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<mask> (December 9, 1925 – August 4, 2015) was a Pittsburgh based philanthropist and a former Republican National Committeewoman. She was the wife of billionaire industrialist <mask>. During her life, Hillman helped to advance the careers of a number of moderate Republican politicians to state and national offices. Among the politicians whose careers she fostered are President George H. W. Bush, Senator John Heinz, and Pennsylvania governors Dick Thornburgh and Tom Ridge. She worked with Democrats and Republicans on civil rights, women’s rights, and jobs in the Pittsburgh region. Known for her down-to-earth nature and sense of humor, Pittsburghers regularly encountered "<mask>" in her signature headband, as she was active as a philanthropist and civic leader in the city and region. Early life
<mask> was born in Fox Chapel, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, to Thomas Jones Hilliard and Marianna Talbott Hilliard.She was raised in the Fox Chapel and Hampton Township areas of Allegheny County before her family moved into the City of Pittsburgh. <mask>'s mother served on the boards of non-profit organizations, volunteered to spot aircraft over Pittsburgh during WWII, and headed up the citywide effort to raise money to buy mobile kitchens and hospital equipment for war-bombed England. <mask> began her own volunteering by cleaning instruments for surgeries at Eye and Ear Hospital in Pittsburgh, selling War Bonds, and knitting socks for soldiers. During her elementary and upper school years, Hillman attended the Ellis School in Pittsburgh and the Ethel Walker School in Connecticut. After she graduated from high school, Hillman went to Westminster Choir College in Princeton, N.J. to study piano and voice. (Her grandmother, Catherine Hauk Talbott, founded the college, which now is part of Rider University.) By then, she had fallen in love with <mask>, a U.S. Navy pilot whom she had met years earlier in Pittsburgh.They were wed in 1945. The Hillmans lived in New York and Texas, returning to the City of Pittsburgh at the end of the war. Political life
Hillman first ventured into politics as a young woman, campaigning for Republican presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower because she saw him as a war hero. She had already registered as a Republican—both because of family tradition and the party’s support for women, including the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) (which the party supported in its platform until 1980). After Ike’s successful campaigns, Hillman remained involved in the Republican party during the 1960s as a volunteer at the local level. Her work in Pittsburgh and Allegheny County caused her to see how few African American men or women were involved in her party, so she arranged to meet with the county party chairman to raise the issue. He suggested that she meet Wendell Freeland, an African American lawyer and Tuskegee Airman, to team-up to recruit more volunteers and candidates from the city’s African American community.Hillman and Freeland did this, going on to organize neighborhoods across the City of Pittsburgh and becoming lifelong friends through political and civic work that spanned decades. Their work took Hillman into neighborhoods of Pittsburgh and the county she had never been. It was during this period that she developed her connections with African American leaders as well as a sense of outrage about the civil rights being denied to Black Americans. She volunteered for the board of directors of several traditionally African American organizations, including the Hill House Association, and began to speak publicly for civil rights. Hillman and Freeland were able to reach African American voters in ways that the party had not before Never a Spectator and they organized large-scale events, including a 17,000-person rally for William Scranton when he ran for governor; Scranton was elected in 1962. Because of Scranton’s moderate views and strong support of Civil Rights legislation, Hillman backed his candidacy during the 1964 Republican presidential primary in San Francisco (after having worked actively for Nelson Rockefeller, who withdrew from the race). She witnessed the poor treatment of African American Republican delegates by some of those who opposed Scranton.Scranton ultimately lost the nomination to Senator Barry Goldwater, who would go on to be defeated in the general election by Lyndon Johnson. Hillman worked to elect Senator Hugh Scott, who had led the Republican National Committee and would rise to the position of Senate Minority Leader. With Scott’s encouragement, she ran for the position of chair of the Allegheny County Republican Party and was elected to the job in 1967—the first woman elected to head the party of an urban area. It was during her time as party chair that she worked to field winning candidates and develop connections with her counterparts across the state of Pennsylvania, including the members of the Republican State Committee of Pennsylvania. During and after her tenure as party chair, Hillman worked to advance moderate candidates who supported civil rights and women’s rights—urging them to run, helping them to organize their campaigns (often staffing them, as a volunteer), and connecting them with the leaders of organized labor and other influential groups. She and her family made extensive contributions to campaigns as well, eventually establishing a political action committee to support moderate candidates. She was also known as a supporter of abortion rights.In 1975, the State Committee of Pennsylvania elected <mask> to the Republican National Committee (RNC). She served as a national committeewoman until 1996. She work on George H. W. Bush's 1980 campaign and helped him win the Pennsylvania primary. Ronald Reagan won the party nomination, but Bush was his vice-presidential running mate. She was honored as "Woman of the Year" for 1982 by Vectors/Pittsburgh. In 2002, she was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Sy Snyder's Power 50." In 2003, she was named to the PoliticsPA "Power 50" list.She was named to the PoliticsPA list of "Pennsylvania's Most Politically Powerful Women." In 2010, Politics Magazine named her one of the most influential Republicans in Pennsylvania, calling her the "grand dame of big tent Republican politics." Philanthropy
She was chair of the Elsie H. Hillman Foundation, a trustee of the Hillman Family Foundations, co-chair of the UPCI and UPMC CancerCenter Council, and served as a board member of WQED, the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Hill House Association

Personal life
Hillman died of heart failure on August 4, 2015, at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Among the numerous political, civic, business, and medical leaders who attended her memorial service at Calvary Episcopal Church were former Pennsylvania governors Tom Corbett, Tom Ridge, and Dick Thornburgh. Burial was at Homewood Cemetery in Pittsburgh. Elsie H. Hillman Papers
University of Pittsburgh received Hillman's personal papers in 2013. They are stored and made accessible Archives Service Center of the University of Pittsburgh’s Library System.This collection amounts to over a hundred boxes. The papers are divided into fourteen sections:

Series I. Republican Party Activity
Series II. Political Campaigns
Series III. Other Political Activity
Series IV. Community Involvement
Series V. Speeches and Writings
Series VI. Awards contains material and records
Series VII. Subject Files
Series VIII.National Awareness documents, the Blair House Restoration Foundation and the White House Endowment Fund. Series IX. General Correspondence contains letters written to and from <mask>. Series X. Personal (Friends and Family) documents <mask>’s own personal life, as well as those of her friends and family members. Series XI. Public Profiles contains articles and newspaper clippings
Series XII.Photographs contains many photographs
Series XIII. Political memorabilia, campaign buttons, and other objects. Series XIV. Audio-Video of interviews, news programs, and live events

See also
Hillman Library – named for the Hillman family

References

External links
 Biographical work on Hillman

2015 deaths
Westminster Choir College alumni
Pennsylvania Republicans
1925 births
Politicians from Pittsburgh
Women in Pennsylvania politics
Burials at Homewood Cemetery
The Ellis School alumni
20th-century American philanthropists
20th-century American women
21st-century American women

masks:
Elsie Hilliard Hillman
Henry Hillman
Elsie
Hillman
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Elsie Hillman
Henry Hillman
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<mask> (, ; born 23 February 1954) is a Ukrainian politician who was the third President of Ukraine from 23 January 2005 to 25 February 2010. As an informal leader of the Ukrainian opposition coalition, he was one of the two main candidates in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election. <mask> won the presidency through a repeat runoff election between him and Prime Minister <mask>. The Ukrainian Supreme Court called for the runoff election to be repeated because of widespread electoral fraud in favor of Yanukovych in the original vote. <mask> won in the revote (52% to 44%). Public protests prompted by the electoral fraud played a major role in that presidential election and led to Ukraine's Orange Revolution. Following an assassination attempt in late 2004 during his election campaign, <mask> was confirmed to have ingested hazardous amounts of TCDD, the most potent dioxin and a contaminant in Agent Orange.He suffered disfigurement as a result of the poisoning, but has since made a full recovery. Before his election as president, <mask> had already had a career in Ukrainian politics. In 1993, he became governor (head) of the National Bank of Ukraine. From 1999 to 2001 he was prime minister. After his dismissal as prime minister, <mask> went into opposition to President Leonid Kuchma and he founded the Our Ukraine bloc, which at the 2002 parliamentary election became Ukraine's most popular political force, with 23.57% of the votes. After <mask>'s election in 2004 to the presidency, this alliance was unable to continue this success, garnering only 13.95% of the votes in 2006 and 14.15% of the votes in the 2007 parliamentary election. <mask> failed to secure a run-off spot during the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election; gaining 5.5% of the vote.During the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections, <mask> headed the election list of Our Ukraine. The party won 1.11% of the national votes and no constituencies, and thus failed to win parliamentary representation. Early life
<mask> was born on 23 February 1954, in Khoruzhivka, Sumy Oblast, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union, into a family of teachers. His father, Andriy Andriyovych <mask> (1919–1992) fought in the Second World War, was captured by German forces and imprisoned as a POW in a series of concentration camps in the German Reich, including Auschwitz-Birkenau. He survived the ordeal, and after returning home, taught English at a local school. <mask>'s mother, Varvara Tymofiyovna <mask> (1918–2005), taught physics and mathematics at the same school. The Sumy Oblast region where he was born is predominantly Ukrainian-speaking, and this differentiated him in later life from his political counterparts, for whom Russian was the mother tongue.<mask> graduated from the Ternopil Finance and Economics Institute in 1975 and began work as an accountant, as a deputy to the chief accountant in a kolkhoz. Then, from 1975 to 1976, he served as a conscript in the Transcaucasian Military District on the Soviet–Turkish border. Central banker

