texts:
<mask> (July 23, 1952 - April 16, 1979), was a Nicaraguan revolutionary. The early years
The second of five children. Lived her early years in León, Nicaragua. She was three years old when her family moved to the neighborhood of Subtiava, in the outskirts of Leon. Her birthday coincides with the anniversary of the Somoza's National Guard massacre on college students marching on the streets of Leon in 1959. This is, each birthday of her life was a reminder of Students Martyrs, for it was a day off in schools in Nicaragua by decree. She lived in Managua between age six and ten.In 1962 her family moved to the town of Jinotega. On Sunday family outings visited San Rafael del Norte and other surrounding towns in the mountains that witnessed Gen. Augusto César Sandino saga in the 1930s. Education
Returning to Managua, finished Elementary and High school at the French School of the Sacred Heart between 1965 and 1972, the same school attended by prominent personalities in Nicaragua today including ex-President of Nicaragua, Violeta Chamorro.<ref>[http://www.grupoese.com.ni/2003/10/13/op2MMM1013.htm Oblatas, Cien Aňos, Idania, Fundadoras, ...Violeta Chamorro,etc....]  (Note:Idania, Far right, second row in the picture)</ref>

From Catholic to revolutionary

Idania developed organizational and leadership skills as a member of the group "Las Metanoias" in senior high school. The group made spiritual retreat trips to hacienda El Tepeyac, near Mombacho Volcano and Lake Nicaragua for study and discussions on the liberation theology. Idania turned an ardent activist and represented her school among a broad base of organizations engaged in demonstrations demanding the release of political prisoners in 1971–1972. Her activities won her a slap on the face from Sister Nicolle, the school Director, who actually feared for Idania's fate. In 1973, her family moved to Panama and she started her college education in Economics at the University of Panama.Resumed activism joining the Solidarity Committees in support of the Sandinista Liberation Front prisoners. In 1974 she married David Miranda, a Panamanian–Nicaraguan student of Economics also. In August 1975 she gave birth to daughter Claudia, named after Claudia Chamorro, another famous Sandinista who would fall in combat a year later. Reunion with the Sandinista leadership

Following the successful Sandinista operatives at the Chema Castillo's residence in the 1974 Christmas party with attendance of dictator Anastasio Somoza's elite, Idania had the opportunity she longed for so long. She was finally able to meet personally the Sandinistas she fought so hard for their release since her school days, upon their arrival to Panama. Because Idania had residence in Panama since 1973, and many friends, she helped in the logistics to provide accommodations and supplies to the Sandinistas; so much, that she donated her personal belongings (furniture, appliances, books, etc.) to the safe houses in Panama where the Sandinistas were staying.It did not take long for Idania to fit perfectly in the "organization" (as they used to call the Sandinista National Liberation Front in Panama where they enjoyed medium security environment. Idania was considered to participate in the spectacular raid at the National Government Palace in 1978, taking 3000 hostages, which resulted in the release of several Sandinistas in captivity. Ultimately; Dora María Téllez was chosen, the only woman in the operative, named after Rigoberto López Pérez. Military training
In 1978 following the popular insurrection in Monimbo, Masaya, 78), Idania decided to join full-time the ranks of the FSLN Command in Panama and Costa Rica, where she frequently met with members of the "Direccion Nacional", the highest ranking of that organization. She trained in Cuba in rocket launching in the middle of 1978. General Omar Torrijos, and the people of Panama, did not like the Somoza dictatorship and offered logistic support to the Sandinistas and also military training in the Province of Chiriqui (Panama) and she also trained there among other young cadres. Wounded in the Southern Front

Between 1975 and 1978 Idania made trips to Nicaragua and Costa Rica on clandestine missions, including one trip to the Northern Front and different operatives, but in September 1978 she was wounded in combat on the left hand in Nicaragua near the southern border.She was taken initially to a Costa Rican hospital near the border, and her pictures appeared in Costa Rican newspapers front page referring to her only as "Angela", respecting her identity. Fearing for her security at the Hospital, Sergio Ramírez's wife picked her up and took her to a Sandinista makeshift hospital in Nicaragua near the border. Upon her return to Panama, the Panamanian military had assigned Secret Service security personnel to high ranking or identifiable Sandinistas including Idania. She could no longer use her real name or passport on her missions to Nicaragua either, or visit public places in Panama without escort. She was also required to carry a high caliber Magnum pistol in her purse at all times, which she did. After a number of spontaneous uprisings in Monimbo, Matagalpa, Estelí and other cities, where the Sandinistas were forced to fight in support of the people's uprising, rather than the opposite, a major shift in Sandinista strategy was developed. In order to take the lead of the Insurrection, two major Insurrectional Commands were organized; the Frente Interno in Managua and the Western command in the city of Leon.Idania was assigned to the newly formed Western Insurrectional Command, which required experience with the communities and base organizations ("trabajo de barrios"), worker unions, students, religious groups and organizing the neighborhoods for the final offensive. Plans for a final insurrection and a new government junta
In February 1979, Omar Torrijos, head of the Panamenian government invited the Grupo de Los Doce, prominent Nicaraguan businessmen backing up the Sandinistas, for talks in Panama. By this time, arms shipments from Venezuela and Cuba were under way. Dr. Joaquín Cuadra, a member of Los Doce and whose son Joaquín Cuadra, leader of the Frente Interno Sandinista Command, was in Nicaragua, invited Idania and Oscar Perez Cassar for the talks and dinner. Idania and Oscar were also members of the Frente Interno, and scheduled to go back to Nicaragua via Honduras, to assume the leadership of the Western Regional Command for the final Insurrection. Sergio Ramírez, also a member of Los Doce and a member of the upcoming Government Junta, relates that Idania attended with her hand still bandaged from surgery after her wounds in September. In March 1979, Idania went back to Nicaragua to resume her new post in the Western Regional Command, the leading Commando of the Insurrection, and was prepared to stay indefinitely until victory or death, as a member of the ill-fated Insurrectional Command "Rigoberto López Pérez" headed by Dora María Téllez.In late 1978 the Somoza's National Guard had been killing the population without mercy in the towns of Leon, Masaya, Estelí by aerial bombing, reported by the Red Cross. That was too much to bear for the Sandinistas. It was about time to finish the Somozas' regime. The Swan Over the Burning Coals
Title chosen by Sergio Ramírez for the chapter of his book "Adios Muchachos" dedicated to the memory of the events the day that shook the entire city of León, specially, and the rest of the country. On April 16, 1979 the Sandinista war was escalating quickly. Combats were taking place in more than twenty cities in Nicaragua. However; most of the leaders of the soon to be Revolutionary Government were in Costa Rica or Panama in safe houses.Their role was to provide the military strategy, negotiations with foreign governments and sketching a plan for the new an imminent Nicaraguan Government Junta. The war was actually run in the field by five Regional Commands. The most important ones were the Western Command based in the City of Leon and the Frente Interno, based in Managua. They were considered critical for a fast victory. The Regional Commands had the future of Nicaragua at hand. On that day, the members of the Western Regional Command integrated by Oscar Pérez Cassar, <mask> <mask>, Araceli Pérez Darias, Ana Isabel Morales, Edgard Lang Sacasa, Roger Deshon Argüello and Carlos Manuel Jarquin were in session in a safe house in the suburbs of León. The National Guard was attacking heavily the City of Estelí, near the mountains and they were coordinating the efforts to help them.Reportedly, there was a whistleblower, a supposedly former Sandinista militia who turned police informant. The informant and eighty members of the National Guard, in jeeps and tanks, surrounded the block, and stormed into the house. The Sandinistas had no chance to escape or to grab their weapons. Ana Isabel got inside a swimming pool, and passed herself off as a resident of the house. She was the only survivor. The informant identified positively the men as important cadre, but he argued not knowing the women. So, all men were executed on the spot, Idania and Araceli were arrested, taken to the Fortin of Acosasco, tortured and murdered.Randall Interview Dora M Tellez <mask>, Roger, Aracely, six important members

The aftermath
Thousands attended their funeral.The entire city of León (not to mention the Sandinista ranks at all levels) was enraged. The Somoza government refused to return Araceli's (who was Mexican) remains to her family. Idania's parents and two youngest sisters were living in Dallas, Texas, and contacted the Dallas Morning News. The paper dedicated a full page article on the events in the Sunday edition. Edgard Lang Sacasa was 23 and he was the son of a first cousin to dictator Somoza and a friend of a Wall Street Journal columnist, and this prompted an editorial. Soon after, as expected, the city of Leon street fighters headed by Dora María Téllez, Idania's comrade, increased greatly in numbers and firepower. In June the victory over the Somoza forces in Leóon was complete, followed by Managua, two weeks later, and the Somoza regime went with it.Legacy
"I leave you an example of life, mine", wrote Idania to her daughter in her farewell letters. Reprinted in Margaret Randall's book Todas Estamos Despiertas''. and many columnists' and editorial pages in Nicaragua countless times over the last twenty nine years. Ernesto Cardenal, Sergio Ramirez and other dissidents of the Sandinistas often quote Idania's writings and ideals. After her death, Idania firepower increased thousandfold. In 1984, at the peak of the Contra war, one of the largest battalions of the Sandinista Popular Army (Ejército Popular Sandinista), dispatched to the Northern Front to fight the Contras, was named after her. Occasionally, they name a nursery or police station after Idania but there are no monuments or statues for her in Nicaragua.She would probably have liked it this way. We have seen so many statues fall in world history, but an example of life lasts forever. References

