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<mask> (born 11 May 1986), known as <mask>, is a French former professional footballer. He played primarily in a box to box role, adept at both attacking and defending. Described as a player who was "languid, elusive, and athletic" that could either "dribble past opponents or slip passes to team-mates". Of Ivorian descent, <mask> also possessed "superb touch" and "excellent close control". <mask>'s career was hampered by numerous repetitive injuries, a problem that existed from his time in France. His physical appearance and positional preference evoked comparisons to Arsenal legend and compatriot Patrick Vieira. <mask> was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in the Parisian commune of Aubervilliers.He began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers. In 1998, he joined Red Star Paris. A year later, <mask> was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy. He spent four years at the academy while simultaneously training with Red Star. A year before departing Clairefontaine, <mask> moved to professional club Paris Saint-Germain. Following an administrative error by club officials which made <mask> a free agent, he joined the academy of Auxerre. He spent two years in the club's youth academy before making his professional debut in the 2004–05 season.<mask> also played in the UEFA Cup with the club. After spending the Autumn portion of the 2005–06 season with Auxerre, in January 2006, <mask> signed with English club Arsenal on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee. He made his debut with the club that same month and scored his first goal three months later against Aston Villa. After being released from Arsenal in 2015 following persistent injury problems, <mask> signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille. <mask> retired from football in February 2019. <mask> is a former French youth international having earned caps at under-19 and under-21 level. Prior to playing for the senior team, he played on the under-19 team that won the 2005 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship.<mask> made his senior international debut in March 2007 in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania. He has represented France at one major international tournament; the 2010 FIFA World Cup. <mask> participated in all three group stage matches the team played as a starter. Personal life
<mask> was born in the 10th arrondissement of Paris, but was raised in a housing development in Aubervilliers, a northeastern suburb of Paris. He is the son of a long-distance truck driver and developed an interest into the sport of football after becoming fascinated by several players who played on the 1998 FIFA World Cup-winning team, most notably midfield stalwart Patrick Vieira, whom <mask> describes as "a monument to French football". <mask> was also adept at playing other sports such as basketball and boxing. Of Ivorian descent, <mask> is a practicing Muslim and, while growing up, developed a fascination towards the subjects of religion, philosophy, science, and astronomy.<mask> became interested in accountancy after taking a course at the age of 17, while he was at the Auxerre youth academy. Club career

Early career
<mask> began his football career playing for hometown club CM Aubervilliers in December 1996. While at Aubervilliers, <mask> was coached by David Giguère and Alain Mboma, the latter now serving as the manager of Red Star Paris. After two years at the club, <mask>'s quick progression at the amateur club led to a move to nearby semi-professional outfit Red Star Paris in Saint-Ouen. While in the club's youth academy, <mask> was supervised by youth academy director Yves-Henri Gergaud and was described by club youth coach Marco Lienel as a player who was "fairly quiet and quite frail". <mask> started his career at the club playing on its under-13 team in the Division Honneur Régionale of the Île-de-France region. After spending a year playing with Red Star, in 1999, he was selected to attend the Clairefontaine academy.While at Clairefontaine, <mask> was a part of A la Clairefontaine, a documentary series which chronicled the lives of the France's top young footballers during their time at the academy. During the series, an episode showed <mask> getting into a physical confrontation with Hatem Ben Arfa. Auxerre

2002–2004
Towards the end of his development at Clairefontaine, <mask> departed Red Star to play domestic football with professional club Paris Saint-Germain, despite being a supporter of Marseille. He spent a year at the Camp des Loges, the club's training center, from 2001–2002. After his departure from Clairefontaine, <mask> was expected to sign a youth contract with Paris Saint-Germain. Club officials wanted to keep the player, however, the club's human resources department failed to send a "letter of commitment" to <mask>'s parents ahead of 30 April 2002 deadline, which resulted in the player becoming a free agent. <mask> was hastily recruited by Auxerre scouts and he joined the club's academy ahead of the 2002–03 season.In his first season in the club's youth academy, he won the Division d'Honneur des 16 ans, the under-16 league title of the Bourgogne region. During the 2003–04 season, <mask> alternated between playing on the club's under-19 team in the Coupe Gambardella and playing in the club's reserve team in the Championnat de France amateur, the fourth level of French football. During the reserve team season, he played on the team alongside future Arsenal teammate Bacary Sagna, as well as Younès Kaboul, Hassan Yebda, Jean-Joël Perrier-Doumbé and former Clairefontaine classmate Garra Dembélé. <mask> finished the season with the team with 11 appearances and one goal as the team finished first in its group. After the season, he signed his first professional contract with the club agreeing to a three-year deal. Manager Guy Roux subsequently promoted <mask> to the first team and assigned him the number 24 shirt. 2004–2006

Similar to the previous season, <mask> regularly trained with the first team, while concurrently featuring as a starter on the club's reserve team.He made his professional debut on 14 August 2004 appearing as a substitute in a 3–1 league win over Rennes. After making his debut for the club, <mask> spent the rest of the fall season either playing on the club's reserve team or dealing with injuries. He returned to the team in March 2005 making his European debut in the team's UEFA Cup Round of 16 first leg tie against domestic rivals Lille. <mask> appeared in both legs as a substitute as Auxerre won the round 1–0 on aggregate. The club later lost in the quarter-finals to Russian club CSKA Moscow. <mask> made his first professional start on 20 March against his former youth club Paris Saint-Germain. He played 74 minutes before being substituted out in a 1–0 loss.<mask> made three more appearances as a substitute to close out the season. Following the season, Roux retired as manager of Auxerre after managing the club for 44 straight seasons. He was replaced with former France national team coach Jacques Santini. During the season, <mask> featured early on during the campaign, but as the season wore on, he struggled with injuries, which subsequently, led to the player failing to gain the confidence of Santini. Unlike fellow youngsters Sagna and Kaboul who were quickly establishing themselves at their respective positions, <mask> only featured in five league matches during the first half of the season. The midfielder did score his first professional goal on 10 September 2005 in a 3–1 loss to Rennes. In Europe, <mask> featured as a starter in the team's first round defeat to Bulgarian club Levski Sofia in the UEFA Cup.Midway through the campaign, <mask> was deemed surplus to requirements by management. Following the sale of the player, vice-president Gérard Bourgoin declared that, "We have always kept the young players which our coach wanted to use, but <mask> did not play, so this was a strategic sale for us." Arsenal

