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 many other gems are scattered throughout the books. For this reason, and because the books present such an unusual stance that can provoke thoughtful consideration of the accepted truths in psychology, I highly recommend them.... Both books are well written and clearly structured. <mask> follows a regular expository pattern by explaining objectives, logically and systematically developing arguments and conclusions, and presenting frequent summaries. The premises and implications are intellectually easy to grasp, unforgettable, and alarming.... <mask> includes considerations and concepts that are seldom presented elsewhere." Psychotherapy and its effectiveness
Over a period of decades, <mask> has weighed the question whether psychotherapy is truly effective.In 1987, his book When You Don't Know Where to Turn: A Self-Diagnosing Guide to Counseling and Therapy was published and subsequently adopted by the Psychology Today Book Club and the Psychotherapy Book Club. The book presents a self-diagnosing algorithm to help readers identify, based on effectiveness studies, potentially most promising forms of therapeutic care. The algorithm takes into account individual symptoms, circumstances, personality, and life goals. The book was followed by the publication of the author's summary appraisal of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, about which psychiatrist Thomas Szasz, a long-time critic of psychiatry, commented: "It is one of the best, if not the best, that I have read on this subject." Similarly, psychologist Hans H. Strupp, who has extensively studied the effectiveness of psychotherapy, commented: "I find myself in substantial agreement with [<mask>'s] major points which are well stated." The psychology of higher education and burn-out among liberal arts faculty
<mask> studied these issues in a series of published papers that seek to explain faculty demoralization that can result from deteriorating conditions affecting the state of higher education in America. The psychology of animal rights
Bartlett published a psychological and epistemological analysis of the blocks that prevent the majority of people from recognizing and respecting the sentience of members of other species.The study, "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights: Psychological and Conceptual Blocks," was developed within a legal framework in order to make evident the ways in which human laws have reflected the underlying psychological and conceptual blocks to compassionate treatment of non-human animals. <mask> was later invited by Brazil's Ministry of Education to address the International Congress on Animal Rights, Salvador, Brazil, Oct. 8-11, 2008. For use at the Congress, "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights" was translated into Portuguese and then published. The psychology of creativity
<mask>'s studies relating to the nosology of mental illness and his critique of the assumption that psychological normality should be equated with good mental health led him to examine the psychology of creative individuals. The psychology of artists and other highly creative people has been studied from the diagnostic perspective of DSM's psychiatric classification of mental disorders, with the result that some outstanding creative individuals may be considered to have various degrees of psychopathology. <mask> has argued that this is not only short-sighted, but it questionably presumes that the psychology of normality should serve as arbiter for mentally healthy emotional, aesthetic, and cognitive characteristics and abilities. In a group of further publications, <mask> has described in detail how it is possible to enrich and deepen our understanding of both the psychology of creativity and the psychology of normality.Psychological studies of philosophy
With training and research in psychology and philosophy, <mask> has undertaken a psychological examination both of philosophy as a discipline and of philosophers as a psychologically characterizable group. Related to this work, <mask> has sought to identify and describe "epistemological intelligence" as a distinguishable variety of human intelligence, one which he explains is especially important to philosophers. In this context, he has sought to understand the challenges posed by the psychological profile of philosophers that can obstruct the development and implementation of the skills associated with epistemological intelligence. References

External links and resources

Biographical resources
 "<mask> <mask>" entry in Contemporary Authors Online. Literature Resource Center. Gale Document Number: GALE H1000305527. Detroit: Gale, 2013.<mask> <mask>, "Short Bio" from Willamette University website. "About the Author," in <mask> <mask>, The Pathology of Man: A Study of Human Evil. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas, 2005, p. 360. "About the Author," in <mask> <mask>, Normality Does Not Equal Mental Health: The Need to Look Elsewhere for Standards of Good Psychological Health. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger Publishers, 2011, p. 309. "About the Author," in
 <mask> <mask>, biographical entry as Member of the Global Advisory Board of Human Dignity and Humiliation Studies. <mask> <mask>, "A Brief Conceptual Autobiography" from Willamette University website.Directory of American Scholars. Vol. 4: Philosophy, Religion, & Law, 1974, 1978, 1982, 1999, 2002.
 Who's Who in U.S. Writers, Editors & Poets. A Biographical Directory, 1988.
 Who's Who in Writers, Editors & Poets. United States & Canada, 1989-1990, 1992-1993, 1995-1996.
 Who's Who in the 21st Century, 2002. 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the 21st Century, 2001.2000 Outstanding Scholars of the 21st Century, 2000. 5000 Personalities of the World, 1997.
 International Authors and Writers Who's Who, 1991. Selected books and papers
 A Relativistic Theory of Phenomenological Constitution: A Self-referential, Transcendental Approach to Conceptual Pathology. Doctoral dissertation, Université de Paris, 2 vols., 834 pages: Vol. I in French, and Vol. II in English. VALIDITY: A Learning Game Approach to Mathematical Logic.An academic learning game for use in university-level classes in mathematical logic, including both propositional and predicate calculi. "Phenomenology of the Implicit." Describes the author's transition from phenomenology to studies of the preconditions of reference. "Fenomenologia Tego – Co Implikowane." A Polish translation of the author's "Phenomenology of the Implicit." Conceptual Therapy: An Introduction to Framework-relative Epistemology. A text applying <mask>'s self-validating approach to conceptual analysis.Reflexivity: A Source Book in Self-Reference. An edited collection of 33 papers by authors who have contributed to this area of study, including Fitch, Smullyan, Prior, Rescher, van Fraassen, Johnstone, Boyle, <mask>, and others. "The Problem of Psychotherapeutic Effectiveness." A paper describing the main determinants of the effectiveness of psychotherapy. "Roots of Human Resistance to Animal Rights: Psychological and Conceptual Blocks." The paper examines a variety of blocks that originate in human psychology and in common ways of thinking, blocks that obstruct our recognition of and respect for both the individual consciousness and the legal rights of non-human animals. "Raízes da resistência humana aos direitos dos animais: Bloqueios psicológicos e conceituais."Daniel Braga Lourenço (Portuguese trans.). A translation into Portuguese of the preceding paper. When You Don't Know Where to Turn: A Self-diagnosing Guide to Counseling and Therapy: eBook from Project Gutenberg. Presents an algorithm to aid people in identifying approaches to counseling or therapy likely to be most helpful to them. "The Idea of a Metalogic of Reference". An informal introduction to the approach central to <mask>'s epistemology. "Referential Consistency as a Criterion of Meaning".In this paper, <mask> formulates what he calls a "self-validating" criterion of meaning. By this he means a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition of meaning that is logically compelling in the sense that this criterion of meaning cannot not be accepted without bringing about a form of self-referential consistency that undermines the very possibility of meaning. <mask> argues that this "metalogical" variety of self-referential inconsistency comprises a new and distinct kind of self-referential inconsistency, to be distinguished from the philosophically familiar varieties of semantical and pragmatical self-referential inconsistency. "The Role of Reflexivity in Understanding Human Understanding". "Introduction" from <mask> <mask> (Ed. ), Reflexivity: A Source-Book in Self-Reference, pp. 3–18.The Species Problem: Inescapable Ambiguity and Redundancy. Open access monograph available from ArXiv.org, CogPrints, HAL (Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), and PhilSci. In <mask>'s monograph, the "species problem" refers to past efforts, foremost by biologists, to define definitively and objectively what the concept of "species" means. <mask> seeks to demonstrate two central assertions about the species problem: First, he claims that past efforts to define in any compelling way what "species" means have been unsuccessful because they have failed to understand the theoretical impossibility of the task. It is theoretically impossible, he argues, to define in any compelling way what "species" means due to what he calls "the inescapable ambiguity" that is ingredient in the very attempt to reach such a definition. Second, he claims that the solution to the species problem requires what he calls a "framework-relative" approach to species definition. Such an approach, <mask> seeks to demonstrate, is logically compelling in the sense that it cannot not be accepted without inconsistency."The Case for Government by Artificial Intelligence". A critical and speculative essay, briefly reviewing <mask>'s previous book-length studies relating to shortcomings of psychological normality, and discussing their possible remediation through government by artificial intelligence. "Paratheism: A Proof That God Neither Exists nor Does Not Exist". <mask> argues that theism, atheism, and agnosticism are all fundamentally incoherent from the standpoint of a logical, epistemological analysis. He formulates a proof that theism, as well as atheism and agnosticism, are equally unacceptable because each is "conceptually self-undermining" and therefore incoherent. Epistemological Intelligence. Open access monograph available from HAL (Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) and PhilPapers.In this monograph, <mask> develops the concept of "epistemological intelligence," which he introduces as a new distinguishable variety of human intelligence. He reports his observations of the psychology of philosophers, and claims that the commonly prevailing psychological profile of philosophers often stands in the way of their ability to develop the skills that define epistemological intelligence. "Mismeasuring Our Lives: The Case against Usefulness, Popularity, and the Desire to Influence Others". In this paper, <mask> examines what he claims are three important and unquestioned presumptions that fundamentally influence contemporary society, our educational system, and the professions. These presumptions are: the high value that is placed on usefulness, on striving for popularity, and on the wish to influence other people. He presents the case against these presumptions which he claims impede the development of human culture. "The Objectivity of Truth, Morality, and Beauty".In this essay, <mask> advances an innovative approach to answer the perennial question whether truth, morality, and beauty have an objective basis. The essay seeks to show how it is possible to associate three varieties of human intelligence—cognitive intelligence, "moral intelligence," and "aesthetic intelligence"—with justifiable objective judgments about truth, morality, and beauty. "America's Upside-down Doctrine of Education: Albert Jay Nock's Theory of What Has Gone Wrong — Or Is It Right?". In this paper, <mask> examines a set of fundamental assumptions about American education that were analyzed and criticized almost a hundred years ago by Albert Jay Nock, an author and theorist of education. Nock's theory of American education points to a need to question these assumptions and, if possible, to support them with evidence. Additional online resources
 A variety of books and papers by <mask> <mask>; some are abstracted and some are archived by PhilPapers. Official website (at Willamette University) A selection of <mask>'s downloadable books, papers, and related commentary and discussion.Library cataloguing information
 Works by <mask> <mask> in the Library of Congress; works listed under the alternative name <mask><mask> in the Library of Congress; works listed under the alternative name <mask> in the Library of Congress. Works by <mask> <mask> in libraries catalogued by WorldCat; works listed under the alternative name <mask><mask> in libraries catalogued by WorldCat. Works by <mask> <mask> catalogued by the University of California libraries; works listed under the alternative name <mask><mask> catalogued by the University of California libraries. 1945 births
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
American psychologists
Humanistic psychologists
American psychology writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
University of Paris alumni
Living people
American expatriates in France
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<mask> (born 6 January 1974) is a French novelist born in Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine. He is the son of the singer and songwriter <mask>. Biography

