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 attacked Missolonghi on 3 April 1824 with some 150 men supported by the Souliotes as he was unhappy with Mavrokordatos's leadership, leading to a brief bout of inter-Greek fighting before Karaiskakis was chased away by 6 April. <mask> adopted a nine-year-old Turkish Muslim girl called Hato whose parents had been killed by the Greeks. He ultimately sent her to safety in Kefalonia, knowing well that religious hatred between the Orthodox Greeks and Muslim Turks was running high and that any Muslim in Greece, even a child, was in serious danger. Until 1934, most Turks did not have surnames, so Hato's lack of a surname was quite typical for a Turkish family at this time. During this time, <mask> pursued his Greek page, Lukas Chalandritsanos, with whom he had fallen madly in love, but the affections went unrequited. <mask> was infatuated with the teenage Chalandritsanos, whom he spoiled outrageously, spending some £600 (the equivalent to about £24,600 in today's money) to cater to his every whim over the course of six months and writing his last poems about his passion for the Greek boy, but Chalandritsanos was only interested in <mask>'s money.When the famous Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen heard about <mask>'s heroics in Greece, he voluntarily resculpted his earlier bust of <mask> in Greek marble. Death

Mavrokordatos and <mask> planned to attack the Turkish-held fortress of Lepanto, at the mouth of the Gulf of Corinth. <mask> employed a fire-master to prepare artillery, and he took part of the rebel army under his own command, despite his lack of military experience. Before the expedition could sail, on 15 February 1824, he fell ill, and bloodletting weakened him further. He made a partial recovery, but in early April he caught a violent cold, which therapeutic bleeding, insisted on by his doctors, aggravated. He contracted a violent fever and died in Missolonghi on 19 April. His physician at the time, Julius van Millingen, son of Dutch–English archaeologist James Millingen, was unable to prevent his death.It has been said that if <mask> had lived and had gone on to defeat the Ottomans, he might have been declared King of Greece. However, modern scholars have found such an outcome unlikely. The British historian David Brewer wrote that in one sense, <mask> was a failure in Greece as he failed to persuade the rival Greek factions to unite, won no victories and was successful only in the humanitarian sphere, using his great wealth to help the victims of the war, Muslim and Christian, but this did not affect the outcome of the Greek war of independence at all. Brewer went on to argue, In another sense, though, <mask> achieved everything he could have wished. His presence in Greece, and in particular his death there, drew to the Greek cause not just the attention of sympathetic nations, but their increasing active participation ... Despite the critics, <mask> is primarily remembered with admiration as a poet of genius, with something approaching veneration as a symbol of high ideals, and with great affection as a man: for his courage and his ironic slant on life, for his generosity to the grandest of causes and to the humblest of individuals, for the constant interplay of judgment and sympathy. In Greece he is still revered as no other foreigner, and as very few Greeks are, and like a Homeric hero he is accorded an honorific standard epithet, megalos kai kalos, a great and good man.Post mortem

Alfred Tennyson would later recall the shocked reaction in Britain when word was received of <mask>'s death. The Greeks mourned Lord <mask> deeply, and he became a hero. The national poet of Greece, Dionysios Solomos, wrote a poem about the unexpected loss, named To the Death of Lord <mask>. Βύρων, the Greek form of "<mask>", continues in popularity as a masculine name in Greece, and a suburb of Athens is called Vyronas in his honour. <mask>'s body was embalmed, but the Greeks wanted some part of their hero to stay with them. According to some sources, his heart remained at Missolonghi. His other remains were sent to England (accompanied by his faithful manservant, "Tita") for burial in Westminster Abbey, but the Abbey refused for reason of "questionable morality".Huge crowds viewed his coffin as he lay in state for two days at number 25 Great George Street, Westminster. He is buried at the Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire. A marble slab given by the King of Greece is laid directly above <mask>'s grave. His daughter Ada Lovelace was later buried beside him. <mask>'s friends raised the sum of £1,000 to commission a statue of the writer; Thorvaldsen offered to sculpt it for that amount. However, for ten years after the statue was completed in 1834, most British institutions turned it down, and it remained in storage. The statue was refused by the British Museum, St. Paul's Cathedral, Westminster Abbey and the National Gallery before Trinity College, Cambridge, finally placed the statue of <mask> in its library.In 1969, 145 years after <mask>'s death, a memorial to him was finally placed in Westminster Abbey. The memorial had been lobbied for since 1907: The New York Times wrote, "People are beginning to ask whether this ignoring of <mask> is not a thing of which England should be ashamed ... a bust or a tablet might be put in the Poets' Corner and England be relieved of ingratitude toward one of her really great sons." Robert Ripley had drawn a picture of Boatswain's grave with the caption "Lord <mask>'s dog has a magnificent tomb while Lord <mask> himself has none". This came as a shock to the English, particularly schoolchildren, who, Ripley said, raised funds of their own accord to provide the poet with a suitable memorial. Close to the centre of Athens, Greece, outside the National Garden, is a statue depicting Greece in the form of a woman crowning <mask>. The statue is by the French sculptors Henri-Michel Chapu and Alexandre Falguière. Since 2008, the anniversary of <mask>'s death, 19 April, has been honoured in Greece as "Byron Day".Upon his death, the barony passed to <mask>'s cousin George Anson <mask>, a career naval officer. Personal life

Relationships and scandals

<mask> described his first intense feelings at age seven for his distant cousin Mary Duff:

My mother used always to rally me about this childish amour, and at last, many years after, when I was sixteen, she told me one day, 'O <mask>, I have had a letter from Edinburgh, and your old sweetheart, Mary Duff, is married to Mr. C***.' And what was my answer? I really cannot explain or account for my feelings at that moment, but they nearly threw me into convulsions... How the deuce did all this occur so early? Where could it originate? I certainly had no sexual ideas for years afterwards; and yet my misery, my love for that girl were so violent, that I sometimes doubt if I have ever been really attached since.Be that as it may, hearing of her marriage several years after was like a thunder-stroke – it nearly choked me – to the horror of my mother and the astonishment and almost incredulity of every body. And it is a phenomenon in my existence (for I was not eight years old) which has puzzled, and will puzzle me to the latest hour of it; and lately, I know not why, the recollection (not the attachment) has recurred as forcibly as ever...But, the more I reflect, the more I am bewildered to assign any cause for this precocity of affection. <mask> also became attached to Margaret Parker, another distant cousin. While his recollection of his love for Mary Duff is that he was ignorant of adult sexuality during this time and was bewildered as to the source of the intensity of his feelings, he would later confess that:

My passions were developed very early – so early, that few would believe me – if I were to state the period – and the facts which accompanied it. Perhaps this was one of the reasons that caused the anticipated melancholy of my thoughts – having anticipated life. This is the only reference <mask> himself makes to the event, and he is ambiguous as to how old he was when it occurred. After his death, his lawyer wrote to a mutual friend telling him a "singular fact" about <mask>'s life which was "scarcely fit for narration".But he disclosed it nonetheless, thinking it might explain <mask>'s sexual "propensities":

When nine years old at his mother's house a Free Scotch girl [May, sometimes called Mary, Gray, one of his first caretakers] used to come to bed to him and play tricks with his person. Gray later used this knowledge as a means of ensuring his silence if he were to be tempted to disclose the "low company" she kept during drinking binges. She was later dismissed, supposedly for beating <mask> when he was 11. A few years later, while he was still a child, Lord Grey De Ruthyn (unrelated to May Gray), a suitor of his mother's, also made sexual advances on him. <mask>'s personality has been characterised as exceptionally proud and sensitive, especially when it came to his deformity. His extreme reaction to seeing his mother flirting outrageously with Lord Grey De Ruthyn after the incident suggests this: he did not tell her of Grey's conduct toward him; he simply refused to speak to him again and ignored his mother's commands to be reconciled. Leslie A. Marchand, one of <mask>'s biographers, theorises that Lord Grey De Ruthyn's advances prompted <mask>'s later sexual liaisons with young men at Harrow and Cambridge.Scholars acknowledge a more or less important bisexual component in <mask>'s very complex sentimental and sexual life. Bernhard Jackson asserts that "<mask>'s sexual orientation has long been a difficult, not to say contentious, topic, and anyone who seeks to discuss it must to some degree speculate, since the evidence is nebulous, contradictory and scanty... it is not so simple to define <mask> as homosexual or heterosexual: he seems rather to have been both, and either." Crompton states: "What was not understood in <mask>'s own century (except by a tiny circle of his associates) was that <mask> was bisexual". Another biographer, Fiona MacCarthy, has posited that <mask>'s true sexual yearnings were for adolescent males. <mask> used a code by which he communicated his homosexual Greek adventures to John Hobhouse in England: Bernhard Jackson recalls that "<mask>'s early code for sex with a boy" was "Plen(um). and optabil(em). -Coit(um)" Bullough summarises:

In 1812, <mask> embarked on a well-publicised affair with the married Lady Caroline Lamb that shocked the British public.She had spurned the attention of the poet on their first meeting, subsequently giving <mask> what became his lasting epitaph when she famously described him as "mad, bad and dangerous to know". This did not prevent her from pursuing him. <mask> eventually broke off the relationship and moved swiftly on to others (such as that with Lady Oxford), but Lamb never entirely recovered, pursuing him even after he tired of her. She was emotionally disturbed and lost so much weight that <mask> sarcastically commented to her mother-in-law, his friend Lady Melbourne, that he was "haunted by a skeleton". She began to call on him at home, sometimes dressed in disguise as a pageboy, at a time when such an act could ruin both of them socially. Once, during such a visit, she wrote on a book at his desk, "Remember me!" As a retort, <mask> wrote a poem entitled Remember Thee!Remember Thee! which concludes with the line "Thou false to him, thou fiend to me". As a child, <mask> had seen little of his half-sister Augusta Leigh; in adulthood, he formed a close relationship with her that has been interpreted by some as incestuous, and by others as innocent. Augusta (who was married) gave birth on 15 April 1814 to her third daughter, Elizabeth Medora Leigh, rumoured by some to be <mask>'s. Eventually <mask> began to court Lady Caroline's cousin Anne Isabella Milbanke ("Annabella"), who refused his first proposal of marriage but later accepted him. Milbanke was a highly moral woman, intelligent and mathematically gifted; she was also an heiress. They married at Seaham Hall, County Durham, on 2 January 1815.The marriage proved unhappy. They had a daughter, Augusta Ada. On 16 January 1816, Lady <mask> left him, taking Ada with her. That same year (21 April), <mask> signed the Deed of Separation. Rumours of marital violence, adultery with actresses, incest with Augusta Leigh, and sodomy were circulated, assisted by a jealous Lady Caroline. In a letter, Augusta quoted him as saying: "Even to have such a thing said is utter destruction and ruin to a man from which he can never recover." That same year Lady Caroline published her popular novel Glenarvon, in which <mask> was portrayed as the seedy title character.Children

<mask> wrote a letter to John Hanson from Newstead Abbey, dated 17 January 1809, that includes "You will discharge my Cook, & Laundry Maid, the other two I shall retain to take care of the house, more especially as the youngest is pregnant (I need not tell you by whom) and I cannot have the girl on the parish." His reference to "The youngest" is understood to have been to a maid, Lucy, and the parenthesised remark to indicate himself as siring a son born that year. In 2010 part of a baptismal record was uncovered which apparently said: "September 24 George illegitimate son of Lucy Monk, illegitimate son of Baron <mask>, of Newstead, Nottingham, Newstead Abbey." Augusta Leigh's child, Elizabeth Medora Leigh, born 1814, was very likely fathered by <mask>, who was Augusta's half-brother. <mask> had a child, The Hon. Augusta Ada <mask> ("Ada", later Countess of Lovelace), in 1815, by his wife Annabella <mask>, Lady <mask> (née Anne Isabella Milbanke, or "Annabella"), later Lady Wentworth. Ada Lovelace, notable in her own right, collaborated with Charles Babbage on the analytical engine, a predecessor to modern computers.She is recognised as one of the world's first computer programmers. He also had an extramarital child in 1817, Clara Allegra <mask>, with Claire Clairmont, stepsister of Mary Shelley and stepdaughter of William Godwin, writer of Political Justice and Caleb Williams. Allegra is not entitled to the style "The Hon." as is usually given to the daughter of barons, since she was born outside of his marriage. Born in Bath in 1817, Allegra lived with <mask> for a few months in Venice; he refused to allow an Englishwoman caring for the girl to adopt her and objected to her being raised in the Shelleys' household. He wished for her to be brought up Catholic and not marry an Englishman, and he made arrangements for her to inherit 5,000 lira upon marriage or when she reached the age of 21, provided she did not marry a native of Britain. However, the girl died aged five of a fever in Bagnacavallo, Italy, while <mask> was in Pisa; he was deeply upset by the news.He had Allegra's body sent back to England to be buried at his old school, Harrow, because Protestants could not be buried in consecrated ground in Catholic countries. At one time he himself had wanted to be buried at Harrow. <mask> was antagonistic towards Allegra's mother, Claire Clairmont, and prevented her from seeing the child. Sea and swimming
<mask> enjoyed adventure, especially relating to the sea. The first recorded notable example of open water swimming took place on 3 May 1810 when <mask> swam from Europe to Asia across the

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 Hellespont Strait. This is often seen as the birth of the sport and pastime, and to commemorate it, the event is recreated every year as an open water swimming event. Whilst sailing from Genoa to Cephalonia in 1823, every day at noon, <mask> and Trelawny, in calm weather, jumped overboard for a swim without fear of sharks, which were not unknown in those waters.Once, according to Trelawny, they let the geese and ducks loose and followed them and the dogs into the water, each with an arm in the ship Captain’s new scarlet waistcoat, to the annoyance of the Captain and the amusement of the crew. Fondness for animals

<mask> had a great love of animals, most notably for a Newfoundland dog named Boatswain. When the animal contracted rabies, <mask> nursed him, albeit unsuccessfully, without any thought or fear of becoming bitten and infected. Although deep in debt at the time, <mask> commissioned an impressive marble funerary monument for Boatswain at Newstead Abbey, larger than his own, and the only building work which he ever carried out on his estate. In his 1811 will, <mask> requested that he be buried with him. The 26‐line poem "Epitaph to a Dog" has become one of his best-known works, but a draft of an 1830 letter by Hobhouse shows him to be the author, and that <mask> decided to use Hobhouse's lengthy epitaph instead of his own, which read: "To mark a friend's remains these stones arise/I never knew but one – and here he lies." <mask> also kept a tame bear while he was a student at Trinity, out of resentment for rules forbidding pet dogs like his beloved Boatswain.There being no mention of bears in their statutes, the college authorities had no legal basis for complaining: <mask> even suggested that he would apply for a college fellowship for the bear. During his lifetime, in addition to numerous cats, dogs, and horses, <mask> kept a fox, monkeys, an eagle, a crow, a falcon, peacocks, guinea hens, an Egyptian crane, a badger, geese, a heron, and a goat. Except for the horses, they all resided indoors at his homes in England, Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. Health and appearance

Character and psyche
I am such a strange mélange of good and evil that it would be difficult to describe me. As a boy, <mask>'s character is described as a "mixture of affectionate sweetness and playfulness, by which it was impossible not to be attached", although he also exhibited "silent rages, moody sullenness and revenge" with a precocious bent for attachment and obsession. Deformed foot
From birth, <mask>deus by Alain-René Lesage in his 1707 novel of the same name). Although he often wore specially-made shoes in an attempt to hide the deformed foot, he refused to wear any type of brace that might improve the limp. Scottish novelist John Galt felt his oversensitivity to the "innocent fault in his foot was unmanly and excessive" because the limp was "not greatly conspicuous". He first met <mask> on a voyage to Sardinia and did not realise he had any deficiency for several days, and still could not tell at first if the lameness was a temporary injury or not. At the time Galt met him he was an adult and had worked to develop "a mode of walking across a room by which it was scarcely at all perceptible". The motion of the ship at sea may also have helped to create a favourable first impression and hide any deficiencies in his gait, but Galt's biography is also described as being "rather well-meant than well-written", so Galt may be guilty of minimising a defect that was actually still noticeable.Physical appearance

<mask>'s adult height was , his weight fluctuating between  and . He was renowned for his personal beauty, which he enhanced by wearing curl-papers in his hair at night. He was athletic, being a competent boxer and horse-rider and an excellent swimmer. He attended pugilistic tuition at the Bond Street rooms of former prizefighting champion 'Gentleman' John Jackson, whom <mask> called 'the Emperor of Pugilism', and recorded these sparring sessions in his letters and journals. <mask> and other writers, such as his friend Hobhouse, described his eating habits in detail. At the time he entered Cambridge, he went on a strict diet to control his weight. He also exercised a great deal, and at that time wore a great many clothes to cause himself to perspire.For most of his life he was a vegetarian and often lived for days on dry biscuits and white wine. Occasionally he would eat large helpings of meat and desserts, after which he would purge himself. Although he is described by Galt and others as having a predilection for "violent" exercise, Hobhouse suggests that the pain in his deformed foot made physical activity difficult and that his weight problem was the result. Trelawny, who observed <mask>'s eating habits, noted that he lived on a diet of biscuits and soda water for days at a time and then would eat a "horrid mess of cold potatoes, rice, fish, or greens, deluged in vinegar, and gobble it up like a famished dog". Political career
<mask> first took his seat in the House of Lords on 13 March 1809 but left London on 11 June 1809 for the Continent. <mask>'s association with the Holland House Whigs provided him with a discourse of liberty rooted in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. A strong advocate of social reform, he received particular praise as one of the few Parliamentary defenders of the Luddites: specifically, he was against a death penalty for Luddite "frame breakers" in Nottinghamshire, who destroyed textile machines that were putting them out of work.His first speech before the Lords, on 27 February 1812, was loaded with sarcastic references to the "benefits" of automation, which he saw as producing inferior material as well as putting people out of work, and concluded the proposed law was only missing two things to be effective: "Twelve Butchers for a Jury and a Jeffries for a Judge!". <mask>'s speech was officially recorded and printed in Hansard. He said later that he "spoke very violent sentences with a sort of modest impudence" and thought he came across as "a bit theatrical". The full text of the speech, which he had previously written out, was presented to Dallas in manuscript form and he quotes it in his work. Two months later, in conjunction with the other Whigs, <mask> made another impassioned speech before the House of Lords in support of Catholic emancipation. <mask> expressed opposition to the established religion because it was unfair to people of other faiths. These experiences inspired <mask> to write political poems such as Song for the Luddites (1816) and The Landlords' Interest, Canto XIV of The Age of Bronze.Examples of poems in which he attacked his political opponents include Wellington: The Best of the Cut-Throats (1819) and The Intellectual Eunuch Castlereagh (1818). Poetic works
<mask> wrote prolifically. In 1832 his publisher, John Murray, released the complete works in 14 duodecimo volumes, including a life by Thomas Moore. Subsequent editions were released in 17 volumes, first published a year later, in 1833. An extensive collection of his works, including early editions and annotated manuscripts, is held within the John Murray Archive at the National Library of Scotland in Edinburgh. Don Juan