2006–2009

On 13 January 2006, English club Arsenal confirmed that the club had signed <mask> on a long-term contract for an undisclosed fee, later revealed to be £2 million. Prior to joining Arsenal, the player had reportedly turned down an offer to join Arsenal's London rivals Chelsea. Upon joining Arsenal, <mask> was given the number 2 shirt, which was left vacant since the retirement of Lee Dixon. He made his club debut on 21 January 2006 appearing as a substitute in a 1–0 defeat to Everton. Three days later, he made his first start in a 2–1 Football League Cup victory over Wigan.On 21 February, <mask> made his UEFA Champions League debut appearing as a substitute in the team's Round of 16 first leg victory over Spanish club Real Madrid. Two weeks later, <mask> assisted on a goal in Arsenal's 4–0 win over Fulham. After dealing with an injury in the month of March, he returned to play in April scoring his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Aston Villa on April Fools' Day 2006. He was set up for the goal by fellow club newcomer Emmanuel Adebayor. On 1 May, <mask> suffered a severe ankle fracture after being on the receiving end of a tackle, described by the media as "horrendous", from Sunderland defender Dan Smith. After the match, Wenger described the tackle as "a bad kick and an unnecessary one" and also criticized his competitors' over-physicality, while interim Sunderland manager Kevin Ball defended Smith stating "Smith is not a malicious, dirty player and I think it's unfair to make that call on him and say he deliberately went to do it. Dan went for the ball, unfortunately <mask> was quicker than him".As a result of the injury, <mask> missed the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final, as well as the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship. He underwent three surgeries to repair the injury and was told by doctors that the injury could possibly be career-ending. Following the surgeries, he underwent eight months of rehabilitation and made his return to first team action in the 2006–07 season in a League Cup match against Liverpool. He appeared as a substitute in the match as Arsenal won 6–3. On 25 February 2007, while participating in the 2007 Football League Cup Final against Chelsea, <mask>, while attempting to clear the ball out of the Arsenal defense, accidentally kicked rival defender John Terry in the face. Unconscious, Terry was stretchered off and hospitalized, but recovered to return to the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff for the trophy presentation following Chelsea's 2–1 win. Though Arsenal lost, <mask> was credited with an assist on the team's only goal of the match, which was converted by Theo Walcott.<mask> scored his first and only goal of the campaign on 14 March in a 1–0 win over Aston Villa when he deflected in a Júlio Baptista shot. He remained a fixture within the team for the rest of the campaign, mostly as a substitute as he only started in consecutive matches once. In <mask>'s first full season with Arsenal, he scored his first goal on 22 September 2007 in the club's 5–0 win over Derby County. Three days later, he assisted on a goal in a 2–0 League Cup win over Newcastle United. In December 2007, <mask> scored goals in back-to-back matches for the first time in his career. He scored the first goal on 12 December in the team's final Champions League group stage match against Romanian club Steaua București. Arsenal won the match 2–1.Six days later, <mask> scored Arsenal's opening goal in the club's 3–2 away win over Blackburn Rovers in the League Cup. <mask> failed to chart anything statistical for the rest of the winter months aside from an assist in a 4–1 win over Everton. On 29 March 2008, <mask> was sent off for the first time in his professional career in a league match against Bolton Wanderers for a studs-up tackle on defender Grétar Steinsson. <mask> was defended by Wenger who stated "I don’t think <mask>’s tackle was malicious, it was more protective". Wenger also stated that <mask>'s tackle should not be compared to what had happened to teammate Eduardo da Silva a few weeks earlier. Wenger was, subsequently, criticized by the English media for flip-flopping on the subject due to providing differing statements when Arsenal players are on the receiving end of tackles and when they are the aggressors. After serving his red card suspension, <mask> featured in only one match in the final two months of the season.The match was the second leg of the club's quarter-final Champions League tie against Liverpool. In the match, <mask> netted the opening goal to give Arsenal, who drew 1–1 in the first leg, a 2–1 advantage. Arsenal, however, conceded four goals from Liverpool and lost the tie 5–3 on aggregate. Following the match against Liverpool, <mask> began struggling with a thigh injury. After the injury relapsed in a reserve match in late April, <mask> was ruled out for the rest of the season. <mask> began the 2008–09 season late in the season after the thigh injury from the previous season was discovered to be more serious than first thought. He made his debut in the season on 18 October 2008 in a 3–1 win over Everton.Three days later, <mask> scored the third goal in a 5–2 Champions League group stage win over Fenerbahçe. He appeared regularly in the campaign for the first time in his Arsenal career. On 26 December 2008, <mask> scored his third career goal against Aston Villa in a 2–2 draw. The following month, he assisted on the equalising goal, scored by Robin van Persie, in the team's 1–1 draw with Everton. <mask> scored his second goal of the campaign in Arsenal's 3–1 league win against Newcastle on 21 March. He finished the season by scoring the team's third goal in the 4–1 win over Stoke City. 2009–2012

<mask> started the 2009–10 season healthy for the

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 first time since 2007 and quickly made an impact.Playing alongside Alex Song and Cesc Fàbregas, he became part of the dynamic three-man midfield partnership. On 22 August 2009, he scored a double in a 4–1 win over Portsmouth. The following month, <mask> assisted on a goal in the team's 3–2 comeback win over Belgian club Standard Liège in the Champions League. After alternating between the bench and starting lineup for the rest of September, in November, <mask> returned to the first eleven and responding by scoring the game-winning goal in a 3–1 win over Birmingham City. Three weeks later, in the Champions League, he netted another goal in a group stage win over Dutch club AZ. On 7 November, <mask> picked up an injury in a 4–1 win over Wolverhampton Wanderers. The injury resulted in the player missing France's World Cup playoff tie with the Republic of Ireland.<mask> grabbed his fifth goal of the season in a 3–0 win over Hull City on 19 December. He also assisted on a goal in the win. A week later, <mask> scored his fourth goal overall against Aston Villa in another 3–0 victory. In the new year, <mask> began the 2010 calendar year by assisting on goals in a 2–2 draw against Everton and a 4–2 win over Bolton. On 10 February, he scored the only goal in a victory over Liverpool. Despite failing to score a goal for the rest of the season, <mask> was ever-present in the waning moments of the season starting 12 of the final 14 matches he appeared in. He finished the campaign with career-highs in matches played, goals, and assists.<mask> began the 2010–11 season scoring a goal and issuing an assist in the team's second match of the season against Blackpool; a 6–0 win. During a match against Bolton at the Emirates Stadium on 11 September, he was injured after a challenge by Paul Robinson. <mask> was replaced in the 72nd minute by Denílson in a 4–1 win. Due to the injury, he missed two weeks and return to the team in its 3–2 loss to West Bromwich Albion. <mask> featured primarily as a substitute after returning from the injury. On 5 February 2011, he was sent off after being adjudged to have committed violent conduct on opposing midfielder Joey Barton in a league match away to Newcastle. Prior to <mask>'s expulsion, Arsenal had been leading the match 4–0.The team went on to concede four unanswered goals while playing with ten men, which resulted in the club leaving St James' Park with only a point. On 10 April, <mask> scored his second goal of the season in a 3–1 win against Blackpool. The 2011–12 season for <mask> was blighted once again by injury problems. He made just four substitute appearances during the Premier League campaign and one in the UEFA Champions League. 2012–2015
With the departure of Alex Song ahead of the 2012–13 season, <mask> started all three of Arsenal's opening games. His performance against Liverpool saw him awarded Man of the Match by Sky Sports in Arsenal's 2–0 win at Anfield. However, he was later injured in Arsenal's 2-1 loss against Chelsea on 29 September and was substituted.On 13 January 2013, <mask> made his return against Manchester City at the Emirates Stadium. This controversial fixture in the Premier League, saw two red cards awarded, one for each team. Arsenal lost the match 2–0. Following several spells on the sidelines during February and March, it was announced on 28 March 2013 that <mask> had torn the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in his left knee and that after surgery, he would be out for approximately eight or nine months. Arsenal announced that <mask> had changed his squad number from 2 to 24 for the 2013–14 season. Soon it was announced that he would be out until March 2014, following further treatment on his knee. On 11 May 2014, <mask> returned from injury as a substitute in a 2–0 win at Norwich City in Arsenal's final match of the 2013–14 Premier League season.On 15 November 2014, according to some English newspapers, <mask> suffered a hamstring injury which would keep him off the pitch for the next three months. On 10 June 2015, <mask> was released by Arsenal. Marseille
In July 2015, <mask> signed for French Ligue 1 side Marseille after being out of football since leaving Arsenal in June 2015. Following continuing injury problems in the first half of the season, he made his return on 18 March 2016, coming on as a substitute in Marseille's 5–2 home defeat to Rennes. On 3 April 2016, he started in a league match against Bastia, his first league start in over three years. <mask> ultimately made just four appearances for the season across all competitions. In October 2016, <mask> had to undergo an operation on his right ankle after suffering for weeks with persistent pain.He was ruled out for a period of four months following the surgery. On 25 February 2019, <mask> announced that he was retiring from football, aged 32, most recently having played for Marseille in 2017. He only appeared in 214 senior career matches. He announced his retirement on French television channel RMC's. <mask> said, "I am bringing an end to my professional career. It is the right time. For a number of years it has been difficult for me to return, with a lot of physical problems.It is a difficult decision but I have thought a lot about my decision and I am at ease with it. After Marseille, I gave myself a year to come back but it was harder than I thought, and I have decided to stop." International career