In 1976, <mask> began a career in banking. In 1983, he became the Deputy Director for Agricultural Credit at the Ukrainian Republican Office of the Soviet Union State Bank. From 1990 to 1993, he worked as vice-chairman and first vice-chairman of the JSC Agroindustrial Bank Ukraina. In 1993, he was appointed Governor of the National Bank of Ukraine (Ukraine's central bank). In 1997, Verkhovna Rada, the parliament of Ukraine, re-appointed him.As a central banker, <mask> played an important part in the creation of Ukraine's national currency, the hryvnia, and the establishment of a modern regulatory system for commercial banking. He also successfully overcame a debilitating wave of hyper-inflation that hit the country—he brought inflation down from more than 10,000 percent to less than 10 percent—and managed to defend the value of the currency following the 1998 Russian financial crisis. In 1998, he wrote a thesis entitled "The Development of Supply and Demand of Money in Ukraine" and defended it in the Ukrainian Academy of Banking. He thereby earned a doctorate in economics. Prime minister
In December 1999, Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma unexpectedly nominated <mask> to be the prime minister after the parliament failed by one vote to ratify the previous candidate, Valeriy Pustovoytenko. Ukraine's economy improved during <mask>'s cabinet service. However, his government, particularly Deputy Prime Minister Yulia Tymoshenko, soon became embroiled in a confrontation with influential leaders of the coal mining and natural gas industries.The conflict resulted in a no-confidence vote by the parliament on 26 April 2001, orchestrated by the Communist Party of Ukraine, who opposed <mask>'s economic policies, and by centrist groups associated with the country's powerful "oligarchs." The vote passed 263 to 69 and resulted in <mask>'s removal from office. "Our Ukraine" leader

In 2002, <mask> became the leader of the Our Ukraine (Nasha Ukrayina) political coalition, which received a plurality of seats in the year's parliamentary election. However, the number of seats won was not a majority, and efforts to form a majority coalition with other opposition parties failed. Since then, <mask> has remained the leader and public face of the Our Ukraine parliamentary faction. In 2001, both <mask> and Yulia Tymoshenko broached at creating a broad opposition bloc against the incumbent President Leonid Kuchma in order to win the Ukrainian presidential election 2004. In late 2002 <mask>, Oleksandr Moroz (Socialist Party of Ukraine), Petro Symonenko (Communist Party of Ukraine) and Yulia Tymoshenko (Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc) issued a joint statement concerning "the beginning of a state revolution in Ukraine".Though the communists stepped out of the alliance and though Symonenko opposed having one single candidate from the alliance in the 2004 presidential election, the other three parties remained allies until July 2006. On 2 July 2004, Our Ukraine and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc established the Force of the people, a coalition which aimed to stop "the destructive process that has, as a result of the incumbent authorities, become a characteristic for Ukraine", at the time President Kuchma and Prime Minister <mask>ych were the incumbent authorities in Ukraine. The pact included a promise by <mask> to nominate Tymoshenko as Prime Minister if he won the October 2004 presidential election. <mask> was widely regarded as the moderate political leader of the anti-Kuchma opposition, since other opposition parties were less influential and had fewer seats in parliament. Since becoming President of Ukraine in 2005, he has been an honorary leader of the Our Ukraine party. From 2001 to 2004, his rankings in popularity polls were higher than those of President Leonid Kuchma. In later public opinion polls, though, his support plummeted from a high of 52% following his election in 2004 to below 4%.However, in the parliamentary elections of March 2006, the Our Ukraine party, led by Prime Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov, received less than 14% of the national vote, taking third place behind the Party of Regions and the Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc. In a poll by the Sofia Social Research Centre between 27 July and 7 August 2007 more than 52% of those polled said they distrusted <mask>. Presidential election of 2004

In 2004, as President Kuchma's term came to an end, <mask> announced his candidacy for president as an independent. His major rival was Prime Minister <mask>ych. Since his term as prime minister, <mask> had slightly modernized his political platform, adding social partnership and other liberal slogans to older ideas of European integration, including Ukraine's joining NATO and fighting corruption. Supporters of <mask> were organized in the "Syla Narodu" ("Power to the People") electoral coalition, which he and his political allies led, with the Our Ukraine coalition as the main constituent force. <mask> built his campaign on face-to-face communication with voters, since the government prevented most major TV channels from providing equal coverage to candidates.Meanwhile, his rival, Yanukovych, frequently appeared in the news and even accused <mask>, whose father was a Red Army soldier imprisoned at Auschwitz, of being "a Nazi," even though <mask> actively reached out to the Jewish community in Ukraine and his mother is said to have risked her life by hiding three Jewish girls for one and a half years during the Second World War. TCDD poisoning

The campaign was often bitter and violent. <mask> became seriously ill in early September 2004. He was flown to Vienna's Rudolfinerhaus clinic for treatment and diagnosed with acute pancreatitis, accompanied by interstitial edematous changes, due to a serious viral infection and chemical substances that are not normally found in food products. <mask> claimed that he had been poisoned by government agents. After the illness, his face was greatly disfigured: jaundiced, bloated, and pockmarked. British toxicologist Professor John Henry of St Mary's Hospital in London declared the changes in <mask>'s face were due to chloracne, which results from dioxin poisoning.Dutch toxicologist Bram Brouwer also stated his changes in appearance were the result of chloracne, and found dioxin levels in <mask>'s blood 6,000 times above normal. On 11 December, Dr. Michael Zimpfer of the Rudolfinerhaus clinic declared that <mask> had ingested TCDD dioxin and had 1,000 times the usual concentration in his body. Many have linked <mask>'s poisoning to a dinner with a group of senior Ukrainian officials (including Volodymyr Satsyuk) that took place on 5 September. Since 2005, <mask> has been treated by a team of doctors led by Professor Jean Saurat at the University of Geneva Hospital. Analysis of <mask>'s body fluids and tissues provided useful information on the human toxicokinetics of TCDD and its metabolites. <mask> himself implicated David Zhvania, the godfather of one of his children, of involvement in his dioxin poisoning. In August 2009, The Lancet published a scientific paper by Swiss and Ukrainian researchers on the monitoring, form, distribution, and elimination of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) in <mask> in relation to his severe poisoning.The 2004 TCDD levels in <mask>'s blood serum were 50,000-fold greater than those in the general population. This new study also concluded that the dioxin "was so pure that it was definitely made in a laboratory". On 27 September 2009, <mask> said in an interview aired on Channel 1+1 that the testimony of three men who were at a dinner in 2004 at which he believes he was poisoned is crucial to finishing the investigation, and he claimed these men were in Russia. Ukrainian prosecutors said Russia has refused to extradite one of the men, the former deputy chief of Ukraine's security service, Volodymyr Satsyuk, because he holds both Russian and Ukrainian citizenship. After arriving in Russia Satsyuk was granted Russian citizenship protecting him from extradition. Unprecedented three rounds of voting

The initial vote, held on 31 October 2004, saw <mask> obtain 39.87% of vote, ahead of his opponent Yanukovych with 39.32%. Because neither candidate reached the 50% majority required for outright victory, a second round of run-off voting was held on 21 November 2004.Although a 75% voter turnout was recorded, observers reported many irregularities and abuses across the country, such as organized multiple voting and extra votes for Yanukovych after the polls closed. Exit poll results put <mask> ahead in the western and central provinces of the country, and one poll gave him an 11% margin of victory. However, the final official result was a 3% margin of victory for Yanukovych. The allegations of electoral fraud and the discrepancy between exit polls and the final tally prompted <mask> and his supporters to refuse to recognize the results. After thirteen days of massive popular protests in Kyiv and other Ukrainian cities that became known as the Orange Revolution, the Supreme Court overturned the election results and ordered a re-vote of the run-off election for 26 December. <mask> proclaimed a victory for the opposition and declared his confidence that he would be elected with at least 60% of the vote. He did win the re-vote of second round, but with 52% of the vote.Presidency

Inauguration
At 12 pm (Kyiv time) on 23 January 2005 the inauguration of <mask> as the President of Ukraine took place. The event was attended by foreign dignitaries, including:

 Arnold Rüütel, President of Estonia
 Adrienne Clarkson, Governor General of Canada
 Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga, President of Latvia
 Vladimir Voronin, President of Moldova
 Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland
 Traian Băsescu, President of Romania
 Ivan Gašparovič, President of Slovakia
 Ferenc Mádl, President of Hungary
 Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan
 Jan Peter Balkenende, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
 Jaap de Hoop Scheffer, Secretary General of NATO
 Nino Burjanadze, Speaker of the Parliament of Georgia
 Artūras Paulauskas, Speaker of the Seimas (Parliament of Lithuania)
 Colin Powell, United States Secretary of State
 Vuk Drašković, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Serbia and Montenegro
 Sergey Mironov, Chairman of the Federation Council of Russia
Special guest Václav Havel, former President of the Czech Republic
Ovezgeldi Atayev, Chairman of the Assembly of Turkmenistan

Presidency

The first 100 days of <mask>'s term, 23 January 2005 through 1 May 2005, were marked by numerous dismissals and appointments at all levels of the executive branch. He appointed Yulia Tymoshenko as Prime Minister and the appointment was ratified by parliament. Oleksandr Zinchenko was appointed the head of the presidential secretariat with a nominal title of Secretary of State. Petro Poroshenko, a fierce competitor of Tymoshenko for the post of Prime Minister, was appointed Secretary of the Security and Defense Council. May 2005 saw Ukraine host the Eurovision Song Contest in the capital of Kyiv. Some accused Yushchenko of attempting to gain political capital from the event, with his appearance on stage at the end criticised as 'undignified' by certain commentators.During 2005, <mask> was in confident mood, making such pledges as solving the Gongadze case to the removal of Russia's Black Sea Fleet. In August 2005, <mask> joined with Georgian President Mikheil Saakashvili in signing the Borjomi Declaration, which called for the creation of an institution of international cooperation, the Community of Democratic Choice, to bring together the democracies and incipient democracies in the region around the Baltic, Black, and Caspian Seas. The first meeting of presidents and leaders to discuss the CDC took place on 1–2 December 2005 in Kyiv. According to former Security Service of Ukraine Chairman Oleksandr Turchynov, <mask> prevented in the summer of 2005 an investigation into allegedly fraudulent practices in the transport of Turkmen natural gas to Ukraine and the arrest of Yuri Boyko for abuse of office while heading Naftogaz. Dismissal of other Orange Revolution members
On 8 September 2005, <mask> fired his government, led by Yulia Tymoshenko, after resignations and claims of corruption. On 9 September, acting Prime Minister Yuriy Yekhanurov tried to form a new government. His first attempt, on 20 September, fell short by 3 votes of the necessary 226, but on 22 September the parliament ratified his government with 289 votes.Also in September 2005, former president Leonid Kravchuk accused exiled Russian tycoon Boris Berezovsky of financing <mask>'s presidential election campaign, and provided copies of documents showing money transfers from companies he said were controlled by Berezovsky to companies controlled by <mask>'s official backers. Berezovsky confirmed that he met <mask>'s representatives in London before the election, and that the money was transferred from his companies, but he refused to confirm or deny that the money was used in <mask>'s campaign. Financing of election campaigns by foreign citizens is illegal in Ukraine. In August 2006, <mask> appointed his onetime opponent in the presidential race, <mask>, to be the new Prime Minister. This was generally regarded as indicating a rapprochement with Russia. First dissolution of Parliament

