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<mask>  (born 7 January 1967) is an Australian professional rugby league football coach who is the head coach of the Canberra Raiders in the NRL and a former rugby league footballer who played as a  in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He was also the head coach of the New South Wales State of Origin team, having replaced Craig Bellamy following a fifth consecutive failure in the 2010 series. <mask> had previously been coach of the Australian national side, and has coached National Rugby League clubs, the Sydney Roosters (taking them to three consecutive grand finals from 2002–2004), Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks and the Parramatta Eels. A former international representative rugby league and rugby union player – a dual-code international – <mask> also played State of Origin for New South Wales in the first Gould era. At club level, <mask> was the half-back of the "Green Machine", the Canberra Raiders team that won three premierships in 1989, 1990 and 1994 and were runners-up in 1991 who were coached by Tim Sheens. As a player <mask> was noted for his ability to throw long, spiralling passes to both the left and right sides of the field. Early life
<mask> was born in Queanbeyan, New South Wales, Australia.He had originally played rugby league as a child, but he took up rugby union while attending St Edmund's College. Rugby union career
<mask> was selected for the ACT Schoolboys in 1984. <mask>'s union career was with the Queanbeyan Whites before being selected for the Wallabies tour of Argentina in 1987. <mask> played three tour matches but no Test matches. <mask> played in both the Fly-half and Scrum-half positions. Rugby league career

Canberra

Stuart then switched codes to league and joined the Canberra Raiders team in 1988, winning the club's player of the year award that season. He was a key member of the club's most successful period in the late 1980s, and early 1990s, playing  inside a backline including legendary talents Laurie Daley, Mal Meninga and Gary Belcher.<mask> would go on to win three premierships with the Canberra Raiders. After the 1989 Grand Final victory, <mask> travelled to England with the Raiders for the 1989 World Club Challenge which was lost to Widnes. <mask> was named man-of-the-match in the second game of the 1990 State of Origin series. He won the Clive Churchill Medal in the Raiders' 1990 grand final victory. He debuted in the first test of the 1990 Kangaroo tour against Great Britain in London in October 1990, playing five-eighth outside Allan Langer. This appearance saw him become Australia's 38th dual code rugby international, following Michael O'Connor and preceding Scott Gourley. He replaced Langer at halfback in the next test.In 1992 and 1993 <mask> was again named the Raiders' player of the year and in 1993 <mask> won the Dally M Medal for the Winfield Cup's Player of the Year. He went on the 1994 Kangaroo Tour and his first test of the tour was the 2nd test. He was again preceded by Langer. Canterbury-Bankstown
Stuart retired from first grade after playing 243 games for the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs and Canberra Raiders in 1989 to 2000 after failing to recover from a recurring knee injury. Coaching career

Sydney Roosters

<mask> began his first grade coaching career in 2002 with the Sydney Roosters, taking over from Graham Murray and winning the premiership in his first year as coach. Having won the 2002 NRL Premiership, the Roosters travelled to England to play the 2003 World Club Challenge against Super League champions, St Helens R.F.C. <mask> coached Sydney to a 38-0 victory.That year he took the Roosters to the 2003 NRL grand final but they lost to the Penrith Panthers. The 2004 Stuart-coached Roosters side was also beaten in the Grand Final, but the team struggled in 2005 and 2006. <mask>'s contract was terminated and he left the Roosters two weeks before the end of the 2006 season. Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
In 2007 <mask> took over from <mask> as head coach of the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks with a two-year contract, which was then extended to the end of the 2011 playing season. Despite the Sharks making the preliminary finals in 2008, <mask>'s time with the club was marred by a horror year in 2009. Not only was the club in dire financial straits but the Cronulla Sharks club was also tarnished by media allegations about a 2002 group-sex incident involving former Sharks players, player Reni Maitua's dismissal after testing positive to drugs, removal of the captaincy from key player Paul Gallen, due to making racist remarks several unsavoury incidents involving now-disgraced CEO Tony Zappia (including his assault of a female staff member and involvement in an insurance-fraud fan donation scandal). On 19 July 2010 <mask> resigned as Cronulla-Sutherland coach six weeks before the end of the 2010 season.<mask> said that he decided to leave Cronulla after he felt that he no longer had the support of his players. <mask> went on to say "I just feel I can’t get that extra bit out of them at the moment, Talking to the players at halftime and after the game, I could probably sense with them that this was the only decision". <mask> leaving the club ended yet another tenure prematurely and at loggerheads with club executives, members and players, with Cronulla appointing Shane Flanagan as his replacement. Parramatta Eels
<mask> signed a lucrative three-year contract with the Parramatta Eels, beginning in 2013. This meant that <mask> had to stand down as the head coach of the New South Wales State of Origin team, as the state had put in a policy that the head coach would not have any relation to an NRL club. The Eels had in recent years been perennial underachievers, with <mask> set the unenviable task of resurrecting the team after the team finished last in 2012. However, in the round 4 match against the Roosters, <mask> suffered the worst defeat in his NRL coaching career, losing 50-0.In the aftermath of the game, <mask> said at the press conference "I can't say it won't happen again, it will and I hope to turn it around quickly but it won't, it is going to take a long time to turn it around, we have to keep building our roster because it is not up to the level of other rosters". In April 2013 <mask> was fined $10,000 for questioning a referee's impartiality following a loss to the Gold Coast. On 11 September 2013, <mask> announced that he was quitting the Parramatta Eels to join the Canberra Raiders as head coach on a three-year contract to continue his coaching career. Canberra Raiders
<mask> took up the head coach position of the Canberra Raiders on a three-year deal in 2014. Following Canberra's loss in round 10 of the 2014 NRL season, <mask> spoke to the media saying "When you get shit refereeing, sorry, when you get poor refereeing decisions that are just incorrect, purely incorrect, that frustrates you because it’s a tight competition and every game’s a tight game". <mask> was later fined $10,000 by the NRL for his post match comments. In 2016, <mask> coached Canberra to a second-placed finish at the end of the regular season.In week one of the finals, Canberra were upset in front of a sold-out home crowd losing to eventual premiers Cronulla 16-14. Canberra would defeat Penrith the following week to qualify for the club's first preliminary final in 19 years. Canberra went on to fall short of a grand final appearance losing to Melbourne 14-12. In July 2018 after a match against the Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks in which a refereeing mistake led to a try lost the raiders the game, <mask> demanded that the NRL overhaul the bunker system responsible to reviewing potential tries. In the 2019 NRL season, <mask> guided Canberra to a 4th-place finish at the end of the 2019 regular season. Canberra would then go on to defeat Melbourne and South Sydney to qualify for their first grand final in 25 years. In the 2019 NRL Grand Final against the Sydney Roosters, Canberra lost the match 14-8 in controversial circumstances.During the second half of the game and with only 10 minutes remaining, Canberra were initially given a new six tackle set after referee Ben Cummins had ruled that the Sydney Roosters had touched the ball. Canberra player Jack Wighton would then be tackled with the ball. Cummins later ruled that it was not a repeat set and it was a handover to the Sydney Roosters. In the following minutes, Roosters player James Tedesco would score the match winning try. In the post match press conference, <mask> told the media "You all saw it. None of us here will be commenting on that tonight. It's not the time to talk about it".In the 2020 NRL season, <mask> guided Canberra to a fifth placed finish on the table as they qualified for the finals. Canberra would eventually reach the preliminary final before losing to Melbourne 30-10. In the post match press conference, <mask> walked out after answering only one question. In round 8 of the 2021 NRL season, Canberra were defeated by South Sydney 34-20 which included two tries that were disallowed against Canberra. In the post match press conference <mask> said "I'll look like a whinger, which I don't really give a shit about being labelled a whinger, but when you get a game out there where it's 8-1 in penalties, I just think it needs a discussion". Canberra would finish the 2021 NRL season in a disappointing 10th place on the table after the club were tipped to reach the finals and once again challenge for the premiership. Representative Coaching

State of Origin
In 2005, <mask> was appointed coach of the New South Wales.Although <mask> only coached the NSW side for just one series, the Blues managed to win the series 2-1 after losing the first match in golden point. On 17 November 2010, <mask> was appointed as the state's first full-time coach of the New South Wales State of Origin team for two years. <mask>'s victory in 2005 was the last time NSW won an origin series until the Laurie Daley coached Blues won in 2014. <mask> coached the Blues for the 2011 series, which was lost to the Maroons by two games to one. <mask> continued in the NSW head coaching role for the 2012 series, which was once again lost by two games to one. For the second consecutive year however, New South Wales won Game II in Sydney. Shortly after signing on as Parramatta Eels coach for the 2013 season onwards, <mask> resigned from his role as NSW coach.Australia
In December 2005, <mask> was appointed as coach of Australian national rugby league team, replacing Wayne Bennett after Australia's loss in the 2005 Tri-Nations Final to New Zealand by a scoreline of 24-0. This meant that <mask> had to stand down as coach of the New South Wales State of Origin team. <mask> enjoyed success with the Kangaroos: winning the Anzac Tests of 2006 and 2007, as well as the 2006 Tri-Nations. In addition, at the end of the 2007 season, the team won a one-off Test against New Zealand. 2008 World Cup controversy
<mask>'s Australian team lost the 2008 Rugby League World Cup Final to New Zealand, 34–20. Afterwards he was reported to be so incensed by the defeat that he verbally attacked Geoff Carr, the Chief Executive of Australian Rugby League, claiming that tournament organizers and match officials conspired to cause the Australian loss. The next morning he had a chance meeting with Ashley Klein, who refereed the final, and <mask>, England's director of referees, at their hotel.He is reported to have verbally abused both officials in front of a number of witnesses, calling Klein a cheat, and of being physically and aggressively intimidating. Statistics

Personal life
<mask> is married to his wife Kaylie and they have three children - daughter Emma and two sons Jackson and Jed. <mask> was appointed a Member of the Order of Australia in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours, for "significant service to rugby league, and to the community". The Ricky Stuart Foundation
In 2011, inspired by his daughter being diagnosed with autism, <mask> and his wife founded the Ricky Stuart Foundation, a charity which aims to raise support for autism and to assist with the provision of carers and support for families. The Raiders replace their major jersey sponsor for one round each year with the foundation's logo to help raise further support. References

External links
Canberra Raiders profile
 <mask> Appointed Kangaroos Coach Australian Rugby League
 Sydney Roosters Profile Sydney Roosters Rugby League 2006
 National Rugby League Profile National Rugby League Home
 <mask> Rugby League Tables & Statistics
 State of Origin / New South Wales Players Rugby League Tables & Statistics
Wallabies profile

