texts:
<mask> (born August 8, 2000) is an American collegiate gymnast. She is a five-time member of the US National Team (2014–2019). She is the 2017 United States national all-around champion and was an alternate for the 2016 Olympic team. Personal life
<mask> was born in Snellville, Georgia, to Michael and <mask>. She has two younger brothers. Her mother was a gymnastics coach. <mask> began gymnastics in 2004.<mask> lived in Lewisville, Texas for six years, and she currently lives in Norman, Oklahoma. Junior career

2013
<mask> qualified for Junior International Elite status in 2013 and advanced to the 2013 Secret U.S. Classic in Hoffman Estates, Illinois. She placed 23rd in the all-around and advanced to U.S. Nationals later in the month, where she finished 17th all-around. 2014
<mask> attended her first international assignment in March 2014, after her addition to the U.S. National Team, at the 2014 City of Jesolo Trophy in Venice, Italy. She contributed an all-around score of 52.650. In August 2014, <mask> competed at the 2014 Secret U.S. Classic and scored 54.450, finishing thirteenth in the all-around and first on floor, advancing to the U.S. Nationals, where she placed seventh in the all-around with a two-day combined total of 110.750 and second on beam and floor with scores of 29.000 and 29.150, respectively. 2015
In March, <mask> once again attended the City of Jesolo Trophy.In qualifications, which also served as an all-around/team final, <mask> placed 5th with a score of 56.100 and made both the vault and floor finals. She scored a 14.350 on vault, earning a third-place finish, and 14.250 on floor, placing second. <mask> competed in the Secret U.S. Classic, placing 1st on the floor exercise, as well as 2nd in the all-around and 3rd on vault. In August, <mask> attended the 2015 US Nationals. She came in 3rd all-around with a two-day combined score of 116.450 and won both balance beam and floor. On December 19, 2015, <mask> committed to the University of Oklahoma and the Sooners program. Senior career

2016
<mask>'s senior debut came at the 2016 City of Jesolo Trophy in March, where she finished second on beam, floor, and the all-around.In April, she competed at the Pacific Rim Championships, winning balance beam with a score of 15.225. At the Secret U.S. Classic, <mask> finished fifth on beam and tied for sixth on bars. At the U.S. Olympic Trials in San Jose on July 10, 2016, she scored 15.3 on the balance beam and finished second on the event. On July 10, <mask> was named as an alternate to the 2016 Olympic team, alongside Ashton Locklear and MyKayla Skinner. 2017
On March 4, <mask> won the gold medal ahead of Japanese Olympian Asuka Teramoto at the American Cup in Newark, New Jersey. In July <mask> competed at the U.S. Classic on uneven bars and balance beam only. She took first place on both events.On August 20, <mask> won the 2017 U.S. National Gymnastics Championships all-around title with a two-day combined score of 115.250, over three points ahead of silver medalist Jordan Chiles. She also placed first on floor exercise ahead of Jade Carey and Trinity Thomas, first on balance beam ahead of Riley McCusker and Thomas, and third on uneven bars behind McCusker and Locklear. She was named to the national team for the fourth consecutive year. On September 20, <mask> was selected to represent the United States at the 2017 Artistic Gymnastics World Championships in Montreal alongside Carey, Locklear, and Morgan Hurd. During qualifications <mask> qualified to the all-around final in second place behind Mai Murakami of Japan despite an uncharacteristic fall on the balance beam. <mask> also qualified to the floor exercise final in first with a score of 14.433, ahead of Murakami and teammate Carey. She was arguably the favorite to win the all-around title, but minutes before her first rotation on vault she injured her ankle during warmups and withdrew from the all-around final.This was only one of many injuries sustained by major contenders over the course of the championships, with Kohei Uchimura of Japan, Rebeca Andrade of Brazil and Larisa Iordache of Romania all withdrawing from the competition due to injury. Oksana Chusovitina of Uzbekistan, the athlete representative,  mentioned that the new podium training format only allowed the gymnasts a few minutes on each piece, not giving the gymnasts a sufficient amount of time to get used to the equipment, and suggested this as a reason for a much larger number of mistakes and injuries than usual. <mask>'s injury also forced her to withdraw from the floor exercise event final. <mask>'s recovery included extensive physical therapy and rehab as she chose to avoid the risks of surgery. 2018
In her comeback meet, <mask> competed at the City of Jesolo Trophy in April. The US did not field a team, but <mask> and club teammate Emma Malabuyo competed as individuals. <mask> won silver in the all-around, balance beam, and uneven bars.She competed at the 2018 U.S. Classic in late July. She only competed on vault, balance beam, and uneven bars. She finished third on balance beam. Marred by lingering torn ligaments in her ankle, broken toes, and mental struggles at the 2018 U.S Championships in August, <mask> finished 10th in the all-around, 8th on vault, 8th on beam, tied for 11th on bars, and 11th on floor over the cumulative two day competition. She was not selected for the eight member national team for 2018. In October <mask> participated in the Worlds Team Selection Camp. During the competition she placed fifth in the all-around, third on balance beam behind Kara Eaker and Riley McCusker, fourth on vault and floor exercise, and eighth on uneven bars.The following day she was named to the team to compete at the 2018 World Championships alongside Biles, Morgan Hurd, McCusker, Grace McCallum, and Eaker. As a result of making the World Championship team, <mask> was added back onto the National Team. While in Doha she was chosen as the alternate. Although she did not compete at the World Championships, she still earned a gold medal alongside her teammates. In December <mask> officially signed with the Oklahoma Sooners women's gymnastics program, starting in the 2020–21 season. 2019
In 2019, <mask> attended the U.S. Women's National Team camps in January, February, and May but was noticeably absent from the June camp, despite all other National Team members being in attendance, sparking rumors that she was going to attend the University of Oklahoma in the fall. In July, <mask> confirmed on Instagram that she had decided to join the Oklahoma Sooners for the 2019–2020 season, presumably ending her elite career as she was not on the roster to compete at the upcoming U.S. Classic.NCAA career

2019–2020 season
In July, <mask> announced that she would be joining the Oklahoma Sooners women's gymnastics team for the 2019–2020 season, instead of deferring for a year like she had originally planned. She made her NCAA debut at the Collegiate Challenge where she competed the all-around and helped Oklahoma finish first, recording the highest score on balance beam for her team. 2021–2022 season
<mask> competed on January 9 in a meet against Alabama. She competed on uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise, helping Oklahoma win the meet. On February 6, in a meet against Texas Women's University, <mask> earned her first collegiate perfect ten on the balance beam. Career perfect 10.0

Selected competitive skills

Competitive history

Junior

Senior

NCAA

References

External links

2000 births
American female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts from Texas
Living people
Oklahoma Sooners women's gymnasts
People from Snellville, Georgia
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
NCAA gymnasts who have scored a perfect 10
Sportspeople from the Atlanta metropolitan area

masks:
Ragan Elizabeth Smith
Smith
Kerry Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


type: original

texts:
<mask> (November 16, 1850 in New Brunswick, New Jersey – November 4, 1920 in Santa Monica, California) was an American developer, conservationist, water supply expert and tree expert. <mask> is best known for his "Venice of America" development in Los Angeles. Early life
<mask>'s family moved to Washington, D.C., and became known in politics. His aunt's husband was Senator James Dixon of Connecticut. At the age of 16, the  <mask> went to Europe, where he studied in Heidelberg, Paris and Zürich and became fluent in six languages. A walking tour of Italy took him to Venice and the Italian Riviera. Returning to Washington in 1869 he joined the Maryland National Guard and in 1873 was able to join a U.S. Geological Survey team to map the Sioux reservations of the Dakotas.He traveled to Salt Lake City and Oregon and rejoined the survey team in the Yosemite Valley. In 1874, <mask> joined the tobacco business run by his older brother, Francis S<mask>, with offices in New York. The Kinney Brothers Tobacco Company did much of its purchasing in the Southern states and then took an interest in imported tobaccos. In 1876, <mask> traveled to Egypt and Ottoman Macedonia. Kinneloa

Instead of returning home, <mask> took an extended vacation through Europe, India, Ceylon, New Guinea, Australia and Hawaii. After his arrival in San Francisco in January 1880, his plans to travel east by train were delayed by snow. So <mask>, an asthmatic, improvised with a side trip to a Southern California health resort, the Sierra Madre Villa Hotel.After showing up without a reservation, he slept on a billiard table in the parlor, where he awoke in the morning free of asthma symptoms. This positive experience inspired him to purchase  of nearby property, which he named "Kinneloa". Conservationist
<mask> was appointed to a three-year position as chairman of the California Board of Forestry. There he developed an agency to protect the forests of the San Gabriel Mountains, where ranchers typically set fires to clear land for livestock grazing, but then, as a result, subsequent rainfalls led to flooding in the valleys. On his own property, he developed land management techniques for raising livestock alongside cultivated forests. Aided by his friend naturalist John Muir, <mask> established the San Gabriel Timberland Reserve in December 1892, forerunner to the Angeles National Forest. In 1883, <mask> and Helen Hunt Jackson co-wrote a report for the U.S. Department of the Interior on the condition of California Mission Indians.This report and others led to the Mission Indian Act of 1891, which created a commission to seek to establish or confirm reservations in Southern California. In 1887, <mask> established the nation's first forestry station in Rustic Canyon on  of land donated by Santa Monica co-founder John P. Jones (also a U.S. Senator from Nevada), and Arcadia Bandini de Stearns Baker. One of the station's projects was a study of the newly introduced eucalyptus trees. Real estate developments

Santa Monica
Kinneloa did not suit <mask>'s first wife <mask> in the summer months, and in 1886 they built a summer home in Santa Monica. <mask> formed the Santa Monica Improvement Company in 1887 and built a lawn tennis club. In 1887 <mask> purchased  of land on the bluffs north of Santa Monica Canyon to be developed as "Santa Monica Heights", but economic conditions forced <mask> to abandon the project.Collis P. Huntington of the Southern Pacific Railroad bought the property in 1891 and renamed it "Huntington Palisades." <mask> shifted his attention to the coastal area south of Santa Monica. Ocean Park
In 1891, <mask> and his partner, Francis Ryan, bought a controlling interest in Pacific Ocean Casino and a tract of land 1.5 miles (2.4 km) long  and  wide along the Santa Monica beach. <mask> and Ryan built a pier, golf course, horse-racing track, boardwalk and other resort amenities. <mask> convinced the Santa Fe Railroad to extend its Inglewood line north to his resort. Ryan died in 1898, and his widow's new husband, Thomas Dudley, sold their half interest to a group of men (Fraser, Gage and Merritt Jones) not to <mask>'s liking. With a flip of a coin, which <mask> won, he took the marshy southern half to build his Venice of America.<mask> Boulevard is named for him. The Venice of America

