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<mask>  (12 November 177428 April 1842) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist, physiologist, neurologist, artist, and philosophical theologian. He is noted for discovering the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves in the spinal cord. He is also noted for describing <mask>'s palsy. His three older brothers included <mask> (1757–1816) a Writer to the Signet, <mask> (1763–1820), also a noted surgeon and writer; and the advocate <mask> (1770–1843) who became a professor of law at the University of Edinburgh and a principal clerk at the Court of Session. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Edinburgh on 12 November 1774, as the fourth son of the Reverend <mask>, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church of Scotland. <mask>'s father died in 1779 when he was five years old, and thus his mother had a profound influence on his early life, teaching him how to read and write. In addition to this, his mother also helped <mask>'s natural artistic ability by paying for his regular drawing and painting lessons from David Allan, a well-known Scottish painter.<mask> grew up in Edinburgh, and attended the prestigious High School (1784–88). Although he was not a particularly good student, <mask> decided to follow in his brother John's footsteps and enter a career in medicine. In 1792, <mask> enrolled at the University of Edinburgh and began assisting his brother John as a surgical apprentice. While at the university, <mask> attended the lectures of Dugald Stewart on the subject of spiritual philosophy. These lectures had considerable impact on <mask>, for some of Stewart's teachings can be traced in <mask>'s later works in a passage on his Treatise on the Hand. In addition to classes on anatomy, <mask> took a course on the art of drawing in order to refine his artistic skill. At the university he was also a member of the Royal Medical Society as a student and spoke at the Society's centenary celebrations in 1837.In 1798, <mask> graduated from the University of Edinburgh and soon after was admitted to the Edinburgh College of Surgeons where he taught anatomy and operated at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. While developing his talents as a surgeon, <mask>'s interests forayed into a field combining anatomy and art. His inherent talent as an artist came to the fore when he helped his brother complete a four-volume work called The Anatomy of the Human Body. <mask> completely wrote and illustrated volumes 3 and 4 in 1803, as well as publishing his own set of illustrations in a System of Dissections in 1798 and 1799. Furthermore, <mask> used his clinical experience and artistic eye to develop the hobby of modelling interesting medical cases in wax. He proceeded to accumulate an extensive collection that he dubbed his Museum of Anatomy, some items of which can still be seen today at Surgeon's Hall. <mask>'s stay in Edinburgh did not last long due to an infamous feud between <mask> and two faculty members at the University of Edinburgh: Alexander Monro Secundus and John Gregory.John Gregory was the chairman of the Royal Infirmary and had declared that only six full-time surgical staff members would be appointed to work at the infirmary. The <mask> brothers were not selected and thus barred from practicing medicine at the Royal Infirmary. <mask>, who was not directly involved in his brother's feuds, attempted to make a deal with the faculty of the University of Edinburgh by offering the university one hundred guineas and his Museum of Anatomy in exchange for allowing him to observe and sketch the operations performed at the Royal Infirmary, but this deal was rejected. Professional career
In 1804, <mask> left for London and in 1805 had established himself in the city by buying a house on Leicester Street. From this house <mask> taught classes in anatomy and surgery for medical students, doctors, and artists. In 1809, <mask> was among a number of civilian surgeons who volunteered to attend to the many thousands of ill and wounded soldiers who had retreated to Corunna, and 6 years later he again voluntarily attended to the ill and wounded in the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo. Regrettably, of <mask>'s 12 amputation cases, only one man survived.In addition to the amputation surgeries, <mask> was quite fascinated by musket-ball injuries and in 1814, he published a Dissertation on Gunshot Wounds. A number of his illustrations of the wounds are displayed in the hall of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In 1811, <mask> married Marion Shaw. Using money from his wife's dowry, <mask> purchased a share of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy which had been founded by the anatomist William Hunter. <mask> transferred his practice from his house to the Windmill Street School <mask> ended up teaching students and conducting his own research until 1824. In 1813–14, he was appointed as a member of the London College of Surgeons and as a surgeon at the Middlesex Hospital. In addition to his domestic pursuits, <mask> also served as a military surgeon, making elaborate recordings of neurological injuries at the Royal Hospital Haslar and famously documenting his experiences at Waterloo in 1815.For three consecutive days and nights, he operated on French soldiers in the Gens d'Armerie Hospital. The condition of the French soldiers was quite poor, and thus many of his patients died shortly after he operated on them. Dr Robert Knox, who was one of <mask>'s surgical assistants at Brussels, was critical of <mask>'s surgical skills and commented rather negatively on <mask>'s surgical abilities; (the mortality rate of amputations carried out by <mask> ran at about 90%). <mask> was instrumental in the creation of the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, and became, in 1824, the first professor of Anatomy and Surgery of the College of Surgeons in London. In that same year <mask> sold his collection of over 3,000 wax preparations to the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh for £3000. In 1829, the Windmill Street School of Anatomy was incorporated into the new King's College London. <mask> was invited to be its first professor of physiology, and helped establish the Medical School at the University of London, gave the inaugural address when it formally opened, and even helped contribute to the requirements of its certification program.<mask>'s stay at the Medical School did not last long and he resigned from his chair due to differences of opinion with the academic staff. For the next seven years, <mask> gave clinical lectures at the Middlesex Hospital and in 1835 he accepted the position of the Chair of Surgery at the University of Edinburgh following the premature death of Prof John William Turner. He was made a Knight of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1833. <mask> died at Hallow Park near Worcester in the Midlands, while travelling from Edinburgh to London, in 1842. He is buried in Hallow Churchyard near Worcester. Honours and awards
<mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 8 June 1807, on the nomination of Robert Jameson, William Wright and Thomas Macknight. He served as a Councillor of the RSE from 1836 to 1839.He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London on 16 November 1826, and was awarded the Royal Society's gold medal for his numerous discoveries in science. <mask> was knighted as a Knight of the Guelphic Order of Hanover in 1831 and, like Sir Richard Owen, was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Works

<mask> was a prolific author who combined his anatomical knowledge with his artistic eye to produce a number of highly detailed and beautifully illustrated books. In 1799, <mask> published his first work "A System of Dissections, explaining the Anatomy of the Human Body, the manner of displaying Parts and their Varieties in Disease". His second work was the completion of his brother's four-volume set of "The Anatomy of the Human Body" in 1803. In that same year, <mask> published his three series of engravings titled "Engravings of the Arteries", "Engravings of the Brain", and "Engravings of the Nerves". These set of engravings consisted of intricate and detailed anatomical diagrams accompanied with labels and a brief description of their functionality in the human body and were published as an educational tool for aspiring medical students.The "Engravings of the Brain" are of particular importance for this marked <mask>'s first published attempt at fully elucidating the organization of the nervous system. In his introduction to the work, <mask> comments on the ambiguous nature of the brain and its inner workings, a topic that would hold his interest for the remainder of his life. In 1806, with his eye on a teaching post at the Royal Academy, <mask> published his Essays on The Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806), later re-published as Essays on The Anatomy and Philosophy of Expression in 1824. In this work, <mask> followed the principles of natural theology, asserting the existence of a uniquely human system of facial muscles in the service of a human species with a unique relationship to the Creator, ideals which paralleled with those of William Paley. After the failure of his application (Sir Thomas Lawrence, later President of the Royal Academy, described <mask> as "lacking in temper, modesty and judgement"), <mask> turned his attentions to the nervous system. <mask> published detailed studies of the nervous system in 1811, in his privately circulated book An Idea of a New Anatomy of the Brain. In this book, <mask> described his idea of the different nervous tracts connecting with different parts of brain and thus leading to different functionality.His experiments to investigate this consisted of cutting open the spinal cord of a rabbit and touching different columns of the cord. He found that an irritation of the anterior columns led to a convulsion of the muscles, while an irritation of the posterior columns had no visible effect. These experiments led <mask> to declare that he was the first to distinguish between sensory and motor nerves. While this essay is considered by many to be the founding stone of clinical neurology, it was not well received by <mask>'s peers. His experimentation was criticized and the idea that he presented of the anterior and posterior roots being connected to the cerebrum and cerebellum respectively, was rejected. Furthermore, <mask>'s original essay of 1811 did not actually contain a clear description of motor and sensory nerve roots as <mask> later claimed, and he seems to have issued subsequent incorrectly dated revisions with subtle textual alterations. Despite this lukewarm response, <mask> continued to study the anatomy of the human brain and laid his focus upon the nerves connected to it.In 1821, <mask> published the "On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System" in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. This paper held <mask>'s most famous discovery, that the facial nerve or seventh cranial nerve is a nerve of muscular action. This was quite an important discovery because surgeons would often cut this nerve as an attempted cure for facial neuralgia, but this would often render the patient with a unilateral paralysis of the facial muscles, now known as <mask>'s Palsy. Due to this publication, <mask> is regarded as one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice. <mask>'s studies on emotional expression played a catalytic role in the development of Darwin's considerations of the origins of human emotional life; and, while he rejected <mask>'s theological arguments, Darwin very much agreed with <mask>'s emphasis on the expressive role of the muscles of respiration. Darwin detailed these opinions in his The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), written with the active collaboration of the psychiatrist James Crichton-Browne. <mask> was one of the first physicians to combine the scientific study of neuroanatomy with clinical practice.In 1821, he described in the trajectory of the facial nerve and a disease, <mask>'s Palsy which led to the unilateral paralysis of facial muscles, in one of the classics of neurology, a paper delivered to the Royal Society entitled On the Nerves: Giving an Account of some Experiments on Their Structure and Functions, Which Lead to a New Arrangement of the System. <mask> also combined his many artistic, scientific, literary and teaching talents in a number of wax preparations and detailed anatomical and surgical illustrations, paintings and engravings in his several books on these subjects, such as in his book Illustrations of the Great Operations of Surgery: Trepan, Hernia, Amputation, Aneurism, and Lithotomy (1821). He wrote also the first treatise on notions of anatomy and physiology of facial expression for painters and illustrators, titled Essays on the Anatomy of Expression in Painting (1806). In 1829, Francis Egerton, the eighth Earl of Bridgewater, died and in his will, he left a large sum of money to the President of the Royal Society of London. The will stipulated that the money was to be used to write, print, and publish one thousand copies of a work on the Power, Wisdom, and Goodness of God. The President of the Royal Society, Davies Gilbert appointed eight gentlemen to write separate treatises on the subject. In 1833, he published the fourth Bridgewater Treatise, The Hand: Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design.<mask> published four editions of The Hand. In the first few chapters, <mask> organizes his treatise as an early textbook of comparative anatomy. The book is full of pictures where <mask> compares "hands" of different organisms ranging from human hands, chimpanzee paws, and fish feelers. After the first few chapters, <mask> orients his treatise around the significance of the hand and its importance in its use in anatomy. He emphasizes that the hand is as important as the eye in the field of surgery and that it must be trained. Legacy
A number of discoveries received his name:
 <mask>'s (external respiratory) nerve: The long thoracic nerve. <mask>'s palsy: a unilateral idiopathic paralysis of facial muscles due to a lesion of the facial nerve.<mask>'s phenomenon: A normal defense mechanism—upward and outward movement of the eye which occurs when an individual closes their eyes forcibly. It can be appreciated clinically in a patient with paralysis of the orbicularis oculi (e.g. Guillain–Barré syndrome or <mask>'s palsy), as the eyelid remains elevated when the patient tries to close the eye. <mask>'s spasm: Involuntary twitching of the facial muscles. Bell-Magendie law or Bell's Law: States that the anterior branch of spinal nerve roots contain only motor fibers and the posterior roots contain only sensory fibers. Charles Bell House, part of University College London, is used for teaching and research in surgery. References