<mask>'s magnum opus, Don Juan, a poem spanning 17 cantos, ranks as one of the most important long poems published in England since John Milton's Paradise Lost. <mask> published the first two cantos anonymously in 1819 after disputes with his regular publisher over the shocking nature of the poetry.By this time, he had been a famous poet for seven years, and when he self-published the beginning cantos, they were well received in some quarters. The poem was then released volume by volume through his regular publishing house. By 1822, cautious acceptance by the public had turned to outrage, and <mask>'s publisher refused to continue to publish the work. In Canto III of Don Juan, <mask> expresses his detestation for poets such as William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In letters to Francis Hodgson, <mask> referred to Wordsworth as "Turdsworth". Irish Avatar

<mask> wrote the satirical pamphlet Irish Avatar after the royal visit by King George IV to Ireland. <mask> criticised the attitudes displayed by the Irish people towards the Crown, an institution he perceived as oppressing them, and was dismayed by the positive reception George IV received during his visit.In the pamphlet, <mask> lambasted Irish unionists and voiced muted support towards nationalistic sentiments in Ireland. Parthenon marbles

<mask> was a bitter opponent of Lord Elgin's removal of the Parthenon marbles from Athens and "reacted with fury" when Elgin's agent gave him a tour of the Parthenon, during which he saw the spaces left by the missing friezes and metopes. He denounced Elgin's actions in his poem The Curse of Minerva and in Canto II (stanzas XI–XV) of Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. Legacy and influence

<mask> is considered to be the first modern-style celebrity. His image as the personification of the Byronic hero fascinated the public, and his wife Annabella coined the term "Byromania" to refer to the commotion surrounding him. His self-awareness and personal promotion are seen as a beginning to what would become the modern rock star; he would instruct artists painting portraits of him not to paint him with pen or book in hand, but as a "man of action." While <mask> first welcomed fame, he later turned from it by going into voluntary exile from Britain.Biographies were distorted by the burning of <mask>'s memoir in the offices of his publisher, John Murray, a month after his death and the suppression of details of <mask>'s bisexuality by subsequent heads of the firm (which held the richest <mask> archive). As late as the 1950s, scholar Leslie Marchand was expressly forbidden by the Murray company to reveal details of <mask>'s same-sex passions. The re-founding of the Byron Society in 1971 reflected the fascination that many people had with <mask> and his work. This society became very active, publishing an annual journal. Thirty-six Byron Societies function throughout the world, and an International Conference takes place annually. <mask> exercised a marked influence on Continental literature and art, and his reputation as a poet is higher in many European countries than in Britain, or America, although not as high as in his time, when he was widely thought to be the greatest poet in the world. <mask>'s writings also inspired many composers.Over forty operas have been based on his works, in addition to three operas about <mask> himself (including Virgil Thomson's <mask>). His poetry was set to music by many Romantic composers, including Beethoven, Schubert, Rossini, Mendelssohn, Schumann and Carl Loewe. Among his greatest admirers was Hector Berlioz, whose operas and Mémoires reveal <mask>'s influence. Byronic hero
The figure of the Byronic hero pervades much of his work, and <mask> himself is considered to epitomise many of the characteristics of this literary figure. The use of a Byronic hero by many authors and artists of the Romantic movement show <mask>'s influence during the 19th century and beyond, including the Brontë sisters. His philosophy was more durably influential in continental Europe than in England; Friedrich Nietzsche admired him, and the Byronic hero was echoed in Nietzsche's Übermensch, or superman. The Byronic hero presents an idealised, but flawed character whose attributes include: great talent; great passion; a distaste for society and social institutions; a lack of respect for rank and privilege (although possessing both); being thwarted in love by social constraint or death; rebellion; exile; an unsavory secret past; arrogance; overconfidence or lack of foresight; and, ultimately, a self-destructive manner.These types of characters have since become ubiquitous in literature and politics. 1 (1830)
 Letters and journals, vol. 2 (1830)

Selected shorter lyric poems

 Maid of Athens, ere we part (1810) (text on Wikisource)
 And thou art dead (1812) (text on Wikisource)
 She Walks in Beauty (1814) (text on Wikisource)
 My Soul is Dark (1815) (text on Wikisource)
 The Destruction of Sennacherib (1815) (text on Wikisource)
 Monody on the Death of the Right Hon. R. B. Sheridan (1816) (text on Wikisource)
 Fare Thee Well (1816) (text on Wikisource)
 So, we'll go no more a roving (1817) (text on Wikisource)
 When We Two Parted (1817) (text on Wikisource)
 Ode on Venice (1819) (text on Wikisource)
 Stanzas (1819)
 Don Leon (not by <mask>, but attributed to him; 1830s)

See also

 Early life of <mask>
 Timeline of <mask>
 19th century in poetry
 Bridge of Sighs, a Venice landmark <mask> denominated
 Asteroid 3306 Byron

References

Bibliography

 (Chapter one online at The New York Times)

 Volume 1 of Poetic drama & poetic theory in "Salzburg studies in English literature"

Attribution

Further reading
 Accardo, Peter X. Let Satire Be My Song: <mask>’s English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. Web exhibit, Houghton Library, Harvard University, 2011. Calder, Angus (1984), <mask> and Scotland, in Hearn, Sheila G.(ed. ), Cencrastus No. 15, New Year 1984, pp. 21 - 24,
 Calder, Angus (ed.) (1989), <mask> and Scotland: Radical or Dandy?, Edinburgh University Press,
 Drucker, Peter. 'Byron and Ottoman love: Orientalism, Europeanization and same sex sexualities in the early nineteenth-century Levant' (Journal of European Studies vol. 42 no.2, June 2012, 140–57). Garrett, Martin: George Gordon, <mask>. (British Library Writers' Lives). London: British Library, 2000. .
 Garrett, Martin. Palgrave Literary Dictionary of Byron. Palgrave, 2010. .
 Guiccioli, Teresa, contessa di, <mask>'s Life in Italy, transl. Michael Rees, ed.Peter Cochran, 2005, . Grosskurth, Phyllis: <mask>: The Flawed Angel. Hodder, 1997. .
 Marchand, Leslie A., editor, <mask>'s Letters and Journals, Harvard University Press:
 Volume I, 'In my hot youth', 1798–1810, (1973)
 Volume II, 'Famous in my time', 1810–1812, (1973)
 Volume III, 'Alas! the love of women', 1813–1814, (1974)
 Volume IV, 'Wedlock's the devil', 1814–1815, (1975)
 Volume V, 'So late into the night', 1816–1817, (1976)
 Volume VI, 'The flesh is frail', 1818–1819, (1976)
 Volume VII, 'Between two worlds', 1820, (1978)
 Volume VIII, 'Born for opposition', 1821, (1978)
 Volume IX, 'In the wind's eye', 1821–1822, (1978)
 Volume X, 'A heart for every fate', 1822–1823, (1980)
 Volume XI, 'For freedom's battle', 1823–1824, (1981)
 Volume XII, 'The trouble of an index', index, (1982)
 <mask>: Selected Letters and Journals, (1982)
 McGann, Jerome: <mask> and Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. .
 Oueijan, Naji B. A Compendium of Eastern Elements in <mask>'s Oriental Tales. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1999.Patanè, Vincenzo: L'estate di un ghiro. Il mito di <mask> attraverso la vita, i viaggi, gli amori e le opere. Venezia, Cicero, 2013. .
 Patanè, Vincenzo: I frutti acerbi. <mask>, gli amori & il sesso. Venezia, Cicero, 2016. .
 Patanè, Vincenzo: The Sour Fruit. <mask>, Love & Sex. Lanham (MD), Rowman & Littlefield, copublished by John Cabot University Press, Rome, 2019. .
 Rosen, Fred: Bentham, <mask> and Greece.Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1992. .
 Thiollet, Jean-Pierre: Carré d'Art: Barbey d'Aurevilly, lord <mask>, Salvador Dalí, Jean-Edern Hallier, with texts by Anne-Élisabeth Blateau and , Anagramme

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<mask> (; born 2 July 1976) is a Czech former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Nashville Predators, after he was originally drafted by the Montreal Habs in the ninth round, 226th overall, in the 1994 NHL Entry Draft. Playing career

