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<mask> (born 1 November 1980, Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR) is a Ukrainian businessman, politician and philanthropist. Non-partisan member of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine of the 8th and the 9th convocations. During his time in the Verkhovna Rada of the 8th convocation, he served as a co-chair of the parliamentary group on inter-parliamentary relations with Austria, and a member of the parliamentary group on inter-parliamentary relations with Montenegro. He was a member of the Economic Policy Committee and a secretary of the Will of the People parliamentary group. During his time in the Verkhovna Rada of the 9th convocation, he serves as the Chairman of the Health Insurance Subcommittee of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Health of the Nation, Medical Care and Medical Insurance. In the Verkhovna Rada, Dovgiy represents the interests of industrialists, entrepreneurs and employers, and chairs the Office of Business Representatives in the Parliament. Biography

He was born into the family of Stanislav Dovgiy – scientist, businessman and politician.His mother is Larysa Dovga Doctor of Philosophy, Professor of the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy". Grandfather – Oleksiy <mask>, a famous Ukrainian writer and a poet, the author of 36 publications translated into 12 languages. Grandmother – Maria Dovga, Honorary Teacher of Ukraine. Wife – Irina, sons Makariy and Matvij. Education

 1997 – graduated with Honors from the regular school No. 58 in Kyiv. Studied at the Anglo European School of English in Bournemouth (UK) under the international student exchange program.He graduated from the Economics and Business course at Kensington College of Business
 2002 – graduated from Kyiv National Economic University with a degree in international economics and law. with a degree in manufacturing marketing. 2015 – graduated from the National University "Odessa Law Academy" with a degree in law. 2012-2014 – graduated from the МBА program for top-level managers at INSEAD – The Business School for the World. Holds a PhD in Economics. Professional career

<mask> <mask> started working in 1997 as a legal assistant at the Ukrainian Association of Young Lawyers. Starting 1998, he worked as an assistant to the head of the insurance company Credo Classic (now UNICA Ukraine).<mask> was one of the managers of the Nova Records and Western Thunder group of companies and was the founder of the first Ukrainian DVD company. Along with his partners, he established one of the pioneering Ukrainian internet service providers and Synerhiya Company, the first company in the Ukrainian market to start selling advertising in movie theaters. <mask> and his partners founded the country's first online store selling audio and video content. Among Dovgiy's early business projects was a joint publishing project with ABABAGALAMAGA Publishing House, which published and sold more than 5 million children's books of the Mini-Dyvo series. This was the biggest number of books in the history of Ukrainian book publishing. According to his tax declaration, <mask> <mask> made his first million dollars at the age of 21. Political career
In the 2006 local election <mask> <mask> was elected to Kyiv City Council, where he was later elected Deputy chairman and Secretary of Kyiv City Council.In the 2008 snap elections to Kyiv City Council he was re-elected as a council member and as Deputy chairman and Secretary of Kyiv City Council for a second term. In 2011, <mask> <mask> resigned as Secretary of Kyiv City Council at his own request protesting against the policies of Viktor Yanukovych. In October 2014, during the snap parliamentary election, he was elected People's Deputy of Ukraine in constituency No. 102 (Kirovohrad oblast). On 18 September 2015, MP <mask> joined the Will of the People group of MPs as one of its leaders. On 10 November 2016, Dovgiy was elected as official representative of industrialists, entrepreneurs and employers in the Parliament. He also chaired the Office of Business Representatives in the Verkhovna Rada.Later his parliamentary immunity was lifted by the Ukrainian parliament on 11 July 2017, because of suspicions of fraud with land. However, the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor's Office soon closed the case against <mask> <mask> and found the accusations baseless. On 21 July 2019, Dovgiy was re-elected as a People's Deputy in the snap parliamentary election in constituency No. 102 (Kirovohrad oblast). Family business
<mask> <mask> is a partner in the business that belongs to his senior family members. In terms of doing business, the most significant family projects were the development and sale of Kyiv Radio Equipment Plant that built computers and notebooks and had licensed manufacturing of Sanyo and Philips TV-sets. The Dovgiy family also established the Chumatskiy Shlyakh food supermarket chain, which they sold in 2015 to the Velyka Kyshenya supermarket chain, a leading market player.After the sale of these two business projects, the family focused its efforts on development, real estate, and private medicine. The group is a real estate partner to the Dobrobut network of health clinics. In addition to real estate and development, the family has a grocery supply project dealing with imports of premium food products, and a chain of luxury electronic stores Bang & Olufsen. Charity
In April 2011, he founded the "Together We Can Charitable" Foundation to support educational projects for children, youth and parents. The Foundation operates in three areas: sports and healthy living, educational programs, and social projects. Hobbies
Oles plays saxophone and loves to cook. He is fond of Ukrainian painting and patronizes a number of cultural and artistic projects.He is a collector of contemporary Ukrainian art and owns about 100 various art objects. Awards
 Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called, 1st class (September 2008). Order of Merit, 3rd class (Decree of the President of Ukraine of 28 May 2009). links

External links
 Dovgiy Oles at Facebook
 Oles Dovgiy and Katerina Gorina Foundation

1980 births
Businesspeople from Kyiv
Living people
Eighth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Politicians from Kyiv

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Oles Dovgiy
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<mask> (born January 31, 1997) is an American professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Villanova Wildcats. He won national championships with Villanova in 2016 and 2018. He was selected with the 17th overall pick by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2018 NBA draft. In 2021, he won his first championship with the Bucks. Early life and high school career
DiVincenzo was born in Newark, Delaware, the son of John F. and Kathie DiVincenzo and has an older brother, John. Growing up, DiVincenzo played soccer before switching to basketball in high school.He attended the Salesianum School, where he led the team to two consecutive state championships. As a junior, he averaged 15.8 points, 4.7 rebounds and 2.9 assists per game and played basketball in the Nike EYBL for Team Final. DiVincenzo averaged 22.9 points, 9.0 rebounds and 4.0 assists per game as a senior. He was named Delaware Sportswriters and Broadcasters Association's Boys' Basketball Player of the Year in 2015. College career
DiVincenzo appeared in nine games his true freshman year for Villanova before sitting out with a fractured fifth metatarsal bone in his right foot. The following season, in his redshirt freshman season, DiVincenzo averaged 8.8 points and 3.8 rebounds per game. He registered 19 points, three rebounds, and two assists in a 70–57 victory against St. John's on January 14, 2017.On March 9, DiVincenzo had a season-high 25 points to go with five rebounds and four assists in a 108–67 rematch win over St. John's. In the NCAA Tournament, he scored 21 points and grabbed 13 rebounds in a 76–56 victory over Mount St. Mary's in the first round. DiVincenzo was named to the Big East All-Freshman team and the Philadelphia Big Five Rookie of the Year. In his redshirt sophomore season, DiVincenzo had a then career-high 30 points in an 86–75 win over Butler on February 10, 2018. At the conclusion of the regular season, he was named Big East Sixth Man of the Year. In the Elite Eight of the 2018 NCAA Tournament, DiVincenzo had 12 points and eight rebounds in a 71–59 win over Texas Tech. DiVincenzo was named the NCAA Final Four Most Outstanding Player following their championship win over Michigan, in which he scored a career-high 31 points (including five three-point baskets) and recorded five rebounds, three assists and two blocked shots.In addition, he scored the most points in an NCAA Final Four game for a player coming off the bench. DiVincenzo was dubbed the "Big Ragu" by sportscaster Gus Johnson following his last-second tip in a game on January 29, 2017, which gave Villanova the win against the University of Virginia. The nickname was given to him ostensibly due to his Italian heritage and his red hair. When Johnson came up with the nickname, he was probably referring to another "Big Ragu", a character named Carmine Ragusa on the 1970s–80s sitcom Laverne & Shirley, who was also Italian. On April 19, 2018, DiVincenzo announced he would declare for the 2018 NBA draft without hiring an agent, thereby leaving open the possibility of a return to Villanova. On May 29, 2018, DiVincenzo announced he would remain in the draft and hire an agent, forgoing his final two years of eligibility at Villanova. Professional career

Milwaukee Bucks (2018–2022)
On June 21, 2018, DiVincenzo was selected with the 17th overall pick by the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2018 NBA draft, the second of four Villanova players drafted that year.On July 10, 2018, the Milwaukee Bucks announced that they had signed DiVincenzo. He missed most of his rookie season with a foot injury. He scored a career-high 17 points in a win over the Minnesota Timberwolves in early November during his second season. On December 16, 2019, DiVincenzo scored 5 points, grabbed 10 rebounds, recorded 9 assists, and recorded 3 steals in a 120–116 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. On January, 16, 2020, DiVincenzo scored 19 points and recorded 3 rebounds in  a 128–123 win against the Boston Celtics. That same season, he would record the 3rd highest defensive rating of any player in the league (teammate Giannis Antetokounmpo being 1st). On May 4, 2021, DiVincenzo scored 10 points and grabbed 15 rebounds in a 124–118 win over the Brooklyn Nets.He ultimately received a championship ring as he was part of the 2021 team that won the NBA Finals, but did not play in any games after the first round of the playoffs due to a severe left ankle injury suffered against the Miami Heat. His injury was viewed as a hinderance to Milwaukee's ability to find postseason success, as they had not expected to play role players P. J. Tucker and Pat Connaughton so frequently. On December 25, 2021, DiVincenzo made his return to the court after being out for six months, where he logged 3 points and 2 rebounds in 15 minutes of playing time during a 117–113 win over the Boston Celtics. On January 22, 2022, DiVincenzo scored a season high 20 points in a 133–127 win over the Sacramento Kings. Sacramento Kings (2022–present)
On February 10, 2022, DiVincenzo was traded to the Sacramento Kings in a four-team trade. On February 12, DiVincenzo scored 7 points and recorded 5 assists in 19 minutes of playing time in his Kings debut, a 123-110 win over the Washington Wizards.