On 2 April 2007, <mask> signed an order to dissolve the parliament and call early elections. Some consider the dissolution order illegal because none of the conditions spelled out under Article 90 of the Constitution of Ukraine for the president to dissolve the legislature had been met.<mask>'s detractors argued that he was attempting to usurp the functions of the Constitutional Court by claiming constitutional violations by the parliament as a pretext for his action; the parliament appealed the Constitutional Court itself and promised to abide by its ruling. In the meantime, the parliament continued to meet and banned the financing of any new election pending the Constitutional Court's decision. Competing protests took place and the crisis escalated. In May 2007, <mask> illegally dismissed three members of Ukraine's Constitutional Court, thus preventing the court from ruling on the constitutionality of his decree dismissing Ukraine's parliament. Second dissolution of Parliament (2007) and conflict with Tymoshenko (2008–2009)

<mask> again tried to dissolve the parliament on 9 October 2008 by announcing parliamentary elections to be held on 7 December. <mask>'s decree was suspended and has since lapsed. <mask> in defense of his actions said, "I am deeply convinced that the democratic coalition was ruined by one thing alone—human ambition.The ambition of one person." Political groups including members of his own Our Ukraine party contested the election decree and politicians vowed to challenge it in the courts. In December 2008, following a back room revolt from members of Our Ukraine-Peoples' Self Defense Party a revised coalition was formed between members of Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc (OU-PSD), the Bloc of Yulia Tymoshenko (BYuT), and the Lytvyn Bloc (LB), increasing the size of the governing coalition by an additional 20 members. <mask> in responding to journalists questions claimed "The fact is that the so-called coalition was formed on basis of political corruption, this coalition will be able to work only if the Communist Party will join it. Speaking about such a type of coalition, it is even more

masks:
Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko
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 shameful." <mask> also stated that Tymoshenko's desire to keep her job as Prime Minister was the main motive for creating the coalition and that he wanted to expel the OU-PSD lawmakers who supported the creation of the coalition from the list of members of parliament. <mask> claimed (19 March 2009) that his conflicts with Tymoshenko are not due to personal differences, but to the incompleteness of the constitutional reforms of 2004.On 23 July 2009, under the terms of Ukraine's Constitution the president cannot dismiss the parliament within six months from the expiration of his five-year term of authority, which ended on 23 January 2010. 2010 presidential election and later career

2010 presidential election

On 10 November 2009, <mask> was nominated for a second term as President, with the election to be held on 17 January 2010. In late November 2009, he stated he was going to leave politics after his second term run. During the campaign, <mask> stated his fellow candidates "Tymoshenko and Yanukovych are not the ideologists who care about the fate of Ukraine and its interests. These are two political adventurers" and that Ukraine's independence and sovereignty was at the time more jeopardized than five to ten years earlier. The first round of elections took place on 17 January 2010, and <mask> collapsed to a distant fifth place with only 5.45% of the vote. His result became the worst result for any sitting President.<mask> stated that he wants to continue to defend democracy in Ukraine and that he wants to return to the presidential post. On 22 January 2010, as outgoing President of Ukraine, <mask> officially rehabilitated one of Ukraine's most controversial World War II-era figures, the ultranationalist leader Stepan Bandera, awarding him the title of Hero of Ukraine. The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists even set up multi national assemblies of the occupied peoples of the Soviet union in which more than 12 Soviet Republics were represented, such as Kazakhstan, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Russia and others. <mask>'s decision immediately caused an uproar and was condemned by European Parliament, Russian, Polish and Jewish organizations, and was declared illegal by the following Ukrainian government and a court decision in April 2010. In January 2011, the award was officially annulled. In the second round of Ukraine's presidential election, <mask> did not support either of the candidates, Victor Yanukovych or Yulia Tymoshenko. <mask> attributed his low popularity ratings to adherence to his principles."Ukraine is a European democratic country", <mask> said at the polling station. "It is a free nation and free people." In the following days, he said that "Ukraine doesn’t have a decent choice" for his replacement. "Both candidates are alienated from national, European, and democratic values. I don’t see a principal difference between them." However, his low approval ratings may also be attributable to his tacit support for his former adversary Yanukovych, between rounds one and two. <mask> removed the Kharkiv and Dniproptrovsk governors who had expressed support for Tymoshenko and had refused to provide administrative resources for Yanukovych's campaign.<mask> didn't attend the inauguration ceremony of President Yanukovych. On 10 March 2010, <mask> indicated his future plans would largely depend on Yanukovych's performance. A day earlier, <mask>'s former ally turned rival, Yulia Tymoshenko, took up the mantle as leader of the democratic opposition. But <mask> warned that her leadership will end in disaster, noting, "Every political force that united with Tymoshenko ended badly." On 31 May 2010 <mask> stated that Yulia Tymoshenko was his "worst mistake": "The most serious mistake was to give the power to her twice". Later career including 2012 parliamentary elections
On 18 April 2010, <mask> and his wife (along with President Yanukovych and former Prime Minister Tymoshenko) journeyed to Poland to attend the state funeral of President Lech Kaczyński in Kraków. Due to the widespread air disruptions in Europe due to the eruptions in Iceland, the <mask>s journeyed by car from Kyiv.<mask> testified against his former ally Yulia Tymoshenko during her trial over a 2009 natural gas treaty she brokered with Russia; a trial he called "a normal judicial process". <mask>'s view differed from that of the European Union's (EU) foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton, who said in a statement the Tymoshenko verdict showed justice was being applied "selectively in politically motivated prosecutions". Late September 2011 <mask> stated he intended to run for parliament on an Our Ukraine party ticket at the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary elections. Mid-February 2012 <mask> stated he was ready to take part in this election on a list of the united opposition, but not in a majority constituency. In these election <mask> headed the election list of Our Ukraine; the party won 1.11% of the national votes and no constituencies and thus failed to win parliamentary representation. In February 2013 <mask> intended to be a candidate during the next presidential election (at the time scheduled to be in 2015). Euromaidan and 2014 election
In an interview with the French radio station Europe 1 in March 2014, <mask> stated that he supported the Euromaidan protests and opposed the Russian intervention in Crimea, noting that in his view "Putin dreams of reconstructing the Soviet empire under the name of Russia.He is so obsessed with this that he hasn't understood power balance." He further stated that "Crimea isn't Russian; rather it is Ukrainian". With regard to the 2014 presidential election, <mask> indicated his support for Vitali Klitschko, and described Tymoshenko as "the candidate of Moscow". <mask> himself did not stand as a candidate in these elections. Political positions

On 31 March 2009, in his address to the nation before Parliament, <mask> proposed sweeping government reform changes and an economic and social plan to ameliorate current economic conditions in Ukraine and apparently to respond to standing structural problems in Ukraine's political system. The proposal, which <mask> called a 'next big step forward for fairness and prosperity in Ukraine' included the following proposals:
 Restore financial stability in the country by implementing the International Monetary Fund reforms and a balanced budget
 Abolish parliamentary immunity
 Fair pension system based on the number of years of work and salary received
 Pass a realistic state budget for 2009 that reduces inflation and stabilizes the hryvnia
 Have the state assume responsibility for struggling banks
 Rejuvenate rural areas by eliminating state interference in agriculture production
 Promote Ukrainian products abroad to increase sales for Ukraine's producers
 European Union membership and increased trade while simultaneously improving relations and trade with Russia
 Allow voters to elect members of parliament from the areas where they live
 Open up party lists for both parliamentary and local elections
 Create bicameral parliament to bring stability to the legislative branch
 Reduce the number of members of parliament

<mask> also advocates NATO membership for Ukraine and is against promoting Russian as the second state language in Ukraine. According to <mask>, a good future for the country is impossible without national unity.<mask> also advocates the formation of a single Orthodox Church of Ukraine, thus unifying the current three branches of the Orthodox church in Ukraine (the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate, the only one recognized by the world orthodox community, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Kyiv Patriarchate and the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church). Actions by the Ukrainian Insurgent Army have been praised by <mask>, and he has tried to give anti-Soviet partisans who fought in World War II the status of war veterans. According to <mask> the difficulties of relations between Ukraine and Russia are because the countries follow different directions and have different system of values. <mask> thinks that "the Russia-Georgia war of August 2008 poses a threat that European leaders still haven’t addressed". He has called for a demarcation of borders between Russia and Ukraine, which has been delayed by Russia since Ukraine won independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. During the campaign for the Ukrainian presidential election, 2010 <mask> said Russia's influence was again a factor in the upcoming election and warned of "interference" from Moscow in the distribution of Russian passports to residents of Crimea. He has also stated (on 10 December 2009) "Russia is a friendly country and that it would be a great mistake for Ukraine to lose these relations or to slow down their development; I believe that there will appear politicians in Russia, who will respect the rights of all neighbors, including Ukraine".<mask>'s 2010 presidential election program promised visa-free travel with EU, the withdrawal of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation by 2017 and "an active dialogue with all of Ukraine's neighbours based on the principles of equal rights, good neighbourly relations and mutual trust", but did not mention NATO membership. <mask> also believed that the 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis could be tackled with the help of reconstruction, including road reconstruction. Furthermore, the program banned tax collection in advance, would return non-reimbursed VAT, create equal tax rules for everybody and stop government interference in certain enterprises and whole sectors of the economy. <mask> considers an open list of candidates for parliamentary elections as one of the conditions for eradicating corruption. Yuschenko awarded Stepan Bandera, a highly controversial "far-right" figure due to his attempts to both make Ukraine independent as well as having been a Nazi collaberator, the status of hero. Family and personal life
In 1977, <mask> married Svitlana Ivanivna Kolesnyk, with whom he has two children and three grandchildren:
 Vitalyna (b. 15 April 1980) currently married to Oleksiy Khakhlyov and has two children.Oleksiy Khakhlyov is a director of the Tar-paper Factory in Slavuta, Khmelnytskyi Oblast
 Andriy (b. 1985) married Yelyzaveta Efrosinina (b. 1981) in 2009 and has a daughter

