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<mask> (1888–1941) was a Mexican leading education advocate and reformer of education in Mexico during the first half of the 20th century. Many of the philosophies and programs that Sáenz introduced during his tenure as Sub-Secretary for the Secretariat of Public Education in the 1920s came from the influences of his mentor, John Dewey. Early life
<mask> was born in 1888 in the northern Mexican town of Monterrey. His family was one of the relatively few Protestant families in Mexico at the time, something which had a strong influence on the path Sáenz's life would take. <mask> had a brother, Aaron, who also rose to prominence in post-Revolutionary Mexico, first as a politician (he served as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Secretary of Public Education and Governor of Nuevo León) and later as a sugar baron known to some as the “king of Mexican sugar.”

Early education

As a member of a Protestant family, Sáenz was strongly influenced by the strong education tradition set by Protestant missionaries, starting in the late 1820s. Because each Protestant was expected to be able to read the Bible on his or her own, literacy was an essential skill. A major feature of this effort was the founding of schools, in both urban and rural areas, which allowed local children to gain access to a quality education that often would otherwise have been inaccessible.The majority of <mask>'s childhood education took place at the hands of Protestant missionaries. His elementary school years were spent in his hometown of Monterrey from 1896-1902. He them moved to the Coyoacán Preparatory School for Boys in Mexico City in 1903, where he remained until 1908. Higher education

After graduating from Coyoacán at age 20, Sáenz obtained a teaching credential before moving to the United States to further his education in 1909. Once in the United States, <mask> remained within the Protestant educational sphere. He attended Protestant-affiliated Washington and Jefferson College in Washington, Pennsylvania. After graduating from Washington and Jefferson, <mask> began his post-graduate studies across the Atlantic at the University of Paris before returning to the United States to pursue his doctorate at Columbia University.Influence of John Dewey

At Columbia, he met John Dewey, who became a mentor to Sáenz and helped to shape many of the theories and policies Sáenz would pursue throughout his professional career. John Dewey was a prominent American philosopher, psychologist, and educator in the early to mid-20th century. Although he is now known better for his work in philosophy, he was no less influential in the area of education, and, in fact, his work in the two areas often overlapped. He was a leader of the “progressive” education movement. His philosophical ideas emphasized the importance of the community, something which carried over to his thoughts on education. He believed effective schools should also be agents of socialization for the students, preparing them for and integrating them into society. He also advocated for more creative and flexible types of educational instruction rather than more traditional, rigid forms, placing a premium upon activity within the learning environment.Dewey's theories came to be classified under the label of “pragmatism;” they were, theoretically, pragmatically preparing students to be independent, productive members of society. Dewey's ideas gained him a devoted following that stretched beyond the borders of the United States; among their ranks was <mask> Sáenz. Education policy
After obtaining his doctorate from Columbia, <mask> left Dewey and the United States to return to Mexico. There, he quickly rose up the hierarchy of the governmental education system, attaining the position of Sub-Secretary for Department of Public Education by 1925 under the post-Revolutionary presidency of Plutarco Elías Calles (his term would also carry over to Emilio Portes Gil’s presidency). Once installed in this influential position, <mask> began to implement a series of reforms, many of which bore unmistakable signs of Dewey's influence. Perhaps most concretely, he served as the driving force for the creation of a network of schools known as secundarias, or secondary schools. This was a vast expansion of what might be characterized as basic education in Mexico; it allowed many more Mexicans to have the ability to attend school past the fourth grade than had ever been possible before.Sáenz also helped to create a systemic emphasis upon rural education in Mexico. For most of its history to this point, especially under Porfirio Diaz and his positivist-oriented government, Mexican education had been strongly centered around urban areas; the cities had the best schools and teachers and the most resources in far higher concentrations than did their rural counterparts. In fact, rural schools were largely ignored. Much of rural Mexico was, at best, an uncomfortable fit with the modernized society the positivist government wished to create, and therefore the Diaz government tended to marginalize it in very significant ways. One of these, perhaps the most damaging, was educational negligence, simply ignoring the needs of rural schools or even failing to create or maintain schools in rural areas at all. This changed once men like <mask> Sáenz began to shape education policy following the Mexican Revolution. The secundaria system's inclusion of and even emphasis on rural areas was the most obvious result of this emphasis, but it was far from the only one.After the implementation of Sáenz's policies, rural education in Mexico improved significantly; the number of rural Mexicans who received at least a basic education rose dramatically, as evidenced by skyrocketing literacy rates, among other improvements. This was at the time and remains today perhaps Sáenz's most significant and lasting contribution to the shaping of post-Revolutionary Mexico; the increased basic level of education it granted to the average Mexican helped to allow the country to modernize and adapt to the changing world around it. The access and quality of education allowed by the system Sáenz helped create, in fact, may be the single biggest difference between pre- and post-Revolutionary Mexico. Indigenous policy
A great deal of Sáenz's education policy ideology, and his political beliefs in general, was concerned with the relationship of society to its indigenous peoples. Specifically, he subscribed to a version of the old Liberal idea of assimilation, but with a twist. Rather than forcing Indians to abandon their old culture to adapt to modern society, he wanted to see modern society make some concessions to fit the indigenous peoples. He saw education as the most promising avenue to implement this assimilation (ironically enough, this combined a program Porfirio Diaz supported, assimilation, with one he essentially ignored, rural education).This belief is rooted in Sáenz's idea, drawn from the influence of John Dewey, of the school as an agent of socialization. With this as one of the bases of his policies, this is a logical conclusion; if, after all, the school really is the main factor in preparing for a successful integration into society, it is therefore the place where assimilation into society must occur if at all possible. Therefore, Sáenz's expansion of and emphasis on rural schooling, particularly in areas with high numbers of indigenous residents, served a dual purpose; as promised after the Revolution, it served to expand access to and quality of education outside of the main urban areas, but it also allowed this program of assimilation to actually reach the people it was targeted towards. In this way, Sáenz's views on education and the relationship between modern society and its indigenous population are inseparably linked; neither would have existed in precisely the same way without the other. However, as mentioned earlier, Sáenz's assimilation was not meant to be a one-way street, at least in theory (Palacios, 1988). Schools were intended to turn indigenous boys and girls into ordinary members of Mexican society, yes, but Mexican society was supposed to adapt and incorporate some elements of indigenous culture, as well. Unfortunately for Sáenz, this was far less successful than his expansion of rural education; it proved to be far more difficult to implement a successful system of two-way cultural assimilation than it was to reform, expand, and improve the school system, and only limited progress was made toward <mask>'s goals in this area in the immediate aftermath of the implementation of his policies.Ambassadorship to Peru and death
After completing his run as Sub-Secretary for Public Education in 1930, <mask> was rewarded with an appointment as Mexico's ambassador to Peru. In October 1941, <mask> <mask> died of pneumonia while still stationed in Lima. Legacy
He left behind a strong legacy in the fields of diplomacy, indigenous relations, and education. In his period of service to the Mexican government, inspired by his Protestant background and education, he significantly expanded the scale and quantity of the Mexican education system, transforming it from what was almost a sham of a system under the regime of Porfirio Diaz before the Mexican Revolution into one that produced one of the highest literacy rates in the world in a very short period of time. He also led the way in formulating Mexico's indigenous strategy, drawing on the philosophy and teachings of John Dewey to combine an assimilation program with the rapidly expanding education system, thus ensuring it reached its targets, while also advocating a more open and flexible form of acculturation, one that tried to learn from indigenous culture. In what would prove to be the final years of his life, <mask> served Mexico as an able diplomat. It is important to note that Sáenz sought for Mexicans an understanding of the Mexican Revolution that de-emphasized factional struggles and the "cult of martyrs" for one emphasizing unity of revolutionaries and the Revolution as a great event.In 1929, he articulated the important idea of that for Mexicans there was a difference "between the Revolution with a capital [letter] and revolutions with a small letter." Although his name is less famous than contemporaries such as Jose Vasconcelos, <mask> Sáenz was arguably just as influential in formulating post-Revolutionary Mexico. References

Mexican educational theorists
Mexican people of Spanish-Jewish descent
1888 births
1941 deaths
Ambassadors of Mexico to Peru
Progressive education

masks:
Moisés Sáenz
Moisés Sáenz
Moisés
Sáenz
Sáenz
Sáenz
Moisés
Sáenz
Sáenz
Moisés
Sáenz
Sáenz
Moisés
Sáenz
Sáenz
Moisés