<mask> was born of a long line of artists, singers, actors, writers, he developed a passion at an early young age for opera - he was just ten years old when he discovered his fascination for Richard Wagner. This precocious love led him to the discovery of the theater, then literature. His infatuation for reading quickly gained precedence over his love of music. He grew up among the works and lives of great authors whom he cherished. This passion is almost all-encompassing and was to stay with him for life.He left high school in the year before graduation with the firm intention of becoming a playwright. He enrolled in theater classes - which he followed for three years - in order to better understand the mechanics involved in the art of stage craft and more clearly discern the acting profession. In parallel he engaged in numerous "writing exercises", all aimed at the theater. Unsatisfied, he settled in the country for four years during which he built up his book collection and read voraciously the works of historians. He then left the country to work for two years in Los Angeles, where he wrote scripts for children. He eventually came back to France where he got married and wrote a successful first novel. <mask> <mask> is the father of three children (Aliénor, Gabriel & Victor-Scott).He wrote the tale entitled One Second Before Christmas for them. The "chill winds of the Devil" isolate the small diocese of Draguan, in the county of Toulouse from the rest of the world. Before the sight of the statue of the Virgin Mary broken by the cold, Romée de Haquin, its bishop, is not far from thinking that a curse is wreaking havoc on his parishes. Everything started when two young girls found the remains of tortured bodies in the river. The savage murder of Haquin leaves the village prey to irrational fears. It is at this point that a mysterious priest, Henno Gui, makes his entrance. Accompanied by a young boy and by a hideously ugly man, he had been summoned by Haquin to take charge of the thirteenth parish of the diocese, Heurteloup.After three days of walking in a forest which is as dark as it is inextricable, the group reaches the entrance of a deserted village. The church is in ruins and many houses are abandoned. Surrounded by foul-smelling marshlands and suspected of carrying the plague, the parish has lived in oblivion for decades. Nobody knows what had happened to its inhabitants. The cursed parish, the thirteenth of the bishopric, is so isolated that its name is often omitted from the maps of the provostship, but it does however interest the highest echelons in Rome. The Holy See is full of rumours, and agitations in the most secret inner circles of the Vatican have had repercussions as far afield as the kingdom of France. Maybe the key to these mysteries can be found in the troubled life of Romée de Haquin, or with Henno Gui, the priest with the strange methods, or found at the very heart of the thirteenth parish?Historical Characters in the Novel

 Pope Martin IV

The Spark of God

Deep beneath Jerusalem, from the beginning of time, lies an object that could change the world: the Spark of God. At least that is what nine knights, willing to risk their lives in the attempt to recover it, believe. And when, in 1099, the long-awaited news of the liberation of Jerusalem comes at last, the knights promise their aid and protection to the thousands of pilgrims who set off for the Holy Land. They set about organising a vast pilgrimage, which will enable them to conceal their true aim. But just before they set off, one of them is murdered. Whether by accident or by design, he leaves a packet of letters about the secret buried deep in the Holy Land - a secret known to King Solomon – for his nephew Cosimo to find. Soon the young man discovers that his uncle had organised everything as if in the knowledge that he would never return from the Holy Land.Why? Cosimo determines to find out. Unbeknownst to everyone, he insinuates himself into one of the groups of pilgrims. What will they be searching for in Jerusalem? And now, imagine that the story of this novel is situated either in the past or in the future. But is it really the past and the future? And if it is, then why does everything happen in the same way?Historical Characters in the Novel

 Bernard of Clairvaux
 Hugues de Payens
 Baldwin II of Jerusalem
 Robert de Craon
 Godfrey de Saint-Omer
 Andre de Montbard

Historical Places in the Novel
Jerusalem
Troyes
Clairvaux Abbey
County of Champagne
Constantinople

See also
Knights Templar
Solomon's Temple
First Crusade
Pilgrimage
Uchronie
Time travel in fiction

One Second before Christmas

How does Santa Claus deliver all his packages at once?.... Where is his factory?… Who makes the gifts?… How does it all really work? These questions about the wonderment and mechanics of Christmas are the farthest thing possible from the thoughts of young Harold on the 16th of October, 1851. Harold is an orphan and street urchin in the sad, gray industrial never-town of Cokecuttle, in Lancashire, England – and he does not suspect the exceptional adventure awaiting him…. Indeed, Harold is about to be called to duty as the new Santa Claus, delivering presents and happiness to his fellow children around the world. He’s given the familiar red suit and a big white beard, too. And he’s set to task.But… how does Santa Claus deliver all those packages in one night? What about the elves and reindeer? Our little Harold will have to find a very quick answer to those questions after all. Places in this Christmas Tale

Lancashire
Equuleus
North Pole
Aberdeenshire

See also

Victorian era
Industrial Revolution
Child labor
Chimney sweep

References
XO Editions
Susana Lea Associates
Random House

External links
 <mask> <mask>’s Website

1974 births
Living people
People from Boulogne-Billancourt
Writers from Île-de-France
French historical novelists
French science fiction writers
21st-century French novelists
French male novelists
21st-century French male writers

masks:
Romain Sardou
Michel Sardou
Romain Sardou
Romain
Sardou
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Sardou


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<mask> is an American playwright, theatre artist and teacher. She is best-known for a trio of plays, set during and after the Second World War, known as The Nibroc Trilogy. The initial play of that trilogy, Last Train to Nibroc, was the first play to transfer from FringeNYC to Off-Broadway (the second to do so was the hit musical Urinetown). Other works for which she is known include a one-act dramatic work about the aftermath of a sexual assault, I Dream Before I Take the Stand; a one-act musical drama set among the members of a Shaker community in the 19th Century, As It Is in Heaven; and a Holocaust-themed work, Letters to Sala, based on actual documents. She has also created plays for young audiences. Her work has won many awards. From The Nibroc Trilogy,  Last Train to Nibroc received a 2000 New York Drama League Best Play nomination, See Rock City won the In the Spirit of America Award, and Gulf View Drive received L.A. Weekly and Ovation Award nominations, as well as the 2018 Ovation Award for Best Production at the Rubicon Theatre.She is a three-time winner of the Samuel French Short Play Festival, and eight-time finalist for the Heideman Award at Actors Theatre of Louisville. <mask> has received critical acclaim for her plays, which have been compared to the works of Horton Foote,  William Inge, Jane Austen and Lanford Wilson, among others. Of her, one journalist wrote, "In an era when playwrights are a vanishing species and Disney dominates Broadway, [<mask>] has fashioned a remarkable place for herself." Early life, education and playwriting career
Born in Louisiana, <mask> was raised in Sarasota, Florida. Her parents were both college professors with roots in Eastern Kentucky, which is partly the setting of her best-known and most-acclaimed work, The Nibroc Trilogy (Last Train to Nibroc, See Rock City and Gulf View Drive), though her work is not directly autobiographical. <mask> majored in theatre arts at Rollins College, a private liberal arts college in Winter Park, Florida. Her experience at Rollins included acting, directing, and costuming.After graduating from Rollins, she went to Asolo Conservatory at Florida State University (FSU), where she received an MFA in theatre. In the 1990s, <mask> wrote her first play, I Dream Before I Take the Stand. She has several times described herself as the "accidental playwright," because, according to her, she was only moved to write plays to create better roles for herself than those of the plays in which she'd been appearing. In 1995, she took several one-act plays, including I Dream Before I Take the Stand, to the Edinburgh Fringe in Edinburgh, Scotland to be staged. At the festival, her plays were favorably reviewed. When Last Train to Nibroc premiered in New York, it attracted so much attention that it transferred to an off-Broadway venue. Eventually, she gave up acting to concentrate completely on playwriting.She credits Tennessee Williams and Lanford Wilson as among her major inspirations. <mask>'s artist's residencies have included Access Theatre, the Australian National Playwrights Conference, the New Harmony Project, Blue Mountain Center, Greenville Centre Stage's New Play Festival, the MacDowell Colony, Yaddo and Winterthur. <mask> is an alumna of New Dramatists and a member of Ensemble Studio Theatre, the National Theatre Conference and The Dramatists Guild. Plays

