texts:
<mask> (Russian: Николай Николаевич Оноприенко; 19 December 1911 – 12 November 1979) was a Red Army colonel and World War II Hero of the Soviet Union. Onoprienko fought in the Battle of Smolensk, the Battle of Moscow, the Battle of Kursk, Operation Kutuzov, Operation Bagration, the East Prussian Offensive and the Berlin Offensive. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 December 1911 in the village of Uil in Aktobe Region to a peasant family of Ukrainian ethnicity. In 1927, he graduated from seven years of education and worked at his father's farm. In August 1930, he became the foreman of the village "Felix Dzerzhinsky" Kolkhoz. In July 1931, <mask> was drafted into the Red Army. He graduated from the school of the 14th Turkestan Mountain Rifle Regiment of the 3rd Turkestan Rifle Division in the Central Asian Military District in May 1932 at Termez.Shortly afterwards, <mask> was admitted to the Combined Central Asian Red Banner Military School, from which he graduated in 1934. In May, he became a platoon commander in the 1st Mountain Rifle Regiment of the 83rd Turkestan Mountain Rifle Division. He was promoted in September 1935 to the command of a company. In June 1936, <mask> transferred to command a company in the division's 45th Mountain Rifle Regiment. In 1937, he was awarded a gold watch for the excellent organization of combat training in his unit. In December 1938, <mask> was sent to the Vystrel course and graduated in June 1939. He was appointed the commander of the 45th Mountain Rifle Regiment's reconnaissance company in Kushka.<mask> became the chief of the regimental school of the 83rd Mountain Division in October. In 1941, he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. He became the 45th Mountain Rifle Regiment's deputy commander in Ashgabat during February. World War II
In August 1941, <mask> became the commander of a rifle battalion of the 36th Rifle Brigade in the 16th Army. He fought in the Battle of Smolensk, the Vyazma Defensive Operation and the Battle of Moscow, in which he was wounded on 28 December. After leaving the hospital in February 1942, <mask> became commander of the 134th Rifle Brigade's mortar battalion on the Bryansk Front. On 20 September, he was awarded the Medal "For Courage".Promoted to major, he commanded the 74th Rifle Division's 78th Rifle Regiment from October. In February 1943, he reportedly distinguished himself during the Maloarkhangelsk Offensive, for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner on the 11th. <mask> became the commander of the 15th Rifle Division's 676th Rifle Regiment in April 1943 after being promoted to lieutenant colonel. On 10 June, he was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky. During the Battle of Kursk, the 676th was positioned on the northern end of the Kursk Bulge, on the boundary with the 81st Rifle Division. On 5 July, the regiment was attacked by German infantry from the 292nd Infantry Division supported by Ferdinand tank destroyers. The regiment was surrounded but was able to break out during the night and fought throughout 6 July.On the next day, the depleted regiment was withdrawn from the front. <mask> was awarded his second Order of the Red Banner for his leadership at Kursk. He continued to lead the 676th and fought in Operation Kutuzov in August. The regiment participated in the Chernigov-Pripyat Offensive in September and October and the Gomel-Rechitsa Offensive in November. During the Gomel-Rechitsa Offensive, <mask> was wounded on 7 November. After recovering, he returned to command of the regiment. In May 1944, <mask> became deputy commander for personnel of the 193rd Rifle Division.In June 1944, he was transferred to command the 118th Guards Rifle Regiment of the 87th Guards Rifle Division. During Operation Bagration, the division was part of the attack on Baranovichi. <mask> led the 118th around the German flank and advanced into the city, allowing other Soviet divisions to push German troops out of Baranovichi. On 28 August, he was awarded the Order of Suvorov 3rd class for his leadership. In September and October, the regiment held on to the Serock bridgehead on the Vistula. At the beginning of the East Prussian Offensive in January 1945, the regiment broke through German lines and reportedly advanced more than 10 kilometers in five days. For his leadership, he was awarded the Order of Kutuzov 3rd class on 16 February.In February, <mask> became deputy commander for personnel of the 37th Guards Rifle Division. He fought in the East Pomeranian Offensive and the assault on Danzig. During the assault on Danzig, division commander Major General Sobir Rakhimov was killed on 26 March. <mask> took command and completed the division's assault on Danzig before being replaced by Major General Kuzma Grebennik on 30 March. On 19 April, the advanced forces of the division crossed the eastern branch of the Oder and were stopped by German troops positioned on a large river island. The vanguard of the division was led by <mask>. He reportedly organized communications with artillery, allowing the forward movement of 45mm guns.Fire from the 45mm  guns allowed the troops to successfully assault the island. On the night of 20 April, the advance regiment of the division crossed the western branch of the Oder and created a bridgehead. <mask> attacked the main objectives and captured high ground and a brick factory. From these positions, the regiment reportedly repulsed 18 counterattacks and provided a bridgehead for the crossing of the rest of the division. On 29 June, <mask> was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin. Postwar
Following the end of the war, <mask> remained with the 37th Guards, becoming the commander of its 118th Guards Rifle Regiment in July 1945. He continued in this post after the regiment was reorganized into the 88th Guards Mechanized Regiment in October of that year when the division became the 27th Guards Mechanized Division.Appointed military commissar of the Tuymazinsky District Military Commissariat in July 1947, <mask> was transferred to the same post for Chkalovsky District in the city of Chkalov (renamed Orenburg) in 1948. The latter proved to be his last position before he transferred to the reserve in 1954. <mask> lived in Orenburg and worked in the oblast road construction trust. He died on 12 November 1979 and is buried in Orenburg. Awards and honors
USSR

Foreign

References

1911 births
1979 deaths
People from Oiyl District
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Soviet colonels
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 3rd class
Recipients of the Order of Alexander Nevsky
Recipients of the Order of the Red Star
Recipients of the Medal "For Courage" (Russia)
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
Tashkent Higher All-Arms Command School alumni

masks:
Nikolai Nikolayevich Onopko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko
Onoprienko


type: original

texts:
Isobel Jane "<mask>" <mask> (; born 11 August 1978) is a British musical comedian, actress, and writer. She played Dobby in the British sitcom Peep Show, and in 2013 won the gold Sony Radio Academy Award for her radio show Pearl And Dave. She also provides narration on the UK television show, Posh Pawn. Early life
Suttie was born in Hull to an English mother and Scottish father, and brought up in Matlock, Derbyshire. Her mother is Jewish. From an early age she expressed a desire to act and write. She began playing the guitar and writing songs at the age of twelve after she was refused saxophone lessons.As a teenager she was a member of a progressive rock band called Infinite Drift. She attended Highfields School in Matlock. Career

Theatre, comedy and music

Suttie trained as an actress at the Guildford School of Acting, graduating in 2000. In 2001 she composed and directed a score for Peter Weiss' play Marat/Sade at the Arcola Theatre in London. Suttie began performing stand-up comedy in 2003. Her act normally consists of music, stand-up and stories, either as herself or under the guise of a character. At the 2005 Edinburgh Fringe, Suttie was one of the acts in stand-up showcase The Comedy Zone.In 2006, she acted in Danielle Ward's Take-a-Break Tales at The Pleasance with Neil Edmond and Emma Fryer. In 2007, she performed her debut solo stand-up show, Love Lost in the British Retail Industry, which she took to Sydney Arts Festival and on a UK tour in 2010–11, and in 2008 her second solo Edinburgh show The Suttie Show. She played psycho killer Sorrow in the revival of Danielle Ward and Martin White's cult musical Gutted at the Leicester Square Theatre for two performances in February and March 2011. She took her third solo stand-up show, Pearl and Dave, to Edinburgh in August 2011. She appeared at the Just for Laughs Comedy Festival in Montreal in July 2012. Suttie occasionally duets with folk musician Gavin Osborn and supported Jim Bob on tour in 2010. She also appeared with Jim Bob for the fourth year of the "Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People" event at the Bloomsbury Theatre in December 2011.Suttie was nominated for Best Female Newcomer at the 2008 British Comedy Awards, then Female Breakthrough Artist in 2011 and Best Female TV Comic in 2014. She was regional winner of  The Daily Telegraph Young Jazz Competition (1995) for composition, winner of the Julian Slade Songwriting Competition (1998) and Chortle Awards best newcomer nominee (2005). In 2013, the BBC Radio 4 version of Pearl and Dave won a Gold Sony Radio Academy Award. In February and March 2014, she starred as Phyllis Pearsall, the creator of the A–Z map, in the musical The A–Z of Mrs P, which ran at Southwark Playhouse. Television, radio, film and podcasts

