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<mask> (November 14, 1741 – February 18, 1818) (sometimes referred to as Katepacomen), was an American colonial of Irish descent from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, who served as a liaison between the British and their Indian allies during the American Revolution. He was portrayed as a villain, and was also featured this way in 19th and early 20th-century fiction from the United States. As children, <mask> and his brothers were taken captive in Pennsylvania in a Seneca raid and adopted. He lived with the Seneca for seven years and became fully assimilated, preferring their culture. He was returned to his birth family but retained a sympathy for the Indians. Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> the Elder and Mary Newton near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. <mask> the Elder arrived in North America in 1730 from Ireland.The accepted spelling of <mask>'s name was most likely a "colonial derivation of McGearty, Gearty, Garrity, Garrarghty, Geraghty or Girtee" and a corruption and Anglicization of an older native Irish surname Mag Oireachtach. After establishing a trading post, <mask> the Elder and Mary Newton had four sons: Thomas, <mask>, James, and George, in 1739–1746. In May 1750, the Sheriff arrested the entire Girty family, along with other squatters, for building a home on Sherman's Creek on the Susquehanna River, before the British authorities allowed any settlers to build there. The British authorities—specifically, George Croghan—also burned down the Girty home, shed, barn, and corral. All squatters were forced to post bonds of £500 each, and were bound for trial at Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Court. <mask>'s father killed
In December 1750, <mask> the Elder and Samuel Sanders (or Saunders) fought, or dueled, which ended with Girty's death. After both men fired a shot and missed, they pulled out their swords."Girty made a misstep and fell. Sanders treacherously ran him through with his sword, which caused his death". Saunders was either a "convict, an escaped bond servant, a soldier, or a rival trader who competed with Girty and murdered him to steal his trade goods". Samuel Saunders was subsequently arrested, tried in Philadelphia, convicted of manslaughter, and imprisoned. One source says that <mask> the Elder's head was split with a tomahawk by an Indian called "The Fish", and that John Turner, his half-brother, avenged Girty by killing "The Fish". Thomas McKee and George Gibson applied for <mask> the Elder's estate (his house and land) and persuaded William Plumsted, the mayor of Philadelphia, to backdate their application by a full year to make it appear legal. McKee claimed Girty owed him £300 for trade goods he sold to Girty on credit.Plumsted went along with Gibson and McKee's scheme, and McKee was subsequently awarded Girty's estate. Three years after <mask> the Elder was killed, his wife Mary married John Turner, his half-brother (and in some versions of the story, her husband's avenger). They settled near to the land once owned by <mask> the Elder. In 1754, John Turner Jr. was born. During the French and Indian War (1754–1763), the area where they had their farm became too dangerous, with numerous war parties attacking settlers, so John Turner took his new family to  Fort Granville on the Juniata River in western Pennsylvania, along with dozens of other English families looking for safety. At Fort Granville, John Turner joined the local militia under Captain Edward Ward and was promoted to Sergeant, Ward's third in command. On August 2, 1756, Captain Ward had taken the majority of the militia out on patrol, which was known to the local Lenape tribe.Captain François Coulon de Villiers attacked Fort Granville with 55 French soldiers and about 100 Lenape Indians. Villiers' force snuck along Juniata River and set the stockade on fire. This made a large hole, through which they killed an officer and an enlisted man, and wounded several men who were fighting the fire. Villiers then offered quarter if the fort surrendered, so John Turner, as the ranking living officer, opened the gate. After marching the prisoners away from the fort, the French and Lenape plundered the fort and burned it to the ground. The Lenape then took the prisoners to Kittanning, their village on the Allegheny River. The torture and death of John Turner
The Lenape had previously traded with <mask> the Elder, and they recognized his wife and children.One tradition says the Lenape sincerely believed that John Turner was the man who had killed <mask> the Elder in order to take his house, land, and family. Other traditions say that the Lenape recognized him as Girty's avenger and killer of "The Fish", or that they thought that John Turner had badly beaten an Indian. For whichever reason, Chief Jacobs (Toweah) of the Lenape and his council condemned John Turner to be burned at the stake. The Muncey Lenape pushed red-hot gun barrels into and through John Turner's body. John Turner endured three hours of ritualistic torture before he was scalped, and a young Lenape struck a tomahawk into his brain, killing him, all in front of his wife, stepchildren, and newborn baby. <mask> escaped his Lenape captivity during the British-led Kittanning Expedition on September 8, 1756. After the Kittanning Expedition, the Indians split the <mask> family up; they were sent to live with different tribes.Thirteen-year-old <mask> was taken by Shawnee warriors, as were Mary and baby John Turner. The Lenape kept 10-year-old George Girty. Fifteen-year-old <mask> was given to Guyasuta, Chief of the Ohio Seneca (Mingoes), and lived in a village near Lake Erie's east shore in northwestern Pennsylvania. Guyasuta, <mask>y's mentor
After he gained the respect of the Mingoes by running the gauntlet successfully, the Mingo pulled out all of <mask>'s hair, leaving just a scalplock on his crown. Later, <mask> was given "breechcoth and leggings, a deerskin shirt, and moccasins". <mask> lived with Guyasuta for seven years. He was returned to the British in November 1764, during a prisoner exchange after the end of Pontiac's War.During the period when <mask> lived with them (1756–1764), Guyasuta and the Ohio Seneca  fought in many battles against the British in the French and Indian War. Guyasuta was instrumental in defeat of Major James Grant at the Battle of Fort Duquesne on September 14, 1758. The French and Indian War officially ended in 1763, but  hostilities between the Indians and the British continued in Pontiac's War. Guyasuta and the Ohio Seneca were allied with Pontiac, and fought the British alongside his warriors at the July 1763 Siege of Fort Pitt, the July 31, 1763 Battle of Bloody Run, the August 5–6, 1763 Battle of Bushy Run, and the September 14, 1763 Devil's Hole Massacre (the deadliest engagement for British soldiers during the war). It's unclear if <mask> fought along with Guyasuta in this war. On October 17, 1764, British commander Henry Bouquet demanded that the Ohio Indians return all captives, including those not yet returned from the French and Indian War. Chief Guyasuta and other native leaders reluctantly handed over more than 200 captives, many of whom had been adopted into Indian families.On November 14, 1764, <mask> returned to the British after a prisoner exchange, and resurfaced near Fort Pitt. <mask>y knew 11 languages, had become fully assimilated with the Seneca, and preferred their way of life. <mask> was the principal interpreter at the signing of the Treaty of Fort Stanwix between the Iroquois and the British. Role in American Revolution
During the American Revolution, Girty first sided with the colonial revolutionaries. He later served with the Loyalists and their Indian allies, including many Seneca and three other Iroquois nations. American rebel frontiersmen considered him a renegade and turncoat. Lord Dunmore's War
Simon served alongside, with and for George Rogers Clark, <mask>, Thomas and Edward Cunningham (Rangers), Daniel Boone (Ranger), Colonel William Crawford, Daniel Morgan and William Caldwell, fighting for the British during Lord Dunmore's War.<mask> served in the capacity of a spy, scout and intermediary for Lord Dunmore with the Shawnees. The war began with the Yellow Creek Massacre on April 30, 1774, when Virginia frontiersmen led by Daniel Greathouse killed the family of Mingo war-leader Johnny Logan, who had been friendly to Americans. The Indians were defeated at the Battle of Point Pleasant. After Chief Cornstalk signed the Treaty of Camp Charlotte, Dunmore sent Girty to bring Johnny Logan to the capitulation proceedings. <mask> found Logan, but Logan wouldn't come. He told Girty his thoughts and feelings regarding the entire ordeal in Logan's Lament, which Girty repeated to the British officers. At the conclusion of the war, <mask> was a commissioned Lieutenant in the Virginia Militia.This unit was disbanded the following year. <mask> was among the early Virginia Frontiersmen to draft up the Original First Declaration of Independence. They had just returned from a successful campaign under Lord Dunmore and discovered the passage of the Intolerable Acts. This meant they could find themselves under orders to stop an uprising of their own countrymen. If they were to raise any objection, this could be seen as treason. Instead of keeping quiet, they took matters into their own hands and many settled amid the great danger west of the Alleghenies in open defiance of the Royal Proclamation of 1763. Among their number were many famous as intrepid frontiersmen and others who were soon to gain fame as officers in the Revolution: <mask>,  the notorious <mask>, Michael Cresap, Colonel William Crawford, George Rogers Clark, Adam Stephen and Daniel Morgan.These men were not easily intimidated. The Squaw Campaign
During the American Revolution, Girty initially served with American forces against Indian allies of the British. In early 1778, the Americans sent an expedition to destroy Indian stores and supplies along the Cuyahoga River in northeastern Ohio. The force of 500 American volunteers was led by General Edward Hand, Colonel William Crawford (a land speculator and close friend of George Washington), and Colonel Providence Mounts, and included Girty. They set out on February 8, 1778. They marched out of Fort Pitt, crossed

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 the Allegheny River, and went 22 miles down the Ohio River over the ancient Indian trails called the "Great Path", to the mouth of the Beaver River. One morning Major James Brenton asked <mask> to help him find his horse.After finding the horse, Brenton and <mask> were returning to camp, when they heard gunfire near the forks of the Beaver River (the confluence of the Mahoning and Shenango). The Americans had come across Kuskuskee, an old, nearly abandoned Lenape village, and attacked before inquiring about who was residing there. An old man, who was digging up stored corn behind his house, shot one round from his musket at the Americans, wounding Captain David Scott and breaking his arm. Reasin Virgin killed the old man with his tomahawk. A woman ran out of the cabin with her hands up, and she leaned against a tree. Several American volunteers "ran up, fell upon, shot and killed her". Another woman and a group of children ran from a cabin and disappeared into the woods.An old Indian woman came out of a cabin with her hands up, and the Americans fired many shots at her, only being able to shoot one of her fingers off, before Hand and Crawford ordered the troops to cease firing. The old woman confirmed that the old man that they had shot was her husband, Bull. Bull's brother was Hopocan ("Captain Pipe"), the principal Lenape chief. The dead woman was Captain Pipe's mother. The old woman also mentioned that there were 10 Muncie warriors at a nearby saltlick 10 miles up the Mahoning River (at present day Niles, Ohio). General Hand sent <mask> and a dozen American volunteers to scout for these warriors, but they only found five Lenape women (one of whom they kept as a hostage), and a young Indian boy. The Lenape boy, who was hunting birds in a tree by himself with a bow and arrow, was killed.Americans Zach Connell and Squire Forman argued over who got the boy's scalp