The Nibroc Trilogy

Background
Last Train to Nibroc, the first part of <mask>'s best-known work, The Nibroc Trilogy, was inspired by her learning, from a book about S.J. Perelman, that the legendary writers F. Scott Fitzgerald and Nathaniel West, Perelman's brother-in-law, had not only died within a day of one another in 1940, but that their corpses may very well have been shipped back for burial to the East Coast on the same train. The title of the play refers to Corbin, Kentucky – her parents' state of origin – where the real-life annual Nibroc Festival is held ("Nibroc" is Corbin spelled backwards). Despite <mask>'s expectation while writing it that the play would not be popular, Last Train to Nibroc turned out to be the playwright's most frequently-produced play, having received about 100 productions to date.Critical reception of the individual plays and the trilogy
The New York Times critic, D.J.R. Bruckner wrote: "'Last Train' is not about events; it is about character. And when you leave this performance after 90 minutes of seeing these people reveal depths of feelings they are trying to hide, you might think you could easily enjoy another few hours of this." Chris Jones of Chicago Tribune awarded Last Train to Nibroc four stars, writing that it "most closely recalls the work of Horton Foote, although <mask> is very much her own writer." David C. Nichols of the Los Angeles Times observed that "Had <mask> <mask> been around during Broadway's golden age, her finely wrought plays might rank with those of William Inge or Horton Foote." In a review of See Rock City, Philip Brandes of the Los Angeles Times wrote "With so many dramas these days built around bad behavior — the worse the better, it seems — it's a downright anomaly to come across a genuinely compelling story about ordinary people trying to do their best." In his review of Gulf View Drive, directed by Katherine Farmer, which won an Ovation Award for Best Production at the Rubicon Theatre, Brandes wrote that the third play "thoroughly satisfies on its own merits."However, Marilyn Stasio of Variety wrote that the play covers so much socio-historical ground that it "tends to sag from the weight of its responsibilities. But the spine of the central relationship holds it up." Eric ReeL (sic) observes that "<mask>'s trilogy… is not only a work that captures a period in our history, and the timeless story of a young couple living through that history, but she has captured the essence of an entire era in the history of American theatre." Stasio believes that the three plays will attract audiences looking for "'event theater' that eschews flashy effects, demanding instead a long-term commitment to deserving characters caught up in trying circumstances." Gina Bellafante in The New York Times calls the three parts of the work "exquisitely quiet, gently reaching plays" that "ought to be seen by anyone who doubts the capacity of front porch drama to tell a meaningful story beyond its own perimeters." I Dream Before I Take the Stand

Background
<mask>'s first play, I Dream Before I Take the Stand, about a woman facing a hostile interrogator concerning a sexual assault incident in which she was the victim, was first performed, as noted above, at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 1995. The work has since received many professional productions, as well as amateur stagings, and has been anthologized in the collection The Best American Short Plays 1998-1999.Reception
The List (Edinburgh, Scotland) called I Dream Before I Take the Stand "a feminist classic." The New Jersey Independent called it "a riveting piece of theatre. The writing is pithy and fierce." The critic for New York Newsday wrote that the play had "David Mamet overtones, but far more sympathy for the female victim enduring a nightmare quizzing than Mamet ever musters." Since 2017, <mask>'s play has received particular attention with the rise of the #MeToo movement protesting sexual harassment and sexual assault. In April 2018, a group of Pittsfield High School students chose the play because they considered it particularly timely. The production inspired an editorial in The Berkshire Eagle that considered the issue of sexual assault as it relates to young people.As It Is in Heaven

Background
As It Is in Heaven, a play with an all-female cast, was first performed at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in 2001. A production was scheduled to open at off-Broadway's 78th Street Theatre Lab in New York City on September 13 of that year. Two days prior, the September 11 attacks occurred, and on that night, the cast members responded by rehearsing the Shaker hymns performed in the play. The production later opened as planned. In 2008, the play was performed in Shakertown, in Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, the place that had first inspired it, and it was revived in New York in 2011. Critical reception
Calling <mask> "one of the most richly humane voices in contemporary theater," F. Kathleen Foley of The Los Angeles Times described As It Is in Heaven as "amusing, intellectually stimulating and moving – a beautifully crafted piece that will endure." Reviewing the original New York production, Brooke Pierce of TheaterMania noted that the "90-minute, bare bones production... is moved along smoothly... to its satisfying and inspiring conclusion."The critic of The Village Voice, Alexis Soloski, noted that "the scenes of the women working and living together are wonderful for their very Shaker-like qualities: simplicity, unpretentiousness, attention to detail," although Soloski claims that the playwright "weaves in a dramatic arc that never seems as finely worked as the rest of the play." Anita Gates in The New York Times, reviewing the New York revival, described As It Is in Heaven as a "modest, strangely moving one-act," which "is also an unexpected patchwork of high and low cultural influences," including The Age of Innocence, The Crucible and even The Book of Mormon. Letters to Sala

Background
Letters to Sala was derived from letters owned by Sala Garncarz Kirschner, a Polish Jewish woman who, beginning at age 16, spent five years in Nazi labor camps and kept letters and other messages she received in the camps carefully hidden from the Nazis. Her daughter, writer Ann Kirschner, was moved to write a book about the letters, Sala's Gift: My Mother's Holocaust Story. The original short play was presented at the New York Public Library to accompany an exhibition of Sala's letters. Kirschner, theatre director Lawrence Sacharow and <mask> then began collaborating on a full-length version of the play, a project that survived Sacharow's death from leukemia. The full play was performed at Rollins, <mask>'s alma mater, in 2011, under the direction of <mask>'s longtime
collaborator Eric Nightengale, with Sala and her husband, Sidney, present in the audience.Critical reception
For a 2007 workshop of the play in Tucson, Arizona, a critic wrote, "I found myself just listening to the letters being read by the various actors and forgetting they actually were playing roles in a play. It was the richness of the written word that intrigued me." The critic for the Orlando Sentinel, reviewing the Rollins College production, noted that "in places the play seems like a poem... a moving, timeless, beautiful poem," though he expressed reservations about "a slight imbalance in the dual stories, with too much emphasis on the modern family's quarrel." In a review of the Barrow Group performance of the play, critic R. Jones wrote that the play was written "with loving grace" and noted that "there was always a spark of hope in the bright young eyes of Sala... That is the beauty and the magic of Letters to Sala." Other plays
Other plays for adults written by <mask> include:
 The Three Sisters Brontë, a drama about the Brontë sisters inspired by Anton Chekhov's classic, The Three Sisters, in which the sisters "struggle to find creative prosperity while navigating the harsh realities of male society." Running, a play set against the New York City Marathon. A New York Times writer praised <mask> for her "fine ear for the fits and starts of conversation" and noted that the "loose, thinking-it-through-as-we-go quality [of the play] is part of its charm."Vacuum, a drama about a scientist who may have found the cure for cancer. According to one critic, the play is "filled with great characters and very profound ethical undertones" and "exceeds… what you can normally expect" of FringeNYC. Five short plays: Studio Portrait, Houseplay, At the Tone, Friends for Life and The Price You Pay. <mask> has also written the following plays for young audiences:
 Happy Worst Day Ever: Commissioned by Cincinnati Playhouse, the play won the Macy's 2010 New Play Prize. Kissed the Girls and Made Them Cry. Working alongside other playwrights, including Craig Pospisil, <mask> co-wrote the ensemble plays:
 The Gorges Motel: which premiered at the 20th annual New York International Fringe Festival; and
 One Christmas Eve at Evergreen Mall. which premiered at the 21st annual New York International Fringe Festival]].Both plays are published by Dramatists Play Service. Two two-character short plays by <mask> have been produced for Internet podcast on the playingonair.org website: Last Train to Nibroc (see above), featuring Mamie Gummer and Gregg Mozgala and directed by John Rando, and Closing Costs, featuring Amy Ryan and Michael Stuhlbarg and directed by Gaye Taylor Upchurch. Teaching
<mask> has served as an adjunct professor at Fordham University, as both a Tennessee Williams Fellow and faculty member at Sewanee: The University of the South, and as a Visiting Assistant Professor of Playwriting at the College of Charleston. She currently (as of 2019) teaches playwriting at The Barrow Group School in New York. Awards and honors
In addition to the above-mentioned honors and awards, <mask> received a New Play Festival Best Play honorable mention at the Chattanooga Theatre Center for Letters to Sala, the Lippmann and Calloway Awards (as playwright) from New Dramatists, and a Francesca Primus Prize finalist designation from the American Theatre Critics Association. The playwright has twice received The Tennessee Williams fellowship from The University of the South and the NYSCA/NYFA Artist Fellowship in 2016 from the New York Foundation for the Arts, as well as fellowships from the William Inge Center for the Arts and the South Carolina Arts Commission. She also received an EST/Sloan Commission (for the play Maria Sybilla) from Ensemble Studio Theatre.In 2017, <mask> was commissioned by The Big Bridge Theatre Consortium (BBTC), a consortium of university theatre departments across the country, committed to developing new plays dedicated to peace and interfaith dialogue. She was the first playwright ever to be so honored. Publications
<mask>'s works have been published by Dramatists Play Service, Samuel French, Dramatic Publishing and Playscripts. Her plays have been frequently anthologized. References

Notes

Citations

External links

<mask> <mask> NPX - New Play Exchange (subscription required for download)
'Accidental playwright' returns to area with `See Rock City' (Orlando Sentinel)
'Closing Costs' (podcast) by <mask> <mask>

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American dramatists and playwrights
American theatre people