type: original

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<mask>  (born 6 May 1934) is an Australian poet and emeritus professor in the Australian Centre, University of Melbourne. Life and career
Wallace-Crabbe was born in the Melbourne suburb of Richmond. His father was Kenneth Eyre Inverell Wallace-Crabbe, painter, printmaker, journalist and publisher, pilot in the RAF and ending World War II as Group Captain, and his mother Phyllis Vera May Cox Passmore was a pianist, and his brother Robin Wallace-Crabbe became an artist. He was educated at Scotch College, Yale University and the University of Melbourne, where for much of his life he has worked and is now a professor emeritus in the Australian Centre. He was Visiting Professor of Australian Studies at Harvard University and at the University of Venice, Ca'Foscari. He is also an essayist, a critic of the visual arts and a notable public reader of his verse. He was the founding director of the Australian Centre and, more recently, chair of the peak artistic body, Australian Poetry Limited.After leaving school, Wallace-Crabbe set out to be a metallurgist, but was drawn back to his childhood interest in books and art. After training in the Royal Australian Air Force, he worked as an electrical trade journalist while studying for his B.A. in the evenings. He published his first book of poetry while doing his final honours year. In 1961 he became Lockie Fellow in Australian Literature and Creative Writing at the University of Melbourne. Over the next decades he became a reader in English and then held a personal chair from 1988. On the initiative of H. C. Coombs, he was a Harkness Fellow at Yale University from 1965 to 1967, mixing widely with American writers and developing his poetry in new directions.In later years he has spent time in Italy, reading and translating Italian verse, including two contrast cantos from Dante. He was also a member of the Psychosocial Group, an occasional body with psychoanalytic as well as cultural interests. Wallace-Crabbe's early collections were published in Australia, but in 1985 he began to publish with Oxford University Press, reaching an international public. Although he published some of his criticism and his one novel elsewhere, he remained with Oxford until 1998, after which date the Press ceased publishing live poets. He then took his work to Carcanet Oxford Poets, in Manchester. Back in Australia he brought out two books with the Sydney firm of Brandl & Schlesinger. One of these was a highly experimental long poem, or "zany epic", on which he had been working for a dozen years.It would be fair to say that this dense and difficult poem divided the poet's readers. Reviewers over the years have drawn attention time and again to the energetic mixture of demotic and elevated language which very often marks Wallace-Crabbe's poetry. For the poet, this not only testifies to his wide interest in language but also to his sense of the stubborn plurality of our experience. Such mixed diction certainly persists in his very latest books, particularly in his sonnets and in the "Domestic Sublime" sequence of lyrics. This corresponds to his sense that poetry is, residually, a sacred art with its attention divided between ontology and finely-detailed epistemology. It should be added that for Wallace-Crabbe our lives unreasonably mingle the comic with the tragic. Since his retirement from university teaching he has continued to live in inner Melbourne, adhering to poetry, reading history and playing tennis.In May 2014, Wallace-Crabbe alluded to the possibility of a collaboration with a Melbourne writer, <mask>, however, he is currently working on the history of Western magic, and on a series of prints, with Kristin Headlam, based upon his long poem mentioned above. Awards
 1958 – John Masefield Prize for Poetry
 1986 – Grace Leven Prize for Poetry
 1987 – The Dublin Prize for Arts and Science, awarded through the University of Melbourne
 1992 – Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Poettry Award with Kerry Flattley for From the Republic of Conscience
 1995 –  winner of "The Age" Book of the Year, and the D.J. O'Hearn Prize for Poetry
  2002 – winner of the Philip Hodgins Memorial Medal at the Mildura Writer's Festival
 2002 – Centenary Medal
 2006 – Doctor of Letters honoris causa (Melb.) 2011 – appointed a Member of the Order of Australia (AM)
 2015 – Melbourne Prize for Literature
2019 – NSW Premier's Literary Awards, Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry, shortlisted for Rondo. Bibliography

Poetry
Collections
 1959: The Music of Division, Sydney: Angus & Robertson
 1962: Eight Metropolitan Poems, Adelaide: Australian Letters; with John Brack
 1963: In Light and Darkness, Sydney: Angus & Robertson
 1963: Eight By Eight, Brisbane: Jacaranda Press, 1963: anthology of eight poems each by Vincent Buckley, Laurence Collinson, Alexander Craig, Max Dunn, Noel Macainsh, David Martin, R.A. Simpson, and <mask>-Crabbe. 1981: The Australian Nationalists: Modern Critical Essays, Melbourne: Oxford University Press, (with Peter Pierce),
 1984: Clubbing of the Gunfire: 101 Australian War Poems, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 1984 (with D. Goodman and D.J. Hearn)
 1911: Multicultural Australia: the Challenges of Change, Newham (with Kerry Flattley),
 1992: From the Republic of Conscience, Melbourne: Aird Books in association with Amnesty International; and New York: White Pine Press, 1992 (with Kerry Flattley and Sigurdur A. Magnusson),
 1994: Ur Riki Samviskunnar, Reykjavik: Amnesty International
 1998: Author, Author!Tales of Australian Literary Life, Melbourne: O.U.P., 1998 (with Harold Bolitho)
 1998: Associate Editor (with Bruce Bennett and Jennifer Strauss): The Oxford Literary History of Australia, Melbourne: Oxford University Press
 1998: Approaching Australia: Papers from the Harvard Australian Studies Symposium, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Committee on Australian Studies
 2002: La Poésie Australienne, Valenciennes: Presses Universitaires, (with Simone Kadi)
 2004:  "Imagining Australia:  Literature and Culture in the New New World",  Cambridge Mass:  Harvard University Committee on Australian Studies.

masks:
Christopher Keith Wallace Crabbe
Christopher Bantick
Chris Wallace


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, better known as , is a Japanese mixed martial artist, kickboxer and professional wrestler. He is known for his work in Fighting Network RINGS and later in pro wrestling companies like Battlarts and New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). He currently wrestles for Dradition Pro Wrestling (Dradition) and Pro Wrestling Noah (Noah). Career
Hirokazu trained in Satoru Sayama's Super Tiger Gym during secondary school and tried to join All Japan Pro Wrestling immediately afterwards, but its chairman Giant Baba asked him to finish high school first. While studying, <mask> started competing in amateur shootboxing and amassed a 5–2 record, which made him change his ambition, so after graduating he went to join UWF Newborn instead of AJPW. He became a trainee under Akira Maeda and learned the shoot-style, but he got injured and UWF closed his doors before he could debut. <mask> eventually followed Maeda to his new promotion, Fighting Network RINGS.Fighting Network RINGS (1991–1997)
<mask> debuted in RINGS on August 1, 1991 in a match against Herman Renting. He revealed himself as a promising rookie, showing will and toughness, but aside of a high-profile match against Gerard Gordeau on December 7, in which he was defeated in 0:34, Nagai was relegated to low profile matches. He qualified for the Mega Battle Tournament 1991, but was eliminated on the first round by Masaaki Satake. <mask> competed both in professional wrestling and mixed martial arts, though only sporadically in the latter. He was defeated by Dick Vrij on May 16, 1992 by TKO, and would also lose to Willie Peeters on July 16, 1992, both in special shoot matches. In 1994, <mask> looked to ascend the scale by taking part on the Mega Battle Tournament 1994, eliminating Ameran Bitsadze on the first round, but then losing to Chris Dolman in the second. Next year, he faced Dick Vrij in a shoot rematch held in RINGS Holland on February 19, 1995, but he fell knocked by a knee strike while Vrij was illegally holding the ropes in the corner, an action which went unnoticed or the referee.However, <mask> would get booked for a trend of victories back in Japan, beating the likes of Andrei Kopylov, Yoshihisa Yamamoto and Carl Greco. He finally would get his retribution over Vrij submitting him via heel hook on a third shootfight on August 24, 1996. <mask> then got the greatest victory until the moment, submitting Tsuyoshi Kohsaka in a match, but his momentum got cut short by Kiyoshi Tamura at the Mega Battle Tournament 1996. In 1997, <mask> got a license by the All Japan Kickboxing Federation and competed at the Kick Over IX event as a RINGS representative. It would be his last year in the promotion, as he left RINGS after a match with Akira Maeda in which Maeda shot on him after the bell. Battlarts (1999–2000)
After leaving RINGS <mask> briefly pursued a career in kickboxing, and fought in K-1 between 1997 and 1999. His kickboxing career was unsuccessful, and he retired with a record of 6 losses and 1 draw in August 1999.With his kickboxing career over, <mask> turned his hand to pro-wrestling, and joined Yuki Ishikawa's shoot style promotion Battlarts. His run was somewhat successful, with <mask> earning victories over established wrestlers like Takeshi Ono, Yuki Ishikawa and Katsumi Usuda. In the 2000 Young Generation Battle, <mask> went undefeated for the entirety of the tournament, beating Usuda, Mohammed Yone, Mach Junji, Rastaman and Minoru Tanaka to reach the final, where he lost to Alexander Otsuka. After Battlarts went on hiatus beginning in November 2000, <mask> and the rest of the roster were forced to leave the promotion. All Japan Pro Wrestling (2001–2005)

Almost immediately after Battlarts began its hiatus, <mask> was announced for the 2000 Real World Tag League in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW), the promotion he had originally hoped to join in high school. <mask> was paired up with fellow UWF alumnus Masahito Kakihara, calling themselves "Team Strongs". Despite the name, Team Strongs performed poorly in the tag league, earning just two points with a win over Barry Windham and Kendall Windham.In only his second match, Nagai lost to AJPW's top star Toshiaki Kawada, and, even though he lost, he earned Kawada's respect and was selected to be his new tag partner. As a newcomer, Nagai was required to prove himself before he entered the 2001 Champion Carnival, and thus was put into the Champion Carnival Qualifying League. <mask> excelled in the qualification league which granted him entry to the Champion Carnival where he struggled, again earning just one win and two points. Despite mixed success and his newcomer status, <mask> was pushed as an All Japan loyalist and represented the company in interpromotional matches during AJPW's working relationship with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). On June 6, 2001, <mask> was involved in an incident during a match against NJPW wrestler Takashi Iizuka at an NJPW show, where Nagai delivered a kick to Iizuka's face which resulted in Iizuka being severely concussed and needing over a year off to recover. Two days later when the NJPW roster came to the AJPW show in Nippon Budokan, <mask> and Kakihara beat NJPW's Yuji Nagata and Shinya Makabe to win the vacant All Asia Tag Team Championship, however, their reign was cut short after Kakihara suffered a knee injury and eventually left All Japan for NJPW after he had recovered, effectively breaking up Team Strongs. Nevertheless, <mask>'s position as a loyalist in the post-exodus era All Japan continued to rise, and he teamed with Toshiaki Kawada in a loss to TenCozy (Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Satoshi Kojima) on September 16 on an NJPW card.<mask> teamed up with Kawada again for the 2001 Real World Tag League, seeing much greater success than the previous year, earning 10 points and making it to the final where they lost to Keiji Mutoh and Taiyo Kea. In early 2002, he entered the Giant Baba Memorial Cup, a tournament focused on young wrestlers where he dominated, earning 24 points and beating Nobutaka Araya in the final to win the tournament. Not long after winning, he entered the 2002 Champion Carnival and performed respectably, earning 6 points but failing to reach the final. In what would be his final tour with All Japan, <mask> partnered with Yoji Anjo for the 2002 Real World Tag League, earning 4 points and failing to reach the final. After 2 years with the promotion, <mask> left All Japan in December 2002. New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2003–2005)

