texts:
<mask> (born July 23, 1960) is a retired American professional wrestler. He held 16 titles during a 20-year career, including the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship. Professional wrestling career

Early career
<mask> began wrestling as an amateur in high school and was one of the top athletes in his home state of Florida. He started professional wrestling in 1982. He wrestled in Southwest Championship Wrestling in Texas and formed a team in ICW with Joe Savoldi known as the "New York Rockers". He then worked for the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico where he teamed a lot with Joe Savoldi and later feuded with Invader l.

Mid South
In 1986 <mask> wrestled for Bill Watt's Mid-South Wrestling, and teamed with "Wildcat" Wendell Cooley and defeated the team of Steve" Dr. Death" Williams and Bruiser Bob Sweetan for the Mid-South Tag Team Championship. Sweetan was substituting for Ted DiBiase while DiBiase was touring Asia.World Class
<mask> went on to make a name for himself as "The Latin Heartthrob" in World Class Championship Wrestling in 1987, where he was the top heel for several months. He was managed by Gary Hart and feuded with Kevin Von Erich, Kerry Von Erich and Dingo Warrior. <mask> won the World Class Texas Championship after supposedly defeating previous champion Warrior in a phantom match in Puerto Rico on 21 June 1987. He later defeated Kevin Von Erich for the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship by forfeit. On 25 December 1987 he successfully defended the title in a steel cage match against Kerry Von Erich, recently returned from a 1986 motorcycle accident. Hart and Von Erich's father Fritz were supposed to be handcuffed together but after Fritz was attacked by several heels and afterwards (kayfabe) collapsed with a suspected heart attack, Hart alone was handdcuffed to the ropes. A distraught (kayfabe) Von Erich nonetheless went ahead with the title challenge.<mask> managed to smash Von Erich's head into the handcuffs to score the pinfall win. Von Erich later defeated <mask> for the title. <mask> and Hart left for Jim Crockett Promotions. Jim Crockett Promotions (NWA) and PWF
In 1988, <mask> moved to the National Wrestling Alliance's Jim Crockett Promotions with Hart and teamed with Larry Zbyszko along with feuding with Nikita Koloff and Dusty Rhodes. In 1989 he wrestled for Dusty Rhodes' Professional Wrestling Federation based in Florida. He won the PWF Florida Heavyweight Title, defeating Mike Graham for the title. He later lost the title to Dustin Rhodes.World Wrestling Federation
<mask> signed with WWF and made his debut on October 2, 1989 with a win over George South in a dark match at a WWF Superstars taping in Wheeling, WV. <mask> was undefeated the first month, wrestling primarily on C shows against Barry Horowitz and The Brooklyn Brawler. His first loss would come against Boris Zukhov on November 13, 1989 in Roanoke, VA. <mask> would then continue to wrestle primarily on the undercard, although in one Prime Time Wrestling show host Gorilla Monsoon made mention of a possible tag-team pairing of <mask> and Santana. <mask> was primarily seen on house shows and Prime Time Wrestling. Despite sustaining losses to the likes of Hercules and Tito Santana, <mask> had many wins over wrestlers such as Paul Roma, Jim Powers, The Red Rooster, Koko B. Ware, "Bullet" Bob Bradley, Paul Diamond/Kato, Jim Brunzell, and others. His last WWF match was a win over Jim Powers on July 23, 1990 in West Palm Beach, FL. World Championship Wrestling
On September 5, 1990, <mask> competed as The Black Scorpion, wrestling Sting in a losing effort at Clash of Champions XII.According to Ric Flair, <mask> was always meant to be The Black Scorpion, but quit after finding out he was going to lose. However <mask> would wrestle one more match as The Scorpion at a house show in Chicago, IL on September 30. Global Wrestling Federation

<mask> reached the finals of a tournament to crown the first GWF North American Heavyweight Champion before losing to The Patriot at the promotion's debut show on 10 August 1991 in Dallas, Texas. However, because <mask>'s feet were under the ropes when he was pinned, the Patriot, as a matter of conscience (kayfabe) refused the victory and vacated the title, defeating <mask> cleanly in a rematch on 23 August 1991. <mask> was (kayfabe) so impressed with his opponent's integrity and sportsmanship that he changed his ways and became a babyface once again. Later career
<mask> traveled to All Japan Wrestling and teamed with Dory Funk Jr against Dan Kroffat & Doug Furnas on December 6, 1991. He would wrestle in tag-team matches for All Japan again in 1993 and 1994.During the 90s <mask> also competed in several independent promotions around the United States, including a return to Liberty All-Star Wrestling (LAW) in 2001, where he beat Jimmy Jannetty for the LAW Heavyweight title before retiring from the business in 2002. Championships and accomplishments
Championship Wrestling from Florida
FCW Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
PWF Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Mid-South Wrestling
Mid-South Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Wendell Cooley
NWA New Zealand
NWA Australasian Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mark Lewin
NWA New Zealand British Commonwealth Championship (2 times)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him # 272 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003. Southwest Championship Wrestling
SCW Southwest Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Manny Fernandez
 Supreme Wrestling Federation
SWF Tag Team championship (1 time) - with Paul Orndorff
Texas Wrestling Federation
TWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Western States Sports
NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dennis Stamp
World Class Wrestling Association
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Council
WWC North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Joe Savoldi

References

External links
<mask> at Online World of Wrestling

1960 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Sportspeople from Tampa, Florida

masks:
Al Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Al Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Al Perez


type: original

texts:
<mask> (; 20 April 1861 – 27 November 1911), courtesy name Wuqiao (), was a Manchu politician, educator and collector who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He was a member of the Tohoro () clan and the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners. Life
Duanfang was actually Han Chinese even though he was under a Manchu banner. Some Han Chinese joined Manchu banners directly, instead of joining the separate Han Chinese banners. Han Chinese in the Manchu banners became Manchucized. The Manchu White Banner were joined by some Zhejiang Han Chinese with the family name Tao who defected to the Manchus towards the end of the Ming dynasty. Their last name was changed to the Manchu sounding "Tohoro".Duanfang was one of their descendants. The Manchu bannermen typically used their first/personal name to address themselves and not their last name, while Han bannermen used their last name and first in normal Chinese custom. Duanfang followed the Manchu custom. Duanfang passed the Imperial Examination in 1882 during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, and then served as a yuanwailang () before being promoted to langzhong (). He supported the 1898 Hundred Days' Reform, but when it failed, he was protected by Ronglu and Li Lianying and was not implicated. The Qing government established the agriculture, commerce, and trade bureau in Beijing, and Duanfang was placed in charge of the bureau. Empress Dowager Cixi awarded Duanfang with an official cap of the third rank.Duanfang purchased a batch of animals from Germany for the Beijing Zoo. Since then, Duanfang took the post of Shaanxi provincial judge, administrative commissioner, and agent of the Shaanxi governor. In 1900, after Beijing was occupied by the forces of the Eight-Nation Alliance after the Battle of Beijing, Empress Dowager Cixi and the Guangxu Emperor fled to Shaanxi. Duanfang was transferred to a new post as Henan provincial administrative commissioner, and then to governor of Hubei. In 1902, Duanfang served as acting Viceroy of Liangjiang, Afterward, he was transferred to a new post as Governor of Hunan. In his successive posts, he encouraged students to study abroad, known as an englightened person, "enthusiastic in experience in foreign and domestic affairs." In 1905, Duanfang was recalled to Beijing, and was promoted to Viceroy of Min-Zhe, although when he took office, he was dispatched to do more important tasks.On September 24, because of the Constitutional Movement, the Qing government sent Duanfang along with Zaize, Dai Hongci, Xu Shichang, and Shao Ying to go one a diplomatic mission to the West to study constitutions in order to prepare the Qing constitution. When the five ministers embarked on that day, a revolutionary, Wu Yue, activated a suicide bomb at the Zhengyangmen train station in an assassination attempt, resulting in the postponement of the journey. Xu Shichang, Shaoying, and Li Shengduo were replaced by Shang Qiheng. Duanfang wrote articles against footbinding in support of the Foot Emancipation Society. On December 7, Duanfang and Dai Hongci departed in secrecy, with 33 official members on a warship from Qinhuangdao to Shanghai, and on December 19 in the afternoon transfer to an American cruise to Japan. They visited Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austria, and Russia, returning in August the following year. After their return, Duanfang gave a summary of their inspection, advocating strongly that the main source of study should be on the Japanese Meiji Restoration, and as fast as possible formulate the Qing Empire's Constitution.After returning to China, Duanfang served as Viceroy of Liangjiang. In 1909, he became Governor of Zhili. Due to photographs being taken at the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi, Duanfang was dismissed from office. The Nanyang industrial exposition took place while Duanfang was Nanyang chancellor (). On May 18, 1911, Duanfang was appointed as the Chuanhan and Yuehan railroad's superintendent. The Railway Protection Movement erupted over the nationalization of local railroad construction and their transfer to foreign banks. Duanfang arrived in Hankou on July 14.On September 7, due to a murder in Chengdu, the situation of Sichuan spiraled out of control, eventually resulting in the Xinhai Revolution. On September 10, the Qing imperial court removed Zhao Erfeng as governor of Sichuan, and <mask> became the acting governor, he led the Hubei New Army into Sichuan. The new army mutinied on November 27, and officer Liu Yifeng killed Duanfang, as part of a general wave of anti Manchu violence during the revolution. Educational achievements
Duanfang is one of the founders of China's modern education, while he was acting Viceroy of Liangjiang, he founded the Jinan Academy in Nanjing. As governor of Hubei and Hunan, he established he Teacher's college. While he was governor of Jiangsu, determined to get rid of bad habits, ordered counties to refund red envelopes to use to send two local students to study abroad. Duanfang was the founder of the first kindergarten in China and provincial libraries.He also sent out more than 20 girls to go to Japan to study pedagogy. The Jiangnan Library was founded by Duanfang in Nanjing in 1907. Collection
Duanfang was a well-known collector of antiques, and maintained a good relationship with Paul Pelliot and others. During his inspection tours abroad, he also collected ancient Egyptian artifacts, becoming the first modern Chinese person to have a collection of foreign artifacts. After he died in Sichuan, his children lived in poverty, and in 1924 they sold his most famous collection -- a set of Shang dynasty bronze artifacts -- for about 20 million taels of silver to John Calvin Ferguson. The bronzes are now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. References