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<mask> (born 1951) is an American book editor, author, college coach, broadcaster, and former professional baseball player. He is the son of Hall of Fame Sportscaster <mask>. He is currently Senior Executive Editor at Large with Kevin Anderson and Associates and hosts "The Sports Edge" on WFAN Sports Radio. Playing career
<mask> was drafted after his junior year at Harvard as a second baseman by the Detroit Tigers in the 33rd round of the 1972 amateur draft. A top athlete at Edgemont High School (Scarsdale, NY) where he set numerous records in football and baseball, <mask> was an Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League All-Star and, as a sophomore, played in the College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska. After signing with the Tigers, <mask> played for the Anderson (SC) Tigers in the Western Carolinas League, where he hit .246 with one home run and 26 runs batted in. The following year, <mask> played for the Clinton (IA) Pilots in the Midwest League.He hit .229 with one home run and 25 RBI. Coaching career
<mask> served as an assistant baseball coach at Pace University (Pleasantville, NY) in 1977. From there, he was hired to be the head baseball coach at Mercy College (Dobbs Ferry, NY), and was there from 1978-1985. By the end of his tenure, the Flyers were nationally ranked in NCAA Div. II, and several of <mask>'s players went on to professional careers. <mask> was inducted into the Mercy College Sports Hall of Fame in 2005. In 1986-1988, <mask> worked for ESPN, doing color commentary on college baseball games, including the 1986 College World Series.He also worked for the MSG Network covering Big East baseball. In 1989, <mask> was hired to serve as a roving sports psychology coach by the Cleveland Indians. He was on their staff for five years, and was awarded a championship ring when the Indians won the American League pennant in 1995. After baseball
<mask> pursued his writing and editorial career soon after stepping down as an active player. He has written numerous books on a variety of subjects, and hundreds of magazine articles. His byline has routinely appeared in The New York Times, the Harvard Business Review, Harvard Magazine, Sports Illustrated, Sport, USA TODAY, Publishers Weekly, Psychology Today, and many more. Perhaps his most read magazine article ran in Sports Illustrated when, at the age of 38, <mask> returned to the minor leagues as an active player for the South Bend White Sox (Midwest League).Over three games, he went 4-for-7 with 3 RBI and a double. His .571 average was the highest among all players in the White Sox organization that year, and <mask> was awarded a championship ring as the South Bend won the league title that season. Building off his interest in the field of sports psychology, <mask> has become an expert on sports parenting issues. He was the co-founder of the Center for Sports Parenting (2005-2011), and has hosted The Sports Edge, a show dedicated to sports parenting issues, on WFAN Radio in New York City since 1998. <mask> was also a co-founder of the Peekskill Robins baseball team (Atlantic Collegiate Baseball League) in 2002. Publishing career

<mask> has edited and published for a number of bestselling authors in a variety of genres. In 2021, <mask> joined Kevin Anderson and Associates, where he serves as Senior Executive Editor at Large.Before joining Kevin Anderson and Associates, Wolf served as Senior Executive Editor of a new business book imprint at Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Prior to landing at HMH, he was a Vice President, Executive Editor of Grand Central Publishing which is part of Hachette Book Group USA. He joined this house in 1993, after being at Macmillan/Collier for eight years as a senior editor. In 2001, <mask> founded the Warner Business Book imprint. Since its inception, Warner Business (now known as Business Plus) has posted close to four dozen bestselling titles on the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and Business Week bestseller lists. A few of <mask>'s bestselling authors include former General Electric CEO Jack Welch (JACK: Straight from the Gut, which was on the New York Times Nonfiction Bestseller list for six months); personal finance guru Robert Kiyosaki (Rich Dad Poor Dad, which was on the New York Times Bestseller list for close to seven years); famed golfer Tiger Woods (How I Play Golf); former Secretary of the Treasury Hank Paulson writing about the 2008 financial crisis (On the Brink), Stanford University professor Robert Sutton's provocative management bestsellers (The No Asshole Rule and Good Boss, Bad Boss); Ted Turner's autobiography (Call Me Ted), humorists James Finn Garner (Politically Correct Bedtime Stories), Bill Geist (Little League Confidential); long-time Ohio politico John Kasich (Stand for Something); Japan-based journalist Robert Whiting (You Gotta Have Wa); economist Stephen Leeb (The Coming Economic Collapse); US Navy Captain Mike Abrashoff (It's Your Ship); and retirement expert Doug Andrew (Missed Fortune 101). <mask> also acquires narrative non-fiction, including the critically acclaimed Little Pink House by Jeff Benedict, which focused on the controversial U. S. Supreme Court eminent domain case of Susette Kelo; an extraordinary World War II story entitled A Tale of Two Subs by Jonathan McCullough, and The Accountant's Story by Roberto Escobar, the surviving brother (and accountant) of Pablo Escobar's Medellin drug cartel, and Righteous Indignation by conservative journalist Andrew Breitbart.<mask> acquired the memoir of long-time CBS anchorman Dan Rather. <mask> is also well known for his passion for sports books. In addition to Tiger Woods, some of <mask>'s other bestselling sports authors include Duke University basketball coach Mike Krzyzewski, Bo Schembechler, Roger Angell, Roger Kahn, Jim Murray, Peter Golenbock, Grant Hill, Keyshawn Johnson, UConn's Geno Auriemma, Pete Rose, Jeff Benedict (Pros and Cons: The Criminals Who Play in the NFL), Mike Sowell (The Pitch That Killed); and Travis Roy (11 Seconds). In his days at Macmillan, <mask> served as the editor of The Baseball Encyclopedia for three editions. During his tenure, he updated many of the key batting statistics that had become inaccurate over time, and he also added new feature to this classic volume which featured players and their statistics of many of the top Negro leagues players and also the top players from the All-American Woman’s Professional Baseball League. <mask> has also penned a number of sports titles himself, his most recent effort being a collaboration with Hall of Famer Cal Ripken, Jr on sports parenting (Parenting Young Athletes the Ripken Way, which was published by Gotham Books in 2006). On the humor side, <mask>'s writing efforts have included Golf Dirty Tricks (Andrews McMeel) and the parody Sports Illstated (Andrews McMeel).With fiction, <mask> has guided the writing careers of several top authors, including Matthew Klein (Con Ed), David Fisher (The Good Guys), and Tim Green, who has written several bestselling thrillers (The Letter of the Law, Fifth Angel, Exact Revenge, The First 48, The Fourth Perimeter). A magna cum laude graduate of Harvard University in 1974, <mask>'s first book (What's A Nice Harvard Boy Like You Doing in the Bushes?) was a diary of his minor league baseball life and was published by Prentice-Hall. That unique writing experience ultimately led to his pursuit of a career in publishing. List of books authored
Good Sports: A Concerned Parent's Guide to Little League and Other Competitive Youth Sports
Coaching Kids for Dummies
Game Day Baseball: The Player's Companion
What's a Nice Harvard Boy Like You Doing in the Bushes? Parenting Young Athletes the Ripken Way: Ensuring the Best Experience for Your Kids in Any Sport (co-authored with Cal Ripken, Jr.)
Playing Better Baseball
Golf Dirty Tricks (co authored by Jim Becker, Andy Mayer and Barrie Maguire)
Ted Williams (Baseball Legends)
Sports Parenting (Training Camp Guide to)
Brooks Robinson (Baseball Legends)
Sports Parenting Edge
A Thing or Two About Soccer (co authored with Michael Teitelbaum and James Buckley)
A Thing Or Two About Baseball (co authored with David Fischer)
A Thing of Two about Golf (co authored with Larry Dennis and James Irwin)
Life for Real Dummies: Life for the Totally Clueless (For Dummies Series) (co authored with Richard Sandomir)
Sports Illustrated: A Parody Issue
Breaking Into the Big Leagues (co authored with Al Goldis)
Baseball...a Laughing Matter! (co authored with Warner Fusselle, Brian Zevnik, Bill Wilson)
The Psychology of Winning Baseball: A Coach's Handbook
The Sports Parenting Edge: The Winning Game Plan for Every Athlete--From T-Ball to College Recruiting

References

Sources
MWLGuide.com

American non-fiction writers
Minor league baseball players
American baseball players
Harvard Crimson baseball players
Long Island University alumni
Living people
1951 births

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<mask> (born October 19, 1951) is an American television journalist, media entrepreneur, author, publisher, and filmmaker who focuses on the changing culture of aging. He is the Founder and CEO of Growing Bolder, a company that produces and distributes health, well-being and active lifestyle content creation for the 50+ demographic. <mask> is a multiple Emmy Award-winning broadcaster, host of the national Growing Bolder TV program, executive producer of the Surviving & Thriving TV program, editor and publisher of Growing Bolder Magazine, and writer, producer and director of the Emmy-nominated documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro. <mask> is the author of Growing Bolder, Defy the Cult of Youth, Live with Passion and Purpose and Rock Stars of Aging, 50 Ways to Live to 100. Education
<mask> attended Indian Hill High School in Cincinnati, Ohio and Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida where he earned a bachelor's degree in Biology. He was captain of the Varsity swimming team and a member of the varsity track team while at Florida State. Career
<mask> is a multiple Emmy Award-winning broadcaster, host of the national Growing Bolder TV program, executive producer of the Surviving & Thriving TV program, editor and publisher of Growing Bolder Magazine, and writer, producer and director of the Emmy-nominated documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro.He's been honored with two Southeast Regional Emmy Awards and is a 4-time Emmy Nominee. <mask> was part of a WESH News team that won the prestigious Alfred I. DuPont Award for their coverage of the Columbia shuttle disaster. <mask> is host of the Growing Bolder TV Show seen on PBS stations nationwide and a blogger for Huffington Post. He is a masters swimmer and set a world record in 2010 in the 200 meter freestyle relay with teammates Rowdy Gaines, Scot Weis and Keith Switzer. <mask> and The Growing Bolder Media Group have been named winners of the 2008 Senior Vision Media Award, presented annually by the Florida Council on Aging to the organization that does the most to present a positive image of aging. Media career
In 1979, <mask> became acquainted with Mike Leonard, a sports anchor at KOOL-TV in Phoenix, Arizona. With Leonard's help, <mask> produced an on-air audition tape and was hired by WJCL-TV in Savannah, Georgia.Six months later, Leonard was hired by the Today Show opening up an on-air position at KOOL-TV. <mask> was hired and returned to Phoenix as weekend sports anchor. In 1981, <mask> resigned to become Vice President of Broadcasting and play-by-play announcer for the Phoenix Inferno, a Major Indoor Soccer League team. In 1985, <mask> returned to Savannah, Georgia as the Sports Director for WTOC-TV. In 1988, <mask> was hired by WESH-TV in Orlando, Florida as a weekend sports anchor. Two months later, <mask> was named sports director and weekday anchor. <mask> won two Emmy Awards and received multiple Emmy nominations for sports reporting while working with WESH.In 2001, <mask> moved from the sports desk to anchor the early morning and noon newscasts at WESH. He was part of the team awarded the Alfred. I. DuPont Award in 2004 for coverage of the Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster. <mask> covered the 1992 Summer Olympics for NBC News Channel and the 2000 Summer Olympics and 2004 Summer Olympics for Hearst Television. In 2006, <mask> resigned from WESH-TV to launch Growing Bolder. In 2011, <mask> became a featured contributor to HuffPost. In 2009, Growing Bolder TV debuted on WMFE-TV, the local PBS affiliate in Orlando, Florida.In 2010, Growing Bolder is distributed by American Public Television and aired nationally on public broadcasting stations. In 2012, <mask> wrote the Amazon best-selling e-book Rock Stars of Aging, 50 ways to Live to 100. Also in 2012, <mask> executive produced and contributed on-air reporting to Surviving & Thriving, a television program about overcoming major life challenges that launched in 2012 on WKMG-TV in Orlando, winning Emmy nominations its first 4 seasons. In 2014, <mask> successfully summited Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Africa with a group of cancer survivors and cancer community advocates. <mask> carried a video camera with him shooting the documentary film, Conquering Kilimanjaro. The film aired nationally on the RLTV cable network, received a 2015 Emmy® Nomination and helped raise funds for LiveStrong Foundation.In 2014, Growing Bolder debuts on commercial television on the national cable network, RLTV. In 2015, WKMG-TV in Orlando becomes the flagship station for Surviving and Thriving. In 2016, <mask> won the 2016 Changing the Way the World Ages Award from Home Care Assistance. In 2016, WESH-TV becomes the flagship station for both Surviving and Thriving and Growing Bolder. <mask> received his 5th Emmy nomination in 2016 for the news feature, The Comeback Queen. In 2018, Growing Bolder returned to public broadcasting stations and is also picked up by Create TV Network, expanding its carriage to 385 stations in 166 markets. <mask> won the 2018 American Public Television PitchFest competition and the $75,000 first place prize for a new pledge program concept called Launch Pad to What’s Next.The 90-minute special debuted in late 2018, and was distributed by American Public Television. Books