External links
Ref. <mask> <mask>, private collection, Painting by American feminist painter Erin Currier

1952 births
1979 deaths
Latin Americanists
Members of the Sandinista National Liberation Front
Nicaraguan revolutionaries
People of the Nicaraguan Revolution
Women in war in Central America
Women in warfare post-1945

masks:
Idania de Los Angeles Fernandez Ramirez
Idania
Fernandez
Idania
Idania
Fernandez Ramirez


type: original

texts:
<mask>, 2nd Marquess of Worcester (9 March 1602 or 9 March 16033 April 1667), styled Lord Herbert of Raglan from 1628 to 1644, was an English nobleman involved in royalist politics, and an inventor. While Earl of Glamorgan, he was sent by Charles I to negotiate a peace treaty and alliance with the leadership of the Catholic Irish Confederacy. He enjoyed some success, but the agreement quickly broke down. He then joined the Confederates, and was appointed the commander of their Munster Army. In 1655 he wrote The Century of Inventions, detailing more than 100 inventions, including a device that would have been one of the earliest steam engines. Origins
He was the son of Henry Somerset, 1st Marquess of Worcester by his wife Anne Russell, a daughter of John Russell, Baron Russell, eldest son and heir apparent of Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford. Career
<mask> was brought up as a Roman Catholic in Monmouthshire.He graduated from Cambridge University, England, in 1627 with a Master of Arts (MA) degree. In his day he was one of the richest lords in England, funding his experiments, later self-funding his military endeavours, and sending large amounts of money to King Charles I during the English Civil War. He was a Cavalier who supported the King in Wales, where he raised a regiment of horse for him. His campaigning in the West of England and in Wales, however, did not go well. After a month with his force of over 2,000 troops encamped at Highnam, outside Gloucester, in March 1643 Herbert left them and travelled to meet the king at Oxford. In his absence the entire force surrendered without any exchange of fire, earning it the title "The Mushroom Army" (they appeared and disappeared very quickly). He was rewarded in 1644, however, with a peerage, being created Earl of Glamorgan and Baron Beaufort of Caldecote.Due to irregularities in the letters patent, these titles were not recognised after the Restoration. Sent to Ireland, he made a false move in concluding a treaty, in great secrecy, on behalf of Charles that was considered to concede too much to the Catholics there; he himself was a Catholic. In extricating himself from that position, he became a close ally of Giovanni Battista Rinuccini, and a potential replacement for James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde as royalist leader. His plans to bring Irish troops over to England were overtaken by events, and he left for France with George Leyburn. He succeeded his father as Marquess of Worcester in 1646. He was formally banished in 1649, but after four years in Paris returned to England in 1653. He was discovered, charged with high treason and sent to the Tower of London; he was treated leniently by the Council of State, and released on bail in 1654.That year he took up again his interest in engineering and inventions, leasing a house at Vauxhall where his Dutch or German technician Kaspar <mask> could work. After the Restoration his estates were restored, but he largely avoided politics, and did not press his claims to the various other titles of nobility. Works
In 1655 he authored a book which consisted of textual descriptions of 100 separate inventions. It was eventually printed in 1663 and included a device described as his "Water-commanding Engine". Constructed from the barrel of a cannon, it was an obvious prototype design for what would later become the steam engine, and clearly anticipated the power and applications of that machine. In 1663 Samuel Sorbière visited <mask>'s Vauxhall workshop and saw and described the "hydraulic machine which the Marquis of Worcester has invented." It was designed for purposes of irrigation, and would "raise to the height of forty feet, by the strength of one man and in the space of one minute of time, four large buckets of water."Cosimo de' Medici, Duke of Tuscany, visited it in 1669, when a similar description was given. Robert Hooke, however, described it as "one of the perpetual motion fallacies." <mask> suggested that when he died, a model of his engine should be buried with him:
"I call this a Semi Omnipotent Engine, and do intend that a model thereof be buried with me." Marriage and children
He married twice:
Firstly in 1628 to Elizabeth Dormer (died 31 May 1635),  daughter of Sir William Dormer  and Alice Molyneux, and  sister of Robert Dormer, 1st Earl of Carnarvon, by whom he had one son and two daughters:
Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, 3rd Marquess of Worcester, his heir and successor, who was created Duke of Beaufort;
Lady Anne Somerset (c. 1631–1662), who married Henry Howard, 6th Duke of Norfolk, and had issue;
Lady Elizabeth Somerset (before 16351691), who married William Herbert, 1st Marquess of Powis, and had issue. Secondly in 1639 he married Lady Margareta O'Brien (died 26 July 1681), daughter of Henry O'Brien, 5th Earl of Thomond and Mary Brereton,  by whom he had one daughter:
Lady Mary Somerset, died young. Post Death
After his death his widow remarried Donough Kearney, who was charged with treason during the Popish Plot,  but acquitted. Almost 200 years after his death, in 1861, Victorian patent inspector Bennet <mask> attempted to locate the grave and the model steam engine which the Marquis stated should be buried with him.<mask> hoped, if the model was located, that "Englishmen will be gratified to find that their country has contributed even more than was supposed to the advancement of civilisation". <mask> sought permission from the then Duke of Beaufort (successor to the Marquis) to examine remains in the Somerset crypt within St Cadoc's Church, Raglan, in search of the model, and the Duke granted permission on the basis that <mask> also obtained ecclesiastical permission. Archive documents indicate ecclesiastical permission was not obtained, yet <mask> and a party locked themselves inside the church on 4 January 1861, and opened the crypt. They found 7 coffins, as documented when the crypt had previously been opened. They opened coffin 7, which had an inscription indicating this was the Marquis' coffin, their report stating:
... the lead on the outside was dry and well preserved, and when a part of it had been cut and rolled back some holes were made with the bit and brace in the elm wood cover, which allowed a few smart blows with the chisel to take out a small piece of wood. The foot of the coffin was opened and the 6 or 7 layers of "strong linen" were cut open to reveal "two legs inside with skin very white and not very much shrunken". Outside the linen they found matter "exactly like the slush in an Irish bog and emitting a strong but not pungent or disagreeable odour".The head of the coffin was then opened, although "out of respect for the remains of the mighty dead we did not open the cloth over the face". They then moved their attention to coffin 3, which had a plaque resting (but not fixed) on it identifying it as Lady Granville's coffin, in the hope that the model could be found there. "The lead was therefore cut and folded back and underneath there was found a carefully placed ceiling of beautifully glass-like green wax which seemed quite untouched by decay." They then cut out a section of wood and saw "that the two breasts of a female lying in state confirmed the supposition that the plate [identifying this as Lady Granville's coffin] was correctly placed on this coffin". The party then cut open the head covering and "the mouth was soon disclosed and five or six long and rather misshapen teeth appeared. The lower jaw was much separated from the other and I raised it in order to search carefully below for any necklace or other ornament which might be buried there". The model was not located in this coffin.This last action, searching for a "necklace or other ornament", is when the expedition shifted from a legally dubious search for a model steam engine, to a clearly illegal desecration of human remains, as having identified this coffin contained a female body and no model, there was no legitimate reason to investigate further. They then returned to coffin 7, with their report stating:
... making a long cut through the stiff close shroud and inserting the axe point in the edge we lifted up the naked body of the renowned Marquis of Worcester. The hands were crossed over the lower part of the stomach, the right hand being uppermost and bound to the other with a lanyard of yarn rope. The skin and flesh were soft and a little shrunken and the nails were long, beautifully shaped and perfectly preserved. There was a good deal of reddish hair on the body. No sign of any substance metal wood or other hard matter being in the coffin could be observed. I was determined to make a thorough search when I was about it and therefore sending for a large screwdriver which was nearly two feet long I probed carefully round the whole body at intervals of about an inch to see if under any part or concealed by the dark mud like matter there might haply be any small metallic ring to indicate the model we were in search of.>

Having failed to find the model in either coffin, they closed the coffins "as well as we could arrange them, and stopped till the great stone was placed on the vault and the loose earth above was filled in".Ancestry

