art that embodied  both graphic dynamism and the impulse to vital forms and themes. His six years in Greece provided a relatively isolated cocoon for research and experimental trial-and-error ; moving steadily closer to a way to flesh out his first personal, near-archaic, works. It was soon after his arrival in Paris that he made the group of paintings that constituted his first gallery exhibition, in 1984. In the aftermath there appeared articles on these works in art magazines such as ‘Eighty’, Opus International, Flash Art, and Art in America. He was invited to participate in the international survey of contemporary art ‘Anniottanta’ at the Museum of Modern art of Bologna in 1985. That same year, he received the Prix de Peinture at the Salon International d’Art Contemporain in Montrouge, and his work was acquired by the Musée Nationale d’Art Moderne et Contemporaine, the Centre Pompidou, in Paris.Exhibitions in Vienna, Innsbruck, and Rome were held in 1986, and he also began a long-running collaboration with Michael Woolworth publications, creating numerous prints and artist’s books in the intervening years. Other collaborations and commissions have subsequently become an integral facet of his visual production. Mural projects were realized for the Reims Urban Transport headquarters (1998), for the City of Paris (2000), La Grande Arche de la Défense (1991), as well as for private companies in France. The Centre Regional d’Art Contemporain of Toulouse presented the first large institutional survey of his work in 1990. Since then there have followed regular intervals of exhibitions in galleries throughout Europe. 6, January/February 1985
'Les Signes Secrets de William MacKendree', Henri-Francois Debailleux; Café Crème Magazine No. 6, Hiver 1986
'La Part Irréductible', Robert Hoang Haî; Kanal Magazine No.33-34, Octobre/Novembre 1987
'<mask>', Jean-Luc Chalumeau; Opus International, Automne 1987
'L'Objet Ex-Situ', Laurence Cabidoche; le Journal de Toulouse, 22/11/1990
'MacKendree se sent tou choses', Henri-Francois Debailleux; Liberation journal, 24/11/1990
'Het dromendagboek van kunschilder <mask>, Max Borka; De Morgen journal, Brussels, 27/02/1991
'Mythologies de l'Enfance', Philippe Carteron; le Nouvel Observateur No.

masks:
William MacKendree
William MacKendree
MacKendree


texts:
John Hugh "<mask>" <mask> (born August 7, 1958) is an American politician who is the 32nd Mayor of Orlando. First elected in 2003, he is Orlando's longest serving mayor. He is a member of the Florida Democratic Party. Previously he represented Orlando in the Florida State Senate for ten years, including three years when he was the Senate Democratic leader. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1958 in Orlando. He grew up in nearby Kissimmee, graduating from Osceola High School. He began his political career after serving as an attorney and lawyer following his graduations from Brown University and the University of Florida College of Law.Florida Senate (1992–2002)

<mask>'s first run for political office was for Kissimmee City Council, which he lost. In 1992 for Florida's State Senate district 14, which consisted of Orlando and Sanford, Florida. <mask> had two Democratic primary opponents, Candice "Candy" Crawford (sister of former Florida Agriculture Commissioner Bob Crawford and political pundit Craig Crawford) and Tim Adams, a local business owner. <mask> won the primary, but failed to get the 50% needed to avoid a runoff. <mask> received 44% of the vote, while Crawford received 39%. Adams received 17% and was eliminated. The runoff between <mask> and Crawford was concentrated in Orlando's African-American communities.<mask> received the support of many of the local churches as well as the endorsement of Tim Adams and Dotti Wynn (loser of the district's Republican primary), while Crawford relied on State Representative Alzo Reddick. <mask> won the runoff 54% to 44%. He continued on to the general election where he faced Republican Steve DeMino which he won with 56% of the vote. He was subsequently re-elected in 1996 and 2000, serving a total of ten years in the State Senate, where he was State Senate Democratic leader for three years. In 2002 he ran for the office of state attorney general, losing to then-Republican (later Democrat) Charlie Crist. Mayor of Orlando (2003–present)