Makai Club (2003–2004)
Immediately after leaving AJPW, <mask> was signed by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), whom he had previously worked for during the inter-promotional relationship between both promotions. Due to his background in kickboxing and Rings, <mask> was placed into the Makai Club, a group of wrestlers with legitimate backgrounds in martial arts.Nagai debuted under a mask as Makai #5 at Wrestling World 2003, teaming with the returning Katsuyori Shibata, who was now masked and competing as Makai #4. In their debut as a team, the two defeated <mask>'s former partner Masahito Kakihara and Takashi Iizuka. After defeating Kakihara in singles action at Ryogoku Kokugikan in February, Makai #5 voluntarily unmasked himself as <mask>, though he continued to compete as both himself and Makai #5 after this. In July, Makai #5 and #4, who had dubbed themselves , challenged for the IWGP Tag Team Championship, losing to reigning champions Hiroshi Tanahashi and Yutaka Yoshie in Osaka. Nagai competed at Wrestling World 2004, teaming with Makai #1, Ryushi Yanagisawa and Ryota Chikuzen to defeat the Crazy Dogs (Enson Inoue, Hiro Saito, Michiyoshi Ohara and Tatsutoshi Goto). Nagai would compete twice at NJPW's King of Sports pay-per-view in March, first teaming with Shibata, #1 and Yanagisawa to defeat Blue Wolf, Shinya Makabe, Toru Yano and Yutaka Yoshie, but later losing to Josh Barnett in a singles match. Face turn and team with Naruse (2004–2006)

After the Makai Club broke up in the summer of 2004, <mask> began a face turn, returning to AJPW for one night only on July 22 where he lost to his mentor Toshiaki Kawada.It was also during this time that he aligned himself with fellow Rings alumni Masayuki Naruse, with the two unsuccessfully challenging Genichiro Tenryu and Masanobu Fuchi for the All Asia Tag Team Championship on July 26. Around this time, <mask> joined Black New Japan while keeping his team with Naruse, which caused friction between them. On November 3 at Masahiro Chono's 20th Anniversary Show, they challenged once again, this time beating Fuchi and Tenryu to win the titles. He also returned to AJPW in December, teaming with Kawada for the Real World Tag League. They made it to the playoffs, where a loss to a RO&D (Jamal and Taiyo Kea) stopped them from reaching the final. After dropping the All Asia belts in February, <mask> suffered an injury competing against Naruse in March which would keep him out of action for the rest of 2005. In January 2006, <mask> was one of a number of New Japan wrestlers who opted not to renew their contracts with the promotion and became a freelancer.Freelancing (2006–present)

After leaving New Japan, <mask> debuted for Dramatic Dream Team (DDT), choosing a lighter schedule in a comedy promotion which would allow his injury to heal at a quicker rate. He aligned himself with Poison Sawada Julie's Serpent Council in late 2006, and also began competing for Tatsumi Fujinami's Muga World Pro Wrestling around this time. It was in MUGA <mask> would find his new home, competing regularly for the next few years while also making occasional appearances in DDT and various shoot style promotions such as Battlarts and Daisuke Ikeda's Fu-Ten. In February 2009, he wrestled Canadian wrestler Test in what would be Test's last match before he died the following month. In September 2010, he beat Alexander Otsuka to win Real Japan Pro Wrestling (RJPW)'s Legend Championship. He held the title for nearly a year before dropping it to Super Tiger in July 2011. <mask> won it back from Tiger in March 2012, and again dropped it to Tiger in December.In January 2014, <mask>'s appearances in Dradition became more sporadic, and he instead became a regular in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) once again, forming the Dark Kingdom stable with Kenso, which would later add Black Tiger VII, Black Tiger and Takeshi Minamino to its ranks. As Dark Kingdom, <mask> and Minamino won the All Asia Tag Team Championship in January 2015. They dropped the titles to Ultimo Dragon and Yoshinobu Kanemaru in March. <mask> would later debut and make Pro Wrestling Noah his home in late 2017, entering the 2017 Global League where a loss to Naomichi Marufuji stopped him from reaching the final.

masks: Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Mitsuya Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai Nagai


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<mask> (born May 9, 1975) is an American football coach who is currently the head football coach at the University of Mississippi (Ole Miss). <mask> formerly served as the offensive coordinator for the USC Trojans football team from 2005 to 2006, head coach of the National Football League's Oakland Raiders from 2007 to 2008, head coach of the University of Tennessee Volunteers college football team in 2009, and head coach of the Trojans from 2010 to 2013. He was the youngest head coach in modern NFL history at the time when he joined the Raiders (until in 2017 when Sean McVay joined the Rams), and, for a time, was the youngest head coach of a BCS Conference team in college football. <mask> was the offensive coordinator at the University of Alabama from 2014 until 2016, when he was hired to be the head coach at Florida Atlantic, a position he held until December 2019, when he became the head coach at Ole Miss. <mask> is the son of longtime NFL defensive coordinator <mask>. Playing career
<mask> graduated from Bloomington Jefferson High School in Minnesota in 1994, and committed to Fresno State University to play college football. He played backup quarterback for the Bulldogs, giving up his senior season to become a Student Assistant Coach for position coach Jeff Tedford, who would later become the head coach at Cal in 2002.<mask> graduated from Fresno State in 1998. Coaching career