Citations

Sources

External links

1861 births
1911 deaths
Assassinated Chinese people
Governors of Shaanxi
Political office-holders in Henan
Political office-holders in Hubei
Political office-holders in Fujian
Political office-holders in Jiangsu
Political office-holders in Tianjin
Qing dynasty politicians
Jinan University
Viceroys of Huguang
Viceroys of Min-Zhe
Viceroys of Sichuan
Viceroys of Zhili
Manchu Plain White Bannermen

masks: Duanfang Duanfang


texts:
<mask> (23 May 192325 September 2009) was a Spanish pianist and composer. She was considered one of the great piano legends of the 20th century. Reuters called her "the greatest Spanish pianist in history", Time "one of the world's most outstanding pianists", and The Guardian "the leading Spanish pianist of her time". She won multiple Grammy Awards and a Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts. She is credited with bringing greater popularity to the compositions of Isaac Albéniz and Enrique Granados. In 1995, she became the first Spanish artist to win the UNESCO Prize. Life and career
<mask> was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.She began studying piano with Frank Marshall at the age of three. Both her parents were pianists and she was also the niece of pianists. She gave her first public performance at the age of five at the International Exposition in Barcelona. She performed her first concert at the age of six at the World's Fair in Seville in 1929, and had her orchestral debut at the age of 11. By 1943, her performances were selling out in Spain. She began touring internationally in 1947, and in 1954 toured North America with the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In 1966, she engaged in a first tour of Southern Africa which proved so wildly popular that three further tours were completed In 1969, <mask> performed in Boston for the Peabody Mason Concert series.<mask>, writes Jed Distler, "started composing at age seven and continued on and off until her 30th year, with a prolific spurt in her late teens," and while she never performed her works in public, she gave her family the choice of making them available after her death, which they have done. <mask> made numerous recordings of the solo piano repertoire and in particular the works of composers of her native Spain. She is best known for her recordings of the music of <mask> Falla, Enrique Granados, <mask>u, and Isaac Albéniz, as well as her 1967 recordings of Antonio Soler's keyboard sonatas. She recorded for Hispavox, CBS/Columbia/Epic, BMG/RCA and London/Decca, winning her first Grammy Award in 1975 and her last one in 1992, at the age of almost seventy. She received the Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts in 1994. <mask> spoke in a 1978 interview with Contemporary Keyboard,
I don't believe there is a 'best' of anything in this life. I would say, though, that Granados was one of the great Spanish composers, and that, in my opinion, he was the only one that captured the real Romantic flavor.His style was aristocratic, elegant and poetic – completely different from Falla and Albéniz. To me, each of them is a different world. Falla was the one who really captured the spirit of the Gypsy music. And Albéniz, I think was more international than the others. Even though his music is Spanish in flavor, his style is completely Impressionistic. Less than five feet tall and with small hands for a pianist, spanning an interval of barely a tenth on the keyboard, in her younger years she was nonetheless able to tackle all the big concertos (all five by Beethoven, Liszt's No. 1, Brahms's No.2, Rachmaninoff's Nos. 2 and 3, both of Ravel's, and those of Prokofiev, Bartók, Bliss and Khachaturian, and many more), as well as the wide spans demanded by the music of Granados, Albéniz, and <mask>a. She had a "long fifth finger" and a "wide stretch between thumb and index finger" which enhanced her technical ability. "She made her first recordings, of Chopin, at age 9, her feet not yet able to reach the pedals" and was considered a great interpreter of Chopin. As she grew older she began to play a different style of music; more Mozart and Beethoven were featured in her recitals and she became a regular guest at the "Mostly Mozart Festival" of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York. In 2001, she was named Honorary Member of the Foundation for Iberian Music at The City University of New York. <mask> retired from public performance in October 2003, aged 80, following a 76-year career.<mask> <mask> died on 25 September 2009 in Quiron Hospital, Barcelona, aged 86. She had been in declining health since breaking her hip five years previously. Her husband, the pianist Juan Torra, with whom she had two children, had died in 1982. List of awards and nominations
<mask> won several individual awards throughout her lifetime. Her extended discography has been recognized with 14 Grammy nominations (1967, 1971, 1974,1975 (x2), 1977 (x2), 1982 (x2), 1984, 1988, 1990, 1991, 1992), of which she won four. She received honorary degrees from universities in Michigan, Middlebury College, Vermont, and Carnegie Mellon. A crater on the planet Mercury has been named in her honor.|-
| 1960 || Albéniz: Iberia – Books II & III (Erato Records) || Grand Prix du Disque ||
|-
| 1968 || Granados: Goyescas – Book II, Escenas románticas (Erato Records) || Grand Prix du Disque ||
|-
| 1974 || Albéniz: Iberia (Decca) || Grand Prix du Disque ||
|-
| 1991 || Granados: Goyescas, Allegro De Concierto, Danza Lenta (RCA) || Grand Prix du Disque ||
|-
| 1968 || ? || Edison Award ||
|-
| 1978 || ? || Edison Award ||
|-
| 1989 || Albéniz: Iberia (Decca) || Edison Award ||
|-
| 1974 || Albéniz: Iberia (Decca) || Grammy Award ||
|-
| 1975 || Ravel: Concerto For Left Hand and Concerto For Piano in G; Faure: Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Decca) || Grammy Award ||
|-
| 1988 || Albéniz: Iberia, Navarra, Suite Española (Decca) || Grammy Award ||
|-
| 1991 || Granados: Goyescas, Allegro De Conicerto, Danza Lenta (RCA)|| Grammy Award ||
|-
| 1971 || ? || Records of the Year (London) ||
|-
| 1974 || ?

masks:
Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle
Alicia de Larrocha
de Larrocha
De Larrocha
De Larrocha
Manuel de
Federico Mompo
De Larrocha
de Fall
De Larrocha
Alicia de
Larrocha
De Larrocha


texts:
<mask>  (born 15 October 1969) is a Scottish football manager and former player who is currently the English Football Association's technical lead for women's national teams. As a player <mask> was a powerful centre back, who captained Scotland as well as clubs including Kilmarnock and Hibernian. During her playing career, <mask> won every domestic honour in Scotland and played in the UEFA Women's Cup. She won 59 caps for Scotland between 1989 and 2008, scoring three goals. As a manager, <mask> gained experience at Kilmarnock, Hibernian and Spartans while progressing through the Scottish Football Association's (SFA) Long-term Player Development pathway, eventually taking charge of the Scotland women's under-19 national team in 2009. She gained the UEFA Pro Licence in January 2013, shortly before leaving the SFA for Arsenal. She led Arsenal to an FA Women's Cup and Continental Cup double in 2013, and a second FA Cup in 2014.After a stint with the Stirling University men's team, <mask> managed the Scotland women's team. She guided Scotland to their first appearance in a Women's World Cup finals, but left after they failed to qualify for the following European Championship. Playing career

Club career
<mask> participated in football at school and Edinburgh Dynamo were her first football club. In 2001–02 <mask>o's. In summer 2002 she moved to league champions Kilmarnock, ahead of the inaugural Scottish Women's Premier League season. In September 2002 <mask> made her UEFA Women's Cup debut in a 0–0 draw with CSK. In January 2005 <mask> and compatriot Nicky Grant signed for struggling English FA Women's Premier League club Doncaster Rovers Belles, both making their debuts in a 3–1 home defeat by Charlton Athletic.<mask> and Grant scored in the Belles' 2–0 win over Bristol City to help the club avoid relegation. International career
<mask> made her senior Scotland debut against the "Auld Enemy" England, a 3–0 friendly defeat at Starks Park, Kirkcaldy in April 1989. <mask> stopped playing football for around nine years, during which she gave birth to her daughter. Returning to the game in her early thirties, she trained hard to win back her place in the Scotland team. In May 2001, <mask> was named in coach Vera Pauw's Scotland squad for a friendly with the Netherlands at Almondvale Stadium. She was listed as a Heart of Midlothian LFC player. Following her comeback, <mask> later intended to quit national team duty after a tour of Cyprus in 2007, but was persuaded by coach Anna Signeul to return for the UEFA Women's Euro 2009 qualifying campaign.Prior to the home fixture against Ukraine at McDiarmid Park in May 2008, presentations were made to <mask>, Megan Sneddon and Suzanne Grant who had all reached the milestone of 50 appearances for their country. <mask> retired from international football, at 39 years old, after the away leg of Scotland's eventual away goals defeat by Russia in Nalchik on 30 October 2008, in the qualifying play-off. It was reported that this had been her 58th and final cap. In an interview with She Kicks in May 2010, <mask> attested to a total of 59 appearances. As of 2019, she held Scottish national records for the oldest player (39 years, 15 days) and the longest span of appearances (19 years, 183 days between first and last caps). Coaching career
<mask> took her first coaching course at the Inverclyde NTSC in 1989. When Jim Chapman resigned as manager of Kilmarnock Ladies in 2004, <mask> took the team's training sessions in the opening months of the 2004–05 season.She did not want the job on a permanent basis and was keen for someone else to take over. After <mask>'s playing career took her to Doncaster Rovers Belles, then back to Scotland with Hibernian, she took over as Hibs' player–coach under manager Maggie Wilson in 2007–08. That season she captained the club to a Scottish Women's Cup and Scottish Women's Premier League Cup double. In June 2008 <mask> left Hibernian for a player–manager role at their Edinburgh rivals Spartans. Having previously worked as a Regional Development Officer for the Scottish Football Association (SFA), <mask> was appointed Technical and Development Programme Manager for Girls and Women's Football in 2009. The women's under–19 national team came under <mask>'s remit and she steered them to the 2010 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship finals. Increasing commitments with the SFA meant that <mask> resigned as Spartans manager in April 2010.<mask> was awarded the UEFA Pro Licence in January 2013. On 1 February 2013 she was "extremely excited" to be announced as Laura Harvey's successor as manager of Arsenal Ladies. The club under her management won the FA Women's Cup and Continental Cup and finished third in the league during the 2013 season. After a poor run of form which saw the club gain only one point from the opening four league matches of the 2014 season, exit the Champions League to Birmingham and suffer a shock loss to Reading in the League Cup, <mask> decided to resign. <mask>'s final game in charge of Arsenal was the 2014 FA Women's Cup final which her team won 2–0 against Everton. On 19 August 2014 <mask> was appointed as manager of the Lowland Football League team Stirling University. <mask>'s appointment was the first time at that level in the United Kingdom a woman has been named as manager of a men's club.She led the team to consistent top five league finishes and the British Universities Championship final in 2014–15, but lost 1–0 to Hartpury University. <mask> also established an under 20 programme as a pathway to the full team for players in her time in charge. On 3 April 2017, <mask> was appointed the head coach of the Scotland women's national team. Under her management, Scotland qualified for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. <mask> left the position by mutual consent in December 2020, after the team failed to qualify for UEFA Women's Euro 2021. Style of play
Anna Signeul, <mask>'s manager at international level, described her as a "really British central defender" in respect of "toughness on the pitch, and for her ability to communicate verbally and direct the other players." Writing in the Scotland on Sunday newspaper in 2002, sports journalist Moira Gordon praised <mask> as "uncompromising and tenacious".She summarised <mask> as: "A tough player both mentally and physically, she is good in the air and also with the ball at her feet, and times her tackles well." Career statistics

