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<mask> (September 26, 1887 – February 15, 1967), better known as <mask> or <mask>, was a Spanish-born American actor and film director of the silent film era and through the 1950s. Early life and silent films
Born in Madrid, Spain, <mask> emigrated to New York in 1901 and settled in Massachusetts, where he completed his education. Although he claimed to have attended Williston Seminary in Easthampton, Massachusetts, the Archives of the school, now the Williston Northampton School, have no record of his having done so. He became a stage actor in regional theater productions. In 1912, he moved to Hollywood, California, where he was signed to Biograph Studios, and began his career in bit parts. His film debut was in Iola's Promise (1912). In 1914, <mask> began co-starring in a series of highly successful serials at Vitagraph opposite popular silent film actress Norma Talmadge.These appearances increased <mask>'s popularity with nascent filmgoers, and by 1915, he was a highly regarded matinee idol, appearing with successful actors such as Tyrone Power, Sr., Gloria Swanson, Blanche Sweet, Pola Negri, and Dorothy Gish. <mask> often was typecast in his early films as the "Latin Lover". These roles predate Rudolph Valentino's breakthrough as a "Latin Lover" in the 1921 film The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. By the early 1920s, <mask> joined film mogul Jesse Lasky's Famous Players and became one of the company's highly paid performers. In 1926, <mask> starred opposite Swedish acting legend Greta Garbo in The Temptress, and the following year, he had a starring role in the enormous box-office hit It with Clara Bow. Sound films
With the advent of sound films in the late 1920s and early 1930s, <mask>'s career began to falter, in part because of his heavy Spanish accent. While still acting in English language films, <mask> began taking parts in Mexican films.During the early 1930s, <mask> directed several well-received Mexican films, including the 1932 drama Santa, which has been hailed by film critics as one of the best Mexican films of the era. By the mid-1930s, he began rebuilding his faltering Hollywood career by taking notable roles as a character actor. By the mid-1940s and throughout the 1950s, <mask> appeared in a number of well-received roles, most notably, his 1954 role in the classic horror film Creature from the Black Lagoon and his 1955 role as Emilio Figueroa in film director John Ford's epic The Searchers. Personal life
On January 27, 1923, <mask> married American heiress Daisy Emma Canfield in Los Angeles, California. They moved to an estate known as Crestmount. The union lasted 10 years and ended shortly before she was killed in an automobile accident on February 23, 1933. Death and legacy
<mask> died at his home in Beverly Hills, California, on February 15, 1967, aged 78.He was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park cemetery in Glendale, California. His film career spanned more than four decades. In 1994, the Mexican magazine Somos published its list of "The 100 best movies of the cinema of Mexico" in its 100th edition and named the 1931 <mask> directed Santa its 67th choice. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, <mask> was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6651 Hollywood Blvd., Hollywood, California. Prince (1914, Short) as Prunella's Brother
 Fogg's Millions (1914, Short)
 The Song of the Ghetto (1914, Short) as Mario Amato - the Composer
 John Rance, Gentleman (1914, Short) as Dr. John Rance
 Men and Women (1914, Short) as Man in Kirke's Office (uncredited)
 Memories in Men's Souls (1914, Short) as Graham's Son
 The Hidden Letters (1914, Short) as John Reynolds
 Politics and the Press (1914, Short) as John Marsden - the Newspaper Editor
 The Loan Shark King (1914, Short) as Harry Graham
 The Peacemaker (1914, Short) as Jack Strong
 Under False Colors (1914, Short) as Pvt. "<mask>, Silent-Film Star," The New York Times, February 16, 1967. Bodeen, Dewitt."<mask>," Films in Review, June–July, 1967. Menefee, David W.  The First Male Stars: Men of the Silent Era. Albany: Bear Manor Media, 2007. "Public Pleased by Vitagraph’s Move to Return <mask> to Feature Films," The Moving Picture World. New York: Chalmers Publishing Company. December 25, 1920. Virginia, Violet."<mask> of the Vitagraph Players," Motion Picture Magazine, December 1914. Pages 103-105. External links

 <mask> at Silents Are Golden
Some contemporary articles and interviews with <mask>
Photographs and literature

1887 births
1967 deaths
Williston Northampton School alumni
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male silent film actors
20th-century Spanish male actors
Male Western (genre) film actors
Male actors from Madrid
Spanish emigrants to the United States
20th-century American male actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)

masks:
Antonio Garrido Monteagudo
Antonio Moreno
Tony Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno
Antonio Moreno


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<mask> (13 May 1804 – 25 January 1870) born Jane Ann Ionn, was an English astronomer, navigation expert, mathematician, and meteorologist. She published various works on astronomy and navigation, founded an academy for the teaching of these subjects, and ran a warehouse focused on the distribution, production and repair of navigational instruments. Her Academy was highly regarded and recommended by the East India Company, Trinity House, and the Admiralty. In recognition of her work, she was awarded medals by the Kings of Prussia and the Kings of the Netherlands, and her rule for calculating latitude from altitudes was described as "ingenious". <mask> was one of the very few women working as a scientific instrument maker in London in the 19th century. Her "Mariner's Calculator", patented in 1834, was dismissed by the Admiralty. Early life
<mask> was born in Wolsingham, England to Reverend Peter Ionn and Jane Deighton, being the sixth born of the family of eight.Her father was master of the Free Grammar School, which was one of the few north county schools that included navigation in its curriculum, and he allowed Jane Ann to attend both the basic grammar school and theoretical navigation tuition. At the age of nine, she gained a scholarship to  to attend Queen Charlotte’s school, Royal School for Embroidering Females, in Ampthill, Bedfordshire, where all the students started at the age of fourteen. After her father's death, Jane Ann continued her education with theoretical navigation studies. Her father's passing left her with a good fortune, which she invested wholeheartedly into a career in nautical education, a male dominated field at the time. In 1821, she worked for her older brother's business, managing all his finances with ease due to her amazing math skills. In 1831, she became a stepmother to <mask>'s three children. Achievements
<mask> opened her first academy, the George Taylor Nautical Academy,  in 1833 with her husband's support.This academy was strictly made for merchant service officers. During this time period she published "Luni-Solar and Horary Tables: with their application in nautical astronomy; containing an easy and correct method of finding the longitude, by lunar observations and chronometers; the latitude, by double altitudes and elapsed time, the azimuth, amplitude, and true time," which discussed calculations that were able to "reduce the lunar distance" that used a formula she derived herself. She continued her path in navigation and in 1834 received a patent for her invention of the Mariner's Calculator. The invention did not get approved by Admiralty, deeming it unworthy for the Lordships Patronage. Later on, she published a second edition of the book, "Principles of Navigation Simplified." Though, the cost of creating the second edition of this book and the Mariner's Calculator put her in a place where she was slowly draining her capital. Afterwards, she spent some time working on the formula she derived for her first published book to further improve it.Around the mid-1835, she had a child. After the improvement on the formula she derived for some time she was able to publish the second edition of the "Luni-Solar and Horary Tables," She owed much of this success to the hydrographer Francis Beaufort, who helped push for the acceptance of her work by the Naval establishment. Luni-Solar and Horary Tables
This was <mask>'s first published book, done in 1833. This book was specifically meant to simplify the calculations of astronomical navigation by using the moon instead of the sun as one's point of reference. During the time surrounding this publication, there would be a lot of criticism around finding the best way to calculate longitude while at sea. Luni-Solar and Horary Tables  would become a great success, due to <mask>'s discovery proving that the earth is spheroidal rather than spherical. Knowing how big of a contribution this discovery would make to in her field, she proceeds to use  "he" instead of "her" to refer to herself throughout the book, because of how male-dominated her field was.To pay respects to Queen Charlotte, who gave her a scholarship to her school regardless of her age, <mask> dedicated this book to King William IV, her son. King William IV was incredibly impressed by <mask>'s mathematical principles and her writing in layman's terms for young mariner's to learn, that he offered her a job as an educator for nobility. Though she declined, <mask> knew having a King impressed with her writing, would help her a lot on the road to being a respected author and educator. By the end of 1833, the first edition of Luni-Solar and Horary Tables would be reviewed in The United Service Journal, The Atlas, and The Morning Advertiser. All of which would be positive reviews, urging young mariners to use this as their basis of studying. In 1834, <mask> would publish a shorter version of Luni-Solar and Horary Tables called: The Principles of Navigation Simplified: with Luni-Solar and horary tables, and their application in Nautical Astronomy, where she would continue getting amazing reviews in famous magazines. In 1835, after getting support and a grant from the Admiralty, Trinity House, and East India Company, <mask> was able to publish the second edition of Luni-solar and Horary Tables, and soon after in 1836, she would go on to publish the third edition.By 1854, she published her seventh and last edition to this book. Being a promoted author, <mask> published a second book, An Epitome of Navigation, and Nautical Astronomy, with the Improved Lunar Tables, in 1842. This book however, she did not refer to her readers as males, using "the student" or "Practical Navigator" instead" compared to her first book. Since she has already proved herself as a woman in this extremely male-dominate field, she was no longer concerned by these simple details. She would go on to publish twelve editions of "Epitome of Navigation," by 1859. Mrs. <mask>'s Nautical Academy and Navigation Warehouse. After <mask>'s book, Luni-Solar and Horary Tables, second edition came out in 1835, and was selling good, along with the steady income from her first nautical academy, she was able to open her second academy named after her this time during late 1835.This success meant <mask> was increasingly recognized as a credible mathematician and entrepreneur. Mrs. <mask>'s Nautical Academy and Navigation Warehouse offered training in all subjects a mariner would need: "a complete course on Navigation, including Trigonometry, and its application to Navigation. Another course was Algebra, Geometry, Physical Geography in relation to the velocity of tides, waves, etc. Mechanics including the Composition of Forces, Mechanical

