texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 15 January 1893 – 6 March 1951) was a Welsh composer and actor who became one of the most popular British entertainers of the first half of the 20th century. He was born into a musical family, and his first successes were as a songwriter. His first big hit was "Keep the Home Fires Burning" (1914), which was enormously popular during the First World War. His 1917 show, Theodore & Co, was a wartime hit. After the war, <mask> contributed numbers to several successful musical comedies and was eventually commissioned to write the scores of complete shows. He wrote his musicals in the style of operetta and often composed his music to the libretti of Christopher Hassall. In the 1920s, he turned to acting, first in British films and then on stage, with considerable success in both.He starred in two silent films directed by Alfred Hitchcock, The Lodger and Downhill (both 1927). On stage, he played the title character in the first London production of Liliom (1926). <mask> briefly went to Hollywood, but he soon returned to Britain, where he had more successes, especially on stage, appearing in his own lavish West End productions of musicals. The best known of these were Glamorous Night (1935) and The Dancing Years (1939). From the 1930s, he often performed with Zena Dare, writing parts for her in his works. He continued to write for film, but he had his biggest late successes with stage musicals: Perchance to Dream (1945), King's Rhapsody (1949) and Gay's the Word (1951). The Ivor Novello Awards were named after him in 1955.Early years

<mask> was born <mask> Davies in Cardiff, Wales, to David Davies (c. 1852–1931), a rent collector for the city council, and his wife, <mask> Davies, an internationally known singing teacher and choral conductor. As a boy, <mask> was a successful singer in the Welsh Eisteddfod. His mother set up as voice teacher in London, where he met leading performers, including members of George Edwardes's Gaiety Theatre company, classical musicians such as Landon Ronald, and singers such as Adelina Patti. Another of his mother's associates was Clara Butt, who taught him to sing "Abide with Me" when he was a boy of six. <mask> was educated privately in Cardiff and then in Gloucester, where he studied harmony and counterpoint with Herbert Brewer, the cathedral organist. From there he won a scholarship to Magdalen College School in Oxford, where he was a solo treble in the college choir. He later said that this prolonged youthful exposure to early sacred choral music had turned his tastes, in reaction, to lush romantic music.Although Brewer had told him he would not have a career in music, <mask> from his early youth showed a facility for writing songs, and when he was only 15, one of his songs was published. After leaving school, he gave piano lessons in Cardiff, and then moved to London in 1913 with his mother. They took a flat above the Strand Theatre, which became his London home for the rest of his life. In London he found a mentor in Sir Edward Marsh, a well-known patron of the arts and Churchill's secretary. Marsh encouraged him to compose and introduced him to people who could help his career. He adopted his mother's middle name, "<mask>", as his professional surname, although he did not change it legally until 1927. In 1914, at the start of the First World War, <mask> wrote "Keep the Home Fires Burning", a song that expressed the feelings of innumerable families sundered by World War I. <mask> composed the music for the song to a lyric by the American Lena Guilbert Ford, and it became a huge popular success, bringing Novello money and fame at the age of 21.In other respects, the war had less impact on <mask> than on many young men of his age. He avoided enlistment until June 1916, when he reported to a Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) training depot as a probationary flight sub-lieutenant. After <mask> twice crashed aeroplanes, Marsh arranged his move to the Admiralty office in central London for the rest of the war. Composer and actor

<mask> continued to write songs while serving in the RNAS. He had his first stage success with Theodore & Co in 1916, a production by George Grossmith Jr. and Edward Laurillard with a score composed by <mask> and the young Jerome Kern. In the same year, <mask> contributed to André Charlot's revue See-Saw. In 1917 he wrote for another Grossmith and Laurillard production, the operetta Arlette, for which he contributed additional numbers to an existing French score by Jane Vieu and Guy le Feuvre.In the same year, Marsh introduced him to the actor Bobbie Andrews, who became <mask>'s life partner. Andrews introduced <mask> to the young Noël Coward. Coward, six years <mask>'s junior, was deeply envious of <mask>'s effortless glamour. He wrote, "I just felt suddenly conscious of the long way I had to go before I could break into the magic atmosphere in which he moved and breathed with such nonchalance". In 1918 and after the war, <mask> continued to write successfully for musical comedy and revue. The former included Who's Hooper? (1919), an adaptation of a Pinero play, with a book by Fred Thompson, lyrics by Clifford Grey, and music by Howard Talbot and <mask>, and The Golden Moth by Thompson and P. G. Wodehouse (1921), for which <mask> provided the entire score.For Charlot, he contributed numbers to the revues Tabs (1918), A to Z (1921) and Puppets (1924). For the second of these, his songs included one of his few well-known comedy numbers, "And Her Mother Came Too", with lyrics by Dion Titheradge, written for Jack Buchanan. At the same time as his successes as a composer, <mask> was making a career as an actor. With "a classic profile that gained him matinee idol status amongst the film-going public", he was sought out, on the strength of a publicity photograph, by the Swiss film director Louis Mercanton. Mercanton offered him a silent-film role as the romantic lead in The Call of the Blood (1920). In the same year, he made another film for Mercanton, Miarka. <mask> made his first British film, Carnival, the following year.<mask> made his stage debut in 1921 in Deburau by Sacha Guitry, and, among other stage engagements in the next years, he played Bingley in a charity adaptation of Pride and Prejudice. At about this time, <mask> had an affair with the writer Siegfried Sassoon; it was short lived, but in the words of Sassoon's biographer John Stuart Roberts, <mask> "was a consummate flirt who collected lovers as he gathered lilacs". In 1923, <mask> made his American movie debut in D. W. Griffith's The White Rose. The same year, he starred in "The Man Without Desire", among other British films. He next co-wrote, produced and starred in the successful 1924 play The Rat. The play was made into a film in 1925, which was so successful that two sequels followed in 1926 and 1928. His dramatic roles in the West End included the title character in the first London production of Ferenc Molnár's Liliom (1926).Other films in which <mask> starred included Alfred Hitchcock's The Lodger, where he played the title character, and Downhill (both in 1927). The British film company Gainsborough Pictures offered <mask> a lucrative contract, which enabled him to buy a country house in Littlewick Green, near Maidenhead. He renamed the property Redroofs, and he entertained there famously and with little regard for convention. Cecil Beaton, noting the frequent homosexual excesses, coined the phrase, "the Ivor – Noel naughty set". Coward had by now caught <mask> up professionally, despite a joint disaster when <mask> starred in Coward's play Sirocco in 1927, which was a débâcle, and closed within a month of opening. In 1928 <mask> starred in the silent adaptation of Coward's much more successful The Vortex, and made his last silent film, A South Sea Bubble. During the late 1920s, <mask> was the most popular male British film star and was often dubbed as Britain's "handsomest screen actor".<mask> returned to composing for the lyric stage in 1929, writing eight numbers for the revue The House that Jack Built. In the same year, he presented his own play Symphony in Two Flats, which he took to New York the following year. It was followed by a successful Broadway production of his The Truth Game, which brought him to the attention of Hollywood studios. He accepted a contract to write for and appear in MGM films. He found little to do in Hollywood, however, beyond writing the dialogue for Tarzan the Ape Man. Returning to London, he starred in the sound remake of The Lodger (1932). 1930s musicals

After beginning the 1930s with a series of non-musical plays: I Lived with You (1932), Fresh Fields, Proscenium, Sunshine Sisters, Flies in the Sun (all 1933) and Murder in Mayfair (1934), <mask> returned to composition in 1935 with Glamorous Night, which was the first of a series of enormously popular musicals.The Times considered that it was for these that <mask> would be popularly remembered. Paul Webb, in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, writes that <mask>'s show saved the fortunes of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane:

Another model was Coward's 1929 musical Bitter Sweet, which <mask> called "a lovely, lovely thing ... sheer joy from beginning to end". That, too, was an old-fashioned musical, "so full of regret ... for a vanished kindly silly darling age". For all his four 1930s musicals, <mask> wrote the book and music, Christopher Hassall wrote the lyrics, and the orchestrations were by Charles Prentice. Glamorous Night  starred <mask> and Mary Ellis, with a cast including Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Elizabeth Welch, and ran from 2 May 1935 to 18 July 1936, at Drury Lane and then the London Coliseum. Careless Rapture ran from 11 September 1936 for 296 performances, with <mask>, Dorothy Dickson and Zena Dare in the leading roles. Crest of the Wave starred <mask>, Dickson and Gilbert, and ran from 1 September 1937 for 203 performances.The last of <mask>'s prewar musicals was The Dancing Years, which starred <mask>, Ellis and Gilbert, opened at Drury Lane, closed on the outbreak of the Second World War, and reopened at the Adelphi Theatre, running for a combined total of 696 performances, closing on 8 July 1944. This show was the closest <mask> came to fulfilling his mother's early ambitions for him to write operas; he played an Austrian composer-conductor at the Wiener Hofoper. Second World War and last years
<mask> presented only two new shows during the Second World War. Arc de Triomphe (1943), a musical vehicle for Mary Ellis, was only a modest success, but Perchance to Dream (1945) was immensely successful, running for 1,022 performances. In between the two shows, <mask> had been in serious legal trouble and served four weeks in prison for misuse of petrol coupons, a serious offence under rationing laws in wartime Britain. An admiring fan had stolen the coupons from her employer, but the court found that Novello was also culpable. The prison term, though short, came as a severe shock to <mask>, both mentally and physically, and had serious lasting effects.Not everybody was supportive; Coward's sympathy was limited: "He's been fighting like a steer to keep going as before the war and hasn't done a thing for the general effort", but when <mask> returned to The Dancing Years after his release, he received "a rapturous ovation" on his first entrance. <mask>'s last full-scale production in this style, King's Rhapsody (1949), was, in Webb's words, "a selfconsciously romantic counter-blast to the modern musical: crown princes, ballrooms, royal yachts, beautiful princesses and a full-scale coronation". After the rigours of war, this escapist entertainment had strong box-office appeal, and ran for 841 performances. The show starred <mask>, and the cast included Phyllis Dare, Zena Dare, Olive Gilbert and Bobbie Andrews. It was still running, at the Palace Theatre, when <mask>'s last show opened. This was Gay's the Word (1951). <mask> had written no role for himself; the show starred the comedy actress Cicely Courtneidge and was a departure from his established pattern, balancing the contrasting styles of European operetta and post-war American musicals.The Times commented that the show "cheerfully parodied the very Ruritanian romances to which he owed his most triumphant successes". Death and legacy

