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 and Gervinho in a 2–0 league victory over Nice. On 19 January, <mask> scored the second goal in a 3–0 victory over Nancy. On 4 March, Lille officials confirmed that <mask> had signed a new contract until 2015, a deal which also made him the highest paid player in Ligue 1. In his first match after the news, <mask> scored the opening goal in Lille's 2–1 away win over title rivals Marseille. The goal was scored on a left-footed shot from almost  out and was clocked at . On 2 April, <mask> capped his 100th league appearance with Lille by scoring the second goal in a 3–1 win over Caen.The goal tied his career-high for goals in a season and also moved Lille eight points clear at the top of the league table. For his performances in the month of March, <mask> was named the UNFP Player of the Month for the second time in his career. On 19 April, after appearing as a first-half substitute, he scored the opening goal in Lille's 2–0 Coupe de France semi-final victory over Nice. The victory inserted the club into the 2011 Coupe de France Final; the club's first appearance in the competition's final since 1955. On 7 May, <mask> converted a game-winning free-kick goal in the team's 1–0 win over Nancy. Three days later, he was nominated for the Ligue 1 Player of the Year award for the second consecutive season. In the Coupe de France final, <mask> played 89 minutes as Lille defeated PSG 1–0 at the Stade de France.A week later, Lille clinched the Ligue 1 title by drawing 2–2 away to PSG, achieving the club's first league championship since the 1953–54 season and the club's first double since the 1945–46 season. The domestic cup and league title were the first two honours in <mask>'s career. On the day after Lille won the league, <mask> was named the Ligue 1 Player of the Year becoming the youngest player ever to win the award. He was also rewarded with a place in the Team of the Year for the second consecutive season. 2011–12: Final season in France

Ahead of the 2011–12 season, <mask> switched to the number 10 shirt. In Lille's first competitive match of the season against Marseille in the 2011 Trophée des Champions, <mask> scored the team's second goal, which put Lille up 2–0. Marseille would later come back to win the match 5–4.On 10 September, he scored two goals in a 3–1 away victory against Saint-Étienne. Fours days after, <mask> made his UEFA Champions League debut in a 2–2 group stage draw with Russian club CSKA Moscow. In Lille's next league match following his Champions League debut, he converted a penalty in a 2–2 draw with Sochaux. Three days after, <mask> scored the equalizing goal in a 1–1 draw against Bordeaux. After going over two months without scoring a league goal, on 3 December, <mask> came on as a substitute and scored the match-winning goal in a win over Ajaccio converting a penalty—described as an "Antonín Panenka-style chipped penalty". Two days later, <mask> was among several players nominated for UEFA's Team of the Year for the 2011 calendar year. In Lille's final match before the winter break, <mask> tied his career-high for league goals in a season by scoring the team's third goal in a 4–4 draw with Nice.After scoring the goal, <mask> celebrated by paying tribute to Molami Bokoto, a former Lille youth academy player who had died a day prior. On 3 March, <mask> scored both goals in a 2–2 draw with Auxerre. On 18 March, <mask> scored a goal and assisted two others in a 4–0 win over local rivals Valenciennes. In Lille's next match against Evian, <mask> converted a penalty and assisted a goal by Dimitri Payet in a 3–0 win. The following week, on 1 April, <mask> converted a first-half penalty and later assisted another Payet goal to cap a 2–1 victory over Toulouse. On 15 April, <mask> marked his 100 consecutive Ligue 1 appearance, which to date, is the longest current run in the French top flight, by scoring a goal and assisting on another in a 4–1 win over Ajaccio. On 29 April, in a vital league fixture against PSG, he converted his ninth penalty of the season to draw the match at 1–1 cancelling out a goal from Javier Pastore.<mask> later contributed to Lille's game-winning goal after delivering a rabona-style cross into the box, which was laid onto the path of striker Nolan Roux who, subsequently, converted the goal to give Lille a 2–1 win. On 28 April, for the third consecutive season, <mask> was nominated for the Player of the Year award. Two weeks later, he was awarded the prestigious honour ahead of the likes of Olivier Giroud and Younès Belhanda. After capturing the award, <mask> became the second player in the awards' history after former PSG striker Pauleta to achieve the honour in consecutive seasons. He was also included in the Team of the Year for the third straight season. On 20 May, <mask> appeared in his final match as a Lille player against Nancy, the club he had made his professional debut against. In the match, <mask> scored his first hat-trick in a 4–1 win.Chelsea
On 4 June 2012, Chelsea officially confirmed on its website that the club had agreed terms with Lille for the transfer of <mask>. The midfielder agreed personal terms with the club and passed a medical examination. The transfer fee was reported to be priced at £32 million. Upon signing, <mask> told the club's official website "I'm delighted to finally arrive here. It's a wonderful club and I can't wait to get started". <mask> was given the number 17, which was previously worn by José Bosingwa. 2012–13: Debut season and first trophy

On 12 August 2012, <mask> made his debut for Chelsea in the 2012 FA Community Shield against Manchester City, which ended in a 3–2 defeat at Villa Park.A week later, he made his league debut against Wigan Athletic at the DW Stadium. In the contest, <mask> provided the assist for Branislav Ivanović's opening goal and, minutes later, won a penalty, which Frank Lampard converted, earning his side a 2–0 victory. He made his Stamford Bridge debut in the team's next fixture, against Reading on 22 August, he won another penalty from which Lampard converted. <mask> also assisted goals by Gary Cahill and Branislav Ivanović as Chelsea won 4–2 at Stamford Bridge. Three days later, <mask> scored his first goal as a Chelsea player in a league match against Newcastle United after scoring a penalty. Chelsea won the match 2–0. <mask> made his Champions League debut for Chelsea in the team's opening group stage game against Juventus.During December, he scored in back-to-back games, in a 5–1 away victory over Leeds United in the League Cup, and an 8–0 league win against Aston Villa. In January 2013, <mask> scored a goal with his left-foot from 25 yards in Chelsea's 4–0 win over Stoke City, as Chelsea inflicted the first home defeat of the season on Stoke. He scored again in the following game, with an impressive strike from the edge of the area in a 2–2 draw at home to Southampton. On 23 January, he was sent off in the Football League Cup semi-final second leg game against Swansea City for kicking a ball out from underneath a ball boy who was lying on it in order to waste time. Chelsea went on to lose the tie 2–0. Thereafter, he told Chelsea TV that he "apologised and the boy apologised" to each other. It was later revealed that the 17-year-old ball boy had planned before the game to deliberately waste time.On 9 February, he scored on his return from suspension in a 4–1 win at home against Wigan Athletic. On 21 February, <mask> came on as a substitute against Sparta Prague and scored an individual goal in stoppage time, to send Chelsea through to the last 16 on a 2–1 aggregate score.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/21455163"Chelsea 1–1 Sparta Prague] BBC Sport. 21 February 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013.</ref> Again <mask> came off the bench to make an impact for Chelsea, scoring a goal and providing an assist to Ramires, as the Blues came back 2–0 down to salvage a 2–2 draw against Manchester United in the quarter-finals of the FA Cup on 10 March, setting up a replay at Stamford Bridge. On 17 March, <mask> put in a Man of the Match performance at Stamford Bridge in a 2–0 victory over West Ham United, assisting Lampard's 200th Chelsea goal, then scoring a solo goal. On 11 May, at Villa Park, <mask> was the provider of Lampard's brace against Aston Villa, which enabled Lampard to break Bobby Tambling's all-time goal scoring record for Chelsea. However an injury picked up in the same game ruled him out of the Europa League Final.<mask> ended his debut campaign at Chelsea with 13 goals in all competitions. 2013–15: Premier League winner and individual success
One of Chelsea's first games of the season was against Bayern Munich in the 2013 UEFA Super Cup, where <mask> played a vital role in the buildup to the first goal and scored the second, but went on to an eventual 5–4 defeat in the penalty shoot-out. In October 2013, <mask>, as a substitute, scored the game-clinching goal in a 3–1 Premier League clash against Norwich City at Carrow Road, before scoring twice and assisting Samuel Eto'o's first Chelsea goal in a comprehensive defeat of Cardiff City in the same competition. <mask> netted his fifth goal of the season against Schalke in a crucial 0–3 Champions League Group stage win. In October, <mask> was part of the 23-man shortlist of players nominated for the prestigious FIFA Ballon d'Or, awarded to the player who is voted the men's world footballer of the year. On 9 November, <mask> created Chelsea's first goal against West Bromwich Albion, which was scored by Eto'o. Later in the match Chelsea went 2–1 down, but <mask> scored a last minute penalty to clinch a point for his team.On 4 December, <mask> scored a brace in a 4–3 away victory over Sunderland, with coach José Mourinho claiming that <mask> delivered his best performance of the season. Sunderland manager Gus Poyet also praised <mask> for his individual impact on the game, saying he was "outstanding. He was unplayable, as a manager I haven't come up against anyone like that." On 26 December, <mask> scored the only goal in Chelsea's 1–0 victory over Swansea. In Chelsea's next league match, <mask> scored a goal from 25 yards during Chelsea's 2–1 victory over Liverpool. After <mask> maintained his excellent form in Chelsea's 1–0 victory over Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium on 3 February 2014, Mourinho declared <mask> as the best young footballer in the world. <mask> scored his first Premier League hat-trick against Newcastle United at Stamford Bridge on 8 February.On 27 April, <mask> won the PFA Young Player of the Year award and finished as the runner-up to Luis Suárez for the PFA Players' Player of the Year award for his fine attacking performances under José Mourinho. After Chelsea's Champions League exit against Atlético Madrid, <mask> claimed that Chelsea are only set up to counter-attack. Mourinho responded by saying that <mask> "is not so mentally ready" to help his defence, blaming him for the first goal scored by the opponents. In May, <mask> was voted Chelsea's Player of the Year in his second season at Stamford Bridge. Upon Juan Mata's departure from the club in January, <mask> was handed the number 10 shirt for Chelsea ahead of the 2014–15 season. On 5 October, he won a penalty against Arsenal after being fouled by Laurent Koscielny, and then converted it himself past Wojciech Szczęsny to open a 2–0 victory which made Chelsea the last unbeaten team in the league. In doing so, he maintained his 100% penalty record out of 16 penalties.He also became the only player in Europe who has taken more than 15 penalties and scored all of them. His first goals of the Champions League campaign came on 21 October, netting from the penalty-spot and from open play in a 6–0 home win over Maribor. On 5 November, away to the Slovene team, he earned an 85th-minute penalty but had it saved by Jasmin Handanović in a 1–1 draw. <mask> opened the scoring in Chelsea's 2–0 win over Hull on 13 December, with the goal being only the second headed one of his entire career. The header came as a surprised for many, even Mourinho, who stated: "That he scored in the air, I was surprised. He jumps a lot but normally he closes his eyes. So I was surprised, but very good goal."On 12 February 2015, <mask> signed a new five-and-a-half-year contract with Chelsea. After signing, <mask> said: "I've signed a new contract and I'm very happy because I'm playing for one of the best clubs in the world." He played the full 90 minutes in the club's victory in the League Cup Final at Wembley Stadium on 1 March, a 2–0 win over Tottenham. On 18 April, <mask> scored the only goal in a home win over Manchester United, after he latched on to Oscar's backheel pass to score past David de Gea. He was voted Man of the Match thereafter for his performance. As a result of <mask>'s impressive performances throughout the 2014–15 campaign, his manager declared him "one of the top three players in the world". On 26 April, <mask> was recognised as the best player of the season among his peers, winning the PFA Players' Player of the Year.A week later, he scored the only goal as Chelsea defeated Crystal Palace to win their first Premier League title since 2010. He won a penalty after being fouled by James McArthur, and took it himself, heading in the rebound after it was saved by Julián Speroni. On 26 May, <mask> was voted as Chelsea's Player of the Year for the second year in a row. There are only four other players that have done it in the past; Juan Mata, Frank Lampard, Ray Wilkins, and John Hollins. 2015–16: Year of scrutiny
<mask> endured a difficult start to the 2015–16 season, missing a penalty in the Champions League group stage against Maccabi Tel Aviv. On 27 October, in the fourth round of the League Cup away to Stoke, <mask> was the only player to miss in Chelsea's penalty shootout elimination, his attempt being saved by Jack Butland. <mask> endured a 2,358-minute scoreless run across 30 matches until 31 January 2016, when he scored from the penalty spot, his 50th goal for Chelsea in all competitions, in a 5–1 win over Milton Keynes Dons in the fourth round of the FA Cup.In February, <mask> was scrutinised when he said it would "be difficult to say no" to a move to Paris Saint-Germain. He remained scoreless in the league until 23 April, when he recorded two goals in a 4–1 victory at AFC Bournemouth; after the result, interim manager Guus Hiddink insisted that <mask> would remain at Chelsea by next season. For the second

