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<mask><mask> is an American novelist and international affairs specialist. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Wellesley. <mask>'s family emigrated from Eastern Europe to Massachusetts in the late 1800s and early 1900s from the Jewish Pale of Settlement. He is married to Camilla Waszink from Norway, and they have two children. <mask> and his family live in Oslo, Norway. <mask> is a graduate of Wellesley High School (1988), Sarah Lawrence College (B.A. in Liberal Arts, 1992), Georgetown University (M.A.in national security studies from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, 1996), The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies of Geneva, Switzerland (D.E.S in international relations, 1998, and Ph.D. 2004) where he graduated with the highest distinction of summa cum laude. He attended St. Catherine's College at the University of Oxford (1995-1996) and later Linacre College (1999-2000) on scholarship from the Europaeum Consortium, also at Oxford. He later published Media Pressure on Foreign Policy: The Evolving Theoretical Framework with Palgrave based on his dissertation "Bad Press." The study offered a theory of media pressure - what it is, how it works, how it can be measured - based in part on 'positioning theory' in discursive psychology. Professor Rom Harré (former head of Philosophy at Oxford) wrote: 'This fascinating book opens up quite new directions in the study of key political processes. Focusing on the alleged influence that the media are supposed to exercise on the political process, <mask> brings two novel sets of considerations to bear. Turning to the history of discussions of media influence he brings to light the profundity of discussions of this very issue in the period during which the Western democratic tradition was being forged.Perhaps more importantly he asks the fundamental question: how could the media influence the political process? To answer this question he makes use of one of the most recent developments in social psychology, positioning theory. This is an original and powerful study, and deserves to be very widely read.' International affairs

<mask> has worked in international affairs since 1994, starting his career as an intern on Capitol Hill for then-Senator William S. Cohen (R - Maine). He was the founding editor of Georgetown's National Security Studies Quarterly and has held positions with, or consulted for, many think tanks and organizations including The Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations at Geneva; The Small Arms Survey; International Alert; the United Nations Development Programme; and The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research among others. <mask> founded The Policy Lab® in 2011 where he is Director. Additionally, he is (since 2015) Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, Salve Regina University, and Research Associate at the Centre on Conflict, Development, and Peacebuilding at the Graduate Institute Geneva.In 2018, <mask> helped found and launch Voices Between: Stories Against Extremism, an initiative by storytellers to innovate learning about war and peace. Novels

In January 2013 The Times newspaper said <mask>en Damm (2010) as Et merkelig sted å dø. The novel's first English-language publisher was Scribe in Australia (2013), followed by Faber and Faber in the UK, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in the U.S. It was later published in many other countries. Norwegian by Night received many favorable reviews. It was shortlisted for seven literary awards winning the Crime Writers' Association's John Creasy Dagger Award for a debut crime novel.It was also awarded the eDunnit Award and the Goldsboro Last Laugh Award and was nominated for the Strand Magazine Critic's Award for Best First Novel, the American Bookseller's Association's 2014 Indie Choice Award, Barry Award for Best First Novel, and the Macavity Award for Best First Mystery. Pulitzer Prize winner Richard Russo wrote that it was "one of those books that completely transcends its genre and offers us one of the most memorable characters — Sheldon Horowitz — that I’ve encountered in years." <mask>'s second novel, The Girl in Green (2016), was also published by Faber and Faber. In the UK it was short-listed for the 2017 Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award for the "best crime novel of the year" with the judges writing that "after his award-winning debut, Norwegian by Night, <mask> <mask> has delivered a blistering and powerful successor in The Girl in Green, set against the backdrop of war-torn Iraq. This is a thought-provoking tour de force with unforgettable characters – one not to be missed." It was a Shelf Awareness Best Book of 2017. In 2019, Karl Marlantes (winner of the Navy Cross and author of  Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War), wrote for The Wall Street Journal that The Girl in Green "is page-turning adventure and humor overlaid on bungling bureaucracy and the sorrows of war.It’s up there with 'Catch-22' … [and] In Arwood Hobbes, Mr. <mask> beautifully captures the sardonic language of the American grunt. The novel is a superb example of Wavy Gravy’s comment in the aftermath of a disaster, that, 'Without a sense of humor, it just isn’t funny.'" <mask>'s third novel, American by Day (2018), was published by Transworld at Penguin Random House. Like The Girl in Green, it was also short-listed for the Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award (2019). Richard Russo, on reading American by Day, wrote, "Sure <mask>'s novels are smart and full of heart and savvy and hilarious, but even more than all of this, he's fun. He's as dedicated as any writer I know to the proposition that readers should enjoy themselves, should delight in the experience of life and language. If our hearts get broken along the way, so much the better."Val McDermid picked American by Day for her Best Crime Fiction of 2019 for Five Books, writing, "American by Day is engagingly written. <mask> isn’t afraid to write characters who are opinionated. They don’t hold their tongue about what they believe in, they let rip. People are angry, people are passionate. I love the unorthodoxy of it, I suppose. It’s not what you expect it to be." <mask>'s fourth novel, Radio Life (2021) is his debut into science fiction and will be published by Jo Fletcher Books (UK)."In this riveting political thriller, The Commonwealth, a post-apocalyptic civilisation on the rise, is locked in a clash of ideas with the Keepers, a fight which threatens to destroy the world . . . again." Novelist <mask> wrote, "It’s one of the most captivating epics I’ve read in ages, evoking a convincing sense of fragile social structure reminiscent of China Miéville at his best, in combination with a philosophical underpinning that lends real weight to the stakes. It reads like Mad Max as imagined by Neal Stephenson. It’s luxuriantly immersive, truly transporting in a way that is invaluable during these trying times." It was picked for best new science fiction by the Financial Times  and The Guardian, and Best New Thriller by The Sunday Times.<mask>'s fifth novel, How to Find Your Way in the Dark (2021) is the long-anticipated prequel to Norwegian by Night. Again by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, it is described as, "A coming-of-age story set during the rising tide of World War II, How to Find Your Way in the Dark follows Sheldon Horowitz from his humble start in a cabin in the Berkshires of Massachusetts, through the trauma of his father’s murder and the murky experience of assimilation in Hartford, Connecticut, to the birth of stand-up comedy in the Catskills — all while he and his friends are beset by anti-Semitic neighbors, employers, and criminals." The New York Times gave it a glowing review, writing: ″I am convinced that <mask><mask>’s HOW TO FIND YOUR WAY IN THE DARK (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 368 pp., $26) was expressly tailored to my tastes and that I am its ideal reader. I suspect others will feel the same way; it’s that kind of book … In less confident hands the many moving parts would collapse into a jumble. <mask>, however, juggles each element effortlessly. His character portraits are indelible, often heartbreaking. At times this novel moved me to tears, the highest possible compliment.".The novel was selected by The New York Times as a Best Mystery Novel of the Year for 2021. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American writers
American expatriates in Norway
American expatriates in Spain
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
Wellesley High School alumni

masks:
Derek B
. Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Derek Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Millerpel
Miller
Derek B
Miller
Miller
Miller
Derek Miller
Miller
Miller
Christopher Brookmyre
Miller
Derek B
. Miller
Miller


type: original

texts:
<mask> "Tony<mask> (1940 – October 7, 1996) was an American Chicano artist, poet, and writer who explored issues of Chicano identity and American society. Early career
In 1960 <mask> joined the United States Air Force. After spending a year in Iceland, where he wrote extensively as part of his job, he was sent to Zaragoza, Spain, for three years. There he discovered the work of Spanish poet, Federico García Lorca. After completing his military service, he earned a B.A. in fine arts from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1968 and started work as an illustrator and graphic artist, first in Mineral Wells, Texas (an experience he later recorded in an "Hispanic Link" column called "Mineral Wells—A Near and Distant Memory"), and then in Washington, D.C., where he began his participation in the Chicano movement and where he met Cecilia Preciado, whom he married in 1972. Writing career
After moving to California in 1974 so Cecilia could work at Stanford University, <mask> started writing reviews and columns for local journals and newspapers.In 1985 he became a freelance contributor to the syndicated column "Hispanic Link" and the Pacific News Service. On May 5, 1984, he helped found the Latino comedy troupe, Culture Clash at the Galería de la Raza in San Francisco's Mission District along with Marga Gómez, Monica Palacios, Richard Montoya, Ric Salinas, and Herbert Sigüenza. Tony continued performing with the group until 1988. Tony and <mask> lived near Stanford University, where Cecilia served in various positions, including Associate Dean of Graduate Studies, Associate Provost for Faculty Affairs, and Assistant to the President as Director of the Office of Chicano Affairs. In her post, she became very active in the support and formation of the Chicano community at Stanford, including the creation of El Centro Chicano, a Chicano/Latino student center. <mask> continued his writing and drawing. In 1985, Tony and Cecilia became Resident Fellows in Casa Zapata, a unique Chicano theme dormitory where approximately half of the residents were Chicano undergraduate students.Tony, Cecilia, and their two children lived in a small apartment attached to the dormitory. The dormitory put on various Chicano and Latino-related educational events and gatherings, and was also well known for its history of mural art. In Casa Zapata, <mask> contributed to this tradition, and painted several murals with students. His most well-known mural is the critically acclaimed "Last Supper of Chicano Heroes" in the Casa Zapata dining hall. The students of the dorm filled out a survey about who their heroes were, then Burciaga placed these figures sitting around the table in the traditional image of "The Last Supper." Included in this image were people such as Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Ignacio Zaragoza, César Chávez, Che Guevara, Martin Luther King Jr. and others. It is part of a larger mural entitled "The History of Maize."Both of the Burciagas served as Resident Fellows until 1994. As a writer, <mask> became increasingly successful in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the publication of several books. Weedee Peepo (1988), Drink Cultura (1993), and Spilling the Beans (1995) are all collections of essay exploring social issues with a bilingual blend of wit and wisdom. His 1992 book of poetry, Undocumented Love, won the American Book Award. Through his writings, he regularly spoke at various community-based events for social justice in the San Francisco Bay Area including East Palo Alto, Redwood City, and San Jose. <mask> was intensely involved in supporting actions for social justice including opposing anti-immigration movements such as California Proposition 187 and other English-only policies. In 1995, while in remission from cancer, <mask> won the Hispanic Heritage Award for Literature.<mask> died on October 7, 1996. At the time, he was working on his first novel about a group of friends growing up in El Paso, Texas. In 1997, In Few Words/ En Pocas Palabras: A Compendium of Latino Folk Wit and Wisdom, was published posthumously. <mask>'s success as a muralist, poet, journalist, and humorist was in his versatility and virtuosity with language. He wrote in Spanish, English, and combinations of the two to express social criticism and his deep feelings of alienation. Francisco Lomelí and Donaldo Urioste, in their review (De Colores, 1977) of Restless Serpents (1976), said that his poetry "is powered by an incisive sense of irony with the purpose of criticizing set or ignored truths.... His critical approach becomes effective because his attacks avoid demagogic or abstract declarations." <mask>'s appeal as a writer lay in his sense of humor, which he used to satirize the rigidity of a system still clinging to traditions of racism and discrimination.(2008)