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<mask> (; 9 August 1928 – 16 August 2021) was a Persian-American composer and ethnomusicologist who spent much of his career in Dublin, Ireland. An emeritus professor of music, he was a fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Described by the Irish Times as a "a gifted and distinctive composer of contemporary classical music," his compositions include orchestral, concertante, piano and choral music, as well string quartets and chamber works. He also wrote numerous film scores, including that of Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film The Cow. However, his musicological research dominates his legacy; his writings on the music of Iran—a country which he insisted be called 'Persia'—were pivotal in ethnomusicology, particularly his acclaimed 1990 study The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music. Life and career
<mask> was born on 9 August 1928, in Tehran, the capital city of what was then Imperial State of Persia, but renamed in 1935 as Iran. His father Ebrahim Farat was a senior official at the Persian Ministry of Finance married to his mother Sedique.The <mask> family had descended from a long line of "secularised Muslims", many of whom were civil servicemen like Ebrahim. His cousin Shahin <mask> also became a composer. According to <mask> himself, his early exposure to Iranian music was limited to his father occasionally playing the tar. Instead, he recalls that his ""early musical outlook was mainly western", later filtered through the country's radio station that was established in 1939. <mask> later moved to the United States and received a BA in music from the University of California, Los Angeles, UCLA (1953), an MA in composition from Mills College, California (1955), and a Ph.D. in composition and ethnomusicology from UCLA (1965). He studied composition with Darius Milhaud, Lukas Foss, and Roy Harris. In 1959, <mask> founded the Music of Persia Performance Group at UCLA.During his years in California <mask> worked first as an assistant professor of music at California State University, Long Beach (1961–64) and then as associate professor of music at University of California, Los Angeles (1964–69). On returning to Iran he became a professor and head of the music department at the University of Tehran, (1970–78) as well as the head of the Music Council in the National Iranian Radio and Television Network (1969–78) and Shiraz Arts Festival. He was vice-chancellor at Farabi University in Tehran (1975–77). In 1972 and 1973, he was invited as a visiting professor of music to Harvard University. <mask> moved to Northern Ireland in 1979 as a senior research fellow at Queen's University, Belfast and then to the Republic of Ireland as the chair, professor and head of the School of Music in Trinity College Dublin (1982–95). Among his students at Trinity College was Donnacha Dennehy, who became among the leading Irish composers of contemporary classical music. He was a guest lecturer at numerous institutions including universities of Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Princeton, Stanford, Berkeley, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Durham, Amsterdam, Cologne, Warsaw, Ljubljana, Copenhagen, Stockholm and The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.He was the external examiner at the University of Durham School of Music (1991–1994) and the Royal Irish Academy of Music (2001–2004 and 2011–2014). <mask> <mask> was married first to the pianist Mahin Zarrinpanjeh in the 1970s in Tehran and later in Ireland to the academic philosopher Maria Baghramian and had a son Robert. His first son Kamran died in his youth. <mask> died in Dublin, Ireland, aged 93. In December 2021 the University College Cork and the University of Tehran jointly organised a virtual memorial for Prof. <mask>. Music

Overview
His compositions have been performed widely by, among many others, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and English Chamber Orchestra and most recently by the pianist Soheil Nasseri in Carnegie Hall and Merkin Hall in New York as well as in the Strathmore Music Center. Selected recordings
 String Quartets, Nos.1, 2 & 3: St Petersburg String Quartet & Arvand String Quartet (Ravi-Azar-Kimia Institute, 2007). Persian Autumn (piano work): Mary Dullea, piano (Divine Arts, 2020). Selected compositions
Orchestral works
 Sinfonia Concertante, for seven solo instruments, soprano and orchestra
 Mazandarani Rhapsody, for orchestra
 Theme and Variations
 Sinfonietta
 Three Songs of Sa'di, for soprano and orchestra
 Fantasy and Fugue, for string orchestra
 Concerto Grosso, for piano and string orchestra
 Flute Concerto
 Clarinet Concerto
 Sougue, elegy for orchestra
 Nouveau rivage and La Nuit éternelle, two orchestral pieces after the poem "Le Lac" of Alphonse de Lamartine. Chamber music
 6 string quartets
 3 wind trios
 Duo for Violin and Viola
 Divertimento for Saxophone Quartet (published, Chicago: Leblanc Music Publishers, 1966)
 Piano Quintet
 Partita for Wind Quintet

Piano music
 Theme and Variations
 Persian Suite (4 pieces)
 2 Sonatas
 Four Suites
 Four Concert Études
 24 Essays
 Five Bagatelles

Vocal music
 Two Songs on Poems by Sa'di, for soprano, violin and harp (1957)
 Be Yad-e Neyshapur [In Memory of Neyshapur]; a "chain" of seven songs on Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (1959)
 Three Persian Songs, for soprano, flute, cello and piano (1962)
 several pieces for a cappella choir

Motion picture scores
Scores for feature films by prominent Iranian film directors Dariush Mehrjui: Gaav (The Cow, 1969), Postchi (Postman), and Aagha-ye Haaloo (Mr. Naive, 1970); and Nasser Taghvai: Aaraamesh dar hozoor-e digaraan (Tranquility in the Presence of Others, 1972); and Saadegh Kordeh (Sadeq the Kurdish, 1973). In 1970, Farhat was awarded The Golden Plaque for Best Music for the score of Mehrjui's internationally acclaimed film Gaav. Selected publications
Books:
 The Traditional Art Music of Iran (Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Arts Press, 1973).Present Past: Notes from the Life of a Persian/American Composer in Ireland. Ibex Publishers, Bethesda, 2018. Rhapsody Mazandarani for Orchestra (Amsterdam: Persian Dutch Network, 2020). Persian Translations:

 Counterpoint by Kent Kennan (Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 1974). Dastgah dar Musiqi-ye Irani (a Persian translation by Mehdi Pur-Mohammad of "The Dastgah Concept in Persian Music") (Tehran: Part Press, 2002). Articles
 "Old and New Values in Changing Cultural Patterns", in Iran: Past, Present and Future (Aspen Institute, 1976). 64 articles in the Persian encyclopaedia Daerattomaaref (Tehran: -e Farsi, 1976).The article on Iran in the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (London: MacMillan, 1980). "Scales and Intervals: Theory and Practice", in Irish Musical Studies, ed. Gerard Gillen and Harry White (Blackrock Co. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1990). Ten articles in Encyclopaedia Iranica, ed. E. Yarshater. "Western Influences on Persian Music", in Muzikolski Zbornik (Musicological Annual) XVII (Ljubljana, 1991). "The Evolution of Style and Content in Performance Practices of Persian Traditional Music", in: Muzikoloski Zbornik (Musicological Annual) XXXIII (Ljubljana, 1997).7 articles in the second edition of the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (London: MacMillan, 2001). References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links
 String Quartet No. 2 by <mask> <mask>
 An Interview with <mask> <mask> (Video: BBC Persian TV)
 A Tribute to <mask> <mask> Foss
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
University of Tehran faculty

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Hormoz Farhat
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<mask> (born March 11, 1985) is an American journalist and activist. As a journalist, she has worked for the Russian state-owned international news agency Sputnik (2015–2017), and far-right American conspiracy theory websites Big League Politics (2017), The Gateway Pundit (2017–present) and Timcast (2021–present). A one-time supporter of Bernie Sanders, <mask> has received attention for her political transformation to a supporter of Donald Trump. As an activist, she is best known for "Find the Dancing Man," her 2015 social media campaign against fat shaming, and for helping to organize the DeploraBall in Washington, D.C. to celebrate the 2017 inauguration of President Donald Trump. In 2020, <mask> submitted evidence to the legal team defending WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange in his London extradition hearing. Early life
<mask> grew up in a small town in central Massachusetts, an hour from Boston. She is of Puerto Rican descent on her mother's side, and has stated to have roots in Catalonia.After high school, she enrolled at the University of Massachusetts Amherst to study physics, but dropped out after a few months. Moving to California, she attended the Los Angeles Recording School and became a sound engineer. In that capacity, she traveled the country, working for bands in what Cosmopolitan calls "the Warped Tour vein." Activism
<mask>'s activism began with Greenpeace environmentalism, followed by animal rights protests at SeaWorld and circuses. In 2013, she took part in the hacktivist collective Anonymous and helped run a popular Anonymous Twitter account. By then living in Pittsburgh, she traveled to Ohio and helped organize the outcry over the Steubenville High School rape case. In 2015, <mask> spent several months with Black Lives Matter in Ferguson, Missouri, amid civil unrest stemming from the 2014 fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer.Social media

In 2015, photos posted on the anonymous chat board 4chan created what the BBC called one of the year's "biggest internet sensations" by showing an obese, 47-year-old Englishman dancing exuberantly at a concert. "Spotted this specimen trying to dance the other week," the caption read. "He stopped when he saw us laughing." Incensed at the fat shaming, <mask> launched a social media campaign to "Find the Dancing Man". With a friend, <mask> created a GoFundMe account to locate the man and fly him to Los Angeles for a celebrity-packed party with 1,000 guests at Avalon Hollywood, one of L.A.'s hottest clubs. The viral campaign raised $70,000 for anti-bullying and positive body image charities in the U.S. and UK. Shift to right