Suttie's first television writing was for two series of the popular teenage drama Skins, under the guise of "comedy consultant". Suttie appeared in the short film that accompanied the song "God of Loneliness" by Emmy The Great, alongside Shazad Latif, directed by Chris Boyle. She provides the voices for BBC One's Walk on the Wild Side in addition to voicing the character of Josie The Dog in Kristen Schaal and Kurt Braunohler's Penelope Princess of Pets (Channel 4 Comedy Lab).She provides voices for children's series The Revolting World of Stanley Brown. Suttie has also provided the voiceover for several TV commercials. Suttie has previously appeared as a special guest on the popular podcast, Answer Me This!, in April 2013 alongside hosts Helen Zaltzman and Olly Mann. Suttie played a waitress called Kiki alongside Alan Davies in BBC Two's Whites, which aired in autumn 2010. She has also made TV appearances in Holby City, as Mary Shelley in The Trouble With Love (BBC Two), as various characters in The Incredible Will and Greg (Channel 4), as Lianne in Rab C. Nesbitt (BBC), as a judge in Genie in the House and as a nurse in two episodes of Skins (Channel 4). She played the regular character Esther Blanco in the last series of Shameless, broadcast in 2013. In January 2013, she appeared in the ITV comedy drama series Great Night Out as Bev.She was cast as IT geek Dobby in Peep Show in 2008, a role that she continued to play for the remainder of the show's run until 2015. Suttie has written and appeared in many shows on BBC radio, including her own BBC Radio 4 series, <mask> <mask>'s Love Letters, which began in 2013. She is also a regular presenter of The Comedy Club on BBC Radio 4 Extra and has acted in two of Tim Key's radio shows. She has been on the UK team for the monthly podcast "International Waters", hosted by Jesse Thorn of maximumfun.org. She appeared on episode 2 at the end of March 2012, alongside Dan Antopolski. In 2012, Suttie voice-acted in the CBeebies show The Cow that Almost Missed Christmas alongside Johnny Vegas. The show was a one-off animation which gave a unique interpretation of the Christmas Nativity seen through the eyes of a cow called Marjorie, who Suttie voiced.In August 2013, Suttie appeared in the one-off revival episode of the television series Knightmare as Treguard's assistant Veruca/Daisy. The 26-minute episode was aired as part of YouTube's "Geek Week" celebrations. Suttie appeared in the S4C Welsh learners programme Hwb as a Welsh learner (which she is in real life) in a regular sketch called "Y Wers Gymraeg" ("The Welsh Lesson"), starring her partner Elis James. In 2014 she wrote and starred in a short film, The Best Night of Roxy's Life, alongside Philip Jackson and JJ Burnel of The Stranglers. The film tells the story of Roxy, a Stranglers superfan who meets JJ, her hero. In September 2016, she began a six-episode run on the Channel 4 TV show Damned as Natalie, a temporary receptionist. She returned for the second series in 2018.She also appeared in the sitcom Man Down as Miss Clarke. Publications
In January 2016, her first book, The Actual One, was published by Orion. In July 2021, her first novel, ‘Jane Is Trying’, was published by Orion. Personal life
Suttie is engaged to Welsh comedian Elis James. The couple have two children, a daughter born in October 2014 and a son born in January 2019. Filmography

TV

Discography

The A-Z of Mrs P Original London Cast

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
21st-century British guitarists
21st-century English musicians
21st-century English women musicians
Actresses from Kingston upon Hull
Alumni of the Guildford School of Acting
British comedy actresses
English rock guitarists
English people of Jewish descent
English people of Scottish descent
English stand-up comedians
English television actresses
English voice actresses
English women comedians
Musicians from Kingston upon Hull
People from Matlock, Derbyshire
Writers from Kingston upon Hull
21st-century English women writers
21st-century English writers
21st-century English comedians

masks: Isy Suttie Isy Suttie


texts:
<mask>  (30 August 1899 – 29 July 1994) was a Canadian physician, scientist and academic who worked in infectious disease, including research on scarlet fever and tuberculosis. After finishing her medical studies at the University of Toronto in 1925, she completed a two-year internship in the United States, studying and working in Manhattan and Philadelphia. Afterward, she conducted research in the Connaught Laboratories concentrating on infectious disease, making important contributions in the pre-penicillin age to isolation of the strains of streptococci likely to lead to disease. From 1928, she lectured in the Department of Hygiene at the University of Toronto on preventive medicine, working her way up from a teaching assistant to a full professor by 1955. In college, around 1917 <mask> met her life partner, Edith Williams, and though their families tried to keep them apart, their relationship spanned until Edith's death in 1979. The correspondence between the two has been preserved and is an important legacy for the lesbian history of Canada. Early life
<mask>'s birth was recorded on 30 August 1899 in York, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to Helene (née Zahn) and <mask>.It is unknown when her name began being styled as Frieda <mask>. Her father was a native Ontarian who had graduated from the University of Toronto (U of T) and taught at the Upper Canada College before being appointed as a lecturer in Italian and Spanish at U of T. He prolifically wrote textbooks which were used in the provincial schools for many years. Her mother was a native of Germany and the couple's children, William Kaspar, Donald and <mask> were fluent in German and French. <mask> was home schooled until 1914, when she enrolled in Havergal College. Soon thereafter, in 1916, her father died and her brother Donald became an encouraging influence for her. In 1917, <mask> entered University College to study physics and biology. During her college years, she joined the Kappa Alpha Theta sorority where she met Edith Williams.She completed her undergraduate degree in 1922 and enrolled in medical school, earning her Bachelor of Medicine in 1925. Hers was the first class that required students to complete six years of study and had quotas limiting the number of women who could attend. Because few hospitals would accept women doctors for internships, <mask> went to the United States in the summer of 1925 to begin her internship at the New York Infirmary for Women and Children. Internship abroad
<mask> began her work in gynaecology and obstetrics in 1924, noting that the only internships available to her were in OBGYN or children's tonsillectomies. Much of her work required her to visit immigrant patients of the tenement houses of the Lower East Side. She had little understanding of the diverse ethnicities of her patients, their poverty and the conditions in which they lived. <mask> had been influenced by Eugenics studies, which caused her medical practices to be influenced by ethnic origin.She became convinced that there was inadequate information available about birth control available to both physicians and patients and she sought information from non-medical sources, becoming an advocate. Soon after her arrival in New York, <mask> began a more intense correspondence with Williams, who would become her life partner. Despite the desires of both women's families to keep them apart—Williams' family sending her to England and <mask>'s family threatening that continuing the relationship would fracture her familial ties—the two refused to give up their relationship. <mask>'s experiences as an intern convinced her that she would prefer medical research to actual practice with patients. When she completed her New York internship in 1926, she moved to Philadelphia, after a brief visit home to Toronto to visit her mother and her brother Donald. In Pennsylvania, <mask> began her post-doctorate training under the direction of Muriel McPhedran at the Phipps Institute for the Study, Treatment and Prevention of Tuberculosis in January 1927, specialising in bacteriology The experiences in her internships were markedly different in that in New York, she lived at the hospital and the staff was predominantly made up of women. In Philadelphia, she lived in her own apartment in the town and often had to struggle to be accepted as a doctor and be able to see patients.In March, 1927, <mask> was offered a position in the Connaught Laboratories, a research facility dedicated to developing vaccines, where her brother worked. Accepting the position to begin at the end of her internship in October meant that she would not be joining Williams in England. Williams had hoped that <mask> would join her, where they might be able to live together, but recognized with the choice of going back to Toronto, that would not be possible. Return to Canada
In 1928, <mask> returned to Toronto and took up her research post, simultaneously working as a demonstrator with the Department of Hygiene and Preventative Medicine. She was one of the founding faculty of the School of Hygiene at U of T. She made her home with her brother Donald; Williams, who had also returned from England, moved in with her own mother. Though the two women wanted to live together, raise children and continue their careers, they were unwilling to displease or fail in their obligations to their mothers. They also realized that though they were middle-class, working women, economic inequalities in their pay compromised their ability to support themselves and their need to remain in the good graces of their families for support.When Williams was bequeathed a farm near Aurora, Ontario, the couple believed it might become their haven, but when Williams applied for courses at the Ontario School of Agriculture, she was advised the courses were full. For the next several years, they lived apart but within a 30-minute walk from each other at various residences. By 1931, <mask> had successfully passed her medical examinations and become licensed. Two years later, <mask> became a part-time lecturer and then in 1934 was promoted to full-time lecturer in the department. Around the same time, in 1933, Williams moved to the farm full-time, returning to Toronto only on weekends. In 1937, she was finally accepted into the Ontario Veterinary College and that same year, <mask>'s mother died. Williams graduated in 1941 and she began practicing as a veterinarian.For the first time, the two women acquired a home together, living in Toronto. They took in a foster child, Jenny Rodd, a war refugee from England, who remained with them until the war ended. Rising homophobia during the war-years, which carried into the 1950s and 1960s led the couple to hide the intimate nature of their relationship from their ward and present an ambiguous relationship to the greater society, limiting their social life to those who knew them best. Career
In her research, <mask> worked predominantly in infectious disease, studying general infection, puerperal fever, scarlet fever and septic sore throat among other bacterial infections. She began studies on scarlet fever in the early 1930s, and along with Dr. Helen Plummer isolated the precipitin present in the strains of streptococci likely to lead to disease. These findings were important in determining the types of antitoxins which might be employed for immunization to neutralize the disease. The type of research <mask> was engaged in required that the bacteria of the disease which created a toxin be isolated, so that it could be injected into a horse.Repeated injections of small doses of toxin allowed the horse to become immune to the disease. The serum created from the blood of animals which had been immunized, contained an antibody (known at the time as an antitoxin), which could then be injected into humans to cure the disease. Development of the sulfonamides rendered immunization against scarlet fever unnecessary, but she continued to study other aspects of the disease. In 1941, she typed the streptococci of scarlet fever which was an important breakthrough for tracking the epidemiology of the disease. <mask> also conducted research in an attempt to develop an antigen for tuberculosis. With the development of penicillin, her research after 1947, shifted focus to the study of antibiotics including bacitracin, penicillin, polymixin, and subtilin. <mask> studied various preparations of penicillin against the tubercular bacillus and as a treatment for gonorrhoea.Rising through the ranks of assistant professor and associate professor, <mask> became a full professor in 1949 teaching preventative medicine for the Bachelor of Science or nursing degree for the remainder of her career. In 1955 <mask> was appointed as a professor of microbiology and held that post until her retirement a decade later. Later career and retirement
In 1959, the couple purchased a house together located on Burlington Crescent in Toronto, near Edith's clinic and lived there until their retirement. In 1965, both women retired and sold their Toronto home, moving to the farm house owned by the <mask> family in Burlington, Ontario. The farm was located in a very scenic setting on the Niagara Escarpment, near the Bruce Trail. <mask>, who enjoyed gardening, tended the ground and Williams, who was a fine cook, enjoyed cooking for their frequent guests. Having become interested in mountaineering, Williams enjoyed mountain-climbing and both women enjoyed taking excursions which allowed them to be outdoors.In their archives are many photographs taken with groups of women on camping and canoe trips. Williams suffered a severe stroke near the end of 1976 and never fully recovered from it requiring repeated hospitalizations at Queen Elizabeth Hospital. <mask> drove in daily from Burlington to visit Williams. She died in 1979, after a series of additional strokes and <mask> returned to the home in Burlington where she remained until three weeks before her death, when her family placed her in a nursing home. Death and legacy
<mask> died on 29 July 1994 in a nursing home in Burlington, Ontario. During her lifetime, <mask> became a benefactor to Canadian artist, Frances M. Gage, agreeing to finance Gage for two years of her education at the Art Students League of New York. Gage had worked in Williams' veterinary clinic and her potential sculptural talent came recommended through mutual friends, Frances Loring and Florence Wyle