Further reading

 Rindfleisch, Jan, with articles by Maribel Alvarez and Raj Jayadev, edited by Nancy Hom and Ann Sherman. Roots and Offshoots: Silicon Valley's Arts Community. Santa Clara, CA: Ginger Press., 2017. See also

 History of the Mexican-Americans in Texas

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> (1940–1996) Cal-State Northridge, 20 years of Culture Clash
 <mask> Burciaga Galeria de la Raza
 Jose <mask> Papers housed at Stanford University Libraries

20th-century American novelists
University of Texas at El Paso alumni
American writers of Mexican descent
Mission District, San Francisco
1996 deaths
1940 births
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
People from El Paso, Texas
Novelists from Texas
Painters from Texas
American muralists
20th-century American poets
American male novelists
American male essayists
American male poets
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American essayists
American Book Award winners
20th-century American male writers

masks:
José Antonio
" Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Cecilia Burciaga
Tony Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
José Antonio
Burciaga
José Antonio
Antonio Burciaga


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<mask> (1789-1855) was wealthy and influential Guatemalan merchant family and an important conservative politician. A younger son of the first marquis of Aycinena, peninsular-born <mask>cinena (1729-1796), <mask> was a leader of Guatemalan independence from Spain. He served governor of the State of Guatemala in the Central American Federation from 1 March 1827 to 12 April 1829 and patriarch of the <mask>io. He was one of the signatories of Central American independence and lobbied heavily for the annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. This arrangement would keep the family's economic position and privileges following independence. After being expelled along with the <mask> family in 1829 after being defeated by Francisco Morazán, went into exile in the United States and then to Mexico.He came back to Guatemala after the conservatives had allied with general Rafael Carrera; but then he retired from public life and hand the <mask>cinena family leadership to Juan José <mask> <mask>. Biography

Member and leader of the most influential family in the Guatemalan region during the Spanish colonial era, he clashed with Captain General <mask> Bustamante <mask> when <mask> <mask> was in charge of the Ayuntamiento (city council) in 1812. In 1821, Fernando VII power in Spain was weakened by French invasions and other conflicts, and Mexico declared the Plan de Iguala; this led <mask> <mask> and other criollos to demand the weak Captain General Gabino Gaínza to declare Guatemala and the rest of Central America as an independent entity. <mask> <mask> was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of Central America from the Spanish Empire, and then lobbied strongly for the annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín <mask>, due to its conservative and ecclesiastical nature. <mask> remained in the legislature and was advisor of the Governors of Guatemala in the next few years. In October 1826, Central American Federation president Manuel José <mask> <mask> dissolved the Legislature and tried to establish a Unitarian System for the region, switching from the Liberal to the Conservative party, that <mask> led. The rest of Central America did not want this system; they wanted the <mask> family out of power altogether, and therefore, the Central American Civil War (1826-1829) started.From this war emerged the dominant figure of the Honduran general Francisco Morazán. Governor of the State of Guatemala

<mask> was appointed as Governor of Guatemala on 1 March 1827 by president Manuel José Arce. His time in office was a dictatorship: he censored free press and any book with liberal
ideology was forbidden. He also establisher Martial Law and the retroactive death penalty. He reinstated mandatory tithing for the secular clergy of the Catholic Church

Invasion of General Morazán in 1829

Morazán and his liberal forces were fighting around San Miguel, in El Salvador beating any conservative federal forces sent by Guatemalan general Manuel Arzú from San Salvador. Then, Arzú decided to take matters in his own hands and left colonel Montúfar in charge of San Salvador and went after Morazan. After realizing that Arzu was after him, Morazan left for Honduras to look for more volunteers for his army.On September 20, Manuel Arzá was close to the Lempa River with 500 men, when he was notified that the rest of his army had capitulated in San Salvador. Morazan then went back to El Salvador with a considerable army and general Arzú, feigning a sickness, fled to Guatemala, leaving lieutenant colonel <mask> <mask> in command. <mask> and his 500 troops were going to Honduras when they were intercepted by Morazan troops in San Antonio, forcing <mask>cinena to concede defeat on October 9. With <mask>na defeat, there were no more conservative federal troops in El Salvador. On October 23, general Morazán marched triumphally in San Salvador. A few days later, he went to Ahuachapán, to organize an army to take down the conservative aristocrats led by <mask> <mask> in Guatemala and establish a regime favorable to the central American Federation that was the dream of the liberal criollos. Upon learning this, <mask> <mask> tried to negotiate with Morazán to no avail: Morazán was willing to take down the aristocrats at all costs.After his victory in San Miguelito, Morazán's army increased in size given that a lot of voluntaries from Guatemala joined him. On March 15, when Morazan and his army were on their way to occupy their previous positions, they were intercepted by federal troops in Las Charcas. However, Morazán had a better position and smashed the federal army. The battle field was left littered with corpses, while the allies took a great number of prisoners and weaponry. The allies continued to recapture their old positions in San José Pinula and Aceituno, and place Guatemala City under siege once again. General Verveer, Ambassador from the ruler of The Netherlands and Belgium before the Central American government and who was in Guatemala to negotiate the construction of a transoceanic canal in Nicaragua, tried to mediate between the State of Guatemala and Morazán, but did not succeed. Military operations continued, with great success for the allies.To prepare for the siege from Morazán troops, on 18 March 1829, <mask> decreed martial law, but he was soundly defeated. On 12 April 1829, <mask> conceded defeat and he and Morazán signed an armistice pact; then, he was sent to prison, along with his Cabinet members and the <mask> family was secluded in their mansion. Morazán, however, annulled the pact on April 20, since his real objective was to take power away from the conservatives and the Catholic Church in Guatemala, whom the Central American leaders despised since they had had the commerce and power monopoly during the Spanish Colony. In these battles Rafael Carrera was only a 15-year-old soldier, whose family suffered humiliation and mistreatment by Morazán's troops; José Batres Montúfar and Miguel García Granados also fought for Guatemala and were taken prisoners;  and Manuel Francisco Pavón <mask>, cousin of <mask> <mask>, was a lieutenant colonel in the  Guatemalan Army. Exile

On 26 April 1829, from prison, <mask> sent a letter a Morazán, protesting the pact annulment. He also pointed out to the liberal leader that there was no reason to break the pact and that, after all, he was the only responsible for what had happened and not the rest of the <mask> family. But Morazán expelled all of them and most of the regular clergy from Central America and confiscated most of their belongings.He returned to Guatemala six years later, but had to go into exile once again, this time to Comitán, México. Finally, he returned to Guatemala in 1837, was in the legislature and was in charge of the Consulado de Comercio -Conservartive Merchant association of Guatemala-. Death

<mask> <mask> returned to Guatemala after general Rafael Carrera established himself firmly in power. <mask> retired from public life, handing over the <mask>na family leadership to Juan José <mask> <mask>. He died in 1855, at a time that Manuel Francisco Pavón <mask> had been successful in naming Carrera as President for Life and Guatemala was prosperous and in peace for the first time since the Independence. See also

 Francisco Morazán

References

Bibliography

Wortman, Miles. Government and Society in Central America, 1680-1840.(1982)

Notes

1789 births
1855 deaths
People from Guatemala City
Conservatism in Guatemala
Guatemalan people of Spanish descent
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala alumni
19th-century Guatemalan people
Guatemalan politicians
Members of the <mask> family in Central America

masks:
Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol
Juan Fermín de Ay
Mariano
Aycinenaado de Comerc
Aycinena
Ay
de Aycinena
y Piñol
José de
y Guerra
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
de Itbide
Aycinena
de Arce
y Fagoaga
Aycinena
Ayna
Aycinena
Antonio de
Aycinena
Aycinena
Ay
Aycine
Mariano Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycine
de Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena


texts:
<mask> (24 March 1921 – 2 July 2005) was an English mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. Early life
He was brought up and educated in Nelson, Lancashire. Before World War II, he was apprenticed in pharmacy. However, at the outbreak of war, he left to volunteer for the R.A.F. in which he served for six years. He flew with No. 31 Squadron RAF in India and Burma, flying in much needed supplies to the 14th Army who were stranded behind Japanese lines, for which he was mentioned in despatches.After the war he became a schoolmaster. He taught geography and science in Nelson and Redcar, during which time he would voluntarily undertake extracurricular activities after school hours and weekends introducing his students to the mountains. He was an avid and skilful photographer, something that lasted throughout his life, much of this work was used on lecture tours around the world, books that he wrote, pictures and detailed information for books that other people requested for their publications, magazine articles, the BBC etc. Mountaineering and educational achievements