Youth
<mask> played under manager Jean Gallice. Gallice, initially, called up <mask> at under-18 level for a match against Greece in November 2003. <mask>, however, was forced to withdraw from the squad after suffering an injury while playing domestically. He made his youth international debut at under-19 level in a 2–1 friendly match win over Turkey. In qualifying for the 2005 European Under-19 Football Championship, <mask> appeared in all six matches as France finished both the first qualifying round and the Elite Round undefeated.In the tournament, he missed the team's opening 1–1 group stage draw with England due to suspension, but returned to the starting lineup in the team's 3–1 victory over Norway in the second group stage match. <mask>, subsequently, started every remaining match, including the championship match against England. France won the match 3–1 giving the nation its sixth under-19 title and <mask> his first international honor. In total with the under-19 team, he featured in 12 matches and scored no goals. At under-21 level, <mask> made his debut on 28 February 2006 in a friendly match against Slovakia. He appeared as a substitute as France won the match 2–1. Due to suffering a fractured ankle domestically, <mask> missed the 2006 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.Due to repetitive injuries, he missed every qualifier for the 2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and made only one more appearance for the team, which occurred in a 1–1 draw in a friendly match with Armenia. Senior
On 15 March 2007, <mask> was called up to the senior team for the first time by coach Raymond Domenech for UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying match against Lithuania and a friendly against Austria. He described the call-up as a "huge surprise" primarily because he has just returned from his ankle fracture just two months prior. <mask> made his senior international debut in the qualifier against Lithuania appearing as a substitute for Florent Malouda. He earned his first international start in the ensuing match against Austria; the game ending in a 1–0 victory for France. Following the Austria match, <mask> went without an appearance for France for three years. The midfielder experienced several call ups to the team during the three years, but either withdrew from the squad due to injury or was not preferred by Domenech for a match.Despite this, <mask> was named to Domenech's 30-man preliminary squad to participate in the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He made his return to the international scene in the team's 2–1 friendly match win over Costa Rica. <mask> was later named to the 23-man team to serve as a possible backup in the holding midfield role. Ahead of the competition, it was reported that Domenech was considering changing up the style of play in the team's 4–3–3 formation with Malouda possibly moving from the winger role into the midfield. Following Malouda's relegation to the bench for insubordination, <mask> was inserted in his place and made his World Cup debut in the team's opening group stage match against Uruguay. The match ended 0–0 with <mask> playing the entire match. He was credited by Scottish newspaper The Scotsman as being the team's best performer in the goalless draw.<mask> featured as a starter in both of France's remaining group stage matches against Mexico and South Africa. France lost both matches as the competition ultimately ended in disastrous competitively and personally due to the players going on strike in response to its disagreement over the expulsion of striker Nicolas Anelka from the team. As a result of the players' mutiny, <mask>, along with the 22 other members of the team, were suspended for the team's friendly match against Norway. Under manager Laurent Blanc, <mask> was penciled in as a starter in the team's first two competitive matches of the new season. After playing the entire match in a 2–0 victory over Luxembourg, he missed the victory against England due to injury. <mask> returned to the team for its 9 February 2011 friendly against Brazil. He appeared as a second-half substitute for Yann M'Vila as France cruised to a 1–0 win.In March 2011, <mask> was called back into the team for matches against Luxembourg and Croatia, but, for the second time in the season, withdrew from the team due to injury. He returned to the team in June 2011 for a UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Belarus and friendly matches against Poland and the Ukraine. <mask> featured in all three matches. Due to injuries during the 2011–12 season, he missed UEFA Euro 2012. After over a year without an appearance at international level, <mask> returned to the national team in September 2012 under new manager Didier Deschamps. In his first appearance since June 2011, he scored his first international goal in a 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Finland. Style of play

<mask> is often described as a typical box-to-box midfielder; a midfielder who is adept both offensively and defensively.While he can play as a defensive midfielder, <mask> has often attempted to distance himself from that position, admitting that "I am better if I have a holding midfielder with me". His club manager Arsène Wenger describes him similarly stating "He (<mask>) is more of an offensive player. He is not a defensive-minded player and he's not a holding player. He's a player who crosses the field at ease, goes from box to box like it's no distance and has good power as well". During his early years with Auxerre, he was often used as an attacking midfielder or a support striker due to his technical ability, close control, and dexterity to dribble past opponents or slip passes to teammates. Upon signing with Arsenal, club manager Wenger likened the player to former club player Patrick Vieira. Wenger compared the two primarily because of the similarities between each player's physical appearance and positional preference.While the two are similar in appearance, <mask> has admitted that there are huge differences, stating, "I think maybe I am more attack-minded, a more technical player," and, "Vieira is much more aggressive. He makes more of a physical impact in a game, in midfield. He is amazing. I don’t think I have this quality yet. I think I can develop in that way but he is much stronger." In 2009, Wenger echoed <mask>'s sentiments, stating, "I believe Vieira was more of a passer of the ball. <mask> is more of a dribbler, more offensive and makes more penetrating runs.Vieira was more of a constructor. They have a similar elegance and type of play but are not completely comparable". <mask> was often described as being injury-prone. After returning from a fractured ankle injury in late 2006, the midfielder endured persistent niggling injuries that resulted in <mask> failing to play a full season for Arsenal. During his second season at Auxerre, a season in which he was expected to get some significant playing time, <mask> failed to gain the confidence of manager Jacques Santini primarily due to repetitive injuries he endured during the autumn portion of the 2005–06 season. After returning to the team, <mask> struggled to return to form, which ultimately resulted in his sale to Arsenal. His highest output for appearances with Arsenal came in the 2009–10 season when he played in 40 matches of Arsenal's total of 55 competitive matches in the season.Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after <mask> goal. Honours
Arsenal
 FA Cup: 2013–14
 Football League Cup runner-up: 2006–07

France U19
 UEFA European Under-19 Championship: 2005

References

External links

 Official foundation page
 Premier League profile

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Aubervilliers
Footballers from Paris
French footballers
France youth international footballers
France under-21 international footballers
France international footballers
Association football midfielders
FCM Aubervilliers players
Red Star F.C. players
Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players
INF Clairefontaine players
AJ Auxerre players
Arsenal F.C. players
Olympique de Marseille players
Ligue 1 players
Premier League players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
French expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French people of Ivorian descent
Black French sportspeople
French

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<mask> (born 1935) is an American art photographer, known principally for his photographs of architecture and of modern dance. As of 2015, 11 monographs of his photography have been published by houses such as New York Graphic Society; Little, Brown; Wesleyan University Press; and Steidl. The transfer of Trager's archive of photographic prints, negatives, and marked proofs to the Library of Congress began in 2006. As C. Ford Peatross — founding director and curator for the Library of Congress's Center for Architecture, Design and Engineering — remarked: "[Trager's] careful eye, his sensitivity to the slightest nuances of light and atmosphere and his finely honed understanding of structure have allowed him to capture—and us to see anew—subjects ranging from the gritty vernacular of American cities to the works of Palladio and the monuments of Paris, from the clouds framing and defining landscapes to frozen moments in the drama of the dance." Once the transfer of Trager's work is complete, “this exceptional trove of artistic images will be available to scholars, photographers, and the public for generations to come.”

Biography
Trager was born in 1935 in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he attended high school. He completed his undergraduate studies in history at Wesleyan University, which conferred an honorary Doctor of Arts degree on him in 2008. He next attended Columbia University School of Law in New York.He pursued dual careers in law and photography until 1992, when he ceased practicing law and commenced devoting his focus to photography exclusively. Trager lives in Connecticut, his home for most of his life, with his wife, Ina. Photography
As Library Journal said in 2006, "Trager has spent more than 40 years making photographs that transform our physical world into moments of clarity and brightness unique to the medium." Initially, his images' subjects centered on buildings and their settings, but less from the viewpoint of architect or engineer than from what Peter Schjeldahl has termed "place portraiture." In 1987, Trager published Villas of Palladio (New York Graphic Society), about which Schjeldahl wrote that, “the place-portraiture of <mask>’s Palladian villas [is] . . . as beautiful, it seems to me, as any photographs I have ever seen.” By the time this book was released, however, Trager was already devoting himself to making images of modern dancers in motion. His book Dancers was published in 1992.Trager does not use stop-action strobes, a photographic device popular with many dance photographers; instead, his images of dancers such as Mark Morris, Eiko & Koma, David Parsons, and Bill T. Jones (among many others), show them soaring through space or sagging heavily to the ground. Trager made almost all of these dance images outdoors in natural light. In the LA Times, Donna Perlmutter said that, "this collection of startling black-and-white museum pieces, using lush alfresco settings. . . besieges the eye with its bold sense of mystery, contradiction and surprise." Returning to architecture in the mid-1990s, Trager began work on a collection of photographs of the built environment bordering the Seine in Paris. From the start, Trager has used large-format view cameras (particularly 4 x 5 and 5 x 7, occasionally 11 x 14) for his images of architecture. During a 2005 interview with Stephanie Wiles, then director of the Allen Memorial Art Museum at Oberlin College, Trager said, “I happen to be a Type-A personality and quick by nature, and with the view camera somehow you have to slow down.The dance photographs, of course, were totally different.”

To communicate his vision fully and accurately, Trager personally prints all his gelatin silver prints, and relies on a master photographic-printmaker for the palladium and platinum prints often seen in exhibitions. As Jeremy Adamson, chief of the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress, wrote: “[Trager’s] keen eye for expressive form and shape, his emotional sensitivity to the effects of light and atmosphere, his intellectual appreciation of the dynamics of structures, both architectural and human, and his command of the temporal moment have resulted in extraordinarily evocative compositions.”

Monographs
Although Trager's photographs have been reproduced in many publications dealing with the art of photography, architecture, and dance, he is best known for the meticulously prepared and produced monographs of his black-and-white photographs. Many of his early architectural images were collected in two such monographs: Photographs of Architecture (1977) and <mask>rager: New York (1988), and in the introduction to the latter art historian Samuel M. Green II situated Trager's visual acuity, saying, “the success of these photographs…derives from the penetration of [Trager’s] vision, his ability to state the quintessential.”