In 2016, <mask> "underwent something of a political transformation," according to BBC News.Having begun the year as a supporter of Hillary Clinton's main rival within the Democratic Party, Vermont U.S. Senator Bernie Sanders, <mask> was by fall rallying her 70K Twitter followers to support Donald Trump. In an October 2016 episode of BBC Television's Panorama, <mask> said, "I'm going to be voting for Donald Trump. I think that Hillary Clinton is a terribly dangerous person." Cosmopolitan subsequently named her a leader in the defiant Deplorable movement, alluding to a campaign speech by Hillary Clinton. In January 2017, <mask> was one of the organizers of the DeploraBall, an unofficial inaugural ball at Washington's National Press Club to celebrate Trump's victory. In 2020,  <mask> claimed that trespassers set upon her house during on the night of May 31, pounding on windows, detonating fireworks directed towards her residence, and shooting firearms; she blamed Antifa for the incident.A supporter set up a GoFundMe campaign to help with moving costs, which accrued over $24,000. Right Wing Watch published a report contradicting <mask>'s claims, citing "conversations with eight of Fairbanks' nearby neighbors," "nonexistent coverage in local press," and a report obtained from the Metropolitan Police Department—all of which corroborated only the claim that fireworks were detonated approximately 100 feet away and no gunshots were fired. Writing career
<mask>'s writing career began in 2014 as an outgrowth of her activism. At the Free Thought Project, she reported mostly about police brutality. In 2015 she wrote for PINAC News, continuing to chronicle controversial policing around the United States. That summer, she live streamed her own arrest while covering anti-police brutality protests on Interstate 70 in St. Louis. Also in 2015, <mask> was hired as a reporter for the Russian state-funded international news agency Sputnik, and moved to Washington, D.C., for the position.In early 2016, while still with Sputnik, <mask> also wrote 10 bylined articles for Teen Vogue. While working for Sputnik, <mask> was often a target of conspiracy theories by Louise Mensch; <mask> filed a complaint with the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center against Mensch for cyber stalking and harassment. In April 2017, <mask> and Mike Cernovich posed for a photo behind the lectern in the White House briefing room, each making an OK gesture at the camera. According to Britain's The Independent, this "sparked outcry on social media" because the hand sign can symbolize white power. <mask> denied the gesture was racist, citing her partial Puerto Rican ancestry (her mother is from San Juan). After journalist Emma Roller tweeted the photo, which she captioned "just two people doing a white power hand gesture in the White House," <mask> sued in federal court alleging defamation. A year later, the court found that <mask> failed to show that Roller posted the image with actual malice.Upon leaving Sputnik, <mask> spent April–November 2017 as a senior reporter at Big League Politics. In December 2017, <mask> became the Washington bureau chief for The Gateway Pundit. In 2021, American citizen journalist Tim Pool hired <mask> to run his website. WikiLeaks
In October 2017, <mask> wrote a story for Big League Politics about Julian Assange. In January 2020, National Public Radio subpoenaed <mask> seeking documents and electronically stored information relating to her conversations with Assange, among others, including journalists. The subpoena was part of a defamation lawsuit against NPR by Texas money manager Ed Butowsky. <mask>'s attorney responded that since the subpoena requested work product protected under the District of Columbia's reporter shield law, "no documents or other things will be produced pursuant to the subpoena."On February 24, 2020, Politico reported that <mask> had submitted evidence to the legal team defending Assange in his London extradition hearing. The evidence consists of screenshots and recorded phone calls spanning October 2018 – September 2019 that <mask> had with Arthur Schwartz, identified by The New York Times as a "conservative consultant who is a friend and informal adviser to Donald Trump Jr.". On February 27, 2020, The Daily Dot reported that <mask> posted audio of a September 2019 phone call from Schwartz to her in which he stated that Ambassador Grenell "took orders from the president" in brokering Assange's arrest. On September 21, 2020, <mask>'s written statement was read in a London court during extradition proceedings against Assange. She recounted receiving advanced details from Schwartz about U.S. plans to charge Assange in connection with the Manning leaks. The barrister representing the U.S. government questioned the partiality of <mask>, an acknowledged WikiLeaks supporter, and argued that "the truth of what Ms. <mask> was told by Arthur Schwartz was not in her knowledge." <mask> also said when Schwartz phoned her in October 2018, he "was extremely angry" and alluded to her nine-year-old child, "which I perceived as an intimidation tactic."He repeatedly told her, said <mask>, to stop advocating for WikiLeaks and Assange, saying a pardon would not happen. She added that besides informing Assange of all this during her January 2019 visit with him, "I also met with Chelsea Manning in person and told her that I feared they might come after her again." Chelsea Manning
<mask> sent Chelsea Manning personal letters while Manning was in prison. After Manning's release, she and <mask> were on opposing sides in a protest in the Bay Area, though they later met over coffee to converse. In January 2018, <mask> provided a complimentary ticket and VIP wristband for Chelsea Manning to attend "A Night for Freedom" gala for Trump supporters. References

Further reading
 Marantz, Andrew. Antisocial: Online Extremists, Techno-Utopians, and the Hijacking of the American Conversation.Viking, 2019. External links

1985 births
Living people
American activist journalists
American political journalists
American women journalists
American nationalists
Articles containing video clips
Far-right politics in the United States
Hispanic and Latino American women journalists
Journalists from Massachusetts
WikiLeaks
Activists from Pennsylvania
21st-century American women
Right-wing politics in the United States

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Cassandra Fairbanks
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<mask> (born June 25, 1986) is an American former professional soccer player who played as a forward. <mask> set several soccer records at his high school, the Brooks School, before appearing for the Boston College Eagles and the Westchester Flames in college. <mask> signed his first professional contract with Swedish Allsvenskan club Hammarby IF in December 2006 before joining Sochaux in July 2009. <mask> was capped seventeen times for the United States national team between 2007 and 2009, and scored four international goals. On October 13, 2009, <mask> was involved in a serious car crash on the George Washington Parkway that killed a fellow passenger and left <mask> with severe injuries that kept him out of the 2010 World Cup, and effectively ended his international career. Youth and college
Born in New Hampshire, as a child <mask> was encouraged to play soccer and coached by his father <mask>, an immigrant from the Gambia. He attended the Brooks School in North Andover, Massachusetts and graduated in 2004 alongside fellow professional Mike Fucito.While there he set many Brooks scoring records, scoring twenty-nine and thirty goals in his junior and senior seasons, respectively. In his senior campaign, <mask> led Brooks School to a 15–0 league record, and New England Class-A Championship. <mask> also starred in wrestling at Brooks, a 3x New England Prep School Champion while earning National Prep All-American status his sophomore & senior seasons. After prep school <mask> attended Boston College, where he starred for the Eagles for three seasons. His sophomore season was cut short due a knee injury suffered in the first half of the season opener. During his college years he also played with Westchester Flames of the USL Premier Development League, scoring six goals in nine appearances. He was a finalist for the Hermann Trophy in 2006, capping his comeback season.He finished his college career with twenty-four goals and ten assists in thirty-seven games, including fifteen goals in sixteen games his final season. Professional career
Rather than finishing his degree at Boston College, <mask> decided to turn pro after three years of college. He was a well-established professional prospect, and was expected to be a very high MLS draft pick had he chosen to accept the Generation Adidas contract that he was offered. Ultimately, <mask> decided to sign with Nike and try his luck in Europe rather than signing with Major League Soccer. Hammarby
After an unsuccessful trial at Dutch club Ajax, <mask> signed his first professional contract with Allsvenskan club Hammarby IF in December 2006. Although he initially was placed in the starting lineup, he had trouble finishing and spent his first year with the club alternating between being a starter and a substitute. On June 24, 2007, <mask> netted his first goal for the club, which was the decisive goal in Hammarby's match against Faroese club Klaksvik in the first round of the 2007 Intertoto Cup, but he was still unable to score in the Allsvenskan.<mask> credits both his coach, Tony Gustavsson, and Uruguayan star and former Hammarby teammate Sebastián Eguren with guiding his work ethic and attitude through his struggles. In the final match of the 2007 season <mask> broke through and scored a hat-trick against GAIS. The 2008 season was a major breakthrough for <mask>. He scored fourteen goals in twenty-seven games, twenty-five of which were starts. As a result of his strong performance in 2008 there were many rumors regarding his transfer to a larger club elsewhere in Europe, but ultimately nothing materialized, and <mask> returned to Hammarby. The 2009 season began well for <mask>, who scored four goals in the first nine league games. He also scored two extra time goals in a 2009 Swedish Cup match against Åtvidaberg, a ninety-ninth-minute equalizer and the winning goal just before extra time expired, to propel his club to a 3–2 victory in the third round of the tournament.In the ninth league match of the season, however, he was issued a five match suspension after he  elbowed one of his opponents, Örebro defender Michael Almebäck in the face, resulting in a bloody mouth. <mask> subsequently left Sweden to join up with the U.S. national team, marking his last appearance with Hammarby. Sochaux
On July 10, 2009, before returning from his suspension in Sweden, it was announced that <mask> would sign with Ligue 1 club Sochaux. On August 15, in his second game with Sochaux, <mask> came on as a second-half substitute and scored twice; Sochaux ultimately lost the game to Bordeaux, 3–2. However, after only eight appearances with the club, <mask> was seriously injured in a car crash while in the United States. On April 26, 2010, <mask> returned to full training with his club and was finally placed in the gameday roster for the December 19 match against Bordeaux. After having spent 2011 on loan to D.C. United, <mask> returned to Sochaux.He made his first appearance since his accident in a 1–0 loss against Rennes on February 11, 2012. D.C. United
After a ten-day evaluation period with the club during their pre-season, <mask> signed on loan with D.C. United for the 2011 MLS season. <mask> made his debut as a substitute in the 52nd minute, against the Columbus Crew on March 19, 2011 scoring two goals. A week later he scored his third goal in a 2–1 loss against New England, and, as of May 4, led MLS in scoring with six goals scored. On June 24, <mask> was fined $1000 for diving. On September 11, <mask> scored a hat-trick off of three assists from Chris Pontius to beat Chivas USA 3–0 in California. The win put United into tenth place in the standings, the final playoff spot, just above the New York Red Bulls.United announced on December 1, 2011 that they would not exercise its December 1 option to secure  his permanent transfer from Sochaux. After his loan spell at D.C. United, <mask> spoke out about the club's disappointing season and said he was involved in a disagreement with the club's coaching staff. Randers
At the end of the season, <mask> was on the verge of leaving Sochaux after reaching an agreement to terminate the contract with rumors spreading that he was on his way to join AZ and American team-mate Jozy Altidore but this was denied by technical director Earnie Stewart, who insisted that the club had no interest in <mask>. Eventually, <mask> signed for Danish side Randers on a two-year deal. <mask> made his debut for the club, coming on as a substitute, in a 1–0 win over OB on July 22, 2012. He since has yet to make his first start in the league, having played in the third round of Danish Cup in a 2–1 win over Næstved and finished his time there without scoring a goal. New England Revolution
On August 8, 2013, <mask> was loaned to the New England Revolution for the remainder of the 2013 MLS season.In early 2014, <mask> and Randers agreed to terminate his contract, allowing him to join New England on a permanent basis. <mask> was a key part of New England's run to the MLS Cup final in 2014, scoring multiple goals against the Columbus Crew and New York Red Bulls, including the decisive goal in Leg 2 against the Red Bulls that gave New England an aggregate victory of 4–3. At the conclusion of the 2015 MLS season, <mask> was named the Midnight Riders Man of the Year after scoring 10 goals for the Revolution. Philadelphia Union
On August 3, 2016, New England traded <mask> and a third-round pick in the 2018 MLS SuperDraft to Philadelphia Union in exchange for a first-round pick in the 2018 SuperDraft, general allocation money, and targeted allocation money. <mask> was waived from the Union at the conclusion of the 2017 season. <mask> announced his retirement from playing soccer on March 2, 2018.

