texts:
<mask>. D<mask> was a German master carver and builder of hand-carved carousels and amusement rides, who immigrated to the United States of America in 1870. <mask> built the first carousel at Coney Island in 1876. During his lifetime, he built over 40 carousels, several amusements parks, numerous roller coasters and Ferris wheels, and built California's famous Santa Monica Pier. He became famous for creating the unique Coney Island style of carousel carving. Early years
<mask> was born as <mask> on May 24, 1852 in Bad Bramstedt, Duchy of Holstein, German Confederation (temporary occupied by Denmark in second Schleswig War). His father, <mask>, was a master blacksmith and wagon builder. Watching his father, Carl learned how to work with metal and wood.To avoid the coming war, Carl emigrated to the United States. Arriving in Castle Garden, New York City, on August 14, 1870, he changed his first name to <mask>. In low German, the letters I and J look very much alike, and confusion set in as to his initials. Somehow, his name became <mask>. D<mask> instead of J. D<mask>. Settling on Leonard Street in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, he found work as a carver at a furniture factory. Working part-time as a ballroom dance instructor, <mask> met and married <mask>, also from Germany, in 1874. After working in the furniture factory all day, he took scraps of wood home to his apartment and began carving them into carousel animals.Young <mask> assembled his wooden horses and animals onto a circular platform and created his first merry-go-round. In 1876, he installed his ride at Lucy Vandeveer's Bathing Pavilion at West Sixth Street and Surf Avenue. This was Coney Island's first carousel and first amusement ride. <mask> opened a factory at 30 Bedford Avenue in Brooklyn and continued building more carousels. He installed a merry-go-round at a restaurant and beer garden on Surf Avenue, Coney Island owned by <mask>, the inventor of the American hot dog. <mask> installed another machine at Coney Island and then created a large ride for Asbury Park in New Jersey. <mask> began to hire expert carvers such as John Zalar, <mask>, John Mueller and <mask> to help with his expanding business.<mask> and Anna had six children: Anna (1875–1896), Helen (1877–1956), Emma (1879–1938), <mask> (1881–1924), William (1883–1945), Arthur (1888–1970). All except Anna, who died at age 21 as a result of a trolley accident, would work with their father in some way in the carousel business. When the City of New York took his property under eminent domain to build a city park, <mask> moved his family to Crescent Park, in Riverside, Rhode Island. Rhode Island years

In 1886, Colonel George Boyden established an amusement park named Crescent Park in Riverside, Rhode Island, on  overlooking Narragansett Bay. Boyden commissioned <mask>. D<mask> to build a large carousel at the head of a  pier that received throngs of people from the steamboats that cruised up and down the bay. Crescent Park became known as "the Coney Island of the East" during this time. In 1895, <mask> built a larger and more elaborate carousel overlooking the midway.This beautiful ride contains 61 horses, 1 camel, 2 single chariots, and 2 double chariots. He used this ride as a showpiece for prospective buyers to choose the types of carved horses for their machines. <mask> built his workshop adjoining the carousel. Here he would produce many merry-go-rounds for amusement parks in New England and across the United States. <mask>'s daughter, Helen, and her husband <mask> bought the ride from <mask>'s widow's estate in 1930. This carousel, now owned by the city of East Providence, Rhode Island, has been fully restored, is still operating in its original location and was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. In 1985, the Rhode Island General Assembly proclaimed the carousel as the "State Jewel of American Folk Art".In 1987, the National Park Service designated the carousel as a National Historic Landmark. <mask>'s son, <mask>., worked in the shop carving saddles and chariots for his father. In 1920, young <mask> purchased Crescent Park and operated it until his death in 1925 at age 44. <mask>. built an excursion boat, which he named the Miss Looff in honor of his sister, Anna, which cruised the waters of Narragansett Bay, bringing customers from Providence and Newport, Rhode Island, to Crescent Park. <mask>. married Emma Simmons, the sister of <mask>, who had married <mask>. In the early 1900s, <mask> built carousels and figure-8 roller coasters for the Texas and Oklahoma state fairs. In 1909, <mask>. D<mask> built a beautiful carousel with 54 horses and presented it to his daughter, Emma, as a wedding present, when she married Louis Vogel.The ride was installed at Natatorium Park in Spokane, Washington. This ride has been restored and operates today at Riverfront Park in Spokane. California years
<mask>. D., meanwhile, had become enchanted with the possibilities for amusement parks on the West Coast and in August 1910 moved to California, leaving his daughter <mask> and her husband <mask>, son <mask> Jr. and his wife Emma Simmons <mask> to manage the family properties in Rhode Island. <mask>. D<mask> settled in Long Beach and built a factory on West Sixth Street. He purchased property at The Pike, an amusement area on Long Beach's waterfront, and built a magnificent merry-go-round there. The family lived in an apartment above the ride. Son, Arthur, also operated Lite-a-Line, a type of Fascination (game) at the Pike that is still in operation today at 2500 Long Beach Boulevard in Long Beach.It was subsequently moved in the early part of the 21st century. It also houses a small but very detailed and vivid museum in honor of his carvings and ride technology but most specifically <mask>'s Long Beach Pike enterprise. In 1943, fire destroyed the Pike carousel. Son Arthur replaced it with another Looff merry-go-round. In 1916, <mask> with his son, Arthur, designed and built Looff's Santa Monica Pier along the south side of the city's long, narrow, municipal pier. They constructed a large Byzantine-Moorish style "Hippodrome" building to house one of their ornate carousels, now known as the Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome. The Looffs also erected the Blue Streak Racer wooden roller coaster on their new pleasure pier, along with The Whip and the Aeroscope thrill ride.In addition to Santa Monica and the Pike, <mask> built and operated amusement parks and carousels at Ocean Park, Redondo Beach, Venice Beach, and Santa Cruz, as well as Griffith Park in Los Angeles (still in operation) which coincidentally is the carousel that helped inspire <mask> to design and eventually build Disneyland and Disney World. Disneyland Resorts has on display the actual park bench that <mask> sat on as he watched his daughters ride the merry-go-round and day-dreamed about a new type of totally immersive theme park experience. There has also been a Looff carousel horse added to the exhibit at the entrance to the "Moments with Lincoln" attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim. <mask> built a short-lived amusement park in Seattle called Luna Park. The carousel at Luna Park had been planned for San Francisco, but the infamous earthquake prompted <mask> to create Luna Park in Seattle instead. Today that carousel has returned to San Francisco and is thrilling new generations of children. <mask>. D<mask> died on July 1, 1918, in Long Beach, California.After his death, his son Arthur continued to manage the family's West Coast operation, including building the Giant Dipper roller coaster at the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk. The Santa Monica Looff Hippodrome and the Santa Cruz Looff Carousel and Roller Coaster were both designated National Historic Landmarks in 1987. Looff carousels

References

A Pictorial History of the Carousel by Frederick Fried - 1964
Painted Ponies by William Manns, Peggy Shank, Marianne Stevens - 1986
Carousel Art - A magazine for people who love merry-go-rounds-PO Box 667, Garden Grove, California 92642
Art of the Carousel by <mask> - 1984
A History of the American Amusement Industry by William F. Mangels
The Carousel Keepers, An Oral History of American Carousels by Carrie Papa - 1998
Rhode Island Amusement Parks by Rob Lewis and Ryan Young - 1998
A Century of Fun-A Pictorial History of New england Amusement Parks by Bob Goldsack -1993
Dear Old Nat...Spokane's Playground by Nostalgia Magazine - 2003
Early American Wood Carving by Erwin O. Christensen - 1952
Lincoln Park Remembered 1894-1987 edited by Thomas, McCabe and Furtado - 1999
Coney Island: The People's Playground by <mask>so - 2002
Fairground Art by Geoff Weedon - 2003
History of Revere Beach Peter McCauley, City Hall, Revere, Mass. - 1980
The Great American Carousel by Tobin Fraley - 1994

1852 births
1918 deaths
People from Bad Bramstedt
People from the Duchy of Holstein
German emigrants to the United States
American woodcarvers
Amusement ride manufacturers
Carousel designers
People from Greenpoint, Brooklyn
Carousel manufacturers

masks:
Charles I
. Looff
Looff
Charles Looff
Carl Jürgen Detlev Looff
Jürgen Detlef Christian Looff
Charles
Charles I
. Looff
. Looff
Looff
Anna Dolle
Looff
Looff
Charles Feltman
Looff
Looff
Marcus Illions
Charles Carmel
Charles
Charles
Looff
Charles I
. Looff
Looff
Looff
Looff
Charles Simmons
Looff
Charles Looff
Charles Jr
Charles
Charles Jr
Charles Jr
Charles Simmons
Helen Looff
Looff
Charles I
. Looff
Charles I
Helen Looff
Charles Simmons
Charles Looff
Looff
Charles I
. Looff
Looff
Looff
Looff
Walt Disney
Disney
Looff
Looff
Charles I
. Looff
Charlotte Dinger
Michael Immer


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 18 June 1984 in Ares, La Coruña) is a Spanish singer, musician, songwriter and vocal coach. He took part as contestant on different Spanish TV shows such as  Operación Triunfo, The X Factor and won the second series of Tierra de Talento (2020). The singer is internationally well-known because of the quality of his voice and performance. He has released four studio albums: V. O. (2008), Juguetes Rotos (2011), Thank you (2015) and  Ramil y una noches (2019), and more than twenty singles. He has performed in Spain, Latin America and United States. Career
<mask> was born on 18 June 1984 in Ares La Coruña, Spain.When he was three he joined the parish choir of his home town in Galicia. At the age of nineteen he moves to Madrid were he attended singing and musical theatre lessons. His profesional career started in 2005 and since then he has performed in lots of different stages such as streets of London, television, theatres... Between 2006 and 2007 he becomes co-protagonist of the musical PaquitaDora  in the role of Coco Mandala