Notes

External links

1600s births
1667 deaths
Deputy Lieutenants of Monmouthshire
Marquesses of Worcester
E
English Roman Catholics
English inventors
08

masks:
Edward Somerset
Edward Somerset
Kalthoff
Edward
Edward
Woodcroft
Woodcroft
Woodcroft
Woodcroft
Woodcroft


texts:
<mask> (11 October 182113 June 1873) was an Italian opera conductor and composer. His work as a conductor drew praise from Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Meyerbeer, Gioachino Rossini and Richard Wagner, and he was a longtime personal friend of Verdi's, although they had a falling out towards the end of <mask>'s life. He conducted at least two world premieres (Verdi's Aroldo and Faccio's Amleto); and at least 4 Italian premieres (Meyerbeer's L'Africana, Verdi's Don Carlo, and Lohengrin and Tannhäuser by Wagner). Biography
<mask> was born in Ravenna in 1821. He studied the violin at the Accademia Filarmonica of Ravenna. At age 15 he played in concerts in the Romagna. He then studied harmony and composition with a nobleman-priest, Girolamo Roberti, and then with a monk named Levrini, a pupil of Stanislao Mattei, at a monastery in Ravenna.In 1843 he played the viola in an opera orchestra at Macerata and wrote two overtures, which were performed. He went to Faenza in 1844 as teacher and conductor at the Academy there. One of his overtures came to the attention of Gioachino Rossini, who had it performed. He then worked in Trento (where he made his debut as an operatic conductor), Bologna (where he studied counterpoint with Marchesi) and Messina. At Messina, the orchestra refused to play under him. He wrote pieces for the Messina Royal Orphanage's brass band and for the Academy there. After further work in Naples, Bologna and Messina (where again the orchestra was hostile to him, but he possibly played in the orchestra rather than conduct), in 1846 he had a fresh start as a conductor in Milan.He appeared first at the Teatro Re and then at the Teatro Carcano. He also conducted later at Stradella and Vicenza. He claimed to have abolished the system whereby an opera orchestra was jointly conducted by a maestro concertatore at the cembalo and a violin-conductor. This may be what led to his trouble in Messina. He had his first great success with Giuseppe Verdi's I due Foscari (1846) and Nabucco (1847), both in Milan. In September 1847 he conducted Giovanni Pacini's music for a performance of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex, with a colossal chorus and orchestra. This led to his being appointed conductor of the Hofteatret in Copenhagen in November.While there, King Christian VIII of Denmark died, and <mask>'s Requiem Mass written for the late king was performed twice. <mask> returned to Italy after the revolution of March 1848 and enrolled in the volunteers. From there, he went to Constantinople, where he conducted the Italian Theatre for two years, in succession to Giuseppe Donizetti, the well-known composer's brother. He also composed two dramatic cantatas, and for the visit of Sultan Abdülmecid I to the newly rebuilt Naum Theatre, a new national hymn, the Turkish words of which the Italian singers had learned phonetically. The National Hymn has been recorded. In December 1851 he returned to Messina for four months, before going to Naples, and then as conductor for the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa. He intended to stay for only two months, but his contract was made permanent, and he spent the majority of the rest of his life there, and also died there.His reputation was now strong, and he was offered positions in places such as Paris, Madrid, and Naples, but seemed unable to make up his mind about any of them, so all these offers lapsed. He made the acquaintance of Verdi in around 1853, and they became firm friends. On 16 August 1857, he conducted the premiere performance of Verdi's Aroldo, a reworking of his earlier opera Stiffelio, at the Teatro Nuovo in Rimini. On 30 May 1865 he conducted the premiere of Franco Faccio's opera Amleto at the Teatro Carlo Felice in Genoa, followed that year by conducting the Italian premiere of Giacomo Meyerbeer's L'Africana at the Teatro Comunale di Bologna. Two years later, on 27 October 1867, the Italian premiere of Verdi's Don Carlo was presented at the same theatre with <mask>'s involvement. In late 1868, Verdi asked Mariani to be the conductor for a requiem mass he was planning in honour of Gioachino Rossini, who had died on 13 November. This would be a collaboration between 13 composers, including Verdi himself.Mariani agreed to be involved in the organising committee, although he was less than enthusiastic (since he was simultaneously engaged in the commemorative celebrations for Rossini in Pesaro). The 13 composers all wrote their sections of the work (Verdi's was the ""), but the planned performance on the first anniversary of Rossini's death did not happen because disagreements arose with Mariani regarding the performance in the Basilica of San Petronio in Bologna. On 4 November, to Verdi's great sorrow, the organising committee formally abandoned the project. Verdi blamed this in considerable part on <mask>'s lack of energy and commitment, and it marked the real beginning of a permanent break in their friendship (although there are indications trouble was already brewing in 1867

In the following years, Mariani tried to heal the rift, writing letters to Verdi expressing his love and admiration for him, but Verdi refused to be swayed, and continued to castigate Mariani for what he considered to be his failure over the Rossini Requiem. A complicating factor was <mask>'s romantic relationship with the soprano Teresa Stolz, a favourite of Verdi's (she was his choice for the title role in the Milan premiere of Aida in February 1872, which as far as Verdi was concerned was the real premiere). <mask> and Stolz were engaged to be married. However, around 1871 she left him, in very unclear circumstances.There were suggestions and even public accusations that she was also carrying on an affair with Verdi, but this has never been proved to be true. Despite Verdi's break with Mariani personally, he still had respect for him as a conductor, and he invited him to conduct the world premiere of Aida in Cairo in December 1871. Mariani declined, saying he was not well enough to travel. This was indeed true, as he was already suffering symptoms of the cancer that would kill him less than two years later. However, it served only to further widen the rift between the two men. On 1 November 1871, Mariani conducted the Italian premiere of Richard Wagner's Lohengrin at the Teatro Communale di Bologna to great acclaim. This was the first performance of any Wagner opera in Italy.On 9 November, Verdi attended a Mariani performance of Lohengrin and annotated a copy of the vocal score with his impressions and opinions of Wagner (this was almost certainly his first exposure to Wagner's music). In 1872, <mask> conducted the Italian premiere of Wagner's Tannhäuser, also at Bologna, but it was much less successful than Lohengrin had been. He also composed a number of songs, some of which have been recorded. In June 1873, aged only 51, <mask> died of cancer in the attic of the Palazzo Sauli, a house he had long rented from Verdi in Genoa. The Teatro Angelo Mariani in Sant'Agata Feltria (first built in 1605) was rededicated and renamed in honour of Mariani. Today, there is an Associazione Musicale Angelo Mariani in Ravenna. References
Notes

Sources

Harwood, Gregory W. (1998), Giuseppe Verdi: A Guide to Research (Routledge Music Bibliographies).Routledge
Parker, Roger (2007), The New Grove Guide to Verdi and His Operas. Oxford and New York et al. Phillips-Matz, Mary Jane, (1998), "Mariani, <mask>" in Stanley Sadie, (Ed. ), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three, pp. 212–213. London: MacMillan Publishers, Inc.
Sadie, Stanley (ed.)(1954), Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5th ed. External links

1821 births
1873 deaths
Italian conductors (music)
Italian male conductors (music)
Italian male composers
People from Ravenna
Deaths from cancer in Liguria
19th-century Italian composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors (music)

masks:
Angelo Maurizio Gaspare Mariani
Mariani
Angelo Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Mariani
Angelo Mariani
Angelo