Early career (1994–1998)
<mask> was drafted by the Montreal Canadiens in the ninth round of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft, 226th overall. He remained in the Czech Republic for another year, playing with Poldi Kladno. <mask> moved to North America for the 1995–96 season and played for the Wheeling Thunderbirds of the ECHL. He was called up to the Fredericton Canadiens of the American Hockey League (AHL) and played one playoff game. Having proven himself in the ECHL, <mask> spent the 1996–97 season in Fredericton and played in his only game for Montreal; it was not a stellar debut, however, as he allowed four goals in only 20 minutes of play against the Philadelphia Flyers.Nashville Predators (1998–2007)
After another season with the Fredericton Canadiens, <mask> was chosen by the Nashville Predators in the 1998 NHL Expansion Draft on 26 June 1998. <mask> played 37 games for Nashville in their debut season and played nine games for the Milwaukee Admirals in the International Hockey League (IHL). Although he again split time between the two clubs the following season, by 2000, <mask> established himself in the NHL, though he initially only saw limited action as the back-up to starter Mike Dunham. In 2002, Dunham was traded to the New York Rangers for Marek Židlický, <mask> Klouček and Rem Murray, effectively awarding <mask> the starting job. <mask>'s play was solid enough in 2003–04 to send him to the All-Star Game for the first time, and his goaltending was a major factor in the Predators' first-ever playoff berth that season. The team lost in six games to the Detroit Red Wings in the first round. In game 4 of that series, played in Nashville, Vokoun earned the first-ever playoff shutout in franchise history, stopping 41 Red Wing shots.During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, <mask> played 19 regular season games for HIFK in the Finnish SM-liiga, posting a .940 save percentage. In the playoffs, <mask> did not perform as well, posting an .846 save percentage in four games, the worst in the league in that year's playoffs. On 10 April 2006, the Predators announced Vokoun was afflicted by thrombophlebitis of the pelvis, a blood-clotting condition. He missed the team's remaining regular season games and the entire playoffs while he recovered by taking blood-thinning drugs and avoiding physical activity. Back-up goaltender Chris Mason took his place as the starter, but the Predators failed to advance in the playoffs, again losing in the quarter-finals. On 24 July 2006, <mask> was cleared to resume his career and returned for the 2006–07 NHL season. However, at the beginning of the season, Vokoun injured his thumb during a game and was required to have surgery.Pins were put in this thumb, and he played with the pins and a brace on his thumb. Florida Panthers (2007–2011)

On the day of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was traded to the Florida Panthers in exchange for a first-round selection in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft, a second-round selection in the 2007 draft (58th overall) and a conditional second-round selection in either 2007 or 2008. <mask>'s nine-year tenure in Nashville had him setting many of the Predators' goaltending records, all of which were overtaken by Pekka Rinne in the following decade. <mask> was selected to play for the Eastern Conference team in the 2008 NHL All Star Game in Atlanta. During the 2008–09 NHL season, <mask> recorded 26 wins for the Panthers as they battled for their first playoff berth since 2000. Although they ultimately fell short, the Panthers' being in position to qualify was due in large part to the goaltending of Vokoun and fellow goaltender Craig Anderson. Vokoun was injured by teammate Keith Ballard in a game on 30 November 2009, when Ballard hit Vokoun with an errant stick in the head.<mask> was carried off the ice on a stretcher and was treated at a nearby hospital for an ear laceration. Vokoun had just given up a goal to Ilya Kovalchuk of the Atlanta Thrashers and Ballard went to break his stick on the goal post in frustration, but caught Vokoun instead. Washington and Pittsburgh (2011–2014)

<mask> signed a one-year contract with the Washington Capitals on 2 July 2011 worth $1.5 million. <mask> had a rough 2011–12 NHL season with the Capitals, as it was plagued by injury and inconsistent performance. With Washington resorting to youngster Braden Holtby as their starting goaltender, <mask> was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins on 4 June 2012 in exchange for a seventh-round pick in the 2012 NHL Entry Draft. The following day, <mask> signed to a two-year, $4 million contract. Since his customary sweater number 29 was being worn by Marc-André Fleury, <mask> opted to wear number 92 with the Penguins; he became the first goaltender since Daren Puppa to wear a sweater number from 90 to 98.On 30 March 2013, <mask> set a personal best and Pittsburgh Penguins individual franchise record shutout streak of 187:30. He had two consecutive shutouts (on 28 March against the Winnipeg Jets and on 30 March against the New York Islanders) and a combined shutout with Marc-André Fleury on 26 March against the Montreal Canadiens. <mask> played the third period to complete the shutout after Fleury was injured at the end of the second period. On 9 May 2013, <mask> made his first playoff start in six seasons, a 31-save shutout against the New York Islanders in Game 5 of the Eastern Conference Quarter-finals. <mask> was sidelined indefinitely after undergoing surgery to dissolve another blood clot in his pelvis during the 2013 pre-season. On 21 January 2014, it was reported <mask> would begin skating in practice again, with no timetable as to his possible return. On 15 December 2014, <mask> announced his retirement.International play

<mask> has represented the Czech Republic many times over the course of his playing career. His first international experience came with the under-20 team at the 1996 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where the Czechs finished in fourth place. His first senior experience came at the 2003 IIHF World Championship, where the Czechs again finished in fourth place. Overall, he has played for the Czechs at four IIHF World Championships, two Winter Olympic Games and also in the 2004 World Cup of Hockey. He backstopped the Czechs to a third-place finish at the World Cup, gold medals at the 2005 and 2010 World Championships and won bronze with the team at the 2006 Olympics in Turin. Personal life
<mask> lives with his wife, Dagmar, and two daughters, Adelle and Natalie, in Parkland, Florida. Awards and records
 Runner-up for the NHL Rookie of the Month award for December 1998.NHL Player of the Week for the week ending 2 January 2000 (3–0–0, 1 shutout, 1.33 goals against average (GAA), .960 save percentage; he was the first Predator to ever win this award). NHL Defensive Player of the Week for the week ending 30 November 2003 (4–0–0, 1.50 GAA, .950 save percentage). Selected to play for the Western Conference in the 2004 NHL All-Star Game. Selected to play for the Eastern Conference in the 2008 NHL All-Star Game. NHL Defensive Player of the Month for January 2010 (NHL's Third Star of the Month, 8–4–2, 1.49 GAA, .956 SV%, 4 SO). Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1976 births
Czech ice hockey goaltenders
Florida Panthers players
Fredericton Canadiens players
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Living people
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Montreal Canadiens draft picks
Montreal Canadiens players
Nashville Predators players
National Hockey League All-Stars
Olympic bronze medalists for the Czech Republic
Olympic ice hockey players of the Czech Republic
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Orli Znojmo players
Sportspeople from Karlovy Vary
Pittsburgh Penguins players
Washington Capitals players
Wheeling Nailers players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players

masks:
Tomáš Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Tomáš
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun
Vokoun