International goals
Results list Scotland's goal tally first. Managerial record

Honours
Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to football. Honorary degree from the University of Stirling. Player
Hibernian
Scottish Women's Premier League: 2007
Scottish Cup: 2007, 2008

Manager
Arsenal
FA Women's Cup: 2013, 2014
FA WSL Cup: 2013

Stirling University
Queen's Park Shield: 2016–17

Scotland Women
The Pinatar Cup: 2020

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Broxburn, West Lothian
Scottish women's footballers
Scotland women's international footballers
Doncaster Rovers Belles L.F.C. players
Hibernian W.F.C. players
F.C.Kilmarnock Ladies players
FA Women's Super League managers
Arsenal W.F.C. managers
Female association football managers
Scotland women's national football team managers
Women's association football defenders
Scottish Women's Premier League managers
Scottish Women's Premier League players
Hibernian W.F.C. managers
Scottish football managers
Spartans W.F.C. players
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup managers
Members of the Order of the British Empire

masks:
Michelle Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerriulian
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr


texts:
<mask> (11 November 1926 – 5 May 2009) was a mycologist who specialized on the taxonomy and morphology of the heterobasidiomycetes (“jelly fungi”). During his 50 years as professor at the University of British Columbia, he wrote over 80 scientific publications as well as several books. He was awarded the title of Professor Emeritus in 1989. In 1990 the Canadian Botanical Association awarded him with the prestigious George Lawson Medal. <mask> died on May 18, 2009, in Vancouver, British Columbia, after suffering a stroke. Biography
<mask> "Bob<mask> was born November 9, 1926 in Weeks, Nevada to Giuseppe and <mask>. He went to high school in Hawthorne, Nevada and received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Nevada in 1953.He then studied under George Willard Martin at the University of Iowa and received his Ph.D. in 1957. The title of his thesis was: "Taxonomic studies of the genus Tremella (Tremellaceae). That same year, he received the Gertrude S. Burlingham Fellowship at the New York Botanical Garden and became assistant professor of Botany at the University of Wichita. In 1958 <mask> joined the Botany faculty at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He helped found the Vancouver Mycological Society in the 1970s. He was awarded the status of professor emeritus in 1989. <mask> died on May 18, 2009 from a stroke.Mycological and botanical contributions
<mask> mainly studied the heterobasidiomycetes, commonly known as the "Jelly Fungi". His early publications were of a classical taxonomical nature, writing descriptions of the macro- and micro-morphology via the light microscope. In the early 1970s <mask> started studying aquatic fungi that occur in terrestrial environments. He published a paper in the journal Science that explained how spores can travel upwards on a monolayer of water on a leaf surface. In the 1980s <mask> collaborated with Franz Oberwinkler and colleagues at the University of Tübingen to produce over 20 papers on the Jelly Fungi and allies. They described new species, genera, families and orders. They used TEM and SEM micrographs to investigate the significance of septal pore structures, began revising the classical phylogenetic classification and to demonstrate parasitism between Jelly Fungi and other fungi.<mask> collaborated with mycologists in Japan and other Asian countries. He was research fellow in 1983 at the University of Tsukuba and spent a sabbatical year at the University of Osaka. He wrote two field guides to Thailand mushrooms. <mask> contributed to multiple publications on taxonomy in the Jelly Fungi up until his death. In addition to scientific publications, <mask> also contributed to several influential books. He contributed to Plant diversity: An evolutionary approach; a book written by the UBC Botany Faculty that "put the Botany Department onto the North American textbook bestseller list for almost a decade". He also contributed to the 570 page textbook Nonvascular plants: An evolutionary survey.In 1964 he co-authored with Adam Szczawinski a field guide titled Guide to common mushrooms of British Columbia. Taxa described

 Achroomyces abditus	(Bandoni) Hauerslev	1993
 Agaricostilbum hyphaenes	(Har. & Pat.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Aleurodiscus gigasporus	Ginns & Bandoni	1991
 Aleurodiscus subglobosporus	Ginns & Bandoni	1991
 Atractiella columbiana	Bandoni & Inderb. 2002
 Atractiella delectans	(Möller) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractiella solani	(Cohn & J.Schröt.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractiellales	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractogloea stillata	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Bullera aurantiaca	B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Bullera globispora	B.N.Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Bullera miyagiana	Nakase, Itoh, Takem. & Bandoni	1990
 Bullera salicina	B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Calacogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1991
 Calacogloea peniophorae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1991
 Carcinomyces	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomyces effibulatus	(Ginns & Sunhede) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomyces mycetophilus	(Peck) Oberw.& Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomycetaceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Chionosphaera phylaciicola	(Seifert & Bandoni) R. Kirschner & Oberw. 2001
 Chionosphaeraceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Christiansenia subgen. Carcinomyces	(Oberw. & Bandoni) F. Rath	1991
 Cladoconidium	Bandoni & Tubaki	1985
 Cladoconidium articulatum	<mask> & Tubaki	1985
 Colacogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1991
 Colacogloea allantospora	Ginns & Bandoni	2002
 Colacogloea peniophorae	(Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw.& Bandoni	1991
 Cystofilobasidiaceae	K. Wells & Bandoni	2001
 Cystofilobasidium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium bisporidii	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium bisporidiis	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium capitatum	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw.& <mask>	1983
 Dacrymyces aquaticus	<mask> & G.C. Hughes	1984
 Dioszegia aurantiaca	(B.N. Johri & Bandoni) M. Takash., T. Deák & Nakase	2001
 Entomocorticium	H.S. Whitney, Bandoni & Oberw. 1987
 Entomocorticium dendroctoni	H.S. Whitney, Bandoni & Oberw.1987
 Exidiopsis paniculata	K. Wells & Bandoni	1987
 Exidiopsis punicea	K. Wells & Bandoni	1987
 Fibulobasidium	Bandoni	1979
 Fibulobasidium inconspicuum	Bandoni	1979
 Fibulobasidium sirobasidioides	Bandoni	1998
 Fibulostilbum phylacicola	Seifert & Bandoni	1992
 Fibulostilbum phylaciicola	Seifert & Bandoni	1992
 Filobasidium elegans	Bandoni & Oberw. 1991
 Filobasidium globisporum	<mask> & Oberw. 1991
 Galzinia culmigena	(R.K. Webster & D.A. Reid) B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1975
 Helicobasidium corticioides	Bandoni	1955
 Herpobasidium australe	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Ingoldiella nutans	Bandoni & Marvanová	1989
 Insolibasidium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Insolibasidium deformans	(C.J.Gould) Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Mycogloea amethystina	Bandoni	1998
 Mycogloea bullatospora	Bandoni	1998
 Mycogloea nipponica	Bandoni	1998
 Myxarium allantosporum	K. Wells & Bandoni	2004
 Naiadella	Marvanová & Bandoni	1987
 Naiadella fluitans	Marvanová & Bandoni	1987
 Platygloea abdita	<mask>	1959
 Platygloea jacksonii	<mask> & J.C. Krug	2000
 Pleotrachelus itersoniliae	(D.J.S. Barr & Bandoni) M.W. Dick	2001
 Pseudozyma	Bandoni emend. Boekhout	1985
 Pseudozyma prolifica	Bandoni	1985
 Ptechetelium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Ptechetelium cyatheae	(Syd.) Oberw.& Bandoni	1984
 Rozella itersoniliae	D.J.S. Barr & Bandoni	1980
 Sigmogloea	<mask> & J.C. Krug	2000
 Sigmogloea tremelloidea	Bandoni & J.C. Krug	2000
 Sirotrema	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema parvula	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema pusilla	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema translucens	(H.D. Gordon) Bandoni	1986
 Sporobolomyces lactophilus	Nakase, Itoh, M. Suzuki & Bandoni	1990
 Sporobolomyces salicinus	(B.N. Johri & Bandoni) Nakase & Itoh	1988
 Stilbotulasnella	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Stilbotulasnella conidiophora	<mask> & Oberw. 1982
 Tetragoniomyces	Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tetragoniomyces uliginosus	(P.Karst.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tetragoniomycetaceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tilletiaria	<mask> & B.N. Johri	1972
 Tilletiaria anomala	<mask> & B.N. Johri	1972
 Tremella armeniaca	<mask> & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella aurantialba	<mask> & M. Zang	1990
 Tremella guttaeformis	(Berk. & Broome) Bandoni	1961
 Tremella guttiformis	(Berk.& Broome) Bandoni	1961
 Tremella lilacea	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella mesenterella	Bandoni & Ginns	1999
 Tremella nigrifacta	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella phaeographidis	Diederich, Coppins & Bandoni	1996
 Tremella roseolutescens	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella subencephala	Bandoni & Ginns	1993
 Tremellina	Bandoni	1986
 Tremellina pyrenophila	Bandoni	1986
 Trimorphomyces	Bandoni & Oberw. 1983
 Trimorphomyces papilionaceus	Oberw. & Bandoni	1983

Honors and memberships
 Gertrude S. Burlingham Fellowship
 George Lawson Medal
 Mycological Society of Japan
 Mycological Society of America

Eponymous taxa
 Bandonia
 Bandoniozyma

See also
List of mycologists

References

Canadian mycologists
1926 births
2009 deaths
University of Nevada alumni
University of Iowa alumni
University of British Columbia Faculty of Science faculty

masks:
Robert Joseph Bandoni
Bandoni
Robert
" Joseph Bandoni
Albina Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni
Bandoni


texts:
<mask> (April 22, 1923 – June 4, 1984) was an American comic book artist who, as Marvel Comics' Silver Age production manager, was one of the key architects of the small company's expansion to a major pop culture conglomerate. He later rose to vice president, operations and vice president, special projects. "<mask> was really my right-hand man for years", described Marvel editor and company patriarch Stan Lee. Brodsky worked primarily behind the scenes, uncredited. His accomplishments include co-creating, with letterer Artie Simek, the long-familiar logo of The Amazing Spider-Man, as well as other Marvel logos still in use in the mid-2000s. He was belatedly credited after decades as the inker of Jack Kirby's pencil art for The Fantastic Four #3-4 (March–May 1962) and many other landmark comics. Lee described <mask> as "my assistant for years and the company's production head.He could write, he could draw, he could ink — he could do everything." Biography