On March 3, Hand returned to Fort Pitt with "a few Indian muskets, pots and pans, two Indian women captives, and a pair of scalps". George Morgan apologized to the Lenapes, who at the time were neutral. Defection, Not Desertion

<mask>y talked to <mask> the night before he defected. In early 1778, when Edward Hand was the Commander of Fort Pitt, <mask>y discovered the North-Western tribes were uniting against the Americans. This would involve the entire frontier and this was the turning point that would allow the seductive promises of Elliot and McKee to succeed in turning <mask>. On March 28, 1778, Alexander McKee (Scots-Irish Loyalist), Matthew Elliott, and <mask>y all defected on the same night. Along with them was Robert Surphlit (McKee's cousin), a man named Higgins (an employee), and two of McKee's black slaves.Seven men left McKee's house in Pittsburgh, and absconded west into the Ohio country, and towards the British stronghold in Detroit. A few hours later, a party of American soldiers arrived at the house to take McKee to the Pittsburgh prison. The seven defectors stopped by Coshocton, the capital of the Lenape. After the murders of Captain Pipe's mother and brother, the Lenape's loyalties were split. Captain Pipe wanted war on the Americans, and White Eyes wanted peace. <mask>y made a pledge for war, and the Lenape agreed. While in Coshocton, <mask> met his brother <mask>, who joined <mask> in his defection.<mask> eventually followed in his brothers' footsteps, and also defected. A Pennsylvania court declared <mask>, James, and <mask>, along with Alexander McKee and Matthew Elliot, to be outlaws, guilty of treason, and placed an $800 bounty on <mask>'s head. On April 20, 1778, <mask>, along with Edward Hazel, a British Indian agent, and Leatherlips, a Wyandot chief, reached Detroit, where Henry Hamilton employed <mask> at sixteen shillings a day. On October 1, 1779, <mask> and Alexander McKee, leading a large force of Indians, ambushed American forces in present-day Northern Kentucky. The Americans were returning from an expedition to New Orleans. The ambush occurred near Dayton, Kentucky, across the Ohio River from Cincinnati, Ohio. Only a handful of the Americans survived, among them Colonel John Campbell and Captain Robert Benham.In August 1782, <mask>, under the command at William Caldwell, along with about 300 Shawnee natives and British Canadians, attacked Bryan Station. Three days later, they ambushed Daniel Boone at the Battle of Blue Licks. Girty is credited with saving the lives of many American prisoners of the Indians during the war, often by buying their freedom at his own expense. Role in Northwest Indian War
<mask> was hired by George Morgan who was serving as the Patriot Commissioner of Indian Affairs Middle District. <mask> was to serve as an interpreter and intermediary to the Six Nations. It was <mask> that negotiated the first treaty with the Indians. He was sent to represent the United American States and addressed the Grand Council of the Iroquois League at Onondaga, New York.He successfully returned to Pittsburgh. Words were exchanged and <mask> was fired. During the Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), Girty fought alongside the Wyandots and other Indians. He fought the Americans at St. Clair's Defeat in 1791, the greatest defeat the United States Army has ever known. Resettlement in Upper Canada
After the end of the war, <mask>y settled in Upper Canada (now Ontario) along with other Loyalists and Indian allies of the British, such as nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. They were granted land by the British Crown in recognition of their service during the war. He retired to his farm near Fort Malden (present-day Amherstburg, Ontario) prior to the outbreak of the War of 1812.<mask>'s son was killed in that conflict, reportedly while trying to rescue a wounded British officer from the battlefield. Despite popular myths to the contrary, <mask> had no part in that war, except as a refugee when the British retreated from Fort Malden; nor was he killed with Tecumseh at the Battle of the Thames, as was widely reported. Then more than sixty years old, he was increasingly infirm with arthritis and failing eyesight. Girty returned to his farm in Canada after the war and died in 1818, completely blind. Representation in culture
<mask>, the Outlaw. An Historical Romance (1846), was a novel by Uriah James Jones portraying him as a renegade. <mask>y: "The White Savage" A Romance of the Border (1880) was a novel by Charles McKnight.<mask> is a pivotal figure, objectively represented in the Allan Eckert historical novel The Frontiersmen. <mask>, along with his brothers, is vilified in Zane Grey's frontier trilogy series, Betty Zane, The Spirit of the Border and The Last Trail. Joseph Altsheler features <mask> as a turncoat and villain in several of his "Young Trailer Series" of eight juvenile fiction books, published from 1907–1911. <mask> is played by John Carradine in the 1936 film Daniel Boone. <mask> was featured as one of the jury members in Stephen Vincent Benet's short story "The Devil and Daniel Webster" and in the 1941 movie of the same title. In that story, he is described as "the renegade, who saw white men burned at the stake and whooped with the Indians to see them burn". <mask> is played by Kem Dibbs and portrayed as a French/Cherokee renegade, working with a fictional Shawnee chief against Daniel Boone in the 1956 film Daniel Boone, Trailblazer.Hugh Henry Brackenridge edited the detailed recollections of a witness to Crawford's execution. Published as Dr. Knight's Narrative, this account influenced <mask>'s reputation as a renegade. 20th-century historians have researched the account and questioned the bias of Brackenridge in his version. <mask> is featured as a character in Julius de Gruyter's novel Drum Beats on the Sandusky (1969). This novel portrays one of Crawford's young volunteer soldiers' reprieve from Indian capture and his subsequent adventures in Girty's custody. Canadian playwright Ed Butts wrote a play entitled, The Fame of <mask>. Girty: Historical Fiction in Prose and Poetry, by Richard Taylor.Girty appears as a character in the fictional novel The Dakota Cipher by William Dietrich. At the beginning of Episode 12, Season 2, airing December 12, 1966, "The Night of the Man Eating House", of the CBS TV show The Wild Wild West, the title character, James West (Robert Conrad), mentions Girty, along with Benedict Arnold as he describes the escaped prisoner he, his partner Artemus Gordon (Ross Martin) and the Sheriff (William Talman)  have been assigned to return to prison: Liston Day (Hurd Hatfield). Thirty years earlier, in the Anglos' struggle with the Mexicans for Texas, Day was charged with and convicted of being a renegade and a traitor, guilty of the deaths of many Americans—like Girty. Like <mask>, Day grows old and feeble—at least by the beginning of the episode. He is featured as an ambiguous renegade character in Hugo Pratt's graphic novel Fort Wheeling (1962). Girty is featured in the Deerfoot novels by Edward S. Ellis. He is the main character in Indian Lover by Lewis Owen.He is the main character in the graphic novel, Wilderness: The True Story of <mask>, The Renegade by Timothy Truman, published from 1989–1990. His choosing to fight on the side of the Native Americans is the inspiration for the 2002 song "Simon Girty's Decision" by Todd Tamanend Clark. He is mentioned in Flood Tides Along the Allegheny. <mask> is the main antagonist/central character of historical drama The White Savage at Trumpet in the Land in New Philadelphia, Ohio. <mask> the historical figure is portrayed as clever yet sadistic in Harlan Hatcher's book Lake Erie. Girty appears in Ann Finlayson's historical young adult novel Greenhorn on the Frontier

Notes

References

Further reading

{{citation|ref=none |last=Butterfield |first=Consul Willshire |title=History of the Girtys. Cincinnati: Clarke, 1890}}

Leighton, Douglas."<mask>". Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online'', 1983. 1741 births
1818 deaths
British Indian Department
Loyalist military personnel of the American Revolutionary War
People from Amherstburg, Ontario
Pre-Confederation Ontario people
American people of the Northwest Indian War
Loyalists in the American Revolution from Pennsylvania
People of colonial Pennsylvania
Captives of Native