1967 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team coaches
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Australian rugby union players
Autism activists
Canberra Raiders captains
Canberra Raiders coaches
Canberra Raiders players
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs players
Clive Churchill Medal winners
Country New South Wales Origin rugby league team players
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks coaches
Dual-code rugby internationals
Members of the Order of Australia
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin coaches
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Parramatta Eels coaches
Rugby league players from Queanbeyan
Rugby league halfbacks
Sydney Roosters coaches

masks:
Ricky John Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart Raper
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart Cummings
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Ricky Stuart


type: original

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<mask> (born 15 February 1938) is a Chicago filmmaker, animator and designer. Janiak was born in Chicago, Illinois and attended Lane Technical College Prep High School where he collaborated with Wayne Boyer and Ronald Larson to create animated cartoon shorts. These high school films were recognized by the Chicago Tribune, Hollywood and the IIT Institute of Design. Janiak then attended the Institute of Design and learned under the influence of László Moholy-Nagy's principles of the "American Bauhaus". After school, Janiak began work in advertising, where he employed these principles of design, and the experimental practices he learned at Institute of Design in his industrial filmmaking. Janiak not only made advertising films, he also created documentaries, experimental films, animations, graphic design pieces, and worked as a professor at the Institute of Design from 1968 to 1980. Much of his work was inspired by his spiritual practices with the Vivekananda Vedanta Society in Chicago, which he was a member of beginning in 1965.Early years
<mask> was born on February 15, 1938 and grew up in both the southwest and northwest side of Chicago. When <mask> was six, his family moved to a northwest neighborhood of Chicago, close to the Indian Boundary Forest Preserve, the Che-Che-Pin-Qua Woods and the Des Plaines River. <mask> attended Lane Tech High School, where he would begin filmmaking. At Lane Tech High School, <mask> created cartoon animations with Wayne Boyer and Ronald Larson, which would catch the attention of the Chicago Tribune, and even Hollywood. The high school students found inspiration in nature, experimenting with stop motion photography in the nearby woods during their summers. They honed their camera skills, and then began the process of creating drawn animation. Their final project consisted of roughly 200,000 drawings.The students showed their animations at various theaters and galleries in the Chicago area; they were invited to Hollywood, where they met with Walt Disney; and Janiak received the Scholastic magazine tuition scholarship to attend the Institute of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology. At the Institute of Design, <mask> was taught printmaking by Misch Kohn, a world renowned artist whose etching and prints were displayed at the Art Institute of Chicago, as well as in Paris, Stockholm and London. While at I.D., Janiak worked for Richard Kliedon Animation studio. Career

Commercial and studio work
Janiak worked for Richard Kliedon Animation from 1957–1959. He then began work for Mort and Millie Goldsholl of Morton Goldsholl Associates based out of Northfield, Illinois. At Goldsholl Associates, Janiak was at home with other I.D. graduates who also learned from the design principles of Laszlo Moholy-Nagy.Their common backgrounds contributed to a highly experimental design studio unlike many others in Chicago at the time, where the use of montage, collage, and light experimentation was encouraged. The studio created advertisements for companies such as Kimberly-Clark. <mask> collaborated on the industrial film Faces and Fortunes made for Kimberly-Clark Corporation. The film was intended to clarify the importance of a corporate identity and the importance of good marketing. It discusses the history of corporate identity and branding, drawing upon the use of family crests in the medieval period. This film incorporated many different methods, such as drawn animation, direct animation, collage, and stop-motion animation of objects. Faces and Fortunes won more awards than any other film previously produced by Morton Goldsholl Associates.Army
In 1962 Janiak was drafted into the United States Army, and served until 1964. While in the army, he continued his work in film. He worked as the director of an educational television station of the U.S. Army Signal Corps Signal School and Communications Research Center at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. During his serving, he also created Adames Film (1963),  Glasshouse (1964), and Agamemnon in New York (1964). Glasshouse (1964)  is an experimental documentary of a terrarium, made by Janiak himself with color 16mm film. Agamemnon in New York (1964) produced with black and white 16mm film captures Janiak carrying out a conversation, but acting as both people, in a humorous portrait of work at Goldsholl Design & Film Associates. Teaching
In 1968 Janiak became a professor of design animation and experimental filmmaking at the Institute of Design, and helped to grow the school's animation department.The animation program did grow at I.D., and in 1978 there were 30 animation majors earning degrees. Peter Gorner interviewed <mask> for his article "Tempo A" in the Chicago Tribune, and discusses the tedious nature, and lengthy process that animation requires. One of <mask>'s students worked for four years on only a 30 minute long animation. Notable films
Disintegration Line #1  was made in 1960 using black and white 16mm film, and is a direct animation depicting lines and abstract shapes resembling the infinitesimal nuclei which move and flicker across the screen. The film is silent, but the movement of the shapes is meant to resemble Tanmatra, a moving field of aggregates of atoms and cosmic motion called the dance of Shiva. Adams Film (1963)  was a visual collage experiment that combines live action footage of a Chicago Earth Day parade and domestic scenes of the <mask> family with abstract images and textures drawn directly on 16mm film. The soundtrack consists of assorted tape loops.Life and Film (1965)  is an experimental film that functions as a "picture postcard", depicting the experience of young filmmakers walking along a path in the Michigan sand dunes. Disintegration Line #2  (1970) was created using 16mm film that was randomly animated to create sporadic movements of shapes and colors in subtle visual sequences in discernible steps of intensity. The film is set to Gamelan, music traditional to the Vivekananda Vedanta Society. Awards
<mask> received recognition for his work starting in high school, winning awards such ash Gold Key awards from the National Scholastic magazine High School Contest, and was granted the opportunity to meet Walt Disney. Recent exhibitions and screenings
2007

 VISION IN MOTION: FILMMAKING AT THE INSTITUTE OF DESIGN, 1944–70, Gene Siskel Film Center

2013

 AMIA Archival Screening Night, Byrd Theatre

2014

 City to See, Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago
 KINOSONIK #2, Black Cinema House

2015

 LIFE & FILM: LARRY JANIAK, Anthology Film Archives
 Wayne Boyer and <mask>k: Camera and Line, Gene Siskel Film Center

2017

 Art Basel Miami Screening: The Reflection in the Puddle is Mine, Art Basel Miami

2018

Personal Legacies: Materiality and Abstraction, Chicago Cultural Center

References

1938 births
Living people
Animators from Illinois
American designers
American filmmakers
Illinois Institute of Technology alumni
People from Chicago

masks:
Larry Janiak
Larry Janiak
Larry
Larry
Larry
Larry
Janiak
Larry Janiak
Janiak
Janiak
Larry Janiak
Larry Jania


