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<mask><mask> (born February 18, 1932) is an American international development authority, most notable for his advocacy and large-scale implementation of strategies to address malnutrition, especially among children and pregnant women. <mask>'s professional focus on nutrition spans more than half a century and has earned him wide recognition for stimulating a new policy approach to international nutrition assistance. His work has helped to transform the way development agencies and national governments think about the problem of malnutrition as a fundamental component of economic growth. His innovative planning and multisectoral operational work, particularly during his long tenure as the senior nutrition officer at the World Bank (1972–95), have modeled a number of practices that other donor institutions and countries now often incorporate into their own projects. Furthermore, <mask>'s efforts to transform development assistance for nutrition have prompted a number of academic training programs for nutritionists to expand their curriculum to include coursework in nutrition policy, planning, and implementation, creating a new career path for graduates. In a 1997 survey of the international nutrition community, <mask> was the one most often cited as a role model for young persons entering the field. In 2008, the United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition honored <mask> as one of the first recipients of the United Nations Achievement Award for Lifelong Service to Nutrition, citing him at the presentation as "a global giant in nutrition history.The White House Years, 1962-65

<mask> began his public service in nutrition as a staff member and then Deputy Director of the White House Food for Peace program under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson. As Deputy Director (with the rank of Deputy Assistant Secretary of State), he also co-chaired the first White House Task Force on Nutrition, which explored the possibility of a role for the government in international nutrition assistance beyond disaster relief and institutional feeding programs. India, 1966-70

<mask> was then recruited by Ambassador Chester Bowles to come to India to work with the Indian government as head of the U.S. government's first national-scale, multifaceted nutrition project. In India, <mask> found an opportunity to test the broad recommendations he had developed with the White House Task Force on Nutrition. His work in India included direction of the extensive food aid program, creation of that country's food and pharmaceutical industry association to address malnutrition, introduction of social marketing techniques designed to change consumer behavior in nutritionally beneficial ways, and a number of innovative efforts to fortify food staples there with vitamins and minerals. <mask> also initiated in 1969 the concept of Double Fortified Salt, adding iron as well as iodine to common salt, with the aim of reducing iron deficiency anemia without requiring changes in dietary practices. When famine struck India in 1966-67, he coordinated a massive food aid distribution effort that is recognized as saving millions of lives.That timely intervention earned <mask> the U.S. government's annual award as the Outstanding Young Civil Servant in 1968. Lester Brown, often a critic of U.S. policies, later praised that relief effort: "For the United States, this was one of our finest moments." During his appointment in India, <mask> published in Foreign Affairs, "Malnutrition and National Development," the first in a series of influential articles and books arguing the case for inclusion of nutrition on the international development agenda. The writings cited evidence from numerous countries on the deleterious effect of malnutrition, not only on child development and mortality, but also on the economic growth potential of individuals and nations. Brookings and MIT, 1970-75

Upon returning to the United States and taking a position as a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, <mask> wrote his groundbreaking book, The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development, based on his experience in India. The book, which was nominated for a National Book Award, cited the effect of poor nutritional status on mortality and on the cognitive development of survivors, underlining the far-reaching consequences of malnutrition. <mask> also served as Visiting Professor of Nutrition Policy and Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1972 to 1976, where he organized and led a high-level conference that drew government ministers and international development authorities.He then served as lead author of the MIT Press book, Nutrition, National Development, and Planning. During these years, <mask> also chaired the Nutrition Panel of the National Academy of Sciences' World Food and Nutrition Study (1975). His work captured the attention of policymakers and is widely credited with establishing nutrition as an essential dimension of international development strategies. The World Bank, 1972-95, and following

In 1972 World Bank President Robert McNamara recruited <mask> to be Deputy Director of the new Population and Nutrition Projects Department at the Bank. The position gave <mask> scope to implement and build upon many of the recommendations contained in his writings. During the 23 years of <mask>'s tenure, the size of nutrition operations generated by the Bank (free-standing nutrition projects and nutrition components of health, education, agriculture, rural development, and social protection projects), earlier negligible, totaled $2.1 billion, significantly more than the spending of all other donors combined. The rationale, approach, and accounts of the projects themselves are the subject of two of <mask>'s books, Malnourished People: A Policy View (World Bank) and Malnutrition: What Can Be Done (Johns Hopkins University Press) published during this period.He also continued his advocacy work in nutrition, including the launch of his internationally circulated newsletter, New and Noteworthy in Nutrition. <mask>'s call for due attention to nutrition, as a key component of both economic development and human wellbeing, has been widely acknowledged within the World Bank and internationally. One prominent Bank official publicly referred to him as "the conscience of the Bank on hunger issues." International recognition of <mask>'s work to advance nutritional issues in international development assistance culminated in 2008, when he was awarded the United Nations Achievement Award for Lifelong Service to Nutrition. Following <mask>'s retirement from the World Bank in 1995, he has served as an adviser or consultant to a number of international nongovernmental organizations, as well as the World Bank through 2014. He also, through 2010, returned to the Brookings Institution as a Guest Scholar. <mask> continues to serve as a board member of the innovative public health organization Calcutta Kids, providing health and nutrition services to mothers and young children in Indian slums.Publications

Malnutrition: What Can Be Done (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987); International Agricultural Research and Human Nutrition, coeditor with Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Martin Forman (International Food Policy Research Institute and United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition, 1984); Malnourished People: A Policy View (World Bank, 1981); The Nutrition Factor: Its Role in National Development (Brookings, 1973); Nutrition, National Development, and Planning, coauthor with Nevin S. Scrimshaw and David L. Call (MIT Press, 1971); MAP [Military Assistance Program] for Security, coauthor with John Holcombe (University of South Carolina Press, 1957). In addition, <mask> has published articles and opinion pieces in Foreign Affairs; New York Times Magazine; New York Times; Harvard Business Review; MIT Technology Review; New Republic; Natural History; Finance and Development; Food Policy; Washington Post "Outlook"; American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; Journal of Tropical Pediatrics; International Development Review; Development Digest; Nutrition Reviews; Tropical Science; Journal of the American Dietetic Association; Ecology of Food and Nutrition; Economic Impact; Economic and Political Weekly (of India); Food Industries Journal; Journal of Food Technology; Journal of Society of Nutrition Education; and Saturday Review of Literature. Awards
In addition to the United Nations Achievement Award for Lifelong Service to Nutrition (2008), <mask> received the Society of Nutrition Education's "Voices Who Have Changed Nutrition" Award (1992) and the William A. Jump Award as the Outstanding Young (under 37) Public Servant in U.S. Government (1968). He was named a Belding Scholar by the Foundation for Child Development (1970). He was also on the team that won the Grammy Award for Outstanding Children's Record of 2004 for the collection Bon Appetit! Musical Food Fun, which took good nutrition as its theme.Family
He is a cousin of trilingual media specialist Theo Schear. He also has a great-niece, Jaclyn Pavlofsky. References

1932 births
Living people
American nutritionists

masks:
Alan D
. Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg
Berg


type: original

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<mask> (born August 24, 1941), known professionally as <mask>, is an American cartoonist and musician. Since 1986, he has been writing and drawing the syndicated comic strip Gasoline Alley for Tribune Media Services. In that role, his predecessors were Frank King, Bill Perry and Dick Moores. He had served as an assistant to the latter for several years before taking over. Scancarelli is also a prizewinning bluegrass fiddler. Early life and career
Born in New York City, Scancarelli is the son of an archivist for the Italian embassy. When he was still an infant, his family moved to his mother's home state of North Carolina.When his family moved to Washington, D.C., for his father’s job, Scancarelli became the target of bullies in school. This circumstance played a role in developing his love of comics. "Comics were my escape," Scancarelli said. "The characters became my friends. My dad used to bring home three newspapers every night and we’d read the comics." Scancarelli's sense of humor was developed while listening to the radio programs of Amos and Andy, Jack Benny and Fred Allen. Scancarelli credits these "hilarious" comedians with giving him the comedic sensibility which later infused his comics, "whether anyone appreciates that kind of humor or not."After serving in the U.S. Navy, he went into radio and television, including a position as art director for The Johnny Cash Show, creating scenery and writing cue cards. In the early 1960s he also worked as an artist in WBTV’s (the CBS-affiliated television station in Charlotte, North Carolina) graphics department, where he would design sets and props, and draw images on the weather maps. He also would act on occasion, and wrote and voiced episodes of The Yellowjacket, a regular five-minute drive-time radio segment on WBT-FM influenced by the Batman show. Scancarelli had a successful career as a freelance magazine illustrator, and he did slide transparency art until computers made that job obsolete. Gasoline Alley
Scancarelli says his deep appreciation for comics was cultivated during childhood visits to his grandfather's house. His grandfather read the strips to him and pointed out details in each panel. His earliest comic strip recollection is of Gasoline Alley.He now lives in that same house and notes, "Little did I know that 50 years later I’d be working on the comic strip in the next room." <mask> spoke about EC Comics and his other early influences in a 1997 interview with Jeffrey Lindenblatt:
The first things I really got enamored with were Foster’s Prince Valiant, Li’l Abner, Roy Crane. Crane still sticks with me a lot. But the guys who hit me over the head hardest, when I got to be 13 years old, were Wally Wood, Jack Davis and Bill Elder on Mad. They were phenomenal! I couldn’t believe anyone could draw like that... I remember picking up an EC comic, Weird Science or Weird Fantasy, and Wally Wood drew some of the most beautiful women I’d ever seen—in spacesuits, or almost spacesuits—I couldn’t believe anyone could render planets and moons and space vehicles with this degree of realism.It drove me crazy, and I would sit around and try to draw stuff like that. I think then my mother prohibited me from reading EC for a while. Then Mad came along, and I would try to copy that stuff. A little bit of Davis rolled off, a little bit of Wood. Scancarelli began his professional association with Gasoline Alley as an assistant to Dick Moores in 1979. Moores sent him the strips fully penciled with the faces inked, and Scancarelli would finish the inking. Although other artists had auditioned for the role, Scancarelli claims his advantage was that he was "the only one who read the strip and knew the characters."When Moores died in 1986, <mask> succeeded him as creator. In 1988, <mask> created a sequence wherein Walt Wallet made copies of the Wallet Family Tree. Walt then broke the fourth wall and offered a copy to each reader who sent a self-addressed stamped envelope. It was <mask> himself who had to fulfill the requests, which numbered almost 100,000, with copies printed at his personal expense. The strip's lettering is unique in that it uses upper and lower case, although almost all strips follow the tradition of upper case only. <mask> also takes the unusual approach of combining continuity storylines with daily gags. He is the strip's sole creator, as he explained to Lindenblatt:
I do love it.The deadlines are the only thing I don’t love about it... Dick Moores used to say that if he didn’t have the strip, he’d be dead. The bad thing is, he did have the strip, and he did die... Once in a while, Mark Cohen will write a poem or give me an idea for a Sunday page, but I do the rest of it. I stare at a blank sheet of paper and come up with it. (Cohen died in 1999. <mask> remembered him with a 2009 Sunday page tribute.) <mask> eschews the use of computers in his work, creating Gasoline Alley using the traditional India ink pen and brush techniques and materials of his predecessors on the strip. Daily strips are composed on bristol paper 15 inches by 5 inches, allowing him room for details that will see publication at much smaller size.Having also collaborated with NCS president George Breisacher on Mutt and Jeff, Scancarelli became the only cartoonist to be involved with two strips on their 75th anniversaries. Scancarelli had said he hoped to shepherd Gasoline Alley to its 100th anniversary (which came in 2018), and he successfully reached and continued past that milestone. Bluegrass musician
Scancarelli is a well-known bluegrass fiddler and founder of the Kilocycle Kowboys. "I've been playing the fiddle too long to be so bad at it," Scancarelli says wryly. "The music to me is the outlet. The art is now the job for me." Recordings of his fiddle and banjo playing reside in the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress.He was a prizewinner at the Old Fiddler's Convention, an event held annually in Galax, Virginia. Model railroader
Scancarelli is an accomplished model railroader and model builder. His HO scale Cliffside Railroad is a detailed tribute to the North Carolina railroad of the 1930s-40s. “My dad instilled in me the love of railways and the love of steam engines,” he said. “There was a short line going from the mill and we’d go see it. I got to know about the people in Cliffside.”