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<mask> (born December 2, 1971 in Tallinn) is an Estonian composer, poet and essayist who has been living in Germany since 2005. His compositions often consist of original poetry set to music and are based on cosmopolitan life experience. His art combines diversity of style with psychological observation. Life
<mask> grew up in Tallinn. He attended the Tallinn Music High School from 1979 to 1990. His first composition teacher was Lepo Sumera. The pianistic training he received in Tallinn took him as far as the concert exam, which enabled him to subsequently work as a pianist and organist.Life in Soviet Estonia at this time was characterized by strong pressure towards Russification. <mask>’s open interest in Russian culture, however, familiar to him from an early age, remained unaffected. From 1990 to 1992 <mask> studied composition at the Fryderyk-Chopin-Music-Academy in Warsaw. From 1992 to 2005 he lived in Finland. From 1994 onwards, he studied composition with Veli-Matti Puumala and Tapio Nevanlinna at the Sibelius Academy in Helsinki, earning a master's degree in 2004. In addition, he worked as an organist at the Church of the Cross in Lahti and as a radio essayist for Finnish and Estonian radio stations, wrote occasional scripts for documentary films and was also employed as a TV producer. In 1993 he met the Estonian-Swedish pianist and writer Käbi Laretei, who <mask> himself calls his most important mentor.For a decade and a half, he remained in close contact with her and her former husband, the Swedish film and theatre director Ingmar Bergman. Bergman introduced <mask> to the tradition of Ibsen’s and Strindberg’s Northern-European drama and to the psychological characterization of dramatic figures. <mask>’s first prose works were soon followed by poetry written in English. This paved the way for writing his own libretti for his operas Puhdistus (Purge) in Finnish and Peer Gynt in German. In 2000 he won the International Rostrum of Composers, the composition award of the UNESCO’s International Music Council; the same body honored him again in 2006. From 2000 to 2001 he held a fellowship at the Berlin Academy of Arts. In 2005 <mask> moved to Berlin, Germany, and since 2017 he has been living in Frankfurt am Main.<mask> is a Finnish citizen. Works
<mask>’s aesthetics have two aspects: on the one hand, decided modernism with all its attendant harshness of sound, and a steadfastly courageous romanticism on the other. Thus, his music takes on many different sound guises. His large-scale works, especially the operas, take a middle path between the two aspects. They adhere to a psychological understanding of drama, but expand the means of expression beyond the tradition familiar today. <mask> often combines advanced methods of sound production with classical narrative structures. The stringent development of the work’s form goes hand-in-hand with a thematic opening toward other art forms, questions of theology, politics, general history and everyday life.The main focus, however, remains on the immediate, sensual presence of art. Stage works: ballets and operas
<mask> first worked in Germany in 2000 and 2001, mainly in cooperation with the choreographer Michaela Fünfhausen. The ballets Dialog I, Luft-Wasser-Erde-Feuer-Luft and his radio opera The Opposite Shore merge structural thinking as it was taught at the Sibelius Academy with influences of sound art, some of them employing electronically processed sounds of nature. Ten years after the ballets, <mask> independently reworked the bestseller novel "Puhdistus" by Sofi Oksanen into an opera with his own libretto: this is <mask>’s first dramatic work as a poet and also a political work, and its importance was registered internationally. The world premiere took place in 2012 at the Finnish National Opera in Helsinki. Peer Gynt was subsequently commissioned by the Norwegian National Opera in Oslo and its artistic director Per Boye Hansen. Tracing Henrik Ibsen’s drama, which became a national symbol of Norway due to Edvard Grieg's music, <mask> questions the importance of national symbols today.At the same time, he sets the story within the horizon of a theology of grace following Søren Kierkegaard. The world premiere took place on November 29, 2014. The opera was met with large media response, partly because of its connotation of the 2011 Norway attacks committed by Anders Behring Breivik, partly because of its dealing with topics such as euthanasia and the lassitude of Western culture. <mask> received the Estonian State Award for “Peer Gynt” in 2015. Works based on <mask>’s own poetry
Since the creation of t.i.m.e for solo flute and narrators (2005), <mask>’s non-theatrical works have often also been settings of his own poetry, mostly written originally in English. His writing most often takes the form of free verse, but also features complex meters and rhyme forms. His language employs symbols with several layers of meaning and allusions to literary history, especially in a series of poems based on English Romantic authors.Thus, Norilsk, the Daffodils (for orchestra and narrator) makes reference to William Wordsworth, The Empire of May (for chamber ensemble and voice) to John Keats and The Arrival at the Ligurian Sea (for solo flute and chamber ensemble) to Percy Bysshe Shelley. His 2009 Requiem (for chamber choir, solo flute and narrator) deals with death and dying in today’s world. Although <mask> does not use religious terms and forms, his Requiem remains open to an interpretation of death as found in Christian faith. The cycle Four Quartets combines his own poems with string quartets and follows T. S. Eliot’s work of the same title. Like Eliot, <mask> sets out to turn concrete life places into symbols of human existence. In the pre-recorded tape for the first of the Four Quartets, <mask> uses original sound documents from the maternity ward’s delivery room at the Central Hospital in Tallinn. Further works
In <mask>’s other works, one often finds genre borders crossed and various techniques combined, for example the incorporation of documentary material into aesthetically through-composed music by means of Musique concrète.Thus, his Livonian Lament (2003) uses sound recordings from the Livonian Coast, commemorating the slow death of the Livonian language, long marginalized. Harmonically, his early Double Quartet with Solo Piano of 1994 still offers clear references. Later works maintain such tonal conceptions, but they are less obvious. Often, Reinvere does entirely without the links of tonality, relying on instrumental and vocal sounds and the sound of narration, closer to noise than to precisely defined pitch. Clearly arranged textures are used according to a classical understanding of polyphony. Time, shaped dramaturgically, enables the listener to develop listening expectations while simultaneously confronting him with the unforeseen. Essays
Reinvere’s essays deal with the verbal and non-verbal transmission of thoughts and feelings, as well as the manipulation or even destruction of cultural memory.These topics mainly reflect his own biography and the life of <mask>’s Estonian forebears, but he also discusses the general condition of Europe and the USA. Drawing upon his experiences in Finnish parish life and his life in cities such as Berlin, Moscow, London, Florence and Warsaw, <mask> also investigates phenomena such as consolation, grace or beauty – which people experience without being able to produce or fabricate them. The proximity of squalor and sublimity, similar to the themes of Fyodor Dostoyevsky writings, appears in <mask>’s essays and in his poetry. Since November 2013, <mask> has occasionally contributed opinion pieces on current events to the daily German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. There, he questioned in principle whether Western strategies were likely to improve the situation of sexual minorities in Russia. In another article, <mask> described the fears of Russian intervention in the Baltic States after the annexation of Crimea in 2014 as based on the yet-unresolved experiences of 1939/40 and the period after 1990. Lately, his articles for the FAZ have been about strategies of the Soviet and post-Soviet factionalism in the interplay between inner political conflicts and Western attention.Since 2015 he has been part of the staff of the Finnish Music Magazine “RondoClassic”, since 2016 he has also commented cultural-analytical and political issues for the national leading daily paper “Postimees” as well as for the Estonian weekly paper “Sirp”. For his annotations in the latter, he received the annual Enn Soosaar Award, now known as the Ethical Essayists Award, in Tallinn in 2017. Musical works (selection)
 Peer Gynt, opera based on  play by Henrik Ibsen (2014)
 Puhdistus („Purge“), opera based on the novel of the same title by Sofi Oksanen
 Requiem (for Solo Flute and four Male Voices, with video, 2009)
 Norilsk, the Daffodils (for Symphony Orchestra and spoken word from the tape, 2012)
 Lieder bei schwindendem Licht. Five poems for soprano and orchestra (2016)
 Double Concerto for two German flutes, string orchestra and drums (2016)
 Four Quartets I-III (for string quartet and narrator from tape, 2012-2016)
 Frost at Midnight (for Bass Flute and Chorus, 2008)
 The Empire of May (for Chamber Ensemble, 2010)
 Written in the Sand (for Symphony Orchestra, 2001)
 Luft-Wasser-Erde-Feuer-Luft (for the Michaela Fünfhausen's Ballet “The Feathered Serpent”, 2003)
 Double Quartet with Piano Solo (1994)
 Northwest Bow (for Chamber Ensemble, 1998)
 The Opposite Shore (Radio-Opera, 2003)
 Livonian Lament (Tape, 2003)
 t.i.m.e. (for Solo Flute and Electronics, with video, 2005)
 Causerie des confiseurs. Miniatures for eight pianos and sixteen hands (2016)
 Under progress: Works for orchestra for the Göteborgs Symfoniker (2018)

Discography
 2009 a second...a century
 2010 Requiem (CD+DVD)

References

External links
 Official Website
 Sofi Oksanen about Jüri Reinvere
 Full list of works  (Eesti Muusika Infokeskus)
 Jüri Reinvere on YouTube and Soundcloud

1971 births
Living people
People from Tallinn
Musicians from Tallinn
Tallinn Music High School alumni
International Rostrum of Composers prize-winners
20th-century Estonian composers
21st-century Estonian composers
Estonian expatriates in Finland
Finnish people of Estonian descent
Naturalized citizens of Finland

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<mask> (; born 21 May 1973) is an English actor, artist, comedian, musician, presenter, and writer. He is best known for his work with The Mighty Boosh comedy troupe alongside Julian Barratt in the 2000s, and more recently as a co-presenter of The Great British Bake Off since 2017. He is known for his dark and surreal comedic style. In the 1990s, <mask> began performing stand-up comedy and met Barratt on the comedy circuit. Together, they produced a 2001 radio series called The Boosh for BBC Radio London. This was followed by the television show The Mighty Boosh, which ran for three series on BBC Three from 2004 to 2007. The show generated a cult following and won a variety of awards.During the 2000s, <mask> also had smaller roles in a number of comedy shows for Channel 4 including Nathan Barley, The IT Crowd, AD/BC: A Rock Opera, and Garth Marenghi's Darkplace. After The Mighty Boosh, he wrote and starred in two series of a solo show for Channel 4 called <mask>'s Luxury Comedy, which ran between 2012 and 2014. He also appeared as himself as a team captain on the BBC Two comedy panel show Never Mind the Buzzcocks from 2009 to 2015 and as a guest on Richard Ayoade's Travel Man series. <mask> has also exhibited his paintings in London and collaborated with Fendi for their autumn/winter 2021 menswear collection. He is the founder of the band Loose Tapestries, which he formed with Kasabian guitarist Sergio Pizzorno. Early life
<mask> was born in the Westminster area of London on 21 May 1973, the son of Royal Mail manager <mask> (born 1953) and Yvonne Fagan (1953–1990) , and grew up in Pollards Hill near Croydon. He is of French descent through his grandmother.His parents, still teenagers upon his birth, separated some time after he was born. His comedic partner Julian Barratt described <mask>’s upbringing as “feral”; according to an article in The Sunday Times, <mask>'s parents "had lots of parties" during his childhood, and <mask> has described how they would party through the night and that he would have to step over the bodies of their sleeping friends in the mornings as he got up. When <mask> was three years old, his father remarried, and <mask> was mostly raised by his grandmother. He describes his grandmother as someone he had a lot of respect for, saying in 2011 to The Guardian, “My grandma is really strong. I like strong women. That's what I respond to." His father and stepmother Diane would later become more involved in parenting during <mask>’s mother’s illness in the 1980s.His mother had two more children before dying in 1990 aged 37 years old, from complications caused by liver damage. His younger paternal half-brother, Michael, later played various characters in <mask>'s television comedy shows, and his father and stepmother would also appear. <mask> had several cameos as a Chris de Burgh on The Mighty Boosh. <mask> was educated at Croydon School of Art, then studied for a BA in Graphic Design and Advertising at Buckinghamshire New University, then called Buckinghamshire Chilterns University College in High Wycombe, where he lived with friends and future collaborators Dave Brown and Nigel Coan. He graduated in 1995. He also shared an apartment in Edinburgh with fellow comedians Julian Barratt, Simon Evans, and Lee Mack. Career

Stand-up comedy
In 2010, <mask> was supposed to perform a solo tour across the country.It was cancelled, however, so he could concentrate on writing The Mighty Boosh film with Julian Barratt and creating an album. <mask> announced via Twitter that he was too busy to do the tour. In 2015, he told The Guardian that the film was something he talked about writing with Barratt. His album was released in June 2016. In 2010 and 2014, he took part in Channel 4's Comedy Gala, a benefit show held in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital. The Mighty Boosh

The Mighty Boosh has won the Shockwaves NME Best TV Award three times: in 2007, 2008, and 2010. Television