<mask> died suddenly from a coronary thrombosis at the age of 58, a few hours after completing a performance of King's Rhapsody. He was cremated at the Golders Green Crematorium, and his ashes are buried beneath a lilac bush and marked with a plaque that reads "<mask> Novello 6th March 1951 'Till you are home once more'." He left an estate worth £160,000 (£million in ). Only a few weeks before <mask>'s death, Coward had written of him: "Theatre – good, bad and indifferent – is the love of his life. For him, other human endeavours are mere shadows. ...The reward of his work lies in the indisputable fact that whenever and wherever he appears the vast majority of the British public flock to see him." The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians writes of <mask> that he was "until the advent of Andrew Lloyd Webber, the 20th-century's most consistently successful composer of British musicals". The Ivor Novello Awards for songwriting, established in 1955 in <mask>'s memory, are awarded each year by The Ivors Academy (formerly the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA)) to British songwriters and composers as well as to an outstanding international music writer. A scholarship in memory of <mask> was established at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, and in 1952 a bronze bust of him by Clemence Dane was unveiled at Drury Lane. In St. Paul's, Covent Garden, known as the actors' church, a panel was installed to commemorate Novello, and in 1972, to mark the 21st anniversary of his death, a memorial stone was unveiled in St. Paul's Cathedral. In 1993, the centenary of <mask>'s birth was marked by several celebratory shows around the UK, including one at the Players Theatre in London. In 2005, the Strand Theatre, above which <mask> lived for many years, was renamed the Novello Theatre, with a plaque in his honour set at the entrance.On 27 June 2009, a statue of <mask> was unveiled outside the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay. Plaques detailing some of his best-known songs are fitted to the pedestal, along with a dedication to <mask>. <mask>'s memory is promoted by The Ivor Novello Appreciation Bureau, which holds annual events around Britain, including an annual pilgrimage to Redroofs each June. Redroofs was sold after <mask>'s death and is now a theatre training school. <mask> was portrayed in Robert Altman's 2001 film Gosford Park by Jeremy Northam, and several of his songs were used for the film's soundtrack, including "Waltz of My Heart", "And Her Mother Came Too", "I Can Give You the Starlight", "What a Duke Should Be", "Why Isn't It You?" and "The Land of Might-Have-Been". Songs

Among <mask>'s well-known songs are "Keep the Home Fires Burning", "Fold Your Wings", "Shine Through My Dreams", "Rose of England", "I Can Give You the Starlight", "And Her Mother Came Too", "My Dearest Dear", "The Land of Might-Have-Been", "When I Curtsied to the King", "We'll Gather Lilacs", "Someday My Heart Will Awake", "Yesterday", "Waltz of My Heart", "Why Isn't It You", "My Life Belongs to You", "Fly Home Little Heart", "Take Your Girl" and "Primrose".In Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Webb writes that although <mask>'s oeuvre is generally thought of as "romantic" and "Ruritanian", his music "was far more varied than his current reputation suggests". Webb contends that such romantic hits as "Someday My Heart Will Awake" were balanced by "rousing operetta choruses ... and jazz age numbers" while Rose of England' is a stately patriotic piece that stands comparison with Elgar or Walton". Filmography

Actor

Writer

Notes

References
 Day, Barry (ed). The Letters of Noël Coward. London: Methuen. (2007). .
 Gaye, Freda. Who's Who in the Theatre, fourteenth edition, 1967.London: Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons. Hoare, Philip. Noël Coward, A Biography. London: Sinclair-Stevenson (1995). .
 MacQueen-Pope, W. J. <mask>: The Story of an Achievement. London: Hutchinson (1954)
 Roberts, John Stuart. Siegfried Sassoon, London: Metro Publishing (2005). Further reading
 Harding, James.<mask> <mask>, London: W. H. Allen (1987)

 Slattery-Christy, David. In Search of Ruritania: The Life and Times of <mask> <mask>, Authorhouse, 2006
 Norton, Richard C., "Coward & Novello", Essay for the Operetta Research Center Amsterdam. External links

 Photographs and literature
 The Ivor Novello Appreciation Bureau

 <mask> <mask> biography from BBC Wales
 <mask> <mask> on home video at Brenton Film
 <mask> <mask> biography on BBC South East Wales

 <mask> <mask> as actor in Theatre Archive University of Bristol
 <mask> <mask> as composer, Theatre Archive University of Bristol
 <mask> <mask> as author in the Theatre Archive University of Bristol

1893 births
1951 deaths
20th-century Welsh male singers
20th-century Welsh male actors
Welsh musical theatre composers
Welsh songwriters
Welsh male stage actors
Welsh male musical theatre actors
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male silent film actors
British gay actors
British gay musicians
British gay writers
LGBT composers
LGBT songwriters
LGBT actors from Wales
LGBT musicians from Wales
LGBT writers from Wales
Male actors from Cardiff
Writers from Cardiff
People educated at Magdalen College School, Oxford
Musicians from Cardiff
Deaths from coronary thrombosis
Golders Green Crematorium
Royal Naval Air Service personnel of World War I
Royal Navy officers of World War I
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Ivor Novello
David Ivor Davies
Novello
Novello
Novello
David Ivor
Clara Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Novello
Ivor
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello
Ivor
Novello


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born March 29, 1971) is a sound/installation artist and graphic designer from the United States. He works in reductionist microsound electronic music, a form of extreme minimalism characterised by quiet and sparse sound. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Arlington, Virginia, in 1971, and studied at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, from 1989–1993, graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts Cum Laude with a Concentration in Graphic Design and Painting. <mask>'s sound works and sound installations have been included in the exhibits Sounding Spaces at ICC (Tokyo, Japan), I Moderni / The Moderns at Castello di Rivoli (Torino, Italy), 2002 Biennial at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, Resynthesis at the Art Institute of Chicago and with the traveling sound exhibit Invisible Cities created by digital media curators Fehler as well as solo and collaborative installations for Fusebox (DC), 1515 Arts/G Fine Art (DC), Die Schachtel (Milan, Italy), and Diapason (New York). He has performed his work live across Europe, Japan, Australia, and North America at MUTEK (Montreal, Canada), GRM/Maison de Radio France (Paris, France), Observatori (Valencia, Spain), DEAF (Dublin, Ireland), Transmediale (Berlin, Germany), Lovebytes (Sheffield, UK), the Leeds International Film Festival (Leeds, UK), the Rotterdam International Film Festival (NE), Garage (Stralsund, Germany), La Batie (Geneva, Switzerland), and other digital art/music festivals and at exhibits such as Frequenzen [Hz] at the Schirn Kunsthalle (Frankfurt) and A Minimal Future? Art as Object 1958-1968 and Visual Music at the Museum of Contemporary Art (Los Angeles). In 2000 he formed the recording label LINE, which releases compositional and installation work by sound artists and composers working with contemporary and digital minimalism, including Bernhard Gunter, Steve Roden, Taylor Deupree, Christopher Willits, Roel Meelkop, Carsten Nicolai/Alva Noto, Asmus Tietchens, Mark Fell and the first full-length CDs by Miki Yui, Skoltz_Kolgen, and Steinbruchel.The first release on LINE, Chartier's Series, was awarded Honorable Mention in the category of Digital Music by the Prix Ars Electronica, 2001 (Austria). In 2006 he was commissioned by the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden to create a collaborative sound performance work in conjunction with the Hiroshi Sugimoto retrospective exhibit. This work, entitled Specification. Fifteen, was awarded one of five Honorable Mentions for outstanding contemporary artistic positions in digital media art by the jury of the Transmediale.07 Award Competition in Germany, and exhibited as a recording and presented as a live performance with a new video work created from Sugimoto's Seascapes at the Akademie der Kuenste (Berlin). In 2009, <mask> presented a collaborative installation with visual artist Linn Meyers. Untitled, exhibited at the Art Gallery of University of Maryland (US) two  by  walls meet in an enfolding chevron, creating both a sound chamber and a drawing surface. The swirling lines of Meyers' drawing were drawn directly on the surface of the walls, accompanied by a sound piece by Chartier.With eight audio transducers applied directly to the back surface of the walls, <mask>'s composition modulates and transfers through the surfaces. Untitled(Angle.1), a stereo composition based on Untitled was released on Non Visual Objects (Austria) as a limited edition CD. In March 2010, Chartier was awarded a Smithsonian Institution Artist Research Fellowship to study the National Museum of American History's collection of 19th Century acoustic apparatus for scientific demonstration. Chartier will focus specifically on the many sirens, waveforms, and other inventions of the German physicist Rudolf Koenig including the Grand Tonometer (c. 1870-1875), the only instrument of its kind in existence. Since 1998, Chartier has created recordings for labels such as LINE (USA), Raster-Noton (Germany), Die Stadt (Germany), Spekk (Japan), 12k (US) Mutek rec (Canada), DSP (Italy), ERS (Netherlands), Trente Oiseaux (Germany), Fallt (Ireland), Intransitive (USA), and collaborated with artists Taylor Deupree, William Basinski, CoH, Kim Cascone, and Asmus Tietchens. Fifteen (with Taylor Deupree)[LINE, US] CD 2006
Live in Los Angeles (as CHESSMACHINE) [LINE, US] CD 2005
Chessmachine (with COH) [Mutek_rec, Canada] CD 2004
William Basinski + <mask> [Spekk, Japan] CD 2004
Varied as 0/r (with Nosei Sakata) [12k, US] CD 2002
after (Cascone + Chartier + Deupree) [12k, US] CD 2002
SPEC. (with Taylor Deupree) [12k, US] CD 1999
0/r (with Nosei Sakata) [12k, US]CD 1999

Bibliography
Demers, Joanna.Listening Through The Noise. New York: Oxford University Press. 2010. Footnotes

