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<mask>   (born 1 April 1987) is a Japanese mixed martial artist currently competing as a flyweight in the Rizin Fighting Federation. A professional since 2006, he has also competed for Shooto, Vale Tudo Japan, and The Ultimate Fighter. He is the former Shooto World Bantamweight (123 lb) Champion, a former Shooto Featherweight Champion and the 2014 Vale Tudo Japan flyweight tournament champion. As an amateur, he was the 12th All Japan Amateur Shooto Featherweight tournament champion and the 4th Tohoku Amateur Shooto Open Tournament champion. He holds notable wins over the former ONE Championship and Shooto strawweight champion Yosuke Saruta, the former Pancrase Flyweight Champion Kiyotaka Shimizu, the current Pancrase Bantamweight Champion Shintaro Ishiwatari, as well as wins over Alexandre Pantoja and Adam Antolin. Mixed martial arts career

Shooto
<mask> began his mixed martial arts career in 2005, as an amateur in Shooto. He first competed in the East Japan Amateur Shooto Freshman tournament, where he lost the finals.Following that loss he entered and won the 4th Tohoku Amateur Shooto Open Tournament. His last amateur appearance was at the 12th All Japan Amateur Shooto Featherweight Championship Tournament. Ougikubo defeated all four of his opponents to win the tournament. <mask> made his professional debut with Shooto in 2006, when he defeated Nobuhiro Hayakawa by a unanimous decision. After a draw against Naoki Yahagi, <mask> would beat Satoru Ota and Kazuya Tamura to set up a fight in the Shooto Rookie Featherweight tournament finals fight against Yasuhiro Kanayama. He won the bout in the second round by way of a rear naked choke. Over the next five years, Ougikubo would accumulate a 5-2-1 record, most notably losing to the future Shooto Featherweight Champion Koetsu Okazaki, and winning the Shooto Pacific Rim featherweight title by defeating Teriyuki Matsumoto.In 2012, at Shooto 5th Round, Ougikubo would get a chance to avenge that loss. <mask> would win the fight in the third minute of the third round, by way of a rear naked choke, in what was considered, at the time, a major upset. His first title defense was scheduled against the young prospect Kyoji Horiguchi. Horiguchi would defend or reverse the takedowns, deliver ground and pound from the guard, and would eventually submit Ougikubo in the second round. Looking to bounce back, Ougikubo entered the 2014 Vale Tudo Japan Flyweight tournament. In the quarterfinals he defeated Takeshi Kasugai by a majority decision. In the semifinals he submitted Kana Hyatt in the first round.Proceeding to the finals against Czar Sklavos, Ougikubo came out the victor after 25 minutes, being declared the tournament champion, by a clear unanimous decision. Returning to Shooto he was scheduled to face Mamoru Yamaguchi. The fight had to cancelled, after Ougikubo dislocated his shoulder. His next fight was scheduled against Yosuke Saruta, which he won by a unanimous decision. This gave him his second chance at Shooto gold, as he was set to fight the bantamweight champion Masaaki Sugawara. He won the fight in the last seconds of the fifth round by a guillotine choke. The Ultimate Fighter
Considered a standout fighter in the Asian MMA scene, with an impressive fight style and being undefeated in three years, Ougikubo was invited to the 24th season of The Ultimate Fighter, called The Ultimate Fighter: Tournament of Champions.His first fight was against the EFC flyweight champion Nkazimulo Zulu. <mask> entered the fight as a favorite, being the no.5 seed, while Zulu was the no.12 seed. <mask> submitted Zulu in the second round, with a rear naked choke. Next, he faced Adam Antolin, in a fight between two high level grapplers. Ougikubo would aggressively out grapple Antolin, with the American being forced to defend for the entirety of the fight. The Japanese fighter won a clear unanimous decision. <mask> would then face the no.1 seed Alexandre Pantoja.He would force wrestling exchanges with Pantoja, working from his opponents guard, grinding away a unanimous decision win. In his final fight of the show, Ougikubo fought against Tim Elliott. He fell short for the first time, and lost the finals by a unanimous decision. Return to Shooto
Returning to Shooto he fought against the Ultimate Fighting Championship veteran Danny Martinez. Ougikubo won a unanimous decision. He would then defend the Shooto World Bantamweight (123 lb) Championship against Tadaaki Yamamoto. He won the fight with a rear naked choke to defend his Shooto title.Rizin Fighting Federation
<mask> signed with Rizin and made his debut at Rizin 11, when he was scheduled to rematch Kyoji Horiguchi. Horiguchi once again won, this time through a unanimous decision. <mask> fought the former Shooto and ONE Championship champion Yoshitaka Naito in a Shooto exhibition bout. The fight ended in a no contest after just three minutes. Making his second bantamweight title defense, <mask> faced Kiyotaka Shimizu. While the fight saw little action in the first three rounds, Ougikubo managed to cut his opponent with a head kick. In the fourth round a head clash ended the fight prematurely and went to the judge's scorecards.<mask> won a unanimous decision to secure his second title defense. Returning to Rizin, he fought against the former DEEP champion Yuki Motoya. <mask> won a split decision. During Rizin 20, he fought against Shintaro Ishiwatari. He won another split decision. He fought against Kai Asakura for the Rizin Bantamweight Championship at Rizin 23. He lost via first-round knockout.<mask> was scheduled to fight Kenta Takizawa during Rizin 25. He defeated Takizawa by unanimous decision. On January 31, 2021, Ougikubo vacated the Shooto Shooto Bantamweight (123 lb) Championship. Rizin Bantamweight Grand Prix 2021
Ougikubo faced Takeshi Kasugai in the opening round of the Bantamweight Grand Prix at Rizin 28 on June 13, 2021. Ougikubo won the fight by unanimous decision. Ougikubo faced Takafumi Otsuka in the quarterfinals on September 19, 2021 at Rizin 30. He won the fight by unanimous decision.In the semi-finals, <mask> faced Naoki Inoue on December 31, 2021 at Rizin 33. He won the fight by unanimous decision, and faced Kai Asakura in the tournament finals, which were held during Rizin 33 as well. He won the bout via unanimous decision, winning the 2021 Rizin Bantamweight Grand Prix.

masks:
Hiromasa Ougikubo
Hiromasa Ougo
Ougikubo
Ougikubo
Hiromasa
Ougikubo
Ougikubo
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<mask><mask> (born 1952) is an American artist from the Tsimshian tribe in Alaska, most known for his prolific creation of Totem Poles and other Tsimshian artworks. <mask> was raised in Metlakatla, Alaska, home to many Tsimshian people. His works, done in traditional Tsimshian style and technique, have had international reach, and he is known as one of the most prolific contemporary makers of Totem Poles in the world. He has created over 70 poles, which have been displayed in notable places like Disney World, Florida and the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, where it is permanently displayed. His other carvings are in the collections of various museums, and owned by royal families and nobles across Europe and Asia. He has also played a part in reviving Tsimshian culture, creating Tsimshian dance groups, reviving the traditional ceremony called Potlatch, and passing on knowledge of Tsimshian language. <mask> currently lives in Lynnwood, Washington, and his son’s, particularly <mask><mask>, are also successful artists and carvers.He is a member of the Laxsgiik (Eagle clan), and his four Tsimshian names include one meaning "First to Potlatch" and one meaning "He Who Works with the Cedar." Early life
<mask> was born in Ketchikan, Revillagigedo Island, Alaska, in 1952, but grew up in Metlakatla, Alaska. He was mostly raised by his grandparents, and would spend most of his time with them as a child. Due to nearly a century of cultural oppression in Alaska towards the Tsimshian, traditional Tsimshian culture was nearly extinct in Metlakatla, and in the region as a whole, while Boxley was growing up. Unlike most children around him, <mask> was surrounded by traditional Tsimshian culture in his childhood. This was on account of his grandparents, who both spoke the Tsimshian language and knew many traditions of the past. He first learned to carve from his Grandfather, who he often describes as his “hero”.He described his grandfather as a man who “could build anything” and would pass on knowledge to Boxley, such as what wood should be used to carve, and how to create his own tools. His first works were those he helped carve with his grandfather growing up, and he still currently uses an adze made with the help of his grandfather in every carving project. Apart from this, <mask> claims he had been interested in being an artist “since third grade”. After High School, <mask> attended Seattle Pacific University, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science degree in 1974. He then spent ten years working as a High School teacher and basketball coach in Seattle, Metlakatla and Washington. During this time, he began to seriously research the traditional art and culture of the Tsimshian. He studied the works of previous Tsimshian artists, and artists of other Pacific Northwest Coast artists such as the Haida and Tlingit.He also studied the works that the ancestors of these tribes left behind. Boxley also used libraries, art classes, museums, heritage sites and others, as well as taking some classes from a prominent Tsimshian artist at the time- Jack Hudson. However, Boxley mostly taught himself from his own research, and learned many traditional art styles and methods that had been lost to time. This soon overtook his teaching, and Boxley eventually decided to become a full time artist and carver in the mid 1980s. Career and works

Early Work (mid-1980s – 1990s)
Since the mid 1980s, <mask> has worked on many commissions. One of his first major ones was for the ‘Talking Stick’ for the 1990 Goodwill Games. <mask> designed the crown of the stick, and made it a symbolic symbol of peace between the United States and then Soviet Union, depicting the American eagle and the Russian bear together.The stick even had messages by the countries respective leaders at the time- President George H.W. Bush. and President Mikhail Gorbachev- engraved in it. It was a significant work that had a global audience, with the stick being carried across states similar to the Olympic Torch. Since this period, his reputation has grown as an elite carver and he has garnered an international reach. Totem Poles (1980s–present)
<mask> is best known for his Totem Poles, which have been displayed across the U.S, Canada and Europe. They have been displayed in various notable areas.Walt Disney World
Three of <mask>’s poles stand at the Canada Pavilion in Epcot Center in Walt Disney World, Florida. He was asked to create a new totem pole for the center in 1998, alongside the two fiberglass ones that already stood in the Center. This was done in an effort to give the Center greater authenticity, as the theme park was taking multiple initiatives to be more authentic. Then, in 2017, Disney commissioned <mask> to create two more poles to replace the fiberglass ones. These poles have since been lauded for their attempts at authenticity, but to some culture critics make the claim that putting the poles into a tourist setting might result in them losing their cultural significance. National Museum of the American Indian