At Bill Bailey's request, <mask> stood in as a team captain for three episodes during series 21 of Never Mind the Buzzcocks.He also achieved a record for the highest team score ever on the show. When Bailey returned, presenter Simon Amstell made various jokes about <mask>'s departure. In 2009, Bailey left the show and <mask> became one of the regular team captains. According to Neil Gaiman's blog, <mask> was scheduled to appear in the film Stardust, but had to drop out due to ill health. He also participated twice with Russell Brand in 2006 and 2007 on the annual quiz show The Big Fat Quiz of the Year. He participated again in 2010, 2013, 2017, 2018 and 2019, with Richard Ayoade. In 2011, he took part in Catherine Tate's TV movie Laughing at the Noughties in which he and other British comedians discussed the comedy highlights of the noughties.<mask> produced his first solo series for Channel 4 network's E4 channel in 2011, as the broadcaster invested an additional £5 million in its comedy budget following the cancellation of reality show Big Brother. <mask> said of the project, tentatively titled <mask>: Boopus: "I want to make something in the spirit of Spike Milligan or the Kenny Everett Show but using modern techniques. Blending filmed comedy with animation. Television needs a madman! I want the show to be psychedelic and beautiful but have charm and personality. If Dalí made a show hopefully it would look like this." The show began broadcasting in January 2012, titled <mask>'s Luxury Comedy.The show's second series, titled <mask>'s Luxury Comedy 2: Tales From Painted Hawaii, was first broadcast on E4 in 2014. Also in 2011, <mask> performed Kate Bush's "Wuthering Heights" dance routine for Series 3 of Let's Dance For Comic Relief, and reached the grand final. In March 2017 it was revealed that <mask> would co-host the upcoming series of The Great British Bake Off alongside Sandi Toksvig. <mask> appeared as a contestant on Series 4 of the Dave comedy panel game Taskmaster in 2017, hosted by Greg Davies and Alex Horne: he was the overall series winner. In January 2018, he was a panellist on QI alongside Russell Brand and Aisling Bea. Radio
In November 2007, <mask> starred in five episodes of BBC Radio 2 show Vic Reeves' House Arrest as a local vagrant who knocks on Reeves' door once a week to ask for work. Music
<mask> has appeared in several music videos, including Mint Royale's "Blue Song", alongside Julian Barratt, Nick Frost and Michael Smiley.The video was directed by Edgar Wright and served as the inspiration for the opening sequence of his film Baby Driver (2017). He also made a brief appearance in the video for Razorlight's "In the Morning". He appeared in music videos for the Robots in Disguise songs "Girl" (alongside Chris Corner who was, at the time, boyfriend to Sue Denim), "The Tears", and "Turn It Up". In 2009, <mask> was involved in the Kasabian video "Vlad the Impaler", in which he plays the titular character, and reprised the role at the 2014 Glastonbury Festival. The music video was directed by Richard Ayoade. He was referenced in Kasabian's "La Fée Verte", a track on their Velociraptor! album (his friend Sergio Pizzorno said "The line, 'I met Dalí in the street.'Dalí is <mask>. And he is the modern-day Dalí"). <mask> also makes a brief appearance as Vlad in the video for another Kasabian song, "Re-Wired", riding a five-seater bicycle with the band, and appears as a patient in a psychiatric hospital in "You're In Love With a Psycho", in which he re-enacts the broken mirror routine from the Marx Brothers film Duck Soup with Pizzorno and Tom Meighan. He has also appeared in Kate Bush's music video "Deeper Understanding" as a means of thanks for the Let's Dance For Comic Relief performance. Art

He held his first exhibition, entitled Psychedelic Dreams of the Jelly Fox, at Maison Bertaux, a patisserie in Greek Street, Soho in early 2008. There <mask> listed some of his inspirations as Henri Rousseau, René Magritte, Willem de Kooning, Roy Lichtenstein, and Dexter Dalwood. He has stated that he has been heavily influenced by the works of Salvador Dalí.A second exhibition entitled Bryan Ferry vs the Jelly Fox took place at Maison Bertaux, from 5 July 2010 through to 5 January 2011. On 6 September 2011, <mask> received an honorary master's degree from Buckinghamshire New University for his ongoing interest in the graphics area and support for many art organisations. In October 2011, <mask> released an art book called Scribblings of a Madcap Shambleton, which he produced along with The Mighty Boosh cast member Dave Brown. It features many of his old and new paintings, drawings and photography. <mask>'s video installation of The Jelly Fox was shown at the Saatchi Gallery, and in 2012 he created a unique piece inspired by The Beatles for Liverpool Love at the Museum of Liverpool. In March 2015, his exhibition He Wore Dreams Around Unkind Faces was shown at the Royal Albert Hall. In January 2021, the luxury fashion house Fendi unveiled a collection featuring abstract takes on the brand's logo, created by <mask>.Personal life
<mask> was formerly in a relationship with Robots in Disguise lead vocalist Dee Plume, who made minor appearances in The Mighty Boosh and in its live adaptations. He began dating radio DJ Lliana Bird sometime around 2010. They reside in the Highgate area of London. Their first child, a daughter named Dali (after artist Salvador Dalí), was born in 2018. The couple's second daughter, Iggy, was born in August 2020. In 2009, a Sunday Times article revealed that <mask> had contracted hepatitis during his college years; he said that he was helped through this time by his friend and collaborator Nigel Coan. This forced him not to drink alcohol for six months, which led him to become teetotal for a couple of years.He said, "I used to be able to enjoy myself with just nothing. I'd stay up till four in the morning, with everyone else being drunk. Just make a bit of effort and you can get used to it." <mask> was named one of GQs 50 best dressed British men in 2015. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

References

External links

Official website

PBJ Artist Page
<mask>: a brush with comic genius

1973 births
Living people
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English comedians
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of Buckinghamshire New University
Alumni of Croydon College
British surrealist artists
Comedians from London
English comedy writers
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English people of French descent
English satirists
English writers
NME Awards winners
People from Westminster

masks:
Noel Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Noel Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Ray Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Ray Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Noel Fielding
Noel Fielding
Noel Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Noel
Noel Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Fielding
Noel Fielding


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<mask> (born Buckinghamshire, England) is an English-Australian singer-songwriter. Early life
<mask> was born in England, but his family soon emigrated to Singapore and then Australia when he was 4 years old. <mask> was educated at Sydney Grammar School and went on to complete a Bachelor of Arts/Commerce at the University of Sydney. It was during his time at university that <mask> learned to play the acoustic guitar. Career

In 2006, <mask> independently released his debut EP, Cellophane Life. This unpolished 6 track collection provided an introduction to <mask>'s lyrical hand and emotive sound. The title track along with Baptism By Fire elevated <mask> as a finalist in Commercial Radio Australia's coveted New Artist To Radio competition.Following on in 2007, <mask> hit the road with then current Australian Idol winner Damien Leith, performing to thousands across the country. Shortly after, he came to the attention of Peer Music, the world's largest independent music publisher, and subsequently signed a global deal. Kicking off 2008, <mask> set out on the road again, headlining shows along the east coast of Australia. He then set off to Europe for two months, performing across Ireland, England, France, and Germany; teaming up with songwriter Adam Argyle (Mel C, Newton Faulkner, Wes Carr); and working with David Gray's team in his London studio. The success of the European tour saw <mask> invited to return as part of the Popkomm conference in Berlin, where he showcased to industry members from around the globe. <mask> returned to Australia to finish his follow-up EP, Counting Down the Hours, which delivered a more polished, fully produced side to his music. The title track along with "Keep Fighting" once again placed him as a finalist in the New Artist to Radio competition, with <mask> going on to receive airplay on various commercial and community stations across the country.In early 2009, <mask> was invited to perform for deployed Australian troops in the Solomon Islands. In an effort to make more of his music publicly available, <mask> launched a campaign called 'A Year of YouTube' beginning in April. The premise of the campaign being to release an original song each week over the course of a year. With <mask>'s live reputation continuing to grow, he signed on with the Harbour Agency, Australia's largest booking agency. This relationship was solidified with Sydney residencies, where <mask> performed week after week, and followed on with a national tour supporting Diesel. The following year, 2010, launched in similar fashion with <mask> touring Australia supporting Michael Bolton. This quickly followed up with more tours alongside Ian Moss (Cold Chisel), Jon Stevens (Noiseworks), and Shannon Noll, before heading to China to represent Australia and perform at World Expo.<mask> then finished the year performing at arenas around the country alongside Brian Wilson, Chicago, America, and Peter Frampton. Meanwhile, with sales of his EPs, available only at shows and exceeding 20,000 copies, <mask> returned to the studio to record his debut album Truth Came Running with producer Sean Carey, guitarist for the band Thirsty Merc. With its release in March 2011, <mask> returned to the road, while lead single "All I Ever Wanted" had been receiving radio and television play on stations across the country. The film clip for "All I Ever Wanted" was shot on the streets of Cape Town, South Africa by photographer Adrian Steirn and his 21 Icons Global Project team. October 2011 marked the release of <mask>'s third EP, Sweet White Lies. Lead single "My Friend" received radio play across the nation, and he hit the road again for his A Friend on the Road tour. During 2011, <mask> also supported Boyce Avenue on their Australian tour, and performed for VIPs at Kings of Leon's show at Allphones Arena, Sydney.In early 2012, <mask> released Live at the Basement, a live album recorded at The Basement (Sydney) during the A Friend on the Road tour. He returned to the road in March 2012 for his Caught in a Moment national tour. Shortly after this tour, <mask> released a solo acoustic album titled Hand Picked and performed a handful of shows in churches in Sydney and Melbourne. Coinciding with the release of his single "Benny's on the Rooftop" from his then-forthcoming album Let the River Run in October 2012, <mask> set off on his Benny's on the Rooftop Tour, performing at venues across the country. <mask> began pre-production for his second studio album in November 2012, working with producer Ollie McGill (The Cat Empire). The album, entitled Let the River Run was released in August 2013, and shot to No. 2 on the Australian iTunes singer-songwriter album chart and No.20 overall on the Australian iTunes album chart. The album hit No. 1 on iTunes charts in November 2013. The album was mastered at the Abby Lane Studios in London and distributed by MGM in Australia and New Zealand, with worldwide digital distribution. Tours