 Growing Bolder: Defy the Cult of Youth, Live with Passion and Purpose (1st ed.) Rock Stars of Aging (2012)

Films

 Conquering Kilimanjaro

Athletics
After a 37-year layoff, <mask> began swimming again in 2010. He is now a six-time world-record holder, 7-time national champion and a Pan American record holder in masters competition. In 2012, after a 39-year layoff, <mask> competed in his first track finishing third in the 60-meter hurdles at USA Masters National Track and Field Championships in Bloomington, Indiana. Art
A self-taught artist, <mask> creates abstract paintings in his spare time and has lectured at the Atlantic Center for the Arts in New Smyrna Beach, Florida as keynote speaker at a national quilting conference. External links

 Marcmiddleton.com

 <mask> on US Masters Swimming
 <mask> on Growingbolder.com
 <mask> on HuffPost
 <mask> Middleton Delivers Commencement Address

References

Living people
Florida State University alumni
1951 births

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Bonaventure ( ;  ; 1221 – 15 July 1274), born Giovanni di Fidanza, was an Italian medieval Franciscan, scholastic theologian and philosopher. The seventh Minister General of the Order of Friars Minor, he was also Cardinal Bishop of Albano. He was canonised on 14 April 1482 by Pope Sixtus IV and declared a Doctor of the Church in the year 1588 by Pope Sixtus V. He is known as the "Seraphic Doctor" (). His feast day is 15 July. Many writings believed in the Middle Ages to be his are now collected under the name Pseudo-Bonaventure. Life
He was born at Bagnoregio, not far from Viterbo, then part of the Papal States. Almost nothing is known of his childhood, other than the names of his parents, Giovanni di Fidanza and Maria di Ritella.Bonaventure reports that in his youth he was saved from an untimely death by the prayers of Francis of Assisi, which is the primary motivation for Bonaventure's writing the vita. He entered the Franciscan Order in 1243 and studied at the University of Paris, possibly under Alexander of Hales, and certainly under Alexander's successor, John of Rochelle. In 1253 he held the Franciscan chair at Paris. A dispute between seculars and mendicants delayed his reception as Master until 1257, where his degree was taken in company with Thomas Aquinas. Three years earlier his fame had earned him the position of lecturer on The Four Books of Sentences—a book of theology written by Peter Lombard in the twelfth century—and in 1255 he received the degree of master, the medieval equivalent of doctor. After having successfully defended his order against the reproaches of the anti-mendicant party, he was elected Minister General of the Franciscan Order. On 24 November 1265, he was selected for the post of Archbishop of York; however, he was never consecrated and resigned the appointment in October 1266.During his tenure, the General Chapter of Narbonne, held in 1260, promulgated a decree prohibiting the publication of any work out of the order without permission from superiors. This prohibition has induced modern writers to pass severe judgment upon Roger Bacon's superiors, who were assumed to be envious of Bacon's abilities. However, the prohibition enjoined on Bacon was a general one, which extended to the whole order. Its promulgation was not directed against him, but rather against Gerard of Borgo San Donnino. In 1254 Gerard had published without permission a heretical work, Introductorius in Evangelium æternum (An Introduction to the Eternal Gospel). Thereupon the General Chapter of Narbonne promulgated their decree, identical with the "constitutio gravis in contrarium" Bacon speaks of. The prohibition was rescinded in Roger's favor unexpectedly in 1266.Bonaventure was instrumental in procuring the election of Pope Gregory X, who rewarded him with the title of Cardinal Bishop of Albano, and insisted on his presence at the great Second Council of Lyon in 1274. There, after his significant contributions led to a union of the Greek and Latin churches, Bonaventure died suddenly and under suspicious circumstances. The 1913 edition of the Catholic Encyclopedia has citations that suggest he was poisoned, but no mention is made of this in the 2003 second edition of the New Catholic Encyclopedia. He steered the Franciscans on a moderate and intellectual course that made them the most prominent order in the Catholic Church until the coming of the Jesuits. His theology was marked by an attempt completely to integrate faith and reason. He thought of Christ as the "one true master" who offers humans knowledge that begins in faith, is developed through rational understanding, and is perfected by mystical union with God. Relics
In the year 1434, 160 years after his death, his body was moved to a new church that was considered more fitting.Upon doing so, the head was found to be entirely incorrupt. "The hair, lips, teeth, and tongue were perfectly preserved and retained their natural colour. The people of Lyons were profoundly affected by this miracle, and they chose Bonaventure for the patron of their city. The movement, already on foot, to obtain his canonization received thereby a new and powerful impetus." However, a century later in 1562, the city of Lyons was captured by Huguenots, who burned Bonaventure's body in the public square. In the nineteenth century during Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution, the urn containing the incorrupt head was hidden, after which the church was razed to the ground. The urn has never been recovered.The only extant relic of Bonaventure is the arm and hand with which he wrote his Commentary on the Sentences, which is now conserved at Bagnoregio, in the parish church of St. Nicholas. Theology and works

Writings
Bonaventure was formally canonised in 1484 by the Franciscan Pope Sixtus IV, and ranked along with Thomas Aquinas as the greatest of the Doctors of the Church by another Franciscan, Pope Sixtus V, in 1587. Bonaventure was regarded as one of the greatest philosophers of the Middle Ages. His works, as arranged in the most recent Critical Edition by the Quaracchi Fathers (Collegio S. Bonaventura), consist of a Commentary on the Sentences of Lombard, in four volumes, and eight other volumes, including a Commentary on the Gospel of St Luke and a number of smaller works; the most famous of which are The Mind's Road to God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), an outline of his theology or Brief Reading (Breviloquium), Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De reductione artium ad theologiam), and Soliloquy on the Four Spiritual Exercises (Soliloquium de quatuor mentalibus exercitiis), The Tree of Life (Lignum vitae), and The Triple Way (De Triplici via), the latter three written for the spiritual direction of his fellow Franciscans. The German philosopher Dieter Hattrup denies that Reduction of the Arts to Theology was written by Bonaventure, claiming that the style of thinking does not match Bonaventure's original style. His position is no longer tenable given recent research: the text remains "indubitably authentic". A work that for many years was falsely attributed to Bonaventure, De septem itineribus aeternitatis, was actually written by Rudolf von Biberach (c. 1270 – 1329).For Isabelle of France, the sister of King Louis IX of France, and her monastery of Poor Clares at Longchamps, Bonaventure wrote the treatise Concerning the Perfection of Life. The Commentary on the Sentences, written at the command of his superiors when he was twenty-seven, is Bonaventure's major work and most of his other theological and philosophical writings are in some way dependent on it. However, some of Bonaventure's later works, such as the Lectures on the Six Days of Creation, show substantial developments beyond the Sentences. Philosophy