Another of Boxley's poles is currently in the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian in Washington D.C, where it is permanently displayed. This is significant as the Museum usually rotates their exhibitions and keeps only popular or iconic artworks on permanent display.It was <mask>’s 70th pole, made out of a 500 year old cedar tree, and he was helped to carve it by his son <mask>. The Museum is coveted by Native American artists, and a spot in the museum is very sought after. <mask> is very proud to have a pole in the museum, and was especially glad that the Tsimshian tribe and his village of Metlakatla were broadcast to a national and global audience due to the pole being raised. He is the second contemporary Totem Pole carver in the world to have a pole in the Museum, after Nathan Jackson. Metlakatla and the U.S
In addition to having poles stand internationally, he has carved most of the poles in his native village of Metlakatla. In 1982, he made the town’s first raised pole, and has since made others, alongside carver Wayne Hewson. Together, they have made 11 out of Metlakatla’s 13 totem poles.Most of his poles stand across the U.S and Canada. Many of these hold personal meaning, such as the one that stands outside Northwest Hospital in Seattle, dedicated to his deceased sister-in-law. Another is one of three poles in Metlakatla that stand next to each other. Boxley made the largest one, which stands 30 ft tall, in honour of his grandfather. Other works (1980s–present)
In addition to Totem Poles, <mask> has made many other items, such as bentwood boxes, masks, rattles, prints, panels and paintings. Many of these works are in the collections of galleries, museums and art auctions across the United States and Europe. He has formed a strong relationship with Quintana Galleries in Portland, Oregon, where his work has become a permanent fixture.Many of the items are also in the collection of various world leaders, such as in Germany, the King of Sweden, and the Emperor of Japan. Passing on Knowledge (2010s–present)
<mask> continues to carve today, and in recent years has dedicated efforts to training and teaching younger generations of Tsimshian people his knowledge and techniques. His sons, <mask> and Zachery, have notably followed their father’s line of work and are both successful carvers in their own right. <mask><mask> in particular has garnered his own reputation as a talented carver, and has started making Totem Poles himself. <mask> now works with his sons, stepson and nephew on most of his works. In 2019, <mask> formally took on an apprentice, Dylan Sanidad, through The Washington State Arts Apprenticeship Program, whom he will teach traditional Tsimshian carving. Art style and techniques
Boxley’s works are done in a very traditional manner and he focuses on a uniquely Tsimshian art style.<mask> originally borrowed heavily from different Pacific North West Coast styles, such as Haida and Tlingit, but in the mid 1980s, his style began to look more explicitly Tsimshian. He has described his style as “Alaskan Tsimshian”- specific to the Alaskan branch of the Tsimshian. For his Totem Poles, he uses old red cedar trees, as they are the trees that his Tsimshian ancestors were surrounded by. However, he has given up some traditional materials for modern ones. An example is using latex paint instead of traditional Tsimshian pigments, such as copper oxide and charcoal mixed with salmon eggs and urine. Despite this, <mask> stresses the importance of keeping everything as traditional and authentic as possible. Revival of Tsimshian culture
Since the 1980s, <mask> has also contributed to the revival of Tsimshian culture as a whole, and his work in this regard has been praised by Tsimshian communities.As a result of his efforts, he was given the title of “culture bearer” by his Tsimshian tribe. He has stated that this title is the greatest honour he has received. His work has also been praised by others outside of the Tsimshian community. Quintana Galleries in Portland said of Boxley: “Not all of the artists [in the museum] were reviving a culture, but he was”. Similarly, the director of the National Museum of the American Indian, Kevin Gover, stated: “<mask> has been instrumental in revitalizing the cultural traditions of carving, song, and dance in his Tsimshian community”. One of <mask>’s revival efforts was restarting the “Potlatch”, a traditional ceremony practiced by indigenous groups in the Pacific North West Coast of the U.S and Canada. In 1982, <mask> lead the first Potlatch in Metlakatla in over a century, also making songs and dances for the event as well as raising a Totem Pole he made.He has since lead other Potlatches across the Pacific Northwest. Another of <mask>’s contributions is the starting and leading of traditional Tsimshian dance groups. The most notable of these is the “Git-Hoan”, meaning “People of the Salmon”, currently lead by <mask>’s son <mask>. The group has performed across the United States, Canada and Europe, to wide success and acclaim. The Git-Hoan combines traditional Tsimshian song, language and dance, along with masks, costumes and instruments made by Boxley. <mask> is also concerned with authenticity in the Git-Hoan performances, having researched song style, dances, costumes and ornaments using primary material such as a 1913 silent film and a wax audio reel. All of these authentic traditions are therefore showcased to an international audience.The Git Hoan dancers did multiple performances at the Disney Epcot Center, as part of the dedication ceremony for the two poles he raised there in 2017. These performances have been praised for bringing authenticity to the park and showcasing true Native American culture to audiences. It has been one of the few genuine Native American performances at the park since its creation. <mask> is also concerned with the preservation of the Tsimshian language, which has only approximately 70 speakers left in Alaska. He has also played a role regarding this; with he and his son <mask> being involved in Tsimshian language classes. In addition to this, both Boxleys write songs for their Git-Hoan dance group using the traditional Tsimsian language. They consciously do this to expose people to the language.Due to his efforts, Metlakatla has had a strong revival in traditional culture, and younger generations of the Tsimshian tribe have had the chance to be surrounded by traditional Tsimshian culture. References

Sources
 Hoyt-Goldsmith, Diane (1990) Totem Pole. New York: Holiday House. Hoyt-Goldsmith, Diane (1997) Potlatch: A Tsimshian Celebration. New York: Holiday House. External links
<mask>'s Web site

1952 births
Alaska Native people
Artists from Alaska
Living people
Native American woodcarvers
Seattle Pacific University alumni
Totem pole carvers
People from Prince of Wales–Hyder Census Area, Alaska

masks:
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<mask>  (born 27 September 1953) is a British politician who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Hackney North and Stoke Newington since 1987. A socialist member of the Labour Party, she served in Jeremy Corbyn’s Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Home Secretary from 2016 to 2020. <mask> is the first black woman elected to Parliament, and the longest-serving black MP in the House of Commons. Born in Paddington, London W2, to a British Jamaican family, <mask> attended Harrow County Grammar School before going up to read History at Newnham College, Cambridge. After joining the Civil Service, she worked as a reporter for Thames Television and TV-am before becoming a press officer for the Greater London Council. Joining Labour, she was elected as a Councillor on Westminster City Council in 1982 and then as an MP in 1987, being returned in every general election since. She was a member of the Labour Party Black Sections, the same as fellow MPs Paul Boateng, Bernie Grant and Keith Vaz, who were also elected in 1987.Critical of Tony Blair's New Labour project which pushed the party to the centre during the 1990s, in the House of Commons <mask> voted against several Blairite policies, including the launching of the Iraq War and the proposed introduction of ID cards. She stood for the Labour Party leadership on a left-wing platform in 2010, losing to Ed Miliband, who appointed her Shadow Minister for Public Health in the Official Opposition frontbench. A supporter of Jeremy Corbyn's bid to become Labour Leader in 2015, <mask> became Shadow Secretary of State for International Development, then Shadow Health Secretary, and eventually Shadow Home Secretary. As a key Corbyn ally, she supported his leftward push of the Labour Party. She unsuccessfully attempted to be the Labour candidate for the 2016 London mayoral election, and backed the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe campaign to retain UK membership of the European Union. After the 2019 general election, <mask> left the Shadow Cabinet. She remains in the House of Commons as a backbencher.Early life and career
<mask> was born to Jamaican parents in Paddington, London, in 1953. Her father worked as a welder and her mother as a nurse. Both of her parents left school at the age of 14. She attended Harrow County School for Girls (a grammar school) and then Newnham College, Cambridge, where she read history, achieving a lower second-class degree (2:2). At Cambridge, she was supervised by Sir Simon Schama. After university, <mask> became an administration trainee (a fast-track route to senior positions in HM Civil Service)  at the Home Office (1976 to 1978), and then a Race Relations Officer at the National Council for Civil Liberties (1978 to 1980). She was a researcher and reporter at Thames Television from 1980 to 1983, and then a researcher at the breakfast television company TV-am from 1983 to 1985.She was a press officer at the Greater London Council under Ken Livingstone from 1985 to 1986, and Head of Press and Public Relations at Lambeth Council from 1986 to 1987. Political career
<mask>'s career in politics began in 1982 when she was elected to Westminster City Council, serving until 1986. In 1983, she was active in the Labour Party Black Sections movement, alongside Bernie Grant, Paul Boateng and Keith Vaz, campaigning for greater African Caribbean and Asian political representation. In 1985, she unsuccessfully fought to be selected in Brent East, losing out to Ken Livingstone. In 1987, <mask> was elected to the House of Commons, replacing the deselected serving Labour MP Ernie Roberts as MP for Hackney North & Stoke Newington. She was the first black woman to become an MP. <mask>'s speech on civil liberties, in the debate on the Counter-Terrorism Bill 2008, won The Spectator magazine's "Parliamentary Speech of the Year" award, and further recognition at the 2008 Human Rights awards.A speech by <mask> in a House of Commons debate on the Caribbean is included in Margaret Busby's 2019 anthology New Daughters of Africa. <mask> has served on a number of parliamentary committees on social and international issues and held shadow ministerial positions in successive Shadow Cabinets. For most of the 1990s, she also served on the Treasury Select Committee of the House of Commons. She went on to serve on the Foreign Affairs Select Committee. She gave birth to her son in October 1991, one year before the House of Commons introduced a crèche. She did not have maternity leave and was obliged to attend Parliament and vote throughout her pregnancy. Giving birth on a Monday, she was made to work until the Thursday before, and returned to parliament eight days later.<mask> chairs the All-Party Parliamentary British-Caribbean Group and the All-Party Sickle Cell and Thalassemia Group. She is the founder of the London Schools and the Black Child initiative, which aims to raise educational achievement levels amongst black children. In May 2010, <mask> was returned as MP for the constituency of Hackney North and Stoke Newington, with a doubled majority on an increased turn-out. She was again re-elected in 2015 with 62% of the vote. At Goldsmiths' College, on 26 October 2012, a jubilee celebration was held to honour <mask>'s 25 years in parliament, with a series of contributions by Linton Kwesi Johnson, Kadija Sesay, Tunday Akintan and others. 2010 leadership election and frontbench role