Early positions
<mask> worked as a graduate assistant for one year at Colorado State University. In 1999, while he was working with the offensive line, the Rams played in the Liberty Bowl. <mask> secured a job with the Jacksonville Jaguars of the NFL as a quality control assistant for one year. He was then hired by head coach Pete Carroll as a tight ends coach at USC. USC Trojans assistant coach
<mask> began working with the University of Southern California (USC) staff during the 2001 season and became the wide receivers coach prior to the 2002 season. For the 2004 season, he added the duties of passing game coordinator, and he was promoted to offensive coordinator along with Steve Sarkisian for the 2005 season after Norm Chow left USC for the same position with the NFL's Tennessee Titans.In addition to his duties as offensive coordinator, <mask> took the reins as recruiting coordinator that year. Along with these duties, <mask> continued as the wide receivers coach. Under <mask> and Sarkisian, the 2005 USC offense produced numerous school records, averaging 49.1 points and 579 yards per game and becoming the first in NCAA history to have a 3,000 yard passer (Matt Leinart), two 1,000 yard rushers (Reggie Bush and LenDale White), and a 1,000 yard receiver (Dwayne Jarrett). Steve Smith fell a few yards short of also surpassing 1,000 yards in receiving. In <mask>'s three years as recruiting coordinator at USC, the Trojans had the top ranked recruiting class in college football every year. The Trojans finished first in the Pac-10 in passing efficiency by averaging 142.8 passer rating, produced two, 1,000-yard receivers – Dwayne Jarrett (1,105) and Steve Smith (1,083) – and a 3,000-yard passer John David Booty, with 3,347 yards. The team produced top 20 statistics in most NCAA offensive categories and concluded with a 32–18 win over the then #3 ranked team the University of Michigan in the Rose Bowl.<mask> helped guide USC to a 23–3 record during his tenure as offensive coordinator, an 88.5% win percentage; however, in June 2010, the NCAA retroactively declared Reggie Bush ineligible for the entire 2005 season, and forced USC to vacate all of its 2005 wins. Litigation from former coach Todd McNair to fight his defamation and to overturn those vacancies went on for ten years, before the defamation suit finally was settled through mediation in July 2021. The wins remained vacated, as announced by the NCAA two days later. Oakland Raiders
Raiders' owner Al Davis hired the 31 year-old <mask> on January 23, 2007, making him the youngest head coach in Oakland Raiders history, and signed <mask> to a two-year contract worth about $4 million with a team option for 2009. Pro Football Hall of Fame Coach John Madden was 32 when he was elevated to the head post by Davis in 1969. Davis had been known to select young, up-and-coming coaches in their thirties; those hires who fared well include John Madden, Mike Shanahan, and Jon Gruden. All have won Super Bowls, though Madden is the only one of the three to win a championship with the Raiders.Age 31 at the time of his hiring by the Raiders (32 when he coached his first game), <mask> became the youngest head coach in modern NFL history (i.e. since 1946); he also surpassed the New York Jets' Eric Mangini and the Pittsburgh Steelers' Mike Tomlin as the youngest head coach since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970. On August 12, 2007, in his NFL head coaching debut, <mask> and the Raiders won their preseason opener 27–23 over the Arizona Cardinals. <mask> vehemently opposed the selection of LSU quarterback JaMarcus Russell in the 2007 NFL Draft, who would eventually be regarded as one of the biggest draft busts in NFL history. Russell held out until September 12, and did not make his first start until December 2, long after the season was effectively over. <mask> recorded his first regular season win as an NFL head coach on September 23, 2007; the Raiders defeated the Cleveland Browns by a score of 26–24 when defensive lineman Tommy Kelly blocked a late Cleveland field goal. At his end-of-the-season press conference, <mask> told the media and his players that he had many plans and changes he was going to make in the 2008 offseason.When asked by his players about rumors that <mask> was interested in open coaching positions in college football, he told them he never thought the rumors were important enough to address because he was never planning to leave. Departure from the Raiders
On January 25, 2008, ESPN NFL analyst Chris Mortensen reported that Davis, who was not known for being patient with his coaches, tried to force <mask> to resign after his first season ended with a 4–12 record. A source allegedly close to <mask> told Mortensen that <mask> would not resign, and would not sign the letter of resignation that would cause him to forfeit his $2 million salary for the remaining guaranteed year of his contract. However, the Raiders denied the story, while <mask> refused to comment. On September 15, 2008, NBC Sports reported Davis was unhappy with <mask>, and intended to fire him as soon as the following Monday or Tuesday. On September 30, 2008, Davis fired <mask> over the telephone. At the televised news conference announcing the firing, Davis called <mask> "a flat-out liar" and said he was guilty of "bringing disgrace to the organization".The Raiders said the move was made for cause, meaning they would terminate his contract immediately without paying the $2.6 million that was left on it for 2008. <mask> later added in an interview with ESPN that he was not proud to be associated with Davis's accusations and was actually more embarrassed for Davis than himself. The Raiders subsequently released a letter Davis sent to <mask> on September 12 that warned him that he was on the verge of being fired for "conduct detrimental to the Raiders," including repeated instances of making excuses and outright lies. <mask>'s post-firing press conference was canceled. <mask> filed a grievance against the Raiders, claiming that he was fired without cause, but on November 15, 2010, an arbitrator ruled that Davis did indeed have cause to fire <mask>. <mask>'s short tenure as the Raiders' head coach ended with a 5–15 record. Offensive line coach Tom Cable was given interim head coaching duties for the remainder of the 2008 season and was later made their permanent head coach on February 4, 2009.Several of his former Raider staff expressed interest as <mask> began assembling his new staff at the University of Tennessee. On December 15, 2008, Raiders head coach Tom Cable lashed out at <mask> for hiring one of his assistants, James Cregg, with two weeks remaining in the NFL season. Cable called the timing of Cregg's departure "wrong in the business of coaching" and indicated he had lost respect for <mask> and planned to confront him about it. Nothing further was said publicly regarding the incident. Despite the animosity between the Raiders and <mask>, he released a statement following Al Davis's death in October 2011 stating that although their relationship had not ended well, he appreciated the opportunity Davis had given him and had "nothing but the greatest respect" for the late Raiders owner. Tennessee Volunteers
On November 28, 2008, multiple media outlets reported that <mask> would be the next head football coach for the University of Tennessee Volunteers in 2009, replacing head coach Phillip Fulmer, who was fired. Tennessee formally introduced <mask> as the school's 21st head football coach on December 1, 2008 in a 2:00 p.m. news conference.At the age of 33, <mask> was hired by Tennessee and became the youngest active head coach in Division I FBS, surpassing Northwestern's Pat Fitzgerald. <mask> signed a memorandum of understanding with the University of Tennessee on November 30, 2008. The deal included $2 million in 2009, with additional performance bonuses, including a $300,000 bonus if Tennessee was to compete for the national championship. His salary was set to increase over the six-year-deal, reaching a high of $2.75 million in 2014. The average salary of the deal was $2.375 million. If <mask> had been fired in 2009 or 2010, the school would have to pay him $7.5 million under a buyout clause; after the 2012 season, the buyout clause decreased to $5 million. <mask>'s contract stated that if he resigned, he would have to pay UT $1 million in 2009, with the sum decreasing by $200,000 each year of his contract.<mask> led the Vols to a 7–6 record in 2009, an improvement from their 5–7 record in 2008. The Vols increased their offensive output by more than 60 percent in 2009 with <mask> calling the offensive plays. Highlights included wins over South Carolina, Georgia, and Kentucky. However, the season was marred by losses to UCLA, Florida, Auburn, Alabama, and Ole Miss, as well as a 23-point blow-out loss to Virginia Tech in the Chick-fil-A Bowl. After one season as coach, <mask> left the Vols during the 2010 recruiting season to accept the head coaching job at the University of Southern California after Pete Carroll left to go to the Seattle Seahawks. Remarks and accusations
On February 5, 2009, during a Tennessee booster breakfast at the Knoxville Convention Center, <mask> accused Urban Meyer, then head coach of the Florida Gators and subsequently head coach of the Ohio State Buckeyes, of violating NCAA recruiting rules. While <mask> accused Meyer of violating NCAA rules, he incidentally violated a Southeastern Conference rule that prevented coaches from mentioning a recruit by name.<mask>'s accusations against Meyer were mistaken. Southeastern Conference commissioner Mike Slive issued a public reprimand to <mask> because of the comment. In addition to the SEC's public reprimand, Florida Athletic Director Jeremy Foley demanded a public apology from <mask>. <mask> issued a public apology one day after making the comment. In a statement released by the University of Tennessee, <mask> wrote, "In my enthusiasm for our recruiting class, I made some statements that were meant solely to excite those at the breakfast. If I offended anyone at the University of Florida, including Mr. Foley and Urban Meyer, I sincerely apologize. That was not my intention."<mask> generated further controversy when he told wide receiver recruit Alshon Jeffery that if Jeffery chose the Gamecocks, "he would end up pumping gas for the rest of his life like all the other players from that state who had gone to South Carolina." Jeffery went on to sign with the University of South Carolina Gamecocks, became the second round, 45th pick overall in the 2012 NFL Draft by the Chicago Bears, and, subsequently, a member of the Super Bowl LII champions, the Philadelphia Eagles. <mask> denied making the statement, however the incident was corroborated by Jeffery's high school coach Walter Wilson, who was listening to <mask>'s remarks on speakerphone. Departure from Tennessee
<mask>'s departure for USC in 2010 after just one season as head coach of the Volunteers upset many students and fans of the University of Tennessee. When Tennessee athletic director Mike Hamilton was asked for an assessment of <mask>'s tenure coaching the Volunteers, he responded with just one word: "Brief." Hundreds of students rioted on campus at the news of <mask>'s departure. Knoxville police and fire

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 department were brought in after students blocked the exit from the Neyland Thompson Sports Center and started several small fires.USC Trojans

On January 12, 2010, <mask> returned to USC to become the Trojans' head coach. This came following Pete Carroll's departure from USC to become the head coach of the Seattle Seahawks. In June 2010, after a prolonged four-year investigation into whether former USC running back Reggie Bush and his family had accepted financial benefits and housing from two sports agents in San Diego while he was a student athlete at USC, the NCAA imposed sanctions against the Trojan football program for a "lack of institutional control," including a two-year postseason ban, the loss of 30 scholarships over three years, and the vacation of all wins in which Bush participated as an "ineligible" player, including the 2005 Orange Bowl, in which the Trojans won the BCS National Championship. The severity of these sanctions has been criticized by some NCAA football writers, including ESPN's Ted Miller, who wrote, "It's become an accepted fact among informed college football observers that the NCAA sanctions against USC were a travesty of justice, and the NCAA's refusal to revisit that travesty are a massive act of cowardice on the part of the organization." <mask>'s tenure at USC was widely considered a disappointment. Questionable coaching calls and the restrictions of sanctions contributed to a sense of missed opportunity for <mask> and the Trojans. 2010 season

In 2010, his first season at USC, <mask>'s Trojans team finished the season with an 8–5 record but were ineligible for post-season play due to the NCAA sanctions.After the NCAA issued a guideline allowing current USC juniors and seniors to automatically transfer from USC without having to sit out a year, several USC players left before the start of the 2010 season, including Malik Jackson and Byron Moore to Tennessee, Travon Patterson to Colorado, D.J. Shoemate to Connecticut, Uona Kaveinga to BYU, and Blake Ayles to Miami, among others. Seantrel Henderson, who had signed a letter of intent to USC, was granted a release by <mask> and immediately enrolled at Miami. Both <mask> and former head coach Pete Carroll publicly referred to this NCAA-transfer exception as "free agency" because it allowed current USC players to be targeted for transfer opportunities and granted them immediate eligibility at their transfer destination. USC played the 2010 season with just 71 scholarship players, some of whom were redshirt candidates who did not play, instead of the normal NCAA allowance of 85 scholarship players. Season highlights included a 48–14 win over the California Golden Bears in which quarterback Matt Barkley tied the USC record for touchdown passes in a game by completing five in just the first half to put the Trojans up 42–0 at halftime. After losing to rival Notre Dame for the first time in eight years, USC bounced back to close their season with a win over cross-town rival UCLA to retain the Victory Bell.Quarterback Matt Barkley returned after missing the previous week and threw one of the team's two touchdown passes. Allen Bradford led the Trojans by gaining 212 yards rushing and catching a 47-yard touchdown pass. 2011 season

In 2011, <mask> coached the Trojans to a 10–2 record (7–2 in the Pac-12), despite being ineligible for post-season play for the second consecutive season. On May 26, 2011, the NCAA's Appeals Committee upheld the sanctions against USC, after ruling that the use of precedent was not allowed under NCAA Bylaws, so the USC football team could not participate in the Pac-12 Football Championship Game (although they held the best record in the South division) or play in a bowl game during the 2011–12 season. The BCS announced June 6, 2011, that it had stripped USC of the 2004 title, though USC still retains the 2003 and 2004 AP National Championships. Season highlights included road wins against the California Golden Bears, Notre Dame Fighting Irish, and Oregon Ducks. <mask>'s Trojans lost in triple overtime to the Stanford Cardinal, who were led by quarterback Andrew Luck, but they bounced back by winning their last four games and defeating the UCLA Bruins 50–0 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, which extended the Trojans' victory streak against the Bruins to five.USC ended the season with two thousand-yard receivers (Robert Woods and Marqise Lee), a thousand-yard rusher (Curtis McNeal), and a 3,000-yard passer (Matt Barkley) for the first time since the 2005 season, when <mask> was the offensive coordinator. 2012 season

<mask> for the first time became a voting member of the USA Today Coaches' Poll, but he resigned after just one vote amidst controversy over his preseason selection of USC as No. 1. After being informed that Arizona coach Rich Rodriguez had voted the Trojans as the top team, <mask> told reporters, "I would not vote USC No. 1, I can tell you that much." However, USA Today, citing the need to "protect the poll's integrity", revealed that <mask> had voted his team for the top spot. <mask> apologized and explained that his comments were from the perspective of an opposing coach voting for USC.The Trojans finished the season with a 7–6 record overall and a 5–4 record in Pac-12 conference play. The Trojans were ranked #1 in both major polls at the start of the season, but a lackluster season (including a .500 record in conference play and a loss to archrival UCLA) left them unranked by the end of the season. Prior to 2012, the last time a team that was the pre-season ranked #1 finished the season unranked was USC in 1963. 2013 season and firing