The Venice recreation area opened on July 4, 1905. Venice came to be known as the "Coney Island of the Pacific." By mid-January 1906, an area was built along the edge of the Grand Lagoon patterned after the amusement thoroughfares of the great 19th and 20th century expositions. It featured foreign exhibits, amusements, and freak shows. Trolley service was available from Downtown Los Angeles and nearby Santa Monica. Around the entire park, a miniature steam railroad ran on a  track.The park included a system of canals complete with gondolas and gondoliers brought in from Venice, Italy. There were ornate Venetian-style businesses and a full-sized amusement pier with an ocean aquarium featuring a seal and marine life. <mask> and some of the nearby residents were aghast at some of the low-class shows that Venice began to offer, but it was considered the best collection of amusement devices on the Pacific Coast, and made a significant profit. Eventually, <mask> gained control of city politics and had the name changed from "Ocean Park" to "Venice" in 1911. <mask> was also allowed to build a  long breakwater to protect his facilities from storm tides. Kinney Heights
Around 1900 Kinney developed a suburban tract at what was then the western edge of the city of Los Angeles. Named Kinney Heights, the development attracted mostly upper-middle-class families who built large Craftsman homes, many of which still stand.The area is now part of the West Adams Terrace Historic Preservation Overlay Zone (HPOZ). Published works
1890: Australian Ballot System, Evening Express Co., 31 pages
1893: The Conquest of Death, 259 pages
1893: Task By Twilight, B.R. Baumgardt & Co, 211 pages
1895: Eucalyptus, B.R. Baumgardt & Co., (Read Books, ,  334 pages, 2008)
1900: Forest and Water, The Post Pub. Co.

Family life
In his travels to the California State Legislature in Sacramento, <mask> met Margaret Thornton, daughter of Associate California Supreme Court Justice James D. Thornton. They were married in November 1884 and had seven children, three of whom died during childhood. After Margaret died in June 1911, <mask> married Winifred Harwell in 1914, formally adopting her two children by him.<mask> died suddenly in November 1920. He is buried at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica. Legacy
The Venice Pier business was carried on by <mask>'s oldest son Thornton. In December 1920, however, the amusement pier was completely destroyed by fire, except for the new roller coaster and the bandstand tower. The operation was rebuilt and reopened in six months. The miniature railroad ran until 1924. Venice became part of the city of Los Angeles in October 1925.The Venice of America canals came under sharp scrutiny by the health department. The lack of water circulation through the system left the waters turbid and malodorous. The bulk of the canals were paved over in 1929 after a protracted three-year court battle. The remaining canal district stayed in poor condition until extensively renovated in 1992. The canals have since become an expensive residential section and many large, modern houses have been built. The Venice Canal Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982, and as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument. The Venice Pier's demise came in 1946 when the city did not renew the lease on the tidelands.<mask>'s adopted son, Thornton Parillo, left a government position and moved to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where he wrote stories and books on his father's experience in Southern California. <mask>'s creative spirit continued on to his children and the next generation. Though most of <mask>'s work has been demolished, some of his buildings and Venetian-style arches remain, along with his breakwater. In fiction

In the urban fantasy / alternate history novel, California Bones (Tor Books, June 2014), by Greg van Eekhout, <mask>'s Venetian experiment grew to encompass all of Los Angeles, taking the place of what might otherwise have become L.A.'s metropolitan roads, becoming part of a hydraulic empire overseen by an immortal William Mulholland. References

External links

 KCET Departures: "Venice of America"
 Abbot Kinney Festival

American real estate businesspeople
American conservationists
Businesspeople from California
Land owners from California
American tobacco industry executives
Venice, Los Angeles
1850 births
1920 deaths
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
People from Los Angeles
People from New Brunswick, New Jersey
People from Santa Monica, California
People from the San Gabriel Valley
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica
19th century in Los Angeles
20th century in Los Angeles
Activists from California

masks:
Abbot Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
. Kinney
Abbot
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Margaret Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Abbot Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Kinney
Abbot
Kinney
Abbot Kinney
Abbot Kinney


texts:
Michael K<mask> ( ; born August 10, 1955) is a politician from the state of Nebraska in the Midwestern United States. In 2014, he was elected to the Nebraska Legislature, representing a district in the southwestern part of the state, including the city of North Platte. <mask> is a member of the Republican Party. He resigned in 2022 after admitting to taking sexually inappropriate photographs of a legislative aide. Early life and education

<mask> was born August 20, 1955, and raised on a farm near Olean in northeastern Nebraska. He graduated from high school in Dodge in 1973. He attended the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, graduating in 1977 with a Bachelor of Science degree in agricultural economics.Career
<mask> began working for Brothers Equipment Company, a dealer in new and used agricultural implements based in Friend, Nebraska. In the course of this job, he moved to Holyoke, Colorado in 1990. In 1997, he returned to Nebraska, settling in the city of North Platte. In April 2018, he became widely known for his insulting emails towards persons out of his district. In Holyoke, <mask> involved himself in Republican Party politics. In 1995, he ran for the local school board. According to Groene, he paid little attention to taxes in Colorado.However, when he moved back to Nebraska in 1997, he said, he was struck by how much higher the taxes were. In particular, he described his house in Nebraska as comparable to the one he had occupied in Colorado, but with a property tax bill twice as high. In North Platte, <mask> co-founded the Western Nebraska Taxpayers Association, which he described as a nonpartisan group with no agenda apart from lowering taxes. In 2006, the group staged a petition drive to amend the Nebraska constitution; the proposed amendment would have limited the growth of state government spending to the rate of inflation and population growth. Enough signatures were secured to place the measure on the ballot; it was opposed by groups including the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP), the National Education Association (NEA), the Nebraska Farm Bureau, the League of Nebraska Municipalities, the Nebraska and the Greater Omaha Chambers of Commerce, and the Associated General Contractors. By November 1, shortly before the election, the pro-limit campaign had raised about $1.7 million, most of it from two out-of-state organizations, Americans for Limited Government and the National Taxpayers Union; the opposition had raised $2.4 million, about half of which came from the AARP and the NEA. The measure failed by a margin of 30–70%.In 2006, <mask> also ran for a seat on the board of governors of Mid-Plains Community College. In the general election, he was defeated by a margin of 45–55%. In the course of the 2006 campaigns, <mask> met Pete Ricketts, who was then making an unsuccessful attempt to win one of Nebraska's U.S. Senate seats from incumbent Ben Nelson. Discussions between <mask> and Ricketts led to the establishment of the Platte Institute for Economic Research, which described itself as "Nebraska's first Free Market think tank". When the organization was launched in 2007, Ricketts held the title of director and president; <mask> was a member of the board. 2014 election

In 2014, <mask> announced that he would run for a seat in the Nebraska legislature, representing the 42nd District, which was coterminous with Lincoln County. Under Nebraska's term-limits law, the incumbent, Tom Hansen, was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term.2014 primary

<mask> faced two other candidates in the nonpartisan primary election. Scott Dulin, a member of the Democratic Party from North Platte, had grown up on a farm near Hershey, then worked for the Union Pacific Railroad for 19 years, then spent four years working as a rail accident investigator for a Minnesota law firm. While at Union Pacific, he had served for ten years as the local union chairman; for four years, he had served as the alternate legislative representative. Roric Paulman, like <mask> a Republican, was a farmer from Sutherland. He was president of the non-profit Nebraska Water Balance Alliance, and had served on state task forces dealing with water and agricultural issues. None of the candidates had previously held public office. All three candidates named taxes as an issue of concern, and expressed support for lowering property taxes.None of the three supported the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA); Dulin supported the proposed expansion of Medicaid in Nebraska under the ACA's provisions, while <mask> and Paulman opposed it. In the primary election, Paulman received 42.3% of the vote; <mask>, 37.6%; and Dulin, 20.0%. As the top two vote-getters, Paulman and Groene moved on to the general election. 2014 general election

In announcing his candidacy, <mask> had stated that he would not accept contributions from "special interest groups", and would only accept "help to run his campaign from individual citizens". Over the course of the entire campaign, he secured $37,000 in contributions and spent $35,000. Major contributors to the campaign included <mask> and his family, donating $8800; Providence Investments of North Platte, contributing $3500; and two individuals, one in Blair and one in Columbus, each contributing $2500. The Paulman campaign's total receipts amounted to $162,000; its total expenditures were $167,000.Paulman contributed $34,000 to his campaign, and loaned it another $54,000. Major contributions included $10,000 from the Nebraska Hospital Association, $4750 from the Nebraska Bankers State PAC, $4500 from the Nebraska Realtors, and $3300 from the Nebraska Chamber of Commerce and Industry. Paulman received endorsements from the Nebraska Farm Bureau and the Nebraska chapter of the AFL–CIO. His campaign website listed endorsements from nine members of the state legislature, including 42nd District incumbent Hansen. When the general election was held, <mask> received 5322 votes, or 51.5% of the total, to Paulman's 5008 votes, or 48.5%. <mask> described his victory as unexpected, and attributed it to extensive door-to-door campaigning, and to buying time every week on a local talk-radio show. Legislative tenure

2015 session

In the 2015 legislative session, <mask> was assigned to the Education Committee, the Government, Military and Veterans Affairs Committee, and the Nebraska Retirement Systems Committee.<mask> led two successful filibusters in the 2015 session. LB18 would have required Nebraska students to be vaccinated against meningitis. Supporters of the measure argued that mandatory vaccination was necessary as a public-health measure, and was supported by the general medical community; opponents maintained that the incidence of meningitis in Nebraska was low, and that the danger was not sufficient to justify the incursion on individual freedom. A second filibuster killed LB423, which would have made tax credits available for wind- or solar-energy production. Supporters argued that the bill would spur development of Nebraska's wind-power resources, and would boost the economy of rural areas; <mask> and other opponents contended that the unreliability of wind power would preclude using it to replace coal plants, and that the $75 million cost of the tax credits would ultimately be borne by ratepayers and taxpayers. Among the "most significant" actions taken by the Legislature in its 2015 session were three bills that passed over vetoes by governor Pete Ricketts. LB268 repealed the state's death penalty; LB623 reversed the state's previous policy of denying driver's licenses to people who were living illegally in the United States after being brought to the country as children, and who had been granted exemption from deportation under the Barack Obama administration's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program; and LB610 increased the tax on gasoline to pay for repairs to roads and bridges.<mask> voted against the death-penalty repeal, and to sustain Ricketts's veto of the measure; he voted against passage of LB623, and to sustain the gubernatorial veto; and he voted against passage of the gas-tax increase, and to sustain the veto. 2016 session