Her family donated the couple's papers to the University of Toronto archives.The correspondence covers the period from 1925 to 1941, the period when the couple were unable to live together. Until 2001, the collection was a closed archive and could only be accessed with family permission. The archive contains nearly one thousand letters and is "one of the largest known collections detailing the experiences of women's same-sex sexuality in early twentieth century North America". The two women did not refer to themselves as lesbian, though they were familiar with the term. Given the cultural norm of their time which depicted same-sex couples as diseased, they referred to themselves as "devoted women", making the distinction that they were not depraved, but had chosen their partnership. They used their letters to create and define their relationship and frankly discuss not only other same-sex partnerships, but to evaluate what they believed about their attraction. Both dismissed Freud and pseudo-scientific theories which argued for a natural order that governed human actions, instead believing that their attraction was biological and innate, and not influenced by promiscuous living or self-loathing.The collection of letters is an important archive for the historical study of how sexual identity is developed and acknowledged within the contemporary context of an epoch and is a unique collection in that most such archives have not survived. Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography

External links

 Fraser Family archival papers held at the University of Toronto Archives and Records Management Services

1899 births
1994 deaths
Canadian women academics
Canadian women physicians
20th-century Canadian women scientists
Lesbians
LGBT scientists from Canada
People from York, Toronto
Scientists from Toronto
University of Toronto alumni
University of Toronto faculty
Havergal College alumni
LGBT academics
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Frieda Fraser
Fraser
Ethel Frida Fraser
William Henry Fraser
Helen Fraser
Frieda
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser
Fraser


texts:
<mask> (born 1948) is a Sugpiaq Alaskan painter and sculptor. He was raised in Kodiak and is of Alutiiq ancestry. He received his Master of Fine Arts from Arizona State University and taught for several years at Navajo Community College. For seventeen years, he taught at the University of Alaska Fairbanks and was the head of the Alaska Native Art studies program there. After retiring, he was asked to join the Department of Art at the University of Alaska, Anchorage and develop an Alaska Native Art curriculum. Amason was raised by his grandfather, a bear guide. He considered other careers, including engineering, before becoming an artist and sculptor.In 1973, he received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Central Washington University and received a Master of Fine Arts degree from Arizona State University in 1976. After graduation, he painted and taught art in the American Southwest. He was the chair of Navajo Community College's  Art Department from 1976 to 1978. In 1978, he took a position as a lecturer at University of Great Falls in Montana. He received a position at the University of Alaska in 1984, and the Visual Arts Center of Alaska in 1989. In 1992 he took a position as director of the Native Art Center of the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, Alaska, from which he retired in 2009. He then joined the Art Department at the University of Alaska Anchorage to develop an Alaska Native Arts curriculum and studio.<mask> has served on the Alaska State Council on the Arts and the boards of the Institute of Alaska Native Arts and the Alaska Native Arts Foundation. In 2018, <mask> was recognized with the Governor’s Individual Artist Award for Arts and Humanities. <mask> has created paintings and multi-media artworks for Anchorage International Airport and the U.S. Federal Courthouse Building in Anchorage, as well as public schools in Alaska. <mask>'s work has been in invitational shows in Alaska, Arizona, Michigan, Montana, Oklahoma, and Washington, DC, and his works are in the Nordjyllands Kunstmuseum in Denmark, the University of Alaska Museum of the North, the Alaska State Museum, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, and the Heard Museum. There goes Steve Harvey; Good to See You, Oh My Heart; Humpy Catcher; Happy Humpy Catcher  Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, Anchorage, AK

(selected) Bibliography

 Conti, Michael (2017). Artist Profile: <mask>. Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center.Quinlan, Chelsea (2016). "Our Story" <mask>on. Anchorage Museum. Jonaitis, Aldona ed. (1998) Looking North: Art from the University of Alaska Museum. University of Washington Press. Smith, Barbara Sweetland and Barnett, Raymond J.(1990). Russian America, the Forgotten Frontier. Washington State Historical Society. Fitzhugh, William W. and Crowell, Aron (1988). Crossroads of Continents. Smithsonian Institution Press. Ray, Dorthy Jean (1981).Aleut and Eskimo Art. University of Washington Press. Thalacker, Donald (1980). The Place of Art in the World of Architecture. Chelsea House. References

External links used as sources
"<mask>ason." St. James Guide to Native North American Artists.St. James Press, 1998. University of Alaska Native Arts Program

1948 births
Living people
Alaska Native people
Artists from Alaska
University of Providence
People from Kodiak, Alaska
University of Alaska Fairbanks faculty
Central Washington University alumni
Arizona State University alumni
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
20th-century American artists
21st-century American artists
Native American artists

masks:
Alvin Eli Amason
Amason
Amason
Amason
Amason
Alvin Amason
Alvin Amas
Alvin Am


texts:
<mask> (born December 30, 1995), is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Born and raised in Naples, Florida, he learned how to play the guitar by the age of 10. <mask> first received recognition after releasing several popular songs to the website SoundCloud. Following the release of his debut extended play, Don't Forget About Me, Demos, he signed to Columbia Records. <mask>'s song "3 Nights" reached the top ten in multiple countries. He later collaborated with the band Brockhampton and singer Halsey. In June 2020, <mask> released the single "Chicken Tenders."In July of the same year, he released the single "Politics & Violence." <mask>'s debut album, What Could Possibly Go Wrong, was released the same month. The album charted in the top 50 of multiple countries, including the United States and Australia. In September 2020, <mask> became a headliner for a concert series in the video game Fortnite. A few months later, NME included <mask> on their list of essential new artists for 2020. He recorded a cover of Paul McCartney's song "The Kiss of Venus" for the album McCartney III Imagined. In 2022, <mask> became a cast member of the second season of Euphoria in his first main acting role.Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on December 30, 1995, in Naples, Florida. Fike grew up with a younger brother, Alex, a sister, Apollonia, an older brother, Sean, and is of Filipino, African-American and Haitian descent. Fike was a fan of Jack Johnson, Blink-182 and Red Hot Chili Peppers. He first acquired a guitar at the age of ten and learned how to play songs by the Chili Peppers. About his childhood, Fike recalled that he and his brothers had to take care of each other because his parents were frequently absent from his life. Throughout his childhood, Fike’s mother was in and out of jail and he had to stay in different homes, including those of his older brother’s, relatives’ or parents’ friends’. Other aspects of his childhood life was “full of adventure” as he and his friends would hangout at a forested area near their neighborhood they called the “Forest of Avalon” where they would eat snacks and smoke weed.He and his older brother Sean would also hangout at the guest house of his friend Stefan’s home called the “Backhouse” where they would freestyle. Later they coalesced into a formal rap collective that included members Slyte, Ike Lysergic, and Seno. They attracted an audience in the community and <mask> formed a sub-group called Lame Boys ENT. In 2015, the group started to attract local media’s attention and got booked to music festivals. <mask> started uploading songs on the Internet in high school and the first song he uploaded on YouTube was a song called “Not A Word”. He also put songs he recorded into tapes. <mask> briefly enrolled in a college but dropped out in less than 3 days.Career

2017–2018: Don't Forget About Me, Demos
<mask> first received recognition by making beats with his then producer, Hunter Pfeiffer (known as 54) leading to several popular songs on SoundCloud being published. He released the EP Don't Forget About Me, Demos at the age of 21 in December 2017 as an independent artist, which was recorded while he was on house arrest for battery of a police officer. He later went to serve time at Collier County Jail for violating that house arrest. The EP caught the attention of several record labels and sparked a bidding war. After being released in April 2018, he signed with Columbia for a reported $4 million in August. All his previous work including the EP were pulled from all streaming services during the bidding war. <mask> said the ultimate decision to join a record label was to pay for his mother's lawyer fee, who was facing drug charges at the time.The EP was released again by Columbia on Oct 16, 2018. "3 Nights" was released as a single the same year. The single gained wide attention and peaked within the top ten of the charts in Australia, the Republic of Ireland, and the United Kingdom. It had its acoustic guitar sound compared to the music of Jack Johnson. It was placed on rotation on several radio stations and Spotify playlists, and received favorable reviews from outlets such as Rolling Stone, Pitchfork and Billboard. In reference to the EP, Billboard described <mask> as a "genre-meshing" artist, and later named him a breakout act to watch, calling "3 Nights," "Motown-tinged, trend-proof and irresistible." 2019–present: What Could Possibly Go Wrong
In January 2019, <mask> revealed he was working on an album.On April 4, 2019, Brockhampton uploaded a video to their YouTube channel called "This is <mask>" which included his song, "3 Nights." As of April 2019, multiple collaborations with Brockhampton's Kevin Abstract have been posted, reaching over 4 million views. On June 7, 2019, he released two singles, Açaí Bowl and Rollerblades. He followed these with another single, "Phone Numbers," produced by Kenny Beats, on July 4, 2019. The music video for this song was released on October 15, 2019. <mask> announced on July 9, 2019, that he would be going on a tour titled Rain or Shine later in the year. The North American leg of the tour began August 31 in Philadelphia and ended October 3 in Los Angeles.In September 2019, he announced that he would be doing a clothing collaboration with Marc Jacobs. On the fifth day of that month, he performed a song that was unreleased at the time, Chicken Tenders, at a Chicago concert during his Rain or Shine tour. <mask> is featured on the track <mask>'s Interlude on Halsey's third album, Manic, which was released on January 17, 2020. On June 26, 2020, Chicken Tenders, the first single from his then yet to be named debut album, was released. On July 9, he released the single Politics & Violence and announced that his debut album What Could Possibly Go Wrong would be released on July 31. On August 7, 2020, <mask> was the subject of the second episode of The New York Times Presents. In September 2020, <mask> became a headliner for the Fortnite concert series.In March 2021, he was featured in the song Die For You by Justin Bieber on his sixth studio album Justice. In August 2021, it was announced that <mask> had joined the cast of the HBO teen drama Euphoria for its second season. Personal life
<mask> has an Apple logo tattoo on his face. The tattoo was a tribute to his sister whose name is Apple. The tattoo is to remind him of “what he’s working for”. The initials of the childhood subgroup “Lame Boys ENT” are tattooed on his forehead. He also has a tattoo of Red Hot Chili Peppers’ guitarist John Frusciante’s face on his right hand.In February 2022, it was confirmed that he and Euphoria co-star Hunter Schafer were dating. Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles and other charted songs

