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<mask> (born April 27, 1949) is an American politician serving as the U.S. representative for Florida's 11th congressional district since 2017. A member of the Republican Party, he first entered Congress in 2011. He represented  from 2011 to 2017 (numbered as the 8th district during his first term). Before his congressional service, he served 28 years in the Florida legislature. After receiving his engineering degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology, <mask> worked in the family air conditioning and heating business that he now owns and operates. He has been a resident of Florida since the age of seven and resides in Winter Garden. First elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1980 and the Florida Senate in 1998, <mask> is the longest-serving legislator in Florida history.He became Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives (1996–1998) and Florida Senate Majority Leader (2006–2008); he left the legislature after reaching the legal term limits. He ran unopposed in all of his elections for the state legislature except for the first three: 1980, 1982 and 1984. <mask> was first elected to the United States House of Representatives in 2010. He has since run three times for Speaker of the House: in January 2015, he received 12 votes; in October 2015, he received 9 votes; in 2017, he received one vote. In the 115th United States Congress, <mask> sat on the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee, the Natural Resources Committee and the Science, Space and Technology Committee. Early life, education, and business career

<mask> was born in Charleston, West Virginia, the son of Mildred Rada (Schoolcraft), a nurse, and <mask>. He was raised in Orlando, Florida, where his family moved when <mask> was seven, upon a doctor's recommendation that a change of climate might cure <mask>'s sinus problems.He is a distant relative of the antebellum politician and orator <mask>. He attended the Georgia Institute of Technology, where he was student government chaplain from 1970 to 1971 and a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He graduated in 1971 with a Bachelor of Science degree in electrical engineering. Upon graduation, <mask>'s Vietnam War student deferment expired and he became eligible for conscription into the U.S. military, but was not drafted, because he failed the physical exam due to lifelong foot problems that prevent him from standing for long periods. Since college, <mask> has worked in the family air conditioning and heating business; he presently owns and operates it. <mask> lives in Winter Garden, Florida. Florida House of Representatives

Elections
1980
<mask> first ran for the Florida House in 1979 at age 30.He had been working on a project with his church to convert a residential house into a place for Sunday school to be conducted. When the Orange County commissioners rejected the church's request for a zoning exception, <mask> investigated and found that the county commission had rejected every zoning exemption request brought before them by a church or religious organization. Seeking to rectify what he thought an injustice, <mask> decided to run for public office after finding no politician who shared his displeasure with local and statewide government. In the Republican primary, <mask> ranked first with 38%, short of the 50% necessary to avoid a runoff election. In the runoff, he defeated Barbara Owens, 54%–46%. In the general election, he defeated Democratic State Representative Henry Swanson 51%–49%, a difference of just 2,070 votes. The race came down to one precinct, <mask>'s own Pine Hills, which he won.1982—1984
After redistricting, <mask> ran in Florida's newly redrawn 41st House District. He was reelected, defeating Craig Crawford 58%–42%. In 1984, he was reelected to a third term over fellow State Representative Dick Batchelor, 54%–46%. 1986—1996
After defeating Batchelor in 1984, <mask> never had another opponent in the State House of Representatives, being reelected unopposed every two years. Tenure
<mask> was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 1980. There, he served as Minority Floor Leader, and then Minority Whip. In 1996, when the Republicans gained a majority in the House, <mask> became the first Republican Speaker of the Florida House in 122 years.He remained Speaker until 1998 when term limits made him ineligible to run for reelection. During his tenure as Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives, <mask> received recognition and awards from a number of organizations, including the American Heart Association for support of AHA priority issues (1996), the Board of Regents Legislative Award (1995), the Florida Association of State Troopers Leadership Award for Excellence in Legislative Leadership (1996), the Florida Banking Association Award (1995), the Florida Chamber of Commerce Legislator of the Year (1995), the Florida Farm Bureau Legislative Award (1995), the Florida Hotel and Motel Association Special Recognition Award (1995), the Florida League of Cities Quality Floridian (1995), the Florida Medical Association recognition award (1996), and the Republican Party of Florida Statesman of the Year award (1995). Education
<mask>'s first bill to become law was the 1985 Home Education Program Act which legalized homeschooling in Florida. He considers it his most significant legislation. He homeschooled his six children, remains a homeschooling advocate, and a member of a non-denominational Christian organization that promotes homeschooling, the Institute in Basic Life Principles. While Speaker of the House in 1997, <mask> insisted that legislation providing funding to schools must balance the needs of all school districts and not raise any taxes. He agreed to a school construction plan funded by borrowing of up to $2.5 billion in bonds, though he thought the crowding problem was being exaggerated for political purposes.He also sponsored 1998 legislation to improve and streamline pre-kindergarten education and provide training for parents who homeschooled their children. Marriage
In 1990, <mask> sponsored and supported legislation in Florida introducing the policy of covenant marriage. This would make divorce between even two consenting individuals much harder, except in cases of infidelity. Committee assignments
 House Transportation Committee (Ranking Member)

Florida Senate

Elections
<mask> ran unopposed for the Florida Senate in Florida's 12th and 9th Senate Districts. He served until reaching the term limit in 2008. Tenure
In 2002, <mask> unsuccessfully tried for the position of Senate President. From 2006 to 2008, he served as Senate Majority Leader.In 2006, while Majority Leader of the Florida Senate, he received the Florida Family Policy Council Award (2006). The Florida Department of Transportation Turnpike District Headquarters was named the "<mask> <mask> Building" in 2008 and in 2005 State Road 429 was designated the "Daniel Webster Western Beltway". In addition, the largest committee room in the Florida House was named "<mask> <mask> Hall" in his honor in 2008. Drugs
In 2007, <mask> attached an amendment to a bill for steroid testing of high school athletes that would have created an oversight body for private school athletes separate from the Florida High School Athletic Association. He said the provision was in response to complaints from private schools that had been allegedly singled out for recruiting violations. Abortion
In 2008 <mask> sponsored SB 2400 in the Florida Senate requiring that all women planning to undergo an abortion receive an ultrasound, but giving them a choice of whether to see the live images of the fetus. He argued that it would give women more medical information before receiving an abortion, and said if that changed some women's minds, it would make him happy.Opponents said the measure would be an invasion of privacy. The bill did not pass the Senate at that time, but later became law. He also sponsored a law that would have required minors to notify their legal guardians before receiving an abortion. It has been alleged that <mask> does not believe in the right to have an abortion following rape or incest. When questioned by a reporter on the topic, <mask> declines to comment. He eventually said that this was an issue being used to distract from the real issue, which was that "Washington is broken." Schiavo case
<mask> was a central figure in the Terri Schiavo case, which involved a dispute between relatives on whether to remove the feeding tube of an unconscious woman who had been in a persistent vegetative state for years.In March 2005, he introduced SB 804, which would have prohibited such patients from being denied food and water if family members disagreed on the patient's wishes and if the patient had not expressed their wishes in writing when competent. The bill failed to pass the Senate by three votes. Committee assignments
He also chaired the Senate Judiciary Committee. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2010

<mask> rejected early suggestions by several leaders in the Republican Party of Florida that he run to represent Florida's 8th congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives, but in April 2010, he changed his mind and entered the race. His name recognition and an endorsement from former Governor of Florida Jeb Bush quickly made him the front-runner. He was further aided by a late endorsement and campaign rally from former Governor of Arkansas Mike Huckabee. On August 24, 2010, <mask> defeated six other candidates in the Republican primary, winning nomination with 40% of the vote, to the runner-up's 23%.<mask> was named one of 52 "Young Guns" of the National Republican Congressional Committee's Young Guns Program, those the party viewed as serious contenders in their races. The campaign featured ads by opponent Alan Grayson that criticized <mask>'s conservative religious views on marriage and abortion as well as attack ads against Grayson financed by Americans for Prosperity and the 60 Plus Association. In July 2010, <mask> signed a pledge sponsored by Americans for Prosperity promising to "oppose legislation relating to climate change that includes a net increase in government revenue." On November 2, 2010, <mask> won the seat, 56% to 38%. Three other candidates were on the ballot: Independent George Metcalfe, Florida Whig Party candidate Steve Gerritzen, and Peg Dunmire of the Florida TEA Party. 2012

Due to redistricting, <mask> ran for reelection in the 10th district. <mask> defeated Val Demings, the former Chief of Police of the Orlando Police Department, 52% to 48%.2014

<mask> faced former Navy Chief Petty Officer Mike McKenna, a Walt Disney World security officer. McKenna had a very limited budget and ran a door-to-door campaign. <mask> was reelected, 62% to 38%. 2016

Due to a series of court-ordered re-drawings that made the 10th substantially more Democratic, <mask> announced he would instead run in the 11th district. The district's incumbent, fellow Republican Rich Nugent, was retiring. <mask> had previously represented much of the redrawn 11th's eastern portion, around Ocala and The Villages. He opted to maintain his residence in Winter Garden, within the borders of the 10th; members of Congress are required only to live in the state they wish to represent.<mask> won the Republican primary 60%–40% over Justin Grabelle. He defeated Democratic nominee Dave Koller, 65%–32%. 2018

<mask> ran for reelection in 2018 for the 11th District. No Republican candidates opposed <mask>, so he advanced to the general election. <mask> defeated Democratic nominee Dana Cottrell, 65%–35%. 2020