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<mask> (born 4 June 1956) is an English professional darts player who plays in World Darts Federation (WDF) events. Nicknamed "Wolfie", he is a three-time BDO World Champion and three-time World Masters champion. He represents Cambridgeshire at county darts level and was the captain of England from 1993 to 2013, the longest any player has held that role. From his debut in 1994, <mask> made a record 25 consecutive World Championship appearances, before failing to qualify for the first time in 2019. <mask> was diagnosed with prostate cancer in April 2016, but by the end of the year he was given the all-clear. As well as playing, he also acts as a regular pundit and commentator for televised coverage of BDO events. Darts career
<mask> was born in Sutton, Surrey and started his darts career in pubs.He still plays pub darts, currently playing for Deeping Rugby Club in Market Deeping, Lincolnshire. After being made redundant by Lloyds Bank, he turned professional in 1992. Following the formation of the World Darts Council in 1993, all the players that left the British Darts Organisation were banned from playing county darts, leaving England searching for a new team and a new captain. <mask> took over the role in 1993 and remained captain until March 2013, becoming the longest reigning England captain ever. <mask> has won many BDO Open events and twice won the WDF World Cup singles, but often missed-out on winning the biggest tournaments. He was sometimes the victim of great comebacks and also great collapses himself when he found himself in winning positions. In particular, his 5–4 defeat to Chris Mason in the 1999 World Championship quarter-finals, having led 4–1 and seen nine match-darts pass him by in the match, is always mentioned among the greatest matches in the history of the event.He also lost in the deciding set at the semi-final stage in both 1995 and 2002. In the Grand Slam BDO events, other than the World Championship, <mask> was runner-up on three occasions. He was beaten 6–4 in the 2004 Bavaria World Darts Trophy final by Raymond van Barneveld and lost the 2006 Bavaria World Darts Trophy final to Phil Taylor 7–2. He also lost to 17-year-old Dutch youngster Michael van Gerwen 7–5 in the 2006 Winmau World Masters final, having led 5–2 and despite averaging 107 for the first nine darts of each leg. Having made his Lakeside debut in 1994 at the age of 37, <mask> failed to progress beyond the semi finals of the World Championship until 2005 when he reached the final at the 12th attempt. He beat Davy Richardson 3–2, John Henderson 3–2, Ted Hankey 5–3 and Simon Whitlock 5–0 before losing 6–2 against van Barneveld in the final. 2007
<mask> reached his second world final in 2007.He was number one seed for the second time in his career and put out Tony O'Shea, Co Stompé, Ted Hankey and Mervyn King in his run to the final where he faced qualifier Phil Nixon. The two oldest players in the tournament (they were both 50 years old) reached the final. <mask> stormed into a 6–0 lead, before Nixon produced an incredible comeback to level the match. Just when it looked like <mask> was heading for another dramatic defeat, having already missed four match darts, he went on to win all three legs in the final set to take the match 7–6 and finally claim the world title that he said he had been chasing for 14 years. 2008
In the draw for the 2008 BDO World Championships, <mask> was again paired with Nixon in the first round. In the match, <mask> beat Nixon 3–0. After the game, <mask> was clearly emotional in an interview following his victory, citing the memories of the 2007 final as the reason (the first time he had won comfortably).In the second round he came up against <mask>. It was easy pickings for <mask>, who cruised to a 4–0 victory with Phillips paying the price for many missed doubles. In the quarter-finals he played a fiercely fought match against Masters champion Robert Thornton, whom he led at one time 4–2. Thornton fought back to make it 4–4 but <mask> eventually took control of his visible nerves to win 5–4. <mask> went on to lose in the semi-finals to number-one seed Mark Webster, who eventually won the tournament. <mask> defeated Scott Waites in the World Masters final of 2008 to record his first Masters victory and his second major (after the 2007 Worlds), in another epic 7–6 encounter. 2009
At the 2009 World Championship, he reached the semifinal for the fifth successive year, where he was narrowly defeated by eventual champion Ted Hankey.Later that year, he won his second successive Masters title, once again by a 7–6 scoreline in the final, over Robbie Green after Green led by 6–3 and had a dart for the title. This win made <mask> the first man to retain the Masters title since Bob Anderson in 1988. <mask> joined Eric Bristow, Richie Burnett, Bob Anderson and John Walton as the fifth player to win them in the same season. 2010
In the 2010 World Championship he beat a visibly nervous Anthony Fleet in the first round without losing a leg, followed by further comfortable victories over Daryl Gurney and Garry Thompson. In the semi-final he let a 5–1 lead slip over Welshman <mask> before finally winning 6–4. He then defeated unseeded Dave Chisnall 7–5 in the final to win a second World Championship in a rematch of their first round match a year earlier. In February 2010 he won the Dutch Open title for the first time in his long career.The England captain triumphed 3–1 over international team-mate Scott Waites in the men's singles final in Veldhoven. <mask> won his third successive World Masters title in 2010 by defeating Stuart Kellett 7–3 in the final, becoming only the second player in history to win three consecutive World Masters titles, the other being Bob Anderson. 2011
<mask> reached his fourth World Championship final in the 2011 tournament, defeating Tony West, John Walton, Ross Smith and <mask> to get there. The match against Walton was especially memorable as it went to a sudden death leg, which <mask> won despite Walton having the advantage of throw. <mask> played Dean Winstanley in the final, the 3rd seed - marking the only time <mask> played a seed in either the 2010 or 2011 World Championship - and won 7–5 to become the first player since Raymond van Barneveld to successfully defend the BDO World Championship. Later in January, <mask> successfully defended his Dutch Open crown, once again defeating Winstanley in a close final (3–2 in sets). <mask> then reached the singles final at the WDF World Cup where he was defeated by Scott Waites, and also won the doubles event with Waites.At the 2011 World Masters, the three-time defending champion was beaten by eventual champion Waites 5–3 in the semi-finals. 2012
<mask> was the top seed at the 2012 World Championship. He beat Scott Mitchell and Gary Stone without dropping a set, but was defeated 5–2 in the quarter-final by former runner-up Tony O'Shea, who went on to reach the final. <mask> had a difficult season in 2012, losing in his first match at the Masters 3–1 to Rune David before being eliminated in the group stage of Zuiderduin Masters without winning either of his matches. 2013
At the 2013 World Championship, <mask> was beaten 3–2 by teenage débutante Jimmy Hendriks. During the season <mask> had been very much focused on his personal life. He lost weight and gave up smoking.<mask> eventually refound his form. 2014
At the 2014 World Championship, <mask> reached the quarter-finals with comfortable wins over David Cameron, Tony O'Shea (in which O'Shea failed to win a leg) and Ross Montgomery before losing 5–2 to Jan Dekker. <mask> got back to world number two and won a number of key tournaments. At the 2014 Winmau World Masters, <mask> narrowly missed out on reaching the final for the first time since 2010 as he let a 5–2 semi-final lead slip against Jamie Hughes, also missing 10 match darts in the ninth set. 2015
He opened his 2015 World Championship campaign with a 3–1 victory over Jan Dekker, setting up a tie against Jim Widmayer in the second round. He whitewashed Widmayer 4–0 to advance to the quarter-final stage, where he would face Ross Montgomery. He comfortably beat Montgomery 5–1 to go through to the semi-finals, to play Glen Durrant, who he edged out 6–5 to reach the final.<mask> had a near nine darter hitting the treble 20 7 times and hitting the treble 19 but missed the double 12, if he had hit it, he would have been the first person to hit a 9 darter at the BDO World Championship in 25 years since Paul Lim in 1990. In the final, he was narrowly defeated by Scott Mitchell 7–6 in a deciding set. In November 2015, <mask> made his first PDC tournament appearance since 2007, at the 2015 Grand Slam of Darts, where topped his group with three wins of out of three, with victories against Ian White and two former BDO World Champions in Jelle Klaasen and Steve Beaton. In the last 16, <mask> faced Kim Huybrechts where he narrowly lost 10-9. <mask> rallied from 6-3 and 9-7 deficits to force a decisive leg which Huybrechts won on a 13 darter. In his post-match interview, <mask> praised the crowds and said he would likely return to the tournament next year if invited. 2016
<mask> was the number two seed going into the 2016 World Championship, but was handed a tough first round draw against Canadian Jeff Smith, who had reached the semi finals the previous year.Ultimately, <mask> was whitewashed for the first time ever at Lakeside, suffering a 3 sets to nil defeat. He recovered from this setback by winning the Dutch Open just a few weeks later, beating Danny Noppert in the final. At the 2016 Grand Slam of Darts, <mask> was grouped with Michael van Gerwen, Brendan Dolan and Max Hopp. He lost all three matches and finished bottom of the group. To date, this marks his last appearance at a PDC televised tournament. 2017
<mask> was the 5th seed for the 2017 World Championship, and was drawn to face the winner of a preliminary round match, which Ryan Joyce won beating Dennis Nilsson. <mask> narrowly defeated Joyce 3 sets to 2 in a close encounter to set up a rematch against Jeff Smith, who had whitewashed him the previous year.<mask> was able to avenge his loss with a convincing 4-1 over the Canadian. He would eventually go out at the quarter-finals stage to 4th seed Jamie Hughes, in a thrilling 5-4 defeat. 2018
<mask> qualified for the 2018 World Championship, but was not seeded and thus was handed a difficult first round draw against the number two seed Mark McGeeney. Despite a gallant effort, <mask> would lose 3 sets to 2 in a close match. 2019
<mask> failed to qualify for the 2019 World Championship, making it the first that he would miss the event since making his debut in 1994. It ended a run of 25 consecutive appearances. He did, however, win his first ranking tournament for nearly three years by clinching the Italian Open.2020
In the 2020 World Championship, <mask> lost 3-2 in the first round to Scott Waites. 2022
<mask> reached the Final of 2022 World Seniors Darts Championship losing 5-1 to Robert Thornton  at the Circus Tavern. He will be participating in his 27th World Championship at the 2022 World Championship at the Lakeside where he will play Jarred Cole in the first round. Stance on the Professional Darts Corporation
<mask> played in three major PDC television events in 2000–2001, which were the 2000 World Matchplay (losing to Shayne Burgess in the first round), the 2001 World Matchplay (losing to Phil Taylor in the semi finals), and the 2001 World Grand Prix (losing to John Lowe in the quarter finals). <mask> also won a non-televised Players Championship tournament, the 1999 Scania Open, where he beat Phil Taylor in the final. When eligibility rules for entry into PDC television tournaments changed at the start of 2002, <mask> was unable to compete in them as he decided to remain a BDO player. After the 2001 World Matchplay, it would be over five years before <mask> faced Taylor in a match again, in the final of the 2006 World Darts Trophy (a BDO major), where <mask> lost 2-7 in the final of the Dutch competition which invited five PDC players that year.Since the 2001 World Grand Prix and the subsequent change in the eligibility rules for entry into PDC television tournaments from 2002 onwards, <mask> did not compete in a PDC event again until 14 years later. When the Grand Slam of Darts began in 2007, <mask> turned down the invitation to compete in the PDC event and continued to decline the offer to compete in subsequent years. The PDC's Board of Directors ruled that <mask> will no longer be eligible for invitations into the tournament in future. <mask> brushed off their decision, saying that it would simply save him the time in having to refuse them. Commentators at the 2009 Grand Slam confirmed that they had once again unsuccessfully invited him to that year's event. Rumours of a possible appearance at the 2011 Grand Slam began following an interview with BBC commentator David Croft just before the 2011 BDO World Championship. <mask> said that "he had held discussions with the BDO and certain political issues had been sorted regarding the other side of the game" when asked by Croft about whether in theory a match could take place with the winner of the respective PDC World Championship.Despite the rumour, <mask> never competed at the 2011 Grand Slam. However, <mask> was invited to the 2015 Grand Slam. In <mask>' debut at the Grand Slam, he went undefeated in the three group matches of the first round but lost 9-10 (best of 19) in his second round match with Kim Huybrechts.