As lead artist

As featured artist

Guest appearances

Filmography

Television

Awards and nominations

Notes
Notes

References

1995 births
Living people
21st-century American rappers
Singers from Florida
People from Naples, Florida
African-American male rappers
21st-century African-American male singers
American musicians of Filipino descent
American rappers of Filipino descent
American musicians of Haitian descent
Alternative hip hop musicians
Rap rock musicians

masks:
Dominic David Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Dominic David
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike
Dominic Fike
Fike
Fike
Dominic
Fike
Fike
Fike
Fike


texts:
<mask> is an Indian film director and producer who works in Malayalam film industry. <mask> started his film career as an assistant director to Kamal. <mask> worked on a slew of Kamal's films during the 1990s. His directional debut was the film Oru Maravathoor Kanavu (1998). His popular films include Chandranudikkunna Dikhil (1999), Meesa Madhavan (2002), Chanthupottu (2005),  Classmates (2006), Arabikkatha (2007),  Neelathaamara (2009), Diamond Necklace (2012), Ayalum Njanum Thammil (2012), Immanuel (2013), and Vikramadithyan (2014). Biography
Born in Valapad in Thrissur, Kerala to <mask> and Lilly, <mask> did his schooling at NSS KPT School and NSS College, Ottapalam. He is married to Leena.The couple have two daughters, Irene and Catherine. After completing his degree, he left for Chennai, with an aim of getting into movies. He got into the world of cinema by assisting noted director Kamal. He worked with Kamal in 16 films, from Pradheshika Varthakkal to Krishnagudiyil Oru Pranayakalathu. He worked as associate director to prominent filmmakers like Thampy Kannamthanam, Lohithadas, Harikumar, Vinayan, K. K. Haridas, and Nizar. Film career
In 1998, he made his debut as an independent director with Oru Maravathoor Kanavu, which starred Mammootty and was scripted by Sreenivasan. Producer Siyad Koker asked <mask> to direct a film for him.The film Oru Maravathoor Kanavu was a success for him. In 2002 <mask>, teaming up with screenwriter Ranjan Pramod, who had earlier scripted Randaam Bhavam, came up with Meesa Madhavan, which was a milestone in his career along with that of Dileep. Meesa Madhavan was a hit and established Dileep in the industry. But <mask> proved his critics wrong in the year 2005 with Chanthupottu, starring Dileep. The box-office success of Chanthupottu took <mask>'s career to new heights. In 2006, <mask> directed Achanurangatha Veedu, a low-budget film, which failed to bring audiences to the movie halls, though it won critical appreciation. In 2006, <mask>'s film Classmates was released without much publicity, with no big stars, but became the highest-grossing film in Malayalam, until its record was broken by Twenty:20 two years later.In 2007, he did Arabikkatha, with Sreenivasan in a leading role. Arabikkatha was critically and commercially a big hit. His next movie was Mulla, starring Dileep. In 2009, <mask> directed Neelathamara, written by M. T. Vasudevan Nair, which was a remake of the 30-year-old movie with the same name. It was accepted well by the critics and the masses. He directed a story with Mammootty as lead in Kerala Cafe in 2010. He then directed the hit film Elsamma Enna Aankutty without multistars.In 2011, he became a judge on a reality show on Surya TV called Vivel Active Fair Big Break, where the winner would be the heroine in his next movie. (2018)
Varane Avashyamund (2020) as Sivaprasad
Gypsy  (2020) as Muthaleef
Kuttiyappanum Daivadootharum (2021) as Himself

Television
2012 :Vivel Big Break (Surya TV) as Judge
2018 : Nayika Nayakan (Mazhavil Manorama) as Judge
2018 : Makkal (TV series) (Mazhavil Manorama) as Himself
2019: Comedy Stars season 2 (asianet) as Judge

Recurring collaborators
Music composer VidyaSagar has worked on 12 films out of <mask>'s total 22 feature-length films. Sukumari had acted on 12 films, whereas Salim Kumar in 10 and Biju Menon in 9 and Dileep, Indrajith, Jagathy Sreekumar and Suraj Venjaramoodu were appeared on 7 films. Dubbing artiste Sreeja Ravi works as heroine voice for many films. See also
List of films directed by <mask> featuring Vidyasagar

References

External links

Malayalam film directors
Malayali people
Living people
Filmfare Awards South winners
Malayalam film producers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kerala State Film Award winners
Indian male film actors
20th-century Indian male actors
21st-century Indian male actors
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Male actors from Thrissur
Male actors in Malayalam television

masks:
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose
Lal Jose


texts:
<mask>.A<mask> (born 1965, Tilburg) is a Dutch scientist in mass spectrometry imaging. He is currently a distinguished professor at Maastricht University and the scientific director of the Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), where he heads the division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry. Scientific career
Heeren obtained a PhD degree in Technical Physics at the University of Amsterdam in 1992 under the supervision of Aart Kleyn. He led a FOM-AMOLF research group  on macromolecular ion physics and biomolecular imaging mass spectrometry (1995–2014). He was also   professor at the chemistry faculty of Utrecht University in 2001–2019. Between 1995 and 2015, he worked on new approaches towards high spatial resolution and high-throughput molecular imaging mass spectrometry using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI).Heeren has coauthored over 300 peer-reviewed articles, which have been cited over 12,600 times (Google Scholar). Research
Heeren’s academic research interests are  fundamental studies of the energetics of macromolecular systems, conformational studies of non-covalently bound protein complexes, translational imaging research, high-throughput bioinformatics, and the development and validation of new mass spectrometry–based proteomic imaging techniques for the life sciences. During his postdoctoral fellowship, he worked on the development of innovative ion sources, vacuums systems, data acquisition systems and novel temperature-controlled ion cyclotron resonance cells. He used the FTICR-MS instrument for the study of collisional energy transfer and internal energy distributions. These methods were deployed to investigate their role in the determination of dissociation pathways of biomolecular systems. As a project leader (1995–1997), Heeren led the application of high-resolution MS (FTICR-MS, FTIR imaging spectroscopy and SIMS) to the field of conservation science. He discovered and identified saponified pigment particulates in so-called protrusions in Rembrandt’s “The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp” in collaboration with the Mauritshuis museum in The Hague.Heeren and his group have pioneered the development of active pixelated detectors for mass spectrometry imaging. One such detector, the Medipix detector has been adapted to enable microscope-mode imaging mass spectrometry for biomolecules to enable combined high-throughput and high-resolution molecular imaging using MALDI and SIMS. Professional activities

From 2008 to 2013, Heeren was the research director for emerging technologies at the Netherlands Proteomics Centre. In 2014, he was appointed to his current position as one of the scientific directors of M4I at Maastricht University. He was president of the Dutch Society of Mass Spectrometry between 2001–2005. He is one of the founding members of the Mass Spectrometry Imaging Society, and was elected its president in 2017. Commercialization
Heeren holds 7 patents and has established two spin-off companies, Omics2Image/ASI and the Dutch Screening Group.In 2019, he was awarded the NWO Valorisation Prize in Physics. Awards

 2020     Hans Fisher Senior Fellowship, Institute of Advanced Studies, Technical University of Munich Hans Fisher senior fellowship
 2020     Thomson medal, International Mass Spectrometry Foundation for distinguished contribution to international MS
 2019     NWO-Physics Valorisation prize (see above)
 2019     Brightlands Convention Award
 2014     Robert Feulgen lecturer, Society for Histochemistry
 2013     Winner, 10th Venture Challenge, Netherlands Genomics Initiative
 2012     Award, Exploratory Measurement Science Group (EMSG), University of Edinburgh, UK
 2010     Distinguished Wiley Visiting Scientist award, Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Department of Energy, US
 2008     RCM Beynon Prize, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
 2002     Bert L. Schram Award, Dutch Society for Mass Spectrometry (NVMS)