His next publication, The Villas of Palladio (1987), was widely and favorably reviewed. For example, in Progressive Architecture, John DiGregorio wrote: “With this volume Trager has done something extraordinary—he has managed to transcend the boundary between the use of the photographic image as visual documentation and its use as a vehicle for artistic expression.”

Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine (2000), Trager's eighth monograph, was the last to be published by a United States-based publisher. The German publisher Steidl released Faces in 2005 and Philip Trager, the catalogue to a major traveling retrospective exhibition of his work, the following year. The same house is publishing New York in the 1970s (2015), which draws on negatives recently rediscovered by the photographer. In 2016, Steidl  will release Photographing Ina.Bibliography of monographs
Photographing Ina. Foreword by Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, [forthcoming 2016]. New York in the 1970s. Foreword by Stephen C. Pinson. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2015. <mask>r [retrospective].Essays by Barbara L. Michaels, Norton Owen, Andrew Szegedy-Maszak, and John Wood; interview by Stephanie Wiles. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2006. Faces. Göttingen, Germany: Steidl, 2005. Changing Paris: A Tour along the Seine. Architectural commentary by Thomas Mellins; foreword by Pierre Borhan; introduction by Diane Johnson. Santa Fe, NM: Arena Editions, 2000.Persephone. Poems by Eavan Boland and Rita Dove; text by Ralph Lemon and Andrew Szegedy-Maszak. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, with New England Foundation for the Arts, 1996. Dancers. Foreword by Bill T. Jones; essays by Joan Acocella and David Freedberg; afterword by Mark Morris. Boston: Bulfinch Press, 1992. The Villas of Palladio.Text by Vincent Scully; foreword by Renato Cevese; introduction by Michael Graves. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1986. Wesleyan Photographs. Foreword by Paul Horgan; text by Vincent Scully, Eve Blau, and Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1982. <mask>r: New York. Foreword by Louis Auchincloss.Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1980. Photographs of Architecture. Introduction by Samuel M. Green II. Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1977. Echoes of Silence. Danbury, CT: Scroll Press, 1972. Museum and library collections
The definitive collection of Trager's photographs is owned by the Library of Congress, Washington, DC).

masks:
Philip Trager
Philip Trager
Philip T
Philip Trage
Philip Trage


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<mask> (born December 13, 1982) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Florida/Miami Marlins,  Los Angeles Dodgers, Minnesota Twins, and Los Angeles Angels. He is of Mexican descent. Early life
Born in Corona, California to Mexican parents, <mask> attended Rialto High School in Rialto, California. He graduated in 2001 and was drafted out of high school in the fourth round of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft by the Chicago Cubs. Professional career

Chicago Cubs
<mask> began his professional career in the Rookie-level Arizona League with the Arizona League Cubs. In five games with the team, including four starts, he recorded a 1-0 win-loss record with an earned-run average (ERA) of 1.50.He spent the 2002 season with the Boise Hawks of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League, earning a record of 7–2 with an ERA of 2.48 in 15 starts. The next season, <mask> was assigned to the Daytona Cubs of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League, where he went 11–5 with a 2.96 ERA in 26 starts. <mask> started the 2004 season in the Double-A (AA) Southern League with the West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. A month into the season, on May 16, he was called up to the Triple-A Iowa Cubs of the Pacific Coast League. He made nine starts for Iowa, accumulating a record of 2–3 with an ERA of 9.30 before being sent back down to AA on June 28. <mask> spent the rest of the season there; he finished the season with a record of 6-4 and an ERA of 3.70 in 19 starts throughout both stints with the Diamond Jaxx during the 2004 season. <mask> then spent the entire 2005 season in AA as he achieved an impressive 14–3 record with an ERA of 2.89 in 27 starts.<mask> received the Southern League’s Most Outstanding Pitcher Award for the 2005 season. Florida/Miami Marlins

The Florida Marlins acquired <mask>, Sergio Mitre, and Renyel Pinto from the Cubs for Juan Pierre on December 7, 2005. He made the opening day roster in 2006 and made his debut with 3 scoreless innings of relief on April 5 against the Houston Astros. He struck out Jason Lane for his first Major League strikeout. He recorded his first win with 2 innings of relief against the Cubs on April 26. He made his first start on May 22, also against the Cubs, and allowed 1 run in 7 innings to get the win. <mask> missed most of the 2007 season with an injury and then started the 2008 season as a middle reliever, but quickly found his way to the top of the rotation as Florida's top starting pitcher.On August 19, 2008, he pitched a two-hitter against the San Francisco Giants. With one out in the 9th inning, he gave up a double; the only other hit given up by him was a ball deflected off the glove of first baseman Mike Jacobs. <mask> also had a two-run double in the game. <mask> won 15 games in 2008, putting him in the top 5 in wins in the National League. <mask> was named the 2009 Opening Day starter, throwing in six innings and win against the Washington Nationals. On September 30, 2009, <mask> struck out 16 batters, breaking A. J. Burnett's record for 14 strikeouts in a single game for the Florida Marlins. In December 2010, <mask> agreed to a contract extension with the Marlins to remain with the team through 2013.On August 23, 2011, <mask> became the Marlins franchise leader in strikeouts, overtaking Dontrelle Willis. A year later on May 22, 2012 he won his 69th game, overtaking Willis' club record of 68 wins with the Marlins. He finished the season with a 4.48 ERA in 191 innings pitched, with 47 walks, 125 strikeouts, a 1.37 WHIP, and a 12–13 record. Los Angeles Dodgers

On July 6, 2013, he was traded to the Los Angeles Dodgers for Josh Wall, and two minor league pitchers Steve Ames, and Ángel Sánchez. He made 15 starts for the Dodgers and was 8–3 with a 3.52 ERA. Minnesota Twins
On November 27, 2013, <mask> agreed to terms with the Minnesota Twins on a four-year, $49 million contract. In his first season as a Twin, <mask> posted a disappointing 5.38 ERA in 27 starts.<mask>'s 2015 season was cut short due to injury, recording a 6.75 ERA in 8 starts while also appearing in one game out of the bullpen. For the 2016 season, <mask> competed for a rotation spot with Tyler Duffey. Duffey ended up being sent down to AAA before the season began, anointing <mask> the 5th starter. He continued his regression from his previous two seasons, registering an ERA of 5.13 in 21 starts for the Twins. <mask> ended his two and half seasons with the Twins with a 15–22 record. Los Angeles Angels
On August 1, 2016, the Twins traded <mask> with Alex Meyer plus cash in exchange for Angels pitchers Hector Santiago and Alan Busenitz. He had the lowest zone percentage of all major league pitchers, with only 39.1% of his pitches being in the strike zone.For the 2017 season, <mask> was chosen to be the Angels' Opening Day starting pitcher. <mask>'s 2017 season was his worst season of his career, finishing with a record of 6-15 with a 4.92 ERA in 33 starts. Kansas City Royals
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals on March 7, 2018. He was released on March 24. Arizona Diamondbacks
On February 8, 2019, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks that included an invitation to spring training. He elected free agency on November 7, 2019. Pitching style
<mask> throws five pitches: a four-seam fastball, a sinker, a split-finger fastball, a slider, and a knuckle curve .Personal life
<mask> goes by the first name "<mask>" because his father named his son after his favorite Dodger, Rick Monday. <mask>'s older brother, Dave, attended Riverside Community College and was selected by the Milwaukee Brewers in the 23rd round of the 2001 MLB draft. See also

 List of Miami Marlins team records

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
Florida Marlins players
Miami Marlins players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Minnesota Twins players
Los Angeles Angels players
Boise Hawks players
Daytona Cubs players
Iowa Cubs players
West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
Carolina Mudcats players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Peoria Saguaros players
Cedar Rapids Kernels players
American baseball players of Mexican descent
Baseball players from California
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Corona, California
Arizona League Cubs players
Sportspeople from Rialto, California

masks:
Carlos Enrique Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
Nolasco
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Ricky
Nolasco


texts:
Dr<mask> (born 1940, New Orleans, Louisiana) is a visual artist, historian, activist and minister who lives and works in Hammond, Louisiana. His sculptural work focuses on African and African American history. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New Orleans in 1940 to <mask>. When <mask> was 14 his father was drowned in a hate crime. His mother moved him and his two sisters to Chicago after his father's racially motivated murder. They lived in the diverse Maxwell Street District near 14th Street. A year later, in 1955, Mrs. <mask> took <mask> to view the body of Emmett Till at the Roberts Temple Church of God.These experiences helped to seed <mask>'s understanding of racism in the States. In 1964 <mask> worked for Trans World Airlines and as a postal carrier, working the two jobs in order to save money to purchase a home for his new wife and himself. In 1966 <mask> was drafted into the Marine Corps where he spent two years in Vietnam, being honorably discharged with a Purple Heart in 1968 due to injury. The physical impact of Agent Orange caused health issues that continue to this day. He was also severely psychologically and spiritually impacted from experiences there, resulting in <mask>'s divorce and increasing Posttraumatic stress disorder through 18 years of post-combat struggle before finding his calling as an artist. Besides his formal studies at the Virginia Black Training Academy, for his numerous years of life experience, studying and wisdom, <mask> began using his self-imposed title, as an equivalency to a PhD. Career
Thematically, <mask>' work confronts what he sees as the erasure of Black history by recreating scenes and icons of those narratives in a formula of concrete and mixed media of his invention.His work is created and in situ is housed primarily outdoors. In 2000, he co-founded the Algiers Folk Art Zone & Blues Museum along with artist <mask> Sr.