texts:
<mask> (born October 31, 1985) is an American retired mixed martial artist. A professional from 2009 until 2014, Cramer made his professional debut with the Ultimate Fighting Championships (UFC) and was a competitor on SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rampage vs Team Forrest. However, Cramer is perhaps best remembered for his 10-fight stint for Bellator. His Twitter name is @dancrameratt. Biography
Cramer graduated from Bethel High School, in his hometown of Bethel, Connecticut, in 2003. Cramer then attended the University of Connecticut, where he earned a bachelor’s degree in economics. While attending college, he played on the rugby team and was captain of the hockey team.After graduating, Cramer was employed as a manager for a local country club. Mixed martial arts career
Cramer began training Brazilian Jiu Jitsu at the age of sixteen. He later started his mixed martial arts training with the American Top Team of Connecticut and Best Way Brazilian Jiu Jitsu led by Luigi Mondelli, a five time Pan Am Jiu Jitsu champion. Before being on The Ultimate Fighter, Cramer held a 3-0 amateur record. After the filming of The Ultimate Fighter, Cramer moved to Coconut Creek, Florida to train with the main American Top Team academy. The Ultimate Fighter
Cramer was a contestant on the seventh season of The Ultimate Fighter. In order for the fighters to make it on the show, they had to win an elimination fight.<mask> won his elimination round fight against Jeremiah Riggs via unanimous decision. Cramer was selected to be a part of Team Rampage. Cramer then defeated Luke Zachrich by technical knockout in the second round. In the semi-final matchup, Cramer was paired off against Team Forrest's first pick, Tim Credeur. Credeur submitted Cramer with a heel hook to end Cramer's run in the tournament. After the fight, Cramer said he made a rookie mistake and he should have won the fight. Ultimate Fighting Championship
Cramer was set to make his debut at The Ultimate Fighter: Team Rampage vs Team Forrest Finale against former castmate Cale Yarbrough.Cramer broke his collar bone and was forced to withdraw from the fight. In <mask>'s professional MMA and UFC debut, he defeated Matt Arroyo at UFC 94: St. Pierre vs. Penn 2, and won the fight by split decision. The judges scored the fight (29-28, 28-29, 29-28). <mask> next fought his former Ultimate Fighter castmate Matthew Riddle at UFC 101. He lost the bout by unanimous decision. The judges scored the bout 29-27, 30-26 and 30-27. <mask> was cut from the UFC after his loss to Riddle.Bellator Fighting Championships
After leaving the UFC, <mask> recorded a pair of wins before he signed to fight Dennis Olson in a middleweight contest that took place at Bellator 15. Cramer dominated the bout, and won via unanimous decision with all three judges giving him a 30-27 win. Cramer fought fellow TUF alumnus, <mask>, for a one-off show from Bellator at Great Adventure in New Jersey. After three very close rounds, the fight went to the judges and Rivera was awarded the win via split decision (30-27, 30-27, 28-29). Judge Doug Crosby was the only dissenting voice on the cards, scoring the fight 29-28 to Cramer. Many spectators believed Cramer won, even booing the hometown favorite Rivera. He returned to Bellator for its last season three event, Bellator 34, against Igor Almeida.Cramer defeated Almeida via TKO (cut) at 2:36 of round one. That was <mask>'s first professional win via stoppage. At Bellator 39, Cramer fought Greg Rebello at the Mohegan Sun casino in Uncasville, Connecticut. He won via unanimous decision. <mask> made his fourth Bellator appearance at Bellator 46 against Josh Samman. Cramer controlled the entirety of the fight, and won the fight via unanimous decision. Cramer brought his undefeated Bellator record to 4-0.<mask> was expected to fight John Clarke on August 20, 2011 in Uncasville, Connecticut at Bellator 48. This was <mask>'s fifth Bellator appearance. Clarke, however, withdrew due to an injury and Cramer faced newcomer Jeff "The Wolfman" Nader. Cramer dominated the fight throughout two rounds before losing via TKO in the third round. At Bellator 63, Cramer rematched Jeff "The Wolfman" Nader on the preliminary portion of the card. The event took place March 30, 2012 in Uncasville, Connecticut. He won the fight via split decision.Cramer defeated Joe Lamoureux at Bellator 81 on November 16, 2012 via KO in round one. Bellator MMA announced Cramer as a competitor in the Season Eight Middleweight tournament, at Bellator 89 Cramer defeated Brian Rogers via unanimous decision in the Quarterfinal bout. He faced Brett Cooper in the semifinals on March 7, 2013 at Bellator 92. Despite winning the first two rounds, Cramer lost via TKO in the third round. Cramer was then expected to face Perry Filkins at Bellator 98 on September 7, 2013 in the quarterfinals of Bellator's Season Nine Middleweight Tournament. <mask>,  however, withdrew from the bout and was replaced with Jeremy Kimball. <mask> was expected to face Doug Marshall at Bellator 115 on April 4, 2014 in Bellator's Season Ten Middleweight Tournament.Marshall pulled out due to a current suspension and was replaced by Jeremy Kimball. However, Kimball missed weight prior to the bout and the fight was cancelled. Cramer faced Perry Filkins at Bellator 123 on September 5, 2014. He won the fight via unanimous decision. Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Win
|align=center|11–4
|Perry Filkins
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 123
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|10–4
|Brett Cooper
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 92
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|3:19
|Temecula, California, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|10–3
|Brian Rogers
|Decision (unanimous)
|Bellator 89
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|9–3
|Joe Lamoureux
|KO (punches)
|Bellator 81
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:26
|Kingston, Rhode Island, United States
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|8–3
|Jeff Nader
|Decision (split)
|Bellator 63
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|5:00
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|Return to Middleweight. |-
|Loss
|align=center|7–3
|Jeff Nader
|TKO (punches)
|Bellator 48
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|1:04
|Uncasville, Connecticut, United States
|Light Heavyweight debut.

masks:
Daniel John Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Dante Rivera
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer
Cramer


texts:
<mask> (born 11 June 1984), known as <mask>, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Danish Superliga team Midtjylland. He is a forward who has been described by World Soccer Magazine as possessing "mobility, flair, awareness and powerful shooting". The second name <mask> was given to Vágner while playing for Palmeiras as he was known for his playboy lifestyle. Over two spells, <mask> scored 117 goals across 241 official games in eight seasons at CSKA Moscow. He won 14 honours in the Russian capital, scoring in their win in the 2005 UEFA Cup Final to become the youngest player to score in a UEFA Cup final. <mask> scored four goals in 20 games for the Brazil national team, winning the Copa América in 2004 and 2007. Club career

Palmeiras
Vágner <mask> started his career with Palmeiras.In the 2003 season, he helped them to return to the Série A, the nation's top-flight division. CSKA Moscow
In the summer of 2004, <mask> <mask> was bought by Russian Premier League club CSKA Moscow. For over a year after his arrival, rumours kept appearing that he did not want to stay in Moscow, and a transfer to Corinthians in particular was hinted at numerous times. These rumours, however, eventually subsided, and he mentioned a number of times that he was fully committed to his contract and is looking forward to completing its full tenure. On 18 May 2005, at the age of , <mask> <mask> scored the final goal in CSKA's 3–1 victory over Sporting CP in the 2005 UEFA Cup Final at the Estádio José Alvalade in Lisbon, making him the youngest player to score in a UEFA Cup final. In addition to winning the UEFA Cup, he has gone on to win the Russian Premier League title and Russian Cup in both 2005 and 2008, as well as the Russian Super Cup in 2006. <mask> <mask> became the top scorer in the 2008 season (the first top scorer from outside the former Soviet Union) and the top scorer of the 2008–09 UEFA Cup, the latter with 11 goals in 8 games.Return to Palmeiras on loan
On 28 August 2009, following a run of poor form for CSKA, <mask> <mask> was signed by his former club Palmeiras on a one-year loan deal until 31 July 2010. CSKA press spokesman Sergei Aksenov claimed that <mask> <mask> left Russia due to "urgent family problems demand(ing) his presence at home in Brazil". <mask> <mask> had a respectable return of 5 goals in 12 games for Palmeiras, but his loan spell was ended prematurely: After publicly stating his concern over his safety at Palmeiras due to off-field altercations with fans, as well as his desire to play for his childhood team Flamengo, the deal was ended early on 14 January 2010. Flamengo
On 15 January 2010, the day after his loan was terminated with Palmeiras, <mask> <mask> officially signed a loan deal with reigning Brazilian champions Flamengo, through till July 2010. He made his Flamengo debut against Bangu in the Campeonato Carioca on 23 January 2010, scoring two goals. <mask> <mask> performed very well playing for Flamengo, scoring 23 goals in 26 matches. His successful strike partnership with Adriano was dubbed by fans as "Império do Amor", or "The Love Empire", in reference to Adriano's nickname "The Emperor" and Vágner <mask>'s artistic surname.The presence of midfielder Dejan Petković in Flamengo's squad made supporters start the year with high expectations—it was widely believed that the Serbian's passing and free-kick abilities, coupled with Adriano's and Vagner's prolific scoring, would produce a top team. However, with Adriano struggling to keep an athlete's body mass index, and Petković's legs growing old (he was already 37 then), the team failed to advance past the quarter-finals in the 2010 Copa Libertadores. Shortly after, Adriano revealed he wanted to try playing in Italy again, and Flamengo could not convince CSKA to extend Vágner <mask>'s loan, thus dismantling the once-promising "Love Empire". Return to CSKA

After a change of presidency, on 12 January 2013, Flamengo did not pay his pendencies of rights with CSKA, and <mask> <mask> had to leave the club, returning to Russia after a one-year absence. On 16 January, he was "re-presented" in Moscow and signed a three-year contract extension. He continued his goal scoring record with CSKA on his return to the club, and propelled the club to the Premier League title in 2013 after a goalless draw with Kuban Krasnodar on 18 May, the club's first league title since 2006. Shandong Luneng
On 24 July 2013, <mask> <mask> transferred to Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng in a reported €12 million transfer.Corinthians
On 8 February 2015, <mask> <mask> rescinded his contract with Shandong Luneng and signed with Corinthians in Brazil. He went on to become the top scorer of the club during the national championship as Corinthians went on to win the Série A that year. Monaco
On 13 January 2016, Ligue 1 club Monaco announced the signing of <mask> <mask> on an 18-month deal for a €1 million transfer fee. On 20 March, he opened the scoring in an eventual 2–0 win against Paris Saint-Germain, the Parisian club's first home defeat since May 2014. Alanyaspor
On 30 August 2016, Turkish Süper Lig club Alanyaspor reached an agreement with Monaco for the transfer of <mask>. On 31 August 2016, he was officially presented after passed the medical. Having failed to score in his first seven appearances for the club, <mask> scored 23 goals in 20 matches that followed to earn the Golden Boot award.Beşiktaş
On 26 January 2018, Turkish Süper Lig club Beşiktaş reached an agreement with Alanyaspor for the transfer of <mask>. Return to Corinthians
On 25 January 2019, <mask> returned to Corinthians on a deal until the end of 2020 after rescinding his contract with Beşiktaş. He rescinded his contract in June 2020. Kairat
On 8 July 2020, Kazakhstan Premier League club FC Kairat announced the signing of <mask> <mask> on a six-month contract, with the option to extend it. On 3 November 2020, <mask> scored Kairat's first goal, in a 3–1 win over Ordabasy, to clinch their first Kazakhstan Premier League title since 2004. On 5 November 2020, Kairat extended their contract with Vágner Love until the end of the 2021 season. Midtjylland
On 20 January 2022, <mask> signed an agreement to join Midtjylland on a free transfer, with a contract lasting until the end of the 2021/22 season.International career
<mask> <mask> earned his first call up for the Brazil national football team for the 2004 Copa América, in a squad without the main stars to give them rest after the end of the 2003–04 season. He made his debut as a substitute in the 4–1 win against Costa Rica, which was his single appearance as Brazil went on to win the competition. He did not make the final 23-man squad for the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Following the tournament, <mask> <mask> was named in new manager Dunga's first squad for the national team and scored his first goal for the Seleção in the same year, against Wales. The following year, he was included in Brazil's squad for the 2007 Copa América. On 7 July 2007, he scored the final goal in a 6–1 win against Chile in the quarter-finals of the competition. He played his last match for the national team in that year, against Uruguay.Over the course of his international career, he amassed 20 caps and scored 4 goals. Career statistics