<mask> previewed Let the River Run in April 2013 at five shows in Sydney, two shows in London, and shows in Berlin and Dublin. He kicked off a world tour in August 2013 to support the release, with shows across Australia and debut tour dates in the U.S. In 2014, <mask> completed his largest tour across Australia, with a follow-up theatre tour in capital cities.During the European leg of the tour, <mask> was discovered in the Netherlands by Humberto Tan while busking in Dam Square in the afternoon to a large audience that had assembled. Tan invited him to be a guest on his talk show, RTL Late Night, where <mask> was given very positive remarks by Dutch artists. He was allowed to perform for a couple of minutes at the end of the show and as a result his name started trending on social media and his music began charting in the Netherlands. In October 2015, <mask> returned to the U.S. for tour dates in San Francisco; Portland, Oregon; Boston; Atlanta; Nashville, Tennessee; and New York City for another showcase at CMJ. The following December, <mask> released Hand Picked Vol. 2, the second in his acoustic series, which debuted at No. 2 on iTunes singer-songwriter charts.Shortly after, in February 2016, <mask> released the EP Come with Me Tonight, a preview of his forthcoming third studio album. Rolling Stone premiered the first official video for "Another Necklace" from Come with Me Tonight. <mask> kicked off a world tour to support the album in May 2016 with dates across Australia, New Zealand, Europe, the UK, and the U.S. in September 2016, with dates in New York, Atlanta, Boston, and Nashville, including shows at venues such as the Bluebird Café. <mask> has performed across Australia, New Zealand, Europe and the U.S. He has opened arena and major theatre tours nationally for artists including Eric Clapton, Peter Frampton, Brian Wilson, Chicago, America, and Seal, among others. He has performed for VIPs at Kings of Leon and Santana concerts, represented Australia at the World Expo in China, and entertained deployed troops in the Solomon Islands. <mask> has also headlined European tours, performing to capacity crowds in London, Paris, and Berlin.It was on one such trip that brought <mask> to the attention of David Gray's producer, Iestyn Polson, and he was invited to record in Gray's Church Studio with his band backing <mask> up. In a review of <mask>'s set during his 2013 world tour, The Music wrote, "His voice is supreme and crisp...<mask> is one of the rare artists whose vocals embody a kind of charisma that pulls you in and forces you to do the rarest thing in the world...feel." Discography

Albums

Extended plays

Singles

References

Australian singer-songwriters
Australian guitarists
Australian buskers
English male singers
English emigrants to Australia
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Australian male guitarists
Australian male singer-songwriters

masks:
Mark Edward Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Mark
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Wilkinson
Mark
Wilkinson
Wilkinson


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<mask> (June 20, 1913 – November 11, 1986) was a Spanish-Puerto Rican painter, sculptor and graphic artist. He was dubbed "The Caribbean Gauguin" for his use of bold colors and depictions of island life. <mask> is considered one of the greatest Latin American post-modern artists and recognition and demand for his artwork continues to grow today, fetching unprecedented auction prices. <mask> never attached to any particular artistic school or movement and was a protean artist: he developed his own artistic style. <mask> was a versatile and many-sided artist who worked in all artistic media at his reach:  oil paintings, drawing, printmaking, bronze sculptures, wood carving, photography and mosaics. Life and work

<mask> was born in the small town of Cangas do Morrazo in Galicia, in the northwestern region of Spain. <mask> was one of six children (four girls and two boys) of <mask>, a businessman in the fish canning industry and Bonis Barros y del Amo.<mask>'s father died in 1918 after contracting the Spanish influenza. In the 1920s and, after the bankruptcy of the family business, his mother and siblings moved to Bordeaux, France, and lived there until 1935. While in France, <mask>'s mother wanted Angel to become a farmer but he wanted to be an architect. In France, architecture is considered a fine art rather than a science and students must take art courses. <mask> and his younger brother Manuel studied during four years at the École des Beaux-Arts, from which they graduated with honors and where they excelled in drawing, painting and modeling. In 1935 <mask> returned to Spain where he applied and was accepted with a scholarship at the School of Art of the San Fernando Academy in Madrid. The few paintings that remain of the young <mask>'s work in France and Spain reflect an immediate break from his strictly academic training to the impressionist and post-impressionist concepts and techniques that shaped his development.The Spanish Civil War started in 1936, which made him leave his studies and join the Republican Army as a cartographer. He fought in the Spanish Civil War together with his brother Manuel, who died in the war field. In 1939, the Spanish Civil War ended with a victory for General Francisco Franco which made it impossible to stay in Spain, <mask> eventually returned to France to meet with his family who were in a refugee camp. The family decided to leave Europe and move to the Dominican Republic where he was warmly received. The community of Dominican artists included him as one of their own and many of the paintings created at this time were presented at the "Latin American Art Exposition" at the Riverside Museum in 1940. During that year, the <mask> family traveled to Cuba, where they stayed for eight months. Upon their return to Santo Domingo, his paintings were noted by the Peruvian ambassador there who invited <mask> to show them in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 1944.After his arriving to Haiti, <mask> met Christiane Auguste, who became his wife and artistic manager. After his marriage, <mask> changed his artistic plans to move to Mexico to meet with the greatest Mexican artist Diego Rivera and stayed in Haiti. <mask> became increasingly recognized and critically acclaimed. His Haitian landscapes and figure studies are considered to be some of his best works. In Haiti, <mask> developed his artistic career of woodworking. For ten years, the <mask> family lived in Haiti until 1953 when they moved to San Juan, Puerto Rico, where they would reside permanently. By this time, he already had gained international recognition in the world of plastic arts.A painting by <mask> entitled 'Mother and Child' featured on an episode of Discovery Channel's Auction Kings during the show's second series achieving a price of $17,000. <mask> in Puerto Rico

After the <mask> family left Haiti and arrived in Puerto Rico in 1953, they opened their first art gallery at the Caribe Hilton Hotel. Later, they established a second art gallery in Old San Juan. <mask> stated that the light and bright colors of the tropics opened a new world for him and stimulated his creativity. From the 1960s until his death in 1986 his work became more personal, as it was enriched by his new favorite theme: his three children. The deep love that he felt for his children and his family is reflected in his later paintings and sculptures. In 1959, <mask> traveled to Ravenna, Italy to learn about the mosaic technique and produced some mosaics but quickly abandoned the technique, convinced that he had mastered it.In the 1960s, <mask> became interested in printmaking after an art dealer reproduced some of his paintings using this technique. <mask> refused to sign these reproductions because he was not consulted and had not worked personally on the final production of the prints. For that reason, <mask> traveled to Paris, France and learned printmaking techniques. He became a master in printmaking and graphic design. Some of his best printmaking works are his linocuts, lithographs and serigraphs. By the beginning of the 1980s, <mask> started a double artistic career in painting and sculpture. In 1985, <mask>, who was a heavy smoker, was diagnosed with lung cancer and knowing that his life was in danger, then accelerated his artistic production pace and never surrendered to his illness.In the last year of his life, at age 73, <mask> produced the incredible amount of 22 bronze sculptures in large format. The 33 years that <mask> lived in Puerto Rico are considered the most prolific period in his artistic career, in terms of the quality of his paintings and sculptures and the quantity of artwork produced and art media used. This artistic period of <mask> in Puerto Rico has a strong figurative and surrealist influence and is the period that brought most recognition to the artist. His works of this period are known in Puerto Rico as the "Botellian Style",  recognized by his caricature figures, especially girls. <mask> died in San Juan, Puerto Rico on November 11, 1986 leaving behind an impressive legacy of oil paintings, lithographs, linocuts,  serigraphs and bronze sculptures. His former house located at Old San Juan, Puerto Rico now is an art gallery where his paintings, sculptures and artwork of other outstanding Puerto Rican and international artists are displayed. Selected exhibitions

 Pratt Institute, Exxon Exhibition, 1972
 Ponce Museum of Art, Puerto Rico, 1977
 Nahan Galleries Art Expo, Washington DC and New York, 1980
 La Galerie Des Serbes Cannes, France, 1987
 Sotheby's, New York, 1987
 Christie's, London, 1990

Permanent collections

 Hakone Art Museum, Hakone, Japan
 Harn Museum of Art, Gainesville, FL
 Kennedy Center, Washington, DC
 Fresno Art Institute, Fresno, California
 Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, Ohio
 George Washington University, Washington, DC
 Hispanic Museum, New York

See also
List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links
 Atlas Galleries-Showcasing the works of <mask> for over 30 years
Botello Art Gallery

1913 births
1986 deaths
People from Cangas, Pontevedra
Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction)
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France
Puerto Rican people of Galician descent
Spanish emigrants to Puerto Rico
20th-century Spanish painters
Spanish male painters
Puerto Rican painters
Puerto Rican sculptors
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century male artists
American male sculptors
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba

masks:
Ángel Botello
Botello
Ángel Botello
Botello
Angel Botello
Botello
Angel Botello y Suárez
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Ángel Botello
Botello
Botello
Botello
Ángel Botello
Botello


texts:
<mask> (born October 6, 1985) is a Canadian professional baseball pitcher who is a free agent. He previously played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Seattle Mariners, and Minnesota Twins, as well as in the KBO League for the Hanwha Eagles and for the Orix Buffaloes of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Prior to beginning his professional career, he played college baseball at the University of Kentucky. <mask> has also competed for the Canadian national baseball team. <mask> also has a career batting average of 1.000 through 3 plate appearances