Awards, service and recognition
Scancarelli received the 1988 National Cartoonists Society's Story Comic Strip Award. Since the "Newspaper Comic Strips (Humor)" Category (created in 1957) and the "Newspaper Comic Strips (Story)" Category (created in 1960) were combined in 1989, Scancarelli was the last winner of the separate story strip awards.Scancarelli used Skeezix Wallet's fictional past as a veteran, with Army service from 1942–45, as a springboard for storylines supporting military memorials in the daily strip. In 2000, Scancarelli brought attention to construction of the World War II Memorial in Washington, D.C. by having the characters Skeezix and Nina laud the project in the strip. Then, beginning January 11, 2010, he increased awareness of the proposed National Museum of the United States Army with seven weeks of continuity based on the topic. The Foundation responded by compiling a “Sgt. Wallet” entry in the Museum’s Registry of the American Soldier. Hogan's Alley hailed Scancarelli's "passionate devotion to his craft, and to the heritage of cartooning" in "one of the comics’ most venerable institutions." Comics historian Maurice Horn praised him as "very capable and creative" and credited him with "some of the prettiest artwork in semi-straight humorous cartooning," while also noting Scancarelli's efforts to include more minorities in the strip.References

External links

Blue Ridge Views Video Collection of Appalachian State University (In this installment of the Blue Ridge Views project, the W.L. Eury Appalachian Collection presents a segment featuring fiddler and comic strip drawer <mask> {sic}.) Go Comics: Gasoline Alley
Lambiek
National Cartoonists Society Awards

1941 births
American comic strip cartoonists
American bluegrass musicians
Musicians from North Carolina
Artists from North Carolina
Living people

masks:
James Scancarelli
Jim Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Scancarelli
Jim Scurrelli


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<mask> (; 13 October 1926 – 13 April 2020) was a French astrophysicist, author and the founder scientific and technical director of National Centre for Space Studies (CNES-Centre national d'études spatiales), known to have contributed to the development of Veronique, the first rocket launched by France in 1957. He was an elected fellow of the French Academy of Technologies and a professor emeritus of the Pierre and Marie Curie University (University of Paris VI). <mask> was a recipient of several national honours such as Commander of the Legion of Honour, the third highest French civilian honour, Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit, the second highest French civilian honour, Commander of the Academic Palms, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit, the highest French civilian honour, President's Silver Medal, Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples and Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award. <mask> died on 13 April 2020 in Châtillon, Hauts-de-Seine, aged 93. Biography
<mask> was born in Paris in France on 13 October 1926 and did his studies at the École Normale Supérieure where he came in contact with the Nobel laureate, Alfred Kastler, who was serving the institution as a professorial chair. He graduated from École Normale Supérieure in 1948 and continued his studies at the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) as an associate of physical sciences. In 1952, he reunited with Alfred Kastler in research on atomic coherence phenomenon and secured his doctoral degree (Doctor of Science) under his guidance in 1956.<mask> continued at CNRS for a year more as a research fellow and joined the Aeronomy Service of the institution in 1957 where he became the deputy director in 1958. In 1961, he was promoted as the director, a post he held till 1985. He worked in many capacities during his stay with CNES, as a Scientific and Technical Director (1962-1972), as Top Scientific Advisor (1972-1982) and as an advisor to the President of CNES from 1982. During this period, he served the Pierre and Marie Curie University as a professor without chair from 1957 to 1961, as a full professor from 1962 to 1996 and as a professor emeritus from there on. He also worked as a research director at École Militaire (Joint Defence College). He was made the first Vikram Sarabhai professor at the Physical Research Laboratory in 1977, a visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology in 1985 and a distinguished visiting scientist at Jet Propulsion Laboratory during 1980–2001. He was a member of International Academy of Astronautics (1969), Indian National Science Academy (1978), National Academy of Sciences, USA (1980), Air and Space Academy (1983), Academia Europaea (1989), Academy of Technology (2000), French Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society(2002).He was also a member of the advisory council of the Planetary Society. Legacy

<mask> was one of the pioneers of French space programme and his efforts were reported in the establishment of CNES, the French Space Agency, in 1962. He was known to have contributed to the launch of the first French rocket, Véronique, in 1957. He was one of the founders of Service d’aéronomie du CNRS, (Aeronomy Service of Centre national de la recherche scientifique) and was its director from 1958 to 1985. He participated, as a member of the steering groups, in several global space missions such as the Voyager and Pioneer-Venus of NASA and Vega mission of the Soviet Union to Venus and Halley's Comet and acted as the chief investigator of the Phobos program of the USSR. He assisted Vikram Sarabhai in the establishment of the Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) which later grew to become the present day Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and played a part in providing the payload for the first two Indian rocket launches in 1963 and 1964. <mask> was credited with the discovery of turbopause in 1959, the interstellar wind in 1970, the hydrogen envelope of comets in 1971 and the polar noctilucent clouds in 1973.He was known to have made the measurement of the temperature of the neutral atmosphere from 100 to 500 km, the dynamic parameters of the mesopause region, and Einstein's general relativity redshift on the Sun for the first time. He was the head of the group which introduced scientific ballooning and Lidar technology for atmospheric probing in Europe. The image compression device developed by <mask> is in use with various space agencies for planetary missions around the Moon, Mars and Titan. He also contributed to the establishment of a launch range, in Kourou, French Guyana. <mask>, besides writing several articles on science, authored four books, viz. Vénus dévoilée, Voyage autour d'une planète (Venus Unveiled – 1987), Le Chiffre et le Songe, Histoire politique de la découverte (The Digit and the – 1993), Le Lion et le Moucheron, Histoire des Marranes de Toulouse (The Lion and the Midge – 2000) and Introduction au Siècle des Menaces (Introduction to the Age of Menaces – 2004). He also mentored 80 research scholars in their doctoral research.Awards and recognition
<mask> received three of the highest French civilian honours, Commander of the Legion of Honour, Grand Officer of the National Order of Merit and Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit apart from the honour of the Commander of the Order of Academic Palms and the Silver Medal from the President of the French Republic in 1967. He received the Soviet Order of Friendship of Peoples from the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1989 and the Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 2015. He was a winner of NASA awards twice, NASA Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal in 1972 and NASA Distinguished Service Medal in 2000 and the French Academy of Sciences honoured him two times, Leon Grelaud Prize in 1960 and Prix Paul Doistau–Émile Blutet in 1967. The Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Indian Space Research Organization awarded him the Yuri Gagarin Medal in 1985 and the Vikram Sarabhai Medal in 1994 respectively. He won three awards from the International Academy of Astronautics, Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Award in 1967, Guggenheim Medal in 1986 and Von Karman Award in 1989. He was also a recipient of Rovel H. Prize from the Faculty of Paris in 1957, Aimé Cotton prize of the French Physical Society in 1960, CNES Vermeil medal in 1967, Spie prize, French Roberval Prize in 1993, Gold Medal of the Guiana Space Center in 1995, George N. Goddard Award from the International Society for Optical Engineering in 1997, Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Space Science Award in 2004
and Prix International d'Astronautique (International Astronautics Prize), formerly known as Prix REP-Hirsch in 2019. Award gallery