In its 2016 session, the Nebraska legislature passed three bills that Ricketts then vetoed. LB580 would have created an independent commission of citizens to draw new district maps following censuses; supporters described it as an attempt to de-politicize the redistricting process, while Ricketts maintained that the bill delegated the legislature's constitutional duty of redistricting to "an unelected and unaccountable board". In the bill's 29–15 passage, Groene voted against it, stating "Politicians are giving more and more authority to un-elected appointed commissions to avoid having to take a stand on issues." Sponsor John Murante opted not to seek an override of the governor's veto. A second vetoed bill, LB935, would have changed state audit procedures. The bill passed by a margin of 37–8, with 4 present and not voting; Groene was one of those voting against it, on the grounds that an amendment to the bill had made it more difficult for citizens to monitor spending by state employees and elected officials.The bill was withdrawn without an attempt to override the veto; the state auditor agreed to work with the governor on a new version for the next year's session. A third bill passed over Ricketts's veto. LB947 made DACA beneficiaries eligible for commercial and professional licenses in Nebraska. The bill passed the Legislature on a vote of 33–11–5, with <mask> among those voting against it; the veto override passed 31–13–5, with <mask> again casting a nay vote. <mask> stated that his opposition arose from the belief that illegal immigrants "cheat the system and jump the line", and should not be rewarded for this misconduct. The legislature failed to pass LB10, greatly desired by the Republican Party, which would have restored Nebraska to a winner-take-all scheme of allocating its electoral votes in U.S. presidential elections, rather than continuing its practice of awarding the electoral vote for each congressional district to the candidate who received the most votes in that district. Supporters were unable to break a filibuster; in the 32–17 cloture motion, <mask> was among those who voted in favor of the bill.Resignation

<mask> resigned his office in February 2022 after being accused of taking sexually inappropriate photographs of a female legislative aide. He also dropped out of a race for a seat on the University of Nebraska Board of Regents. <mask> denies that the photographs were sexual in nature. Controversy

Senator <mask> is known for unguarded remarks toward constituents and his colleagues in the Legislature, including insults and vulgar hand gestures. He has described this behavior as a "push against the wall tactic" he considers successful when an opponent has "lost it". Intentionally contracting COVID
Groene opposes measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and stated that he wanted to become infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. He successfully contracted COVID in October 2020.<mask> personally insulted his constituents who contacted him in disagreement with his response to the pandemic and his desire to become infected. Groene called constituents "stupid," "fanatic," and "pathetic" because of their opinion that the virus should be controlled. Because constituents were confused about where to complain about Groene's insults, the Lincoln Journal Star printed guidance on the topic. Religion useful to "keep people in line"

During a 2019 hearing about a bill mandating the phrase "In God We Trust" be displayed in every classroom in Nebraska, Groene stated that fear of Hell and fear of God are useful to "keep people in line." He felt that atheists should promote religion because, in his view, religion is useful to control people and to make children obedient. Atheists criticized Groene's statement, including blogger Hemant Mehta who called it a "startling admission" of the way conservative politicians use religion to manipulate people. Horse massage

Groene proposed a bill to change the regulations around massage therapy for horses and other equines in 2018.A woman contacted Groene criticizing him for spending time on the horse massage bill, which she considered frivolous, rather than a bill to place social workers in schools. Groene responded crudely to her, saying that "asses" are equines so the woman should seek an equine massage. A "social media firestorm" occurred in response to <mask>'s words, according to local media. Inappropriate photos
A staffer working for Groene discovered photos of herself on Groene's laptop in the course of her work. The staffer said that the invasive photos were emailed with captions of a sexual and demeaning nature. After speaking with governor Pete Ricketts, <mask> announced his resignation from the Legislature. Senator Megan Hunt requested an investigation into the possibility that the incident with the photos represents criminal wrongdoing.Senator Jen Day joined Hunt in her call for an investigation, and remarked that she was unsurprised by the allegations because of "the really deep misogyny that exists in the Nebraska Legislature towards female senators and female staff members." Personal life
<mask> married in 1985; he and his wife Barb have two children. References

External links
<mask>'s Nebraska Legislature website

1955 births
Nebraska state senators
Nebraska Republicans
Living people
People from North Platte, Nebraska
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
People from Phillips County, Colorado
21st-century American politicians
People from Colfax County, Nebraska

masks:
. Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene
Groene


texts:
<mask>, 6th Baronet & 4th Viscount <mask> (April 1726 – 11 September 1795) was an Irish landowner and politician. Family
<mask>'s father, Valentine Browne (1695–1736), 5th Baronet and 3rd Viscount Kenmare, was one of the few remaining Roman Catholic landowners in Ireland. His first wife, Honora Butler (?-1730) gave birth to four children, the second of whom was <mask>. The 3rd Viscount built Kenmare House, in Killarney, County Kerry in 1726. This site would become the main residence of the Browne family for the next three centuries. <mask> inherited the estate and the house upon the death of his father in 1736 but did not make the site his permanent place of residence until the mid 1750s. In 1750, he married Anne Cooke, daughter of <mask> of Painstown, County Carlow.The pair had two children; Valentine (b.1754) and Katherine(?). The family resided in Dublin between December 1753 and July 1954 but settled in Killarney following this brief absence. The Brownes were forced to migrate again in 1761. The Kenmare Manuscripts cite the children's education, Lady Kenmare's health and "an indignity which some envious characters under the sanction of the penal laws...mediated against (him)" as possible reasons for this move. The 1760s saw them travel Europe, visiting London, Paris and Lille and returning to Killarney periodically throughout the decade. By 1788, <mask> was in residence in Kenmare House once more. Education
Browne attended Westminster School until the death of his father in 1736.His older brother, Valentine, died in 1728 leaving the ten year old <mask> to inherit the title of Viscount and an estate of over 120,000 acres that stretched across Kerry, Cork and Limerick. Browne was placed under the care of his aunt Katherine, wife of Don Louis da Cunha, Portuguese ambassador in London. She enrolled him in the English seminary at Douai in 1736. He spent four years studying here before moving on to enrol at Oxford. There were many attempts to convert him to the Church of England faith throughout his studies. His refusal to accept Protestantism cost him a university matriculation at Oxford and a place in the English House of Commons. He finished his studies at the Academy of Turin and earned the respect of the King and the royal family of Sardinia.Politics

The Viscount Kenmare Title
The title Viscount <mask> was granted to the Browne family by James II in March 1689. This was an Irish peerage created after the removal of James II from the English throne, while he was still was de facto king of Ireland and prior to the conquest of William III. The first and second Viscounts fought for James II but were firm in their Catholicism seem never to have been formally attainted under William. Consequently, the peerage remained on the Irish patent roll in a constitutionally ambiguous position, but was not formally recognised by the Protestant political establishment. The 4th Viscount's Politics
<mask>'s aristocratic status and landownership naturally led him to play a prominent role in Catholic politics during the later eighteenth century. <mask> sought to show that Roman Catholics could be incorporated in the Protestant settlement of eighteenth-century Ireland. In the early 1760s, he proposed unsuccessfully the establishment of an Irish regiment, with Catholic officers as well as other ranks, formally in Portuguese service but in practice supporting Britain's effort during the Seven Years' War.At the same time, <mask>, and other heads of Catholic families, were suspected by some Protestants of organising the Whiteboy agrarian riots in Munster as part of a conspiracy to gain power in Ireland with French assistance. The desire of prominent Catholics to show that they did not wish forcibly to overthrow the constitutional settlement contributed to the development of the Catholic Committee, formed to argue for Catholic relief in Ireland. During the 1770s, with Arthur James Plunkett, seventh earl of Fingall, and Anthony Preston, eleventh Viscount Gormanston, as well as a number of senior bishops, <mask> formed a conservative party on the committee, arguing that Catholic relief was best obtained by producing declarations of loyalty and maintaining good relations with the Dublin and London administrations. This group became the dominant force on the committee. <mask>'s correspondence with Edmund Burke shows that he maintained communication with the British parliamentary opposition, but he principally regarded the economic and constitutional reform championed by the Rockingham whigs and their Irish allies as a distraction that conflicted with his wish to maintain close ties with the government. To this end, he supported the recruitment of soldiers in Ireland to fight for Britain in the American War of Independence during the 1770s. His pro-government policy began to pay dividends when the first important Relief Acts were passed in 1778 and 1782, though other factors, including the development of Irish patriotism, the decline of Jacobitism, and the changing imperial context, were undoubtedly important as well.The political ferment in Ireland following the recognition of legislative independence in 1782 threatened <mask>'s strategy. Demands for the widening of the parliamentary franchise among the volunteer and patriot movements raised the question of whether Catholics should be included in any measure of reform, but involvement in the campaign was opposed by <mask> and the conservatives on the committee, which never actually discussed the issue. On 11 November 1783, at the start of a discussion on Catholic relief at the national convention of volunteers in Dublin, George Ogle, a Wexford MP, announced that he had received "a letter from a Roman Catholic peer expressive of the sentiments of the Catholics in general … that they had relinquished the idea of making any claims further than the religious liberties they enjoyed." Ogle's intervention stopped debate on Catholic claims. Though purportedly written by <mask>, the letter was actually composed by his cousin, Sir Boyle Roche, who, as a Protestant, had represented <mask>'s views in the Commons. <mask> could therefore deny authorship, ensuring that no break with the administration occurred, and that division in the committee was avoided. Killarney

Improvements
Coming of age in 1747, Browne took over the Kenmare Estate and returned to Killarney.Upon arrival he noted that the area was "a large barren waste" and professed an interest in improving the district. In his efforts to revitalise Killarney he drained the bogs, built and mended roads and houses, he planted trees and divided the land into sectioned fields. Tenants were given long leases and were offered cheap rent in exchange for improving their own dwelling places. Almost all the physical work involved in these projects was done by Browne's tenants. This work was considered charitable at the time as people earned a substantial wage by completing seemingly trivial jobs. Eager to improve the town, he also invested the profit earned at his salmon fisheries into public works. The town grew with time however, the circumstances of his tenants declined.He had invested around £30,000 pounds in this venture and spent ten years living among them yet his efforts to help the people had not come to full fruition. Despite this, Browne's legacy in Killarney is a lasting one, largely due to the fact that he was among the first to suggest Killarney as a tourist destination. Tourism
Browne was quick to realise that the beauty of Killarney could be used to its advantage and began a campaign to promote Killarney as a tourist destination. He granted land to the Great Southern Railway in 1854, allowing for the construction of the first railway hotel. His infrastructure enterprises included the building of inns and lodges that would be able to house visitors during the summer months. The people of Killarney were encouraged to embrace the spirt of tourism. Private tour services were set up whereby a local would act as a guide and usher visitors around the town and the lakes.The boats organised to sail the lakes would often stop at Inisfallen island where the 7th century Abbey had been transformed into a dining hall at the request of the Viscount <mask>. Browne was aided by his family in this tourism venture. His sister travelled Europe and encouraged people to visit Killarney, lauding the town's beauty. Death and legacy
Lord <mask> died in Killarney on 11 September 1795, and was succeeded by his son Valentine Browne (1754–1812), who maintained his father's political stance, and was created earl of Kenmare in 1801. See also
Ireland 1691–1801