Professional career
<mask> went to high school at John Paul II Collegiate. He was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 12th round (346th overall) of the 2004 Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign. <mask> enrolled at the University of Kentucky, where he played college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA Division I.At Kentucky, <mask> pitched in 81 games (fifth most in Wildcats history), recording 20 wins (fourth most in Wildcats history), and 12 saves (third most in Wildcats history). San Diego Padres
The San Diego Padres selected <mask> in the 10th round (315th overall) of the 2008 Major League Baseball draft. After signing with the Padres, <mask> made his professional debut with the Arizona League Padres of the Rookie-level Arizona League, making five appearances. <mask> missed the 2009 season after tearing an ulnar collateral ligament in his pitching elbow during spring training, which required Tommy John surgery. Quebec Capitales
The Padres released <mask>, and he pitched for the Québec Capitales of the independent Can-Am Association in 2010. With Québec, <mask> had a 3-0 win–loss record, 17 saves and a 1.40 earned run average (ERA). Minnesota Twins
<mask> tried out for teams in Arizona during spring training in 2011, and drove to Florida to try out for the Minnesota Twins.The Twins signed <mask> to a minor league contract, and he pitched for the Fort Myers Miracle of the Class-A Advanced Florida State League and New Britain Rock Cats of the Double-A Eastern League in 2011. <mask> played for the Canadian national baseball team. In 2011, he participated in the 2011 Baseball World Cup, winning the bronze medal, and the Pan American Games, winning the gold medal. <mask> pitched  innings in the gold medal game. Along with his teammates, <mask> was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in 2012. <mask> was also named Saskatchewan's male athlete of the year. <mask> was called up by the Twins on August 3, 2013, to replace fellow Canadian Scott Diamond, who was optioned to Triple-A.At the time of his call-up, <mask> had posted a record of 11–5 and a 2.86 ERA with the Rochester Red Wings, with an International League-leading 116 strikeouts. On August 6, 2013, <mask> made his MLB debut and earned the win, pitching 8 scoreless innings against the Kansas City Royals and yielding just 4 hits and 1 walk while striking out 2. In his second career start on August 12, <mask> threw his first complete game and shutout, defeating the Cleveland Indians 3–0. <mask> gave up 2 hits, no walks, and struck out 2 batters. In 2013, <mask> posted a 6–13 record with a 5.89 ERA. Hanwha Eagles
On January 30, 2014, the Twins released <mask>, allowing him to sign with the Hanwha Eagles of the Korea Baseball Organization. On April 2, 2014, <mask> made his KBO debut.The Eagles declined <mask>' option for 2015, making him a free agent. Toronto Blue Jays
On December 16, 2014, <mask> signed a minor-league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays that included an invitation to spring training. He did not make the team, and was assigned to the Buffalo Bisons, their Triple-A affiliate. In 2015, <mask> was the Opening Day starter for Buffalo. <mask> had his contract purchased by the Blue Jays on May 1, after Daniel Norris was optioned to Buffalo and Maicer Izturis was moved to the 60-day disabled list. After pitching in one game, he was optioned back to Buffalo on May 2. <mask> elected free agency on November 6.Lancaster Barnstormers
On March 3, 2016, <mask> signed with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. Minnesota Twins (second stint)
On April 27, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Minnesota Twins. On August 11, <mask> was brought up to the Twins from the Triple-A Rochester Red Wings. Pitching against the Houston Astros the same day, he made the longest relief appearance of any major league reliever in 2016 by both number of innings pitched (6) and pitches thrown (108). He was optioned back on August 14, and recalled on August 26. He was assigned outright to Rochester on October 17. He elected free agency on October 18.Atlanta Braves
In December 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. He went 12–3 with a 2.61 ERA and 115 strikeouts for the Triple-A Gwinnett Braves of the International League. Seattle Mariners
On August 11, 2017, <mask> was traded to the Seattle Mariners in exchange for cash considerations. After pitching well in several starts, he was moved to the bullpen to allow pitchers who had recovered from their injuries rejoin the starting rotation. He logged his first career save on September 25, 2017. On December 18, 2017, the Mariners released <mask> to pursue an opportunity in Japan. Orix Buffaloes
On December 21, 2017, he signed a one-year, $900,000 contract with the Orix Buffaloes of the Nippon Professional Baseball(NPB).On April 4, 2018, <mask> made his NPB debut. He was selected for the . On December 20, 2019, <mask> signed a 1-year extension to remain with the Buffaloes. On December 2, 2020, he became a free agent. Minnesota Twins (third stint)
On February 8, 2021, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Minnesota Twins, that also included an invitation to Spring Training, marking his third stint with the organization. After posting a 3.86 ERA with 78 strikeouts through 16 appearances with the Triple-A St. Paul Saints, the Twins selected <mask>' contract on August 19. That night, <mask> made his first Major League appearance in four years in a game against the New York Yankees.<mask> made 5 appearances for the Twins, going 1-2 with a 7.58 ERA and 12 strikeouts. <mask> was outrighted off of the 40-man roster on October 8. On October 14, <mask> elected free agency. References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Arizona League Padres players
Baseball players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Baseball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Baseball people from Saskatchewan
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Bravos de Margarita players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Canadian expatriate baseball players in Japan
Canadian expatriate baseball players in South Korea
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Fort Myers Miracle players
Gulf Coast Twins players
Gwinnett Braves players
Hanwha Eagles players
KBO League pitchers
Kentucky Wildcats baseball players
Lancaster Barnstormers players
Major League Baseball players from Canada
Major League Baseball pitchers
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
Minnesota Twins players
New Britain Rock Cats players
Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers
Orix Buffaloes players
Pan American Games gold medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Québec Capitales players
Rochester Red Wings players
Seattle Mariners players
Sportspeople from North Battleford
St. Paul Saints players
Toronto Blue Jays players
World Baseball Classic players of Canada
2013 World Baseball Classic players
2015 WBSC Premier12 players
2017 World Baseball Classic players

masks:
Andrew William Albers
Albers
Albers
Albers
Albers
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Albers
Albers
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Albers
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<mask> (born June 20, 1942) is an American singer-songwriter. She was a member of The Miracles from 1957 to 1972. Her brother Emerson "Sonny" <mask> was a founding member of the group, which before 1957 was named "The Matadors." <mask> replaced her brother in the group after he was drafted into the U.S. Army. In 2012, <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame with the rest of the original Miracles, including her cousin <mask>, Pete Moore, Ronald White, and Marv Tarplin. She was inducted alongside her former husband, Miracles lead singer <mask>. Biography
<mask> and <mask> were married on November 7, 1959.Smokey and <mask> had plans to raise a family, but the rough music touring life caused Claudette to have seven miscarriages. <mask> co-wrote the number-one Motown single "My Girl" with Miracles member Ronald White in dedication to Claudette, a song performed most notably by The Temptations. The song was originally intended to be recorded by The Miracles. The <mask>s have two children, and both have Motown-referenced names: Berry William Borope <mask> was named after label chief Berry Gordy with his first middle name, "William", in honor of his father (William "Smokey" <mask>), and his second middle name in honor of fellow Miracles group mates Bobby (<mask>), Ronnie (White) and Pete (Moore), and Tamla <mask> <mask> was named after Motown's original record label, Tamla Records. with her middle name "<mask>", after her mom. Smokey <mask> and <mask> were divorced in 1986, after 27 years of marriage. Motown founder Berry Gordy gave Claudette the official title of the "First Lady of Motown", as noted in his autobiography, because, as a member of the Miracles, Motown's first group and first recording act, she was the first female artist ever signed to a Motown-affiliated record label (Tamla).Several years ago, <mask> began writing her autobiography, A Miraculous Life, a book of her memoirs, and of her life with the Miracles. <mask> is a board member of the national Rhythm & Blues Foundation and the HAL Awards. Her cousin, original Miracles member <mask> toured with the last incarnation of the Miracles throughout the United States, Canada and Europe, until his death in 2013. <mask> still performs and makes selected appearances with the Miracles. <mask> can be seen on stage with the Miracles live at the Apollo Theatre in a rare 1962 film clip on the 2006 Motown/Universal DVD release, Smokey Robinson & the Miracles: The Definitive Performances. She can also be seen onstage with original Miracles, Smokey <mask>, her cousin <mask>, Pete Moore, and Marv Tarplin (but not Ronnie White) on the DVD release of The "Motown 25" Television Special. 2020 Biofilm

"The First Lady of Motown: The <mask> <mask> Story,"  is a biographical documentary of the life and career of <mask> <mask>, including her years as a founding member of The Miracles.It is scheduled for a 2021 release and is currently in post-production. It includes interviews with her former husband, Smokey <mask>, their children, Berry and Tamla <mask>, Motown founder Berry Gordy, Mary Wilson of The Supremes, Martha Reeves of Martha and the Vandellas, Kim Weston, Jayne Kennedy and more. It includes archive footage of deceased Miracles: Ronnie White, Pete Moore, Marv Tarplin, and her cousin, <mask>. Awards

Claudette and the original members of The Miracles were honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 20, 2009. Berry Gordy's Motown Record Corporation's signature act; their first Group, and their first million selling act was the Miracles. Without the Miracles there would be no Motown, quoted Berry Gordy, 3/20/2009
Without The Miracles there would be no Stevie Wonder, quoted Stevie Wonder, 3/20/2009
Gold & Platinum Record (Single & Album) Awards (Sales of more than 500,000 or 1,000,000 units)
Worldwide over 60 million records sold. 26 of the Miracles single releases reached the Top 10 Billboard R&B Charts
Four of the Miracles songs reached #1 on Billboard R&B Charts
16 releases of the Miracles' recordings reached the Top 20 of Billboard's Hot 100 List with 7 Top 10s, and 2 Pop #1's ("The Tears of a Clown" and "Love Machine").A third song, The Miracles' first million-seller "Shop Around", reached #1 on the Cash Box Magazine "Top 100" Pop Chart. Four time inductees Grammy Hall of Fame. (The most of any Motown group.) Doo-Wop Hall of Fame Inductees. Triple induction Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's "500 Best" song List. Double recipient of the prestigious "Heroes and Legends" Award. Rhythm & Blues Foundation "Pioneer Award" winners .Vocal Group Hall of Fame Induction & Award. Spirit of Detroit Award
Rolling Stone Magazine named the Miracles  # 32 in their list of The 100 Greatest Rock n' Roll Artists" of All Time. (The highest-ranking Motown group on the Rolling Stone listing). Billboard Magazine & VH1 list the Miracles among "The 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Under the terms of the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, the Library's National Recording Preservation Board announced the Miracles' million seller, "Tracks of My Tears" being "culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant" to preserve for all time in the United States Library of Congress. Miracles Boulevard and Miracles Park, Detroit, Michigan (Woodbridge Estates) named for and in honor of Motown group "The Miracles" . Governor of the state of Michigan, Certificate of Tribute and recognition of the Miracles and their importance to the state of Michigan and the city of Detroit for tremendous accomplishments in the music industry.Mayor of Detroit Proclamation to The Miracles for a Lifetime of history making accomplishments in music. Resolution Award, the Detroit City Council gave the Highest Honor they can present to the Miracles for 5 decades of unchallenged achievements in the music industry. City of Beverly Hills, California, Beverly Hills Mayor & City Council Proclamation recognizing the Miracles contributions to the music industry and American Culture. The Miracles received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 20, 2009. The Miracles Day in Hollywood, March 20, 2009.Goldmine Magazine'' names The Miracles one of the "20 Greatest Doo-Wop Groups of All Time" . The Miracles were retroactively inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012 alongside Smokey <mask>. Rock Hall of Fame controversy and 2012 Miracles induction
In 1987, Smokey <mask> was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a solo artist.However, in a controversial decision, the other original members of the Miracles—<mask>, Ronnie White, Pete Moore, Marv Tarplin, and <mask> <mask>—were not. In 2012, it was finally announced that, after a 26-year wait, <mask> <mask> would be automatically and retroactively inducted with the rest of the Miracles into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame alongside Miracles lead singer Smokey <mask>. References