powers, the Laws of Motion, the strength of strain, of materials; wind, rain, steam powers, Atmospheric and Oceanic Phenomena... and so it continued....". During the late 1830's and 40's, her academies would be advertised by The Shipping and Mercantile Gazette and the London Shipping Gazette. <mask>'s second academy had a very large and positive impact on the young English mariners. So much so that the expansion of her second nautical academy was endorsed by organizations like: the Admiralty, the Trinity House, and the East India Company.This expansion allowed her to house pupils who would not have been able to attend otherwise. Inventions
<mask>, before anything was an instrument maker, and established herself as such. 1838 was when her first advertisements for her very own chronometers were appearing. After her discovery that the Earth was spheroidal, <mask> would create and adjust compasses, sextants, binnacles, and other nautical tools to keep up with this new discovery and the principles that came with it. The Mariner's compass, while not endorsed by the Admiralty, could be considered <mask>'s "most notable" invention. In 1850, <mask> developed and designed a quintant for the Prince of Wales, who would later become King Edward VII, specifically made for royalty with space at the bottom for Prince Edward's three-feathered family crest. A year.later, Prince Albert decided to host the Great Exhibition of 1851, which would really boost <mask> among 15,000 male inventors. There she presented her "bronze binnacle, with compass, designed from the water lily." For three years following the Great Exhibition of 1851, <mask> would continue to develop many binnacles, by performing experiments consisting of swinging ships back and forth across the Thames and recording the compass actions. She would then explain these results in a letter to astronomer George Biddell Airy in 1854. This letter would lead to a great professional relationship between Airy and <mask> for a while to come. In 1856, <mask> invented another nautical instrument consisting of an attachment for sextants and quadrants, called sea artificial horizon. In 1862, <mask> presented a newly innovated sextant and her mariner's compass at the 1862 London International Exhibition of Industry and Art.Her developed sextant was incredibly popular with the public. Later life
1853 was the start of hapless events for Mrs. <mask>, starting with her husband, <mask>'s, death. and then both of her senior employees leaving her to start their businesses. From 1860, <mask> began to receive a Civil List Pension of £50 per year, and around this year her nautical academy changed its name to Mrs Janet Taylor and Co, turning her academy into a company. In 1863, she published the sixth edition of Directions To The Planisphere Of The Stars, but unfortunately that was still not enough to help with her financial troubles. In 1864, <mask> declared bankruptcy and left London as a whole, in 1866. By 1870 she became ill. During this time she was with her sister Joyce and her husband the Rev.Matthew Chester. On the 26th of January in 1870, Mrs. <mask> died of bronchitis. On her death certificate, her occupation is stated as "Teacher of Navigation." Works
Lunar Tables for Calculating Distances
Luni-Solar and Horary Tables
Principles of Navigation Simplified
Epitome of Navigation
Directions To The Planisphere Of The Stars, With Introductory Remarks on The Stellar and Planetary Systems

References

Further reading

Rose, Laura (2014). Poppy's with Honour. AuthorHouse. p. 87.Croucher, John S. & Rosalind F. Mistress of Science. p.60. Great Exhibition London, England. 1851. Official catalogue of the Great exhibition of the works of industry of all nations, 1851. 2nd ed. London: Spicer Brothers.320 pp. 49. External links

1804 births
1870 deaths
19th-century British astronomers
Women astronomers
19th-century British women scientists

masks:
Janet Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
George Taylor
Janet Taylor
Janet Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Janet Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Janet Taylor
Janet Taylor
Janet Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Janet Taylor
Taylor
George Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Janet Taylor


texts:
<mask> (born 1 April 1946) is an Italian former professional football coach. He was twice manager of AC Milan (1987–1991, 1996–1997), with great success. He won the Serie A title in his 1987–88 debut season and then dominated European football by winning back to back European Cups in 1989 and 1990. From 1991 to 1996, he was head coach of the Italy national team and led them to the 1994 FIFA World Cup Final, where they lost to Brazil in a penalty shoot-out. <mask> is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all-time and his Milan side (1987–1991) is widely regarded to be one of the greatest club sides to ever play the game, and by some to be the greatest of all-time. <mask> was never a professional football player and for many years worked as a shoe salesman. This led to his famous quote directed at those who questioned his qualifications: "I never realised that in order to become a jockey you have to have been a horse first."Another famous <mask> quote is that "football is the most important of the least important things in life." Career

Early career
<mask> had grown up watching attacking sides, such as Budapest Honvéd, Real Madrid, Brazil and the Netherlands. He started his career managing his local club, Baracca Lugo, because he was not good enough to play for them. Of the challenge he faced, <mask> said, "I was twenty-six, my goalkeeper was thirty-nine and my centre-forward was thirty-two. I had to win them over." He next coached at Bellaria before joining Cesena, who were in the Serie B, as a youth team coach. He then took over at Rimini who were playing in the Serie C1, and almost led them to a title.He received his breakthrough when he moved to Fiorentina as a youth coach. His achievements with the youth team earned interest from Parma, who were then playing in Serie C1. He led Parma to promotion in his first season, and in the following season took them to within 3 points of promotion to Serie A. Of greater importance to his time at Parma, however, was the team's performance in the Coppa Italia; they beat AC Milan 1–0 in the group stages, and beat them again 1–0 on aggregate in the first knockout round. This was enough to attract interest from Milan club owner Silvio Berlusconi, who promptly appointed <mask> as manager. AC Milan
At Milan, <mask> again faced problems of credibility. The press argued that such an inadequate player could never go on to be a successful coach, and that even Berlusconi – who had played football at amateur level – was probably a better player.<mask>, however, coined a witty term in response: "I never realised that in order to become a jockey you have to have been a horse first." <mask> was an instant success at the San Siro, leading Milan to its first Serie A title in nine years in his debut season, following up the league title with a Supercoppa Italiana in 1988. <mask>'s success at Milan gained him two back-to-back European Cups. The success he gained was largely attributed to the Dutch trio he had purchased: Marco van Basten, Ruud Gullit and Frank Rijkaard. However, other great players such as Roberto Donadoni, as well as the defensive back four of Franco Baresi, Alessandro Costacurta, Mauro Tassotti and Paolo Maldini, were also a key to his success. The first European Cup final in 1989 was against Steaua București, who were beaten resoundingly 4–0. Gullit and Van Basten scored two goals each and Milan lifted the European Cup for the first time in over 20 years.En route to the final, Milan had dispatched Real Madrid 6–1 on aggregate in the semi-final, a result which almost represented the passing of the mantle for best European club. The quarter-final against Werder Bremen was a tight affair; Milan only went through 1–0 on aggregate thanks to a Van Basten penalty. The second round was shrouded in controversy. Donadoni had his life saved only through the quick-thinking of the Red Star Belgrade physio, who broke his jaw to make a passage for oxygen to reach his lungs after he had suffered a bad foul and lay unconscious. The first leg ended in a 1–1 draw and the second leg got called off in 64th minute and rescheduled to be replayed the next day due to the thick fog (Milan was losing 0–1 at the moment). Milan eventually progressed following a penalty shoot-out. Although the team was not as strong as they had been in the previous season, they were victorious again in 1990.After victories against HJK Helsinki, Real Madrid and KV Mechelen, Milan defeated German giants Bayern Munich in the semi-final, thanks to an away goal. The Dutch magic worked again in the final, as Frank Rijkaard scored the only goal of the game through a Van Basten assist to conquer Sven-Göran Eriksson's Benfica. By winning the final, Milan became the first team which retained the title since 1980, and the last team to do so until Real Madrid would manage to achieve this feat 27 years later. <mask> would also capture back to back European Super Cups and Intercontinental Cups in 1989 and 1990, and would lead Milan to the final of the 1989–90 Coppa Italia, where they were defeated by Juventus. The following season saw them defeated by eventual runners-up Marseille in the quarter-final, and finish second in Serie A behind Sampdoria, while they were eliminated in the semi-finals of the Coppa Italia by eventual champions Roma. This was <mask>'s last season with i Rossoneri. Italy national team
In November 1991, <mask> was appointed manager of the Italy national team, replacing Azeglio Vicini.<mask> based his Italian selection predominantly on Milan players, especially in the defensive line which featured Paolo Maldini and Franco Baresi; the attacking line was led by talismanic 1993 Ballon d'or winner Roberto Baggio of Juventus. Notable exclusions from <mask>'s Azzurri selections, however, included Gianluca Vialli, Roberto Mancini, Giuseppe Bergomi and Walter Zenga. <mask> successfully led Italy through the qualification campaign to reach the 1994 FIFA World Cup. Despite not being among the favourites and losing their first match 1–0 to the Republic of Ireland, Italy reached the final (their first since 1982), where they were defeated by Brazil in a penalty shoot-out, the first ever shootout in a World Cup final. Under <mask>, Italy qualified for UEFA Euro 1996, but were eliminated from a group which included the eventual finalists, Germany and the Czech Republic. Later coaching and executive career
After leaving his position with the national team, <mask> returned to Milan to replace Óscar Tabárez in December 1996. However, the second spell was unsuccessful with Milan finishing 11th in the league and suffering its worst ever Serie A defeat, losing 6–1 at home to eventual champions Juventus.<mask> had brief spells in the Spanish La Liga, taking charge of Atlético Madrid in 1998 after his second spell with the Rossoneri, where he left his post in March of that season, with them languishing in the bottom half of the table. He also briefly returned to Parma in 2001, replacing Alberto Malesani, but soon resigned after disappointing results, and was replaced by Renzo Ulivieri. He later returned to Madrid, this time at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium as director of football at Real Madrid for the 2004–05 season. Management style, reception, and influence
Nicknamed "The Prophet of Fusignano", <mask> is regarded as one of the greatest managers of all-time. He favored a fluid, yet highly organised attacking 4–4–2 formation, discarding the traditional libero in an era where Italian football was mainly focussed on strong defensive play, and Helenio Herrera's Catenaccio tactics were still a strong influence. Defensively, <mask>'s teams adopted a zonal marking system, which had already been introduced by his predecessor Nils Liedholm, and were known for their defensive strength, conceding few goals; indeed, the defensive quartet of Maldini, Baresi, Costacurta, and Tassotti, which <mask> deployed both at Milan and with the Italy national team, is regarded as one of the greatest defences of all-time. <mask> believes in the Dutch concept of Total Football, insisting that young players should be coached in all aspects of football rather than into specialist positions, helping the team both with or without the ball.He was also a firm believer in team ethic and treating all players as equals, once saying, "The only way you can build a side is by getting players who speak the same language and can play a team game. You can’t achieve anything on your own, and if you do, it doesn’t last long. I often quote what Michelangelo said: 'The spirit guides the hand.'" To perfect his team's cohesion, <mask> introduced "shadow play", where his players would simulate a match in training without a football. As a coach, he also attracted controversy, as he was known for implementing a strict and rigorous training regime upon his players, and his teams were often known for their work ethic and discipline. <mask> is also remembered for his outspokenness, stubbornness and his meticulous, obsessive attention to detail when preparing tactical solutions and perfecting plays, which his players were then expected to memorise and implement consistently during matches. <mask> is also credited as an innovator, popularising high pressing from his teams, the offside trap, and a high defensive line with no more than 25 metres between defence and attack.This style of pressing has been emulated successfully by José Mourinho's Porto, Pep Guardiola's Barcelona, Jürgen Klopp's Borussia Dortmund and Jupp Heynckes's Bayern Munich. His successor at Milan, Fabio Capello, retained <mask>'s tactics and went on to win four Scudetti in five seasons and the 1993–94 Champions League. Spanish coach Rafael Benítez – who won the UEFA Cup and La Liga with Valencia, the UEFA Champions League and FA Cup with Liverpool, the FIFA Club World Cup with Internazionale and the UEFA Europa League with Chelsea – cites <mask> as his role model and "the coach who has revolutionised football in the past 50 years". Career statistics