Bonaventure wrote on almost every subject treated by the Scholastics (see Scholasticism,) and his writings are substantial. A great number of them deal with faith in Christ, God and theology. No work of Bonaventure's is exclusively philosophical, a striking illustration of the mutual interpenetration of philosophy and theology that is a distinguishing mark of the Scholastic period. Much of Bonaventure's philosophical thought shows a considerable influence by Augustine of Hippo, so much so that De Wulf considers him the best medieval representative of Augustinianism.Bonaventure adds Aristotelian principles to the Augustinian doctrine, especially in connection with the illumination of the intellect and the composition of human beings and other living creatures in terms of matter and form. Augustine, who had introduced into the west many of the doctrines that would define scholastic philosophy, was a critically important source of Bonaventure's Platonism. The mystic Dionysius the Areopagite was another notable influence. In philosophy Bonaventure presents a marked contrast to his contemporaries, Roger Bacon, Albert the Great, and Thomas Aquinas. While these may be taken as representing, respectively, physical science yet in its infancy, and Aristotelian scholasticism in its most perfect form, Bonaventure presents the mystical and Platonizing mode of speculation that had already, to some extent, found expression in Hugo and Richard of St. Victor, Alexander of Hales, and in Bernard of Clairvaux. To him, the purely intellectual element, though never absent, is of inferior interest when compared with the living power of the affections or the heart. Like Thomas Aquinas, with whom he shared numerous profound agreements in matters theological and philosophical, he combated the Aristotelian notion of the eternity of the world vigorously (though he disagreed with Aquinas about the abstract possibility of an eternal universe).Bonaventure accepts the neo-Platonic doctrine that "forms" do not exist as subsistent entities, but as ideals or archetypes in the mind of God, according to which actual things were formed; and this conception has no slight influence upon his philosophy. Due to this, physicist and philosopher Max Bernhard Weinstein contended that Bonaventure showed strong pandeistic inclinations. Like all the great scholastic doctors, Bonaventura starts with the discussion of the relations between reason and faith. All the sciences are but the handmaids of theology; reason can discover some of the moral truths that form the groundwork of the Christian system, but other truths can only be received and apprehended through divine illumination. To obtain this illumination, the soul must employ the proper means, which are prayer; the exercise of the virtues, whereby it is rendered fit to accept the divine light; and meditation that may rise even to ecstatic union with God. The supreme end of life is a union in contemplation or intellect or intense absorbing love; but it cannot be entirely reached in this life, and remains as a hope for the future. Like Aquinas and other notable thirteenth-century philosophers and theologians, Bonaventure believed that it is possible to logically prove the existence of God and the immortality of the soul.He offers several arguments for the existence of God, including versions of Anselm of Canterbury's ontological argument and Augustine's argument from eternal truths. His main argument for the immortality of the soul appeals to humans' natural desire for perfect happiness, and is reflected in C. S. Lewis's argument from desire. Contrary to Aquinas, Bonaventure did not believe that philosophy was an autonomous discipline that could be pursued successfully independently of theology. Any philosopher is bound to fall into serious error, he believed, who lacks the light of faith. A master of the memorable phrase, Bonaventure held that philosophy opens the mind to at least three different routes humans can take on their journey to God. Non-intellectual material creatures he conceived as shadows and vestiges (literally, footprints) of God, understood as the ultimate cause of a world that philosophical reason can prove was created at a first moment in time. Intellectual creatures he conceived of as images and likenesses of God, the workings of the human mind and will leading us to God understood as illuminator of knowledge and donor of grace and virtue.The final route to God is the route of being, in which Bonaventure brought Anselm's argument together with Aristotelian and Neoplatonic metaphysics to view God as the absolutely perfect being whose essence entails its existence, an absolutely simple being that causes all other, composite beings to exist. Bonaventure, however, is not only a meditative thinker, whose works may


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 form good manuals of devotion; he is a dogmatic theologian of high rank, and on all the disputed questions of scholastic thought, such as universals, matter, seminal reasons, the principle of individuation, or the intellectus agens, he gives weighty and well-reasoned decisions. He agrees with Albert the Great in regarding theology as a practical science; its truths, according to his view, are peculiarly adapted to influence the affections. He discusses very carefully the nature and meaning of the divine attributes; considers universals to be the ideal forms pre-existing in the divine mind according to which things were shaped; holds matter to be pure potentiality that receives individual being and determinateness from the formative power of God, acting according to the ideas; and finally maintains that the agent intellect has no separate existence. On these and on many other points of scholastic philosophy the "Seraphic Doctor" exhibits a combination of subtlety and moderation, which makes his works particularly valuable. In form and intent the work of St. Bonaventure is always the work of a theologian; he writes as one for whom the only angle of vision and the proximate criterion of truth is the Christian faith. This fact affects his importance as a philosopher; when coupled with his style, it makes Bonaventure perhaps the least accessible of the major figures of the thirteenth century.This is true because philosophy interests him largely as a praeparatio evangelica, as something to be interpreted as a foreshadow of or deviation from what God has revealed. Canonisation
Bonaventure's feast day was included in the General Roman Calendar immediately upon his canonisation in 1482. It was at first celebrated on the second Sunday in July, but was moved in 1568 to 14 July, since 15 July, the anniversary of his death, was at that time taken up with the feast of Saint Henry. It remained on that date, with the rank of "double", until 1960, when it was reclassified as a feast of the third class. In 1969 it was classified as an obligatory memorial and assigned to the date of his death, 15 July. He is the patron saint of bowel disorders. Bonaventure is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 15 July.Places, churches, and schools named in his honour

United States
Bonaventure Condominiums, condominiums in Palm Harbor, Florida
St. Bonaventure University, a Franciscan university, in Allegany, New York
Mission San Buenaventura and the City of Ventura, California, officially named San Buenaventura
St. Bonaventure High School in Ventura, California, United States
St. Bonaventure Catholic Church in Chicago, Illinois
St. Bonaventure Monastery, a complex of religious buildings, built for the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, located in Detroit, Michigan. Solanus Casey served here as the monastery porter from 1924 to 1946, meeting visitors at the friary door. The site is a popular pilgrimage site for Metro Detroit Catholics. Bonaventure Hall, in Sacred Heart Parish Catholic School, in Patterson, California, United States
Bonaventure Residence Hall, in Viterbo University, in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
Buenaventura Boulevard in Redding, California
St. Bonaventure Parish in Huntington Beach, California
San Buenaventura de los Tres Arrollos, a lost settlement in the far NE of Custer County, Colorado
San Buenaventura de Cochiti built in 1628 in [Pueblo de Cochiti, New Mexico] who remains the patron saint for Native American Village who celebrate on 14 July. St. Bonaventure - St. Benedict the Moor (combined) parish, Jamaica, New York
 St. Bonaventure Church, in Paterson, New Jersey. San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, a fictional hospital that serves as a setting in American TV show The Good Doctor. St. Bonaventure Catholic Church, in Davie, Florida
St. Bonaventure Catholic Church, elementary school, and cemetery, Columbus, Nebraska.St. Bonaventure Church, in Allegany,  New York
St. Bonaventure Church, in Glenshaw, Pennsylvania

Canada
The town of Bonaventure, Quebec, Canada
Bonaventure Highway in Quebec
Place Bonaventure and the adjacent Bonaventure Metro Station in Montreal, Quebec
Bonaventure Island and the Bonaventure River in the Gaspé Peninsula Region of Quebec
St. Bonaventure's College, a private Roman Catholic school, in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
St Bonaventure Catholic School, at Edwards Gardens, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
St. Bonaventure School, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
St. Bonaventure Parish, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Lake Bonaventure, in the community of Lake Bonavista, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
St. Bonaventure Parish, Tracadie Cross, in Prince Edward Island, Canada

Philippines
 St. Bonaventure Parish, Mauban, Quezon is the oldest settlement in the Philippines to have been placed under the protection of El Serafico Padre Doctor San Buenaventura in 1647. It is recorded in the writings of Fray Huertas that in 1759 an unknown man wearing the colors of San Buenaventura defended the town from a moro attack. The people of Mauban have since regarded this as a miracle of their Santo Patron. The largest bell in Mauban that was recast in 1843 is named after San Buenaventura and is rung during the Consecration, Angelus and Plegaria. St. Bonaventure chapel or Capilla de San Buenaventura in St. John the Baptist Parish, Liliw, Laguna, Philippines, erected in honor of the Seraphic Doctor, San Buenaventura because of the 1664 miracle were tears of blood were seen flowing from the eyes of the venerated image, which was witnessed by the Cura Parroco, Padre Juan Pastor and 120 witnesses; in recognition of this miracle, the first major bell in the church of Lilio was dedicated in honor of San Buenaventura
 Barangay San Buenaventura, a village in San Pablo City, Laguna, Philippines. Three small chapels can be found within the village in honour of Saint Bonaventura
 St. Bonaventure Parish, Balangkayan Eastern Samar, Philippines
 San Buenaventura, barangay in the Municipality of Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines. Has a chapel dedicated to the namesake saint.St. Bonaventure Chapel in Barangay San Buenaventura, Luisiana, Laguna. St. Bonaventure Chapel in Barangay San Bueno, Sampaloc, Quezon. United Kingdom
St Bonaventure's Catholic School, in Forest Gate, London, England
St Bonaventure's Catholic Church, and Primary School in Bishopston, Bristol. St Bonaventure's Catholic Church, in Welwyn Garden City, England

Latin America
The Municipality of Buenaventura on the Pacific Coast of Colombia
The cities of San Buenaventura in Chihuahua, San Buenaventura in Coahuila, and San Buenaventura in the state of Mexico, all in Mexico

Southern Asia
St. Bonaventure's Church, a 16th-century Portuguese church is situated on the beach in Erangal near Mumbai. The annual Erangal Feast held on second Sunday of January, celebrating the Feast day of St. Bonaventure, attracts thousands of people of all faiths to this scenic spot. The Feast day of St. Bonaventure is celebrated on 15 July every year. St Bonaventure's High School, a school in Hyderabad, Pakistan