On 20 May 2010, <mask> announced her intention to stand in the Labour leadership contest. She secured the necessary 33 nominations by 9 June, assisted by the withdrawal of left-wing candidate John McDonnell and support from David Miliband and Jack Straw, among others.On Saturday, 25 September 2010, Ed Miliband was announced as the new leader of the Labour Party, <mask> having been eliminated in the first round of voting after securing 7.24% of votes. <mask> was later appointed Shadow Minister for Public Health by Ed Miliband, taking shadow responsibility for a range of issues including children's health, maternity services, sexual health, tobacco, nursing, obesity and alcohol abuse. Following her move onto the front bench, the Telegraph said on 27 September 2011 that <mask> had "become one of Labour's best front bench performers". On the issue of abortion, <mask> has become a vocal "pro-choice" supporter, opposing moves towards changing abortion counselling policy, and reducing the abortion time limit. She resigned from a cross-party group on abortion counselling saying it was no more than a front to push forward an anti-abortion agenda without debate in parliament. In 2011, she voted in favour of military intervention in Libya. On 5 February 2013, following the Second Reading, <mask> voted in favour of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill.Removal from the frontbench and 2015 London mayoral election

On 8 October 2013, <mask> was sacked as Shadow Public Health Minister in a reshuffle by Labour leader Ed Miliband, and replaced by Luciana Berger. On 23 June 2014, <mask> had stated she would consider standing in the 2016 London mayoral election as Mayor of London. On 30 November 2014, <mask> announced her intention to put herself forward to become Labour's candidate at the London mayoral elections in 2016. She was unsuccessful in her bid for Labour's 2015 London mayoral election nomination. She was one of 16 signatories of an open letter to Ed Miliband in January 2015 calling on the party to commit to oppose further austerity, take rail franchises back into public ownership and strengthen collective bargaining arrangements. Return to the frontbench
A close ally of Jeremy Corbyn, <mask> was one of 36 Labour MPs to nominate him as a candidate in the Labour leadership election of 2015. Following Corbyn's election as Labour leader, <mask> was appointed to the post of Shadow Secretary of State for International Development.On 27 June 2016, after the resignations of many of Labour's ministerial team in the aftermath of the Brexit referendum, <mask> was promoted to the position of Shadow Health Secretary. On 6 October 2016, after the resignation of Andy Burnham, <mask> was appointed Shadow Home Secretary. She was sworn of the Privy Council on 15 February 2017. 2017 general election

On 2 May 2017, during that year's general election campaign, Labour's pledge to recruit an extra 10,000 police officers was overshadowed by <mask>'s inability to give accurate funding figures. In an interview on LBC Radio with Nick Ferrari, she repeatedly struggled to explain how the promise would be funded. In the interview, <mask> frequently paused, shuffled her papers and gave out the wrong figures. When asked about her performance, the Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn, insisted he was not embarrassed by what many pundits called a "car crash" interview.In a further interview conducted by ITV on 5 May 2017, as the 2017 local elections results were being announced, <mask> was again unable to give accurate figures on the Labour party's performance suggesting that the party had a net loss of 50 seats. However, her figure was corrected by the interviewer who stated that Labour had in fact lost 125 seats, at which point <mask> said that the last figures she had seen were a net loss of around 100. Appearing on Andrew Marr's Sunday morning programme for the BBC on 28 May, <mask>'s apparent support for the IRA nearly 35 years ago came up, along with some parliamentary votes Marr thought questionable. These included her advocacy of the abolition of "conspiratorial groups" such as MI5 and Special Branch in the late 1980s, both of which she said had been successfully reformed. She defended a vote opposing the proscription of a list of groups, including al-Qaida, on the basis that some of the others had the status of dissidents in their country of origin and <mask> would have voted to ban al-Qaida in isolation. According to Sam Coates in The Times, this appearance was arranged without the consent of Labour's campaign team. On 5 June 2017, during a Sky News interview, <mask> was unable to answer questions about the Harris report on how to protect London from terror attacks.She insisted that she had read the report, but was unable to recall any of the 127 recommendations. When asked if she could remember the specific recommendations, <mask> said: "I think it was an important review and we should act on it." <mask> also denied reports that Corbyn and shadow chancellor John McDonnell were attempting to stop her from making broadcasts. The next day, <mask> withdrew at the last minute – citing illness – from a joint interview on Woman's Hour on 6 June, in which she had been due to face her Conservative frontbench opposite number Amber Rudd. On 7 June, Corbyn announced that <mask> was "not well" and had stepped aside in her role as Shadow Home Secretary. Lyn Brown was temporarily assigned to replace her. Barry Gardiner said in a radio interview on LBC that <mask> had been diagnosed with having a "long-term" medical condition, and was "coming to terms with that".In spite of these controversies, <mask> was re-elected in her seat of Hackney North and Stoke Newington, receiving 75% of the constituency's votes with an increased majority of over 35,000. The following week it became known that <mask> had been diagnosed as suffering from type 2 diabetes in 2015. "During the election campaign, everything went crazy – and the diabetes was out of control, the blood sugar was out of control", she told The Guardian. Dealing with six or seven interviews in a row became problematic because she was not eating enough food, which forced a break upon her; however, the condition is back under control. <mask> returned to the role of Shadow Home Secretary on 18 June. Since 2017
On 2 October 2019, <mask> became the first black MP at the dispatch box at Prime Minister's Questions. She served as a temporary stand-in for the Leader of the Opposition, Jeremy Corbyn, while First Secretary of State Dominic Raab stood in for Prime Minister Boris Johnson.<mask> was a supporter of Speaker of the House of Commons John Bercow, and defended him from bullying allegations made by David Leakey. She was re-elected at the snap 2019 general election. On 23 February 2020, <mask> said she would be standing down as Shadow Home Secretary and leaving the frontbench upon the election of a new Labour leader. She stood down on 5 April and was succeeded by Nick Thomas-Symonds. In April 2020, she was appointed to the Home Affairs Select Committee. In May 2021, she wrote in a Guardian article that if Labour was to lose the Batley and Spen by-election, Starmer should resign as Labour leader. She described the local elections as disappointing for Labour.<mask> criticised the shadow cabinet reshuffle later carried out by Keir Starmer. She told Sophy Ridge on Sky News that his demotion of Angela Rayner was "baffling". Memoirs
<mask>'s memoirs, A Woman Like Me, will be published by Viking in summer 2022, to mark her 35 years in parliament and to tell her story as the first black woman to become an MP. Media work
Until her appointment as a shadow minister in October 2010, <mask> appeared alongside media personality and former Conservative politician Michael Portillo on the BBC's weekly politics digest This Week. <mask> and Portillo have known each other since their schooldays, during which they appeared in joint school productions of Romeo and Juliet (although not in the title roles), and of Macbeth as Lady Macduff and Macduff respectively. In August 2012, the BBC Trust ruled that payments to <mask> for her appearances on This Week were made in breach of BBC guidelines that banned payments to MPs who were representing their political parties. For her part, <mask> had correctly declared the payments in the Parliamentary Register of Members' Interests.The Trust also said that <mask> had appeared on the show too often. <mask> is a frequent public speaker, newspaper contributor and TV performer, appearing on programmes including Have I Got News for You, Celebrity Come Dine with Me and Cash in the Celebrity Attic. <mask> was shortlisted for the Grassroot Diplomat Initiative Award in 2015 for her work on London Schools and the Black Child, and remains in the directory of the Grassroot Diplomat Who's Who publication. Political positions
<mask> has a record of differing from

masks:
Diane Julie Abbott
Abbott
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 some party policies, voting against the Iraq War, opposing ID cards and campaigning against the renewal of Britain's Trident nuclear weapons. Abortion rights
<mask> supported a number of pro-choice amendments to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Bill (now Act) (along with Katy Clark MP and John McDonnell MP) – including in 2008 leading on the NC30 Amendment of the Abortion Act 1967: Application to Northern Ireland. Writing for The Guardian, <mask> argued that

When it comes to the right to choose, women in Northern Ireland are second-class citizens. They are denied the NHS treatment and funding for abortion that is permitted to every other woman in the United Kingdom.It was reported that the Labour Government at the time (in particular Harriet Harman) asked MPs not to table these pro-choice amendments (and at least until Third Reading) and then allegedly used parliamentary mechanisms in order to prevent a vote accordingly. Speaking in the debate in Parliament, <mask> criticised these "manoeuvres":