Most cited publications
 Ščupáková, Klára; Dewez, Frédéric; Walch, Axel K.; Heeren, <mask>. A.; Balluff, Benjamin (2020-08-17). "Morphometric Cell Classification for Single‐Cell MALDI‐Mass Spectrometry Imaging". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 59 (40): 17447–17450. Ellis, Shane R.; Paine, Martin R. L.; Eijkel, Gert B.; Pauling, Josch K.; Husen, Peter; Jervelund, Mark W.; Hermansson, Martin; Ejsing, Christer S.; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2018-05-21)."Automated, parallel mass spectrometry imaging and structural identification of lipids". Nature Methods. 15 (7): 515–518. Bruinen, Anne L.; Fisher, Gregory L.; Balez, Rachelle; van der Sar, Astrid M.; Ooi, Lezanne; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2018-06-12). "Identification and High-Resolution Imaging of α-Tocopherol from Human Cells to Whole Animals by TOF-SIMS Tandem Mass Spectrometry". Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry.29 (8): 1571–1581. Ščupáková, Klára; Soons, Zita; Ertaylan, Gökhan; Pierzchalski, Keely A.; Eijkel, Gert B.; Ellis, Shane R.; Greve, Jan W.; Driessen, Ann; Verheij, Joanne; De Kok, Theo M.; Olde Damink, Steven W. M. (17 April 2018). "Spatial Systems Lipidomics Reveals Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Heterogeneity". Analytical Chemistry. 90 (8): 5130–5138. Ellis, S. R.; Soltwisch, J.; Paine, M. R. L.; Dreisewerd, K.; Heeren, R. M. A. (2017)."Laser post-ionisation combined with a high resolving power orbitrap mass spectrometer for enhanced MALDI-MS imaging of lipids". Chemical Communications. 53 (53): 7246–7249. Ogrinc Potočnik, Nina; Porta, Tiffany; Becker, Michael; Heeren, <mask>. A.; Ellis, Shane R. (2015-10-28). "Use of advantageous, volatile matrices enabled by next-generation high-speed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging employing a scanning laser beam". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 29 (23): 2195–2203.Ellis, Shane R.; Jungmann, Julia H.; Smith, Donald F.; Soltwisch, Jens; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2013-10-18). "Enhanced detection of high-mass proteins by using an active pixel detector". Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English . 52 (43): 11261–11264. Jungmann, Julia H.; Smith, Donald F.; MacAleese, Luke; Klinkert, Ivo; Visser, Jan; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2012-07-27)."Biological Tissue Imaging with a Position and Time Sensitive Pixelated Detector". Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 23 (10): 1679–1688. Jungmann, Julia H.; MacAleese, Luke; Visser, Jan; Vrakking, Marc J. J.; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2011-10-15). "High Dynamic Range Bio-Molecular Ion Microscopy with the Timepix Detector". Analytical Chemistry.83 (20): 7888–7894. Chughtai, Kamila; Heeren, <mask>. A. (2010-05-12). "Mass Spectrometric Imaging for Biomedical Tissue Analysis". Chemical Reviews. 110 (5): 3237–3277. References

1965 births
People from Tilburg
21st-century Dutch chemists
Maastricht University faculty
Living people
Thomson Medal recipients
Mass spectrometrists

masks:
Ron M
. Heeren
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M
Ron M


texts:
<mask> (18 June 1826 – 19 September 1910) was Archbishop of York from 1891 to 1908, when he resigned his office, and was succeeded in 1909 by Cosmo Gordon Lang, later Archbishop of Canterbury. As Archbishop of York, Maclagan crowned Queen Alexandra in 1902. Early life
<mask>, the fifth son of a distinguished Scottish physician <mask> FRSE (1785–1865), was born in Edinburgh in 1826, and educated at the Royal High School. His elder brother was the surgeon and scholar Douglas Maclagan. He served five years in the Indian Army rising to the rank of lieutenant and resigning on grounds of ill health. In 1852, he enrolled at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he received a degree in mathematics four years later; he was made a deacon that year (1856) in London, and served in the Church of England thereafter; he was ordained priest in 1857. In 1869, he was Rector at Newington, and in 1875, he was Vicar of St Mary Abbots, Kensington; both parishes being in London.During this period, he composed several hymns. On 24 June 1878, he became Bishop of Lichfield, in the same year that he made a prestigious second marriage. Bishop of Lichfield (1878–1891)

He was consecrated a bishop by Archibald Campbell Tait, Archbishop of Canterbury, on the Feast of the Nativity of Saint John the Baptist 1878 (24 June) at St Paul's Cathedral. Archbishop of York (1891–1908)
In 1891 (possibly 28 July 1891), he was translated Archbishop of York, which position he held for the next seventeen years. He was appointed to the Privy Council after the accession of King Edward VII 24 January 1901. He made a private visit to Russia in 1897 and in the same year, he tried to create two new bishoprics, one in Sheffield. To do this, the Archbishop was prepared to surrender two thousand pounds of his considerable income – one thousand pounds for each new diocese, but the project still came to nothing.Maclagan complained that from 1891, he had been more Bishop than Archbishop owing to the large population and territory of the diocese. In 1906, he revived the idea, specifically naming Sheffield and Hull as the preferred seats for the new dioceses. By the end of his tenure, there were still only nine dioceses in the province. Sheffield did not get its own Bishop until 1914. Maclagan was apparently a strong High Churchman, but his private beliefs had to be subsumed often. In 1899, he sat assessor with his ecclesiastical superior Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1902), when the decision was given against the use of incense and other ritualistic practices, and was obliged loyally to uphold the primate's opinion. Maclagan resigned his office in 1908, possibly on grounds of ill health.Archbishop Maclagan died in London on 19 September 1910, and was survived by his second wife Augusta (1826–1915). Family
Maclagan was twice married. His first wife was Sarah Kate Clapham (1836–1864), whom he married in 1860 at the age of 34. By her he had two sons, Cyril and Walter. He was married secondly on 12 November 1878 to the Honourable Augusta Anne Barrington (1836–1915), a daughter of the daughter of the <mask>, 6th Viscount Barrington. (Augusta Maclagan had money settled upon her when she married Maclagan, then Bishop of Lichfield, in 1878; for the sources of this money and how it was invested, see this paper. About half her money was settled upon her son Eric when he married in 1913.Thus, the Archbishop's wife, son and daughter-in-law all had independent means, necessary to preserve their social status.). By his second wife, he had a son Eric (1879–1951), and a daughter Theodora "Dora" Maclagan (1881–1976). His eldest son Cyril died childless. His second son, Walter Dalrymple <mask> (1862–1929), had a son <mask> <mask>, schoolmaster, and a daughter, <mask>, physician, both of whom apparently died unmarried. His third and youngest son, <mask> (1879–1951) married in 1913 and left two sons, <mask> (1914–2003), herald and historian; and <mask> (d. 1942, killed in action), who had been working in Rhodesian Railways. His posterity is represented by the three surviving children of Michael Maclagan. Maclagan was the younger brother of Professor Sir Douglas <mask>, MD, otherwise known as Andrew Douglas <mask> (1812–1900) and Sir Douglas, also educated at the Royal High School in Edinburgh, was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, 1833 and was knighted in 1886.He was a correspondent of Charles Darwin. Another brother was General Sir <mask> FRSE KCMG R.E. (1820–1893). The artist Philip Douglas <mask> (1901–1972) is descended from an older brother. Royal connections
He baptised Princess Mary of York later Countess of Harewood, on 7 June 1897 at St Mary Magdalene's Church near Sandringham House. She was the only daughter of George V. Curiously, her husband, George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, would be a cousin of his future daughter-in-law Helen Lascelles. <mask>, as Archbishop of York, was possibly chosen to christen the new royal princess because her parents were then Duke and Duchess of York.In 1902 he crowned Alexandra of Denmark, wife of Edward VII, as Queen of the United Kingdom. Hymns
Hymns composed by Maclagan include:
"The Saints of God! their conflict past", 1869 first appeared in Church Bells (lyrics, or here)
"It is finished! blessed Jesus" (music and lyrics here)
"Palms of glory, raiment bright", date not known. Works
Written works by Maclagan include:
Frederick Temple and <mask> Maclagan. "Answer of the Archbishops of Canterbury and York to the Bull Apostolicae Curae of H. H. Leo XIII" (on English Ordinations), dated circa 1897
 <mask> Maclagan. Hymns and Hymn Tunes by the late Archbishop MacLagan, printed for use in York Minster, etc.by <mask> <mask> (1915)
 <mask> Maclagan Archbishop of York on reservation of Sacrament (1900)

References

Sources

Images
Maclagan's portrait can be seen here, and here. A younger man as Lord Bishop of Lichfield, between 1878 and 1891. Images at the National Portrait Gallery

Further reading
How, Frederick Douglas. Archbishop Maclagan: Being a Memoir of the Most Reverend the Right
Honourable <mask> <mask>, D.D.,Archbishop of York and Primate of England London: W. Gardner and Darton, 1911. Notes and Queries 1930 CLIX: 47, inputs by his son <mask>, H.M. Cashmore, and C. Roy Huddleston

External links

1826 births
1910 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Clergy from Edinburgh
British East India Company Army officers
Scottish Anglican priests
Anglo-Scots
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Bishops of Lichfield
Archbishops of York
19th-century Anglican archbishops
20th-century Anglican archbishops
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

masks:
William Dalrymple Maclagan
Maclagan
David Maclagan
William Barrington
Maclagan
William Dalrymple
Maclagan
Evelyn Maclagan
Eric Maclagan
Michael Maclagan
Gerald Maclagan
Maclagan
Maclagan
Robert Maclagan
Maclagan
Maclagan
William Dalrymple
William Dalrymple
William Dalrymple
Maclagan
William Dalrymple
William Dalrymple
Maclagan
Eric Maclagan