texts:
<mask> (24 September 1871 – 27 June 1960) was an English multi-sport athlete, best known as a tennis player. She won the Wimbledon Ladies' Singles Championship five times, the first one when she was only fifteen in the summer of 1887. She remains the youngest ladies' singles champion. In addition to tennis, Dod competed in many other sports, including golf, field hockey, and archery. She also won the British Ladies Amateur Golf Championship, played twice for the England women's national field hockey team (which she helped to found), and won a silver medal at the 1908 Summer Olympics in archery. The Guinness Book of Records has named her as the most versatile female athlete of all time, together with track and field athlete and fellow golf player Babe Zaharias. Early life
Dod was born on 24 September 1871 in Bebington, Cheshire, the youngest of four children to Joseph and <mask>.Joseph, from Liverpool, had made a fortune in the cotton trade. The family was wealthy enough to provide for all members for life; <mask> and her brother Willy never had to work. Besides Willy, <mask> had a sister, Annie, and another brother, Tony, all of whom also excelled in sports. Annie was a good tennis player, golfer, ice skater and billiards player. Willy Dod won the Olympic gold medal in archery at the 1908 Games, whilst Tony was a regional level archer and a chess and tennis player. The Dod children received a private education by tutors and governesses. In her childhood Lottie played the piano, banjo and she was member of a local choir.When Dod was nine years old, two tennis courts were built near the family's estate, Edgeworth. Lawn tennis, invented in 1873, was highly fashionable for the wealthy in England, and all of the Dod children started playing the game frequently. Tennis parties were occasionally organized and among the invited guests were future Wimbledon champions Joshua Pim and the brothers Herbert and Wilfred Baddeley. When she was eleven Dod joined the Rock Ferry Tennis Club in Birkenhead. Tennis
Together with Annie, who was eight years her elder, Dod entered her first tennis tournament, the 1883 Northern Championships in Manchester, at age eleven. They had a bye in the first round and lost in the second round of the doubles tournament to Hannah Keith and Amber McCord, but won the consolation tournament. One journalist, Sydney Brown, noted that "Miss L. Dod should be heard of in the future".The following year, 1884, she participated in two tournaments, the Northern Championships, played that year in Liverpool, and Waterloo. With Annie she reached the doubles finals in both tournaments and with Tony she was defeated in the first round of the mixed doubles event at Waterloo. At the Northern Championships in 1885, she came to prominence when she nearly beat reigning Wimbledon champion Maud Watson in the final, losing 6–8, 5–7. <mask> would win the doubles event (with Annie). Earlier she had won the first singles title of her career at the Waterloo tournament where she was also victorious in the doubles and mixed doubles events. These performances earned her the nickname "Little Wonder" in the press. In 1886 Dod won the singles title at the West of England Championships in Bath where she defeated Watson in the final, ending the latter's run of 55 consecutive victories.That year she played tournaments in Liverpool (Northern), Cheltenham and Derbyshire but won no further singles titles. In 1887 Dod became an established first-class player, illustrated by the fact she partnered the then seven-time Wimbledon doubles winner Ernest Renshaw at the mixed doubles event of the Irish Championships. She won the singles in Dublin defeating Watson in the final in straight sets. She again won the singles title at the Northern, defeating leading players Louisa Martin, May Langrishe and Watson without losing a set and conceding no more than two games per set. Encouraged by these results she decided to enter the 1887 Wimbledon Championships. Only six competitors, not having had included Martin and Watson, had entered. Dod had a bye in the first round and easily advanced through the semifinal and final of the All-Comer's tournament to earn the right to challenge the defending champion, Blanche Bingley.She defeated Bingley in straight sets 6–2, 6–0, the second set lasting just ten minutes. At 15 years and 285 days she is the youngest winner of the ladies' singles championships. During the match, Dod wore a metal-and-whalebone corset which punctured her skin and caused her to bleed as she played. The two met again in the final of the 1888 West of England Championships. Although it was designated an "open" tournament, the officials made the remarkable decision to impose a handicap of 15 on Dod. She still managed to win against her opponent, now known by her married name, Blanche Hillyard. The Wimbledon final of 1888 was a rematch of the previous year, and Dod, this time defending her title in the Challenge Round, again emerged victorious (6–3, 6–3).During that year she won several doubles and mixed doubles titles with her sister Annie, May Langrishe and Ernest Renshaw. <mask> <mask>'s style of play, then regarded as unorthodox, now seems notably modern. She was perhaps the first player to advocate hitting the ball just before the top of the bounce and to adopt a modern, albeit single-handed, racquet grip. Her ground strokes were reported by contemporaries to be unusually firmly hit by the standards of the time, but – like many female players of the day – she served underhand and only rarely employed spin. Dod only entered one open tournament in 1889 (the Northern Championships, which she won), and failed to attend Wimbledon, much to the disappointment of her fans. Together with Annie and some friends, she was on a sailing trip off the Scottish coast, and didn't want to return in time for Wimbledon. This was followed by a complete absence from the game in 1890.After failing to do so in 1889, Dod was determined to win Wimbledon three times in a row, starting in 1891. Although it was her only competitive appearance of that season, she won her third Wimbledon title by defeating Hillyard (6–2, 6–1) in the final of the All-Comers tournament. The reigning champion Lena Rice did not defend her title. 1892 saw Dod's first singles defeat in an open tournament since 1886 when she lost to Louisa Martin of Ireland in the second round of the Irish Championships. It was the last of only five losses in her entire tennis career and her only defeat after the age of 15. She continued the year strongly, culminating in another easy straight-set Wimbledon victory over Hillyard. Dod's last tennis season as a competitive player was 1893, and she played in just two tournaments, The Northern in Manchester and Wimbledon, winning both.On both occasions, she defeated Blanche Hillyard in three sets, despite a heavy fall in the Wimbledon final. Her record of five Wimbledon titles would not last for long, as Hillyard, after losing in the final to <mask> five times, won her sixth title in 1900. Suzanne Lenglen broke Dod's record of three consecutive singles wins by winning from 1919 to 1923. Apart from entering women's tournaments, Dod sometimes also played and won matches against men (who usually played with a handicap), and on one occasion defeated star players Ernest Renshaw and George Hillyard (the husband of Blanche) when doubling with Herbert Baddeley. Grand Slam finals

Winter sports

Although tennis would remain Dod's favourite sport, she shifted her attention to other activities in the following years. In 1895, she joined her brother Tony on a trip to the winter sports resort of St. Moritz, which was very popular with English travellers. There, she passed the St. Moritz Ladies's Skating Test, the most prestigious figure skating event for women at the time.<mask> also rode the toboggan on the famous Sankt Moritz Cresta Run, and began mountaineering with her brother, climbing two mountains over 4,000 m in February 1896. After a long cycling trip in Italy, <mask> and Tony returned to England, only to come back to St Moritz in November, now accompanied by their mother and brother Willy. This time, <mask> took the St. Moritz Men's Skating Test and passed, as the second woman ever. She also competed in curling. In the summer of 1897, she and Tony again ascended several mountains, this time in Norway. Field hockey
The sport of women's field hockey was still rather young when <mask> took up the game in 1897. She was one of the founding members of a women's hockey club in Spital.Playing as a central forward, she was soon named captain of the team. Club matches in which Dod played were won, while losses happened only in her absence. By 1899, Dod had made it to captain of the Cheshire county team, and represented her club at meetings of the women's hockey association for the northern counties. She first played in the English national team on 21 March that year, winning 3–1 over Ireland. Both English goals in the 1900 England and Ireland rematch were scored by Dod, securing a 2–1 victory. Dod failed to attend the match against Wales, suffering from sciatica attacks which kept her from sporting for months. Although she had recovered by 1901, Dod would not play again in national or county matches.All members of the Dod family stopped attending sports events for a while after their mother died on 1 August 1901, and Dod apparently lost her interest in field hockey during that period, although she did occasionally play for Spital Club until 1905. Golf

Few golf clubs allowed women to play around the time <mask> Dod first played golf at age fifteen. Unlike tennis, Dod found golf a difficult sport to master. By the time she got seriously interested in the sport, the Ladies Golf Union (LGU) had been founded, and women's golf had become a real sport. Dod helped establish a ladies' golf club at Moreton in 1894 and entered that year's National Championships (match play) at Littlestone (Kent). She was eliminated in the third round, but Dod's interest in the sport grew, and she became a regular competitor in the National Championships and other tournaments for the next few years. In 1898 and 1900 she reached the semi-finals of the National Championships, but was defeated narrowly both times.In 1900, she also played in an unofficial country match against Ireland, which the English won 37–18. Dod did not compete in golf in 1901, and hardly entered major tournaments in the next two years, but she did play in the 1904 British Ladies Amateur, held at Troon. She qualified for the semi-finals for the third time in her life, and won it for the first time. Her opponent in the final was May Hezlet, the champion of 1899 and 1902. The match was very close, and the two were tied after 17 holes. Hezlet missed her putt on the final hole narrowly, after which Dod grabbed an unexpected victory, becoming the first, and to date only, woman to win British tennis and golf championships. Following her victory, Dod sailed to Philadelphia, where she had been invited by Frances C. Griscom, a former American golf champion, to attend the U.S. Women's Amateur as a spectator.Upon arrival, Dod found out the tournament regulations had been changed to allow for non-Americans to compete, and she was requested to compete. Her loss in the first round was a disappointment, but Dod persuaded several Americans to come and play in the British championships the following year. In the week before these 1905 championships, three international matches were planned, starting off with the first British-American international match. <mask> was the only British player to lose a match, as the United Kingdom won 6–1. Dod then played for the English team in a 3–4 defeat against Scotland and a 4–3 win over Ireland, although she lost both her matches. Dod was then eliminated in the fourth round of the National Championships. It was to be her last appearance in golf.Archery