Further reading
 <mask>, C., The Hand.Its Mechanism and Vital Endowments as Evincing Design; Bridgewater Treatises, W. Pickering, 1833 (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009; )
 Berkowitz, Carin. <mask> and the Anatomy of Reform. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2015. External links

 Sir <mask> engravings – Anatomia 1522–1867 digital collection, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, University of Toronto

1774 births
1842 deaths
19th-century Scottish people
Medical doctors from Edinburgh
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
Philosophers of religion
British neurologists
British neuroscientists
Scottish anatomists
Scottish knights
19th-century Scottish medical doctors
Scottish physiologists
Scottish surgeons
Scottish writers
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish medical writers

masks:
Sir Charles Bell
Bell
Robert Bell
John Bell
George Joseph Bell
Charles Bell
William Bell
Charles
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Charles
Charles Bell
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Charles Bell
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John Bell
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type: original

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<mask> (born January 7, 1986), nicknamed "The Big Ragu", is a former American football guard who played 11 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL). He is the brother of former Rams offensive lineman <mask>. He played college football at Tennessee where he played in a career total of 44 games and also earned All-SEC honors as a freshman and a junior. <mask> is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Early career
<mask> started for all four years, both on offense and defense, at Ripley High School in Ripley, Tennessee and handled some placekicking and kickoff duties. In addition, he was a three-year starter on the school's basketball team and competed in track and field, achieving a career-best shot put of 45-11. Professional career
Coming out of Tennessee in 2009, <mask> attended the NFL combine and participated at Tennessee's annual Pro Day.He was projected by many analysts to be drafted from anywhere from the sixth to seventh round or a priority undrafted free agent. He was rated as the 23rd best offensive tackle in the draft out of the 183 available by NFLDraftScout.com. 2009
On April 27, 2009, <mask> was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers. He entered training camp competing to be a back-up guard against the Steelers' 2009 third-round draft pick, Kraig Urbik. Following an injury to starting veteran guard Darnell Stapleton during training camp, <mask> gained the opportunity to become the starting right guard. He ultimately lost the starting job to Trai Essex and was named at backup guard and right tackle to begin the season. He made his professional regular season debut during a Week 3 contest at the Cincinnati Bengals.On  November 29, 2009, he received his first career start in a Week 12 loss, to the division-rival Baltimore Ravens, after replacing an injured Chris Kemoeatu at left guard. <mask> returned to the starting position on December 20, 2009, against the Green Bay Packers and remained there for the last three games of the regular season, as the Steelers ended with a 9–7 record and missed the playoffs. As a rookie in 2009, <mask> had four starts and played in 14 games. 2010
Although he finished his rookie season as the starting left guard, he entered training camp competing with Trai Essex and Kraig Urbik for the starting job. He was named the backup to starting guards Essex and Kemoeatu to begin the season and made his season debut in a Week 3 38–13 victory at the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. On November 14, 2010, he made his first start of the season, replacing an ineffective Trai Essex at right guard, in a 39-26 loss to the New England Patriots. He then remained the starting guard for last 7 games of the 2010 season.The Steelers finished atop the AFC North with a 12–4 record and <mask> went on to start at right guard in a 31–25 loss to the Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XLV. He finished his second season with 8 starts in 12 games played. 2011
<mask> entered training camp in 2011 competing with Chris Kemoeatu, Doug Legursky, and Trai Essex for both starting guard positions. He lost the starting right guard position to Legursky but was named the starter for a Week 2 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. After sitting out the next week, he returned in Week 4 against the Houston Texans and remained the starter for the rest of the season. This marked the third consecutive year he began the year as a backup but finished the season as a starter; also marking the beginning of <mask> being a mainstay on the Pittsburgh Steeler's offensive line. He finished 2011 with a career-high 14 games started in 15 games played.2012
<mask> was named the starting right guard after winning the job over rookie David DeCastro and started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opener against Denver Broncos. This also marked his first full season playing and starting at guard. 2013
He was moved over to left guard after the departure of Willie Colon and started all but one game throughout the season. The Steelers kept <mask> out due to injury during a Week 11 matchup against the Detroit Lions. On March 11, 2013, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $5.50 million contract that also included a $900,000 signing bonus. They rewarded him with a new contract after showing promise the last two seasons. 2014
He started the Pittsburgh Steeler's season-opening 30-27 victory over the Cleveland Browns and started the following game.<mask> then missed Week 3 and 4, after twisting his ankle during a practice. He returned to his starting role during a Week 5 victory at the Jacksonville Jaguars. He started 14 games in 2014, helping the Pittsburgh Steelers finish first in the AFC North with an 11-5 record. They went on to lose the AFC Wildcard game 30-17 to the Baltimore Ravens. 2015
<mask> started at left guard throughout the 2015 season and started all 16 regular season games. The Pittsburgh Steelers finished second in the AFC North with a 10-6 record. After defeating the Cincinnati Bengals in the AFC Wildcard, they went on to lose the divisional round to the eventual Super Bowl 50 Champion Denver Broncos.<mask> had one of his best seasons after improving as a run blocker and surrendering only 31 pressures in all 18 games. He earned a grade of 82.3 from Pro Football Focus in 2015. 2016
On May 9, 2016, the Pittsburgh Steelers signed <mask> to a three-year, $9.60 million contract with a signing bonus $2.75 million. He started all 16 regular season games and surrendered only one sack throughout the whole season. <mask> brought his streak to 46 consecutive starts in-a-row. Pro Football Focus ranked him the 24th best offensive lineman in 2015. He was also ranked the sixth best guard with an overall grade of 87.1 by PFF and the fourth best in pass blocking with a grade of 89.7.2019

On March 7, 2019, <mask> signed a two-year, $8.25 million contract extension with the Steelers through the 2020 season. <mask> announced his retirement on March 16, 2020. References

External links
UT Sports Official Bio
Pittsburgh Steelers Bio

1986 births
Living people
American football offensive tackles
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Tennessee Volunteers football players
Players of American football from Tennessee
People from Henning, Tennessee

masks:
Ramon Sentel Foster
Renardo Foster
Foster
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<mask> (Hangul: 신해철; May 6, 1968 – October 27, 2014) was a South Korean singer-songwriter and record producer known for being a pioneer of Korean experimental rock music. He was referred to by fans as the "Demon Lord" or "The Devil" for his charismatic stage presence. <mask> and his band Muhangwedo debuted at the 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, where the band won first place for the song "To You." He formed the experimental rock band N.EX.T in 1992. He was also known for hosting a radio show from 2001 to 2012. <mask> died as a result of medical malpractice after undergoing surgery in 2014. Early life
<mask> was born on May 6, 1968.He enrolled in Sogang University in 1987, where he studied philosophy until he dropped out to focus on his music career. Career

Debut
<mask> formed the band Muhangwedo (Hangul: 무한궤도) in 1988 when he was a sophomore at Sogang University. The band received national attention when it appeared on the televised 1988 MBC Campus Music Festival, a singing competition for amateurs. Muhangwedo won first place for the song "To You" (그대에게) which was written by <mask>. The band released one album, 1989's When Our Lives Are Almost Over (Hangul: 우리 앞의 생이 끝나갈 때). Early solo career
<mask> released his first solo album in 1990, which included a song that had an English rap, which was unconventional in the Korean music scene at the time. The album was a huge hit, leading to <mask> rising to the top of Korean pop music charts and receiving multiple Korean pop music awards.His second solo album, Myself, was released in 1991, which was first album in Korea to have used midi. He also started a gig as a radio DJ on MBC FM. The N.EX.T. years
In 1992, <mask> formed the band N.EX.T. — moving from pop music to rock. Their first album, Home, was a concept album. While his previous songs were mainly about love or heartache, here <mask> started to write more about social issues, such as criticizing the fast lifestyle of urbanites in "City People".The group's second album was released in 1994 titled The Return of N.EX.T Part 1: The Being where <mask> introduced more philosophical lyrics, such as questioning the meaning of life in the song "The Ocean: About Immortality". The band's third album, The Return of N.EX.T Part 2: World. Some of the band members changed over time, with <mask> being the constant lead singer/songwriter. During this time he also did a one-time collaboration with singer Yoon Sang to form Nodance, wrote the original sound track for the Korean movie Jungle Story, and was the DJ for the MBC FM radio program FM Music City from 1996 to 1997. In 1996, he created his own label, Big Bang Music. In 1997 N.EX.T. released a rock ballad single, "Here, I Stand for You" which sold 500,000 copies in South Korea.(The lyrics of this song are engraved on his tombstone). The band went on to release their fourth album Lazenca: A Space Rock Opera in November 1997, which was also the original sound track for the television animation series Lazenca. The band split up after this- <mask> went on to study music producing in London. Crom