He started climbing on the Yorkshire Moors, and later moved to the Lake District and Scotland. His experience as a first-class rock climber was crucial to becoming Instructor and later Chief Instructor at the RAF Mountaineering Centre at Sonamarg in Kashmir. 1944 Chief Instructor at the R.A.F. Mountain Training Centre, Kashmir Himalaya
 1952 Member of the British N.W.Garhwal Expedition – Central Himalaya
 1953 First reserve on the first ascent of Chomolungma (Mount Everest) (pre-monsoon), and was involved with all initial training including climbing in North Wales with oxygen tanks. <mask> was a full member of the post monsoon expedition, however as the first expedition summited the post monsoon expedition was cancelled. Further related information can be found in the Pen-y-Gwryd article. 1954 Was the mountaineering leader of the Daily Mail Abominable Snowman Expedition (Yeti), where the first trek from Everest to Kangchenjunga was completed. 1955 Published his first book, More than Mountains. 1955 Member of the 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition which climbed the 28,208 ft mountain, the third-highest in the world. He reached and set up camp five (out of six) with Tom Mackinon.The entire group would have summited except for the encroaching monsoon which prevented this. 1957 October 28. Two years as Chief Instructor at Plas y Brenin, <mask> having resigned after only a short period, working for The Central Council of Physical Recreation (CCPR). Early 1960 was a Senior member of Sir <mask>'s expedition to North East Greenland, Stauning Alps. A mixed group of mountaineers and scientists but also (and a credit to the expedition) were 18 Duke of Edinburgh Gold Award winners. <mask> was a big proponent of the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme. 1960 He became the second Director/Warden of Plas y Brenin for a further sixteen years until 1976.During his tenure at Plas y Brenin, to highlight just a few achievements:
 First dry ski slope in North Wales built mainly by staff but in the main by Richard McHardy, it was a great success and would attract people from all over Wales and England. The first cross-country dry ski track in Wales and possibly the UK, later tested and used by the British Biathlon Team. Two snow-making projects, the first being at Rhyddolion above Betws-y-Coed North Wales using an underpowered compressor, the second being at Bryn Engan, Plas y Brenin with a more powerful compressor
 Instigator of the Mountain Leader Training Board along with Sir Jack Longland, the MLT Certificate and the Mountain Instructor Certificate. Built the first all-weather training pool for teaching canoeing and life-saving skills and still very much in action to this day. He understood the value of marketing and would devote a good part of his time single-handedly lecturing to colleges, universities, Local Education Authorities, schools, Mountaineering – Climbing – Walking and ski clubs (anyone who wanted to use the outdoors) to encourage people to use the Centre; his approach proved an enormous success and was pivotal in establishing Plas y Brenin as a world leader in outdoor education. Took the first early ski and ski mountaineering groups to the Italian Dolomites; these were the "Dolomiti Superski" courses at Plas Menai and now are now mainstay activities at both outdoor centres. It was always a high point when staff took up prominent positions or created their own projects that became successful.For example, Don Roscoe and Barbara Sparks went on to run the Outdoor Education Department at UCNW Bangor, Dave Alcock went on from being a Mountaineering Instructor to be the Director of Plas y Brenin for eleven years, Roger Orgill was twice Chief Instructor (after resigning at least once) was an avid committee man and was awarded an MBE. 1963 Member of Trans-Pindus Expedition, Greece – Leader <mask>
 1970s Published Safety on Mountains for the CCPR in the very early 1970s, which reached its 8th reprint by 1972 (18p). 1976 "The Himachal Expedition": with his wife Eileen, he made a nine-month overland journey from Anglesey, Wales to Nepal and back, some 18,000 miles, in a specially strengthened camper van. En route, they gathered a wealth of photographic narrative, used in educational lecture tours in later life and indeed still used today as reference material by many periodicals. 1978 Became the first Director of the then named Plas y Deri, later to become Plas Menai Water Sports Centre near Caernarfon for the "Sports Council of Wales". Again he vigorously took to the lecture circuit indirectly marketing the centre. During this time he developed many new idea above and beyond his purview.1981 Leader of the Gorphwysfa Expedition to S.E. Garhwal – Nanda Devi/Trisul area, made ascent of Bethartoli Himal South c. 21,000 ft.
 1987 Leader of Canadian, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Outdoor Adventure Leadership Programme, Physical Education Study Tour "Kashmir Himalaya Expedition 1987". Climbed Kolahoi and researched Mini-Ice-Age in the area as well as study of alpine flora and climate of the region by Professors Courtin and Beckett, Biology Department Laurentian University. 1990 1990 Ascent of Mount Kilimanjero, East Africa and ascent of Point Lenana on Mount Kenya
 2000 at the age of eighty led the Markha Valley Trek/ascent of Stok Kangri 20,100 ft, Ladakh

Within the public engagement framework rules laid down by the CCPR that effectively prevented him from actually sitting on committees of external bodies, he extensively guided major governing bodies, i.e. the B.M.C and M.L.T.B, to become involved with all aspects of "Outdoor Pursuits", not solely the climbing aspects. With the assistance of a grant made by the then Sports Minister Dennis Howell, he was able to build the canoe training pool, extend the dry ski slope and provide a Bar which added greatly to the existing facilities of the Centre. Wrote extensively for many magazines and journals, e.g.Climber and Rambler, The Great Outdoors, The Himalayan Club, The Fell and Rock Journal and the Alpine Journal. Success Factors
<mask>'s successes came from a complete love of being in the mountains, his direct and single mindedly focused attitude in bringing about necessary changes in safety in the mountains, quality instruction and training, and the importance of having this process monitored and certifiable qualifications be obtained. <mask>'s determined approach often brought him into conflict with the politically motivated individuals in the sport, they would wait until he retired in an attempt to redress old scores, however despite these difficulties he still managed to establish Plas y Brenin as the pre-eminent outdoor pursuits centre in the UK and was known worldwide for its excellence. Later life
He ran (with the aid of his wife, <mask>) countless treks to the Himalaya, Zanskar, Kashmir, Nepal, India, Peru, Ecuador & Galapagos Islands, Kilimanjaro. It is important to relate that he did not do this for money – he received no payment for these services as he considered it his "hobby" – he did this work for the love of travel, for the people who wanted to experience the mountains he held in such high regard. In June 2005, he was interviewed for the last time, by Jamie Owen for BBC Wales during the making of a series of documentaries for Welsh television "Welsh Journeys". In this interview, he again re-affirmed his love for mountains, Wales, lives experiences and also the view that mountains were for everybody.Publications
 <mask><mask> Climbers Guide to Sonamarg  Kashmir published by the Himalayan Club in 1944/45 and revised by JAJ in 1976
 <mask> A<mask>, More than Mountains (first published in 1955 by George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd)
 <mask>,  Safety on Mountains (8th Edition published by (CCPR) The Central Council of Physical Recreation, in 1972, Illustrated by Gordon F. Mansell)
 <mask>,  Safety on Mountains (revised for the (BMC) British Mountaineering Council 1974/1975 Reprinted 1976, Illustrated by Reg Cartwright, )
 <mask>, <mask>, Tim Jepson, Safety on Mountains: An Approach to Mountain Adventure for Beginners (BMC, 1988/1989,  )
 <mask> <mask>, Adventure Travels in the Himalaya (First published in 2005 by Indus Publishing, New Delhi, ,  www.indusbooks.com), Foreword by Harish Kapadia

Further reading
 "The Alpine Journal", Vol. 66, No. 303, 1961. pp. 250–260, 1960 Greenland Expedition by J.A<mask>, A. Blacksahw and Ian McNaught-Davis
 "The Himalayan Journal", No. 41, pp. 25 & 41, 1988
 "The Himalayan Club – 50th Anniversary Ascent of Kangchenjunga", The Himalayan Journal, 2005."The Splendid Enterprise – The First Fifty Years of Plas y Brenin The National Mountain Centre (UK)", by Lyndsey King, Published 2006,
 <mask> <mask> Resume/CV

Other reference material
Jamie Owen, Welsh Journeys (Published in 2005, by Gomer Press, www.gomer.co.uk, , Snowdonia – pages 79 – 101)

External links
External Website
 <mask> <mask> website

Books still in Print
 Adventure Travels in the Himalaya

Obituaries
 The Guardian
 The Times
 The Daily Telegraph
 The Independent
 Daily Post
  The Gorphwysfa Club, Wales
 The Hindu – Kangchenjunga Reunion 2005'''
 The Hindu – Related Publications

1921 births
2005 deaths
English explorers
English mountain climbers
English non-fiction writers
English male canoeists
English male alpine skiers
People from Nelson, Lancashire
English male non-fiction writers
20th-century English male writers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
British people in colonial India
British people of colonial Burma

masks:
John Angelo Jackson
Jackson
John Disley
John Hunt
Jackson
John Hunt
Jackson
Jackson
Eileen Jackson
John A
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John
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John Jackson
John Jackson
John Jackson
John Barry
John Angelo
Jackson
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John Angelo
Jackson
John Angelo
Jackson


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<mask> (born <mask>, April 8, 1959 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan artist, writer, philanthropist and environmental advocate living in Austin, Texas. Early life

The <mask> family moved to Europe when she was 3 years old. She spent her childhood and adolescence in Spain, France and Italy. She returned to Caracas, Venezuela and studied art, design and architecture earning a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1987 from Universidad Central de Venezuela. In the early 70s, while living in Madrid, Spain, she attended as an unregistered student (due to her young age) to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando where she discovered the power of art to communicate and promote causes. Artist

Since the beginning of her career <mask> explores the coexistence between humans and environment through social and political issues. Her art work is supported by the versatile use of diverse materials, applied in installations, paintings, sculptures, photography and video, challenging the viewer through the use of new techniques and unconventional materials in the making of her art.As a minimalistic conceptualist, her own approach to the materials and techniques used in the artwork is that concepts translate through matter. Environmental advocate

Her work is based in promoting a conscious use of natural resources and technology. Since 2007, for her exhibitions she holds discussion panels pertinent to the show, that bring together the community and experts in diverse fields as well as workshops which promote ecological awareness. During interviews on radio, television or magazines, she makes a call for reflection over environmental issues. In 2012 her work was selected to be displayed and to be the image of a conference about issues of dependence on oil as an energy source and on the human rights consequences of that reliance, held at the University of Texas at Austin organized by the Center for Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law and the Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice. In 2016 her artwork "Let's Talk Volume" was selected by the City of Austin, Texas through the program of Art in Public Places, to be installed for the occasion of celebrating International Environment Day. Philanthropist

Through her art and its visual power to provoke thought, <mask> <mask> Lee Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin, and she gives free lectures about the subject. Writer

<mask> <mask> <mask> has published in limited edition and in Spanish two books; "Nightly Exercises Notebook" (1995) and "Made with Fiber" (2003), and three art research studies "Matter, Time, and Space" (1997), "Metallic Light" (2006), "Extra Virgin Petrus Oil", 2008. She collaborated with Le Club monthly magazine in Caracas, Venezuela, La Gazette du Jeudi, weekly publication in Paris France, and currently contributes to Viceversa magazine in New York. Career