masks:
Martin Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
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texts:
<mask> (, also spelled Sara Bavli) (October 18, 1900 – 1993) was a Dutch–Israeli nutritionist, educator, researcher, and author. Having immigrated from the Netherlands to British Mandatory Palestine in 1926, she became the chief dietitian for Hadassah hospitals and head of Hadassah's school lunch program. Her 1939 book Tzunatenu (Our Nutrition) was a standard elementary-school textbook for nearly 30 years. She founded and directed the Institute of Nutrition Education in 1952 and was founder and dean of the College of Nutrition and Home Economics in Jerusalem from 1953 to 1965. After her retirement, she continued to engage in research and conducted periodic nutrition surveys for the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Amsterdam to Nathan and <mask>. She was the youngest of five children in a religious Jewish family.She and her siblings all belonged to the Zionist youth movement, and all made aliyah to Palestine between 1919 and 1926. <mask> received her M.S. in chemistry at the University of Amsterdam in 1925. On the recommendation of a friend who had already made aliyah, she spent the following year acquiring specialized training in nutrition and economics in order to bring useful work skills to Palestine. Career
Her first position in Palestine was as a teacher of nutrition and chemistry at a WIZO school in Nahalal, where she taught young women in their twenties. In April 1927 she left the moshav for a position as dietitian at the Hadassah hospital in Tel Aviv. Shortly afterward, she was engaged as a teacher of nutrition and dietetics at the Hadassah Nursing School in Jerusalem, becoming the first educator in the country to teach these subjects.In 1928 she was offered the position of chief dietitian for all five Hadassah hospitals in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa, Safed, and Tiberias, including the set-up and managing of dietary departments at each location. Before assuming this post, she was sent abroad by the Hadassah directorship for a study year abroad. She interned briefly at the Montefiore Medical Center in New York and then enrolled at Columbia University Teachers College, where she completed her M.S. in one year. In addition, she gained practical experience in school lunch programs with a one-month stint at a diet clinic in Boston. Bavly returned to Palestine in August 1929. In addition to her new role as chief dietitian for Hadassah hospitals, she was asked to open a nutrition department at the recently constructed Nathan Straus Health Center in Jerusalem.However, the 1929 Palestine riots broke out at this time and she and other residents were forced to take shelter in the Straus Center for a week. In this and other emergency situations over the coming two decades, <mask>'s department supervised and provided food for immigrants and for paramilitary and military forces. In 1930 she was named director of the Hadassah school lunch program, which furnished 1,000 children in eight schools and 12 kindergartens with a daily meal. She also supervised nutrition education programs for the public. She and other Hadassah educators called for the creation of a "national diet" by combining locally available food sources with nutrition science. She encouraged immigrants to leave behind the eating habits of their native countries and add locally-grown foodstuffs to their diets, saying, "The new immigrant must not only learn, he must also forget". In 1939 she published the book Tzunatenu (Our Nutrition), which became a standard elementary school textbook for nearly 30 years.Raviv notes that the book had outdated itself by the 1960s since it promoted the foodstuffs used primarily by European immigrants to pre-state Israel, without mentioning the foods and spices used by Jews from Arab lands who immigrated en masse after the founding of the state. Foreseeing the need to develop formal training programs and courses for dietitians and nutritionists in the Hadassah system after the establishment of the State of Israel, Bavly asked for and received a scholarship to return to Columbia University in 1946. She earned her PhD in nutrition in August 1947. Her doctoral thesis, "Family Food Consumption in Palestine", was reprinted in 1972 by AMS Press. In 1950 she founded and served as director of the Institute of Nutrition Education, a research institute underwritten by Hadassah. Hadassah transferred the Institute to the State of Israel in 1952. In the 1950s the Ministry of Education and Culture took over the management of the Hadassah school lunch program and home economics courses, with <mask> serving as head of the Ministry's Nutrition Department.In 1953, under the Ministry's auspices, <mask> helped found the College of Nutrition and Home Economics in Jerusalem, a teacher training college for nutritionists who would work in hospitals, clinics, schools, and retirement homes. She became the college's full-time dean in 1960. In 1959 the college was noted for conducting a national survey on nutrition among immigrant families in conjunction with UNICEF and the World Health Organization. Under <mask>'s direction, senior students interviewed 800 immigrant families on the subject of dietary habits, illness, and infant mortality. The College operated independently until 1981. Bavly retired from the College of Nutrition and Home Economics in 1965. She continued to engage in research and conducted periodic nutrition surveys for the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics.She made pottery as a hobby and was recognized for her artistic talent by the Jerusalem House of Design. In 1984 the Jerusalem Municipality named her an honorary Citizen of Jerusalem. Other activities
Bavly served on several government commissions, including those concerning poverty and the teaching of home economics. She was a frequent speaker at international meetings and congresses. Personal life
Bavly married Dr. Yehuda Meir Bromberg (1902–1943), accountant-general of Hadassah, in April 1930. Bromberg later became assistant director-general of the Hadassah Medical Organization in Palestine. The couple had one son and one daughter.She died in 1993. Her papers are stored in File A520 at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem. Selected publications

Notes

References

Sources

External links
1981 oral history interview with Dr. <mask>ly Joods Historisch Museum
Letter from Dr. <mask> to Miss Florence Rose, December 1957

1900 births
1993 deaths
Women nutritionists
Israeli women academics
University of Amsterdam alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Scientists from Amsterdam
Jewish scientists
Jewish women scientists
Scientists from Jerusalem
Dutch emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Dietitians
Dutch Jews
Israeli Jews
Israeli ceramists
20th-century Israeli educators
20th-century women educators

masks:
Sarah Bavly
Sarah Bavly
Lina Leah Bavly
Sarah
Bavly
Bavly
Bavly
Bavly
Sarah Bav
Sarah Bavly


texts:
<mask> (born 7 September 1987) is a former English professional footballer who currently is a free agent. He made his league debut for Ipswich Town at the age of 19. He went on to play for both Brentford and Stevenage for short spells before signing for non-league side Dover Athletic with whom he remained for two seasons. Dover Athletic proved unable to offer <mask> his demands for full-time football however, and he moved to Conference side AFC Wimbledon. At the end of AFC Wimbledon's first season in League Two, <mask> was voted Player of the Year 2011–12 by "Dons" fans. His contract was not renewed at the end of the 2014–15 season, and he subsequently signed for League Two side Leyton Orient. Playing career

Early years
<mask> was born in Deal, Kent and was educated at nearby Dover College.He joined the Charlton Athletic Academy at the age of 8, before being sold to the Chelsea Academy at the age of 14 on 1 July 2002 for a fee of £35,200. He remained with Chelsea for two years before joining the academy of Championship side Ipswich Town on a free transfer on 1 July 2004. The young midfielder quickly integrated himself into the Ipswich Town under–18s squad, and would receive his biggest honour for the club by being a member of the team that won the 2004–05 FA Youth Cup by beating Southampton 3–2 on aggregate on 23 April 2005 in front of a crowd of 14,889 at Portman Road. He signed his first professional contract with Ipswich Town on 1 July 2006, which would keep him at the club for two seasons. The young midfielder made his Football League debut for the club in a 3–1 win over Sunderland on 23 September 2006 as an 89th minute substitute for Matt Richards, in what would prove to be his only senior appearance for "The Blues". On 25 July 2007, it was announced that <mask> would join League Two side Brentford on an initial one-month loan deal. On 11 August 2007, <mask> made his debut for Brentford in a 1–1 draw with Mansfield Town.On 15 August 2007, it was announced that Brentford manager Terry Butcher had extended <mask>'s loan spell with "The Bees" until 7 January 2008. <mask> scored his first Football League goal for Brentford on 22 September 2007 in a 2–0 win over Chester City. <mask> also scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory over Lincoln City on 27 October 2007. <mask> made his 20th and last appearance for "The Bees" on 5 January 2008 in a 1–0 win over Shrewsbury Town. After returning to Ipswich Town, <mask> was released by manager Jim Magilton on 24 January 2008 after being told that he had no future with the club. Stevenage Borough
On 28 January 2008, <mask> signed for Conference side Stevenage Borough on a non-contractual basis until the end of the 2007–08 season. The 20-year-old midfielder made his debut for "The Boro" on 2 February 2008 in a 4–0 defeat by Exeter City.<mask> scored his only goal for Stevenage in a 2–1 defeat by Northwich Victoria on 22 April 2008. <mask> made his final appearance for "The Boro" in a 2–1 win over Halifax Town on 26 April 2008. <mask> was not offered a new deal with Stevenage and was subsequently released by the club on 20 May 2008. Dover Athletic
On 5 June 2008, the 20-year-old midfielder signed a two-year contract with his local club, Dover Athletic, who had just won promotion to the Isthmian League Premier Division. He remained with the club for two years but following his demands for full-time football, which could not be met by Dover, <mask> left at the close of the 2009–10 season. AFC Wimbledon
On 16 July 2010, <mask> signed for Conference side AFC Wimbledon following strong performances as a trialist. On 21 August 2010, <mask> opened his scoring account for The Dons with a goal in a 3–0 victory over Tamworth.On 18 November 2010, <mask> scored a goal late in injury time against Ebbsfleet United to advance AFC Wimbledon to the second round of the 2010–11 FA Cup. On 5 May 2012, <mask> was named AFC Wimbledon Player of the Year for the 2011–12 season. He made his 100th league appearance for the club, with only 5 of them being from the substitutes bench, in a 2–0 win over York City at Bootham Crescent on 7 September 2013. Leyton Orient
On 9 June 2015, <mask> signed for League Two side Leyton Orient on a two-year contract. On 17 August 2016, <mask> signed for Dover Athletic on a six-month loan until 14 Jan 2017. Folkestone Invicta

On 5 October 2020 <mask> signed for Isthmian League side Folkestone Invicta after he retired from playing for 2 years. Managerial career
On 22 May 2017, <mask> was announced as first team manager of Isthmian Premier Division club Leatherhead, following the resignation of Jimmy Bullard.<mask> also signed for the club as a player. On 2 May 2018, <mask> was appointed as first-team manager of National League South side Concord Rangers on a two-year contract, following an impressive debut season at Leatherhead. Likewise with his spell at Leatherhead, <mask> will continue as a player/manager. In his debut season in the National League South, <mask> guided Concord to a 6th-place finish, but due to the club failing to meet ground size requirements, they were in turn, barred from the play-offs. Four days later, it was announced that <mask> had stepped down from his role due to "ongoing personal problems". In May 2019, <mask> was appointed manager of National League South club Hemel Hempstead Town. On 20 May 2020, <mask> and his coaching staff parted company with Hemel Hempstead Town following a year at the club.On 29 January 2022, he was named as manager of Isthmian League Premier Division side Potters Bar Town, with <mask> Hempstead Town F.C. managers

masks:
Samuel Leslie Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
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Mooremel


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<mask> (born January 30, 1973) is a contemporary Serbian horror author, literary critic, film critic, editor and a translator. He was the first in Serbia, and the Balkans, to write a doctoral dissertation on poetics of the horror genre. In Serbia, <mask> is considered a connoisseur of the horror genre, both in literature and film. <mask>'s research interests include English and American Literature, History of Literature, Literary Theory, Short Story, and especially the horror genre in Anglo-American literature and film. Biography

<mask> was born in Niš, on January 30, 1973, in Serbia, at the time a part of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. He got his B.A. in English Language and Literature at the Faculty of Philosophy, Niš, Serbia in 1996.At the same place he got his M.A. in American Literature by defending his M.A. Thesis  Gothic Motifs in the Works of Edgar Allan Poe in 2009. In 2012, <mask> earned a Ph.D. in Anglo-American Literature at the Faculty of Philology, Belgrade, Serbia with a Ph.D. thesis  titled Historical Poetics of Horror Genre in Anglo-American Literature. <mask> <mask> worked at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš, as a teaching assistant, at the Department of English studies, on the subject of American literature. He worked there for ten years, from 1999 to 2009. <mask> is an alumnus of the Junior Faculty Development Program (JFDP) through American Councils for International Education.Thanks to their grant, he spent two semesters (Fall 2003 – Spring 2004) as a visiting scholar at UC Berkeley, California, USA, at the courses relevant for American studies. After problems that <mask> had with his professor and mentor, he had to leave his job at the Faculty of Philosophy in Niš in 2009. Currently, <mask> is an independent scholar and editor at Orfelin Publishing (Novi Sad, Serbia) where he edits the series "Poetics of Horror", which includes translations of some works, extensive afterwords for each book, biographies and bibliographies of selected authors, etc. Writing