In London, <mask> re-named himself Crom (inspired by Cromwell) and released a techno album Crom's Techno Works in 1998. The following year, he formed a project group Monocrom with guitarist Chris Tsangarides and released the eponymous project album Monocrom. The music in the album was experimental, combining heavy metal with Korean folk music, rap, and lyrical rock ballads. Most of the songs in this album were in English, which he collaborated with lyricist D. Yvette Wohn.After the release of Monocrom, <mask> went to New York where he worked on producing his live album and some Korean movie soundtracks. In 2000, he created a three-man band Wittgenstein to produce a home studio album of the same name. He also wrote the song "Zergs are Coming" for the StarCraft music album. Return of N.EX.T. <mask> returned to Korea in 2002 and worked on various projects, mainly writing songs for other artists or for movie soundtracks. In 2004, he re-formed the group N.EX.T. although the members were different, and released a double album The Return of N.EX.T Part 3: 개한민국.He also started DJing for a late night radio show Ghost Nation that became extremely popular. In 2007, N.EX.T. released a jazz album The Songs for the One inspired by his newborn daughter. In 2008, the band released the album "666 Trilogy." After a long break, the band's final album, "Reboot Myself" was released in 2014. Producer
<mask> participated in special project in 2004, with the best musicians of Korea, the album named as <Tribute to Park Nohae's Collection of poems The Dawn of Labor 20th anniversary>. It is the first attempted project which the recordings dedicated to poetry in the history of Korean music.He worked with incredible passion in a short time. And he sang "Heaven" (Hangul: 하늘) with Psy on this album. Radio DJ

Throughout his career <mask> hosted several radio programs, including Music City with <mask> Chul and GhostStation with <mask>e Chul After supporting and campaigning for the president Roh Moo-hyun in 2002 election, Mr. <mask> hosts the popular Ghost Nation on MBC, a late-night radio program since 2003. His fans call him "Mawang" (마왕 'the Demon Lord'). On September 16, 2007, <mask> ended Ghost Nation. But he also announced that the broadcasting will be continuously served through the web, but no more broadcasting through MBC. Personal life
He married Yoon Won-hee (윤원희) on September 29, 2002, just before the 2002 election.He released his first jazz album The Songs for the One in 2007, dedicated to his wife and daughter. <mask> was found to be suffering from prosopagnosia, on a TV show (MBC Goldfish) in which he made a guest appearance. After that, he hosted a brand-new TV comedy debate program 100-second Debate (since May 2007), with a similar format of the MBC's 100 Minute Debate. On July 29, 2007, he appeared as a victim (guest) of Lee Kyung-kyu's Hidden Camera. Death
<mask> was treated for gastrointestinal problems by Dr. Kang Se Hoon at Sky Hospital on October 17, 2014. Kang carried out stomach reduction surgery without consent from <mask>. During surgery, Kang punctured <mask>'s upper small intestine and pericardium, which later resulted in peritonitis.After developing a fever, which he was told was normal after surgery, <mask> suffered a heart attack on October 22, and died on October 27 from peritonitis, pericarditis, sepsis, and brain damage due to lack of oxygen. At the urging of friends, <mask>'s family stopped his cremation at short notice and requested an autopsy. In March 2015, Songpa police found that <mask>-chul died from medical malpractice. Kang was struck off the medical register, fined and sentenced to one year in jail. The death of <mask> through malpractice led to a revision of the law in South Korea to allow a state-run agency to help in malpractice cases. The law is referred to as the "Shin Hae-chul Law." Discography

Muhangwedo

Studio albums

As a solo artist

Studio albums

Extended plays

N.EX.T

Books
 <mask>e-chul; Ji Seung-ho (2008).쾌변독설. Buen Libro. <mask>-chul (2014). 마왕 신해철 (Mawang <mask>e-chul). Munhakdongne Publishing Corp.

References

1968 births
2014 deaths
South Korean atheists
South Korean composers
South Korean male singers
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean radio presenters
South Korean pop rock singers
South Korean electronic musicians
South Korean songwriters
South Korean record producers

masks:
Shin Hae chul
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Shin
Shin Hae chul
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Shin Ha
Shin Hae
Shin Ha


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<mask>  <mask> (27 June 1981 – 2 August 2019) was a Polish professional boxer who fought at light heavyweight. Personal life

<mask> was born in Rzeszów, Poland. He married Edyta and they had four children. Boxing titles
WBC Youth Light Heavyweight Title (2004)
WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2005)
IBC Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
(2) WBF Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
WBC Baltic Light Heavyweight Title (2010)
WBA Inter-Continental Light Heavyweight Title (2011)

Scheduled bout against Roy Jones Jr.

<mask> is best remembered in boxing circles for a scheduled bout which never took place. In a major opportunity bout which could have propelled <mask> into the worldwide light heavyweight ratings, Roy Jones was supposed to face <mask> in a 10 round bout at Atlas Arena on 30 June 2012. Days before the fight, <mask> was convicted of being the ringleader of a criminal organization and was imprisoned. Another Polish boxer, Paweł Głażewski stepped in to fight Jones instead.Jones defeated the 17-0 Głażewski by 10 round split decision. <mask> missed the career change of a lifetime by now being able to fight the legendary ex-world champion Jones, who had signed for the bout, who showed up in Poland contractually anyway, and who fought a different Polish contender instead. Escort business and prison
On 31 October 2011, the District Court in Rzeszów sentenced <mask> to 2.5 years in prison for setting up and co-owning a criminal group. From 2003 to 2007 the group conducted three escort agencies. Investigators also accused him of trafficking in amphetamine, but the court acquitted him of the charge. He lodged an appeal. On 10 May 2012 the Court of Appeal upheld the judgment of 2.5 years imprisonment.On 13 August 2014, he was released from prison early. He was subsequently returned to prison again in Warsaw in 2016 for five years after his fifth conviction, for drug trafficking, car theft, running a prostitution escort ring, and income tax evasion. Comeback to ring
After emerging from prison in 2014, <mask> extended his contract by four years with Andrzej Wasilewski, owner of the Poland's Knockout Promotions. <mask>'s comeback attempt ended in failure as he lost an eight round decision to Andrzej Soldra in Krakow Arena in Krakow Poland on 8 November 2014. <mask> never fought again, finishing with a pro record of 39-2 with 25 knockouts. Death
<mask> committed suicide by hanging in a Warsaw prison using bedsheets on 2 August 2019. He was survived by his wife and children.

masks:
Dawid
Kostecki
Kostecki
Dawid Kostecki
Kostecki
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<mask> (born April 15, 1955, San Jose, California, United States) is an American blues, R&B, and rock guitarist and singer. He has been recording since the mid-1990s. His music has taken him from local stages to national and international touring. His popularity was marked by his winning the 2008 Blues Music Award for Entertainer of the Year. According to The Chicago Sun-Times, <mask> plays "Memphis soul-drenched R&B…top-of-the-line blues." Tom Callahan of Blurt added, "<mask> has a soulful voice, searing guitar and is an excellent songwriter and vocalist. If you close your eyes you will be convinced that you are listening to Otis Redding singing in 1967…tremendous."Biography
<mask> began playing guitar at the age of 10 and was influenced and inspired by electric blues, Chicago blues, West Coast blues, soul music, 1960s rock and roll and Southern rock. His style has always been a hybrid of all his favorite genres. He names Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Eric Clapton, B.B. King, Buddy Guy, Elmore James and Freddie King as guitar influences and Ray Charles, Wilson Pickett and James Brown as vocal influences. He began playing professionally in Bay Area cover-song bands in the 1970s. In the 1980s he joined the Warner Bros. Records' band The Dynatones. In San Francisco, he began playing with North Beach musicians in the 1980s.He cited Johnny Nitro and Johnny Ace as early mentors at that stage in his life. Since 1991, he has led his own bands, featuring a drummer, a bass guitar player, and a saxophone player (Keith Crossan has held the saxophone position for many years). As of 2009, he had added trumpeter Tom Poole and keyboards to the band. He was signed to Blind Pig Records label and released Exception to the Rule in late 1996. It won the 1997 Bay Area Music Award for Outstanding Blues Album, and <mask> also took the award for Outstanding Blues Musician that same year. <mask> was also an early adopter of the internet's new graphical web browsers to promote his music. He established his web presence in September 1995, and registered his first domain name in December 1996.In the mid-1990s The <mask> Band served as the house band for three seasons on NBC Television's Comedy Showcase (airing right after Saturday Night Live), bringing him in front of millions of viewers every week. In 2001 and 2002, B.B. King asked <mask> to open his summer concert tours. <mask> received an open invitation to join King on stage for the nightly finale. <mask> has released albums on the Telarc, 33rd Street and Heart And Soul and most recently on the Alligator label, as well as on Blind Pig. His album Guilty of Love featured the last recording session for John Lee Hooker. In 2002 he was featured on the Bo Diddley tribute album Hey Bo Diddley – A Tribute!, performing the song "I Can Tell".In 2007 the readers of BluesWax (online magazine) voted Painkiller as BluesWax album of the year. It also won the 2008 Blues Music Award for Contemporary Blues Album of the Year. In 2009, <mask> joined the roster of Chicago's Alligator Records with his release Hard Believer, produced by John Porter. The album was described by Billboard as "irresistibly funky…it has a street-level grit and a soulful sincerity that's impossible to ignore." Blues Revue said Hard Believer is  "a fine set of roadhouse-rockin' blues.". Blurt says, "Hard Believer might just be the best yet from this veteran Bay Area blues artist." In May 2010, The Blues Foundation awarded <mask> multiple Blues Music Award honors for Blues Male Artist of the Year, Contemporary Blues Album of the Year, B.B.King Entertainer of the Year, and with his band, Band of the Year. In 2011, <mask> stripped down his band to a four-piece unit called the Painkillers with bassist Randy McDonald from the original Tommy <mask> Band, keyboardist James Pace and original Painkillers drummer Byron Cage. 2013's The Devil You Know, was recorded with this line-up plus guest appearances by Marcia Ball, Tab Benoit, Joe Bonamassa, The Holmes Brothers, and Magic Dick. The album was reviewed by Allmusic.com, saying "<mask> brings fiery garage energy to everything. His guitar playing is fired up and roaring with a renewed sharpness that keeps the pot boiling. His voice is a soulful and versatile blue-collar growl. This album is full of the blues, but it's also like a full-charged blue-eyed R&B and soul review, making this one of <mask>'s finest releases."In 2015, recording with long-standing bassist Randy McDonald, keyboard player Mike Emerson (Elvin Bishop, Carlene Carter, James Armstrong, Petty Theft), and drummer Bowen Brown he released, Method To My Madness, which debuted at number four in the Billboard Blues Albums Chart. On September 29, 2017, he released Stompin' Ground (Alligator) again with Painkilllers' bassist Randy McDonald, keyboardist Mike Emerson and drummer Bowen Brown. As on his previous  albums, <mask> had several guests including Charlie Musselwhite (harp and vocals on “Live Every Day”), Mike Zito (guitar and vocals on “Rock Bottom”), Danielle Nicole (vocals on “Soul Shake”), and Los Lobos’ David Hidalgo (guitar and vocals on “Them Changes”). Discography
1994: No Foolin'  [live] (Saloon)
1995: Exception to the Rule (Blind Pig)
1997: Can't Keep a Good Man Down (Blind Pig)
1999: Right as Rain (Blind Pig)
2000: Live at the Fillmore (Blind Pig)
2001: The Essential <mask> (Blind Pig)
2001: Guilty of Love (33rd Street)
2001: Mystic Theater Live (promotional 4-song EP) (33rd Street)
2003: Gratitude (Heart & Soul; now on Oarfin)
2003: Triple Trouble with Jimmy Hall & Lloyd Jones (Telarc)
2005: Soul Shaker (Blind Pig)
2007: Painkiller (Blind Pig)
2008: Command Performance: Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue (Delta Groove)
2009: Hard Believer (Alligator)
2011: <mask> Presents The Legendary Rhythm & Blues Revue - Live! (Alligator)
2012: "Greedy"/"That's All I Got" (7" single) (Alligator)
2014: The Devil You Know (Alligator)
2015: Method To My Madness (Alligator)
2017: Stompin' Ground (Alligator)
2019: Killin' It Live (Alligator)
2021: Tommy Castro Presents A Bluesman Came To Town (Alligator)