Honours
Parma
Serie C1: 1985–86

Milan
Serie A: 1987–88
Supercoppa Italiana: 1988
European Cup: 1988–89, 1989–90
European Super Cup: 1989, 1990
Intercontinental Cup: 1989, 1990
Coppa Italia Runners-up: 1989–90

Italy
FIFA World Cup Runners-up: 1994
Individual
Seminatore d'Oro: 1988, 1989
World Soccer Awards Manager of the Year: 1989
Greatest Manager of All Time – one of 5 managers ranked top 10 by France Football, World Soccer and ESPN
3rd place (France Football): 2019
6th place (World Soccer): 2013
6th place (ESPN): 2013
European Coach of the Year—Sepp Herberger Award: 1989
European Coach of the Season: 1989–90
Italian Football Hall of Fame: 2011

References

1946 births
Living people
People from the Province of Ravenna
Italian footballers
A.C. Bellaria Igea Marina players
Italian football managers
Rimini F.C. 1912 managers
Parma Calcio 1913 managers
A.C. Milan managers
Italy national football team managers
Atlético Madrid managers
Serie A managers
La Liga managers
UEFA Champions League winning managers
1994 FIFA World Cup managers
UEFA Euro 1996 managers
Italian expatriate football managers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate football managers in Spain
Association footballers not categorized by position

masks:
Arrigo Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi
Sacchi


texts:
<mask>  (1880–1947) is the pen name of an author or group of authors who remained anonymous and who published a book about funding of the Nazi Party by American bankers between 1929 and 1933. The book's Dutch title De geldbronnen van het Nationaal-Socialisme: drie gesprekken met Hitler refers to three conversations <mask> said Sydney would have had with Adolf Hitler. The original states that the text was "Door Sydney Warburg, vertaald door J.G. Schoup" (By <mask>, translated by J.G. Schoup). Publication history
The original version of this book was published in 1933 under the title De geldbronnen van het nationaal-socialisme, 3 gesprekken met Hitler (Financial origins of national socialism) in the Netherlands. According to Jean Gustave Schoup (sometimes spelled as Jan Gustaaf Schoup) the original text had been provided by <mask> and J.G.Schoup had translated this text English into Dutch. After the book came out the Dutch publisher learned from various sources that no "Sydney Warburg" existed in the New York <mask> family and called back all copies from book dealers and destroyed the whole edition. A German version exists with the title: So wurde Hitler finanziert, Das verschollene Dokument von Sidney Warburg über die internationalen Geldgeber des Dritten Reiches, herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Ekkehard Franke-Gricksch, Verlag Diagnosen, Leonberg 1983, . The original Dutch text was republished in 2008 together with an introduction by Karl Hammer Kaatee. Book summary
The so-called "Sydney Warburg", presented by the translator of 1933 as the son of a great American banker of Kuhn, Loeb & Co (Felix Warburg), describes a meeting had taken place in July 1929 with a "Carter" (John Ridgley Carter, who married Alice Morgan) the president of JP Morgan's Guarantee Trust, the leaders of the Federal Reserve, "the young Rockefeller" – John D. Rockefeller Jr. – and "Glean from Royal Dutch" (Henri Deterding). It was decided that <mask> who spoke German, had to travel to Germany and ask Hitler how much money he needed to become head of state. The only condition was that Hitler would take an "aggressive foreign policy".The intention of the sponsors of Warburg is not to cause a war between France and Germany, but to cause a threat of war on France for engagement as possible to support the financial affairs of the United States and Great Britain. "Sydney Warburg" details three meetings with Hitler between 1929 and 1933. In total approximately $32 million were transferred to the NSDAP. 1929
The first meeting took place in a brewery and Hitler calculated his needs on a sheet of paper with the help of a Von Heydt. It appears from the book that Hitler would have received nearly $10 million in 1929. This was a very significant amount in this time of economic depression – the Nazis gave food and shelter to many supporters. Hitler was not informed of the reason for their help and did not ask.On one occasion he would have asked out loud if "Warburg" was himself Jewish, but had rejected the idea before he could answer. 1931
In October 1931, Warburg received a letter informing him that Hitler had spent all the 10 million and needed new financing. Back in Germany, he met Hitler again in his home where he asked "500 million marks to make a revolution or 200 million marks for acquiring power legally". Warburg, having telegraphed its bankers received a refusal message. He is visited by Hermann Göring and Julius Streicher and literally gets caught in part by Göring who accuses him of avarice. After having complained to Hitler about the behavior of his lieutenant, he received a letter of apology from Göring and next a visit from Von Heydt and Gregor Strasser. He eventually passes on the final response of its sponsors: $15 million at most.The amount is divided into three transfers: one at Mendelsohn & Co., Amsterdam, where he travels to with Von Heydt, the other in the Rotterdamsche Bankvereniging, Rotterdam, where he goes to with Gregor Strasser, and the at third Banca Italiana in Rome with Göring. In Rome, Italo Balbo and Cesare Rossi receive them, he and Göring. 1933
Warburg is in Berlin on the day of the Reichstag fire. On the evening of that day he meets Göring and Goebbels, and finally he met Hitler. Hitler asks again if he is a Jew but he responds by saying that he has a German name. Warburg promises Hitler $7 million payable directly to Warburg via Rhenania Joint Stock Co., the German branch of Royal Dutch in Düsseldorf. The book concludes with considerations by Warburg about predicting anything good on the consequences of these money transfers: The world continues to suffer under a system that has to bow to a Hitler to keep itself on its feet.Poor world, poor humanity!. The NSDAP and Hitler came to power. Epilogue
The book concludes with an unsigned epilogue that has been written in 1946. This epilogue was not written by <mask>. In the epilogue it has been mentioned that Joseph Goebbels wrote the following in his diary Von Kaiserhof zur Reichskanzlei on February 20, 1933: "We are in the process of raising significant funds which will resolve our financial problems at once." However, it is unclear whether this jubilant exclamation from Goebbels refers to the Sydney Warburg transaction. Analysis
The book that has been published under the pseudonym <mask>, De Geldbronnen van het nationaal Socialisme: drie gesprekken met Hitler (Funding of National Socialism: Three Conversations with Hitler), published by Van Holkema & Warendorf's Uitg.-Mij.NV disappeared almost immediately from bookstores. This book dealt with funding received by the Nazi Party in 1929, 1931 and 1933. Franz von Papen recommends the book in his memoirs that were published in 1953. Henry Coston wrote in 1975 that Otto Strasser alone is the author. The editor of the English version of Hitler's Secret Backers wrote in 1983 that the original edition of this book might have been a warning by an individual member of the <mask> family against the coming European war. Pierre de Villemarest wrote in 1984 that the pseudonym <mask> could refer to Georg Bell, a German engineer acting as an agent of Henri Deterding, or the brothers Otto Strasser and Gregor Strasser. According to what E.R.Carmin wrote in 1994 the book is a factual testimony as to Des Griffin. In the introduction of the 2008 edition Karl Hammer Kaatee wrote that J.G. Schoup's son had admitted that J.G. Schoup had published under a pseudonym what he had learned himself as a spy about Hitler's financial backers. The author Ben Peri evokes the theme in a pamphlet published in 2011. According to what the journalist Louis Kilzer wrote in 2011, James Paul <mask> is the person named in the book as intermediary, that he is the perpetrator or not. Cees van Hoore described Jean Gustave Schoup in 2014 as follows: ''Schoup was not only a talented writer but also a crook who boasted about his contacts inside the German Sicherheitsdienst.He told the resistance that he could liberate arrested resisters by paying ransom to these German contacts. However, Schoup kept the money for himself. I think this is why Schoup has been liquidated in 1944.' Jasper Wielaert proved previously in 2014 that Schoup, aiming to profit, did indeed cunningly deceive the resistance. Nevertheless, he also arranged hiding places for Jewish people. Above that Jasper Wielaert makes it thoroughly clear that corrupt members of the Rotterdam resistance in 1944–1945 were equally involved in seeking financial gain. Wielaert hints that the individuals involved in the assassination may have been interested in murdering him not just because of his scams, but for their own very personal reasons.Denial
For Jacques Attali, the <mask>burg in question, posing the son of <mask>, <mask> is imaginary, from which no one has carried this name of <mask> It will be worth many family denials and false pamphleteer published in Amsterdam will be awarded to a Dutch journalist scandal. The book was the subject of an indignant denial in 1949, as a signed declaration (an affidavit) by James Paul <mask>, son of one of the two <mask> brothers implicated in the book. See also

<mask> approximates about another later book whose provenance is uncertain repeating verbatim the thesis summarizing and adding the financing of international communism by international finance : Symphony in red. References