Early life and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, the son of Abraham and <mask>, <mask> was the eldest among siblings Leonard, Ted, and Faye. Determined early in life to pursue cartooning, he took a job sweeping floors at Archie Comics in order to break into the industry. A 1985 tribute feature in the Marvel promotional magazine Marvel Age (pictured above) cites his comic-art debut at age 17 in 1940 "in the comic V-Man" (sic; the comic was actually titled V •••—, using Morse Code, and in any event,  the two issues of that Fox Comics title starring the superhero V-Man were cover-dated January and March 1942). <mask>'s earliest confirmed comics credit is inking a six-page Volton story in Holyoke Publishing's Cat-Man Comics vol. 3, #2, a.k.a. #12 (July 1942).That year <mask> began his long, if initially intermittent, association with Marvel, writing and drawing four one-page "Inky Dinky" gag strips in Mystic Comics #10 (Aug. 1942) and an additional one in Comedy Comics #11 (Sept. 1952), for the company's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. His earliest known cover art is for Holyoke's Blue Beetle #17 (Dec. 1942). <mask> served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II, advancing to the rank of corporal. The Marvel Age article reports he was stationed on the USS Fairfax, but that destroyer was decommissioned to become the British Royal Navy ship HMS Richmond on November 26, 1940, more than a year before the US entered the war. Upon his return from military service, Brodsky created the feature "Red Cross" in Holyoke's aviation series Captain Aero Comics, where it ran as a backup from issues #21-25 (Dec. 1944 - Feb. 1946). Fellow comics artist Allen Bellman recalled in 2005, "<mask> and I were close friends. We both lived in Brooklyn and I was already married.... When Roz and I were married, we moved to the Jersey shore area of Asbury Park, and <mask> and his wife visited us often. He was a warm, good-natured person." <mask> married Selma Cohen on November 28, 1948. Their first child, Janice, was born August 7, 1952, and son Gary on March 18, 1957. Atlas Comics
Brodsky in late 1950 or early 1951 — the exact date uncertain due to his work often going unsigned, in the manner of the times — began penciling and inking for Marvel's 1950s forerunner, Atlas Comics. He is tentatively credited as cover artist of Marvel Boy #1-2 (Dec. 1950 - Feb.1951), and confirmably credited through the '50s for covers and occasional stories in issues of Atlas' horror/suspense titles Adventures into Weird Worlds, Strange Tales, and Uncanny Tales; the Westerns Kid Colt, Outlaw, Gunsmoke Western, Western Outlaws, and Wild Western; the satiric Crazy; and such miscellaneous genre titles as  Sports Action and Spy Fighters.He also drew the cover of Sub-Mariner Comics #34 (June 1954). After an Atlas reorganization , publisher Martin Goodman eliminated all his comics-division staff except for editor-in-chief Stan Lee. Freelance cartoonist and later longtime Marvel colorist and Millie the Model artist Stan Goldberg recalled, "They needed someone on production to handle things since there was no real staff. I would come in a couple of days a week to help out, but I had a lot of my own freelance stuff, so I couldn't do much. Stan got in touch with <mask>. Stan was a one-man department, and with <mask> it became a two-man department." As Lee elaborated, "<mask> and I were the whole staff of Atlas Comics.I bought the art and scripts and <mask> did all the production. My job was mainly talking to the artists and the writers and telling them I wanted the stuff done. <mask> did ... the corrections, making sure everything looked right, making sure things went to the engraver and he also talked to the printer. He was really the production manager. And then little by little we built things back up again." During a 1957 economic entrenchment at the company, Goodman again fired the staff, except for Lee. <mask> teamed with friend and fellow comic artist Mike Esposito to attempt launching a publishing company.Neither Brodsky's magazine prototypes, which included a rock and roll fan magazine, nor his travel kits for children, containing things to draw, play, and stay amused with during trips, found an investor. <mask> had much more success with a series of promotional comic books he created and produced for the Big Boy restaurant chain. Lee would script the majority of these. Brodsky also produced promotional comics for Bird's Eye frozen foods, featuring talking vegetables. In 1958, Brodsky became founding editor of the satirical magazine Cracked. Marvel Comics
Until leaving Cracked in 1964 to become Marvel's production manager, <mask> was concurrently freelancing for Marvel, inking The Fantastic Four #3 (the issue that introduced the team's costumes and other mythos sui generis) and #4 (the return of the Golden Age antihero the Sub-Mariner), among other covers/interiors. As Marvel began to expand with the success of Fantastic Four, The Amazing Spider-Man and other titles, <mask>'s organizational skills and easygoing manner led Lee, by now a friend for several years, to offer him the newly created, formal position of production manager in 1964.When artist Bill Everett, on his return to Marvel after many years in commercial art, turned in Daredevil #1 (April 1964) extremely late, <mask> and Spider-Man artist Steve Ditko inked "a lot of backgrounds and secondary figures on the fly [and] cobbled the cover and the splash page together from Kirby's original concept drawing." Roy Thomas described the Marvel offices in 1965 as "just three or four little rooms. Stan's office was as big as everything else put together, and <mask>, [secretary/receptionist] Flo Steinberg, and [artist/colorist/production person] Marie Severin were crowded into two other little rooms." Some Marvel humor comics with art credited to <mask> may not have been his work. As comics historian Mark Evanier notes:

<mask> spent a few months away from Marvel in the early 1970s, when he and Israel Waldman co-founded Skywald Publications — the company name composed of truncated versions of their last names. Sometime before May 19, 1978 — the date of a letter, put up for auction years later, that he had sent to a Marvel fan — his title had become vice president, operations. Later, as vice president, special projects, he oversaw Marvel UK, Marvel Books, and other brand expansions.One-time Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter recalled in 2011 that after Skywald went defunct, "<mask> needed a job, and approached Stan [Lee], but a new Production Manager had been hired in <mask>’s absence — John Verpoorten. Stan convinced the [then-parent company] Cadence [Industries] board to create a new position for <mask>, 'V.P. of Operations'. Essentially, he was Stan's right-hand man again." Al Hewetson, who succeeded <mask> as editor of Skywald, disputes this, recalling in 2004 that <mask> had told him, "Marvel has made me an offer to go back and develop their overseas syndication, and I'm going to do it. This is a big opportunity." <mask>'s last credited issues as editor and Hewetson's first are cover-dated August 1972; Skywald's final magazines are cover-dated October 1974.A fictionalized <mask> is among the beachgoers gathered 'round the unconscious Namor in penciler Marie Severin's splash page for The Sub-Mariner #19 (Nov. 1969). As an in-joke, Severin had drawn the Marvel staff (as well as three personal friends) as onlookers. <mask> is the man in the Hawaiian shirt at lower right, gesturing to the police (and standing in front of a cigar-smoking Mike Esposito). A fictionalized <mask> also appeared alongside Lee, Kirby and Steinberg — all transformed into a Marvel Bullpen version of the Fantastic Four — in the alternate-reality comic What If Vol. 1, #11 (Oct. 1978). Written and drawn by Kirby, the odd tale featured <mask> as the Human Torch. <mask>'s son Gary founded the short-lived, 1980s independent-comics company Solson Publications, which published an issue of the T.H.U.N.D.E.R.Agents update T.H.U.N.D.E.R., by writer Michael Sawyer and artist James E. Lyle, plus the short-lived "super-president" spoof series Reagan's Raiders. <mask>'s daughter, Janice Cohen, has been a Marvel colorist. Occasional 1970s Marvel writer Allyn <mask>, who served as assistant to editor-in-chief Stan Lee, following Al Hewetson, is not related. Audio
Audio of Merry Marvel Marching Society record, including voice of <mask>sky, at Dograt.com. WebCitation archive. References

External links

 The Comics Journal #92 (Aug. 1984): "Marvel Vice President/Administration <mask> Dies at Age of 61" p. 18
 Marvel Age #22 (Jan. 1985): "<mask>sky Remembered", by Dwight Jon Zimmerman, pp. 12–25

American comics artists
Comic book publishers (people)
Jewish American artists
People from Brooklyn
Silver Age comics creators
Marvel Comics people
Archie Comics
1923 births
1984 deaths
Artists from Brooklyn
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army non-commissioned officers

masks:
Soloman Brodsky
Sol
Brodsky
Dora Brodsky
Sol Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol
Sol
Brodsky
Sol
Sol
Sol
Sol
Sol
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol
Sol
Sol
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol Brod
Sol Brodsky
Sol Brod