Europe
Bonaventura College is a Catholic high school in Leiden in the Netherlands.Works
 Bonaventure Texts in Translation Series, St. Bonaventure, NY, Franciscan Institute Publications (15 volumes):
 On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology, Translation, Introduction and Commentary by Zachary Hayes, OFM, vol. 1, 1996. Journey of the Soul into God - Itinerarium Mentis in Deum translation and Introduction by Zachary Hayes, OFM, and Philotheus Boehner, OFM, vol. 2, 2002. Disputed Questions on the Mystery of the Trinity, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 3, 1979. .
 Disputed Questions on the Knowledge of Christ, translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 4, 1992.Writings Concerning the Franciscan Order, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 5, 1994. Collations on the Ten Commandments, translated by Paul Spaeth, vol. 6, 1995. Commentary on Ecclesiastes, translated by Campion Murray and Robert J. Karris, vol. 7, 2005. Commentary on the Gospel of Luke, translated by Robert J. Karris (3 vols), vol.8, 2001–4. Breviloquium, translated by Dominic V. Monti, OFM, vol. 9, 2005. Writings on the Spiritual Life, [includes translations of The Threefold Way, On the Perfection of Life, On Governing the Soul, and The Soliloquium: A Dialogue on the Four Spiritual Exercises, the prologue to the Commentary on Book II of the Sentences of Peter Lombard and three short sermons: On the Way of Life, On Holy Saturday, and On the Monday after Palm Sunday, vol. 10, 2006.] Commentary on the Gospel of John, translated by Robert J. Karris, vol. 11, 2007.The Sunday sermons of St<mask>, edited and translated by Timothy J. Johnson, vol. 12, 2008. Disputed questions on evangelical perfection, edited and translated by Thomas Reist and Robert J. Karris, vol. 13, 2008. Collations on the seven gifts of the Holy Spirit, introduced and translated by Zachary Hayes, vol. 14, 2008. Defense of the mendicants, translated by Jose de Vinck and Robert J. Karris, vol.15, 2010. The Life of Christ translated and edited by William Henry Hutchings, 1881. The Journey of the Mind into God (Itinerarium mentis in Deum), Indianapolis: Hackett, 1993. On the Reduction of the Arts to Theology (De Reductione Artium ad Theologiam), translated by Zachary Hayes, (Saint Bonaventure, NY: Franciscan Institute, 1996. Bringing forth Christ: five feasts of the child Jesus, translated by Eric Doyle, Oxford: SLG Press, 1984. The Mystical Vine: a Treatise on the Passion of Our Lord, translated by a friar of SSF, London: Mowbray, 1955. Life of St Francis of Assisi, TAN Books, 2010.The Road to Union, written by Thomas J Herbst,Frati Editoridi Quaracchi, 2005
 Pocket Bonaventure, written by Thomas J Herbst, Franciscan friar, Tau Publishing, 2020

References

Further reading

 LaNave, Gregory F. "Bonaventure", in Paul L. Gavrilyuk and Sarah Coakley (eds. ), The Spiritual Senses: Perceiving God in Western Christianity, Cambridge: Cambridge, University of Cambridge, 2011, 159–173. Quinn, John Francis. The Historical Constitution of St. Bonaventure's Philosophy, Toronto: Pontificial Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1973. Tavard, George Henry. From Bonaventure to the Reformers, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 2005 (Marquette Studies in Theology).  .
 Tim Noone and R. E. Houser, "Saint Bonaventure." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bonaventure/. D. J. Dales, 'Divine Remaking: St Bonaventure & the Gospel of Luke, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2017. D. J. Dales, 'Way back to God: the Spiritual Theology of St Bonaventure, James Clarke & Co., Cambridge, 2019. External links

 MS 2/3 Meditationes super Genesim; Novella materia super septem peccatis capitalibus at OPenn

St Bonaventure from the Franciscan Archive. S Bonaventura: Opera Omnia Peltiero Edente (Latin original texts). Colonnade Statue St Peter's Square

1221 births
1274 deaths
Augustinian philosophers
People from the Province of Viterbo
Italian Friars Minor
Catholic philosophers
Scholastic philosophers
University of Paris faculty
13th-century Italian philosophers
13th-century Latin writers
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
13th-century Christian mystics
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Cardinal-bishops of Albano
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13th-century Christian saints
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Neoplatonists
13th-century English Roman Catholic archbishops
Anglican


texts:
<mask> (born July 16, 1937) is an American novelist, composer, and educator. Kropp achieved popular acclaim after the publication of his third and fourth novels One Hundred Times to China and Greencastle. Greencastle was nominated for a Penn/Faulkner Award and was named to one of the American Library Association's "Best Books of the Year" lists in 1985. For this novel the author received the "Illinois Author of the Year" award from the Illinois Association of Teachers of English (IATE). His books have been favorably reviewed in many journals and newspapers in the United States, Great Britain, and Spain. Career

<mask> was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan and attended both the University of Pittsburgh and Ohio State University. His first short story was published in a university magazine and he also published poems and critical essays in a small-press journals.Never very prolific as a writer of short stories, <mask> developed an early discipline for the novel form. His first novel, The Drift, was published in hardcover in 1969 (Doubleday) and in another hardcover edition in Great Britain (Victor Gollancz) and enjoyed mass market paperback reprints in 1971 (Belmont Books) and 1979 (Leisure Books). The story is a fantasy based on an old nautical legend about an island made of derelict ships floating in the Sargasso Sea. For the denizens of the island, land is only a legend. The Drift was the first property acquired by Michael Douglas' film production company, Bigstick Productions, in November 1969. <mask>'s second novel, Who Is Mary Stark?, was published in hardcover (Doubleday) in 1974 and in paperback (Avon) in 1980. In Madrid it was republished by Martinez-Roca translated into Spanish.The plot of Who Is Mary Stark? centers around a mysterious woman who commits suicide in a mental hospital and the subsequent attempt of two young men to discover what part she played in their respective lives years earlier. Instead of moving chronologically, the novel moves in reverse toward the secret of the woman's identity. Who Is Mary Stark? garnered many positive reviews in journals and newspapers across the United States. <mask>'s 1979 opus, One Hundred Times to China was also published by Doubleday and became a staple of many American high schools' required reading lists. Although not a novel targeted toward young adults, the book was very popular with a generation of literate young readers throughout the 1980s and 1990s.This post-apocalyptic tale of a man trying to shepherd his wife and children to the safety of a secret mountain cabin resonates with Kropp's impeccably crafted tension and trademark gentleness, with a focus on humanity's better angels. In 1987 Kropp published Greencastle (Freundlich Books), the award-winning novel for which he is best known. A lyrical coming-of-age story set in the early 1950s, Greencastle tells the tale of three boys who love mystery and science fiction. Roger, the protagonist, organizes a club called The Denizens of the Sacred Crypt. He finds that in his small, conservative New Jersey town, he must face down bigotry, class-struggles, teen-age cruelty, and serious misunderstandings at the hands of his school teachers. In spite of some strange and unsettling events, Greencastle is a nostalgic look at a lost world. In the late 1960s <mask> taught for two years at Otterbein College.From 1970 to 1975 He taught in the Creative Writing program at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro where he also taught American Literature, Victorian Literature, and a course of his own design in fantasy and science fiction. In 1975 he joined the English faculty at Southern Illinois University Edwardsville where he taught until he retired as a senior professor in 2002. While at SIUE he taught a wide range of courses: fiction and poetry writing, The American Novel, Shakespeare, American Literature, Victorian Literature, Classical Mythology, Literary Criticism, Literary Editing, Egyptian Hieroglyphs, summer seminars in Creativity and Composition for high school teachers, and courses in music and writing for psychotic adolescents at the Alton Mental Health Clinic. His formal academic specialty was in Literary Theory. During his years teaching at SIUE he won a Distinguished Performance Award from the School of Humanities and was twice nominated for the Distinguished Teaching Award. Other projects

Kropp is also an accomplished musician and composer. In addition to his concert work, he composed the background score for Lawrence Lee's The American as Faust, which was performed in concert in Pittsburgh and also broadcast on Public Television.Recent

At the present time (2007) <mask> lectures around the country, most recently at the Archon (convention) in Collinsville, Illinois where he gave a presentation on "Ancient Egypt: an Alien Mind." At the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities at the University of Toronto, <mask> lectured on "How Does a Story Mean? : Narrative Structure in an Ancient Egyptian Tale." His fourth novel, Greencastle, is currently in development with a major motion picture company. He has written two additional novels, The Book of Thoth and Lady of the Lake, both of which are currently in submission. His current project is The Devil at Simon Episcopus, the story of a brutal murder at a conservative Christian college somewhere in the Midwest. <mask> is still composing music and working as a cafe pianist at Nerudas in Edwardsville, Illinois.He is married to Dr. <mask>, a former dancer and teacher at the English Department at SIUE. They have two children. Bibliography

 The Drift (1969)
 Who Is Mary Stark (1974)
 One Hundred Times to China (1979)
 Greencastle (1987)

Quotes

"Writing is a lonely profession. Teaching gives my life a kind of resonance. It's nice to reaffirm the idea that you're part of something, that you contribute to other people's understanding of things directly. There's a sense of being part of a community, and I think a lot of writers don't have that." "...he wondered now if the reason that he could not find his consciousness was that not all of it was inside of him.Perhaps consciousness was not a thing, but a meeting place. It was like Pangborn's bookstore. You wandered through the Forest of Symbols. You reached out to the books, and the books reached out to you, and the meeting place was a magic space somewhere in between." —excerpted from Greencastle

References

External links

20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American male composers
21st-century American composers
Southern Illinois University faculty
Otterbein University faculty
Ohio State University alumni
Writers from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Living people
People from Edwardsville, Illinois
1937 births
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Illinois
Novelists from Ohio
Novelists from Michigan
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Lloyd Edward Kropp
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texts:
<mask> "Steve" <mask> (August 21, 1891 – June 28, 1966) was an American Ku Klux Klan (KKK) leader, convicted rapist and murderer. In 1923 he was appointed Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan and head of Klan recruiting for seven other states. Later that year, he led those groups to independence from the national KKK organization. Amassing wealth and political power in Indiana politics, he was one of the most prominent national Klan leaders. "He was viewed as responsible for reviving the Klan and widening its base, and considered the most powerful man in Indiana". He had close relationships with numerous Indiana politicians, especially Governor Edward L. Jackson. In <mask> v. State (1925) <mask> was tried for and convicted of the abduction, rape, and murder of a young white woman, Madge Oberholtzer, a state education official.His trial, conviction and imprisonment ended the portrayal of Klan leaders as law abiding. The case destroyed the Klan as a political force in Indiana, and significantly damaged its standing nationally. Denied a pardon by Governor Jackson, in 1927 he started talking with reporters for the Indianapolis Times and released a list of elected and other officials who had been in the pay of the Klan. This led to a wave of indictments in Indiana, more national scandals, the rapid loss of tens of thousands of members, and the end of the second wave of Klan activity in the late 1920s. <mask>'s burial in USVA Mountain Home National Cemetery in Johnson City, Tennessee also led to Congress passing restrictions barring serious sex offenders or those convicted of capital crimes from burial in veterans' cemeteries. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Houston, Texas on August 21, 1891, and moved as a child with his family to Maysville, Oklahoma. After some public schooling, he started work as a printer's apprentice.During World War I, he enlisted in the Army and completed officers' training. He never served overseas, but his training proved useful when he organized and led groups. Klansman