<mask> <mask> <mask> has participated in 26 solo and 36 group exhibitions in Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, New York, Miami, New Mexico and Texas. In 1985 and 1986 she was an assistant professor in Design 07 and Taller Ventrillon (hand free drawing) at Universidad Central.In 1990 she founded the utilitarian art firm Neo-Arkhos and served as Director until 1994 promoting contemporary designers. From 2007 to 2009 she served as Director for Fundaya Foundation a nonprofit organization whose mission was to aid indigenous populations in Venezuela . Since 2014 is part of the Board of International Woman's Foundation based in Marfa, Texas that provides residencies for artists and promotes their work. In 2014 she co-founded the "Crosswalk Project" to improve pedestrian and handicap safety for the urban environment. She has given several art lectures and workshops in Venezuela, Texas and Italy. She is a member of the Accademia di Arte di la Citta di Ferrara, Italy and of Mexic-Arte Museum in Austin Texas. Solo Exhibitions
 1995 Dimelo Tu.Galeria El Muro, Caracas, Venezuela
 1996 Blue. Galeria El Muro, Caracas, Venezuela
 1997 Retratos. Galeria Ars Forum, Caracas, Venezuela
 1998 De Suenos, Ilusiones, Laberintos y Temores, Galeria Ars Forum, Caracas, Venezuela
 2000 Penelope's Tapestries. Venezuelan Consulate in N.Y., N.Y.
 2000 Penelope's Tapestries. Eastern National Bank, Miami, FL
 2001 Aqua. 1221 Brickell Ave. Miami, FL
 2002 Windows. Galeria Punto de Arte, Caracas, Venezuela
 2002 Windows.Museo del Discurso de Angostura, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
 2003 En Tono de Fibra. Sala de Arte Sidor (Siderurgica del Orinoco) Puerto Ordaz, Venezuela
 2007 Mares Metalicos. Monumento Historico La Rocca, Cento, Italy
 2007 Mares Metalicos. Galleria Il Carbone, Ferrara, Italy
 2008 Mares Metalicos. Gallerie Expression Libre, Paris, France
 2011 Extra Virgin Petrus Oil. Petroleum Museum, TX
 2012 Extra Virgin Petrus Oil. Rapoport Center for Human Rights & Energy Center University of Texas, Austin, TX
 2012 El Dorado.Benson Collection University of Texas, Austin, TX
 2012 El Dorado. Delizia di Belriguardo, Ferrara, Italy
 2013 Extra Virgin Petrus Oil. Nina Torres Fine Art Miami, FL
 2013 Evpo. Caridi Gallery, Miami, FL
 2014 Marfa's Phantoms. Historic Landmark & Museum Building 98, Marfa, TX
 2014 Extra Virgin Petrus Oil. LUHCA, Lubbock, TX
 2014 Wandering Skin. OBE, Austin, TX
 2015 No Particular Shape.Ferrara, Italy, presented by Galleria Dil Carbone. Ferrara, Italy
 2015 Evpo. Greasewood Gallery, Marfa, TX
 2015 Extra Virgin Petrus Oil. Warehouse 1–10, Magdalena, NM
 2016 "Petro Poems" ESB-MACC, Austin, TX

Museum Collections
 MexicArte Museum, Austin TX
 Museo de Arte Contemporáneo del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela. Latin American Art Museum, Miami, FL. Galleria D'Arte Moderno di Cento, Bologna, Italy
 Petroleum Museum, Midland, TX

References

External links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20160206162804/http://www.godignacollet.com/
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/benson
http://www.mexic-artemuseum.org/
http://www.internationalwomansfoundation.org/
http://marfapublicradio.org/blog/west-texas-talk/artist-mery-godigna-collet-at-building-98/

Artists from Caracas
Living people
1959 births
Venezuelan expatriates in the United States
Central University of Venezuela alumni
South American environmentalists
Women environmentalists
Venezuelan artists
Venezuelan activists

masks:
Mery Godigna Collet
Mery Beatriz Antonieta Godigna Collet
Godigna Collet
Godigna Collet
Godigna
Collettie
Mery
Godigna
Collet
Mery
Godigna
Collet


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<mask> (<mask>, L. D. <mask>) (April 17, 1941 – June 16, 2014) was an American poet, short story writer, and Faulkner scholar. Life
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1941, where he attended St. Louis Country Day School. After earning a B.A., magna cum laude, at Yale University in 1963, he received an M.A. in English from Washington University in 1967 and an M.A. in Creative Writing from San Francisco State University the following year. He married Jan Hofmann July 8, 1970 and had two children. From 1968 to 1987, while continuing to write poetry, he assisted in managing a 350-person men’s-clothing factory in Farmington, Missouri, and started one of the Midwest’s first factory-outlet apparel chains.From 1980 to 1991, he taught English and creative writing, part-time, at Mineral Area College, in nearby Flat River. From 1987 onward, he lived in St. Louis, with his wife and his daughter and son, and devoted himself to composing poems and short fictions. <mask> authored eighty-four volumes of poetry (five of which have been published in French by Éditions Gallimard) and twenty-five volumes of prose, including nine books of scholarship on William Faulkner and nine books of short fictions. His poems and essays have appeared in Harper’s, Faulkner Journal, Southern Review, Texas Quarterly, National Forum, American Scholar, Studies in Bibliography, Kansas Quarterly, Forum, Cimarron Review, and Literary Review, as well as in Ariel, Acumen, Orbis, New Welsh Review, Dalhousie Review, and other journals. His work has also been printed in five editions of the Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry. <mask>’s You Can’t Go Back, Exactly won the Center for Great Lakes Culture's (Michigan State University) 2004 best book of poetry award. His most recent books of poetry include A Mississippi Trilogy and The Words of My Mouth and The Meditations of My Heart, which he wrote during his year-plus-long journey living with brain cancer.He died of cancer in June 2014. Work

You can learn more about <mask> Brodsky and read samples of his most recent work by visiting his web site at: http://www.louisdanielbrodsky.com

Bibliography

Poetry
(all published by Time Being Books, St. Louis, MO):
 Five Facets of Myself (1967)* (1995)
 The Easy Philosopher (1967)* (1995)
 A Hard Coming of It and Other Poems (1967)* (1995)
 The Foul Rag-and-Bone Shop (1967)* (1969, exp. )* (1995, exp.) Points in Time (1971)* (1995) (1996)
 Taking the Back Road Home (1972)* (1997) (2000)
 Trip to Tipton and Other Compulsions (1973)* (1997)
 The Talking Machine and Other Poems (1974)* (1997)
 Tiffany Shade (1974)* (1997)
 Trilogy: A Birth Cycle (1974) (1998)
 Cold Companionable Streams (1975)* (1999)
 Monday's Child (1975) (1998)
 Preparing for Incarnations (1975)* (1976, exp.) (1999) (1999, exp.) The Kingdom of Gewgaw (1976) (2000)
 Point of Americas II (1976) (1998)
 La Preciosa (1977) (2001)
 Stranded in the Land of Transients (1978) (2000)
 The Uncelebrated Ceremony of Pants-Factory Fatso (1978) (2001)
 Birds in Passage (1980) (2001)
 Résumé of a Scrapegoat (1980) (2001)
 Mississippi Vistas: Volume One of A Mississippi Trilogy(1983) (1990)
 You Can't Go Back, Exactly (1988, two eds.) (1989) (2003, exp.)(short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2004)
 Rated Xmas (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2004)
 Pigskinizations (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2005)
 With One Foot in the Butterfly Farm (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2009)
 Getting to Unknow the Neighbors (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2011)

 Memoir
 The Adventures of the Night Riders, Better Known as the Terrible Trio (with Richard Milsten) (1961)*

(* unpublished text)

 References
The Brodsky Collection. Center for Faulkner Studies Site, Southeast Missouri State University
Louis Daniel Brodsky. Louis Daniel Brodsky Site
Time Being Books. Time Being Books Site
<mask>, <mask>. "Rearview Mirror" and "Death Comes to the Salesman." Harper's Magazine 260 March 1980: 22. <mask>, <mask>."'Elder Watson in Heaven': Poet Faulkner as Satirist." The Faulkner Journal I Fall 1985: 2-7; "'Pappy' Faulkner's Recipe for Curing Pork." The Faulkner Journal II Fall 1986: 73-74; "Faulkner's Wounded Art: The Aftermath of Hollywood and World War II." The Faulkner Journal II Spring 1987: 55-66. <mask>, <mask>. "William Faulkner: Poet at Large." The Southern Review VIII Fall 1982: 767-775; "Manager of Outlet Stores," "Joseph K.," and "Between Connections." The Southern Review 18 Winter 1982: 175-178; "A Day in the Life of Willy Sypher" and "Résumé of a Scrapegoat."The Southern Review 19 Spring 1983: 366-369; "Willy's Southern Route" and "Between Seasons." The Southern Review 20 Autumn 1984: 890-893; "Reflections on William Faulkner: An Interview with Albert I. Bezzerides." The Southern Review 21 Spring 1985: 376-403; "Guilty Until Proven Innocent" and "Young Willy Services Two Major Accounts." The Southern Review 22 Summer 1986: 558-559; "Faulkner's Life Masks." The Southern Review 22 Autumn 1986: 738-765; "Faulkner and the Racial Crisis, 1956." The Southern Review 24 Autumn 1988: 791-807; "The Faulkners, the Franklins, and the Fieldens: A Conversation with Victoria Fielden Johnson."The Southern Review 25 Winter 1989: 95-131
<mask>, <mask>. "A Sky filled With Trees." The American Scholar 17 March 1978
<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. "Faulkner's 'L'Apres-Midi D'Un Faune': The Evolution of a Poem." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Three. Ed. Fredson Bowers.Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1980. 254-263; "Additional Manuscripts of Faulkner's 'A Dead Dancer.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Four. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1981. 267-270; "The Autograph Manuscripts of Faulkner's 'The Lilacs.'"Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Six. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 240-252; "The Textual Development of Faulkner's 'Wash.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Seven. Ed.Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1984. 248-281; "A Textual History of Faulkner's 'The Wishing-Tree' and 'The Wishing Tree.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Eight. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985.330-374; "The 1961 Andrés Bello Award: William Faulkner's Original Acceptance Speech." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Nine. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1986. 277-281; "William Faulkner's 'Impressions' of 'Danzas Venezuela': The Original Manuscripts." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Forty.Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1987. 226-229; " William Faulkner's 1962 Gold Medal Speech." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Forty-One. Ed. Fredson Bowers.Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1988. 315-321. <mask>, <mask>. "My Flying Machine," "Buffalo," and "Weeding in January." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1980. 45-46; "Death Comes to a Salesman," "Ancestry," and "In Bib Overalls, Work Shirt, and Boots." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1981.49-51; "A Day in the Life of Willy Sypher," "Redbuds," and "Great-Grandmother." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1984. 55-57; "Willy's Southern Route" and "Inundation." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1985. 46-48; "Young Willy Services Two Major Accounts" and "A Renewal of Faith." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1986-1988. 62-64.The Center for Great Lakes Culture. The Center for Great Lakes Culture Site Michigan State University
Time Being Books. Time Being Books Site
Robert Hamblin. Robert Hamblin Site
<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Selections from the William Faulkner Collection of <mask> <mask>: A Descriptive Catalogue. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1979. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin.Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume I: The Biobibliography. Jackson: The University of Virginia Press, 1982. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume II: The Letters. Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1984. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume III: The De Gaulle Story.Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1984. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume IV: Battle Cry. Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1985. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume V: Manuscripts and Documents. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1989.<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin, editors. Country Lawyer and Other Stories for the Screen by William Faulkner. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1987. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin, editors. Stallion Road: A Screenplay by William Faulkner. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1989. <mask>, <mask>.William Faulkner, Life Glimpses''. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1990. References