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 consecutive campaign, <mask> scored the goal that decided the Premier League; he came on as a substitute at home to Tottenham on 2 May, and scored an equaliser as Chelsea came from 2–0 down at half-time to draw. The result meant Leicester City won the title at Tottenham's expense. On 11 May 2016, <mask> scored his fourth and final league goal of the season against Liverpool, although Chelsea were unable to hold on to the lead, with fellow countryman Christian Benteke scoring in extra time as the match finished in a 1–1 draw. 2016–18: Premier League winner and first FA Cup win
On 15 August, in Chelsea's opening Premier League match of the season, <mask> scored a penalty in a 2–1 win over West Ham United. <mask> recorded a total of 81 touches throughout the game, and his performance earned him the Man of the Match.On 27 August, <mask> contributed another Man of the Match display in the 3–0 victory over Burnley, scoring the opener in the ninth minute. After voting ended on 5 September, <mask> received the most votes from the public poll, 41%, for the Premier League Player of the Month award although Raheem Sterling was later named the Player of the Month by a Premier League panel. On 15 October, <mask>, along with Diego Costa dedicated their goals to Willian, whose mother had died earlier that week, in the 3–0 victory over the champions, Leicester City. On 23 October, he scored his fourth goal of the season in a 4–0 win over former Chelsea manager, José Mourinho's Manchester United, equalling the number of league goals he managed in the previous season. <mask> continued his excellent form, scoring the first goal and assisting the second in Chelsea's 2–0 win over Southampton on 30 October. This marked the first time that he had scored in three consecutive Premier League games. His run of form continued into the next match as he scored two goals and assisted another in Chelsea's 5–0 win against Everton at Stamford Bridge on 5 November.<mask>'s performance against Everton earned him another Man of the Match award, his third in a row in the Premier League. On 18 November, <mask> was named the Premier League Player of the Month for October. On 26 December, <mask> led the Blues to their twelfth consecutive league victory, a new club record, in the 3–0 victory over Bournemouth. He also converted a penalty for his 50th Premier League goal, making him the sixth Chelsea player to achieve this feat. On 20 April 2017, <mask> was named in the PFA Team of the Year for the fourth time in his five seasons at Chelsea. Two days later, he scored after coming on as a substitute in Chelsea's 4–2 FA Cup semi-final victory over rivals Tottenham Hotspur at Wembley Stadium. At the beginning of the summer, <mask> suffered an ankle injury in training during international duty.The injury ruled him out for 6 to 8 weeks; missing the entire preseason and the Premier League opener. On 25 August, <mask> returned to action, playing 75 minutes for the Chelsea U23 side. On 28 October, <mask> scored his first league goal of the season in a 1–0 win against Bournemouth in the Premier League. On 3 January 2018, <mask> scored in a 2–2 draw with rivals Arsenal. Two goals against Brighton & Hove Albion on 20 January made it 100 league goals in his career. <mask>'s double helped Chelsea to a 4–0 win at Falmer Stadium. On 12 February, <mask> scored a double in a 3–0 win over West Bromwich Albion.In the 2018 FA Cup Final on 19 May, <mask> won a penalty which he converted, sending it low to the right past Manchester United goalkeeper David de Gea for the only goal of the game. 2018–19: Final season in England

<mask> scored on his first start of the 2018–19 season, converting a penalty in a 2–1 win against Newcastle United on 26 August. On 15 September, <mask> scored a hat-trick in a 4–1 win over Cardiff City. He came off the bench to give Chelsea a 2–1 come-from-behind win over Liverpool in the third round of the EFL Cup at Anfield on 26 September. It was his sixth goal in seven appearances to start the season. In the next fixture, against Liverpool in the Premier League, he made it seven goals in eight games, opening the scoring in a 1–1 draw at Stamford Bridge. On 16 December, <mask> scored and assisted a goal for Pedro as Chelsea won 2–1 away to Brighton & Hove Albion in the league, before coming off the bench to send Chelsea through to the EFL Cup semi-final at the expense of Bournemouth three days later.He scored both goals in a 2–1 Boxing Day win against Watford at Vicarage Road, the first of which was his 100th Blues and 150th career club goal. On 8 April 2019, <mask> scored a solo goal against West Ham United which would be voted as Premier League Goal of the Month for April. On 9 May 2019, <mask> scored the decisive penalty in a 4–3 shootout win over Eintracht Frankfurt at Stamford Bridge to send Chelsea to the Europa League Final. His tally of 15 assists for the 2018–19 Premier League season saw him win the Premier League's Playmaker of the Season award. <mask> joined Thierry Henry, Matt Le Tissier and Eric Cantona to become the 4th player in premier league history to record at least 15 goals and 15 assists in a premier league season, and he also became player with most assists and goals for the season – 31. On 29 May, Chelsea won the Europa League following a 4–1 win over Arsenal in the final, in which <mask> scored twice, also assisting Pedro's goal. After the match, <mask> suggested that it probably was the last time he would play for the club.Real Madrid
Transfer