References

External links
<mask> Castro Band website

1955 births
Living people
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singers
Musicians from San Jose, California
Soul-blues musicians
Contemporary blues musicians
Guitarists from California
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
Alligator Records artists
Blind Pig Records artists
Telarc Records artists

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<mask>  "<mask>" Freire (born January 21, 1986) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in Bellator's Lightweight division, where he is the current Bellator Lightweight World Champion. Mixed martial arts career

Bellator MMA
After competing in many Brazilian promotions, Freire compiled a 7-1 record before entering the Bellator Season Four Lightweight Tournament. He faced former WEC Lightweight Champion, Rob McCullough at Bellator 36 on March 12, 2011 in the opening round of the tournament. He won via TKO in the third round. Freire went on to face two-time finalist Toby Imada in the semifinal at Bellator 39. Freire defeated Imada via knockout in the first round after landing a brutal flying knee and following up with a flurry of punches which caused Imada to fall to the mat unconscious. The win saw him progress to the final of the tournament where he faced fellow finalist Michael Chandler at Bellator 44.Freire lost via unanimous decision. Freire next faced Kurt Pellegrino at Bellator 59 on November 26, 2011. He won the fight via TKO in the first round. Freire faced Eddie Alvarez at Bellator 76. After a back-and-forth opening minute that saw both fighters rocked, he lost the fight via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Guillaume De Lorenzi in the Bellator 2013 Lightweight Tournament on January 31. Unfortunately, Freire suffered an injury and pulled out of the Lightweight Tournament a few days prior to this fight.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on September 7, 2013 as he faced Derek Anderson at Bellator 98. Despite winning the first round, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. In March 2014, Freire entered into the Bellator Season Ten Lightweight Tournament, where he faced David Rickels in the opening round at Bellator 113. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. In the semifinals, he faced Derek Campos at Bellator 117. Again he won the fight via TKO in the second round. He was scheduled to face Marcin Held in the finals at Bellator 120.However, Held was forced out of the bout due to injury, and the fight was subsequently cancelled. The bout eventually took place at Bellator 126 on September 26, 2014. Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision. After nearly a year away from the sport, Freire returned to face Saad Awad at Bellator 141 on August 28, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision. In the first rematch of his career, Freire faced Derek Anderson for a second time on December 4, 2015 at Bellator 147. He again lost the fight, this time by controversial split decision.Freire replaced an injured Derek Anderson to face Ryan Couture at Bellator 148 on January 29, 2016. He won the bout via knockout in the first round. It was announced that Freire will face Derek Campos for the second time as the Bellator 152 main event. Just four days before their scheduled bout Campos pulled out due to injury and replaced by the newly signed former UFC fighter Kevin Souza. In May 2016, Bellator President Scott Coker announced that Freire would have a rematch against Michael Chandler at Bellator 157 on June 17, 2016. The bout was for the vacant Bellator Lightweight Championship, which was vacated when champion Will Brooks was released from the promotion. Freire lost the fight via knockout in the first round.Freire returned to the Bellator cage on February 18, 2017 in the main event at Bellator 172 against Josh Thomson. He won the fight via knockout in the second round. Freire was expected to face Derek Campos for a second time at Bellator 167 on December 3, 2016, however Freire was forced out of the bout due to an injury. The rematch was scheduled to take place at Bellator 181 on July 14, 2017. However, Freire instead faced Benson Henderson at Bellator 183 on September 23, 2017. He won the fight by split decision. Freire is facing a 180-day medical suspension, unless he gets physician clearance regarding right rib pain.Freire faced Derek Campos in a rematch at Bellator 194 on February 16, 2018. He won the fight via TKO in round one. Freire faced Roger Huerta on September 21, 2018 at Bellator 205. He won the fight via knockout. Bellator booked Freire against newcomer Ryan Scope for their first show in the Bellator Europe series that marked the start of the organization's partnership with Channel 5 and Sky Sports. The event was called Bellator Newcastle and took place on February 11th. Despite rupturing a tendon in his right wrist on the first round of the fight, Freire won by split decision.On February 20, 2019, Bellator announced that Freire had signed a multi-year, multi-fight contract extension with the organization. Rizin FF
Due to his brother being the prevailing Bellator Lightweight champion, <mask> decided to take part in Rizin FF Lightweight tournament. In the first round of the tournament, Freire faced Tatsuya Kawajiri at Rizin 19 on October 12, 2019. He won the fight via knockout in the first round. In the semifinals of the grand prix Freire faced Luiz Gustavo at Rizin 20 - Saitama on December 31, 2019. Freire won the fight via a first minute knockout and advanced to the grand prix final. The 2019 Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix final was held in the same event with the semifinals.Despite Musayev receiving a yellow card in the second card, Freire lost the fight via unanimous decision after being knocked down and largely dominated in every round. Post-Rizin GP
In the first fight after the Rizin Lightweight Grand Prix, Freire was expected to headline Bellator Dublin 2 against Peter Queally on October 3, 2020. However, Queally was forced to withdraw from the bout due to a hand injury. Freire was subsequently rebooked to face Jaleel Willis two weeks later at Bellator 249 on October 15, 2020. In turn, this bout was cancelled the day of the event when the Mohegan Tribal Athletic Commission deemed Freire unable to compete due to what was termed an undisclosed medical issue. Freire faced Peter Queally at Bellator 258 on May 7, 2021. After sustaining a cut on his forehead from an elbow while Queally was on the bottom, the doctor stopped the fight between rounds after the cutman was unable to stop the bleeding.Freire rematched Peter Queally at Bellator 270 on November 5, 2021. On October 6, 2021, <mask>'s younger brother and Bellator MMA Lightweight Champion Patrício <mask> announced he vacated the title and that the rematch with Queally would be for the Bellator MMA Lightweight Championship. Freire won the bout via second round technical knockout to become Bellator Lightweight World Champion.

masks: Patricky Pitbull Patricky Patricky Pitbull


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<mask> (; born March 31, 1980) is a Taiwanese former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the New York Yankees, Washington Nationals, Toronto Blue Jays and Kansas City Royals. He also played for the Taiwan national baseball team, and is the current assistant pitching coach for CTBC Brothers. <mask> signed as an amateur free agent with the Yankees in 2000. After working his way up the Yankees' minor league system for several seasons, he made his MLB debut in 2005. With his hard sinker, he was one of the best starting pitchers for the Yankees in 2006 and 2007, winning 19 games in both seasons and leading the American League in that category in 2006. He suffered a foot injury in 2008 that limited his appearances and effectiveness, and a series of arm injuries cost him most of the 2009 season and all of 2010.<mask> returned to major leagues with the Washington Nationals in 2011, starting 21 games over two seasons while again spending time on the disabled list. He signed with the Yankees in 2013 but was released without pitching in the major leagues, then signed with the Toronto Blue Jays and made six starts with limited effectiveness. He pitched for minor league teams in several organizations in 2014 and 2015. In 2016, he returned to the major leagues as a relief pitcher with the Kansas City Royals. <mask> was the third major leaguer from Taiwan, following Dodgers outfielder Chin-Feng Chen, and Rockies pitcher Chin-Hui Tsao. Minor league career
<mask> rose through the New York Yankees minor league system, including the Single-A Staten Island Yankees, who retired his #41 in 2006. <mask> posted a 1.75 ERA for Staten Island, second-lowest in franchise history.He played for the World Team in the All-Star Futures Game in 2003. In 2005, <mask> was called up from the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Columbus Clippers. In 2013, <mask> came back to the Yankees' Triple-A affiliate, the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders. Major league career