Elections

<mask> was elected the 32nd mayor of Orlando on February 25, 2003, in a special election after the previous mayor, Glenda Hood, was appointed Florida's Secretary of State. He was re-elected in 2004 in a regular election, narrowly avoiding a runoff with challenger Ken Mulvaney.He won re-election again on January 29, 2008, receiving 61% of the vote over challenger Mulvaney. <mask> was once again re-elected mayor in November 2015 with 62.5% of the vote for his fourth full term in office. Actions in office
In his years as mayor of Orlando, <mask> claims progress in realizing his vision for Orlando as a "world-class city." According to his re-election campaign materials, he led Orlando out of a financial crisis and made public safety a top priority. He attracted state-of-the-art health care facilities and created a regional medical area at Lake Nona, and has worked to improve all of the city's neighborhoods. During his term, Orlando has had three consecutive years of employment growth and a 2.2 percent decline in unemployment. <mask> advocated a new performing arts center for Orlando and a new arena for the Orlando Magic.He worked with then-Orange County Mayor Rich Crotty to get approval for using 1.1 billion of the county's Tourist Development Tax money, collected as a surcharge on hotel rooms, to fund construction of a new arena, a new performing arts center and large-scale renovations of the Citrus Bowl. The measure received final approvals on both the city and county levels in August 2007. Later that month, local hotelier Harris Rosen launched a drive to get initiatives on the ballot to allow citizens to vote on whether they wanted public money spent on these projects. Mayor <mask> has attracted criticism from homeless advocates due to his support for an Orlando ordinance (passed in July 2006) that requires permits for "large group feedings" in downtown parks. The Orlando group of Food Not Bombs sued <mask> and the City of Orlando over the ordinance in federal court. The court ruled in September 2008 that the ordinance was unconstitutional because it violated the group's First Amendment rights, and the city has appealed this ruling to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.Many critics of <mask>'s support of the ban on "large group feedings" claim <mask> backs the ban to appease the wealthy residents of the Lake Eola neighborhood. He is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition. <mask> was one of nine mayors who established July 15 as Social Media Giving Day in 2013, encouraging citizens to support charities via social media. In 2017, he declared July 5 as Impact Wrestling Day in the city of Orlando after joining Orlando nightclub shooting survivor Tony Marrero at an Impact event. Suspension and reinstatement
Following the 2004 election, Mulvaney alleged election fraud by <mask>. An investigation into the matter by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement led a grand jury to bring charges against the mayor, his campaign manager, and an election consultant for allegedly paying someone to gather absentee ballots in Orlando's African American community. Such payments are illegal under Florida law.In March 2005, <mask> was suspended by Governor Jeb Bush in accordance with the Florida Constitution. In April 2005, the charges were dismissed and he was reinstated as mayor. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Karen Caudill got married in 1989. Together they have two sons: Trey, who graduated from American University in 2012, and Drew. <mask> filed for divorce with his wife Karen on September 1, 2017, the divorce document stated the marriage was "irretrievably broken". <mask> married his girlfriend, Susie Pinson Galloway Shields, in 2021, they had been dating for some time and were a couple during his 2019 campaign. Shields is his second marriage.Distinctions
The Orlando Sentinel named <mask> "The most powerful person in Central Florida" for 2008. References

External links

Official Biography of <mask>

|-

|-

|-

Mayors of Orlando, Florida
Florida state senators
1958 births
Living people
Florida Democrats
People from Kissimmee, Florida
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
2012 United States presidential electors
Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni
Brown University alumni

masks:
Buddy
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Buddy Dyer
Buddy Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Dyer
Mayor Dyer


texts:
<mask> (15 April 1730 – 1787) was an English entomologist and engraver. Life and work

<mask> was encouraged in entomology from a young age by his uncle, a member of the Society of the Aurelians. In 1762 he became secretary of a second Society of Aurelians. He was a skilled artist, displaying some of his insect drawings at the Royal Academy in 1785. He drew and engraved illustrations for books including Dru Drury's Illustrations of Natural History (3 volumes, 1770–1782) and John Coakley Lettsom's The Naturalist's and Traveller's Companion (1772). Colour theory