International

Youth
<mask> played ten games, mostly as a substitute, for the United States U-20 men's national soccer team, but did not make the roster for the 2005 FIFA World Youth Championship. He was the last player cut from the Youth Championship roster.However, the U-20 team would include him in the roster for the Elite Milk Cup competition a month later. He led the team to the final where he scored a hat trick, making him the MVP of the competition and giving the U.S. its first Milk Cup success. <mask> next focused on the under-23 national team as his next target for international play. He later trained and played with the team, eventually making the roster for the men's tournament at the 2008 Summer Olympics. As a member of the United States men's Olympic team he made only one appearance in the three games the United States team played at the Olympics. He came on as a substitute in the team's last match against Nigeria, where he nearly tied the match when his header rang off the crossbar in the waning moments, which would have sent the team through to the knockout rounds had it gone into the net. Senior
He made his debut for the senior national team on June 2, 2007, as a substitute in a 4–1 friendly victory over China in San Jose, California.Later that summer he was a part of the squad that took part in the 2007 Copa América in Venezuela. On October 15, 2008, he scored his first national team goal in a 2–1 loss to Trinidad and Tobago during the third round of CONCACAF qualifying for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. He added his second national team goal against Egypt in the final group stage game of the 2009 Confederations Cup. In the following game against Spain, <mask> was involved in his strike partner Jozy Altidore's opening goal. On August 12, 2009, <mask> scored the opening goal in a 2–1 loss to Mexico in Mexico City, becoming only the fourth American to score against Mexico in the Azteca Stadium. <mask> was left off the U.S. roster for the 2010 FIFA World Cup after he was not cleared medically by his French club team, Sochaux. Personal life and health problems

Automobile crash
On October 13, 2009, <mask>, who was in Washington, D.C. for a World Cup Qualifier game against Costa Rica, was a passenger in an SUV that went out of control on the George Washington Parkway and struck a metal railing at about 3:15 a.m., tearing the vehicle in half.The crash shut down the George Washington Parkway until 8:15 a.m. that morning. The crash killed a 22-year-old woman who was in the car with <mask>, while <mask> himself suffered a lacerated bladder, fractured right tibia and femur, a fractured elbow, multiple facial fractures, and bleeding on the brain. In an interview with ESPN's Jeremy Schaap on December 4, <mask> said that he expected to be running by March and would be fit to play at the World Cup. On January 25, 2010, ESPNsoccernet reported <mask> was jogging and hoped to return to Sochaux by April. <mask> returned to France to complete his rehabilitation with his club on February 17, 2010, with plans to commence full team training within a month. He resumed light training with the club on March 22. On May 11, it was announced by coach Bob Bradley that <mask> would not be on the preliminary national team roster for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, as Sochaux had not cleared him medically.Two years after the crash <mask> filed a $20 million lawsuit against Das Enterprises, which operates the Shadow Room, and Red Bull North America, which hosted the private event at which alcohol was served. The parents of the woman killed in the crash also filed suit against the nightclub owner and Red Bull in U.S. District Court in Alexandria, Virginia. Cancer diagnosis
In the Spring of 2016, <mask> was diagnosed with liposarcoma. Career statistics

Club
Statistics accurate as of 22 December 2021.

International
International goals

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Manchester, New Hampshire
African-American soccer players
Association football forwards
American soccer players
Boston College Eagles men's soccer players
Westchester Flames players
Hammarby Fotboll players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
D.C. United players
Randers FC players
New England Revolution players
Philadelphia Union players
Philadelphia Union II players
USL League Two players
Allsvenskan players
Ligue 1 players
Major League Soccer players
Danish Superliga players
USL Championship players
American expatriate soccer players
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Olympic soccer players of the United States
United States men's international soccer players
2007 Copa América players
Footballers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
2009 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2009 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Expatriate footballers in France
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Soccer players from New Hampshire
American people of Gambian descent
United States men's under-20 international soccer players
United States men's under-23 international soccer players
Brooks School alumni
All-American men's college soccer players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Charles Desmond Davies
Davies
Davies
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Kofi Davies
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<mask> (born July 16, 1951) is an American businessman and engineer who is the co-creator, with Bob Frankston, of the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. He also founded Software Garden, Inc., of which he is currently president, and Trellix. which he left in 2004. He currently serves as the chief technology officer of Alpha Software. His book, Bricklin on Technology, was published by Wiley in May 2009. For his work with VisiCalc, <mask> is often referred to as “the father of the Spreadsheet.”

Early life and education
<mask> was born in a Jewish family in Philadelphia, where he attended Akiba Hebrew Academy. He began his college as a mathematics major, but soon switched to computer science.He earned a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1973, where he was a resident of Bexley Hall. Upon graduating from MIT, <mask> worked for Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) where he was part of the team that worked on WPS-8 until 1976, when he began working for FasFax, a cash register manufacturer. In 1977, he returned to education, and was awarded a Master of Business Administration from Harvard University in 1979. While a student at Harvard Business School, <mask> co-developed VisiCalc in 1979, making it the first electronic spreadsheet readily available for home and office use. It ran on an Apple II computer, and was considered a fourth generation software program. VisiCalc is widely credited for fueling the rapid growth of the personal computer industry. Instead of doing financial projections with manually calculated spreadsheets, and having to recalculate with every single cell in the sheet, VisiCalc allowed the user to change any cell, and have the entire sheet automatically recalculated.This could turn 20 hours of work into 15 minutes and allowed for more creativity. Career