External links
<mask>'s homepage

1971 births
Living people
American graphic designers

masks:
Richard Chartier
Chartier
Career Chartier
Richard Chartier
Chartier
Richard Chartier
Richard Chartier


texts:
<mask>  (; 1827–1907) was a French chemist and politician noted for the ThomsenBerthelot principle of thermochemistry. He synthesized many organic compounds from inorganic substances, providing a large amount of counter-evidence to the theory of Jöns Jakob Berzelius that organic compounds required organisms in their synthesis. <mask> was convinced that chemical synthesis would revolutionize the food industry by the year 2000, and that synthesized foods would replace farms and pastures. "Why not", he asked, "if it proved cheaper and better to make the same materials than to grow them?" He was considered "one of the most famous chemists in the world." Upon being appointed to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs for the French government in 1895, he was considered "the most eminent living chemist" in France. In 1901, he was elected as one of the "Forty Immortals" of the Académie française.He gave all his discoveries not only to the French government but to humanity. Personal life
He was born in Rue du Mouton, Paris, France, on 25 October 1827 the son of a doctor. He decided with his friend, the great historian Ernest Renan, not to attend a  where the vast majority of intellectuals were being educated. After doing well at school in history and philosophy, he became a scientist. He was an atheist but was very influenced by his wife, who was a Calvinist (his wife came from Louis Breguet's family). Discoveries

The fundamental conception that underlay all <mask>'s chemical work was that all chemical phenomena depend on the action of physical forces which can be determined and measured. When he began his active career it was generally believed that, although some instances of the synthetic production of organic substances had been observed, on the whole organic chemistry remained an analytical science and could not become a constructive one, because the formation of the substances with which it deals required the intervention of vital activity in some shape.He engaged in a long argument with Louis Pasteur on the subject of vitalism, in which Pasteur took the vitalist position on the basis of his work on alcoholic fermentation. To this attitude he offered uncompromising opposition, and by the synthetic production of numerous hydrocarbons, natural fats, sugars and other bodies he proved that organic compounds can be formed by ordinary methods of chemical manipulation and obey the same principles as inorganic substances, thus exhibiting the "creative character in virtue of which chemistry actually realizes the abstract conceptions of its theories and classifications—a prerogative so far possessed neither by the natural nor by the historical sciences." Recognition
In 1863 he became a member of the Académie Nationale de Médecine; he was also awarded the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour. He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1880. In 1881 he became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Avenue Berthelot in Lyon was named - obviously - after him on 25 March 1907. Publications

His investigations on the synthesis of organic compounds were published in numerous papers and books, including Chimie organique fondée sur la synthèse (1860) and Les Carbures d'hydrogène (1901).He stated that chemical phenomena are not governed by any peculiar laws special to themselves, but are explicable in terms of the general laws of mechanics that are in operation throughout the universe; and this view he developed, with the aid of thousands of experiments, in his Mécanique chimique (1878) and his Thermochimie (1897). This branch of study naturally conducted him to the investigation of explosives, and on the theoretical side led to the results published in his work Sur la force de la poudre et des matières explosives (1872), while in practical terms it enabled him to render important services to his country as president of the scientific defence committee during the siege of Paris (1870–1871) and subsequently as chief of the French explosives committee. He performed experiments to determine gas pressures during hydrogen explosions using a special chamber fitted with a piston, and was able to distinguish burning of mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen from true explosions. Historical and philosophical work
During later life he researched and wrote books on the early history of chemistry such as Les Origines de l'alchimie (1885) and Introduction à l'étude de la chimie des anciens et du moyen âge (1889), He also translated various old Greek, Syriac and Arabic treatises on alchemy and chemistry: Collection des anciens alchimistes grecs (1887–1888) and La Chimie au moyen âge (1893). He was the author of Science et philosophie (1886), which contains a well-known letter to Renan on "La Science idéale et la science positive," of La Révolution chimique, Lavoisier (1890), of Science et morale (1897), and of numerous articles in La Grande Encyclopédie, which he helped to establish. Untersuchungen über die Affinitäten, über Bildung und Zersetzung der Äther. Ostwalds Klassiker der exakten Wissenschaften; 173 Leipzig: Engelmann, 1910 Digital edition by the University and State Library Düsseldorf

Editions

Family

Berthelot died suddenly on 18 March 1907, immediately after the death of his wife Sophie Niaudet (1837–1907), in Paris.His professorship was filled by Emil Jungfleisch. He was buried with his wife in the Panthéon. He had six children: Marcel André (1862–1939), Marie-Hélène (1863–1895), Camille (1864–1928), Daniel (1865–1927), Philippe (1866–1934), and René (1872–1960). In art
Auguste Rodin created a bust of Berthelot. See also
Abiogenic petroleum origin
<mask>'s reagent

Notes

References

Further reading

 Jean Jacques, Berthelot 1827-1907, autopsie d'un mythe, Paris, Belin, 1987. (The author, who admits not liking Berthelot, seeks to sort out the chaff and good grain, not only in his political and ideological activity, but also in his scientific work.) External links

<mask> at www.hh.schule.de
<mask>, Marcelin (1827–1907), chimiste et homme politique français at isimabomba.free.fr
"Pierre-Eugène-Marcelin Berthelot" at encarta.msn.com (Archived 2009-11-01)
AllRefer.com – Pierre EugEne Marcelin Berthelot (Chemistry, Biography) – Encyclopedia at reference.allrefer.com

Biographies of Scientific Men/Berthelot - Wikisource, the free online library

1827 births
1907 deaths
Politicians from Paris
Members of the Académie Française
Collège de France faculty
French atheists
19th-century French chemists
French life senators
Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Officers of the French Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
Scientists from Paris

masks:
Pierre Eugène Marcellin Berthelot
Berthelot
Berthelot
Berthelot
Berthelot
Berthelot


texts:
<mask> (8 January 1826 – 11 June 1880) was a Scottish publisher, journalist, writer, photographer, and singer. Much of his career was spent in China and Japan where he published several newspapers including The Far East, a fortnightly newsmagazine illustrated with original photographs. Early life
<mask> was born in Dysart, Fife, Scotland to English parents. Little is known of <mask>'s early life, but in 1854 he passed up the possibility of a career as an officer in the Royal Navy and moved with his wife to Australia. When his initial business ventures failed, <mask> embarked on a singing career, touring Australia, India, China, and finally Japan. Performances in Hong Kong and Shanghai in 1864 received enthusiastic reviews in the local press, as did his performances in Yokohama in June and July of the same year. Though he had no intention of staying in Japan, he was to remain there for another eleven or more years.Career

Japan
In 1864, Albert Hansard, owner of the Japan Herald (among the first English-language newspapers in Japan), offered J. R<mask> a job in his auction business, and in 1865 offered him a partnership in the newspaper. In 1867, the partnership of Hansard and <mask> declared bankruptcy, but that same year <mask> founded his own newspaper, the Japan Gazette, a successful daily evening paper offering coverage of the reform movements of the Bakumatsu. He then founded The Far East, in 1870, with a view to promoting "goodwill and brotherhood between the outer world and the subjects of the most ancient imperial dynasty of the world". The first issue appeared on 30 May 1870. The Far East provided articles on the history, arts, and manners and customs of Japan and was remarkable in that it was illustrated with pasted-in, original photographs, at a time when photomechanical reproduction was still in its infancy. The newspaper's in-house photographer was the Austrian, Michael Moser, but <mask>, an amateur photographer himself, supplemented Moser's images with his own. Significant photographers whose work also appeared in the newspaper included Uchida Kuichi, the elder Suzuki Shin'ichi, and William Saunders.<mask> noted some of the early difficulties of publishing The Far East: the deleterious effects of the local weather on photographs, the inferiority and rarity of proper photographic chemicals and paper, and the poor quality (in his eyes) of the images produced by Japanese photographers. Until 1873, <mask> was unable or unwilling to pay the going rate for photographs, which must have particularly discouraged Western photographers from contributing. However, from 1873 on he began to pay an "honorarium" for the photographs he published. From July 1874, The Far East was published in Shanghai. Accordingly, the photographic subjects appearing in the newspaper were now predominantly Chinese. There is no evidence of further publication of The Far East after December 1878. Soon after establishing The Far East, and while maintaining the Japan Gazette, <mask> worked to launch a Japanese-language newspaper.He received little support in this endeavour from other residents of the foreign settlement, but convinced of the need for a high quality newspaper published in Japanese, and with the help of F. da <mask>, a Portuguese friend knowledgeable in Japanese and management, he founded Nisshin Shinjishi (日新真事誌) with the permission of the government and the services of a Japanese editor. The first issue appeared on 23 April 1872. The same year <mask> received authorisation to publish articles on government policy and the proceedings of the Daijō-kan (太政官), or Council of State. <mask> openly advocated political reforms, including free speech and greater democracy, and as he became increasingly influential the government manoeuvred to silence him, at the same time carefully avoiding any controversy with British officials. In 1874 the government offered <mask> the important post of foreign advisor to the Administrative Section of the Sa-in (左院), a chamber of the Daijō-kan, but only on condition that he resign from the Nisshin Shinjishi. He accepted the condition and the position. The following year new laws were introduced forbidding criticism of the government and excluding foreigners from editing Japanese-language newspapers.One week after the laws were implemented, <mask> was transferred to a lesser position in the Translation Bureau, and soon thereafter he was dismissed. In spite of the Press Regulations, <mask> launched another newspaper, the Bankoku Shimbun (万国新聞). The government persuaded the British Minister, Harry Parkes, to intervene, which he did, issuing a prohibition against British citizens publishing Japanese-language newspapers. <mask> fought the prohibition at the courts in London, but was unsuccessful, and soon left Japan, settling in Shanghai. China
In 1876 <mask> founded the Far East Art Agency in Shanghai to sell art works and photographs, including portfolios and albums. He launched the Shanghai Mercury in 1879, a newspaper that continued to be published for 40 years. <mask> returned to Yokohama, though, where he died on 11 June 1880, leaving a widow and three children.His son, <mask> <mask> (1858–1923), became well known in Japan under the name  as the country's only foreign-born rakugoka, or public storyteller. Notes