I speak against the programme motion because—and I say this with no pleasure—it and the order of discussion appear to be a shabby manoeuvre by Ministers to stop the full debate of some very important matters. I appreciate that Ministers did not intend this to be a Bill about abortion. I am open to the argument that we should have another piece of legislation that would enable a full debate on most of the matters in relation to abortion that have been raised as amendments and new clauses to the Bill, but there is a special case for debating and voting on the particular new clause that I tabled to extend the 1967 Act to Northern Ireland. Saudi Arabia
<mask> criticised David Cameron's government for its continued support for Saudi Arabian-led military intervention in Yemen. In March 2016, <mask> wrote: "over the past year alone, Britain has sold around £6bn worth of weapons to Saudi Arabia, whose campaign in Yemen is targeting civilians – 191 such attacks have collectively been reported by the UN, HRW and Amnesty." European Union
Abbott voted against the Maastricht Treaty.She also voted against the Lisbon Treaty. <mask> campaigned and supported the Labour Party's official preference for the remain campaign in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. However, in January 2017, <mask> stated that Labour could oppose the bill to trigger Article 50 if Labour's amendments were rejected. She abstained from voting on the second reading of the Brexit Bill, after becoming ill hours before the vote, and later voted in favour at the third and final reading. Israel and Palestine conflict
During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, <mask> spoke at a Free Palestine rally in London condemning the Israeli occupation of Palestine. Windrush scandal
<mask> wrote to Sajid Javid demanding that he publish the figures for people caught up in the Windrush scandal, and also tell how many Commonwealth citizens lost their jobs, became homeless and were prevented from using public services. She wrote that "warm words are not enough", and maintained that transparency was needed to give the Windrush generation confidence ministers have come to grips with what is "clearly a systemic problem at the Home Office.In order to make good on your promise to do right by the Windrush generation and begin to right this historic wrong, you must stop covering up the extent of the Windrush crisis and publish these figures. (...) It is unacceptable and frankly scandalous that the extent of the Windrush crisis is yet to be revealed and that the home secretary is still to publish these figures. As the Windrush scandal shows, the hostile environment inevitably catches our fellow citizens who are legally entitled to be here in its net. The government now needs to stop covering up the true human cost of the hostile environment." In August 2018, <mask> complained that there were still delays in settling Windrush claims, saying: "From the Windrush scandal to immigration detention, to these outrageous delays – it is long past time that the government takes responsibility for leaving people distressed and destitute." Comments about Mao Zedong
In 2008, during a BBC One This Week interview between <mask>, Michael Portillo and Andrew Neil about who was history's worst dictator, <mask> said about the Chinese leader Mao Zedong: "I suppose some people will judge that on balance Mao did more good than harm... He led his country from feudalism, he helped to defeat the Japanese and he left his country on the verge of the great economic success they are having now."She finished by saying: "I was just putting the case for Mao." Political controversies

Education of <mask>'s son
<mask>'s decision in 2003 to send her son to the private City of London School after criticising colleagues for sending their children to selective schools, which she herself described as "indefensible" and "intellectually incoherent", caused controversy and criticism. According to the Daily Mirror, she said: "I'd done a lot of work on how black boys underachieve in secondary schools so I knew what a serious problem it was. I knew what could happen to my son if he was sent to the wrong school and got in with the wrong crowd. I realised they were subjected to peer pressure and when that happens it’s very hard for a mother to save her son. Once a black boy is lost to the world of gangs it's very hard to get them back and I was genuinely very fearful of what could happen." Her son contacted a radio phone-in to say that his mother was following his own wishes: "She's not a hypocrite, she just put what I wanted first instead of what people thought," he told LBC.He added that he had wanted to go private rather than attend a local state school in <mask>'s Hackney constituency. Register of Members' Interests
In 2004, following a complaint made by Conservative MP Andrew Rosindell, <mask> was investigated by the Committee on Standards and Privileges regarding payments she had received from the BBC. The committee found that she had failed to declare earnings of £17,300 in the Register of Members' Interests she had received for appearances on the television programme This Week. The Committee upheld the complaint and required <mask> to apologise to the House. Comments on race
In 1996, <mask> was criticised after she claimed that at her local hospital "blonde, blue-eyed Finnish girls" were unsuitable as nurses because they had "never met a black person before". In response, Marc Wadsworth, founder of the Anti-Racist Alliance, whose mother is Finnish, pointed out that the then-current Miss Finland, Lola Odusoga, was Black, of Nigerian and Finnish descent. "She's a black Finn like me," he said.<mask>'s position was supported by fellow Labour MP Bernie Grant: "Bringing someone here from Finland who has never seen a black person before and expecting them to have some empathy with black people is nonsense. Scandinavian people don't know black people—they probably don't know how to take their temperature". In 2010, defending her decision to send her son to a private school, she asserted that "West Indian mums will go to the wall for their children", prompting criticism about this perceived slight on white mothers. On 4 January 2012, <mask> tweeted that: "White people love playing 'divide and rule'. We should not play their game", which again led to widespread criticism, including accusations of racism. <mask> later apologised for "any offence caused", claiming that she had not intended to "make generalisations about white people"; she claimed in an interview with Andrew Neil that her tweet was referring to the history of the British Empire. The Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg called her comments a "stupid and crass generalisation".Nadhim Zahawi, Conservative MP, said: "This is racism. If this was a white member of Parliament saying that all black people want to do bad things to us he would have resigned within the hour or been sacked." Members of the public lodged complaints, but the Metropolitan Police stated that no investigation would be launched, and no charges would be brought against her, saying she "did not commit a criminal offence." On 11 May 2020, video evidence surfaced of <mask> making another very similar remark during an online conference call. She said: "We need unity between black, Asian, minority ethnic and Muslim people – we need the maximum public show of unity. Because time after time, in the past 32 years, I’ve seen efforts of people to organise disrupted by white people playing the 'divide and rule' card, and this time we can't allow that to happen." IRA
In May 2017, The Sunday Times reported that <mask> backed the IRA in a 1984 interview with Labour and Ireland, a pro-republican journal.In the 1984 interview, <mask> criticised the Unionist population of Northern Ireland as an "enclave of white supremacist ideology comparable to white settlers in Zimbabwe", and called for their views to be ignored on the question of Unification, adding: "Ireland is our struggle — every defeat of the British state is a victory for all of us. A defeat in Northern Ireland would be a defeat indeed." In May 2017, while Shadow Home Secretary, she was asked by Andrew Marr whether she regretted her comments on the IRA. <mask> replied that "[i]t was 34 years ago and I've moved on". Charging fees for speeches to students
In 2017, <mask> was criticised after it emerged that in 2011, she charged the University of Birmingham £1,750 for a 50-minute speech. An online petition called on <mask> to repay the money to be used for educational purposes. Appearance alongside Chinese human rights abuse denier
In November 2020, <mask> apologised for appearing on a livestream with Li Jingjing, a journalist who works for the Chinese state-owned CGTN, who denied human rights abuses against the Uyghurs and suggested they were a "fiction" cooked up to try and start a "racial war".<mask> failed to challenge these remarks. Sasha Johnson comments
Following the shooting of Sasha Johnson, <mask> tweeted:

Black activist #SashaJohnson in hospital in critical condition after sustaining a gunshot wound to the head. Nobody should have to potentially pay with their life because they stood up for racial justice. The tweet was criticised by a Home Office source who accused <mask> of departing from the facts and for stoking racial tensions after suggesting that the shooting was a racially motivated attack and targeted because of Johnson's activism. <mask> denies the claim the tweet inflamed racial divides. Stop the War Coalition statement
On 24 February 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, <mask> was one of 11 Labour MPs threatened with losing the party whip after they signed a statement by the Stop the War Coalition which questioned the legitimacy of NATO and accused the defensive alliance of "eastward expansion". All 11 MPs subsequently removed their signatures.Online abuse

In a Guardian article in February 2017, <mask> wrote about receiving racist and sexist abuse online every day, such as threats of rape. A few days later, in an interview with Sophy Ridge on Sky News, <mask> proposed a parliamentary inquiry into the sexist and racist abuse of MPs in social media and the way Twitter and Facebook investigate cases which arise. An Amnesty International report found that <mask> was the subject of almost half of all abusive tweets about female MPs on Twitter during the 2017 election campaign, receiving ten times more abuse than any other MP. Personal life
<mask> had a brief relationship with Jeremy Corbyn, who later became the Labour leader, when he was a councillor in north London in the late 1970s. In 1991, she married David P. Ayensu-Thompson, a Ghanaian architect. They had one son together, James (born October 1991 or 1992), before divorcing in 1993. <mask> chose her Conservative MP voting pair, Jonathan Aitken, as her son's godfather.In 2007, <mask> began learning the piano under the tutelage of Paul Roberts, Professor of Piano at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, for the BBC documentary TV programme Play It Again. She performed Frédéric Chopin's Prelude No. 4 in E minor before an audience. In 2015, <mask> was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. In July 2019, <mask> called 999 after being "chased around her home" by her son, <mask>-Thompson. In relation to this incident, as well as subsequent incidents away from <mask>'s home, <mask> later pleaded guilty to 12 assaults and racially aggravated criminal damage. In September 2020, an authorised biography of <mask> was released, <mask>: The Authorised Biography, by Robin Bunce and Samara Linton, published by Biteback.In 2020, <mask> was invited to participate in Strictly Come Dancing. Speaking on BBC Radio Four's Today Programme, she said that she refused the invitation, pausing only "for about sixty seconds". Instead, she said that she will continue to do what she has done all of her life, speaking up on human rights, civil liberties, women's rights, and representing the people of Hackney. Written works

References

External links

 <mask> MP. Official constituency website

 "<mask>: You Ask The Questions", The Independent, 8 February 2010. <mask> profile, New Statesman

 Salman Shaheen, "An Interview with <mask>", The Third Estate, 1 September 2010. "<mask> – The first black woman to be elected to the House of Commons", Black History Month, 18 August 2015.|-

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1953 births
20th-century British women politicians
21st-century British women politicians
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
BBC people
Black British MPs