The Trojans lost their first two conference games of the 2013 season against Washington State and Arizona State, making <mask>'s record 4–7 in his last eleven games. During the Washington State opener, USC fans began filling the Coliseum with boos and, late in the game, chants to “fire <mask>.” On September 28, 2013, after the 62–41 loss to Arizona State, USC Athletics Director Pat Haden fired <mask> hours after the game, when the team arrived back in Los Angeles at 3 a.m. <mask> was called off the team bus that was preparing to head back to campus from Los Angeles International Airport and taken to a small room inside the terminal where Haden told <mask> he was being dismissed. After the meeting, Haden rejoined the team bus, and they headed back to campus with <mask>’s bags, leaving <mask> behind at the airport. Haden supposedly met with USC president Max Nikias in the third quarter and they decided Kiffin should be terminated.Haden formally announced the decision to dismiss <mask> the next day. Assistant coach Ed Orgeron took over for <mask> and led the team to a 6–2 finish, including an upset win against Stanford at the Coliseum. USC won the 2013 Las Vegas Bowl under interim head coach Clay Helton against Fresno State. Former USC associate head coach and Washington head coach Steve Sarkisian was hired by Haden following the season. Alabama Crimson Tide
In December 2013, <mask> spent eight days in Tuscaloosa, Alabama reviewing the Alabama Crimson Tide football team's offense. On January 9, 2014, after Michigan hired Alabama offensive coordinator Doug Nussmeier, <mask> interviewed for the vacant coordinator job. <mask> was offered the job as offensive coordinator at Alabama and accepted on January 10.In 2014, <mask> was a finalist for the Broyles Award, given annually to the nation's top college football assistant coach. On January 2, 2017, 3 weeks after having accepted the head coaching job at Florida Atlantic, but electing to remain as the Alabama Offensive Coordinator through the playoffs, <mask> was instead relieved of his duties as OC. He was replaced by another former USC head coach and his successor at that job, Steve Sarkisian, for the 2017 College Football Playoff National Championship 35–31 loss against Clemson and for the upcoming season. Florida Atlantic Owls
On December 12, 2016, <mask> accepted the head coaching position at Florida Atlantic University. After a 1-3 start, the FAU Owls reeled off ten straight wins, culminating in the Conference USA (C-USA) football championship against University of North Texas, 41–17, on their home field. FAU was slated to play the University of Akron in the Boca Raton Bowl on December 19, 2017. Before the game against Akron, it was announced on ESPN that <mask> and FAU had agreed to a new deal that would keep him on for the next ten years through the 2027 season.John Kelly, the President of FAU was quoted in the article as saying, "This is further proof of FAU's unbridled ambition . . . I thought we could be a Top-25 program and we need a coach who can do that, he's on the verge of doing that. We're obviously looking toward keeping <mask> long term." <mask> led the Owls to a 50–3 victory over Akron in the Boca Raton Bowl, culminating in a 11–3 season in his first year. The 11–3 season was the first season over .500 for the FAU Owls since 2008, and the first time they have achieved over ten wins while competing at Division 1 football. The 2017 FAU football season is only the 4th time in school history they had a winning record in Division 1 football.In 2019, <mask> once again led FAU to a 10-win season and a second C-USA championship. Ole Miss Rebels

On December 6, 2019, it was reported that <mask> was close to accepting the head coaching position at Ole Miss. On December 7, following FAU's blowout win in the C-USA championship game over UAB (49–6), it was confirmed by Ole Miss AD Keith Carter that <mask> would be the next head coach at Ole Miss. On December 9, <mask> was officially introduced as the 39th head football coach at Ole Miss. <mask>'s four-year contract totaled $16.2 million and would pay him $3.9 million in 2020 with a $100,000 yearly increment thereafter. <mask> won his first game at Ole Miss in the second game of the 2020 season at Kentucky, a 42–41 win in overtime. In <mask>'s first season Ole Miss finished 5-5 with a 4-5 record in the SEC leading to a 2021 Outback Bowl invitation.After winning the Outback Bowl <mask> was given a one-year contract extension by Ole Miss (the maximum extension Ole Miss could offer since Mississippi state law only allows four-year total contracts for university employees), however financial details were not immediately released. New contract details were released in August 2021 and amounted to $21 million in base pay through 2024, with $4.5 million paid out in 2021 and over $5 million in each of the remaining three seasons. Prior to the 2021 season, <mask> led Ole Miss to become the first NCAA football team 100% vaccinated against COVID-19. This was particularly notable because at the time of Ole Miss' announcement the state of Mississippi ranked 49th out of 50th in COVID-19 vaccination rates. <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 two days before the 2021 Ole Miss opener in the Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game with Louisville and would not make the trip with the team. With a 31-21 victory in the Egg Bowl the Rebels would finish the 2021 regular season 10-2. This was the first time in Ole Miss school history that they finished the regular season with 10 wins.Personal life
<mask> is the son of <mask>, a long time defensive coordinator in the National Football League, most notably for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. In 2013, Monte resigned as the defensive coordinator on <mask>'s staff at USC and was hired for the same position with the Dallas Cowboys. <mask> and his ex-wife Layla, who is a University of Florida alumna, have three children. <mask>'s brother, Chris, was a defensive lineman at Colorado State University and is the current defensive line coach for the Cleveland Browns. <mask>'s former father-in-law, John Reaves, was a former starting NFL and USFL quarterback who played college football for the Florida Gators. On February 28, 2016, <mask> and Layla announced that they were separating and had mutually decided to divorce. Head coaching record

NFL

College

 ‡ Ineligible for Pac-12 title, bowl game and Coaches' Poll due to NCAA sanctions.*<mask> was fired on September 29, 2013. ** Departed Florida Atlantic for Ole Miss before bowl game

References

External links
 Ole Miss profile

1975 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
Colorado State Rams football coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs football coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs football players
Jacksonville Jaguars coaches
Oakland Raiders head coaches
Tennessee Volunteers football coaches
USC Trojans football coaches
Florida Atlantic Owls football coaches
Ole Miss Rebels football coaches
Colorado State University alumni
Sportspeople from Lincoln, Nebraska
Sportspeople from Bloomington,

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<mask> (, , born 1967) is a Chinese fashion designer. She is best known for designing dresses for Chinese celebrities, and in America for Rihanna's trailing yellow gown at the 2015 Met Ball. <mask> is the first born-and-raised Asian designer to be invited to become a guest member of the  Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. In 2016, Time listed her as one of the World's 100 Most Influential People. Early life and early start

<mask> was born in Beijing in 1967. <mask> was born to two members of China's Communist Party, her father being a former battalion leader of the People's Army and her mother being a kindergarten teacher. In an interview with Forbes Magazine, she recalls her father having thrown away her sketches and paintings as a child.In the same interview <mask> says she got her start in sewing at the age of 2 years old, helping her mother make clothes for the winter and developed her love for dressmaking. During her childhood, Mao suits were considered the only correct form of clothing and <mask> defied this with loose-fitting dresses. Despite the otherwise oppressive fashion enforced, she still went to study and graduate from Beijing Second Light Industry School with a degree in fashion design in 1986. <mask>'s graduation was also at a good time since post-Mao reforms were being implemented by Deng Xiaoping. <mask> found a job at one of China's first privately owned clothing brand manufacturers, Tianma. She states that there was a sudden demand for fashion that grew in China, with one of her most popular factory designs being a brightly colored winter coat with a hood. She left the company in 1997 to form her own fashion brand.Career
<mask> says that she strived for something more as the fashion demand grew in China as well. In the early 2000s <mask>'s reputation began to grow, she received commissions to create styles for the 2008 Summer Olympics as well as the annual Spring Festival Galas put on by China Central Television (CCTV). She is responsible for Song Zuying's dress that she wore during her performance with Plácido Domingo at the 2008 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. The dress took two weeks overall to make and was covered with 200,000 Swarovski Crystals. Her “One Thousand and Two Nights” collection debuted in November 2009, during China Fashion Week. American model, Carmen Dell’Orefice appeared in the show wearing an elaborate white embroidered fur-lined gown, with an escort of four to help carry its train. Dell’Orefice later went on to compare <mask> to Charles James.<mask> was  credited as a costume designer on the set of the 2014 film The Monkey King. The film's makeup and costume departments were nominated for a Hong Kong Film Award the following year but lost out to Man Lim Chung, in The Golden Era. In 2008, <mask> conceived  a canary yellow floor-length dress with a large circular train, edged with yellow coloured fur and embroidered with silver floral patterns. It took approximately 50,000 hours over two years for her design team to create and weighed about  on completion. Bajan singer Rihanna  came across the piece on the internet while researching a design for the China-themed New York Met Gala in 2015. According to <mask>, when first asked she agreed to the proposal but was wary about whether the singer would be able to withstand the weight. Rihanna appeared on the red carpet in the gown, followed by a three-person entourage to hold the large train.Early reactions to the dress design spawned viral memes on social media, with the eye catching yellow material and sizable train drawing comparisons to omelettes and pizzas. A photo of the design worn by the singer was featured on the front page of Vogue'''s Met Gala edition. This media exposure made <mask> more recognizable among Western audiences. <mask>’s works were also exhibited at the annual exhibition at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, titled "China: Through the Looking Glass". In 2016, <mask> became a guest member of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture. Her first collection to be showcased as a part of Paris Fashion Week was her Spring Summer 2016 collection. Inspired by Spring flowers for femininity and the phoenix for peace and purity, the collection had traditional Chinese influences like gold tassels, intricate threadwork embroidery over silk, bibs and long trains.Her Spring 2017 Haute couture collection, presented at La Conciergerie and titled “Legend,” was inspired by the murals of the Saint Gallen Cathedral in Switzerland. Most recently <mask>'s Haute Couture Spring/Summer Show was considered to embody life through her use of forestry and roots in her runway setups to the designs of her clothing themselves. There was a recurring theme of dark blue embroideries hinting at the idea of dawn or dusk, the French idea of l'heure bleue. While watching her show, you can see models wearing this blue shade in almost all of the designs that come onto the runway, whether they be the main focus of a garment, or in the smaller details, the idea of l'heure bleue is everywhere. <mask> described her work as representing a life force of roots and flowers, explaining, "Roots are the source of life and vitality...Without roots, there's not life. This world is a very mysterious place, but it's linked intimately with our lives. That's why the tree is onstage, and you'll see a lot of flowers."One of the connecting pieces in <mask>'s collections, however, is the use of gold in a lot of her shows. <mask> believes that not only does gold embody the top of terms of knowledge and wealth, but <mask> also believe that it is, "the color of our souls." <mask> designed the costumes of the character of Chang'e for the 2020 Netflix film Over The Moon''