2008:  V. O. During that year his first album V. O. ("versión original" in Spanish) was released by <mask> as an independent artist. Produced by Edu and Sergio Del Val, the album includes special versions of meaningful songs for the artist.The singles released were Remolino, a cover of the famous song by Cuban singer Francisco Céspedes, Creo en mí, adaptation to Spanish of Believe by Yolanda Adams and El loco version of Il pazzo by Mina. 2009–2010: Battle of the Choirs and other projects
In 2009 <mask> joined the TV show La batalla de los coros on Cuatro, (the Spanish version of the Australian show the Battle of the Choirs). He was part of the choir coordinated by the Spanish singer Marta Sánchez

During that year his song Es mi voluntad becomes part of the Spanish pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 The song reached number 28 among more than three hundred songs. In 2010 he participated on the talent show Tu sí que vales, on Telecinco television channel. 2011–2012: Operación Triunfo (Spanish TV series) and Juguetes Rotos
Enrique took part in the castings for the eight season of the Spanish talent show OT 2011. He became one of the 16 contestants in the famous TV Academy. This show and the OT tour granted <mask> some recognition in Spain.That year he released his second musical project Juguetes Rotos featuring duets with Maria do Ceo, Ainhoa Cantalapiedra and Rosa Cedrón. In 2012 he released Believe in LOVE, Pride Barcelona 2012 anthem. He also funded Mandala Gospel choir in Ares, his home town, that he directs till 2015. He also started working as vocal coach. Between 2012 and 2013 he became a regular guest on the Galician TV show Heicho Cantar on TVG, featuring Mandala Gospel choir in one of the shows. 2012-2018: London, The X Factor and Ramil y una noches
In 2015 he moved to London where he lived for two years. During his time in the capital city he became a street performer (busking).He joined the castings for the new seasons of The X Factor UK, reaching the famous six chairs challenge. Back in Spain, in 2017 he performed with the Black Light Gospel Choir in La Voz and La Voz Kids on Telecinco. But he decided to join the castings for Factor X (Spanish TV series). He was chosen and he went to the live shows on television, reaching the finals. 2019: Volcanes
After his time on The X Factor he went on the Ramil y una noches tour, singing versions of classic songs that he would release on a new musical project: Ramil y una noches. He also launched a crowdfunding campaign to release Volcanes, his new original song and videoclip. During 2019 he released several singles from Ramil y una noches, including covers of songs such as Perdóname written by Beatriz Luengo and originally sang by Ricky Martin, or 18 años an original song by Dalida firstly performed in Spanish by Luz Casal.2020: Tierra de Talento and the American Adventure
In 2020 <mask> became a contestant on the Canal Sur Televisión show Tierra de Talento. Judges such as India Martínez, José Mercé, Diana Navarro, Lola Índigo, Carlos Álvarez and Jesús Reina showed great admiration for his performances. He sang covers of songs originally performed by India Martínez, Vanesa Martín, Rocío Jurado or a medley from the Aladdin original soundtracks (on the role of the Genie). On 25 July he became winner of that season after singing Alejandro Sanz's Mi soledad y yo

During September that same year international media announced that the artist would be flying to the US to record his new album. He would be collaborating with SanLuis, writers of songs for Marc Anthony, Prince Royce, among others. He has also recorded duets in Spain with Diana Navarro, India Martínez and María Villalón produced by Alejandro Romero. In October he releases the single "Soy lo prohibido", originally performed by Olga Guillot, but also other artists such as Natalia Lafourcade or Luis Miguel.During his time in Miami, <mask> collaborates with Latin Grammy artist writing song for his new project. The  Spanish Counsulate in New York invited him to a showcase in 'Roommate Times Square'. He also performed the best of his repertoire in another showcase in Miami. Back in Spain, the artist takes part in a homage to Manuel Alejandro, musician and writer of very famous Latin songs. National press highlighted his performance. A the beginning of December, the singer releases "A tu vera", song written by Rafael de León and Juan Solano, originally performed by Spanish Lola Flores. This release was a present to his fans just before the release of the new song.2021: USA and Latin America - Mentira, Prefiero ser la otra and more
On 22 January the singer will release his new song and videoclip, recorded and filmed in Miami. Canal Sur television invites <mask> to the New Year's special Tierra 2021. The artist sang in Galizian a duet with María Villalón. The chosen song was Lela, previously performed by Dulce Pontes . On the 29 of January <mask> released  Mentira, the first single in latinamerica. The song and videoclip were recorded in Miami and produced by the prestigious duet San Luis. Tierra de Talento (Spain) was the first stage for the first performance of the song.Promotion of the song continued in Panamá, Guatemala and United States. In March, <mask> was performed Mentira and was interviewed on  "Hoy día", a tv show of Telemundo, where he also received a message from his admired Olga Tañón. His new single, Prefiero ser la otra was released on April 2 that year. being popular in Latin America. Its videoclip was directed by Alexander Escorcia, same director of his previous videoclip "Mentira". The song was considered on the "most risky singles", because the singer performed it on the original gender it was written for: female. Esta canción fue presentada en el programa matutino estadounidense Despierta América.TV shows in USA and Latin America (Mega TV and Telemundo), prove the internacional interest for his music. A ranchera version of Prefiero ser la otra was released featuring the Venezuelan singer Karina. <mask> homages Mexico with this version. El artista sigue produciendo nuevos proyectos en Miami que irán conformando su siguiente disco. On the 11 of June Qué trabajo me da is released. The singer describes this song as a mixture of Craig David and Juan Luis Guerra styles. At the end of the year he performed in Osuna and Madrid.Then he started a tour on Latin America on voice and piano format. He visits Panamá, Bogotá, Santiago de Chile, México and Caracas. As a pre-tour promotion two live videoclips were released, directed by David León:  El triste and original of Roberto Cantoral famously sang by José José andFarsante, written by Amaro Ferreiro, Iván Ferreiro and Miguel Conejo Torres. Discography

 Albums

 EP

 Singles

 Collaborations

 Soundtracks
 Believe in Love (Tercera Planta), Pride Barcelona 2012 official anthem. Videoclips

 Soundtracks
 Believe in Love (Tercera Planta), Pride Barcelona 2012'' official anthem. Videoclips

Tours
 2007–2009: Cocó Mandala y Jazz Kidding
 2009–2010: Enrique Ramil Quartet (Galicia)
 2011: Gira OT 2011 (Spain)
 2017–2020: Ramil y una noches (Spain)
 2021: 2021 Tour (Spain, Panamá, Bogotá, Santiago de Chile, Mexico y Caracas)

Musicals
 PaquitaDora – as Coco Mandala, co-protagonist – Spain, 2006 and 2007

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Living people
1984 births
Spanish male singers
Spanish musicians
Spanish composers

masks:
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil
Enrique
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil
Enrique
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil
Enrique Ramil


texts:
<mask>, 1st Baronet (2 July 1792 – 6 February 1872), was an English antiquary and book collector who amassed the largest collection of manuscript material in the 19th century. He was an illegitimate son of a textile manufacturer and inherited a substantial estate, which he spent almost entirely on vellum manuscripts and, when out of funds, borrowed heavily to buy manuscripts, thereby putting his family deep into debt. Phillipps recorded in an early catalogue that his collection was instigated by reading various accounts of the destruction of valuable manuscripts. Such was his devotion that he acquired some 40,000 printed books and 60,000 manuscripts, arguably the largest collection a single individual has created, and coined the term "vello-maniac" to describe his obsession, which is more commonly termed bibliomania. The Collection

In 1808, when Phillipps was 16 years old, he already owned 112 books (largely Gothic chapbooks). Later in life he is recorded to have said that he wanted to own one of every book in the world. Philipps began collecting in earnest while still at Rugby, and his manuscript catalog from 1811, now at the Grolier Club, shows a turn in his collecting from 1808.He continued buying books when he went on to University College, Oxford and graduated in 1815. In 1820, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. A. N. L. Munby notes that, "[Phillipps] spent perhaps between two hundred thousand and a quarter of a million pounds[,] altogether four or five thousand pounds a year, while accessions came in at the rate of forty or fifty a week.". Phillipps would go into book shops and purchase the entire stock; he would receive dealers catalogues and buy all the listings; his agents bought entire lots of books at auction, outbidding his rival the British Museum. His country seat, Middle Hill near Broadway, Worcestershire gave over sixteen of twenty rooms to books. In 1850 at a meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological society (Cymdeithas Hynafiaethau Cymru), Phillips announced that he was seeking to locate his large collection at a location in Wales. He employed a distant relative by marriage, Amelia Elizabeth Guppy, to photograph some of his collection in 1853 including artefacts from Babylon and Utrecht.In 1863, Phillipps began to move the collection as he was fearful that his son-in-law, James Orchard Halliwell, would gain ownership of it when Phillipps's estranged daughter inherited Middle Hill. Halliwell was apparently a book thief (Phillips accused Halliwell of stealing his 1603 copy of Hamlet which he sold to the British Museum minus the title page containing Phillipps' book stamp) and also a destroyer of other valuable old books, cutting out pages to stick them in his scrapbook. At least 105 wagon-loads, each drawn by two horses and accompanied by one or two men, were used to move the collection to Thirlestaine House in Cheltenham over a period of eight months, leaving Middle Hill to fall to ruin. The previous owner of Thirlestaine House was John Rushout, 2nd Baron Northwick, whose important art collection had been sold in 1859 after he died intestate.<ref>[http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31175011660837;view=1up;seq=7 Catalogue of the late Lord Northwick's extensive and magnificent collection of ancient and modern pictures, cabinet of miniatures and enamels...] sold by 'Mr. Phillips'. (1859)</ref> There are thus numerous MSS named "Codex Middlehillianus", "Cheltenham Codex" or "Codex Cheltenhamensis". On his death in 1872 the probate valuation (by Edward Bond of the British Museum) of his manuscripts was £74,779 17s 0d.His success as a collector owed something to the dispersal of the monastic libraries following the French Revolution and the relative cheapness of a large amount of vellum material, in particular English legal documents, many of which owe their survival to Phillipps. He was an assiduous cataloguer who established the Middle Hill Press  (‘Typis Medio-Montanis’) in 1822 not only to record his book holdings but also to publish his findings in English topography and genealogy. The press was housed in Broadway Tower, a folly completed on Broadway Hill, Worcestershire, in 1798. During his lifetime, Phillipps attempted to turn over his collection to the British nation and corresponded with the then-Chancellor of the Exchequer Disraeli in order that it should be acquired for the British Museum. Negotiations proved unsuccessful and, ultimately, the dispersal of his collection took over 100 years. Phillipps's will stipulated that his books should remain intact at Thirlestaine House, that no bookseller or stranger should rearrange them and that no Roman Catholic, especially his son-in-law James Halliwell, should be permitted to view them. In 1885, the Court of Chancery declared this too restrictive and thus made possible the sale of the library which Phillipps's grandson <mask> Fenwick supervised for the next fifty years.Significant portions of the European material were sold to the national collections on the continent including the Royal Library, Berlin, the Royal Library of Belgium, and the Provincial Archives (:nl:Gemeentearchief) in Utrecht as well as the sale of outstanding individual items to the J. Pierpont Morgan and Henry E. Huntington libraries. By 1946, what was known as the "residue" was sold to London booksellers Phillip and Lionel Robinson for £100,000, though this part of the collection was uncatalogued and unexamined. The Robinsons endeavoured to sell these books through their own published catalogues and a number of Sotheby's sales. The final portion of the collection was sold by Christie's on 7 June 2006, lots 18–38. A five-volume history of the collection and its dispersal, Phillipps Studies, by A. N. L. Munby was published between 1951 and 1960. Family
Phillipps married Henrietta Elizabeth Molyneux, daughter of Major-General <mask>, in 1819. This was after the death of his father, who had opposed the match because she lacked a dowry.In 1821, he was made baronet of Middle Hill in the County of Worcester at the age of 29. The honour was the result of his father-in-law's connections with the Duke of Beaufort. He was appointed High Sheriff of Worcestershire in 1825. Phillipps' eldest daughter, Harriett, married the Shakesperean scholar James Orchard Halliwell. While still an undergraduate at Cambridge, Halliwell had collaborated in research with Phillipps. He came to visit <mask> in February 1842 and became attached to Harriett. Phillipps refused to allow his daughter to marry and the couple eloped.Phillipps was enraged by this and maintained a lifelong vendetta against the couple. As the <mask>s had only daughters the title became extinct on his death in February 1872, aged 79. He was buried at the Church of St Eadburgha in Broadway. Items from the Phillipps Collection
Rochefoucauld Grail