Conspiracy theories
1933 essays
German memoirists
Pseudonymous writers
Books about Nazism
Forgers
Impostors

masks:
Sydney Warburg
Warburg
Sydney Warburg
Sydney Warburg
Warburg
Warburg
Sydney Warburg
Sydney Warburg
Warburg
Sydney Warburg
Warburg
Sydney War
Felix Warburg
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Sydney
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<mask> (born <mask>, July 6, 1923 – October 21, 1965) was an American singer and actress known as "The Body Beautiful" and later nicknamed "The Body". Early life
Born  in Burgin, Kentucky, <mask> was the daughter of Evertt "Ed" Frye and <mask> (née <mask>) who performed in the Ziegfeld Follies. After her parents divorced, she eventually moved with her mother and stepfather to Yonkers, New York. At the age of 15, she began competing in numerous beauty pageants and was named "The Queen of Coney Island", "Miss Yonkers" and "Miss Loew's Paradise". At the age of 15, she dropped out of school and began modeling. In 1939, <mask> was named "Miss New York State". Later that same year, she debuted in George White's Scandals of 1939.The following year, at age 17, she landed a showgirl role in the Broadway production at the Earl Carroll Theatre called Earl Carroll's Vanities. Shortly thereafter, she moved to Hollywood hoping to develop a career in show business. She continued modeling and continued to work for the owner of the Broadway theatre as a showgirl at his Sunset Boulevard nightclub. Career
After auditioning for Tommy Dorsey in December 1940, she joined Dorsey & His Orchestra on his radio show and she later performed with other big bands. Dorsey suggested that she change her last name from "Frye" to her mother's maiden name "<mask>", which she used professionally for the rest of her life. In 1942, she was put under contract by Universal for $75 a week and immediately appeared in several minor roles. That year, she appeared in three motion pictures, most notably, Pardon My Sarong, which earned her the nickname "The Body" for her shapely physique.She was eventually dropped by Universal and signed with Paramount Pictures, earning $100 a week. While at Paramount, <mask> appeared in Lucky Jordan (1942). The following year, she was lent to Republic Pictures, where she co-starred in A Scream in the Dark, a "B" detective mystery that met with reasonable success. During World War II, <mask> became one of Hollywood's most popular pin-up girls and posed for the United States military magazine, Yank. While she initially did not mind being called "The Body", <mask> soon grew tired of the nickname and focus on her body and expressed a desire to be known for her acting and singing skills. She returned to Paramount where she appeared in supporting roles. In 1944, <mask> co-starred in Guest in the House, in which she received the first positive reviews in her career.Her next starring role came when she worked for independent producer Edward Small as the title character in the 1945 screwball comedy Getting Gertie's Garter. In 1947, <mask> signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and co-starred with Gene Kelly in Living in a Big Way (1947). <mask> and Kelly did not get along while shooting and the film was a financial failure. <mask> bought out the rest of her contract at MGM and went to Columbia Pictures where she appeared in a supporting role in Tell It to the Judge (1949). In 1950, <mask> appeared in Once a Thief and Hit Parade of 1951, which would be her final films for the next eight years. For the remainder of the 1950s, <mask> focused on theatre and music. <mask> recorded an LP for RCA Victor in 1957, The Body Sings, backed by Hal Borne and His Orchestra, which consisted of twelve standard ballads.She also toured the world in a very successful nightclub act. She returned to the screen in 1958, when she was cast as actress Lola Livingston in The Geisha Boy, a slapstick comedy, opposite Jerry Lewis. In 1963, she made her last film appearance in the sex comedy Promises! Promises!, opposite Jayne Mansfield. Personal life
<mask>'s seven marriages and various romances kept her in the media throughout her career. <mask>'s first marriage was to sportswriter Richard Allord in 1940. The marriage was annulled after three weeks.In January 1943, <mask> married her agent, Victor Orsatti, in Reno, Nevada. They divorced in May 1947. While awaiting her divorce from Orsatti, <mask> had an affair with mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel. Siegel reportedly dumped <mask> because of her chronic tardiness. <mask>'s third and fourth marriages were to millionaire shoe manufacturer Harry Karl. They initially married in September 1947. After <mask> suffered several miscarriages, the couple adopted two children, Denice and Harrison.They separated in August 1954 and were divorced that November. Shortly thereafter, the couple announced that they would remarry. By January 1955 however, <mask> claimed that plans to remarry were "all off" because she discovered she was allergic to Karl. Despite this claim, <mask> and Karl remarried in Arizona in June 1955. They separated in March 1956 and, in May, Karl filed for divorce claiming that <mask> had beat him, causing him "grievous mental suffering". At the time of their separation, <mask> was pregnant with the couple's first biological child. Karl dropped the divorce suit in June.In July, <mask> filed for divorce from Karl and was granted an interlocutory divorce decree later that month but their divorce was never finalized. Their daughter, <mask>, was born in September 1956. During their separation, <mask> dated Michael Wilding. <mask> and Karl reconciled again in 1957 but separated again in December 1957. They divorced for good on April 16, 1958. Karl would go on to marry actress Debbie Reynolds. During her final separation from Karl, <mask> began dating George Capri.Capri was one of the owners of the Flamingo Las Vegas. On June 12, 1958, Capri accompanied <mask> to the hospital after she accidentally overdosed on sleeping pills while the two were staying in Las Vegas. The following month, <mask> told the media that the two planned to marry after Capri's divorce. They broke up in September 1958. On May 23, 1959, <mask> married television executive Louis Bass in Las Vegas. She filed for divorce after ten months, charging Bass with "mental cruelty". On August 6, 1961, she married banker and attorney Edward Callahan in Las Vegas.On September 17, 1962, Callahan filed suit in Los Angeles asking for a divorce from <mask> for mental cruelty or that the marriage be annulled due to fraud. Callahan claimed that the two had only lived together for two days because <mask> had no intention of making a home with him or having his children. Callahan also charged that <mask> would not convert to Roman Catholicism. <mask> counter sued dismissing Callahan's claim, stating that they had lived together until September 7. She also claimed that Callahan had committed adultery and borrowed $2600 from her to finance their wedding and honeymoon which he did not repay. <mask> married for the sixth time to Donald Taylor in 1963. They met while <mask> was appearing in Promises, Promises, the final film which Taylor produced.They remained married until <mask>'s death. Alleged kidnapping

On January 4, 1957, <mask>'s mother phoned police claiming that a man who sounded "nervous" called her at her home in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles at around 12 a.m. and told her that he had abducted <mask> from her Los Angeles home. <mask>'s mother went to her daughter's house and discovered a note in the mailbox instructing her not to call the police and that "they" would be in touch with her. Approximately two hours later, <mask>'s then estranged husband Harry Karl also received a call from a male who sounded "like a nervous young kid" also informing him not to call police if he wanted to see <mask> alive again. While <mask> was supposedly being held by her abductors at another home, she telephoned her agent Harold Plant, actor Michael Wilding (whom she was dating at the time), and columnist Harrison Carroll. <mask> told Carroll that two men kidnapped her from her house, demanded that she give them her ring and money and gave her "a shot of something". <mask> later said one of the men discovered her making the call to Carroll; he then took the phone from her, slapped her, blindfolded her and loaded her into a car.According to <mask>, the two men drove with her for some time and discussed taking her to a house in Mexico but, after hearing reports of her kidnapping on the radio, decided against this idea and dumped her on the side of the road. On January 5, a truck driver discovered <mask> on a highway near Indio, California. After being rescued, <mask> told police that on January 4, "two swarthy men" came to her house brandishing a sawed-off gun demanding that she open the door or they would shoot into the bedrooms of her children. After entering the home, <mask> said the two men took some jewelry, prepared a note and discussed demanding a $30,000 ransom for her return. The men then allowed <mask> to put on a robe and slippers and pack a small carrying case. They then forced <mask> into their car where she claimed she was blindfolded and driven to a home. At the home, <mask> said the men forced her to swallow pills which made her drowsy.She also claimed that she was able to make the three phone calls when the men left the room. A doctor who examined <mask> discovered she had two cracked teeth, bruises on her face and abrasions on her neck, legs and cheek but was otherwise unharmed. The doctor concluded that <mask>'s injuries were not consistent with the supposed assault she claimed the two men inflicted on her. Police immediately began to doubt <mask>'s story, which changed several times. Those doubts were furthered when it was discovered that the newspapers which the two supposed abductors used to construct the note found in <mask>'s mailbox were found in <mask>'s fireplace. Upon searching <mask>'s home, police found a copy of the novel The Fuzzy Pink Nightgown, by Sylvia Tate. The book tells the story of a movie star who is kidnapped by two men.One investigator noticed that details in the book matched <mask>'s story. Police then asked <mask> to undergo a polygraph test but her lawyer refused. <mask> agreed to reenact the abduction which the police filmed. <mask>'s estranged husband Harry Karl also doubted the story and claimed <mask> was "not a well woman". He also said that he doubted that two men would have easily abducted her as she would have surely fought back. <mask> then accused Karl of orchestrating the abduction for publicity purposes (Karl denied this, calling <mask>'s claims "absurd and ridiculous"). She later admitted that she made up Karl's alleged involvement.After investigating the alleged kidnapping, police admitted that they could find no conclusive evidence that the event took place, due to "perplexing discrepancies". On January 16, a grand jury convened to investigate the kidnapping. <mask> testified that her story changed frequently because she was in shock when she gave her initial statement and had been taking sedatives when she gave other statements. After weighing the evidence, the grand jury could not come up with any conclusive evidence to bring charges against anyone. Death
On October 21, 1965, <mask>'s sixth husband, Donald F. Taylor, found <mask>'s body slumped over her dressing table in their Hidden Hills, California home. On October 30, the coroner announced that <mask>'s death was caused by "active drug intoxication due to multiple drugs" and was determined to be an accident or a suicide. The case was then referred to a suicide team of psychologists and psychiatrists who would determine the final mode of <mask>'s death.<mask>'s funeral was held on October 23 at the Church of the Recessional at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale in Glendale, California. Her remains were interred in the Freedom Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale. In December 1965, the suicide team classified her death as "accidental" after determining that <mask> likely did not choose to commit suicide. Three months after <mask>'s death, on January 3, 1966, her widower, Donald F. Taylor, died of an intentional overdose of Seconal. <mask>'s three surviving children were raised by Harry Karl (her former husband) and his wife, Debbie Reynolds. On May 4, 1967, <mask>'s father, Evertt "Ed" Frye, committed suicide by a self-inflicted gunshot to the head in the garage of his New Smyrna Beach, Florida home. Filmography