External links
 Louis Daniel Brodsky
 Time Being Books
 Center for Faulkner Studies at Southeast Missouri State University

1941 births
American male poets
Living people
Poets from Missouri
Writers from St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Yale University 1960s alumni

masks:
Louis Daniel Brodsky
Louis Brodsky
Brodsky
Louis Daniel Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis D
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel


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<mask> or Dicul Buicescul, also known as Diicu Buicescu and Diicu din Epotești (? – ca. July 1659), was a Wallachian statesman, noted as the designated heir of Prince Matei Basarab. A commoner on his father's side, he belonged to the boyardom of Oltenia through his mother's family. His political rise began when Matei, his maternal relative, seized the throne. <mask> alternated civilian offices and command postings in the Wallachian military forces, culminating with his appointment as Spatharios in January 1645. His main military involvement came during the wars opposing Wallachia and the Principality of Transylvania to Vasile Lupu's Moldavia.He saw action during the 1650 invasion of Moldavia, resulting in Gheorghe Ștefan's appointment as the puppet Moldavian Prince. In 1653 Buicescul was soundly defeated by Lupu and his Cossack allies, whose invasion of Wallachia was only overturned by Prince Matei's stand at Finta. Unpersuaded by claims that Buicescul was arrogant and militarily incompetent, the childless Matei designated Buicescul as his successor. The boyardom rallied around a rival pretender, Constantin Șerban. Sidelined by the Prince and the Spatharios, Șerban orchestrated in 1654 a revolt of the Seimeni mercenaries, which contributed to the weakening of Matei's regime. When the Prince died after illness in early 1655, Șerban managed to outbid Buicescul for the throne, arriving in Târgoviște while his rival was still stranded in Oltenia. A short truce between them was curbed by Buicescul's alleged participation in conspiratorial intrigues; the Spatharios was deposed, then mutilated, to prevent his candidacy for the throne.In 1655, another Seimeni rebellion drove the Buicesculs into Transylvania. <mask> returned with the Transylvanian troops of George II Rákóczi. Reconciling with Prince Constantin under Rákóczi's tutelage, he served as Wallachia's Clucer, and was reconfirmed as such by Constantin's replacement, Mihnea III. The conflict between Mihnea and his boyars also signaled <mask>'s downfall and beheading, which happened in 1659. His son Papa returned to Wallachia and held important office; his grandson <mask> II served as Spatharios under Constantin Brâncoveanu. <mask>'s sons-in-law included Drăghici Cantacuzino and Staico Bucșanu, both of whom were important players in late-17th-century Wallachian politics. Biography

Rise
Buicescul was probably a native of Buicești, the family's demesne in what is now Olt County.He is known to have had at least one sister, from whom he had a favorite nephew, Tudor. Their father was Ioan Buicescul; their mother, Maria (or Mara), was a relative—either niece or cousin—of Aga Matei Basarab. In his overview of Wallachian politics, the Melkite traveler Paul of Aleppo notes that Buicescul was, or was perceived to be, an ibn fellah, translated as "son of peasants" or "son of nobody". As noted by genealogist Constantin Gane, the Buicesculs were commoners of obscure origins. The first recorded member of the family was Diicul's paternal grandfather, the Jupân Mitre. Also according to Gane, Buicești was actually inherited from Maria, having been an estate of the more ancient Craiovești family, from which both Diicul and Aga Matei descended. This account is also backed by scholar I. Ionașcu.Ionașcu acknowledged the lack of any record detailing <mask>'s youth, but proposed that he followed Aga Matei in his perennial battles with Prince Leon Tomșa. He believes that Buicescul may have followed his uncle or cousin in exile to the Principality of Transylvania, refusing Leon's peace offerings. Ultimately, in 1632, Matei seized the throne of Wallachia. In the aftermath, all of the Agas relatives, including Buicescul, were appointed to high office. On July 6, 1635, Buicescul became a Cupar (Cup-bearer, or assistant Paharnic) for the court in Bucharest, serving to October 20, 1638. From November 1638, he was a Great Șufar, or Intendant, in the Wallachian civil service. From July 3, 1639 to January 30, 1644, Buicescul was Aga, and as such supervised part of the Wallachian military forces.His main assignment was supervising the fortifications of Târgoviște, rebuilt under his watch. This office was not yet annexed to the Boyar Council, but allowed Diicul a steady revenue in bribes, allowing him to purchase more land. In 1641–1642, he was confirmed as the owner of Priseaca, outside Buicești, while also holding deeds in Vitănești and some other Olt villages; in 1644, he bought himself half of Arcești, in Romanați County. In January 1645, the villagers of Bârzoteni, in northern Vâlcea County, sold themselves as serfs to Buicescul. As summarized by historian Andrea Fehér: "[Buicescul] exhibited serious shortcomings in his character, defects that could not be erased from the chronicles, not even through him founding numerous monasteries. [He] was also infamous for his intrigues, as well as his negative influence on the ruler." Diicul became the main army commander, of Spatharios, on January 8, 1645, serving to April 10, 1654.He was replacing Preda Brâncoveanu, demoted to a much less relevant office. During this period, Buicescul was a noted ktitor for the Wallachian Church, erecting Clocociov Monastery (ca. 1645) as well as, with Prince Matei, Pantocrator Monastery of Drăgănești-Vlașca (1647). By 1649, Buicescul had established a wool-trading business with the Transylvanian Saxons of Corona, and, beyond, with the markets of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Prince also sent his boyar on several diplomatic missions, including at least one sojourn in Transylvania. In Moldavia, Buicescul attended the wedding between Maria, daughter of the Prince Vasile Lupu, and Janusz Radziwiłł. This state visit formed part of several reconciliation attempts between Wallachia and Moldavia, which had been feuding with each other after Lupu's arrival on the throne in 1634.The effort proving fruitless, Spatharios Buicescul was again involved in the intrigues to topple Lupu. In 1650, he coordinated the Wallachian expedition into Moldavia, assisting the Transylvanian general John Kemény. Entering the country through the Valley of Râbna, his troops occupied Focșani. The expedition succeeded in replacing Lupu with the Transylvanian favorite, Gheorghe Ștefan. In his later chronicle of the events, Lupu's loyalist Miron Costin claimed that, in accepting this Prince, Kemény snubbed Buicescul, who had allegedly wanted the Moldavian crown for himself. Aided by troops from the Cossack Hetmanate, Lupu defeated a large Wallachian force of 9,000 soldiers, commanded by Buicescul, and chased away Ștefan's 300 Moldavian renegades. Here, Costin suggests, Buicescul revealed himself to be an incompetent general, allowing his soldiers to be thinly deployed, and then decimated, along the Milcov.One essential flaw, pointed by other historians, was the Wallachian army's insufficient firepower. Lupu's invasion was nevertheless overturned. Buicescul's own troops were again scattered following a direct confrontation with Tymofiy Khmelnytsky's cavalry at Șoplea, but Prince Matei was able to recover the loss at Finta. The Moldavians were defeated, and Gheorghe Ștefan was reconfirmed as Prince. 1650s conspiracies
In 1652, Matei and Princess Elena Năsturel had lost their adoptive son, Mateiaș. This fueled a search for another heir: Mihai, son of Nicolae Pătrașcu, and Istratie Golescu were considered, but Matei finally selected Buicescul—although the latter was by then middle-aged. Other boyars were disappointed with Matei's choice, believing Buicescul to be of flippant and haughty character; they sympathized more with the Serdar Constantin Șerban, born out of wedlock to the former Prince of 1602–1611, Radu Șerban.Buicescul himself had a noted rivalry with the Serdar, particularly after being revealed as an heir apparent. One detailed account, originating with Paul of Aleppo, suggests that Șerban refused to honor the Prince's choice, and never removed his hat if Buicescul was in the room. Their clashes aggravated with time, prompting Prince Matei to arrest Șerban—allegedly, after Buicescul threatened resignation. Buicescul's rival was mutilated, or "carved at the nose", which would have technically invalidated him from ever placing a claim to the throne. Historians disagree on whether this "marking" happened during Șerban's early years or was a consequence of his arrest by Prince Matei. Wounded at Finta, Matei never fully recovered and, with time, became bedridden. With Elena assuming an informal regency, Șerban coordinated a rebellion of the Seimeni mercenaries, and managed to exhaust the Basarab regime.Although they survived the uprising, both the Princess and Prince were dead by April 1654. This resulted in a heated competition for the throne, during which, historian Gábor Kármán notes, Buicescul emerged as a favorite of the Transylvanian Prince, George II Rákóczi. However, the Spatharios had been called to his country estate by the illness of his son; Șerban, meanwhile, was at Dobreni, allowing him to seize the opportunity and leave for Târgoviște, where the Seimeni imposed him as Prince. Paul of Aleppo records an important role for the Spatharios during Șerban's investiture, although it is not known if this testimony refers to Buicescul or to his known successor, Hrizea of Bogdănei. The same author informs that "the old Spatharios" was welcomed back from Buicești, and solemnly reconfirmed. However, Buicescul returned to his intrigues, "out of haughtiness and arrogance", prompting the Prince to depose him. Prince Constantin eventually arrested Buicescul and ordered him mutilated with the same "carving at the nose".As noted by Paul of Aleppo, <mask> barely escaped the death penalty, only because "some spoke in his favor". Paul also argues that mutilation was no longer an obstacle for the throne, with Șerban's own nose having "healed". In late 1654 or early 1655, a new Seimeni revolt placed the boyars in mortal danger; Buicescul and his family escaped by fleeing into Transylvania, settling at Corona. Historian A. D. Xenopol proposes that Rákóczi had extended his personal protection to the Buicesculs. On May 20, he signed his name to a boyars' letter which pleaded with Rákóczi to intervene against the Seimeni "foreigners". The boyars did not endorse Buicescul's claim to the throne, specifically because, they claimed, he had embezzled the Wallachian treasury and all private funds placed in his care. A boyars' letter to Rákóczi, also signed by Wallachian Metropolitan Ignațiu, claimed that the 30,000 thaler Diicul had deposited in Hermannstadt were entirely stolen, in complicity with his nephew Tudor.Rákóczi sided with the boyars and confiscated