References
 Bennett, Terry. Old Japanese Photographs: Collector's Data Guide London: Quaritch, 2006. (hard)
 Bennett, Terry. Photography in Japan: 1853–1912 Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle, 2006. (hard)
 Heinz, Morioka, and Sasaki Miyoko. The Bue-Eyed Storyteller: <mask> and His Rakugo Career.Accessed 4 January 2008. Originally appeared in Monumenta Nipponica Vol. 38, No. 2. (Summer, 1983). 1826 births
1880 deaths
Scottish magazine publishers (people)
Scottish journalists
19th-century Scottish writers
Scottish photographers
19th-century Scottish male singers
Scottish expatriates in Japan
People from Dysart, Fife
19th-century British journalists
British male journalists
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
19th-century Scottish newspaper publishers (people)
19th-century British male writers

masks:
John Reddie Black
John Reddie Black
Black
Black
. Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Rosa
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Henry James
Black
Henry Black


texts:
Amédée-<mask> (; 20 January 1855 – 10 June 1899) was a French Romantic composer who died just as his career was beginning to flourish. Life
Born in Paris into an affluent bourgeois family, <mask> was the sole surviving child of a building contractor who had made his fortune assisting Baron Haussmann in the redevelopment of Paris in the 1850s. To please his father, Chausson studied law and was appointed a barrister for the Court of Appeals, but had little or no interest in the profession. He frequented the Paris salons, where he met celebrities such as Henri Fantin-Latour, Odilon Redon, and Vincent d'Indy. Before deciding on a musical career, he dabbled in writing and drawing. In 1879, at the age of 24, he began attending the composition classes of Jules Massenet at the Paris Conservatoire; Massenet came to regard him as "an exceptional person and a true artist". Chausson had already composed some piano pieces and songs.Nevertheless, the earliest manuscripts that have been preserved are those corrected by Massenet. At the Conservatoire, Chausson also studied with César Franck, with whom he formed a close friendship that lasted until Franck's death in 1890. <mask> interrupted his studies in 1881, after a failed attempt to win the Prix de Rome. During 1882 and 1883, <mask>, who enjoyed travel, visited Bayreuth to hear the operas of Richard Wagner. On the first of these journeys, Chausson went with d'Indy for the premiere of Wagner's Parsifal, and on the second trip he went with his new spouse Jeanne Escudier (1862–1936), with whom he was to have five children. From 1886 until his death in 1899, Chausson was secretary of the Société Nationale de Musique. In his own home (22 Boulevard de Courcelles, near Parc Monceau), he received a great many eminent artists, including the composers Henri Duparc, Gabriel Fauré, Claude Debussy, and Isaac Albéniz, the poet Stéphane Mallarmé, the Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev, and the Impressionist painter Claude Monet.Chausson also assembled an important collection of paintings. Death

When only 44 years old, Chausson died while staying at one of his country retreats, the Château de Moussets, in Limay, Yvelines. Riding his bicycle downhill, Chausson hit a brick wall and died instantly. The exact circumstances remain unclear; although probably an accident, there has been the suggestion of suicide, as Chausson was prone to depression. This suicide theory was propounded by Debussy's biographer Edward Lockspeiser, but has been firmly rejected more recently by Chausson's own biographer Ralph Scott Grover. Ironically, when he was 20, Chausson jotted into his diary “I have the premonition that my life will be short. I’m far from complaining about it, but I should not want to die before having done something."Chausson was buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris. His funeral was attended by many leading figures of the arts, including Duparc, Gabriel Fauré, Isaac Albéniz, Redon, Edgar Degas, Auguste Rodin, Henri de Régnier, Pierre Louÿs and Claude Debussy. While Chausson's brotherly relationship with Debussy had ended abruptly five years earlier, following his disapproval of Debussy's promiscuity, Debussy never ceased to admire Chausson's music. Eponymy
A small park, Square Ernest Chausson, in the 17th arrondissement of Paris is named in his honour. Music

The creative work of Chausson is commonly divided into three periods. In the first, his output was stylistically dominated by the influence of Massenet. The second period, dating from 1886, is marked by a more dramatic character, deriving partly from Chausson's contacts with the artistic milieux in which he moved.From his father's death in 1894 dates the beginning of his third period, during which he was especially influenced by his reading of the symbolist poets and Russian literature, particularly Turgenev, Dostoyevsky, and Tolstoy. <mask>'s work is deeply individual, but it does reflect some technical influences of both Wagner and his other musical hero, Franck. Stylistic traces not only of Massenet but also of Brahms can be detected sometimes. In general, <mask>'s compositional idiom bridges the gap between the ripe Romanticism of Massenet and Franck and the more introverted Impressionism of Debussy. Several delicate and admirable songs came from <mask>'s pen. He completed one opera, Le roi Arthus (King Arthur). His orchestral output was small, but significant.It includes the symphonic poem Viviane; the Symphony in B-flat, his sole symphony; Poème for violin and orchestra, an important piece in the violin repertoire; and the dramatic and haunting song-cycle Poème de l'amour et de la mer. <mask> is believed to be the first composer to use the celesta. He employed that instrument in December 1888 in his incidental music, written for a small orchestra, for La Tempête, a French translation by Maurice Bouchor of Shakespeare's The Tempest. Not at all prolific, Chausson left behind only 39 opus-numbered pieces. Musical creation for him always proved to be a long, painful struggle. However, the quality and originality of his compositions are consistently high, and several of his works continue to make occasional appearances on programmes of leading singers, chamber music ensembles and orchestras. "There are moments when I feel myself driven by a kind of feverish instinct, as if I had the presentiment of being unable to attain my goal, or of attaining it too late."<mask>

References

Bibliography
 Charles Oulmont (), Musique de l'amour. I. <mask> et "la bande à Franck" (Paris: Desclée de Brouwer & Cie., 1935). Jean Gallois, <mask> (Paris: Fayard, 1994). External links

Free digital scores by <mask> in the OpenScore Lieder Corpus
Hymne védique Chorus accompanied by orchestra, op. 9 Vocal Score (Paris: Hamelle, 1886) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
Mélodies pour chant et piano, op. 2 (Paris: J. Hamelle, 1890) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection
Les Vêpres du Commun des saint, op. 31 (Paris: Editions de la Schola Cantorum, 1907) From Sibley Music Library Digital Scores Collection

1855 births
1899 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century French composers
19th-century French male musicians
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Cycling road incident deaths
French male classical composers
French opera composers
French Romantic composers
Male opera composers
Musicians from Paris
Pupils of César Franck
Road incident deaths in France

masks:
Ernest Chausson
Ernest Chausson
Chausson
Chausson
Chausson
Chausson
Chausson
Chausson
Ernest Chausson
Ernest Chausson
Ernest Chausson
Ernest Chausson


texts:
<mask>  (July 30, 1888 – August 16, 1947) was an American surgeon, military physician, and medical educator. He was Moseley Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School, Surgeon-in-Chief at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital from 1932 to 1947, and a Brigadier General in the U.S. Army Medical Corps. Early life
<mask> was born on July 30, 1888 in Bangor, Maine. He was the son of <mask> and Mary Franklin Wilson. His father was a lumber merchant. He was named for his maternal grandmother, Mary Elliot Carr (d. 1869), who belonged to a prominent political and mercantile family in Bangor (see Francis Carr). The Carr-Wing House remains a local landmark.<mask> studied at Harvard College and graduated from that institution in 1909. After completing his A.B., he studied at Harvard Medical School (HMS) and received his M.D. summa cum laude in 1913, ranking first in his class. He studied pathology with Frank Mallory at the Boston City Hospital (now Boston Medical Center) during his fourth year at HMS. He was subsequently awarded the John Harvard Fellowship. He was also elected permanent class president. After completing his graduation, he spent five months in Europe, mostly in London and at the University of Heidelberg in Germany, where he studied pathology with Ludolf von Krehl.Career
After returning from Germany, he served as surgical intern at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now Brigham and Women's Hospital) in Boston, Massachusetts. He joined the Harvard Unit of the American Ambulance Hospital in Paris, France in 1915. He declined the invitation by William S. Halsted to run the Hunterian Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University in 1916. He studied immunity at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. The United States entered World War I in 1917. This prompted <mask> to return to France as a captain in the Army Medical Corps assigned to the Harvard Unit, Base Hospital Number 5. He returned to Boston after the end of the war.He joined the Brigham Hospital as resident surgeon. He married Caroline Pollard Parker in the spring of 1919. They had five children. <mask> was an associate in the Department of Surgery at Harvard Medical School and also directed Harvard surgical research laboratory from 1921-23. In 1923 he performed the world’s first successful heart valve surgery. The patient was a 12-year-old girl with rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent mitral valve repair. This surgery was hailed as a milestone by the British Medical Journal.It proved to have a mortality rate of 90 percent and it was abandoned by Cutler in 1928. Surgical repair for mitral valve stenosis was not reattempted until 1945. <mask> left Harvard Medical School in 1924 to become professor of surgery at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and director of surgery at the Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland, Ohio, where he continued his laboratory work. In 1932 he succeeded Harvey Cushing as Moseley Professor of Surgery at Harvard Medical School and Surgeon-in-Chief at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. He held those two positions until his death in 1947. At the outbreak of World War II, the Governor of Massachusetts appointed <mask> as medical director of the state committee on public safety. He was again called into active service in the Army Medical Corps in 1942, and was named Chief Consultant in Surgery in the European Theater of Operations (ETO).Together with William Shainline Middleton, who was the Chief Consultant in Medicine, <mask> structured the system of care for injured and sick U.S. soldiers in the ETO. Later, he served as chief of the professional services division in the office of the surgeon general in Europe. As chief surgical consultant, he played an important role in obtaining blood from the U.S. for use in treating the wounded. He was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General (O7) in 1945. <mask> published papers extensively throughout his career about thyroidectomy, thoracotomy, cardiotomy, and mitral valvulotomy. He was also the co-author of the 1939 book The Atlas of Surgery with Robert M. Zollinger. The book remained a standard surgery textbook throughout the 20th century.<mask> was a member of the Harvard University Board of Overseers from 1927 to 1932. He was President of the Associated Harvard Clubs from 1936 to 1937 and President of the Harvard Alumni Association from 1939 to 1940. Outside of Harvard, <mask> was a member or officer of several medical and scientific organizations, including the American Surgical Association (President, 1947), the American College of Surgeons (fellow), the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, the American Society for Clinical Investigation, and the Society for Clinical Surgery (President, 1941–46). <mask> also served on the editorial boards of several professional publications, including the American Heart Journal, the Journal of Clinical Investigation, Surgery, the American Journal of Surgery, and the British Journal of Surgery. He was a founder of the American Board of Surgery and the Society for Consultants to the Surgeons General of the Armed Forces of the United States. He was also elected a member of the Royal Academy of Medicine in Rome, Italy and an honorary fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons in Britain. Later years & Death
The later years of <mask>'s life were primarily devoted to surgical practice, teaching, and research at Harvard Medical School.On August 16, 1947, he died from metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate at age 59 in Brookline, Massachusetts. His son, <mask><mask> Jr., was a United States Military Academy graduate in the class of 1942. He also attained the rank of Brigadier general. Awards and decorations
In April 1922, <mask> received the Distinguished Service Medal for his military service in the First World War. For his contributions to military medicine in the Second World War, he received a second Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the Legion of Merit from the United States War Department, the Order of the British Empire by King George VI of Britain, the Croix de Guerre by the French government, the Companion of the Order of the Bath, and Chevalier of the Légion d'honneur. In June 1947, he received the prestigious Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal of the Boston Surgical Society for his accomplishments in surgery. The Harvard Medical School established a professorship of surgery in <mask>'s name in 1965.In 1969, the United States Army announced that the new base hospital at the former Fort Devens, Massachusetts would be named in his honor. Here is his ribbon bar:

References

External links
The <mask> <mask> papers can be found at The Center for the History of Medicine at the Countway Library, Harvard Medical School. visit the educational website www.themitralvalve.org

Generals of World War II

1888 births
1947 deaths
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
American surgeons
Case Western Reserve University faculty
<mask> family
Harvard Crimson rowers
Harvard Medical School alumni
Harvard Medical School faculty
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons
People from Bangor, Maine
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals
United States Army Medical Corps officers
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Honorary Members of the Order of the British Empire
Honorary Companions of the Order of the Bath
Harvard College alumni
United States Army generals of World War II

masks:
Elliot Carr Cutler
Cutler
George Chalmers Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Elliott C
. Cutler
Cutler
Cutler
Elliott Carr
Cutler
Cutler


texts:
is a Japanese musician, songwriter and record producer. He is best known as the guitarist and main composer of the rock duo B'z, the best-selling music act in their native Japan. He also has a successful solo career where, in addition to winning several Japan Gold Disc Awards, he won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Album for Take Your Pick (2010), which he made in collaboration with Larry Carlton. Matsumoto is only the fifth guitarist in the world to have his own Gibson signature model guitar. Career
<mask> was inspired to pick up a guitar at the age of 13 when he heard Eric Clapton's playing on The Beatles song "While My Guitar Gently Weeps" for the first time. Reportedly he bought his first electric guitar at age of 15, a Japanese Gibson Les Paul after hearing Deep Purple's guitarist Ritchie Blackmore play "Smoke on the Water on live album Made in Japan. <mask> has said over the years that he has many favorite artists, from whom he has drawn much inspiration, from hard rock particularly such as Deep Purple, Led Zeppelin, Aerosmith and Van Halen and Michael Schenker.He has also cited a love of classical music, which was the catalyst for the incorporation of strings into many B'z compositions. He has also worked with Tokyo Ska Paradise Orchestra for many years, and their work often appears on many of the earlier B'z albums. <mask>'s attended jazz school, but when he started working as a session musician, and supporting tours like TM Network, his musicianship was cemented. His exposure to a myriad of styles helped him to meld his own unique blend, incorporating elements of his jazz training, blues (his incorporation of the style known as "Kansai Blues" is well known), classical, heavy metal, rock, and ska. <mask>'s continued his session work throughout the early and mid-1980s with acts such as Mari Hamada until deciding to jump on the emerging solo instrumental trend catching on in Japan at that time. He recorded solo album Thousand Wave and worked with future globe headliner Tetsuya Komuro as a touring guitarist for Komuro's band TM Network. "99", a simple instrumental incorporating some blistering fretwork, is considered one of his finest works.After his solo album, <mask> decided to try his hand at starting his own band. With his session work behind him, and a burgeoning production career, he started to search for a singer. After being presented with a tape from an unknown session singer known as Koshi Inaba, <mask> was blown away. Their first recorded session was a rendition of "Let It Be" and "Oh! Darling" by The Beatles, and even though the amp blew out, Matsumoto knew he had his new singer. <mask> and Koshi formed the duo B'z and debuted in September 1988. B'z has continued to be one of the most successful bands in the history of Japanese music, helped by the pairing of two very different musical directions.<mask> always drew his tastes from blues, classical, and jazz, while Koshi preferred rock music. <mask> has ongoing friendships with musicians such as Barry Sparks, Marty Friedman, Billy Sheehan, Eddie Van Halen, Eric Martin, Jack Blades, Joe Perry, Pat Torpey, Steven Tyler, and Steve Vai, with whom <mask> and Koshi recorded the song "Asian Sky" from the 1999 album, The Ultra Zone. Billy Sheehan recorded tracks for 1999's Brotherhood album, as well as touring (along with Shane Gaalaas) as support musicians for 2002's Green Live-Gym Tour. In 2002, <mask> contributed music to two songs ("Don't Stop Music!" and "Koiuta") in Misia's fourth album, Kiss in the Sky. She invited him to be a part of the album after discovering his solo work. <mask> Matsumoto Group" with Eric Martin on vocal, Jack Blades on bass, and Brian Tichy on drums, forging ahead with his own brand of musical genius. <mask> played guitar, produced the album and wrote songs while Eric and Jack wrote lyrics. On March, the single "Oh Japan ~Our Time Is Now~", was released. The album TMG I that made Tak go back and forth to US for the recording, was released on June 23. <mask> has had this project idea for a long time; the album mixes rock and oriental sounds. The album topped the chart in the first week. Matsumoto energetically kept working.On July 18, 19 and 20, he had a collaboration concert with Tokyo Symphony Orchestra at Suntory Hall. At this special concert named Tokyo Special Collaboration 2004 Matsumoto Takahiro -HANA-, Tak played B'z hit "Love Phantom" and the solo number "HANA" with only his guitar and Orchestra. Soon after, TMG started its tour rehearsal. From July 30, the "Dodge The Bullet" tour started at Zepp Fukuoka. Chris Frazier who played songs on the B'z album Big Machine joined as the drummer for this tour. TMG had 16 shows in 8 locations including the last show at Nihon Budokan. In November, Matsumoto established his own label "House of Strings" which emphasizes guitarists and string musicians.He recorded again at a studio the songs played with the orchestra in July, and released it as the first House of Strings CD with the same title on the album. It is an instrumental album including Christmas numbers such as "Itsukano Merry Christmas" and "Holy Night". In 2005, he scored the soundtrack for the film Ultraman: The Next, while the next year wrote the music of "Real Face" for KAT-TUN. According to Oricon, "Real Face" became the Japanese best-selling single in 2006. In 2010, after the tour "Ain't No Magic" with B'z, Matsumoto worked with guitarist Larry Carlton. Together they released an album titled Take Your Pick in June 2010, available in Japan and around the world. The album was considered for nomination for nine categories of the 2011 Grammy Awards, and ended up winning the award for Best Pop Instrumental Album.It also won Jazz Album of the Year at the 25th Japan Gold Disc Awards. Together they embarked on a nationwide tour to support the album, with <mask> saying that "felt a little nervous playing "Room 335" with Mr. Larry Carlton every night". In 2016, <mask> released a three-track EP called Enigma, followed in 2017 by a collaboration album between himself and Hawaiian artist Daniel Ho, Electric Island, Acoustic Sea. <mask>'s albums Strings of My Soul (2012) and New Horizon (2014) each won the Japan Gold Disc Award for Instrumental Album of the Year. He won the award a third time for 2020's Bluesman. Legacy
Matsumoto through his B'z fame is credited for the "resurrection and reinvention of the Japanese guitar hero", alongside and in comparison to X Japan guitarist hide, as a model of guitarist more interested in technique, technology and equipment, popularizing the electric guitar as a mass media product in Japan. Terry Burrows considered him the "most highly regarded guitarist to emerge from Asia".<mask> ranked first in a 2011 poll conducted by Japanese search engine goo on who the Japanese people thought was the best guitarist to represent Japan. In 2019, <mask>'s song  was named the 51st best guitar instrumental by Young Guitar Magazine in 2019. Musical equipment
<mask> was given his own Signature Model Les Paul from Gibson in 1999. <mask> was added to the Gibson signature artist club as the first guitarist from Asia. He currently holds the record with 7 different signature models produced, including "Model Double Cutaway". His Les Paul model was also adapted into an Epiphone. In recent years was released signature model "Doublecut Custom Ebony".Aside from guitars, he also owns other instruments, such as a few sitars, electric and otherwise. Discography

With B'z

Solo works

Albums
Thousand Wave (May 21, 1988), Oricon ranking: No. 58
Wanna Go Home (April 22, 1992) No. 3
Rock'n Roll Standard Club (May 15, 1996) No. 2
Thousand Wave Plus (October 7, 1996) No. 25
Knockin' "T" Around (April 14, 1999) No. 5
 (February 27, 2002) No.5
 (February 27, 2002) No. 4
The Hit Parade (November 26, 2003) No. 2
House of Strings (November 24, 2004) No. 7
Theatre of Strings (October 19, 2005) No. 9
Take Your Pick (June 2, 2010) No. 2
Strings of My Soul (June 20, 2012) No. 4
New Horizon (April 20, 2014) No.3
enigma (April 6, 2016) No. 4
Electric Island, Acoustic Sea (February 8, 2017) No. 7
Bluesman (September 2, 2020) No. 3

Singles
'88 ~ Love Story/Love Ya (September 25, 1991) Oricon ranking: No. 8
#1090 Thousand Dreams (March 18, 1992) – Music Station opening theme - No. 3
The Changing (March 25, 1999) No. 3
異邦人 (Ihoujin) (August 27, 2003), features Zard and Matsuda Akiko of Ramjet Pulley, No.2
イミテイション・ゴールド [Imitation Gold] (October 8, 2003), features Mai Kuraki and Nakamura Yuri of GARNET CROW, No. 1

TMG (Tak Matsumoto Group)

Albums
TMG I (June 23, 2004) No. 1

Singles
"Oh Japan ~Our Time Is Now~" (March 31, 2004) No. 3

Video
Dodge The Bullet (December 15, 2004) No. 8

References

External links
B'z official website – also includes <mask> Matsumoto Group members

masks: Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Tak Tak Matsumoto Matsumotok Tak Tak Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Matsumoto Takk


texts:
<mask> () ( 137013May 1408; reigned 3October 139213May 1408) was the twelfth Nasrid ruler of the Muslim Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. He was the son of Yusuf II (reigned 1391–1392) and grandson of <mask> (reigned 1354–1359 and 1362–1391). He came to the throne upon the death of his father. In 1394, he defeated an invasion by the Order of Alcántara. This nearly escalated to a wider war, but <mask> and Henry III of Castile were able to restore peace. In 1404–1405, <mask> concluded a treaty of friendship with Martin I of Aragon and engaged Charles III of Navarre in talks, thwarting Henry III's attempt to enlist those two monarchs as allies against Granada. In 1406, he and Henry III renewed their truce, but it was overshadowed by Muslim raids—possibly not authorized by <mask> VII—on Castilian territories.Henry III was now intent on war against Granada, but on 25December 1406 he died. Henry's 1-year-old son John II became king with his uncle Ferdinand and mother Catherine as regents. Ferdinand marched against Granada's western territories in September 1407 and took Zahara de la Sierra. Meanwhile, <mask> conducted raids and sieges on his northeastern frontiers. In April 1408 <mask> and Ferdinand agreed to a seven-month truce, but on 13May <mask> died. His older brother succeeded him as Yusuf III and extended the truce until April 1410, after which hostilities resumed between Granada and Castile. Background