See also

References

Further reading

External links

1926 births
2020 deaths
French astrophysicists
French science writers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
Recipients of the Order of Friendship of Peoples
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
20th-century French physicists
21st-century French physicists
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French male writers
20th-century French non-fiction writers
21st-century French non-fiction writers
French male non-fiction writers

masks:
Jacques Émile Blamont
Blamont
Blamont
Jacques Blamont
Blamont
Blamont
Blamont
Blamont
Blamont
Blamont


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<mask> (September 11, 1896 – September 25, 1989) was an American politician and lawyer who served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives as a member of the Socialist Party of America. He served as chairman of the Socialist Party of America from 1946 to 1968. <mask> was born in  LaVale, Maryland, and educated at the George School and the University of Wisconsin School of Agriculture. He ran for multiple offices with the Socialist nomination and served in multiple position within the Socialist Party; with him later becoming chairman of the party. He served as the Socialist Party's vice-presidential nominee during the 1944 presidential election and as the party's presidential nominee during the 1952 and 1956 presidential elections. Hoopes conducted the last presidential campaigns of the Socialist Party of America. He briefly joined the Social Democratic Federation in the 1930s before returning to the Socialist Party and later joined the Socialist Party USA after the dissolution of the Socialist Party.Early life

<mask> was born on September 11, 1896, in LaVale, Maryland, to Quaker parents. He graduated from the George School in 1913, and attended the University of Wisconsin School of Agriculture. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar Association in 1921. He married Hazelette Miller, with whom he had three children. Career

Early and party politics

<mask> ran to be the Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Berks County, Pennsylvania, with the Socialist nomination in 1927, 1929, and 1957. From 1928 to 1932, he served as Assistant City Solicitor of Reading and then as City Solicitor of Reading from 1936 to 1940. He served as the Socialist nominee for Governor of Pennsylvania during the 1946 elections.<mask> became a member of the Socialist Party of America in 1914. During the 1920s he served as secretary of the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania. Hoopes served as a member of the national Socialist executive committee during the 1930s. <mask> was selected to serve as the chairman of the Socialist Party of America's 1934 national convention by a vote of 69 to 61 against George E. Roewer. He served as chairman of the Socialist Party of America from 1946 to 1968. Hoopes joined the Socialist Party USA in 1973. In 1936, the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania severed its connection with the Socialist Party of America over ideological and tactical differences.Hoopes remained with the state organization outside of any national organization. On February 7, 1937 the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania called an "Eastern States Conference of Social Democratic Organizations" in Philadelphia which moved forward towards establishing a new organization, the Social Democratic Federation. Hoopes was named to the 7 member committee which issued a call for a National Convention in Pittsburgh, to be held May 29–31, 1937. Pennsylvania House of Representatives

Hoopes won election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1930, with the Socialist nomination alongside fellow Socialist Lilith M. Wilson. Hoopes and Wilson were the first third party delegation to serve in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives since 1917. During the 1930 campaign Hoopes had been arrested for attempting to conduct a political meeting without a permit, but the charges against him were later dropped. He was reelected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1932 and 1934.Hoopes ran for reelection in 1936, but lost in the general election. Hoopes sought election to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in 1938, but lost. Presidential and vice-presidential campaigns

On June 4, 1944, Hoopes was selected unanimously as the vice-presidential running mate to Norman Thomas, who was seeking the presidency for the fifth time. The Thomas and Hoopes presidential ticket placed fourth in the general election and received 79,019 votes. During the 1948 presidential election <mask> was endorsed for the vice-presidency by the Socialist Party of Pennsylvania. However, Tucker P. Smith won the party's vice-presidential nomination at the national convention. On May 5, 1952, the Socialist Party of Massachusetts endorsed <mask> for the Socialist Party of America's presidential nomination and Robin Myers for the vice-presidential nomination.<mask> won the party's presidential nomination on a unanimous vote after his two opponents dropped out and Samuel H. Friedman was selected unanimously as his vice-presidential running mate. <mask> was chosen as the party's presidential nominee after Thomas announced that he would not seek the party's presidential nomination again. During the campaign Hoopes spent $150 and in the general election he placed sixth after receiving 20,203 votes. He was the last member of the Socialist Party to appear on the ballot in Maine until a candidate of the Socialist Party USA appeared on the ballot for a seat in the Maine Senate in the 2018 election. <mask> and Friedman were selected as the party's presidential and vice-presidential nominees during the 1956 presidential election. However, the sixty delegates to the Socialist Party of America's national convention chose not to spend large amounts of money or effort on campaigning for president and would instead seek write-in votes for Hoopes and Friedman. In the general election he placed tenth after receiving 2,128 votes.Hoopes' 1956 presidential campaign was the last conducted by the Socialist Party of America before its dissolution in the 1970s. Later life

From 1957 to 1962, Hoopes served as president of the Pennsylvania Equal Rights Council. He also served as president of the Berks County Bar Association from 1961 to 1962. On September 25, 1989, Hoopes died in a nursing home in Sinking Spring, Pennsylvania of natural causes. References

Further reading
 J. Paul Henderson, <mask>s: The Political Biography of an American Socialist. Glasgow, Scotland: Humming Earth, 2005. External links
 <mask>opes on Social Justice (on The History Channel)

1896 births
1989 deaths
American Christian socialists
American people of English descent
People from Berks County, Pennsylvania
People from Harford County, Maryland
Quaker socialists
Socialist Party of America presidential nominees
Socialist Party USA politicians
Socialist Party of America politicians from Maryland
Candidates in the 1952 United States presidential election
Candidates in the 1956 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
1944 United States vice-presidential candidates
Socialist Party of America politicians from Pennsylvania
Members of the Social Democratic Federation (United States)
George School alumni
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives

masks:
Darlington Hoopes
Hoopes
Darlington Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Hoopes
Darlington Hoope
Darlington Ho


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<mask> (born 8 February 1957) is an Indian actress and classical dancer. She has appeared in more than 1000 films in Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam and Kannada languages. Early life and education
Y<mask> was born on 8 February 1957 in Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh. She was brought up in Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. Her father <mask>a Jnanayya is a district manager in a cooperative marketing society. Her mother Balamma was a house-wife. Her family originally hailed from Guntur district.Vijaya has 9 siblings; 5 sisters, and 4 brothers. She is fifth among them. One of her brothers Y. Raja is a TV actor. She studied in Government girls high school in Kadapa till her 8th standard. She was interested in Science and Hindi subjects. Her parents observed that she was dancing to the tune of Radio music when she was just three years old. Also she used to dance in her school for stage shows.So they decided to teach her dance. During summer holidays after she finished her 8th standard, her parents took her to Vempati China Sathyam, famous dance guru to teach her dance. To continue dance classes, they decided to join her in Kesari High school in Chennai. She studied 9th and 10th standard in that school. Her dance performance debut was in 1975 in Kadapa. Later she did many stage shows in Tamil Nadu. Once there were floods in their place.Actors N. T. Rama Rao, and Akkineni Nageswara Rao visited their place to gather money for the flood-affected areas. She met them for the first time. She went on to play heroine against N.T. Rama Rao in the film Sri Krishna Satya. Film career
She used to learn dance under Vempati China Satyam in Madras. Once, the producers of the film Nindu Hrudayalu visited their dance institute and roped her in for a beggar character who also knows dance. That was her first opportunity in films.Personal life
Vijaya married Amalanathan on 27 January 1985. He used to work as a correspondent in a college. After retiring, he entered into business. Vijaya lives in Mahalingapuram, Chennai with her family. She has a daughter Anushya who got married in 2013. BL (2019)
 F3 (2021)

Malayalam
 Madaalasa (1978)
 Sandhyakku Virinja Poovu (1983)
 Poomadhathe Pennu Police Annamma (1984)
 Uyarum Njan Nadake (1985)...Vasumathi Amma
 Abhayam Thedi (1986)...Tessy
 Vasudha (1992)
 Indraprastham (1996) ... Susanna John
 Devadasi (1999)

Kannada
 Lakshmi Nivasa (1977)
 Poomadhathe Pennu (1984)
 Shanti Kranti (1991)
 Shivanaga (1992)
 Simhada Mari (1997)
 Preethsod Thappa (1998)

Hindi
 Meethi Meethi Baatein (1977)
 Shanti Kranti (1991)