External links
 The Official First Lady of Motown - <mask> <mask> Website

 KLEAN Radio interview with <mask> <mask> and son <mask> on YouTube

African-American women singers
American soul musicians
The Miracles members
1942 births
Living people
Musicians from Detroit
Motown artists
American women singers
American sopranos

masks:
Claudette Annette Rogers Robinson
Rogers
Claudette
Claudette
Bobby Rogers
Smokey Robinson
Claudette Rogers
Smokey Robinson
Claudette
Robinson
Robinson
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Rogers
Claudette
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Claudette
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Bobby Rogers
Claudette
Claudette
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Bobby Rogers
Claudette
Robinson
Claudette
Robinson
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Bobby Rogers
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Bobby Rogers
Claudette
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Claudette
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Berry Robinson


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<mask> (Brooklyn - New York City, December 18, 1932 / Menlo Park - California, June 10, 2011) was an American pediatrician. She was an advocate for primary health care worldwide. Her academic and professional life was almost fully dedicated to the Johns Hopkins University. Biography
<mask> studied medicine between 1954 and 1959 at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and graduated magna cum laude. She specialized in pediatrics between 1959 and 1962 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. She obtained her Masters in Public Health in 1963 at the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health. She was placed in charge of the Department of Health Policy and Management of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore in 1994.Her books have been translated into several languages. She was a member of many scientific societies, and an adviser for many official healthcare institutions around the world. She was a member of the editorial board and a reviewer for several internationally renowned medical journals. She led projects to develop important methodological tools, including the Primary Care Assessment Tool, the CHIP tools (to assess adolescent and child health status), and the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) for assessment of diagnosed morbidity burdens reflecting degrees of co-morbidity. <mask> was the co-founder and first president of the International Society for Equity in Health, a scientific organization devoted to the dissemination of knowledge about the determinants of inequity in health and finding ways to eliminate them. Her work thus focuses on quality of care, health status assessment, primary care evaluation, and equity in health. Honors and awards
 2000: Honorary Fellow, Royal College of General Practitioners (UK).2000: Maurice Wood Lifetime Achievement Award, North American Primary Care Research Group
 2002: Lifetime Achievement Award, Ambulatory Pediatric Association. 2002: Morehouse School of Medicine Excellence in Primary Care Award. 2004: Baxter International Foundation Prize for Health Services Research. 2005: John G. Walsh Award for Lifetime Contributions to Family Medicine, American Academy of Family Physicians. 2005: Doctora honoris causa por la University of Montreal
 2006: Avedis Donabedian Award for Leadership in Quality of Care, Avedis Donabedian Foundation. 2007: Fifth Annual Award for Excellence and Innovation and Value Purchasing. National Business Group on Health, Washington DC.2007: Avedis Donabedian Award for Quality Improvement. American Public Health Association (Medical Care Section), Washington DC. Publications

Books
 Starfield B. Primare care. Concept, evaluation and policy. Nueva York: Oxford University Press; 1992. Starfield B. Primary Care: Balancing Health Needs, Services, and Technology.New York: Oxford University Press; 1998. <mask> B. Population health: new paradigms and implications for health information systems. In: Friedman DJ, Hunter EL, Parrish RG, eds. Health Statistics: Shaping Policy and Practice to Improve the Population’s Health. New York: Oxford University Press; 2005. p. 462-79. <mask> B, Gervas J.Family medicine should encourage its clinicians to specialize: negative position. In: Buetow SA, Kenealy TW. Ideological Debates in Family Medicine. New York: Nova Science Publishers; 2007. p.107-19. Starfield B. Social gradients and child health. In: Heggenhougen HK, Quah SR (eds).International Encyclopedia of Public Health. San Diego (CA): Academic Press; 2008. Vol 6, p. 87-101. Rajmil L, Starfield B. Inequalities in child health. Chapter IV. In: Moving Forward Equity in Health: Monitoring Social Determinants of Health and the Reduction of Health Inequalities. Madrid: Ministry of Health and Social Policy of Spain; 2010. p.32-6.Scientific articles
 Starfield B. Primary Care and Health. A Cross-National Comparison. JAMA. 1991; 266:2268–71. Starfield B, Simpson L. Primary Care as Part of U.S. Health Services Reform. JAMA.1993; 269:3136–9. Gérvas J, Pérez Fernández M, Starfield B. Primary Care, Financing and Gatekeeping in Western Europe. Fam Pract. 1994; 11(3):307-17. <mask> B. Is Primary Care Essential?Lancet. 1994; 344:1129–33. <mask> B, Cassady C, Nanda J, Forrest CB, Berk R.  Consumer Experiences and Provider Perceptions of the Quality of Primary Care: Implications for Managed Care. Journal Family Practice. 1998; 46:216–26. Shi L, <mask> B, Kennedy BP, Kawachi I. Income inequality, primary care, and health indicators.J Fam Pract. 1999; 48:275-84. Starfield B. Is US health really the best in the world?. JAMA. 2000; 284(4):483-4. Starfield B.New paradigms for quality in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2001; 51:303-9. <mask> B, Forrest CB, Nutting PA, von Schrader S. Variability in Physician Referral Decisions. Journal American Board Family Practice. 2002; 15:473–80. <mask> B, Shi L. Policy Relevant Determinants of Health: An International Perspective.Health Policy. 2002; 60:201–18. <mask> B, Lemke KW, Bernhardt T, Foldes SS, Forrest CB, Weiner JP. Comorbidity: Implications for the Importance of Primary Care in "Case" Management. Annals Family Medicine. 2003; 1:8–14. <mask> B.Research in general practice: co-morbidity, referrals, and the roles of general practitioners and specialists. SEMERGEN. 2003; 29(Supl 1):7-16. Starfield B, Shi L. The Medical Home, Access to Care, and Insurance: A Review of Evidence. Pediatrics. 2004; 113:1493–8. Starfield B.The Primary Solution. Put doctors where they count. Boston Review. Nov/Dec 2005. <mask> B, Lemke KW, Herbert R, Pavlovich WD, Anderson G. Comorbidity and the Use of Primary Care and Specialist Care in the Elderly. Annals Family Medicine. 2005; 3(3):215-222.Starfield B, Shi L, Macinko J. Contribution of Primary Care to Health Systems and Health. Milbank Quarterly. 2005; 83(3):457–502. Harzheim E, Starfield B, Rajmil l, Álvarez-Dardet C, Stein AT. Consistência interna e confiabilidade da versão em português do Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (PCATool-Brasil) para serviços de saúde infantil. Cad Saúde Pública, Rio de Janeiro.2006; 22(8):1649-59. <mask> B, Shi L. Primary care and health outcomes: a health services research challenge (commentary). Health Serv Res. 2007; 42(6 Pt 1):2252-6. Valderas JM, <mask> B, Salisbury C. Definitions of chronic health conditions in childhood. JAMA. 2007; 298:1636.Valderas JM, Starfield B, Roland M. Multimorbidity’s many challenges: A research priority in the UK. BMJ. 2007; 334(7604):1128. Starfield B, Shi L. Commentary: The impact of primary care and what states can do. North Carolina Medical Journal. 2007; 68:204-7. Starfield B. Co-morbidity and its challenges for quality of primary care (editorial).Rev Port Clin Geral. 2007; 23:179-80. Starfield B. Pathways of influence on equity in health: A rejoinder to Braveman and Wilkinson. Soc Sci Med. 2007; 64(7):1371-2. Gervas J, <mask> B, Violan C, Minue S. GPs with special interests: unanswered questions.Br J Gen Pract. 2007; 57:912-7. <mask> B, Fryer GE Jr. The primary care workforce: ethical and policy implications. Ann Fam Med. 2007; 5:486-91. <mask> B, Birn A-E. Income redistribution is not enough: income inequality, social welfare programs, and achieving equity in health.J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007; 61:1038-41. Starfield B. Global health, equity, and primary care. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007; 20(6):511-3. Pasarin MI, Berra S, Rajmil L, Solans M, Borrell C, Starfield B. Un instrumento para la evaluación de la atención primaria de salud desde la perspectiva de la población.Aten Primaria. 2007; 39(8):395-401. Gérvas J, <mask> B, Minué S, Violan C, Seminario de Innovación en Atención Primaria 2007. Algunas causas (y soluciones) de la pérdida de prestigio de la medicina general/de familia. Contra el descrédito del héroe. Aten Primaria. 2007; 39(11):615-8.Beasley JW, Starfield B, vanWeel C, Rosser WW, Haq CL. Global health and primary care research. J Am Board Fam Med. 2007; 20(6):518-26. Pueyo MJ, Serra-Sutton V, Alonso J, Starfield B, Rajmil L. Self-reported social class in adolescents: validity and relationship with gradients in self-reported health. BMC Health Services Research. 2007; 7:151.Forrest CB, Shadmi E, Nutting PA, Starfield B. Specialty referral completion among primary care patients: results from the ASPN Referral Study. Ann Fam Med. 2007; 5:361-7. <mask> B, Horder J. Interpersonal continuity: old and new perspectives. Br J Gen Pract. 2007; 57(540):527-9.Starfield B. Pathways of influence on equity in health. Soc Sci Med. 2007; 64(7):1355-62. Macinko J, Starfield B, Shi L. Quantifying the health benefits of primary care physician supply in the United States. Int J Health Serv. 2007; 37(1):111-26.Gervas J, <mask> B, Heath I. Is clinical prevention better than cure? Lancet. 2008; 372:1997-9. <mask> B. Refocusing the system. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(20):2087, 2091.Lee TH, Bodenheimer T, Goroll AH, Starfield B, Treadway K. Perspective roundtable: redesigning primary care. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(20):e24. Starfield B. Access, primary care, and the medical home: rights of passage (commentary). Med Care. 2008; 46:1015-16.Starfield B. The biggest bang for the buck: a conversation with <mask>, M.D., M.P.H. Interview by Sallie Rixey. Md Med. 2008; 9(3):11-3. Rawaf S, De Maeseneer J, <mask> B. From Alma-Ata to Almaty: a new start for primary health care.Lancet. 2008; 372(9647):1365-7. <mask> B. An evidence base for primary care. Managed Care. 2008; 17(6):33-26, 39. <mask> B, Hyde J, Gérvas J, Heath I.The concept of prevention: a good idea gone astray? J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008; 62:580-3. Alonso J, Urzola D, Serra-Sutton V, Tebe C, Starfield B, Riley AW, Rajmil L. Validity of the health profile-types of the Spanish Child Health and Illness Profile – Adolescent Edition (CHIP-AE). Value in Health. 2008; 11:440-9. <mask> B.The importance of primary care in health systems. (editorial). Hong Kong Practitioner. 2008; 30:1-2. Starfield B. Quality and outcomes framework: patient-centred (comment). Lancet.2008; 372:692-4. <mask> B. Primary care in Canada: coming or going? (commentary). Healthc Pap. 2008; 8:58-62; discussion 64-7. Starfield B, Gérvas J. Prevención de la población al paciente y viceversa ¿Es la prevención una función de la Atención Primaria?.El Médico. 2009; (1104):34-6. Starfield B. Family Medicine Should Shape Reform, Not Vice Versa. Family Practice Management. 28/05/2009. Primary Care and Equity in Health: The Importance to Effectiveness and Equity of Responsiveness to Peoples' Needs; <mask>; Humanity & Society, Vol 33, Issue 1-2, pp.56-73; February 1, 2009; 10.1177/016059760903300105. Starfield B. Toward international primary care reform. CMAJ. 2009; 180(11):1091-2. <mask> B. Re-inventing primary care: lessons from Canada for the United States. Health Aff.2010; 29:1030-6. <mask> B. Commentary on regular primary care lowers hospitalisation risk and mortality in seniors with chronic respiratory disease. J Gen Intern Med. 2010; 25:758-9. Starfield B. Primary care, specialist care, and chronic care: can they interlock? Chest.2010; 137:8-10. Starfield B. The hidden inequity in health care (editorial). International Journal Equity Health. 2011; 10:15. Berra S, Rocha KB, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Pasarín MI, Rajmil L, Borrell C, Starfield B. Properties of a short questionnaire for assessing Primary Care experiences for children in a population survey.BMC Public Health. 2011; 11:285. Conferences
 Starfield B. General Practice as an Integral Part of the Health System. 16th Nordic Conference on General Practice. Copenhagen, Denmark; May 13-16, 2009. Bibliographic search
 PubMed: <mask>
 Google books: <mask>
 Google scholar: <mask>
 ScientificCommons: <mask>