<mask> was the son of Yusuf II, who was briefly the Sultan of Granada between 1391–1392, and through his father the grandson of the previous sultan, <mask> (reigned 1354–1359 and 1362–1391).He had an older brother, Yusuf (the future Sultan Yusuf III), who was imprisoned in Salobreña at the time of <mask>'s accession, as a result of involvement in a conspiracy. There is a scarcity of Muslim historical sources on events during <mask>'s reign. Most available information comes from Christian sources and therefore relates to his interactions with Christian kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula. Rule

Accession
<mask> came to the throne after the death of his father Yusuf II on 3October 1392 (16Dhu al-Qidah 794 AH). On his accession, he appointed <mask>-Hammami as his vizier or chief minister. He also freed Ibn Zamrak, <mask>'s vizier and a famous poet, who had been imprisoned by Yusuf II. <mask> appointed Ibn Zamrak as the royal katib, or secretary, but he was assassinated in the summer of 1393 and replaced by Abu Bakr <mask> Asim.At the beginning of his rule, he pledged peace with his Christian neighbours: Henry III of Castile and John I of Aragon. Crusade of 1394
In 1394, Martín Yáñez de la Barbuda (or Martín Yáñez "de Barbudo" in some sources), the master of the military Order of Alcántara and a vassal of the king of Castile, organized a crusade against Granada. Despite attempts by Henry III and some Castilian nobles to stop him, Martín proceeded and his forces were enlarged by the people of Córdoba who supported the crusade. Martín and his forces entered Granadan territory on 26April 1394 and marched towards its capital. <mask> sent emissaries to Henry III complaining about this violation of their truce, and Henry III replied that he desired peace and that the crusade was being carried out without his permission. <mask> then mobilized his army and easily defeated Martín's forces. Among the survivors of the Castilian force, 1,200 were captured and 1,500 escaped to Alcalá la Real.<mask> lost 500 foot soldiers. Martín was killed in the fighting and as a sign of displeasure Henry III nominated a member of the rival Order of Calatrava to be the new master of Alcántara. After the failed crusade, tensions were high and there were fears that there would be an all out war between Granada and the Christian kingdoms. Henry III went to the south, and Martín I of Aragón strengthened the defenses of Valencia, both in anticipation of an invasion. <mask> prepared for war, but he too desired peace and in November asked for the truce to be extended. No country wished to escalate the conflict, so an outright war was averted. Renewal of conflict
Despite the mutual desire for peace between <mask> and Henry III, conflict continued along the border thanks to rogue forces on both sides.In May 1397, a group of Franciscan friars entered Granada to try to convert the people to Christianity. <mask> forbade such activities, and when they persisted, he had them whipped. When they continued to preach, <mask> ordered them executed and had their bodies dragged through the streets. In addition to this proselytisation incident, raids and skirmishes were increasingly common on the frontiers. Both authorities found it difficult to prevent unauthorized raids, and once raids had been carried out it proved difficult to restore the peace without losing face. In one raid, some Granadans went as far as Cartagena on the Murcian coast. An even larger raid took place in 1405.On the eastern front, Muslim attacks against Vera and Lorca were repulsed, but the invaders captured Ayamonte, a Castilian castle on Granada's western border. Henry III sent an emissary, Gutierre Diaz, to the Granadan court to protest. Diplomatic maneuvering
Meanwhile, Granada, Aragon, Castile and Navarre (a small Christian kingdom in the north of the peninsula) were engaged in diplomatic communications. In 1404 Granada and Aragon conducted talks in Barcelona. At the same time, Henry III proposed a meeting at Logroño with Martín I of Aragon and Charles III of Navarre to build an anti-Granadan coalition. However, Charles III of Navarre decided to help Granada instead. His kingdom was small, like Granada, and he was worried about the growth of Castilian power.Navarre traditionally had a good relationship with its Muslim minorities, which may have influenced Charles' diplomatic posture. Charles III wrote to "my brother" <mask> telling him of the upcoming Logroño summit against Granada and promising to keep him informed of the outcome. He also sent three ships loaded with wheat, as well as 300 siege machines to help Granada against a potential invasion. Granada-Navarre communications were impeded by their geographical separation—Navarre was in the north of the peninsula while Granada was in the south, and Castilian territories lay between them. A Navarrese ambassador, travelling to Granada via Castile disguised as a merchant, was intercepted by Alfonso Fernández of Aguilar in Alcala de Real. This put an end to Granada-Navarre communications and caused Henry III to cancel the Logroño meeting. Meanwhile, Martin I of Aragon, focused on his problems in Sicily and Sardinia, was also uninterested in a war against Granada.Instead, <mask> and Martin I agreed to a treaty of friendship on 4May 1405. The treaty allowed commerce and prisoner exchanges between the two states. In addition, <mask> would supply Aragon with 400–500 knights and pay their cost of between 2,840 and 3,540 doblas per month. In return, Aragon provided Granada with 4 or 5 galleys crewed by 30 crossbowmen and 220 seamen each, whose costs were also paid by Granada at 900 doblas per galley per month. These forces were to be used by Granada in the event of a war, other than a war against Castile, which was considered Aragon's friend. This treaty was similar to the 1376 treaty between Aragon and Granada. Finally, Granada and Castile concluded a two-year truce in Madrid on 6October 1406 after a long negotiation.Commerce was to be reopened, and frontier judges were appointed to resolve border conflicts. Each side agreed to not to allow their territories to be used to attack the other, and not to give asylum to rebels or corrupt officials attempting to flee the other's jurisdiction. War against Castile
As the truce was concluded, some Muslim forces conducted large-scale attacks in the area around Jaén, including raids on Quesada and Baeza. Castilian troops under Pedro Manrique engaged the Muslims at the inconclusive Battle of Collejares. Given the lack of Muslim sources, it is difficult to know the motivation behind these attacks and whether <mask> instructed or authorized them. Historian L. P. Harvey opined that due to both sides' inability to control all of their forces, the raids were likely conducted by rogue elements. However, with heavy Castilian losses, the truce was no longer tenable and Henry III prepared for a war against Granada.Henry III blamed <mask> for the breakdown of the truce and summoned his Cortes to Toledo in December 1406. While negotiating the Cortes' support for war, Henry III became ill and died on 25December. He was succeeded by his 1-year-old son John II. Henry's brother Ferdinand, the future king of Aragon, who had been representing Henry III during his illness, took up the regency jointly with Henry's widow, Catherine of Lancaster. The Cortes went ahead, and approved funding of 45,000,000 maravedíes for the campaign. The balance of power in the upcoming war was against Granada. Castile's power had been growing, and it enjoyed demographic superiority over the much smaller Granada.In addition, Granada, thanks to <mask>'s policy of independence and of severing ties with North African Muslim states, could not hope for major aid from the Muslims across the sea. Technological developments in artillery as a siege weapon also weighed against Granada, which was expected to be mostly on the defensive in a war against Castile. <mask> struck first, in late August, besieging Jaén on the north-eastern frontier and plundering nearby Bedmar. A Castilian reinforcement forced him to break the siege. In February 1408, he besieged the castle of Alcaudete, between Jaén and Alcalá la Real. His forces fired cannons against the castle and attempted to scale the walls, nearly succeeding in taking it. After four days and after losing 2,500 men he abandoned the siege.Meanwhile, on 7September 1407 Ferdinand marched against Ronda, in Granada's western territories. While Ronda was too strongly defended to be directly assaulted, he attacked the smaller castles surrounding it. Zahara de la Sierra was the first target, and Ferdinand laid siege on 26September. In earlier times, Zahara had been very defensible, but Ferdinand's three cannons made short work of the defenses, knocking down towers and making breaches in the wall. With no relief force expected, the castle surrendered on 30September. Another castle, Ortejícar, fell on 12October. Ferdinand had also been besieging Setenil since 5October, which held out despite heavy bombardment.With food dwindling, troops deserting and winter approaching, Ferdinand abandoned the siege on 25October and returned to Seville. Frontier skirmishes and pillaging continued in the following weeks. <mask>, outnumbered and unlikely to receive external help, requested a truce in April 1408. Ferdinand himself was under pressure from his Cortes because of <mask>'s attacks against Castilian towns on the frontier. A truce was agreed, to last from 15April to 15November 1408. Death
<mask> VII died on 13May 1408 and was replaced by his older brother, Yusuf III. According to a story, which Harvey states "has every appearance of a fiction", just before his death <mask> ordered the execution of Yusuf.Yusuf asked the executioners for a chance to play a last game of chess. According to this story, he managed the make the game last so long that before it finished <mask> died and Yusuf's supporters rescued him from prison and put him on the throne. <mask>'s death invalidated the truce, but Yusuf III negotiated an extension to last until April 1409, later extended to August 1409 and then April 1410. After this truce expired, hostilities commenced again between Castile and Granada. Evaluation of rule
<mask> abandoned the policy of pursuing peace championed by his grandfather <mask>. He did not shy away from war and led multiple raids himself. However, the period of his rule marked the increasing dominance of Castile vis-a-vis Granada. Granada could no longer rely on organized support from North African Muslims, even though a small number of religiously-motivated fighters did cross the strait.In contrast, Castile grew stronger and its manpower started to recover after the end of the Black Death. Castile's increased use of artillery as an offensive weapon, which was itself increasing in effectiveness, gave it an advantage over Granada, which largely fought a defensive war. <mask>'s rule also saw the start of a border conflict between frontiersmen from each side, which the central authorities found difficult to control. The conflict often took the form of raids for little benefit except heroism; these were the subject of the famous Castilian border ballads (romances fronterizos). During his reign Granada lost further territory, including Zahara de la Sierra. References