texts:
<mask> (born 17 December 1950 in Wels, Upper Austria) is an Austrian cartographer, developer of autostereoscopic cartographic visualisations, geologist, mountain researcher and mountaineer. Biography
After finishing college (Ramsauergymnasium) in Linz an der Donau, Austria, in 1969, he did his military service before studying geology and palaeontology as well as mineralogy and petrography at the University of Graz, Austria. In 1976 and 1977 he underwent professional training to become a certified UIAGM mountain guide. The same year he received his PhD in Graz and became research fellow there. In 1979 and 1980 he carried out postdoctoral studies in remote sensing and cartography at the ITC Enschede in the Netherlands. In 1975 he took part in a scientific expedition of several months to the Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan in 1975 which molded his future career. In 1980 he took a position at the Cartographic Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria, under Erik Arnberger.In 1983 he went as a Fulbright scholar to Fort Worth (Texas), Denver and Boulder (Colorado) as well as to the Stanford University (California). In 1984 he accomplished his habilitation in General Geology and Remote Sensing at the University of Graz. 1984 to 1992 he was employee at, and as from 1985, Head of the Institute of Digital Image Processing and Computer Graphics at Joanneum Research in Graz and taught at the University of Graz, at the Graz University of Technology and at the University of Stockholm. From 1992 to 2016 he was holding the position of Full Professor of Cartography at the Dresden University of Technology (Director of Institute for Cartography 1994–1997 and from 2003 until his retirement in 2016). In 1989 he was invited Visiting Professor at the University of Munich, in 2000/01 and 2002/03 at the University of Salzburg, Austria, in 2002 at the Center for Energy and Processes (CEP) of the École National Supérieur des Mines de Paris (ENSMP) in Sophia Antipolis, France, in 2015 at the Institute of Information Technology (IIT) of COMSATS in Islamabad, Pakistan, and in 2015/16 at the University of Bergamo, Italy. He followed several invitations to the IIT Kanpur, India. Major research fields of Buchroithner are true-3D visualization of geoinformation, high-mountain cartography (especially multitemporal 3D glacier mapping using spaceborne remote sensing and AI methods), and remote sensing cartography; furthermore dynamic cartography with remote sensing, geographic information systems, environmental monitoring, multimedia in cartography, as well as epistomology of cartography.In 2006 he initiated the first European (civilian) real-time transmission of true-3D geodata for stereoscopic vision. One of the most spectacular applications of his developments is the linking of a detailed 3D-model and visualization of the mighty Dachstein Southface with climbers' mobile phone GPS data for the support of mountain rescue actions at poor or no visibility. He initiated and led several scientific expeditions to high-alpine areas all over the world. In 1997/98 he produced the first holographic relief map worldwide (with motion-animated labeling) and displayed it at the 1999 International Cartographic Conference (ICC) in Ottawa. His developments in true-3D cartography by means of lenticular foil technology in the late 1990s led to two international patents. In 1992 <mask> has been appointed as scientific advisor of the Tibetan Mount Everest National Park Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (QNNP). From 1993 to 1997 he was Vice President of the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL), where he also chaired a SIG on landslides and mudflows, and from 1999 to 2001 of EURO-STRIM (Association for the Establishment of a European Master and Doctorate in Space Technologies for Risk Management).2002–2017 Buchroithner is Vice President of the German Cartographic Society (DGfK) International and 2003–2017 German National Delegate to the International Cartographic Association (ICA). In 2011, in his capacity as Chairman of the German Society for the Support of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Buchroithner initiated the Wissenschaftspreis der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission (DGK-Preis, Science Award of the German Geodetic Commission) for highly qualified postdoctoral researchers. Buchroithner was instrumental in founding three Commissions of the International Cartographic Association (ICA), the Commission on Mountain Cartography (1995), the Commission on Planetary Cartography (1995) and the Commission on Cartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management (2003). <mask> is married and has a son and a daughter. Achievements in mountaineering
Apart from initiating and leading numerous scientific high-mountain expeditions into the ranges of High Asia and the Andes, Buchroithner was also successful as a mountaineer. He made first ascents of Koh-e Asp-e Safed (6101 m, Afghan Pamir, 1975, solo) and Tenzin Gyatso Peak (5984 m, Tibetan Himalaya, south of Karo La, later in Chinese maps indicated as Jitan Zhoma, 6004m, 1992, together with Hans-Dieter Sauer and Bernhard Jüptner). Buchroithner took part at the second ascent of Koh-e Bardar (6078 m, Afghan Pamir, via the challenging North Ridge, with Gernot Patzelt, Heinz Badura and Martin Posch, in 1975, three days after the first ascent by a Polish expedition via the comparatively easy south face).In 1978 he and Rudi Brandstetter opened a new direct route
through the East Face of Nevado Rasac (6017 m, Cordillera Huayhuash, Peruvian Andes). In 2005 he opened, together with Martin Rihs and Reinhold Lazar, a new route onto mount Llullaillaco () from southwest. He climbed, most times solo, several 6000 m and numerous 5000 m peaks in the Andes and in the ranges of High Asia. As a rock climber he opened several new routes in the climbing sites of the Austrian Alps, both south west of Vienna and in the Grazer Bergland. He also soloed numerous rock and mixed routes in the entire Alps, Scandinavia, the Rocky Mountains, the Andes, the HKH Ranges, on Borneo and in New Zealand. Main Publications
<mask> has (co-)authored about 750 scientific publications, which have been cited about 5400 times. His h-index is 31 (status 2020).Books
 Remote Sensing. Towards Operational Application; Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria 1987 (coeditor with Robert Kostka, coauthor)
 Die Herstellung der österreichischen Satellitenbildkarten 1:100000 und 1:200000; Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1987
 Fernerkundungskartographie mit Satellitenbilddaten. Band IV/2 der Enzyklopädie der Kartographie und ihrer Randgebiete; Deuticke, Vienna 1989
 Europe. From Sealevel to Alpine Peaks, from Iceland to the Urals; Joanneum Research, Graz 1991 (editor, coautor)
 Applications of Imaging Radar for Hydro-Geological Disaster Management. A Review; Harwood Academic Publ., Amsterdam / Chur 1995 (with Klaus Granica)
 High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography ; Institute for Cartography, Dresden, Germany 1996 (editor, coautor)
 High Mountain Cartography; Kartographische Bausteine 18; Institute for Cartography, TU Dresden, Dresden 2000 (editor, coautor)
 Remote Sensing for Environmental Data in Albania. A Strategy for Integrated Management; Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands 2000 (editor)
Karten und Gletscher; Institut für Kartographie, Dresden 2000 (editor with Wolf Günther Koch and Werner Stams, coautor)
 A Decade of Trans-European Remote Sensing Cooperation; Balkema, Lisse, Netherlands 2001 (editor, coauthor)
 True-3D in Cartography. Autostereoscopic and Solid Visualisation of Geodata.Springer Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography; Springer, Heidelberg 2012 (editor, coauthor)
 Terrigenous Mass Movements. Detection, Modelling, Early Warning and Mitigation Using Geoinformation Technology; Springer, Heidelberg 2012 (coeditor with Biswajeet Pradhan, coauthor)
Cartography from Pole to Pole; Springer Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography; Springer, Heidelberg 2013 (editor with Dirk Burghardt and Nikolas Prechtel, coautor)
Paradigms in Cartography − An Epistemological Review of the 20th and 21st Centuries; Springer, Heidelberg 2014 (coautor with Pablo Iván Azócar Fernández)

Films
 Geowissenschaftliche Anwendung von Satellitenbilddaten; 1982 (with Lothar Beckel)
 Radar Stereo Mapping from Space; 1988 (with Hannes Raggam and Gerhard Triebnig)
 Das Loch im Stein; 1999 (with Dieter Berger; English: Hole in the Stone, 2000)
 Routensucher in der Atacama; 2005 (with Dieter Berger)
 Zwischen Gobi und Himalaja. Über das kartographische Werk von Sven Hedin; 2006 (with Antje Oppitz and Dieter Berger)
 Einsatz in der Südwand. Die neue Dimension der Bergrettung; 2011 (with Thomas Hillebrandt)
 Maps
Due to his expertise both in mountaineering and cartography Buchroithner contributed to a number of Alpine Club maps that are published jointly by the Austrian and the German Alpine Club resp. was assigned responsibility for content and/or production. Equally he contributed to maps of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung. Examples include:
 Alpine Club Maps
 AV-Kartenblatt 0/6: Pamir-e Wakhan, Dardistan (1975)
 AV-Kartenblatt Nr.0/13: Nevado Ojos del Salado (2004)
 AV-Kartenblatt 0/14: , Tien Shan/Kyrgyzstan (2008)
 AV-Kartenblatt 0/15: Khan Tengri, Tien Shan/Kyrgyzstan (2008)
 AV-Kartenblatt Nr. 51: Brentagruppe (Brenta group, 2011)
 ARGE Maps
 Ecuador 1: Orthophotokarte Nevado Chimborazo (1997, )
 Karte Brentagruppe 1:15.000 – Sonderausgabe anlässlich 100 Jahre Alpenvereinskarte mit Gletscherständen der Erstausgabe (2010, )
 Nepal-Kartenwerk 2: Khumbu Himal (2013, )
 Nepal-Kartenwerk 5: Shorong / Hinku (2013, )
 Nepal-Kartenwerk 11:Kailash, Gurla Mandhata (2014, )
 Ecuador 2: Orthophotokarte Cotopaxi (2015, )
 Kilimanjaro. Physiographic Map with Landuse and Vegetation. Scale 1:100,000. (2017, )

 Patents
 2004: Topographic map (facilitating the three-dimensional perception; with Thomas Gründemann and Klaus Habermann); DE 10 2004 060 069; international 2006: WO 2006/061014
 2004: Topographic map that can be visually perceived in a three-dimensional manner (with Thomas Gründemann and Klaus Habermann); DE 10 2004 060 070; international 2006: WO 2006/061015; United States 2009: US 2009/0104588
 2013: Method and assembly for locating and rescuing people (with Guido Ehlert, Bernd Hetze, Horst Kohlschmidt, Nikolas Prechtel); EP 13158991.3-1812

Accomplishments
(Selection)
1970–1975: Two times Outstanding Students Stipend by the Austrian Federal Government
 1979: Austrian Theodor Körner Prize for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences
 1982: Jungwissenschaftlerpreis (junior scientists' award) of the State of Upper Austria
 since 1992: Full Member of the Deutsche Geodätische Kommission (German Geodetic Commission, DGK) of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. 1994: Honorary conferment of the title Europa Ingenieur through FEANI Brussels
 ICA Map Awards: four times (2 × 1999, 2001, 2003) first place (Best Map Award "Excellence in Cartography"); one time second place (2013)
 2004: Best Poster Award at the 20th ISPRS Congress in Istanbul
 since 2004: Full Member; since 2009 member of the Board of Scientific Advisors and since 2013 Executive Member (Vice Chairman) of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung e. V. (Association for Comparative High Mountain Research)
 2006: HMRSC Award of the HMRSC Group of the International Cartographic Association (ICA)
 2006: Award of Appreciation of the FIG / Arab Ligue of Surveyors
 2010: Friedrich Hopfner Medal of the Austrian Geodetic Commission for his achievements in high mountain cartography
 2013: ICA Diploma for Outstanding Services
 2014: Kudos Certificate of DGfK
 2018: Silvermedal of Honour of the DGfK
 2018: Denny Medal of IMarEST, jointly with Martin Kada and Emil Bayramov