On 7 June 2019, La Liga club Real Madrid announced on their website that <mask> would be signing for them for the 2019–20 season. He signed a contract until 30 June 2024 for a reported fee of €100 million, which could rise to €146.1 million due to additional fees, on a deal worth £400,000 per week. <mask> was formally unveiled in front of 50,000 fans on 13 June at the Santiago Bernabéu. <mask> became Madrid's most expensive player after Gareth Bale, who was signed for €101 million in 2013. Should any of the variables be met, he would become Madrid's most expensive player in their history. <mask> was presented at the Bernabéu without a number on his shirt; he had been wearing the number 10 for both Chelsea and Belgium for a number of years, and admitted that he had asked Luka Modrić for the number at Madrid but Modrić refused to give it away. On 9 August, Madrid confirmed that <mask> would wear the number 7, previously worn by club legends Cristiano Ronaldo, Raúl González and Emilio Butragueño.Upon signing with Madrid, <mask> said "I've dreamt about this since I was little, I always supported Real Madrid" and described it as "a true honour." He listed manager Zinedine Zidane as a defining factor in making the move, as he had always been an admirer of him. 2019–20: League winner and injuries
<mask> made his debut on 14 September 2019, coming on as a substitute in a 3–2 victory over Levante in La Liga at the Bernabeu. On 5 October, he scored his first competitive goal for Los Blancos, right before half time against Granada in his first home league start. In the second half, he also got his first assist which was to Modrić in an eventual 4–2 victory. On 26 November, <mask> suffered an ankle injury against Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League group stage after a rash challenge by Belgium teammate Thomas Meunier. <mask> went on to miss 16 Madrid matches across four competitions, which included the first El Clásico of the season, the Supercopa de España victory in Jeddah and the entire Copa del Rey campaign which ended with a quarter-final exit to Sociedad.At the end of the season he had made 16 league appearances, as Madrid won the 2019–20 La Liga. 2020–22: Further injuries and struggle
On 31 October, <mask> scored his first goal in over a year, which was also his first goal of the 2020–21 season in Madrid's 4–1 home league win over Huesca. On 25 November, he scored his first Champions League goal with Madrid in a 2–0 away win against Inter Milan. On 5 May 2021, <mask> apologised following criticism for laughing with Chelsea players Kurt Zouma and Édouard Mendy after Real Madrid's 3–1 aggregate defeat in the Champions League semi-final. Four days later, <mask> scored his first goal in over three months, a backheel goal against Sevilla in the sixth minute of stoppage time, which temporarily kept Madrid in the title race. In the 2021–22 season, <mask> was playing respectably well early in the season, but Vinícius Júnior, who shares the same position as <mask>, thrived by scoring three goals in the opening two games of the season, causing <mask> to be pushed to the periphery of Carlo Ancelotti's main starting eleven. <mask> then suffered from a minor knock and gastroenteritis.On 20 January 2022, <mask> scored his first goal of the season, a 115th–minute winner against Elche to send Real Madrid to the quarter–finals of the Copa del Rey. International career
Youth
<mask> played for various Belgian national youth teams, such as the under-17 and under-19 teams. With the under-17 team, he was a regular in the team making 17 appearances and scoring two goals. He played with the team in the Toto Cup, a yearly international youth tournament held in Austria and, also, played in the 2007 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship, which Belgium hosted. In the tournament, <mask> scored his only goal in the team's opening match against the Netherlands converting a penalty in a 2–2 draw. The match was a homecoming for <mask>, as it was played in Tubize, where he spent part of his youth career. Throughout the tournament, <mask> impressed media and coaches, which led to many in Belgium comparing him to Belgian football legend Enzo Scifo.Belgium suffered elimination in the semi-finals of the competition, losing to Spain 7–6 on penalties. Belgium were minutes away from a victory, courtesy of an own goal from David Rochela, which <mask> was particularly instrumental in, however Barcelona striker Bojan Krkić equalized for his nation to send the match into extra time. Due to finishing in third place at the tournament, Belgium qualified for the 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup, held in South Korea. <mask> was selected to participate and played in all three group stage matches, where Belgium were eliminated. After playing at the FIFA U-17 World Cup in August and September 2007, <mask> began earning call-ups to the under-19 team the following month in October. His first appearance came in a 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification match against Romania coming on as a substitute in a 4–0 victory. He subsequently played in the next two group stage matches against Iceland and England.Belgium lost both matches. The negative results eliminated the country from the tournament. Due to being an underage player the previous year, <mask> was eligible for the under-19 team for the 2008–09 season. Due to his growing participation with Lille's first team, <mask> was only allowed to play in 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification matches by his club and, as a result, missed the 2008 edition of the Milk Cup, which was held during Lille's preseason. On 7 October 2008, <mask> scored his first under-19 goal in the team's 5–0 victory over Estonia. Three days later, he scored a double in a 2–2 draw with Croatia. In the Elite Round, <mask> led the team in goals scoring three.In the opening match against the Republic of Ireland, he scored the lone goal. In the next match, <mask> was influential in the team's 5–0 thrashing of Sweden scoring a goal and assisting on two others. In the team's final match, they faced Switzerland. Belgium needed an outright victory to progress to the 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship, but were eliminated from qualifying after drawing 1–1 with the Swiss, despite <mask> opening the scoring for Belgium in the 21st minute. Early senior
On 18 November 2008, <mask> was called up to the Belgium senior team, for the first time, by manager René Vandereycken for the team's match against Luxembourg. Prior to making his national team debut with Belgium, <mask> was courted by French Football Federation officials who sought the player to play for the France national team as he had become eligible for French citizenship. <mask> did not respond to the courtship and later stated "Because of my presence in France for seven years, I feel 99% Belgian and 1% French, but the idea of French citizenship has never crossed my mind".<mask> made his highly anticipated debut for Belgium in the match against Luxembourg coming on as a substitute in the 67th minute for Wesley Sonck. On his debut, <mask> became the eighth youngest international player in Belgian football history, at 17 years and 316 days. On 12 August 2009, after three consecutive substitute appearances with the team, he made his first start under coach Franky Vercauteren in the team's 3–1 friendly loss to the Czech Republic. Following the resignation of Vercauteren, he was replaced with manager Dick Advocaat. Under Advocaat, <mask> became a starter in the team and, on 14 November 2009, played a full match for the first time in his international career. In the match, which was played against Hungary, <mask> assisted two goals in a 3–0 win. In May 2010, Advocaat was replaced as manager by Georges Leekens.After featuring as a starter in Leekens first three matches in charge, <mask> began appearing as a substitute for Belgium during the 2010–11 season. Leekens justified his benching of <mask> citing the players' domestic performance, which had been underwhelming at the time, while also admitting that <mask> displayed a lack of desire in training with the national team and often neglected his defensive duties during international matches. After appearing as a substitute in two straight matches, <mask> returned to the starting lineup for the team's November 2010 friendly match against Russia. In the match, which Belgium won 2–0, <mask> assisted the team's opening goal scored by Romelu Lukaku. After featuring as a starter in the team's 1–1 draw with Finland in February 2011, <mask> was relegated back to the substitute's bench for the team's important March 2011 UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying matches as Leekens preferred Nacer Chadli and Mousa Dembélé on the wings. Following the matches, French media began questioning why <mask> was struggling to be appreciated in his home country, while, at the same time, was being praised in France. Marc Wilmots, assistant

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 coach of the national team, responded to the media reports stating "Some people only see <mask>'s qualities" and "the French press are sometimes blinded by his moments of magic".In Belgium's next competitive match against Turkey on 3 June 2011, <mask> started the match, but was substituted out after 60 minutes. Disappointed with his performance and substitution, the midfielder retired to the locker room and was later spotted on television outside the stadium with his family eating a hamburger while the match was still ongoing. Following the episode, which has become known as Burgergate in Belgium, <mask> apologized for the defection, while Leekens attributed <mask>'s response to the substitution as "a young player making a mistake". On 4 August, Leekens announced that <mask> would be disciplined for his actions during the Turkey match and, as a result, would miss the team's 10 August friendly match against Slovenia, as well as the team's Euro qualifying return match against Azerbaijan on 2 September and friendly against the United States four days later. On 9 August, <mask>'s management group issued a press release to the Belgian media. The release detailed <mask>'s actions during the Turkey match, criticized the player's three-match suspension, as well as questioned Leekens constant criticism of <mask>. On 25 August, it was announced that Leekens had lifted <mask>'s suspension and the midfielder was subsequently named in the team to play the September fixtures.Leekens decided to lift the suspension after having a meeting with <mask> that was organized by the player's agent. On 7 October 2011, nearly three years after his debut, <mask> scored his first international goal against Kazakhstan in a 4–1 victory. The victory inserted Belgium into second-place position in its group in qualifying for UEFA Euro 2012 with the team needing a victory over Germany on 11 October to secure a place in the qualifying playoffs. In the match against Germany, <mask> played the entire match as Belgium failed to earn a place in the European Championship, losing 3–1 in Düsseldorf. 2014 World Cup and Euro 2016
<mask> made nine appearances in the Red Devils successful 2014 World Cup qualification campaign, scoring twice. The first of these came on 22 March against the Republic of Macedonia at the Philip II Arena, converting a penalty to conclude a 2–0 win after being fouled by Aleksandar Lazevski. Three days later in the reverse fixture, he beat two defenders before scoring the only goal of the game.On 13 May 2014, <mask> was named in Belgium's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. He assisted Dries Mertens' winning goal in the team's first game of the tournament, a 2–1 win against Algeria in Belo Horizonte. In Belgium's second match, he assisted Divock Origi's 88th-minute goal, giving the Red Devils a 1–0 win over Russia and qualifying them for the knockout stage, eventually reaching the quarter-finals, where they were eliminated by Argentina. On 7 June 2015, due to the suspension of regular skipper Vincent Kompany, <mask> captained Belgium for the first time in a friendly against France at the Stade de France, scoring a penalty for Belgium's final goal in a 4–3 victory. He won another penalty in a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match on 3 September when fouled by Bosnia and Herzegovina's Ognjen Vranješ, and converted it past his Chelsea clubmate Asmir Begović to conclude Belgium's 3–1 comeback victory. Three days later, he finished Mertens' cross with four minutes remaining, for the only goal in an away win over Cyprus. On 10 October, <mask> scored a spot-kick again after Óscar Sonejee's handball, in a 4–1 win over Andorra which sealed Belgium's qualification to the continental championship for the first time since co-hosting UEFA Euro 2000.Due to the absence of Kompany, <mask> was named captain of Belgium for the UEFA Euro 2016 finals. He scored a solo goal against Hungary in the last 16, before Belgium were eliminated by Wales in the quarter-finals.“Remarkable Wales shock Belgium”. UEFA. Retrieved 8 July 2018 Alongside Aaron Ramsey, he finished as the top assist provider of the tournament with four assists. 2018 World Cup

<mask> was appointed captain of Belgium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. In the first game against Panama, he assisted the third goal of the match scored by Lukaku as Belgium won 3–0. He then scored twice (which included a penalty) in their second group stage victory against Tunisia.His penalty goal in the 6th minute was the team's second quickest goal in the history of the tournament. <mask> was also selected the Man-of-the-match after his impressive performance against Tunisia. In the final group match, <mask> did not play in Belgium's 1–0 victory over England as he, together with eight other starters in the previous two matches, were rested by Roberto Martinez. In Belgium's 3–2 victory over Japan in the last 16, <mask> was instrumental in mounting a comeback from a two-goal deficit as Belgium became the first team in 48 years to come back from 0–2 down to win a World Cup knockout match. For his second consecutive game, <mask> was once again voted the Man of the match by FIFA sponsors, Budweiser. <mask> was again in scintillating form in the quarter-finals as he helped lead Belgium to its second World Cup semi-final in their history with a 2–1 victory over five-time champions Brazil. In that game, <mask> set a World Cup record for successful dribbles completed in any World Cup game since 1966, with a 100% success rate in ten dribbles.In the semi-finals, which was a tight game, Belgium were defeated by eventual champions France 1–0 courtesy of Frenchman Samuel Umtiti's header and France's subsequent deep defense. On 14 July, <mask>'s third Man of the match performance ensured victory for Belgium with his goal in the 82nd minute in a 2–0 victory against England in their third-place play-off, his nation's best ever World Cup finish. At the end of the 2018 FIFA World Cup on 15 July the FIFA Technical Study Group (TSG) selected <mask> as the second best player of the tournament, awarding him the Silver Ball. In addition to his dribbling he scored three goals and provided two assists in total, as well as being selected the Man of the match on three different occasions – more than any other player. Euro 2020
<mask> made his 100th cap for Belgium during the Euro 2020 qualifiers in a 2–0 away win against Cyprus in March 2019, scoring the second goal in that match. <mask> captained Belgium to become the first team to qualify for the tournament. On 17 May 2021, he was selected to the final squad for the UEFA Euro 2020.<mask> featured in three out of Belgium's five games during the tournament, in which he provided an assist for Kevin De Bruyne to score the winning goal against Denmark. Due to later injury, he could not play in the quarterfinal match and witnessed the team being ousted by Italy. 2022 World Cup Qualifying
<mask> was selected for Belgium's world cup qualifying games, as he assisted one in a 5–2 win vs Estonia, and scored one vs the Czech Republic in a 3–0 win. He was later praised by Belgium manager Roberto Martinez. Player profile
Style of play