Fiction

<mask> considers writing horror fiction his primary vocation. In Serbia he has published two novels and about two dozens of stories. Naživo (In Vivo, 2003) is a brutal and dark tale about the resonances of the war violence from Bosnia and Kosovo in a „peaceful“ environment of sanctions-bound and depraved Interzone called Serbia. Politics, war, snuff, occult, underground cinema and pornography are merged in a gruesome tale of a young man's search for meaning in the middle of chaos.Ognjanović's second novel, Zavodnik (The Seducer, 2014) brings a change of pace: it is an atmospheric folk-horror Serbian rendition of Henry James's The Turn of the Screw, about a young teacher brought into a mostly deserted and dead village in the mountains to teach a couple of orphans under the care of their grandma. However, it seems that their much-maligned father is not quite dead... Both of these novels had two editions; Naživo is sold-out and out of print. <mask>'s short stories and novellas have been published in many Serbian magazines, journals and book anthologies. So far, none of Ognjanović's fiction has been published in English. Non-Fiction

<mask>'s essays in English were published in the books edited by Steven Schneider:100 European Horror Films (British Film Institute, London, 2007), on Déjà vu, 1987); 501 Movie Directors (Quintessence / Barron's, London / New York City, 2007), on Alejandro Jodorowsky, Goran Marković, James Whale, Jan Svankmajer, Kaneto Shindo, Kim Ki Duk and Sogo Ishii; 101 Horror Movies You Must See Before You Die (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Mask of the Demon, Suspiria, The Abominable Dr Phibes, The Beyond, The Devil Rides Out, The Exorcist, The Masque of the Red Death and The Wicker Man; 101 SF Movies You Must See Before You Die (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Blade Runner, Stalker, The Terminator and Robocop; 101 Gangster Movies You Must See Before You Die (Quintessence / ABC Books, London/Sydney, 2009) on Dillinger, and 101 War Movies You Must See Before You Die (Quintessence / ABC Books, 2009) on Tora! Tora!Tora! and Ballad of a Soldier. <mask>'s essay Genre Films in Recent Serbian Cinema was published in a bilingual collection Uvođenje mladosti / Youth Rising (Filmski Centar Srbije, Beograd, 2008); it is also available in the special edition of the web magazine KinoKultura br. 8 (in English). <mask>'s essays were also published in academic collections. His paper Why Is the Tension So High? The Monstrous Feminine in (Post)Modern Slasher Films is in Speaking Of Monsters: A Teratological Anthology (Caroline Joan S. Picart and John Edgar Browning, eds.), Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2012. <mask>'s essay Welcome to the Reality Studio: Serbian Hand-Held Horrors is in Digital Horror: Haunted Technologies, Network Panic and the Found Footage (Xavier Aldana Reyes, Linnie Blake, eds.) (IB Tauris, 2015). His first book in English is The Weird World of H.P. Lovecraft (Rue Morgue, 2017). Ognjanović writes book and film reviews and articles for Rue Morgue magazine since 2010. Ognjanović's interviews with the genre greats (i.e.Christopher Lee, Stuart Gordon, Jaume Balaguero, Sergio Stivaletti) were published in Horror Movie Heroes (Rue Morgue Library, Vol 2; 2014). He used to write book and film reviews and interviews on several, now mostly defunct websites in English, such as Kung Fu Cult Cinema, Twitch, Beyond Hollywood, Unearthed and Quiet Earth. In Serbian

In Serbia, <mask> has published five non-fiction books. Three studies:

 Faustovski ekran: đavo na filmu / Faustian Screen: Devil in Cinema (Zaječar: Svetozar Marković, 2006). U brdima, horori: srpski film strave / In the Hills, the Horrors: Serbian Horror Cinema (Niš: NKC, 2007). Poetika horora / Poetics of Horror (Novi Sad: Orfelin, 2014). He also published a collection of essays Studija strave / A Study in Terror (Pančevo: Mali Nemo, 2008), and a book-length interview-study devoted to Serbian film director and horror-film pioneer, Đorđe Kadijević, Više od istine: Kadijević o Kadijeviću / More Than Truth: Kadijević on Kadijević (Novi Sad: Orfelin, 2017).In Serbia, <mask> has published over a hundred film reviews, essays and interviews since 1996, in numerous daily papers, magazines and cinema journals. <mask>'s film critiques, essays and articles were, also, translated to Slovenian and published in their leading cinema magazine Ekran. Subversive Serbia

He was a co-programmer (with Mitch Davis) of the program Subversive Serbia at the Fantasia Film Festival (Montreal, Canada, 08–28. July 2010). He made a selection of seven Serbian genre films, four recent and three older, which he personally introduced, did the Q&A's with their authors and gave a lecture on Serbian horror films (with film clips). He also wrote about those films for the festival's program. During his stay he also gave several interviews in which he revealed the potentials and accomplishments of Serbian horrors, which was their most extensive and elaborate presentation anywhere outside of Serbia.He was a staunch defender of the controversial A Serbian Film (2010); he did the English subtitles for the film and wrote its first ever review in English, for The Quiet Earth website. Excerpts from his book devoted to Serbian horror cinema, In the Hills, the Horrors, were translated to Czech and published in the magazine for theory, history and aesthetics of cinema, Iluminace (3/2011) in November 2011. Festivals

Other than promoting his own books, <mask> has also held numerous public lectures and participated in panels, round tables, promotions, discussions and master classes with genre directors and actors in Serbia and elsewhere. He is a regular participant at the Grossmann Film and Wine Festival (Ljutomer, Slovenia) since 2007. Among many lectures and presentations, he also had master classes with such names as Brian Yuzna, Richard Stanley, Simon Boswell, Harry Kumel, Sergio Stivaletti and others. After Subversive Serbia at the Fantasia International Film Festival, he also presented Serbian horrors at the  SLASH FILM FESTIVAL in Vienna (September 2011), where he introduced the screening of Variola vera and participated in a round table about subversion in cinema. He also gave lectures at the KRATKOFIL film festival in Banjaluka, Republika Srpska, Bosnia in June 2009, and at FANTASTIC ZAGREB (6-10.July 2011 and 3. July 2012, Zagreb, Croatia) and at Refesticon (Bijelo Polje, Montenegro, June 2018). <mask> has also participated at numerous genre festivals, manifestations and events in Serbia (Belgrade, Subotica, Niš, Zaječar etc.). Editor

In Serbia, <mask> has edited H. P. Lovecraft's best stories in Serbian, titled Nekronomikon, Beograd: Everest Media, 2008; 2nd expanded edition 2012; the ultimate edition Orfelin, Novi Sad, 2018. He translated many of the tales and accompanied them with his introductions, a lengthy afterword, annotated bibliography, Lovecraft's biography, etc. <mask> had also co-edited (with Ivan Velisavljević) Novi kadrovi: skrajnute vrednosti srpskog filma / New Frames: Hidden Gems of Serbian Cinema (Beograd: Clio, 2008), offering fresh insights into neglected authors, tendencies and (sub)genres of Serbian cinema. He is editing a series of books called Poetics of Horror for a Serbian publisher, Orfelin publishing.It aims to represent the very best in horror fiction which hasn't yet been translated into Serbian. Between 2014 and 2018 he has selected, annotated, partially translated and wrote afterwords for:

 Algernon Blackwood's - The Willows,
 Howard Phillips Lovecraft's - The Whisperer in the Darkness,
 M. R. James's - Whistle and I'll Come to You,
 Robert Aickman's - Cold Hand in Mine,
 Shirley Jackson's - The Haunting of Hill House,
 Sheridan Le Fanu's - Carmilla and Other Tales of Terror,
 Arthur Machen's - The Great God Pan,
 Thomas Ligotti’s - Grimscribe: His Lives and Works,
 Algernon Blackwood's - Ancient Lights,
 William Hope Hodgson's - The Voice in the Night,
 Howard Phillips Lovecraft's - At the Mountains of Madness,
 Robert Aickman's - The Wine-Dark Sea and
 Roland Topor's - The Tenant. Translator

<mask> has published numerous translations from English, mostly of horror literature, including tales by H. P. Lovecraft, Algernon Blackwood, M. R. James, Arthur Machen and W. H. Hodgson, and a novel by Shirley Jackson. He is also working on translations from Serbian into English (screenplays, dialogue lists, synopses, director's statements, subtitles, etc.). <mask> has also translated Richard Corben’s albums Haunt of Horror: E. A. Poe and Haunt of Horror: H. P. Lovecraft (Darkwood, Belgrade, 2014). Comics essays

<mask> is also writing about comics. He regularly writes afterwords and essays for the publisher Veseli četvrtak, especially for their editions of Dylan Dog, Martin Mystere and Zagor.<mask> also wrote afterwords for Serbian editions of Alberto Breccia’s albums Myths of Cthulhu and Mort Cinder (Darkwood, Belgrade, 2018). Artwork

<mask> <mask> did the artwork for the short comic (16 pages) Transcendence, adapted by Edward Lee and John Pelan from their own same-titled story. Published by Necro Publications in 2003, this edition also contains the original story and a gallery of four horror artworks by <mask> unrelated to the comic. It was published in 52 hardcover signed copies and 1000 soft cover copies. <mask>'s two artworks were used as illustrations in the first issue of the US magazine Vastarien (2018). His artworks can also be seen on his blog The Cult of Ghoul. Blogging

<mask> writes on his Serbian blog The Cult of Ghoul (2009 – present) This blog mostly covers horror films, old and new, but also books, comics, events, etc.It has about 1000 daily visits, and had over 5,5 million visits since its inception in 2009. <mask> has also had a blog in English - The Temple of Ghoul (2010-2014), with a similar profile and slight bent towards Asian horror cinema. His most popular and widespread article was his (highly critical) review of Guillermo del Toro's script for At the Mountains of Madness. After four years he stopped writing for it due to lack of time. Awards

In Serbia, <mask> has been awarded several awards. He received an award for best literary criticism by the literary magazine Gradina (Niš) in 2004; an award for best literary essay by the literary magazine Ulaznica (Zrenjanin), 2005 and 2006, for best book-length theoretical work ('Svetozar Marković', Zaječar) in 2006. <mask> has also been a top contender (among top three) for the prestigious Nikola Milošević award, for non-fiction book in Serbian, for his Poetics of Horror in 2015.For his articles on Lovecraft and Frankenstein from Rue Morgue magazine he was nominated for the "Rondo Award", twice (2016 and 2017). Both times, <mask> has got an "honourable mention" (top five). References