Black British women politicians
Councillors in the City of Westminster
European democratic socialists
English feminists
English people of Jamaican descent
English socialists
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Hackney Members of Parliament
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Left-wing politics in the United Kingdom
Living people
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People from Paddington
Shadow Secretaries of State for Health
British socialist feminists
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK MPs 1997–2001
UK MPs 2001–2005
UK MPs 2005–2010
UK MPs 2010–2015
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<mask> (1865–1947) was a prominent administrator and professor of Classics at the University of Georgia. One of the highlights of his career was his appointment as the first Dean of the newly formed University of Georgia Graduate School in 1910. Much of the present success of graduate programs at the University of Georgia can be traced to his visionary leadership. Throughout his career, <mask> maintained a reputation for excellence in scholarship and leadership. <mask> was, as were many members of the first graduate faculty, a Virginian. He was born in 1865, the son of a prominent Presbyterian clergyman. He attended school in Lexington, Virginia and at the Kemper School (later Kemper Military School) in Boonville, Missouri.<mask> entered Hampden-Sydney College in 1881. He graduated in 1884 with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Letters. After his graduation from Hampden-Sydney he spent a year at the University of Virginia and obtained diplomas in Latin and Greek. <mask> was a recipient of the now extinct Master of Arts degree from Hampden-Sydney. <mask> spent the year after he left the University of Virginia in Richmond as a school teacher. He was offered the position of professor of Greek at Hampden-Sydney in 1886, a position which he gleefully accepted. Hampden-Sydney president J. D. Eggleston wrote of <mask>: “I doubt whether Hampden-Sydney has ever had a more brilliant teacher than W. H<mask>.He was elected full professor when he was twenty-one.<mask> also attended the University of Berlin in the period 1892-93 and traveled throughout Europe. He was offered the chair of Professor of Ancient Languages at the University of Georgia in 1889. In 1894 separate professorships of Greek and Latin were created. <mask> assumed the professorship of Greek and William Davis Hooper, another Hampden-Sydney graduate, assumed that of Latin. With the formation of the University of Georgia Graduate School in 1910, and <mask>’s appointment as dean, he assumed demanding administrative duties as well as maintaining excellence in teaching. <mask>’s career illustrates the problem with the lack of publications by nineteenth and early twentieth century faculty. <mask> was a talented and assiduous researcher, what he did not have is free time to compile his research.Thomas Walter Reed comments about this problem:
". . . that the inability of the University of Georgia and other Southern institutions to provide enough members of their faculties to make it possible for some members to have time in which to prepare and publish articles and books of great value, has resulted in a loss to American literature of many valuable contributions." This is certainly true of <mask>, although he made regular contributions to journals such as: Studies in Philology, Classical Review, and American Journal of Philology, he was never able to publish any extended work. <mask> developed an interest in international relations as a result of World War I. He was named Lecturer on International Relations by the University of Georgia Board of Trustees in 1931 and was a popular and prolific speaker on this subject. <mask> served as Dean of the Graduate School for eighteen years. In his tenure enrollment rose from twenty-four graduate students in 1913 to over two hundred in 1928.He stepped down in 1928, at the age of sixty-three, because he felt it was time for a younger man to assume the leadership role. He was succeeded by Roswell Powell Stephens of the Mathematics Department. <mask> continued teaching and at his retirement in 1945, had served the University of Georgia for fifty-six years. He was noted as an exacting and systematic scholar. It was this outlook that he brought to the systematization of graduate education at the University of Georgia. <mask> and R. L. McWhorter taught, in 1910, a major graduate course in Greek which consisted of literary selections and exercises in grammar, written and spoken Greek, history, and poetry. The course description points out a problem with early graduate education at the University of Georgia that was common with many other institutions: “studied from sources so far as the library resources of the University permit.” <mask> also taught, by himself, “An Introduction to New Testament Greek.” These classes were in addition to undergraduate teaching and his duties as Dean.The New Testament Greek class was not offered after 1913 and after 1923, <mask> taught the major Greek class by himself. <mask> often decried the declining interest by students in Greek, symptomatic of this is the fact that the 1931-32 Graduate Bulletin notes: “For courses in Greek Literature, consult the professor.”207 After 1931, the Greek Literature class would be transformed into “Introduction of European Literature” which had a prerequisite of three years of college-level Latin. Greek literature was no longer studied in the original language but was now “Greek Literature in Translations.” In a memorial to <mask> in 1948, Robert Preston Brooks wrote:
"Mr. <mask> was an altogether charming companion. Few men were so perennially delightful. The depth and variety of his knowledge of literature, ancient and modern, and of world history and contemporary affairs was impressive; and he invariably expressed his views in perfect English. No one was ever bored in his presence." <mask> continued to serve the Graduate School after leaving the deanship.He served as a member of and advisor to the Graduate Council into the 1940s. He retired from the University of Georgia in 1945. <mask> married Bessie Perry Friend of Petersburg, Virginia in 1885. The <mask>s had two children: John Holmes <mask> and Natalie Friend <mask>. <mask> died October 31, 1947 in Richmond, Virginia. Notes

References
Boney, Frederick N. A Pictorial History of the University of Georgia. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2000.Brinkley, John L. On This Hill: a Narrative of Hampden-Sydney College, 1774-1994. Hampden-Sydney, Virginia: Hampden-Sydney College, 1994. Brooks, Robert Preston. The University of Georgia under Sixteen Administrations, 1785-1955. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1956. Dyer, Thomas G. The University of Georgia: a Bicentennial History, 1785-1985. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1985.Knox, David K. Non Sibi Sed Aliis: The Dawn of the University of Georgia Graduate School. Athens, Georgia, 2004. Pierson, Mary Bynum Holmes. Graduate Work in the South. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: Univ. of North Carolina Press, 1947. Reed, Thomas Walter.History of the University of Georgia. Unpublished Typescript. 19 vols., 4027 pp. Imprint: Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia, ca. 1949. The Hargrett Rare Book & Manuscript Library at the University of Georgia Main Library
University of Georgia Graduate School. Graduate School Bulletin.Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Graduate School, 1910-1950. External links

University of Georgia faculty
1865 births
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<mask>  (21 September 1727, in Florence – 7 March 1815, in Lisbon) was an Italian engraver, whose most productive period was spent in London. He is noted for popularizing the "crayon" method of engraving. Early life
<mask> was born in Florence in 1727. He was originally destined to follow the profession of his father, a gold- and silver-smith, but he manifested so much skill and taste in designing that he was placed under the supervision of two Florentine artists, including Ignazio Hugford and Giovanni Domenico Ferretti who instructed him in painting. After devoting three years to that art, he went to Venice and studied engraving. He spent six years there working for Joseph Wagner, an engraver and printseller, before setting up his own workshop. Early career
His first productions in Venice were plates in the style of Marco Ricci, Zuccarelli.He then moved for a short time in 1762 to Rome, where he completed a set of engravings representing frescoes at Grottaferrata by Domenichino depicting the life of St Nilus. Those and his etchings of Old Master's works, began to draw attention throughout Europe. In 1763 he met Richard Dalton, the English Royal Librarian who was traveling in Italy looking for acquisitions for the King's collections. Dalton offered him an appointment as Engraver to the King; <mask> accepted and left for London in 1764. Career in London
He lived in London for nearly forty years. He produced an enormous number of engravings, including Clytie after Annibale Carracci, and of the Virgin and Child, after Carlo Dolci. A large proportion of them are from the works of Cipriani and Angelica Kauffman.<mask> also contributed a number of plates to Boydell's Shakespeare Gallery. He also drew sketches of his own in red chalk. Soon after arriving in London, he was appointed 'Engraver to the King' (George III) with an annual salary of £300. He was elected a founding member of the Royal Academy. The new Academy's bylaws specifically excluded engravers but <mask> was so well esteemed that he was brought in as an Academician in the category of Painter. In 1802 he became the founding President of the short-lived Society of Engravers. While <mask> was not the original inventor of the crayon manner of engraving, he became a leading exponent that "stipple" method and it became associated with him.With that technique images are created by delicate dots rather than lines as in traditional etchings or engravings. <mask> added distinction to his work by using red (sanguine), orange and brown inks rather than common black ink. As his prominence grew, he took on students including Michele Benedetti, Ignatius Joseph van den Berghe, Thomas Cheesman, Lambertus Antonius Claessens, Daniel Gardner, Christiaan Josi, Johan Fredrik Martin, Conrad Martin Metz, Luigi Schiavonetti, John Keyse Sherwin, Heinrich Sintzenich, Peltro William Tomkins, Domenico Bernardo Zilotti, and Gavriil Skorodumov. His son Gaetano <mask>, born in 1757, also became an engraver and later fathered Madame Vestris a celebrated English actress, opera singer, and theater manager. Career in Lisbon
In 1802, <mask> accepted the post of director of the National Academy of Lisbon and moved there with the intention of reforming the royal press and producing an edition of the Portuguese epic poem The Lusiads (Os Lusíadas). By then he was in his seventies and delegated much of the work to one of his students. Despite his fame and prolific output, debts forced him to sell off most of his prints and possessions.<mask> died in his studio in 1815 and was buried in the common grave of a Lisbon church. Works
Ticozzi and Bryan both published lists of his output, including:

Original etchings
Abraham and the Angels. The Miracle of the Manna. Job abandoned by his Friends. Charity, an oval; inscribed Ipse feci . The Origin of Painting (1787). The Virgin and Infant; (circular).Etchings after masterworks
St. Francis of Sales triumphs over Heresy; after Ottavio Amiconi. St. Luke paints the Portrait of the Virgin; after Cantarini. The Adulteress before Christ; after Agostino Carracci. Roland and Olympia, Clytie, and other drawings in the Royal Collection after Annibale Carracci. A set of eight subjects; after Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione. Etchings after Cipriani
The Parting of Achilles and Briseis. Hector takes leave of Andromache.Chryseis restored to her Father. The Death of Dido. Jupiter and Juno on Mount Ida. Venus presenting the Cestus to Juno. Venus attired by the Graces . Tancred and Herminia and Tancred and Clorinda. Shakespeare crowned by Immortality.Morning for the Death of lord Rufsell. Engravings after Angelica Kauffman
Socrates in Prison. Penelope lamenting Ulysses. Telemachus and Mentor in the Isle of Calypso. Paulus Emilias educating his Children. Coriolanus appeased by his Family
  The Beautiful Rhodope in love with Aesope (1780s, inscription: From an original painting of the same size by Signora Angelica Kauffman. In the possession of Charles Boddam sun Esqv.)Others