Aurora, Illinois
In 1986 <mask> began fourteen years of often twelve-hour-day cathartic creative work on his home in Aurora, Illinois as an art environment. He said God told him to make art as a weapon to combat his depression, pain and anger. He built sculptures and monuments to memorialize moments in Black history and racism. He began with his own experience and struggle as a US Marine Corps veteran and has documented moments before American slavery through the present. He established this outdoor museum as the non-profit African American History Museum and Black Veteran's Archive. His Aurora site culminated in 600 sculptures and 150 fixed pieces.The Art Institute of Chicago named his museum a Millennium Site in 1999. <mask> is one of three living artists whose work is part of the John Michael Kohler Art Center's permanent collection. The Kohler Foundation purchased 448 of <mask>'s work from his Aurora, Illinois in 2000, of which 200 remained in their Art Center's permanent collection. <mask> maintains a relationship to Aurora Illinois, having set up a foundation to care for the site after his departure. In 2004 there was an opening celebration cosigned by Kane County and Aurora Township with tourism in mind. Despite this first property falling to disrepair and precarious community support, the remaining sculptures still paint a narrative that draws tourists. Emmett Till's mother, Mamie Till, wrote <mask> a letter thanking him for creating a work so impactful.Hammond, Louisiana
In 2002 <mask> was traveling to New Orleans to help his ailing mother when he stopped to rest and found a grave stone of Peter Hammond's "Unnamed Slave Boy." This became a calling for him to relocate to Hammond, Louisiana and has established his second art environment and a new Museum there. The Hammond site's house references Egyptian architecture and ancient tomb and is boldly painted black and white. The steps to the front door read, "Trust God." Exhibitions
<mask>'s work is in the permanent collection of the Smithsonian American Art Museum. His work was included in Life, Liberty & Pursuit of Happiness at the American Visionary Art Museum in 2010. In 2017 he lectured at the African American Men of Unity in Aurora and at The Road Less Traveled conference in Sheboygan, Wisconsin.His work was auctioned at the New Orleans Botanical Garden benefit in 2017. His work was included in The Kohler Art Center's 50th Anniversary exhibition series, The Road Less Traveled in 2017-18. His exhibition for this series was honored as the number two selection for "Best of 2017" in Art Forum magazine. In 2018 <mask>'s work was included the 10-artist exhibition, Chicago Calling: Art Against the Flow, curated by Lisa Stone and Kenneth Burkhart at Intuit: The Center for Intuitive and Outsider Art as part of Art Design Chicago. Included in the exhibit with <mask>'s work were works by Henry Darger, Gregory Warmack (known as “Mr. Imagination”), Joseph Yoakum and Lee Godie. <mask> was the only living artist in the exhibition.Works
<mask> heavily uses metaphor, symbolism, news stories, historical narratives and his own experiences in the formal choices and spatial relationships of his sculptures to create his dense art environments. Visitors weave around the pieces following his often life-sized dioramas and the literal path he has made for tours. Besides his life experience, his motivation is to heal the world by educating people about Black history through his work. The installation was constantly evolving and changing as <mask> built new work. "Everything moves along extemporaneously as God moves me. He shows me how to do it, where to put it, and how to construct it." <mask> said.Middle Passage was created out of large rock, broken concrete, and wood. It depicted the narrative of Black people in Africa, going through the Middle Passage and into slavery. The work was installed on North Avenue at South Kendall Street in Aurora, Illinois. The sculpture acted as a perimeter protecting to his environment and went on to include imagery from the Civil Rights Movement, all with three-quarters to life sized figures. Most of his work is built with found materials with a cement mixture covering armatures and then painted. He calls the patina the sculptures gain through exposure to the outdoor elements "weatherization." Sergeant Ramey was at the center of his Aurora property atop his roof.It is a memorial depicting one of <mask>'s close friends who died in combat, a memory that stays with <mask>. <mask>'s goal has been to teach Black youth about their history and he wants to have work installed at certain points along I-55 to memorialize not only the Great Migration but also his family's migration from New Orleans to Chicago. Each site would document and offer healing lessons on Black history. Personal life
<mask> was married in 1964 and divorced after his return from combat in 1968. Alongside his sculptural work <mask> was an ordained minister. He was a pastor at God's House of Prayer and Holiness in Memphis Tennessee. Much of his work outside of his sculpture is working to help heal people psychologically.He's advocated for other Vietnam veterans, worked with the Congressional Black Caucus on Agent Orange and on Jesse Jackson's PUSH coalition. References

External links
 The John Michael Kohler Art Center

1940 births
Living people
African-American artists
United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
People from New Orleans
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people

masks:
. Charles Smith
Charles Smith
Bertha Mary Smith
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Charles Gillam
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texts:
Orestis Stamatopoulos (2 April 1916 – 13 June 2009), also known as <mask>, was a Greek-British Marxist historian, long associated with Hull University. He was an influential writer on British Labour History in the second half of the twentieth century, and also known for his multi-volume work, the Dictionary of Labour Biography, edited in collaboration with others. Life and career
He was born Orestis Stamatopoulos in 1916, near Gainsborough, Lincolnshire to  Orestis Stamatopoulos, a Greek engineer who worked for a Lincolnshire engineering firm, and Edith Vessey, a working class Lincolnshire woman. Shortly after <mask>'s birth, his father was called to Greece for military service and was subsequently killed during the war. His mother remarried to widowed tailor <mask>, and he was brought up in Romford. He later took his step-father's family name. He attended Romford Grammar School, won a scholarship to Royal Liberty School in London and another to the London School of Economics, where he joined the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and met his soon-to-be wife, Constance Saunders (he was an active member of the CPGB until 1956).He graduated in 1937 with a First in Economics. Called up in 1940, he had the leftwing equivalent of a good war: "I had several large-scale quarrels with authority, although I was a good and efficient soldier". Against the party line, he refused to take a commission, but advanced rapidly from anti-aircraft gunner to gunnery sergeant-major instructor and regimental sergeant major, engaged in political work wherever he went – especially, from 1943 to 1946, in India. Whilst in India, <mask> met Nehru and leaders of the Muslim League and his friendship with Indian communist students in Britain, all from establishment families, opened most anti-imperial doors, reinforced his own firm, but no longer uncritical, convictions. (Unlike him, Constance had never accepted the Moscow-imposed party line of 1939–41, which followed the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact). The cold war, particularly frozen during the years of the Korean War and McCarthyism, made it easier to maintain them. He soon became a pillar of the Communist Party Historians' Group ("intellectually my lifeline"), and also of the Hull Communist party and its associated organisations, while building a double expertise in 19th-century British economic history and labour history.He was deeply involved in the crisis of the British Communist Party in 1956, following the Soviet invasion of Hungary. Khrushchev's denunciation of Stalin in 1956, or, more exactly, the failure of the British CP leadership to recognise its significance, transformed the Historians' Group from loyalists into vocal critics. <mask>'s was the first voice raised at its meetings. Breaking his affiliation with the cluster of British Marxist historians known as the Communist Party Historians Group, <mask> emerged as one of the founders of the New Reasoner, in partnership with another Yorkshire Communist historian, E.P. Thompson, part of a group of dissident Marxists who condemned the Soviet intervention in Hungary in 1956. <mask> became Professor of Economic History at Hull University in 1973, where he had taught since 1947. He was associated with the Socialist Register (editor with Ralph Miliband) and the multi-volume Dictionary of Labour Biography; from 1972 onwards he was one of the editors of the ten-volume Dictionary.His acquaintances and co-thinkers included <mask>, Stuart Hall, Philip Larkin, Doris Lessing, Ralph Miliband, Sir <mask>, Raphael Samuel and E.P. Thompson. Harry Newton, a left-wing student, had passed himself off as a family friend. Newton's true identity, as a MI5 agent planted at his home in Hull, was uncovered after his death. He is commemorated with a green plaque on The Avenues, Kingston upon Hull. His beloved wife Constance died in 2007. He was survived by their three sons, a daughter, and two grand daughters.People educated at the Royal Liberty Grammar School
Academics of the University of Hull
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British communists
British Marxists
British people of Greek descent
British Marxist historians
Royal Artillery soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
People from Gainsborough, Lincolnshire
1916 births
2009 deaths
Communist Party of Great Britain members
20th-century British historians