Personal life
<mask> is married to her husband and partner Cao Bao Jie, also known as Jack Tsao, who is a textile dealer. She credits him with introducing her to European fabrics and embroideries, and empowering her to recognise herself she was an haute couturière instead of just a tailor. <mask>'s husband oversees the branding and business side of <mask>'s label. Rose Studio
Rose Studio is the name of <mask>'s showroom in the Chaoyang district of Beijing, and is three stories in what would be considered a drab area near in an industrial park. On the outside, it can be mistaken for a normal factory, but on the inside gold-speckled mirrors line the walls and ceilings.<mask>'s designs are housed in displays like a museum. On the top floor, dozens of tailors, pattern cutters, shoemakers, and needlewomen work on the orders, with painstaking measures taken to make sure everything works in harmony with one another. <mask> employs five hundred people at three locations outside of China's capital, most learning about their craft on the job, stating that <mask> is a good teacher. <mask>'s clients are usually wealthy and well to do, but most of her older clients state that they are embracing a more Chinese style. References

Further reading

External links

1967 births
Living people
Chinese fashion designers
Artists from Beijing

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<mask> (born 13 September 1973) is an English former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. <mask> is currently goalkeeping coach at Salford City. <mask> started his career at non-League Rossendale United and Clitheroe before being signed by Crystal Palace and then moved back north to Stockport County. He then played for Manchester City, Middlesbrough, Preston North End, Wigan Athletic, Stoke City for whom he helped gain promotion to the Premier League and Everton before re-joining Stoke in 2010. Throughout his career <mask> was used mainly as a second and third choice keeper but did play regularly for Stockport and Preston. Playing career

Early career
Born in Bolton, Lancashire, <mask> started his career at local youth club Moss Bank before he joined Manchester United's academy. At age 14 he 'gave up' football for a while to finish his education.He played for non-League Rossendale United and Clitheroe with whom he played in the final of the FA Vase at Wembley Stadium losing 3–0 to Brigg Town. He was signed by Crystal Palace for a fee of £35,000 by manager Dave Bassett. He was a key player for Crystal Palace when they got promoted to the Premier League in 1997, playing in the play-off final victory over Sheffield United. However, in the summer of 1997 Palace signed Kevin Miller from Watford and he was their first choice for Crystal Palace's season in the Premier League, and as a result <mask> didn't play at all in the 1997–98 season. He had a three-year spell with Stockport County after leaving Crystal Palace. Stockport loaned <mask> to Wolverhampton Wanderers in late 2000 to provide cover for Michael Oakes. Shortly afterwards he made a move to Manchester City for a fee of £100,000 on a four-and-a-half-year deal in January 2001.On his Premier League debut on 11 April 2001, he lost 4–0 at home to Arsenal. During Kevin Keegan's management of Manchester City, <mask> and Nicky Weaver were rotated frequently as starting goalkeeper. <mask> was sold on to Middlesbrough for a nominal fee in August 2003. His only appearance of the season was on 8 November in a 2–0 win at Aston Villa, as Mark Schwarzer was away with his sick daughter. He was praised for his performance by manager Steve McClaren. Preston North End
However, after only playing five games for the club in two years, he moved down a division to join Preston North End on a three-and-a-half-year contract in March 2005. The club finished the season in the Championship play-off places, and lost the final by a single goal to West Ham United on 30 May.Preston chairman Derek Shaw said in June 2007 that the club received a bid from Fulham of £150,000 rising to £300,000 for <mask> in January. <mask> wanted to join Fulham, and was subsequently dropped by Preston manager Paul Simpson. Wigan Athletic
<mask> joined Wigan Athletic on a month-long emergency loan in February 2007, due to injuries to their first and second choice goalkeepers, Chris Kirkland and Mike Pollitt. Following the conclusion of that loan deal, <mask> returned to Preston, where he was transfer listed on 8 May. Wigan signed him permanently for a fee of £300,000 on 27 June 2007. On 4 March 2008, Stoke City signed <mask> on an emergency loan deal for the remainder of the 2007–08 season following Márton Fülöp's recall to Sunderland. <mask> played a vital part in Stoke's promotion to the Premier League with a penalty save against Watford and a number of important saves on the final day of the season against Leicester City.<mask> made his only Wigan appearance on 26 August 2008 in the second round of the League Cup, in a 4–0 home win over Notts County. Everton

<mask> moved to Everton, the team he supported as a boy, as reserve goalkeeper to Tim Howard on a two-year contract on 1 September 2008. He made his only appearance in a Europa League dead rubber group tie at home to Belarusian club BATE Borisov on 17 December, which Everton lost 1–0. He was on the bench for the 2009 FA Cup Final, which his team lost 2–1 to Chelsea. Stoke City
Following <mask>'s release from Everton he returned to Stoke after signing a one-year contract in July 2010 where he provided back-up to Thomas Sørensen and Asmir Begović. On 24 August 2010 <mask> made his second début for Stoke in a 2–1 League Cup win over Shrewsbury Town. <mask> signed a one-year contract extension at Stoke in January 2011 and was subsequently released on a free transfer at the end of the 2012–13 season.Norwich City
<mask> joined Norwich City on 10 July 2013 as a replacement third choice goalkeeper for Jed Steer, providing cover for John Ruddy and Mark Bunn. Norwich were relegated at the end of the season, and <mask> was released by the club. Coaching career
In July 2016, <mask> was appointed goalkeeping coach at League One club Oldham Athletic by incoming manager Stephen Robinson. He left Oldham in 2018 to join former Preston teammate Graham Alexander at Salford City. Personal life
<mask> is an enthusiastic travel photographer in his spare time, and set up a travel book publishing company called 'Luxury Backpackers'. <mask> is a devout Christian and said in an interview with the Church Times, "I find that being a Christian helps me to deal with disappointing moments in football a lot better". <mask>'s paternal grandmother was Italian.<mask> is also interested in languages, having learned French, German, Italian and Spanish, and practiced Chinese when he shared a room with Sun Jihai at Manchester City. In February 2014, <mask> was stopped by police on a dual carriageway in Norfolk after being caught driving at 140 mph. He was found guilty in his absence at Norwich magistrates court. On 4 August, when <mask> was due to be sentenced, he failed to appear in court, having sent a letter through his solicitors asking for the case to be transferred to a court nearer to his home. The case was adjourned until 15 August. In October 2014, <mask> received a 34-week driving ban; it was heard in court that he was unemployed and poor following his divorce. In July 2015 <mask> was cleared at Chester Crown Court of a charge of stalking his ex-wife, as the prosecution offered no evidence.He was compensated for his legal costs. Career statistics

A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the Football League play-offs. Honours
Crystal Palace
Football League First Division play-offs: 1997

Manchester City
Football League First Division: 2001–02

Stoke City
Football League Championship runner-up: 2007–08
FA Cup runner-up: 2010–11

Everton
FA Cup runner-up: 2008–09

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Footballers from Bolton
English people of Italian descent
English footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Rossendale United F.C. players
Clitheroe F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Stockport County F.C.players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Manchester City F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Stoke City F.C. players
Everton F.C.players
Norwich City F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Salford City F.C. non-playing staff
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. non-playing staff
English Christians
British travel writers
Travel photographers