<mask> ran for reelection in 2020 for the 11th District. No Republican candidates opposed <mask>, so he advanced to the general election, in which he again defeated Cottrell.Tenure
<mask>'s main platform in the 2010 election was a call for smaller, streamlined government, spending cuts, budget roll backs, and tax cuts. He also said he would increase the protection of personal rights and encourage financial responsibility in the federal government. <mask> predicted that if Republicans took back Congress, "we would have the opportunity for turning this country around." In the January 2015 vote for Speaker of the House, <mask> received the second-most Republican votes. On September 28, 2015, <mask> announced that he was running again for Speaker of the House to replace John Boehner. He received 43 votes in the House GOP Conference, but most members of the Freedom Caucus who voted for him in conference honored their pledge to support Ryan on the House floor, and <mask> received nine votes in the final tally. Despite not being a candidate in the 2017 speakership election, <mask> received one vote, from Thomas Massie of Kentucky.Committee assignments
 Committee on Natural Resources
 Subcommittee on Water, Oceans and Wildlife
 Committee on Science, Space, and Technology
 Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics
 Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings and Emergency Management (Ranking Member)
 Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment

Source

2004 U.S. Senate election

<mask> briefly ran for the United States Senate in 2004 when he attempted to collect the 93,000 signatures necessary to place his name on the ballot without paying the filing fee. <mask> claimed that he sought to be the first Senate candidate to ever qualify by this method as both a symbolic gesture and a way to build an early network of voters. He eventually qualified by paying the fee instead, and later dropped out of the race. When Mel Martinez resigned from the United States Senate, it fell upon Governor Charlie Crist to name a replacement to finish out his Senate term. <mask> was floated early on as one of seven potential candidates for the position. In the end, George LeMieux was selected for the position. Political positions

<mask>'s campaign website, <mask> for Congress, describes him as a committed conservative.Education
<mask> is an advocate for home schooling. Gun law
<mask> supports allowing gun owners to carry concealed firearms across state lines where concealed carry is legal. In 2017, he voted for H.J.Res.40, which successfully used the Congressional Review Act to block implementation of an Obama-era amendment to the NICS Improvement Amendments Act of 2007 that was aimed at preventing the mentally infirm from legally purchasing firearms. In 2015–2016, <mask> accepted $1,000 in direct campaign contributions from the NRA's Political Victory Fund. From 2004 to 2018, he accepted $37,881 from NRA sources. <mask> has an "A" rating from the NRA, generally indicating a voting record that supports gun rights. Human rights

<mask> has a "0" rating from the Human Rights Campaign regarding his voting record on LGBT-related matters.He co-sponsored the First Amendment Defense Act. He does not support same-sex marriage. Social issues

Abortion

<mask> is pro-life and opposes abortion under all circumstances. Cannabis
<mask> has a "D" rating from NORML for his voting history regarding cannabis-related causes. He is against veterans having access to medical marijuana if recommended by their Veterans Health Administration doctor and if it is legal for medicinal purposes in their state of residence. Tax reform

<mask> voted for the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. He believes the current tax code is "punishing taxpayers" and is broken.He says the 2017 act "allows Americans to keep more money in their pockets, ends lobbyist loopholes and special-interest exemptions, and makes everyone play by the same rules." He says "the majority" of his constituents will be "among the biggest winners in the nation" as a result of the new tax policies. Donald Trump

Texas v. Pennsylvania
In December 2020, <mask> was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi issued a statement that called signing the amicus brief an act of "election subversion." She also reprimanded <mask> and the other House members who supported the lawsuit: "The 126 Republican Members that signed onto this lawsuit brought dishonor to the House. Instead of upholding their oath to support and defend the Constitution, they chose to subvert the Constitution and undermine public trust in our sacred democratic institutions."New Jersey Representative Bill Pascrell, citing section three of the 14th Amendment, called for Pelosi to not seat <mask> and the other Republicans who signed the brief supporting the suit, arguing that "the text of the 14th Amendment expressly forbids Members of Congress from engaging in rebellion against the United States. Trying to overturn a democratic election and install a dictator seems like a pretty clear example of that." Second impeachment
<mask> did not cast a vote regarding the second impeachment of Donald Trump on January 13, 2021, due to a "family medical obligation". Personal life
<mask> is a Southern Baptist and attends First Baptist Church of Central Florida. He is on the University of Central Florida board of trustees. He and his wife Sandra E. "Sandy" (Jordan) <mask> have six children. As of 2018, they have 17 grandchildren.The <mask>s home-schooled their children using the curriculum of the Advanced Training Institute, founded by Bill Gothard. In May 2014, their son John married Alyssa Bates, daughter of Gil and Kelly Bates. The Bates family stars in the reality show Bringing Up Bates and were recurring guests on the show 19 Kids and Counting, which depicted the lives of their friends, Jim Bob Duggar and his wife Michelle. References

External links
 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 <mask> for Congress

1949 births
21st-century American politicians
Florida Republicans
Florida state senators
Georgia Tech alumni
Homeschooling advocates
Living people
Members of the Florida House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida
Politicians from Charleston, West Virginia
People from Winter Garden, Florida
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Florida
Speakers of the Florida House of Representatives
University of Central Florida faculty
University of Central Florida Trustees
American gun rights activists
Conservatism in the United States

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<mask> (September 22, 1942 – January 1, 2020) was an American lawyer and business executive who was the commissioner of the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1984 to 2014 and oversaw NBA basketball's growth into one of the world's most popular sports during the 1990s and 2000s. He is credited with developing and broadening the NBA's audience, especially internationally by setting up training camps, playing exhibition games, and recruiting more international players. In addition, with <mask>'s guidance the NBA opened 12 offices in cities outside the United States, and broadcast to over 200 territories in over 40 languages. <mask> also helped found the Women's National Basketball Association and the NBA G League, the NBA's development league. Under <mask>, the NBA launched their digital presence with NBA.com, NBA TV and NBA League Pass. He also established the NBA's social responsibility program, NBA Cares. <mask> started with the NBA in 1966 as an outside counsel, then joined the NBA in 1978 as general counsel and became the league's executive vice president in 1980.He became commissioner in 1984, succeeding Larry O'Brien. After 30 years, <mask> retired in 2014 as the longest-tenured commissioner in the history of major North American sports leagues. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and FIBA Hall of Fame. <mask> was on the Rutgers University Board of Overseers, a Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center and chair of JALC's Marketing Committee, and was a Chair Emeritus of the Board of Trustees of Columbia University. He was also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Early life
<mask> was born in Manhattan, New York City, one of three children of Anna (née Bronstein, 1918–1990) and <mask> (1918–1980), a Jewish family. He grew up in Teaneck, New Jersey, and his father ran a Jewish delicatessen in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan.<mask> grew up a New York Knicks fan, considered Carl Braun his hero, and attended games at Madison Square Garden with his father. He played basketball briefly in adulthood before sustaining a serious right knee injury during a New York Lawyers League game. After graduating from Teaneck High School in 1959, <mask> went to Rutgers University, where he was a member of the Sigma Alpha Mu fraternity and graduated in 1963 with a B.A. in history. He then attended law school at Columbia University, receiving a J.D. in 1966. National Basketball Association