References

External links

1923 births
1965 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Accidental deaths in California
Actresses from Kentucky
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Drug-related deaths in California
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Paramount Pictures contract players
People from Mercer County, Kentucky
RCA Victor artists
Traditional pop music singers
20th-century American singers
Singers from Kentucky
20th-century American women singers
1965 suicides

masks:
Marie McDonald
Cora Marie Frye
McDonald
Marie Taboni
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
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<mask> (Vilassar de Dalt, September 10, 1850 – Barcelona, 1920) was a Catalan modernisme artist. He was one of the less known painters in the late 19th century and early 20th century in Catalonia, Spain. He was born in Vilassar de Dalt on September 10, 1850. He died in Barcelona in 1920. He is most known for performing some commissions for the Güell family, thanks to his friend and colleague, Antoni Gaudí. Early life
<mask> was born in Vilassar de Dalt, Catalonia, in 1850. Very little information is known about his personal life.He was the youngest child in a large family. He was the son of Villa Teresa Puig and Antonio Pons <mask>. He was primarily raised in Vilassar. Later, he married Gumersinda, a woman from Rues. She was a widow who was originally married to Mariano Ferré Bergues and had two children. <mask> and Gumersinda later had a daughter together, Teresa. Education
When he lived to Reus, Spain, he found his mentor and fellow painter Franco Hernandez.With a good understanding of the basic artistic skills, he went to Barcelona where he enrolled in the Escola de la Llotja where he learned from Claudi Lorenzale. Majority of <mask> <mask>' works were in opposition of Claudio Lorenzale, which led to <mask> being one of Lorenzale's favorite students. Lorenzale was active in a group called the Natzaren painters, which was a group of German painters who were led religiously by Frederick Overbeck. <mask> was a primary disciple of Friedrich Overbeck and was later appointed professor at the Escola de la Llotja. <mask> later went to Paris, France to further his education where he became a pupil of Eugène Carrière. It also is assumed that <mask> took lessons at the Academy of the Palette Utrillo. He moved to Uruguay and Rome.Where he worked on mural painting techniques. He also studied the works of Michelangelo and Raphael. <mask>’ best professional years occurred at the turn of the century. He received a minimal amount of social recognition during this time period. These accomplishments allowed him to purchase a home in the Rambla de Catalonia. He also opened a store, where he sold perfumes, gifts, and art objects. Inspiration
The amount of artwork in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were rich in Catalonia, including such artists as Santiago Rusiñol, Ramon Casas, Antonio Gaudi, and Lluis Domenech i Montaner.Many of these people were colleagues as well as competitors in the art world with <mask>. Much of Clapés’ art brought individuals closer to spirituality, mysticism, and prevailing. He quickly gained confidence. Much of his style displayed had been influenced by Overbeck. He had a very colorful palette, closest to El Greco than to Overbeck. The public's lack of interest eventually blossomed into public recognition. His talent did not go unnoticed and quickly entered the studio of S. Juan Hernandez.He specialized in drawings and paintings, who from the outset was considered one of the best and most gifted students. Career

Expo and Gaudi relationship
<mask> participated in an expo in 1888, where he began a close relationship with Antoni Gaudí. Gaudi hired him to work on the decoration of the Palau Güell in 1851. Where, he also held the position of director from 1858 to 1885. <mask> received notoriety for contributing to the paintings that decorated the halls of the palace and the great mural painting which occupied part of the front side. Despite his participation in important projects, such as the Palau Güell and La Pedrera, he enjoyed the minor recognition that his talent deserved. Antoni Gaudi's success seem to cloud <mask>' success in the involvement of these projects.Although, Gaudi's success also introduced <mask> to many opportunities that he may not have had without his close relationship with Gaudi. Furniture
Clapés artistic abilities did not limit him to painting. He also excelled in designing carpets and furniture. This included close collaboration with Ibars Josep Ribas, a furniture maker and decorator, including furnishing designs for the Asylum Hospital de Sant Pau. During the construction of Palau Güell, <mask> also "created cabinet doors inserts, including twelve copper plates that contained the representation of apostles, one of whom is believed to be his self-portrait. In the living room are also his paintings that occupy the four corners the room. These are large-scale works and innovative aesthetics that stand to adapt perfectly to the unique architecture Gaudí proposed by tracing angles and beams of the room."Magazine
Clapés established and worked at the Magazine Hispania from 1899 to 1902. The Magazine Hispania was published bimonthly to display modern art and literature. During this time, <mask> was relatively popular. He made many commissions for the wealthy people. However, he was only able to keep it open until 1903 due to the expensive method of printing. Literary competition
On August 14, 1887, a literary contest was held in Vilassar de Mar. An announcement was made on May 22, 1887 including the deadline for submission on July 31, 1887.Vilassar had adopted the model of the Floral Games of Barcelona as a catalyst for revitalization of the Catalan culture. The compositions were to be unpublished and original. It was the first organized event in Vilassar de Mar. The review panel was composed of Eduard Vidal Valenciano, Damasus Calvet, Angel Guimera, and Valentine Admiral Frederic Soler. <mask> <mask> won a prize for the best poem about "The Latin sea." It was read by Damas Calvet. Artworks
It appears that <mask> <mask>’ first works was the portrait of a famous poet, Joaquim Maria Bartins.It was later exhibited at the Reading Center of Rues. It is currently on display at the Rues City Hall. The portrait was painted during a time when Joaquim Maria Bartins was ill. It portrayed much of her pain and suffering during this time of illness. The portrait received great reviews by Lo Somatent, which was the first newspaper to be printer in Catalan Rues. He also painted a painting of Hercules on the exterior of the east side of the Palau Guell. Hercules was the mythical founder of Barcelona.Guell had an infatuation with Hercules. Hercules was present on the lateral wall parallel to the La Rambla in a large painting by <mask> <mask>. He also painted The Rapture on the walls of Palau Güell, where Hercules, the hero, had been portrayed as the main protagonist. He also painted El Prisionero. The English translation is "The Prisoner". It was charcoal drawing on the Civil War in Uruguay. He also painted El Peon (English translation: "The Pawn").It was purchased by Trotsky in Paris in 1920 for 2,000,000 francs, which was France's currency prior to the euro. It was then taken to Kremlin. Trotsky was the organizer of the Red Army and advocated for forced military drafts. <mask>' Hercules Searching for the Hesperides was painted with oil on canvas circa 1890. It was donated to Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya by Maria Lluisa Guell in 1928, but as of January 2016 is on loan to the Palau Güell. It has been selected for the project "Partage Plus – Digitising and Enabling Art Nouveau for Europeana". Allegory of Doctor Robert was painted with oil on canvas circa 1890–1902.It was donated to Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya by Pere Mila Camps in 1933 and is displayed at the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya. <mask>' Self-Portrait was painted with oil on canvas circa 1902. It was purchased by the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya in 1954. It has been selected for the project "Partage Plus – Digitising and Enabling Art Nouveau for Europeana". Portrait of Manuel Dalmau Oliveres (1864–1923) is an oil painting on canvas circa 1915–1919. It was donated to Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya by Albert Bernis in 1942. It is on display at the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya.It has also been selected for the project "Partage Plus – Digitising and Enabling Art Nouveau for Europeana". <mask>' Saint Isabel Offering the Queen’s Crown to a Beggar is an oil painting on canvas circa 1890–1895. It was donated to Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya by Pere Mila I Camps in 1933. It is stored in the archives at the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya. It has been selected for the project "Partage Plus – Digitising and Enabling Art Nouveau for Europeana." Christ and Mary Magdalene is an oil painting on canvas circa 1890–1918. It was donated to Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya by Pere Mila I Camps in 1933.It is stored in the archives at the Museu Nacional d’Art de Catalunya. It has been selected for "Partage Plus – Digitising and Enabling Art Nouveau for Europeana". References

19th-century Catalan painters
20th-century Catalan painters
1850 births
1920 deaths