New York Yankees

2005–2007

<mask> made his MLB debut on April 30, 2005, against the Toronto Blue Jays, pitching seven strong innings while allowing only two earned runs. He earned a no-decision in the Yankees' 4–3 win. <mask> pitched in 18 games, though an injury kept him sidelined for part of the season. He went 8–5 with an earned run average of 4.02.On September 19, 2005, <mask> tied a record for assists in a game by a pitcher with nine. In the playoffs against the Angels, <mask> pitched 6 innings and allowed four runs, only one of which was earned. The Yankees lost the game and the series. In 2006, <mask> won 19 games (tied for the most in the majors along with Johan Santana) and posted a 3.63 ERA in 218 innings across 34 games (33 starts). He picked up his first save on June 3 against the Baltimore Orioles in his only non-starting appearance. <mask> also threw two complete games, though the first, on June 18, was bittersweet: against the Washington Nationals, he allowed a one-out, two-run, walk-off home run by Ryan Zimmerman to lose the game 3–2. His first complete-game win was on July 28, 2006, a two-hit, 6–0 shutout of the Tampa Bay Devil Rays at Yankee Stadium.In his next start, he threw eight shutout innings against the Toronto Blue Jays, in which he got an outstanding 16 ground ball outs. <mask> was particularly strong in the second half of the season, winning 10 of his 14 starts and posting a 3.13 ERA in 92 innings. He was selected to start the first game of the Division Series against the Detroit Tigers, earning the win as the Yankees beat Detroit 8–4. Overall in 2006, <mask> limited batters to a .211 batting average while games were tied, and a .205 batting average in games that were late and close. The Tampa Bay Devil Rays batted just .159 against him, losing three out of four games to the Yankees that <mask> pitched. <mask> was effective despite the lowest strikeout rate in the majors (3.14 strikeouts per nine innings and 76 strikeouts overall), thanks in part to his allowing the fewest home runs per nine innings (0.5; he allowed just 12 home runs overall). <mask> also led the league in ground ball percentage (62.8%) and obtained 2.84 groundouts for every fly ball out.At the end of the season, <mask> finished second to Johan Santana in voting for the Cy Young Award. <mask> collected 15 second-place votes, and 51 points. He also received a ninth-place vote, good for two points, in the AL MVP balloting, won by Justin Morneau. In MLB.com's This Year in Baseball Awards, he was chosen as the top starter in 2006 season with more than 47% of the fan vote. <mask> began the 2007 season on the disabled list, having injured his right hamstring during spring training. He returned on April 24 against Tampa Bay. On May 5, 2007, <mask> pitched 7 perfect innings before giving up a home run to Ben Broussard of the Seattle Mariners, falling five outs short of a perfect game.On June 17, 2007, <mask> had a superb outing versus the New York Mets, in which he threw 113 pitches through 8 and 2/3 innings, notched 10 strikeouts (a career high) and gave up just two runs on six hits. On August 30, <mask> took a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox into the seventh inning before giving up a single to Mike Lowell. Rookies Joba Chamberlain and Edwar Ramírez finished the two-hitter, and the Yankees beat the Red Sox 5–0. In 2007, <mask> was second in the AL in wins (19), third for the second straight year in win–loss percentage (.731), ninth in wild pitches (9), and 10th in hit batsmen (8). He had a perfect 1.000 fielding percentage. He also had the lowest HR/9 innings pitched ratio in the AL (0.41; in  innings he allowed just nine home runs), was third in GB% (58.5%) and GB/FB (2.51), and had the fifth-lowest strikeouts per 9 innings pitched (4.70, and 104 strikeouts overall). Despite his regular season performance, <mask> faltered in the 2007 postseason.In the American League Division Series against the Cleveland Indians, <mask> started two games, earning the loss in both appearances. He pitched a combined 5 and 2/3 innings, giving up 12 earned runs, for a postseason ERA of 19.06. The Yankees lost the ALDS in four games. 2008–2009
The beginning of the 2008 season saw <mask> at the top of the Yankees rotation and the ace with veterans Mike Mussina and Andy Pettitte. In the final Yankee Stadium season opener against the Toronto Blue Jays, <mask> pitched 7.0 innings, allowing only two runs and picking up his first win of the season. In his first start against the Boston Red Sox in 2008, he pitched a one-run, two-hit complete game. On April 22, 2008, <mask> recorded a win against the Chicago White Sox at U.S. Cellular Field.The victory, in <mask>'s 85th career start, made him the fastest Major Leaguer to record 50 wins as a starter since Dwight Gooden, who won his 50th game in his 82nd start on June 29, 1986, at Chicago for the New York Mets. <mask> also became the quickest Yankee to 50 wins since Ron Guidry, who accomplished this in his 82nd start. <mask> finished April with a perfect 5–0 record, leading the American League along with Joe Saunders. On May 2, <mask> became the first six-game winner in the American League with a win over the Seattle Mariners with just one earned run over six innings. On May 8, Cliff Lee of the Cleveland Indians beat <mask> 3–0, handing <mask> his first loss of the season. During this loss, <mask> allowed three runs and five hits in seven innings. On June 10, after going six starts with two losses and four no decisions since May 2, <mask> defeated the Oakland Athletics 3–1 to end the longest victory drought of his career.Through 2008, <mask> had the third highest winning percentage of all starting pitchers over the last three years (46–15, .754). On June 15, <mask> was taken out of an interleague game versus the Houston Astros due to a right foot injury he sustained while running the bases, something he was not used to doing, since pitchers do not bat in the American League. <mask> was diagnosed with a torn Lisfranc ligament of the right foot and a partial tear of the peroneus longus of the right foot. Despite not requiring surgery, he was on crutches and wearing a protective boot. The cast was removed on July 29, but the extensive rehabilitation process prevented <mask> from pitching for the remainder of the season. Yankees' part-owner Hank Steinbrenner showed frustration with pitchers having to bat in the National League and suggested that the League  "join the modern age". On December 22, 2008, <mask> and the New York Yankees avoided salary arbitration when they agreed to a $5 million, one-year contract.<mask> made $4 million in the 2008 season after losing in salary arbitration. He had asked for $4.6 million. On April 3, 2009, <mask> became the first Yankees' starting and the first game winning pitcher of the new Yankee Stadium in the stadium opener exhibition game against Chicago Cubs. His regular season began with an extraordinarily bad performance. In his first start of the regular season, <mask> gave up seven earned runs and nine hits in 3.2 innings against the Baltimore Orioles. That was followed by a one-inning appearance against the Tampa Bay Rays when he surrendered eight earned runs in just one inning. In his third start, against the Cleveland Indians in New York on April 18, <mask> was credited for eight more earned runs in 1.1 innings; Cleveland won the game 22–4.After his first three appearances, <mask> was 0–3 with a whopping 34.50 ERA. There was speculation that the right foot injury <mask> sustained during the 2008 season caused him to compensate with the rest of his pitching motion, leading to his 2009 struggles. Following the April 18 game manager Joe Girardi said, "We have some time. We have a day off, I think Thursday, and we're going to have to decide what's best for Chien-<mask> and the team." On April 22, General Manager Brian Cashman, at a Q&A at Southern Connecticut State University, confirmed <mask>'s release point was five inches higher than the same time the previous season. After being removed from the rotation and sent down to Tampa to work out mechanical issues, <mask> was diagnosed with weakness in the muscles of both hips and placed on the disabled list. He was activated from the disabled list on May 22, 2009, and on his first day on the active roster, he was brought in from the bullpen.After two more relief appearances, <mask> went back to the rotation, but he struggled once again in his first and second starts back. On June 28, <mask> earned his first win of the season, also his first since June 15, 2008, giving up two runs over 5.1 innings against the New York Mets. <mask> was placed on the disabled list on July 15, 2009, due to shoulder soreness. He was then eliminated for the remainder of the season after undergoing shoulder surgery on July 30, 2009. After the Yankees won the 2009 World Series against the Philadelphia Phillies, <mask> participated in the championship parade through the Canyon of Heroes, but acknowledged it "would have been more fun" if he had been healthy. On December 12, 2009, the Yankees made the choice not to re-sign him, making him a free agent. Washington Nationals

2010–2012

On February 19, 2010, the Washington Nationals announced they had signed <mask> as a free agent to a $2 million deal (plus up to $3 million in incentives).In June, it was thought that <mask> would return to the majors in late July or early August. However, <mask>'s rehabilitation had been inconsistent, and there was no timetable for his return to the majors. In September, the Nationals acknowledged

masks:
Chien Ming Wang
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 that <mask> would not pitch in the majors at all during the season, but instead was preparing for the instructional leagues in the fall. <mask> was non-tendered after the 2010 season. On December 16, 2010, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $1 million contract with $4 million worth of potential performance incentives. After continuing his injury rehabilitation, he began a formal rehab assignment on June 27 with the Nationals' Class A farm team, the Hagerstown Suns, pitching three innings, allowing two earned runs while striking out three and walking none. Although his velocity topped out at around 90 mph, it mostly sat between 86 and 88 mph.In his second start, on July 2 with the high-A Potomac Nationals, <mask> pitched four shutout innings, and allowed two walks while striking out two. 63% of his 38 pitches were strikes while his velocity hit 91 mph in his final inning of work. Following a July 24 start for the Triple-A Syracuse Chiefs, <mask> made his Nationals debut on July 29. <mask> ended the season with 11 starts, recorded 4–3 with a 4.04 ERA. He also made his first hit and first RBI in the majors in his final start of the season on September 24 against the Atlanta Braves' starting pitcher Brandon Beachy. On October 30, 2011, <mask> was granted free agency. Five days later on November 4, <mask> re-signed with the Nationals to a one-year, $4 million contract.On March 15, 2012, <mask> sustained an injury to his left hamstring, placing him on the DL. On May 25, <mask> pitched in the majors for the first time since going on the disabled list. He went three innings in his first win that season. <mask> then replaced Ross Detwiler in the team's starting rotation. In just four starts, <mask> went 1–3 with an ERA of 6.10 and 11 strikeouts. On September 23, <mask> hit the first career double against Milwaukee Brewers' starting pitcher Yovani Gallardo. Minor league stint with the Yankees