Early work
After graduating from law school, <mask> joined the law firm of Proskauer, Rose, Goetz & Mendelsohn (now Proskauer Rose), which has long represented the NBA.He was the lead attorney representing the firm in the case of Robertson vs National Basketball Association, the landmark lawsuit brought against the NBA by star player Oscar Robertson. <mask> helped the league negotiate a settlement that allowed the NBA/ABA merger to proceed in return for the NBA abolishing the "option" clause in its uniform player contract and allowing players to become free agents for the first time. In 1978, <mask> left Proskauer Rose to become the NBA's General Counsel under Commissioner Larry O'Brien. By 1980, O'Brien promoted <mask> to be the NBA's executive vice president for business and legal affairs, which made <mask> de facto in charge of marketing, television, and public relations for the league. During this time, <mask> largely drove two landmark agreements with the NBA Players' Association: drug testing and team salary cap. An August 1980 report by the Los Angeles Times had estimated that 40 to 75 percent of NBA players used cocaine. The drug testing policy dealt with the perception that the NBA had a drug problem, which it admitted, and it was cleaning it up.The NBA was the first of the major sports leagues in North America to implement a drug testing policy. The salary cap created a revenue-sharing system where owner and player were effectively partners, with players receiving 53 percent of all revenues. Both of these agreements solidified <mask>'s standing inside NBA circles. NBA Commissioner
On February 1, 1984, <mask> became the Commissioner of the NBA, succeeding O'Brien during the league's recovery from its darkest period. Instead of marketing the league's teams, he changed the focus to its star players, such as Magic Johnson and Larry Bird, and Michael Jordan and Charles Barkley from the 1984 NBA draft, which was held soon after <mask> took office. Jordan's arrival, in particular, ushered in a new era of commercial bounty for the NBA. With him came his flair and talent for the game, and that brought in shoe contracts from Nike which helped to give the league even more national attention.<mask> guided the league through dwindling viewership en route to global growth. In his first year as commissioner, <mask> offered Adrian Paenza, a South American basketball and soccer analyst, and the Argentina Channel 9 the rights to air weekly NBA highlights for $2,000 a year. In 1987, he started the shipping of VHS tapes from his New York office to China's state-run television station to expand the league's reach beyond North America. <mask> pushed to allow professionals to participate in the Olympics, helping spawn the 1992 U.S. Olympic team of NBA players, dubbed the "Dream Team", which begat the first wave of international NBA stars. One of the Dream Team members was Johnson. A year earlier, he announced that he was HIV-positive and retiring from basketball in a press conference with <mask> sitting by his side. At the time, the public was afraid of HIV and the disease was demonized.Some people feared it could be transmitted by sweat or a handshake. Despite backlash, <mask> allowed Johnson to play in the 1992 NBA All-Star Game and later for the Dream Team. Having read medical literature and consulted experts, <mask> helped inform league owners, players, sponsors and the public about the virus. The NBA put infection-control procedures in place; previously, players were allowed to play while bleeding. In 1995, the NBA expanded into Canada, introducing the Toronto Raptors and the Vancouver Grizzlies to the league. During <mask>'s tenure, a total of seven new franchises (the Hornets, Timberwolves, Heat, Magic, Grizzlies, Raptors, and Bobcats) were admitted to the NBA, bringing the number of teams in the league to 30 by 2004. In 2000, it was revealed that the Minnesota Timberwolves had tampered with Joe Smith two years earlier by promising him a more lucrative contract in future years in exchange for signing him below market value so they could sign more players in the short-term.The NBA voided the last year of Smith's contract, fined the franchise $3.5 million and took away the Timberwolves' next three 1st-round NBA Draft picks. Although many believed that tampering is a common practice, <mask> abided by arbitrator Kenneth Dam's ruling that the Timberwolves had signed the secret agreement, and denied that the league was making an example of the Timberwolves. Before the 2005–06 season, the NBA announced a new dress code, which banned players from wearing headphones, chains, shorts, sleeveless shirts, indoor sunglasses, T-shirts, jerseys and headgear such as baseball caps during NBA-related public appearances. Allen Iverson criticized the policy: "They're targeting guys who dress like me, guys who dress hip-hop ... I think they went way overboard." A decade later, <mask>'s edict was credited with spawning a style trend among NBA stars toward high fashion. <mask> advocated a minimum age limit for NBA players.Starting with the 2006 NBA draft, players could no longer be selected straight out of high school and needed to be at least 19 years old, creating the one-and-done rule. In 2001, <mask> had stated, "If these kids have the ability to get a little more maturity, a little more coaching, a little bit more life experience overall, that's good." He was criticized for his reference to the 18-year-old adults, most of whom were African American, as "these kids", when other professional sports and occupations allowed 18-year-olds. For the 2006–07 season the NBA introduced a new "microfiber" basketball for use in NBA games, replacing the previous style ball used since 1970. Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban agreed with the need for a new ball, claiming the old style ball was inconsistent. Many of the league's most prominent players openly expressed their dislike for the new ball, such as Shaquille O'Neal who said, "Feels like one of those cheap balls that you buy at the toy store." A study, financed by Cuban, claimed that the new ball "bounces 5 to 8% lower than typical leather balls when dropped from 4 feet...[and] the new ball bounces 30% more erratically."However, <mask> initially refused to go back to the original ball despite many complaints by players about the new ball. Two months into the season, the National Basketball Players Association filed a grievance related to the quality of the ball and the cuts it had caused on players' fingers. <mask> acknowledged that the NBA "could have done a better job" with the decision and implementation, and that it would have been better to get the players' input in advance. On December 11, 2006, the NBA announced that it would in fact switch back to the leather ball starting on January 1, 2007. In 2007, <mask> injected himself in the controversy surrounding the purchase and subsequent relocation of the Seattle SuperSonics by Oklahoman Clay Bennett and his ownership group. His support for the surprising move from the nation's 14th-largest market to the 45th was questioned by many both in the public and media. <mask>'s tenure saw the relocation of six NBA franchises.In the summer of 2011, the NBA lockout cost the league regular-season games for the second time in league history; the first occurred during the 1998–99 lockout. Those were the only times the league has lost games as a result of work stoppages. <mask> was known as a relentless negotiator. During the 2011 lockout, he was accused by HBO commentator Bryant Gumbel of being "some kind of modern-day plantation overseer", a reference to the division between the NBA's primarily white owners and its predominantly black players. On December 8, 2011, <mask> vetoed a three-team trade that would have sent Chris Paul to the Lakers, Lamar Odom to the league-owned Hornets, and Pau Gasol to the Rockets for what a spokesman would only say were "basketball reasons". Early reactions from around the league, fanbase, and media were all largely negative, with players taking to Twitter to express their concerns, and several noted sports journalists criticizing the decision. The deal was maligned especially because of the conflict of interest posed by the league's ownership of one of its teams.On October 25, 2012, <mask> announced that he would step down as NBA commissioner on February 1, 2014, after 30 years in the role, longer than each of his three predecessors. He was succeeded by his deputy Adam Silver, but remained affiliated with the league with the title of commissioner emeritus. <mask> received the Olympic Order in 2012. In 2014, <mask> was inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In 2016, he became a member of the FIBA Hall of Fame. Personal life and death

<mask> was married to Dianne Bock <mask>, and they had two sons: Eric and Andrew. They resided in Scarsdale, New York.By the later years of his commissionership, <mask> was earning a $9 million salary. He stood at . On December 12, 2019, <mask> suffered a brain hemorrhage and underwent emergency surgery. He died in Manhattan on January 1, 2020, at age 77. In remembrance of <mask>, all NBA teams wore black bands on their jerseys for the remainder of the 2019–20 season. Several basketball legends and players mourned his death, including LeBron James, Michael Jordan, Magic Johnson, and Kobe Bryant (who also died twenty-five days after <mask>'s death). References

External links

 NBA profile
 International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame profile

1942 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
American sports businesspeople
Businesspeople from New Jersey
Businesspeople from New York City
Columbia Law School alumni
Deaths by intracerebral hemorrhage
FIBA Hall of Fame inductees
Jewish American sportspeople
Lawyers from New York City
Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association commissioners
New York (state) lawyers
People from Manhattan
People from Scarsdale, New York
Proskauer Rose people
Rutgers University alumni
Teaneck High School alumni
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

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Emmet Augustus "<mask><mask> is a former American football player who started as a quarterback and defensive back for the Texas Longhorns in the early 1960s. He was the starting quarterback on Texas' first National Championship team in 1963. In his final game, he set the NCAA record for most yards per pass completion in a bowl game and three Cotton Bowl records on his way to being named the game's Offensive MVP. He still holds the Cotton Bowl record for most yards per pass completion. Early life

<mask> was born in Kaufman, Texas, but moved to Athens, Texas, in November, 1955. He was called <mask> to differentiate himself from his father and grandfather, both also named Emmett. At Athens, he played quarterback and led his high school to three consecutive district titles, as well as the state quarterfinals in his junior year.Football
Arriving at Texas in 1960, <mask> played on an undefeated freshman team. During his sophomore season in 1961, <mask> was the starting safety and also saw some playing time as the third-string quarterback behind Mike Cotten and Tommy Wade. In 1962, after Wade was injured in the preseason, Johnny Genung was named the starting quarterback, but a close call against Oklahoma led to head coach Darrell Royal naming <mask> as the starter against #6 Arkansas in Little Rock. Down by 3 in the 4th quarter, Texas took over on their own 10 with <mask> leading the Longhorns to midfield. He was then replaced by Genung who led the Longhorns down to the 3 yard line before handing the ball to running back Tommy Ford for the win. Carlisle sealed the game by intercepting Arkansas on the subsequent possession, but Genung was the hero and <mask> wouldn't start at quarterback again until the next season. He did start every game on defense though.By 1963 though, <mask> had taken the starting quarterback role from Wade and started every game. He led the team to an 11-0 record and to Texas' first ever national title in football. Texas started the season ranked #5, but by the time the Red River Rivalry rolled around they were #2 and Oklahoma was #1. The game became the first #1 vs. #2 that Texas has ever played in, and after they won, <mask> appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. Texas won the following six games to win both the Southwest Conference and National Championships. Perhaps <mask>'s most important contribution towards the national title came not behind center, but on defense. Against Baylor, in the only game (and only series) in which he played safety during his senior year, he had a game-saving end-zone interception to preserve a 7-0 win.Two weeks later against Texas A&M, Texas fell behind and <mask> was pulled in favor of Wade. After Wade drove Texas to the 2-yard line and nearly threw the ball away, <mask> came back in and scored the game-winning touchdown with a little more than a minute left. For the season, <mask> was named he team's MVP. <mask> saved his best game for last against #2 Navy in the 1964 Cotton Bowl, played only six weeks after John F. Kennedy's assassination a few miles away. This would be the 2nd #1 vs. #2 game in Texas history and the only season in which Texas ever played in two such games. Though overshadowed by Heisman trophy winner Roger Staubach, <mask> was the star of the day. On the 6th play of the game, <mask> threw a 58-yard TD pass to Phil Harris.In the 2nd quarter, on an identical play, he threw a 63-yard touchdown pass, again to Harris. He passed for 213 yards and 2 touchdowns and rushed for another 54 yards and a touchdown, for 267 all purpose yards and 3 touchdowns - and he sat out much of the 2nd half. For comparison, in the previous 10 games that season he had amassed only 415 yards and 4 touchdowns. He was named Outstanding Back in the game averaging a then NCAA-record 30.4 yards per completion. He still holds the Cotton Bowl Record for yards per completion. <mask>'s final record as a Texas starting quarterback was a perfect 12-0. After the season was over, he was selected as a quarterback in the annual College All-Star Football Game in Chicago.Records
 UT - Most net yards passing in a bowl game (219), surpassed by Bret Stafford in 1986
 UT - Most yards per pass completion in a bowl game (7 completions minimum) (30.4)
 UT - Most wins without a loss, career (12-0), surpassed by James Street in 1969
 UT - Lowest Percentage of Passes Had Intercepted, season (5.1%) (50 attempts minimum), surpassed by Eddie Phillips in 1970
 UT - Lowest Percentage of Passes Had Intercepted, career (3.4%) (100 attempts minimum), surpassed by Richard Walton in 1998
 Cotton Bowl - Most yards per pass completion (10 attempts minimum) (30.4)
 Cotton Bowl - Most yards on touchdown passes (121), surpassed by Street in 1969
 Cotton Bowl - Most net yards passing 1st half (164), surpassed by Kevin Murray in 1986
 NCAA - Most yards per pass completion in a bowl game (7 completions minimum) (30.4), tied by Tony Rice of Notre Dame in 1989; surpassed by Chris McCoy of Navy in 1996 Aloha Bowl