1973 births
Serbian writers
Living people

masks:
Dejan Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Dejan Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Dejan
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
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Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Dejan
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović
Ognjanović


texts:
<mask> (10 December 1880 – 24 February 1951), also popularly known as Sir C. R<mask>, was an educationist and political thinker, essayist and economist, poet and literary critic. He was a prominent member of the Justice Party and an ardent champion of the non-Brahmin movement, joining the movement to unite the non-Brahmin communities. He wrote his works in Telugu and English; these reveal his deep love for Indian classics and his learning in these texts, as well as the modernity of his outlook. <mask> was the educationalist who played a major role in shaping the educational policy in India. He was also the recipient of a British Knighthood in honour of his service to the country. He was the founder of Andhra University and also served as its first Vice-Chancellor from 1926 to 1931 and in a further second term from 1936 to 1949. Early life

<mask> was born in Kattamanchi, a suburb of Chittoor city.He was the second son of Subrahmanya <mask>, who had built up a lucrative legal practice as a pleader in Chittoor and was known for his high sense of principles and right conduct. C. R<mask> was named after his grandfather, who was a poet. <mask> completed his high school education in PCR High School in Chittoor with distinction in 1896 and joined the prestigious Madras Christian College in 1897. At Madras Christian College, he was the senior of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, whom C. R<mask> shared a close friendship with. Rev Dr Miller was the principal of the college in which Dr Skinner was the professor of Philosophy and Professor Kellet took English classes. All of them were greatly impressed by <mask>'s performance as a student and noted the qualities of his sharp and incisive mind. Even while in college, he was noted for his Telugu scholarship.He got a prize for writing a story in Telugu verse, called 'Musalamma Maranamu'. It had some unique features and was viewed as an avant-garde effort in the field of Telugu poetry, quite different from the traditional prabhanda style. Career
In 1901, <mask> graduated with distinction in philosophy and history securing several University prizes. Soon thereafter, he won a Government of India scholarship to study at the University of Cambridge in England. He joined St. John's College at Cambridge in 1902. His career at St Johns College, Cambridge, was no less distinguished than it had been at Madras Christian College. Apart from being a brilliant student, he made his mark as an outstanding speaker and debater.He was elected Secretary of the Liberal Club and later Vice-President of the Union Society. He was the first Indian student to be chosen for that office in the Union Society. When he was the Vice-President of the Union Society, future economist John Maynard Keynes was the Secretary. On 31 October 1905, <mask> invited Gopal Krishna Gokhale to address the Union Society. When Gokhale met Keynes, he instantaneously recognised the genius of Keynes and commented, "You are eminently fitted to be a Finance Member in the Viceroy's Executive Council in India". Even as a student in Cambridge, <mask> campaigned on behalf of the Liberal Party in the 1906 general election which swept the Liberal Party into power that year. Many British politicians admired <mask>'s gifts of intellect and eloquence and predicted a great future for him.On his return to India in 1907, <mask> joined Baroda college at Baroda as vice-principal in the place vacated by Sri Aurobindo. He was a brilliant teacher and some of his students have left memorable records about his wit and wisdom. <mask>'s next appointment was at Maharaja's College, Mysore as professor of History in 1913. He was promoted as principal in 1916 and simultaneously appointed as Inspector General of Education in the Mysore State. It was during this period that <mask> with great foresight threw open all the schools to Panchama children much against the local orthodox opposition. This was long before the days of Mahatma Gandhi's programme of temple entry for Harijans. <mask> is a revered name in Karnataka even today for this epoch-making step of social reform.In 1921, he entered politics. He was elected to the Madras Legislative Council as an outstanding educationalist. For a short while he was in the Justice party. The Justice Party (India) found him far too brilliant and individualistic for keeping proper party control over him. In 1926 January, when it was decided to establish Andhra University at Waltaire, <mask> was the natural choice for appointment as its first Vice-Chancellor. He made Andhra University a great centre of higher education and outstanding research in both sciences and humanities. Towards the end of 1930, he did the extraordinary thing of resigning his Vice-Chancellorship in protest against the repressive policy of the Government of India in arresting the great leaders of Congress Salt Satyagraha movement.He wrote a classic letter in this context to the Governor of Madras. When he resigned his post as Vice-Chancellor, he was succeeded by Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. <mask> was back again in the field of politics. He became the president of Chittoor District Board. In 1936, at a Senate meeting of Andhra University, it was decided to invite <mask> to return again to Andhra University as its Vice-Chancellor. He returned to Waltaire later that year for the second time as Vice-Chancellor and retained the position till 1949. During this period, the Andhra University became internationally known.Dr S Bhagavantam, Dr T R Seshadri, Dr V K R V Rao and Dr V S Krishna, K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar and many other great professors made a beeline to Waltaire, inspired by the idealism and unique moral leadership of <mask>. <mask> was knighted by the British government in the 1942 New Year Honours. In 1949, <mask> became the Pro-chancellor of Mysore University. He died in Madras on 24 February 1951. Iyengar, in his book "Essays and Addresses", describes <mask> as a great educationist, a first-class teacher, humanist, a bold thinker and a reformer. <mask>'s lectures on 'University reforms' delivered in Madras under the presidency of Dr S. Subramania Iyer, S. Srinivasa Iyengar and T. V. Seshagiri Iyer had set the tone for university reforms in India. Following <mask>'s death, the Maharaja of Mysore Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar recalled, "[<mask>] served Mysore in various capacities every one of which was characterised by conspicuous ability, uncommon zeal and indefatigable energy."Works
 Arthashastra
 Vijnana Chandrika seris'
 Bilhaniyamu Musalamma Maranamu''

References

External links
 Official Website of Andhra University
 Official Website of SIR C R Reddy Engineering college
 C R <mask>'s stellar contributions hailed. 19th-century Indian educational theorists
Telugu people
Telugu poets
19th-century Indian philosophers
20th-century Hindu philosophers and theologians
Indian knights
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
1880 births
1951 deaths
Madras Christian College alumni
Maharaja's College, Mysore faculty
People from Chittoor district
20th-century Indian poets
Vice-Chancellors of the Andhra University
20th-century Indian philosophers
19th-century Indian poets
Poets from Andhra Pradesh
Indian male poets
19th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Scholars from Andhra Pradesh
Knights Bachelor
20th-century Indian male writers

masks:
Sir Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddy
. Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
. Reddy
Reddy
. Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
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Reddy
Reddy


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<mask> (born October 18, 1987) is an American mixed martial artist currently competing in the Light Heavyweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). A professional since 2015, he has formerly fought in Bellator and the Legacy Fighting Alliance. <mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. After his father passed away, his mother raised him and his brother until the age of 14 when the boys were put in foster care. Menifield bounced around between 12 different foster homes. <mask> attended Canyon High School for only two years, but graduated and excelled at football. <mask> continued his football career at NJCAA Glendale Community College (California), where he starred as primarily a linebacker and was an Honorable Mention All-American his sophomore year as well as a member of the track and field team.After his first two seasons at Glendale, Menifield earned a scholarship to Texas A&M University–Commerce where he graduated with a degree in Criminal Justice. <mask> later played football professionally in both the CFL and Arena Football League. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his MMA debut at heavyweight against Zach Rosol on November 20, 2015 at Bellator 146. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Menifield then moved to light heavyweight and won his next two fights via TKO and KO before fighting in Dana White's Contender Series. Dana White's Contender Series
<mask> faced UFC veteran Daniel Jolly on July 25, 2017 at Dana White's Contender Series 3. He won the fight via TKO at the end of round one due to an eye injury but failed to secure a contract with the UFC.<mask> was provided with a second chance against Dashawn Boatwright on June 16, 2018 at Dana White's Contender Series 9. He won via TKO with ground on pound strikes within the first 8 seconds of the first round and was awarded with a UFC contract. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut on January 19, 2019 against Vinicius Moreira at UFC Fight Night: Cejudo vs. Dillashaw. He won the fight via TKO with punches in round one. <mask> then faced Paul Craig on June 29, 2019 at UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. dos Santos. He won the fight via KO with punches in round one. <mask> then faced Devin Clark on June 6, 2020 at UFC 250.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Ovince Saint Preux on August 22, 2020 at UFC on ESPN 15. Just hours before the event was scheduled to begin, it was announced that the bout was canceled due to Saint Preux testing positive for COVID-19. The bout eventually took place on September 5, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 176. <mask> lost the fight via knockout in the second round. <mask> was expected to face William Knight on February 27, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 186. However, the bout was postponed during the week leading up to the event after <mask> testing positive for COVID-19.The pairing was expected to be left intact and rescheduled for UFC 260. This time Knight was removed due to COVID-19 protocols and was replaced by promotional newcomer Fabio Cherant. At the weight-ins, Cherant weighted 206.5 pounds, half a pound over the non-title light heavyweight limit. The bout proceeded at a catchweight and he was fined 20% of his individual purse, which went to his opponent <mask>. <mask> won the fight via Von Flue choke in round one. <mask> faced Ed Herman on August 7, 2021 at UFC 265. He won the fight via unanimous decision.<mask> was scheduled to face William Knight on February 27, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 186. However, the bout was postponed during the week leading up to the event after <mask> testing positive for COVID-19. The pairing was expected to be left intact and rescheduled for UFC 260. This time Knight was removed due to COVID-19 protocols. The pair was rescheduled to December 4, 2021 at UFC on ESPN 31. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. Personal life
<mask> is married and has two sons; <mask> Jr., and Xavier.

masks:
Alonzo Theodoro Menifield
Background Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
Menifield
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Alonzo