Citations

Bibliography

Sultans of Granada
14th-century monarchs in Europe
15th-century monarchs in Europe
1408 deaths
14th century in Al-Andalus
15th century in Al-Andalus
14th-century Al-Andalus people
15th-century Al-Andalus people
14th-century Arabs
15th-century Arabs

masks:
Muhammad VII
Muhammad V
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad V
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad al
Muhammad V
Muhammad VII
Muhammad ibn
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad V
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad VII
Muhammad V
Muhammad VII


texts:
<mask> (August 9, 1942 – January 22, 2001) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a center fielder from  through , most notably as a member of the New York Mets team that became known as the Miracle Mets when, they rose from being perennial losers to defeat the favored Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series for one of the most improbable upsets in World Series history. Agee performed two impressive defensive plays in center field to help preserve a Mets victory in the third game of the series. The two-time Gold Glove Award winner was named the AL Rookie of the Year in 1966 as a member of the Chicago White Sox. He also played for the Cleveland Indians, Houston Astros and the St. Louis Cardinals. In 2002, Agee was posthumously inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame. Early life
Agee was born in Magnolia, Alabama, and played baseball and football at Mobile County Training School with future New York Mets teammate Cleon Jones.After one season at Grambling State University (), Agee signed with the Cleveland Indians for a $60,000 bonus. Career

Cleveland Indians
After two seasons in the Indians' farm system with the AAA Portland Beavers, Agee received a September call-up to Cleveland in . With the Indians already behind 11-1 to the Minnesota Twins, Agee made his major league debut on September 14 at Metropolitan Stadium pinch-hitting for pitcher Bill Dailey in the ninth inning. He received September call-ups to the majors the following two seasons as well, playing a total of 31 games with the Indians in which he batted .170 with one home run and five runs batted in. Following the  season, he was dealt to the Chicago White Sox  with Tommy John as part of a three team blockbuster trade between the Indians, White Sox and Kansas City Athletics that returned All-Star Rocky Colavito to the Indians. Chicago White Sox
Agee batted just .226 with the Pacific Coast League's Indianapolis Indians, and .158 in ten games with the White Sox in . After earning the starting center fielder job in spring training , he hit a two-run home run in the season opener, and was batting .264 with nine home runs and 38 RBIs to be named the White Sox's sole representative at the 1966 Major League Baseball All-Star Game.He ended the season with a .273 batting average, 22 home runs and 86 RBIs to earn American League Rookie of the Year honors, while his defense in center field earned him a Gold Glove. Although he was technically in his 5th major league season, MLB's classification of a rookie is determined by plate appearances and time on a major league roster. Agee's September call-ups had been so brief and his playing time so scarce that he was still eligible for the award. Agee was batting .247 with ten home runs and 35 RBIs to earn his second consecutive All-Star selection in . His production fell off considerably in the second half of the season (he hit only four home runs after the All-Star break), and ended the season batting .234 with 52 RBIs. Though they finished the season in fourth place, Chicago finished only three games back of the first place Boston Red Sox, and battled Boston, the Detroit Tigers and Minnesota Twins until the final week of the season. On a team loaded with pitching and short on offense (no regular batted over .241), the team's lack of offense possibly cost the White Sox the American League pennant.To alleviate this problem, the White Sox imported perennial .300 hitter Tommy Davis, along with pitcher Jack Fisher and two minor leaguers, from the New York Mets for Agee and Al Weis. New York Mets

Agee was hit in the head by Bob Gibson on the very first pitch thrown to a Mets batter in spring training . At the beginning of the regular season, he went 0-for-10 in a 24-inning affair with the Houston Astros that saw his batting average go from .313 to .192. It led to an 0-for-34 slump that brought his average down to .102. For the season, he batted .217 with five home runs and 17 RBIs. 1969 season
Agee got his first career multi-home run game in the third game of the  season, against the Montreal Expos, one of which went halfway up in section 48 of the left field upper deck at Shea Stadium, a feat that was never matched. Expos right fielder Mack Jones said the ball was still rising when it came into contact with the stands.To commemorate the home run, there was a painted sign in that section of the stadium with Agee's name and uniform number and the date. He also had his first four-hit game on May 2 (four for four with a walk and a home run). By May 21, Agee was batting over .300, and the Mets won their third game in a row for a .500 winning percentage 36 games into the season for the first time in franchise history. This was followed by a five-game losing streak that saw the Mets fall into fourth place in the newly aligned National League East. The Mets then went on an 11-game winning streak that included a two-home run, four-hit performance by Agee against the San Francisco Giants in the final game of the streak. By this point, the Mets were in second place, seven games back of the Chicago Cubs. The Mets were two and a-half games back on September 8 when the Cubs came to Shea to open a crucial two game series with the Mets.Cubs starter Bill Hands knocked down the first batter he faced, <mask>, who had been moved into the lead-off spot in the line-up, in the bottom half of the first inning. Jerry Koosman hit the next Cubs batter he faced, Ron Santo, in the hand, breaking it. Agee himself retaliated by hitting a two-run home run in the third, and scored the winning run of the game on a Wayne Garrett single in the sixth inning. The Mets swept the Expos in a double header on September 10. Coupled with a Cubs loss, the Mets moved into first place for the first time ever during the 1969 season. The Mets would not relinquish their lead from this point. On September 24, the New York Mets clinched the NL East as Donn Clendenon hit two home runs in a 6-0 Mets win over Steve Carlton and the St. Louis Cardinals (who struck out a record 19 Mets nine days earlier in a losing effort).For the season, Agee batted .271 while leading his team with 26 home runs, 97 runs scored and 76 RBIs. Along with Cy Young Award winner Tom Seaver and Cleon Jones, he was one of three Mets to finish in the top ten in NL MVP Award balloting, being also named the Sporting News NL Comeback Player of the Year. 1969 World Series
Agee batted .357 with two home runs and four RBIs in the Mets' three-game sweep of the Atlanta Braves in the 1969 National League Championship Series. The Mets were heavy underdogs heading into the World Series against the Baltimore Orioles. In Game 3 (the first World Series home game in Mets history), with the series tied 1–1, Agee had what Sports Illustrated called the greatest single performance by a center fielder in World Series history. In the first inning, Agee hit a leadoff home run off Jim Palmer for what would eventually be the game-winning hit and RBI, as the Mets shut out the Orioles, 5–0. In the same game, Agee also made two catches that potentially saved five runs.The first catch came in the fourth inning with Gary Gentry pitching and two outs and runners on first and third. Agee, playing the left-handed hitting Elrod Hendricks to pull, made a backhanded catch near the base of the wall in left centerfield. The second catch came in the seventh inning with Nolan Ryan relieving Gentry; the bases were loaded with two outs, and Agee made a headfirst dive in right centerfield on a ball hit by Paul Blair. 1970–72
Agee began the  season by going on a 20-game hitting streak from April 16 to May 9. He enjoyed one of the finest games of his career on June 12, when he went four for five with two home runs and four runs scored, and he would go on to be named NL Player of the Month for June with a .364 batting average, 11 home runs, and 30 RBI. He also hit for the cycle on July 6. Agee displayed his spectacular and daring base running in the 10th inning in the NY Mets 2-1 win over the LA Dodgers when he stole second, took third on a wild pitch and surprised every one when he stole home for the victory!For the season, Agee batted .286, and established a Mets season record for hits with 182, runs with 107, and stolen bases with 31. He also won his second Gold Glove award, making him the first African-American to win a Gold Glove in both leagues. Chronic knee injuries hampered Agee in  and , though he still batted .285 and tied for the Mets lead with 14 home runs in 1971. In 1972, he finished second on the Mets with 47 RBIs despite batting only .227. Later career
Agee was traded from the Mets to the Houston Astros for Rich Chiles and Buddy Harris at the Winter Meetings on November 27, 1972. He faced the Mets for the first time in his career on April 24, and went two for three with a walk and a run scored in the Astros' 4-2 victory. He was batting .235 with eight home runs and 15 RBIs when the Astros dealt him to the St. Louis Cardinals on August 18, who were in a battle with the Mets and Pittsburgh Pirates in the NL East.Following the season, he was dealt to the Los Angeles Dodgers, but was released during spring training. Though he never made a regular season appearance with the Dodgers, his final baseball card was #630T in the 1974 Topps Traded series, which depicted him as a Dodger. Career statistics

Retirement
After retirement, he operated the Outfielder's Lounge near Shea Stadium. Agee was also known as the most active former Met, taking part in many charitable events and children's baseball clinics around both the New York area and Mobile. He appeared as himself in a  episode of Everybody Loves Raymond along with several other members of the 1969 Mets. <mask> visited Shea Stadium often and appeared at old timers games and card shows. He was later inducted into the Mobile Sports Hall of Fame and the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame.Personal life
Agee and his wife Maxcine had a daughter, Jnelle. Death
Agee suffered a heart attack while leaving a Midtown Manhattan office building on January 22, , and died later that day at Bellevue Hospital Center, aged 58. He was buried in Pine Crest Cemetery in Mobile, Alabama. Agee was posthumously inducted into the New York Mets Hall of Fame in . See also
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle

References

External links
, or Baseball Almanac, or Retrosheet

<mask> Agee at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1942 births
2001 deaths
African-American baseball players
American League All-Stars
Baseball players from Alabama
Burlington Indians players (1958–1964)
Charleston Indians players
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Dubuque Packers players
Florida Instructional League White Sox players
Gold Glove Award winners
Grambling State Tigers baseball players
Houston Astros players
Indianapolis Indians players
Jacksonville Suns players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award winners
Navegantes del Magallanes players
New York Mets players
People from Marengo County, Alabama
Portland Beavers players
St. Louis Cardinals players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
20th-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Tommie Lee Agee
Agee
Tommie
Tommie


texts:
<mask> was born as the younger of the two sons of Shams Tabrizi and Shams Sabzwari in 1213 AC. His grand parents named him Alauddin Muhammad, but when his father returned from Tabriz to see his newborn baby, he changed the name from Alauddin Muhammad to Syed Ahmad because he had a dream to this effect in Tabriz. The new baby showed the signs of a born Hafiz and so came to be known as Zinda Pir from his very infancy. He got the title of Shakarbar in Sabzwar and of Hajib in Makkah, and became so famous with the sweet combination of Hajib Shakarbar that his original names went into total oblivion. He joined his father in Multan, Pakistan, with his elder brother Naseeruddin, and a large armed escort of Turkish, Iraqi and Kabul fighters in 1289 AC. In early 1302 he arrived with his faithful soldiers in Narhar on a preaching mission, where a fighting was imposed on him by the then Raja of Narhar, which the Hajibi army won. Three nights later, however, the defeated Raja, who had fled to Sambar, staged a late night surprise raid and killed <mask> who was offering his late night prayers.The Hajibi forces eventually won, killed the Raja and renamed the town as Narhar Sharif. The Grand Dargah Complex was built by a passing Hindu tradesman, who was impressed by the downpour of sugary white granules on and around the great Saint's grave in the year 1445. He later converted to Islam, memorised the Quran and became the first ever Imam of the Dargah's new built mosque. Lineage and background
Syed Ahmad <mask> Shakarbaar's lineage goes up to Imam Muhammad Ja'far al-Sadiq through his elder son Imam Muhammad Isma'il ibn Jafar. Early life