Bold means still active

Later life
The Green Bay Packers drafted <mask> in the fifth round of the 1964 NFL Draft, but he was cut in training camp. The Dallas Cowboys picked him up, but he spent the entire 1964 season on the taxi squad and never played a down of professional football. In 1965, after an injury ended his chance at pro football, <mask> returned to UT and earned an M.B.A. He then applied to the Army's Medical Service Corps, rather than waiting to be drafted, and was sent to Germany for three years. He assumed he would be shipped to Vietnam, but the call never came. After a stint from 1969 to 1973 as an investment banker with Merrill Lynch in New York City and then Dallas, Carlisle joined his father-in-law in the oil business in McComb, Mississippi. His brother Todd played football at Mississippi and his nephew, Cooper Carlisle, was a standout football player at Florida who played in the NFL.In 1974 <mask> was inducted into the University of Texas Athletic Hall of fame; in 2000, he was inducted into the Cotton Bowl Hall of Fame; and in 2008, the field house at Athens High School was named for him. References

External links
"Duke's Day". Time. January 10, 1964. National Championship Memories: Duke Carlisle
  Texas Stats

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
People from Kaufman, Texas
People from Athens, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
American football quarterbacks
Texas Longhorns football players

masks:
Duke
" Carlisle III
Carlisle
Duke
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Carlisle
Duke


texts:
<mask>, CBE (born <mask>; 15 March 1943) is an English author, screenwriter and former actress, best known for writing the Prime Suspect television crime series. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> on 15 March 1943. <mask>e's older sister Dail was killed in a road accident, at the age of six, before she was born. Born and brought up in Liverpool, Lancashire, <mask>e trained for the stage at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. After finishing her studies, using the stage name Lynda Marchal, she appeared with the Royal Shakespeare Company in a variety of productions, as well as popular television series including Z-Cars, Educating Marmalade, The Sweeney, The Professionals, and Bergerac. As an actress she is perhaps best remembered as the hay-fever suffering ghost Tamara Novek in the BBC children's series Rentaghost. In 1974, <mask>e took her first scriptwriting job on the ITV children's series The Kids from 47A.Widows and career breakthrough
Her breakthrough came in 1983 when she created and wrote the six-part robbery series Widows for Thames Television. The plot concerned the widows of four armed robbers carrying out a heist planned by their deceased husbands. A second series of Widows followed in 1985, while a sequel She's Out took up the story ten years later. Her debut novel, The Legacy, was published in 1987 and received both critical and best-seller success. Her second, third and fourth novels came soon after – The Talisman (1987), Bella Mafia (1990) and Entwined (1993) – all of which became international best sellers. In 1990 <mask> started working on her next television project, Prime Suspect, which was released by Granada in 1991. Prime Suspect starred Helen Mirren as DCI Jane Tennison, airing in the UK as well as on PBS in the United States as part of the anthology program Mystery!.In 1993 <mask>e won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America for her work on the series. In 1992 she wrote a TV film called Seekers, starring Brenda Fricker and Josette Simon, produced by <mask>. In 1993 <mask>e formed her own television production company, La Plante Productions and through her new company she wrote and produced high-rating series The Governor (ITV 1995–96), Supply & Demand (ITV 1997–98), Killer Net (Channel 4 1998), acclaimed series Trial & Retribution (ITV 1997–2009), Mind Games (ITV 2001) and The Commander (ITV 2003–08). During this period <mask>e also released the Cold series of books; Cold Shoulder, Cold Blood and Cold Heart, followed by Sleeping Cruelty (2000) – adding to her list of best sellers. In 1996 <mask>e co-wrote and executive produced The Prosecutors (NBC) with Tom Fontana (starring Stockard Channing), wrote and executive produced Bella Mafia (1998 CBS) (starring Vanessa Redgrave), which <mask>e adapted from her novel of the same name. In 2001 she co-produced The Warden (2001 TNT), starring Ally Sheedy, a variation of <mask>e's series The Governor. <mask>e also co-produced her adaptation of the UK hit Widows (2002 ABC) and produced the pilot of Cold Shoulder (2006 New Regency / CBS) starring Kelly McGillis, which was based on her Cold series.<mask>e was also executive producer on Daniel Petrie Jnr's adaptation of her show Framed (2002 TNT) which starred Sam Neill and Rob Lowe. <mask>e released Royal Flush (2002), and then began working on her Anna Travis series, which includes Above Suspicion (2004), The Red Dahlia (2005), Clean Cut (2007), Deadly Intent (2008), Silent Scream (2009), Blind Fury (2010), Blood Line (2011), Backlash (2012), and Wrongful Death (2013). So successful were the books that a UK television series was written and produced by <mask>e starring Kelly Reilly and Ciarán Hinds. Widows was remade as a US-set film in 2018, directed by Steve McQueen. Prime Suspect was also remade as an American series, starring Maria Bello. It ran for 13 episodes in 2011-2012. Awards

<mask>e has received many awards over the course of her career.For her work on Prime Suspect she received two Emmy Awards for Outstanding Mini Series (1993, 1994), as well as the Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Mystery TV Episode. In 2001, the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) gave her the Dennis Potter Award for television writing. In 2008 <mask>e was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to Literature, Drama and to Charity. In the same year she received the TV Spielfilm Award at the International Film and Television Festival Conference in Cologne, Germany, for her television adaptation of her novel Above Suspicion. In 2009 <mask>e was inducted into the Crime Thriller Awards Hall of Fame and most recently, in 2013, <mask>e was awarded an Honorary Fellowship with the Forensic Science Society (FSSoc), the first non-scientist to be inducted into the professional body; receiving the award for the accuracy with which she portrays forensic science in her work. She has also been made an honorary member of the British Film Institute, and an Honorary Fellow from Liverpool John Moores University. Works

Dolly Rawlins/Widows
Widows (1983/2018)
Widows II (1985) / Widows' Revenge (2019)
She's Out (1995)
Buried (2020)
Judas Horse (2021)

Legacy
The Legacy (1987)
The Talisman (1987)

Jane Tennison
Prime Suspect (1991)
Prime Suspect 2 (1992)
Prime Suspect 3 (1993)
Tennison (2015) (basis of British TV series Prime Suspect 1973)
Hidden Killers (2016)
Good Friday (2017)
Murder Mile (2018)
The Dirty Dozen (2019)
Blunt Force (2020)
Unholy Murder (2021)

Lorraine Page
Cold Shoulder (1994)
Cold Blood (1996)
Cold Heart (1998)

Trial And Retribution
Trial and Retribution (1997)
Trial and Retribution II (1998)
Trial and Retribution III (1999)
Trial and Retribution IV (2000)
Trial and Retribution V (2002)
Trial and Retribution VI (2002)

Anna Travis
Above Suspicion (2004)
The Red Dahlia (2006)
Clean Cut (2007)
Deadly Intent (2008)
Silent Scream (2009)
Blind Fury (2010)
Bloodline (2011)
Backlash (2012)
 Wrongful Death (2013)

Novels
Bella Mafia (1991)
Civvies (1992)
Entwined (1992)
Framed (1992)
Seekers (1993)
Comics (1993)
The Governor (1995)
The Governor 2  (1996)
Sleeping Cruelty (2000)
Royal Flush (2002)
Twisted (2014)

Short stories
The Little One (2012)

Personal life
She was married to musician Richard La Plante for 17 years, until their divorce in 1996.At the age of 57 she adopted a baby son whose name is Lorcan. References

External links

<mask> <mask> at the MBC Encyclopedia of Television
 <mask> <mask> biography and credits at the BFI's Screenonline

La Plante Productions

1943 births
Living people
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Edgar Award winners
English crime fiction writers
English dramatists and playwrights
<mask> Marchal
Lynda Marchal
English television writers
English women dramatists and playwrights
English women novelists
Novelists from Liverpool
Women mystery writers
Women television writers

masks:
Lynda La Plante
Lynda Titchmarsh
Lynda La Plante
Lynda Titchmarsh
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plante
La Plant
Sarah Lawson
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
La Plant
Lynda
La Plante
Lynda
La Plante
Lynda


texts:
<mask><mask> (born March 22, 1939, Park City, Utah) is an American artist, sculptor, and inventor. He is primarily known for his epic monumental works and individual collector editions that often relate to the history of the American West. Fraughton's stylistic goals follow the American Neo-classic/Beaux-Arts, impressionistic realism traditions of J. Q. A. Ward, Henry Merwin Shrady, <mask>, Hermon Atkins MacNeil, Daniel Chester French, Augustus Saint Gaudens, Cyrus Dallin, Gutzon and Solon Borglum, and American animaliers Arthur Putnam, <mask>, Phimister Proctor. A literal sculptor with an academic background in design and human anatomy, Fraughton's versatility covers a broad spectrum of human and animal subjects. Education