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<mask> (March 9, 1922 – April 28, 1991) was an American lawyer and civil rights activist. He became the first African-American student at the University of North Carolina School of Law. In 1966 he became leader of CORE, the Congress of Racial Equality, taking over from James Farmer. A supporter of Black Power, he turned CORE into a more radical movement. In 1968, <mask> left CORE to found Soul City in Warren County, North Carolina. He endorsed Richard Nixon for president that year, and the federal government, under President Nixon, supported Soul City. He became a state district court judge in 1990 and died on April 28, 1991.He was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. Politician and attorney <mask>, Jr., is his son. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> Sr. was born in Asheville, North Carolina, the son of Ernest Boyce and Magnolia <mask>. His participation with civil rights began with his NAACP membership at the age of 12. As a 13-year-old Boy Scout helping to direct traffic during a roller-skating tournament in his hometown, McKissick was pushed to the ground by a white police officer; this incident secured his involvement in civil rights. McKissick states, "I've been active in North Carolina politics I think since I was about sixteen or seventeen, in high school." One of his early protests was in his hometown, Asheville, NC, because the city refused to permit actor Paul Robeson to speak in the city auditorium in the 1930s.He graduated from high school in 1939, and in 1940 went to Atlanta to attend Morehouse College. After enrolling at Morehouse, <mask> joined the U.S. Army and during World War II he served in the European Theater as a sergeant. After the war, he returned to Morehouse College where he graduated in 1948. Early protest and political involvement
<mask> was involved with an early freedom ride that confronted racial segregation in interstate transportation in the 1947 Journey of Reconciliation. He was the president of the Atlanta University chapter of the Progressive Party during his time at Morehouse College, a participant in voter registration, and also a supporter of Henry Wallace's 1948 presidential campaign. In 1957, <mask> along with Nathan White Sr. headed The Durham Committee on Negro Affairs' Economic Committee, developed plans to boycott the Royal Ice Cream Parlor in Durham, NC. Under the leadership of McKissick, twenty high school NAACP members acted in regular pickets outside of the Royal Ice Cream Parlor.Admittance to UNC Law School
After graduating from Morehouse in 1948, McKissick decided to pursue a career in law. He returned to his native state North Carolina, and applied to the University of North Carolina (UNC) School of Law. He was subsequently denied admission because of his race. After his denial, he enrolled in North Carolina College (NCC) School of Law, now North Carolina Central University (NCCU), in Durham, North Carolina, which was the law school for blacks. While in NCC's Law School, the NAACP accepted <mask>'s case, and filed a lawsuit against UNC School of Law. Thurgood Marshall led the NAACP defense. In 1951, a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals allowed McKissick and three other students admission to UNC's School of Law.At the time of the ruling, <mask> had nearly finished his law degree from NCC, but he took courses at UNC School of Law during the summer of 1951. <mask> was in the first group of black students to be admitted at UNC School of Law. Law efforts
In 1955, <mask> established a law firm in Durham, NC. His law firm was involved with civil rights issues and his clients included the first black undergraduates to attend UNC-Chapel Hill in 1955. He successfully defended sit-in protesters of the Durham's Royal Ice Cream Parlor in 1957, and the families who integrated Durham's city school system in 1959. The lead plaintiffs in the 1959 school desegregation case were his daughter, Joycelyn, and his wife, Evelyn. As a lawyer, <mask>'s most publicized efforts involved a segregated black local in the Tobacco Workers International, an AFL-CIO member.McKissick pressed to have black workers admitted to the skilled scale without loss of their seniority rating. Involvement with CORE

After the Greensboro sit-in at Woolworth's lunch counter on February 1, 1960, Gordon Carey and James T. McCain, CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) field secretaries,  were sent to the Carolinas to help with the negotiating of department store owners and to spark interest in more sit-ins. Carey was introduced to McKissick during this time. "Carey helped McKissick and students organize the demonstrations that broke out on February 8th in Durham, and in the course of the next few weeks the two men travelled over the state setting up non-violent workshops." McKissick handled legal affairs for both the NAACP and CORE, but he withdrew from the NAACP. After leaving the NAACP and showing loyalty to CORE, he was elected to the CORE national chairmanship at the 1963 Convention. When <mask> replaced James Farmer as head of CORE on January 3, 1966, the organization completed a 180-degree turn that saw it change from an interracial integrationist civil rights agency pledged to uphold nonviolence into a militant and uncompromising advocate of the ideology of black power.In 1966, James Meredith challenged America's social system of poverty, racial segregation, and white supremacy by vowing to walk alone from Memphis, Tennessee to Jackson, Mississippi. <mask> who had not recently been elected head of CORE, promised to support Meredith in his journey. Along with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Stokely Carmichael, <mask> assisted in leading a group of demonstrators the remaining 194 miles to Jackson, Mississippi. McKissick states, "We issued the call to bring all the organizations together to continue the march at the spot where he fell." <mask> and Roy Innis, who at that time was the head of the Harlem chapter of CORE, appeared to be close allies, but there were underlying tensions. When McKissick left CORE in 1968, Innis took over. Soul City

After leaving CORE, McKissick launched a plan to build a new community, Soul City, in Warren County, North Carolina on 500 acres of farmland.McKissick stated," Soul City was an idea before the movement. Soul City actually started after World War II, in my mind. And it was first talked about when we saw the use of the Marshall Plan, and all like that. See, I've always been in real estate and I've always been a businessman." Soul City was supposed to reverse out-migration of minorities and the poor to urban areas. Soul City was a town intended for all, but placed emphasis on providing opportunities for minorities and the poor. The venture received a $14 million bond issue guarantee from the Department of Housing and Urban Development through the New Communities Act of 1970 and a loan of $500,000 form the First Pennsylvania Bank.The state of North Carolina also gave $1.7 million and private donors gave about $1 million. With this funding, McKissick  built a state-of-the art water system, a health care clinic, and a massive steel-and-glass factory named Soultech I. Soul City was projected to have 24,000 jobs and 44,000 inhabitants by the year 2004. Soul City, however, ran into difficulties and the project never developed as McKissick had hoped. In June 1980, the Soul City Corporation and the federal government reached an agreement that allowed the government to assume control the following January. Under the agreement, the company retained 88 acres of the project, including the site of a mobile home park and a 60,000-square-foot building that had served as the project's headquarters. The Department of Housing & Urban Development paid off $10 million in loans and agreed to pay an additional $175,000 of the project's debts.In exchange, <mask> agreed to drop a lawsuit brought to block HUD from shutting down the project. Later life and death
In June 1990, <mask> was appointed a state district court judge in the Ninth Judicial District in North Carolina, by Republican Governor James G. Martin. Less than a year after being appointed, while also working as pastor of the First Baptist Church of Soul City, <mask> died of lung cancer at the age 69 on Sunday April 28, 1991. He was buried in Soul City. He was survived by his wife, the former Evelyn Williams, whom he married in 1942; a son, <mask>, Jr; and three daughters, Joycelyn, Andree, and Charmaine. References

External links
 Inventory of the <mask><mask> Papers, 1940s-1980s, in the Southern Historical Collection, UNC-Chapel Hill
 Oral History Interviews with <mask><mask> Sr. ,  from Oral Histories of the American South
 CORE History
 King Encyclopedia
Harambee City: Archival site incorporating documents, maps, audio/visual materials related to CORE's work in black power and black economic development. North Carolina lawyers
African-American judges
American civil rights activists
United States Army personnel of World War II
North Carolina state court judges
1991 deaths
1922 births
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
United States Army soldiers
People from Asheville, North Carolina
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Floyd Bixler McKissick
McKissick
Floyd McKissick
Floyd Bixler
McKissick
Thompson McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
Floyd McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
McKissick
Floyd McKissick
McKissick
Floyd McKissick
Floyd B
. McKissick
Floyd B
. McKissick


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Sir <mask> (, ; Norman French: ; 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, <mask> defeated an English army at the Battle of Stirling Bridge in September 1297. He was appointed Guardian of Scotland and served until his defeat at the Battle of Falkirk in July 1298. In August 1305, <mask> was captured in Robroyston, near Glasgow, and handed over to King Edward I of England, who had him hanged, drawn and quartered for high treason and crimes against English civilians. Since his death, <mask> has obtained an iconic status far beyond his homeland. He is the protagonist of Blind Harry's 15th-century epic poem The Wallace and the subject of literary works by Jane Porter and Sir Walter Scott, and of the Academy Award-winning film Braveheart. Background

<mask> was a member of the lesser nobility, but little is definitely known of his family history or even his parentage.Blind Harry's late-15th-century poem gives his father as Sir Malcolm of Elderslie; however, <mask>'s own seal, found on a letter sent to the Hanse city of Lübeck in 1297, gives his father's name as <mask>. This <mask> may be the same as the one listed in the 1296 Ragman Rolls as a crown tenant in Ayrshire, but there is no additional confirmation. Blind Harry's assertion that <mask> was the son of Sir Malcolm of Elderslie has given rise to a tradition that <mask>'s birthplace was at Elderslie in Renfrewshire, and this is still the view of some historians, including the historical William Wallace Society itself. However, <mask>'s seal has given rise to a counterclaim of Ellerslie in Ayrshire. There is no contemporary evidence linking him with either location, although both areas had connections with the wider <mask> family. Records show early members of the family as holding estates at Riccarton, Tarbolton, Auchincruive in Kyle and Stenton in East Lothian. They were vassals of James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland as their lands fell within his territory.<mask>'s brothers Malcolm and John are known from other sources. The origins of the <mask> surname and its association with southwest Scotland are also far from certain, other than the name's being derived from the Old English wylisc (pronounced "wullish"), meaning "foreigner" or "Welshman". It is possible that all the Wallaces in the Clyde area were medieval immigrants from Wales, but as the term was also used for the Cumbric-speaking Strathclyde kingdom of the Celtic Britons, it seems equally likely that the surname refers to people who were seen as being "Welsh" due to their Cumbric language. Military career

Political crisis in Scotland

When <mask> was growing up, King Alexander III ruled Scotland. His reign had seen a period of peace and economic stability. On 19 March 1286, however, Alexander died after falling from his horse. The heir to the throne was Alexander's granddaughter, Margaret, Maid of Norway.As she was still a child and in Norway, the Scottish lords set up a government of guardians. Margaret fell ill on the voyage to Scotland and died in Orkney in late September 1290. The lack of a clear heir led to a period known as the "Great Cause", with a total of thirteen contenders laying claim to the throne. The most credible claims were John Balliol and Robert Bruce, grandfather of the future king the Bruce. With Scotland threatening to descend into civil war, King Edward I of England was invited in by the Scottish nobility to arbitrate. Before the process could begin, he insisted that all of the contenders recognise him as Lord Paramount of Scotland. In early November 1292, at a great feudal court held in the castle at Berwick-upon-Tweed, judgment was given in favour of John Balliol having the strongest claim in law based on being senior in genealogical primogeniture even though not in proximity of blood.Edward proceeded to take steps to progressively undermine John's authority, treating Scotland as a feudal vassal state, demanding homage be paid towards himself and military support in his war against France — even summoning King John Balliol to stand before the English court as a common plaintiff. The Scots soon tired of their deeply compromised king, and the direction of affairs was allegedly taken out of his hands by the leading men of the kingdom, who appointed a Council of Twelve—in practice, a new panel of Guardians—at Stirling in July 1295. They went on to conclude a treaty of mutual assistance with France—known in later years as the Auld Alliance. In retaliation for Scotland's treaty with France, Edward I invaded, storming Berwick-upon-Tweed and commencing the Wars of Scottish Independence. The Scots were defeated at Dunbar and the English took Dunbar Castle on 27 April 1296. Edward forced John to abdicate, which he did at Stracathro near Montrose on 10 July 1296. Here the arms of Scotland were formally torn from John's surcoat, giving him the abiding name of "Toom Tabard" (empty coat).By July, Edward had instructed his officers to receive formal homage from some 1,800 Scottish nobles (many of the rest being prisoners of war at that time). Silent years prior to the Wars of Independence
Some historians believe <mask> must have had some earlier military experience in order to lead a successful military campaign in 1297. Campaigns like Edward I of England's wars in Wales might have provided a good opportunity for a younger son of a landholder to become a mercenary soldier. <mask>'s personal seal bears the archer's insignia, so he may have fought as an archer in Edward's army. Walter Bower states that <mask> was "a tall man with the body of a giant ... with lengthy flanks ... broad in the hips, with strong arms and legs ... with all his limbs very strong and firm". Blind Harry's <mask> reaches seven feet. Start of the uprising