Software Arts

In 1979, <mask> and Frankston founded Software Arts, Inc., and began selling VisiCalc, via a separate company named VisiCorp. Along with co-founder Bob Frankston, he started writing versions of the program for the Tandy TRS-80, Commodore PET and the Atari 800. Soon after its launch, VisiCalc became a fast seller at $100. Software Arts also published TK/Solver and "and Spotlight,"a desktop organizer for the I.B.M. Personal Computer." <mask> was awarded the Grace Murray Hopper Award in 1981 for VisiCalc.<mask> could not patent VisiCalc, since software programs were not eligible for patent protection at the time. <mask> was chairman of Software Arts until 1985, the year that Software Arts was acquired by Lotus. He left and founded Software Garden. Software Garden
<mask> founded Software Garden, a small consulting firm and developer of software applications, in 1985. The company's focus was to produce and market “<mask>'s Demo Program”. The program allowed users to create demonstrations of their programs before they were even written, and was also used to create tutorials for Windows-based programs. Other versions released soon after included demo-it!.He remained the president of the company until he co-founded Slate Corporation in 1990. In 1992, he became the vice president of Phoenix-based Slate corporation, and developed At Hand, a pen-based spreadsheet. When Slate closed in 1994, <mask> returned to Software Garden. His "<mask>'s Overall Viewer" (described by The New York Times as "a visual way to display information in Windows-based software") was released in November 1994. Corporation
In 1995 <mask> founded Trellix Corporation, named for Trellix Site Builder. Trellix was bought by Interland (now Web.com) in 2003, and <mask> became Interland's chief technology officer until early 2004. Current work
<mask> continues to serve as president of Software Garden, a small company that develops and markets software tools he creates, as well as providing speaking and consulting services.He has released Note Taker HD, an application that integrates handwritten notes on the Apple iPad tablet. He is also developing wikiCalc, a collaborative, basic spreadsheet running on the Web. He is currently the chief technology officer of Alpha Software in Burlington, Massachusetts, a company that creates tools to easily develop cross-platform mobile business applications. Affiliations
In 1994, <mask> was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. He is a founding trustee of the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council and has served on the boards of the Software Publishers Association and the Boston Computer Society. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2003 for the invention and creation of the electronic spreadsheet. Awards
In 1981, <mask> was given a Grace Murray Hopper Award for VisiCalc.In 1996, <mask> was awarded by the IEEE Computer Society with the Computer Entrepreneur Award for pioneering the development and commercialization of the spreadsheet and the profound changes it fostered in business and industry. In 2003, <mask> was given the Wharton Infosys Business Transformation Award for being a technology change leader. He was recognized for having used information technology in an industry-transforming way. He has received an Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Newbury College. He also became a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 2004, he was made a Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for advancing the utility of personal computers by developing the VisiCalc electronic spreadsheet." <mask>:
 appeared in the 1996 documentary Triumph of the Nerds, as well as the 2005 documentary Aardvark'd: 12 Weeks with Geeks, in both cases discussing the development of VisiCalc.introduced the term "friend-to-friend networking" on August 11, 2000.
 also introduced the term cornucopia of the commons about the same time. References

External links
 <mask> interview on lowendmac.com
 Bricklin.com

 I'm working on a new product called wikiCalc, from <mask>'s weblog on November 9, 2005, introducing wikiCalc
 This page has a link to <mask>'s interview conducted by Robert Cringely
 Bricklin On Technology book
 TED Talk – "<mask>lin: Meet the inventor of the electronic spreadsheet"
 TEDx Talk – "A Problem That Changed The World | <mask> | TEDxBeaconStreet"

1951 births
Living people
20th-century American Jews
American electrical engineers
American computer businesspeople
American computer programmers
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Grace Murray Hopper Award laureates
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Harvard Business School alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
Jack M. Barrack Hebrew Academy alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
American chief technology officers
Engineers from Pennsylvania
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Daniel Singer Bricklin
Bricklin
Bricklin
Bricklin
Bricklin
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Dan Bricklin
Dan Bricklin
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Dan Bricklin


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<mask> (; born 3 August 1987) is a Chilean professional footballer who plays for Italian club Bologna and the Chile national team as a centre-back and a defensive midfielder. <mask> has played club football with several teams in numerous countries, starting out with Chilean side Universidad Católica, and later playing for Argentine side Boca Juniors, Spanish side Sevilla, Premier League side Cardiff City, and Italian side Inter Milan, before moving to Beşiktaş in Turkey in 2017. He then moved back to Italy and joined Bologna in 2019. A full Chilean international with over 140 caps since 2007, <mask> has represented the nation at two FIFA World Cups, five Copa América tournaments, and one edition of the FIFA Confederations Cup. He was part of the squad that won the 2015 Copa América (where he was named in the Team of the tournament) and the Copa América Centenario. He was also included in the squads that finished fourth at the 2019 Copa América, and were runners-up at the 2017 Confederations Cup. Club career

Early career in South America
<mask> joined Universidad Católica at the age of 12.His youth team coach Mario Lepe put his name forward to join the senior ranks. On 20 July 2009, he joined Boca Juniors on an initial loan for US$300,000 with the option to buy for $2.5 million, with Damián Díaz being sent in the opposite direction. <mask> said of the move "This is a dream come true. It is a very important club, and one which has players which I admire a lot, Juan Román Riquelme, Martín Palermo and Sebastián Battaglia. He is my idol and has me very happy to play by his side". <mask> scored both goals in a 2–0 win in the Superclásico against River Plate on 25 March 2010. Before he joined Sevilla, his farewell match with Boca was a friendly against River in Mar del Plata.He came on in the 77th minute of the 2–0 win. Sevilla

Medel joined Sevilla for €3 million on 28 January 2011, on a -year contract, on the same day as the club also signed Ivan Rakitić for their central midfield. He said "I am happy to be here, I hope that everything goes well. I'm a player who puts a lot into my heart on the pitch, I hope that with my playing that I can contribute to Sevilla". On 12 February, he made his La Liga debut, playing all 90 minutes of a 2–3 away defeat at Racing Santander. He helped Sevilla to a 1–1 draw against FC Barcelona at home on 12 March, clearing the ball off the line twice, the second on an attempt by Lionel Messi. Cardiff City
On 11 August 2013, Cardiff City confirmed that they had signed <mask> from Sevilla for a club record £11 million fee on a four-year deal.He made his debut for the club on 17 August, in a 2–0 defeat against West Ham United. He made his home debut at the Cardiff City Stadium on 25 August, in a 3–2 win against Manchester City. <mask> played all 90 minutes and received the fans' man of the match award. Inter Milan
After Cardiff's relegation, <mask> joined Italian club Inter Milan for a reported £10 million fee on 9 August 2014. The fee, which was £1 million less than what Cardiff had signed <mask> for, was criticised by former striker Nathan Blake, but was justified by Cardiff manager Ole Gunnar Solskjær. <mask> made his Serie A debut for Inter on 31 August as they began the season with a goalless draw at Torino, playing the full 90 minutes. On 31 October 2015, <mask> scored his first goal for Inter to give the Nerazzurri a 1–0 victory over Scudetto rivals Roma at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza.On 23 October 2016, in the 2–1 away defeat at Atalanta, <mask> hit Jasmin Kurtić in the face with his left arm, an incident that was not spotted by the referee. A day later, however, he was banned for three league games by Lega Serie A after examining TV images. On 20 November 2016, in the Derby della Madonnina against cross-town rivals A.C. Milan, <mask> played as centre-back for 37 minutes before replaced by Jeison Murillo due to a knee injury. Following the match, which ended in a 2–2 draw, it was confirmed that <mask> had damaged his lateral meniscus and would be sidelined until January 2017. <mask> returned on action on 28 January by playing in Inter's 3–0 home defeat of Pescara. Later on 12 March, he made his 100th Inter appearances as Nerazzurri shattered Atalanta with a 7–1 home win. Beşiktaş
On 11 August 2017, <mask> signed for Turkish Süper Lig champions Beşiktaş for a reported €3 million.He signed a three-year contract. Bologna
On 29 August 2019, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Serie A club Bologna for a reported fee of €2.5 million. He debuted for Bologna against rivals SPAL on 30 August 2019.

International career

U20 and early senior career
In March 2007, <mask> made his international debut for Chile in a friendly against Argentina. Later that year, he played a key role in Chile's third-place finish in the U-20 World Cup held in Canada. He was sent off in the semi-final match against Argentina, when he kicked Gabriel Mercado in the 24th minute and was suspended for the third-place play-off. <mask> claimed that he was tasered by police after the match. He made his competitive debut for Chile in the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification match against Bolivia in a 2–0 victory at the Estadio Hernando Siles in La Paz, scoring both goals, the first being a bicycle kick.<mask> played an important role in Chile's qualification for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, playing as a central defender or right back. He started in the three group-stage matches at the World Cup finals in South Africa, but was suspended for the round of 16 match against Brazil, where la Roja were eliminated. He was named in Chile's squad for the 2011 Copa América, featuring in all three group matches, the first two as a starter. In the quarter-final match against Venezuela in San Juan, Argentina, he was sent off for handball and Chile lost 2–1. 2014 World Cup