References

1726 births
1795 deaths
<mask> from County Kerry
Viscounts in the Jacobite peerage
Baronets in the Baronetage of Ireland
Irish Jacobites

masks:
Thomas Browne
Kenmare
Thomas Browne
Thomas
Thomas Browne
Thomas Cooke
Thomas Browne
Thomas
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Kenmare
Thomas People


texts:
<mask> (23 December 1679 in Londorf, Hesse – 25 October 1759 in Halle) was a German physician and chemist. <mask> was a leader in the Pietist reform movement as it applied to medicine. He directed the Francke Foundations and initiated approaches to medical practice, charitable treatment, and education at the University of Halle that influenced others internationally. He was a staunch proponent of Georg Ernst Stahl and helped to more clearly present Stahl's phlogiston theory of combustion. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 23 December 1679 to <mask>, a well-to-do tenant farmer in Londorf, near Giessen. Juncker went to school in Allendorf and Obernhof, before attending the Pädagogium in Giessen for four years. The head of the institution at that time, J. H. May, was a Pietist.A dissident evangelical reform movement, Pietism emphasized the practical application of theology and active charitable work. <mask> attended the University of Marburg, matriculating on 30 October 1696 with a degree in philosophy. His studies were briefly interrupted when he helped his parents relocate to Franconia in 1696, due to hostilities of the Nine Years' War. As of 2 November 1697,
Juncker moved to the newly founded University of Halle (or Fridericiana),
a center of Pietist theological reform
where he began studying theology. Philosophical lectures were given by Christoph Cellarius and  theological lectures by August Hermann Francke. <mask> also took classes in medicine with Friedrich Hoffmann and Georg Ernst Stahl while at Halle. Juncker received free meals and lodging as part of an initiative, backed by a royal order, that collected funds for the support of students.Like many of the poorer students, <mask> taught in the Pädagogium at Halle. Career
From 1701 to 1707 <mask> held a sequence of teaching positions, in Halle, Lemgo, Schaaken and Pyrmont. In 1707 he married Charlotte Sophie the Countess of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1667-1723). They lived in Schwarzenau, where he continued to study medicine. In 1716 <mask> returned to Halle at the request of Francke, to become medical supervisor of the school, orphanage and clinic that Francke had founded. The institutions were collectively known as the Franckesche Stiftungen or Francke Foundations. <mask> completed his medical studies under Michael Alberti and graduated on 27 January 1717 with a doctor of medicine.The Francke Foundations were shaped by the Pietist movement. As a pedagogical center, the institutions at Halle influenced educational systems both in Germany and internationally. <mask> was a leader of Pietist medicine, influential in establishing approaches to medical practice, charitable treatment, and education at Halle. Poor patients received both medical treatment and medicines for free. Charity patients and those able to pay received medicines of equal quality. <mask> supervised the laboratories where medicines were produced. They were exported to countries as far away as India and South Africa, and provided the institution with an important source of income.As director of the orphanage and its associated medical clinic, <mask> made the practice of volunteering at the clinic (previously an option for medical students) required as part of the medical curriculum. The addition of this Collegium clinicum or practical training to the curriculum led to the expansion of both the medical program and the clinic. Under <mask>'s direction, the clinic provided free medical care to thousands of poor patients each year. As a result of <mask>'s approach, Halle became an "internationally renowned centre of practical training". <mask>'s clinic at Halle has been described as "a second influential source of clinical teaching". It was preceded only by Herman Boerhaave's clinic, which was established in 1714, three years earlier. Although other institutions were slow to model themselves on it,
<mask>'s work at Halle inspired the establishment of clinics at Berlin, Göttingen, Jena, and Erfurt.<mask> wrote and published extensively. In 1721 he published Conspectus chirurgiae, an alphabetical listing describing surgical and obstetrical instruments, bandages, and other medical equipment such as a vaginal cannula for treatment of uterine prolapse. Between 1721 and 1757, 33 editions of Conspectus chirurgiae were published. It is considered one of his most important works, as is Conspectus formularum medicarum. <mask> was an energetic defender of the Halle physician Georg Ernst Stahl, who founded the phlogiston theory of combustion. <mask> published dissertations and books that developed Stahl's vitalist approach. His treatment of Stahl's work on chemical composition and reaction was "critical and coherent", making it easier to understand and reaching a greater audience.He also agreed with Stahl that the disciplines of chemistry and medicine should be treated as distinct. <mask>'s Conspectus chemiae theoretico-practicae (1730) systematically explored the work of Stahl and <mask> Becher, and influenced the reception of Stahl's work by eighteenth-century European thinkers including Guillaume-François Rouelle and Immanuel Kant. On 29 June 1729 <mask> was made a full professor with an appointment to the chair of  medicine at the University of Halle. Family
<mask> was married three times. His first marriage was in 1707 to Charlotte Sophie the Countess of Waldeck and Pyrmont (28 January 1667 – 6 September 1723 in Halle), the daughter of Count Christian Ludwig. His second marriage was in 1725 to <mask> Lichtenberg (1703-1726), the daughter of the <mask> Lichtenberg (1660–1739), administrator of Jägersburg. Of this marriage, one daughter, Philippine Louise, survived, marrying the physician Peter Nicolai Neugart in April 1743.<mask>'s third marriage was on 17 April 1727 to Christiane Eleonore von Bomsdorf (d. 1765), the daughter of the Saxon Oberst Phillip Wilhelm von Bamsdorff. The son of this marriage was the physician Friedrich Christian <mask> (13 May 1730, Copenhagen - 27 July 1770, Halle) who also became a Halle professor of medicine. <mask> held the position of professor of medicine at Halle from 29 June 1729 until his death on 25 October 1759. His grave is located in the Halle Stadtgottesacker cemetery complex. He was succeeded in his position as professor of medicine at Halle by his son, Friedrich Christian <mask>.

masks:
Johann Juncker
Juncker
Johann Juncker
Johann Ludwig Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Johann Joachim
Juncker
Juncker
Johanna Elisabeth
Johann Philipp
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker
Juncker


texts:
<mask> (May 15, 1901 – February 11, 1967) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader. Over his career, <mask> worked extensively with many leading performers as both a sideman and bandleader and is possibly best known for the 1941 chamber jazz song "Profoundly Blue". Biography