<mask> primarily plays as either an attacking midfielder or a winger and has been credited as being "possibly the outstanding talent in Europe right now". At Lille under former manager Rudi Garcia, <mask> often played in the latter role in the team's 4–3–3 formation and regularly switched flanks because he could use both feet. Following the departures of fellow playmakers Yohan Cabaye and Gervinho in 2011, during the 2011–12 season, Garcia played <mask> in a creative role as a central attacking midfielder, while also allowing the player to roam back onto the wing if necessary.Two of <mask>'s most common exemplary traits are his pace and technical ability, which have been described as "astonishing" and "mesmerizing". His speed, acceleration, and dribbling skills, combined with his creativity, as well as his flair, balance, agility, and low centre of gravity, courtesy of his diminutive stature (1.73 m/5 feet 8 inches), allow him to retain possession, take on defenders, and beat opponents in one on one situations. At Chelsea, <mask> matured into a world class player and was primarily utilised as a left midfielder, a position which enables him to cut into the centre and strike on goal with his stronger right foot. His development into one of the world's best players was highlighted in the 2014–15 Season; during this season he won multiple awards and received praise from pundits and manager alike. Manager Jose Mourinho praised <mask>, saying that "He is already a top player and his evolution has been fantastic. He is still very young and he can become the best player in the world." <mask>'s former teammate and Lille captain Rio Mavuba described <mask> as "a great player, with an immense talent.He's actually not that big, but he's so fast. He's also very difficult to dispossess and his finishing is top notch". <mask>'s frequent goal celebration saw him sliding on his knees; since 2018 he has stayed on his feet. Although <mask>'s favoured role is as a left winger, he is a versatile attacker, and has also been deployed as a second striker, as a lone striker, or even as a false-9 on occasion throughout his career. Beyond his speed, creativity, technical skills, and offensive qualities, he is also an accurate penalty and free kick taker. Reception

<mask>'s pace, coupled with his finishing and ability to retain possession, led to his former coach Claude Puel dubbing him "little Messi", in reference to the Barcelona player. Puel's sentiments were later echoed by former Marseille manager and media personality Rolland Courbis who commented "At times it looks to me like Lionel Messi on the right-hand side".<mask>'s "flair and tricky" style of play has been described as being similar to Real Madrid player Cristiano Ronaldo; a comparison later repeated by former French international Christophe Dugarry. His vision, described as being the trait he has improved on the most, coupled with his passing, has also allowed him to develop into an effective playmaker and assist provider, which in turn, combined with his finishing ability, enables him to both score and create goals. In Belgium, <mask>'s talent and similar ascension up the country's football hierarchy has led to comparisons to former Belgian international Enzo Scifo. Both players share the same birthplace and Scifo himself spent time with <mask> while he was in Tubize admitting "<mask>, you know, I've coached in Tubize. During the week, I took care of the young people at least once, and he, in those days, I immediately saw he had a secure future". Former Chelsea player Gianfranco Zola likened <mask> to himself in 2019, a view which was the Belgian's former club teammate Frank Lampard had previously expressed in 2013. However, despite the positive opinions, <mask> has endured criticism from some.In 2010, former Belgium national team manager Georges Leekens questioned <mask>'s work-rate. Lille youth academy director Jean-Michel Vandamme countered both managers' criticism by arguing that <mask> simply possesses an intellectual honesty that is out of the ordinary and unexpected of today's footballer declaring "He is a real competitor, not a cheat, nor a moaner, because you don't hear him complaining when he gets fouled". Outside football
Personal life
<mask> is married to Natacha Van Honacker. On 19 December 2010, it was reported that she had given birth to a baby boy, Yannis. She gave birth to their second son, Leo, in February 2013; a third son, Samy, in September 2015; and a fourth son in October 2019. On 7 November 2020, he tested positive for COVID-19. Sponsorship
In 2012, <mask> signed a sponsorship deal with sportswear and equipment supplier, Nike.He appeared in an advert for the Nike Green Speed II alongside Mario Götze, Theo Walcott, Raheem Sterling, Christian Eriksen and Stephan El Shaarawy in November 2012. <mask> features on the cover of EA Sports' FIFA video game FIFA 15 in Belgium, the UK, the Netherlands and France, along with Lionel Messi. <mask>, Marco Reus, James Rodríguez and Anthony Martial were announced as the official ambassadors of the game and were the finalists to be the new face of FIFA 17. <mask> was named the new face of the franchise in 2019 – taking over from Cristiano Ronaldo – appearing as the cover star of the regular edition of FIFA 20. Since March 2016, <mask> has been appearing in adverts for Belgium-based Lotus Bakeries promoting their Biscoff biscuit range. The advert shows him successfully taking a free kick, sending a ball into a gap in 10,000 cups. Club ownership
On 26 June 2017, <mask> became a part-owner of expansion North American Soccer League franchise San Diego 1904 FC to begin play in 2018, alongside Demba Ba, Yohan Cabaye and Moussa Sow.Career statistics
Club

International

Belgium score listed first, score column indicates score after each Hazard goal

HonoursLille Ligue 1: 2010–11
 Coupe de France: 2010–11Chelsea Premier League: 2014–15, 2016–17
 FA Cup: 2017–18; runner-up: 2016–17
 Football League/EFL Cup: 2014–15; runner-up: 2018–19
 UEFA Europa League: 2012–13, 2018–19Real MadridLa Liga: 2019–20
Supercopa de España: 2021–22Belgium FIFA World Cup third place: 2018Individual'''
 Belgian Sportsman of the year: 2018
 UEFA Europa League Player of the Season: 2018–19
 UNFP Ligue 1 Player of the Year: 2010–11, 2011–12
 FWA Footballer of the Year: 2014–15
 Premier League Player of the Season: 2014–15
 PFA Players' Player of the Year 2014–15
 PFA Fans' Player of the Year: 2018–19
 Belgium Player of the Year: 2017, 2018, 2019
 Best Belgian Footballer abroad: 2017, 2018, 2019
 Chelsea Player of the Year: 2013–14, 2014–15, 2016–17, 2018–19
 Chelsea Players' Player of the Year: 2014–15, 2018–19
 BBC Premier League Team of the Decade: 2010s
 Chelsea F.C. Tubize players
Lille OSC players
Chelsea F.C. players
Real Madrid CF players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
La Liga players
UEFA Europa League winning players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
2018 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
FIFA Century Club
Belgian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in France
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in England
Belgian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Walloon sportspeople
FA Cup Final

masks: Eden Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Eden Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard Hazard


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<mask> (December 1666 – 7 February 1736) was an English dyer and astronomer who was the first to systematically experiment with electrical conduction. Until his work in 1729 the emphasis had been on the simple generation of static charges and investigations of the static phenomena (electric shocks, plasma glows, etc.). He also first made the distinction between conduction and insulation, and discovered the action-at-a-distance phenomenon of electrostatic induction. Early life

<mask> was born in Canterbury, Kent, and after some basic schooling, he was apprenticed to his father (and later his elder brother) in the cloth-dyeing trade. His interests lay with natural science and particularly with astronomy; he managed to educate himself in these developing disciplines, mainly through wealthy friends in the district, who gave him access to their libraries and scientific instruments. Science was very much a rich man's hobby at this time. He ground his own lenses and constructed his own telescope, and with this instrument he made a number of minor discoveries (mainly in the area of sunspots), gaining a reputation for accuracy in his observations.Some of his reports were published by the Royal Society through the agency of a friend, Henry Hunt, who was a member of the Society's secretarial staff. Introduction to Flamsteed
Some of <mask>'s output came to the notice of John Flamsteed, a relative of some Kent friends of <mask> and the first English Astronomer Royal, who was building the new Royal Greenwich Observatory. Flamsteed was attempting to construct a detailed and accurate star-map of the heavens, in the hope that this would eventually solve the problem of longitude determination for ocean navigators. <mask> helped him with many of the observations and calculations (possibly without being paid). <mask> and Flamsteed became constant correspondents and friends, and this seems to have created problems for <mask> in being accepted formally into the world of science. Flamsteed was involved in a prolonged dispute with Sir Isaac Newton over access to preliminary star-chart data. This boiled over and became a factional war in the Royal Society, which Newton dominated (virtually excluding Flamsteed and his associates) for decades.<mask> worked for a while on the second English observatory, being built at Cambridge, but it was badly managed by Newton's friend and associate, Roger Cotes; the project finally collapsed, leaving <mask> with little option but to return to his dyeing trade in Canterbury. Suffering from ill health, before long he was in London assisting John Theophilus Desaguliers, an acolyte of Isaac Newton and occasionally one of the Royal Society's demonstrators. Desaguliers acted as a scientific consultant, giving lectures around the country and on the Continent about new scientific discoveries; he also ran a boarding house for visiting gentlemen with scientific interests. <mask> was not paid by Desaguliers but provided with accommodation in exchange for his ability to discuss scientific subjects with the boarders. Desaguliers' boarding house was demolished to make way for Westminster Bridge, and poverty intervened for <mask>. In 1720, through the efforts of John Flamsteed and Sir Hans Sloane (later President of the Royal Society) he managed to obtain a pensioned position at the Charterhouse, a home for destitute gentlemen who had served their country, also linked to a boys' school. During this time he began experimenting with static electricity again, using a glass tube as a friction generator.Conduction discoveries