References

 Jörg Albertz, Hans-Peter Bähr, Helmut Hornik, Reinhard Rummel (Herausgeber): "Am Puls von Raum und Zeit. 50 Jahre Deutsche Geodätische Kommission.Festschrift"; Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München 2002. Dirk Burghardt (Hrsg. ): Vom Gelände zur Karte ... Festschrift anlässlich des 65. Geburtstages von Prof. Dr. phil. habil. <mask>. Buchroithner. Kartographische Bausteine, Band 40; Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 2016;
 Klaus Gertoberens: "Sächsische Erfindungen.1650 bis heute". Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden 2008. Madeleine Godefroy, Gunnar Østrem, Robin Vaughan: EARSeL’s History. The First 30 Years of the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories; European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories, Hannover 2008. Christiane Martin: GIS-Szene Serie: "Professoren und ihre Forschungsfelder." Teil 1: Kartierung von Gletschern. Auf dem Dach der Welt.GIS Business 1/2 – 2007
 Dorit Petschel: Die Professoren der TU Dresden 1828 – 2003. 3rd volume of the 175 Jahre TU Dresden series; Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2003. University of Graz alumni
Living people
1950 births
Austrian cartographers
20th-century Austrian geologists
Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Theodor Körner Prize recipients
21st-century Austrian geologists

masks:
Manfred Ferdinand Buchroithner
Manfred Buchroiner
Manfred Buchroiner
Manfred Buchroithner
Manfred F


texts:
<mask>  (June 15, 1881 – January 29, 1955) was a Scots-Canadian geologist, educator, and administrator who served as president of the University of Alberta (1928–1936), the principal of Queen's University (1936–1951), and the head of the Arctic Institute of North America (1951–1955). Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born on June 15, 1881, in the Orkney Islands of Scotland. He completed his secondary education at the Kirkwall Grammar School in Orkney funded by a county scholarship. He went on to earn a B.A. from the University of Edinburgh in 1901 and a B.Sc. in geology and mathematics from the same institution in 1907, during which time he received Exhibition Scholarship. <mask> left for Germany to pursue graduate studies in geology, obtaining an M.Sc.from the University of Göttingen. He returned to Scotland to finish his graduate work, earning his Ph.D. from Edinburgh in 1912. Later that year, <mask> married Elizabeth Harcus Smith (another Orcadian). She later became the founder and first president of the Faculty Women's Club at the University of Alberta (1933) and at Queen's University (1939). The pair had four children: Ronald, Sheila, Brenda, and Elspeth. The latter would become the last Dean of Women at Queen's. Exploring Manitoba (1912–1928)
Increasingly renowned for his vast knowledge of rocks and minerals, <mask> moved to Canada in 1912 to take a position as the very first head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Manitoba, a position he held for nearly sixteen years (from 1912 to 1928).A charismatic and erudite professor, <mask> was held in high esteem by his students and colleagues. His legacy at the University can be still be seen today. In 1986, construction of the <mask> Building was completed on the University of Manitoba's Fort Garry Campus. The building, part of what is now the Department of Geological Sciences, contains the traditional classrooms and offices, as well as a seismographic data centre and a small geological museum. In the midst of his tenure at the University of Manitoba, <mask> also became the Commissioner of Northern Manitoba at the behest of the provincial government. He traveled the north of the province extensively via foot, dogsled, and canoe, camping out with prospectors and explorers while documenting the extensive natural resources of the Canadian north. His reports on the plentiful mineral resources of Northern Manitoba resulted in the beginnings of government resource projects and the extensive infusion of capital into that region.The Manitoban Government later promoted <mask> to the position of Commissioner of Mines in 1927. He would occupy this post for less than a year, however, as his move to the University of Alberta came in 1928. Further West: The Move to Alberta (1928–1936)
The University of Alberta was just beginning to establish itself as an important post-secondary institution when it offered <mask> the presidency in 1928. <mask> was to succeed the university's first ever president, Henry Marshall Tory, who had left the institution to take a position as the President and CEO of the National Research Laboratories (later called the National Research Council of Canada). When <mask> arrived, the University was nearing the end of its first period of significant expansion. <mask>'s presidency was less than one year old when the global economy began to collapse into the Great Depression in the fall of 1929. Almost immediately, funding for University programs was in short supply and <mask> was forced to take action.He was to decide between shutting down existing University departments or cutting staff salaries across the board. Needless to say, <mask> chose the latter action, and no departments at the University were closed despite the desperate economic situation. The financial difficulties did, however, slow the expansion of the University. No new buildings were constructed on the Edmonton Campus until after the Second World War. Despite the massive monetary restrictions placed on him by the Great Depression, <mask> managed not only to maintain the integrity and viability of the institution, but to improve it as well. During his period in office, the School of Nursing became an autonomous department with the ability to grant degrees. (Previous to this development, nursing students studying at Alberta had to travel to Ontario or British Columbia to complete their degrees.)<mask> also helped to establish the Banff School of Fine Arts (now called the Banff Centre) in 1933. <mask>'s contributions were not limited to the educational sphere. During his time in Alberta, <mask> continued with his passion for field geology and resource prospecting. He helped unearth the vast and profitable pitchblende deposits in the far north region of the province. <mask> was also among the first geologists to suggest that there may be economic potential in the development of the tar sands on the outskirts of Fort McMurray. The Queen’s Principalship (1936–1951)
After nearly eight years as the President of the University of Alberta, <mask> was offered the Principalship at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario by chancellor James Richardson. <mask> accepted the offer, and was installed as the University's eleventh Principal on September 1, 1936.He was the first scientist to ever hold the position. (Nine of the previous 10 Principals were ministers, the other was a Classics professor.) He would hold the position until his formal retirement in 1951. Prior to <mask>'s arrival, growth at Queen's University had stagnated significantly (as it had with most other institutions during the depression years). Under <mask>, however, Queen's would undergo an extended period of massive expansion. During his reign, <mask> added a large number of new departments and institutes including a School of Nursing and a School of Fine Arts (just like Alberta), a School of Physical Education and Health, a Board of Graduate Studies, and a Biological Research Station (at Lake Opinicon). Three new buildings were erected during his tenure, and the Students' Union building was torn down and rebuilt—it had been seriously damaged in a fire in 1947.<mask> also worked hard to improve the quality and quantity of academic staff. Faculty and staff salaries were increased four times during his time as Principal. <mask> also defended so-called “left wing” professors during the intense anti-communist atmosphere of the cold war, refusing to fire those staff members despite heated calls for their dismissal. It was during his tenure at Queen's that <mask> became highly regarded nationally (and internationally) as an extremely effective and efficient academic administrator. He was one of just three Canadians chosen to represent the country at the United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) held in London in November 1945. It was at this conference that the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Educational Organization (UNESCO) was created. Additionally, <mask> received honorary degrees from twenty different universities.In 1951, <mask> formally resigned his position as the Principal of Queen's. His time at the institution was marked by tremendous growth, in terms of both facilities and enrollment. Under his leadership, Queen's University had become a premier post-secondary institution, and it is no surprise that his time at Queen's is looked upon fondly by staff, students, and alumni. To many close friends, he was known as “<mask> of Queen’s”. <mask> Hall, a large medieval style meeting hall (that is now part of the John Deutsch University Centre Complex), was named in his honor. The portrait collection of Queen's Principals and Chancellors can also be found in <mask> Hall. The Human Stock: Wallace and Eugenics
Controversially, <mask> was a prominent and outspoken advocate of eugenics and selective breeding programs, particularly during his time in Alberta.In an address to the Canadian Medical Association entitled “The Quality of the Human Stock” in Calgary in June 1934, <mask> asserted the following:

"Science has done very much to raise the quality of the stock in the domesticated animals which man has reared for his service; it has done virtually nothing to raise the quality of the human stock." "The time has come to make eugenics not only a scientific philosophy but in very truth a religion." "These are steps to a still far distant goal—that of a fitter, healthier, intellectually more capable people to do the world’s work, which through its increasing difficulty calls for better quality of brain and brawn that has yet been given to the task." <mask>, along with fellow University of Alberta faculty member John MacEachran, was a frank supporter of Alberta's eugenic legislation, including the 1928 Sexual Sterilization Act, which permitted the forcible sterilization of "undesirables" in the province. Alberta was one of only two provinces (the other was British Columbia) to pass such legislation. The Act was not repealed until 1972. The Arctic Institute of North America (1951–1955)
Following his retirement from Queen's in 1951, <mask> joined the newly formed Arctic Institute of North America (AINA), which at that time was housed at McGill University in Montreal.(In 1976, the institute transferred to the University of Calgary, becoming a full, multi-disciplinary Arctic research institute in 1979.) <mask> signed on as the institute's executive director. Having spent many years exploring the vast Northern regions of Manitoba and Alberta, <mask> was ideally suited to the task. Though many were surprised that he would accept such a position in his twilight years, <mask>'s passion for discovery and his love for the northern landscape meant the position was a perfect fit. <mask>'s tenure at the Institute ended with his sudden death on January 29, 1955. His death was mourned not only at the AINA, but at Queen's and Alberta as well. <mask> Hall, in the John Deutsch University Centre at Queen's, is named in his honour.<mask> Drive, a street in Kingston, Ontario, is named in his honour. External links
 Orcadian Birth Data (from Orkney Genealogy Online)
 The Quality of the Human Stock (from the CMAJ Archives)
 <mask> <mask> (Queen's University Biography Page)
 History Trails - R.C<mask> (Edmonton Journal Obituary)
 University of Alberta - Historical Sketch (U of A 2006 Calendar)
 The History of the AINA (from the Arctic Journal)
 University of Alberta (Official Website)
 Queen's University (Official Website)
 Arctic Institute of North America (AINA) (Official Website)

1881 births
1955 deaths
20th-century Canadian geologists
Canadian eugenicists
Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Presidents of the University of Alberta
Principals of Queen's University at Kingston
Queen's University at Kingston faculty
Scottish emigrants to Canada
People from Orkney

masks:
Robert Charles Wallace
Robert Charles Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Robert Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Robert Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Robert Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Robert Wallace
Robert Charles
Wallace
. Wallace


texts:
Metropolitan <mask> (secular name <mask>, ; 22 October 1974, Moscow) is a Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and primate of the diocese of Vienna and Budapest. During 2014-2018 he served as the US-based titular bishop , vicar of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia. Metropolitan <mask> is also the former administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA. Biography