masks:
Alex Clapés
Clapés
Clapés
Clapés
Aleix
Clapés
Clapés
Clapés
Clapés
Clapés
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Aleix
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<mask> of (Liu) Song ((劉)宋明帝) (9 December 439 – 10 May 472), personal name Liu Yu (劉彧), courtesy name Xiubing (休炳), nickname Rongqi (榮期), was an emperor of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. He became emperor after his violent and impulsive nephew Emperor Qianfei was assassinated in 465, as he was regarded as more lenient and open-minded at first, but he soon turned cruel and suspicious as well after becoming emperor, and during his reign, his nephews and brothers were nearly all slaughtered on his orders, greatly weakening the Liu Song state and contributing to its fall in 479, just seven years after his death. Background
Liu Yu was born in 439, as Emperor Wen's 11th son. His mother Consort Shen Rongji () was a low-ranked imperial consort with the title Meiren (). For reasons unknown, Wen once wanted to put her to death, but she convinced him that killing her would offend the spirit of his deceased wife, Empress Yuan Qigui, and she was spared. In 448, Liu Yu was created the Prince of Huaiyang. In 452, his title was changed to Prince of Xiangdong.Consort Shen died in 453, the same year that <mask> was assassinated by his crown prince Liu Shao, who took over as emperor and subsequently put a number of his brothers, including Liu Yu, under house arrest, but Liu Yu and the other brothers were released when another older brother, Liu Jun the Prince of Wuling, defeated and killed Liu Shao and took the throne himself (as Emperor Xiaowu). <mask> posthumously honored Liu Yu's mother Consort Shen as Princess Dowager of Xiangdong, and Emperor Xiaowu's mother Empress Dowager Lu Huinan took over the duties of raising Liu Yu to adulthood. As he grew, as was customary for Liu Song imperial princes, he was rotated through governorships of commanderies and provinces. Liu Yu was regarded as a kind and open-minded man, with substantial literary abilities. He was also said to be grossly overweight. During Emperor Qianfei's reign
In 464, <mask> died, and was succeeded by his son <mask>. Emperor Qianfei was impulsive and violent, and he, after discovering and brutally suppressing a plot to depose him in favor of his granduncle Liu Yigong () the Prince of Jiangxia, suspected his uncles as well, and had them returned to the capital and confined.Of his uncles, he particularly suspected Liu Yu, Liu Xiuren () the Prince of Jian'an, and Liu Xiuyou () the Prince of Shanyang, since they were the oldest. (Another even older uncle, Liu Hui () the Prince of Donghai, was considered so unintelligent that Emperor Qianfei did not view him as much of a threat.) Because these three princes were all overweight, he had them put in cages and weighed as pigs would, and because Liu Yu was the heaviest, he called Liu Yu the Prince of Pigs, Liu Xiuren the Prince of Murderers, and Liu Xiuyou the Prince of Thieves. He often humiliated Liu Yu by putting him in stables and feeding him the way that pigs would be fed. He often wanted to kill Liu Yu, Liu Xiuren, and Liu Xiuyiu, but each time Liu Xiuren flattered him and caused him to change his mind. In one particular incident, he tied Liu Yu up like how a pig would be tied up, and had him delivered to the kitchen, stating, "Today is pig-killing day." Liu Xiuren, however, stated, "This is not the pig-killing day."He angrily asked Liu Xiuren why that was the case, and Liu Xiuren stated, "After your son is born, then kill the pig and take out his entrails!" Emperor Qianfei liked Liu Xiuren's joke and did not kill Liu Yu. In winter 465, around the time that Emperor Qianfei created his second wife, Lady Lu, empress, the palace eunuchs were of insufficient number to prepare for the ceremony, so Emperor Qianfei had the eunuchs from the princes' mansions conscripted to help, and Liu Yu had his own eunuch, Qian Lansheng (), observe Emperor Qianfei's actions and report to him. Meanwhile, some attendants of Emperor Qianfei were plotting to kill him, and when he was carrying out a ghost-shooting ceremony (after dreaming of the spirit of a lady in waiting that he had killed), the attendant Shou Jizhi () killed him. (Traditional historians generally hint that Liu Yu was involved in the plot, but not having conclusive evidence, they did not state so conclusively.) With support from the officials and particularly with his brother Liu Xiuren as a major advocate, Liu Yu was declared emperor (as Emperor <mask>). Early reign: victory over Liu Zixun and loss of northern provinces
Emperor <mask> posthumously honored his mother Consort Shen as Empress Dowager Xuan but, because he was raised by <mask>'s mother Grand Empress Dowager Lu, he continued to honor her as empress dowager.He also tried to pacify the empire by promoting the various officials, his brothers, and some of his nephews. (However, he forced Emperor Qianfei's oldest younger brother Liu Zishang () the Prince of Yuzhang, and his sister Liu Chuyu the Princess Kuaiji, both born also of Empress Wang Xianyuan and both of whom participated in his ill-fated governance, to commit suicide.) He created his wife Princess Wang Zhenfeng empress. One of the nephews that he tried to promote, Liu Zixun the Prince of Jin'an, whose chief of staff Deng Wan () had just prior to Emperor Qianfei's death declared a rebellion against Emperor Qianfei, refused, and instead declared a rebellion against Emperor <mask>, in association with Yuan Yi () the governor of Yong Province (雍州, modern northwestern Hubei and southwestern Henan) and Liu Zisui's chief of staff Xun Bianzhi (). They accused Emperor <mask> of being an usurper and having unduly killed Liu Zishang. Jing Province (荊州, modern central and western Hubei) and Kuaiji Commandery (the southern shore of Hangzhou Bay), governed by Liu Zixun's brothers Liu Zixu () the Prince of Linhai and Liu Zifang () the Prince of Xunyang, also quickly rose in support. In spring 466, Deng Wan, claiming to have received a secret edict from Liu Zixun's grandmother Empress Dowager Lu Huinan, declared Liu Zixun emperor.Upon the declaration, nearly the entire empire declared for Liu Zixun, with Emperor <mask> only in control of the region immediately around the capital Jiankang. However, Liu Zixun's generals proceeded slowly, believing that Jiankang would collapse on its own due to the lack of food supply. Emperor <mask>'s general Wu Xi () was quickly able to advance east and capture Liu Zifang, taking the commanderies around Kuaiji that had declared for Liu Zixun and securing a food supply. The troops of Liu Zixun and <mask> stalemated for months in the Chaohu region, until <mask>'s general Zhang Xingshi () built a defense post at Qianxi (錢溪, in modern Chizhou, Anhui), upstream from Liu Zixun's main troops commanded by Yuan Yi and Liu Hu (), cutting off their food supplies. As Liu Hu then tried to capture Qianxi to reopen food routes, he was defeated by Zhang and Shen Youzhi, and Liu Hu and Yuan then fled, with their troops collapsing. Liu Hu fled back to Xunyang, but then left under guise that he was going to set up perimeter defenses while instead fleeing. Xunyang was left without a defense, and Deng Wan contemplated killing Liu Zixun to save himself, but instead was killed by another staff member Zhang Yue ().Shen then arrived and executed Liu Zixun, ending his rival claim. However, Emperor <mask> then grew arrogant in light of his victory. Instead of his initial policy of pardoning those who had declared for Liu Zixun, he began to deal with those who had not surrendered by this point harshly. In particular, at Liu Xiuren's suggestion, he put to death all of the still living sons of Emperor Xiaowu, accusing them (the oldest of whom was 10) of treason, along with several other officials whom he suspected of covertly supporting Liu Zixun, including Empress Dowager Lu's nephews. (Empress Dowager Lu herself had died during the war under suspicious circumstances. A rumor that the Nan Shi found reliable but indicated was not conclusively proven indicated that she had been secretly pleased about Liu Zixun's rebellion, and had tried to poison Emperor <mask> so that Liu Zixun could be successful, but Emperor <mask>, realizing her intent, poisoned her instead.) Late in 466, <mask> created his oldest son, Liu Yu (different character than his own name), crown prince.Emperor <mask>'s reprisals brought an immediate heavy toll for <mask>. When Xue Andu () the governor of Xu Province (徐州, modern northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui), who had earlier declared for Liu Zixun, tried to surrender to him, <mask>, instead of just pardoning Xue, sent a force toward Xue's defense post at Pengcheng, Xue became fearful that Emperor <mask> had no intent of pardoning him. (Indeed, <mask> did not, and was intending to lead Xue into resisting, and then wiping him out.) Instead of simply resisting, however, Xue surrendered Xu Province to rival Northern Wei. He was joined in this action by Bi Zhongjing () the governor of Yan Province (兗州, modern western Shandong), Shen Wenxiu () the governor of Qing Province (青州, modern central and eastern Shandong), and Cui Daogu () the governor of Ji Province (冀州, modern northwestern Shandong), although Shen and Cui soon changed their allegiance back to Emperor <mask>. Northern Wei forces quickly joined Xue's, and they took up defense position against the attacking forces sent by <mask>, commanded by the generals Zhang Yong () and Shen Youzhi. With Liu Song forces unable to siege Pengcheng effectively, Zhang and Shen Youzhi were forced to withdraw in spring 467, and on their retreat, Northern Wei forces commanded by Yuchi Yuan () sandwiched them with Xue, leading to a major rout.Against Shen Youzhi's protestations, Emperor <mask> ordered him to attack Pengcheng again in fall 467, and Yuchi again defeated Shen Youzhi, ending Emperor <mask>'s efforts at recapturing Xu and Yan Provinces. With Ji and Qing Provinces now completely isolated from the rest of Liu Song, they could not be supplied with fresh troops, and the Northern Wei general Murong Baiyao () forced Cui's surrender in spring 468 and captured Shen Wenxiu's defense post at Dongyang (東陽, in modern Weifang, Shandong), annexing those provinces for Northern Wei. (While Pengcheng would temporarily be taken by Emperor Wu of Liang, the rest of the territory was lost to Southern Dynasties forever.) Emperor <mask> also began to be suspicious of his brothers, and in 469, when a plot to make Liu Hui emperor was discovered, Emperor <mask> had his brother demoted and then forced him to commit suicide. He also became displeased at the increasing authorities of Liu Xiuren, and Liu Xiuren, realizing that he was being suspected, surrendered part of his authorities but could not regain Emperor <mask>'s trust. Late reign
Meanwhile, Emperor <mask>'s own conduct also began to decay. For example, in 470, he ordered officials and governors to offer him gifts, and when Sun Fengbo () the governor of Shixing Commandery (始興, roughly modern Shaoguan, Guangdong) only offered guqin and books, and not the treasures that Emperor <mask> was hoping for, he sent poison to Sun to order him to commit suicide, although he soon retracted that order.Also on one occasion, he held an imperial feast inside the palace, and ordered his ladies in waiting to strip for the guests. Empress Wang, embarrassed, covered her eyes with a fan. In anger, Emperor <mask> said, "Your household is so naïve and unaware of the world. Today everyone is trying to have fun, so why are you covering your eyes?" She responded, "There are many ways to have fun. What kind of a scene is it for aunts and sisters to gather to watch naked ladies in waiting and laugh about it? The fun that our household has is different."He became angrier and chased her away. Historical accounts, written during the succeeding Southern Qi Dynasty, indicate that Emperor <mask> was impotent, and that although he had 12 sons, those were the results of his having seized his brothers' pregnant concubines and kept the children if they bore males, or his having had his concubines have sexual relations with others. (However, the fact that Empress Wang had two daughters, although no sons, may argue against such allegations, because it appeared rather unlikely that Emperor <mask> would do this over female children—indeed, the allegations stated that he would only do this if his brothers' concubines bore males—or that the morally upright Empress Wang would engage in sexual relations with others, thus suggesting that the allegations were made to delegitimize Emperor <mask>'s sons Emperor Houfei and Emperor Shun vis-à-vis Southern Qi.) In addition, Emperor <mask> was said to be suspicious, jealous, cruel, and violent. In addition, he was also superstitious, and his officials and attendants were forced to observe a number of taboos in both language and acts. Whoever violated these taboos would be executed, often in cruel manners, including having their hearts cut open or their entrails pulled out. In 471, Emperor <mask> grew ill, and as Crown Prince Yu was only eight, he was fearful that his brothers would seize the throne, and therefore turned against them.His first target was Liu Xiuyou the Prince of Jinping, who was considered arrogant and violent and often offended Emperor <mask>. Emperor <mask> therefore, when he was out on a hunt with Liu Xiuyou, found an opportunity to have his guards push Liu Xiuyou off his horse and then pounded to death. When this news reached his youngest brother, Liu Xiuruo () the Prince of Baling, the governor of Jing Province, Liu Xiuruo's staff members suggest that he start a rebellion, particularly in light of orders for him to return to Jiankang and then take up Liu Xiuyou's old post at governor of South Xu Province (南徐州, modern western central Jiangsu), but the cautious Liu Xiuruo did not rebel, but instead reported to South Xu. Meanwhile, because the public believed that Liu Xiuren would become regent if <mask> died, the mid-level officials were all trying to ingratiate themselves with Liu Xiuren and his staff, drawing <mask>'s anger and suspicion, and he forced Liu Xiuren to commit suicide. He then summoned Liu Xiuruo back to Jiankang and forced him to commit suicide as well. The only brother who was spared with Liu Xiufan () the Prince of Guiyang, who was considered to be unvirtuous and incompetent, and therefore not viewed as a threat. Emperor <mask>'s suspicions soon turned to other officials as well.In order to test the attitude of Xiao Daocheng the governor of South Yan Province (南兗州, modern eastern central Jiangsu), he had his strategist Wu Xi deliver a pot of wine to Xiao. Xiao, believing that wine was poisoned, was about to flee to Northern Wei, when Wu revealed that the wine was not poisonous and that <mask> was merely trying to test him, and Wu drank some of the wine first to show Xiao. Xiao then drank the wine, and Wu returned to the capital and vouched for Xiao's loyalty, but his leaking of the non-poisonous nature of the wine was soon revealed. Emperor <mask>, who was already suspicious of Wu's abilities, forced him to commit suicide. In fear, Empress Wang's brother Wang Jingwen (), the commander of the armed forces, tried to resign. Emperor <mask> would not let him do so, and then, suspecting that Wang would take power after Emperor <mask>'s death, forced Wang to commit suicide in spring 472. Emperor <mask> himself died in summer 472, and was succeeded by Crown Prince Yu (as <mask>ei).