On March 22, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees.According to his agents and Taiwan's EETV, his minors contract is worth US$35,000 per month, but could worth up to $2.5 million per year, with an extra $2.2 million in bonuses. However, if he did not secure a major league contract by the end of April, he had the option to revert to free-agent status. <mask> opted out of his contract on June 7, 2013. Toronto Blue Jays

<mask> signed a one-year, $500,000 deal with the Toronto Blue Jays on June 9, 2013. He was added to the Blue Jays' roster on June 11, making his first pitching appearance as a starter against the Chicago White Sox. Toronto Blue Jays general manager Alex Anthopoulos said that the team guaranteed <mask> one start, and would decide on further appearances based on the result of his first start. <mask> earned his first win as a Blue Jay in a game against the Texas Rangers on June 16, pitching seven shutout innings.The win gave the Blue Jays their first four-game sweep in the 2013 season, and the first four-game sweep of the Rangers in Arlington in Blue Jays franchise history. From June 11, the date <mask> was added to their roster, to June 23, the Blue Jays went on an 11-game winning streak. <mask> started three games during the streak, pitching at least six innings in each and compiling an ERA of 2.18. <mask> followed up his successful streak by starting two games in which he was unable to make it out of the second inning. On June 27, <mask> pitched 1 innings against the Boston Red Sox and surrendered six hits and seven earned runs. On July 2, he also pitched only 1 innings and gave up eight hits and six earned runs to the Detroit Tigers. After the Tigers game, Blue Jays manager John Gibbons announced that <mask> had been designated for assignment.<mask> was reported to be willing to accept an assignment to Triple-A Buffalo and was outrighted to Buffalo on July 5. <mask> was added to the Blue Jays roster again on August 24, and designated for assignment on August 26. After clearing waivers, he was again outrighted to the Buffalo Bisons. He became a free agent on October 1. Return to the minor leagues
On December 19, 2013, <mask> signed a minor league contract with an invitation to spring training with the Cincinnati Reds. He began the 2014 season with the Louisville Bats of the International League, but opted out of his deal on July 13. <mask> signed a minor league contract with the White Sox on July 17, and pitched for the Charlotte Knights of the International League.During the 2014–15 offseason, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves. The Braves assigned <mask> to the Gwinnett Braves of the International League. In 10 starts and one relief appearance, <mask> had a 2–6 record with an ERA of 6.10, while surrendering the most hits in Triple-A up to the month of June. He was released on June 19. <mask> signed with the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, and independent baseball league, on June 24. He made three starts for the Blue Crabs, winning all three and pitching to a 2.49 ERA. On July 12, 2015, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners.They assigned him to the Tacoma Rainiers of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. Kansas City Royals

On January 7, 2016, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals. After a strong spring training, he made the Royals' opening day roster for the 2016 season as a relief pitcher. On April 9, 2016, <mask> threw a scoreless ninth inning in a 7–0 victory against the Minnesota Twins. This was his first major league game since August 25, 2013. <mask> pitched for the Royals 38 times for  innings over the year, going 6–0 with a 4.22 ERA. He went on the disabled list with right biceps tendinitis on August 31 and was designated for assignment on September 17, 2016.He was released on September 22. National baseball team

<mask> pitched for the Chinese Taipei national baseball team in the 2002 Asian Games. In 2004, as the ace of the staff, <mask> led Taiwan to the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens. Against Australia, he allowed just three hits with no walks, and at one point retired nine batters in a row, to earn the win. He also limited Japan to just five hits in the first six innings. After being called up to the American major leagues, <mask> was idolized in Taiwan where all of his games were televised nationwide, many on public big screens to large audiences. Because of this popularity, he was named one of the Time 100 for 2007.At the 2013 World Baseball Classic, <mask> started for the Taiwan team's opener against Australia and threw 6 shut out innings for the win. In the second round, <mask> pitched six impressive scoreless innings against Japan, but was left with a no-decision when Japan rallied to win in the 10th inning. Coaching career
<mask> joined the Fubon Guardians of Taiwan's Chinese Professional Baseball League in June 2018 as a guest coach. He remained with the team through the 2019 season. In 2020, <mask> became the pitching coach for the CTBC Brothers, and focused particularly on pitching prospects on the Brothers' farm team. During the offseason in 2021, the Brothers announced that <mask> had signed a new contract, and agreed to remain with the team as coach for three years. Scouting report
During his prime, <mask> was a finesse pitcher with a power pitcher's velocity.In this period, he primarily relied on his power sinker along with the occasional four-seam fastball, slider, changeup, and splitter. His sinker, which was responsible for his elevation to ace status before his foot injury, had very impressive lateral movement and was thrown at greater than average velocity, sitting in the 91–94 mph range. Before his first shoulder injury, he also had a curveball until he was encouraged to opt for a sinker instead. By 2016, after a long recovery process, <mask>'s sinker had returned to the 89-93 mph range, with a top speed of 95 mph. His strikeout pitch is an average slider that closely resembles the fastball coming out of his hand, thus getting batters to swing ahead of the pitch. <mask> also throws a split-finger fastball, though he only uses the pitch sparsely when in need of a strikeout or double play. <mask>'s pitching style is characterized by efficiency, command of the strike zone, few walks, few home runs allowed but also records very few strikeouts.<mask> works quickly and uses his ground-ball inducing sinker to produce many double plays. This efficiency often allows <mask> to maintain a low pitch count deep into games. In Taiwan and the minor leagues, <mask> threw a more conventional assortment of pitches, including a four-seam fastball, a changeup, and far more splitters. The sinker, which has become <mask>'s signature pitch, was developed during his minor league career with advice from Neil Allen, his Triple-A pitching coach, and his Triple-A catcher, Sal Fasano. Prior to the 2008 season, <mask> relied on his sinking fastball about 90% of the time. However, after occasional bad outings, especially during the 2007 ALDS, <mask> has worked to fully incorporate a slider and changeup into his repertoire. Through his first three starts of 2008, <mask> used his slider roughly 20% of the time and his changeup around 8%.Personal life
In a 2006 The New York Times interview, <mask> revealed that he is the biological child of the man he formerly thought was his uncle. Due to the media frenzy created in Taiwan over this, he briefly refused to give interviews to Taiwanese media. <mask> has also been taught basic English. He has resided in Fort Lee, New Jersey and Edgewater, New Jersey. <mask> is married to Chia-Ling Wu. The couple has two sons, J.J., born 2009, and Wellington, born 2013. On April 23, 2012, <mask> admitted to having an extramarital affair while he was recovering from a shoulder injury in 2009.In the summer of 2011, <mask>'s biological maternal grandfather, a man surnamed Huang, 82, committed suicide in a park in Tainan, Taiwan by hanging himself with a piece of electrical cord, according to a news report in the Taipei Times. <mask> often visited this maternal grandfather when he returned to Taiwan from time to time. A documentary about <mask>, Late Life: The Chien-<mask> Story, debuted in theaters in October 2018. See also
 List of Major League Baseball players from Taiwan
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders

References

External links

1980 births
Living people
American League wins champions
Asian Games medalists in baseball
Asian Games silver medalists for Chinese Taipei
Baseball players at the 2002 Asian Games
Baseball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Charlotte Knights players
Columbus Clippers players
Expatriate baseball players in Canada
Gulf Coast Yankees players
Hagerstown Suns players
Harrisburg Senators players
Louisville Bats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Taiwan
Medalists at the 2002 Asian Games
New York Yankees players
Baseball players from Tainan
People from Edgewater, New Jersey
People from Fort Lee, New Jersey
Potomac Nationals players
Kansas City Royals players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Yankees players
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs players
Staten Island Yankees players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tacoma Rainiers players
Taiwanese expatriate baseball players in the United States
Taiwanese expatriates in Canada
Tampa Yankees players
Toronto Blue Jays players
Trenton Thunder players
Washington Nationals players
2013 World Baseball Classic players
Olympic baseball players of

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<mask>, King of Lochlann was a key figure in the emergence of Norse influence in Scotland and one of the early Kings of the Isles and of that dominated the Irish Sea and environs in the Early Middle Ages. Very little is known of him, including his origins and the nature of his kingdom, although his descendants are well attested in the Irish annals. Speculative connections between these historical figures and characters from the Norse sagas have also been made. Life
The Fragmentary Annals of Ireland record of Amlaib Conung that in 871 he:went from Erin to Lochlann to wage war on the Lochlanns, and to aid his father <mask>h, for the Lochlanns had made war against him, his father having come for him.Ó Corráin (1998), p. 34. Frustratingly, the text continues:

 Since it would be lengthy to tell the cause of their war, and since it has so little relevance to us, although we have knowledge of it, we forego writing it, for our task is to write about whatever concerns Ireland, and not even all of that; for the Irish suffer evils not only from the Norwegians, but they also suffer many evils from themselves. These annals also note that in 849:  the sixth year of the reign of Máel Sechlainn, Amlaib Conung, son of the king of Lochlann, came to Ireland, and he
brought with him a proclamation of many tributes and taxes from his father, and he departed suddenly. Then his younger brother Imar came after him to levy the same tribute.This source is then clear that Amlaib is the son of <mask>, king of Lochlann, although the location of "Lochlann" is the subject of some dispute. This word is often translated as "Norway" although Ó Corráin (1998) argues that Lochlann "is Viking Scotland and probably includes Man" at this time and suggests an early date for an organised Kingdom of the Isles. The Fragmentary Annals record little else about <mask>'s life but report of 873:Ég righ Lochlainne .i. Gothfraid do tedmaimm grána opond. Sic quod placuit Deo. (The death of the king of Lochlann i.e. Gothfraid of a sudden and horrible fit.So it pleased God.) However, according to Downham (2007) "none of these details can be relied upon" as "there is no contemporary evidence to support the statement that [Amlaib's] father was called <mask>", the Fragmentary Annals having been compiled at an uncertain date, possibly as early as the 11th century. Neither is the dating of the Annals definitive. Nonetheless, Ó Corráin (1998) argues of 873 that "this is no chronological impossibility: his sons first appeared in Ireland 25 years before, very likely in their twenties or younger, and we may infer from this that he may have been in his sixties when he died." He also states that "it is likely that the father of Amlaíb (Óláfr) and Ímar (Ívarr) is Gothfraidh (Guðrøðr) and that he is a historical person and dynastic ancestor." Predecessors
The Fragmentary Annals note of a date c. 871–872 that "In this year, i.e. the tenth year of the reign of Áed Findliath, Imar son of Gothfraid son of Ragnall son of Gothfraid Conung son of <mask>id and the son of the man who left Ireland, i.e.Amlaib, plundered from west to east, and from south to north." This suggests an ancestry for <mask>id but according to Ó Corráin this reference to "his genealogical ascent is a construct without historical value" and attempts to link the Kings of Lochlann with historical figures in Norway have not proven to be satisfactory. Alfred Smyth identifies Amlaib as Olaf Geirstad-Alf of Vestfold, which would make <mask>id identical to Gudrød the Hunter, grandfather of Harald Fairhair. However Ó Corráin maintains that there is "no good historical or linguistic evidence to link Lothlend/Laithlind with Norway, and none to link the dynasty of Dublin to the shadowy history of the Ynglings of Vestfold." Descendants

In addition to Amlaib Conung, <mask>id had at least two other children, Amlaib's brothers Ímar, the eponymous founder of the Uí Ímair, and Óisle. The Annals of Ulster also note that there was a king of "Laithlinne" whose heir, Thórir, brought an army to Ireland in 848 and who died there in battle. Although there is no specific suggestion that this king was <mask>id this is only the year before the Fragmentary Annals first record of Amlaib as the king's son.According to the Fragmentary Annals c. 867: There was an encounter between Óisle, son of the king of Norway, and Amlaib, his brother. The king had three sons: Amlaib, Imar, and Óisle. Óisle was the least of them in age, but he was the greatest in valor, for he outshone the Irish in casting javelins and in strength with spears. He outshone the Norwegians in strength with swords and in shooting arrows. His brothers loathed him greatly, and Amlaib the most; the causes of the hatred are not told because of their length. The two brothers, Amlaib and Imar, went to consult about the matter of the young lad Óisle; although they had hidden reasons for killing him, they did not bring these up, but instead they brought up other causes for which they ought to kill him; and afterwards they decided to kill him. When Óisle visited Amlaib the former said: 'Brother, if your wife, i.e.the daughter of Cináed, does not love you, why not give her to me, and whatever you have lost by her, I shall give to you.' When Amlaib heard that, he was seized with great jealousy, and he drew his sword, and struck it into the head of Óisle, his brother, so that he killed him. After that all rose up to fight each other (i.e. the followers of the king, Amlaib, and the followers of the brother who had been killed there); then there were trumpets and battle-cries on both sides. In 870 Dumbarton was besieged by Amlaib Conung and Ímar, "the two kings of the Northmen", who "returned to Dublin from Britain" the following year with numerous captives. <mask>id may have been succeeded briefly by Ímar who also died in 873. His death is recorded in the Annals of Ulster: Imhar rex Nordmannorum totius Hibernię & Brittanie uitam finiuit (Ímar king of the Norwegian Vikings of the whole of Ireland and Britain ended his life.)Amlaíb died either the following year campaigning in Scotland,Ó Corráin (1998), p. 35. or perhaps prior to 872. The matter of <mask>id's descendants and antecedents is subject to some ambiguity based on differing interpretations of these siblings and their connections to legendary figures from the Norse sagas. Ímar
The descendants of Ímar include his grandson Ragnall ua Ímair, who was a ruler of Northumbria and Mann (and who may have been the historical prototype of Rognvald Eysteinsson of the Orkneyinga Saga), Sitric Cáech (d. 927) who was a King of Dublin and of York, his successor Amlaíb Cuarán and probably the later Crovan dynasty of Mann and thus of Clann Somhairle, the rulers of Argyll and their descendants the Clan Donald Lords of the Isles. Ímar has also been identified as the saga character Ivar the Boneless.Ó Corráin (1979), p. 296. The latter is referred to in late 11th century Icelandic saga material as a son of the powerful Ragnar Lodbrok. This Ivar had 11 brothers including Halfdan Ragnarsson and Ubba (but not including an Amlaib or Óisle) and is also believed to have died childless. Nor is there any indication in the Irish annals that Ragnar Lodbrok had any Irish connections.Amlaib
Amlaib had two sons, Oistin (d. 875) and Carlus (d. 868). Unlike Ímar, no later descendants are recorded but like his brother, he has also been identified as a saga character — Olaf the White.Crawford (1987), p. 192. This Olaf married Aud the Deep-Minded, daughter of Ketil Flatnose and they had a son, Thorstein the Red, whose name is similar to the Irish "Oistin". However, Aud does not appear in the Irish sources and there are various problems with the connection. For example, the Landnámabók has Olaf killed in battle in Ireland, but no Irish source refers to the battle and the Chronicle of the Kings of Alba has Amlaib dying in Pictavia at the hands of Causantín mac Cináeda. The connection has "frequently been proposed and frequently been rejected". References
Notes

Footnotes

General references
 Adam of Bremen.Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum in Francis J. Tschan (tr.) (1959) History of the Archbishops of Hamburg–Bremen. New York. Crawford, Barbara E. (1987) Scandinavian Scotland. Leicester University Press. Downham, Clare (2007) Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014. Edinburgh.Dunedin Academic Press. Etchingham, Colman "The location of historical Laithlinn/Lochla(i)nn: Scotland or Scandinavia?" in Ó Flaithearta, Mícheál (ed.) (2007) Proceedings of the Seventh Symposium of Societas Celtologica Nordica. University of Uppsala. Fragmentary Annals of Ireland. CELT.Translation by Joan Newlon Radner (c.1977). Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (Mar 1979) "High-Kings, Vikings and Other Kings". Irish Historical Studies 22 No. 83 pp. 283–323. Irish Historical Studies Publications.Ó Corráin, Donnchadh (1998) Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century CELT. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Ó Corráin, Donnchadh "General: The Vikings in Ireland" (pdf) CELT. Retrieved 21 December 2008. Published in Brink, Stefan (ed.) (2008) The Viking World. London.Routledge. O'Donovan, John (translator) Annals of Ireland. (1860) Three fragments, copied from ancient sources by Dubhaltach MacFirbisigh; and edited, with a translation and notes, from a manuscript preserved in the Burgundian Library at Brussels. Dublin Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Smyth, Alfred P., (1989) Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland 80–1000 AD. Edinburgh University Press.Todd, James Henthorn (translator) (1867) Cogad Gaedel re Gallaib: The War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill. London: Longmans, Green, Reader & Dyer. Woolf, Alex (2005) "The origins and ancestry of Somerled: <mask> mac Fergusa and The Annals of the Four Masters" (pdf) in Mediaeval Scandinavia 15'''. Woolf, Alex "The Age of the Sea-Kings: 900–1300" in Omand, Donald (ed.) (2006) The Argyll Book''. Edinburgh. Birlinn.9th-century births
9th century in Scotland
9th-century rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles
9th-century rulers in Europe
Lochlann
Uí Ímair
870s deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death uncertain

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<mask> (born 21 September 1962) is an English television presenter, writer and musical artist. He is best known for his presenting roles on the BBC, including game shows Who Dares Wins (2007–2019), Break the Safe (2013–2014) and 5-Star Family Reunion (2015–2016). <mask> presents the DIY series DIY SOS (1999–present) for BBC One and co-presented the daytime series Real Rescues (2007–2013). Early life
<mask> was born in Southall, Middlesex. At the age of 11, <mask> moved to Mildenhall in Suffolk, attending St Louis Middle School and moved again, attended Gunnersbury Catholic School for Boys. After another family move, he attended the Skinners' School in Tunbridge Wells, Kent. Leaving school at 16, he had a variety of dead-end jobs, labouring on building sites, working in a petrol station and selling shoes and carpets.He played in bands from the age of 14 and was constantly writing music, poetry and comedy, until he submitted a script to a BBC2 programme that invited children to make a video. Career