masks: Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul


texts:
 the money, retaining half of it for his own expenses. <mask> returned to Wallachia at some point before December 1655. The Seimeni, who had placed Spatharios Hrizea on the Wallachian throne, had by then been defeated and massacred by Transylvanian and Moldavian troops. This maneuver greatly increased Rákóczi's say in Wallachian politics. Upon securing his crown under Transylvania's tutelage, Constantin Șerban also became more tolerant of the Buicescul clan. On June 30, 1656, he made Diicul his Great Clucer, allowing him to serve in that position to August 18, 1657. Around that time, he issued a deed recognizing the Buicesculs as landlords of Arcești.A new Prince, Mihnea III, seized the throne in early 1658. After a brief hiatus, Buicescul was again appointed Clucer on December 9 of that year, and continued to serve until June 12, 1659. By then, however, he had fallen afoul of the Prince, who ordered a purge of the boyardom. Buicescul was eventually captured and killed before the end of 1659. Various researchers note that the execution was a retaliation for his cooperation with, and matrimonial ties to, the dissident Cantacuzino family. According to historian Constantin Rezachevici, Buicescul and his family belonged to the Cantacuzinos in the larger definition, which is "an actual boyar faction". Some scholars also record that the former Spatharios was killed by decapitation.Ionașcu mentions the general circumstances of this clampdown, proposing that Buicescul may have been killed in a manner similar to other boyars, who were strangled or lynched at Curtea Veche; however, he too notes that Buicescul was actually beheaded, or "slashed". Rezachevici believes that Buicescul and Spatharios Udriște Năsturel were assassinated together at Curtea Veche, in July 1659; the new Clucer was Mihai Argetoianu. Legacy

<mask> Buicescul was married twice, to a Dumitra of Arcești, and later, according to some disputed records, to a Lady Bălașa. Buicescul's eldest son, the Paharnic Papa, born ca. 1630–1633, was probably groomed by Rákóczi to take over as puppet ruler of Wallachia, following his father's mutilation—this alliance was superseded in 1655, when Constantin Șerban willingly submitted to Transylvania's leadership. Nonetheless, Papa remained figure of political importance until his death in 1688. He took in marriage the daughter of another Spatharios, Pană Filipescu, who had helped defeat Hrizea in 1655.A second son, Preda, followed Diicul into Transylvania, and married Ana, a daughter of the diplomat István Szalánczy. According to Ionașcu, the son recorded as ill was neither Papa nor Preda, but an anonymous third, who did not survive 1654; Preda himself died young, in 1656, with Diicul inheriting his wealth. One document suggests that Diicul had also adopted his nephew and alleged accomplice Tudor, who worked as a tax farmer with the title of Great Căminar. Diicul's progeny included at least four daughters: Păuna, Ancuța, Calița and Marica. The Clocociov murals also depict a fifth, Ilinca. Preda's daughter, born Stanca and later known as Sára (or Stanca) Bulcsesdi-Székely-Haller, was one of the leading aristocrats of Kolozsvár (Cluj); she converted to Calvinism and was a celebrated benefactor of the Reformed Church in Transylvania. In the early 1680, Sara was still litigating over her grandfather's confiscated wealth, also obtaining her share of Papa Buicescul's estate in Wallachia.Through her aunt Păuna, wife of Drăghici Cantacuzino, the Buicescul clan became in-laws with the Cantacuzinos. Buicescul was thus the grandfather of Spatharios Pârvu II Cantacuzino, making him the great-great-grandfather of Pârvu III and Rodion Cantacuzino. Although Papa Buicescul was, later in life, an enemy of Prince Șerban Cantacuzino, this connection spared him his life. The Cantacuzinos honored <mask>'s memory, notably by depicting him in a collective fresco at their church in Măgureni. By then, Calița had married Mihăilă Ghinea of Brătășani; their two sons, Drăghici and Fota, never reached political significance. Marica's husband, Staico Bucșanu, was an enemy of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu, who ordered him hanged ca. 1693; their line was extinguished with his death.Papa had three children, of whom the only son, <mask> II, served as Spatharios under Prince Brâncoveanu. From 1679, he had also been awarded Transylvanian citizenship and was granted a coat of arms by Michael I Apafi. His estate was sold off: in 1691, Brâncoveanu purchased from <mask> II the village of Gioroc, which he later donated to Horezu Monastery; in 1697, another one of Papa's estates, at Constantinești, was purchased by the local peasants. Having bought himself a new demesne at Bălcești, <mask> II sued his cousin Sára and his nephew Ádám Székely for their share of the Buicescul estate. <mask> II died childless some time after 1705; his main possessions went to Vintilă Bucșanu, and to Bucșanu's daughters. By then, Papa's widow Dumitrana had also sold her land in Bârzoteni to the Starets of Horezu. At an unknown date, Brâncoveanu also bought Arcești, which had been owned collectively by Papa's daughters.Like his aunts, <mask> II's sisters took prominent boyars as their husbands. Of them, another Stanca married Paharnic Cornea Brăiloiu of Târgu Jiu, who was one of Brâncoveanu's trusted diplomats. Two of their sons, Barbu and Dumitrașco, surrendered to the Habsburg Monarchy during the war of 1716, and went on to serve as civilian administrators of Habsburg Oltenia. As revenge, Prince Nicholas Mavrocordatos sent Dumitrașco to a monastery. He had by then fathered a daughter, also named Stanca, whom he married into the Obedeanu family. The Bucșanus also followed suit in supporting the Habsburg party, thus forfeiting their inheritance in Wallachia. Family lands later returned to his daughters, and passed to Gavrilașco Mavrocordat, then to the Hriscoscoleu family; in 1766, Bălcești was eventually sold to the ancestors of writer Nicolae Bălcescu.The Culcers descendants into the 18th century include Sára's grandson, Count László Székely, who was an acclaimed contributor to Hungarian literature, as well as a major book collector. Buicescul's distant memory was by then becoming altered—Count Székely's memoirs include no mention of his great-grandfather, though they dwell on Sára's successive marriages. Various genealogies of the late 19th century preserve distorted versions of <mask>'s name: he appears as Dicescul-Buncescul in Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky's Russian Genealogical Book, and as Dudulescu-Buntescu in Eugène Rizo-Rangabé's Cantacuzino tree. Based on such misreadings, Buicescul was spuriously identified by scholar Paul Gore as a patriarch of the Dicescu family in Bessarabia Governorate. According to Gane, Diicul still had genuine descendants in 1930s Greater Romania, if only through his daughters. This family was known by variant of the ancestral surname, Boicescu, notably used by Nicolae A. Boicescu. The latter was especially noted as a friend and confidant of the writer Mateiu Caragiale.He married Smaranda "Lileta" Năsturel, a collateral descendant of Udriște Năsturel; in 1928, the couple still lived in Boicești. Their son, Diicu Boicescu, worked as an editor for the Romanian Academy Press. Notes