texts:
<mask> (April 16, 1947 – February 24, 2020) was an historian, author, and editor, best known for his documentation of the history of York County, Pennsylvania and of the American Civil War. <mask> started his career as a journalist, and was commissioned to write several works on local, state, and organizational history in York and Harrisburg. He contributed substantially to research on William C. Goodridge and family that led to the establishment of the William C. Goodridge Freedom Center and Underground Railroad Museum. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1947 in Preston County, West Virginia. His parents brought him to York at the age of eight, and he grew up there. <mask> attended West York Area Senior High School and went on to get a Bachelor of Arts focused on English and Education at Youngstown State University in Ohio. He also did graduate work at the Pennsylvania State University and spent some time studying in France.Career
After graduating from Youngstown State University, <mask> taught high school English in Youngstown, Ohio, then began working in journalism. <mask> spent some time as a reporter for The York Dispatch in York, Pennsylvania, then traveled to Paris, France, where he spent three years studying art and other subjects while also teaching businessmen and women English as a second language, and translating. On his return to York, <mask> worked as a public relations consultant for businesses and individuals until 1975, when he was hired to be Director of Public Relations by President <mask>. Miller of York College of Pennsylvania. Before that he had been public relations director of York Little Theater (now The Belmont Theatre). By this time he was well known for his work with the deaf and hard of hearing. He developed and taught the first sign language course at York College, was a member of the International Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, and arranged for tours for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing at the Historical Society of York County. Sheets worked as the publicity director at York College from 1975 to 1980.<mask> resigned from York College in 1980 in order to research and write his first book, To the Setting of the Sun: The Story of York, which was published in 1981 with a Foreword by Pennsylvania Governor Dick Thornburgh. Setting sold out of its first printing of 6,000 copies in a month and was immediately submitted for a second printing. The photo editor of the book was Jerry Sweitzer, who was also responsible for the "Partners in progress" section at the back of the book, where members of the York Chamber of Commerce agreed to pay to have their history included. The book was sponsored by the Historical Society of York as well as the Chamber of Commerce. It was printed on P.H. Glatfelter paper at Maple Press, in York. It is 8 1/2 inches by 11 1/2 inches and three quarters of an inch thick.Illustrations include watercolors, pen and ink drawings, photographs, engravings, newspaper clippings, and signs, with a section of color plates in addition to black and white illustrations throughout. A revised and updated edition was put out in November 2002 by the American Historical Press under the title York County: To the Setting of the Sun : An Illustrated History ( ). During his research for Setting, <mask> learned of the national historical importance of William C. Goodridge. His editor in California put him in touch with historian John Jezierski, of Saginaw, Michigan; Some of <mask>' research was contributory to Jezierski's substantial work on Goodridge photography, called Enterprising Images: The Goodridge Brothers, African American Photographers, 1847–1922. <mask> spent much of the next ten years researching the Goodridge Family, including two interviews with Emily O. Goodridge's great-granddaughter Catherine Grey Hurley. <mask>' research resulted in a small booklet published by The Library Shop at Martin Library with financial support from the Glatfelter Insurance Company, in June 1990. According to the "About the Author" section of that booklet, <mask> wrote magazine and newspaper articles as a freelance writer on an ongoing basis, including pieces in The Philadelphia Inquirer, the Baltimore Sunday Sun, the Deaf American Magazine, and Firehouse Magazine.During that same time, <mask> was hired by the Agricultural and Industrial Museum of York County to compose a survey of the Agricultural and Industrial Heritage of York County. Made in York was a hefty volume that continues to be recommended for those who are interested in the industrial history of the area. <mask> was curator of the John Harris/Simon Cameron Mansion Museum and Galleries of the Historical Society of Dauphin County in the 1990s. During his time there, they presented an exhibit called "Simon Cameron: In the Eye of the Civil War" which presented personal effects, including letters, of the former Senator from Pennsylvania and Lincoln's Ambassador to Russia. In 2000, he contributed the historical portion to The Grand Review: The Civil War Continues to Shape America, a book on the glorious two-day parade in Washington, D.C. that marked the end of the Civil War, May 23 & 24, 1865. The softcover book has about 140 illustrations over 132 pages and was published by Bold Print, Inc. of York, PA. It was nominated for the Pulitzer prize.In 2002, the Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee turned to <mask> to document the work of artist Violet Oakley at the Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg. Similarly, at other times, Asbury United (First) Methodist Church, the York County Bar Association, and PeoplesBank hired him to put their organizational histories into book form. Later in life, <mask> was hired by the York County Library System as their Planned Giving Officer to support institutional development. He has also edited a complementary regional guide to art, culture, heritage, tourism and literacy called Showcase Now! Magazine for several years. Community service

<mask> served as President and then Past President of the York Twinning Association, which connects residents of York to residents of its sister cities Arles, France (since 1954) and Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany (since 1981). He was also a Board Member of the York Little Theater, the Strand-Capital Performing Arts Center, and the York Cerebral Palsy Home.<mask> further served as the Vice President of both the York County Council for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing and the York Arts Council, in the 1970s. In 1982 he was co-chair, with Annette Guilfoyle, of the Victorian Heritage Festival. <mask> served as a member of the Board of Directors of the Historical Society of York County and spent three years as Director of the Dauphin County Historical Society in Harrisburg, PA. <mask> was also a supporter of the William C. Goodridge Freedom Center and Underground Railroad Museum, in historical downtown York, PA. He helped plan and present the museum's opening in May 2016 and gave a talk there on June 2, 2017 for which his publication company, Showcase Now, produced a pamphlet titled, Eyewitness to the Goodridge Story in York. Publications

Books - as author
 To the Setting of the Sun: The Story of York, Foreword by Governor Dick Thornburgh. Windsor Publications, Woodland Hills, California, 1981.Second edition, 2002 by the American historical Press. Children of the Circuit Riders: The Story of Methodism in America, Asbury United (First) Methodist Church, York, PA, 1984
 A Brief History of the Goodridge Family in York, Pennsylvania, the Library Shop at Martin Library, York, PA, 1990
 Made in York: A Survey of the Agricultural and Industrial Heritage of York County, Pennsylvania, Published by the Agricultural and Industrial Museum of York County, York, PA, 1991
 Facts and Folklore of York, P.A., Sheets Books, Pression, York, PA, 1993
 Breaking Ground: 50 Years of Excellence in Architecture and Engineering, Buchart-Horn/Basco Associates Inc., York, PA, 1995
 Gettysburg: The Photo Scrapbook, Bold Print, York, PA, 1998
 The Grand Review: The Civil War Continues to Shape America, with commentary by Peter Applebome, Governor L. Douglas Wilder, and Dr. <mask> Wilson, Illustrations by Bradley Schmehl, Bold Print, York, PA, 2000
 Pennsylvania Heritage: Diversity in Art, Dance, Food, Music, and Customs, RB Books, Harrisburg, PA, 2001. Photography by Blair Seitz
 York County: To the Setting of the Sun, An Illustrated History, American Historical Press, Sun Valley, CA, 2004. A Sacred Challenge, Violet Oakley and the Pennsylvania Capitol Murals, The Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee, Harrisburg, PA, 2002
 Lawyers and Leaders: The Role of Lawyers in York County, Pennsylvania, the York County Bar Association, York, PA, 2005
 Facts and Folklore of York County, Pennsylvania (Your A to Z Guide - Attractions to Barbells, Christmas to Fasnachts, Hex Murder to Hog Maw, Shoe House to Zimmerman), the York County Heritage Trust, revised and updated, 2006. The Story of PeoplesBank Since 1864, PeoplesBank, 2008

Books - as editor
 Somewhere in North Africa, by Kenneth L. Benfer, M.D. (1985)
 Inside Westside: Osteopathic Medicine Moves Forward, by Ruth Kammer
 Thoughts on Management, by Russell L. Horn
 Brillhart Genes, by Martin V. Brillhart III
 The School, by Lillian Mickley Juditz, Pine Manor Farm Press, 2002. Journals, Journeys and Jawings, by Sue Schmidt, Shade Tree Publishing, 2003.The Chester County Heart Book: An Every Person’s Guide to a Healthy Heart, with Eleanor Boggs Shoemaker, 2005. Lawyers and Their Ilk, by Jeffrey C. Bortner, Wolf Printing, York, Pennsylvania, 2009. References

1947 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians of the American Civil War
People from Preston County, West Virginia
People from York, Pennsylvania
Youngstown State University alumni
Historians from Pennsylvania
Writers from West Virginia
20th-century American male writers

masks:
Georg Richard Sheets
Sheets
Sheets
Sheets
Sheets
Sheets
Sheets
Ray A
Sheets
Sheets
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Sheets
Georg Sheets
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Charles Reagan


texts:
General <mask> (October 4, 1810 – June 9, 1881) was an American pioneer of the Oregon Territory in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. He was born in Canada, and spent his early years in New York and Pennsylvania before serving as a member of the Indiana House of Representatives. <mask> traveled to the Oregon Country in 1845. He played a central role in blazing the last leg of the Oregon Trail, the Barlow Road, with Sam Barlow and others. Specifically, <mask> is noted for having climbed high on Mount Hood to observe the surrounding area when the party ran into difficulty. He wrote a popular immigrant guidebook, co-founded Dayton, Oregon, and served as a controversial Indian Affairs administrator. After Oregon became a state, <mask> served in both branches of the Oregon Legislative Assembly.He was selected as Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives for one session in 1862, and in 1870 lost a bid to become Governor of Oregon. The Palmer House, his former home in Dayton, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. Early life
<mask> was born in Elizabethtown, Ontario, Canada, on October 4, 1810. His parents, Hannah Phelps and Ephraim <mask>, were American Quakers. When he was two years old, they moved to New York's Catskill Mountains in response to the War of 1812. He received only three months of formal education in elementary school. In 1822, when <mask> was 12, his parents indentured him to the Haworth family for a period of four years.When he gained his freedom, he moved to Bucks County, Pennsylvania, to work on canals and bridges. He was married to Catherine Coffee from 1830 until her death after childbirth. On October 8, 1832, <mask> became a United States citizen. <mask> married his second wife, Sarah Ann Derbyshire, in 1836, and bought land near Laurel, Indiana, in the Whitewater Valley, where he supervised a construction project for a canal. In 1843, he was elected as a Democrat to the Indiana House of Representatives for a one-year term. Representing Franklin County, he was re-elected to the legislature in 1844. Oregon pioneer

In the spring of 1845, <mask> traveled to Oregon without his family, as captain of a wagon train of 23 wagons.Stephen Meek served as the train's paid guide. Meek left the group at Fort Hall to lead some of the members on the Meek Cutoff. The remaining parts of the wagon train reached the end of the overland Oregon Trail at the Columbia River, and unwilling to wait for transport down the dangerous Cascade Rapids, <mask>'s party joined Sam Barlow's party in a quest for passage through the Cascade Range around the south side of Mount Hood. <mask> climbed to the 9,000-foot level of Mount Hood on October 7, 1845—with little food and the scant protection of moccasins—to scout a route off the mountains. This was Mount Hood's first recorded climb; the Palmer Glacier on the mountain is named for him. Because of the onset of winter, the Barlow, Rector, and <mask> parties were forced to leave their wagons on the mountain's eastern foothills. <mask> left on horseback for Oregon City, while Barlow and Rector blazed a trail to Oregon City on foot.Sam Barlow later returned with partner Philip Foster to establish the Mount Hood Toll Road, which became known as the Barlow Road. In 1846, <mask> returned to his family in Indiana and in 1847 he published his diary as <mask>'s Journal of Travels Over the Rocky Mountains, 1845–1846. This book provided equipment guidance and comprehensive route information for those crossing the Oregon Trail. The publication also had a general description of the Oregon Country, a detailed description of the Willamette Valley, and included a copy of the Organic Laws of Oregon adopted by settlers at the Champoeg Meetings. It was a popular guidebook for immigrants for the next ten years. Also in 1847, <mask> traveled with his family to Oregon as captain of that year's major wagon train. While passing through the Walla Walla Valley he met Marcus and Narcissa Whitman at their mission shortly before their deaths in the Whitman massacre—the event that precipitated the Cayuse War.Perhaps motivated by meeting the Whitmans, <mask> later returned to serve as a peace commissioner to tribes considering joining the Cayuse. At the outset of the war he was appointed as commissary-general of the Provisional Government’s militia forces. After the war, in 1848, <mask> joined the California Gold Rush but returned in 1849 to co-found Dayton, Oregon on the lower Yamhill River where he built a sawmill on his donation land claim. Oregon politician