In "The Natural System of Colours" published in 1766, <mask> discussed the multitude of colours that can be created using three "grand or principle" colours: red, yellow and blue. As a naturalist and an engraver, <mask> focussed on the relationships between colours and how they are coded and created.He explained how three colours can be íntermixed, tinted and shaded to create 660 colours "materially, or by the painters art". <mask> referred to red, yellow and blue as "Primitives" and attempted to link these to Isaac Newton's colour theory by making reference to colours "seen in the rainbow refracted by the prism". "The Natural System of Colours" features two illustrations and the first of these is <mask>' 'Prismatic' colour wheel which features red, yellow and blue as the key principle colours. These colours sit at the centre of the colour wheel surrounded by variations of 'Mediate' colours, orange, green and purple. The second illustration in "The Natural System of Colours" is <mask>' 'Compound' colour wheel which features orange, green and purple at the centre surrounded by variations of tertiary colours between each of the 'Mediate' colours. <mask> conflated the creation of colour using pigments with the creation and appearance of colour in respect to light-waves in two ways. Firstly, in his attempt to deal with black and white.He suggested that the admixture of opposing colours create "a dirty unmeaning colour" and he contended that the admixture of red, blue and yellow "in equal force and in the strongest powers which by violently opposing each other and in very unequal contest are all three continually defeated, causing a total confusion and obscurity in darkness", thereby suggesting that these three colours create black. In reference to this claim, the centres of each colour wheel feature three overlaid colours (red, yellow and blue, and orange, green and purple) outlined in black (as a result of the engraving process used to create the illustration) thereby causing a blackish effect but on closer inspection, the central segment of each colour wheel appears a dark, murky brown. In reference to white, <mask> suggested that white represented a "total privation or absence of colour". In addition, <mask> suggested that his 'Prismatic' colour wheel reflected the colours "shown in the prism" while the colours depicted in the 'Compound' colour wheel "admits of all colours in nature, not found in the prismatic part". The Natural System of Colours was published again in 1811, this time edited by Thomas Martyn and dedicated to the second President of the Royal Academy, Benjamin West. In 1963, a reproduction of "The Natural System of Colours" was privately printed and distributed by the Whitney Library of Design, New York. The reproduction came about when Faber Birren acquired a copy of <mask>' original book and arranged to have it faithfully reproduced.Birren supervised the reproduction and ensured that the engravings of the two colour wheels matched those in <mask>' original book. Entomology

<mask> published his The Aurelian or natural history of English insects in 1766. In 1780 he followed this up with the first scientific descriptions of several Odonata including the banded demoiselle, Calopteryx splendens, and was the first English artist to make illustrations of dragonflies accurate enough to be identified to species. Reviewing his artwork, the odonatologists Albert Orr and Matti Hämäläinen comment that his drawing of a 'large brown' (Aeshna grandis, top left of image) was "superb", while the "perfectly natural colours of the eyes indicate that <mask> had examined living individuals of these aeshnids and either coloured the printed copper plates himself or supervised the colourists." However, they consider the larva on the same plate far less good, "a very stiff dorso-lateral view of an aeshnid larva with mask extended. No attempt has been made to depict the eyes, antennae or hinge on the mask or labial palps, all inconceivable omissions for an
artist of <mask>' talent had he actually examined a specimen", and they suggest he copied it from August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof. In 1778, <mask> discovered the Muscina levida [assimilis] species of fly.Two years later, he followed with a discovery of the Muscina prolapsa species of fly. Works

Written by <mask>
 Natural System of Colours (1766)
 The Aurelian or natural history of English insects (1766, 2nd edn 1775)
 The English Lepidoptera, or, the Aurelian's Pocket Companion (1775)
 An Exposition of English Insects Including the Several Classes of Neuroptera, Hymenoptera, & Diptera, or Bees, Flies, & Libellulae (1776[-80])

Illustrated by <mask>
 Copper plates for Dru Drury's Illustrations of Natural History
 44 watercolour drawings on life-cycle of British Lepidoptera for a projected edition of the Aurelian (Natural History Museum)
 Compound and Prismatic Colour Wheels (Royal Academy)

Family
<mask> was survived by his wife, and a son, <mask> (1767–1832), a watercolour painter. See also
 Dragonfly

References

External links

Special collections Short account four plates. Section 45:"Object Studies: Hand-Colored Engraving"The Creation of Color in Eighteenth-Century Europe See also Section 3, "Number, Order, Form" and the glossary entry. Exhibition on <mask> at Brighton 2013. <mask>, <mask> (1778) The Aurelian. Several high-resolution images from this book can be found here 1840 edition

English entomologists
1730 births
1788 deaths
English engravers

masks:
Moses Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
John Harris
Harris
Harris
Moses