<mask> played a key role in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, scoring the goal that secured qualification for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, heading a goal against Ecuador. <mask> captained Chile in a 1–0 friendly defeat to Germany on 5 March 2014. He was one of 23 players who were called up by coach Jorge Sampaoli to play in 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil.<mask> played as a starter alongside Gonzalo Jara in the center of defense, for Chile who beat Australia 3–1 in Cuiabá to get their first three points of the World Cup campaign. He also played a full 90 minutes in second match against the reigning world champions Spain, with Chile getting a historic 2–0 win. Spain's loss sealed the qualification of both Chile and the Netherlands to the knockout stage, and eliminated both Spain and Australia. Spain became the fifth defending champion to be knocked out in the group stage. <mask> played 90 minutes in the final group match against the Netherlands who won 2–0 and won the group, while Chile finished Group B as runner-up with six points. Chile was eliminated in the round of 16 against the same team that eliminated them in last tournament, Brazil, but this time, Brazil advanced to the quarter-finals by winning on penalty shootout. 2015 Copa América
At the 2015 Copa América, held in Chile, <mask> scored during a 5–0 win against Bolivia which ensured that La Roja would progress to the knockout stage as Group A winners.In the semi-final against Peru, he scored an own goal from Luis Advíncula's cross to equalise, but Chile advanced to the final winning 2–1. In the final against Argentina, <mask> played as a starter and helped the team to win the trophy on penalty kicks, after the regular time ended in a goalless draw. <mask> became the fourth most capped player with 80 matches, equaling his defense partner Gonzalo Jara. That was <mask>'s first major trophy with Chile. For his performances he was named in the Team of the tournament. 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup
In June 2017, <mask> was named in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup squad in Chile's first ever participation. On 13 June, in the friendly against Romania, <mask> received a red-card in 33rd minute as Chile slumped into a 3–2 away defeat.It was his fourth red-card with the national team in 99 appearances. He captained Chile in the first two Group B matches against Cameroon and Germany due to Claudio Bravo's injury, also earning his 100th cap in the process, becoming the fourth Chile player to achieve the feat. Then he was rested for the final group match as Chile achieved a second-place which allowed them to go to knockout stage. 2019 Copa América
In the third-place match of the 2019 Copa América against Argentina on 6 July, <mask> was sent off along with Lionel Messi in the 37th minute of play, after being involved in an altercation with the Argentine; Chile lost the match 2–1. Style of play
<mask> usually plays as a defensive midfielder; however, he is also capable of playing as a defender, and has even been deployed as a centre-back throughout his career, as well as in other midfield roles, or even as a right-back. Due to his work-rate, physicality, tenacity, tactical intelligence, and his aggressive, hard-tackling style of play, as well as his leadership on the pitch, he is nicknamed Pitbull. In 2015, manager Roberto Mancini described <mask> as a warrior.Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
Scores and results list Chile's goal tally first. Honours

International
Chile
 Copa América: 2015, 2016

Individual
 Chilean Footballer of the Year: 2008
 Universidad Católica Footballer of the year: 2008
 Team of Copa Libertadores : 2008
 Team of year in South America: 2009
 Copa América Team of the Tournament: 2015, 2016

See also
List of footballers with 100 or more caps

References

External links

 2010 FIFA World Cup profile

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santiago
Chilean footballers
Association football midfielders
Club Deportivo Universidad Católica footballers
Boca Juniors footballers
Sevilla FC players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Inter Milan players
Beşiktaş J.K. footballers
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
Chilean Primera División players
Argentine Primera División players
La Liga players
Premier League players
Serie A players
Süper Lig players
Chile under-20 international footballers
Chile international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2011 Copa América players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
2015 Copa América players
Copa América Centenario players
2017 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2019 Copa América players
2021 Copa América players
Copa América-winning players
FIFA Century Club
Chilean expatriate footballers
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Wales
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Chilean expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Wales
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Supporters of Club Deportivo Universidad Católica

masks:
Gary Alexis Medel Soto
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texts:
<mask> (born Henry McCarty; September 17 or November 23, 1859July 14, 1881), also known by the pseudonym William H. Bonney, was an outlaw and gunfighter of the American Old West, who killed eight men before he was shot and killed at the age of 21. He also fought in New Mexico's Lincoln County War, during which he allegedly committed three murders. McCarty was orphaned at the age of 15. His first arrest was for stealing food, at the age of 16, in late 1875. Ten days later, he robbed a Chinese laundry and was again arrested, but escaped shortly afterwards. He fled from New Mexico Territory into neighboring Arizona Territory, making himself both an outlaw and a federal fugitive. In 1877, McCarty began to call himself "William H. Bonney".Two versions of a wanted poster dated September 23, 1875, refer to him as "Wm. Wright, better known as <mask> <mask>". After killing a blacksmith during an altercation in August 1877, McCarty became a wanted man in Arizona and returned to New Mexico, where he joined a group of cattle rustlers. He became well known in the region when he joined the Regulators and took part in the Lincoln County War of 1878. McCarty and two other Regulators were later charged with killing three men, including Lincoln County Sheriff William J. Brady and one of his deputies. McCarty's notoriety grew in December 1880 when the Las Vegas Gazette, in Las Vegas, New Mexico, and The Sun, in New York City, carried stories about his crimes. Sheriff Pat Garrett captured McCarty later that month.In April 1881, McCarty was tried for and convicted of Brady's murder, and was sentenced to hang in May of that year. He escaped from jail on April 28, killing two sheriff's deputies in the process and evading capture for more than two months. Garrett shot and killed McCarty, by then age 21, in Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881. During the following decades, legends grew that McCarty had survived, and a number of men claimed to be him. <mask> <mask> remains one of the most notorious figures from the era, whose life and likeness have been frequently dramatized in Western popular culture. Early life
Henry McCarty was born to parents of Irish Catholic ancestry, <mask> () and Patrick McCarty, in New York City. While his birth year has been confirmed as 1859, the exact date of his birth has been disputed as either September 17 or November 23 of that year.A letter from an official of Saint Peter's Church in Manhattan states it is in possession of records showing McCarty was baptized there on September 28, 1859. Census records indicate his younger brother, Joseph McCarty, was born in 1863. Following the death of her husband Patrick, <mask> and her sons moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where she met William Henry Harrison Antrim. The McCarty family moved with Antrim to Wichita, Kansas, in 1870. After moving again a few years later, <mask> married Antrim on March 1, 1873, at the First Presbyterian Church in Santa Fe, New Mexico Territory; McCarty and his brother Joseph were witnesses to the ceremony. Shortly afterward, the family moved from Santa Fe to Silver City, New Mexico, and Joseph McCarty began using the name Joseph Antrim. Shortly before McCarty's mother, <mask>, died of tuberculosis, then called "consumption", on September 16, 1874, William Antrim abandoned the McCarty boys, leaving them orphans.First crimes

McCarty was 15 years old when his mother died. Sarah Brown, the owner of a boarding house, gave him room and board in exchange for work. On September 16, 1875, McCarty was caught stealing food. Ten days later, McCarty and George Schaefer robbed a Chinese laundry, stealing clothing and two pistols. McCarty was charged with theft and was jailed. He escaped two days later and became a fugitive, as reported in the Silver City Herald the next day, the first story published about him. McCarty located his stepfather and stayed with him until Antrim threw him out; McCarty stole clothing and guns from him.It was the last time the two saw each other. After leaving Antrim, McCarty traveled to southeastern Arizona Territory, where he worked as a ranch hand and gambled his wages in nearby gaming houses. In 1876, he was hired as a ranch hand by well-known rancher Henry Hooker. During this time, McCarty became acquainted with John R. Mackie, a Scottish-born criminal and former U.S. Cavalry private who, following his discharge, remained near the U.S. Army post at Camp Grant in Arizona. The two men soon began stealing horses from local soldiers. McCarty became known as "<mask>" because of his youth, slight build, clean-shaven appearance, and personality. On August 17, 1877, McCarty was at a saloon in the village of Bonita when he got into an argument with Francis P. "Windy" Cahill, a blacksmith who reportedly had bullied McCarty and on more than one occasion called him a "pimp".McCarty in turn called Cahill a "son of a bitch", whereupon Cahill threw McCarty to the floor and the two struggled for McCarty's revolver. McCarty shot and mortally wounded Cahill. A witness said, "[<mask>] had no choice; he had to use his equalizer." Cahill died the following day. McCarty fled but returned a few days later and was apprehended by Miles Wood, the local justice of the peace. McCarty was detained and held in the Camp Grant guardhouse but escaped before law enforcement could arrive. McCarty stole a horse and fled Arizona Territory for New Mexico Territory, but Apaches took the horse from him, leaving him to walk many miles to the nearest settlement.At Fort Stanton in the Pecos Valley, McCarty—starving and near death—went to the home of friend and Seven Rivers Warriors gang member John Jones, whose mother Barbara nursed him back to health. After regaining his health, McCarty went to Apache Tejo, a former army post, where he joined a band of rustlers who raided herds owned by cattle magnate John Chisum in Lincoln County. After McCarty was spotted in Silver City, his involvement with the gang was mentioned in a local newspaper. At some point in 1877, McCarty began to refer to himself by the name "William H. Bonney". Lincoln County War

Prelude

After returning to New Mexico, McCarty worked as a cowboy for English businessman and rancher John Henry Tunstall (1853–1878), near the Rio Felix, a tributary of the Rio Grande, in Lincoln County. Tunstall and his business partner and lawyer Alexander McSween were opponents of an alliance formed by Irish-American businessmen Lawrence Murphy, James Dolan, and John Riley. The three men had wielded an economic and political hold over Lincoln County since the early 1870s, due in part to their ownership of a beef contract with nearby Fort Stanton and a well-patronized dry goods store in the town of Lincoln.By February 1878, McSween owed $8,000 to Dolan, who obtained a court order and asked Lincoln County Sheriff William J. Brady to attach nearly $40,000 worth of Tunstall's property and livestock. Tunstall put Bonney in charge of nine prime horses and told him to relocate them to his ranch for safekeeping. Meanwhile, Sheriff Brady assembled a large posse to seize Tunstall's cattle. On February 18, 1878, Tunstall learned of the posse's presence on his land and rode out to intervene. During the encounter, one member of the posse shot Tunstall in the chest, knocking him off his horse. Another posse member took Tunstall's gun and killed him with a shot to the back of his head. Tunstall's murder ignited the conflict between the two factions that became known as the Lincoln County War.Build-up
After Tunstall was killed, McCarty and Dick Brewer swore affidavits against Brady and those in his posse, and obtained murder warrants from Lincoln County justice of the peace John B. Wilson. On February 20, 1878, while attempting to arrest Brady, the sheriff and his deputies found and arrested McCarty and two other men riding with him. Deputy U.S. Marshal Robert Widenmann, a friend of McCarty, and a detachment of soldiers captured Sheriff Brady's jail guards, put them behind bars, and released McCarty and Brewer. McCarty then joined the Lincoln County Regulators; on March 9 they captured Frank Baker and William Morton, both of whom were accused of killing Tunstall. Baker and Morton were killed while allegedly trying to escape. On April 1, the Regulators ambushed Sheriff Brady and his deputies; McCarty was wounded in the thigh during the battle.Brady and Deputy Sheriff George W. Hindman were killed. On the morning of April 4, 1878, Buckshot Roberts and Dick Brewer were killed during a shootout at Blazer's Mill. Warrants were issued for several participants on both sides, and McCarty and two others were charged with killing Brady, Hindman and Roberts. Battle of Lincoln (1878)