Early life
Born in Reserve, Louisiana, United States, about 40 miles west of New Orleans on the Mississippi River, <mask> and his siblings were born into a musical family. His father, <mask>, and mother, Caroline Duhe, had eight children, Priscilla (1893), Moretta (1895), Viola (1897), Robert (1899), <mask> (1901), Clarence (1903), Edward (1905) and Herbert (1907). His father, Edward, played the clarinet in the Onward Brass Band, joined by <mask>'s maternal uncles, Jules Duhe on trombone, Lawrence Duhe on clarinet, and <mask> on guitar. The <mask> brothers, Robert, <mask>, and Herbert, all became clarinetists, but <mask> was first taught guitar by his uncle <mask>. When <mask> picked up the clarinet, "he could play it within a week.He started Monday and played it Saturday," his brother Herb recalled in an interview with Manfred Selchow, who wrote a biography of <mask> titled Profoundly Blue (1988). <mask> worked as a farmhand, but by 1919 he had become tired of the hard work, and despite his parents' worries of him finding a decent job as a musician, he left for New Orleans. The first New Orleans band he played with was that of Bud Rousell (Bud Russell). He also played with Jack Carey (trombone) and blues cornetist Chris Kelley. Music career
In 1920, he went to a dance at Economy Hall in New Orleans where Buddy Petit was playing. Petit needed a replacement on clarinet, and he hired <mask>. After two years, he moved to Pensacola, Florida, and joined Lee Collins's band, followed by Mack Thomas, and the Pensacola Jazzers.He met trumpeter Cootie Williams and, with Williams, he joined the Alonzo Ross DeLuxe Syncopators. <mask> moved to New York City in 1928, and was a member of the Claude Hopkins orchestra until 1935. <mask> had been featured on alto and baritone saxophone since 1922. When he joined Billy Hicks's band, the Sizzling Six, he had a position as a full-time clarinetist. On June 15, 1937, he had his first recording session with Billie Holiday, accompanied by Lester Young on tenor saxophone. In 1940, Henry "Red" Allen arrived at the Café Society, and <mask> became the band's clarinetist. <mask> spent nine years at the Café Society, playing and recording in between jobs with many of his contemporaries, such as Sid Catlett, Charlie Christian, Ida Cox, Wild Bill Davison, Sidney De Paris, Vic Dickenson, Roy Eldridge, Bud Freeman, Coleman Hawkins, Eddie Heywood, J. C. Higginbotham, Meade Lux Lewis, Lucky Millinder, Hot Lips Page, Zutty Singleton, Joe Sullivan, Art Tatum, Jack Teagarden, Big Joe Turner, Helen Ward, and Josh White.He recorded for the first time as a leader in February 1941. Late in 1941, <mask> left Allen to join Teddy Wilson, who also played at the Café Society. Around this time <mask>'s style changed. His admiration for Benny Goodman and Artie Shaw caused him to work on his technique. <mask> tried a Boehm system clarinet, but that attempt was short-lived. He soon went back to his beloved Albert System clarinet, which he played until he died. During this period, he made many recordings as <mask>'s Blue Note Jazzmen, the Edmond Hall Sextet, the Edmond Hall Celeste Quartet, <mask>'s Star Quintet, <mask> and the Big City Jazzmen, and <mask>'s Swingtet.The recording sessions always took place between the work hours of the Café Society and included many of the musicians who performed there. <mask> was frequently invited to the Town Hall concerts led by Eddie Condon. In 1944, Teddy Wilson formed a trio, while the other band members remained at Café Society. <mask> became a bandleader after being asked by Barney Josephson, owner of Café Society. He recorded for Blue Note and Commodore. In an Esquire magazine poll, he was voted the second-best clarinet player, behind the clarinetist he admired most, Benny Goodman. With Louis Armstrong
In the mid-1940s, Barney Josephson sought new musicians to play Café Society.In June 1947, <mask> left the club. Early in 1947 Louis Armstrong's appearance at Carnegie Hall was announced. <mask> and his small combo were picked to accompany Armstrong during half of the program. As a result of this concert, Armstrong would abandon his big band and switch a small combo, the All Stars. In September 1947, <mask> joined the All-Star Stompers with Wild Bill Davison, Ralph Sutton and Baby Dodds. Meanwhile, Barney Josephson again asked <mask> to return to Uptown Café Society with a new band. Business worsened, however, and Josephson closed Uptown in December 1947.<mask> took his men back to Downtown Café Society but, in June 1948, <mask>'s band was replaced with the Dave Martin Trio. In late 1948, <mask> took a job at Boston's Savoy Cafe, playing with members of Bob Wilber's band. He also promoted a concert with George Wein. Steve Connolly of the Savoy Cafe asked <mask> to bring his own band and replace Bob Wilber. <mask>'s band, the Edmond Hall All-Stars, began playing the Savoy on April 4, 1949. <mask> left the Savoy in early March 1950 to return to New York. He played clubs and festivals, including one job in San Francisco.Eddie Condon called <mask> in San Francisco, asking him to join his band at Eddie Condon's. <mask> stayed with Condon, playing other jobs as well, mostly with members from Condon's band. An example was the Annual Steamboat Ball in June 1951 and the frequent sessions for the Dr. Jazz broadcasts during 1952. Condon's band recorded many sessions during <mask>'s engagement. In November 1952, <mask> participated in a special concert, "Hot Versus Cool,"  which pitted New Orleans-style jazz against bop. The New Orleans-style musicians were <mask>, Dick Cary, Vic Dickenson,  Jack Lesberg, Jimmy McPartland, and George Wettling. On the opposite side were Ray Abrams, Don Elliott, Dizzy Gillespie, Al McKibbon, and Max Roach.The album received a top rating of five stars in DownBeat magazine. During 1954, <mask> played with Ralph Sutton, Mel Powell, and Jack Teagarden. At the end of 1955, <mask> left Condon to appear as a guest musician on the Teddy Wilson show. He then replaced Barney Bigard in the Louis Armstrong band, which toured Europe and Sweden. Felix Blair of The New York Times wrote, "America's secret weapon is a blue note in a minor key. Right now its most effective ambassador is Louis Satchmo Armstrong." The quotation was used for the album Ambassador Satch.The band moved to Los Angeles to participate in the filming of High Society (1956) starring Grace Kelly and Bing Crosby. After tours in Australia and England, the band visited Ghana, Africa, where it played for its largest audience, 11,000 at the first concert. Back in the U.S., there was a performance with the New York Philharmonic under Leonard Bernstein. The evening's grand finale was Bernstein conducting the stadium symphony orchestra in an Alfredo Antonini arrangement of "Saint Louis Blues". The event was held at Lewisohn Stadium in New York, which drew a crowd of 21,000 people. The event was filmed as part of the documentary Satchmo the Great, produced and narrated by Edward R. Murrow, with film clips of the tours in Europe and Ghana. The All Stars appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show before leaving for the midwest to play the Ravinia Festival near Chicago.They participated in a Norman Granz Benefit at Hollywood Bowl. In December 1956, they recorded the album Satchmo – A Musical Autobiography and supported it with a tour in the U.S. and South America. <mask> became an honorary member of the Hot Club De Buenos Aires. Tired of touring, <mask> left the All-Stars and took a vacation in California. After his vacation, he performed with old friends Eddie Condon, Ralph Sutton, Teddy Wilson, Red Allen, and J. C. Higginbotham. <mask> was invited to play with bands in Toronto, then returned to Chicago for an engagement at the Jazz, Ltd. club. At the end of 1958, he entered the studio to record Petit Fleur with his sextet, including friends from Cafe Society such as Vic Dickenson.<mask> returned to Ghana, having been impressed with its beauty, friendliness, and lack of racial prejudice. His goal was to settle there and start a music school. <mask> and Winnie left New York for an exploratory trip, and when they returned they had decided to move to Ghana. Before moving, <mask> was invited to the South Shore Jazz Festival in Milton, Massachusetts. He recorded Rumpus on Rampart Street with his orchestra, then left for Ghana. But his attempt at a music school failed. He was unable to get students to practice, and their lack of discipline and interest motivated his return to the U.S.

<mask> flew to Copenhagen in 1961 to perform as a guest with Papa Bue's Viking Jazz Band.Returning home, he assembled the Hall American Jazz Stars and played at Condon's in New York City. During the early 1960s, he worked often, touring with Yves Montand and Chris Barber, and recording with Leonard Gaskin, Marlowe Morris, and the Dukes of Dixieland. In 1964, <mask> and his wife settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Last years

George Wein assembled a package of bands, and <mask> was the featured star with the Dukes of Dixieland, who toured Japan in July 1964. He played at the Carnegie Hall Salute to Eddie Condon and appeared at jazz festivals, often with his friend Vic Dickenson. For a few months, he played regularly at the Monticello restaurant, often in front of little or no audience as jazz was less popular. <mask> would have played for as little as $50, but his wife did not let him unless the offer was at least $70–$75.By then <mask> was semi-retired and would show up unexpectedly at a nearby pub where the local band, Tomasso and His Jewels of Dixieland, would play. According to Tomasso, they never knew when <mask> would show up. <mask> did that for an about six months for free, without any contract, for the pleasure of playing. A break came in November 1966, when plans for a European tour were made. <mask> was to play with Alan Elsdon's band during the tour, which began in England and extended to Germany, Denmark, and Sweden. <mask> returned to Denmark to record for Storyville at the Rosenberg Studio in Copenhangen. These were his last recordings.<mask> was back home for Christmas. On January 1967, there was another important engagement, John Hammond's 30th Anniversary Concert – Spirituals to Swing at Carnegie Hall in New York. <mask> was invited as he belonged the Café Society Band, which was featured at the concert. The next important concert was the Second Annual Boston Globe Jazz Festival on January 21, 1967. On February 3, 1967, <mask> played at the Governor Dummer Academy with George Poor's band as a featured performer with Bobby Hackett. <mask> died on February 12, 1967 at the age of 65. Private life

In April 1922, while playing in Buddy Petit's Band, <mask> married 17-year-old girl Octavia Stewart.The marriage was prompted by the imminent arrival of their son, <mask> <mask>, who was born on July 20, 1922, but died as a child on December 3, 1934. On May 12, 1938, he married his second wife, Winnifred Henry from Cambridge Massachusetts. He met her while he was a member of the Hopkins Band three years earlier at Ruggles Hall in Boston. The couple had no children. <mask> was constantly practicing his clarinet even on his days off. Winnie sometimes was part of his travels. They had friends in England whom they visited frequently.Throughout his career into the mid-1950s, <mask> was confronted with race discrimination. In 1951, while playing at Condon's a film crew came in and wanted <mask> to play the background track, but he was  replaced with Pee Wee Russell for the actual shooting. <mask> refused and called his union. Condon and the other musicians supported him. Losing a large audience in the south, if displaying a black man in the band was the company's reasoning. They did make two versions but in the end, the version with <mask> was the only one released. <mask> also recalled being talked to by police frequently, about the way he had parked his car, while others in the group were not bothered.On one occasion he and his wife were refused a hotel room and were forced to spend the night in their car. In 1952, <mask>, Buzzy Drootin and Ralph Sutton appeared as the Ralph Sutton Trio in Saint Louis, where they played the "Encore Lounge" for several weeks. They were the first mixed trio there. X - No. 6 1979
 Alan Barrell, About Lee Collins, Vol. V - No. 4, 1974
 Walter Bruyninckx, 60 Years of Recorded Jazz 1917–1977, Mechelen Belgium
 Brian Case/Stan Britt, The illustrated Encyclopedia of Jazz, Salamander Books London 1978
 Samuel B.Charters, Jazz New Orleans 1885–1963
 John Chilton, Who's Who of Jazz, Chilton Book Company, Philadelphia, New York, London 1970
 John Chilton, Blues, Blues; quartet books, London 1977
 Mary Collins, John W. Miner, Jazz: From Lee Collins' Story, Evergreen Review 35, March 1965
 Stanley Dance, The World of Swing, New York 1974
 Stanley Dance, Jazz Era - The Forties, Jazz Book Club, London 1962
 Jempi de Donder, My Buddy, Vol. XIV, No. 3, February/March 1983
 Jorgen Grunnet Jepsen, Jazz Records 1942–1962, Emil Knudsen, Holte Denmark
 Max Jones, The Edmond Hall Story (3 parts), Melody Maker, April 1956
 Orrin Keepnews/Bill Grauer Jr., Pictorial History of Jazz, revised edition, Spring Books, The Hamlyn
 Publishing Group Ltd., Feltham Middlesex, England, 1968
 Horst H. Lange, Die Deutsche 78er Discographie der Hot-Dance und Jazz-Musik 1903–1958, 2. erweiterte Auflage, Kolloquium Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1978
 Peter Kunst, <mask>, Jazz Podium 5/Vl, Germany 1957
 Berry McRae, <mask>, Jazz Journal Vol. XXIII/No. 12, December 1970
 Herman Rosenberg/Eugene Williams, New Orleans Clarinets 2, <mask>, Jazz Information, No. 2, August 9, 1940
 Interviews with <mask> by William Russell and Richard B. Allen, April 11, 1957, and July 18, 1958; Courtesy R. B. Allen - Curator of William Ransom Hogan Jazz Archive, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
 Interviews with Kid Thomas Valentine by William Russell and Richard B. Allen, 1957,1962; Courtesy R. B. Allen - Curator of William Ransom Hogan Jazz Archive, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
 Brian Rust, Jazz Records 1897–1942, 4th edition, Arlington House Publishers, New York 1978
 James D. Shacter, Piano Man, Jaynar Press, Chicago 1975
 Nat Shapiro/Nat Hentoff, Hear Me Talkin' to Ya, Dover Publications, New York 1995
 Charles E. Smith, Ed Hall - Gentleman Traveler, Downbeat, 11, 24, 1960
 Anton Trular, New Orleans Musiker in Europa: Edmond Hall, Jazz Podium No. 9/lX - 1960
 C.K."Bozy" White, The Eddie Condon Town Hall Broadcasts 1944–1955, Shoestring Records, Oakland, CA, 1980
 Felix Blair, New York Times, 1955
 P. Scott of Globe and Mail, 5/5/1962
 Leonard Feather, New Yorker Post 8/2/1964