masks:
John Saville
Saville
Alfred Saville
Saville
Saville
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John Griffith
John Pratt


texts:
<mask>. (October 19, 1861 - February 19, 1933) was an American military officer who served with distinction in the Spanish–American War, Philippine–American War and World War I. He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his World War I command of the 91st Division. Early life
<mask>. was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, a son of Mary (Neele<mask> and Colonel <mask>, a U.S. Army paymaster. He was raised and educated at various Army posts and in St. Louis, Missouri, and attended Washington University in St. Louis from 1876 to 1879. While living in St. Louis, <mask> also worked as a salesman for the Scudders-Gale Grocery Company. Military career

Militia service
<mask> enlisted in the Missouri Militia in 1878, and rose to sergeant in the Lafayette Guard of St. Louis before moving to Prescott, Arizona in 1881. While in Arizona, he obtained a commission as a first lieutenant in the territorial militia's Prescott Rifles company, and he served until 1883.From November 1881 to October 1883, he was an Army paymaster's clerk. In February 1883, <mask> was a resident of New York City when he competed for a Congressional appointment to the United States Military Academy. He was selected by a panel that made a recommendation to Representative Roswell P. Flower, but was subsequently declared ineligible because he did not meet the one-year state residency requirement. In July 1883, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the United States Army directly from civil life, subject to completion of an examination by a board of officers. When <mask> took the competitive examination, he placed first of 96 candidates. His commission in the 16th Infantry Regiment was confirmed in October. Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War
In 1887, <mask> graduated with honors from the Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.While assigned to the faculty of first Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois and later Saint Louis University, <mask> attended law school at Washington University in St. Louis. He was a student beginning in 1894, graduated in 1897, and received his LL.B. degree. <mask> was awarded the honor of Prize Essayist of his senior class. During the Spanish–American War, <mask> served with the 46th U.S. Volunteer Infantry as a major. Following the conflict, <mask> was mustered out of the volunteer service and was appointed military governor of Isabela Province in the Philippine island of Luzon, a post which he held from 1901 to 1902. During the Philippine–American War, <mask> commanded the 1st Battalion of Philippine Scouts from 1904-1906 during the campaign against the Pulajanes, for which he was awarded the Silver Star.He returned to the U.S. in 1907 to attend the Army War College until 1908. World War I

<mask> was a member of the General Staff at the United States Army War College from 1914 to 1917. Following the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was promoted to brigadier general and assigned to command the 180th Infantry Brigade, a unit of the 90th Division. He organized and trained the brigade, which he led to France. After arriving on the Western Front in August 1918, <mask>'s brigade was stationed in the Toul Sector as part of  I Corps,

<mask> was soon assigned to command the 91st Division, taking over from Brigadier General Frederick Steinman Foltz, who had been in temporary command. <mask> was promoted to majo general, and under his command, the 91st Division took part in the St. Mihiel offensive and the Meuse–Argonne offensive, for which he was awarded both the Distinguished Service Cross and Army Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ypres-Lys campaign. For his leadership in the war, <mask> was awarded the French Legion of Honor (Commander) and Croix de Guerre with Palm, the Belgian Order of Leopold I (Commander) and the Victory Medal.Inter-war years
Following the end of the First World War, <mask> and the 91st Division were demobilized. <mask> returned briefly to the Army War College's General Staff before deploying once more to Germany in 1920 as part of the American forces occupying Germany. Over the next three years, <mask> played key roles in the occupying force, as Chief of Staff of American Forces in Germany until 1921, commanding officer of the 1st Brigade until 1922 and as general liaison officer to the French Army of the Rhine until 1923. <mask> returned to the U.S. in 1923 to command the Fourth Coast Artillery District at Fort McPherson, Georgia. The following year, he assumed command of the 3rd Infantry Division, which he led until his retirement in 1925. Family
In June 1888, <mask> married Lucille Barat Wilkinson (1869-1917), a great-granddaughter of Major General James Wilkinson. In 1923, <mask> married Isabelle Gros in Paris, France.With his first wife, <mask> was the father of a daughter, Genevieve. <mask> lived in St. Louis, and became a nun at Villa Duchesne Convent of the Sacred Heart in St. Louis. Retirement and death
In retirement, <mask> resided in Nice, France. He died in Nice on February 19, 1933, after he suffered a heart attack while attending a Red Cross ball. A memorial service was held in the chapel at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, and the honorary pallbearers included generals Stephen O. Fuqua, Harry L. Gilchrist, Samuel Hof, Lytle Brown, John W. Gulick, Oscar Westover. Notes

References

External links

1861 births
1933 deaths
United States Army generals
Washington University School of Law alumni
United States Army War College alumni
People from Cincinnati
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)
Order of Leopold (Belgium)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
United States Army generals of World War I
Saint Louis University faculty
Military personnel from Ohio

masks:
William Hartshorne Johnston Jr
William Hartshorne Johnston Jr
) Johnston
William Hartshorne Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
William Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
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texts:
<mask> (born Ian Bruce, 24 February 1956 – 28 July 2003) was an English musician, vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter, who recorded and performed in a number of bands starting in the late 1970s until his death. His bands included Idle Flowers, Soho Vultures, René Berg Band, along with appearances in Hanoi Rocks, Herman Brood Band, and Jim Penfold's The Killers (1986) (previously known as The Hollywood Killers). Biography