On the night of Sunday, July 14, McSween and the Regulators—now a group of fifty or sixty men—went to Lincoln and stationed themselves in the town among several buildings. At the McSween residence were McCarty, Florencio Chavez, Jose Chavez y Chavez, Jim French, Harvey Morris, Tom O'Folliard, and Yginio Salazar, among others. Another group led by Marin Chavez and Doc Scurlock positioned themselves on the roof of a saloon. Henry Newton Brown, Dick Smith, and George Coe defended a nearby adobe bunkhouse.On Tuesday, July 16, newly appointed sheriff George Peppin sent sharpshooters to kill the McSween defenders at the saloon. Peppin's men retreated when one of the snipers, Charles Crawford, was killed by Fernando Herrera. Peppin then sent a request for assistance to Colonel Nathan Dudley, commandant of nearby Fort Stanton. In a reply to Peppin, Dudley refused to intervene but later arrived in Lincoln with troops, turning the battle in favor of the Murphy-Dolan faction. A shooting war broke out on Friday, July 19. McSween's supporters gathered inside his house; when Buck Powell and Deputy Sheriff Jack Long set fire to the building, the occupants began shooting. McCarty and the other men fled the building when all rooms but one were burning.During the confusion, Alexander McSween was shot and killed by Robert W. Beckwith, who was then shot and killed by McCarty. Outlaw

McCarty and three other survivors of the Battle of Lincoln were near the Mescalero Indian Agency when the agency bookkeeper, Morris Bernstein, was murdered on August 5, 1878. All four were indicted for the murder, despite conflicting evidence that Bernstein had been killed by Constable Atanacio Martinez. All of the indictments, except McCarty's, were later quashed. On October 5, 1878, U.S. Marshal John Sherman informed newly appointed Territorial Governor and former Union Army general Lew Wallace that he held warrants for several men, including "William H. Antrim, alias <mask>, alias Bonny" but was unable to execute them "owing to the disturbed condition of affairs in that county, resulting from the acts of a desperate class of men." Wallace issued an amnesty proclamation on November 13, 1878, which pardoned anyone involved in the Lincoln County War since Tunstall's murder.It specifically excluded persons who had been convicted of or indicted for a crime, and therefore excluded McCarty. On February 18, 1879, McCarty and friend Tom O'Folliard were in Lincoln and watched as attorney Huston Chapman was shot and his corpse set on fire. According to eyewitnesses, the pair were innocent bystanders forced at gunpoint by Jesse Evans to witness the murder. McCarty wrote to Governor Wallace on March 13, 1879, with an offer to provide information on the Chapman murder in exchange for amnesty. On March 15, Governor Wallace replied, agreeing to a secret meeting to discuss the situation. McCarty met with Wallace in Lincoln on March 17, 1879. During the meeting and in subsequent correspondence, Wallace promised McCarty protection from his enemies and clemency if he would offer his testimony to a grand jury.On March 20, Wallace wrote to McCarty, "to remove all suspicion of understanding, I think it better to put the arresting party in charge of Sheriff Kimbrell [sic] who shall be instructed to see that no violence is used." McCarty responded on the same day, agreeing to testify and confirming Wallace's proposal for his arrest and detention in a local jail to assure his safety. On March 21, McCarty let himself be captured by a posse led by Sheriff George Kimball of Lincoln County. As agreed, McCarty provided a statement about Chapman's murder and testified in court. However, after McCarty's testimony, the local district attorney refused to set him free. Still in custody several weeks later, McCarty began to suspect Wallace had used subterfuge and would never grant him amnesty. McCarty escaped from the Lincoln County jail on June 17, 1879.McCarty avoided further violence until January 10, 1880, when he shot and killed Joe Grant, a newcomer to the area, at Hargrove's Saloon in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. The Santa Fe Weekly New Mexican reported, "<mask>, more extensively known as '<mask> Kid,' shot and killed Joe Grant. The origin of the difficulty was not learned." According to other contemporary sources, McCarty had been warned Grant intended to kill him. He walked up to Grant, told him he admired his revolver, and asked to examine it. Grant handed it over. Before returning the pistol, which he noticed contained only three cartridges, McCarty positioned the cylinder so the next hammer fall would land on an empty chamber.Grant suddenly pointed his pistol at McCarty's face and pulled the trigger. When it failed to fire, McCarty drew his own weapon and shot Grant in the head. A reporter for the Las Vegas Optic quoted McCarty as saying the encounter "was a game of two and I got there first." In 1880, McCarty formed a friendship with a rancher named Jim Greathouse, who later introduced him to Dave Rudabaugh. On November 29, 1880, McCarty, Rudabaugh, and <mask> ran from a posse led by sheriff's deputy James Carlysle. Cornered at Greathouse's

masks:
Billy the Kid
Billy the
Kid
Billy the
Kid
Catherine
Catherine McCarty
Catherine
Catherine
Kid Antrim
Billy
Kid
Billy Bonney
the
Billy Wilson


texts:
 ranch, McCarty told the posse they were holding Greathouse as a hostage. Carlysle offered to exchange places with Greathouse, and McCarty accepted the offer.Carlysle later attempted to escape by jumping through a window but he was shot three times and killed. The shootout ended in a standoff; the posse withdrew and McCarty, Rudabaugh, and Wilson rode away. A few weeks after the Greathouse incident, McCarty, Rudabaugh, Wilson, O'Folliard, Charlie Bowdre, and Tom Pickett rode into Fort Sumner. Unbeknownst to McCarty and his companions, a posse led by Pat Garrett was waiting for them. The posse opened fire, killing O'Folliard; the rest of the outlaws escaped unharmed. Capture and escape