One night, in his Charterhouse rooms, he noticed that the cork at the end of his tube (needed to keep moisture and dust out) generated an attractive force on small pieces of paper and chaff when the tube was rubbed. Normally the cork would not have carried an electrical charge, but climatic conditions and variations in the materials meant that the cork was accumulating charge. When he extended the cork by inserting a small stick of fir, the charge manifested itself at the end of the stick, and then on an ivory ball (perforated with a hole), he had stuck on the end. He tried longer sticks, and finally added a length of an oily hemp pack-thread connected to the ivory ball. In the process, he had discovered that the "electric virtue" was not just a 'static' phenomenon (like a local pin-prick), but rather a fluid-like substance that would carry over distance. The terminating ivory ball would still act to attract light objects in the same way as the electrified glass tube. Over the next few days, he extended the reach of his thread-wire (he only had a short piece of wire, and did not understand the significance of metal as a conductor) and found that it would carry from his balcony down into the courtyard below.He discovered that electricity would travel around bends in the thread and that it appeared unaffected by gravity. He was also able to transmit charges to metal objects (poker, tongs, kettle, etc.) which were generally regarded in those days as 'non-electrics' because they couldn't generate or hold a static charge. He also discovered that silk would not carry the 'virtue', while the thicker pack-thread and wire could. Then between 30 June and 2 July 1729 while in Kent he extended this first electrical network and made many new discoveries. On a visit to the Reverend Granville Wheler, a wealthy friend, member of the Royal Society and Famsteed's relative, the two men extended the conduction experiments through pack-thread laced up and down the length of a large gallery in Wheler's manor house, Otterden Place in Kent. In the process, <mask> and Wheler discovered the importance of insulating their thread 'conductor' from earth contact (the wall of the house) by using silk for suspension.They noticed that if a wire was used to support the pack-thread, all the 'electrical virtue' leaked away. Initially, they thought the difference was due to the relative thicknesses of the silk, thread and wire, but later they realised that silk itself was much less conducting than the wire—so they used only silk to support (and thereby insulate) the hemp pack-thread used as their main conductor. The next day they dropped the thread from the house tower to the garden and then extended it out across a paddock to a distance of 800 feet using paired garden-stakes with short spans of silk to keep the pack-thread from touching the ground. Wheler reported this to many of his Royal Society friends, and <mask> wrote the full details in a letter to Desaguliers. From these experiments came an understanding of the role played by conductors and insulators (names applied by Desaguliers). Two French scientists, Abbe Nollet and C.F. du Fay, visited <mask> and Wheler in 1732, saw the experiment, and returned to France where du Fay formulated the first comprehensive theory of electricity called the "two-fluid" theory.This theory was championed by Nollet and accepted by most experimenters in Europe for a time; later it was refined and then superseded by the ideas of the English experimenters John Bevis and William Watson, who was in correspondence with Benjamin Franklin's group in Philadelphia. They jointly devised a theory of a single-fluid/two-state: virtually, the super-abundance or absence of one fluid, which Watson later termed positive and negative. These ideas fitted the facts slightly better than the two-fluid concept, especially after the invention of the Leyden Jar, and this single-fluid theory eventually prevailed. We now know that both were almost equally incorrect. <mask> went on to make more electrical discoveries, the most noticeable being electrical induction (creating an electrical charge in a suspended object without contact). This experiment was widely celebrated around Europe as the famous "Flying Boy" demonstration: a boy was suspended on silk cords, and then charged by <mask> bringing his rubbed tube (static electric generator) close to the boy's feet, but without touching. <mask> showed that the boy's face and hands still attracted the chaff, paper and other materials.<mask> certainly realised that the phenomenon of 'electric virtue' was the same as lightning (as did most experimenters), many years before Franklin "flew his kite" and the French experimenters Dilibard and Delor captured a charge from lightning in a Leyden Jar. When Sloane took over the Royal Society on Newton's death, <mask> belatedly received the recognition denied him previously. <mask>liers. There is also a story that he was denied recognition by the Newton faction within the Royal Society because of his links to Flamsteed (who was constantly in dispute with Isaac Newton), but this can be dismissed as highly unlikely: Newton had died in March 1727, nearly two years before <mask> began his conduction experiments, and Hans Sloan, who ran the Royal Society after Newton's death was a friend and financial supporter of <mask>. The fact is that electricity was not considered that important at the time, and the Society's magazine was not published for a couple of years due to financial constraints. Sloan took an active part in promoting <mask>, who received the Royal Society's first Copley Medal in 1731 for his work on conduction and insulation, and also its second in 1732 for his induction experiments. In 1732 the Royal Society also admitted him as an honorary member; he died destitute a few years later, in 1736.After his death

Despite the importance of his discoveries (it can be argued that he was the inventor of electrical communications), he received little credit, supposedly because of the factional dispute in the Royal Society, and the dominance of Newtonianism. By the time <mask>'s priority was publicly recognised, experiments in electricity had moved on and people were interested more in the spectacular feats by Franklin and others in capturing lightning in their Leyden Jars. <mask>'s discoveries tended to look trivial, and for this reason, some historians tend to overlook his work. There is no monument to <mask> and little recognition of what he achieved in his scientific discoveries. He is believed to be buried in a common grave in an old London cemetery, in an area reserved for pauper pensioners from the Charterhouse. In 2017 the School of Physical Sciences at the University of Kent, in Canterbury, initiated the <mask> Lectures in his memory. References

Further reading
David H. Clark & Stephen H.P.Clark, Newton's Tyranny: The Suppressed Scientific Discoveries of <mask> and John Flamsteed,  W. H. Freeman, 2001  Reviewed in ; . External links
 <mask> at Britannica online
 The discovery of conductors and insulators by <mask>, Dufay and Franklin. 1666 births
1736 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
18th-century British physicists
People from Canterbury
Recipients of the Copley Medal
17th-century English astronomers
18th-century British astronomers
People associated with electricity

masks:
Stephen Gray
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Stephen Gray
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<mask>us Antiochus Epiphanes, also known as <mask>us Epiphanes; <mask>; <mask>us Epiphanes or simply known as <mask> (Greek: Γάιος Ἰούλιος Ἀρχέλαος Ἀντίοχος Ἐπιφανής, 38-92 AD) was an influential prince of the Kingdom of Commagene, who lived in the 1st century. Biography
Epiphanes was the first-born son and child to King <mask> of Commagene and Queen Iotapa of Commagene. His parents were full-blooded siblings. His parents were Roman Client Monarchs of Commagene who lived under the Roman Empire in the 1st century. His younger siblings were prince Callinicus and princess Iotapa. He was of Armenian, Greek and Median descent. Through his ancestor from Commagene, Queen Laodice VII Thea, who was the mother of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene, he was a direct descendant of the Greek Syrian Kingdom, the Seleucid Empire.He was most probably born in Samosata, the capital of the Kingdom of Commagene, or in Rome. However, he was raised and educated between Rome and Samosata. His mother died around 52 and his father raised him. Epiphanes was named in honor of his father, his ancestors and the late Roman Client King Archelaus of Cilicia. <mask> IV was an ally to the Roman Emperors and various members of the Herodian Dynasty. <mask> was betrothed in 43/44 to the princess Drusilla, who was a daughter of Judean King Agrippa I. Agrippa thought that Epiphanes would embrace Judaism and Jewish customs. However, Epiphanes never married Drusilla because he refused to adopt the customs and religion of the Jews.The marriage between <mask> and Drusilla had not been contracted on the death of Agrippa I. In 64, <mask> had married an Egyptian Greek woman from Alexandria called Claudia Capitolina. Capitolina came from a distinguished family. She was the only child of Tiberius Claudius Balbilus by his unnamed wife. Balbilus was an Egyptian Greek who was one of the highest magistrates of Equestrian rank in Rome. Balbilus was an astrologer, a learned scholar who was later prefect of Egypt. Capitolina was distantly related to Epiphanes.Capitolina's paternal grandmother princess Aka II of Commagene was a direct descendant of King Antiochus I Theos of Commagene, as she was a great-granddaughter of Antiochus I Theos. Capitolina is not mentioned by Roman sources, however she has been identified as the wife of Epiphanes and mother of Epiphanes’ children, through surviving honorific inscriptions and poetry dedicated to her. After Epiphanes married Capitolina, they settled and lived in the court of Antiochus IV. In 65 Capitolina bore Epiphanes their first son and child, <mask> Antiochus Epiphanes Philopappos in Samosata. In 70 Epiphanes was sent by his father with troops to command and assist the prince Titus to end the siege in Jerusalem. During this war, Epiphanes had met the Roman Jewish historian Josephus. The Roman Emperor Vespasian had stated then that the Kingdom of Commagene was one of the richest of the tributary kings.In 72 Lucius Caesennius Paetus, the Roman Governor of Syria had sent letters addressed to Vespasian accusing Antiochus IV, <mask> and his brother Callinicus in planning to revolt against Rome and allying themselves with the King of Parthia. Paetus had accused Antiochus IV, <mask> and Callinicus of disloyalty to the Emperor in these letters. It is not known whether these accusations were true or false. After reading the letters, Vespasian felt that he could longer trust the family of Antiochus IV and could not trust them to protect the strategic crossing at the Euphrates River at Samosata. Vespasian gave orders to <mask> IV to terminate his rule in Commagene. Paetus invaded the Kingdom of Commagene, as head of the Legio VI Ferrata. The client Kings Aristobulus of Chalcis and Sohaemus of Emesa also supplied troops to Paetus.They all arrived the night before the battle. As <mask> and Callinicus prepared themselves that night for war, <mask> IV was preparing to flee to Cilicia. The morning that the war was supposed to occur, Epiphanes, his family and Callinicus, out of fear of the Romans, fled to the King of Parthia, while <mask> IV also out of fear of the Romans fled to Cilicia. There is a possibility that <mask> and Callinicus had a short-lived attempt to resist invasion, before they fled to Parthia. The family of Antiochus IV had let their own army and the citizens of Commagene down. <mask> IV and his family never considered a war with Rome and they wanted to clear themselves of these accusations. Vespasian brought Epiphanes, with his family and Callinicus, peacefully back to Rome with an honourable Roman military escort.<mask> lived in Rome with his family and Callinicus, and Antiochus IV, for the remainder of his life. Vespasian had given Antiochus IV and his family sufficient revenue on which to live. Antiochus IV and his family had a glamorous life and were treated with great respect. They never returned to Commagene, which was reinstated again as a part of the Roman Province of Syria and there the citizens still proved to be loyal subjects of the Roman Empire. In 72 Capitolina bore Epiphanes another child, a daughter named Julia Balbilla in Rome. After the death of his father, <mask> and his family moved and finally settled in Athens Greece, where he died in 92. It is unknown whether Callinicus had travelled with them.After his death, Capitolina returned and lived her remaining years in Alexandria, while her son remained in Athens where he became a prominent citizen. His daughter Julia Balbilla became a prominent poet and became a travelling friend to the Roman Emperor Hadrian and his wife the Empress Vibia Sabina. In a surviving poem written by Balbilla dedicated to the memory of her parents and her grandfathers, Balbilla describes her parents as ‘pious’ people and writes very highly of her ancestry. References