Notes
Citations

Sources and Bibliography
 Nicholas A. Basbanes: A Gentle Madness, St Martin's Press Édition, Manhattan, New York, 1995 and 1999, 958 p.: . Retrieved 30 April 2020. A.N.L.Munby: Phillipps Studies, 5 vols. 1951–1960.A BBC Radio 4 play, by Nick Warburton, on the removal of the Phillipps collection to Thirlestaine House was broadcast in August 2010,
  Michelle Moreau-Ricaud: Sir <mask>ps: un bibliophile'', in "Freud collectionneur", Ed. Campagnes première, 2011, . External links

1792 births
1872 deaths
Alumni of University College, Oxford
English book and manuscript collectors
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
English antiquarians
Fellows of the Royal Society
Accidental deaths from falls
High Sheriffs of Worcestershire

masks:
Sir Thomas Phillipps
Thomas FiRoy
Thomas Moeux
Thomas Phillipps
Phillippse
Thomas Phillip


texts:
<mask> (August 19, 1870 – June 20, 1965) was an American financier and statesman. According to historian Thomas A. Krueger:
For half a century <mask> was one of the country's richest and most powerful men. A great speculator, public official, presidential counselor, political benefactor, and indefatigable almoner, his public life provides a clear view of the inner workings of the American political system. After amassing a fortune on the New York Stock Exchange, he impressed President Woodrow Wilson by managing the nation's economic mobilization in World War I as chairman of the War Industries Board. He advised Wilson during the Paris Peace Conference. He made another fortune in the postwar bull market, but foresaw the Wall Street crash and sold out well in advance. In World War II, he became a close advisor to President Roosevelt on the role of industry in war supply, and he was credited with greatly shortening the production time for tanks and aircraft.Later he helped to develop rehabilitation programs for injured servicemen. In 1946 he was the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC), though his Baruch Plan for international control of atomic energy was rejected by the Soviet Union. Early life and education
<mask> was born to a Jewish family on August 19, 1870, in Camden, South Carolina. His parents were Belle (née Wolfe) and <mask>, a physician. He was the second of four sons, including brothers Herman B<mask>, Sailing Wolfe <mask>, and Hartwig <mask>. In 1881 the family moved from Camden to New York City, where <mask> and his brothers attended local schools. He studied at and graduated from the City College of New York.<mask> married Annie Griffin, an Episcopalian, of New York. They had three children: <mask>; <mask> Jr.; and Renée <mask>. <mask> became a broker and then a partner in A.A. Housman & Company. With his earnings and commissions, he bought a seat on the New York Stock Exchange for $19,000 ($552,960 in 2016 dollars). There he amassed a fortune before the age of 30 by profiting from speculation in the sugar market; at that time plantations were booming in Hawaii. <mask> founded the Intercontinental Rubber Company of New York, which dominated the guayule rubber market in the U.S. with holdings in Mexico. His partners in the enterprise were Senator Nelson Aldrich, Daniel Guggenheim, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., George Foster Peabody and others.By 1903 <mask> had his own brokerage firm and gained the reputation of "The Lone Wolf of Wall Street" because of his refusal to join any financial house. By 1910, he had become one of Wall Street's best-known financiers. In 1925 <mask> endowed the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC) Mrs. Simon Baruch University Award in memory of his mother, to support scholars who have written unpublished monographs for full-length books on Confederate history. His mother had been an early member of the organization and supported its activities. <mask> made millions in the US bull market in stocks since 1924. However, he started anticipating a Wall Street crash as early as 1927 and sold stocks short periodically in 1927 and 1928. On September 25, 1929, after the 1929 post Labor Day peak of the Dow, <mask> refused to join a bull pool of financiers to support the declining market.He also advised humorist Will Rogers to exit the market before the crash. "I did what you told me," Rogers told <mask> when the two met after the Black Tuesday crash of October 29, 1929, "and you saved my life". Presidential adviser: First World War
In 1916, <mask> left Wall Street to advise President Woodrow Wilson on national defense and terms of peace. He served on the Advisory Commission to the Council of National Defense and, in January 1918, became the chairman of the new War Industries Board. With his leadership, this body successfully managed the US's economic mobilization during World War I. In 1919, Wilson asked <mask> to serve as a staff member at the Paris Peace Conference. <mask> did not approve of the reparations France and Britain demanded of Germany, and supported Wilson's view that there needed to be new forms of cooperation, as well as the creation of the League of Nations.For his services in support of the war effort, <mask> was awarded the Army Distinguished Service Medal with the following citation: The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Army Distinguished Service Medal to Mr. <mask><mask>, a United States Civilian, for exceptionally meritorious and distinguished services to the Government of the United States, in a duty of great responsibility during World War I, in the organization and administration of the War Industries Board and in the coordination of allied purchases in the United States. By establishing a broad and comprehensive policy for the supervision and control of the raw materials, manufacturing facilities, and distribution of the products of industry, he stimulated the production of war supplies, coordinated the needs of the military service and the civilian population, and contributed alike to the completeness and speed of the mobilization and equipment of the military forces and the continuity of their supply. War Department, General Orders No. 15 (1921)

Interwar

In the 1920s and 1930s, <mask> expressed his concern that the United States needed to be prepared for the possibility of another world war. He wanted a more powerful version of the War Industries Board, which he saw as the only way to ensure maximum coordination between civilian business and military needs. <mask> remained a prominent government adviser during this time, and supported Franklin D. Roosevelt's domestic and foreign policy initiatives after his election. <mask> was also a major contributor to Eleanor Roosevelt's controversial initiative to build a resettlement community for unemployed mining families in Arthurdale, West Virginia.This relationship did not stop the Nye Committee from investigating <mask>'s role in war profiteering. In 1940, responding to pleas to help Harry Truman's shoestring bid for reelection to the U.S. Senate, <mask> provided crucial funding. Presidential adviser: Second World War