In 1920 at the age of 29, he moved to Evansville, Indiana, where he worked for a retail coal company. He joined the Democratic Party and in 1922, ran unsuccessfully for a Democratic Congressional nomination. He was said to have already "married and abandoned two wives" before settling in Evansville. Joseph M. Huffington, whom the Ku Klux Klan had sent from Texas as an agent for organizing in Evansville, recruited <mask> to the group's inner circle. The historian Leonard Moore characterized them as both young men on the make.The Evansville Klavern became the most powerful in the state, and <mask> soon contributed to attracting numerous new members. More than 5,400 men, or 23 percent of the native-born white men in Vanderburgh County, ultimately joined the Klan. Building on the momentum, <mask> set up a base in Indianapolis, where he helped create the Klan's state newspaper, Fiery Cross. He quickly recruited new agents and organizers, building on news about the organization. Protestant ministers were offered free membership. From July 1922 to July 1923, nearly 2,000 new members joined the Klan each week in Indiana. Hiram Wesley Evans, who led recruiting for the national organization, maintained close ties to state leaders throughout 1921–1922 and he was especially close to <mask>, because by then, Indiana had the largest state Klan organization.<mask> backed Evans in November 1922 when he unseated William J. Simmons as Imperial Wizard of the national KKK. Evans had ambitions to make the Klan a political force in the country. After Evans won, he officially appointed <mask> as Grand Dragon of Indiana. Privately he made him head of recruiting for seven other states north of Mississippi. In the 1920s, Klan membership grew dramatically in these states. In Indiana, membership grew to nearly 250,000 or about one third of all white males in the state. <mask> acquired great wealth and political power by leading the Klan; agents received a portion of fees paid by new recruits, and he began to wield other powers.Evans, who had a monopoly on the sale of Klan uniforms and paraphernalia, appointed <mask> as Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klan at a 1923 Fourth of July gathering of the Klan in Kokomo, Indiana, with more than 100,000 members and their families in attendance. <mask> said,

My worthy subjects, citizens of the Invisible Empire, Klansmen all, greetings. It grieves me to be late. The President of the United States kept me unduly long counseling on matters of state. Only my plea that this is the time and the place of my coronation obtained for me surcease from his prayers for guidance. Encouraged by his success, in September 1923, <mask> severed his ties with the existing national organization of the KKK, and formed a rival KKK that was made up of the chapters which he led. That year <mask> changed his affiliation from the Democratic to the Republican Party, which was predominant in Indiana and much of the Midwest.He supported Republican Edward L. Jackson, who was rumored to be a Klan member, when Jackson ran successfully for governor in 1924. <mask> once claimed, "I am the law in Indiana." Shortly after, on May 12, 1924, at an assembly in the Cadle Tabernacle in Indianapolis, he said:"God help the man who issues a proclamation of war against the Klan in Indiana now ... We are going to Klux Indiana as she has never been Kluxed before ... I'll appeal to the ministers of Indiana to do the praying for the Ku Klux Klan and I'll do the scrapping for it ... And the fiery cross is going to burn at every crossroads in Indiana, as long as there is a white man left in the state." Convicted of murder
Publicly a Prohibitionist and a defender of "Protestant womanhood," <mask> was tried in 1925 for the rape and murder of Madge Oberholtzer, a young state employee who ran a state program to combat adult illiteracy. During the trial, the Klan's image as upholders of law and morality was gravely weakened as it was proven that <mask> and many of his associates were in private womanizers and alcoholics. The scandal of the charges and trial led to the rapid decline in  the "Second Wave" of Klan activity.<mask> was convicted of the abduction, forced intoxication, and rape of Oberholtzer. His abuse led to her suicide attempt while she was still in his captivity. Because the suicide attempt eventually caused Oberholtzer's death, <mask> was also charged with murder. <mask> had bitten her many times during his attack. The attending doctor described her condition as consisting of a significant bite on her breast. He later testified that the bite wounds that <mask> inflicted on her were a leading contributor to her death due to a staph infection that eventually reached her lungs. The doctor also testified that she could have been saved if she had been given medical attention sooner.In her dying declaration, Oberholtzer claimed that <mask> had refused to give her medical attention unless she agreed to marry him first. The jury convicted <mask> of second-degree murder on November 14, 1925, on its first ballot. <mask> was sentenced to life in prison on November 16, 1925. After his conviction, Governor Edward L. Jackson refused to grant <mask> clemency or commute his sentence. On September 9, 1927, <mask> released lists of public officials who were or had been on the Klan payroll. The Indianapolis Times interviewed <mask> and proceeded with an extended investigation of the Klan's political ties. (The Times won a Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its investigative reporting.)This publicity and the state's crackdown on Klan activity sped up the decline of the organization by the end of the 1920s. The KKK suffered a dramatic nationwide loss of reputation and its membership rapidly fell from 5 million in 1925; few Klan members were counted in the organization's former Midwestern stronghold soon after. The state filed indictments against Governor Jackson; George V. "<mask><mask>, chairman of the Marion County Republican Party; and attorney Robert I. Marsh, charging them with conspiring to bribe former Governor <mask>. The mayor of Indianapolis, <mask>, was convicted and sentenced to jail for 30 days (and barred from political service for four years). Some Republican commissioners of Marion County resigned from their posts after being charged with accepting bribes from the Klan and Stephenson. Later years
On January 7, 1941, the Valparaiso Vidette-Messenger reported that Governor M<mask> Townsend, a Democrat, was considering granting an early parole to <mask>. No parole was approved that year.<mask> was paroled on March 23, 1950, by a Democratic administration, but violated parole by disappearing on or before September 25, 1950. On December 15, 1950, he was captured in Minneapolis, Minnesota and returned to custody. He was sentenced in 1951 to serve 10 years in prison. In 1953, he pleaded for release, denying that he had been a leader of the Klan. On December 22, 1956, the state paroled him on condition that he leave Indiana and never return. <mask> moved to Seymour, Indiana, where he soon married <mask>. They were separated in 1962 when he left and never returned.Martha petitioned for and was granted a divorce in Jackson County Circuit Court in Brownstown in 1971, not knowing that he had remarried and died in 1966. <mask> then moved to Jonesborough, Tennessee (briefly spelled as Jonesboro during this time), where he was employed at the Herald & Tribune newspaper, and where he married Martha Murray Sutton without having been divorced from <mask>. In 1961, at the age of 70, <mask> was arrested in Independence, Missouri on charges of attempting to sexually assault a 16-year-old girl but he was released after paying a $300 fine because the charges were dropped on grounds of insufficient evidence. He was ordered to leave Missouri immediately. A few years later, in 1966, <mask> died at his home in Jonesborough, Tennessee, and as an honorably discharged veteran was buried at the USVA Mountain Home National Cemetery in Johnson City, Tennessee. Congress later passed restrictions barring serious sex offenders or those convicted of capital crimes from burial in veterans' cemeteries. Cultural references
John Heard portrayed <mask> in the television miniseries Cross of Fire (1989).In <mask>'s alternate history novel K is for Killing (1997), <mask> is featured as the sinister power behind the throne after the isolationist Senator <mask> is elected President of the United States. Easterman reflected the documented predatory sexual behavior of <mask> in the novel. He was portrayed as a politically savvy but unstable ally of Adolf Hitler. See also
Indiana Klan

References

Further reading
 Lutholtz, M. William. Grand Dragon: <mask> and the Ku Klux Klan in Indiana (Purdue University Press, 1991). Moore, Leonard J. Citizen Klansmen: The Ku Klux Klan in Indiana, 1921-1928 (University of North Carolina Press, 1997).Smith, Ron F. "The Klan's Retribution Against an Indiana Editor: A Reconsideration." Indiana Magazine of History 106#4 (2010): 381–400. Leibowitz, Irving. "My Indiana" (Prentice Hall Inc., 1964)

External links
"Indiana and the Ku Klux Klan", Center for History
<mask>, The Stephenson Trial: Internal Klan Conflicts Linked to Downfall of Second Klan in Indiana, Columbia University
"D.C. <mask> Collection, 1922-1978" Collection Guide, Indiana Historical Society, accessed 2012-10-19. "D. C. Stephenson Trial (1925)" <mask>, 2010. University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. ""Murder Wasn’t Very Pretty": The Rise and Fall of D.C. Stephenson" Karen Abbott.smithsonian.com, August 30, 2012. Retrieved November 21, 2017. 1891 births
1966 deaths
American people convicted of kidnapping
American people convicted of murder
American people convicted of rape
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Crimes in Indiana
Indiana Democrats
Indiana politicians convicted of crimes
Ku Klux Klan Grand Dragons
People convicted of murder by Indiana
People from Houston
People from Maysville, Oklahoma
People paroled from life sentence
Politicians convicted of murder
Politicians convicted of sex offences
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Indiana
Indiana Republicans
People from Jonesborough, Tennessee
Child sexual abuse in the United States
1925 murders in the United States
State and local political sex scandals in the United States

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Warren McCray
John Duvall
. Clifford
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Daniel Easterman
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Charles Lindbergh
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Lindsay Dunn
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Doug Linder