In 1853, President Franklin Pierce appointed <mask> Superintendent of Indian Affairs for the Oregon Territory. The debate of what to do with Native Americans ranged from full integration to total extermination. <mask> proved effective negotiating "Cessation of Hostility treaties" with the native tribes in 1854 and 1855, brokering nine of fifteen treaties. He joined Isaac Stevens, his counterpart for the Washington Territory, in the successful Walla Walla Treaty Council of the Yakima Indian War.Approximately 5,000 Indians attended deliberations from May 29, 1855 to June 11, 1855. <mask> gained an anti-settler reputation among immigrants, newspapers and officials, who said he acted too favorably toward the Indians, even though he moved the tribes to reservations outside the Willamette Valley, seeking to avoid friction between settlers and natives by physical distance. In late 1855, while moving the Rogue River tribes to the Grand Ronde Reservation, violent resistance was threatened by settlers who felt the land should not be given to the tribes. <mask> succeeded, but the territorial legislature petitioned for his removal from office, which became effective in 1857. After leaving office as Indian Affairs Superintendent, <mask> worked his farm on his land claim and operated his sawmill and several other enterprises. Between 1858 and 1861 he spent time in British Columbia as a merchant to prospectors in the gold rushes of the Thompson River, Similkameen Valley, and Fraser River. <mask> blazed a route to the gold fields of the Okanogan Valley and the upper portions of the Columbia River from Priest Rapids in 1860.In 1862, he was elected to the Oregon House of Representatives to represent Yamhill County. Now a member of the Republican Party, he was named Speaker of the House during that session. That year <mask> also established the Columbia River Road Company to build a trail through the Columbia River Gorge on the Oregon side of the river. In 1864, <mask> was elected to the State Senate and served in that chamber through 1866. This included the 1865 special session of the legislature when Oregon adopted the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution that abolished slavery throughout the United States. He ran for governor in the 1870 election as the Republican candidate, but was narrowly defeated by La Fayette Grover, largely for his Indian policies. Treaties negotiated by <mask>
 Treaty with the Rogue River, 1853
 Treaty with the Umpqua–Cow Creek Band, 1853
 Treaty with the Rogue River, 1854
 Treaty with the Chasta, etc., 1854
 Treaty with the Umpqua and Kalapuya, 1854
 Treaty with the Kalapuya, etc., 1855
 Treaty with the Wallawalla, Cayuse, etc., 1855
 Treaty with the Middle Tribes of Oregon, 1855
 Treaty with the Molala, 1855

Later years and legacy
<mask>'s brother, named Ephraim like their father, also immigrated to Oregon and served as a captain in the first regiment of the Oregon Infantry.In 1871, <mask> was the state's Indian agent to the Siletz tribe, remaining in the office until 1873. All eight of <mask>'s children completed higher education. <mask> died in Dayton on June 9, 1881, at the age of 70. His former home that he built in 1852, Palmer House, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987, and is now operating as a restaurant. <mask>'s name is one of 158 memorialized in the frieze of the two chambers of the Oregon Legislative Assembly at the Oregon State Capitol, with his located in the Senate chamber. During World War II the liberty ship SS <mask>, hull number 2025, was built and named in his honor. The Oregon Historical Society issues the <mask> Award for the year's best article in its quarterly publication, Oregon Historical Quarterly.References

External links

Context for Treaty Making: <mask>
Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains, to the Mouth of the Columbia River at Gutenberg.org

1810 births
1881 deaths
19th-century American politicians
Cayuse War
Indiana Democrats
Members of the Indiana House of Representatives
Oregon Country
Oregon pioneers
Oregon Republicans
Oregon state senators
Oregon Superintendents for Indian Affairs
People from Dayton, Oregon
Pre-Confederation Canadian emigrants to the United States
Speakers of the Oregon House of Representatives

masks:
Joel Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
Joel Palmer
Palmer
Palmer
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Palmer
Palmer
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Joel
Palmer
Joel Palmer
Palmer
Joel Palmer
Joel Palmer
Joel Palmer


texts:
<mask> is an Italian-born American economist, academic and researcher. He is a professor of economics at University of Minnesota, where is also associated with the Interdisciplinary Center for Cognitive Sciences. Rustichini has worked on several research areas relating to economics, including decision theory, game theory, general equilibrium theory, neuroscience and economics, experimental economics, and behavioral economics. He has also conducted research on political economy, microeconomic theory, economic dynamics, macroeconomics and models of bounded rationality. <mask> is a fellow of the Econometric Society and a Council Member of the Game Theory Society. Education
<mask> graduated in philosophy from University of Florence in 1977. He then received his master's degree in economics in 1980 from University of Manchester in UK and later received his doctoral degree in mathematics in 1987 from University of Minnesota in the US.Career
Rustichini taught economics at University of Wisconsin briefly before joining Northwestern University as an assistant professor of economics in 1989. He left Northwestern University and taught at New York University from 1992 till 1993, and later joined Université catholique de Louvain as a professor of economics. From 1996 till 1999, Rustichini taught as a research professor of microeconomics at Tilburg University, before being briefly associated with Boston University’s Department of Economics. In 2000, he joined University of Minnesota as a professor of economics. He held the Professorship of Political Economy at the Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge, in 2007–2008. In 2009, Rustichini rejoined University of Minnesota as a professor of economics. Research
Rustichini's work is focused in the areas of decision theory, game theory, general equilibrium theory, economic dynamics, neuroeconomics, experimental economics, behavioral economics, microeconomic theory, models of bounded rationality, and political economy.Neuroeconomics
Rustichini has conducted research in the area of neuroeconomics. He conducted a study to investigate the neural underpinnings of the effect of social comparison on risky choices. He measured brain activity of participants who conducted private and social decision making, through functional MRI. His study revealed that the influence of social comparison on the decision process was mediated by the interplay between reward and social reasoning networks. He also studied the merit principle and the causes of social reward differences encoded in human brain. He also investigated how individuals respond to the comparison between their outcome and the outcomes of others, and how this comparison is affected by the reason of the difference. In 2020, Rustichini conducted a study to investigate the contribution of cognitive and non-cognitive skills to intergenerational social mobility and found that genetic factors, along with the cognitive and non-cognitive skills influenced the re-ordering of social standing that takes place across generations.Intelligence and economic behavior
Rustichini has investigated the relationship between intelligence, and economic and strategic behavior, jointly with the examination of the genetic determinants of intelligence. In the analysis of strategic behavior, his research has established that the probability of cooperation in repeated non-zero-sum games increases with the average intelligence of the group. His works identifies the pathways of the effect in the reduction of errors in the implementation of strategies. According to his research, intelligence operates through the effectiveness of working memory; cooperation in turn is the outcome more of cognitive ability than social preferences. He has also shown that when groups of different intelligence meet cooperation increases in groups of lower intelligence. Decision theory
Rustichini conducted research on the integration of classical decision theory and personality theory and proposed steps towards a theory of economic decision. His study indicated that the integration of the two theories provided the conceptual structure for understanding the effects of personality traits on economics preferences, and the effects of cognitive and non-cognitive skills on economic behavior and success.He also studied the behavioral foundation of interdependent preferences and focused on establishing an axiomatic foundation that provided a link between observation of choices and a convenient functional representation. His study highlighted the Festinger's view and Veblen's view regarding the nature of interdependent preferences. Social justice and merit
Rustichini conducted several studies to investigate the effect of wealth level and the degree on inequality on growth and found a direct relation between the level of wealth and growth, given that the incentives to domestic accumulation are weakened by redistributive considerations. He also presented a field study which contradicted the hypothesis according to which, the occurrence of the behavior subject to the fine is reduced with an introduction of a penalty that leaves everything else unchanged. In the early 2000s, Rustichini authored a paper focusing on gender differences in high-ranking positions and presented experimental evidence to support that women may be less effective than men in competitive environments which accounted for the significant gender gap in performance. Awards and honors
2004 - Fellowship, Econometric Society
2013 - Editor's Award for Experimental Economics, Economic Science Association
2015 - Fellowship, the Game Theory Society
2017 - Nominee for Maurice Allais Prize in Economic Science award, Maurice Allais Foundation

Bibliography
Gneezy, U., & Rustichini, A. (2000).A fine is a price. The Journal of Legal Studies, 29(1), 1-17. Gneezy, U., & <mask>, A. (2000). Pay enough or don't pay at all. The Quarterly journal of economics, 115(3), 791–810. Gneezy, U., Niederle, M., & <mask>, A.(2003). Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences. The quarterly journal of economics, 118(3), 1049–1074. Maccheroni, F., Marinacci, M., & <mask>, A. (2006). Ambiguity aversion, robustness, and the variational representation of preferences. Econometrica, 74(6), 1447–1498.Okbay, A., Beauchamp, J. P., Fontana, M. A., Lee, J. J., Pers, T. H., Rietveld, C. A., ... & Oskarsson, S. (2016). Genome-wide association study identifies 74 loci associated with educational attainment. Nature, 533(7604), 539–542. References