Television

References

External links

1957 births
Living people
Telugu actresses
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Actresses in Tamil television
Actresses from Andhra Pradesh
Actresses in Telugu television
20th-century Indian actresses
Indian television actresses
Actresses in Telugu cinema
People from Kurnool
People from Kadapa

masks:
Yenigandla Vijaya
. Vijaya
Yegandl


texts:
<mask> (born July 11, 1944) is an American author and illustrator. Throughout her school years, Polacco struggled with reading but found relief by expressing herself through art. Polacco endured teasing and hid her disability until a school teacher recognized that she could not read and began to help her. Her book Thank You, Mr. Falker is <mask>'s retelling of this encounter and its outcome. She also wrote such books as Mr. Lincoln's Way and The Lemonade Club. Early years
She is of Georgian, Russian and Ukrainian-Jewish descent on her mother's side and of Irish on her father's side. She was born in 1944 in Lansing, Michigan, the daughter of a teacher and a salesman turned talk show host.Her parents divorced when she was three years old. She, her mother, and her brother went to live at her maternal grandmother's farm in Union City, MI, the setting of many of her stories. Polacco was discouraged in school and did not learn to read until she was nearly fourteen. In junior high school, one of her teachers finally discovered that dyslexia was the reason for her lack of confidence. Although her grandmother died in 1949, when Polacco was only five years old, she appears in several of <mask>'s books. At Oakland Technical High School, Polacco became friends with Frank Oz. She wrote When Lightning Comes in a Jar as a tribute to her grandmother (referred to as "Babushka" in her books), and a cousin.She did not start writing and illustrating her first children's book until she was 41 years old. <mask> resides in her native Union City, Michigan, although not on her family home but on a different property which she purchased which was originally known as "The Plantation". Marriages
Polacco has married three times. She had two children, Traci and Steven, with her first husband. Second husband,Graeme L Blackman  marriage ended in a divorce. Her third husband, Enzo <mask> (m. August 18, 1979), is a chef and cooking instructor. This marriage also ended in divorce.Publications
 Lillian Two Blossom (1988)
 The Keeping Quilt (1988)
 Rechenka's Eggs (1988)
 Meteor! (1987)
 Uncle Vova's Tree (1989)
 Babushka's Doll (1990)
 Just Plain Fancy (1990)
 Thunder Cake (1990)
 Appelemando's Dreams (1991)
 Dream Keeper (1991)
 Some Birthday! (1991)
 Chicken Sunday (1992)
 Mrs. Katz and Tush (1992)
 Picnic at Mudsock Meadow (1992)
 Babushka Baba Yaga (1993)
 The Bee Tree (1993)
 Firetalking (1994)
 My Rotten Redheaded Older Brother (1994)
 Pink and Say (1994)
 Tikvah Means Hope (1994)
 Babushka's Mother Goose (1995)
 My Ol' Man (1995)
 Aunt Chip And The Great Triple Creek Dam Affair (1996)
 I Can Hear The Sun: A Modern Myth (1996)
 The Trees of the Dancing Goats (1996)
 Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic Sung in the Year 1888 (1997) ; Author: Ernest Lawrence Thayer, Illustrator:  <mask>'s Splendid Gardens (1997)
 Mrs. Mack (1998)
 Thank You, Mr. Falker (1998)
 Luba And The Wren (1999)
 Welcome Comfort (1999)
 The Butterfly (2000)
 Betty Doll (2001)
 Gracias, Sr. Falker (2001) , with Teresa Mlawer
 Mr. Lincoln's Way (2001)
 Christmas Tapestry (2002)
 When Lightning Comes In A Jar (2002)
 G is for Goat (2003)
 The Graves Family (2003)
 John Philip Duck (2004)
 Oh, Look! (2004)
 An Orange for Frankie (2004)
 Emma Kate (2005)
 The Graves Family Goes Camping (2005)
 Mommies Say Shhh (2005)
 Rotten Richie and the Ultimate Dare (2006)
 Ginger and Petunia (2006)
 The Lemonade Club (2007)
 For the Love of Autumn (2008)
 Someone for Mr. Sussman (2008)
 In Our Mothers' House (2009)
 January's Sparrow (2009)
 Junkyard Wonders (2010)
 Something About Hensley's (2006)
 Just in Time, Abraham Lincoln (2011)
 Bun Bun Button (2011)
 The Art of Miss Chew (2012)
 Bully (2012)
 Gifts of the Heart (2013)
 The Blessing Cup (2013)
 Clara and Davie (2014)
 Mr. Wayne's Masterpiece (2014)
 Tucky Jo and Little Heart (2015)
 An A From Miss Keller (2015)
 Fiona's Lace (2014)
 The Mermaid's Purse (2016)
 Because of Thursday (2016)

Other media
Aunt Chip and the Great Triple Creek Dam Affair. Video, Color, 23 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1996)
Babushka's Doll. Audio Cassette (New York: Scholastic, 1995)
The Butterfly. Audio Cassette (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1996)
The Butterfly.Video, Color, 30 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1996)
Chicken Sunday. Audio Cassette (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1992)
Chicken Sunday. Video, Color, 14 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1992)
The Keeping Quilt. Video, Color, 13 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1993)
Meteor! Audio Cassette (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1999)
Meteor! Video, Color, 13 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1999)
Mrs. Katz and Tush. Video, Color, 29 minutes (Lincoln, NB: Great Plains National, 1993)
<mask>: Dream Keeper.Video, Color, 23 Minutes (New York: Philomel, 1996)
Parents, Kids & Books: The Joys of Reading Together. Video, Color, 30 Minutes (Dallas, TX: Kera Productions, 1993)
Pink and Say. Audio Cassette (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1996)
Pink and Say. Video, Color, 28 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1996)
Rechenka's Eggs. Audio Cassette (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1991)
Rechenka's Eggs. Video, Color, 11 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1991)
Thank You, Mr. Falker. Audio Cassette (St. Petersburg, FL: Spoken Arts, 1999)
Thank You, Mr. Falker.Video, Color, 23 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1999)
Thunder Cake. Video, Color, 13 minutes (New Rochelle, NY: Spoken Arts, 1990)

Literary Awards
1988 Sydney Taylor Book Award for The Keeping Quilt
1989 International Reading Association Award for Rechenka’s Eggs
March 10, 1990 Santa Clara Reading Council
Author's Hall of Fame
Commonwealth Club of California Recognition of Excellence for
1990 Babushka’s Doll
1992 Chicken Sunday (Nov. 14th 1992 declared Chicken Sunday)
1992 Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators
Golden Kite Award for Illustration for Chicken Sunday
1992 Boston Area Educators for Social Responsibility
Children's Literature and Social Responsibility Award
Nov. 9th 1993 Jane Adams Peace Assoc. and Women's Intl. League for Peace and Freedom Awards
Honor Award for Mrs. Katz and Tush for its effective contribution to peace and social justice. Parent's Choice Honors
1991 Some Birthday
1997 Video/Dream Keeper
1998 Thank You, Mr. Falker
1996 North Dakota Library Association Children's Book Award for My Rotten Red Headed Older Brother
1996 Jo Osborne Award for Humor in Children's Literature
1997 Missouri Association of School Librarians
Show Me Readers Award for My Rotten Red Headed Older Brother
1997 West Virginia Children's Book Award for Pink and Say
1998 Mid-South Independent Booksellers for Children Humpty Dumpty Award
2014 Sydney Taylor Book Award for The Blessing Cup

Articles written about <mask>
Vandergrift, Kay E. "Peacocks, Dreams, Quilts, and Honey: <mask>, A Woman's Voice of Remembrance," In Ways of Knowing: Literature and the Intellectual Life of Children. Ed. By Kay E. Vandergrift.Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996, pp. 259–288. Vandergrift, Kay E. "<mask>," in Twentieth-Century Children's Writers. ed. by Laura Berger. 4th ed. Detroit: St. James, 1995.759–760. Profile, childrenslit.com; accessed on July 8, 2015. Interview, TimeforKids.com; accessed on July 8, 2015. References

External links

1944 births
American children's book illustrators
American children's writers
American women illustrators
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American people of Irish descent
Artists from Michigan
Jewish American writers
Jewish American artists
Artists from Oakland, California
Living people
Writers from Michigan
Writers from Oakland, California
American women children's writers
People from Union City, Michigan
People with dyslexia
Jewish women writers
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women

masks:
Patricia Barber Polacco
Polacco
Polacco
Polacco
Mario Polacco
Patricia Polaczo
Patricia Polacco
Polacco
Patricia Polacco
Patricia Polacco


texts:
<mask> (6 November 1933 – 14 September 2019) was a German physician and pharmacologist who became an East German politician (Christian Democratic Union of Germany). The report on the power relationships between the citizen and the state which she drafted, and in 1988 presented, known as the "Neuenhagen Letter", was a significant precursor to the changes of 1989 which led to the ending, in the early summer of 1990, of the one-party dictatorship, followed by German reunification later that same year. Life