In the autumn of 1905, <mask> and her brothers sold "Edgeworth" and moved to a new home near Newbury, Berkshire. They had been practising archery from the times before, but all three became more serious now and joined the Welford Park Archers in Newbury. As one of their ancestors was said to have commanded the English longbowmen at the Battle of Agincourt, they found this an appropriate sport. <mask> <mask> won her first tournament by 1906, and finished fifth in the Grand National Archery Meeting of 1906, 1907 and 1908. Dod's performances in the 1908 season earned her a spot on the British Olympic team. The field in the women's archery event consisted only of British women, but without the best archer of the era, Alice Legh. <mask> led the competition, held in rainy conditions, after the first day but was surpassed by Queenie Newall on the second day, eventually taking second place with 642 points to Newall's 688.Her brother Willy fared better and surprisingly secured the gold medal in the men's competition. In 1910, <mask> came close to winning the Grand National, which would have made archery the third sport in which she became a national champion. Both <mask> and her brother William led after day one, but moved down to second on the final competition day. After the Welford Archers were disbanded in late 1911, the Dods' interest in archery faded, meaning the end of <mask> <mask>'s long competitive sports career. Later life
In 1913, <mask> and Willy moved to a new house in Bideford. When World War I broke out, <mask> worked for the British Red Cross from November 1916 at Chelsea VAD Hospital and in a military hospital in Speen, Berkshire. Dod wanted to be transferred to the war zones in France but was hampered by sciatica and never served as a nurse outside England.She did receive a Service Medal by the Red Cross for serving more than 1,000 hours during the war. She then lived in London and Devon, and she never failed to attend the Wimbledon Championships until she was in her late eighties. After her brother Willy died in 1954, she lived in several nursing homes on the English south coast, eventually settling at the Birchy Hill Nursing Home in Sway, Hampshire. There she died, unmarried, at age 88, passing away while listening to the Wimbledon radio broadcasts in bed. Dod was elected to the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1983. Notes

References

Sources

External links

 <mask> <mask> on database Olympics.com
 Charlotte a.k.a. <mask> <mask> on Lives of the First World War

19th-century English people
19th-century female tennis players
Amateur golfers
Archers at the 1908 Summer Olympics
English female tennis players
English female archers
English female golfers
English female field hockey players
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Olympic archers of Great Britain
Olympic medalists in archery
Olympic silver medallists for Great Britain
People from Bebington
Tennis people from Merseyside
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
Winners of ladies' major amateur golf championships
1871 births
1960 deaths
19th-century English women

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<mask> (born 15 December 1951) is a Scottish football player, coach and manager. He is currently a first team coach at AFC Bournemouth. A former striker, he played for Leeds United, Manchester United, and Milan, among others at club level, as well making 52 appearances and scoring 11 goals for Scotland. As a player, he gained a fearsome 'Jaws' persona due to having lost two front teeth early in his career. The persona aside, he became known as a strong, fearless and committed player, with skill to match, and good aerial abilities. He was part of the successful Leeds United team of the 1970s, winning the 1973–74 Football League First Division title. Cup success was elusive however, being a losing finalist with Leeds in the 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final and 1975 European Cup Final, and the 1979 FA Cup Final with Manchester United.At international level he is the only Scottish player to score in three World Cups, in 1974, 1978 and 1982. After retiring from playing, <mask> moved into coaching and management, at a number of clubs, most notably managing Heart of Midlothian in Scotland before later becoming first team coach at Portsmouth under Harry Redknapp, with whom he has since developed a close working relationship, later following him to Tottenham Hotspur. In coaching and management he is described by Redknapp and others as an enigmatic coach who bears listening to, who has lost none of his 'hard man' reputation as a player. For his efforts for club and country as a player, he was inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame in 2005. He is considered a legend among the Tartan Army of Scotland fans, being best remembered for scoring the crucial goal against Czechoslovakia in 1973 which ensured Scotland qualified for their first World Cup finals in 16 years. Early life
<mask> was born in the village of Cleland, Lanarkshire (sometimes given as the nearby town of Carluke). After leaving school, <mask> became an apprentice draughtsman.At age 15, <mask> had also begun playing for the Scottish Junior Football Association club, Blantyre Victoria. Club career

<mask> began his professional career in 1968 at Morton. He initially played for Morton part-time. <mask> moved to Leeds for £15,000 in 1970. Leeds United
There was little prospect of <mask> making first-team, as the partnership of Allan Clarke and Mick Jones was a well established and successful duo. In 1973, he made 16 League starts and scoring nine goals. However, he was left out of the team that contested the FA Cup final against Sunderland which Leeds lost 1–0.Don Revie would select him for the 1973 European Cup Winners' Cup Final played on 16 May against Milan, another 1–0 defeat. <mask> was a regular in the following season, as Leeds coasted to the League title. He scored seven goals in 25 League games. By 1974, <mask> was Leeds' main target man, providing many knock downs for Peter Lorimer to volley. Alongside other Scottish players at Leeds, <mask> formed part of the so called 'Scottish mafia'; namely goalkeeper David Harvey (1965–1980, 1982–1984), defender Gordon McQueen (1972–1978), midfielder Billy Bremner (1959–1976), left winger Eddie Gray (1965–1983) and right winger Peter Lorimer (1963–1979, 1983–1986). <mask> was the Leeds number 9 in the team which lost the 1975 European Cup Final 2–0 to Bayern Munich, described as the last hurrah for Revie's Leeds team. With Leeds in decline, <mask> moved to Manchester United in January 1978 for £350,000.His final league record for Leeds was 39 goals from 135 games. His Leeds and Scotland colleague Gordon McQueen soon followed. The deal set a new transfer fee record for a transfer between two English clubs. Manchester United
As the new Manchester United number 9, <mask> reached the 1979 FA Cup Final, ultimately losing 3–2 to the north London club Arsenal. During a 1980 FA Cup third round replay at Old Trafford, <mask> clashed with Tottenham goalkeeper Milija Aleksic, dislocating Alexsic's jaw. The Independent in 2011 described this as a revenge act for Aleksic having repeatedly been charging <mask> during corners. It became known as the game that saw Tottenham's best player Glenn Hoddle have to play in goal.He remained at Old Trafford until 1981, when he moved to Italy to Milan. Milan
Jordan spent two seasons playing for Milan, scoring 12 goals in 52 league games. This was the 1981–82 season in the Italian top division, Serie A, and the 1982–83 season in Italian second division, Serie B. In his first season, he scored 2 goals in 22 league games, but after a bad run of results, the club was relegated to Serie B as the third last finishers in Serie A, 1-point behind Genoa. In the second season he scored 10 goals in 30 league games, and the club returned to Serie A, being promoted as Serie B champions, 8 points ahead of Lazio. In all competitions, <mask> was joint top-scorer for the club, with 6 goals alongside Roberto Antonelli in the first season, and 14 alongside Aldo Serena in the second season. On the eve of a return to the club in a Champions League game in 2011, as a coach with Tottenham, <mask> said the move to Milan, one of the biggest clubs in the world, was the best move of his career, and it gave him a chapter in it that he had always wanted, a chance to play abroad.Hellas Verona
After two seasons with Milan, instead of playing again in Serie A with them, <mask> moved to another Italian club Hellas Verona of the northern city of Verona. While Milan had been in Serie B for Jordan's last season there, Verona had finished fourth in the 1982–83 Serie A, earning a place in the UEFA Cup. The next season, both clubs finished the 1983–84 Serie A in equal sixth place. Having caught the eye of Verona for his brave, strong and combative performance in Serie B for Milan, they sought to use <mask>'s strength to play up front alongside the up and coming players Maurizio Iorio or Giuseppe Galderisi, who were fast and nimble but lacked strength, and were thought to be unable to play together, being an 'odd-couple'. From the start of the season <mask> played 24 games, 12 in the league, but only scored 2 goals, 1 in the league, 1 in the Italian Cup. This poor form ultimately led Verona to drop <mask> and settle on the pairing of Iorio and Galderisi until the end of the season, with <mask> returning to England after that one season, credited at least with having passed on valuable experience to Iorio and Galderisi and other young players at the club. Later career
On his return to England, <mask> joined south coast club Southampton for a fee of £150,000.During his time at The Dell <mask> gave everything to the Saints' cause, despite being in the autumn of his career. He remained with the club until February 1987, by when he had lost his place to Colin Clarke. He was then given a free transfer to Bristol City, where he finished his playing days, and was briefly player-manager. At his retirement from playing, <mask> had made a total of 456 club appearances. In 2011, he described his three seasons in Italy as the best experience of his career. International career