Television
<mask> began as a runner in television production, before moving into presenting. <mask> was a reporter for TVS in the South East, reporting on the nightly news programme Coast To Coast, mostly covering upbeat reports, until TVS lost its contract in 1992. In the early 1990s, he presented a show called Ridge Riders for ITV. This featured a celebrity and another one or two guests riding classic motorcycles along off-road tracks around the UK. The viewer was treated to historic and local information about the locality as well as informal chats with the celebrity. <mask> appeared as a member of Channel 5's  chat show 5's Company between 1997 and 1999.He is principally known as the main host of DIY SOS, a home renovation series broadcast on BBC One since 1999, and has presented the BBC factual show Real Rescues since 2007. <mask> has also hosted several entertainment programmes for the BBC since signing an exclusive contract with them, including Who Dares Wins, Last Choir Standing, Guesstimation, Secret Fortune and Perfection. <mask> has also presented programmes with a wildlife theme. In 2007, he fronted Mission Africa, in which a team of volunteers constructed a game reserve in Kenya. During this project, <mask> fell from a Land Rover, dislocating his shoulder. He flew back to the UK to receive emergency treatment. In the same year, he reported on the plight of orphaned orangutans for an edition of Saving Planet Earth.In 2009, <mask> co-presented the BBC reality TV series Wildest Dreams with James Honeyborne, in which novice candidates had to complete a set of challenging tasks filming wild animals in Africa. The winner joined the BBC Natural History Unit on a one-year placement. From 2011 to 2015, <mask> was the presenter of the BBC game show Perfection, in which the candidates must achieve absolute perfection to win the jackpot, aired weekdays on BBC One. From 2013 to 2014, he presented the BBC National Lottery game show Break the Safe. In 2015, <mask> began presenting a new BBC One National Lottery game show 5-Star Family Reunion, which returned for a second series in 2016. In May 2016, <mask> presented Invictus: The Road to the Games, a one-off programme for the BBC. <mask> earned between £300,000 and £349,999 as a BBC presenter for the financial year 2016–2017.In 2018 he participated in the eighteenth series of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out Of Here!, finishing in sixth place, after being voted out on 6 December. In May 2021, it was reported that <mask> was holding talks with the BBC regarding his role as the main host of DIY SOS due to his appearance in a Shreddies TV advert which violated BBC's commercial agreements and guidelines. A week later, the BBC announced that they had resolved the issue and <mask> will return to his DIY SOS role with filming to resume in the coming months and is expected to be back on screens in 2022. During August-September 2021, <mask> will present the Channel 5 series <mask>' Big House Clearout. Film
<mask> was a co-writer on the film Golden Years, which stars Simon Callow, Virginia McKenna and Una Stubbs. The film was released in the UK on 28 April 2016. Music
He released his first and last music album, Every Kind Of People, on 3 November 2017.The album entered UK Albums Chart at No. 92. Personal life
<mask> married his first wife in the 1990s. After separating from her, he lived with presenter Suzi Perry until September 2003, after meeting on set whilst shooting City Hospital for the BBC in 2000. He dated his second wife Jessica Rose Moor from 2009 and they married in September 2012. In November 2013, <mask> and his wife Jessica opened an antiques shop and home design consultancy in Eton, Berkshire. <mask> plays rugby.He has been a vegan for a number of years, and, in 2016, became involved with a Shrewsbury-based vegan restaurant called O'Joy. The restaurant closed in November 2017. <mask> has four children. His brother has a record company and his three sisters all became dancers. In 2018 <mask> was reported to be living in Spain. In June 2019, <mask> was issued with a six-month driving ban and fined £1,480 for speeding and using a mobile phone whilst driving. Speaking outside the court in Cheltenham, he said: "For me, this was a wake-up call, and putting my phone in the boot of my car now stops the temptation."<mask> has been a regular supporter of the children's anti-bullying charity Act Against Bullying. He sang "Addicted to Love" for Children in Need 2008. Filmography

Television

Film

Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Music videos

References

External links
  – official site

1962 births
Living people
English expatriates in Spain
English game show hosts
English television presenters
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV series) participants
People educated at The Skinners' School
People from Southall
Television personalities from London

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Nicholas Simon Augustine Knowles
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is a Japanese curler from Kitami, Hokkaido. As a skip, she has won the Japanese national championship six times. Fujisawa skipped the bronze medal-winning Japanese team at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games and the silver medal-winning team at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She is currently the skip of the Loco Solare curling team. Career
<mask>'s junior career began with a championship at the 2008 Pacific Junior Curling Championships over China's Sun Yue. This qualified her and her Japanese team for the 2008 World Junior Curling Championships, where they finished seventh with a 3–6 record. Fujisawa defended her Pacific Junior title by winning the 2009 Pacific Junior Curling Championships defeating China's Liu Jinli in the final.At the 2009 World Junior Curling Championships, she skipped Japan to a last place (10th) finish and a 2–7 record. In 2011, Fujisawa played in her first non-junior international event, skipping for Japan at the 2011 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She placed fourth at the event, finishing with a 2–6 record. Fujisawa won her first World Curling Tour event in 2012 by winning the 2012 Shamrock Shotgun over the South Korean national team, skipped by Kim Eun-jung. Later that year, she skipped Japan to a silver medal at the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. Later in the season, she skipped the Japanese women's team to a seventh place finish at the 2013 World Women's Curling Championship. In September 2013, <mask> and her Karuizawa-based rink, who had won the last three straight national championships, participated in the national trials for the 2013 Olympic Qualification Event.They lost the best-of-seven final of the trials to Ayumi Ogasawara's Sapporo-based rink in six games, which eliminated their chances of competing at the 2014 Winter Olympic Games. Fujisawa left the team and joined Mari Motohashi's rink as skip in May 2015, moving from Karuizawa back to Kitami, where she had grown up and played juniors until 2009. Half a year later, <mask> and her new team represented Japan at the 2015 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships, where she led Japan to its first gold medal since 2005 by winning the final match against South Korea's Kim Ji-sun. Later that season, Fujisawa with third Chinami Yoshida, second Yumi Suzuki, lead Yurika Yoshida and alternate Mari Motohashi also competed for Japan at the 2016 World Women's Curling Championship in Swift Current, Canada. In the round-robin stage of the event, they finished second with a 9–2 record and advanced to the playoffs. They lost the 1 vs. 2 game to Binia Feltscher from Switzerland, and then rebounded with a semifinal win over Russia's Anna Sidorova to earn a berth into the gold medal match. There, Fujisawa's rink was defeated by the Swiss team again but secured silver, which was Japan's first-ever podium finish at a world championship.<mask> skipped the Japanese rink at the 2016 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After posting a 6–1 round robin record, tied with China and South Korea, her team would lose to China's Wang Bingyu in the semifinal. This meant that she would not be able to defend her silver medal at the World Championships, as she had to make it to the finals to qualify Japan for the 2017 Worlds. <mask> began the 2017–18 season by winning the Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic. The team won the 2017 Japanese Olympic Curling Trials in September 2017, defeating the Chiaki Matsumura rink three games to one in a best-of-five series. The team then went on to win a silver medal at the 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. After finishing in third after the double round robin with a record of 6–4, they upset China in the semifinal, before losing to Korea in the final.The next month, she won her second tour event of the season, the 2017 Karuizawa International Curling Championship. <mask> skipped the Japanese team that won the 2018 Olympics women curling bronze medal. <mask> again represented Japan at the 2018 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships. She led her team to an undefeated 6–0 record in the round robin, but lost to the Koreans (skipped by Kim Min-ji in the final. The next month, she represented Japan in the second leg of the 2018–19 Curling World Cup in Omaha, United States, which her team would end up winning, this time defeating Kim and her South Korean rink in the final. Team Fujisawa began the 2019–20 season, at the 2019 Hokkaido Bank Curling Classic where they lost in the final to Jiang Yilun. Next they won the ADVICS Cup.They had two more playoff appearances at their next two events, the Booster Juice Shoot-Out and the 2019 Colonial Square Ladies Classic where they had semifinal and quarterfinal finishes respectively. Next, they had a semifinal finish at the 2019 Curlers Corner Autumn Gold Curling Classic. In Grand Slam play, they made the quarterfinals at the Masters and the semifinals of the Tour Challenge, National and Canadian Open. They had two more playoff appearances on tour at the Red Deer Curling Classic where they lost in the quarterfinals and the Karuizawa International where they lost the final to Anna Sidorova. For the first time in four seasons, Team Fujisawa won the Japan Curling Championships, defeating Seina Nakajima in the final. The team was set to represent Japan at the 2020 World Women's Curling Championship before the event got cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Japanese Championship would be their last event of the season as both the Players' Championship and the Champions Cup Grand Slam events were also cancelled due to the pandemic.Team Fujisawa played in no World Curling Tour events during the abbreviated 2020–21 season as there were no events held in Japan or Asia. The team would compete in their national championship, held from February 7–14, 2021 in Wakkanai, Hokkaido, as the defending champions. After an unblemished 6–0 round robin record, the team defeated Team Sayaka Yoshimura of Hokkaido Bank to advance to the final where they would once again face Yoshimura. Down one in the tenth, Team Yoshimura scored two points to win the national championship 7–6 over Team Fujisawa. This meant that once again, the team would not get to represent Japan at the World Championships. Team Fujisawa ended their season at the 2021 Champions Cup and 2021 Players' Championship Grand Slam events, which were played in a "curling bubble" in Calgary, Alberta, with no spectators, to avoid the spread of the coronavirus. The team had quarterfinal finishes at both events, losing out to Rachel Homan at the Champions Cup and Anna Hasselborg at the Players'.Mixed doubles
After the 2018 Olympics, <mask> was awarded a wild-card spot in the 2018 Japan Mixed Doubles Curling Championship with fellow Olympian Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi. Despite having never teamed together and having very little mixed doubles experience overall, <mask> and Yamaguchi went undefeated to win the championship and the right to represent Japan at the 2018 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship, where they would finish fifth overall. <mask> and Yamaguchi successfully defended their title in 2019, and represented Japan at the 2019 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. There, they made it to the quarterfinal, where they lost to Australia. Personal life
Fujisawa graduated from Hokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School in Kitami City in 2010. From then to early 2015, residing in Nagano Prefecture, she was employed as a curler and office worker for Chubu Electric Power, which has owned a competitive women's curling team based in Karuizawa, Nagano since 2009. Since returning to Kitami, she has been an employee of one of the local companies sponsoring her present team.She is currently an insurance agent. Grand Slam record

Former events

Teams

Women's

Mixed doubles

References

External links

Team Loco Solare, Official site

Japanese female curlers
People from Kitami, Hokkaido
1991 births
Living people
Continental Cup of Curling participants
Asian Games medalists in curling
Curlers at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Curlers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic curlers of Japan
Olympic silver medalists for Japan
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in curling
Pacific-Asian curling champions
Curlers at the 2022 Winter Olympics

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