Early life
In 1991, he graduated from Secondary School №4 in Moscow with depth study of English Language. In 1991-1993, he studied at the Faculty of Law of the Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities with a specialization. During the same period, he served as an altar boy of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills. During 1993-1994, he held obediences at the Pskov-Caves Monastery.From 1994-1997, he studied at the Moscow Theological Seminary. During the seminary training he served guide of the Church archaeological cabinet at the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary. In 1996-1997, he worked as a staff member of the Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church specializing in drafting liturgical guidelines. In 1997, he was appointed the Secretariat for Inter-Christian Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate’s Synodal Department for External Church Affairs. In December 1998, he was a member of the Moscow Patriarchate's delegation at the Eighth Assembly of the World Council of Churches (Harare, Zimbabwe) and was elected to the WCC Central Committee. During 1999-2000, he studied at Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in Crestwood, New York. In 2000-2002, he studied at the Faculty of Philosophy at the Catholic University of America in Washington, DC.From 2003 to 2009, as a member of the Secretariate on Church and Society of the Synodal Department for External Church Relations, he was in charge of inter-religious communication, including interaction with the Interreligious Council of Russia and the SNG Interreligious Council, and international interfaith organizations, was a member of the Commission of the Conference of European Churches "Islam in Europe", participated in the preparation and conduct of the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Meetings of the joint Russian-Iranian commission "Islam-Christianity". Ordination
On August 28, 2007, Metropolitan Kirill of Smolensk and Kaliningrad (the present Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia) ordained him a Deacon; on September 23, Kirill ordained him a priest. On 27 July 2009, the Holy Synod appointed him Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Patriarchate Synodal Department for the Coordination of Church and Society. In 2009, with the blessing of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all the Rus, he was a member of the Council for the Study of Religious Materials to identify extremist materials in the Ministry of Justice. He was the official representative of the Moscow Patriarchate in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia, a member of the Commission on organising state support and the development of original Cossack culture, a member of the Public Council under the Federal Drug Control Service, and a member of the Public Council under Rosreyestr. From 2010 to 2013, he was the executive secretary of the Interreligious Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On April 19, 2011 in the cathedral church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit of the stauropegial Conception Convent in Moscow, he was elevated to the rank of archpriest by the Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia.On 4 October 2012, the Holy Synod appointed him representative of the World Russian People's Council at the UN and assigned him to St Nicholas Cathedral in New York City. On 11 March 2014, with the blessing of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus', the Superior of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, Archbishop Theognost (Guzikov) of Sergiev Posad, tonsured him a monk with the name <mask> in honour of St. <mask> (Maximovitch) of Shanghai and San Francisco. A Holy Synod decision, on 25 July 2014, appointed him as Administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA, and vicar bishop of the Diocese of Moscow with the title of bishop . On July 28, 2014, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, at the Liturgy in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, elevated him to the rank of archimandrite. On August 1, 2014, in Church of George the Great Martyr at Poklonnaya Hill during the Divine Liturgy the Episcopal Consecration of Archimandrite <mask>) as Bishop of Naro-Fominsk was performed by: Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia, Metropolitan Juvenaly (Poyarkov) of Krutisty and Kolomna, Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk, Archbishop Mark (Golovkov) of Yegorievsk, Bishop Sergius (Chashin) of Solnechnogorsk. Primate of the Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe (PEWE)

On 15 October 2018, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church appointed him , in charge of the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in Italy. "On 28 December 2018,the Holy Synod appointed him as the primate of the Western Europe Exarchate, with the title "of Chersonesus and Western Europe", he was also simultaneously appointed as the primate of the diocese of Chersonesus.He temporarily continue[d] to administer the parishes in Italy." "January 3, 2019: Patriarch Kirill elevated him to the dignity of metropolitan at the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral in Moscow, during the Divine Liturgy for the feast of Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow." Nestor (Sirotenko) [ru] was the previously the primate of the diocese of Chersonesus, but he was replaced by <mask> (<mask>) by the Holy Synod on 28 December 2018. Metropolitan of Vienna and Budapest
On 30 May 2019, the Holy Synod of the ROC decided to appoint archbishop Anthony (Sevryuk) of Vienna and Budapest as primate of the PEWE and of the diocese of Chersonesus. At the same time, <mask>), who was until then the primate of the PEWE and of the diocese of Chersonesus, was appointed as primate of the ROC diocese of Vienna and Budapest to replace archbishop Anthony. In the same decision, Bishop  was appointed Bishop of Bogorodsk. References

External links
Metropolitan Ioann to head Russian Orthodox in Europe // asianews.it, January 5, 2019

Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodoxy in the United States
Eastern Orthodoxy in Austria
Eastern Orthodoxy in Hungary
21st-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
1974 births
Living people

masks:
John
Georgy Yevgenyevich Roshchin
John
John
John
Johnoshchin
John
Roshchin
Johnoshchin


texts:
<mask> ARSA (4 January 1801 – 6 October 1870) was a Scottish landscape painter. Several of his landscapes were commissioned and purchased by Queen Victoria and members of the Scottish aristocracy. He was a member of the Royal Scottish Academy. <mask> was born in Glasgow on 4 January 1801, the son of a designer at the local calico. The family moved to Aberdeen around 1805 where his father worked in a printing factory at Woodside, Aberdeen, an artist of some repute. His father's early death threw his son at an early age upon his own resources. His mother was named Jean Hector.At 13 he maintained himself, his mother and sister by painting, and before he was 20 was teaching private classes in Aberdeen. At 21 he married a widow Clementina Farquharson. Shortly afterwards he made a tour through Scotland and visited the continent, and on his return home he settled in Glasgow at 64 Bon accord Street, where a plaque commemorates him. He then became a member of the Royal Scottish Academy and elected to the council of the Spalding Club. Success in his profession soon gave him prestige and modest wealth. He lived next door to his sister Jane and her husband <mask>. <mask> was both versatile and shrewd: he excelled not only as a landscape-artist and portrait-painter but also as a town-planner and landscape-designer, designing such notable Aberdeen features as the Demeter Sculpture above Simpson House and the obelisk, now in the Duthie Park, which formerly stood in the quadrangle of Marischal College.But above all <mask> was a landscape painter. His close friendship with George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (and British Prime Minister in the mid-1850s) was of major importance. Not only did he design the gardens and parkland of the Earl’s estate at Haddo House in Aberdeenshire, but after Queen Victoria had viewed a painting by <mask> of the old Balmoral Castle, the lease of which had been held by the Earl’s younger brother Robert until his death, she decided to lease it without having actually seen what would become her Scottish residence from 1848 on, and in 1852 she purchased Balmoral with its lands. The old castle was completely rebuilt, and it is surprising how closely the new Balmoral resembles <mask>’ painting of its predecessor. In later years <mask> was to carry out several commissions for the royal family and these remain in the possession of H.M. the present queen. Some of his finest work is represented by his posthumously-published Drawings of Aberdeenshire Castles, commissioned by Lord Aberdeen. This comprises a series of some ninety watercolour sketches, completed between 1838 and 1855.They are brilliantly-executed, and offer a fine impression of these old Scottish buildings. Most of the original pictures are preserved in the James Giles Room at Haddo House, and copies of the entire set were published in 1936 by the Third Spalding Club. His earliest successes were in portrait-painting, however his visit to Italy gave him a taste for classic landscape, which he never entirely lost, for the mist seldom hangs about his mountains, even when the scene is laid near "dark Lochnagar". He was a keen angler, and fond of painting the result of a successful day's fishing. These pictures were his best works. He first exhibited at the "Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland", and in 1829 became an academician of the Royal Scottish Academy, and contributed numerous works to its exhibitions from that time until near the close of his career. He also exhibited frequently at the British Institution in London, and occasionally at the Royal Academy and the Society of British Artists.His last work was a painting of himself, his wife, and youngest son, which he left unfinished. In 1852 he is listed as a member of the council to The Spalding Club. Family
By his first wife, <mask> had six children: a daughter, Emily, and five sons. All the sons predeceased him, which may account for a certain melancholy displayed by <mask> in later life. His wife, Clementina, died in 1866, and <mask> subsequently married Margaret Walker, by whom he had a son and a daughter. So the <mask> line did not die out. <mask> himself died 6th October 1870 and is buried at Aberdeen in the graveyard of St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen where a granite tombstone of his own design stands prominently among the others to the east of the church.Next to him lies his brother-in-law, Peter Robertson. By his first wife, Clementina Farquharson or Ruxton (a widow), he had two sons, <mask> and John, one of whom gave great promise as an artist, but died of consumption at the early age of 21. His first wife died in 1866. His second wife was Margaret Walker (1846-1883) forty-five years his junior. Overview

During his lifetime, <mask> was among the first to be mentioned as one of the most vital of the Aberdeen artists - his patrons included the landed aristocracy of Aberdeenshire and Queen Victoria - but he has been little remembered in subsequent surveys in Scottish art. This is due in part to the fact that he spent most of his working life in Aberdeen – unlike his contemporaries who left the north-east to find fame in London. Work

<mask> was a versatile artist.He specialised in portrait and landscape painting, but in addition was a successful landscape architect, designing a number of public gardens and monuments in Aberdeen, in addition to landscaping estates in Aberdeenshire. <mask>’ spiritual home was Italy, where he spent three years from 1823 to 1826. There he followed the well-trodden pathways of the 18th century Grand Tour to the many points of historic interest. The bright Italian light fascinated <mask>, and all his sketches are enlivened with an impression of this Mediterranean atmosphere. The sights that he saw and recorded in Italy were to remain with him for the rest of his life. His watercolour sketches often provided materials for the oils he painted and exhibited on his return to Scotland. Some thirty of his works are held at Haddo House and shown on Art UK.Also at Haddo House, a series of water colour paintings by <mask> depicting eighty five Scottish castles.Museums and galleries

 National Portrait Gallery (6 portraits)
 National Gallery of Scotland  (The Weird Wife)

References

Further reading

Ferguson, O. (2001). Aspects of Landscape - A Bicentenary Celebration of <mask> RSA, Aberdeen Art Gallery. External links

Paintings by <mask> (Royal Collection)
Study of a 'Panther' (James Harvey British Art)
Windsor Forest (Bourne Fine Art Gallery)
Aqua Claudia near Tivoli (Oil on Panel - Christie's)

1801 births
1870 deaths
19th-century Scottish painters
Artists from Aberdeen
Scottish male painters
Scottish watercolourists
Scottish landscape painters
Scottish portrait painters
Royal Scottish Academicians
Landscape or garden designers

masks:
James William Giles
Life Giles
James Robertson
Giles
James Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
James
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
Giles
James Giles
Giles


texts:
<mask> (25 June 1935 – 18 May 2017) was a South American-born Dutch conceptual artist. His works explored dematerialization. As an anonymous artist, he exemplified 1960s conceptualism. His best-known works include “This Way Brouwn”, “Afghanistan-Zambia” and “BROUWNTOYS 4000AD”. Life

Early life
Brouwn was born in 1935 at Paramaribo, the capital of the smallest South American country, Suriname. In 1957, he relocated to Amsterdam. While there, Armando, an artist and friend of Brouwn, introduced him to the Zero movement.They were a group of artists who deferred from the style other artists often applied to their works. Brouwn's first works coincided with his introduction to this movement. Brouwn taught as a professor at the University of Fine Arts of Hamburg for multiple years. The extensive privacy Brouwn maintained throughout his career and personal life has resulted in a lack of information surrounding his marital status, and if he has fathered any children. Death
Brouwn died on 18 May 2017 in his hometown of Amsterdam. Career