When the United States entered World War II, President Roosevelt appointed <mask> a special adviser to the director of the Office of War Mobilization. His offices at this time were at 120 Broadway. He supported what was known as a "work or fight" bill. <mask> advocated the creation of a permanent superagency similar to his old Industries Board. His theory enhanced the role of civilian businessmen and industrialists in determining what was needed and who would produce it.<mask>'s ideas were largely adopted, with James Byrnes appointed to carry them out. It is estimated that these policies cut two years off the time taken to produce tanks, bombers, etc. and caught Hitler totally by surprise. During World War II <mask> remained a trusted adviser and confidant of President Roosevelt, who in 1944 spent a month as a guest at <mask>'s South Carolina estate, Hobcaw Barony. In February 1943, Roosevelt invited <mask> to replace the widely criticized War Production Board head Donald M. Nelson. <mask> had long coveted the job, and responded that he only needed to ask his doctor if he was healthy enough for the post. During the delay, however, presidential advisor Harry Hopkins persuaded Roosevelt that firing Nelson at the army's demands would make him look weak, and when Roosevelt and <mask> met at the White House, Roosevelt declined to discuss the job offer further.In 1944, <mask> commissioned a committee of physicians which developed recommendations for the formal establishment of the medical specialty of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and provided over a million dollars of funding to many medical schools to further this cause. <mask>'s father, <mask>, had been a surgeon and was the first teacher of physical medicine at Columbia. In the same year, <mask> and Dr. Howard Rusk, an Air Force physician, advised President Roosevelt to expand rehabilitation programs for injured soldiers within all the armed forces. After the war, these programs were adopted by the Veterans' Administration. In 1946 President Harry S. Truman appointed <mask> as the United States representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission (UNAEC). On Friday, June 14, 1946, <mask>on–Lilienthal plan, to the UNAEC, which proposed international control of then-new atomic energy. The Soviet Union rejected <mask>'s proposal as unfair given the fact that the U.S. already had nuclear weapons; it proposed that the U.S. eliminate its nuclear weapons before a system of controls and inspections was implemented.A stalemate ensued. <mask> resigned from the commission in 1947. His influence began to diminish, as he grew further out of step with the views of the Truman administration. Park bench statesman
<mask> was well-known, and often walked or sat in Washington, D.C's Lafayette Park and in New York City's Central Park. It was not uncommon for him to discuss government affairs with other people while sitting on a park bench. This became his most famous characteristic. and was also referenced in parody in the 1949 Bugs Bunny animated short, Rebel Rabbit.Winston Churchill and <mask> were personal friends, and Churchill sometimes stayed in <mask>'s New York home when visiting the United States. In 1960, on his ninetieth birthday, a commemorative park bench in Lafayette Park across from the White House was dedicated to <mask> by the Boy Scouts. A life-size bronze of <mask> sitting on a park bench is in the Lobby at Baruch College's Vertical Campus at 1 Bernard Baruch Way in NYC. Both <mask> and Adlai Stevenson chose to donate their personal papers to Princeton University not only out of their mutual admiration for Woodrow Wilson, but also their mutual friend, Dean Mathey. He continued to advise on international affairs until his death on June 20, 1965, in New York City, at the age of 94. His funeral at Temple Shaaray Tefila, the family synagogue, was attended by 700 people. His grave is at Flushing Cemetery, Flushing, Queens, New York City.Thoroughbred racing
<mask> owned a string of Thoroughbred racehorses and raced under the name "Kershaw Stable". In 1927 his horse, Happy Argo, won the Carter Handicap. Legacy and honors
 Baruch College of the City University of New York was named for him. The Saratoga Race Course named the Bernard Baruch Handicap in his honor. He was referenced in an episode of The Dick Van Dyke Show (Season 2, Episode 28 "Divorce"), Leave It To Beaver, The Patti Duke Show, Make Room for Daddy as well as in The Burns and Allen Show and the 1959 Art Buchwald book, A Gift From the Boys. He was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws degree in 1933 by Oglethorpe University. His daughter <mask>, and avid sportsperson, never married.His son <mask> Jr. married Winifred Beatrice Mann, but the marriage ended in a divorce. They did not have any children. His daughter Renee married Henry Robert Samstag. They did not have any children. Purchase of Hobcaw Barony

Between 1905 and 1907, <mask> systematically purchased a total of approximately 16,000 acres (63 square kilometers) of the former 18th century Hobcaw Barony, consolidating 14 plantations located on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean, in Georgetown County, South Carolina. <mask> subsequently developed sections of the property as a winter hunting resort. He later sold the property to his eldest child, Belle W<mask>.Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to The Belle W. Baruch Foundation as the Hobcaw Barony educational and research preserve. The property also includes 37 historic buildings representing the 18th and 19th century rice cultivation industry, and early-to-mid 20th century winter resorts. The entire property was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994. The Trustees of The Belle W. Baruch Foundation subsequently selected the University of South Carolina and Clemson University as educational institutions with a mandate to preserve and study the Hobcaw Barony, including the wetlands forest and coastal ecosystems. The University of South Carolina established the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, and Clemson University established the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences. Both universities have also formed partnerships with other schools in South Carolina that carry out research and educational programs which contribute to knowledge of coastal ecosystems. The Belle W. Baruch Foundation and the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve jointly operate the Hobcaw Barony Discovery Center and provide tours and special programs.Screen portrayals
Francis X. Bushman portrayed <mask> in Wilson (1944)

Larry Gates portrayed <mask> in Funny Lady (1975)

Sam Wanamaker portrayed <mask> in Winston Churchill: The Wilderness Years (1981)

See also
 Continental, Arizona

Notes

References

Primary sources
 <mask><mask>. Baruch: My Own Story (1957). . Two volumes. <mask><mask>. The Making of the Reparation and Economic Sections of the Treaty 1920. <mask><mask>. American Industry in War: A Report of the War Industries Board (March 1921). ed.by Richard H. Hippelheuser; 1941. Scholarly secondary sources

 Cuff, Robert D. "<mask>: Symbol and myth in industrial mobilization." Business History Review (1969): 115-133. online
 Gerber, Larry G. "The Baruch Plan and the origins of the Cold War." Diplomatic History 6.1 (1982): 69-96. Eisenhower worked closely with <mask> in 1930.

 ; online review

 Нехамкин Эрнст.БЕРНАРД БАРУХ. Их помнит Нью-Йорк
 Preclík, Vratislav. Masaryk a legie (Masaryk and legions), váz.kniha (book), 219 pages, vydalo nakladatelství (publisher) Paris Karviná, Žižkova 2379 (734 01 Karvina, Czech Republic) (in cooperation with Masaryk Democratic Movement, Prague), 2019,

External links

 Bernard M. <mask> Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
 <mask> writings and speeches, 1919–1958, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
 <mask> Portrait
 <mask> – Jewish Virtual Library
 Annotated bibliography for <mask> from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
 Brown, Gates: <mask>, <mask>, in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War. FBI file on <mask> at the Internet Archive
 FBI files on <mask> at vault.fbi.gov

1870 births
1965 deaths
American financiers
American investors
American people of German-Jewish descent
Jewish American philanthropists
American political consultants
American racehorse owners and breeders
American stockbrokers
American stock traders
Baruch College
Burials at Flushing Cemetery
Businesspeople from South Carolina
City College of New York alumni
Jewish American government officials
People from Camden, South Carolina
United States presidential advisors
U.S. Synthetic Rubber Program
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
People of the Cold War
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Civilian recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States)

Council of National Defense

masks:
Bernard Mannes Baruch
Bernard Baruch
Bernard Baruch
Simon Baruch
. Baruch
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Nathaniel Baruch
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Baruch
Belle Baruch
Bernard Baruch
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<mask> (born March 23, 1980, in Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor, mixed martial artist and sports commentator. <mask> is best known for his role as the host of the popular weekly television program Human Weapon on The History Channel. He has appeared in multiple television programs including CSI, Days of Our Lives, As the World Turns and The Middleman. <mask> was featured on Extra as one of "America's Most Eligible" bachelors. <mask> is actively involved with  City of Hope National Medical Center, a Cancer Research institute which he was recently appointed to the Board of Directors. Early life
<mask>, of Greek, French and Irish descent, was born on March 23, 1980 in Chicago, Illinois, to <mask>, a homemaker, and George West, who worked for Roadway Services. <mask> resided in Tinley Park, Illinois until the age of 12, then moved to Chicago where he resided until he was 16.At 21, <mask> moved to New York City to study acting. In 2006 he moved to Los Angeles, California. <mask> resides in Miami, Florida. Career

Commentary
<mask> provided color commentary alongside Jon Anik for Bellator Fighting Championships English broadcast in their inaugural season on ESPN. He was then signed by ONE Championship as their lead color commentator. <mask> was called "The Best Color Commentator, Not in the UFC" by Cage Potato

Although <mask> has previously sat in the color commentator seat for MMA events, he was also hired directly by The Ultimate Fighting Championship to handle Play-by-play duties for alongside Dominick Cruz and Michael Bisping for the FIGHT PASS Stream of Shooto brazil. Acting
<mask> began studying acting in 2000 at Act One Studios in Chicago and later improv at The Second City Training Center.In 2003, he moved to New York to continue his studies. There he appeared in television series Guiding Light, All My Children, Can You Tell? and As the World Turns. In 2006 he moved to Los Angeles where he has been cast as Spencer on Days of Our Lives and the street racing badboy Mercury on CSI: NY. In 2008 he was cast in the recurring role of Anvil in The Middleman on ABC Family, but he appeared in only one episode before the show was canceled after its first season. Hosting
<mask> was the host of the hit series Human Weapon on The History Channel with co-host Bill Duff from July 20, 2007, to August 28, 2008. <mask> has also been a host for NBC's YourLaTv, a show featuring things to do and see in and around Los Angeles.He is a regular co-host/contributor for the "MMA Chokehold" segment of Attack of the Show! where he, Blair Butler and Kevin Pereira discuss upcoming MMA events. Podcasting
The Jason Chambers Podcast (TJCP) was launched on Youtube, Spotify and iTunes September 1, 2021. It has been, tongue in cheek, hailed as "...the next best thing to the Joe Rogan Experience" . Twice a week <mask> chats with interesting guest from all walks of life, including Award Winning Author Ben Mezrich, MMA Hall of Famer Matt Serra, BJJ Standout Garry Tonon and Cryptocurrency experts like Charlie Shrem and comedians Bryan Callen  and Russel Peters. TJCP is one of Spotify's fastest growing News & Entertainment Podcast in the USA . Other media
In 2010 he began writing for FIGHT!Magazine. He was also featured as a contestant on the television show "Fear Factor" in 2004. Martial arts
<mask> is a Jeet Kune Do concepts instructor and has a brown belt in 10th Planet Jiu-Jitsu under Eddie Bravo and a black belt under Renzo Gracie. During his time in Israel he learned Krav Maga.

masks:
Jason Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason Chambers
Dale Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Chambers
Jason
Chambers