Fraughton attended Marsac Elementary School and in 1957 graduated from Park City High School.Entering the University of Utah as a civil engineering student, Fraughton later changed his major to sculpture and graduated in 1962 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree. While there, he studied, served as a student teaching assistant, assisted in the gross anatomy lab and did his post graduate work under the legendary Dr. Avard T. Fairbanks and his son, <mask>. He also played baritone horn in the university marching and concert bands. Professional career

Following his formal education, which he largely financed by working night shifts at local steel fabrication plant, Fraughton struggled to make ends meet by working in sales, serving as a substitute high school teacher, driving truck as a delivery boy and laboring as a foundry worker in a local bronze casting facility. In 1966, he was hired by Thiokol Chemical Corporation to apply his artistic training at the newly opened Job Corps Center in Clearfield, Utah. Managed by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), Job Corps was an initiative launched by the Lyndon B<mask> administration to fight the "War on Poverty". After the first year of operations, on August 22, 1967, Fraughton received a letter from W. C. Hearnton, assistant director of avocational training, stating in part:

Resigning from the Job Corps in 1967 to launch his full-time career as a professional sculptor, Fraughton's first sculpture commission involved creating a series of historical portraits for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.In 1968 he was commissioned by the Sons of Utah Pioneers and Mormon Battalion associations to create a heroic monument commemorating the historic Mormon Battalion trek from Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, to San Diego during the 1846–1847 Mexican–American War. His heroic 12-foot monumental Mormon Battalion Soldier stands at the highest point in San Diego's Presidio Park. National recognition began to mount in 1973 when <mask> was awarded his first gold medal at the National Academy of Western Art for his sculpture entitled, Where Trails End. Awards from the National Sculpture Society, National Academy of Design and other prestigious art organizations soon followed. In 1980, <mask> was selected to create the inaugural medal for President Ronald Reagan. During his eight years in office, a copy of Where Trails End was exhibited in President Reagan's private office in the White House. The same piece is now on permanent display at the Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, California.Recent sculpture projects

One of <mask>'s most recent works involves a ten-year collaborative effort with fellow sculptors, Kent Ullberg and Blair Buswell. Commissioned by the First National Bank of Omaha, the heroic bronze installation titled, Nebraska Wilderness and Pioneer Courage, depicts a historic pioneer wagon train moving west through Nebraska's wilderness during the mid-19th century. Encountering a herd of wild American bison, the animals quickly turn and run through the city streets toward the bank's new 40-story office building. As the buffalo approach an elevated pond and fountain facing the building's front entrance, a flock of Canada geese explode from the water, fly around the surrounding air space and through the windows of a glassed-in atrium housing the building's historic facade. The geese slowly morph from traditional bronze into modern polished stainless steel as they enter the building. The artistic effect and integration of all elements create a unique and startling effect in the world of contemporary realist sculpture. This project is the largest single installation of monumental sculpture in North America, the linear space covering an area of approximately five city blocks.Another more recently completed monument depicts an ancient ancestral rock-climbing Puebloan Indian descending a sheer narrow column of sandstone with a basket of corn. Indicative of the ancient cliff-dweller culture of the American Southwest, the twenty-foot high monument graces the new visitor's center and museum entrance of Mesa Verde National Park near Cortez, Colorado. Inventor

Following a mid-air collision over the Salt Lake Valley in 1987 that destroyed two airplanes and claimed ten lives, <mask>, a pilot, invented and patented a new technology for tracking aircraft. This technology, now most popularly known as ADS-B, uses GPS satellite tracking to find and report aircraft positions. <mask>'s U.S. patent, (number 5,153,836) and foreign patents were issued in 1992. Subsequently, he served on several committees associated with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), most notably the original ADS committee and Special Committee 186 of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics. ADS-B has recently been announced as the FAA's system of choice to upgrade and replace the outdated radar based air traffic control technology.In the field of sculpture, <mask> has developed an improved method for enlarging his sculpture into monumental scale. Using digital imaging and CNC cutting, his technique allows positive clay components to be produced to any scale with greater integrity, thus improving efficiency during the direct modeling stage. Public service

 Park City, Utah, Planning Commission, 1962–1963
 South Jordan Planning Commission, 1977–1985
 Jordan River Advisory Counsel, 1980
 National Sculpture Society Board of Directors, 2002
 White House Fellows Presidents Commission on White House Fellows, Rocky Mountain Region Panel 1981–1988
 Moscow Conference on Law and Bilateral Economic Development, 1991

Monuments

 Cliff-Climber monument representing the ancient Anasazi Indian culture, National Park Service, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado
 Pioneer Courage Monument, First National Bank of Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska
 <mask>, National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
 Finding the Way, Salt Lake City, Utah
 <mask>dell portrait, Boston, Massachusetts
 Gandy Dancer, Union Station Museum, Ogden, Utah
 Bitter Strength, Union Station Museum, Ogden, Utah
 The Iron Lady, portrait of Margaret Thatcher, International Gardens, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Clearing the Haul-way, Rock Springs, Wyoming
 The Cadet, Randolph-Macon Academy Front Royal, Virginia
 Monument to Education, Ricks College Rexburg, Idaho
 Spirit of Wyoming, State Capitol, Cheyenne, Wyoming
 Truman Angell, Architect, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Thomas E. Ricks, Ricks College Rexburg, Idaho
 Winter Quarters. Florence, Nebraska
 All is Well, Songbook/Eliza Snow, William Clayton, and Brigham Young monuments, Brigham Young Cemetery, Salt Lake City, Utah
 Mormon Battalion Monument, Presidio Park, San Diego, California

Awards
 2010 Henry Hering Memorial Medal, National Sculpture Society, Pioneer Courage Monument
 2010 Director's Award, Springville Spring Salon, Prairie Lullaby
 2010 Award Of Excellence, American Society of Landscape Architects, Pioneer Courage Monument
 2004 People's Choice Award, Prix de West, Home is Where the Heart Is
 1993 Gold Medal, National Academy of Western Art, The Candidate
 1992 Silver Medal, National Academy of Western Art, The Taste of Honey
 1987 Gold Medal, National Academy of Western Art, ...One Nation...
 1985 Greenwich Workshop Award, Museum of the Rockies
 1984 Experience the West Award, Museum of the Rockies
 1983 Honors in the Arts Award, Salt Lake Area Chamber of Commerce
 1981 Tallix Foundry Prize, National Sculpture Society, Spirit of Man
 1981 Artist of the West, San Dimas Festival of Western Arts. Retrieved April 6, 2009. Sculptors from Utah
Artists of the American West
Living people
University of Utah alumni
1939 births
People from Park City, Utah

masks:
Edward J
. Fraughton
James Earle Fraser
Edward Kemeys
Justin
. Johnson
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
Fraughton
John Wayne
Jason Ren


texts:
<mask> (February 24, 1752 – 1808) was a scout, frontiersman and Indian fighter. Raised in what is now the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia, his exploits once hailed as similar to those of Daniel Boone. Early and family life