masks:
Carlo James Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash
Nash


texts:
<mask> (2 February 1822 – ) was one of the distinguished pioneers and social improvers of the 19th century in Birmingham, England; and inventor of the postal order. He was involved in many aspects of Birmingham's mid-Victorian life that were intended for the benefit of its citizens, including the General Hospital, the Chamber of Commerce, the School of Art, the Children's Hospital, the early Birmingham Hospital Saturday Fund, and the Blue Coat School. <mask> was born in Finsbury, London, on 2 February 1822, the son of <mask> (d. 1856) and his wife, Ann,  Skirrow. Two years later, the family moved to Stourbridge, Worcestershire. In 1838 <mask> moved to Birmingham in search of work, and found employment at the button manufactory of Smith and Kemp. His talents marked him for a swift ascendancy from traveller to partner in 1850, and eventually sole proprietor of the company. He was a nonconformist (like many of Birmingham's civic leaders at this time).Although he shared the profits of his enterprise, he opposed factory legislation, arguing that it interfered with the individual employer. While serving as President of the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce, he came up with the idea of postal orders, as an alternative to cheques, that would give the poorer classes the same facility as the wealthy to buy goods and services by post. A delegation of the Birmingham Chamber went to the annual meeting of Chambers of Commerce in London and <mask> presented the idea, with details on how it would work, including all the Postal Order values proposed. London bankers were initially opposed to the idea, thinking it would affect their businesses, and the idea was rejected. However, the bankers eventually realised that the people who would use postal orders were not their customers and were therefore no threats. Consequently, at the Annual Meeting a year later <mask> presented the idea again: this time it was accepted, and the Postal Order system was initiated exactly as he and the Birmingham Chamber had proposed. He was a founder member of the Birmingham Liberal Association in 1865, and became its first chairman in 1868.In 1877 he was elected the first treasurer of the National Liberal Federation. At the 1880 general election he successfully stood for parliament as a Liberal in Nottingham. At the same time he had been helping the Liberal cause in Birmingham. However, on the evening of his success, 15 April, at a dinner held in his honour at the Council House, he died of an apoplexy, aged 58. Burial
<mask> was buried at Key Hill Cemetery. The funeral took place on 19 April 1880, a warm spring day. Thousands of people lined the route, and over 300 policemen maintained order.The funeral was arranged by the Metallic Airtight Coffin Co Ltd of Great Charles Street; and the oak coffin with brass furniture was indeed metal lined. Its inscription read "<mask> <mask>, died April 15th 1880, aged 58 years". On the lid were placed wreaths of white camellias, hyacinths, primulas, lily of the valley and maidenhair fern. A cortege of over 20 carriages set off after the hearse to the accompaniment of the bell of Handsworth Old Church. The curtains and blinds of houses along the route were drawn, and shops had closed for the day out of respect. At the Recreation Ground in Burbury Street, a procession of representatives from the public bodies of Birmingham formed, and proceeded on foot four abreast to the cemetery gates. There it split into two to allow the hearse to pass through.The People's Chapel was reached by 3.00 pm, where the first part of the funeral service was held. Leaving to the strains of the "Dead March" from Saul, the congregation progressed to <mask>'s grave. As the coffin was lowered into the ground, "Rock of Ages" was sung. Memorial

Following <mask>'s death, the Mayor of Birmingham, Richard Chamberlain, convened a memorial committee. Many of the town's politicians favoured a portrait to hang in the new Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery, or a bust to be placed in the Council House. Others, however, felt that the most appropriate memorial would be a public statue. A Mr Apperley wrote to the Birmingham Daily Post to argue that a bust in the Council House would rarely be seen except on special occasions.He stated: "We will have a statue if we buy it ourselves"; and made it clear that the people wanted "something whereby we can show our children the form of one we love so well and instil in them the good qualities he possessed. If ever a man deserved a statue Mr <mask> does and if ever the working men want a statue to anyone they want one to him." A decision was finally made in favour of a statue, and Francis Williamson was given the commission. It was sculpted from marble and sited in Colmore Row (in what afterwards became Victoria Square), in front of the Council House. It was unveiled by <mask> MP on 15 June 1883. The Birmingham Daily Mail reported that the pose was admirable, with <mask> standing in a bold upright attitude, as was his wont when addressing an audience. The statue stood close to that to Joseph Priestley, and was joined by the statue to Queen Victoria in 1901.However, following the death of Edward VII, Priestley and <mask> were moved to Chamberlain Place in 1913, so that the new memorial to Edward by Albert Toft could be placed next to his mother. In 1914 the architectural journal The Builder published a disparaging review of Birmingham's public monuments, criticising their execution and settings. It called the Chamberlain Memorial Fountain miserable, and Chamberlain Place "squirt square"; but it found the <mask> statue the least unsatisfactory example. Despite the use of such adjectives as "cold", "stiff" and "provincial", it conceded that, of all Birmingham's statues, this one displayed a simple and refined design, and found that the figure and the base displayed a certain amount of cohesion. The statue remained in Chamberlain Place until 1951, when, as no suitable place for it could be found, it was moved to a storage depot, and eventually scrapped. However, in 1956 a bronze copy of the bust was made by William Bloye, Chairman of the Technical Committee of the Birmingham Civic Society. This was unveiled in a niche in the Council House on 13 September 1957, where it remains.See also
 Skirrow

References

Sources
 Birmingham Chamber of Commerce record books (1879/1880/1881)
 Birmingham Daily Post Obituary April 1880

External links
 Skirrow genealogy
 Past Presidents of Birmingham Chamber of Commerce

People from Birmingham, West Midlands
1822 births
1880 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1880–1885
Burials at Key Hill Cemetery
People from Stourbridge

masks:
John Skirrow Wright
Life Wright
Edward Fawcett Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
John Skirrow
Wright
Wright
Wright
Wright
John Bright
Wright
Wright
Wright


texts:
<mask> (1803–1866)  was a Scottish millworker, poet, lecturer and author in Dunfermline, Scotland. In spite of working 14-hour days at the mill and dealing with poor health, disabilities and depression, Macansh produced poetry, journal articles and scientific lectures. Macansh published an anthology of his poetry and a collection of autobiographical works and the texts of his lectures. Early years
Macansh was born in 1803 in Doune, near Stirling, the illegitimate son of a young flax heckler, <mask>. Nothing is known about his mother. He was raised by his grandparents, <mask> (also a flax heckler) and <mask>. His grandfather died in 1805.Macansh's memories of his early life are all of his grandmother, whom he memorialized in the following poem. Well I remember all her homely ways
Her cup of tea at early morning tide. When, creeping from our curtained sleeping place
I nestled down, half naked, at her side. Receiving from her kind, ungrudging hand
The other crust and, with the other crust,
Some fondling token of maternal trust. Well I remember how each Sabbath morn
She dressed and trimmed me out, and led me down
To the small village kirk, so old and worn
I firmly holding by her mourning gown
Dressed in my Highland kilt and milk-white hose
She in her widow weeds and high-heeled shoon,
Above her tremulous head and shoulders rose. Macansh started his education at the village school at the age of five or six. He remembered the habit of Mr Young, the domini, of dismissing his pupils at the end of each day with a Latin quotation.At age 11, Macansh was apprenticed to a flax dresser in Dunfermline. In his poem he remembered
....that dark winter morn when Mary stood -
stood with me in the lamp-light at her door. Her withered cheek o'er glistening with the dew
Of farewell sorrow; for she inly knew
We were about to part for evermore -
She to the skies, and I to wander forth,
Our ways divided wide as heaven and earth. In 1814, Macansh started his apprenticeship in a 'sale shop',  In this shop, a few men manually prepared flax for women working at their spinning wheels in their own homes. The final process in the preparation of flax for spinning was the combing out of the fibres with an implement called a heckle and the men who did the work were called either 'hecklers' or, more often, flax dressers. In 1816 Andrew Rutherford opened a further mill at Harribrae, Dunfermline, manufacturing white and coloured yarns for table linen, ticking, sheetings, towellings and shirting, Macansh's father was an overseer at Rutherford's mill and probably got his son a job in 1819 in one of the heckling shops,. Macansh worked at the mill until it closed in 1852.The Heckling Shop
Macansh described his time in Rutherford's in an article called 'The Politics of the Workshop'. It was published in instalments in 1854 in The Northern Warder and General Advertiser for the Counties of Fife, Perth, and Forfar. Macansh later updated the article for his anthology Working Man's Bye Hours, published in 1866. 'The Politics of the Workshop' described the political discussions of his fellow workers and  their working conditions. The shop in which I wrought thirty years ago….held a dozen of us, six on each side with a window between every two. The centre of this window was a glazed fixture, the upper and under parts of this were hinged wooden blinds that could be lifted up or lowered down for the admission of fresh air or the emission of dust. In the winter months, November and December especially, this dust, the exhalation of a decayed vegetation, hung over our heads in a cloud so dense that one of my shopmates used to say, playfully, that he could write his name on it This was not the most Arcadian atmosphere for men to labour in from six in the morning till eight at night and not alone for days but for months and years.Many of the men were asthmatic and all were affected more or less with shortness of breath. Out of the dozen in our shop and six in another close by belonging to the same employers, are all dead with the exception of myself and another man.At age 16, according to Macansh, he was 'attacked with severe pains in his limbs, which, accompanied with a series of cruel accidents reduced him ere he attained his twenty-first year "to a state of dwarfish deformity". This disability exposed him to 'the constant taunts and jeers of his rougher fellow-workmen and the still more torturing expressions of pity from the more kindly-hearted'.. ‘The trade at which the writer was employed for thirty-eight years – that of a flax dresser – was of that kind with permits conversation during working hours. The noise is not such as to drown the sound of the voice, but in a large shop, in which a dozen, or perhaps a score of heckles, are ringing, it is so great as to require the voice to be pitched on a rather high key, that the words may be heard and understood. Hecklers, for this reason, have a rather disagreeable habit of talking and reading in the octave key, even in a private room where there is not necessity for any particular elevation of voice. 'Macansh also described a pet bird in the shop and the hecklers' excursions into the countryside with a donkey they had adopted.....we had a shop bird – indeed we almost always had a bird of some sort – a blackbird, a mavis (song thrush) or a linnet….The bird in question was a green linnet, a fine, strong chap with the closest and glossiest plumage. Dick would feed from the hand, perch upon a shoulder and, above everything in the world, delight in a fight.He would stand in the door of his cage and bending cock-fashion, unshuffled his tippet and attack the finger….We always left his cage door open and gave him full liberty of wing and Dick would suddenly bolt out of his wired domicile and disappearing in the wood behind the shop or west in the fields, be absent for hours amusing himself, how or where no-one could say. Then, all at once, he would dive in through one of the windows and, after taking a sweep two or three times round, would again enter his cage and be tail-up in his seed box ere one could count two. One day when the shopmates were in a very disagreeable mood, launching uncourteous epithets at each other, Dick suddenly swooped in through an open window from one of his excursions and circling round overhead, made a salute at every paper cap as he passed. The effect was electric. A good-humoured laugh took the place of angry invectives and a harmonious conversation followed.In Macansh's article, he described the lifestyles that produced differing political opinions, beginning with the aristocrat, followed by the middle class merchant and ending with the workman.The poor workman, again, standing at the foot of the social ladder is by position a Radical - a Chartist. He says, "It is no fault of mine that I am poor, but because I am poor I am disenfranchised, am I? My father, like myself, was a hard working man, with a numerous family and he might have been, in the opinion of these two gentlemen up the trap, not very intelligent.I got little or no schooling. How could I? My mother set me down at the pirn wheel when I was nine years of age. Thence I was sent to the loom when I was eleven. Unfit to pace the treadles from the brevity of my yet ungrown limbs, they had at first to nail bars to enable me to work them with success. I wrought at the trade of making table covers for the more fortunate portions of society for many years, giving my earnings to my parents to enable them to live and bring up the rest and I arrived at manhood with one suit of clothes and my brain as unfurnished as my back with anything more substantial than politics.It was the custom of the men in the heckling shop to buy various newspapers and they took turns at reading them out loud while the work went on. We had two newspapers and a weekly political pamphlet.One of them was the Scotsman, not generally liked by our Radical shopmates, for it was then, thirty-five years ago, now forty-seven, wholly literary and political and the tone of its articles, though the most liberal in Scotland at that period, did not come up to our men's ideas of the true Radical standard. The favourites were Wooler's Gazette  and his Black Dwarf, the former long since defunct - a firebrand and, like all its class, as stupid as it was violent. The latter a firebrand also....We read by turns, column about, commencing with the editor's commentary, then the Parliamentary debates, then the miscellaneous matter - a murder or a horrible accident always having the preference. Scholar, Poet, Journalist and Lecturer
After working a 14-hour day in the mill,  Macansh would eat supper and then start studying.In his humble abode in one of the closes off the High Street of Dunfermline, he held championship with the greatest and brightest of intellects. He resumed the Latin studies which fascinated him in his early boyhood at Doune, when old Mr Young, the village schoolmaster, was wont to dismiss his scholars with a classical phrase and caused a far-sounding shout of Ad scholam to be piped when the hour for opening the school approached. He also taught himself French and two or three other Continental languages, without, of course, becoming scholastically proficient; and I think he also knew a little Greek and Hebrew, on which he occasionally held consultations with his friend the Rev. James Mackenzie of the Free Abbey Church.He kept well abreast, too, with modern science and literature, as his published essays and lectures show. He was held in respect by the most cultured men in the town.In 1850, Macansh's anthology The Social Curse (or Intemperance): A Rhyme and Other Pieces was published in Edinburgh. The 'Rhyme' of the title extended to fifty-three pages and was accompanied by fifty-three 'Other Pieces'. Several of his poems had already been published in the Scotsman in 1828 and 1830, Tait's Magazine and The Edinburgh Literary Journal. Published works
 The Social Curse (or Intemperance): A Rhyme and Other Pieces published Edinburgh 1850
Two Essays on the Benefits of Savings Banks to the Working Classes by <mask> and James Cousin. Published  Dunfermline 1852
 Working Man's Bye-Hours: Essays, Lectures, Poems. published by William Clark, Dunfermline, 1866