The first act definitely known to have been carried out by <mask> was his killing of <mask> Heselrig, the English High Sheriff of Lanark, in May 1297.He then joined with <mask> Hardy, Lord of Douglas, and they carried out the raid of Scone. This was one of several rebellions taking place across Scotland, including those of several Scottish nobles and Andrew Moray in the north. The uprising suffered a blow when the nobles submitted to the English at Irvine in July. <mask> and Moray were not involved, and continued their rebellions. <mask> used the Ettrick Forest as a base for raiding, and attacked Wishart's palace at Ancrum. <mask> and Moray met and joined their forces, possibly at the siege of Dundee in early September. Battle of Stirling Bridge

On 11 September 1297, an army jointly led by <mask> and Andrew Moray won the Battle of Stirling Bridge.Although vastly outnumbered, the Scottish army routed the English army. John de Warenne, 6th Earl of Surrey's feudal army of 3,000 cavalry and 8,000 to 10,000 infantry met disaster as they crossed over to the north side of the river. The narrowness of the bridge prevented many soldiers from crossing together (possibly as few as three men abreast), so, while the English soldiers crossed, the Scots held back until half of them had passed and then killed the English as quickly as they could cross. The infantry were sent on first, followed by heavy cavalry. The Scots' schiltron formations forced the infantry back into the advancing cavalry. A pivotal charge, led by one of <mask>'s captains, caused some of the English soldiers to retreat as others pushed forward, and under the overwhelming weight, the bridge collapsed and many English soldiers drowned. Thus, the Scots won a significant victory, boosting the confidence of their army.Hugh de Cressingham, Edward's treasurer in Scotland, died in the fighting and it is reputed that his body was subsequently flayed and the skin cut into small pieces as tokens of the victory. The Lanercost Chronicle records that <mask> had "a broad strip [of Cressingham's skin] ... taken from the head to the heel, to make therewith a baldrick for his sword". After the battle, Moray and <mask> assumed the title of Guardians of the Kingdom of Scotland on behalf of King John Balliol. Moray died of wounds suffered on the battlefield sometime in late 1297. Around November 1297, <mask> led a large-scale raid into northern England, through Northumberland and Cumberland. In a ceremony, at the 'Kirk o' the Forest' (Selkirk), towards the end of the year, <mask> was knighted. This would have been carried out by one of three Scottish earls—Carrick, Strathearn or Lennox.Battle of Falkirk

In April 1298, Edward ordered a second invasion of Scotland. Two days prior to the battle 25,781 foot soldiers were paid. More than half of them would have been Welsh. There are no clear cut sources for the presence of cavalry, but it is safe to assume that Edward had roughly 1500 horse under his command. They plundered Lothian and regained some castles, but failed to bring <mask> to combat; the Scots shadowed the English army, intending to avoid battle until shortages of supplies and money forced Edward to withdraw, at which point the Scots would harass his retreat. The English quartermasters' failure to prepare for the expedition left morale and food supplies low, and a resulting riot within Edward's own army had to be put down by his cavalry. In July, while planning a return to Edinburgh for supplies, Edward received intelligence that the Scots were encamped nearby at Falkirk, and he moved quickly to engage them in the pitched battle he had long hoped for.<mask> arranged his spearmen in four schiltrons—circular, defensive hedgehog formations, probably surrounded by wooden stakes connected with ropes, to keep the infantry in formation. The English, however, employed Welsh longbowmen, who swung tactical superiority in their favour. The English proceeded to attack with cavalry and put the Scottish archers to flight. The Scottish cavalry withdrew as well, due to its inferiority to the English heavy horses. Edward's men began to attack the schiltrons, which were still able to inflict heavy casualties on the English cavalry. It remains unclear whether the infantry shooting bolts, arrows and stones at the spearmen proved the deciding factor, although it is very likely that it was the arrows of Edward's bowmen. Gaps in the schiltrons soon appeared, and the English exploited these to crush the remaining resistance.The Scots lost many men, including John de Graham. <mask> escaped, though his military reputation suffered badly. By September 1298, <mask> resigned as Guardian of Scotland in favour of Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick and future king, and John Comyn, King John Balliol's nephew. Details of <mask>'s activities after this are vague, but there is some evidence that he left on a mission to the court of King Philip IV of France to plead the case for assistance in the Scottish struggle for independence. There is a surviving letter from the French king dated 7 November 1300 to his envoys in Rome demanding that they should help Sir <mask>. It also suggests that <mask> may have intended to travel to Rome, although it is not known if he did. There is also a report from an English spy at a meeting of Scottish leaders, where they said <mask> was in France.By 1304 <mask> was back in Scotland, and involved in skirmishes at Happrew and Earnside. Capture and execution

<mask> evaded capture by the English until 5 August 1305, when John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned <mask> over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. (The site is commemorated by a small monument in the form of a Celtic cross.) Letters of safe conduct from Haakon V of Norway, Philip IV of France and John Balliol, along with other documents, were found in <mask>'s possession and delivered to Edward by John de Segrave. <mask> was transported to London, lodged in the house of <mask> Leyrer, then taken to Westminster Hall, where he was tried for treason and for atrocities against civilians in war, "sparing neither age nor sex, monk nor nun." He was crowned with a garland of oak to suggest he was the king of outlaws. He responded to the treason charge, "I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject."Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, <mask> was taken from the hall to the Tower of London, then stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield. He was hanged, drawn and quartered—strangled by hanging, but released while he was still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burned before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts. His preserved head (dipped in tar) was placed on a pike atop London Bridge. It was later joined by the heads of the brothers, John and Simon Fraser. His limbs were displayed, separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling and Perth. A plaque unveiled 8 April 1956, stands in a wall of St. Bartholomew's Hospital near the site of <mask>'s execution at Smithfield. It includes in Latin the words "Dico tibi verum libertas optima rerum nunquam servili sub nexu vivito fili" (I tell you the truth.Freedom is what is best. Sons, never live life like slaves. ), and in Gaelic "Bas Agus Buaidh" (Death and Victory), an old Scottish battle cry. In 1869, the Wallace Monument was erected, close to the site of his victory at Stirling Bridge. The Wallace Sword, which supposedly belonged to <mask>, although some parts were made at least 160 years later, was held for many years in Dumbarton Castle and is now in the Wallace Monument. In popular culture

Film
 A well-known version of <mask>'s life is presented in the film Braveheart (1995), directed by and starring Mel Gibson as <mask>, written by <mask>, and filmed in Scotland and Ireland. The film was criticised for many historical inaccuracies.In the film Outlaw King (2018), Robert the Bruce (Chris Pine) is prompted to plan a revolt against the English after observing rioting induced by the public display of the quartered body of <mask>. Literature
Blind Harry's 15th-century poem has been a major influence on the legend of <mask>, including details like a wife called Marion Braidfute, and claiming that <mask> killed the Sheriff of Lanark in revenge for the killing of his wife. However much of this poem is unsubstantiated or at variance with contemporary sources. In 1793 Robert Burns wrote the lyrics to Scots Wha Hae wi <mask> bled. Jane Porter penned a romantic version of the <mask> legend in the historical novel The Scottish Chiefs (1810). In her prize-winning poem of 1819, <mask>'s Invocation to Bruce, Felicia Hemans imagines <mask> urging Bruce to continue the struggle for freedom after defeat at the Battle of Falkirk. In 1828, Walter Scott wrote of "The Story of Sir William <mask>" in his Tales of a Grandfather (first series).G. A. Henty wrote a novel about this time period titled In Freedom's Cause: A Story of <mask> and Bruce (1885). Henty, a producer of and writer for the Boy's Own Paper story paper, portrays the life of <mask>, Robert the Bruce, The Black Douglas and others, while dovetailing the events of his novel with historical fiction. Nigel Tranter wrote a historical novel titled The Wallace (1975), "admirably free of anything to do with Braveheart". The Temple and the Stone (1998), a novel by Katherine Kurtz and Deborah Turner Harris, includes a storyline creating a fictional connection between <mask> and Templar Knights. Gaming
Wallace is the subject and protagonist of the tutorial campaign in realtime strategy game Age of Empires II. Beer
A number of beers are named for <mask>. A brewery in Bridge of Allan, Scotland, makes a Scottish ale named "<mask>", and Scottish Maclays Brewery had a beer called "<mask>".See also
Auchenbathie Tower – <mask>'s Knowe
Clan Wallace
<mask>'s Heel Well – an imprint of <mask>'s heel in stone
<mask>'s Well – Robroyston, Glasgow

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Scott, Sir Walter. Exploits and death of <mask>, the 'Hero of Scotland'

External links

<mask> and Bruce
The Lübeck letter
<mask> letters to go on show

Year of birth unknown
1305 deaths
1305 in Scotland
Guardians of Scotland
Prisoners in the Tower of London
People executed under the Plantagenets by hanging, drawing and quartering
People executed under the Plantagenets for treason against England
Scottish people of the Wars of Scottish Independence
Scottish generals
Scottish knights
Scottish letter writers
Scottish rebels
Scottish Roman Catholics
Executed Scottish people
People from Renfrewshire
13th-century Scottish people
13th-century births

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