Possibly born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania in 1752, or on the South Branch of the Potomac River where his parents had moved before 1770, <mask> was the son of Mary Bonnet (1735-1805; daughter of Jean Jacques Bonnet, Flemish Huguenot) and <mask> (1733–1786; indentured servant emigrant from Germany's Palatine region or Friedrichstal, Baden, Germany). The <mask> and Bonnet families moved to the Wheeling Creek area in what is now the northern panhandle of West Virginia by 1770, as had the Zane, McColloch, Eberly, Rosencranz and other pioneer families. Such settlement had been illegal according to a treaty made by the British ending the French and Indian War, but the disputed Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) (made with the Iroquois, traditional enemies of the Shawnee and other tribes of the areas being ceded) led many pioneers to again try westward settlement. The <mask> family settled in a fairly isolated location near the Ohio River about 14 miles from Fort Henry (which had been built at the confluence of Wheeling Creek to protect settlers from Indian raids). Despite the hardships of frontier living, several Wetzel children survived to adulthood: Martin (1757–1829), Jacob (1765–1827), John and George (d. 1786), as well as daughters <mask> (1767–1828) and <mask> (1759–1786).As discussed below, the Wetzels suffered many raids by Native Americans. Raids became particularly severe following the murder of Chief Logan's family near Fort Henry in 1774 (which led to Lord Dunmore's War). The execution of Chief Cornstalk in 1777 at Fort Randolph (at the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, modern Point Pleasant, West Virginia) also led to attacks at Fort Henry. The elder <mask>, his son George and daughter Christina all died in raids in 1786, before <mask> reached age 25, and led to his Indian-fighting career. <mask>'s older brother, Martin (1757–1829), a friend of Daniel Boone and Simon Kenton, helped his father fight Native Americans in the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774, and defended Fort Henry in 1777 and 1782, although one of his favorite frontier weapons was a tomahawk. His younger brother <mask>el), helped construct a wagon road into central Indiana after fighting Indian wars in western Pennsylvania and the Northwest Territory with Kenton and under Generals Arthur St. Clair and William Henry Harrison. Indian fighter
In 1778, <mask>, then 13, and his brother Jacob, 11, were tending the family's corn field during a raid by Wyandot Native Americans, and taken prisoner but managed to escape two days later.A bullet grazed <mask>'s breastbone before his capture, but his captors were able to staunch the bleeding and lead the boys away. The boys managed to return to Fort Henry (modern Wheeling, West Virginia), which the Wetzel men also helped defend in September 1782. <mask> grew to some six feet tall, and became striking and very athletic, but some considered him socially inept, in part because he never cut his hair, which grew extremely long and was held in a ponytail as often also done by Native Americans. He rationalizing it as expecting he would be scalped as he had scalped many. His varied skills in what is now known as guerrilla warfare became famous. In 1781, Col. Daniel Brodhead reached the main Turtle clan village of Gekelmukpechunk, now known as Newcomerstown, Ohio. He requested a peaceful discussion between the main chiefs of the village and three were sent to meet him.He hoped to secure the villagers' allegiance and enlist new warriors into his campaign. However, <mask>’s younger brother Martin attacked one of the peaceful chiefs with a tomahawk from behind, killing him just as they had crossed the river. Fearing massive losses and an unplanned battle, Brodhead retreated and instead refocused his troops on their initial goal of reaching Coshocton. In June 1786, four of the Wetzel men were returning by canoe from a hunting trip when they were attacked by tribesmen. Although <mask> managed to canoe beyond musket range (and was not wounded), his father John and brother George died before reaching Baker's Station, though his brother Martin survived his wound. At some point, the young man vowed to avenge his family. Wetzel later participated in several military campaigns against Native American tribes in the Ohio region, and claimed to have taken 27 or 37 Native American scalps.He preferred to operate alone; military procedure did not suit him even while serving with the militia. He became renowned for an ability to load his rifle while sprinting (perhaps by using smaller shot than other frontiersman as well as for always holding a few bullets in his mouth), and which probably saved his life several times during raids although lead poisoning would have ongoing mental and physical effects. <mask> was implicated in the deaths of several friendly Native Americans, and he may have knived others to death as they slept. The most famous incident turning public opinion against him involved the Seneca Chief Tegunteh (whom American soldiers called "George Washington" for his upright character), who had traveled to Fort Harmar, near present-day Marietta, Ohio in 1788. Wetzel ambushed, shot and scalped Tegunteh on an isolated path; the dying chief survived long enough to identify his attacker. Wetzel readily admitted the deed on November 6 to Colonel Josiah Harmar, bragging “I´ll shoot ‘em down like the worthless dogs they are long as I live,” but escaped by sprinting away through the woods, and when recaptured two weeks later, clubbed his jailer with his chains and escaped again before trial; when captured in mid-December near Maysville, Kentucky and taken to Fort Washington (now Cincinnati), a 200-man mob led by Kenton threatened the peace and Harmar released <mask>. The future President James Madison's brother John Madison died in an attack near the Kanawha River while on a seven-month expedition with <mask> as his scout, and the same account claims <mask> and Clark asked <mask> to join their expedition (although mentioned in neither their letters or diaries).Either following a suspended death sentence for killing a Native American in 1791 or as many Native Americans left the Ohio Valley following the 1795 Treaty of Greenville, <mask> relocated to the Louisiana Territory and eventually to New Orleans, where he spent several years in prison for counterfeiting. Death and legacy

Accounts about his final years vary. He had no known children, although several of his siblings had children, and some were named in his honor. Most likely <mask> died in 1808 in Natchez, Mississippi, at the residence of his cousin Philip Sykes, since a skeleton matching <mask>'s description including the long hair was exhumed along with a rifle and other equipment at Sykes' former farm. The remains were reinterred in the McCreary Cemetery in Marshall County, West Virginia. Some believe <mask> married a Spanish woman, settled along the Brazos River and died in 1839. Another <mask> (1825–1862) of Point Pleasant, West Virginia (judge and newspaper editor) was one of the founders of the state of West Virginia, but murdered by another pro-Union founder, John Hall.<mask>'s direct descendant, <mask> <mask> (his middle name reflecting this scout), of Clarksburg, West Virginia, was a veteran of the Korean and Vietnam wars, and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and Corps commander during the Cold War. Among places in West Virginia, Wetzel County, West Virginia, is named for him or his family, as is the <mask>zel Wildlife Management Area. West Virginia has erected historical markers commemorating the <mask> family near Limestone in Marshall County and specifically mentions <mask> on the markers for Fort Beeler and Terra Alta in Preston County. An Ohio historical marker notes <mask>'s involvement in the Broadhead Massacre of peaceful Indians at the Moravian mission. The Western novelist Zane Grey wrote about <mask> in his books Betty Zane, The Spirit of the Border, and The Last Trail. More recently, Allan W. Eckert recounts <mask>'s exploits in That Dark and Bloody River. References

External links
List of books and articles about <mask>, from the West Virginia Division of Culture and History
"Wetzel: The Scout and Indian Fighter, Being the Life and Adventure" by Robert Cornelius V. Meyers (1890)
"Warfare Tactics on the Frontier"  by George Carroll
<mask>: Separating the Man from the Myth by Joe Roxby (1998)
Wetzel's Rock in Morgan County, Ohio by Rick Shriver

1763 births
1808 deaths
West Virginia pioneers
American people of German descent
People of Virginia in the American Revolution
West Virginia colonial people
Wetzel County, West Virginia
People of pre-statehood West Virginia

masks:
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis
John Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Susannah Wetzel Goodrich
Christina Wetzel Wolfe
John Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Jacob Wetzelhetz
Lewis
Lewis
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Martin Wetzel
Robert Lewis
Wetzel
Lewis Wet
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Wetzel
Lewis Wetzel