References

1866 deaths
1811 births
19th-century Scottish poets
People from Dunfermline
Scottish male writers

masks:
Alexander Macansh
Alexander Macansh Sr
James Macansh
Mary Spittal Macansh
Alexander Macansh


texts:
<mask>  (born 15 August 1982) is an Irish former rugby union player from Northern Ireland and was the captain of the Ireland national team from 2016 to 2019. He played hooker for Ulster and was registered for Banbridge RFC, having previously represented the Newcastle Agrics. <mask> earned 124 caps for Ireland, making his debut in 2005 and retiring at the end of the 2019 Rugby World Cup, his fourth World Cup. <mask> is one of the most capped rugby players of all time, as well as the most-capped forward to ever represent Ireland. <mask> toured with the British & Irish Lions side in 2013 and 2017. Early life

<mask> was raised in Poyntzpass, County Armagh. His mother is English, from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire.He was educated at Tandragee Junior High School and Portadown College. He then studied agriculture at The University of Newcastle. Club career
<mask> returned home to join Belfast Harlequins in 2002 where he captained the team and gained his first Ulster contract in 2004. He made his debut for Ulster as a replacement at home to Munster in the 2005 Celtic League. He replaced his brother (now retired Ireland and Ulster prop Simon) as Ulster captain for the 2007/08 season and continues to hold the position. He is renowned for his abilities as a scrummager. <mask> missed the entire 2009/10 season due to surgery on a chronic disc problem.<mask> scored two tries in 2011/12 and 2010/11 for Ulster. He was part of the Ulster side that was defeated by Leinster in The Heineken Cup final in 2012. <mask> played his 200th game for Ulster in the Pro14 in 2017, earning the honour against Leinster. International career

2005–2012
<mask> made his international debut for Ireland as a replacement against the All Blacks at Lansdowne Road in November 2005 and made his first start against the Springboks in 2006. He has been involved with the national team ever since, initially sharing the number 2 shirt with Jerry Flannery. He was a member of the Irish teams that won the 2007 Triple Crown and was in the Irish squad for the 2007 Rugby World Cup as well as the 2009 Six Nations Championship which completed the Grand Slam. He captained the Ireland team that toured North America in 2009, while many of his Ireland teammates were on the British & Irish Lions team that began their tour of South Africa at the same time.He became the first-choice hooker at the 2011 Rugby World Cup after an injury to Jerry Flannery. <mask> also played his 50th test for Ireland during the World Cup, scoring a try as Ireland beat the United States during the pool stages. He was chosen to captain Ireland again, during the 2012 Six Nations Championship, after Paul O'Connell was injured. 2013–2019
<mask> was added to the British & Irish Lions squad for the tour to Australia on 26 May after English hooker Dylan Hartley was removed from the squad after receiving a red card in the Aviva Premiership final for abuse of an official on 25 May 2013. In 2014 <mask> won his 2nd Six Nations title. In January 2016, <mask> was named as the new Ireland captain for the 2016 Six Nations Championship. On 26 November 2016, <mask> became Ireland's fifth centurion, gaining his 100th cap in a test match vs Australia in the Aviva Stadium, Dublin.The previous week, <mask> captained Ireland to a historic 40–29 win over New Zealand in his 99th appearance, Ireland's first ever win over New Zealand. After finishing the 2017 Six Nations, <mask> was selected for the British & Irish Lions for the second time, on the 2017 tour to New Zealand. <mask> started in four of the five matches he played on tour, captaining the Lions to a 34–6 win over the Chiefs and a 31–31 draw against the Hurricanes. <mask> was not subbed off in either of those matches, and received an OBE while he was on tour with the Lions. <mask> continued as captain for Ireland for the 2018 Six Nations Championship, leading the team to a historic third Grand Slam and Triple Crown, as well as winning the tournament, by defeating England at Twickenham Stadium on St Patrick's Day. Although <mask> missed the mid-year test series against Australia's Wallabies, with Peter O'Mahony captaining Ireland in his place, <mask> returned for the 2018 end-of-year rugby union internationals. <mask> cemented his place as one of the most successful captains in Irish rugby history during the end of 2018, leading Ireland out against New Zealand on 17 November 2018.Ireland beat New Zealand by 16–9, winning their ninth test in a single year. On 18 April 2019, <mask> announced that he would retire from professional rugby after the 2019 Rugby World Cup. "It is with mixed feelings that I announce my retirement from Ulster Rugby as of the end of this season," said <mask>. "This feels like the right time for me to go out on my terms, a luxury for which I feel very privileged,". His final match for Ireland was on 19 October 2019, when they lost to New Zealand, 14–46 in the quarter-finals of the 2019 Rugby World Cup, which was also <mask>'s fourth World Cup tournament. <mask> was replaced by Niall Scannell in the 63rd minute, receiving a standing ovation from the crowd as he left the field. His achievements across his career earned his subsequent praise from All Blacks Captain, Kieran Read.He is the only Irish captain to have a win over Australia, New Zealand and South Africa and he is one of a few captains to achieve this. <mask> played his last two professional rugby matches for the Barbarians in November 2019. In the first, on 16 November 2019 at Twickenham, he captained the team in the Killic Cup match against the Flying Fijians who won 33–31. He again captained the Baa-Baas in his final match against Wales at the Principality Stadium, Cadiff, on 30 November 2019. Wales won 43–33. When substituted in the 51st minute, <mask> received a standing ovation from the crowd, paying tribute to him and marking the end of his illustrious career. Statistics

International analysis by opposition

Coaching career
In April 2021, <mask> was announced as a technical and high-performance skills coach for the Seattle Seawolves alongside former Ireland international, Allen Clarke.Honours
<mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to rugby. Ulster
Pro12:
Winner (1): 2005-06

Ireland
Six Nations Championship:
Winner (4): 2009, 2014, 2015, 2018
Grand Slam:
Winner (2): 2009, 2018
Triple Crown:
Winner (4): 2006, 2007, 2009, 2018

Personal life
<mask> was raised on the family farm near Poyntzpass, County Armagh; his older brother Simon also played for Ulster and Ireland. <mask> married Jodie Bell, a schoolteacher in Richhill in the summer of 2009, they have two boys and one girl. <mask> is a tillage and beef farmer, with his father and brother Simon in County Down. In 2018 while Ireland Captain, <mask> received criticism for attending a trial in a sign of support for his teammates on trial for the alleged gang rape of a teenage girl at a party in Belfast, which was ultimately dismissed. He admitted regret in attending the trial a year later in interviews with the press. References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Belfast Harlequins rugby union players
Ireland international rugby union players
Irish rugby union players
People educated at Portadown College
Rugby union hookers
Ulster Rugby players
British & Irish Lions rugby union players from Ireland
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Ireland Wolfhounds international rugby union players
Rugby union players from County Armagh

masks:
Rory David Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Best
Rory
Rory
Best