External links
[ All Music]
Interview with <mask>, undated. University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collection, UA 15.01, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections. 1901 births
1967 deaths
American jazz clarinetists
Jazz clarinetists
Blue Note Records artists
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Swing clarinetists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century clarinetists
People from Reserve, Louisiana

masks:
Edmond Hall
Hall
Hall
Edward Blainey Hall
Edmond
Edmond
Edmond Duhe
Hall
Edmond
Edmond
Edmond
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall
Ed Hall
Edmond Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Elton Edmond
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall
Edmond Hall


texts:
<mask> (November 6, 1874 – December 24, 1947) was an American psychologist, known for her contributions to the educational sector, groundbreaking research on sex differences and rigorous research methods. <mask>'s interest in scientific inquiry was prompted by the work of her father, <mask>, who was an inventor. <mask>'s academic achievement and resultant scholarship allowed her to pursue studies in psychology at the University of Chicago. <mask>'s studies at the University of Chicago marked the beginning of her career in experimental and applied psychology. Her controversial dissertation, titled The Psychological Norms in Men and Women, attracted the interest as well as scrutiny of the scientific world as it was the first major piece of psychological research explicitly examining the similarities and differences of the mental traits of women and men. Woolley's husband, <mask>, was a determining force in the course of her career, as the constant relocations required by his profession as a physician limited hers academic opportunities. Following their wedding, <mask> followed Paul to Japan and subsequently the Philippines, where she started working as a researcher for the Bureau of Education, marking her first endeavour in developmental psychology.<mask>'s work in education continued with her involvement in the Vocation Bureau, the Merrill-Palmer School and the Institute for Child Welfare Research at Teachers College, Columbia University. <mask>'s late life was plagued by her deteriorating mental health, which impacted her interpersonal relationships as well as occupational status. At the age of 73, she died of an aortic aneurysm in her daughter's home in Harvertown Pennsylvania. Personal life

Family

<mask> <mask> was born on November 6, 1874, in Englewood, Chicago. As the middle child of three siblings, she and her sisters were raised in a middle-class Chicago suburb. The eldest sister, Jane, attended the University of Michigan for one year but left school due to the financial burden. Lilian, the youngest sister, attended Cook County Normal School and went on to become a teacher.Their mother, Isabella Perkins Faxon was an active missionary during a time when women were expected to confine their interests to family and household activities. <mask>'s father, <mask> (though his name is disputed in several articles) was a partner in a shoe manufacturing business and an inventor, producing implements such as burglar alarms, a heat regulating thermostat for a coal furnace, and a letter sorting device for the post office. Even though <mask> rejected her mother's missionary work on the grounds that she was agnostic, her mother provided a good role model that women are competent organizers  Her father's work was more appealing to Woolley compared to that of her mother, sparking an interest in scientific endeavours. Socioeconomic status

As a single-income, middle-class family, <mask>'s family presumably struggled with some financial constraints. The eldest daughter, Jane, was able to attend the University of Michigan for one year however, she had to withdraw due to the family's inability to carry the financial burden of tuition payment. However, Woolley won a scholarship to the University of Chicago as a result of her high average upon graduating from Englewood High School in 1893. <mask>'s family would have been affected by The Panic of 1893, a serious economic depression in the US that started in 1893–1897.The scholarship she received allowed her to attend university with only expenses of books and travel fare. Without the scholarship, Woolley's education and career might have met the same fate as her older sister Jane. Relationship and Travels

<mask> met her husband, Paul Gerhardt <mask> in university when she was a senior and Paul was finishing medical studies at Chicago. Soon after meeting, they were engaged and remained engaged for eight years during which time both completed their professional training. After completing their undergraduate studies, <mask> was offered a graduate fellowship and remained in Chicago while Paul left for residency at Johns Hopkins University. After working in Massachusetts for four years, <mask> left her job and moved to Japan where Paul was working as an epidemiologist. She and Paul were married in Yokohama.Soon thereafter, they moved to the Philippines where Paul directed a laboratory. In the Philippines, <mask> began working for the Bureau of Education, performing research on childhood education and the best years for learning. While <mask> took on this project, Paul took a job in Siam (now called Thailand) doing public health work and manufacturing vaccines for smallpox and anthrax. She joined Paul once her project was done. When Woolley became pregnant, Paul sent her home out of concern for her and the baby's health. At six months pregnant, Woolley took a boat to the West Coast, then taking a train back to her parents’ home, arriving barely six weeks before her first daughter, Eleanor Faxon <mask>, was born (August 26, 1907). Eleanor's birth sparked <mask>'s interest in child and developmental psychology.After spending a year in Omaha, Nebraska the family moved to Cincinnati. Paul began teaching at the medical school, while <mask> was a philosophy lecturer at the University of Cincinnati. However, during their years in Cincinnati, <mask> and Paul drifted apart. Paul eventually took on a job in Detroit running a medical testing laboratory, and <mask> left Cincinnati in 1921 to follow Paul to Detroit. In 1924, Paul contracted tuberculosis from the diagnostic laboratory and left for a sanatorium in Pasadena, California. <mask> filed for a divorce from <mask> in 1927 with the plans of marrying <mask> (no relation) and eventually died in 1932. <mask> died of a cerebral hemorrhage at age 72 in Pennsylvania on Christmas Eve of 1947.Education

<mask> graduated as valedictorian from Englewood High School in 1893, with an average of 97 for the four years study. Her graduation valedictory essay "The Advance Towards Individual Freedom by the Aid of Invention" reflected her inclination towards scientific contributions in social development. <mask> received scholarship to the University of Chicago with her excellent high school results. During the period from 1890 to 1910, women only comprised 2.2% – 3.8% in post-secondary institutions. <mask> and her two sisters earning university degrees signify the importance of education in the family. <mask> was offered scholarship in both physics and psychology at University of Chicago, and accepted the psychology scholarship. Upon completion of her undergraduate degree in 1897, <mask> was granted a fellowship for graduate work in psychology with James R. Angell, John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, and Henry H. Donaldson under the department of philosophy.<mask> published papers in psychology, philosophy, and neurology. <mask> received her PhD from the University of Chicago in 1900, with the highest distinction. John B. Watson graduated from the University of Chicago as well with similar course of study, but his performance was regarded as much inferior to Woolley. Women who completed PhDs in 20th century were proportionate to men in receiving acceptance into professional organizations such as APA, yet their occupational status was incomparable. Women's contributions in academics were significantly under-represented, and academic positions were difficult to be obtained, especially for married women. Upon completion of her PhD, <mask> was recognized by the Association of Collegiate Alumnae and was awarded a European Fellowship. She studied with Carl Stumpf and Arthur Konig in Berlin, and later with Eduard Tulouse and Pierre Janet in Sorbonne.Dissertation: Psychological Norms in Men and Women

Under the direction of James R. Angell, <mask>'s doctoral dissertation investigated the performance of 25 males and 25 female university students on "motor ability, skin and muscle senses, taste and smell, hearing, vision, intellectual faculties and affective processes". The thesis was titled "Psychological Norms in Men and Women". Her thesis has attracted much attention as it significantly challenged the societal standards of the time. It was the first major scientific experimental research comparing the mental traits of men and women. Woolley adopted the approach of comparing distributions of scores on each test between sexes instead of reporting average performance of all participants. The results supported that men presented higher average performance on motor skills tests, whereas women were better at finer sensory discrimination; women were more skilled in memory and association tasks within intellectual faculties, whereas men had advantage in tests of ingenuity. Woolley accounted the differences between sexes as the characteristics which were most beneficial evolutionarily for sexual reproduction.<mask> later published her dissertation in The Mental Traits of Sex, where her work was criticized for whether women in her sample were an accurate representation of the sex in general. One criticism was that college women and college men were not comparable because college women are usually of the highest intelligence in their respective families and/or driven by especially strong ambition, while college men follow a generally ordinary trajectory. This was the stereotypical view of educated women during the early 20th century. However, a new class of university educated women began to enter the realms of science and social science and enthusiastically applied their expertise on social and political issues of that time. Career

The Vocation Bureau (1911-1921)

<mask> was a pioneer in the practical application of developmental psychological principles. As director of the Cincinnati Vocation Bureau, appointed in 1911, she contributed significantly to the understanding of influential factors in the physical and mental development of adolescents. The Vocation Bureau was responsible for the issuance of "working certificates" to children between the ages of 14 and 16 years and therefore provided a wide pool of data for Woolley to successfully conduct her research.Woolley aimed to establish intelligence tests appropriate for adolescents and the statistical norms to accompany such tests, as well as examine the potential relationship between test and job performance. Woolley compared the performance of 14-year-old subjects who had joined the workforce to subjects regularly attending school classes for the span of four years. After completing an extensive data analysis with her assistant, Charlotte Fischer, Woolley did not find support for her cognitive tests; however, her project increased awareness of the utility of experimental psychology in the advancement of the public-school sector and educational policies. The results of the study were subsequently published in 1926 under the name “An Experimental Study of Children at Work and in School Between the Ages of Fourteen and Eighteen Years”. The Vocation Bureau was expanded to include the testing of children in order to establish class placements. She was additionally the first woman and first psychologist to be appointed president of the National Vocational Guidance Association in 1921. The Merrill-Palmer School (1921-1925)

In an attempt to follow her husband to Michigan, <mask> accepted a position as a psychologist and assistant director at the Merrill-Palmer School in 1921.The Merrill-Palmer School was a nursery school offering courses in child care. The school also represented research initiatives in early child development and attracted a great deal of attention as one of the first laboratory nursery schools in the United States. While <mask>'s experimental work within the school was limited, it facilitated a change in her research interests to younger populations of children. She played a part in the Merrill-Palmer scale, which is an intelligence test that was used for many types of children- in nursery schools, clinics, orphanages, and different types of research. Moreover, she expressed concerns with the validity of cognitive testing in young children and emphasized the importance of environmental factors in the development of IQ in such ages. Teachers College (1925-1930)

In May 1925, <mask> received an offer to become a director for the Institute for Child Welfare Research at Teachers College, Columbia University. <mask> became the only woman at the time to become a director of one of the most prestigious research centers.In an attempt to smooth the transition between her position at the Merrill-Palmer School and her new position at Teachers College, Woolley travelled between Detroit and New York from January to June, 1926. By April, 1926, <mask> started receiving criticism from friends and coworkers regarding her work ethics. The director of the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial, Lawrence K. Frank, had interviewed the Dean of Teachers College, James Russell, and reflected on it in a memorandum:

In late May, it was discovered that Woolley had developed an abdominal tumour for which she had to undergo an appendectomy and hysterectomy. During her treatment, Teachers College was kindly supporting Woolley by continuing her salary and paying her medical bills. Despite her health issues, Woolley officially moved to New York in September 1926, and subsequently developed two nursery schools within Teachers College for the purpose of studying early childhood education. She hired about fifteen female graduates to work under her, who developed innovative work on early childhood education and collectively advocated for nursery schools. The death of her close friend, Bess Cleveland, and her divorce from Paul, were only two of many factors in Woolley's life that caused emotional instability.<mask> took a leave of absence for a year and traveled to various nursery schools in England, Brussels, Vienna, and Geneva in order to gain knowledge on early childhood education in European countries. She resumed her duties in August 1928 and presented two papers at the International Congress of Psychology Conference in Fall 1929. Woolley was shocked when she was asked to resign in February 1930 by Dean William Russell, son of the previous Dean Russell, who accused her of being a poor teacher and an incompetent administrator. Woolley's accomplishments during her time at Teachers' College included becoming an internationally known researcher and scholar, having multiple publications, and being considered as one of America's top child psychologists by the age of 55. She felt strongly that Dean Russell's statements were untrue. He cited difficulties with her teaching, but Woolley received excellent student evaluations, was an internationally known scholar and researcher, and it was her work and ideas that had made Teachers' College renowned for early childhood education. Woolley harboured resentment towards Dean Russell, and went on to write an 11-paged typescript called, "The Experience of <mask>. <mask> in being employed in Teachers College, Columbia University, and in being dismissed from Teachers College."In May, Dean Russell replied to her claims by identifying multiple errors within her typescript which highlighted Woolley's impaired recollection. Woolley spent the next decade attempting to find work in academia but found no success due to few jobs being available during the Depression and even fewer available for women in academe. Emotional and cognitive difficulties

<mask>'s mental illness was a major factor that led to the end of her career and a lack of recognition on her accomplishments. <mask>'s mental breakdown could be dated back to 1927, when her husband, <mask>, divorced her. In addition to the divorce, several incidents happened around the same period which affected the basis of Woolley's life: the hysterectomy and appendectomy for the abdominal tumor, a year of commuting between Merrill-Palmer and Teacher's College, the new job at Teacher's College, the death of her friend, Bess Cleveland, and the separation from her daughters. Subsequently, Woolley took a year off work to recover from her breakdown. By February 1927, she was transferred to the Four Winds Sanitarium in Katonah, New York due to her severe depression and suicide attempt.<mask>'s doctor, Charles I. Lambert, described that <mask>'s illness progressed as a normal depression, with some opposite symptoms such as being overactive, over self-assertive and dominant. Lambert did not think that Woolley should continue her job as a teacher because she was emotionally unstable and lack of self-control, had memory impairment, and liked to do things on her own way. However, Woolley thought that she was fully recovered and resumed work in the fall of 1928. Unexpectedly, <mask> was being asked to resign from Teacher's College by Dean William Russell in February 1930 because of her poor teaching and incompetent administration, although she denied having any problem with her duties. After her resignation, she wrote to her old friend, James Angell, and asked for his help in finding a new job. Angell, however, thought that Woolley was not suitable to work due to her serious condition of mental disturbance. Woolley started writing argumentative letters regarding Dean William Russell's treatment to her in Teacher's College in May 1930.She even went further to write a lengthy typescript to express her anger and dissatisfaction towards Russell. However, the statement contained a lot of errors on the dates and false claims regarding her resignation, reflecting her impaired recollection. In January 1933, Adolf Meyer, a Johns Hopkins psychiatrist, reported that <mask> had an "obsession of vindication" in regard to her resignation in Teacher's College rather than having depression. According to <mask>'s daughter, Eleanor Faxon <mask>, Woolley was increasingly getting more paranoid, and further accused William Russell and Edna White of persuading the others not to assist her. Woolley's obsession continued to grow with her mental illness and could not be resolved. Woolley could not find a job after being dismissed from Teacher's College, which brought her to the end of her career. In Woolley's last years, she became dependent on her daughter, Eleanor.On December 24, 1947, <mask> died of an aortic aneurysm at the age of 73 at Eleanor's home in Harvertown, Pennsylvania. Publications

During the course of her career, <mask> wrote and published three books and around fifty articles. These published works ranged in topic, and although the vast majority of her works were psychology related, she did publish some philosophy and neurology related articles as a graduate student at the University of Chicago. A list of some of her more well-known published works, particularly those published early in her career, can be found below. <mask>, <mask> (1907). "Sensory affection and emotion". Psychological Review, 14 (5): 329–344.doi:10.1037/h0074333. ISSN 0033-295X. A review of Carl Stumpf's discussions on affective processes, who insists that sensory affections should be classified a specific class of sensations. Wooley discusses “(1) pain sensations and the pleasure sensations arising in the skin and vegetative organs; (2) the affective tone of higher senses, and (3) applications.” (<mask>, 1907)
 <mask>, <mask> (1910). "The development of right-handedness in a normal infant". Psychological Review, 17 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1037/h0074110.ISSN 0033-295X. <mask> conducted an empirical study on colour vision in a seven-month-old, normal infant. She provides evidence for the theory that identifies the speech centre and right-handedness in the left hemisphere being developed around the same time in an infant. <mask>, <mask> (1914). "The psychology of sex". Psychological Bulletin, 11 (10): 353–379. doi:10.1037/h0070064.ISSN 0033-2909. A literature review was conducted on 88 studies regarding the psychology of sex. Various aspects within the study of sex differences have been identified, including heredity, motor ability, memory, attention, and general intelligence, along with the impact of social influences. <mask>, <mask> (1915). "A new scale of mental and physical measurements for adolescents and some of its uses". Journal of Educational Psychology, 6 (9): 521–550. doi:10.1037/h0075644.ISSN 0022-0663. <mask> developed a scale that measures the mental and physical capabilities of adolescents, which was tested on 1430 students between the ages of 14–15. The scale is successful at comparing different groups and finding a relationship between manual and mental capabilities. References

American women psychologists
20th-century American women scientists
1874 births
1947 deaths
University of Chicago alumni
Writers from Chicago
Deaths from aortic aneurysm

masks:
Helen Bradford Thompson Woolley
Woolley
Paul Thompson
Woolley
Woolley
Paul Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Helen Bradford
Thompson
Woolley
Paul Thompson
Helen
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Paul Woolley
Woolley
Millie Thompson
Woolley
Helen Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Helen Woolley
Helen Woolley
Helen Woolley
Woolley
Helen Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Helen T
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Paul Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Woolley
Helen Thompson
Woolley
Woolley
Helen Thompson
Woolley
Woolley
Helen Thompson
Woolley
Helen Thompson
Woolley


texts:
<mask> (March 4, 1925 – September 1988) was an American R&B and doo wop singer of the 1950s and early 1960s. Early life
<mask> was born on March 4, 1925 in East St. Louis, Illinois. At some points in his life, he claimed to be related to comedian <mask>; although he called Mantan his uncle and the two men got along well, <mask>'s daughter says there was never any confirmation of an actual familial relationship. <mask> was a member of many vocal groups including The Dominoes, The Du Droppers, The Chanteclairs, The Cadets, The Crescendos, The Colts, The Fortunes, The Hollywood Flames, and possibly The Sevilles (the group that had a hit with "Charlena" in 1961). <mask> replaced Ted Taylor (who had left for a solo career) on The Cadets' "Stranded In The Jungle" session and was the one who came up with the "Great Googa Mooga! Lemme outta here!" line in the song.Aaron Collins of The Cadets said of <mask>'s line "I think he picked that up from Rochester (Anderson). <mask> knew Rochester pretty well." At the same session, he recorded a solo version of "Memories Of You," a song that had been done by The Ink Spots in 1939; it was released on RPM Records in 1957. He recorded along with Jackie Wilson, Milton Merle, and Cliff Givens in The Dominoes in 1955, later returning to the group a few more times. With the Crescendos, he recorded "Finders Keepers" and "Sweet Dreams" for Atlantic Records in 1956, alongside Bobby Relf of The Laurels, Young Jessie of The Flairs, and Bobby Byrd of The Hollywood Flames. He was asked by Buck Ram to join The Platters but <mask> refused because he had to take care of one of his daughters (Arlene Eunice <mask>)

Around the same time that <mask> recorded with The Chanteclairs on Dot Records in 1954 (as "<mask>"), there was a Dot recording called "You Gave Me Heartaches" by <mask>. It is possible that "<mask>" is actually <mask>.<mask>'s name is listed as "<mask>" for the recordings he did for Johnny Otis' Dig Records in 1956. One of the songs, "My Mother's Eyes" was previously sung in the 1929 film Lucky Boy by George Jessel. <mask> also sang two Ivory Joe Hunter songs, "I Almost Lost My Mind" and "I Need You So." In the '60s, <mask> was a member of several imposter and spin-off Ink Spots groups, including those fronted by Cliff Givens, George Holmes, and Orville Brooks. He was never a member of the original Ink Spots that recorded for Decca. According to singers Young Jessie and Bobby Nunn, The Coasters' big hit "Searchin'" from 1957 had originally been put together by <mask>, Bobby Day, Earl Nelson, and Young Jessie at Bobby Day's house about three years before it was recorded. Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller heard their song and wrote more lyrics to the song, adding references to movie detectives.<mask> worked in the clubs in Las Vegas, Nevada until he died in September 1988, a year after Ted Taylor (whom <mask> Goldberg's R&B Notebooks
 The Du Droppers at Marv Goldberg's R&B Notebooks
 The Jacks/The Cadets at Marv Goldberg's R&B Notebooks
 The Hollywood Flames at Marv Goldberg's R&B Notebooks