texts:
<mask> is an American serial entrepreneur. Several of his consumer-focused companies have pioneered or significantly expanded billion dollar markets, including:
 the Ontario Motor Speedway in Los Angeles, the largest sporting facility ever constructed at one time;
 California Business, the first weekly regional business tabloid;
 Data Broadcasting, which invented the $100 billion wireless data industry with “push” or multicast, real time wireless data services; and
 Interactive Network, the first company to use a synchronized second-screen to enable television viewers to interact in real time with live sports and game shows, television commercials in real time utilizing wireless technology. WinView, Inc., The only platform for two-screen games of skill in the U.S. with 76 foundational patents protecting multiple business segments including live and mobile sports betting in the US. Biography
<mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana on March 28, 1937 to Richard Curtis and <mask>. His father was also a serial entrepreneur. Lockton attended Broad Ripple High School, The Lawrenceville School, and Yale University. <mask>, a two time Interscholastic All American swimmer, learned the butterfly from one of the stroke's developers and demonstrated it in exhibitions two years before it became legal.Leveraging his head start, as a relay swimmer on dominant and undefeated swimming teams; he swam the butterfly on teams which held state, National Junior, Freshman, and American records. After graduating from Yale in 1959, he attained his J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School in 1962. Two years out of law school, working for Ice Miller, a large law firm in Indianapolis, Indiana, he represented an indigent defendant in a federal criminal narcotic case (United States v Ewell) The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law and won a series of motions which were ultimately appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Not realizing <mask> did not meet the length of practice requirements, Justice Hugo Black appointed <mask> to represent the defendant In Forma Pauperis, making him the youngest lawyer ever so appointed to argue before the U.S. Supreme Court. Sports Headliners, Inc. In 1965, <mask> started his own law firm and six months later formed Sports Headliners, Inc. in partnership with Chuck Barnes, former Director of Public Relations for Firestone.Sports Headliners became the second sports management firm in the country after Mark McCormack, (www.imgworld.com), with the big three golfers, Arnold Palmer, Gary Player and Jack Nicklaus as clients. Sports Headliners initially represented race drivers including the winners of twenty Indy  races and six Formula One world championships. Clients included A. J. Foyt, Parnelli Jones, Mario Andretti, Al and Bobby Unser, Johnny Rutherford, Jimmy Clark and Graham Hill. Sports Headliners expanded its focus in 1968 to represent football champions, O. J. Simpson, Calvin Hill, Johnny Unitas and motorcycle daredevil, Evel Knievel. Ontario Motor Speedway
Lockton leveraged his position as the drivers representative on the Board of United States Auto Club (USAC), then the largest automobile sanctioning body in the United States, to develop in the Los Angeles area the first modern multi track super speedway. In 1967 on behalf of a small group of private equity investors which included Donaldson, Lufkin and Jenrette; <mask> optioned 14 parcels of land constituting  in Ontario, California. In 1968, he raised $25 million in tax-free municipal bonds and $5 million in equity.As President and CEO he oversaw the construction of the Ontario Motor Speedway (OMS), the marketing campaign and launched the first year of racing. OMS opened on Labor Day 1970 with the Inaugural California 500 Mile Race, an Indianapolis 500-type open wheel oval track race. Ontario was the first and only automobile racing facility designed to accommodate major races sanctioned by all of the four dominant and independent racing sanctioning bodies:  USAC, for an Indy 500 open wheel oval car race (The California 500); NASCAR (National Association of Stock Car Auto Racing), for a stock car  oval race, (The Miller 500); National Hot Rod Association (NHRA), for a drag race, (The Super Nationals); and a FIA (Federation Internationale de l'Automobile) Formula One race, (The Questor Grand Prix). Each of these races drew attendance second only to their counterparts, the Indianapolis 500, the Daytona 500, the NHRA Indy Nationals and the Watkins Glen Formula One race. It is estimated that the  facility with 155,000 permanent seats and an air-conditioned private stadium club would have a replacement cost today of over $500 million. It remains the largest stadium built and one time. The 155,000 permanent seats were sold out almost 90 days before the Inaugural California 500.The race drew 178,000 in paid attendance, second only to the Indianapolis 500 and until 2004, was the largest crowd ever to attend a single day sporting event. In addition to the award-winning marketing and PR campaign, <mask> introduced many innovations to the sport of automobile racing, including a private stadium club with annual subscription members, corporate suites, crash absorbent retaining walls and safety fences, the first Pro-Am celebrity race, and a computerized, wireless real-time timing and scoring system. In 1971, <mask> sold his interest in OMS and was honored by the Society of Automotive Engineers for his contributions to safety in Automobile Racing. He was also voted by the American Auto Racing Writers and Broadcasters Association as one of three individuals who had most contributed to the advancement of the sport. International Race of Champions
Upon leaving the Ontario Motor Speedway, <mask> created and developed the format for International Race of Champions (IROC), airing on ABC from 1973 to 2006, and the longest running made for television series that aired on ABC from 1973 to 2006. IROC was an auto racing competition. Series Champion drivers from the Indianapolis, NASCAR, F1, and road racing series were invited to race identically-prepared cars set up by a single team of mechanics in an effort to make the race purely a test of driver ability.California Business
In 1972 <mask> purchased California Business, a controlled circulation tabloid format business publication based in Los Angeles and converted it to a paid weekly. Using direct mail to acquire paid subscribers, he increased advertising revenues and brought the publication to break-even in two years. California Business was the first regional business weekly in the country. Regional business publications subsequently became a multibillion-dollar publishing segment. The publication pioneered the concept of “Annual Reports,” “Corporate Update” and “Corporate Listing” sections, in which companies paid to distribute their annual reports, ran “advertorials” and brief corporate descriptions. These features have subsequently been used by many business publications including Fortune, Barron's, and Forbes. California Business won a Gerald Loeb Award in 1972.Data Broadcasting (formerly Dataspeed, now IDC)
In 1981 <mask> moved from Los Angeles to Silicon Valley to apply his experience at California Business with subscription based financial information and at the Ontario Motor Speedway with the wireless technology behind the real-time timing and scoring system, to stock market trading information. He purchased a controlling interest in Data Broadcasting (originally Dataspeed, a company that had developed a pc version of the Ontario wireless real time scoring system) where he invented the hand held wireless QuoTrek, the first product to utilize “push” technology  and wireless data, to deliver real time stock and commodity trading information to paying subscribers in a mobile environment. He successfully petitioned United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to deregulate and permit the use of the analog sub-carrier (FCC Docket 82-536) for the real time broadcast of digital data. He successfully negotiated with the Boards of Governors of the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ, and Amex exchanges as well as the Chicago Board of Trade and Commodities Exchange Center to create a low cost “non professional” fee structure for their real time trading information, thereby pioneering a consumer market for real time stock and futures trading. The first nationwide real time wireless data network he created supported the QuoTrek and Signal services which won numerous awards. With the QuoTrek's companion invention, Signal, a wireless modem linked to a PC and Lotus 1-2-3 software to manage multiple investment accounts, the services generated over $1.3 billion in revenues over their product lives. George Guilder credited the QuoTrek in Life After Television (Norton 1992, pp 66–67) as the invention which created the communications paradigm known as “push” or “always on” data.Guilder predicted a revolution in the way time sensitive data would be delivered which is now pervasive on the Web and Cellular 3G networks. In 1984 Lockton designed and developed the prototype of a multi-purpose hand held device, the Informa, with a backlit LCD screen and alpha/numeric keyboard, designed to use the nationwide real time wireless data network of FM radio stations Lockton had assembled. In addition to user specified stocks and commodities quotes, news, weather and sports information in real time, the user could send wireless email and messages via a built in phone modem instantly received by the addressee wherever they were. The Informa concept preceded the Web by nine years, real-time wireless messaging by several years and the data capabilities of the 2G cellular networks by 10 years. In 1985 Data Broadcasting was sold to Lotus Development Corporation which never introduced the Informa. Interactive Network, Inc. In 1987 Lockton founded Interactive Network (IN) based upon a patent received for the use of wireless push technology to control TV viewers in real-time games of skill based upon unfolding televised sports, game shows and entertainment programming.Interactive Network pioneered "two-screen television." Financed by NBC, Cablevision Systems, TCI, The Grenada Group (Great Britain), Le GroupeVideotron (Canada), United Artists, A.C. Nielsen, Gannett, Sprint and Motorola, Interactive Network developed a device similar to the Informa, the “Interactive Control Unit,” which won the International Design Award idesignawards.com for best consumer product in 1990. IN went public on the NASDAQ exchange in 1991. The Company operated a subscription based, two-screen “play-along’ or "In-Play" entertainment service, developing over 50 games of skill to play along with live TV sports, news, and entertainment programming for prizes. IN conducted four increasingly successful test markets from 1990 to 1995 in Sacramento, the San Francisco Bay Area, Chicago and Indianapolis. The Company pioneered many of the interactive television game formats now utilized worldwide in connection with live television programming. At the time, these were variously called, “Enhanced TV,” or “Play Along TV.”  IN established a Charter Interactive Advertising Consortium with P&G, Chrysler, Pepsi, American Airlines, and the Ad Council (the leader in public service announcements) to develop and test the first real time interactive and lead generating two-screen TV commercials.In addition to pioneering its entertainment service, the Company pioneered many technological firsts, including the first field-upgradable, RAM-based mobile device, the first to use the VBI (vertical blanking interval of an FM radio signal) of the NPR TV Network, to transmit digital data to wireless devices; and one of the first companies to have a consumer web site in 1996. In August 1994 on the eve of the national roll-out of the Interactive Network service, with a NASDAQ market capitalization of $250 million, IN suspended operations and the board of directors subsequently file litigation against lead investor, TCI for conspiring to wrongfully acquire title to IN's patents and intellectual property through a financing scheme. The litigation was settled in IN's favor in April 1998. The lawsuit against TCI was the subject of a front-page feature article in the February 26, 1996  Wall Street Journal. AirPlay, Inc. Upon the expiration in 2004 of the Lockton/Interactive Network patents, Lockton founded AirPlay, Inc., to apply the wireless "two-screen" technology developed at Data Broadcasting and Interactive Network to the cellular platform. From 2004 to 2009, AirPlay developed for the cellular platform many of the games pioneered at Interactive Network, playable with televised baseball, basketball and football games as well as game shows such as Jeopardy, Deal or No Deal and Big Brother.<mask> served on the board of directors and consulted part-time to the company concentrating on intellectual property and special projects, including negotiations with Sony (owner of Jeopardy). AirPlay was the first and only company to utilize the cellular networks to allow TV viewers to play along with television programming and win prizes in real-time games of skill on their cell phones. AirPlay established broadcast distribution agreements with all the major carriers. The Company launched Jeopardy with Sony Pictures Entertainment on 220 syndicated TV stations using patent pending technology to precisely synchronize the fast-paced game with the unfolding telecast for each separate syndicated station. In August 2009, after AirPlay failed to raise the marketing capital required to launch the service on a nationwide basis in the recession, all of the AirPlay intellectual property, including pending patents and software was acquired by WinView, Inc.

WinView, Inc.
WinView, Inc. is a Silicon Valley and New York based company that provides the nation's leading live In-Play sports prediction mobile platform. The platform is focused on paid entry, mobile two-screen synchronized televised sports games of skill in the U.S. The Company is leveraging its extensive experience in pioneering real-time interactive television games played on the mobile second screen, its foundational patents and unique business model.The WinView Games app is an end-to-end two-screen TV synchronization platform for both television programming and commercials. The paid entry, skill-based WinView Games app uniquely enhances TV viewing enjoyment and rewards sports fans with prizes as they answer in-game questions while competing with friends in real-time during live televised sports. These free games of skill are legal in all 50 states, and paid entry games are legal in 36 states. The Company launched its Alpha test in 2015, Beta test in 2016 and Paid Entry games in 2017. As of January 2020, the Company has raised $30 million to develop and market the only platform offering real time two-screen games of skill in the U.S. The Company's business segments are fully protected by 76 foundational patents granted to Lockton and assigned to WinView. For more information, please visit www.winviewgames.com.Arizona Colorado Land & Cattle Company (Amex:AZL)
Co-Founder, Director
1965 – 1975

AZL was the largest integrated cattle/feeding/land company in the US. Subsequently, acquired by a Canadian conglomerate. Purchased with four partners a bankrupt cattle company and grew to $120 million in sales and $8.5 million in after-tax profits in five years. It was sold to Tosco Corporation. Laister Sail Planes, Inc.
Chairman of the Board
1972 – 1975

Laister was a sailplane manufacturer using advanced techniques in epoxy-bonded metal wing construction invented by Jack Laister, whose gliders were widely used in World War II. Laister built the first and only US manufactured glider to ever win the North American Standard Class Soaring Championship. Rytex Corporation
Director
1967 – 1975

Lockton was a founding investor, director in the purchase of Rytex by Richard Morris, which became the largest thermal-engraved personal stationery company in the United States at the time.Patents
At Interactive Network, AirPlay and WinView, Lockton has been granted 76 patents. The 65 patents issued since 2011 are considered "Foundational" to both the technical requirements to synchronize the mobile second-screen with the TV picture to monetize the entertainment content and the commercials. The patents also cover the methods of monetizing games of skill and chance, based on televised sports, including a family of patents which cover separate contests with friends and games of skill for cash, including some major elements of Daily Fantasy Leagues. References