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<mask> (; ; 19 April 1801 – 18 November 1887) was a German experimental psychologist,
philosopher, and physicist. An early pioneer in experimental psychology and founder of psychophysics, he inspired many 20th-century scientists and philosophers. He is also credited with demonstrating the non-linear relationship between psychological sensation and the physical intensity of a stimulus via the formula: , which became known as the Weber–Fechner law. Early life and scientific career
<mask> was born at Groß Särchen, near Muskau, in Lower Lusatia, where his father was a pastor. Despite being raised by his religious father, Fechner became an atheist in later life. He was educated first at Sorau (now Żary in Western Poland). In 1817 he studied medicine at the  in Dresden and from 1818 at the University of Leipzig, the city in which he spent the rest of his life.He earned his PhD from Leipzig in 1835. In 1834 he was appointed professor of physics at Leipzig. But in 1839, he injured his eyes in the research on afterimages by gazing at the sun through colored glasses, while studying the phenomena of color and vision, and, after much suffering, resigned. Subsequently, recovering, he turned to the study of the mind and its relations with the body, giving public lectures on the subjects dealt with in his books. Whilst lying in bed, Fechner had an insight into the relationship between mental sensations and material sensations. This insight proved to be significant in the development of psychology as there was now a quantitative relationship between the mental and physical worlds. Contributions

<mask> published chemical and physical papers, and translated chemical works by Jean-Baptiste Biot and Louis Jacques Thénard from French.He also wrote several poems and humorous pieces, such as the Vergleichende Anatomie der Engel (1825), written under the pseudonym of "Dr. Mises." Elemente der Psychophysik

Fechner's epoch-making work was his Elemente der Psychophysik (1860). He started from the monistic thought that bodily facts and conscious facts, though not reducible one to the other, are different sides of one reality. His originality lies in trying to discover an exact mathematical relation between them. The most famous outcome of his inquiries is the law known as <mask>'s Law, which may be expressed as follows:

"In order that the intensity of a sensation may increase in arithmetical progression, the stimulus must increase in geometrical progression." The law has been found to be immensely useful, but to fail for very faint and for very strong sensations.Within its useful range, <mask>'s law is that sensation is a logarithmic function of physical intensity. S. S. Stevens pointed out that such a law does not account for the fact that perceived relationships among stimuli (e.g., papers coloured black, dark grey, grey, light grey, and white) are unchanged with changes in overall intensity (i.e., in the level of illumination of the papers). He proposed, in his famous 1961 paper entitled "To Honor Fechner and Repeal His Law", that intensity of stimulation is related to perception via a power-law. <mask>'s general formula for getting at the number of units in any sensation is S = c log R, where S stands for the sensation, R for the stimulus numerically estimated, and c for a constant that must be separately determined by experiment in each particular order of sensibility. <mask>'s reasoning has been criticized on the grounds that although stimuli are composite, sensations are not. "Every sensation," says William James, "presents itself as an indivisible unit; and it is quite impossible to read any clear meaning into the notion that they are masses of units combined." The Fechner color effect

In 1838, he also studied the still-mysterious perceptual illusion of what is still called the Fechner color effect, whereby colors are seen in a moving pattern of black and white.The English journalist and amateur scientist Charles Benham, in 1894, enabled English-speakers to learn of the effect through the invention of the spinning top that bears his name, Benham's top. Whether <mask> and Benham ever actually met face to face for any reason is not known. The median
In 1878, <mask> published a paper in which he developed the notion of the median. He later delved into experimental aesthetics and thought to determine the shapes and dimensions of aesthetically pleasing objects. He mainly used the sizes of paintings as his data base. In his 1876 Vorschule der Aesthetik, he used the method of extreme ranks for subjective judgements. <mask> is generally credited with introducing the median into the formal analysis of data.Synesthesia
In 1871, <mask> reported the first empirical survey of coloured letter photisms among 73 synesthetes. His work was followed in the 1880s by that of Francis Galton. Corpus callosum split
One of Fechner's speculations about consciousness dealt with brain. During his time, it was known that the brain is bilaterally symmetrical and that there is a deep division between the two halves that are linked by a connecting band of fibers called the corpus callosum. Fechner speculated that if the corpus callosum were split, two separate streams of consciousness would result - the mind would become two. Yet, <mask> believed that his theory would never be tested; he was incorrect. During the mid-twentieth century, Roger Sperry and Michael Gazzaniga worked on epileptic patients with sectioned corpus callosum and observed that Fechner's idea was correct.Golden section hypothesis
Fechner constructed ten rectangles with different ratios of width to length and asked numerous observers to choose the "best" and "worst" rectangle shape. He was concerned with the visual appeal of rectangles with different proportions. Participants were explicitly instructed to disregard any associations that they have with the rectangles, e.g. with objects of similar ratios. The rectangles chosen as "best" by the largest number of participants and as "worst" by the fewest participants had a ratio of 0.62 (21:34). This ratio is known as the "golden section" (or golden ratio) and referred to the ratio of a rectangle's width to length that is most appealing to the eye. Carl Stumpf was a participant in this study.However, there has been some ongoing dispute on the experiment itself, as the fact that Fechner deliberately discarded results of the study ill-fitting to his needs became known, with many mathematicians, including Mario Livio, refuting the result of the experiment. The two-piece normal distribution
In his posthumously published Kollektivmasslehre (1897), <mask> introduced the Zweiseitige Gauss'sche Gesetz or two-piece normal distribution, to accommodate the asymmetries he had observed in empirical frequency distributions in many fields. The distribution has been independently rediscovered by several authors working in different fields. <mask>'s paradox

In 1861, Fechner reported that if he looked at a light with a darkened piece of glass over one eye then closed that eye, the light appeared to become brighter, even though less light was coming into his eyes. This phenomenon has come to be called <mask>'s paradox. It has been the subject of numerous research papers, including in the 2000s. It occurs because the perceived brightness of the light with both eyes open is similar to the average brightness of each light viewed with one eye.Influence

<mask>, along with Wilhelm Wundt and Hermann von Helmholtz, is recognized as one of the founders of modern experimental psychology. His clearest contribution was the demonstration that because the mind was susceptible to measurement and mathematical treatment, psychology had the potential to become a quantified science. Theorists such as Immanuel Kant had long stated that this was impossible, and that therefore, a science of psychology was also impossible. Though he had a vast influence on psychophysics, the actual disciples of his general philosophy were few. Ernst Mach was inspired by his work on psychophysics. William James also admired his work: in 1904, he wrote an admiring introduction to the English translation of <mask>'s Büchlein vom Leben nach dem Tode (Little Book of Life After Death). Furthermore, he influenced Sigmund Freud, who refers to Fechner when introducing the concept of psychic locality in his The Interpretation of Dreams that he illustrates with the microscope-metaphor.<mask>'s world concept was highly animistic. He felt the thrill of life everywhere, in plants, earth, stars, the total universe. Man stands midway between the souls of plants and the souls of stars, who are angels. God, the soul of the universe, must be conceived as having an existence analogous to men. Natural laws are just the modes of the unfolding of God's perfection. In his last work <mask>, aged but full of hope, contrasts this joyous "daylight view" of the world with the dead, dreary "night view" of materialism. <mask>'s work in aesthetics is also important.He conducted experiments to show that certain abstract forms and proportions are naturally pleasing to our senses, and gave some new illustrations of the working of aesthetic association. Charles Hartshorne saw him as a predecessor on his and Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy and regretted that Fechner's philosophical work had been neglected for so long. Fechner's position in reference to predecessors and contemporaries is not very sharply defined. He was remotely a disciple of Schelling, learnt much from Baruch Spinoza, G. W. Leibniz, Johann Friedrich Herbart, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Christian Hermann Weisse, and decidedly rejected G. W. F. Hegel and the monadism of Rudolf Hermann Lotze. Fechner's work continues to have an influence on modern science, inspiring continued exploration of human perceptual abilities by researchers such as Jan Koenderink, Farley Norman, David Heeger, and others. Honours

Fechner Crater

In 1970, the International Astronomical Union named a crater on the far side of the moon after Fechner. Fechner Day
In 1985 the International Society for Psychophysics called its annual conference Fechner Day.The conference is now scheduled to include 22 October to allow psychophysicists to celebrate the anniversary of Fechner's waking up on that day in 1850 with a new approach into how to study the mind. Fechner Day runs annually with the 2021 Fechner Day being the 37th. It is organized annually, by a different academic host each year. During the pandemic resulting from COVID-19, Fechner Day was held online in 2020 and 2021. Family and later life
Little is known of Fechner's later years, nor of the circumstances, cause, and manner of his death. <mask> was the brother of painter Eduard Clemens <mask> and of Clementine Wieck <mask>, who was the stepmother of Clara Wieck when Clementine became her father Friedrich Wieck's second wife. Works

 Praemissae ad theoriam organismi generalem ("Advances in the general theory of organisms") (1823).(Dr. Mises) Stapelia mixta (1824). Internet Archive (Harvard)
 Resultate der bis jetzt unternommenen Pflanzenanalysen ("Results of plant analyses undertaken to date")  (1829). Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Maassbestimmungen über die galvanische Kette (1831). (Dr. Mises) Schutzmittel für die Cholera ("Protective equipment for cholera") (1832). Google (Harvard) — Google (UWisc)
 Repertorium der Experimentalphysik (1832). 3 volumes. Volume 1.Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
Volume 2. Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
Volume 3. Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (Oxford)
 (ed.) Das Hauslexicon. Vollständiges Handbuch praktischer Lebenskenntnisse für alle Stände (1834–38). 8 volumes. Das Büchlein vom Leben nach dem Tode (1836).6th ed., 1906. Internet Archive (Harvard) — Internet Archive (NYPL)
  On Life After Death (1882). Google (Oxford) — IA (UToronto) 2nd ed., 1906. Internet Archive (UMich) 3rd ed., 1914. IA (UIllinois)
  The Little Book of Life After Death (1904). IA (UToronto) 1905, Internet Archive (UCal) — IA (Ucal) — IA (UToronto)
 (Dr. Mises) Gedichte (1841). Internet Archive (Oxford)
 Ueber das höchste Gut ("Concerning the Highest Good") (1846).Internet Archive (Stanford)
 (Dr. Mises) Nanna oder über das Seelenleben der Pflanzen (1848). 2nd ed., 1899. 3rd ed., 1903. Internet Archive (UMich) 4th ed., 1908. Internet Archive (Harvard)
 Zend-Avesta oder über die Dinge des Himmels und des Jenseits (1851). 3 volumes. 3rd ed., 1906.Google (Harvard)
 Ueber die physikalische und philosophische Atomenlehre (1855). 2nd ed., 1864. Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Professor Schleiden und der Mond (1856). Google (UMich)
 Elemente der Psychophysik (1860). 2 volumes. Volume 1. Google (ULausanne) Volume 2.Internet Archive (NYPL)
 Ueber die Seelenfrage  ("Concerning the Soul") (1861). Internet Archive (NYPL) — Internet Archive (UCal) — Internet Archive (UMich) 2nd ed., 1907. Google (Harvard)
 Die drei Motive und Gründe des Glaubens ("The three motives and reasons of faith") (1863). Google (Harvard) — Internet Archive (NYPL)
 Einige Ideen zur Schöpfungs- und Entwickelungsgeschichte der Organismen (1873). Internet Archive (UMich)
 (Dr. Mises) Kleine Schriften (1875). Internet Archive (UMich)
 Erinnerungen an die letzen Tage der Odlehre und ihres Urhebers (1876). Google (Harvard)
 Vorschule der Aesthetik (1876).2 Volumes. Internet Archive (Harvard)
 In Sachen der Psychophysik (1877). Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Die Tagesansicht gegenüber der Nachtansicht (1879). Google (Oxford) 2nd ed., 1904. Internet Archive (Stanford)
 Revision der Hauptpuncte der Psychophysik (1882). Internet Archive (Harvard)
Kollektivmasslehre (1897). Internet Archive (NYPL)