In 1998, he married Kateryna Chumachenko, with whom he has three children. She is a Ukrainian-American born in Chicago who received a degree in Economics from Georgetown University and an MBA from the University of Chicago. She also studied at the Ukrainian Institute at Harvard University. Her resume includes working for the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America, the Bureau for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs at the U.S. State Department, the Reagan White House, the U.S. Treasury Department, and the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. In Ukraine she first worked with the US-Ukraine Foundation, then as Country Director for KPMG Barents Group.She heads the Ukraine 3000 Foundation, which emphasizes promoting civil society, particularly charity and corporate responsibility. The Foundation implements programs in the areas of children's health, integrating the disabled, improving education, supporting culture and the arts, publishing books, and researching history, particularly the Holodomor. From 1995 to 2005, she worked closely with Pryately Ditey, an organization that helps Ukrainian orphans. Criticized by her husband's opponents for her US citizenship, Kateryna became a Ukrainian citizen in March 2005 and renounced her US citizenship, as required by Ukrainian law, in March 2007. During the 2004 election campaign, she was accused of exerting influence on behalf of the U.S. government on her husband's decisions, as an employee of the U.S. government or even a CIA agent. A Russian state television journalist had earlier accused her of leading a U.S. project to help <mask> seize power in Ukraine; in January 2002, she won a libel case against that journalist. Ukraine's then anti-Yushchenko TV channel Inter repeated the allegations in 2001, but in January 2003 she won a libel case against that channel.A practicing member of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, <mask> often emphasizes the important role of his religious convictions in his life and worldview. <mask> has been criticized for using many words of Russian origin when speaking Ukrainian. His main hobbies are Ukrainian traditional culture (including art, ceramics, and archaeology), mountaineering, and beekeeping. He is keen on painting, collects antiques, folk artifacts, and Ukrainian national dress, and restores objects of Trypillya culture. Each year he climbs Hoverla, Ukraine's highest mountain. After receiving a checkup in which doctors determined he was healthy despite the previous year's dioxin poisoning, he successfully climbed the mountain again on 16 July 2005. Although <mask> no longer works for the Ukrainian state, as a former president of Ukraine he continues to live in his state-owned dacha in Koncha-Zaspa.Cultural and political image
As a politician, <mask> is widely perceived as a mixture of Western-oriented and Ukrainian nationalist. He advocates moving Ukraine in the direction of Europe and NATO, promoting free market reforms, preserving Ukraine's culture, rebuilding important historical monuments, and remembering Ukraine's history, including the Holodomor famine of 1932–1933. His opponents (and allies) sometimes criticize him for indecision and secrecy, while advocates call the same attributes signs of <mask>'s commitment to teamwork, consensus, and negotiation. He is also often accused of being unable to form a unified team free of inner quarrels. United States Ambassador to Ukraine John F. Tefft, described <mask>, in a document uncovered during the United States diplomatic cables leak, as discredited among the population because of his weakness of leadership, continuous conflicts with Yulia Tymoshenko, needless hostility towards Russia and his NATO ambitions. <mask>'s former Minister of Internal Affairs Yuriy Lutsenko accused <mask> of betraying the Orange Revolution and bringing <mask>ych to power. In December 2011, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin claimed that the organizers of the 2011 Russian protests were former (Russian) advisors to <mask> during his presidency and were transferring the Orange Revolution to Russia.Public opinion polls
In 2008, <mask>'s popularity plunged to less than 10%. According to a poll carried out by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology between 29 January and 5 February 2009, just under 70% of Ukrainian voters believed that <mask> should leave his post, whereas just over 19% believed he should stay. When asked if <mask> should be impeached, over 56% of those polled were in favor with almost 27% against. According to a public opinion poll conducted by FOM-Ukraine in September/October 2009, 88.5% of those polled did not support the actions of <mask> as president, while 6.7% welcomed them. A Razumkov Center opinion poll conducted in October 2011 told that 80% of Ukrainians did not support his actions; it was the highest negative rating of any Ukrainian politician. Honours and awards
 Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Three Stars (Latvia, 2006)
 Grand Cross with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great (Lithuania, 2006)
 Knight Grand Cross of the Grand Order of King Tomislav ("For outstanding contribution to the promotion of friendship and development co-operation between the Republic of Croatia and the Republic of Ukraine." - 6 June 2007)
 Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta (2009, Poland)
 Order "For Merits" of Class III (1996, Ukraine)
 The Liberty Medal (US Constitution Center, Philadelphia, PA) (2005, USA)
 Order of Heydar Aliyev (2008, Azerbaijan)
 Order of the White Rose of Finland (2006)
 Order of the Golden Fleece (2009, Georgia)
 St. George's Order of Victory (2009, Georgia)
 Order of the White Eagle (2005, Poland)
 Royal Order of the Seraphim (2008, Sweden)
 Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2008, Hungary)
 Quadriga (2006, Germany)
 Presidential Order of Excellence (Georgia, 2011)

Named Man of the Year 2004 by Wprost.Included in the 2005 Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, as assembled by Time. Honorary doctorates from the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (1996), the University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska (2000) and the Catholic University of Lublin (2009), and honorary membership in the Academy of Sciences of Moldova

See also
 2008 Ukrainian political crisis
 List of poisonings
 National Museum "Memorial to Holodomor victims"
 Politics of Ukraine
 Ukrainization

References

External links

Web sites and pages
 razom.org.ua — Nasha Ukrayina website
 Verbatim Account of the Inaugural Ceremony, January 23, 2005 — Official site of the parliament
  — video file of <mask> speaking to the Ukrainian nation
 Candidate <mask> wins first round of Ukraine election (10 November 2004). Rule of Law Foundation. <mask> approval rating (2000–2009) by Razumkov Centre
 Viktor Yushchenko Freedom Collection interview

News and articles
 BBC News profile
 Who poisoned <mask>? (from the Times Online)
 Approval of Yekhanurov: The Price of the Deal (Ukrayinska Pravda's critical article on the agreement between <mask> and Yanukovych; September 2005)

|-

|-

1954 births
Chevaliers of the Order of Merit (Ukraine)
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Ukraine
Governors of the National Bank of Ukraine
Grand Crosses of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Grand Crosses with Golden Chain of the Order of Vytautas the Great
Honorary members of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova
Independent politicians in Ukraine
Living people
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Our Ukraine (political party) politicians
Independent politicians of Our Ukraine Bloc
People from Nedryhailiv Raion
People of the Orange Revolution
Presidents of Ukraine
Prime Ministers of Ukraine
Recipients of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary
Recipients of the Order of the Golden Fleece (Georgia)
Recipients of the Heydar Aliyev Order
Ukrainian accountants
Ukrainian bankers
Ukrainian democracy activists
Ukrainian nationalists
Ukrainian economists
Members of Ukrainian Orthodox church bodies
Candidates in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election
Candidates in the 2010 Ukrainian presidential election
Recipients of St. George's Order of Victory
Viktor
Recipients of the Presidential Order of

masks:
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Viktor Yanukov
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Yushchenko
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Yushchenko
Yushchenko


texts:
<mask> (11 June 1824 – 3 October 1909), known during his life as "<mask>" or "J. C<mask>", was an English clergyman and teacher, notable for his contributions to the early history of association football. Early life
<mask> was born 11 June 1824 in Alford, Somerset, the fifth son of the rector, Rev. <mask> and Sarah . He studied at Winchester College, Shrewsbury School and St John's College, Cambridge, graduating as a Bachelor of Arts in 1847. The next year, he was appointed as an assistant curate to his brother <mask> at Alford-with-Hornblotton, Somerset. He was ordained deacon in December 1849. From 1855 to 1857, he served as curate in Cirencester, then from 1857 to 1859 at Overton and Fyfield, Wiltshire.He married Lydia Meredith in May 1858. In 1859, <mask> was appointed assistant master of Uppingham School, joining his brother Edward who was headmaster there. Sportsman

Shrewsbury
At the time Thring attended (1836–1843), Shrewsbury School played its own distinctive code of football, of which Thring later provided one detail: "the goals at one end of the field were marked on a wall". According to a description of the game dating from 1863, it disallowed all handling of the ball except for catching, and used an exceptionally wide goal of 40 feet, with a goal allowed to be scored at any height. No record exists of football matches from Thring's time at Shrewsbury, but he is known to have played on the school cricket team in 1842 and 1843. Cambridge

While at Cambridge, Thring's involvement in football continued. According to N. L. Jackson, in 1846 "two old Shrewsbury boys, Messrs H. de Winton and J. C. <mask>, persuaded some Old Etonians to join them and formed a club.Matches were few and far between, but some were played on Parker's Piece. Unfortunately, the game was not popular at the 'Varsity then, and the club did not last long". According to Thring's own account, written in 1861:

This was among the first of several known attempts to formulate a set of "compromise" rules of football at Cambridge between alumni of different schools. In his History of the Football Association, Geoffrey Green describes it as "the first positive step to create an identity of views and a common code of laws [of football] acceptable to as many as possible", and laments the absence of a plaque "to commemorate this historic moment". Uppingham