Sources
Josephus, Jewish War, v. 11. § 3
Josephus, Jewish War, vii. 7
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, xix. 9.§ 1
Josephus, Jewish Antiquities, xx.7.1
Tacitus, Histories, ii. 81. Tacitus, Histories, v. 1. Chahin, Mark, The Kingdom of Armenia, Routledge, 2001, pp. 190–191. Hemelrijk, Emily Ann, Matrona Docta: Educated Women in the Roman Elite from Cornelia to Julia Domna (Routledge, 1999), pp. 188ff
Schwartz, Seth, Josephus and Judaean Politics, (Brill, 1990).Speidel, Michael Alexander, "Early Roman Rule in Commagene", Scripta Classica Israelica, 24 (2005), pp. 85-100

External links
 Coinage of Epiphanes and Callinicus

1st-century Romans
Hellenistic-era people
Princes of Commagene
Roman-era Athenians
<mask> <mask>, <mask>us
38 births
92 deaths

masks:
Gaius Julius Archela
Julius Archela
Epiphanes
Gaius Julius Antioch
Gaius
Antiochus IV
Antiochus
Epiphanes
Epiphanes
Epiphanes
Gaius Julius
Epiphanes
Epiphanes
Antiochus
Epiphanes
Antiochus
Antiochus
Epiphanes
Antiochus
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Antiochus
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Gaius Archela


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G. K<mask> (born <mask>, 28 December 1964) is an Indian Politician and son of G<mask>, a veteran Indian National Congress Leader. <mask> is currently the president of Tamil Maanila Congress (M), a political party in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. He was a member of Rajya Sabha, an upper house of Indian Parliament from the year 2002 until 2014. During his tenure as a Member of Indian Parliament, he had functioned in several positions in the Union Government under UPA 1 & UPA II regime including as a Minister of State (Independent Charge) for Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation from Jan 2006 – May 2009; Union Minister of Shipping from May 2009 – May 2014 and as an In-charge Minister for Labour from Jan 2014 - April 2014. Family and education

<mask>, better known as G<mask> was born on 28 December 1964 in Sundara Perumal koil, Thanjavur Dist in Tamil Nadu to an affluent agricultural landlord family to G. K. Moopanar and <mask>r. G<mask> was a great secular statesman committed to nation building. Ever since country's first general election to Indian parliament, he had played a major key role in socio-political undertakings in the Indian National Congress.his forefathers were landlords. In fact, during the pre-Independence period, all of Thanjavur comprised merely of five provinces, and his family clan was one of the few who ruled over the richest arable land in the region, 'Kabisthalam'. It was also called as 'Moopanar. G.<mask> did his schooling from Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School in Chennai and completed his graduation in Bachelor of Arts (B.A) Corporate Secretaryship from The New College, Madras University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. He is married to Shrimathi Sunitha Vasan, daughter of Dr. N. Lakshmi Narayanan, a Professor of Medicine and Shrimathi Sulochana. Shrimathi Sunitha Vasan is a university gold medal grades in her both (M.A) academic programmes. She has completed ‘Master of Arts (M.A) in Psychology, from SIET College; Madras University and Master of Arts (M.A) in Sociology, from Pondicherry University.She is a qualified counselor, both in academics and personal and does actively involve in developing academic curriculum for special children's. They have a son, Shri G.K. Pranav. Political career
In the initial phase of political career, <mask> <mask> though was not officially a chair in the party, yet actively involved in the political events in Thanjavur district, Tamil Nadu. He was supportive to the <mask> Moopanar in his political administrations and did participate in election campaigns in Mayiladuthurai Parliament Constituency and Papanasam State Assembly Constituency. After the demise of <mask> Moopanar in 2001, <mask> <mask> was unanimously elected as the President of Tamil Maanila Congress by the MPs, MLAs and senior functionaries of the party. <mask> <mask> was then the youngest president of a State Political Party in India. Under his leadership, the party fielded 32 candidates in the 12th Tamil Nadu State Assembly election and won 23 constituencies by securing over 18.85 Lakhs votes.In the year 2002, when the party (TMC) was most influential and strong both in organizational strength and political representation at state and centre; <mask> <mask> came forward to fulfill the wishes of G. K. Moopanar and millions of his party followers. On 14 August 2001, the party (TMC) under the leadership of <mask> <mask> and its MPs, MLA and millions of cadres got merged unconditionally with the Indian National Congress. After becoming a member in Indian National Congress, <mask> <mask> played a major roles at both National and State Level politics. He became a Secretary (in 2002) of All India Congress Committee and rose to the level of becoming the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee in 2004; making him only next to Perunthalaivar K<mask>jar who held the honour of being the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. <mask> <mask> extensively toured the state to rejuvenate the party cadres and interacted with general public to strengthen the organisation. In his maiden election (13th Tamil Nadu State Assembly Election) as a President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee; in an alliance with DMK, fielded 10 candidates and won all of them. An act of recognition for his performance in state politics; Indian National Congress Committee elevated <mask> <mask> to become a Member of Rajya Sabha, an upper house of Indian Parliament in the year 2002.<mask> <mask> was also privileged to be the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee; making him until today, the only person next to Perunthalaivar K<mask> who held the honour of being the youngest President of Tamil Nadu Congress Committee. Elected to Rajya Sabha, Member of Parliament 2002 - 2014

G. K <mask> was elected from the state of Tamil Nadu to Indian Parliament in the year 2002. As a Member of Parliament, he was part of several administrative consultative committees on policies and programme implementations. As a rural resident himself, he constantly strives to empower the local bodies and in the process, he was keenly associated as a member of:

Consultative committee for the Ministry of Agriculture (Year 2002–2004): whereby, dynamically backed the measures to build a vibrant rural economy and for 'National Food Security. Departmentally-Related Standing Committee on Urban and Rural Development (Year 2003–2004). Committee on Urban and Rural Development (Year 2003–2004). Member, Committee on Subordinate Legislation (Year 2003–2004).Member, Committee on Coal and Steel (Year 2004–2006). Member, Consultative Committee for the Ministry of Urban Development (Year 2004–2006). Actively involved in the parliamentary bill 'The Provisions of the Municipalities (Ext.to the Scheduled Areas)'; a setup of urban local bodies in the scheduled areas. Union Minister of Shipping

G. K <mask> was sworn in as Union Minister of Shipping under the leadership of Dr. Manmohan Singh, the 13th Prime Minister of India. The Shipping Ministry under his able guidance saw a stupendous growth both in infrastructure and economic performance. The industry registered several landmark achievements during his tenure and claimed India would be the next hub for ship building industry. <mask> <mask> was one of the very few cabinet ministers in UPA II, who continued to function in the same portfolio for the entire 5 years terms.A credit to his performance and Sincerity. The following are the major achievements during his tenure, acclaims applauds. Achievements:

The first assignment initiated was to 'Reform and Modernize' the operations of shipping industry by introducing 'e- auction tendering system', implementing revised 'auction rate for lease of lands which belongs to Indian Ports and introduced 'revival strategy for 133 nos of non-functional ports and revised the 'auction rate for the land lease'. The shipping ministry under <mask> <mask> leadership; awarded about '88 new projects with an investment of INR 42,953 Crore' to enhance the marine infrastructure in our country and successfully concluded the ministerial term with a virtue of 'Impressive performance with high integrity, simplicity and transparency'. The Ministry of Shipping was the only office then, to have a sector specific 'Land Policy Guidelines' approved by the Cabinet; a step towards 'Transparency and Accountability'. The Shipping Ministry (Cochin Shipyard (CSL) in Kochi, Kerala) 'designed and build an Indigenous Aircraft Carrier, INS Vikrant for the Indian Navy'; making India, only the 5th country, next to US, the UK, Russia and France to hold an independent capability. The Shipping Corporation of India (SCI)' an PSU under the Ministry of Shipping, saw a significant growth making then Finance Minister, Mr. Pranab Mukherjee expressing hope (in 2010) that the SCI, which is a Navratna company, would certainly attain Maharatna’ status very sooner.Averted the biggest thread in maritime world 'The nationwide hunger strike by port workers in 2010' by bringing an amicable acceptance between union federations and port administration. Thus it ensured an uninterrupted cargo trade of 580 million tons and brought happiness to 60,000 port workers. It was purely on his personnel interest; he intervened to hold 12 rounds of meeting with the labour unions and brought a solution to their long pending desires. To his credit; thereof never have been labour strikes in the shipping industry during his entire cabinet tenure. Launched the vision document 'Maritime Agenda 2020' a road map to build a 3200 million tonnes per year of port capacity by infusing an estimated investment of Rs. 3 lakh crore by 2020 to position India as a global hub for marine industry. Honored the legacy of freedom fighters (Perunthalaivar K<mask> and V.O Chidambaranar Pillai) by re-titling the ‘Ennore Port’ as 'Kamarajar Port' and ‘Tuticorin Port’ as ‘V.O.Chidambaranar Port’. It is only next to Pundit. Jawaharlal Nehru, a leader name is titled for ports in India. Achieved 2 greatest milestones (in 2011) in the annals of Indian Maritime History:
  Indian shipping tonnage crossed the 10 million mark with a target been set to achieve 43 million Gross Tonnage by 2020. The aggregate cargo handling capacity across all ports in India, crossed '1 billion Tons'. Laid the foundation stone (in 2013) for India's largest container handling terminal at Jawaharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNPT), Mumbai; thus positioning JNPT at rank 26th among the top 100 container ports in the world. The V.O Chidambaranar Port (Tuticorin) saw an amazing growth: Infrastructure projects worth Rs.27,841 crore were infused to handle a massive volume of trade (413 million tons) and positioned the port as 10th largest ports in India. The Kamarajar Port (Chennai) do realized a tremendous growth both in economic performance and Infrastructure development: It achieved a '2 fold growth rate of 30 MTPA in 2014 to become the '12th largest ports in India'. As part of revamp programme; augmented the infrastructure facilities at 'Port Blair' and positioned it as '13th Major Ports in India'. Launched the passenger ferry service between Tuticorin & Colombo to realize the dream of freedom fighter V. O. Chidambaram Pillai. An initiative after 100 years of such maiden service launched by V.O Chidambaram Pillai in 1907. Inaugurated 'First International Seafarers Day' (in 2011) marking the importance of safety, welfare & security of seafarers and honored the Indian seafarers for their immense contribution to world economic trade. Raised the piracy issue at international forums (UN security Council and IMO) and proposed an 'Unified UN Security Force' to combat piracy, secure men and safely deliver more than 90% of world's goods trade.The ministry was more considerate to open a thought for granting IT exemption, tax concessions and pension benefits to Indian seafarers; a candid initiative where whole of shipping fraternity remembers Him, even today. Women Empowerment:  <mask> Vasan always believed Women are an integral part of our growth and hence voiced for larger recruitment of Women as Seafarers in Marine Industry. MoS (Independent Charge) Statistics & Programme Implementation (Jan 2006 – May 2009)

G. K <mask> was first inducted in the Union Cabinet under the leadership of Dr. Manmohan Sign, the 13th Prime Minister of India. He was sworn in as MoS (Independent Charge) for Statistics & Programme Implementation. The ministry under the able guidance of G. K <mask> realized several accomplishments that added value to enhance the performance of other Union Ministries. The following are the major few achievements during his tenure:

Achievements:

Enacted the Collection of Statistics Act, 2008 which replaced the Collection of Statistics Act, 1953 to significantly empower the data collection mechanism at all levels of government. First ever comprehensive cadre review (Human Resource Development) in the statistical department was successfully completed by upgrading 127 Directors (NFSG) level posts to SAG (Joint Secretary) level and newly introducing subordinate Group B and Group C level officer positions in the Indian Statistical  Service.G. K <mask> had urged all the state governments to induct a 'Statistical Commission' and a separate 'Department of Statistics' to strengthen the statistical system in India. Released the 'First Millennium Development Goals India Country Report: A set of 8 goals primarily linked to participatory governance for overall Rural Development. A Twenty Point Programme as part of Social Justice was restructured with inclusion of new schemes like 'National Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), Rural Business Hubs, Local Self Government both in urban local bodies and panchayat raj, Prevention of child labor, HIV/AIDS, Mid day Meal etc. Established 'National Academy of Statistical Administration' to bring out the best statistical minds from India at par with international standard. Birth Anniversary (29 June) of Prof. P C Mahalanobis was declared as the 'National Statistical Day' to honour his contributions in the field of Statistics and Economic Planning. With concerted efforts, enhanced the Member of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) fund from INR 2 crore to INR 5 crore and issued a comprehensive guidelines on scheme concept, implementation and monitoring. Software was set up to monitor and enable online access to MPLADS works, which ensured improved transparency and e-governance.Newly initiated the 'Physical Monitoring System' of MPLADS works through NABARD consultancy services; this enabled an improved performance in the work execution whereby an efficiency enhancement was achieved from 80.14% in March 2004 to 90.01% in the succeeding year. Due to efficient monitoring, project control and implementation; the ministry ensured an efficient rate of project completion in India:  The administration successfully achieved the performance index by reducing the project cost over run from 62% in March 1991 to an impressive rate of 15.5% in Sept, 2006. The operationalization of the 'National Statistical Commission' was an important initiative to bring about quality and transparency in official statistics. It serves as a key recommendation provider on latest statistical standards and policy initiatives in India. Political Office
 President, Tamil Maanila Congress (M)                : From Aug 2001 – Aug 2002 and Incumbent from May 2014. Secretary, All India Congress Committee (AICC) : From Aug 2002 – Nov 2003. President, Tamil Nadu Congress Committee        : From Nov 2003 – Feb 2006.MoS (Independent Charge) for the Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation : From Jan 2006 - May 2009. Union Minister of Shipping     : From May 2009 - May 2014. In-charge Minister for Labour : From Jan 2014 - May 2014. Cultural / Recreation / Club

<mask> Vasan is passionate about Carnatic Music and enjoys playing Cricket and Table Tennis. He does hold positions as:
 Chairman of Board of Trustees : Thiruvayiru Thyagabrahma Sabha. Life Member                              : Tamil Nadu Cricket Association. Life Member                              : Cosmopolitan Club, Chennai.Life Member                              : Constitution Club, New Delhi. Other Interest
G. K <mask> is an avid admirer of Carnatic music, happened to develop out of natural bonding between Cauvery and Carnatic music. He is currently the Chairman of board of Trustees for 'Thiruvayiru Thyagabrahma Mahotasa Sabha' which sponsors an 'Annual Aradhana Festival of Thyagaraja', a tribute to saint composer Sri Thyagaraja Swamy. He shows greatest interest in the activities of Sabha like his father G. K. Moopanar whose period as a president of 'Thiruvayiru Thyagabrahma Mahotasa Sabha' achieved the greatest milestone in making the programme, as an all India and International festival including then President of India presiding over the function.

'' Music is a holy concert to <mask> and a great instrument of National integration. Playing Nagaswaram and Thavil are 'Mangala Isai' means auspicious Music for all occasions. References

Living people
Indian National Congress politicians from Tamil Nadu
Members of the Cabinet of India
1964 births
Union Ministers from Tamil Nadu
People from Thanjavur district
Rajya Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
Tamil Maanila Congress politicians

masks:
. Vasan
Govindaswamy Karuppiah Vn
. K Moopanar
G K Vasan
Govindaswamy Karuppiah Vasan
. K Vasan
Kahuri Moopana
. K Moopanar
K Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
G K
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
. Kamara
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
. Kamarajar
Vasan
Vasan
G K
Vasan
G K
Vasan
. Kamarajar
G K
Vasan
Vasan
Vasan
G K
Vasan
God


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<mask> (; born March 15, 1991) is an American former professional basketball player. He played one year of college basketball with the Kansas Jayhawks before he was drafted in the 2010 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies. <mask>'s brother, C. J., was a 2005 MLB first-round draft pick and returned to college after playing three years of minor-league baseball in the New York Yankees and Philadelphia Phillies organizations. The brothers' father, Carl, played basketball at Kansas in the 1980s and their mother played basketball for the Kansas women's team. High school career
<mask> was named to the 2009 McDonald's All-American Game where he scored 14 points. <mask> was also selected to play in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit at the Rose Garden in Portland where he led Team USA with 22 points including six 3-pointers and the Jordan Brand Classic at Madison Square Garden where he scored 10 points for the white team. He was SLAM magazine's high school diary keeper for the 2008–09 basketball season.On March 14, 2009, he led Putnam City High School to the Oklahoma Class 6A state championship, scoring 24 points in the title game against Jenks High School. On October 22, 2008, <mask> was in a car accident and fractured his cheekbone. He had to have surgery in November and he missed the beginning of his senior season. Recruitment
By the end of his senior season, <mask> was ranked as the #6 overall prospect and #2 shooting guard in the class of 2009 by Scout.com, #8 overall and #3 shooting guard by Rivals.com and #3 overall, #2 shooting guard by ESPN. Originally, <mask> was heavily recruited by both Memphis and Kansas. On November 18, 2008 <mask> announced his commitment to Memphis citing the opportunity to play alongside his brother, C. J., as the primary reason for the decision. In March 2009, Memphis's head coach John Calipari took the head coaching job at the University of Kentucky, prompting <mask> to reopen his recruitment.On April 23, <mask> officially announced his choice to play basketball for Kansas. |-
|}

College career

<mask> scored 27 points in his first college game, breaking the record for most points scored by a Jayhawk in a debut game as a freshman. On December 12, 2009, <mask> scored 31 points against La Salle at the Sprint Center in Kansas City. In doing so he became the first KU freshman to score 30 points in a game since Paul Pierce. <mask>'s 31 points was four short of the KU record for points scored by a freshman set by KU legend Danny Manning. College statistics

|-
| align="left" | 2009–10
| align="left" | Kansas
| 36 || 36 || 27.5 || .458 || .418 || .783 || 4.4 || 1.5 || 1.5 || .5 || 13.4