1925 births
1988 deaths
People from East St. Louis, Illinois
American rhythm and blues singers
RPM Records (United States) artists
Challenge Records artists
Groove Records artists
Dot Records artists
King Records artists
Modern Records artists
Atlantic Records artists
Decca Records artists
20th-century American singers
The Cadets (group) members
Musicians from Illinois

masks:
Prentice Moreland
Moreland
Mantan Moreland
Moreland
Career Moreland
Moreland
Moreland
Prentice
Moreland
Moreland
Moreland
Prentice Moore
Prentice Miller
Prentice Miller
Prentice Moreland
Moreland
Prince Moreland
Moreland
Moreland
Moreland
Moreland
Morelandv


texts:
<mask>tex () is a Thai Muay Thai fighter. Biography and career
<mask> was born July 24, 1974, in Chaiyaphum Province. He grew up in a poor farming family, he was introduced to Muay Thai by his grandfather with whom he would watch fights on the local television. He also did not do well in school. He told his parents he wanted to be a fighter and started fighting in the region from the age of 11. At 16 <mask> managed to join the Fairtex Gym in Bangkok through his uncle's connections. The first five months were rough as he didn't receive any training and kept doing various chores until the gym needed him as a last minute replacement.After the win on short notice <mask> gained respect of the trainers, most notably of Monlit Sitphodaeng. In 1991 <mask> was matched with Dokmaipa Por Pongsawang, at the time <mask>ipa received 200,000 baht. <mask>'s promoter, Mr. Philip Wong, wanted this fight to be his rise to stardom, he trained harder than ever and managed to win by decision at Lumpinee Stadium on July 7. His rise to stardom at Lumpinee Stadium was blazingly fast, becoming champion in less than 20 fights. He was known for his power, clinch and sweeps. <mask>'s most intense rivalry was against Sakmongkol Sithchuchok, they had 7 fights. Their fifth fight became known as the "Elbow Fight" and is considered as one of the most brutal in Muay Thai history.In 1998 <mask> moved to the United States to become a trainer at the Fairtex gym in San Francisco. He kept fighting in the United States in kickboxing, boxing and Muay Thai rules until 2005. Titles and accomplishments

Muay Thai
Lumpinee Stadium
 1992 Lumpinee Stadium (126 lbs) champion
 1993 Lumpinee Stadium fight of the year (vs Sakmongkol Sithchuchok)
 1994 Lumpinee Stadium (135 lbs) champion
World Muay Thai Council
 1992 W.M.T.C world champion
International Karate Kickboxing Council
 2004 IKKC world (147 lbs) champion
International Sport Karate Association
 2000 ISKA Muay Thai intercontinental (147 lbs) champion
 2005 ISKA Oriental rules world super welterweight champion
International Kickboxing Federation
 1998 IKF Muay Thai North American welterweight champion

Amateur boxing
 Thailand's “Kings Cup” silver medalist
 Thailand's “Army Cup” silver medalist

Fight record

|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2005-08-20 || Win ||align=left| Steve Berkelayko || New York's Best of the Best|| New York, USA || TKO (Corner Stoppage) || 3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2005-05-28 || Win ||align=left| Imro Main || Bad To The Bone || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (Ref Stop/Punch) || 3 || 1:15
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2005-02-05 || Win ||align=left| Marco Piqué || Muay Thai World Championships || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (Ref Stop/Punch) || 3 || 1:15
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2004-09-11 || Win ||align=left| Hisayuki Kanazawa || WCK World Championship Muay Thai 15th Anniversary Show || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (Knee)  ||3 ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2003-10-04 || Win ||align=left| Jason Fenton || New York's Best of the Best|| Sacramento, California, USA || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#c5d2ea"
| 2003-04-27 || No Contest ||align=left| Ruben Yanez || Ultimate Muay Thai Challenge || Fresno, California, USA || Referee Stoppage  || ||
|-
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2002-03-23 || Win ||align=left| Daniel Dawson || Master Toddy Show @ Stardust Casino || Las Vegas, NV, USA || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2000-11-04 || Win ||align=left| Danny Steele || Strikeforce || San Jose, USA || Decision (Split)  ||5 ||3:00
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 2000-05-13 || Win ||align=left| Morad Sari || ISKA Muay Thai || San Jose, California, USA || Decision (Majority)  ||5 ||3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| ? || Win ||align=left| Mark Brackenbury ||  || Las Vegas, Nevada, USA || TKO (Referee Stoppage) || 3 ||
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 1999 || Win ||align=left| Yuan Yubao||  || Hawaii || Decision || 3 || 3:00
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 1998-12-08 || Win ||align=left| Fernando Calleros || IKF || Sacramento, California, USA || Decision (Unanimous)  ||5 ||3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  bgcolor="#cfc"
| 1998-10-10 || Win ||align=left| Cecil Hagins ||  || United States || KO (Low kicks)  ||3||
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| ? style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 1995-01-09 || Loss ||align=left| Sakmongkol Sithchuchok || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || KO (Knee to the head)|| 4 ||
|-  style="background:#cfc"
| 1994-12-09|| Win ||align=left| Nuathoranee Thongracha || Lumpinee Stadium || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1994-|| Win  ||align=left| Chandet Sor Prantalay|| Lumpinee Stadium  || Bangkok, Thailand || Decision || 5 || 3:00
|-
!

masks:
Jongsanan Fair
Jongsanan
Jongsanan
Jongsanan
Jongsanan
Jongsananma
Jongsanan
Jongsanan
Jongsanan


texts:
José Luis Amezcua Muñoz (born September 28, 1968) is a Mexican luchador, or professional wrestler, trainer and promoter, best known by his ring name <mask>s. He is the son of <mask>, a successful and respected luchador during the 1960s and 1970s. He was a longtime mainstay of Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) throughout the 1990s and now owns and operates "Dantés Lucha Factory" in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. During his in-ring career he's won the CMLL World Heavyweight Championship, CMLL World Middleweight Championship, and the NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship. He also won the 1994 Copa de Oro tournament with El Dandy, the Copa de Arena México with Black Warrior and Shocker and the Second Generation Tag Team Tournament with Emilio Charles Jr.

Dantés was a part of the Los Capos ("The Bosses") stable alongside Cien Caras, Máscara Año 2000, and Universo 2000. He also worked for the World Wrestling Federation in 1998 and 1999 on their hispanic focused show Super Astros. His in-ring career ended in the mid-2000s, followed by him transitioning into a behind the scenes role of training and booking matches at Arena Coliseo and late founded his own wrestling promotion, Dantés' Lucha Factory in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.Personal life
José Luis Amezcua Muñoz was born on September 28, 1968 in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. He is the son of José Luis Amezcua Díaz, a professional wrestler known under the ring name Alfonso "Tanque" <mask>. His grandfather, Alfonso Amezcua, was also a professional wrestler, known as "Al Amezuca". José Amezcua's uncles, Alberto Muñoz, Virgilio Amezcua ("Septiembre Negro") and Índio Jerónimo were also professional wrestlers. José Amezcua younger brother, César Antonio Amezcua, would also become a wrestler later in life, known under the names <mask>, "All Star" and "Máscara Mágica"

Professional wrestling career
Amezuca trained for his professional wrestling career under his father, his uncle Alberto Muñoz, and renowned Lucha libre trainier Diablo Velazco. He made his debut on December 4, 1988, under the name "<mask> Dantés", adopting the same last name as his father used. Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (1989–2006)
Through his fathers connections Dantés began working regularly for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) in 1989.On July 25, 1992, <mask> became the NWA World Light Heavyweight Champion when he defeated El Satánico. <mask> held the prestigious title for 243 days until Jaque Mate defeated him for it. On September 11, 1994, Dantés won the CMLL World Middleweight Championship by defeating Javier Llanes, but lost the belt 77 days later to Satánico. He defeated Silver King to win the CMLL World Heavyweight Championship on June 23, 1995. During his reign as Heavyweight Champion <mask> successfully defended it against both Corazon de Leon and Vampiro. Dantés lost the title to Rayo de Jalisco Jr. on April 14, 1996. Los Capos (1996–2005)

In mid-1996 Cien Caras, Máscara Año 2000 and Universo 2000 returned to CMLL after working elsewhere for four years.The trio began teaming with <mask> Dantés to form a group called Los Capos ("The Bosses"), a Rudo (bad guy) group that was heavily featured in CMLL's heavyweight division. Dantés competed in the 1997 CMLL International Gran Prix but was defeated in the semi-final by eventual tournament winner Steel. A year later he made it all the way to the finals of the 1998 version of the Gran Prix but lost to Rayo de Jalisco Jr. In 2003 <mask> Dantés last in-ring highlight saw him earn a match for the CMLL World Heavyweight Champion Mr. Niebla but was defeated in three falls. World Wrestling Federation (1998–1999)
Starting in late 1998, CMLL began working with the United States-based World Wrestling Federation (WWF) to allow several of CMLL's workers to appear on WWF's weekly Spanish language, Latino focused WWF Super Astros show. For approximately 10 months, Dantés worked several Super Astros shows, wrestling against CMLL luchadors, Puerto Ricans and Japanese wrestlers. In his first match, which was taped on November 16, 1998, Dantés defeated El Merenguero.His last Super Astros match took place on May 25, 1999 where he defeated Funaki. In his last match for the WWF, he, Pantera, and Papi Chulo lost to Los Boricuas (El Merenguero, José Estrada Jr., and Miguel Pérez Jr.) in match that took place before WWF's Shotgun Saturday Night show. Semi-retirement and booker (2006–current)
By the middle-2000s <mask> Dantés was more active as a wrestling trainer and match-maker at CMLL's Arena Coliseo in his native Guadalajara, Jalisco. For the next couple of years he booked matches for the weekly shows, as well as training various trainees for CMLL. In mid-2009 <mask> was fired from his position at Arena Coliseo and replaced by Rubén Soria. Following his dismissal from Arena Coliseo Dantés formed his own wrestling school and promotion called "Dantés' Lucha Factory", based in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Apolo Dantés owned and operated the Dantés Lucha Factory from 2009 until 2011, at which point his brother César took ownership the company, as <mask> replaced Soria to become the CMLL Guadalajara booker once more when Soria retired.By 2015 Dantés was once again replaced as the booker for CMLL. Since Dantés began working more behind the scenes he has only wrestled on a very limited schedule, with records of one match in 2010, 2011, and 2017. Other media
Amezcua was one of several wrestlers interviewed for the documentary "50", chronicling the first 50  years of Arena Coliseo in Guadalajara, Jalisco. Championships and accomplishments
Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre
Copa de Arena México: 2001 – with Black Warrior and Shocker
Copa de Oro 1994 – with El Dandy
CMLL World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
CMLL World Middleweight Championship (1 time)
Second Generation Tag Team Tournament – with Emilio Charles Jr.
NWA World Light Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him 169 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1999

Luchas de Apuestas record

Notes

References

1968 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Professional wrestling promoters
Professional wrestling trainers
Professional wrestlers from Jalisco
Sportspeople from Guadalajara, Jalisco

masks:
Apolo Danté
Alfonso Dantés
Dantés
César Dantés
Apolo
Dantés
Dantés
Dantés
Apolo
Apolo
Apolo
Dantés
Apolo