A set of thirteen plates from the frescoes of Domenichino at Grottaferrata. A set of 33 drawings by Guercino in the Royal Collection. A set of Portraits after Hans Holbein the Younger, including two portraits of Henry and Charles Brandon, sons of Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk, Thomas More, Lady Meutas and Lord Mansfield. Portraits of Cignani and Pietro da Cortona; after Carlo Maratta. Bust of Michelangelo. A Collection of Gems, designed by various artists, engraved by <mask>. Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi; after Benjamin West.The Death of Lord Chatham; after John Singleton Copley. The Fair Moralist and her Pupil; after Richard Cosway. The Hours; after Maria Cosway, ('Vide Gray's Ode to Spring'). The Interview of Edgar and Elfrida after her Marriage with Athelwold. King John ratifying Magna Charta; after John Hamilton Mortimer. Mary, Queen of Scots, and her Son; after Federico Zuccaro. Prometheus’ liver devoured by Vulture; after Michelangelo.Rachel Hiding the Idols of Laban and Laocoon attacked by Serpents; after Pietro da Cortona. Queen Charlotte; after William Beechey.The Virgin and Infant; after Carlo Dolci. Notes

References

External links

 Guide to the <mask>zzi Collection 1781-1799 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

1727 births
1815 deaths
Artists from Florence
People from Fulham
Italian engravers
Italian etchers
Royal Academicians
<mask> family
18th-century engravers
18th-century Italian artists
19th-century engravers
19th-century Italian artists
19th-century male artists
Italian expatriates in England
Italian expatriates in Portugal

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<mask> (born 17 April 1957) is professor of theoretical physics at Leiden University, the Netherlands. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of the quantum physics of the electrons in strongly correlated material, and in particular high temperature superconductivity. <mask>'s areas of interest are in the search for novel forms of collective quantum phenomena realized in systems build from mundane constituents like electrons, spins, and atoms. He introduced the so-called Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen diagram, the LDA+U band structure method and he became particularly well known for his discovery of the stripe instability of the doped Mott insulator. His present research is focused on the quantum critical point and unconventional phases of quantum matter. He is a well-known proponent of the application of Holographic principle to condensed matter physics. He is also well known for his many editorial contributions to the journals Nature and Science.He is currently on the board of reviewing editors of the latter journal and also editor of the Journal of High Energy Physics. Career
<mask> was born on 17 April 1957 in Leiden. He received his degree in Chemistry with honours in 1982 at the University of Groningen, where he also received his doctorate four years later, again with honours. He was under supervision with Spinoza prize winner George Sawatzky. After a postdoctoral fellowship at the Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research in Stuttgart, he worked for some years as a researcher at AT&T Bell Laboratories in the USA. In 1993 <mask> returned to the Netherlands, where he worked at Leiden University as a Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) fellow. He has been a professor at Leiden since 2000.Furthermore, in 2004 he was appointed as a visiting professor for one year at Stanford University. In 2004-2005 he spent a year at Stanford University sponsored by the Fulbright Program and in 2006 he received the Spinoza Prize, the "Dutch Nobel prize", for his scientific accomplishments. Recently Zaanen is one of the driving forces behind the scientific cooperation between the fields of string theory and high-temperature superconductivity. In an interview with Dutch newspaper, De Volkskrant, he stated:

After winning the Spinoza Prize, it was no longer necessary to worry whether I was proving myself enough. You start looking at things you really like. Furthermore I wanted to prove that I was not too old to learn new things. String theory really is another ballgame than the rest of physics] and I'm proud that I was able to learn it.<mask> was a visiting professor of Theoretical Physics at the Ecole Normale Superieur, Paris, France. In 2012 and 2013 he respectively was a Solvay Professor of Physics at the Solvay Institute, Brussels, Belgium and a fellow of the Newton Centre at the University of Cambridge. At present he is Professor of theoretical physics at Leiden University. Since 2012 <mask> is member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. High-temperature superconductivity

Recently Zaanen is known for his contribution to the understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. In most high-temperature superconductors the copper atoms are arranged in thin layers. Each atom has its own magnetic field which is opposite to that of its neighbor.Electrons can scarcely move in such an environment, as they are also magnetic. Recently, Zaanen and colleagues Cubrovic and Schalm applied string theory to explain a physical phenomenon. Initially their use of string theory attracted a lot of criticism. However, in recent years an increasing amount of experimental evidence has been collected in its favor. Its latest accomplishment is the development of the AdS/CFT correspondence theory, sometimes called Maldacena duality or gauge/gravity duality. Once it was realised that AdS/CFT could be applied to a broader spectrum of physical phenomena, Zaanen was inspired to use these ideas for his own area of High-temperature superconductivity. Zaanen stated:

"It has always been assumed that once you understand this quantum-critical state, you can also understand high temperature super-conductivity.But, although the experiments produced a lot of information, we hadn't the faintest idea of how to describe this phenomenon. We hadn't expected it to work so well, the maths was a perfect fit; it was superb. When we saw the calculations, at first we could hardly believe it, but it was right." Other areas of involvement
General relativity and string theory
Fermion minus sign problem
Stripe microscopy and Stripe fractionalisation
Geometrical order in Luttinger liquids
Duality in quantum elasticity: quantum liquid crystals and cosmology
Quantum criticality

Recent publications
A. Mesaros, K. Fujita, H. Eisaki,  J.C. Davis, S. Sachdev, J<mask>, E.-A. Kim and M. Lawler, How topological defects couple the smectic and nematic electronic structure of the cuprate pseudogap states, Science, 426 (2011). R.J. Slager, A. Mesaros, V. Juricic and J<mask>, The space group classification of topological band-insulators, Nature Physics, 98 (2013). Y. Liu, K. Schalm, Y.-W. Sun and J. <mask>, Lattice potentials in holographic non Fermi-liquids: hybridizing local quantum criticality, Journal of High Energy Physics, 036 (2012).J<mask>, Holographic duality: stealing dimensions from metals, Nature Physics 9, 609 (2013)
L. Rademaker, Y. Pramudya, J<mask> and V. Dobrosavljevic, Influence of long-range interactions on charge ordering phenomena on a square lattice, Physical Review E 88, 032121 (2013)
L. Rademaker, J. van den Brink, H. Hilgenkamp and J<mask>, Enhancement of spin propagation due to interlayer exciton condensation, Physical Review B 88, 121101(R) (2013)
A.J. Beekman, K. Wu, V. Cvetkovic and J<mask>, Deconfining the rotational Goldstone mode: the superconducting quantum liquid crystal in 2+1 dimensions, Physical Review B 88, 024121(2013)

References

External links

Article from Startpagina Universiteit Leiden
Article from Science magazine
Article from Science Daily

1957 births
20th-century Dutch physicists
Leiden University faculty
Living people
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Leiden
Spinoza Prize winners
Theoretical physicists
University of Groningen alumni
21st-century Dutch physicists

masks:
Jan Zaanen
Zaanen
Jan Zaanen
Zaanen
Zaanen
Zaanen
. Zaanen
. Zaanen
Zaanen
. Zaanen
. Zaanen
. Zaanen
. Zaanen


texts:
<mask> (June 28, 1813 or June 25, 1815 – June 9, 1878) was a figure of the Wild West period of American history. A lawman in the Utah Territory, he was nicknamed Old Port and The Destroying Angel of Mormondom. Rockwell served as a bodyguard, and was a personal friend, of Latter Day Saint movement founder Joseph Smith. After Smith's death in 1844, <mask> became a bodyguard of his successor, Brigham Young, and traveled with him and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) to the Salt Lake Valley in the present-day U.S. state of Utah. Many people believed that <mask> was under divine protection. This, along with his reputation as a skilled marksman, resulted in the propagation of many legends and stories about him. Biography
<mask> was born in Belchertown, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, to Orin and <mask>, who were neighbors of the Smith family.He was a descendant of Edmund Rice, an early immigrant to Massachusetts Bay Colony. <mask> was eight years younger than Smith. While Smith was publishing the Book of Mormon, Rockwell picked berries at night and hauled wood into town to help pay for the publishing. In 1830, at 16-years old, <mask> was baptized into Smith's Church of Christ in Fayette, New York. Historically, the date of <mask>'s baptism is April 6, the day the church was organized, but original documents suggest a probable date of June 9. <mask> was the youngest member of the first group to be baptized into the church. On February 2, 1832, <mask> married Luana Beebe in Jackson County, Missouri, and was endowed in the Nauvoo Temple on January 5, 1846.<mask> killed many men as a gunfighter, a religious enforcer, and Deputy United States Marshal. According to legend, <mask> told a crowd listening to United States vice president Schuyler Colfax in 1869, "I never killed anyone who didn't need killing", a quote used by actor John Wayne in a movie decades later. Boggs attempted assassination accusation

On the evening of May 6, 1842, Lilburn Boggs was shot by an unknown party who fired at him through a window as he read a newspaper in his study. He was badly wounded but survived. Boggs was the governor of Missouri who had signed the Executive Order 44 on October 27, 1838 known as the "Extermination Order" evicting Mormons from Missouri by violent and deadly means. <mask> was accused of attempted murder but the grand jury was unable to find sufficient evidence to indict <mask>, convinced in part by his reputation as a deadly gunman and his statement he "never shot at anybody, if I shoot, they get shot! ..."