Club

International
Updated 1 April 2009

''Scores and results table. Brazil's goal tally first:

Honours

Club
Palmeiras
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B: 2003

CSKA Moscow
Russian Premier League: 2005, 2006, 2012–13
Russian Cup: 2004–05, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13
Russian Super Cup: 2006, 2007, 2009, 2013
UEFA Cup: 2004–05

Shandong Luneng
Chinese FA Cup: 2014

Corinthians
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2015
Campeonato Paulista: 2019

Kairat
Kazakhstan Premier League: 2020
Kazakhstan Cup: 2021

International
Brazil
Copa América: 2004, 2007

Individual
 Campeonato Brasileiro Série B Top scorer: 2003
 Pan American Games Top scorer: 2003
 Campeonato Paulista Top scorer: 2004
 Russian Premier League Top scorer: 2008
 Sport-Expresss Russian Footballer of the Year: 2008
 Russian Premier League Team of the Year: 2008, 2012–13
 UEFA Cup Top scorer: 2008–09
 Campeonato Carioca Top scorer: 2010
 Russian Premier League Player of the Month: March 2013, May 2013
 Süper Lig Top scorer: 2016–17

References

1984 births
Living people
Brazilian footballers
Association football forwards
Brazil international footballers
Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players
PFC CSKA Moscow players
UEFA Cup winning players
Shandong Taishan F.C. players
Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras players
Clube de Regatas do Flamengo footballers
AS Monaco FC players
Alanyaspor footballers
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
FC Kairat players
FC Midtjylland players
2004 Copa América players
2007 Copa América players
Pan American Games medalists in football
Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil
Copa América-winning players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Russian Premier League players
Chinese Super League players
Ligue 1 players
Süper Lig players
Danish Superliga players
Brazilian expatriate footballers
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in China
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Monaco
Expatriate footballers in Monaco
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Footballers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Footballers at the 2003 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games

masks:
Vágner Silva de Souza
Vágner Love
Love
Vágner Love
Vágner Love
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Love
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love
Love
Love
Love
Love
Vágner
Love
Love
Love
Vágner
Love
Vágner
Love


texts:
<mask> (, born June 24, 1963) is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2009 to 2012, as well as Chairman of the Mongolian People's Party. He was previously Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of his predecessor, Sanjaagiin Bayar. As all Mongolians, he goes by one name, given at his birth, Batbold. Sukhbaatar is his father's name and Sukhbaataryn literally means "son of Sukhbaatar". So, Sukhbaatar is used as the last name in the Western style documents and Batbold as his first name. Because of this, he may also be recognized as <mask> or just <mask>. Personal life and education
<mask> was born in far eastern province Dornod of Mongolia to parents who worked as medical doctors in the provincial hospital.As a child <mask>, graduated the 14th high school in Ulaanbaatar, going on to study in Russia at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations, one of the most prestigious educational establishments in the former Eastern bloc, between 1980 and 1986. He was one of the first Mongolians to be given an opportunity to receive an education in the West and studied at the Middlesex University London Business School from 1989 till 1991, residing at Netherhall House. He also earned a doctoral degree at the Diplomatic Academy of the Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs in Moscow in 2002. Batbold previously held an executive position at Mongol Impex Cooperative. In 1992, he established Altai Trading Co. Ltd. (currently Altai Holding LLC), which among others owns the Chinggis Khaan Hotel, Altai Cashmere, E-mart Mongolia hypermarket chain and the Skytel cellular operator. He headed the company until 2000 by which time it became one of the largest Mongolian private companies. After Mongolia started a transition from the one-party authoritarian rule to market economy and democracy, he was  one of the first Mongolians to start a private business and grow it to a large corporation.Among all of his businesses, only Chinggus Khaan Hotel was bought from the government at the auction in 1994 as a half finished building in complete ruin, which was completed and served as a flagship hotel till 2016 when Shangri-la entered Mongolia. All other businesses were created from the scratch and introduced new standards of service and competence. Political career
<mask> entered Mongolian politics in 2000, by which time he was already an established and well-known businessman. He was Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2004 and became a member of the Leadership Council of the Mongolians People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) in 2001. During his term as a Deputy Foreign Minister a decision was taken by Mongolia to contribute forces to multinational force in Iraq and Afghanistan (https://www.everycrsreport.com/files/20140903_R41867_27863dd4cab95d3ac35bf0f58237d6b3f7211296.html). He was instrumental in negotiating a visa regime with the USA under which the USA citizens became exempt from Mongolian visa requirements and Mongolian citizens became eligible for 10-year multiple entry visas. Batbold held the Ulan Bator 75 constituency in the 2004 Mongolian Great Khural election.He then became Cabinet Minister of Trade and Industry between 2004 and 2006. As Minister of Trade and Industry, he contributed actively to the implementation of Trade and Investment Framework Agreement (TIFA) with the United States, establishing an ongoing dialogue to help remove barriers to trade between the United States and Mongolia. Also during his term as Minister of Trade and Industry Mongolia was awarded GSP Plus system of trade preferences by the European Union which allowed for preferential access for more than 7000 export items from Mongolia. <>. As cabinet minister, he also proposed for the first time in Mongolia the special tax and regulatory treatment for small and medium businesses by proposing a special legislation to the Parliament. In the 2008 Great Khural election, Batbold won a seat for the MPRP in the Ulan Bator 23 constituency in the same location of the capital city of Ulaanbaatar as during previous elections. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2008 until he was nominated to become Prime Minister in 2009.During his tenure as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he hosted United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon in Ulan Bator to discuss the topic of climate change in Mongolia. Batbold also substituted for then Prime Minister Bayar at a Prime Ministers' meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Prime Minister and Chairman of Mongolian People's Party
On October 29, 2009, <mask> was elected as the 26th Prime Minister of Mongolia, succeeding Sanjaa Bayar, who resigned due to health reasons. Batbold received 62 of 66 votes cast by Members of the Mongolian Parliament. On the 8th of April 2010, Batbold became the Chairman of the MPRP. This was confirmed with an election at the 26th MPRP Congress. During the Party Congress, Batbold was one of three proposed candidates for leadership, the others being Parliament Speaker Demberel Damdin and MP U.Enkhtuvshin.After D.Demberel withdrew his name from the list of candidates, voting continued until 4:30am, ending with Batbold winning a majority of 85% (675 votes from 788 voters). During the same party conference it was also decided that the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party would revert to its original name, the Mongolian People's Party. (http://en.people.cn/90001/90777/90851/7190654.html; https://montsame.mn/en/read/262575) The name change was proposed by S.<mask> as chairman and Secretary-General of the party Ukhnaa Khurelsukh and signified full transition to the social-democratic values by the Mongolian People's Party. Before 1990, successive leaders of MPRP ruled Mongolia under one-party totalitarian regime and this is the only party among the former communist camp that managed to stay competitive in the new democratic system by transiting to social-democratic values along the line of German Social Democrats and British Labor. As Prime Minister, Batbold oversaw a number of notable developments. His cabinet supported the enactment of the Law on Gender Equality in 2011. The law was significant in legislating the notions of legally punishing work place harassment, introducing women's quota in political election nominations, etc.The reform and modernisation of the Mongolian Stock Exchange was initiated and its Board was filled with respectable independent members for the first time in its history such as Peter Morrow, an American who was one of the most influential figure in establishing the Mongolia's private banking system and Baatar Bold, a Mongolian with many years of experience in international banking and is currently one of the top executives of Rio Tinto, among others. The Board worked closely with London Stock Exchange to reform MSE’s systems. This was the first time in the history of state-owned companies in Mongolia that the board was composed of independent directors outside of government. The cabinet launched of a collaboration between the Government of Mongolia and a Cambridge University consortium to introduce Cambridge International Education system into Mongolia's public schools and reform primary and secondary education in Mongolia. This was one of the most far reaching educational reform efforts since the 1990s in Mongolia. Human Development Fund was established that not only paid cash dividends to the public but funded education, health and social insurance. It sought to emulate the experiences of Singapore's Central Provident Fund.In 2010, Batbold held a cabinet meeting (https://asiafoundation.org/2010/09/01/mongolia-cabinet-meets-in-gobi-desert-to-make-stand-against-global-warming/) in the Gobi desert to draw attention to climate change and the growing threat of desertification in Mongolia. During his term as Prime Minister, the Mongolian economy grew by 17.5 percent in 2011, one of the highest globally. The poverty rates fell by double digits and household income doubled. This achievement cannot be solely attributed to high mineral prices, as there have been even higher prices before and since his cabinet. Progressive policies that encouraged economic growth and at the same time sought to address social issues at the time of difficult transition were the main reason of such impressive results. When he visited Canada in 2010 he told to Canadian Prime Minister Steven Harper that Canada can serve as a role model for Mongolia because of similarities in resource endowments, sparse population, big territory and most importantly in democratic values and development models. This visit sparked exchanges between the two countries in different areas, including efforts to reform the public service along the Canadian example.These efforts culminated in adoption of the revised Law of Civil Service in 2017 by the Parliament of Mongolia. The revised law introduces concepts of minimum required years of service for promotion, increased the independence and powers of Civil Service Commission of Mongolia, tightened merit based requirements for initial recruitment. Batbold also sought to initiate a transition to "European standards" which he defined as "not only commodities’ and physical’ standards, but also new standards related to laws and regulations, technologies and mindsets, as well as to culture and lifestyle." He proposed in his speech to the Parliament in 2009 as he was taking over as Prime Minister:

"We can learn from our traditional partners’ experiences where they have recently joined the European Union and enjoy the benefits of such new standards. In bringing up their standards they neither re-invent the wheel nor did they re-write laws according to one person’s wishes. What they did was to choose one standard to be followed, starting with changing road standards to adopting anti-corruption laws to suit local conditions and specifics. I believe this is where their successes have come from."This was a remarkable statement of intention by the country located on a different continent from the European Union to self-adopt its norms and principles on a voluntary and unilateral basis in the absence of any incentives from the European Union. The EU offered its Eastern European Partners (mostly former Soviet republics), as a part of Eastern Partnership initiative, a road towards greater integration with potential of joining the union in accordance with a mutually agreed path of democratic reform and market openness (https://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/er/107589.pdf). Mongolia, obviously geographically distanced, wasn't part of this initiative, however, it was initiating the "European standards" reforms without any intention or hope of joining the EU but because it saw a value in itself in those reforms. Batbold discussed this initiative when he hosted German Chancellor Merkel in Mongolia (https://archiv.bundesregierung.de/archiv-en/articles/chancellor-angela-merkel-in-viet-nam-and-mongolia-610742). Batbold hosted many other world dignitaries in Mongolia such as US Vice President Joseph Biden (https://www.rferl.org/a/biden_offers_us_support_for_democratic_mongolia/24304215.html; https://www.mongoliaweekly.org/post/why-mongolia-matters-to-joe-biden) and State Secretary Hillary Clinton (https://www.eastwestcenter.org/system/tdf/private/apb174_0.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=33606; https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2009a/06/124494.htm). At the same time, Batbold's cabinet adhered to the traditional foreign policy of Mongolia to maintain and strengthen relations with its only two neighbors, Russia and China. He visited Russia in 2010 and met with then Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.He also visited China in 2011 and held negotiations with his counterpart China's Premier Wen Jiabao  and then Vice President and current President of China Xi Jingpin (https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-06/17/content_12726117.htm). During his time as Prime Minister trade with the two neighbors grew in unprecedented speed. Batbold's term as Prime Minister saw a remarkable degree of high level visits and exchanges with the country's most significant foreign partners such as Japan (https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/mongolia/batbold_1203/index.html), South Korea (http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20110324000949&mod=skb), India (https://news.mn/en/18350/), Australia (https://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;query=Id%3A%22media%2Fpressrel%2F577185%22), Singapore (https://www.mfa.gov.sg/Newsroom/Press-Statements-Transcripts-and-Photos/2011/02/Official-Visit-by-Prime-Minister-of-Mongolia-Sukhbaatar-Batbold-1718-February-2011) among many others. Overall, this policy of maintaining balanced and cooperative relations with the immediate two neighbors and perceived Third neighbors (the term invented by State Secretary James Baker when he visited Mongolia in 1990 with whom Mongolia shares common democratic values) has been maintained consistently since the 1990s transition to democracy and market relations. Ideologically, Batbold is a Third way politician along the lines of Bill Clinton, Tony Blair and Gerhard Schroeder whose views were very much market based on economics and centrist on social issues, which put them to the right from traditional social democratic views. Continued Political Involvement
Since the end of his term as Prime Minister in 2012, Batbold has remained a Member of Parliament. He is a member of Mongolia's delegation for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Parliamentary Assembly.He is Vice President of the Socialist International, an international organization registered at the United Nations (whose current Secretary-General António Guterres was Vice President of the Socialist International from 1999 till 2005), that brings together parties around the world on the social democratic platform. Mr. S.<mask> is a strong supporter of public policy based on knowledge-based research and public debate. Therefore, he is one of the founders of Mongolia Economic Forum and Mongolian Development Strategy Institute, both dedicated to encouraging deeper public policy research and more open debate. He serves as Chairman of the Mongolia Development Strategy Institute, think-tank which hosts international events and undertakes research on public policy issues with significant impact on Mongolia's development trajectory. The institute co-hosted such prestigious international events as Williamsburg Conference in 2007, Northeast Asia Regional Meeting of the Asia Pacific Leadership network for Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament in 2017, Boao Forum for Asia Ulaanbaatar Conference in 2019, Regional Energy Workshop in 2019 among others. It board members and contributors published many books and articles on Mongolia's developmental challenges, trade and diplomacy, security, history,  environment and governance. In November 2014, <mask> was elected to membership in the MPP Chamber of Advisers and in December 2015 he once again joined the MPP Leadership Council.After winning a Parliamentary seat for fifth time in 2020, Batbold was elected chairman of the Great Khural Subcommittee on Special Oversight. He was named by the party officials as one of the potential candidates for the June 2021 Presidential elections by Mongolian People's Party (https://news.mn/en/794529/) and was nominated by some local party entities. As a result he was target of smear campaign orchestrated by political opponents (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-03-10/mongolian-president-accused-of-smearing-political-foe-as-corrupt. References

|-

1963 births
Alumni of London Business School
Government ministers of Mongolia
Living people
Members of the State Great Khural
Mongolian expatriates in the Soviet Union
Mongolian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Mongolian People's Party politicians
Prime Ministers of Mongolia
People from Dornod Province
Moscow State Institute of International Relations alumni
Foreign ministers of Mongolia

masks:
Sükhbaataryn Batbold
Sukhbaatar Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold
Batbold


texts:
<mask> II (reigned 733 – 744 CE) was the son of King Vijayaditya and ascended the Badami Chalukya throne following the death of his father. This information comes from the Lakshmeshwar inscriptions in Kannada dated 13 January 735 A.D. From inscriptions it has come to be known that even before his coronation, <mask> II, as a crown prince (Yuvaraja), had conducted successful military campaigns against their arch enemy, the Pallavas of Kanchipuram. His most important achievements were the capture of Kanchipuram on three occasions, the first time as a crown prince, the second time as an emperor and the third time under the leadership of his son and crown prince Kirtivarman II. This is attested to by another Kannada inscription, known as the Virupaksha Temple inscription which alludes to the emperor as the conqueror of Kanchi on three occasions and reads Sri Vikramaditya-bhatarar-mume-Kanchiyan-mume parajisidor. The other notable achievement was the consecration of the famous Virupaksha Temple (Lokeshwara temple) and Mallikarjuna Temple (Trilokeshwara temple) by his queens Lokadevi and Trilokadevi at Pattadakal. These two monuments are the centre piece of the UNESCO World Heritage Monuments at Pattadakal. <mask>tas. Wars against Pallavas

Unlike King Vijayaditya, who had ruled till a very old age in a long and peaceful reign of four decades, <mask> II's inscriptions seem to convey an impatience for war. From those inscriptions, historians feel that he nursed a grudge against the Pallavas, who a century ago, under the leadership of Narasimhavarman I, had defeated the Chalukyas and occupied their regal capital Badami, thus bringing to an end the glorious reign of Pulakeshin II and causing humiliation to the Chalukya royal family. From these inscriptions, it is known that nothing short of complete annihilation of the Pallavas (prakrity-amitra) could redeem the lost dignity of the Chalukyas. Vikarmaditya II, armed with this vengeful enthusiasm (mahotsaha), invaded the Pallava country. Immediately after coming to power, <mask> II saw an opportunity in the ensuing civil war in Kanchipuram and espoused the cause of Chitramaya, against that of Nandivarman II. <mask> II fought many battles with the Pallavas, won three important victories, and occupied Kanchipuram on those occasions.Around 730, as the Chalukya crown prince, assisted by the Western Ganga Dynasty prince Ereyappa, he attacked the Pallava Paramesvaravarman II. The Pallava king had to sue for peace at a great financial loss to his kingdom. The Pallava subsequently tried to mount a counter-attack at the Ganga ally King Sripurusha (731), but was killed in the battle of Vilande. Sripurusha seized the kings insignia, the royal umbrella and earned the title Permanadi. Though this victory to the Chalukyas happened during the rule of King Vijayaditya, the records of Chalukya monarchs give full credit to Vikramaditya II. Vikramaditya again invaded the Pallava kingdom after 734, aided by the faithful ally, the Western Ganga King Sripurusha, who joined the Chalukyas in this expedition. The earliest mention of this invasion is in the Narwan plates issued on 21 December 741 or 742.The Pallava King Nandivarman was a 13-year-old boy who nevertheless made a valiant but futile attempt to face the invasion. The Pallava king fled Kanchipuram into exile, leaving behind all his regal attributes which included among other things, a prestigious musical drum (katumukha), a musical instrument (samudraghosa) and a mace. Many of his war elephants, a large quantity of precious stones and gold fell into the hands of the victorious Chalukya monarch. The road to Kanchipuram lay open and <mask> II entered the city victorious. He ensured that the residents of the city were not harmed nor were the beautiful monuments destroyed (from inscription - Kanchim avinasya pravisya). The bounties of war were also returned. Unlike many conquering kings, Vikramaditya behaved in a very honorable way and showed consideration towards both the inhabitants and the city.Many donations were made to local Brahmins and gifts given to the weak and the forlorn citizens. <mask> II had in his moment of revenge transformed himself from an overbearing conqueror to a humble devotee of the deities in the temples of Kanchipuram. The act of returning large amounts of booty to the temples earned him religious merit. All that was then inscribed on a Kannada language inscription on the back of a pillar in the mantapa (hall) of the Kailasanatha temple. His benevolent acts at other temples have also been recorded in his copper plate inscriptions. <mask> thus wiped out the disgrace that had fallen on the Chalukya empire by the occupation of Vatapi a century earlier by the Pallava Narasimhavarman I. Having satiated his quest for revenge, <mask> II returned to Badami.The Chalukyan empire then reached its proportions during the rule of Pulakeshin II. He overran the kingdoms of Chera, Chola and Pandyas and defeated a Kalabhra ruler as well. Those victories were written in his inscription on the shores of the Indian Ocean. The final invasion of Kanchipuram happened in the final years of the reign of <mask> II, under the leadership of his son Kirtivarman II. Conflict with Arabs