External links
 www.interactivedata.com

1937 births
Living people
Lawrenceville School alumni
Businesspeople from Indianapolis
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Yale University alumni

masks:
David Ballard Lockton
Lockton
Violet Ballard Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
Lockton
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Lockton
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was a Japanese tempera painter. He was convicted of mass poisoning and sentenced to death, though he is believed to have been falsely charged. Due to strong suspicions that he was innocent, no justice minister ever signed his death warrant. Teigin case

On January 26, 1948, a man calling himself an epidemiologist arrived in a branch of the Imperial Bank (Teikoku Ginkō, aka Teigin) at Shiinamachi, a suburb of Toshima, Tokyo, before closing time. He explained that he was a public health official sent by US occupation authorities who had orders to inoculate the staff against a sudden outbreak of dysentery. He gave all sixteen people present a pill and a few drops of liquid. Those present drank the liquid he gave, which was later thought to be "nitrile hydrocyanide" (青酸ニトリール), an assassination toxicant originally developed at the Noborito Laboratory.When all were incapacitated, the robber took some money lying on the desks, which amounted to 160,000 yen (about $2,000 US at the time), but left the majority behind, leaving his motive unknown. Ten of the victims died at the scene (one was a child of an employee) and two others died while hospitalized. Arrest and trial
<mask> was caught by the police due to the Japanese habit of exchanging business cards with personal details. There had been two other extremely similar cases of attempted and actual theft at banks via the use of poison in the weeks and months before the robbery. In all cases the poisoner, a lone male, left a business card. The poisoner used a card which was marked "Jirō Yamaguchi" in one of the two incidents, but it was later found that said Yamaguchi did not exist: the card was a fake. The poisoner also used a real card which was marked "Shigeru Matsui" (of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Department of Disease Prevention) in another of the two incidents.The original owner of the card was found to have an alibi. Matsui told the police that he had exchanged cards with 593 people, but of these, 100 were of the type used in the poisoning incidents, of which eight remained in his possession. Matsui recorded the time and place of the business card exchange on the back of cards he received so the police set out to trace the remaining 92 cards. 62 cards were retrieved and their receivers cleared; a further 22 were deemed to have been irrelevant to the case. One of the remaining 8 cards was received by Hirasawa. The police were led to arrest <mask> because:
He could not produce the card he had received from Matsui. <mask> claimed to have lost the business card, together with his wallet, due to his having been the victim of pickpocketing.A similar amount of money to that stolen from the bank was found in <mask>'s possession, the origin of which he refused to divulge. The origin of the money is unknown to this day (though some, such as the crime fiction novelist Seichō Matsumoto, suggested Hirasawa received it by drawing pornographic pictures, a side business that would have been detrimental to <mask>'s reputation as an artist). <mask>'s alibi of having been taking a stroll in the vicinity of the crime scene could be neither verified nor substantiated. <mask> was identified as the poisoner by several witnesses (but only by two survivors, and see picture below). He confessed to having been involved in four previous cases of bank fraud (recanted together with his subsequent confession). He was arrested on August 21, 1948. After police interrogation, which allegedly involved torture, <mask> confessed, but then recanted soon after.His later defence against his confession was based on partial insanity, alleging that he had been troubled with Korsakoff's syndrome (as a result of rabies inoculation) and so his confession was not reliable. The court, however, disagreed and <mask> was sentenced to death in 1950. Until 1949, a confession was solid evidence under the law, even if the police tortured a person to extract said confession. The Supreme Court of Japan upheld the death sentence in 1955. His attorneys tried to have the sentence revoked, submitting 18 pleas for retrial over the following years. Doubt over guilty verdict

He was sentenced to death, but there was originally no conclusive evidence. In addition, although 40 employees saw the crimes, there were only two people who identified him as the criminal.Seichō Matsumoto presumed that the true culprit was a former member of Unit 731 in his books A story of the Teikoku Bank Incident in 1959 and The Black Fog of Japan in 1960. Matsumoto also suspected that "the money of unknown origin" came from selling pornographic drawings. Kei Kumai protested <mask>'s conviction with his film Teigin jiken: Shikeishû (Teijin Incident: Condemned / The Long Death) in 1964. Successive Ministers of Justice in Japan did not sign his death warrant, so the death sentence was never carried out. Even Isaji Tanaka, who on 13 October 1967 announced in front of the press that he had signed the death warrants of 23 prisoners in one go, did not sign <mask>'s death warrant, stating that he doubted Hirasawa's guilt. The poison was regarded as the readily obtainable potassium cyanide in <mask>'s trial. One of the reasons given to doubt <mask>'s guilt is because the victims' symptoms were clearly different from potassium cyanide poisoning, which is rapid.Keio University's contemporary investigation claimed that the true poison may have been acetone cyanohydrin, a military poison deliberately designed to be slow-acting, which <mask> could not have obtained. Death in jail
<mask> remained in prison as a condemned criminal for the next 32 years. He spent his time painting and writing his autobiography . In 1981, Makoto Endo became the leader of <mask>'s lawyers. Besides the case, he took part in controversial trials such as that of Norio Nagayama. The defense claimed that statute of limitations for his death penalty ran out in 1985. The death penalty has a 30-year statute of limitations under the Criminal Code of Japan, and so Endo appealed for his release.However, the Japanese court refused this argument, pointing out that the statute only applies in the case if a death row inmate escapes from prison and evades capture for 30 years. Japanese courts judge that the punishment begins when the minister signs the death warrant, which had never been done. His health deteriorated in 1987. On April 30, 1987, Amnesty International petitioned the Japanese government to release him, but <mask> died of pneumonia in a prison hospital on May 10. Bids for a posthumous retrial
Even after <mask>'s death, his son by adoption, Takehiko <mask>, tried to clear his name. Takehiko was the son of one of Sadamichi's supporters; he became the painter's adopted son while in university to take up the task of getting a retrial for Sadamichi, as his relatives were reluctant to pursue the case due to social prejudice. Takehiko also worked to recover several of Sadamichi's lost paintings and held exhibitions of his work.He and his lawyers submitted a 19th plea for retrial; <mask>'s brain damage was also proved. , his lawyers had submitted new evidence to attempt to prove Hirasawa's innocence. In September 2013, Takehiko <mask> died alone at his home in Suginami Ward, Tokyo, aged 54; he had lived there with his natural mother until her death at age 83 the previous December. His body was only found on 16 October by several retrial supporters who had worried about not hearing from him in some time. According to supporters, the pressures and uncertainties  surrounding the reopening of the case, together with his mother's death, had caused Takehiko to periodically display signs of instability and doubts about whether he could continue. He continued to persist with his objective of getting a posthumous retrial, though, writing after his mother's death on a website about the "Teigin Incident":

It was her wish and mine and my late father’s to mark in history that <mask> <mask> is innocent. I will continue this struggle for years to come.At the time of Takehiko's death, he and his lawyers had assembled a team of psychologists to reexamine the witness accounts and investigation process from the trial, to determine if the evidence was credible by present standards. They had been scheduled to submit their position papers to the Tokyo High Court by the end of 2013, ahead of the court verdict on the retrial petition. On 4 December 2013, the Tokyo High Court announced it would drop the plea for a posthumous retrial for <mask> <mask> following his adopted son's death. As a result, the court effectively declared the case closed, unless other members of the <mask> family wish to pursue a retrial. In popular culture
A 2009 novel, Occupied City by English author David Peace, who was long a resident in Japan, is based on the Hirasawa case. The case is also referenced in Ian Fleming's 11th James Bond novel, You Only Live Twice (1964), though embellished and exaggerated. In 1964, Nikkatsu released Teigin jiken: Shikeishû (Teijin Incident: Condemned / The Long Death), a docudrama-style recounting of the case.Directed by Kei Kumai, the film provided actor Kinzô Shin with a rare starring role as Hirasawa. See also

Iwao Hakamada
Matsuo Fujimoto
Sakae Menda
Mitaka incident
Sayama Incident

References

Further reading
Seichō Matsumoto, A story of the Teikoku Bank Incident, 1959
Seichō Matsumoto, The Black Fog of Japan, 1960
J. H. H. Gaute and Robin Odell, The New Murderer's Who's Who, 1996, Harrap Books, London

External links

Noose or Pneumonia? Time February 15, 1963
<mask> <mask> Is Dead; Was on Death Row 32 Years New York Times May 11, 1987
19th bid to clear late murderer's name Sydney Morning Herald, July 12, 2003
Psychiatrist, 100, fights to clear late convict's name Japan Times May 10, 2006
Art of 'Teigin Incident' convict to be exhibited Japan Times November 23, 2006
Experts doubt Teigin Incident verdict Japan Times November 26, 2006
Art exhibition launched to clear <mask>'s name Japan Times April 4, 2007
Teigin Incident artist exhibition tour starts Japan Times May 19, 2007
 Teigin Case -  Homepage created by his supporters
 Teigin Case Timeline

1892 births
1987 deaths
Japanese prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by Japan
Japanese people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Japan
Japanese people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
Deaths from pneumonia in Japan
Mass poisoning
20th-century Japanese painters

masks: Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Hirasawa Sadamichi Hirasawa Hirasawa