Career
<mask> was born in Berlin towards the end of 1933, the year during which Germany transitioned to one-party dictatorship. Her father was a railway official:  her mother was a nurse. Ackermann passed her secondary school final exams (Abitur) at the "Einstein Upper School"  in the Berlin suburb of Neuenhagen in 1952 which opened the way to a university-level education. In September of that same year she moved on to the Charité clinic which was, and remains, in effect the medical faculty of the Humboldt University in Berlin, where she studied medicine. After the Second World War the entire eastern part of Berlin, which included Humboldt University, had ended up administered as part of the Soviet occupation zone after 1949.<mask> passed her state medical exams in 1957 and received her doctorate in medicine in 1958. During this period, between 1957 and 1959, she undertook her clinical training in a hospital. That was followed by a training in pharmacology and toxicology while working as an academic assistant at the Charité between 1960 and 1965. During 1965 she relocated to Dresden, appointed to a position as a senior research assistant at the "Carl Gustav Carus" Medical Academy (as it was known at that time) where she remained for a decade, until 1975. During this period in 1969 she obtained her habilitation. This was the first habilitation awarded for Clinical Pharmacology in Germany, and she received it for work on "Microsomal electron transport in the human liver". After that, in 1971 she received a full lectureship at the "Carl Gustav Carus" academy.Returning to the Berlin area, between 1975 and 1989 Ackermann worked as a senior research assistant with the Central Institute for Cancer Research at the (East) German Academy of Sciences, based in the Buch quarter, in the northern part of Berlin. She was able to combine the research work at the Cancer Research Institute with a lectureship contract at the Charité. Politics
In 1985 Ackermann became a member of the East German version of the Christian Democratic Union ("Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands" / CDU). Since the late 1940s the Christian Democratic Union of Germany had become one of ten bloc parties and mass organisations with seats in the East German  national parliament (Volkstag). Seats were allocated according to fixed quotas, without reference to "election results", by the ruling Socialist Unity Party ("Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands" / SED), which also controlled the bloc parties through an administrative structure called the National Front. In the central European countries that based their political structures on the highly centralised Leninist model that had been implemented in the Soviet Union during the 1920s and 1930s, national parliaments had little power, but the fact that they were seen to include members from a range of "political parties" and popular movements helped to widen the visible power base which formed one of the pillars underpinning the government's legitimacy. In 1986 Ackermann became the chairwoman for the  local Christian Democratic Union of Germany in Neuenhagen, her home town.The Neuenhagen Christian Democratic Union of Germany was an unusually active local branch, with a membership of sixty, all of whom could be relied upon to appear for the annual Christmas celebrations. However, only around fifteen turned up regularly for meetings and contributed significantly to party activities. It was, Ackermann indicated, partly in order to try and broaden participation from the local party membership, that from the time she took over chairmanship of the local party in 1986, she arranged for a series of relatively "provocative" presentations to take place, linked by the theme "Do we need more democracy?" ("Brauchen wir mehr Demokratie?"). In June 1988, as chair of the Neuenhagen local party, <mask> <mask> sent an internal letter to Gerald Götting, the Christian Democratic Union party national chairman in Berlin. There may have been input from fellow-members, but it is widely assumed that the text of what came to be known as the "Neuenhagen letter" was composed by Ackermann herself. The theme of the letter was reform ("der Reformprozess").It identified an institutionalised resistance to reform. Local party members could in some ways be taken as a microcosm  for East German society as a whole. In personal conversations, where the "psychological barriers" presented by public discussion could be set aside, you would find the concerns, anxieties, irritations, disappointments and political disagreements that you would find in the wider population and in workplaces, together with more positive attitudes and other joys. But none of the "opinion research" undertaken by one-on-one conversations was reflected in the state institutions or in the state-controlled media. The closely thought through "beef" of the letter was divided into four sections:
 The growing wave of emigration pressure and its handling by the state authorities ("Die Ausreise-und Reisewelle in der DDR und ihre Handhabung durch den Apparat "),
 Absence of any spirit of [political] pluralism ("Der fehlende geistige Pluralismus"),
 The condition of representative democracy ("Der Stand der Vertretungsdemokratie,") and
 The church:state relationship. Back in the early 1950s, as the East German leadership struggled to impose itself, the "Neuenberger letter" might have led to arrest and imprisonment or worse. Back then the leadership were confident that they could rely, where necessary, on fraternal Soviet intervention to impose order, as happened in 1953.In the 1980s, however, with the winds of Perestroika blowing across from, of all places, Moscow, there could be no such confidence. In shared export markets the Soviet Union and East German were increasingly coming across one another as commercial rivals, while at government level the personal relationships between the two leaderships were terrible. The East German leadership therefore lacked the iron confidence to impose its will uncompromisingly on dissenters. Nevertheless, authorship of the "Neuenhagen latter" did not come without personal cost to Ackermann. The Ministry for State security launched an Operativer Vorgang (loosely:"operational process") against her. Research projects on which she was working were cut. On 13 April 1989, on flimsy grounds, she lost the post to which she had been promoted at the (East) German Academy of Sciences as deputy section leader of the Central Institute for Cancer Research.She had to reckon with the constant possibility that her car would be tampered with overnight. <mask> did not withdraw from politics, however, and her actions were indeed part of a wider series of changes, although it was hard to anticipate exactly where those changes were leading. In May 1989 she stood successfully as a Christian Democratic Union candidate for election to the local council in Neuenhagen. In October 1989 she was one of those who called for an "extraordinary Christian Democratic Union party conference", and on 31 October 1989 she was one of the Christian Democratic Union members who met at a little Lutheran priory on the eastern outskirts of Berlin to prepare for a visit to Gerald Götting the next day. This led, finally, to the resignation of Götting as party leader on 2 November 1989,  to be replaced by Lothar de Maizière. On 9 November 1989 protesters breached the Berlin Wall. It quickly became apparent that the Soviet troops in East Germany had received no orders to intervene, and the future trajectory of the Peaceful Revolution became a little clearer.In January 1990 <mask> found herself invited to resume her teaching at the Charité where, in August 1991, she took over as acting director of the Pharmacology-Toxicology Institute. In Neuenhagen, newly elected to the local council, Ackermann participated in local round table negotiations, as the politically engaged struggled to find a path ahead. In March 1990 the German Democratic Republic held its first (and, as matters turned out, last) freely conducted general election. <mask> <mask> stood for election as a Christian Democratic Union candidate and was elected, representing the Frankfurt (Oder) electoral district in the National Parliament (Volkskammer). German reunification took place, formally, in October 1990. This was accompanied by a dissolution of the East German Volkskammer, and the transfer of 144 (out of the 400 former members) Volkskammer members into an enlarged German Bundestag. Those making the transfer, which included <mask>, were elected by fellow members.The East German Christian Democratic Union had leap-frogged into first place in the March election, as a result of which 71 of the 144 eastern members transferring to the Bundestag on 3 October 1990 came from the eastern Christian Democratic Union and its close German Social Union ally. The Eastern and western CDU were now merged leaving <mask> as a member of the pan-German Christian Democratic Union. She remained a Bundestag member till the general election which took place in December 1990. After reunification
<mask> found herself back in the Bundestag in October 1991 following the resignation from the assembly of Lothar de Maizière, who had served as East Germany's last prime minister during the summer of the previous year. <mask> was selected to take on her former colleague's Brandenburg seat. She now remained a member till the 1994 election after which she withdrew from national politics, though she remained politically active in her own region. <mask> returned to the Charité, was appointed a director in 1994, and remained engaged as a teacher at the medical faculty's Institute for Clinical Pharmacology till her retirement in 1998.She had also remained a member of the local council in Neuenhagen since 1989, and in 1996 she was elected chair of the Christian Democratic Union party group on the council. In Summer 2007 she resigned the chair after the majority of the group had indicated that the time had come for a change. Press reports indicated that this came as the culmination of a period of internal ructions in the group who had as much to do with personality differences as with policy  differences. In September 2007 <mask> also resigned her party membership. Her fellow council member, Susanne Ahrens, withdrew her support from the Christian Democratic Union faction in the council at the same time. They formed an alternative grouping which they called the "Christlich soziale Frauen" ("Christian Social Women"). <mask> <mask> explained the move by criticising the misogynistic attitude of her replacement as Christian Democratic Union group leader on the council,  Alfred Kuck, and some of his male colleagues.The local party reacted by submitting a motion at state level calling for <mask>'s exclusion from the party. Ackermann pointed out that she had already resigned. A certain amount of rancour was on very public display. Pointing out that the reason that she had retained her position with the Christian Democratic Union group on the Neuenhagen council was that she was the one who had always attracted the votes in local elections ("Ich habe immer die Stimmen geholt"), she again stood as a candidate for the local council in the 2008 municipal elections, now representing the "New Neuenhagen Citizen's Alliance" ("Neue Bürger Allianz Neuenhagen" /NBA). This time her candidacy was not successful, and she resigned from the NBA in February 2009. Meanwhile, the motion submitted by the Neuenhagen party to have Ackermann excluded from the Christian Democratic Union was rejected by the party state leadership for Brandenburg. Ackermann was handed a reprimand for conduct damaging to the party and remained a Christian Democratic Union of Germany member.Honour
In 2014 <mask> became the first recipient of the Wilhelm Wolf prize. Wilhelm Wolf was the first regional chairman of the regional Christian Democratic Union of Germany in Brandenburg. He was killed under circumstances that were never clearly explained in a motor accident during the period when Brandenburg was part of the Soviet occupation zone and the authorities were implementing a carefully crafted plan to impose one-party rule. References

Physicians of the Charité
Members of the Volkskammer
Members of the Bundestag for Brandenburg
Members of the Bundestag 1990–1994
Members of the Bundestag 1987–1990
Christian Democratic Union (East Germany) politicians
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
German pharmacologists
Women pharmacologists
20th-century German physicians
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
1933 births
2019 deaths
Members of the Bundestag for the Christian Democratic Union of Germany

masks:
Else Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann
Else
Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann
Else
Ackermann
Elise Ackermann
Elise Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann
Else
Ackermann
Ackermann
Ackermann