Rules of football for Uppingham School had been created under the supervision of <mask>'s brother Edward in 1857. They allowed the ball to be carried in a similar fashion to the Rugby rules. "The Simplest Game"
During his time as a resident master at Uppingham (1859–1864), <mask> became intensely involved in efforts to create a common code of football.His interest seems to have been stimulated by the publication in the 14 December 1861 issue of The Field of an article calling for such a common code. Thring immediately responded with a letter criticising the Rugby code in strong terms, referring to its allowance of "hacking" (kicking opponents' shins) as "a blot", "thoroughly un-English", and "barbarous". In its place, Thring urged the following as the "very first principles of football":

 the ball should be kept on the ground as much as possible
 players should be "always behind the ball" (Thring objected to the Rugby offside law as being too lax, since it allowed an offside player to rejoin play after an opponent touched the ball)

Thring went on to describe in some detail the features of his proposed game, which featured a round ball, a "barrel-shaped" playing area, a goal scored by kicking the ball under rather than over the bar, and an extremely strict offside law. During the first half of 1862, Thring continued to engage in discussion of the merits of different rules of football via correspondence published in The Field. This culminated in his publication, later in 1862, of a pamphlet entitled The Rules of Foot-ball: The Winter Game. Revised for the use of schools. The pamphlet proposed a set of laws for what Thring called "The Simplest Game":

Football Association

In a letter to the Daily Telegraph of 24 September 1863, Thring urged the formation of a "parliament [that] could sit with sufficient authority to issue a new code of laws" for football.When the formation of the Football Association was announced shortly afterwards, <mask> responded enthusiastically, sending voluminous correspondence to the Association's secretary Ebenezer Morley. In a letter dated 13 November, Thring wrote that Uppingham School was "extremely desirous of joining" the association. In another communication dated the following day, he promised to send the necessary subscription. These letters made a notable contrast with the generally negative attitude of other public schools (Charterhouse and Harrow had both refused to participate, Shrewsbury would subsequently do so, and Rugby, Eton and Winchester failed to reply at all). Thring offered several suggestions as to the rules the FA ought to adopt. He advocated for the use of a crossbar, and objected to the draft rules' allowance of hacking and carrying the ball. The FA would go on to remove hacking and carrying from its draft rules, under the influence of the Cambridge Rules of 1863.Thring's suggested crossbar was not, however, included in the FA's 1863 laws, which allowed a goal to be scored at any height; a tape (corresponding to the crossbar) would not be introduced until the second edition of the FA's laws, in 1866. Thring's objection to the use of the term "touch" (for the area that was out of play on either side of the ground) was also ignored. The offside rule from The Simplest Game was unanimously adopted by the FA at its meeting of 17 November 1863, and appeared in the first draft of the rules created by Morley, but it was replaced in later drafts with a modified version of the equivalent law from the Cambridge rules. <mask> requested permission to include the FA's rules (along with the Cambridge rules of October 1863), in an expanded reissue of The Winter Game. He would go on to bring out this second edition of his work in December 1863. In 1867, Thring sent another letter to the FA's general meeting. He repeated his objection to the use of the term "touch", and also expressed disapproval of the FA offside law, which had been relaxed the previous year.These objections were once again ignored. Thring also objected to the "touch down" tie-breaker which had been introduced by the FA in 1866; this was removed from the laws as the result of a proposal by Wanderers FC. Legacy
Despite his enthusiasm, Thring was ultimately unsuccessful in persuading Uppingham School to participate in the Football Association. He wrote on 20 November 1863: "I am sorry to hear that Uppingham was not represented on Tuesday. They say the time is very inconvenient, but the fact is they do not like to do so, as all the other schools have refused, and there is talk of a school congress, which they hope to attend". In a list of FA members from January 1864, the name of Uppingham School is crossed out, along with a note: "withdrawn by desire of their captain". The extent to which Thring's principles were actually put into practice at Uppingham is not clear.Contemporary descriptions of Uppingham football from 1863 and 1864 indicate that the ball was oval rather than round, a "bully" was a method of scoring, awarded when the ball was touched down behind the goal-line, and the ball could be "caught" and "carried". The 1871 edition of Uppingham's rules was broadly similar to the 1857 version, and continued to permit Rugby-style running with the ball. Uppingham would eventually abandon its own code of football for rugby in 1889. Writing in 1899, N. L. Jackson drew attention to the manner in which Thring's "Simplest Game" anticipated many later developments in the FA's code, even going so far as to credit it with being "the groundwork on which the [Football] Association code was built". Thring's set of laws is also acknowledged as the inspiration behind the title of Paul Gardner's 1976 book The Simplest Game. Later career and death
Thring continued to serve as master at Uppingham until 1868 or 1869, but in 1864, following a dispute with his brother Edward, he and his wife ceased to live at the school, instead residing at the Chantry House at Bradford-on-Avon. In January 1866, Thring captained Bradford Football Club in a match against local rivals Trowbridge.From 1870 to 1874, <mask> again served as curate at Alford. From 1875 to 1891, he served as chaplain to the Bradford Union (a workhouse for the poor in Bradford-on Avon). He subsequently moved to Hemel Hempstead, and then to Dunmow, Essex for the last decade of his life. He died there in 1909. He was survived by his widow Lydia, five sons, and three daughters. One of his sons was the cricketer <mask>. Works

Notes

References

Football people in England
1824 births
1909 deaths
Laws of association football
People educated at Winchester College
People educated at Shrewsbury School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge

masks:
John Charles Thring
Charles Thring
. Thring
Thring
John Gale Dalton Thring
Godfrey Thring
Thring
Thring
Charles Ting
Charles Thring
Thring
Thring
Thring
Charles Thring


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, October 22, 1968) is an American singer and songwriter and the older sister of singer-songwriter Allison Moorer. The success of her pop rock album I Am Shelby Lynne (1999) led to her winning the Grammy Award for Best New Artist, despite it being her sixth studio album. She released a Dusty Springfield tribute album called Just a Little Lovin' in 2008. Since then she has started her own independent record label, called Everso Records, and released three albums: Tears, Lies and Alibis, Merry Christmas, and Revelation Road. Lynne is also known for her distinctive contralto voice. Early life
<mask> was born in Quantico, Virginia and raised in Jackson, Alabama, then Mobile, where she attended Theodore High School. Music was an important part of the Moorer family.Her father was a local bandleader and her mother a harmony-singing teacher; as children, she and her younger sister Allison — later a country recording artist in her own right — sometimes joined their parents on-stage to sing along. However, Lynne's father was a violent alcoholic who abused his wife. In 1985, her mother fled with the two girls to Mobile. Her father soon discovered their whereabouts. In 1986, when Lynne was 17 and her younger sister, Allison, was 14, he fatally shot her mother in the family's driveway. He then turned the gun on himself while his daughters were in the house. Career

Early years
Lynne appeared on TNN's country music show Nashville Now in 1987.She soon landed a recording contract with Epic Records. Her first recording for Epic was a duet with George Jones, "If I Could Bottle This Up", which became a top-50 hit in 1988. Epic teamed Lynne with producer Billy Sherrill for her 1989 debut album Sunrise. The follow-up, 1990's Tough All Over, took more of a mainstream country direction, and 1991's Soft Talk found Lynne moving into slick country pop. Lynne placed several songs on the country charts during this period, but none managed to break into the top 20. Critics generally regarded her as a promising talent, and she won the ACM's Top New Female Vocalist in 1990. However, she was tiring of the lack of control she was afforded over her image and musical direction.She split from Epic and signed with the smaller Morgan Creek label, debuting with 1993's Temptation, an exercise in Bob Wills-style Western swing and big band jazz. The label folded not long after, and she moved on to Magnatone for 1995's Restless, which marked a return to contemporary-style country. Afterward, Lynne disappeared from recording for several years. One notable project that she assisted on was Vince Gill's 1996 High Lonesome Sound album, where she provided background, harmony vocals on the song "You And You Alone". Vince Gill and <mask>e performed the song at the 1997 CMA awards show. Breakthrough
In 1998, Lynne moved to Palm Springs, California. For her next record, she worked with producer and songwriter Bill Bottrell.The result was the confessional and eclectic pop rock and blues-influenced album I Am <mask>e. "That album came from the most vulnerable, desperate place," she recalled years later. "I think about it every day." Island Def Jam released the album in the U.K. during the fall of 1999 and then in the U.S. the following year, to wide critical acclaim. At the 43rd Grammy Awards, held on February 21, 2001, she won the award for Best New Artist. "Thirteen years and six albums to get here," said Lynne during her acceptance speech. One of the songs, "Dreamsome", also appeared on the soundtrack of the film Bridget Jones's Diary.Her 2001 follow-up album Love, Shelby was produced by Glen Ballard and featured a slicker, more pop-influenced sound. The album received mixed reviews. Lynne took a more low-key approach on her next effort. Identity Crisis was self-produced, recorded largely in her home studio and with few additional musicians. Many of the 12 tracks focused on dark themes, but there were also lighter songs such as "One With the Sun" (inspired by a conversation she had with Willie Nelson). The album found a home on Capitol Records and was released in September 2003. The critics gave her high marks; AllMusic's Thom Jurek wrote, "There is no identity crisis here, just the indelible mark of a mature, intense, always engaging artist."Suit Yourself (2005) also received praise from critics. However, neither record was commercially successful. Later career