Early works
In 1957 Brouwn relocated to Amsterdam at the age of 22. His career as an artist flourished after he was introduced to the Zero movement by Armando.The Zero movement, a group of artists who rejected the role of authorship upon their works, is largely responsible for the anonymity Brouwn demonstrated throughout his career. In the early 1960s, Brouwn produced his first works. These consisted of iron and wooden sculpture. He also used suspended polythene bags filled with garbage. Few of these early works have survived, as Brouwn destroyed most of them. Eventually, Brouwn began to consider the role of the audience in the development of artwork. One of his early works involved the dispersion of paper sheets across Amsterdam streets.The art that appeared upon the sheets resulted from the footprints of pedestrians and tire prints from cyclists. Brouwn's early works were later destroyed. The remainder of Brouwn's works earned him placement in various prestigious exhibitions such as Documentas 5, 6, 7 and 11, and the 1982 Venice Biennale. In 2005, a retrospective collection of Brouwn's works was exhibited in the Van Abbe Museum in Eindhoven, Netherlands. His practice and works have influenced various critics, artists and contemporary aesthetics. Works of the 1960s
Brouwn produced his most well-known work in 1961, This Way Brouwn. It was both a conceptual and performance art piece that consisted of Brouwn asking passers-by for directions, recording their responses on tape or encouraging them to draw their directions.Such drawings were stamped with text that read ‘This Way Brouwn’. "This Way Brouwn" was performed on several other occasions in the early 1960s. In the 1960s, conceptual art, as well as the Zero movement within the Netherlands was widespread. Brouwn, as a conceptual artist of the movement, had chosen distance and size as his artistic medium:"More and more people make long flights once or twice a year. The validity of the concept of distance is constantly being eroded. Distances are reloaded in my work, they get meaning again. "Similarly, in a rare interview in 1964, Brouwn stated:"It is the search for the awareness we have of wide space and the discovery of the city before we discover space.With these events, I am trying to make something of what is going on to have an effect on the spectators in terms of an action".In 1964, at the Patio Gallery in Neu-Isenberg, an 'art-happening' occurred. Brouwn was seated upon a chair, placed atop a pedestal in the corner of the gallery with a polythene bag over his head. That same year, at the opening of the René Block Gallery, Brouwn asked guests directions through the streets of Berlin through a walkie-talkie. Works of the 1970s
During the 1970s, Brouwn produced works exploring units of measurement. Brouwn developed units of measurement based on the length of his various body parts. He developed the ‘<mask> Brouwn foot’, which was the length of his foot. It measured approximately 26 cm.One of his works, Afghanistan-Zambia, is a typewritten register of the number of steps Brouwn completed in various cities across the world, and a physical example of his concerns surrounding measurement and distance. In 1972, Brouwn exhibited grey filing cabinets at the Documenta 5 in Kassel. Each cabinet consisted of varied numbers of white cards. One of these cabinets held 1000 cards, an outline of a 3000-step walk and the length of the strides between 840 and 890 millimetres. Brouwn also explored the concept of deformation. In 1974, he drew lines constructing borders upon three sheets of paper. Each of these lines denoted the length of a step.If these sheets were hung together, a movement in a single direction could be observed. Later works and exhibitions
Brouwn's works gained fame and earned him positions in a variety of prestigious exhibitions. During his lifetime, his works were included in Documentas 5, 6, and 11, the 1982 Venice Biennale and a 2005 retrospective exhibition at the Van Abbe Museum. Another dominant trait of Brouwn's conceptualism was his absence. Brouwn refrained from attending exhibitions of his works and no bibliographical information was supplied to his audiences when viewing such exhibitions. In exhibition catalogues, the following phrase was often seen:“At the request of the artist, no bibliographical information is provided here”. Critical response
When discussing Brouwn's conceptualism in the 1960s, Art historian, critic, educator and author Antje von Graevenitz explained that “from 1960 up to the present, his work would indeed appear to be exemplary of the intentions and realisations of that period”.Dutch writer Oscar van den Boogard analysed the role of the audience as active participants of Brouwn's works, especially with BROUWNTOYS 4000AD., stating that Brouwn “wants the viewer to become his work" and "[t]hat is only possible by letting the viewers complete his work in their imagination, over and over again. They are forced to become space and distance, forced to experience space as if it were 4000 AD”. Belgian curator and writer Laura Herman critiqued Brouwn's manipulation of existing and creation of new units of measurement, explaining that “a sly sense of humour permeates the artist’s appropriation of bureaucratic language, which he manipulated toward his own ends." Legacy

Artistic and cultural influence
The works and practice of Brouwn are said to have shaped future conceptualist thinking and aesthetics. Laura Herman stated that Brouwn continues to inform contemporary observations and reflections of scaled perspectives. The signature absence of Brouwn and its impact upon Conceptualist style is evaluated by Modern Edition founder Mike Brennan, who stated that Brouwn is “an almost legendary figure whose practice is marked by insistence on various absences… and is famously reclusive". References

1935 births
2017 deaths
Dutch conceptual artists

masks:
Stanley Edmund Brouwn
Stanley


texts:
<mask> (born November 5, 1959 in Florissant, Missouri) is a retired American soccer midfielder, former coach and technical director, and the current Vice President of Competition and Operations for the United Soccer League. <mask> began his playing career with the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the original North American Soccer League and ended it with the St. Louis Ambush of the indoor National Professional Soccer League. He also earned twenty-three caps, scoring two goals, with the U.S. national team between 1979 and 1985. He played for various indoor and outdoor teams until 1998, when he retired from the pitch and became an assistant coach with the Tampa Bay Mutiny. After coaching for several other clubs and youth soccer organizations, <mask> was hired as the technical director and youth director for the new Tampa Bay Rowdies in 2008. He was later promoted to be the club's executive vice president and director of player development. In January 2014 he was again promoted to the position of general manager.Following the hiring of former teammate Farrukh Quraishi as president and general manager, <mask> <mask> returned to his role as the team's technical director. NASL
In 1978, the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League (NASL) drafted <mask> <mask> out of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Florissant, Missouri. At the time he was the youngest native born American playing professional soccer. He was also the first American ever drafted out of high school. Despite his youth and relative inexperience when he joined the Rowdies, he gradually worked himself into becoming a significant contributor to the team. At the time, the Rowdies were a top-tier team in the NASL. In both 1978 and 1979, they made it to the Soccer Bowl championship game.In 1983, <mask> <mask> played with Team America during its dismal single season. USSF wanted to combine all the dominant U.S. players in NASL onto one team to give them an opportunity to develop, as well as to create publicity for the national team. While the concept attracted the support of <mask> <mask> and some other U.S. players, it was viewed with suspicion by many others, such as Rick Davis. Team America went 10-20 and folded after the 1983 season. <mask> <mask> then returned to the Rowdies for a single season. During his time with the Rowdies, the NASL had played both an indoor as well as its more well known outdoor seasons. He was member of the Rowdies' 1979–80 NASL indoor championship team as well as their 1981–82 indoor runner-up squad.However, the NASL was at heart an outdoor league and when the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) began operation, it quickly took over the indoor soccer market. By the time <mask> <mask> had returned to the Rowdies in 1984, the NASL was on its last legs and in 1985, <mask> <mask> left the team to follow former Rowdies coach Gordon Jago to the Dallas Sidekicks of the MISL. MISL
<mask> <mask> remained with the Sidekicks for three seasons, capping his time with the team by winning the MISL championship in 1987. On July 4, 1987, the Sidekicks announced they would not renew <mask> <mask>'s contract and he became a free agent. On August 11, 1987, he signed with the St. Louis Steamers. He then moved, sometime later, to the Wichita Wings. National Team
In 1979, <mask> <mask> played his first game with the U.S. national team.He would go on to earn 23 caps, scoring two goals with the team. He was an integral part in the U.S. failed attempts to qualify for the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cups. In 1979, he was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1979 Pan American Games. In 1980, he would have been the captain of the U.S. soccer team at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Despite qualifying for the tournament, the U.S. did not send a team to Moscow when President Jimmy Carter organized a boycott of the games in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1985, <mask> <mask> was selected the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year. <mask> <mask> served on the US Soccer Board of Directors from 1986 to 1993.In 2011, <mask> <mask> was inducted into the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame. <mask> <mask> has owned and operated the original Camp Kikinthagrass since 2003. NPSL
He served as the player/coach with the Tampa Bay Terror of the National Professional Soccer League during the 1996–97 season. Coaching and front office
At the end of the 1997 season, he retired from playing and joined the Tampa Bay Mutiny of Major League Soccer (MLS) as an assistant coach for the 1998 season. In 2001, he became the head coach of the Mutiny for its last 11 games of the team's existence when then head coach, Alfonso Mondelo was fired. While assistant coach of the Mutiny, he also coached the Northdale Rangers of the Florida Youth Soccer Association to three State Cups and the 1998 Region III Cup. After MLS shut down the Mutiny at the end of the 2001 season, <mask> <mask> replaced Peter Vermes as the Super Y-League Olympic Development Program National Camp Technical Director.He also spent one season as a staff coach with the Adidas Elite Soccer Program, which identifies the nation's best high school players and coaches them in weeklong training programs. Tampa Bay Rowdies
In June 2008, <mask> <mask> was hired as the technical director of the expansion FC Tampa Bay of the USL First Division . By the time the team took the pitch in 2010, the team switched to the USSF Division 2 Professional League and <mask> <mask> had been promoted to executive vice president and director of player development. Head coach Paul Dalglish left the team with 2 games remaining in the regular season, and <mask> <mask> served as the interim coach until January 2011, when Ricky Hill was hired as the club's new head coach and <mask> <mask> returned to his executive position. In January 2014 he was promoted from the position of technical director to the club's general manager. With the November 18, 2014 hiring of Quraishi as team president and general manager, <mask> <mask> re-assumed the role of technical director. In May 2016 <mask> <mask> resigned as the Tampa Bay Rowdies’ assistant general manager and vice president of community relations.USL vice president
On June 23, 2016, the United Soccer League announced that <mask> <mask> would be the new Vice President of Competition and Operations, replacing David Wagner. In his new role he is responsible for the day-to-day league operations, competition, schedule, discipline and refereeing. References

External links

NASL/MISL stats

1959 births
Living people
American soccer players
American Professional Soccer League players
American soccer coaches
American people of Dutch descent
Dallas Sidekicks (original MISL) players
Association football midfielders
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Major League Soccer coaches
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Soccer players from St. Louis
St. Louis Steamers (original MISL) players
Tampa Bay Rowdies draft picks
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
Tampa Bay Mutiny coaches
Tampa Bay Rowdies coaches
Tampa Bay Rowdies executives
Tampa Bay Terror players
Team America (NASL) players
United States men's international soccer players
Wichita Wings (MISL) players
North American Soccer League coaches
Pan American Games competitors for the United States
Footballers at the 1979 Pan American Games
Player-coaches

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