texts:
<mask> 1818 – August 16, 1893) was an American mathematician, linguist, and educator. He was the first black college professor in the United States, teaching at New York Central College, McGrawville. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City as one of three sons to Michel and Elizabeth (Melville<mask>, free people of color (their surname was originally Rison). They were from Guadeloupe and Saint-Domingue, respectively, and immigrated as refugees in 1793 shortly after the early years of the Haitian Revolution. His brothers were Elwer W. and Patrick H<mask>, who also became leaders. Their older sister Policarpe died in 1818 at age four. <mask> and two of his brothers attended the African Free School in New York; among their classmates were Henry Highland Garnet, George T. Downing, and Ira Aldridge.As <mask> was a child prodigy in mathematics, he began teaching the subject there, at the age of fourteen. He attended the short-lived Noyes Academy in Canaan, New Hampshire, in 1835. He next appears in 1849 as a faculty member, giving an inaugural address, at the New York Central College, an integrated institution founded by members of the American Baptist Free Mission Society in McGraw, New York (then called McGrawville, not to be confused with the current McGrawville). He was described as of "fair education and superior intelligence, 'complexion very light, beautiful black curly hair and a magnificent moustache'. He would very easily pass for an Anglo-Saxon." Another description says he is "one of the most courtly gentlemen of the colored race in this city" (New York). <mask>'s first teaching job, in the 1830s, was at "the Quaker school in Laurens Street."In 1847, <mask>, along with <mask> Ray, founded the New York-based Society for the Promotion of Education among Colored Children. Two years later, he was appointed professor of belles-lettres, Greek, Latin, and French at New York Central College, McGrawville, while also serving as an adjunct professor of mathematics. Central College was the first college to be integrated from its opening day; it hired <mask> as the most qualified applicant. <mask> was thus both the first Black professor, and the first Black teacher with white students, in the United States. He was described in a newspaper as "an accomplished and attractive man, and...a fine and ripe scholar, ...highly popular with the students, and with the citizens of McGrawville." In 1852 <mask> left that post to become the principal of the Quaker Institute for Colored Youth in Philadelphia (later Cheyney University of Pennsylvania), a post he held until 1856. During his time there, <mask> increased enrollment from six students to 118.Here he favored math and the sciences, but gradually included other areas of study, particularly languages. Seniors expected their grades to appear in the most widely circulated paper in the U.S. black communities: the A.M.E.'s Christian Recorder. Half of the students normally failed to graduate. Though instruction was strict, and exams were rigorous, parents scrambled to register their children. <mask> returned to New York, where he served for decades in public education as a teacher, administrator, and reformer. He was principal of Colored Grammar School No. 2, on 41st Street.Later he was principal of Colored School No. 6 on 36th Street. During this time, he was instrumental in efforts to abolish slavery and segregation. He was a delegate to the Colored Labor Convention held in Saratoga Springs, New York in 1870. He successfully lobbied for passage of an 1873 statute to integrate New York's public schools; however, in 1876 he was the head of New York City's colored public schools. He was politically active in many community groups. In the presidential election of 1884 he was a candidate for the Electoral College, at the moment a politically important position, on the Republican ticket.In 1878 he owned a brownstone at 242 East 53rd St. It was filled with books. He was described as "a remarkably well-read man and speaks several languages. ...He is said to be worth $60,000" (). After the public schools in New York City were desegregated, he became principal of Grammar School No. 80 at 252 West 42nd Street. Although suffering two strokes (one in 1885 and one in 1890) that left him physically incapacitated, <mask> continued at his post until he retired, some five months before his death.<mask> was also a poet. He contributed to the Colored American in the 1830s and was a leader of New York City's Phoenix Society in the 1840s. He wrote the poem "Freedom", which celebrated the British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson; it was published in Alexander Crummell's 1849 biography of Clarkson. Marriage and family
Not much documentation has been found on <mask>'s personal life, but he was said to have been married and widowed three times. His third and final wife was Clorice (Duplessis) Esteve (1819–1884), whom he married in New York City on July 17, 1855. They had no children, although she had a daughter from her previous marriage to <mask> Esteve (1809–1852), a French West Indian confectioner, restaurateur, and caterer in New York City. <mask> suffered two strokes, which, after a recovery period, required him to go to work in a carriage, as he could not walk.He retired five months before his death. He died in his 53rd St. home in New York City in 1893. The cause of his death was specified as Bright's disease. His estate was estimated at $30,000. Further reading
John E. Fleming (with the assistance of Julius Hobson Jr., John McClendon and Herschelle Reed), The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery: A Historical Justification for Affirmative Action for Blacks in Higher Education (Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press, 1974)
 Anthony R. Mayo, "<mask> <mask>," Negro History Bulletin 5 (June 1942):212-15
 W. J. Simmons, Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive, and Rising (1887), pp. 1105–13. References

Works cited

1818 births
1893 deaths
Scientists from New York City
19th-century American mathematicians
African-American academics
American people of Guadeloupean descent
American people of Haitian descent
School desegregation pioneers
Linguists from the United States
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
African-American abolitionists
Mathematicians from New York (state)
New York Central College faculty
African Free School alumni
New York Central College alumni
African-American college graduates before 1865

masks:
Charles Lewis Reason
Charles Lewis Reason
) Reason
. Reason
Charles
Charles
Career Reason
Reason
Charles Bennett
Reason
Reason
Reason
Reason
Reason
Reason
Reason
Reason
John Lucien
Reason
Charles Lewis
Reason


texts:
<mask> (), or <mask>, is a Chinese defector to Australia and self-proclaimed former spy. In November 2019, <mask> sought political asylum in Australia, claiming to be a spy who was involved in the People's Republic of China's intervention in the affairs of Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan. The factual accuracy of his claims is disputed, and some experts suggested he may not be more than a low-level operative. <mask>'s case drew worldwide attention, and led to two arrests in Taiwan. In November 2021, <mask>'s main assertions regarding his involvement in building a "spy network" in Taiwan were discredited after Taiwan authority announced years-long investigation found no evidence to support the existence of such network or activity, and individuals that <mask> accused as his associates or spy handlers were cleared of all national security charges due to "a lack of evidence". Investigation
Shanghai police stated that <mask> is a convicted fraudster who left mainland China for Hong Kong on bogus travel documents. Online court records appear to confirm he had received a suspended sentence of 18 months from a Fujian court in October 2016.<mask> has denied these allegations. The factual accuracy of these claims (of fraud) are disputed by <mask>, because, according to ASPI's strategic analyst Alex Joske who participated in 60 Minutes's investigation of <mask>, <mask> claimed he obtained a police check which was clear of any such convictions when he applied for Australian visa. <mask> claims that he was involved in the PRC government's operation to support pro-Beijing media outlets in Taiwan and candidates in the 2018 Taiwanese local elections, with the ultimate goal to prevent incumbent ROC President Tsai Ing-wen's re-election in 2020. <mask> also claimed to be involved in the abductions of the Causeway Bay Books booksellers in Hong Kong, although Lam Wing-kee, one of the abductees, does not recall meeting him and has reservations about his claims. Lam Wing Kee told Hong Kong media that <mask> was likely just repeating details of the abduction that he had “heard elsewhere,” dismissing his claim to have played any central role in the operation. Leonid Petrov, a Korean security expert at the Australian National University, also said the South Korean passport contained serious discrepancies. And questioned why would the Chinese intelligence ever equip their spies with crude forgeries?Petrov points out that '<mask>' is a very common Chinese name but a very rare name in Korea. And that picking an unusual name for a South Korean citizen's passport would had only attracted unwanted attention to the passport bearer. Additionally Petrov points out an obvious error that the Korean name on the passport in the lower right area doesn't match the English name listed. Lastly he pointed out that <mask> does not speak Korean, hence the issuance and use of this fake passport for anything other than just “flash” purposes was unprofessional for intelligence operations as carrying a passport in a language one does not speak is extremely risky. Sky News host Sharri Markson reported in the Daily Telegraph that <mask> may have only been engaged in low-level work for the Chinese. The Daily Telegraph had also reported that Australian intelligence officials had briefed the Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison on a report witheringly titled “China Spy Farce”, with the consensus that it is “highly dubious” that <mask>ang was the high-level Chinese spy that he claims to be, and while <mask> may have been involved in “very low-level” work, he did not operate in Australia and would “not have value” to the country. <mask> also claimed that he worked with the Hong Kong-based company China Innovation Investment Limited to infiltrate Hong Kong universities and media with pro-Communist Party of China operatives.On 26 November, Taiwanese authorities detained and questioned Chinese businessman Xiang Xin (向心, also Xiang Nianxin 向念心) and his wife Gong Qing (龔青), executives of China Innovation whom <mask> identified as Chinese intelligence operatives. The two denied knowing <mask>. The two were accused of running a spy network directed by high-level members of the People's Liberation Army, Nie Li and Ding Henggao. On April 8, 2021, Xiang and Gong were charged with illegally laundering around US$24 million from Shanghai-based Guotai Investment Holding Group (國太投資), with an investigation regarding whether the two violated the National Security Act ongoing. The prosecutors alleged that Xiang held positions at various Chinese state corporations related to the military, while Gong worked as an art editor for a military affairs magazine. However, on November 12, 2021, Taiwan's Taipei Prosecutors Office said it has dropped all national security related charges against Xiang Xin and five other alleged associates citing "a lack of evidence". The prosecutors said they could not find any evidence to back <mask>'s assertions that the businesses invested by Xiang Xin ever engaged in election interference or information operations in Taiwan.There was also little evidence to support <mask>'s assertion that Xiang Xin ran a spy network supported by China, as <mask> asserted in 2019. Reactions

Australia
Australian Prime Minister Scott Morrison described allegations of a Chinese plot to infiltrate Australia's parliament as "deeply disturbing". "I would caution anyone leaping to any conclusions about these matters. And that's why we have these agencies." On 24 November 2019, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) confirmed that <mask>'s allegations were being taken "seriously", but did not comment on the merits thereof. Labor leader Anthony Albanese said the reports were "of real concern", and that <mask> might have a "legitimate claim for asylum". Liberal member-of-parliament Andrew Hastie called <mask> a "friend of democracy", and also called for the government to grant <mask>'s asylum application.James Laurenceson, acting director of the Australia-China Relations Institute at the University of Technology Sydney criticised the Australian media for pushing the <mask> story too hastily without having it verified first . He stated “It is a fact that Australian journalists, commentators and politicians more hawkish on China and more invested in the ‘China threat’ narrative were the ones breaking the <mask> story and talking it up. The <mask> story is just the latest example of claims running ahead of an evidence base in Australia.”