See also
 Health administration
 Health policy
 Primary Care
 Public health

References

Bibliography
 The <mask> collection.WONCA. Retrieved on 18/11/2012. External links
 Profesora <mask>. Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg, School of Public Health. International Journal for Equity in Health
 International Society for Equity in Health

1932 births
2011 deaths
American pediatricians
Johns Hopkins University faculty
SUNY Downstate Medical Center alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni
Women pediatricians

masks:
Barbara Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Starfield
Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Barbara Starfield
Barbara Starfield


texts:
<mask> (born Milan, 17 May 1939) is an Italian writer, poet, literary critic, journalist and translator. His reputation is mainly due to the novel Gli occhi di una donna, which earned him the important Italian award Premio Campiello in 1985. He has a keen interest in Central Asia and Tibetan history and culture, and in recent years has travelled all of the Silk Road through Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and many provinces of China, among which Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Qinghai and obviously Xizang (Tibet). Biography
Born in Milan and grown up near Lake Como, he graduated from Bocconi University and then worked for sixteen years in publishing (Einaudi, Sansoni, Longanesi), as Chief Press Officer before becoming a freelance author. He has been constantly active in Anglo-American narrative, of which he is also a translator and reviewer for several dailies, weeklies and monthlies. He was a professional novelist for more than twenty years, and a publicist for more than thirty. In 1973 he published a small collection of poems, Per rompere qualcosa, followed by other poems published on various literary publications or anthologies (Il Verri, Altri termini, Pianura etc.).He has also published fourteen novels and, more recently, three books of travel memories (see detailed lists below). Trivia: In the very first youth he also wore the Italian blue jersey of the junior and university teams of athletics, being included in the first prospective team for the Olympic Games in Rome, 1960, where unfortunately he could not participate due to injury. In 1994 he was awarded the Literary Prize of CONI, Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano. Travels
<mask> has begun his travels in 1968, and in 2003 he has collected his memories in his first book of travels Güle Gule. Parti con un sorriso. 35 years of voyages from New York City to Iran, through Algeria, Albania, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, Egypt. In 2004 he realized that he had unknowingly travelled most of the Silk Road, so he completed the route crossing Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, reaching China at Kashgar through the Tien Shan (Mountains of Heaven) and from there crossing the Taklamakan Desert to Turpan (Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, Bezeklik).And in 2005 he collected his new memories in his second book of travels, Strada bianca per i Monti del Cielo. Between 2005 and 2007, Biondi has also completed "philologically" the Silk Road to its eastern end, represented by the ancient Chinese capitals Xi'an and Luoyang, proceeding from there to Beijing, Shanghai and Lhasa (with the famous Qingzang Railway from Xining, Qinghai). But above all visiting, in addition to Xizang (Tibet), large areas of other Tibetan Autonomous Regions in Gansu (the monasteries of the Gelugpas (Yellow Hats) in Labrang and Langmu-Si, the famous Buddha caves of Bingling-Si on the Yellow River), in Qinghai (Gelugpa complex of Kumbum, the birthplace of Tsongkhapa, monasteries of Rebkong/Tongren etc.) and in Sichuan (Great Buddha of Leshan and Mount Emei). From these complex experiences was born in 2008 his third book of travels, Con il Buddha di Alessando Magno, long and passionate journey along the paths of the Art of Gandhara, that's to say the syncretism of the preaching of Buddha and the Hellenistic culture brought by Alexander to the Indus. A syncretism that has extended its influence to the Far East. In 2008, still in China, he has visited Ningxia, the autonomous province of the Muslim Hui, but especially, again, Qinghai, divided in the two large territories of Amdo and part of Kham (Yushu-Jyekundo), respectively inhabited by Tibetans Amdowas and Khampas.In 2009 he has continued the exploration of said territories, reaching in 2010 Mount Kailash, Lake Manasarovar and the remains of the ancient Kingdom of Guge, in Western Tibet. From there <mask>'s travels continued to some Holy Festivals of Bhutan (Tsechu and Drupchhoe) and Nepal (Indra Jatra). Works

Poetry
 1968 Conclusioni di Orfeo (In Marcatré n. 37/38/39/40)
 1973 Per rompere qualcosa (Volume, Ant. Ed)
 1973 Settecento Watt (In Altri Termini)
 1974 Jazzparola Suite (In Pianura. Poesia e Prosa degli Anni Settanta. A cura di S. Vassalli. Ant.Ed)
 1976 Dissonanza. Poesie d'amore (In Il Verri, Sesta serie, n. 2, settembre)
 1976 Varie parole civili. Nove poesie (In Almanacco dello Specchio Mondadori n. 5)
 1977 Nuova ballata per Newyorkville n. 200 (In North n. 5/6, marzo)
 1980 Trittico (Translated in English on Altro Polo, Italian Poetry today. Editor R. Perrotta, Sydney)
 Poems by <mask>di are out of print and can be read (in Italian) only on the relevant page of  his Web Site

Novels

 1975 Il lupo bambino (Marsilio)
 1981 La sera del giorno (Bompiani)
 1982 Il cielo della mezzaluna (Longanesi)
 1985 Gli occhi di una donna (id., Premio Campiello)
 1986 La civetta sul comò (id.) 1988 Un amore innocente (Rizzoli)
 1990 Crudele amore (id.) 1992 Il destino di un uomo (id.) 1993 Due bellissime signore (id.)1995 Un giorno e per tutta la vita (id.) 1998 Una porta di luce (Longanesi)
 1999 Codice Ombra (Longanesi)
 2006 Destino (TEA)
 2012 La Casa delle Mille e Una Notte (Barbera)
 2015 Rosa d'Oriente (ebook Kindle)

Books of travels

 2003 Güle güle. Parti con un sorriso (Ponte alle Grazie)
 2005 Strada bianca per i Monti del Cielo. Vagabondo sulla Via della Seta (id.) 2008 Con il Buddha di Alessandro Magno. Dall'ellenismo sull'Indo ai misteri del Tibet (id.) Translations
He has translated 71 works mostly by American and English authors, including Bernard Malamud, John Updike, Edith Wharton, Anne Tyler, Peter Carey and Nobels  Isaac Bashevis Singer, William Golding, Wole Soyinka and Orhan Pamuk (from the American edition of Kara Kitab - The Black Book as expressly requested by Pamuk to his first Italian publisher, Frassinelli).See the complete list of the 71 translations by M. Biondi

Activity in Internet
<mask>di has always had a keen interest in technology and its future expectations, as evidenced by the novels Una porta di luce (1998) and Codice Ombra (1999). Logical consequence, his interest in the Internet. Connected to a network from mid-1994, in April 1995 he created his Web site, first Italian writer to do so and perhaps also in Europe (they were still very few even in the USA). A site of service, which apart from providing information about the writer and his work - including the possibility of downloading narratives and critics -, offers some databases for the analysis of text in a variety of classics: Aeneid (in Latin), Bible, The Divine Comedy, Jerusalem Delivered, Orlando Furioso, The Betrothed (all in Italian). Using his knowledge of the world of Opera, Biondi has also created and posted on his site a powerful (and very used) Database of Opera. Photography: a hobby
A semi-professional hobby, strictly connected to the passion for travel that has always animated Biondi, who has posted on the Net many more than 5000 photos taken since 1968 in Italy - Algeria - Turkey - United States - Cuba - Syria - Yugoslavia - Albania - Iran - Uzbekistan - Kyrgyzstan - Pakistan - China - Nepal - Bhutan, freely visible in the proper spaces on his Web Site. Opera: a passion
	Biondi has always cultivated a deep interest in Opera, and over the years has accumulated thousands of recordings, creating a simple but very informed Database of Opera with data about more than 1700 titles of operas by some 600 composers in more than 5000 recordings.(Who has directed, who played, who has sung (and with whom), when, where, how ... The Database of Opera, searchable via a simple form, is freely accessible through the specific page of his Web Site. References

Bibliography

External links

 Web site
 <mask>di Writer on YouTube (Interviews to him and Travel reports by him)

1939 births
Living people
Writers from Milan
Bocconi University alumni
Italian male writers

masks:
Mario Biondi
Biondi
Biondi
Mario Bion
Mario Bion
Mario Bion