References
Cornelia Bodea, Paul Cernovodeanu, Horia Nestorescu-Bălcești, Vatra Bălceștilor. Studii și documente. Bălcești pe Topolog: Nicolae Bălcescu Memorial Museum, 1971. Ileana Cioarec, "Domeniul funciar al Mănăstirii Hurezi", in Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor, Vol. XV, 2014, pp.77–98. Miron Costin, Letopisețul Țării Moldovei. De neamul moldovenilor. Iași: Editura Junimea, 1984. Virgiliu N. Drăghiceanu, "Casa Cantacuzinilor din Măgureni", in Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, Vol. XVII, Fascicle 39, January–March 1924, pp. 12–45.Andrea Fehér, "Noble Lineage as Stepfamily Network: An Eighteenth-Century Noble Autobiography from the Principality of Transylvania", in Hungarian Historical Review, Vol. 8, Issue 4, 2019, pp. 695–725. Constantin Gane, Trecute vieți de doamne și domnițe. Vol. I. Bucharest: Luceafărul S. A., [1932]. I. Ionașcu, Biserici, chipuri și documente din Olt, Vol.I. Craiova: Ramuri, 1934. Nicolae Iorga, Studiĭ și documente cu privire la istoria romînilor. V: Cărțĭ domneștĭ, zapise și răvașe. Partea I. Bucharest: I. V. Socecŭ, 1903. Gábor Kármán, "György Rákóczi II's Attempt to Establish a Local Power Base among the Tributaries of the Ottoman Empire 1653–1657", in Maria Baramova, Plamen Mitev, Ivan Parvev, Vania Racheva (eds. ), Power and Influence in South-Eastern Europe, 16–19th Century, pp. 229–244.Berlin: LIT Verlag, 2013. Vasile Marinoiu, "Marele ban Cornea Brăiloiu și mănăstirea Tismana în timpul domniei lui Constantin Brâncoveanu", in Drobeta. Seria Arheologie–Istorie, Vol. XXIV, 2014, pp. 109–134. Paul of Aleppo (contributor: M. M. Alexandrescu-Dersca Bulgaru), "Călătoria lui Paul de Alep", in Aurel Decei (ed. ), Călători români despre țările române.Vol. VI, pp. 21–307. Bucharest: Editura științifică și enciclopedică, 1976. Constantin Rezachevici, "Fenomene de criză social-politică în Țara Românească în veacul al XVII-lea (Partea a II-a: a doua jumătate a secolului al XVII-lea)", in Studii și Materiale de Istorie Medie, Vol. XIV, 1996, pp. 85–117.Eugène Rizo-Rangabé, Livre d'or de la noblesse phanariote en Grèce, en Roumanie, en Russie et en Turquie, pp. 22–23. Athens: S. C. Vlastos, 1892. N. Stoicescu, Dicționar al marilor dregători din Țara Românească și Moldova. Sec. XIV–XVII. Bucharest: Editura enciclopedică, 1971.Răzvan Theodorescu, Civilizația românilor între medieval și modern. Orizontul imaginii (1550–1800), Vol. II. Bucharest: Editura Meridiane, 1987. Kinga S. Tüdős, Violeta Barbu, "O doamnă pentru vremuri noi: Sara Bulcesti-Székely-Haller", in Violeta Barbu, Maria Magdalena Székely, Kinga S. Tüdős, Angela Jianu (eds. ), Grădina rozelor. Femei din Moldova, Țara Românească și Transilvania (sec.XVII–XIX), pp. 241–268. Bucharest: Editura Academiei, 2015. A. D. Xenopol, Istoria Romînilor. Vol. VII: De la Mateĭ Basarab și Vasile Lupu pînă la Constantin Brâncoveanu. 1633—1689.Iași: Editura Librărieĭ Frațiĭ Șaraga, 1896. 17th-century births
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History of Wallachia (1512–1714)
17th-century Romanian people
17th-century diplomats
17th-century politicians
17th-century soldiers
Spatharii of Wallachia
Romanian diplomats
Mutilated pretenders to the Wallachian throne
People from Olt County
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Romania
Romanian adoptees
Adult adoptees
Romanian refugees
Romanian exiles
Exiled politicians
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<mask>,  (born May 23, 1947) is a Canadian civil servant, political strategist, writer and professor. He is best known for having served as Principal Secretary and Chief Speechwriter to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. <mask> is currently the Secretary General of the InterAction Council. Previously, he was President and CEO of the Walter and Duncan Gordan Foundation. He is a senior fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs, Massey College, and the Bill Graham Centre of Contemporary International History, Trinity College, at the University of Toronto. Personal life and education
<mask> was born in 1947 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the second of four boys of Norman and <mask>. He is the younger brother of <mask>, who has also had a distinguished career in Canadian politics.His parents were active in the United Church and community affairs. Through the United Church, he became a member of the Tuxis and Older Boys Association, eventually being elected as Premier. He entered United College, a United Church affiliated college in 1964, taking honours in history and politics. United College became the University of Winnipeg in 1968. At United College <mask> was active in the debating club, student council, Uniter newspaper and model parliaments. <mask> received a BA degree (Hons) from the University of Winnipeg and an MA degree from Queen's University (1972). From 1972 to 1973, he was a student at Nuffield College, University Of Oxford.He received a PhD degree (1979) from Queen's University. While at United College he met his future wife Roberta. They have  two children and two grandchildren. In 2003, the University of Winnipeg gave <mask> its Distinguished Alumni Award. <mask> returned to live in his native Winnipeg, Manitoba in 2021. Early career
<mask> joined the Liberal Party in the early 1960s, becoming active in the Canadian University Liberal Federation. As well as his involvement in the Young Liberals, <mask> was a Liberal volunteer in Winnipeg local ridings in the elections of 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968.In 1967, he worked as a research assistant for the Task Force on the Structure of the Canadian Economy, led by Walter Gordon. This was <mask>'s first opportunity to work on Canada's economic, social and industrial policies in depth, and this influenced his future thinking about such issues. His close association with Walter Gordon introduced him to Keith Davey, Jim Coutts, <mask> and Pierre Trudeau, all of whom became important influences in his life. In his graduate studies at Queens, <mask>'s concentrations were in Canadian politics, international relations and urban affairs. His first publications were for The Institute of Urban Studies at the University of Winnipeg and while at Queen's University he became a research associate on the Metropolitan Winnipeg Study by University of Toronto professor Meyer Brownstone, the architect of the unicity amalgamation. L.J. Sharpe of Nuffield College subsequently invited <mask> to study the politics of urban reform at Oxford.In 1974, at the invitation of Keith Davey, <mask> returned to Ottawa to work on urban issues in that year's election campaign, where he drafted the Liberal Party's housing platform. Following the election, he joined the Office of the Minister of National Revenue as a Special Assistant on various policy issues. A year later, he was hired with the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) under Principal Secretary Jim Coutts as a political strategist and policy advisor to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. In 1976 he helped organize the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, held in Vancouver, British Columbia which initiated his interest in water and sanitation issues, a priority in his later work with the Gordon Foundation. In 1979, with the defeat of the Liberals by Joe Clark, <mask> worked in the Leader of the Opposition's Office as Acting Director and Senior Policy Advisor. With the defeat of Clark's minority government, <mask> returned to the Prime Minister's Office as Senior Policy Advisor, and was appointed Principal Secretary to Pierre Trudeau in 1981, a position which he held until 1984. During this time, he was a key strategist in the Repatriation of the Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.1984-2005
In 1984, <mask> was invited to be a Fellow at the Institute of Politics at the Kennedy School of Government, before being appointed as the visiting Mackenzie King Chair of Canadian Studies at Harvard University in 1985. He also became a fellow at the Centre for International Affairs working on the Canadian program. He was appointed as an adjunct lecturer at the Kennedy School in 1991, teaching comparative politics, and continued to teach at Harvard until returning to Canada in 2003 as an adjunct lecturer at the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University. While at Harvard, <mask> co-drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities with world-renowned theologian Hans Küng, a major project of the InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government. At Harvard, <mask>'s interests became more international; he initiated a joint research program with the University of Havana and took his Harvard class often to Cuba. He helped found the North America Institute of Santa Fe under the direction of Professor John Wirth which examined Mexican, Canadian and American public policies. He travelled regularly to Hong Kong and China to teach in the executive program of the Kennedy School.Given his years of research on and teaching in Asia he was invited by the Government of Canada in 2001 to chair the board of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. With his Kennedy School colleague Shirley Williams, a former British cabinet minister, he contributed to Project Liberty to assist the newly emerging democracies of central and eastern Europe, and he was recruited by the National Democratic Institute to assist their democratic promotion efforts in Ukraine. During his time at Harvard, <mask> also served as vice-president and then executive director for the Charles R. Bronfman Foundation (CRB). The CRB Foundation, during this time, created the well-known "Heritage Minute" series of commercials, which explored various aspects of Canadian History, and which were released on television and in movie theatres. The CRB Foundation also had important programs in Israel and the Middle East such as the Economics of Peace which attempted to foster cooperation between Israel and its neighbours. In 1999, <mask> helped create and raise funds for the Historica Foundation, becoming its executive director. The Historica Foundation aimed to improve the teaching and learning of Canadian history, and was best known for its Heritage Fair program, which encouraged hundreds of thousands of students annually to create and exhibit their own heritage projects.Historica notably digitized the Canadian Encyclopedia, making it available to millions online for free. The Encyclopedia has since become a division of Historica Canada. <mask> collaborated with Nathon Gunn to create History Game Canada, which won a MacArthur Foundation award for Innovation in Participatory Learning. In recognition of his outstanding achievement and service in the field of history and heritage, <mask> was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002. In 2005, <mask> left the Historica Foundation to return to academe full-time at Queen's University. 2006-2008
Until 2009, <mask> was the Chair and Executive Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy (CSD) at Queen's University. Under his direction, the CSD released several studies on improving Canadian political institutions, such as parliament and the public service.The CSD also released a major study on how Canada could advance democracy abroad which led to him being asked to chair a task force to implement the Harper government's Speech on the Throne promise on democracy promotion. In the wake of the defeat of Paul Martin's minority Liberal Government in January, 2006, <mask> was appointed co-chair of the Liberal Party Renewal Commission, which was charged with re-thinking the Liberal Party's policies and structure. <mask> had written his Queen's University masters thesis on Walter Gordon's role in reforming the Liberal Party, especially the Kingston Conference of 1960, and this early renewal effort influenced his views on party process. The Commission created 32 task forces that were charged with examining each aspect of the party. The Commission reported just prior to the Liberal Leadership Convention of December 2–3, 2006, urging the party to return to its liberal philosophical roots, to refocus on developing and electrifying its membership, and to rethink many of the fundamental policies that have informed Liberal policy. Specific recommendations that emerged from the Commission included a Thinker's Conference (to develop a new platform for the party), a Council of Riding Presidents (to represent the membership of the party in years between conventions), and a Day of Deliberation, in which Liberal Party Members across the country would be asked to debate and vote on policies in each of their ridings. In 2009, <mask> was asked to Chair the Advisory Task Force on Democracy Promotion for the Minister of Democratic Reform, the Hon.Steven Fletcher. The unanimous report of the Task Force, however, was never implemented by the Harper government. Currently
In 2009 Dr<mask> became the President and CEO of the Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation. <mask> has had a long association with the Foundation, advising Walter and Duncan Gordon in the mid-1980s on the Foundation's evolution. As a volunteer, he chaired the Foundation's Arctic Steering Committee, 1988–96, which co-ordinated the Foundation's contributions to the creation of the Arctic Council, an international organization dedicated to Arctic cooperation. In his 2009-2015 tenure as president, the Gordon Foundation concentrated on Canada’s North and the preservation of Canada’s fresh water. While at the Gordon Foundation, <mask> initiated the Jane Glassco Northern Fellowship, a policy and leadership development program for young Northern Canadians.The Foundation also created the Mackenzie Data Stream, an online system that provides real time access to communities and decision makers on water quality indicators. <mask> has long been concerned with the environment, serving on the board of the Harmony Foundation, dedicated to environmental education, since 1989. <mask> has been active in other education initiatives as well having served on the boards of Pearson College UWC and Canada World Youth. <mask> appears regularly on television and radio as a political analyst. He also frequently contributes to various academic journals, magazines and newspapers, especially the Toronto Star (as a former columnist), Policy Options, Policy Magazine and China Today. He has also edited a number of books, most notably Towards a Just Society: The Trudeau Years, which he co-edited with Pierre Trudeau in 1990. In 2015, <mask> was elected as a Member of the Pierre Elliot Trudeau Foundation and in the same year the Trudeau family asked him to become the literary executer of the Pierre Elliot Trudeau Estate.In 2011, <mask> was appointed and remains the Secretary General of the InterAction Council which he has been an associate member of since 2008, but has been closely involved with since 1995. InterAction Council is "an international organization whose objective is to address long-term, global issues facing humankind. The Council is currently co-Chaired by Bertie Ahern, the former Prime Minister of Ireland and the former President of Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo (the Right Honourable Jean Chrétien (Prime Minister of Canada, is Honorary co-chair). The Council is composed of more than thirty former heads of state who jointly develop proposals for action and submit them directly to national and international decision-makers." In 2012, <mask> was awarded the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal for his contributions to Canadian public policy. In 2016 Massey College, University of Toronto, asked him to become Public Policy Chair. In 2017 <mask> also accepted the invitation of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, to be a visiting professor where he lectures annually and contributes regularly to China Today magazine.References

External links
<mask>'s Biography at The Canadian Encyclopedia
Order of Canada Citation
Centre for the Study of Democracy (CSD)
InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government
Liberal Party Renewal Commission
The Walter and Duncan Grodon Foundation
InterAction Council

1947 births
Living people
Harvard Kennedy School people
Canadian civil servants
Officers of the Order of Canada
Harvard University staff
Members of the United Church of Canada
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Queen's University at Kingston faculty
People from Winnipeg
University of Winnipeg alumni