References

Further reading

 Heidelberger, M. (2001), "<mask> Fechner" in Statisticians of the Centuries (ed.C. C. Heyde and E. Seneta) pp. 142–147. New York: Springer Verlag, 2001. Heidelberger, M. (2004), Nature From Within: <mask> <mask> and his Psychophysical Worldview (trans. Cynthia Klohr),  Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004. Robinson, David K. (2010), "<mask>ner: 150 years of Elemente der Psychophysik", in History of Psychology, Vol 13(4), Nov 2010, pp. 409–410.APA PsycNet
 Stigler, Stephen M. (1986), The History of Statistics: The Measurement of Uncertainty before 1900, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 242–254. External links

 William James on Fechner
 Works of <mask> <mask> at Projekt Gutenberg-DE. (German)
 Excerpt from Elements of Psychophysics from the Classics in the History of Psychology website. Robert H. Wozniak's Introduction to Elemente der Psychophysik. Biography, bibliography and digitized sources in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
 Granville Stanley 1912 'Founders of modern psychology'' p. 125ff archive.org
 <mask> Fechner 1904 The Little Book of Life after Death Foreword by William James
 <mask> Fechner 1908 The Living Word
 Gustav Theodor Fechner at statprob.com

1801 births
1887 deaths
People from Żary County
German atheists
German Christians
German statisticians
German psychologists
Experimental psychologists
People from the Province of Silesia
Leipzig University alumni
Leipzig University faculty
People educated at the Kreuzschule
19th-century German mathematicians
Panpsychism
Plant cognition

masks:
Gustav Theodor Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
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Fechner
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Fechner
Fechner
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Fechner
Fechner
Fechner
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Fechner
Fechner
Gustav Theodor
Gustav Theodor
Fechner
Gustav Fech
Gustav Theodor
Fechner
Gustav Theodor
Gustav Theodor


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was a Japanese author of proletarian literature. He is best known for his short novel Kanikōsen, or Crab Cannery Ship, published in 1929. It tells the story of the hard life of cannery workers, fishermen and seamen on board a cannery ship and the beginning of their revolt against the company and its managers. The young writer died due to violent torture after arrest by the Tokkō police two years later, at the age of 29. Biography
<mask> was born in Odate, Akita, Japan. At the age of four, his family moved to Otaru, Hokkaido. The family was not wealthy, but <mask>'s uncle paid his schooling expenses and he was able to attend Hokkaido Otaru Commercial High School and Otaru Commercial School of Higher Learning, which is the current Otaru University of Commerce.While studying, he became interested in writing, and submitted essays to literary magazines, served in the editorial committee for his school's alumni association magazine, and also had his own writing published. One of his teachers at school was economist, critic, and poet Nobuyuki Okuma. Around this time, due to financial hardship and the current economic recession of the time, he joined the labour movement. After graduating from school, he worked in the Otaru branch of the Hokkaido Takushoku Bank. In the 1928 general election, <mask> helped with election candidate Kenzo Yamamoto's campaign, and went to Yamamoto's campaign speech in a village at the base of Mount Yōtei. This experience was later incorporated into his book . In the same year, his story March 15, 1928 (based on the March 15 incident) was published in the literary magazine Senki ("Standard of Battle" in Japanese).The story depicted torture by the Tokkō special higher police, which in turn infuriated government officials. In 1929, <mask>'s novel Kanikōsen about a crab-fishing and canning ship's crew determined to stand up to a cruel manager under harsh conditions was published in Senki. It quickly gained attention and notoriety, and became a standard-bearer of Marxist proletarian literature. In July of that year, it was adapted into a theatrical performance and was performed at the Imperial Garden Theater under the title . The full text of Kanikōsen, now the length of a short novel, was not available in Japan until 1948. Kanikōsen was subsequently published three times translated into English as The Cannery Boat (1933), The Factory Ship (1973), and The Crab Cannery Ship (2013), as well as in other languages. Also in 1929, <mask> published The Absentee Landlord, after having worked on several versions.This book describes the hard life of local or immigrant tenant farmers on the northern island of Hokkaido, and their struggle with the way they are treated by rich landowners, as Japan was making efforts to strengthen its colonization of this island and to develop its agriculture and industry. The story is located in the unnamed village of 'S. ', close to the town of Asahikawa, along the Ishikari River valley, about 80 miles North East of Otaru where <mask> was living. The police (in particular the Tokubetsu Kōtō Keisatsu or Tokkō) marked <mask> for surveillance, and in the same year the publication of his new book  in the Chūōkōron magazine became grounds for his dismissal from his job at the bank. In the spring of 1930, <mask> moved to Tokyo and became the secretary general of the Proletarian Writer's Guild of Japan. On May 23 he was arrested on suspicion of giving financial support to the Japanese Communist Party, and was temporarily released on June 7. After returning to Tokyo on June 24, he was again arrested and in July, due to Kanikōsen he was further indicted on charges of Lèse majesté.In August, he was prosecuted under the Public Order and Police Law of 1900 and was imprisoned in Toyotama Penitentiary. On January 22, 1931, he was released on bail. He then secluded himself at the Nanasawa Hot Spring in Kanagawa Prefecture. In October 1931, <mask> officially became a member of the outlawed Japan Communist Party. In November, he visited the house of Naoya Shiga in Nara Prefecture, and in the spring of 1932, he went underground. On February 20, 1933, <mask> went to a meeting spot in Akasaka to meet with a fellow Communist Party member, who turned out to be a Tokkō spy who had infiltrated the party. The Tokkō were lying in wait for him, and although he tried to escape, he was captured and arrested.<mask> was taken to Tsukiji Police Station, where he was tortured. Police authorities announced the following day that <mask> had died of a heart attack. No hospital would perform an autopsy for fear of the Tokkō. Legacy

2008 bestseller
In 2008, Kanikōsen became a surprise bestseller thanks to an advertising campaign linking the novel to the working poor. Translations
<mask>'s principal works have been translated into numerous languages, including Russian, Chinese, English, Korean, Spanish, Basque, Italian, Portuguese, German, French, Polish, and Norwegian. In 1933, The Cannery Boat and other Japanese short stories was published by the International Publishers in New York. The anonymous translator was William Maxwell "Max" Bickerton.Because of censorship, the translation of the title text (Kanikōsen) is incomplete, comprising slightly more than half of the original. The full text of the novel did not become available in Japan until 1948. In 1973, an English translation of <mask>'s two novels by Frank Motofuji under the titles The Factory Ship (Kanikōsen) and The Absentee Landlord (Fuzai jinushi) was published by the University of Tokyo Press under sponsorship from UNESCO. In 2013, The Crab Cannery Ship and Other Novels of Struggle was published by the University of Hawaii Press. In addition to a new translation of the title text (Kanikōsen), the book includes Yasuko and Life of a Party Member (Tōseikatsusha). The introduction is by Yōichi Komori, professor of Japanese literature at Tokyo University. The translator was Željko Cipriš.In 2013, "Kani Kosen: Sebuah Revolusi" was published by the Jalasutra Publisher, Indonesia as an Indonesia version of Takijis work, Kani Kosen. The Crab Cannery Ship ('Le bateau-usine') and The Absentee Landlord (Le propriétaire absent) were published in French in 2010 and 2017 respectively. Takiji Sai
The Otaru Takiji-sai Jikko Iinkai is a coterie of <mask> <mask>'s admirers. They organized an 80th anniversary commemorating <mask>'s death in Hokkaido. Amongst those who attended the 80th anniversary was Norma Field. Katsuo Terai serves as chairman of the Takiji-sai. The larger Takiji Sai tend to be in locales that were important to Takiji's life like Otaru, Akita, and the Greater Tokyo Suginami-Nakano-Shibuya Memorials.Takiji Sai are evening events, and feature a musical program as well as talks on <mask>'s life and works. Suite Slaughter
Suite Slaughter (Kumikyoku Gyakusatsu) is a musical written by Inoue Hisashi, and depicts <mask> from the time he was picked up for questioning in Osaka in May 1930 till his death three years later. The play opened on 3 October 2009 at the Galaxy Theater (Ginga Gekijō) at Tennozu Isle in  Tokyo. After “Suite Slaughter” closes at the Galaxy Theater on Oct. 25, it plans to travel to the Hyogo Performing Arts Center in Nishinomiya, and the Kawanishicho Friendly Plaza in Yamagata. According to The Japan Times, “Suite Slaughter” premiered successfully in its premiere in October 2009 and picked up several prestigious awards. Takiji Library
A Takiji Library was established by Sano Chikara, a businessman who graduated from <mask>'s alma mater, Otaru University of Commerce. The Takiji Library became a centralized source of information.It sponsored the publication of ten books, including a manga version of "The Cannery Ship". The Takiji Library, together with Otaru University, co-sponsored a series of international symposia. The Takiji Library, and the Otaru University for Commerce, co-sponsored an essay contest on "The Cannery Ship". Strike the Hour, Takiji
Strike the Hour, Takiji is a documentary film on <mask>'s life. It was released in 2005. Otaru Literary Museum
The Otaru Literary Museum features several Japanese writers, including <mask> <mask>. <mask>'s bronze death mask is located in the Otaru Literary Museum.Tamagawa Kaoru, the curator of the museum, states that the museum has had a bump in attendance from the “Kani kosen boom”. Tourism
The "Kani kosen boom" has brought a tangible excitement to Otaru city, a city that boasts <mask> <mask>'s grave and has a compelling claim to be his hometown. There are books that describe Takiji “literary walks” for fans to retrace places of significance to <mask> <mask>. As a result of the “Kani kosen boom”, there is also a Japan Tourist Bureau bus tour. The tour starts at the Otaru Literary Museum, a museum that features Takiji, and other Japanese writers. The bus then tours around Otaru, and makes a special visit to the gravesite of <mask> Kobayashi. Takiji Kobayashi Literary Monument