Her album Just a Little Lovin', released in early 2008 by Lost Highway Records, paid tribute to the late British singer Dusty Springfield. The producer was Phil Ramone, who had worked with Springfield on "The Look of Love". Just A Little Lovin''' became the highest charting album of Lynne's career, reaching number 41 on the Billboard 200. In a review for Entertainment Weekly, Marc Weingarten wrote that the album "is a stark reminder of Lynne's empathetic skill as an interpreter". The sparse production and extremely well recorded nature of the album, combined with its song selection have made this album a favorite audiophile "demo" recording, and as a result the album was reissued on audiophile-grade 200g vinyl as well as SACD.Following a dispute with Lost Highway, Lynne started her own label, called Everso Records. "I plan on taking advantage of my freedom and working hard and putting out a lot of records," she said in an interview. The first release was her album Tears, Lies and Alibis (2010). She followed up later that year with the holiday album Merry Christmas, featuring such classics as "Christmas Time Is Here" and "O Holy Night". The third and most recent release is Revelation Road (2011), on which she played all the instruments. On August 18, 2017, Lynne released a collaborative record with her sister Allison Moorer titled Not Dark Yet. Produced by British folk singer Teddy Thompson, it features covers of songs by Merle Haggard, Bob Dylan, Nirvana and The Killers as well as an original recording.Additional projects
Lynne performed the John Lennon song "Mother" at Come Together: A Night for John Lennon's Words and Music in October 2001 and at Theatre Within's 30th annual Lennon tribute in November 2010. She has worked professionally with her sister, Allison Moorer. On Moorer's live album Show, released in 2003, Lynne performed three duets with her sister. Lynne wrote "She Knows Where She Goes", one of the songs featured on Moorer's 2008 album Mockingbird. The two sisters performed five concerts together during what they called the Side by Side tour. The concerts took place from October through December 2010 in San Francisco, New York, Virginia, and Alabama. In 2002, she sang a duet with Raul Malo on his first solo-album Today.The song is titled "Takes Two To Tango". In 2004, Lynne was featured in a duet version of alternative rock band Live's song "Run Away." This rendition can be found on the band's greatest hits compilation Awake: The Best of Live. Also in 2004, she sang a duet entitled "Can't Go Back Home", on Tony Joe White's album, The Heroines. In 2007, she performed background vocals on Marc Cohn's fourth album,  Join the Parade. She contributed to Forever Cool, a 2007 album from Capitol/EMI featuring contemporary artists in duets with the late Dean Martin. Alongside Big Bad Voodoo Daddy, Lynne performed a duet of one of Martin's best known tunes, "You're Nobody 'Til Somebody Loves You".She also joined the 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th and, in 2015, the 14th annual Independent Music Awards judging panel, to assist independent musicians' careers. Lynne has taken on a few acting roles. She portrayed Johnny Cash's mother Carrie in the 2005 film Walk the Line. She appeared in a 2009 episode of the Lifetime drama series Army Wives as a country singer trying to reunite with her son. She played herself in an episode of the Starz comedy series Head Case''. She was featured in Live From Daryl's House with Daryl Hall in a "delta blues-meets-Philly soul" throwdown. The show aired on Viacom's Palladia music channel on December 15, 2012.Personal life
Lynne was married at age 18 but divorced within a year. Regarding her sexuality, she says “Everybody’s a little gay.”

Discography

Filmography

Awards
Grammy Awards 2001: Best New Artist
Academy of Country Music Awards 1990: New Female Vocalist of the Year

References

External links

Official site
<mask>e on NPR Music

1968 births
Living people
People from Quantico, Virginia
Grammy Award winners
American contraltos
American women country singers
American women guitarists
American country singer-songwriters
People from Clarke County, Alabama
Lost Highway Records artists
Epic Records artists
Curb Records artists
Mercury Records artists
Capitol Records artists
Island Records artists
Singer-songwriters from Virginia
Guitarists from Alabama
Guitarists from Virginia
20th-century American guitarists
Country musicians from Alabama
20th-century American women guitarists
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Alabama

masks:
Shelby Lynne
Shelby Lynn Moorer
Shelby Lynne
Shelby Lynn
Shelby Lynn
Shelby Lynn


texts:
<mask> (born 1949) is an Australian poet, non-fiction author and editor. He is the author, co-author, editor or co-editor of more than 20 books, mostly poetry and non-fiction. He has also collaborated widely with other artists and poets, including on various gallery installations and theatrical events. His papers are at special collections, Academy Library, University of NSW at ADFA. Biography
<mask> was born in Melbourne and studied business subjects at Swinburne University of Technology. He worked in educational publishing in the 70s, then widely in commercial journalism until 2000. He has since worked as a book editor, and taught at Box Hill Institute of TAFE, University of Melbourne (School of Creative Arts) and La Trobe University.His first book of poems, Zone of the White Wolf and Other Landscapes was published in 1974; he co-edited (with Michael Dugan) the collection of innovative short fiction, The Outback Reader (1975) while his first non-fiction title, 22 Australian Contemporary Composers, appeared in 1988. He has also collaborated with poet Ken Bolton on a number of books of poetry. In the 70s and 80s and 90s he variously carried out co-, associate- or advisory-editorial roles with the Australian journals Etymspheres, Helix, Aspect, Art and Literature, and Overland, and in the early 1980s began the small publisher, Brunswick Hills Press. He has travelled widely, and has lived and worked in Sydney, Japan and the UK, as well as Melbourne. His travel writing has appeared in inflight magazines, Signature Magazine (Australia) and Australian Gourmet Traveller, and he edited Travelers' Tales of Old Cuba: from Treasure Island to Mafia Den (2002). His articles and reviews have appeared in Photofile, Agenda, Artstreams, The Age Monthly Review, Australian Book Review, The Australian, Overland, Southerly and other newspapers and periodicals. His installation, The Arthur Tantrum Letters, was held at Central Street Gallery, Sydney in 1970.In the 80s he took part in stage shows at La Mama Theatre and Grant Street Theatre and other venues in collaboration with musicians, and with dancers from Melbourne's Modern Dance Ensemble. In the 90s he took part in a multi-media installation at Adelaide's Experimental Art Foundation. And he collaborated with other writers at Jolt Arts in 2010. He won the 2004 James Joyce Foundation Suspended Sentence Award, and 2003 Artsrush Poetry Prize. He was shortlisted for 2004 FAW Christina Stead Award, and Commended for the 2006 Newcastle Poetry Prize and 2005 Melbourne Poets Union Poetry Competition. His work has featured on ABC Radio National's Airplay and Poetica series. His recent collection, Growing Up With Mr Menzies, (2008) has been described as "a complex, layered and original work".His latest collection, Poems Far and Wide (2019) has also been widely and very positively reviewed. Bibliography

Poetry

 Zone of the White Wolf and Other Landscapes (Contempa, 1974)
 Blind Spot (Makar, 1977)
 The Inland Sea (Brunswick Hills Press, 1984)
 Chromatic Cargoes (Post Neo Publication, 1986)
 Airborne Dogs, With Ken Bolton (Brunswick Hills, 1988)
 The Ferrara Poems, With Ken Bolton (Experimental Art Foundation, 1989)
 The Wild White Sea (Little Esther Books, 1990)
 Days Like Air (Modern Writing Press, 1992)
 The Gutman Variations, With Ken Bolton (Little Esther Books, 1993)
 The Wallah Group, With Ken Bolton (Little Esther Books, 2001)
 A Break in the Weather, verse novel (Modern Writing Press, 2002)
 Nutters Without Fetters, With Ken Bolton (PressPress, 2002)
 Dark River (Five Islands Press, 2003)
 Gwendolyn Windswept, verse novel, With Ken Bolton (serialised in Otis Rush magazine)
 Poems of Relative Unlikelihood, With Ken Bolton (Little Esther Books, 2005)
 Growing Up With Mr Menzies (John Leonard Press, 2008)
 Poems Far and Wide (Puncher & Wattmann, 2019)

Short fiction

 The Arthur Tantrum Letters, With Robert Harris, written under pseudonyms O.

masks:
John Jenkins
Jenkins


texts:
<mask><mask> (July 23, 1846 – October 29, 1916) was an executive in charge of steam locomotive power development and purchases on the Pennsylvania Railroad, one of the largest railroad systems and business concerns in the United States. Upon his retirement in 1911 after forty-three years with the Pennsylvania, the trade periodical Railway Age Gazette recounted <mask>'s career, his accomplishments and accolades. Perhaps his most recognizable innovation, per Railway Age Gazette, was the relocation of the steam locomotive boiler and fire box. Prior to the 1881-3 design of the Pennsylvania's Class K 4-4-0 American Standard steam locomotives (later reclassified to the Pennsylvania's Class D6 4-4-0 American Standards), most fire boxes were located between the frames of locomotives, restricting their width, and thus, the power of the locomotive. <mask>'s design moved the fire box and boiler assembly above the drive wheels, creating a design which was more powerful, as well as easier to stoke. The area available to burn coal, and thus power the locomotive, was increased from eighteen to nearly thirty-five square feet. The change, considered radical at the time, created a design which observers believed would run roughly and prove top-heavy and unstable.Railway Age Gazette noted in 1911:

"It was Mr. <mask> that took the first step alone, against the protests of many by whom he was surrounded, that has led to the development of the large locomotives of today. While builders and engineers considered that the end had come, that the locomotive had reached the limit of its power because of the restrictions current construction put upon the size of the firebox, Mr. <mask> lifted his whole boiler into the air, set his foundation ring on top of the frames, widened his firebox and gave the machine a new lease of life. Many and dire were the predictions made as to the instability of the new design, but we all know the result. It did not upset, but ran with unexampled smoothness and with construction revolutionized the whole country followed in his wake. This is but a single example of his work." The design proved so revolutionary that "<mask>'s No. 10," one of the class K American Standards, was issued as a U.S. postage stamp in 1977.The U.S. Postal Service wrote of <mask>'s design: "It was among the fastest express locomotives in the United States during the 1880s. No. 10 was a prototype and considered a remarkably advanced design at the time of its introduction." In his retirement tribute, the Gazette included an anecdote from an unnamed co-worker off the Pennsylvania:

"As one of his associates expressed it, 'He was the balance wheel of the mechanical organization of the road,' and if these same associates are to be believed it is to his influence that the wonderful teamwork of the various departments is largely due." By 1911 <mask> was a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Civil Engineers (Great Britain), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Franklin Institute, the American Philosophical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, other technical and scientific associations, vice-president of the American Academy in Rome and an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects, president of the Eastern Railroad Association, a member of the executive committee of the American Railway Association and of the permanent commission of the International Railway Congress. <mask> was also a director of the Pennsylvania Steel Company and the Cambria Steel Company and of the boards of trustees of the Drexel Institute of Art Science and Industry and of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum.Before his retirement, <mask> was awarded an honorary Masters of Arts by Yale University in 1897. In 1904 he was awarded an honorary Doctor of Science by Hamilton College. He died October 28, 1916, at his home Wyndham, at Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania. For his contributions to early American railroading <mask> is listed by the Smithsonian Institutions' John H. White Jr., as one of America's most noteworthy railroaders. His daughter Gertrude Sumner <mask> was twice awarded the Croix de Guerre for bravery in World War I; another daughter, Katrina Brandes <mask>, married Charles L. Tiffany II in 1901, and was president of the New York Collegiate Equal Franchise League. References
 Busbey, T. Addison, editor. The Biographical Directory of the Railway Officials of America, Edition of 1896.Chicago [Ill.]: Railway Age and Northwestern Railroader, 1896, p. 145. No author. "<mask><mask> Dead. Was Formerly Chief of Motive Power of Pennsylvania Railroad." New York Times, October 30, 1916. Web https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/10/30/100225919.pdf accessed December 20, 2011. No author."Ely's No. 10." U.S. Postal Service stamp of 1977. Web http://www.usstampgallery.com/view.php?id=d14de7595123c9f3108691a39f677135685f88c5&st=&ss=&t=8&s=4&syear=&eyear=. Accessed December 17, 2011. No author."<mask><mask>." Railway Age Gazette,  July 7, 1911, p. 62. White, John H., Jr. "America's most noteworthy railroaders." Railroad History (Spring, 1986) 154: pp. 9–15. Further reading
His 1896 biographical entry reads thus:

Chief of Motive Power, Pennsylvania Railroad.Office: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Born: June 23, 1846, at Watertown, New York. Education: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, 1896. Entered railway service: 1868, since which he has been consecutively 1868 to 1869, civil engineer, Philadelphia and Erie Division, Pennsylvania Railroad; 1869 to 1870, superintendent, Middle Division, same road; 1870 to 1873, assistant superintendent, Philadelphia and Erie Division, same road; 1873 to 1874, superintendent, Motive Power, same division; 1874 to 1882, superintendent, Motive Power; 1882 to March, 1893, general superintendent, Motive Power; March, 1893, through 1896, chief, Motive Power, Lines East and West of Pittsburgh and Erie; entire service with Pennsylvania Railroad. 1846 births
1915 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Pennsylvania Railroad people
People from Watertown, New York

masks:
Theodore N
. Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Ely
Theodore N
. Ely
Theodore N
. Ely


texts:
<mask> (born June 5, 1979) is an American musician best known as the bassist and lyricist for the rock band Fall Out Boy, since 2001. Before Fall Out Boy, <mask> was a fixture of the Chicago hardcore scene and was the lead singer and songwriter for Arma Angelus, a metalcore band. During Fall Out Boy's hiatus from 2009 to 2012, <mask> formed the experimental, electropop and dubstep group Black Cards. He owns a record label, DCD2 Records, which has signed bands including Panic! at the Disco and Gym Class Heroes. Fall Out Boy returned from hiatus in February 2013, and have since released three number-one albums; Save Rock and Roll, American Beauty/American Psycho, and Mania. <mask> has also ventured into other non-musical projects, including writing, acting, and fashion; in 2005 he founded a clothing company called Clandestine Industries.He also hosts the TV show Best Ink and runs a film production company called Bartskull Films, as well as a bar called Angels & Kings. His philanthropic activities include collaborations with Invisible Children, Inc. and UNICEF's Tap Project, a fundraising project that helps bring clean drinking water to people worldwide, People magazine states that "no bassist has upstaged a frontman as well as <mask> of Fall Out Boy." He is also a minority owner of the Phoenix Rising FC, a USL Championship team. Early life
<mask> <mask> III was born in Wilmette, Illinois, an affluent suburb of Chicago. His parents are Dale (née Lewis), a high school admissions counselor, and <mask> II, an attorney. Wentz is of English and German descent on his father's side and Afro-Jamaican descent on his mother's side. He has a younger sister, Hillary, and a younger brother, Andrew.His maternal grandfather, Arthur Winston Lewis, served as the U.S. Ambassador to Sierra Leone; Arthur Winston Lewis' cousin was General Colin Powell. <mask>' parents met in the 1970s while campaigning for Joe Biden's senatorial run. Wentz recalled in a Rolling Stone interview that his earliest musical memory was listening to The Foundations' song "Build Me Up Buttercup" in the back of his father's car. Wentz attended North Shore Country Day School, where he was an all-state soccer player. He considered pursuing a professional career in the sport, but decided that music was a more fulfilling choice; he says that he "always had a magical connection to the ball. But it didn't feel like an adventure.Music was more of a challenge and, in the end, felt more interesting." During his first year of high school, he began skipping school regularly and smoking marijuana with friends, but later quit as it was affecting his grades at school. After graduating from high school in 1997, he attended DePaul University, where he studied political science, dropping out one quarter shy of graduation to focus on Fall Out Boy. Music career

Arma Angelus and other early projects (1993–2002)
<mask> was primarily involved in the Chicago hardcore punk scene and was in several bands in the late 1990s. He formed his first band, First Born, in 1993. By the mid-1990s, he became an infrequent bass player for Racetraitor. <mask> formed the metalcore band Novena (later renamed to Arma Angelus) soon after, along with Adam Bishop of XshroudX and Extinction; Daniel Binaei of Racetraitor; and Timothy Miller.The band cycled through six bassists before recruiting Tim McIlrath, who had recently departed from Baxter. They released their debut EP the Grave End of the Shovel in 2000. Around this time, Binaei's partial relocation of California led to hiring of Jay Jancetic of Extinction. McIlrath then departed from the band in 2000, in order to focus on Transistor Revolt and The Killing Tree, leading to the band's recruitment of, XshroudX and Restraint member, Christopher Gutierrez. In 2001, the released their debut album Where Sleeplessness Is Rest From Nightmares. In support of the album they toured with Throwdown and Hatebreed, and performed at Hellfest. These tours also saw the recruitment of bassist Joe Trohman, after Gutierrez's departure, however Trohman's severe stage fright led to the band bringing him back mid-tour, and residing Trohman to selling merchandise.Around this time, <mask> also played in Birthright, Extinction and Yellow Road Priest. He and Arma Angelus' bassist Joe Trohman founded the pop-punk band Fall Out Boy after Trohman introduced <mask> to a musical acquaintance, Patrick Stump. Andy Hurley agreed to drum part-time, but only joined the band full-time later. In 2002, Arma Angelus, played its last show. Fall Out Boy (2001–2009, 2013–present)

In 2002, Fall Out Boy released an EP called Fall Out Boy/Project Rocket Split EP. Soon after, in 2003, the band released their mini-LP Fall Out Boy's Evening Out with Your Girlfriend on Uprising Records. This album would later be digitally remastered and reissued after the band's third, successful full-album release From Under the Cork Tree, on the major label Island Records.In 2003, the band released their first full-length album, Take This to Your Grave through Fueled By Ramen. Fall Out Boy signed with major label Island Records in 2003 and in 2004 released an acoustic EP and DVD entitled, My Heart Will Always Be the B-Side to My Tongue. Their third album, From Under the Cork Tree, was released in 2005. <mask> wrote the lyrics to the lead single, "Sugar, We're Goin Down" with his dad in Chicago; the song peaked at #8 on the Billboard Hot 100 and spent months in the top 50 of the Hot 100, marking five weeks in the top 10 and fourteen weeks in the top 20. The band's major label debut album has since been certified double platinum by the RIAA as well as "Sugar, We're Goin Down." In 2007, Fall Out Boy's fourth album, Infinity on High was released to major success, debuting at #1 on the Billboard 200 with 260,000 sales, spurred by the lead single, "This Ain't a Scene, It's an Arms Race", which reached the top ten in the US & UK and topped the charts in New Zealand. The second single, "Thnks fr th Mmrs" sold more than 2 million units in the US.The band's fifth studio album, Folie à Deux was released on December 13, 2008, and debuted at #8 on the Billboard 200. The band toured extensively in support of their albums. In November 2009, the four band members announced they will be taking an indefinite hiatus, saying they were unsure of the future of the band. <mask> has said that his personal reason for taking a break is that he feels that his name and marriage to pop singer Ashlee Simpson had become a hindrance for the band. He added: "I think the world needs a little less <mask>tz". On February 4, 2013, Fall Out Boy unexpectedly announced their return, along with an album and single with which all four members contributed. Once again, <mask> had main control of song writing duties.On April 12, 2013, the band released a new album entitled, Save Rock and Roll, featuring the lead single My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up), and dates for a new tour. The band played their first show in over three years on the night of February 4 in Chicago. 'Save Rock and Roll' peaked at No. 1 on the Billboard 200, selling 154,000 copies in its first week, becoming the band's 4th consecutive top 10 album. With Fall Out Boy, Wentz toured heavily throughout 2013 and 2014 on the album, selling out arenas worldwide, with bands such as Paramore on the Monumentour. In October 2013, they released a new EP, PAX AM Days which they recorded in a two-day session with producer Ryan Adams. Sixth studio album American Beauty/American Psycho was released to become the band's third Billboard 200 No.1 album, debuting with 192,000 first week sales and 218,000 equivalent album units. The album was preceded by the triple Platinum top 10 single Centuries. Uma Thurman was released to mainstream radio on April 14, 2014, and peaked at 22 on the 'Billboard' Top 100, and were certified as Platinum in August 2015. In April 2017, Fall Out Boy released Young and Menace, the lead single for the seventh studio album. The band's seventh album Mania was officially released January 19, 2018, and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, making it the band's third consecutive and fourth chart-topping debut overall. In 2018 Fall Out Boy headlined Wrigley Field in the band's hometown of Chicago, marking a milestone in their career as their first headline show at a stadium. Black Cards (2010–2012)