1956–1985
<mask> was born Ian Alistair Bruce in 1956, the oldest child of a GP. He grew up in Wanstead, East London, and at the age of eight went to King's College Choir School in Cambridge as a boarder. When he was 13 the family moved to Eastry, Kent, and Ian transferred to day school and took up fishing, about which, says his sister Fiona, he was "completely passionate". At about the same time he bought his first guitar with Green Shield stamps, and taught himself to play, and the basement of the Eastry house soon became a regular jam session venue. School was followed by three years at catering college.In 1979, he toured Holland with Soho, a band formed by Tim Smit (now director of the Eden Project). The band also featured Sev Lewkowicz (later to play with Mungo Jerry and Dennis Locorriere) on keyboards. In 1981, after a stint in Amsterdam with Herman Brood’s Wild Romance (initially on guitar, but also on lead vocals after Broods was jailed for dealing LSD), <mask>, as he was by then known, returned to the UK and formed Idle Flowers in September 1981. The band opened up for Hanoi Rocks on 20 January 1983 at the Klub Foot, Clarendon and <mask> also guested on guitar with Hanoi Rocks sometime in that year and joined Hanoi Rocks on stage at Birmingham Mermaid on 27 May for the encore. The Idle Flowers recorded many demos for an intended debut LP entitled The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes (which became the title of <mask>'s 1992 solo album) but the recordings remain unreleased. The only official Idle Flowers release was "All I Want Is You" / "Fizz Music" in 1984 on the Miles Ahead label recorded at the Abbey Road Studios. 1985
In March 1985, <mask> was asked by Michael Monroe and Nasty Suicide to join Hanoi Rocks as the band's new bassist (Sami Yaffa having left the band).<mask> was an old friend of the band and had played occasionally with Andy McCoy. The new Hanoi Rocks line-up (which also included one time Clash drummer Terry Chimes filling in after Razzle's death) only lasted a few months before falling apart. However <mask> did record bass on the Rock & Roll Divorce (1985) live album and the final Hanoi Rocks 1985 demos. His self penned song "Fast Car" included on his 1992 solo album, as well as Hanoi Rocks posthumous Lean On Me (1992). The rest of the 1985 demos remain unreleased. On July 30, 1985, while at a party on board  celebrating the release of The Pogues album Rum Sodomy & The Lash, <mask> heroically rescued Richard Fenn (a sub editor for the Melody Maker) from drowning in the Thames after Fenn leaped overboard. 1986–1990
Shortly after the demise of Hanoi Rocks in May 1985, a month later the Idle Flowers broke up in June 1985 after almost a four-year stint together.<mask> kept a low profile before ending up singing lead vocals in 1986 on the Suicide Twins' (Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide's side acoustic band)  Sweet Pretending. In 1986, <mask> grouped with Jim Penfold from The Hollywood Killers and started The Killers who recorded four unreleased demos, appeared on London Weekend TV, and did many shows before disbanding in early 1987. Also in 1987, he played on the Gang Bang Band's 12" EP recorded with Nasty Suicide from Hanoi Rocks, Bernie Torme, Dumpy Dunnell and members of the Quireboys, Babysitters, and Wolfsbane. 1987 proved a very productive year for <mask> who fronted his second band (after the Idle Flowers) called West End Central which quickly evolved into the Soho Vultures with Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) on guitar. Tommy Fox soon replaced Dougie (Idle Flowers) on bass and The Soho Vultures recorded six songs in 1987 that to this day remain unreleased. The Soho Vultures songs recorded were "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", "The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", "Too Late" and "London Town". "Too Late" featured Nasty Suicide on lead vocals while the other songs featured <mask>'s vocals."The Leather", "The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", "Happy", and "Too Late" were to be rerecorded for the band's debut single on Ammunition Records that never came to be. "Head Over Heels", "Can't Get To Sleep", and "The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes", were all recorded for <mask>'s 1992 solo album. Other Soho Vultures tracks played live included the old Idle Flowers songs "Down The Avenue", "Feel Your Love", "Glad I'm Not American", "Rob The Bank", "The Letter", and "Alright Alright" as well as a cover of Hanoi Rocks "Boiler". The Soho Vultures played frequently in London at the Marquee and Dingwall's, toured Finland in September of that year appearing on radio shows, a Finnish TV music programme entitled Rock Stop, and made a rarely seen video for the song "Head Over Heels", before calling it a day in late 1987. 1991–2003
After the Soho Vultures disbanded, <mask> remained quiet for a few years until he scored a bigger record deal and recorded his only solo album The Leather, The Loneliness And Your Dark Eyes released in 1992 on Communique Records. When he arrived back on the scene he was revitalised by the album release, (his first in eight years since the Idle Flowers single) and promoted and played many live dates between 1992–1993 some with his old bandmate Nasty Suicide guesting on guitar. The album featured guitarist Bernie Torme, bassist Paul Gray|and Rat Scabies on drums.A planned tour of Europe and Japan to promote the album was scheduled but was later cancelled. In 1993 <mask> contributed to Nasty Suicide's Cool Talk Injection (1994) album singing lead vocals on the Alvin Gibbs penned song "The Trap That Venus Laid" and backing vocals on two other songs. <mask> died on 28 July 2003 estranged from those who knew him. One of his proudest moments was appearing onstage in New York City, playing with Chuck Berry. His legacy lives on. The Darkness' 2003 hit "I Believe in a Thing Called Love" is close in arrangement to <mask>'s "Rob The Bank". Discography

Idle Flowers
All I Want Is You b/w Fizz Music Single 7" (Mile Ahead Records, 1984)
Studio Demos (Unreleased, 1981–1984)

Songs
London Town
Happy
The Letter (Smash on lead vocals)
Down The Avenue
Feel Your Love
Glad I'm Not American
Lorraine
Pleasures
Girl On The Bus

West End Central
Live Recordings

8/4/87, London, Dingwall's (Unreleased).Band members
Idle Flowers (1981–1985)

<mask>  <mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Smash – Drums
Froze – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Will Power (Jim Hyatt) – Drums
Anthony Thistlethwaite (Nikki Sudden solo & The Waterboys) – Saxophone (on "All I Want Is You" 1984 Single only)

West End Central (1987)

<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Dave Tregunna (Sham 69, Lords of the New Church) – Bass
Dougie – Bass
Tommy Fox – Bass

Soho Vultures (1987)

<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Nasty Suicide (Hanoi Rocks) – Guitars / Vocals
Smash – Drums
Tommy Fox – Bass

<mask> Band (1992–1993)

Studio line up
<mask> – Lead Vocals / Guitars
Bernie Torme (Ozzy Osbourne Band, GILLAN, Torme, Electric Gypsies, Desperado) – Guitars
Rat Scabies (Damned) – Drums
Paul Gray (Eddie and the Hot Rods, Damned, U.F.O.) – Bass

Live line up (1993)
<mask> – Lead vocals / guitar
Darrel Bath (U.K. Subs, Crybabys, Dogs D'Amour) – Guitar / backing vocals
Les Riggs – Drums / Backing vocals (Cheap and Nasty)
Timo Kaltio – Guitar (Cheap and Nasty)
Danny Garcia – Bass / backing vocals (The Crybabys)

References

External links

Sleaze Grinder Website: "Flash Metal <mask>". Retrieved 16 December 2006. Rock Detector Website: "<mask> at MusicMight". Retrieved 16 December 2006. "Soho Vultures". Caughtbytheriver.net

1956 births
2003 deaths
Hanoi Rocks members

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<mask> (November 18, 1929 – October 10, 2019) was a Canadian multi-sport athlete and coach who played basketball, golf, speed skating, swimming, tennis and track and field. She won provincial championships in all six sports and claimed two national basketball titles in 1955 with the Vancouver Eilers and in 1959 with the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. <mask> took five Saskatchewan Senior Women's golf titles and two Canadian Senior Women's golf championships and played for the Canada women's national basketball team at the 1959 Pan American Games. <mask> worked in the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education from 1956 to 1990 and coached the Huskiette basketball team for two periods. She is a member of various halls of fame and a women's rookie of the year trophy was named after her by the University of Saskatchewan. Early life and education
On November 18, 1929, <mask> was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. She was the eldest daughter of English immigrants <mask> from Darlington who worked for the Campbell, Wilson and Millar, dry foods and grocery sellers as well as serving in the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry in World War One action on the Western Front and Irene Victoria Chater of Sunderland.She had one sister. <mask> attended Caswell Elementary School and later Bedford Road Collegiate. She enrolled at the University of Saskatchewan in 1947, and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1950. She then earned a Bachelor of Education degree in 1953. In 1959, <mask> completed a Master's degree at the University of Oregon and a Doctor of Philosophy degree at the University of Southern California eight years later. Career

She took up sport when she entered an under-10 swimming race in her youth and won. <mask> won each of the single track and field events she entered at Caswell Elementary School before enrolling at Bedford Road Collegiate.She went on to claim five Canadian provincial titles in six individual sports: <mask> broke the provisional records for the 220 and 420 yard events in speed skating in 1944, and won the 1947 Canadian Intermediate Ladies Championship title. She won all six of the track and field competitions she entered in the Bedford Road championships in May 1947 and set the high school record in the high jump discipline. That July, <mask> took the women's shot put event at the Canadian Track and Field Championships. In October of that year, she won the 440 yard relay, the running high jump and the broad jump competitions at the Western Canada Intercollegiate Athletic Union track and field championships. Throughout her time as a student athlete at the University of Saskatchewan, she competed on a total of thirteen varisty teams in sports such as basketball, swimming, track and field and tennis. In 1948, <mask> won the women's open singles, the women's open doubles and the mixed open doubles competitions at the Central Saskatchewan Tennis Championships. She claimed victory in the women's competition of the Canadian Amateur Speed Skating Championships in February 1949, and went on to claim wins in each of the 100 yards free style, 50 years back stroke and the 50 years freestyle to tally 15 points in the intercollegiate swimming meet at Sasktoon the following month.<mask> won the ladies' singles, ladies' doubles and mixed doubles at the 1950 Central Saskatchewan Tennis tournament. In 1954, <mask> tied for first with Doreen Ryan for the senior women's title at the Canadian Speed Skating Championship. She was named most valuable player in her debut season with the Saskatchewan Huskies, and went on to claim the 1955 Canadian Basketball Championship playing for the Vancouver Eilers and the 1959 Canadian Basketball Championship as part of the Saskatoon Adilman Aces. <mask> was named to the Canada women's national basketball team for the 1959 Pan American Games in Chicago, one of five Aces players to play for the national squad. At age 40, she took up golf. She won the Saskatchewan Senior Women's championship on five occasions and took the Canadian Senior Women's championship two times for Team Saskatchewan with Barb Danaher, Joanne Goulet and Vivian Holizki. <mask> played for Team Saskatchewan seven times in the Amateur championship and twelve occasions in the Senior championship.She took the Waskesiu Ladies' Lobstick five times over the course of four decades between 1968 and 1991 and chaired the River Ladies Classic competition from 1988 to 1990. <mask> was also a Golf Saskatchewan golf course rater for 15 years, supported junior golfers and was a golf instructor at many Saskatchewan golf courses. During the early to late 1950s, <mask> primarily worked at Nutana Collegiate as a teacher. She also briefly worked in Vancouver and continue her teaching tenure with Britannia Secondary School. In 1956, she joined the University of Saskatchewan's faculty of the Department of Physical Education and was made Women's Athletic Director until 1967. <mask> coached the Huskiette basketball team between 1956 and 1964 and again from 1967 to 1968. Throughout this time period, <mask> declined an offer to coach the Canada women's national basketball team in 1966.The following year, <mask> coached the Huskiette team that competed in the basketball event at the 1967 Canada Winter Games. In 1975, she was appointed to the National Advisory Council on Fitness and Amateur Sport, having previously served on it from 1967 and 1970. <mask> was made chairperson of the council in 1978, and served one term in the position. She was president of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation in 1984, and was a founder member of the Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women in Sport aiming to improve the representation of women at every level of Canadian sport. She retired from the University of Saskatchewan in 1990 to become professor emeritus and delivered the R. Tait Mackenzie Memorial Address. Personal life