A disaffected Mormon, John C. Bennett, claimed that Smith had offered a cash reward for the elimination of Boggs, and that Smith admitted <mask> did the deed.He went on to say <mask> made a veiled threat against Bennett's life if he publicized the story. After investigators questioned Smith about these accusations and <mask>'s involvement, Smith denied it could be <mask>. Asked how he could be so confident. Smith allegedly replied, "He's still alive, isn't he?" Smith vehemently denied Bennett's account, speculating Boggs, while campaigning for state senate, was attacked by an election opponent. Mormon writer Monte B. McLaws, in the Missouri Historical Review, supported Smith, answered, while there was no clear finger pointing to anyone, Boggs was running for election against several violent men, all capable of the deed, and there was no particular reason to suspect <mask>. Utah years
Following Smith's death, <mask> followed Brigham Young and the LDS Church to the Salt Lake Valley.In 1849, <mask> was appointed as deputy marshal of Great Salt Lake City, and remained a peace officer until his death. He was well-known for his endurance, loyalty, and relentlessness. <mask> operated the Hot Springs Hotel and Brewery at the southern end of the Salt Lake Valley, in an area known as "Point of the Mountain". <mask>'s fame as a "mountain man" attracted the explorer, Richard Francis Burton. In 1860, on his trip across America to the west coast, Burton stopped to explore the Salt Lake City area. He stayed with Lysander Dayton in a village near the city, and Dayton invited <mask> to dinner. <mask> sent for a bottle of Valley Tan Whiskey, and he and Burton drank shot-for-shot into the night, with Rockwell outlining steps Burton should take for safety during his passage to Sacramento.<mask> advised Burton to carry a loaded double-barreled shotgun, sleep in a "dark camp" (unlit, miles from where supper was cooked), to never trust appearances, and to avoid the main trail, where "White Indians" (so-called because they were white robbers disguised as Indians to avert blame) preyed on travelers. <mask> died in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory, of natural causes on June 9, 1878. He was buried in the Salt Lake City Cemetery. At the time of his death, <mask> had been a baptized Latter-day Saint longer than anyone living. His epitaph reads:

He was brave and loyal to his faith. True to the Prophet Joseph Smith. A promise made him by the prophet.Through obedience, it was fulfilled. At <mask>'s funeral, apostle Joseph F. Smith, nephew of Joseph Smith and future church president, spoke the following about <mask>:

They say he was a murderer; if he was, he was the friend of Joseph Smith and Brigham Young, and he was faithful to them, and to his covenants, and he has gone to Heaven and apostates can go to Hell ... <mask> was yesterday afternoon ushered into Heaven clothed with immortality and eternal life, and crowned with all glory which belongs to a departed saint. He has his little faults, but <mask>'s life on earth, taken altogether, was one worthy of example, and reflected honor upon the church. Through all his trials, he never once forgot his obligations to his brethren and his God. Legacy
Rockwell served as a loyal, personal bodyguard to both Smith and later to Young. Separating fact from legends, folklore, and myths concerning Rockwell is difficult for historians, in large part because Rockwell was only semi-literate and kept no personal diary. Rockwell had the distinction of being the subject of a direct prophecy by Smith.After spending eight months in jail on charges of attempting to assassinate Boggs, <mask> traveled to Nauvoo, appearing unannounced at a Christmas party at Smith's home. After his identity was confirmed, Smith was moved to say:

I prophesy, in the name of the Lord, you—Orrin <mask>—so long as ye shall remain loyal and true to thy faith, need fear no enemy. Cut not thy hair, and no bullet or blade can harm thee. The promise echoes one given by an angel to the parents of the biblical Samson. <mask>, at one time, cut his hair. After hearing of a balding widow with typhoid fever, he offered his famous long hair to make a wig. The recipient of the hair was Agnes Coolbrith Smith Pickett, widow of Smith's brother, Don Carlos, and mother of Ina Coolbrith.Cultural influence
<mask>'s legacy is said to have inspired other famous American frontiersmen, including Wild Bill Hickok and Buffalo Bill. <mask> has also been portrayed on screen by John Carradine in the 1940 film Brigham Young, by James Coburn in the 1995 television film The Avenging Angel, and by Gyll Huff in the 1995 Trent Harris film Plan 10 from Outer Space. He was also the main character in the 1969 Death Valley Days episode called the "Son of Thunder" (1969). <mask> is portrayed by Corbin Allred in a supporting role in the 2019 film Out of Liberty. <mask> was the primary subject of the independent 1994 Rockwell

In 2010, a documentary called Stories from the Life of <mask> was created by Issimo Productions, which includes historical re-creations of events from the life of <mask>, as well as interviews with scholars and historians, including John W<mask>, great-great-grandson of <mask>. Two statues of Rockwell exist: one near the old site of his Hot Springs Hotel and Brewery near the Utah State Penitentiary, the other in Lehi, Utah, off of Main Street behind the "Porter's Place" restaurant which exists to celebrate his memory. The restaurant has since moved to Eureka, Utah.See also

 Bear River Massacre
 Alexander William Doniphan
 Hawken rifle
 Ironport (beverage)
 Liberty Jail
 List of bodyguards
 List of Old West gunfighters
 List of Old West lawmen
 Mormon folklore
 Perry, Utah
 Pioneer Village (Utah): Gun Collection
 This is the Place Monument
 Lauritz Smith
 Lot Smith
 Utah War

Notes

References

External links

"Did Orrin <mask> Shoot Lilburn Boggs, Governor of Missouri? ", Mormonism Researched by Kerry A. Shirts

1813 births
1878 deaths
American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Bodyguards
Burials at Salt Lake City Cemetery
Converts to Mormonism
Danites
Gunslingers of the American Old West
Latter Day Saints from Illinois
Latter Day Saints from Missouri
Latter Day Saints from New York (state)
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Leaders in the Church of Christ (Latter Day Saints)
Mormon pioneers
People of the Utah War
Religious leaders from Massachusetts
United States Marshals

masks:
Orrin Porter Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Sarah Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
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Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Death Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Porter Rockwell
Porter
Rockwell
Porter Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Rockwell
Porter Rockwell
Rockwell
. Rockwell
Rockwell
Porter Rockwell


texts:
<mask> (also known as Ysai or Cy) (July 22, 1898 – 1947) was an American-born communist and spy for the Soviet secret police. After working in Europe and the Far East, <mask> was arrested, served eight years in the GULAG detention system, and was summarily executed on the orders of Joseph Stalin. Background

The third of four children, <mask> was born 1898 in the mill town of Willimantic, Connecticut, the son of Simon Melamdovich (who changed his name to "<mask>" in America) and his wife Rena, both Jewish immigrants from the Abolnik shtetl near Kovno (Kaunas), Lithuania. <mask>'s parents arrived in New York in 1888. They had three other children. <mask> entered Columbia University in February 1917 under current Jewish quota policies. Classmates included publishers Bennet Cerf, Donald Klopfer, and Richard Simon; historian Matthew Josephson; novelist Louis Bromfield, critic Kenneth Burke, and author William Slater Brown.Professors included John Erskine, George Odell, Robert Livingston Schuyler, and Charles A. Beard. After receiving his B.A. in History, he began a doctorate in History while working at history reader there, then in a night school in the New York Public School system. Career

In 1923, <mask> became a Communist by joining the Workers Party of America. The same year, he changed jobs to work for Yale University Press as a researcher. Soviet underground espionage

As of August 26, 1926, when he applied for his U.S. passport, <mask> had joined the Soviet  underground and was readying for his first overseas assignment, probably in Germany and France.In April 1928, his wife Nerma applied for her first U.S. passport. The couple departed from New York on May 5, 1928, for a villa in the Zehlendorf district of Berlin, Germany. They reported to Ignace Reiss. Their job was to maintain a low profile and inhabit their residence, so that other Soviet agents could periodically use it as a safe house for various espionage related activities. To accomplish this mission, Cy and Nerma had to avoid any appearance of being interested in Communist politics; they had to avoid even reading Communist newspapers. Friend Sidney Hook spotted <mask> in the Gendarmenmarkt, as described in his autobiography Out of Step (1984). <mask> had to resist the temptation to have meetings with his old friend, although he did not always resist this temptation fully.<ref>
{{cite book
  | last = Hook
  | first = Sidney
  | title = Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th Century
  | url = https://archive.org/details/outofstepunquiet00hook/page/94
  | publisher = Harper and Row
  | year = 1984
  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/outofstepunquiet00hook/page/94 94–101, Chapter 8, "Encounter with Espionage]
  | isbn = 0-06-015632-5
  }}</ref>

The <mask>es moved from Berlin to Paris in the Spring of 1930.In Neuilly-sur-Seine, they watched White Russians, Trotskyites including Trotsky's Paris-based son, Lev Sedov, and the family of Michael Feodorovich Romanov. After exposure of l'affaire Switz (1933–1934, involving Robert Gordon Switz, Lydia Stahl, and Arvid Jacobson), the <mask>es left Paris (September 1934) and returned to the States with their young son Robin (b. 1931). After a brief stint in New York, they left for San Francisco. Leaving his wife and child behind, <mask> set off for China in September 1935, where he served through 1937. In Shanghai, <mask> reported to Grace and Manny Granich (brother of Mike Gold). In 1936, he worked in Dairen during the Manchukuo and traveled to Harbin.He reported to Charles Emile Martin (AKA George Wilmer, Lorenz, Laurenz, Dubois—born Matus Steinberg of Belgorod-Dnestrovsky) and wife Elsa Marie Martin (AKA Joanna Wilmer, Lora, Laura). (Martin later served in the Red Orchestra, spying on Nazi Germany.) By October 1937, the Martins and <mask>es fled separately after Chiang Kai-shek attacked Manchuria in July. <mask> rejoined his wife and son in Paris in February 1938, only to leave again in May. Nerma Berman <mask> left Paris with their son in September 1939 and returned to New York. (The State Department believes he was stationed in France 1937-1938.) GULAG