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<mask>'Leary  (September 27, 1887 – February 8, 1962) was an American Catholic priest and Jesuit, who served as president of Georgetown University in from 1935 to 1942. Born in Washington, D.C., he studied at Gonzaga College before entering the Society of Jesus and continuing his education at St. Andrew-on-Hudson and Woodstock College. He then taught at St. Andrew-on-Hudson and Georgetown University, where he eventually became the university's librarian, and undertook a major improvement of the Georgetown University Library. O'Leary then assumed the presidency of the university in the midst of the Great Depression and, later, World War II. In office, he began a revitalization of the nationwide alumni network from the disparate, regional chapters, re-established the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences as a standalone school within the university, and significantly expanded Georgetown's athletic programs. After, he became the pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown, and then pastor of St. Andrew-on-Hudson. Towards the end of his life, he returned to Georgetown, where he died.Early life
<mask> O'Leary was born on September 27, 1887, in Washington, D.C. His father was a worker on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. O'Leary was educated at Gonzaga College, and his parish was the adjacent St. Aloysius Church. He entered the Society of Jesus on August 14, 1903, and was sent to St. Andrew-on-Hudson in New York for his scholasticate. He then completed his studies at Woodstock College in Maryland, where he earned a Doctor of Philosophy. He went to Georgetown University in 1912, as a professor of philosophy, holding the position until 1916. At the same time, he was also spiritual director for the university. He was finally ordained a priest in 1919, becoming a member of the first class of priests ordained at Georgetown.He then returned to St. Andrew-on-Hudson, where he taught for several years. In 1923, O'Leary became the chief librarian of Georgetown. He made significant improvements to the library, including expanding access to the library to alumni, creating a reference desk, and establishing a system for interlibrary loans. He began in 1935 to comprehensively catalogue all of the university's 177,000 volumes of books according to the Library of Congress Control Number. This signified the first time that the library's holdings in various subjects had all been organized together. President of Georgetown University

The end of Coleman Nevils' second term as president of Georgetown University was due in 1934. However, the faculty and alumni of Georgetown petitioned the Jesuit Superior General in Rome to allow Nevils to remain for an additional year in order to prepare a suitable successor.With the general's approval of the petition, in October 1935, when Nevils was sent to Japan for three months to represent the American Red Cross at an international conference, he appointed O'Leary as acting president in his stead. In July of that year, O'Leary was officially appointed president of the university, becoming the first native of Washington, D.C. to hold the office. The inauguration ceremony on November 23 was attended by several justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, government officials, many foreign diplomats, delegates of several hundred educational institutions and learned societies, and the Apostolic Delegate to the United States, <mask> Giovanni Cicognani. His presidency was largely shaped by the ongoing Great Depression. By the 1930s, Georgetown's alumni association had become largely defunct. In the latter half of the decade, several alumni chapters around the country, especially driven by alumni of Georgetown Law School, had begun to reconstitute. In O'Leary's first month of office, he announced that he would establish an office for organizing alumni nationally, not just in regional chapters.This goal did not immediately materialize, and in 1937, Edmund A. Walsh, the founder of the School of Foreign Service, urged O'Leary to revitalize the alumni association. In response, O'Leary traveled around the country in the spring of 1938 to reorganize the regional chapters and appointed one of Georgetown's professors of English as the first secretary of the national association; the board of directors officially approved the national alumni organization in the fall of 1938, which began compiling a national directory and publishing a newsletter. O'Leary was a proponent of expanding Georgetown's athletic programs, in part due to the recognition that they proved to be profitable for other universities, and greatly expanded scholarships available to athletes. Unlike his predecessor, O'Leary was a rather conservative figure. In 1935, O'Leary warned of the prevalence of communism in the United States. The following year, The Hoya, Georgetown's student newspaper, echoed this sentiment, reporting on the growth of the Communist Party in the United States and the prevalence of communism among faculty across the country. In light of protests at college campuses around the country against involvement in World War II, such as the presence of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps on campuses, and increasing political tension, O'Leary requested that the Jesuit provincial superior appoint a censor in 1937 to review any public speeches that would be given by Jesuits, so as to remove any political overtones.Due to the national mobilization during the War, Georgetown's campus became a testing ground for the Army Specialized Training Center. During O'Leary's presidency, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences was re-established  as an independent school within the university. This was part of O'Leary's aim to have Georgetown meet the Association of American Universities' standard for graduate education. He also increased the number of graduate faculty and students and made major significant improvements to the library's holdings. By 1937, the school began awarding doctoral degrees once again in some departments. In the law school, O'Leary decided to condense the two leadership positions of dean and regent (the latter of which was always a Jesuit) into a single position, due to the resignation of the previous dean. Toward the end of his presidency, O'Leary's health began to deteriorate.He underwent surgery to remove kidney stones in 1937. Soon after the operation, he again became seriously ill and nearly died. As a result, he went to New England and Jamaica for several months to recuperate, returning to the university in October 1937. With his illness progressing, in December 1942, the Jesuit authorities took the unusual step of replacing the president of the university during wartime, naming Lawrence C. Gorman as his successor. Later years

In 1947, O'Leary replaced James A. McCarl as the pastor of Holy Trinity Church in Georgetown. Obtaining permission from the Metropolitan Police Department, he began the practice of students at the Holy Trinity School using N Street as their playground for recess. He remained pastor until 1953, when he was succeeded by Emory Ross.His final assignment was as pastor of St. Andrew-on-Hudson, which he held until his death. O'Leary died on February 8, 1962, at Georgetown University Hospital. The requiem mass was held at St. Aloysius Church in Washington, D.C.

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1887 births
1962 deaths
Religious leaders from Washington, D.C. Academics from Washington, D.C.
19th-century American Jesuits
20th-century American Jesuits
St. Andrew-on-Hudson alumni
Gonzaga College High School alumni
Woodstock College alumni
Georgetown University faculty
Presidents of Georgetown University
Pastors of Holy Trinity Catholic Church (Washington, D.C.)

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<mask> is an author and speaker on educational technology. He has many published works, including the book, Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms, and the edublog Weblogg-ed which he wrote from 2001 to 2011. <mask> is also active on the web; he has both a Twitter account and YouTube channel. <mask> co-founded Modern Learner Media and is co-publisher of ModernLearners.com. He also co-founded Change School, an online learning resource for educators. <mask> is a founding partner of Connective Learning, LLC. He promotes the implementation of Read/Write technologies in K-12 classrooms.He is also an advocate for school reform which encourages the integration of technology in learning. He was also named to the National Advisory Board for the George Lucas Educational Foundation. Along with Sheryl Nussbaum-Beach, he co-founded Powerful Learning Practice, a company that delivers job-embedded, year-long professional development to schools worldwide around the pedagogies of Web 2.0 tools. District Administration magazine has published a quarterly column by <mask> titled "The Online Edge". <mask> has been part of a panel presentation at the 2006 Milken Global Conference and has given presentations all over the world. Biography
<mask>'s bio for a February 2007 conference noted that "<mask> lives along the Delaware River in Western New Jersey with his wife Wendy and his children Tess and Tucker, all of whom are bloggers." Formerly a teacher at Hunterdon Central Regional High School in Flemington, New Jersey, <mask> was recognized for his use of blogs in the classroom as a "trendsetter in education" in 2003 by The New York Times.In 2017, Forbes named <mask> one of the top five edupreneur voices to follow. Education
 Bachelor of Science in Journalism, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 1980
 Master of Arts (Teaching), College of New Jersey, Trenton, NJ, 1983

Published works

Books
From Master Teacher to Master Learner (Solution Tree Press, 2015)
Freedom to Learn (Solution Tree Press, 2015)
Connecting the Dots: Teacher Effectiveness and Deeper Professional Learning (Solution Tree Press, 2015)
Why School? Network Building and the New Literacy" Education Canada (Fall, 2007)
"Social Tools in Schools Taking Root" District Administration (November, 2007)
"From MySpace to SchoolSpace" District Administration (September, 2007)
"Education Through Networking" ie Magazine (Summer 2007)
"From MySpace to SchoolSpace" District Administration (September, 2007)
"Walking the Web 2.0" District Administration (August, 2007)
"Teaching in a Web 2.0 World" Kappa Delta Pi Record (Summer 2007)
"Summer 2.0 Reading" District Administration (July, 2007)
"Read/Write Web" Classroom Connect Connected Newsletter (Summer, 2007)
"Apps on the Web" District Administration (June, 2007)
"Building a Web Presence" District Administration (May, 2007)
"High Tech Inspires the Read/Write Web" Education Digest (May, 2007)
"Administrators Who Blog" District Administration (April, 2007)
"Taming the Beast: Social Bookmarking" School Library Journal (March, 2007). "The Seven C's of Learning" District Administration (March, 2007)
"Podcasting 101" NEA Today (March, 2007)
"The Read/Write Web: New Tools for a New Generation of Technology" Principal (January/February, 2007)
"To Block, or Not to Block" District Administration (February, 2007)
"Online Powered School Libraries" District Administration (January, 2007)
"Making Waves: With Podcasting, Anyone (Yes, Anyone) Can Create Their Own Radio Show" School Library Journal (October, 2006)
"The New Face of Learning" Edutopia Magazine (October, 2006)
"Merrily Down the Stream" School Library Journal (July, 2006)
"Tech Tools for Learning" Access Learning (January, 2006)
"An Educator's Guide to the Read/Write Web" Educational Leadership (December, 2005)
"What's a Wiki? A Powerful Collaborative Tool for Teaching and Learning. That's What!" Multimedia and Internet @ Schools (November, 2005)
"Blog Revolution: Expanding classroom horizons with Web logs."Technology and Learning Magazine (October, 2005)
"New Jersey High School Learns the ABCs of Blogging," T.H.E. Journal (June, 2005)
"The ABCs of RSS." Technology and Learning Magazine (May, 2005)
"Blogging and RSS: The 'What's It?' and 'How To' of Powerful New Web Tools for Educators" Multimedia and Internet @ Schools (January, 2004)
"Blogging On." Principal Leadership (November, 2003)
"Weblogs: Internet Publishing Made Easy," Desien (August, 2003)
"Web Logs in the English Classroom: More Than Just Chat" English Journal (September, 2003)

Notes

References
Washington Post
Weblogged Disclosures
Can Johnny Blog in the New York Times. <mask> biography

American bloggers
Living people
Ohio University alumni
American educational theorists
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American non-fiction writers

masks:
Will Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
Will
Richardson
Richardson
Will Richardson