In the early years of Vikramaditya's reign, Arab invaders who had established themselves in the Sindh made a push into the Deccan. Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin, a son of <mask> I's brother Jayasimhavarman who was the governor of the Lata branch (Gujarat) fought and defeated them in 739 CE. <mask> II so appreciated his valour, he conferred the title of Avanijanasraya (refuge of the people of the earth) on Pulakeshin.The Rashtrakuta King Dandivarma or Dantidurga also fought along the Chalukyas against the Arabs. Rule
<mask> II donated 50 nivartanas of land for maintenance of charity house of Dhavala-Jinalaya at Lakshmeshwara, Dharwad district in 735 CE. References

Citations

Sources
 Suryanath U. Kamat (2001). Concise History of Karnataka, MCC, Bangalore (Reprinted 2002). K.V. Ramesh, Chalukyas of Vatapi, 1984, Agam Kala Prakashan, Delhi
 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. (1955).A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002). South Indian Inscriptions - http://www.whatisindia.com/inscriptions/
  History of Karnataka, Mr. Arthikaje

Early Chalukyas
744 deaths
8th-century Indian monarchs
Year of birth unknown

masks: Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramadityaashtraku Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya Vikramaditya


texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1962) is a Billboard charts American pianist, composer and author. Raised in the suburban town of Maplewood, New Jersey, she attended Michigan State University and later Tisch School of the Arts at New York University, graduating from NYU with honors and a BFA in Undergraduate Drama. She has released twenty-one albums of piano music. She currently lives in New Freedom, Pennsylvania. Early life
<mask>'s paternal grandfather, <mask>, was a flutist with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under the direction of Arturo Toscanini. Although they never met, in her memoir she credits him with providing creative inspiration. She began formal piano lessons at the age of seven.Theater
She is a founding member of the Atlantic Theater Company and acted in dozens of plays with the company including Boys' Life (which was nominated for a Drama Desk award for Outstanding Ensemble Performance)   and The Lights by Howard Korder at Lincoln Center. She composed music for several Atlantic Theater Company productions including the David Mamet adaptation of Three Sisters directed by William H. Macy and two children's plays written by David Mamet airing on National Public Radio (NPR): The Poet and the Rent and The Revenge of the Space Pandas. In 1992, <mask> and Barry Shulak co-wrote a musical for young audiences entitled Balloonland. Originally produced in Vermont by the Atlantic Theater Company,  Balloonland later debuted off-Broadway on ATC's New York City stage in 1993. Albums and awards
As of 2021, <mask> had recorded twenty-one albums and appeared on over fifty compilations. Her debut album of original piano solos entitled Heal of the Hand was recorded independently in 1993. The album was picked up by the indie label North Star Music in 1994, and became their best-selling CD of the decade.According to North Star president Richard Waterman, <mask> sold between 160,000 and 200,000 albums during 1995 and 1996, although SoundScan only registered 1,800 sales, with the bulk of sales through specialist outlets. By 1999 she had reportedly sold 300,000 albums. <mask>'s original 1994 agreement with North Star Music was a six-record deal, covering recording and release of two albums per year over the course of three years. During this period, the following titles were released under the North Star label: Heal of the Hand (1993), Spirit of the Holidays (1994) featuring Christmas-themed tracks, Unchained Melodies (1995), In the Heart of Winter (1995), Songs of the Spirit (1996), and In the Arms of the Wind (1997). Additional titles subsequently released by North Star include Mother (1999) and Spa Piano (2007). The former is a collaboration with singers Cathie Ryan and Susan McKeown featuring songs celebrating motherhood. When North Star folded in 2011, <mask> bought back the masters for her albums released under that label.Beginning in 2000, Spielberg started releasing albums under her own playMountain Music label. Titles released under playMountain Music are Beautiful Dreamer (2000), Dreaming of Summer (2000), The Christmas Collection (2002), American Chanukah (2002), With a Song in My Heart (2004), Memories of Utopia (2005), A New Kind of Love (2008), Sea to Shining Sea: A Tapestry of American Music (2010), Another Time, Another Place (2015), On The Edge Of A Dream: Piano Solos For Dreaming (2018), Love Story (2020), Re-Inventions (2020), and Give My Regards to Broadway (2021). Another Time, Another Place was nominated for a Zone Music Award and on May 7, 2016 she performed at the awards show at the Joy Theater New Orleans, Louisiana. The album was also nominated for a Whisperings Solo Piano Radio Award  and a One World Music Radio award in the UK. In March 2018 Spielberg debuted at number 6 in the Billboard New Age Charts with her album On The Edge Of A Dream: Piano Solos For Dreaming. The CD was ranked number 7 on the Zone Music Reporter radio charts for the months of June and July 2018. http://www.zonemusicreporter.com/charts/top100.asp

In addition to her recording career, Spielberg served as an inaugural member of the 'Independent Music Awards' judging panel. Spielberg was added to the Steinway Artist roster in 1996.Performances
<mask> tours both nationally and overseas. Performance highlights within the United States include three sold-out performances at the Weill Recital Hall at Carnegie Hall (New York City). Overseas, she has toured South Korea three times appearing at KBS Hall, Seoul Arts Center and the LG Arts Center (2010). <mask> is signed with Sony/ATV Music Publishing in Asia and her piece "An Improvisation on the Canon in D" is used in the soundtrack of the South Korean television drama series Winter Sonata

In January 2015 Spielberg began opening for the renowned songwriter Jimmy Webb at the Sharp Theater, Mahwah, New Jersey, both are represented by Kosson Talent. In July 2019, The Chinese Ministry of Culture and Tourism invited Spielberg to perform concerts and give piano performance master classes and workshops. The three week tour included performances in the Zhejiang Province at The Hangzhou Grand Theater, The Keqiao Lantian Grand Theatre, The Longquan Grand Theatre, The Xiangshan Theatre, The Changxing Grand Theatre, as well as The Gengsu Theater in Jiangsu, The Puxian Grand Theatre in Fujian Province and MAO Livehouse in Shanghai. Music therapy
The importance of music therapy is a recurring theme throughout Spielberg's career.She is a national celebrity artist spokesperson for the American Music Therapy Association. As spokesperson, <mask> often conducts seminars and workshops on the transformative power of music in hospitals, schools and community centers while on tour. She has also performed fundraisers for medical  and other charities. In 2014 Spielberg was invited to give a TEDx talk on The Healing Power of Music in Lancaster, Pennsylvania's inaugural TEDx event. Writing
<mask> called a "well-paced musical memoir about the value of perseverance" which avoids sentimentality and balances happy moments with darker content such as being stalked. Spielberg also writes about music therapy in her memoir. Teaching
In 2016 Spielberg began teaching at Millersville University as an instructor in the music business technology department, teaching Careers in the Music Business and International Music Business.Discography
 Heal of the Hand (1993)
 Spirit of the Holidays (1994)
 Unchained Melodies (1995)
 In the Heart of Winter (1995)
 Songs of the Spirit (1996)
 In the Arms of the Wind (1997)
 Mother (1999)
 Beautiful Dreamer (2000)
 Dreaming of Summer (2000)
 The Christmas Collection (2002)
 American Chanukah (2002)
 With a Song in My Heart (2004)
 Memories of Utopia (2005)
 Spa Piano (2007)
 A New Kind of Love (2008)
 Sea to Shining Sea: A Tapestry of American Music (2010)
 Another Time, Another Place (2015)
 On the Edge of A Dream (2018)
 Love Story (2020)
 Re-Inventions (2020)
 Give My Regards to Broadway (2021)

References

Sources
Spielberg, <mask>, Naked on the Bench: My Adventures in Pianoland, A Memoir,  Spobs Music Incorporated 2013;

External links

Agency

American women pianists
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from New Jersey
Living people
1962 births
Michigan State University alumni
20th-century American composers
20th-century American pianists
People from New Freedom, Pennsylvania
20th-century American women pianists
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American women pianists
20th-century women composers
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Robin Spielberg
Robin Spielberg
Rubin Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielberg
Spielbergus
Robin