Birth and names
He was born in the year 1213 AC (590 Hijri). Titles
When he was 14, he earned the title of Shakarbar (one who cause a rain of sugar or, one for whom sugar is rained), because he had caused such a downpour by praying to Allah in favour of a poor old woman near Sabzwar in 1227. Journey to Multan
When his father Shams Sabzwari, more popularly known as Shams Tabrizi, settled in Multan in 1288, he called his wife and the families of his two sons to Multan for settlement there, advising them to go to Konya first to condole Jalaluddin Rumi’s eldest son Shaikh Bahauddin Muhammad Sultan Walad for the demise of his father, and then to Baghdad to thank King Nikodar (see Nausherwani tombs) for whatever he did for their own father when he was in Baghdad.Visit to Konya
Shams's core and extended families decided to visit Konya first in Turkey and then Baghdad on their way to Multan city. Visit to Baghdad
From Konya, the heavily escorted family procession proceeded to Baghdad where too they were received by King Nikodar (see Nausherwani tombs) outside the city who kept them in his palaces as guests of honour for three days. Arrival in Multan
In Multan too, they were met by a large group of notable citizens led by Shams, Baha-ud-din Zakariya, Sadruddin Arif (see Baha-ud-din Zakariya)  and other leading Sufi Sheikhs. Shams's family members were taken to his residential quarters in the city, while the large accompanying lashkar that had further swelled on the way by experienced fighters joining voluntarily from Gardez, Gazni, Zabul and Kabul, was camped outside the city, where the present railway station stands today. Teaching and preaching undertaken
When <mask> <mask> wanted the members of his armed lashkar sent back to their countries of origin, his father Shams forbade him doing so, telling him that he would need them to be with him while on a preaching mission in a difficult area soon. Submitting to the advice of his father, <mask> <mask> started to engage in preaching missions in the surrounding areas, as well as teaching in various madrasas in Multan, and in particular, lecturing at the Darul Ulum in nearby Uch established by his elder brother and run by his nephews. The last family meeting
Towards the end of the year 1297 the aging and ailing Head of the family, Shams Sabzwari popularly known as Shams Tabrez gathered the male members of his extended household together to speak his last wishes to them.Amongst other advice, he prescribed areas of d’awa missions for his sons, grand and greatgrandchildren. <mask> <mask> got the area then called Baagar (hard r), referring in particular to the state of Narhar in the Rajasthan province. The ruling Raja there was known to be a notoriously anti Islam person. In the same historic meeting, <mask> <mask>'s ten-year-old son, Syed Shamsuddin Saani (Shmsuddin II), was assigned the area around the city of Allahabad in the
then Upper Province (U.P) of India, now named as Uttar Pradesh. Death of Shams Sabzwari
Soon after the last family meeting, the health of Shams began to deteriorate and his family had to confine him to his bed for resting. Later in the same year, 1298 (675 Hijri), he died at the age of 115 years, to widespread mourning. The news also reached Baghdad, Konya, Tabriz and sabzwar district where official mourning periods were declared.Supervising the construction of father's tomb
<mask> <mask> and his eldest grand nephew Pir Sadruddin joined hands to start the construction of a befitting tomb on the grave of their departed elder buried on a high ground near Multan’s famous garden known as the Aam Khas Baagh. Soon prince Nikobakht of Baghdad came in with some financial support and a grand mausoleum was completed in two years time in 1300 AC. About some four centuries later, the then ruler of Multan Mir Safdar Ali ordered a reconstruction of the mausoleum. The reconstruction of the new extended mausoleum started in 1814 and was completed in 1817 AC. Undertaking the assigned Dawa mission

Departure for Nahar (Narhar)

<mask> <mask> informed the Chaudhari of Jhajjar of his preaching assignment given to him by his late father. The Chaudhari was a Muslim friendly person and most of his cabinet was made up of Muslim ministers, some of whom knew and liked Shams Tabrizi of Multan. The Chaudhari sent a letter of consent that he would host only half of his armed lashkar proposing at the same time that the other half may well be hosted by the neighbouring Nawwab of Farrukhnagar on Jhajjar’s request.<mask> arrived in Jhajjar with his army and after a few days travelled to Farrukhnagar with his twelve-year-old son plus half of his army, as the Nawwab had agreed to host. From Farrukhnagar <mask> took his son to Allahabad city where he was admitted in a madrasa run by a Sheikh known to the Shams family. After staying with his son in Allahabad for some time, <mask> Shakaber returned to Farrukhnagar, where the Nawwab treated him as a royal guest for four days and then personally escorted him and his army to Jhajjar. In Jhajjar <mask> mentioned to them that his first area of d’awa mission was the state of Narhar. Both the Chaudhari and the Nawwab opposed his idea on grounds that Raja Sripal Singh of Narhar is a very uncompromising man and would not permit him to work in that state, especially so if he went there with the size of an armed force that he had with him. However, <mask> <mask> insisted to go, saying "Allah will be with us". Arrival in Narhar and hostile reaction of Raja Sripal
Just before entering the city of Narhar, which the Nehra Jat Ruler had renamed first as Nahar, then as Srinagar and finally as Sripalnagar, <mask> <mask> split his armed Lashkar in three parts.He returned the first part to Jhajjar to tell the Chaudhari that all was well so far, and to start da’wa work there; ordered the second part to hide in the thick forest just on the outskirts of Narhar, while entered the city with Moulana Qamruddin Kabuli as his deputy commander leading the last third portion of his lashkar. Fighting imposed
Camping in an open field, about a mile from the Raja’s Palaces and army headquarters, he sent Moulana Qamruddin Kabuli as an emissary to the Raja to seek permission for peaceful d’awa work in his state. The Moulana came back with a 24-hour ultimatum to leave the state. However, the Raja’s soldiers did not wait for the 24 hours to pass and killed three Hajibi soldiers for which <mask> demanded ‘blood money‘ from the Raja before considering a withdrawal. The demand was responded by a full blooded attack, and a battle ensued. The Naharian fighters had no experience of facing foreign troops like <mask> <mask> had. In addition, the Hajibi soldiers hidden in the adjoining forest soon gave a decisive surprise and the Raja fled away leaving many of his soldiers dead and captured.The victorious forces declared a general amnesty and gave back the city its original name of Narhar. The Treacherous Night Raid and the Martyrdoms
Sripal, with some of his officers fled to Sambar, where his brother-in-law was a powerful Raja. For two days a night raid was planned to retake Narhar from the ‘invading’ forces. The treacherous night raid was executed with a planned suddenness that inflicted heavy losses on the unprepared Hajibi lashkar. <mask> <mask> was martyred while praying his Tahajjudvery late night/early morning voluntary prayers) and a number of his commanders got martyred while rushing in a disarray to save their leader. Commander Moulana Qamar Kabuli fell only about 200 yards from the spot of his leader's martyrdom, while Commander Mardaan Ghayb Shah fell in a 60 feet deep ditch some 1500 yards from the spot and was martyred by Sripal's raiding soldiers in that ditch. However, within the hour the Hajibi forces were able to get to their arms and regroup.Some fast horsemen rushed to Jhajjar to inform the commanders stationed there and by the next afternoon all was over for Sripal. The Raja of sambar fled seeing his brother-in-law slain and Narhar was, again, in the hands of the <mask> lashkar, this time for good. Thus, in late 1302 AC  Sripalnagar was permanently renamed as Narhar Sharif. All the Shaheeds were buried at the spots where they fell martyred and soon an amnesty was granted to the defeated Naharians of all faiths. Shakarbari Feat starts

A Free For All Hospital
Because <mask> <mask> was a known spiritual mystic from a very early age, and because he died for the sake of Allah as a Shaheed, anecdotes associated with him are in thousands. The list of his very frequent interactions with my own father is very long, which I have described in my two books mentioned above. Here, I shall only describe what I saw from age five till fourteen, that is, when we had to leave Narhar Sharif due to migration to Pakistan; and what I write may be verified from hundreds of my relatives and town mates in Hyderabad Sindh as well as from hundreds of Narhari Turks living in Moro Sindh.I clearly remember one occasion of sugar falling on the great Dargah all day one day when I was about seven. Besides, I saw the huge Dargah filled with families starting to come with their multifarious wishes, needs and ailments on every Wednesday afternoon to fill the residential halls by Thursday noon; and people returning happy and cured after Friday Prayers. This weekly routine, I hear is still on today, with the number of visitors very much increased. The Hajibi Dargah is a free for all hospital, free of cost and without any discrimination of faith, caste, creed or colour. People from near and far come with all sorts of visible and invisible ailments, rub the sand of the Dargah on their bodies and eat it as well. They put the soot collected from the oil lamp, that is lit all night in the mazar chamber, for their sight defects and eyes ailments. The sight that most fascinated boys of my age group was that families brought their dear ones that had gone insane, some of them so mad that they had to be kept in strong chains tied to the historical Imli tree just a few yards away from the Buland Darwaza.Such families had to spend two to six weeks in the Dargah rubbing sand all over the mentally ill person. Invariably, all of them went back from Narhar as normal persons. References

Indian Sufis
Sufi mystics
Sufi poets
Mystic poets
1303 deaths
1213 births
Punjabi Sufis
People from Multan

masks:
Hajib Shakarbar
Hajib Shakarbar
Hajib
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Shakarbar
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajib
Shakarbar
Hajibi
Hajib
Shakarbar