masks:
Emperor Ming
Emperor Wen
Emperor Xiaowu
Emperor Xiaowu
Emperor Qianfei
Ming
Ming
Emperor Xiaowu
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Liu Song
Emperor Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Emperor Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Ming
Emperor Houf


texts:
<mask> (born November 17, 1975) is an American horror, science fiction, and fantasy author, editor, and futurist. Biography
<mask> was born in Wilmington, Delaware on November 17, 1975. He is an Army veteran who served in the 11th Armored Cavalry Regiment at the National Training Center in Fort Irwin, California. He holds degrees in Electrical Engineering and History from Stanford, an MBA from Harvard Business School, and a Master in Public Policy from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. His Master's thesis at the Kennedy School focused on policy options for Iran's nuclear program under the supervision of former Secretary of Defense Ashton B. Carter. <mask> was a winner of the Writers of the Future Contest for his short story, "Adramelech". He was honored on April 4, 2017, at the 33rd Annual L. Ron Hubbard Achievement Awards and in the company of eleven other winners of the contest (Andrew L. Roberts, Andrew Peery, Anton Rose, C. L. Kagmi, Doug C. Souza, Dustin Steinacker, Jake Marley, <mask>, Stephen Lawson, Ville Merilainen, Walter Dinjos, and Ziporah Hildebrandt) and two finalists (David VonAllmen and Molly Elizabeth Atkins).

masks:
Sean Patrick Hazlett
Sean Patrick Hazlett
Hazlett
Sean Patrick Hazlett


texts:
<mask> (born 23 January 1979) is an English former professional footballer and Head of Coaching & Player Development  at Luton Town. As a player, he was a midfielder and forward from 1996 until 2012. Having started his career with Norwich City in 1996 he remained with the club for six years establishing himself in the Canaries' first team before moving to Luton Town in 2001. He went on to play for Swansea City, Blackpool, Millwall and Grimsby Town. Having been relegated out of the Football League with Grimsby in 2010, he was released by the club; he subsequently dropped into non-league, joining Lowestoft Town, where he remained for two seasons before retiring from competitive football in May 2012. <mask> scored the last league goal for Swansea City at the Vetch Field against Shrewsbury Town on 30 April 2005 in a 1–0 win in front of 11,469 past a young Joe Hart . He then went on to score the winning goal against Bury to secure promotion to League 1 with a volley after 15 seconds in front of 6000 travelling Swansea fans.Career

Norwich City
<mask> began his career at Norwich City in 1995. He played under several different managers in his six years at Carrow Road, including Martin O'Neill, Mike Walker and Bruce Rioch. <mask> remained with City from 1996 to 2001, he played in 131 league games, scoring 8 goals. Luton Town
In the summer of 2001 he moved to Luton Town in a £60,000 deal, and played in three seasons at Kenilworth Road, notably playing his best football under Mike Newell. Swansea City
<mask> signed for Swansea City, who were then in Football League Two, on a free transfer in 2004. In his first season at the club he was ever-present and scored seven goals. On 30 April 2005, <mask> scored Swansea's last-ever league goal at their Vetch Field stadium in a 1–0 win over Shrewsbury Town, before their move to the Liberty Stadium.The following match he scored again against Bury to earn the club automatic promotion to Football League One. Two years later, in May 2006, he was released by Swansea. <mask> claimed that there had been on-going discussions about a new contract and that he had expected to stay at the club. He reacted by saying he was "shocked and hurt" and that he left "with a very bitter taste" in his mouth about the way the club treated him. Blackpool
On 1 July he signed for Blackpool on a two-year contract with an option for a further year. In December 2006, before Blackpool played Swansea at Bloomfield Road, <mask> publicly slated Swansea manager Kenny Jackett for the manner in which he was released from the club earlier that year, stating that he was still bitter at Jackett. He scored his first goal for Blackpool on 6 March 2007, in a 2–0 win over AFC Bournemouth at Bloomfield Road.He played in Blackpool's Play-off final win over Yeovil Town at Wembley Stadium which earned the club promotion to the Football League Championship for the first time since 1978. Millwall
On 3 January 2008, after failing to establish himself in Blackpool's Championship side, <mask> signed an 18-month contract with Football League One club Millwall despite recently being managed by Kenny Jackett who released him at Swansea City over a year earlier. <mask> however only played 13 times for the club and struggled to establish himself as a first team player. Grimsby Town
<mask> signed for Grimsby Town, managed by Mike Newell, on 2 February 2009, signing on loan until the end of the 2008–2009 season. In his second game he scored an overhead kick to equalise in the 3–3 draw with Barnet. On 6 July 2009 following his release from Millwall, <mask> agreed to join Grimsby permanently on a two-year deal. During the 09/10 season, <mask> struggled to break into the first team and was eventually ruled out for a lengthy period after breaking his leg.This coupled with playing second fiddle to other players and the failure to consistently earn a place in the team meant that he would only feature in 13 league matches throughout the entire season. <mask> had returned to fitness towards the end of the campaign but only made a cameo appearance as the season wound to a close. On 12 May 2010, <mask> was one of seven players placed who were deemed surplus to requirements and were placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods following their relegation from the Football League. After failing to find a new club, <mask> was handed a squad number for the 2010–2011 season along with Nick Colgan, Nick Hegarty and Chris Jones who has also failed to sign terms elsewhere. On 13 July it was announced that Grimsby had accepted a request to let <mask> join league rivals Darlington for 3 days of training with a view to a permanent move. Darlington had also requested to use <mask> in a friendly in which Grimsby boss Neil Woods declined. <mask> had his contract at Grimsby cancelled by mutual consent on 1 September 2010.Lowestoft Town
On 16 September 2010, <mask> joined Conference National side Hayes & Yeading on trial. On 30 September 2010 <mask> joined Lowestoft Town, signing a two-year deal. In May 2012 following the conclusion of the 2011–12 season <mask> announced his departure from Lowestoft and his retirement from competitive football. Coaching career
In October 2011 <mask> re-joined Norwich City as an academy coach on a part-time basis alongside his playing days with Lowestoft, however following his retirement in May 2012 <mask> became a full-time coach with City. After gaining a full-time role at Norwich's Cat 1 academy looking after the U9 and U10 players he was promoted in September 2017 and he is currently the Lead Foundation Phase Coach and responsible for the day-to-day running of the U9 to U12 age groups as well as being the match day announcer at Carrow Road. He is also in year 4 of The Premier Leagues Elite Coaches Apprenticeship Scheme. He now works as the Head of Coaching & Player Development  at Luton Town.Career statistics

Honours

Swansea City
 Football League Trophy: 2005–06

Blackpool
 League One play-off final winner: 2007

References

External links

Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk
England profile at TheFA

1979 births
Living people
People from Ealing
English footballers
Norwich City F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Lowestoft Town F.C.players
English Football League players
Association football midfielders
Luton Town F.C. non-playing staff

masks:
Adrian Emmanuel Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes
Forbes