On 19 May 1973, three days after appearing in the European Cup Winners Cup final for Leeds, <mask> played his first game for the Scotland national team, a 1–0 defeat to England at Wembley. In 1973, as part of the qualification campaign for the 1974 World Cup to be held in West Germany, <mask> scored with a flying header in what turned out to be a crucial winning goal, in a 2–1 win against Czechoslovakia at Hampden Park in Glasgow.Securing Scotland a place at the finals, this was the first time they had qualified for the World Cup since 1958, failing at three previous attempts. Jordan earned nine more Scotland caps by the end of the 1973–74 season, scoring two goals on the way, which saw him be selected for the finals. At the 1974 World Cup, <mask> scored the second goal in a 2–0 win over Zaire in the first group game, and a last minute equaliser in a 1–1 draw with Yugoslavia. Scotland finished the group unbeaten, but went out of the competition at the group stage on goal difference. In the second to last game of the qualification campaign for the 1978 World Cup to be held in Argentina, Jordan won a controversial penalty against their opponents Wales, said to have helped Scotland to qualify at their expense. <mask> and the Welsh defender David Jones went to challenge for the ball in the Welsh penalty area, from a throw-in by Scotland midfielder Asa Hartford. The referee decided Jones had handled the ball, and awarded Scotland a penalty, although TV replays later showed that it was in fact <mask>'s hand which made contact with the ball (and also that he kissed his hand once the penalty was awarded).The penalty was converted, and the eventual 2–0 win for Scotland secured qualification by winning UEFA Group 7. He was selected by Ally MacLeod in the Scotland squad for the 1978 World Cup in Argentina. Jordan scored the opening goal in their first match against Peru, but Scotland went on to lose 3–1. Scotland again failed to qualify beyond the group stage, after a 1–1 draw with Iran and a 3–2 win against the Netherlands. <mask> was again selected for the Scotland squad in the 1982 World Cup. Scotland once again failed to progress beyond the group stages, but a personal milestone was achieved when he scored in the 2–2 draw against the USSR. This meant that <mask> had scored in three successive World Cup Finals.Unfortunately he was injured in the same match, and never played for his country again. In total, <mask> earned 52 international caps, scoring 11 goals, and is the only Scottish player to have scored in three World Cups. Coaching and management career

Bristol City
Moving into management, <mask>'s first job was at Bristol City which saw the club reach the semi-finals of the League cup. He managed the club from March 1988 to September 1990, for 134 games. During this time, he initially struggled in his first season in charge, but following a number of key signings – most notably Bob Taylor, from Leeds – he took City to promotion in the 1989–90 season, finishing second behind local rivals Bristol Rovers. Hearts
In 1990 <mask> was appointed manager of the Scottish Premier Division club Heart of Midlothian, based in the capital, Edinburgh. After a poor start to the 1990 campaign, Hearts had sacked their manager of eight years Alex MacDonald, and turned to <mask> as a high profile ex-Scotland international striker.He took charge of the club from 10 September. <mask> guided Hearts to second place in the Premier Division, and to two Scottish Cup semi-finals. With 63 points from 44 games, the club finished second in the 1991–92 Scottish Premier Division, nine points behind the champions Rangers and one point ahead of third placed Celtic. Hearts led the league for a significant part of the season, losing just two of their first 28 games. In the 1991–92 Scottish Cup they were eliminated in a penalty shoot-out against Airdrieonians, after two drawn matches. In the 1992–93 Scottish Cup they lost 2–1 away to Rangers. After a poor run in the 1992–93 season, which featured a 6–0 loss to Falkirk, later described by the club as a thrashing, the board sacked <mask>.<mask> left the club on 3 May 1993, having registered 69 wins, 31 draws and 43 losses, from 143 competitive games. Speaking in 2010, <mask> expressed bitterness over his departure from Hearts, asserting he had done "particularly well" and the dismissal was undeserved, but reflecting "That's life, you get on with it, nobody's going to listen to your sad stories, but that was a sore one". Celtic
After Hearts, in 1993 <mask> became assistant manager to Liam Brady at Celtic, said to be out of an emotional attachment to the club he supported as a boy, and to Brady. Having been in the job since 1991, Brady resigned just four months after <mask> arrived, and he felt morally obliged to do the same, stating in 2010 that he felt no regrets and that "You've just got to make those calls." Stoke City
<mask> was appointed manager of Stoke City in November 1993 taking over from fellow Scot Lou Macari who had left to join Celtic. <mask> was not a popular choice amongst the supporters at the Victoria Ground as it looked

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 likely that Denis Smith was to become their manager. They eventually accepted <mask> as the new manager but his style of play soon began to cause grumblings from the terraces but the side slowly got results going if not the quality of football on offer, Stoke finishing the 1993–94 season in 10th position.The 1994–95 season saw no change in the relationship between <mask> and the supporters and it came as little surprise when after a couple of heavy 4–0 defeats he resigned on 8 September 1994. He was replaced by the returning Lou Macari. Bristol City
Returning to Bristol City for a second spell, he managed the club from November 1994 to March 1997 for another 130 games. Northern Ireland
Between 1998 and 2000, he was assistant manager to Lawrie McMenemy as they unsuccessfully tried to get Northern Ireland to qualify for the 2000 European Championships. Huddersfield Town
From December 2000 until May 2002, he was assistant to his former Manchester United team-mate Lou Macari at Huddersfield Town. Portsmouth
In 2004, after a recommendation, <mask> was brought into the coaching team at Portsmouth by manager Harry Redknapp to work alongside him and his assistant manager, Kevin Bond. Under Redknapp, <mask> went on to win the 2008 FA Cup Final with Portsmouth.They beat Cardiff City 1–0 at Wembley Stadium on 17 May. While working as a coach under Redknapp at Portsmouth, <mask> said of his career and the possibility of future management roles, with clubs or Scotland, "I'm still ambitious and I'm desperate to do well here, along with the other people...I wouldn't rule [management] out, but I'm not chasing it. I get on well with [Redknapp] and we hope that we can achieve something. I won't go chasing every job that's going, I know what I am and what I can do, but I'm not going down the route of applying for jobs." <mask> continued to coach the team under the management of Velimir Zajec and Alain Perrin. He took over as caretaker manager for two games in November 2005 after Perrin's departure, before Redknapp returned after resigning from Southampton. On the morning of 26 October 2008, after agreeing a compensation deal of £5m, Redknapp left Portsmouth to become the new manager of Tottenham Hotspur.This left assistant manager Tony Adams and first team coach <mask> to take charge of the team for the 1–1 home draw against Fulham the same day. On the question of whether both would follow him, when he left Redknapp said he believed former Arsenal player Adams would not follow due to the Tottenham-Arsenal rivalry, but said "<mask> has been fantastic for me and I would always be pleased to have him with me anywhere. But he is at Portsmouth at the moment and it is up to him and the club to see what will happen in the future." On his appointment as the permanent Portsmouth manager two days later, Adams said he was keen to keep <mask>, stating "<mask> is Portsmouth through and through, he's part of the woodwork, but he's a big man and will make his own decision." Tottenham
On 7 November 2008 <mask> left Portsmouth to join Redknapp at Tottenham Hotspur as first team coach, reforming the original Portsmouth back room team after Redknapp had also brought the recently sacked AFC Bournemouth manager Kevin Bond as Tottenham assistant manager. Portsmouth praised <mask>'s "significant contribution" on his departure after four years at the club. Queens Park Rangers
In November 2012, <mask> re-united with Harry Redknapp at Queens Park Rangers as first-team coach.Middlesbrough
On 17 March 2017, <mask> was appointed as assistant first-team manager under caretaker manager Steve Agnew at Middlesbrough. <mask> left his post at the end of the 2016–17 season. AFC Bournemouth
On 25 February 2021, AFC Bournemouth announced that <mask> had joined the coaching staff. Recognition
In 2005, <mask> was one of 11 players inducted into the Scottish Football Hall of Fame. Having been born in 1951, <mask> was the second youngest of the 2005 inductees, behind the then Rangers manager Alex McLeish, born in 1959, and with the oldest being Charles Campbell, born "circa 1850s". Honouring the "truly great players, managers and officials who have reached the pinnacle of their profession and have made a significant contribution to Scotland's football reputation through their skill, spirit and determination", the induction followed the inaugural 20 Hall of Fame entrants, inducted in November 2004. Citing his "highly successful career at club level" at Leeds, Manchester United and Milan, the Hall of Fame stated <mask> would probably be best remembered for his crucial 1973 World Cup qualifying goal against Czechoslovakia.According to STV in 2010, for his efforts for the Scotland national team as "braveheart <mask>", for the "all round bravery and commitment to the cause whenever he [played for Scotland]" and particularly the crucial goal against Czechoslovakia in 1973, and the controversial penalty against Wales in 1977 (described as the 'hand of <mask>', in reference to the later infamous Hand of God goal in 1986), <mask>'s "status as a Scottish legend is safely assured" among the Tartan Army of Scotland's supporters. According to The Herald, <mask>'s hero status took hold with the goal against Czechoslovakia, due to both its significance and the fact it had been seemingly scored "as if it were an act of sheer will." On the occasion of the 110th anniversary of A.C. Milan, <mask> has been included in the list of the 110 most important players in the history of A.C. Milan . <mask> is described by The Herald as having crossed two eras in his career – having been a Scottish player at the time they were revered in the English game, he has gone on to coach in England as one of seven Scottish managers or coaches in the Premier League. He attributes this to a common determination and desire to win. In contrast to his playing career, <mask> has lamented the state of the game in Scotland in the late 2000s, which has seen a decline in domestic and international Scottish football, and profile of Scottish players in England, and a drying up of opportunities and even the availability of up and coming local players, contrasted to his era with contemporaries like Asa Hartford, Kenny Dalglish and Danny McGrain. 'Jaws' persona
<mask> was nicknamed Jaws early on in his playing career, due to his lack of front teeth, which had been knocked out.This had occurred in a clash during a Leeds United reserve match. He lost two front teeth after being kicked in the face during a goalmouth scramble. Although they were replaced by dentures, these were removed for safety reasons while playing. Having moved to Milan, in Italy his 'Jaws' nickname was given a local interpretation, becoming known as Lo Squalo (The Shark). Despite the dentures, this association remained with him into management; during the craze of taking novelty inflatables to matches such as bananas etc, when <mask> was manager of Bristol City fans waved giant inflatable teeth. According to The Times writing in 2009, images of <mask>'s "ferocious fangs as a player still regularly [appeared in] Scottish newpapers [sic] whenever an excuse can be found to hark back to the game's golden age" <mask> has been involved in several confrontations at the touchline and in the tunnel during his time at Tottenham, including with Roy Hodgson, Paul Ince, Alan Pardew, Andy Woodman, and Gennaro Gattuso. <mask> persona, stating "I was what I was, but I look back and I had seven years at Leeds, who were one of the top teams in Europe, then I got a transfer to Manchester United, then a transfer to AC Milan.These are top clubs, and I had opportunities to go to Liverpool, Arsenal, Ajax. I'm not saying that to brag; if those teams thought I had something to offer, it was more than having no teeth." Playing and management style
As one of the nominees for a public vote organised in April 2010 by STV to name 'Scotland's Greatest Team', <mask> was described as an "uncompromising, old fashioned centre forward who was never afraid to put his head where it hurts for club and country", adding that during the 1970s and 1980s "there were few more fearsome sights in world football" than <mask>. In a 2007 list compiled by The Times <mask> was ranked as the 34th hardest man in the history of the game, with the citation "There have been few more fearsome sights in the European game than 'Jaws' <mask> without his front teeth." David O'Leary, when reflecting on his entire playing career as a defender (spent mostly at Arsenal between 1975 and 1993) he said of <mask> that he was the most combative forward he had ever faced. He has also been described as a powerhouse in aerial play. Citing his dislocation of Milija Aleksic's jaw in 1980 as an example, The Independent described in 2011 how <mask> was a player who "did not stand for nonsense on the pitch".According to The Herald writing in 2010, alongside his strong play, which due to the way the game was played at that time was almost a necessity if forwards wanted to succeed, <mask> also had a refinement to his game. Following the clash with Gattuso, playing on his hardman reputation, The Independent listed the "Five reasons not to mess with <mask>". Redknapp has said of <mask> as a coach that "You could put your life on him... He is quiet, but when he says something, it is worth listening to." In coaching, <mask> is described by The Herald as still having the presence and natural authority he had as a player, and of having an enigmatic solemnity about him. In the same interview, while living in Bristol, <mask> was described as having the intensified Scottish patriotism of an exile, who was willing to seize the opportunity to manage the Scottish national team since 2002. Personal life
<mask> has two sons who have both played professional football: Tom and Andy (who retired due to injury after leaving Hartlepool United).One of his two daughters lives and works in Italy. He has an interest in fine wines, picked up from his time playing in Italy. <mask> supported Celtic as a boy. As of March 2010, <mask> lived with his family in Bristol. Career statistics