Having needed to be given oxygen for a year as a result of fibrosis, <mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer in 2019. On October 10, 2019 she died at the St. Paul’s Hospital in Saskatoon.Legacy and honours
She was named a charter fellow of the North American Society of Health, Physical Education, Sport and Dance Professionals in 2000. <mask> is a member of various Halls of Fame. In 1984, she was added to the University of Saskatchewan Athletic Hall of Fame; the Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1985; the Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame in 1986; the Saskatchewan  Golf Hall of Fame in 2011, the Canada Basketball Hall of Fame in 2019; and the Bedford Road Wall of Honour. In 1996, the College of Kinesiology recognised <mask> as one of the "First and Best" and was presented an University of Saskatchewan alumni achievement award in 2018. The University of Saskatchewan named the <mask> Trophy after her and it is presented to the Saskatchewan Huskies female athletic rookie of the year. References

1929 births
2019 deaths
Canadian people of English descent
University of Saskatchewan alumni
University of Saskatchewan faculty
University of Oregon alumni
University of Southern California alumni
Canadian women's basketball players
Canadian female golfers
Canadian female speed skaters
Canadian female tennis players
Canadian female track and field athletes
Canadian basketball coaches
Basketball players at the 1959 Pan American Games
Pan American Games competitors for Canada
Sportspeople from Saskatoon
20th-century Canadian women
21st-century Canadian women

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<mask> (December 9, 1889 – November 10, 1974) was an American educator and influential education theorist. An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, <mask> became its leading critic affiliated with the school of Social reconstructionism in education. <mask> is credited for influencing several subsequent theories, particularly critical pedagogy. <mask> wrote dozens of important papers and 29 books about education. He was also highly active in politics as a leading advocate of teachers' unions, the head of the American Federation of Teachers, the founder of the New York State Liberal Party, and as a candidate for the U.S. Senate. Influences
<mask> graduated from Baker University in 1911 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then became a high school principal, a science and math teacher, and an athletic coach before heading off to graduate school.While attending graduate school at the University of Chicago in 1913, <mask> was influenced by John Dewey and Francis W. Parker. He planned on majoring in sociology until his brother-in-law encouraged him to go into education. <mask> then decided he would major in education but minor in sociology and social science. During this time he was a student of Charles Hubbard Judd, a leading proponent of the science of education. It was uncommon during this time to combine a career in education with anything other than psychology. <mask> took great pride in knowing he was Judd's first student to not minor in psychology. <mask> earned a doctorate in education at the University of Chicago in 1916.His experience studying sociology under Albion W. Small during this period is attributed for encouraging <mask> to concentrate on the sociological dimension of educational research. Profession

Early career

<mask>' first position was head of the Department of Education at Delaware College from 1916–1918, then as a professor at Harris Teachers College in 1918. <mask> taught at the University of Washington in 1919, then Yale in 1920. Then, in 1926, he taught at the University of Chicago. In 1924 he published The Principles of Education, (1924) with J. Crosby Chapman. During this period <mask> favored Dewey's progressive education model of child-centered learning, and this book provided a broad overview of education from that perspective. In 1926 <mask> returned to the University of Chicago.The next year he began a remarkable tenure at Columbia University Teachers College. He remained here until he was forced to retire in 1955. In 1930 <mask> wrote American Road to Culture a global perspective on education. In this book he identifies ten "controlling ideas" in U.S. education. He also talks about individual success, national solidarity, and philosophic uncertainty. Regarding this book's case about American schools, H. G. Wells said, "the complete ideological sterilization of the common schools of the Republic is demonstrated beyond question. The sterilization was deliberate."Dare the School Build a New Social Order? After publishing two comparative studies of the Soviet education system, The New Russian Primer. (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America. (1931), <mask> was invited to address to the Progressive Education Association. His papers, delivered over three separate speeches, formed the core of the book, Dare the School Build a New Social Order?, published in 1932. <mask> provides a clear examination of the cultural, social and political purposes of education, and proponents the deliberate examination and navigation of teaching for political purposes. In his address <mask> proposed that teachers "dare build a new social order" through a complex, but definitely possible, process.He explained that only through schooling could students be educated for a life in a world transformed by massive changes in science, industry, and technology. <mask> insisted that responsible educators "cannot evade the responsibility of participating actively in the task of reconstituting the democratic tradition and of thus working positively toward a new society." <mask>' address to the PEA and the subsequent publication put him in the forefront of the social reconstructionism movement in education. Conservative educators attacked the premise of <mask>' assertion, and progressive educators recoiled at his criticism of their practices. W. E. B. Du Bois issued a rebuttal to <mask>' assertions that teachers were capable of building a "new social order". In 1935 he spoke to a Georgia African American teacher's convention, curtly discounting the nature of the education system today.Later career

<mask> continued teaching at Columbia. Several of his students, including William Marvin Alexander, went on to notability in the field of education themselves. <mask> retired in 1956. From 1942 to 1944 <mask> served as New York State chairman of the American Labor Party. In 1945 he established the Liberal Party in New York, he ran as its candidate for the United States Senate in 1952. <mask> was the chairman of that party from 1955 to 1959. He was a member of the National Committee of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1940 to 1973, and was President of the American Federation of Teachers from 1939 to 1942.<mask> traveled to the Soviet Union several times in the course of his life, writing several books about Soviet education and comparing Soviet and American education systems. In the 1930s William Randolph Hearst used select statements from interviews with <mask> to portray American university faculty as Communist Party sympathizers. After retirement <mask> served as a visiting professor at the University of Pittsburgh, Michigan State University and Southern Illinois University. Legacy

<mask>' theories continue to draw support from modern educators. Bibliography

The New Russian Primer (1931) and The Soviet Challenge to America (1931) were <mask>' first works, and Dare the School Build a New Social Order? (1932) is regarded as his seminal work. His other books include The Social Foundations of Education (1934); The Prospects of American Democracy (1938); The Country of the Blind (1949), and; Education and American Civilization (1952).He taught at Columbia University Teachers College for almost thirty years. His final publications included Education and the Foundations of Human Freedom (1952) and School and Society in Chicago (1971). Bibliography of writings on <mask>
 Austin, J<mask> <mask> at Teachers College, 1927-1941;: A study in unfulfilled expectations. Braun, R. (2002) Teachers and Power. Touchstone Publishers. Berube, M. (1988) Teacher Politics. Greenwood Press.Cremin, L.A. (1964) The transformation of the American school: Progressivism in American education 1876–1957. New York: Vintage. Gutek, G. (1970) The Educational Theory <mask><mask>. Ohio: Ohio State University Press. Ornstein, A, & Levine, D. (1993) Foundations of Education. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Sheerin, W. (1976) "Educational Scholarship and the Legacy of <mask><mask>," Educational Theory 26(1), 107–112.Dennis, L. (1990) <mask><mask> and Charles A. Beard: Collaborators for Change. (SUNY Series in the Philosophy of Education). State Univ of New York Press. See also

 Harold Rugg
 Theodore Brameld
 Charles A. Beard
 Education theory

References

External links
<mask><mask> Papers, 1907-1974 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Special Collections Research Center

1889 births
1974 deaths
Popular education
American educational theorists
20th-century American educators
Baker University alumni
University of Chicago alumni
University of Delaware faculty
University of Washington faculty
Harris–Stowe State University faculty
Teachers College, Columbia University faculty
Development specialists
Writers about the Soviet Union
American Federation of Teachers people
Liberal Party of New York politicians
Leaders of organizations
People from Baldwin City, Kansas

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