texts:
<mask> (born 1976 in Moscow) is a Russian violinist. He has worked with other violinists and together with oboist Dmitry Bulgakov founded the Homecoming Chamber Music Festival. He has given Russian premieres of various works and recorded a number of albums. Early life and studies
<mask> was born in Moscow and began playing the violin at the age of five. In 1994, he won a Foundation Scholarship to the Royal College of Music in London and also studied at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, winning prizes at each, alongside contemporaries Dobrinka Tabakova, Elena Langer, Maxim Rysanov and Kristina Blaumane. Artistic activities
<mask> has collaborated with violinists Gidon Kremer, Alina Ibragimova, Boris Brovtsyn, Alexander Sitkovetsky; flautist Sharon Bezaly, oboists Dmitri Bulgakov and Nicholas Daniel; pianists Katya Apekisheva, Ingrid Fliter, Alexander Kobrin, Charles Owen, Vadym Kholodenko, Andrey Gugnin, Lukas Geniušas; cellists Boris Andrianov, Jamie Walton, Alexander Buzlov and Kristina Blaumane; violists Maxim Rysanov and Nils Mönkemeyer; singers Gweneth-Ann Jeffers, William Purefoy and Anna Dennis. He has worked alongside conductors Andrew Davis, Saulius Sondeckis, Vladimir Ziva, Vladimir Ponkin, Philipp Chizhevsky and others.He has performed with groups as London Mozart Players, London Chamber Orchestra, Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra, Musica Viva Orchestra, Russian Philharmonia, Kremerata Baltica, Prague Soloists and Prague Sinfonia. <mask> has given Russian premieres of works by Osvaldo Golijov, John Tavener, James MacMillan, Giacinto Scelsi and Marjan Mozetich. He has also given world premieres of over fifty works by Dobrinka Tabakova, Leonid Desyatnikov, Elena Langer, Ed Bennett, Brian Irvine, Diana Burrell, Artem Vassiliev, Alexey Kurbatov and others. In 1998, <mask>s and oboist Dmitry Bulgakov founded the Homecoming Chamber Music Festival which takes place annually in Moscow. The core of Homecoming concert programmes are themed selections of works with one powerful underlying but not necessarily musical, idea behind them. Since the inception of the festival, <mask> has authored more than 60 such programmes. In April 2002, he co-directed the Suppressed Music project in Russia, which consisted of two concerts and a conference on composers whose music had been suppressed.A book and CD were released as a result of this project, by the Klassika XXI Publishing House. Outside the classical field, <mask> has worked with free-improvising saxophonist Paul Dunmall, vocalist Alisa Ten, the Brian Irvine Ensemble, Pokrovsky Ensemble, and Russian IDM group EU. He has also participated in several theatre productions including Langer's "Ariadne" and Stravinsky’s "The Soldier’s Tale". He has worked with theatre directors Vasily Barkhatov and Tim Hopkins, choreographers Alla Sigalova and Oleg Glushkov, and film director Alexander Zeldovich. His recording of the Mozetich Violin Concerto "Affairs of the Heart" was used in productions by Hong Kong Ballet, Royal Winnipeg Ballet and the Q-dance company. <mask>s plays a Francesco Ruggieri violin, circa 1685. Recordings
<mask> has recorded for ECM, Harmonia Mundi, Quartz and other labels, with his albums featuring a number of world-premiere recordings.An album of works by Dobrinka Tabakova for ECM was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Classical Compendium. His recording of solo violin music, with an innovative recording approach invented by <mask> and dubbed “spatial orchestration,” was a CD of the week at WQXR Radio New York and on the annual wish list of Fanfare magazine critics. The album of Leonid Desyatnikov's music for violin and orchestra was nominated for ICMA Award and received a Five Stars review for performance and recording with BBC Music Magazine. Discography

 Desyatnikov: Sketches to Sunset | Russian Seasons (2017). <mask> (violin), Yana Ivanilova (soprano), Alexey Goribol (piano), Brno Philharmonic Orchestra, Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra, Philipp Chizhevsky (conductor). Published by Quartz. Alfred Schnittke: Works for Violin and Piano | Suite in Old Style (2016).<mask> (violin), Katya Apekisheva (piano), Olga Martynova (harpsichord), Andrey Doynikov (percussion), Dmitri Vlassik (percussion). Published by Quartz. Elena Langer: Landscape With Three People (2016). Anna Dennis, William Towers, Nicholas Daniel, <mask>, Meghan Cassidy, Kristina Blaumane, Robert Howarth, Katya Apekisheva. Published by Harmonia Mundi. Dance of Shadows (2014). Ysaÿe | Piazzolla | Tabakova | Schnittke | Silvestrov.<mask>, Violin. Published by Quartz. Dobrinka Tabakova: String Paths (2013). Kristina Blaumane (cello), Maxim Rysanov (viola, conductor), Janine Jansen, <mask>, Julia-Maria Kretz (violin), Amihai Grosz (viola), Torleif Thedéen, Boris Andrianov (cello), Raimondas Sviackevičius (accordion), Vaiva Eidukaitytė-Storastienė (harpsichord), Donatas Bagurskas, Stacey Watton (double bass), Lithuanian Chamber Orchestra. Published by ECM New Series. Leonid Desyatnikov: The Leaden Echo (2011). <mask>, Alexei Goribol, William Purefoy, Anton Dressler, Anna Panina, Fedor Lednev, Pavel Stepin, Serj Poltavski, Evgeny Rumyantsev, Petr Kondrashin, Dmitri Sharov, Yuri Kolosov, Kirill Koloskov, Dmitri Vlassik, Asya Sorshneva.Published by Quartz. Exodus (2008). Paul Dunmall (soprano saxophone), <mask> (violin). Published by Quartz. <mask>s Violin: Mozetich | Langer | Schnittke (2007). Maxim Rysanov (viola), Kristine Blaumane (cello), New Prague Sinfonia, West Kazakhstan Philharmonic Orchestra, Mikel Toms (conductor). Game Over (2011).Works for Violin & Electronics. <mask>, violin. Ed Bennett, Taras Buevsky, Alexander Raikhelson, Artem Vassiliev. Published by Quartz. Transformations (1999). 20th Century Works for Violin & Piano. <mask> (violin), Elena Chudinovich (piano).Published by Black Box. References

External links
Official website
Homecoming Chamber Music Festival
Violinist <mask>s on overcoming a career-threatening ganglion (2014-04-22). The Strad. Retrieved 2019-03-19. 1976 births
Living people
Male classical violinists
People from Moscow
Russian classical violinists

masks:
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman
Roman Mint
Roman Mints
Roman
Roman Mint
Roman Mints
Roman
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mint
Roman Mints
Roman Mints
Roman Mint


texts:
<mask> (Arbërisht: <mask>; 29 November 181428 February 1903) was an Arbëreshë folklorist, journalist, lawyer, playwright, poet, rilindas and writer. He is regarded as one of the most influential Albanian writers of the 19th century who played an essential role in the Albanian Renaissance. Biography

Life

His ancestors are believed to have migrated from Dibër County. Born the son of a parish priest of Italo-Albanian Catholic Church in Macchia Albanese in the mountains of Cosenza, <mask> attended the college of Saint Adrian in San Demetrio Corone. Already imbued with a passion for his Albanian lineage, he began collecting folklore material at an early age. Career

Literature

In October 1834, in accordance with his father's wishes, he registered at the Faculty of Law of the University of Naples, but the main focus of his interests remained folklore and literature. It was in Naples in 1836 that <mask> published the first edition of his best known Albanian-language poem, the "Songs of Milosao", under the Italian title Poesie albanesi del secolo XV.Canti di Milosao, figlio del despota di Scutari (Albanian poetry from the 15th century. Songs of Milosao, son of the despot of Shkodra). He was soon forced to abandon his studies due to a cholera epidemic in Naples and returned home to Calabria. His second work, Canti storici albanesi di Serafina Thopia, moglie del principe Nicola Ducagino, Naples 1839 (Albanian historical songs of Serafina Thopia, wife of prince Nicholas Dukagjini), was seized by the Bourbon authorities because of <mask>'s alleged affiliation with conspiratorial groups during the Italian Risorgimento. The work was republished under the title Canti di Serafina Thopia, principessa di Zadrina nel secolo XV, Naples 1843 (Songs of Serafina Thopia, princess of Zadrina in the 15th century) and in later years in a third version as Specchio di umano transito, vita di Serafina Thopia, Principessa di Ducagino, Naples 1897 (Mirror of human transience, life of Serafina Thopia, princess of Dukagjin). His Italian-language historical tragedy I Numidi, Naples 1846 (The Numidians), elaborated half a century later as Sofonisba, dramma storico, Naples 1892 (Sofonisba, historical drama), enjoyed only modest public response. In the revolutionary year 1848, <mask> founded the newspaper L'Albanese d'Italia (The Albanian of Italy) which included articles in Albanian.This bilingual "political, moral and literary journal" with a final circulation of 3,200 copies was the first Albanian-language periodical anywhere. Before Albania had become a political entity, it had already become a poetic reality in the works of Geronimo <mask>. His vision of an independent Albania grew in the second half of the nineteenth century from a simple desire to a realistic political objective to which he was passionately committed. <mask> was the harbinger and first audible voice of the Romantic movement in Albanian literature, a movement which, inspired by his unfailing energy on behalf of national awakening among Albanians in Italy and in the Balkans, was to evolve into the romantic nationalism characteristic of the Rilindja period in Albania. His journalistic, literary and political activities were instrumental not only in fostering an awareness for the Arbëresh minority in Italy but also in laying the foundations for an Albanian national literature. The most popular of his literary works is the above-mentioned Canti di Milosao (Songs of Milosao), known in Albanian as Këngët e Milosaos, a long romantic ballad portraying the love of Milosao, a fictitious young nobleman in fifteenth-century Shkodra (Scutari), who has returned home from Thessalonica. Here, at the village fountain, he encounters and falls in love with Rina, the daughter of the shepherd Kollogre.The difference in social standing between the lovers long impedes their union until an earthquake destroys both the city and all semblance of class distinction. After their marriage abroad, a child is born. But the period of marital bliss does not last long. Milosao's son and wife soon die, and he himself, wounded in battle, perishes on a riverbank within sight of Shkodra. De Rada also published the magazine Fiamuri Arbërit, whose first issue appeared on July 20, 1883 in Cosenza, Italy initially in Albanian in a Latin-based alphabet invented by <mask>, and later with translations in Italian. The journal featured subjects regarding Albanian literature, politics and history quickly became popular among Albanians and was widely distributed. Politics

In 1881, <mask>'s views on Albania's future envisaged a country split into three units based on religion within a federal state.By 1886, <mask> opposed proposals by the Greeks of a Balkan federation and supported remaining separate from Greece as any unification according to him would entail the end of Albanian existence. <mask> maintained a policy of siding with the Ottomans against common enemies and disapproving of anti-Ottoman insurrection viewing it as Greek and Serb foreign influence with the hope that the Ottoman Empire would grant Albanians its socio-political rights. In October 1895, <mask> along with fellow Italo-Albanians Giuseppe Schirò and Anselmo Lorecchio organised a congress on Albanian national, cultural and linguistic self-determination that convened in Corigliano Calabro and it was followed by a second congress in Lungro during February 1897. See also
 List of Albanian writers
 Albanians in Italy
 La Nazione Albanese

References

1814 births
1903 deaths
Activists of the Albanian National Awakening
Arbëreshë people
Italian male poets
Italian folklorists
People from the Province of Cosenza
19th-century Albanian poets
20th-century Albanian poets
Albanian male poets
Albanian folklorists
Albanian-language poets
Italian-language writers
Italian dramatists and playwrights
Albanian dramatists and playwrights
19th-century Italian poets
20th-century Italian poets
Albanian publishers (people)
Italian publishers (people)
Albanian journalists
Italian journalists
Italian male journalists
19th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian male writers

masks:
Girolamo de Rada
Jeronim de Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada
de Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada
De Rada