Professional career

Memphis Grizzlies (2010–2012)
On April 7, 2010, <mask> announced that he would forgo his final three seasons of collegiate eligibility and enter the 2010 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first-round selection. On June 24, <mask> was selected 12th overall in the 2010 NBA draft by the Memphis Grizzlies.New Orleans Hornets (2012–2013)
On January 4, 2012, <mask> was acquired by New Orleans Hornets as a part of a three-team trade that sent Marreese Speights to Memphis and two future second-round picks to the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> was assigned to the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League on March 17, 2012 and recalled on March 19. Los Angeles Lakers (2013–2014)
On September 5, 2013, <mask> signed with the Los Angeles Lakers. In his debut on October 29, 2013, he led the Lakers to a 116–103 victory over the Los Angeles Clippers while scoring a career-high 22 points. On February 27, 2014, he was assigned to the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA Development League. On March 2, 2014, he was recalled by the Lakers. On April 11, 2014, <mask> underwent surgery to repair both a torn ligament in his left wrist and a cartilage abnormality in his right knee.On July 25, 2014, <mask> re-signed with the Lakers to a reported one-year, $1 million contract. On October 18, 2014, <mask>'s agents announced that he would be seeking a second opinion following his April 11 knee surgery and traveling to Germany for Regenokine treatment. On November 15, 2014, he was reassigned to the Los Angeles D-Fenders. He was recalled the next day. On November 22, he was reassigned to D-Fenders and again recalled a day later. On November 24, he was ruled out for the rest of the season after an MRI revealed a ruptured left Achilles tendon that he suffered at practice. On December 28, 2014, he was waived by the Lakers.Santa Cruz Warriors (2015–2016)
On October 19, 2015, <mask> signed with the Golden State Warriors. He was waived just four days later. On November 2, he was acquired by the Santa Cruz Warriors of the NBA Development League as an affiliate player of Golden State. On February 19, 2016, he made his debut for Santa Cruz in a 116–100 loss to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, recording 14 points, four rebounds, one assist and two blocks in 16 minutes. Oklahoma City Blue (2016–2017)
On September 12, 2016, <mask> signed with the Milwaukee Bucks, but was later waived by the team on September 23 prior to training camp. On November 3, he was acquired by the Oklahoma City Blue of the NBA Development League (now renamed the NBA G League). <mask> has spoken about his faith saying, "I understand the world is not all about me.I want to lead people to Christ, do the best I can and make life worthwhile. Life is about other things. It's helping people out and being a servant to everybody else." <mask> was born in Ghent, Belgium, where his father played professional basketball in the early 1990s. His older brother, C. J<mask>, was picked with the 17th pick in the first round of the 2005 Major League Baseball first-year player draft. After struggling with baseball, C. J. went to college and returned to basketball. References

External links

 Kansas Jayhawks bio

1991 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Oklahoma
Iowa Energy players
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball players
Los Angeles D-Fenders players
Los Angeles Lakers players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Memphis Grizzlies draft picks
Memphis Grizzlies players
New Orleans Hornets players
Oklahoma City Blue players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Santa Cruz Warriors players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Ghent
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
21st-century African-American sportspeople

masks:
Xavier Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
. Henry


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<mask> (the Countess of Arnim) (4 April 178520 January 1859), born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist. <mask> (or Bettine) Brentano was a writer, publisher, composer, singer, visual artist, an illustrator, patron of young talent, and a social activist. She was the archetype of the Romantic era's zeitgeist and the crux of many creative relationships of canonical artistic figures. Best known for the company she kept, she numbered among her closest friends Goethe, Beethoven, Schleiermacher, and Pückler and tried to foster artistic agreement among them. Many leading composers of the time, including Robert and Clara Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johanna Kinkel, and Johannes Brahms, admired her spirit and talents. As a composer, <mask>'s style was unconventional, molding and melding favorite folk melodies and historical themes with innovative harmonies, phrase lengths, and improvisations that became synonymous with the music of the era. She was closely related to the German writers Clemens Brentano and <mask>: the first was her brother, the second her husband.Her daughter Gisela <mask> became a prominent writer as well. Her nephews, via her brother Christian, were Franz and Lujo Brentano. Family and early life
<mask> <mask> was born at Frankfurt am Main, into the large Brentano family of an Italian merchants. Her grandmother, <mask> La Roche, was a novelist, and her brother was Clemens Brentano, the great poet known for his lyric poems, libretti, and Singspiele. He was a mentor and protector to her and inspired her to read the poetry of the time, especially Goethe. From an early age <mask> was called 'the kobold' by her brothers and sisters, a nickname that she maintained later on in Berlin society. After being educated at an Ursulines convent school in Fritzlar from 1794 to 1797, <mask> lived for a while with her grandmother at Offenbach am Main and from 1803 to 1806 with her brother-in-law, <mask> Savigny, the famous jurist, at Marburg.She formed a friendship with Karoline <mask>e. The two friends acknowledged only natural impulses, laws, and methods of life, and brooded over the "tyranny" of conventionalities. In 1806, Günderrode committed suicide on account of a passion for the philologist Georg Friedrich Creuzer. In 1807 at Weimar <mask> made the acquaintance of Goethe, for whom she entertained a significant passion, which the poet did not requite, though he entered into correspondence with her. Their friendship came to an abrupt end in 1811, owing to <mask>'s behaviour with Goethe's wife. In 1811, <mask> married Achim <mask>, the renowned Romantic poet. The couple settled first at the Wiepersdorf castle, and then in Berlin.They had seven children. Achim died in 1831, but <mask> maintained an active public life. Her passion for Goethe revived, and in 1835, after lengthy discussions with the writer and landscape gardener <mask> Pückler-Muskau, she published her book Goethe's Correspondence with a Child (), which purported to be a correspondence between herself and the poet. The book is in large part fictitious. Genuine sonnets of Goethe in it were addressed, not to her, but to Minna Herzlieb. As a work of fiction, the book has been praised. She continued to write, inspire, and publish until 20 January 1859, when she died in Berlin, aged 73, surrounded by her children.Her grave is in the Wiepersdorf churchyard. Career

During the years of 1806 to 1808, <mask> helped gather the folk songs that made up Des Knaben Wunderhorn, the collaborative work of her brother and her future husband, Achim <mask>. Some of the songs were later put to music by a number of composers, among them Gustav Mahler. The collection became a touchstone of the Romantic musical and poetic style. From 1808 to 1809 she studied voice, composition, and piano in Munich under <mask> Winter and Sebastian Bopp. She published her first song under the pseudonym Beans Beor, which she occasionally used later as well. <mask> sang briefly in the Berliner Singakademie and composed settings of Hellenistic poems by Amalie <mask>vig.Though domestic duties connected to her 1811 marriage to <mask> diminished her productivity, several art songs from the period have been recovered and have been published in Werke und Briefe. <mask> was the first composer to set the poet Hölderlin's work to music. She was a muse to the progressives of Prussia, linked to the socialist movement and an advocate for the oppressed Jewish community. She published two politically dissident works but evaded chastisement because of her friendship with the King of Prussia. After the 1831 death of her husband, <mask> continued her dedication to the creative community. She published a collection of seven songs in public support of Prussian music director Gaspare Spontini, under duress at the time. Works

 Goethes Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde, 1835 (Goethe's correspondence with a child – English translation)
 Die Günderode, 1840 [Miss Günderode] (a fictionalized correspondence with her friend, the poet Karoline <mask>e (1780–1806))
 Dies Buch gehört dem König, 1843 (This Book Belongs to the King)
 Clemens Brentanos Frühlingskranz, aus Jugendbriefen ihm geflochten, wie er selbst schriftlich verlangte, 1844 (Clemens Brentano's Spring Wreath, woven for him from the letters of his youth, as he requested in writing) (genuine letters to and from her brother)
 Ilius Pamphilius und die Ambrosia, 1848
 An die aufgelöste Preußische Nationalversammlung, 1849
 with Gisela <mask>: Das Leben der Hochgräfin Gritta von Rattenzuhausbeiuns, 1840
"Tale of the Lucky Purse" (German: Erzählung vom Heckebeutel), a tale that reflects the social sensibilities of the time in regards to the issue of poverty.It was part of her unpublished papers for her  Armenbuch (documents  of poverty). The tale also reworks the motif of the magical inexhaustible purse found in the European tale of Fortunatus. Letters

 Bunzel, Wolfgang,ed. : Bettine <mask>: Letzte Liebe. Das unbekannte Briefbuch. Berlin 2019. <mask>'s letters to  her friend Julius Döring.Renate Moering, ed., Achim <mask> – Bettine Brentano verh. von Arnim: Briefwechsel. 3 vols. Complete edition after the original manuscripts with commentary, Reichert, Wiesbaden 2019. Gajek, Enid and Bernhard Gajek, eds., Bettine <mask>, <mask> Pückler-Muskau, »Die Leidenschaft ist der Schlüssel zur Welt«. Briefwechsel 1832–1844 (“Passion is the key to the world.” Correspondence 1832–1844), with commentary, Cotta, Stuttgart 2001,

Legacy
The German-American settlement of Bettina in the state of Texas was founded in 1847, and named by its progressive, idealistic founders after Bettina von Arnim. Located near the juncture of Elm Creek and the Llano River, it lasted only a year.No trace of the Bettina community survives, though two of its three founders subsequently became prominent: Gustav Schleicher, later a U.S. congressman and namesake of Schleicher County, and Dr. Ferdinand Ludwig Herff, who in 1854 became the first surgeon to use anesthesia in Texas. The community's third founder was Hermann Spiess. Part of <mask>'s design for a colossal statue of Goethe, executed in marble by the sculptor Carl Johann Steinhäuser (1813–1878), was displayed in the museum at Weimar in 1911. The chamber opera Bettina by Friedrich Schenker, which was premiered in Berlin in 1987, deals with her friendship to Karoline <mask>nderrode. From 1991 until 31 December 2001, her portrait was on the German 5-Deutsche Mark bill. In 2006, the German government turned Künstlerhaus Schloss Wiepersdorf, the estate of the von Arnims, into a literary institute. The institute contains a museum devoted to the von Arnims' literary legacy.References

External links

1785 births
1859 deaths
19th-century German composers
19th-century German women writers
Bettina
German women composers
German illustrators
German-language poets
German women novelists
People from the Free City of Frankfurt
Writers from Hesse
19th-century women composers

masks:
Bettina von Arnim
Bettina
von Arnim
Am von Arnim
von Arnim
Bettina
von Arnim
Sophie von
Bettina
Bettina
Friedrich von
von Gürod
Bettina
Bettina
Bettina
von Arnim
Bettina
Hermann von
von Arnim
von Arnim
Peter von
Bettina
von Hel
von Arnim
Von Arnim
Bettina
von Gürod
von Arnim
von Arnim
Arnim
von Arnim
von Arnim
Hermann von
von Arnim
von Gü