External links

Living people
American people of Italian descent
American economists
University of Minnesota faculty
University of Florence alumni
Alumni of the University of Manchester
University of Minnesota alumni
Fellows of the Econometric Society
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Aldo Rustichini
Rustichini
Rustichini
Rustichini
Rustichini
Rustichini


texts:
<mask>, OFS (14 June 1921 – 5 September 1979) was an English lay member of the Third Order of Saint Francis, a poet, and warden of the Mutemwa leper colony at Mutoko, Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe). Killed by nationalist guerrillas, he is a candidate for canonisation. On 15 July 2019, the Holy See gave the nihil obstat for the start of the cause of canonisation by giving <mask> the title of 'Servant of God'. Background
<mask> was born on 14 June 1921 in Skirwith, Cumberland, England. A son of the marriage of <mask> and Erica May Hill in 1916, he was baptised in the Church of England at Skirwith on 31 July 1921. He had two brothers and two sisters. Their father, an Anglican clergyman, was Rector of Skirwith.The <mask>s were cousins of the playwright Terence Rattigan and were more distantly related to the politician Christopher Soames. Education
<mask> was educated at Gresham's, an independent school in Norfolk, from 1934 to 1939, after his father had gained a new benefice in Norfolk. His brother Michael was at Gresham's with him, but moved on to Eton. <mask> was a member of the school's Officers' Training Corps. He was planning to continue his studies at a university, but at the outset of the Second World War he volunteered for the Indian Army, with which his mother's family was connected; she had been born in Lucknow. He was sent for training at an Officer Cadet Training Unit at Bulford Camp. War service
In December 1940 <mask> was commissioned in the Indian Army.He was assigned to the 9th Gurkha Rifles of the Indian Army and soon posted with them to British Malaya to face the invasion of the Imperial Japanese Army. After the fall of Singapore in February 1942, <mask> spent a month in the jungle. With another Gurkha officer, he tried to sail a sampan to Sumatra but they were shipwrecked. A second attempt was successful, and <mask> was rescued by a Royal Navy destroyer and returned to Dehra Dun in India. He then saw active service with Orde Wingate's Chindits in Burma. After the war
<mask> relinquished his commission in March 1946, on account of ill health. <mask> had a religious experience in Malaya, and his faith became the dominant impulse in his life.When he returned to England after the war, he stayed with the Benedictines of Buckfast Abbey, where he became a Roman Catholic in 1947. He wanted to be a Benedictine monk but the Order would not accept him because he had not been in the Church for two years. After a while, he felt a strong urge to travel. For the next sixteen years, <mask> wandered through England, France, Italy, Greece and the Middle East with only a Gladstone bag. In England, he stayed with the Carthusians for seven months. In Israel, he joined the small Order of Our Lady of Mount Sion, and went as a novice to Leuven (Louvain), Belgium, for a year, where he met Géza Vermes who became a noted scholar. After that, he walked to Rome and lived for a year in the organ loft of the small church in a mountain village, playing the organ.He tried to live as a hermit on Dartmoor, then went to the Benedictine Prinknash Abbey, before joining the choir of Westminster Cathedral as a sacristan. Cardinal Godfrey asked him to be the caretaker of his country house, Hare Street House, in Hertfordshire. On Good Friday 1956, <mask> joined the Secular Franciscan Order but remained a layman. <mask>'s wanderlust was coming to an end in 1962, when he wrote to a Jesuit friend in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), Fr <mask> SJ. He asked, "Is there a cave in Africa where I can pray?" The answer was the invitation to come to Rhodesia and be a missionary helper. This is where in 1969, <mask> found Mutemwa Leprosy Settlement near Mutoko, 143 kilometres (89 miles) northeast of Salisbury (now Harare).It was a cut-off community of leprosy patients abandoned by others. Here <mask> stayed with these patients until his murder in 1979. He cared for them as their warden but fell out with the Leprosy Association and was expelled from the colony. He stayed in a tin hut, just outside the perimeter fence, for the last six years of his life but continued to minister to the lepers. After his arrival to Africa, <mask>wa. His friends urged <mask> to leave but he insisted that he should stay with the lepers.On 2 September 1979, guerrillas of the Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army abducted him. He was shot and died on 5 September at the age of 58. He was buried in a Franciscan habit, according to his wishes, at the Chishawasha Mission Cemetery, about 18 kilometres (11 miles) northeast of Salisbury (now Harare). Legacy
Feature articles on <mask> and Mutemwa appeared in the Sunday Telegraph on 23 April 1989, 28 August 1994 and 14 September 2009. The last two articles were written by the newspaper's editor, Charles Moore, who had visited Mutemwa. In July 2001, the Franciscan priest Father Paschal Slevin, OFM, presented a petition to Patrick Fani Chakaipa, Archbishop of Harare, for an inquiry into <mask>'s canonisation. Father Slevin commented: "I have no doubt that <mask> died a martyr in his determination to serve his friends, the lepers.If his martyrdom is accepted, his cause for sainthood could go quite quickly". A service is held in <mask>'s memory at Mutemwa every year, drawing as many as 25,000 people each time. In 2009 a Mass commemorating the 30th anniversary of his death was held at Westminster Cathedral in London. The 40th Anniversary of <mask>'s assassination was marked both at Mutemwa with the pilgrimage and then an exhibition and talks at Westminster Cathedral on 21 September 2019, where his relics were showcased for the first time. He left behind 6,000 poems. He is in the Guinness World Records for being in terms of lines of poetry alone, the most prolific poet in English. Comprising a total of 169,925 individual lines.<mask>'s output almost doubles that of William Shakespeare. Most of his poems were written after 1968 and cover a wide range of spiritual, natural, elegiac and narrative subject matter. As he wrote his domestic letters largely in verse, new poems from the recipients are still occasionally found. A campaign to have <mask> beatified and canonised was started by the late Celia Brigstocke, <mask>'s niece and continued by Kate Macpherson, his great niece. On 1 July 2019 the Congregation for the Causes of Saints in Rome issued a formal nihil obstat for the cause of beatification of <mask> to proceed. The letter was sent to Archbishop Robert Ndlovu, primate of Zimbabwe, who in April 2019 had convened a meeting of Zimbabwean Bishops at which there was unanimous approval to support the cause. A postulator, Dr Enrico Solinas, a lay judge at the Umbrian Interdiocesan Ecclesiastical Court of Perugia, was appointed in 2018 and is taking the cause forward.On 5 September 2019, the 40th anniversary of <mask>'s death, a special ceremony was held at Mutemwa to officially launch the cause. References

Bibliography
 (en) Tom Russell OFM wrote '<mask> Bradburne 1921-1979 Servant of God' 2020. (fr) Didier Rance wrote 'The Vagabond of God' 2017. (en) Prof. David Crystal wrote 'A Life Made of Words, poetry and Thought of <mask>' 2018. (fr) Didier Rance wrote 'John Bradburne Une Vie' 2019
 (en) Renato Tonel wrote '<mask>burne Mystic, Poet and Martyr 1921-1979' 2018
 (it) Fr Valentine Cascarino 'Thesis on <mask> and Franciscanism' 2019
 (en) Father <mask>, SJ, Strange Vagabond of God:  The Story of <mask> (Leominster, England: Gracewing, 2001)  (Published 1985 and 1990, revised 1997, reprinted 2001)
 (en) <mask> and Professor David Crystal, editor. Songs of the Vagabond (Leominster, England:  Holy Island Press, 1996)
 (en) Prof. David Crystal and Hilary Crystal, eds., <mask>'s Mutemwa in Poems and Pictures (Leominister, England:  Holy Island Press, 2000)
 (en) John Bradburne Memorial Society, <mask> of Mutemwa, 1921–1979 (Leominster, England:  The John Bradburne Memorial Society, ca 1995)
 (fr) Didier Rance, <mask>, le vagabond de Dieu [<mask>, the Vagabond of God] (Paris:  Éditions Salvator, 2012)
 (en) Joan Carroll Cruz, "<mask> / 1921 – 1979 / Vagabond of God / England/Africa", Saintly Men of Modern Times, pp. 163–169 (Huntingdon, Indiana, USA:  Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 2003)
 (en) Leo Knowles, "Come Sweet Death on Wednesday" : "John Bradburne", Modern Heroes of the Church (Huntingdon, Indiana, USA:  Our Sunday Visitor, Inc., 2003), pp.15–24
 (en) Nanette Mary, "The Long Road to Mutemwa" [a poem about the life and adventures of <mask>], The Long Road to Mutemwa:  And Other Writings (Bloomington, Indiana, USA:  AuthorHouse, 2012), pp. xiii–xiv, 1–21.  . The first five pages of the poem are available online at "Nanette+Mary"&hl=en&sa=X&ei=La8OUZ0CjoHQAfaegNgC&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%22John%20Bradburne%22%20"Nanette%20Mary"&f=false GoogleBooks

Documentaries
 (en) "On Eagles' Wings:  The Life and Death of <mask>", VHS, running time, producer, place, and date unknown, available from the John Bradburne Memorial Society. (en) "Vagabond of God", 59 minutes, format unknown, Norman Servais, Cape Town, South Africa, 1999; released to coincide with the 20th Anniversary of the death of <mask>. For more information, go to . External links
 (en) The John Bradburne Memorial Society
 (en)  The Poems of <mask>
 (en) Letter from Zimbabwe in The Spectator, 30 June 2001
 (en) <mask> at icon.co.za
 (en) Mutemwa Leprosy Settlement and <mask>
 (en) The John Bradburne Memorial Society JBMS YouTube page

1921 births
1979 deaths
People from Cumberland
People educated at Gresham's School
English Roman Catholics
British Indian Army officers
Indian Army personnel of World War II
Secular Franciscans
People murdered in Zimbabwe
English expatriates in Zimbabwe
People of the Rhodesian Bush War
Deaths by firearm in Zimbabwe

masks:
John Randal Bradburne
Bradburne
John Randal Bradburne
Thomas William Bradburne
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John Dove
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John Randall
John Bradburne
John Brad
John
John Dove
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne
John Bradburne