Speaking on national television, Australian Treasurer Josh Frydenberg declined to comment on ASIO's "operational matter," but said that the Australian government "makes no apologies for the laws that [it's] introduced around foreign interference and foreign influence." Mainland China
Ma Xiaoguang, leader of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Chinese State Council, claimed that "the mainland never involves itself in Taiwanese elections, and these reports are complete nonsense." He further stated that whoever "made up" this story intends to meddle with the Taiwanese election unjustly and that he believed "Taiwanese compatriots will see this right through." The Jing'an Branch of the Shanghai Public Security Bureau issued an official statement that <mask> was a fugitive in a fraud case and that both his Chinese passport and Hong Kong permanent resident identity card were forged. On 27 November, Chinese state-owned Global Times released an "exclusive" court video apparently showing <mask> on trial for fraud, admitting all charges, and given a suspended sentence of 18 months.However, some critics argued that the video is likely doctored, because it appears "blurry" and "heavily edited," and features mostly the back of the subject. Taiwan

Han Kuo-yu, the Kuomintang presidential candidate rejected claims of electoral assistance from the CCP and said that if he had taken even a single dollar from them for the campaign, he would withdraw immediately. President Tsai responded that China obviously intends to interfere with Taiwanese elections. Wong Yen-ching, former deputy director of Taiwan's Military Intelligence Bureau, stated that he suspected <mask> of fraud and that based on his professional judgement, he can say with certainty that [<mask>'s allegations] were falsified in an attempt to seek political asylum.” According to him, <mask>'s claim that he worked in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, and that he reported to two supervisors at the same time contradicts the basic principles of espionage as spies assigned tasks in one location at a time, will not report to multiple supervisors simultaneously. In addition, Wong says that <mask> referred to China’s intelligence bureau by a former name,  appearing to have no knowledge that it was later renamed. Wong asserts "If <mask> had valuable information to provide, the Australian government would protect the information by attempting to prevent him from giving interviews. As Canberra apparently does not trust him, <mask> must have spoken to the media in an attempt to avoid being deported back to China".See also
 2019 Australian Parliament infiltration plot
 Australia-China relations
 Cross-Strait relations

References

Chinese defectors
Living people
Cross-Strait relations
Australia–China relations
November 2019 events in Australia
Right of asylum in Australia
Espionage in China
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Wang Liqiang
William Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Liqi
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Liqiang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Liqiang
Wang Liqiang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang


texts:
<mask> (1915–1991), known as <mask>, was an American writer, farmer and Peace Corps volunteer. He worked and wrote in the small town of Rio Verde, Ecuador. His books have been praised by writers such as Paul Theroux, Thomas Cahill and Larry McMurtry. Early and later life

<mask> was born in 1915 into a wealthy American family in Seattle. His namesake was after his grandfather a powerful Washington businessman. Charlie, his father was President of Centennial Mills (Krusteaz Brand) and a multi-millionaire at the turn of the 20th century. As detailed in his memoirs, his relationship with his father was extremely strained, with <mask> describing the man as "tyrannical."During World War II, <mask> served as a B-17 Flying Fortress bombardier in the Eighth Air Force. At age 44 he was working as a farmer in California when he decided to join the Peace Corps. In 1964, at 48 years old, <mask> came to Ecuador as one of the first volunteers of the Peace Corps . Upon arrival, and after many wanderings, he was assigned on condition of agricultural expert to the small fishing town of Green River, north of the province of Esmeraldas . <mask> lived for four years in that village, and a total of 35 years in Ecuador. After serving as a volunteer for four years, he remained in Ecuador. He died in 1991 of cholera.Writings
During his time in Ecuador, <mask> wrote and published four books of memories and impressions, most of them on Ecuador and experience with poverty. Living Poor: a Peace Corps Chronicle
The first of these books,  Living Poor: a Peace Corps Chronicle  originally appeared as a series of vignettes in the San Francisco Chronicle, in its Sunday edition. By 1968, these texts were collected, edited and appeared in the form of a printed book by University of Washington Press. From then until the present, the book has remained in print continuously, with editions in the US, UK, Germany and more recently France. In the US alone the book has sold over a hundred thousand copies. It was officially published in 1969 and is ranked as one of the best Peace Corps memoirs ever written. Other works
<mask> published a second book about his experience in Ecuador's agriculture in 1978:  The Farm on the River of Emeralds  and then, in 1989 and 1990 his two recent texts:  The Saddest Pleasure: a Journey on Two Rivers  , about his experiences in Ecuador and in a series of trips to Brazil.It won a 1991 Governor's Writers Award (now the Washington State Book Awards). In his introduction to The Best Travel Writing, 2005, author Tom Miller writes that  The Saddest Pleasure: A Journey on Two Rivers  "embodies some of the very finest elements of travel literature: constant doubt, a meddlesome nature, and a disregard for nationalism." My Two Wars (published posthumously) looks at both his "tempestuous" relationship with his father and his experiences as a World War II bombardier. A fifth Thomsen book, Bad News From a Black Coast, has been recently published (available on Amazon). The San Francisco-based literary journal Zyzzyva published "The Bombardier's Handbook" in Winter 2013. A selection of entries from Thomsen's World War II diaries, "The Bombardier's Handbook" was selected as a Notable Essay in Best American Essays 2014. According to the introduction by Pat Joseph, Thomsen did not have his journals when he wrote his combat memoir, "My Two Wars."<mask>'s literary work has been recognized and exalted by writers such as Paul Theroux, his personal friend and the prologue of The Saddest Pleasure, Tom Miller, Martha Gellhorn, Larry McMurtry, Wallace Stegner and Page, and Tony D'Souza. Thomsen received a number of literary awards, including the Washington State Book Award in 1991 and the Paul Cowan Award 1989. Since 1992, an organization named Peace Corps Writers awards an annual prize for the best short written about the experience of the body Peace named <mask> <mask> Peace Corps Experience Award. Several scholarly studies affirm and confirm the idea, widespread among a wide group of readers, that <mask> <mask> is one of the most important but least known of the second part of the twentieth century American writers. Miller calls <mask> "one of the great American expatriate writers of the twentieth century" and describes him as "A soft-hearted cuss, a man of almost insufferable integrity, a lousy farmer and a terrific writer." He describes <mask>'s style as one that  "pledged allegiance to nothing except his station as an expatriate. And as an expat he was free to judge us all, an undertaking he finessed with acute observations, self-deprecation, and a flavorful frame of reference that ranged from a Tchaikovsky symphony to a Sealy Posturpedic mattress."<mask> was a descendant of the powerful <mask> family of Washington. His grandfather, Mortiz <mask> his namesake, was a renowned adventurer. John D. Rockefeller hailed him in a journal article as one of the 12 Men Who Shaped the West and a biography of his life Wind in His Sails chronicled his adventures. His grandfather started the first flour mill on the west coast in the 1800s. It is estimated that his father, <mask> would have been a billionaire in modern day with inflation accounted for. <mask> was also of related to the fellow Danish Jensen family of Minnesota. Worldview

<mask>'s worldview is reflected in a statement he once made: "Living Poor is like being sentenced to exist in a stormy sea in a battered canoe, requiring all your strength simply to keep afloat; there is never any question of reaching a destination.True poverty is a state of perpetual crisis, and one wave just a little bigger or coming from an unexpected direction can and usually does wreck things." Bibliography

Selected works
 Living Poor: A Peace Corps Chronicle   (1969; new edition by Eland in 2011)
 The Farm on the River of Emeralds (1978)
 The Saddest Pleasure: A Journey on Two Rivers (1990)
 My Two Wars (1996) (published posthumously)
 Bad News from a Black Coast (2018)''

References

External links
 Article at SpokesmanReview.com
 Article at PeaceCorpsWriters.org

Peace Corps volunteers
1915 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American writers
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Martin Moritz Thomsen Titus
Moritz Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Legacy Thomsen
Moritz
Thomsen
Moritz
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen
Charles Thomsen
Thomsen
Thomsen


texts:
<mask> (Rome, 14 October 1901 – 7 July 1966) was an Italian aviator, powerboat racer, Air Force general during World War II, and the personal pilot of Benito Mussolini during the 1930s. Biography

Early career and interwar years

He was born in Rome on October 14, 1901, the son of Vittorio Biseo and Adelia Tommasini, and he enlisted in the Royal Italian Navy, serving on submarines after graduating as Ensign. On 5 September 1923 he was transferred at his request to the newly established Regia Aeronautica, and attended the Varese Flight School. In 1924 he became a seaplane pilot, initially serving at the 141st Seaplane Reconnaissance Squadron based in La Spezia. After a short period at the 25th Seaplane Wing, in January 1925 he was transferred to the School of Aerial Observation. In 1927 he married Miss Elena Fraschetti, with whom he had four children, Stefania, Maurizio, Marcella and Luciana. He participated in Italo Balbo's Western Mediterranean Air Cruise of 1928 and then in the Eastern Mediterranean Air Cruise of 1929.On 25 September 1929 he was appointed aide-de-camp of the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Regia Aeronautica, General Giuseppe Valle, and in the same period he became the personal pilot of the head of the government, Benito Mussolini. After promotion to captain in 1930, he participated in the Italy-Brazil Transatlantic Air Cruise (17 December 1930 – 15 January 1931) as second pilot of the Savoia-Marchetti S.55 seaplane "I-VALL", piloted by General Valle. He later took part, as the first pilot of the S.55 "I-BISE", in the Decennial Air Cruise, obtaining promotion to the rank of major for extraordinary merits. A fan of powerboating, in 1932 and 1934 he won the classic Pavia-Venice motorboat race on board a SIAI airboat equipped with a Fiat and later a Farina engine. Also in 1932 he won the Montelera Cup held between Pontelagoscuro and Volta Grimana over a distance of 58.747 km. In 1935 he assumed command of the 12th Fast Bombardment Wing stationed in Montecelio, and subsequently of the "Nastro Azzurro" (Blue Ribbon) training unit. In the summer of the same year he piloted the prototype of the Savoia Marchetti S.79 (I-MAGO) during the visit made by the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, General Valle, in East Africa.On 5 August he flew the S.79 from Massawa to Rome, with a short stop in Cairo, in 11 hours and 45 minutes, at an average speed of 350 km / h. On 23 September of the same year, still flying a Savoia Marchetti S.79 which took off from Rome-Urbe, he beat six world records on the Monte Cavo-Monte Nerone-Orbetello circuit: speed over 1,000 km with 500 kg load, average 390 km /h, speed over 1,000 km with 1,000 and 2,000 kg load, average 390 km/h; speed on 2,000 km with 500 and 1,000 kg of average load, 380 km/h (former USA record, 307,234 km/h). The record of 2,000 km without load held by Germany with 344,310 km / h was also beaten. For this feat he was decorated with the Gold Medal of Aeronautic Valor. In February 1937 he flew to Spain the first three S.79 bombers, coming from the 12th Wing, destined to equip the Aviazione Legionaria during the Spanish Civil War. Later in the same year he flew bombing missions in Spain, for which he was awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor. Between 20 and 21 August 1937 he took part in the Istres-Damascus-Paris air race aboard a S.79CS (I-BIMU) belonging to the 205th Bombardment Squadron, which he flew alongside Bruno Mussolini; they finished in third place, and Biseo was promoted to colonel and decorated with the silver medal for aeronautical valor. In January 1938 he participated, again together with Bruno Mussolini and Captain Antonio Moscatelli, in the Rome-Dakar-Rio de Janeiro raid of about 9,800 km, completed by three S.79T in little more than 24 hours.He was awarded a second gold medal for aeronautical valor for this feat. In those years he had a relationship with actress Leda Gloria, who in 1938 gave him two twin children, Ilia and Atte. In 1939 he became director in the new airline LATI, where he collaborated in the establishment of the Rome-Seville-Ilha do Sal-Recife-Rio de Janeiro air link, with airport installations on the Ilha do Sal being built under the supervision of his brother Giovanni. The service was inaugurated in November of the same year, and he temporarily moved to Brazil. Between 1939 and 1941 Charles Ponzi, inventor of the scheme of the same name, worked for LATI as commercial director; he obtained the job thanks to the intercession of <mask>, who was his cousin. World War II and later years