On October 9, 1965, the Takiji Kobayashi Literary Monument was unveiled.The unveiling was held at the Asahi observatory overlooking Otaru City. The monument was built by Japanese sculptor Hongo Shin. Works
Kanikōsen, University of Hawaii Press (January 31, 2013), ,
March 15, 1928 (based on the March 15 incident)
Yasuko
Life of a Party Member
The Absentee Landlord. Translated in English in "The factory ship" and "The absentee landlord" in UNESCO collection of representative works: Japanese series - University of Washington Press; First American edition (1973), ,
”The Dogs That Kill Men”

See also
Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period

References

Bibliography

External links
English translation of “The Dogs That Kill Men” by Bonnie Huie in the Brooklyn Rail
 e-texts of Takiji's works at Aozora bunko
 <mask> <mask>'s grave
 German translation of "March 15, 1928" at Marxists.org

1903 births
1933 deaths
Japanese communists
20th-century Japanese novelists
Japanese people who died in prison custody
Japanese torture victims
Marxist writers
Writers from Akita Prefecture
People from Otaru
Communist writers
Prisoners who died in Japanese detention
Writers from Hokkaido

masks: Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Kobayashi Takiji Takiji Kobayashi


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Truman Virgil "<mask><mask> (September 9, 1907 – December 12, 1987) was a singer, songwriter, bandleader, and actor of the 1930s and 1940s. In addition to performing in occasional motion pictures, he wrote and published 22 songs, several of which were in the top ten on the "Hit Parade". A song he had written in 1938, "In Ole Oklahoma", was named as Oklahoma's state song by the Oklahoma State Junior Chamber of Commerce. Early life and career
Born in 1907 in Eros, Arkansas, <mask> was the youngest of three sons of Louise (née Dobbs) and G. L. <mask>. Truman grew up in Durant, Oklahoma; and according to the federal census of 1920, his father was a policeman in that city. That same census also documents that his father was a native of Tennessee; his mother, of Arkansas. Sporting a crop of red hair as a boy, he got his nickname "Pinky" because his fair skin sunburned easily.His early fascination with music and talent for playing the banjo soon earned him a widespread reputation as a performer. By age 16, <mask> was hired to play on a riverboat in St. Louis with Louis Armstrong's band. During that time he also learned to play the guitar, an instrument that later became an important part of his live shows, both at the RKO Roxy Theatre in New York and at the Biltmore Bowl in Hollywood. "The Object of My Affection"
<mask> came to national attention in the 1930s due to a song he had written while attending the University of Oklahoma, one he composed for a coed at the school, Joanne Alcorn, whom he would later marry. His original composition was subsequently adapted by Coy Poe and orchestrated and recorded in 1934 by bandleader Jimmie Grier. "The Object of My Affection" became a number-one hit late that year for Grier's Coconut Grove Orchestra, featuring <mask> <mask> at vocals (Brunswick 7308). Grier, in fact, asked <mask> himself to introduce the hit song to the public.It was widely recorded by other orchestras and vocalists, although <mask>'s own vocal rendition became the best known and remained the most popular. The Boswell Sisters had a No. 1 hit with the song in 1935. Ella Fitzgerald, who later became one of <mask>'s lifelong friends, chose to perform "The Object of My Affection" as one of two songs she performed at the age of 17, when she competed in an amateur contest at the Apollo Theater in Harlem in November 1934. Film

Following his success of "The Object of My Affection" and a string of other hits, including "What's the Reason (I'm Not Pleasin' You? )", "The Love Bug Will Bite You If You Don't Watch Out", and "If It Wasn't For The Moon", <mask> accepted offers from Hollywood to expand his career into motion pictures. Various studios eventually cast the popular singer in more than a dozen feature films during the 1930s and early 1940s.In 1935 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer groomed him to be an actor as well as a singer, casting him in three MGM films released that year: Times Square Lady, Smart Girl, and King Solomon of Broadway. <mask>, however, preferred to concentrate on his musical career and allowed his MGM contract to lapse. He continued to work in Hollywood through 1938, appearing in such films as Paddy O'Day (1936), Don't Get Personal (1936), and Down in 'Arkansaw' (1938). Independent producer Maurice Conn hired <mask> <mask> to both star in and score four feature films: With Love and Kisses (1936), Sing While You're Able (1937), Thanks for Listening (1937), and Swing It, Professor (1937). Radio and touring again
In June 1937, <mask>'s guest appearance on Eddie Cantor's Texaco Town radio show led to a regular spot on that program; however, Cantor later ended that opportunity when he discovered that Texaco's publicity man was trying to recruit <mask> as his replacement. <mask> recovered from that professional setback by organizing his own swing band in 1938. For more than two years "Pinky Tomlin and His Orchestra" played in theaters, nightclubs, and school proms across most of America, on a whirlwind schedule prepared by the talent agency.The band was successful, but <mask> disliked the constant travel, as he was devoted to his family. After the tour, apart from a wartime stint with the USO, he confined his appearances to occasional motion pictures and television shows. Later life
Largely retired from show business by the mid-1950s, <mask> pursued his longtime interest in geology, which he had studied as an undergraduate at the University of Oklahoma. That interest soon led to his establishing "Pinky Tomlin Oil Properties", an oil- and gas-drilling company that he headquartered in Beverly Hills. He sold the successful enterprise in 1970, although he remained peripherally involved in the oil and gas businesses until a few years before his death. He also occasionally performed after his retirement at charity events in Los Angeles, being especially active in the Beverly Hills Rotary Club. He appeared periodically as well on television.On February 27, 1958, for example, <mask> competed as a contestant on an episode of Groucho Marx's televised quiz program You Bet Your Life. He sang on that episode, at Groucho's request, "The Object of My Affection". Fifteen years later, the song was used in the soundtrack of the hit movie Paper Moon and was featured in the film's accompanying soundtrack album (Paramount PAS 1012 [LP]) The song's title was also used for <mask>'s autobiography, The Object of My Affection, which was published in 1981. Death
Hospitalized after a heart attack, <mask> died at a medical center in North Hollywood, California on December 12, 1987. He was interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. His wife Joanne had died the previous year. Married for 48 years, the couple had two children, Tom and Sylvia.References

External links

1987 deaths
1907 births
20th-century American composers
20th-century American musicians
20th-century American singers
20th-century male actors
American bandleaders
20th-century American businesspeople
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Male actors from Oklahoma
People from Durant, Oklahoma
People from Marion County, Arkansas
Singers from Oklahoma
Songwriters from Arkansas
Songwriters from Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
20th-century American male singers
American male songwriters

masks:
Pinky
" Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Pinky
Tomlin
Pinky
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Pinky
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin
Tomlin


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<mask> (January 19, 1960 – September 17, 2011) was an American radio personality, television host, and actress. Biography
<mask> was the only daughter of <mask> and former Vice President <mask>. Her older brother is former Minnesota State Senator Theodore Adams "Ted" <mask>. Her younger brother is attorney <mask>, the former assistant Attorney General of Minnesota (1990–2000). For her senior year of high school, <mask> attended St. Timothy's, a boarding school outside of Baltimore. After graduating from St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York, she moved to begin a career in Hollywood. Personal life

After she completed her college education, <mask> quickly earned a reputation in the media for being a "wild child", although she claimed many of the rumors were unfounded.She was married three times and had no children, as well as involved with some high-profile men, including reportedly former President Bill Clinton during his time in office. <mask>'s first marriage, to football player Keith Van Horne, lasted from April 9, 1988, until August 1989, when Van Horne filed for divorce. In 1990 she dated rock singer-songwriter Warren Zevon, traveling on tour with him to Australia. She also dated Washington Redskins offensive tackle George Starke. <mask>'s second marriage, from June 21, 1991, to November 1991, was to Greg Malban, a DJ known as Greg Thunder. In 1999, <mask> sold her house in Los Angeles to move to New York to be with her boyfriend at the time, New York plastic and reconstructive surgeon Joe DeBellis. In June 2005 Mondale married Minneapolis musician Chan Poling of the group The New Standards.<mask> and Poling lived on a small farm in Minnesota, where they raised miniature horses until her death. Acting career
<mask> took time off from college in 1981 to move to Hollywood. She worked briefly as an extra and had one speaking line in the TV series 240-Robert. She then returned to St. Lawrence University, in Canton, New York, graduating in 1982. By January 1983, <mask> was back in Hollywood, where she had small roles on TV shows such as Three's Company, Dynasty, and Matt Houston. <mask> was a regular guest on Howard Stern's E! TV show during the late 1990s and early 2000s.Journalism career