In July 2010, Wentz, with singer Bebe Rexha, guitarist Nate Patterson, and drummer <mask>, formed the ska/electropop band Black Cards.Originally, the band had planned to release a full-length LP in the summer of 2011. However, after several delays, the departures of both Patterson and Rexha, and general uncertainty about the band's future, the group reshuffled, scrapping the original album and announcing plans to release a mixtape, write new material, and continue to remix tracks by other artists. With regards to the band's sound, <mask> has said that during the time he took off to spend with his family, he began to be inspired by Jamaican reggae songs such as Culture's "Two Sevens Clash" and The Gladiators' "Warriors". <mask> then contacted producer Sam Hollander (Gym Class Heroes, Cobra Starship, Hey Monday) and discussed the idea with him to mash up ska, dance and reggae with 80s British rock and pop to create a new experimental sound. On January 12, 2012, the band announced via Facebook that vocalist Bebe Rexha was no longer a member of the group. Non-performance projects

Apart from his musical career, <mask> has been involved in various entrepreneurial ventures. Fall Out Boy bandmate Patrick Stump says of <mask>'s endeavors: "It scares me sometimes, watching him.The two seconds you're not with that dude he's made 30 decisions that are going to affect our band for the rest of the

masks:
Peter Lewis Kingston Wentz III
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Pete Wentz
Peter Lewis
Kingston Wentz
Pete Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Pete Wen
Wentz
Spencer Peterson
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz


texts:
 year." <mask>'s company, Clandestine Industries, distributes books, clothing, and other merchandise. On August 2, 2007, fashion company DKNY joined a partnership with Clandestine Industries. <mask> himself has served as a model on the DKNY/Clandestine promo website. In April 2007, <mask> came out with his own signature Squier Precision Bass. It has a black body with a red shell pickguard and special graphics that include <mask>'s own red bat/heart design on the body, plus a black bat/diamond fingerboard inlay at the 12th fret. It also features <mask>'s signature on the back of the headstock.<mask> owns a very similar custom Fender bass with a purple pickguard and bat/heart. In 2008, Fender gave his son, <mask>, a three-quarter-sized modified version of his guitar. <mask> opened a nightclub in New York with his bandmates as well as members of Gym Class Heroes, The Academy Is..., and Cobra Starship; the bands' managers are also involved in the enterprise. Called Angels & Kings, the club occupies the former space on 11th Street near Avenue A that housed the Orchid Lounge. Notable guests, including Tommy Hilfiger, arrived for the grand opening on April 20, 2007. In June 2007, <mask> celebrated the opening of Angels & Kings' second location in Chicago. On December 13, 2008, <mask>, along with Travis McCoy of Gym Class Heroes, created several pieces for an art exhibit at Gallery 1988 in Los Angeles called "Without You, I'm Just Me."The exhibit closed on December 24, 2008. <mask> appeared in the season 5 episode of CSI: NY, "Point of No Return", along with then-wife Ashlee Simpson. <mask> also hosted the Australia MTV VMAs on March 27, 2009. <mask> collaborated with Mark Hoppus on the track "In Transit" on the Almost Alice soundtrack for the 2010 movie, Alice in Wonderland. He was also a judge for the 10th and 11th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists' careers. Writing
<mask> has written a book entitled The Boy With the Thorn in His Side, a story based on nightmares he had as a child. The title is a reference to "The Boy with the Thorn in His Side" on The Smiths' album The Queen Is Dead.<mask> explained that writing books serves as another mode of self-expression other than songwriting: "My inspiration and my ideas don't begin and end at the beginning and the ending of a song. It is too limiting." It was reported that he was to publish another book, entitled Rainy Day Kids, but years went by without any word on the book's progress, and <mask> even expressed on his Twitter account that he didn't think it would ever come to fruition. However, in February 2012, he posted a photo on his personal blog of what appeared to be a rough draft of the book's manuscript, explaining that he was currently in the process of editing Rainy Day Kids and that it would be 40–50 pages longer than he originally expected. On December 13, 2012, <mask> revealed the cover for the book, now titled Gray, on his personal blog. The book, which was written with MTV News writer and former FNMTV co-host James Montgomery, was released on February 26, 2013. In June 2009, it was announced that <mask> was working on a five-issue comic book mini-series called Fall Out Toy Works, to be published by Image Comics.The idea was conceived by <mask> and designer Darren Romanelli. The plot is loosely based on the Fall Out Boy song "Tiffany Blews" and focuses on "a mysterious toymaker, a cyborg gal named Tiffany and a kid in a bear suit that looks lifted from the cover of Fall Out Boy's Folie á Deux." With writing by Brett Lewis, and art by Sam Basri, the first issue was released on September 2, 2009. Film and television work

<mask> also has a film production company called Bartskull Films, which put out the DVD Release the Bats, starring <mask>, his bandmates, and several of his personal friends. <mask> has told several sources that he has all the footage to release a sequel, but editing and time constraints have kept him from doing so, and therefore the fate of the project is still up in the air. <mask> was in a multi-episode arc of the show One Tree Hill, appearing at Tric (the local all-ages club in Tree Hill) with the entire band. The band first appeared in an episode "An Attempt to Tip the Scales", where they played their single "Dance, Dance" and went on to appear on Peyton and Ellie's (also One Tree Hill's album) tribute album, "Friends with Benefit" to support cancer awareness.<mask> made his first solo cameo in the episode "When It Isn't Like It Should Be" as the romantic interest of Peyton Sawyer, a senior at Tree Hill who had booked the band to play at Tric. He also made a brief cameo appearance in the show Californication. On February 6, 2008, it was reported that <mask> was the leading candidate for writer Diablo Cody's follow-up film to Juno, Jennifer's Body. The role ended up going to Adam Brody. On February 24, 2008, <mask> appeared in comedian Jimmy Kimmel's video "I'm Fucking Ben Affleck" as a chorus member (along with many other celebrities). The video was in response to one made by Kimmel's then-girlfriend, Sarah Silverman, "I'm Fucking Matt Damon". In 2009, he made a cameo appearance as himself in Degrassi Goes Hollywood.In 2016, he made a guest appearance on the Nickelodeon series, School of Rock. In 2012, he appeared as himself on The Eric Andre Show. In 2017, <mask> guest starred, with his bandmates, in Cartoon Network's Teen Titans Go! playing himself in the first, third and fourth parts of "The Night Begins to Shine". Their cover of the title song from the special was commercially released. <mask> hosts the TV show Best Ink. <mask> directed a music video for the song "If It's Love" by American rock band Train.He was a contestant in an episode of the Nickelodeon game show Double Dare. In 2020, he made a guest appearance on two episodes of the Nickelodeon show, All That. Personal life

<mask> has bipolar disorder, and has taken medication for it since he was eighteen. In February 2005, <mask> attempted suicide by taking an overdose of the anxiety medication Ativan, and as a result, spent a week in the hospital. Commenting on the event to a magazine, he said:

The suicide attempt was put into song form, "7 Minutes in Heaven (Atavan Halen)" and released on their album, From Under the Cork Tree. After this event, <mask> moved back in with his parents. <mask> later spoke of his suicide attempt to the support site Halfofus.com.In 2006, <mask> started dating singer Ashlee Simpson. In April 2008, Simpson and <mask> confirmed their engagement, and were married on May 17, 2008, at Simpson's parents' residence in Encino, Los Angeles, with her father officiating the ceremony. Two weeks later, she confirmed her pregnancy. Her surname changed from Simpson to <mask> and she was briefly known professionally as Ashlee <mask>. Simpson gave birth to their son on November 20, 2008. On February 8, 2011, Simpson filed for divorce, citing "irreconcilable differences". She asked for joint custody and primary physical custody of their son with visitation for <mask>, along with spousal support.However, a later report said that Simpson believed the couple simply "married too young", with the source stating that, "It was honestly a classic case of marrying young, having a kid young and growing apart over the years". <mask> reportedly did not want the divorce. Their divorce was finalized on November 22, 2011. On February 17, 2014, <mask> and his current girlfriend Meagan Camper announced that the couple were expecting their first child together and <mask>'s second. Their son was born on August 20, 2014. On January 2, 2018, <mask> posted to his Instagram that he and Camper were expecting their second child together and <mask>'s third, a girl. On May 13, 2018, their daughter was born.Philanthropy and activism
<mask> is a supporter of Invisible Children, Inc., an organization dedicated to helping the cause of displaced refugees in Uganda. He and Fall Out Boy traveled to the nation, and filmed the music video for the song "I'm Like a Lawyer... (Me & You)" there. Prior to the trip, he participated in an event organized by Invisible Children called "Displace Me", in which 67,000 activists throughout the United States slept in the streets in makeshift cardboard villages, hoping to raise awareness about those displaced by the Ugandan government. Along with Mary J. Blige and Billy Corgan, <mask> is a spokesperson for The Jed Foundation's Half of Us campaign, a program aimed at lowering the rate of teenage suicide. <mask> was a vegetarian for many years, and appeared on the ballot of PETA's third annual "Sexiest Vegetarian" awards. Discography

Arma Angelus

 Where Sleeplessness Is Rest from Nightmares (2001)

Fall Out Boy

 Take This to Your Grave (2003)
 From Under the Cork Tree (2005)
 Infinity on High (2007)
 Folie à Deux (2008)
 Save Rock and Roll (2013)
 American Beauty/American Psycho (2015)
 Mania (2018)

Black Cards

Other Work

Singles

Albums

References

External links

<mask>tz's Official website

1979 births
Living people
American memoirists
American punk rock bass guitarists
American male bass guitarists
DePaul University alumni
LGBT rights activists from the United States
Fall Out Boy members
Singers from Illinois
People from Wilmette, Illinois
People with bipolar disorder
North Shore Country Day School alumni
American people of Jamaican descent
American people of English descent
American people of German descent
African-American rock musicians
New Trier High School alumni
Guitarists from Illinois
Phoenix Rising FC chairmen and investors
21st-century American bass guitarists
Arma Angelus members
African-American male songwriters
African-American guitarists
20th-century African-American male singers
21st-century African-American male singers
Black Cards

masks:
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Bronx Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Simpson Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Wentz
Pete Wen