On February 20, 1939, the Soviet NKVD arrested <mask> at the Hotel Moskva and took him to the Lubyanka, accusing him of being a traitor.His case received a hearing on January 5, 1940. Ten days later, he received a sentence of eight years. On the next day, <mask> shipped out to Norillag, where fellow inmates included Jacques Rossi. He became known there as "The Professor". Nerma Berman <mask> requested the U.S. Department of State to investigate her husband's disappearance. On April 15, 1942, the US Department of State indicated to the US embassy in Moscow "It is possible that he [<mask>] has been acting for years as an agent of a foreign power or of an international revolutionary organization. Nevertheless it is believed that in view of his American citizenship and of the Soviet agreement in 1933 to inform this Government of the arrest of American citizens, the failure to report his detention should not be ignored."On June 30, 1942, US Secretary of State Cordell Hull had the following telegram sent to the US ambassador in Moscow:     Washington, June 30, 1942—11 p.m.  327. Your 538, June 16, 1 p.m. Please take up this case informally with the Soviet authorities and since <mask> is an American citizen request permission for an American Foreign Service Officer to visit him as provided for in the 1933 agreement, or that <mask> be allowed to appear at the Embassy. Without at this time giving emphasis to the failure of the Soviet authorities, from the standpoint of commitments of the Soviet Government, to notify the Embassy of <mask>’ arrest, you may, however, express some surprise at such failure and may mention that your Government hopes that steps will be taken to prevent failures of a similar nature from taking place in the future. The Department is concerned as to the disposition made of <mask>’ passport. On December 8, 1942, <mask> received visits from American diplomats at the Butyrka prison in Moscow. By May 1943, the Soviets reneged on his release.During his time in the GULAG, <mask>' wife and son pled with US Secretary George C. Marshall to help gain his release. Death

In May 1947, it was decided to murder <mask> because the Soviets feared that if the spy were repatriated to the United States, as the US government had requested, he would defect and reveal Soviet secrets. By mid-summer, <mask> was taken to Laboratory Number One (the "Kamera"), where Grigory Mairanovsky injected him with the poison curare, which takes 10–15 minutes to kill. A death certificate claimed <mask> had died of "sclerosis" and had received burial in a Jewish cemetery in Penza. Aftermath

FBI investigation

An FBI investigation into the <mask> affair commenced in March 1943. After the defection of Igor Gouzenko, the name "<mask>" arose again in 1945–1946. On February 10, 1949, FBI investigators questioned Esther Shemitz, wife of Whittaker Chambers, about the <mask>es, as Esther Chambers and Nerma <mask> had both attended the Rand School and had worked at the ILGWU and The World Tomorrow magazine.Joint Russian–American investigation

In early 1992, the U.S. and Russia formed the U.S.–Russia Joint Commission on POW/MIAs. Overseeing the investigation was Dmitri Volkogonov. On September 23, 1992, Boris Yeltsin handed an Oggins case dossier to American diplomat Malcolm Toon: <mask> had been liquidated on Stalin's orders. The Lost Spy

In 2008, Andrew Meier, formerly Moscow bureau chief for TIME magazine, published a biography of <mask> called The Lost Spy''. The book resulted from a decade of investigative research into the mysterious circumstances of <mask>' imprisonment and death. It included documentation from  Soviet, American, and Swiss archives

Requests to FSB

<mask>' son has continued to ask for information about his father's death from Soviet successor agencies like the Russian Federal Security Service (generally known by its Russian acronym "FSB"). Personal life

On April 23, 1924, he married Nerma Berman (1898–1995), a Rand School student and Communist activist, born in the Skapiskis shtetl (also near Kovno).She became secretary of the New York division of the National Defense Committee of the Rand School for Red Scare victims Scott Nearing and other professors. The Oggins had one son, Robin, born 1931. Nerma Berman <mask> drifted from job to job and lived in the New York City area. She retired in 1965 and lived for a time in the Lower East Side at the Henry Street Settlement. She later moved to Vestal, New York to be near her son. She died in Vestal on January 27, 1995. See also

 The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service
 Ignace Reiss
 Robert Gordon Switz
 Whittaker Chambers
 Sidney Hook

References

External links
 The Lost Spy: An American in Stalin's Secret Service

1898 births
1947 deaths
American communists
American communists of the Stalin era
American defectors to the Soviet Union
American people executed by the Soviet Union
American people imprisoned in the Soviet Union
American people of Lithuanian-Jewish descent
American spies for the Soviet Union
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Foreign Gulag detainees
Jews executed by the Soviet Union
Jewish socialists
Krasnoyarsk Krai
People from Willimantic, Connecticut
Executed people from Connecticut
20th-century executions of American people

masks:
Isaiah Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Cy Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins
Oggins


texts:
<mask> (born Bohdan Eugène Junod; 28 December 1899 7 October 1943) was a film director, producer, and one of the most popular Polish actors and comedians of the interwar period. He starred in some of the most popular Polish film productions of the 1930s, including His Excellency, The Shop Assistant (Polish: Jego ekscelencja subiekt), Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?, and Pieśniarz Warszawy. A skilled singer, he became an icon of Polish musical comedy and a "symbol of Polish commercial cinema". In the late 1930s he also became a successful entrepreneur – co-owner of a successful film studio, café, and producers' company. Arrested by the Soviet NKVD in the aftermath of the German and Soviet invasion of Poland, he perished in the Soviet Gulag. Biography
Bohdan Eugène Junod was born on 28 December 1899. His birthplace is uncertain; sources name Warsaw, Łódź, and Geneva, Switzerland.His mother was Jadwiga Anna Dorota née Dylewska. His father, Teodor Junod, was a Swiss citizen who moved to Russian-held Poland and in 1903 settled in Łódź. There he opened a revue-cinema, Urania – the first permanent cinema theatre in that city. It was there that <mask> made his stage debut at the age of six. In 1917 Junod moved to Poznań where he joined "Teatr Apollo". In 1919 (under a new stage name of <mask> <mask>, the surname created from the initials of his own first name Bohdan and his mother's – Dorota) he started acting in various Warsaw-based theatres, variétés and cabarets (Qui Pro Quo, Perskie Oko and Cyrulik Warszawski being the most famous). He also played major roles in Warsaw-based "Teatr Polski" and Wilno-based "Teatr Lutnia".He is best known for his film roles; he played in more than thirty films. His screen debut was a 1925 silent film Rywale. With the advent of sound film <mask> in a matter of years became one of the best-known Polish actors. Usually appearing in musical comedies, already in 1932 he was voted the King of Polish Actors by Film magazine's readers. His popularity rose following three mistaken identity comedies: 1933 His Excellency, The Shop Assistant, 1935 His Excellency, the Chauffeur (both directed by Michał Waszyński and co-starring Ina Benita) and 1934 Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna? (co-starring Jadwiga Smosarska). Always appearing well-dressed, in 1936 <mask> was awarded the title of King of Style by the readers of Film magazine.In 1931 <mask> became a co-founder of the B.W.B. film studio, and, in 1933, he opened a private producers' company "Urania", named after his fathers' cinema in Łódź. His best-known film was 1937 Piętro wyżej, which he wrote and produced himself. On 10 January 1939 <mask> with his business partner Zygmunt Woyciechowski opened a restaurant and a café – the "Café Bodo" – at Warsaw's prestigious Pierackiego street (modern Foksal). By that time his popularity reached far beyond the borders of Poland, to the extent that Yugoslavian press dubbed him Polish Maurice Chevalier. <mask> himself toured Germany promoting Polish-made feature films on that market. During the invasion of Poland he organized recitals for the Polish soldiers and civilians during the Siege of Warsaw.He then fled to Lwów, where he joined the Tea-Jazz band led by Henryk Wars. With that troupe he toured the Soviet Union in 1940, he also published a record containing Russian-language versions of his songs. Simultaneously he started efforts to leave the Soviet Union using his Swiss passport. However, shortly after the German invasion of the Soviet Union he was arrested by the NKVD and sentenced to 5 years of lager/labor camp as a result of NKVD Interrogation carried out by NKVD chief Pyotr Fedotov signed on 20 October 1942 (source: documents sent to Poland by the Russian Red Cross in 1992). Initially imprisoned in Butyrki prison in Moscow, he was not released following the Sikorski-Mayski Agreement as the Soviet authorities argued that he was not a Pole but rather a Swiss citizen and hence the Amnesty for Polish citizens in the Soviet Union did not apply to him. <mask> <mask> starved to death on his way to a remote Soviet gulag camp, in Kotlas. He was declared dead on 7 October 1943.His whereabouts remained unknown for another 50 years, before the collapse of communism in 1989 the Soviets gave the false version that <mask> had been murdered by the Germans in 1941. This version is repeated even in some modern publications. It was only in 1991 that the Soviet authorities revealed his fate. The tragic circumstances surrounding <mask>'s death became the subject of a documentary by Stanisław Janicki Eugeniusz <mask>: Za winy niepopełnione (For Crimes Not Committed). The title of the 1997 documentary refers to a 1938 film in which <mask> starred. In October 2011 in Kotlas, where he died, a cenotaph in his honor was unveiled at a local cemetery. Films

 Rywale (as Geniuś) (1925)
 Czerwony błazen (1926)
 Uśmiech losu (as the dancer in a cabaret) (1927)
 Człowiek o błękitnej duszy (as the sculptor) (1929)
 Policmajster Tagiejew (as Markovskiy) (1929)
 Kult ciała (as Franciszek, Czesław's helper) (1930)
 Na Sybir (as the worker) (1930)
 Niebezpieczny romans (the main villain) (1930)
 Uroda życia (1930) (as Roszow) (1930)
 Wiatr od morza (as Otto) (1930)
 Bezimienni bohaterowie (as the police captain Szczerbic) (1932)
 Głos pustyni (as sheik Abdullah) (1932)
 Jego ekscelencja subiekt (Jurek, the title role) (1933)
 Zabawka (Kuźma, son of the forest worker) (1933)
 Czarna perła (as Stefan) (1934)
 Czy Lucyna to dziewczyna?

masks:
Eugeniusz Bodo
Bodo
Eugeniusz
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Eugeniusz
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo
Bodo