<mask> began her journalism career while still in Los Angeles, taking a job at KABC-TV in 1985. She left the station in late 1985 and soon moved to Chicago, getting her first radio break as a helicopter reporter at WMAQ (AM). She continued taking fill-in radio news jobs at various Chicago radio stations, including WCKG-FM. She also was waiting for the pilot of a King World Productions show, "The Rock 'n Roll Evening News", to be sold. Within a few months the show began airing in national syndication, with <mask> working as its Midwest correspondent. In 1986, <mask> signed a one-year contract with powerhouse Chicago radio station WGN (AM) to appear as a frequent contributor to programs. In early 1987, <mask> joined Chicago radio station WCKG-FM as a morning news anchor.In June 1987, <mask> shifted to being the co-host of WCKG's morning show alongside John Fisher. In early 1988, <mask> took a leave of absence from WCKG to collaborate with a Chicago writer on a book about the children of U.S. presidents. In June 1989, <mask> took a job in Minneapolis as an entertainment reporter for WCCO-TV. In March 1990, <mask> quit unexpectedly just a few days before a local magazine was to publish a feature on <mask> titled "Walter and Joan's Wild Child". After leaving WCCO and spending some time in Australia, <mask> became a morning sidekick on WLOL-FM in Minneapolis, where she remained until the station was bought by Minnesota Public Radio in 1991. She also hosted "The Great American TV Poll" on the Lifetime cable channel. In April 1991, <mask> returned to Chicago's airwaves as a morning sidekick at WKQX, working alongside morning host Robert Murphy.<mask> and fellow sidekick Dan Walker were forced out of WKQX in January 1993. After leaving WKQX, <mask> began working in television. In March 1993, <mask> and Robin Leach co-hosted a two-hour special on national television about Madonna titled "Madonna Exposed". In early 1994, <mask> began working as a correspondent for NBC's Today show. In mid-1994, <mask> landed a job as anchor/host of "Q and E", a half-hour weekly celebrity show airing on E!, and was also a regular correspondent for the network's news division. In 1996, <mask> was hired by CBS as a Los Angeles-based correspondent forThis Morning. <mask> also later hosted the E!shows Wild On in 1997 and E! News Live. She worked on ESPN as a reporter on the horse racing events, which lasted two years (2002–2003). She covered for ESPN2 the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association. After ESPN, she co-hosted The World's Greatest Auto Shows for the Speed Channel in 2004 and 2005. She worked for the CBS Television show This Morning. In 2006, after battling brain cancer for the first time, <mask> signed on as a host at WCCO-AM.She remained there until 2009, when she left the airwaves to go on disability because of her cancer's recurrence. In 2013, she was posthumously inducted into the Minnesota Broadcasting Hall of Fame. Film career
<mask> had five speaking lines in the opening minutes of the 1991 film Drop Dead Fred. She appeared in the 1999 film Ground Control as Christine, and narrated the feature documentary film Fritz: The <mask> Story (2008), which details the life of her father and aspects of her own childhood. She also appeared in the short film Mirage (2004), directed by Sayer Frey and produced by Shelli Ainsworth. Illness and death
After a bout of seizures, <mask> was diagnosed with brain cancer in June 2005. In the summer of 2006, the cancer was in remission, but she announced in February 2008 that a small tumor had returned and that she would seek treatment at the Mayo Clinic.<mask> was again diagnosed with brain cancer in August 2009 and was scheduled to undergo surgery later that month. She died from the disease at her home in Minnesota on September 17, 2011, at the age of 51. See also
List of people with brain tumors

Notes

External links

American film actresses
American horse racing announcers
American infotainers
American radio personalities
American television actresses
American television sports announcers
Children of vice presidents of the United States
Deaths from cancer in Minnesota
Neurological disease deaths in Minnesota
Deaths from brain tumor
Motorsport announcers
Actresses from Minneapolis
St. Lawrence University alumni
Women sports announcers
1960 births
2011 deaths
<mask>
American people of Norwegian descent

masks:
Eleanor Jane Mondale Poling
Mondale
Joan Mondale
Walter Mondale
Mondale
William Hall Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Eleanor Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Walter Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Walter Mondale


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<mask>, is an American consultant and politician from Warwick, Rhode Island. A Democrat, she served in the Rhode Island House of Representatives, representing the 21st district, which contains the neighborhoods of Conimicut, Hoxsie, and parts of Hillsgrove, including the T.F. Green Airport. She was first elected to the House of Representatives November 3, 1992, and was defeated in the September 13, 2016, primary election in her bid to serve for a 13th term. Biography
<mask><mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island on 29 December 1945. She attended St. Mary Academy - Bay View in the Riverside neighborhood of East Providence, Rhode Island before attending Annhurst College in South Woodstock, Connecticut graduating with a BA degree in 1967. She earned a law degree from the Southern New England School of Law.Naughton has been active in her community in various capacities, serving on the Board of Directors for: Warwick Chamber of Commerce, the Warwick Historical Society, the Warwick Arts Foundation, the Gaspee Days Committee, the Conimicut Village Association, the Ocean State Lyric Opera, TechACCESS, and the Ocean State Business Development Corporation. Naughton and her husband William C<mask> reside in the Conimicut neighborhood of Warwick at the historic Lockwood Brook Farm, where they raise heritage breed livestock and poultry. She has two children, Christine and William, and six grandchildren. Politics and public service
Naughton was first elected to the House of Representatives 2 November 1992 from District 32, defeating incumbent Michael McEntee in the Democratic primary and Republican Arthur F. Chapman by a margin of 73% to 27% in the general election. Upon downsizing of the House of Representatives from 100 to 75 members in the 2002 election, Naughton ran unopposed and was elected to the 21st District. Naughton was most recently reelected on 2 November 2010 defeating Moderate Party challenger Richard L. Lavallee by a margin of 62.1% to 37.9%, winning in all seven of her precincts. Beginning in January 1993, Naughton served on the Judiciary committee with a four-year tenure on that committee.She had been serving on the Finance Committee since 1997, and was selected to serve as the chairperson of the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment in 2005. Additionally in 2005, she was selected as a Council of State Governments Henry Toll Fellow, and was appointed as chairperson of the Rules Committee. In addition to being a long-standing member of the Environment & Natural Resources Committee, Naughton has served on a number of committees and commissions focusing on natural resources and environmental issues. Between 1997 and 2004, she was appointed to serve as a Legislative Commissioner on the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, and as a member of the Rhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council. She served as chairperson of the Legislative Commission on Aquaculture Development (1995–1998), chairperson of the Legislative Commission to Develop and Coordinate a Collaborative Effort to Formulate a Restoration Plan for the North Cape Barge Oil Spill (1999), and chairperson of the Narragansett Bay Trust Study Commission (2003–2004). She also has served on the Rhode Island Commission on Women, the RI Agricultural Lands Preservation Commission  and the RI Economic Policy Council. Naughton's key legislation in her early years in the General Assembly included an overhaul of the laws regarding aquaculture in the coastal waters of the state.She has also engaged in health care policy issues, serving since 2006 as chairperson of a legislative commission to study blood banking of umbilical cord blood in support of adult stem cell research. Since 2008, she has been engaged in national health care policy issues by serving on the Director's Council of Public Representatives for the National Institutes of Health. During the 2009-10 session of the Rhode Island House of Representatives she serves as the Chairperson of the Rules Committee, Chairperson of the Health and Environment Subcommittee of the Finance Committee, as well as serving on the Environment and Natural Resources, and Labor Committees. <mask> was defeated in the September 13, 2016 Democratic Party primary election by Camille F. Vella-Wilkinson. Selected legislation as enacted
1998-H8308  An Act Relating to Fish and Wildlife—Aquaculture: This legislation created a biosecurity board to assist in carrying out the provisions of aquaculture laws and regulations dealing with diseases among aquatic organisms, introduced species, and quarantine of aquatic organisms. 1998-H8816  An Aquaculture Act:   This legislation was designed to develop and promote Rhode Island's aquaculture industry by creating a "one-stop" permitting process and by designating the Coastal Resources Management Council as the lead agency for the regulation of aquaculture and by creating various mechanisms to assist individuals in the establishment and maintenance of aquaculture projects. 2004-H8359aaa The Rhode Island Bays, Rivers, and Watersheds Coordination Team:  This legislation established the Rhode Island bays, rivers, and watersheds coordination team to provide interagency coordination in the management, restoration, protection, and sustainable economic development of the state's bays, rivers, estuaries, and watersheds.2005-H5182 Student Vision Health Act: This legislation required the department of health to establish a school vision-testing program for children entering publicly funded pre-kindergarten or kindergarten program for the first time. 2007-H6095baa Prevention and Suppression of Contagious Diseases: This legislation included prenatal HIV screening as part of routine prenatal care. 2007-H6166a The Lindsay Ann Burke Act: This legislation required school districts to implement dating violence procedures, and required school districts to incorporate an age-appropriate dating violence education program for grades 7 through 12 health education curricula. 2008-H7962aaa Hospital Infection Disclosure Act: This legislation required hospitals to collect data on hospital-acquired infections and report them to the Department of Health. 2009-H5414aaa Prevention and Suppression of Contagious Diseases - HIV/AIDS:  This legislation enabled health care policies and regulations to reduce vulnerability to HIV/AIDS transmission, protect persons who are infected with HIV from discrimination, ensure informed consent for testing, and to provide consistent terms and standards. 2009-H5798aaa Stroke Prevention Act of 2009:  This legislation enabled state policies to decrease emergency response times for stroke victims and provided for greater emphasis on treatment of stroke and other vascular diseases in Rhode Island. Notes

External links
Campaign website
Legislative homepage

1945 births
Living people
Members of the Rhode Island House of Representatives
People from Kent County, Rhode Island
Politicians from Warwick, Rhode Island
Women state legislators in Rhode Island
Rhode Island Democrats
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians

masks:
Eileen Slattery Naughton
Eileen S
. Naughton
. Naughton
Naughton