Club
Sourced from

A. The "Other" column constitutes appearances and goals in the European Cup, FA Charity Shield, Football League Trophy, Football League play-offs, Full Members Cup, Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, Screen Sport Super Cup, UEFA Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. International appearances

International goals
Scores and results list Scotland's goal tally first.Managerial record

Honours
Leeds United
European Cup runners-up: 1975
European Cup Winners' Cup runners-up: 1973
Football League First Division champions: 1973–74
Football League First Division runners-up: 1970–71, 1971–72
FA Charity Shield runners-up: 1974

Manchester United
FA Cup runners-up: 1979

Milan
Serie B winners: 1982–83
Mitropa Cup winners: 1982

Bristol City
Football League Trophy runners-up: 1987

Individual
Scottish Football Hall of Fame, 2005 inductee
Scotland national football team roll of honour: 1982

References

External links

Manchester United career summary
Manchester United career summary

1951 births
Living people
People from Cleland, North Lanarkshire
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Association football forwards
Blantyre Victoria F.C. players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Manchester United F.C. players
A.C. Milan players
Southampton F.C. players
Bristol City F.C. players
Scottish football managers
Bristol City F.C.managers
Heart of Midlothian F.C. managers
Stoke City F.C. managers
Portsmouth F.C. managers
Premier League managers
Serie A players
Serie B players
English Football League players
Scottish expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Tottenham Hotspur F.C. non-playing staff
Middlesbrough F.C. non-playing staff
1974 FIFA World Cup players
1978 FIFA World Cup players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. non-playing staff
English Football League managers
Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism
Celtic F.C.non-playing staff
Sportspeople from North Lanarkshire
Scotland under-23 international footballers
Scottish Football League managers
FA Cup Final

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<mask> (born 18 December 1951) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU). Since 31 August 2010 he has been Minister President of the German state of Hessen. From 1 November 2014 until 31 October 2015 he was President of the Bundesrat and ex officio deputy to the President of Germany. He has been chairman of CDU in Hesse since July 2010. From 1999 to 2010, he was minister of interior and sports in the state of Hessen. <mask> is a lawyer by profession. Because of his participation in state government, he is the longest serving Member of the Bundesrat, representing Hessen since 1999.Early life and career
Bouffier grew up in Giessen. His father <mask> (1920–1999) was a lawyer and CDU local politician in Giessen; his grandfather Robert Ferdinand <mask> (1883–1971) moved from Strasbourg to Giessen in 1906, where he later became a CDU politician. His paternal family is of French Huguenot ancestry. He studied law at the University of Giessen and completed his studies in 1977. From 1975 to 1978 he was a research assistant in public law at the University of Giessen, and in 1978 he was called to the bar. He practiced law for many years in addition to his political activities and is currently an inactive partner in the law firm Bouffier & Wolf. Political career
<mask> was leader of the Hessian Young Union, the youth organisation of the CDU, from 1978 to 1984.<mask> was first elected to the Parliament of the State of Hesse in 1982. He served as State Minister of the Interior and Sports in the government of Minister-President Roland Koch from 1999 to 2010. When Koch announced his withdrawal from the political scene and resigned in August 2010, he nominated Bouffier as his successor to lead the center-right CDU-FDP government that was formed after the 2009 state elections. In the negotiations to form a coalition government of the Christian Democrats (CDU together with the Bavarian CSU) and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) following the 2009 federal elections, Bouffier was part of the CDU/CSU delegation in the working group on internal and legal affairs, led by Wolfgang Schäuble and Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger. In 2010, <mask> was elected vice chairman of the CDU and has since been serving in the party's national leadership under successive chairwomen Angela Merkel (2012-2018) and Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer (since 2018). On 7 June 2011, he was among the guests invited to the state dinner hosted by President Barack Obama in honor of Chancellor Angela Merkel at the White House. Under <mask>'s leadership, Hesse joined forces with Bavaria in early 2013 to launch a constitutional challenge to the Germany's system of tax transfers in order to stop subsidising spending in the city of Berlin, the national capital, and all the poorer states.At the time, Hesse was the third largest net contributor, with an annual transfer of almost €1.3 billion. On 8 February 2013, Bouffier agreed to the proposal of the President Joachim Gauck to hold the state elections on the same day as Germany's federal elections. When the official result gave no major parties and their traditional coalition partners a clear majority in the parliament, Bouffier decided to break ranks with the rest of Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative party and seek a coalition government with the Greens rather than the Social Democrats (SPD). He thereby created only the second CDU-Green coalition to govern a German state, after the previous government of Hamburg. On the federal level, he was part of the 15-member leadership circle chaired by Merkel, Horst Seehofer and Sigmar Gabriel in the negotiations to form a coalition government. As one of the state's representatives at the Bundesrat, Germany's upper house of parliament, <mask> is a member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Defence. In October 2015, while he held the rotating presidency of the Bundesrat, he hosted the three-day festivities for the 25th anniversary of the reunification of the former East and West German states.On 25 February 2022, <mask> announced his resignation from the post of minister-president which will become effective on 31 May. Instead, he publicly endorsed Armin Laschet's candidacy. Controversy
German politicians from across the political spectrum criticized Deutsche Bank co-CEO Jürgen Fitschen in December 2012 following reports he had telephoned <mask> to complain about a raid on the bank's Twin Towers in Frankfurt – even though <mask>'s office was not directly responsible for overseeing the action. During the trial of Beate Zschäpe for the NSU murders, the BfV agent Andreas Temme who was at the scene of one of the murders, yet claimed not to have noticed it, was accused by the prosecution of having sympathies towards Neo-Nazism himself, thus casting doubt on his testimony. <mask>, then interior minister of Hesse, shielded Temme from further investigations, citing protection of undercover agents. Personal life
Bouffier is married to his wife Ursula, a former radiology assistant. In early 2019, he underwent treatment for skin cancer.References