When the Kingdom of Italy entered the Second World War on 10 June 1940, Biseo was recalled to Italy to take up the post of Chief of Staff of the 5th Air Division "Eolo". In the same year he was promoted to air brigade general (equivalent to air commodore) for war merits, later taking command of the 23rd Land Bombardment Wing and then of the 9th Air Brigade "Leone", equipped with the new Caproni Ca.313.He was awarded a Bronze Medal of Military Valor for his activities in North Africa in the summer of 1940. In April 1942, during a secret meeting with the Chief of the General Staff, Marshal of Italy Ugo Cavallero, and with engineer and expert motorist Armando Palanca, he proposed to carry out a demonstrative bombing of New York, codenamed "Operation S", which would be carried out by a single bomber (initially the Piaggio P.23R, later replaced by a CANT Z.511 and then by a Savoia-Marchetti SM.95). This planned action was never carried out due to the worsening of the Italian war situation. Following the Armistice of Cassibile he was captured by the Germans and briefly imprisoned in Oflag 64/Z in Schokken, Poland, but was released after swearing allegiance to the Italian Social Republic. After the end of the war he left the air force and moved to Chile, where he organized the local commercial aviation. He also worked in Peru, Argentina and Paraguay, before returning to Italy in 1960, to take up the post of director of a private airline operating from Ciampino airport. In 1962 he married in second marriage Piera Pozzolo, who in 1949 had given him a daughter, Sandra.He died in Rome on July 7, 1966. References

1901 births
1966 deaths
Italian military personnel of World War II
Italian military personnel of World War I
Italian aviators
Italian Air Force generals
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor

masks:
Attilio Biseo
Biseo


texts:
<mask> (January 14, 1922 – August 6, 1977) was a top heavyweight contender who defeated fighters such as Tami Mauriello, Lee Savold, Lou Nova, and Freddie Mills, while losing decisions to <mask> and Ezzard Charles. Background
<mask> was a child of the Kulpmont, Pennsylvania coal mines. His parents was of Slovak descent. He was quoted as saying that he never had any intention of being a boxer, but he saw it "as a ticket to a better way of life, out of the coal mines." He broke into professional boxing in 1940 at the age of 18. He beat nine boxers that year, including the future movie actor Jack Palance (who fought under the name of Jack Brazzo) at the Westchester County Center in White Plains, NY. Boxing career

Becoming a contender
Baksi campaigned over the boxing circuit for a number of years, until he got his first big match with Tami Mauriello on February 25, 1944 at Madison Square Garden.Mauriello was the 5-11 favorite, and the bronx contender for the Heavyweight crown. Mauriello was expected to win, based on his experience. Baski hoped to win by matching punch with punch and using his 210 vs. 196 lb weight advantage to his favor. Tami was floored late in the first round with a left hook by Baksi, and was down for a nine count. Tami faced a battering and battled back to prevent his first knockout defeat. <mask> won by unanimous decision. <mask>'s upset over Tami sprang him to nationwide prominence.He was the favorite to beat Lee Savold two weeks later at the Garden, having the weight advantage and coming off his victory over Mauriello (who had beaten Savold twice before). But <mask> was a tyro compared to Savold. Baksi got off to a slow start, and though he showed advantage in the ninth and tenth rounds Savold boxed his way with left hooks and jabs to win a split decision that night. They had a rematch on March 10, 1944. This time, Savold was the 5-7 favorite. <mask> was in better shape that night, and fought a careful fight, out "left-handing" Savold, who was thought to have the best southpaw amongst the heavyweight contenders. At the finish Savold's left eye was cut, his nose and mouth bleeding, and his left side looked like raw hamburger.<mask>'s only wound was a broken nose. He won a unanimous decision. His victory advanced him to be ranked 4th in the N.B.A rankings, behind champion <mask>, and boxers Billy Conn and Jimmy Bivins. Baksi went on to beat Savold again on August 7, 1944. In his next fight, Baksi defeated Finnish boxer Gunnar Baerlund (GeeBee) and then scheduled a fight with his former sparring partner Lee Oma on January 28, 1945. Oma, unknown six months previously, gained fame by putting up a spirited fight against Mauriello in September. Oma lost that fight but earned a rematch in December, which he won.Still, <mask> was a 1-3 favorite to beat Oma. He had a 25-pound advantage over Oma, and corresponding advantages in height, reach, and punching power. But he lacked mental alertness that night, having suffered a cold over the last several days before the fight. He made a late comeback in the fight, but lost the fight by a unanimous decision. Baksi went on to win a unanimous decision against Lou Nova on March 30, flooring Nova in the fourth round with a left hook to the ribs that kept Nova down for a count of nine. <mask> was now the second ranked (wartime) heavyweight. He scored easy decisions against Lee Dixie Oliver and Larry Lane, and then fought a thirty-one-year-old <mask> Walcott.Walcott had lost earlier bouts with world-class professionals, and was an underdog against <mask>. But Walcott won, scoring 6-3-1 on the single referees scorecard. Walcott's dancing and dodging allowed him to escape Baksi's reach, and he was able to get in enough hooks to make Baksi groggy. Baksi lost his next fight with Jimmy Bell (a split decision in which Baksi was penalized two rounds for a low blow), but then racked up four easy wins before traveling to Europe. Europe and back
<mask> left for Europe on October 9, 1946 to fight the two British champions. He first defeated British light heavy weight champion Freddie Mills. Baksi was sluggish in the first round, but Mills (who had chronic eye problems) suffered a cut in his right eye in the second round, and his left eye in the third.After a bad battering, Mills gave up at the end of the sixth round. <mask> then went on to fight British heavyweight champion Bruce Woodcock. Baksi floored Woodcock three times in the first round and twice in the second. Woodcock made a comeback in the fifth, but Baksi was scoring at will when the referee stopped it in the seventh. Woodcock went to the hospital with a broken jaw. After defeating Woodcock, <mask> was scheduled to fight <mask> for the world heavyweight title. <mask>, still in Europe after the Woodcock fight, signed a contract to fight the Swedish champion, Olle Tandberg in Stockholm.<mask> was the 1-5 favorite to beat Tandberg, and 1-3 favorite to knock him out by the seventh round. <mask> was going into the ring with 6 straight victories (five by knockout), while Tandberg had been fighting only since 1943, and only against local fighters. Then, in what the New York Times reported as the greatest upset in years, Baksi lost a split decision. Even Tandberg was surprised, saying after the fight "I didn't believe I had won the fight. I thought I was too much on the defensive in the closing rounds." After his stunning defeat, <mask> took a year off. He was still the third ranked heavyweight contender, behind <mask> Walcott and Ezzard Charles, and ahead of Lee Savold, when he scheduled a fight with Ezzard Charles.The winner of that fight would have a title match with <mask>. Charles, the 5-14 favorite, defeated <mask> by TKO in the seventh. Later career
After being beaten by Charles, his status as a contender faded. After beating some obscure and aging boxers, he went into semi-retirement in 1951. He then made a comeback attempt in 1954, fighting Billy Smith, whom he knocked out in the first round. His second match was with a tougher opponent, Bob "The Grinder" Baker, who was the 7-5 favorite. Baksi had little to offer except courage and stamina, and lost by unanimous decision.Baksi's manager, Leo Feureisen, collapsed during the fight and died in the dressing room a short while after. <mask> went into permanent retirement after the bout. He then became a teamster and later an ironworker and joined the International Brotherhood of Ironworkers. Trivia
In the book Trainspotting, by Irvine Welsh, several of the characters use the phrase <mask>i to refer to a taxi, an example of rhyming slang used frequently throughout the UK.

masks:
Joe Baksi
Jersey Joe Walcott
Joe Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Joe Louis
Baksi
Baksi
Jersey Joe
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Joe Louis
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Baksi
Jersey Joe
Joe Louis
Baksi
Baksi
Joe Baks