1951 births
Living people
People from Giessen
German Lutherans
Presidents of the German Bundesrat
Christian Democratic Union of Germany politicians
Members of the Landtag of Hesse
Ministers-President of Hesse
Ministers of the Hesse State Government

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<mask> (born 3 October 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Affectionately known as 'The Flea', Weightman was recognized as one of the finest rovers of his era, with his aggression, courage, evasive skills and constructive handpassing being key features of his play. He experienced success at the beginning of his playing career, but won respect at Richmond for staying loyal to the club during their crisis period in the late 1980s. He also represented Victoria with distinction in interstate matches. Weightman's achievements in the game for both club and state were recognized when he was named in Richmond's Team of the Century and Hall of Fame, and in 2001 as a member of the Australian Football Hall of Fame. Early Years
Weightman is one of six children born to Brian "Reggie" <mask> and his first wife Maureen, and has three brothers and two sisters. Brian (who died in 2020) was a local sporting icon, excelling in Australian rules football and cricket.He played 289 games with the Mildura Imperials in the Sunraysia Football League, winning six club best and fairests and playing in four premierships. He later coached various junior football teams and was recognized for his service to various local sporting associations with life membership. Weightman would follow in his father's footsteps at the Imperials, playing for the junior teams and winning competition best and fairest awards at under 15 and under 17 level, as well as three consecutive premierships. At this time, the north west of Victoria was zoned exclusively to Richmond. The Tigers relocated Weightman to Melbourne in 1977, when he was 17. He enrolled at Melbourne High School and played for the school team, which won the schoolboy "Herald Shield". These matches were played as curtain raisers to the VFL's Tuesday night series games.Weightman first came under notice in this series. Meanwhile, on Saturdays, he turned out for the Tigers' under 19 side, and played as first rover in the team's victory against Fitzroy in the Grand Final. Senior Football Career
Weightman was selected for his senior debut in the opening round of 1978 against arch-rivals  at the MCG, along with John Einsiedel and Greg Strachan, who had been a premiership teammate of Weightman the previous season and would also be part of the senior premiership side two years later. Weightman was named in the forward pocket as second rover to club champion Kevin Bartlett, and joined a special group of VFL/AFL players to score a goal with their first kick. He would kick three for the afternoon and gather 12 disposals in a 77-point victory, impressing with his pace and ball use. However, he quickly found himself back in the reserves when the team's fortune slumped. This was the pattern for his first two seasons  before his career turned around in 1980.After several years in the wilderness, Richmond returned to form due to the improvement of a number of young players such as Weightman. He was now sharing the roving duties with West Australian Robert Wiley. The Tigers stormed through the home-and-away season, winning 11 consecutive games from Round 4 to 14 and missing out on the minor premiership only after losing to  in the final round. Richmond would finish third on the ladder, with the highest total points aggregate (their 2,754 points falling just shy of the record set by Carlton the previous season) and also the best percentage. The third-placed finish meant they would have to face  in the Qualifying final at VFL Park. In a game significant for Kevin Bartlett breaking the then VFL games record and a quarter-time confrontation between coaches Peter Jones and Tony Jewell, Weightman gathered 21 disposals and kicked four goals to be among the Tigers' best players in a 42-point win. Weightman was named starting rover in the 1980 Grand Final, and kicked the first goal of the game at the 5-minute mark after making position in open space up the ground to mark a pass from Jim Jess, then playing on and steering his shot through from a slight angle.He ended the game with 20 disposals (14 of them handpasses) and was rated among Richmond's best players on the day. In the post season, he won Victorian selection for the first time. However, in a sign of the decade that was to come, Richmond were unable to repeat their success in 1981. They spent much of the season hovering between fifth and seventh position on the ladder, and needed to beat arch-rivals Carlton in the final home-and-away round to have any chance of snatching fifth spot from Fitzroy. In a low-scoring game at the MCG, Carlton emerged victorious by 27 points and the Tigers ended the season in seventh position. One of the rare highlights of the season was the Round 12 win against  at VFL Park, which was club champion Francis Bourke's 300th game. Five minutes into the last quarter, Jewell sprang a surprise move by dragging Michael Roach and replacing him at full forward with Jim Jess.Down 22 points at this stage, the Tigers then kicked nine goals to run out 15-point winners. Weightman was among Richmond's best players that day; he and fellow small man Robert Wiley combined for 69 disposals – Weightman was credited with 36 of those (which included 24 handpasses) and kicked three goals. Francis Bourke took over from Jewell as coach and Richmond finished the season on top of the ladder. Weightman played well in the losing 1982 VFL Grand Final against Carlton. 1983 began in tumultuous fashion when champion centreman Geoff Raines demanded a clearance. The Tigers lost their first five games and would never recover, spending much of the year in second-last position and eventually finishing tenth only after beating  at the SCG in Round 21. Former premiership ruckman Mike Patterson was appointed Bourke's replacement but would only last for one season.The Tigers improved on their previous season's form, finishing eighth with ten wins, but the bitter ongoing recruiting war with  continued to hurt the club financially. In the Round 16 loss to  at VFL Park, Weightman was one of Richmond's best with 22 disposals and three goals, but was reported by field umpire David Howlett for allegedly striking Russell Greene with the right elbow to the head in the first quarter. He pleaded not guilty at the VFL tribunal hearing, but was suspended for two matches. 1991 was another disappointing season for Richmond. However, there were a few bright moments. In the Round 8 match, later dubbed the 'Mother's Day Massacre', Richmond caused one of the upsets of the season against the reigning premiers . After it appeared the Magpies were headed for victory, kicking seven goals in the first quarter to lead by 16 points, the Tigers then kicked 20 goals to 8 to run out 57-point winners.Jeff Hogg kicked a career-best ten goals, and Weightman played a captain's game, combining with Craig Lambert and Matthew Knights to set up many scoring chances; he was credited with 33 disposals (18 kicks, 15 handpasses) and also kicked two goals. 1993 began promisingly for Richmond, with former player John Northey returning as coach after taking  to five finals series, and Jeff Hogg appointed as new captain. The Tigers qualified for the 1993 Foster's Cup Grand Final but lost to . It would turn out to be a false dawn, and after losing to  by 94 points in the opening round, Richmond would finish the season second-last with four wins. In the Round 13 match against  at the MCG, Weightman was reported by emergency umpire Coates for allegedly striking Paul Williams with a left forearm to the head in the final quarter. He pleaded guilty at the Tribunal hearing and was suspended for three weeks. There had been talk of Weightman retiring if the suspension had been lengthy, but at the tribunal press conference he vowed to continue aiming to reach 300 games.Weightman represented the Australian state of Victoria, and was state captain in 1987 and 1988 v Western Australia, and against New South Wales in 1990. Overall, he played a total of 20 State of Origin games. It was said he played some of his best football for the State and was one of those rare players - the better the standard the better he would play. His other honours include winning the 1985 Tassie Medal for best player in the State of Origin series and the 1985 Simpson Medal for best player in the Western Australia v Victoria match played in Perth. Life After Retirement
Weightman is a type 1 diabetic, however this has not stopped him from being active, and in 2005, Weightman continued to have an impact in the EJ Whitten Legends Game at the Telstra Dome with competitors that were mostly around five or six years his junior. He also participated in the 2006 match. Weightman continues to be a regular face at the Richmond Football Club, and has been one of the Richmond runners on match day on and off for the past few years.In January 2017, it was reported that Weightman had collapsed due to a drop in his blood sugar level and fractured his left ankle during an early morning round of golf in Mildura. He had emergency surgery to remove some bone and insert screws into the ankle before spending a further 7 weeks in a moon boot. References

Bibliography
 Hogan P: The Tigers Of Old, Richmond FC, Melbourne 1996

External links

AFL Hall of Fame - Players

Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Richmond Football Club players
Richmond Football Club Premiership players
South Launceston Football Club players
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Victorian State of Origin players
Jack Dyer Medal winners
1959 births
Living people
People educated at Melbourne High School
E. J. Whitten Medal winners
Australia international rules football team players
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

masks:
Dale Weightman
Weightman