On December 13, 1880, Governor Wallace posted a $500 bounty for McCarty's capture. Pat Garrett continued his search for McCarty; on December 23, following the siege in which Bowdre was killed, Garrett and his posse captured McCarty along with Pickett, Rudabaugh, and Wilson at Stinking Springs.The prisoners, including McCarty, were shackled and taken to Fort Sumner, then later to Las Vegas, New Mexico. When they arrived on December 26, they were met by crowds of curious onlookers. The following day, an armed mob gathered at the train depot before the prisoners, who were already on board the train with Garrett, departed for Santa Fe. Deputy Sheriff Romero, backed by the angry group of men, demanded custody of Dave Rudabaugh, who during an unsuccessful escape attempt on April 5, 1880 shot and killed deputy Antonio Lino Valdez in the process. Garrett refused to surrender the prisoner, and a tense confrontation ensued until he agreed to let the sheriff and two other men accompany the party to Santa Fe, where they would petition the governor to release Rudabaugh to them. In a later interview with a reporter, McCarty said he was unafraid during the incident, saying, "if I only had my Winchester I'd lick the whole crowd." The Las Vegas Gazette ran a story from a jailhouse interview following McCarty's capture; when the reporter said Bonney appeared relaxed, he replied, "What's the use of looking on the gloomy side of everything?The laugh's on me this time." During his short career as an outlaw, McCarty was the subject of numerous U.S. newspaper articles, some as far away as New York. After arriving in Santa Fe, McCarty, seeking clemency, sent Governor Wallace four letters over the next three months. Wallace refused to intervene, and McCarty went to trial in April 1881 in Mesilla, New Mexico. Following two days of testimony, McCarty was found guilty of Sheriff Brady's murder; it was the only conviction secured against any of the combatants in the Lincoln County War. On April 13, Judge Warren Bristol sentenced McCarty to hang, with his execution scheduled for May 13, 1881. According to legend, upon sentencing, the judge told McCarty he was going to hang until he was "dead, dead, dead"; McCarty's response was, "you can go to hell, hell, hell."According to the historical record, he did not speak after the reading of his sentence. Following his sentencing, McCarty was moved to Lincoln, where he was held under guard on the top floor of the town courthouse. On the evening of April 28, 1881, while Garrett was in White Oaks collecting taxes, Deputy Bob Olinger took five other prisoners across the street for a meal, leaving James Bell, another deputy, alone with McCarty at the jail. McCarty asked to be taken outside to use the outhouse behind the courthouse; on their return to the jail, McCarty—who was walking ahead of Bell up the stairs to his cell—hid around a blind corner, slipped out of his handcuffs, and beat Bell with the loose end of the cuffs. During the ensuing scuffle, McCarty grabbed Bell's revolver and fatally shot him in the back as Bell tried to get away. McCarty, with his legs still shackled, broke into Garrett's office and took a loaded shotgun left behind by Olinger. McCarty waited at the upstairs window for Olinger to respond to the gunshot that killed Bell and called out to him, "Look up, old boy, and see what you get."When Olinger looked up, Bonney shot and killed him. After about an hour, McCarty freed himself from the leg irons with an axe. He obtained a horse and rode out of town; according to some stories he was singing as he left Lincoln. Recapture and death
While McCarty was on the run, Governor Wallace placed a new $500 bounty on the fugitive's head. Almost three months after his escape, Garrett, responding to rumors that McCarty was in the vicinity of Fort Sumner, left Lincoln with two deputies on July 14, 1881, to question resident Pete Maxwell, a friend of McCarty's. Maxwell, son of land baron Lucien Maxwell, spoke with Garrett the same day for several hours. Around midnight, the pair sat in Maxwell's darkened bedroom when McCarty unexpectedly entered.Accounts vary as to the course of events. According to the canonical version, as he entered the room, McCarty failed to recognize Garrett due to the poor lighting. Drawing his revolver and backing away, McCarty asked "¿Quién es? ¿Quién es?" (Spanish for "Who is it? Who is it?"). Recognizing McCarty's voice, Garrett drew his revolver and fired twice.The first bullet struck McCarty in the chest just above his heart, while the second missed. Garrett’s account leaves it unclear whether McCarty was killed instantly or took some time to die. A few hours after the shooting, a local justice of the peace assembled a coroner's jury of six people. The jury members interviewed Maxwell and Garrett, and McCarty's body and the location of the shooting were examined. The jury certified the body as McCarty's and, according to a local newspaper, the jury foreman said, "It was the <mask>'s body that we examined." McCarty was given a wake by candlelight; he was buried the next day and his grave was denoted with a wooden marker. Five days after McCarty's killing, Garrett traveled to Santa Fe, New Mexico, to collect the $500 reward offered by Governor Lew Wallace for his capture, dead or alive.William G. Ritch, the acting New Mexico governor, refused to pay the reward. Over the next few weeks, the residents of Las Vegas, Mesilla, Santa Fe, White Oaks, and other New Mexico cities raised over $7,000 in reward money for Garrett. A year and four days after McCarty's death, the New Mexico territorial legislature passed a special act to grant Garrett the $500 bounty reward promised by Governor Wallace. Because people had begun to claim Garrett unfairly ambushed McCarty, Garrett felt the need to tell his side of the story and called upon his friend, journalist Marshall Upson, to ghostwrite a book for him. The book, The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid, was first published in April 1882. Although only a few copies sold following its release, in time, it became a reference for later historians who wrote about McCarty's life. Rumors of survival
Over time, legends grew claiming that McCarty was not killed, and that Garrett staged the incident and death out of friendship so that McCarty could evade the law.During the next 50 years, a number of men claimed they were <mask> <mask>. Most of these claims were easily disproven, but two have remained topics of discussion and debate. In 1948, a central Texas man, Ollie P. Roberts, also known as Brushy Bill Roberts, began claiming he was <mask> <mask> and went before New Mexico Governor Thomas J. Mabry seeking a pardon. Mabry dismissed Roberts' claims, and Roberts died shortly afterward. Nevertheless, Hico, Texas, Roberts' town of residence, capitalized on his claim by opening a Billy the Kid museum. John Miller, an Arizona man, also claimed he was McCarty. This was unsupported by his family until 1938, some time after his death.Miller's body was buried in the state-owned Arizona Pioneers' Home Cemetery in Prescott, Arizona; in May 2005, Miller's teeth and bones were exhumed and examined, without permission from the state. DNA samples from the remains were sent to a laboratory in Dallas and tested to compare Miller's DNA with blood samples obtained from floorboards in the old Lincoln County courthouse and a bench where McCarty's body allegedly was placed after he was shot. According to a July 2015 article in The Washington Post, the lab results were "useless." In 2004, researchers sought to exhume the remains of <mask>, McCarty's mother, whose DNA would be tested and compared with that of the body buried in William Bonney's grave. , her body had not been exhumed. In 2007, author and amateur historian Gale Cooper filed a lawsuit against the Lincoln County Sheriff's Office under the state Inspection of Public Records Act to produce records of the results of the 2006 DNA tests and other forensic evidence collected in the Billy <mask> Kid investigations. In April 2012, 133 pages of documents were provided; they offered no conclusive evidence confirming or disproving the generally accepted story of Garrett's killing of McCarty,
 but confirmed the records' existence, and that they could have been produced earlier.In 2014, Cooper was awarded $100,000 in punitive damages but the decision was later overturned by the New Mexico Court of Appeals. The lawsuit ultimately cost Lincoln County nearly $300,000. In February 2015, historian Robert Stahl petitioned a district court in Fort Sumner asking the state of New Mexico to issue a death certificate for McCarty. In July 2015, Stahl filed suit in the New Mexico Supreme Court. The suit asked the court to order the state's Office of the Medical Investigator to officially certify McCarty's death under New Mexico state law. Photographs

, only one authenticated photograph showing <mask> exists; others thought to depict him are disputed. Dedrick ferrotype
One of the few remaining artifacts of McCarty's life is a  ferrotype photograph of McCarty by an unknown portrait photographer in late 1879 or early 1880.The image shows McCarty wearing a vest over a sweater, a slouch hat and a bandana, while holding an 1873 Winchester rifle with its butt resting on the floor. For years, this was the only photograph scholars and historians agreed showed McCarty. The ferrotype survived because McCarty's friend Dan Dedrick kept it after the outlaw's death. It was passed down through Dedrick's family, and was copied several times, appearing in numerous publications during the 20th century. In June 2011, the original plate was bought at auction for $2.3 million by businessman William Koch. The image shows McCarty wearing his holstered Colt revolver on his left side. This led historians to believe he was left-handed, but they did not take into account that the ferrotype process produces reversed images.In 1954, western historians James D. Horan and Paul Sann wrote that McCarty was right-handed and carried his pistol on his right hip. The opinion was confirmed by Clyde Jeavons, a former curator of the National Film and Television Archive. Several historians have written that McCarty was ambidextrous. Croquet tintype
A  ferrotype purchased at a memorabilia shop in Fresno, California, in 2010 has been claimed to show McCarty and members of the Regulators playing croquet. If authentic, it is the only known photo of <mask> <mask> and the Regulators together and the only image to feature their wives and female companions. Collector RobertG. McCubbin and outlaw historian John Boessenecker concluded in 2013 that the photograph does not show McCarty.Whitny Braun, a professor and researcher, located an advertisement for croquet sets sold at Chapman's General Store in Las Vegas, New Mexico, dated to June 1878. Kent Gibson, a forensic video and still image expert, offered the services of his facial recognition software, and stated that McCarty is indeed one of the individuals in the image. In August 2015, Lincoln State Monument officials and the New Mexico Department of Cultural Affairs said that despite the new research, they could not confirm that the image showed McCarty or others from the Lincoln County War era, according to Monument manager Gary Cozzens. A photograph curator at the Palace of the Governors archives, Daniel Kosharek, said the image is "problematic on a lot of fronts," including the small size of the figures and the lack of resemblance of the background landscape to Lincoln County or the state in general. Editors from the True West Magazine staff said, "no one in our office thinks this photo is of the Kid [and the Regulators]." In early October 2015, Kagin's, Inc., a numismatic authentication firm, said the image was authentic after a number of experts, including those associated with a recent National Geographic Channel program,
examined it. Posthumous pardon request
In 2010, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson turned down a request for a posthumous pardon of McCarty for the murder of Sheriff William Brady.The pardon considered was to fulfill Governor Lew Wallace's 1879 promise to Bonney. Richardson's decision, citing "historical ambiguity," was announced on December 31, 2010, his last day in office. Grave markers

In 1931, CharlesW.Foor, an unofficial tour guide at Fort Sumner Cemetery, campaigned to raise funds for a permanent marker for the graves of McCarty, O'Folliard, and Bowdre. As a result of his efforts, a stone memorial marked with the names of the three men and their death dates beneath the word "Pals" was erected in the center of the burial area. In 1940, stone cutter James N. Warner of Salida, Colorado, made and donated to the cemetery a new marker for Bonney's grave. It was stolen on February 8, 1981, but recovered days later in Huntington Beach, California. New Mexico Governor Bruce King arranged for the county sheriff to fly to California to return it to Fort Sumner, where it was reinstalled in May 1981.Although both markers are behind iron fencing, a group of vandals entered the enclosure at night in June 2012 and tipped the stone

masks:
Kid
Billy the
Kid
Billy the
Kid
Catherine Antrim
the
Billy
Billy the
Kid


texts:
<mask>  (born 1950) is an educator, researcher, and theorist studying literacy, multiliteracies, applied linguistics, and educational sociology and policy. <mask> has written or edited 17 books and more than 250 articles and book chapters. <mask>, with Peter Freebody, originated the Four Resources Model of literacy in the 1990s. Part of the New London Group, he was coauthor of the "Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures" published in the Harvard Educational Review (1996). He is Emeritus Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia and Adjunct Professor at Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Canada. Education
<mask> received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of California, Santa Barbara in 1972. <mask> received his teaching certificate in 1976 and his M.A.in 1980, from Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. He taught primary and secondary school in British Columbia and lectured at Simon Fraser and British Columbia Institute of Technology before taking a position at James Cook University, Australia in 1984. He received his Ph. D. from Simon Fraser University in 1985. Career
<mask> taught at James Cook University until 1995. From 1996 to 2003, he was Dean of Education at the University of Queensland, and Deputy Director General for Education for Queensland from 1999 to 2000. Until 2003, <mask> was the Chief Educational Advisor to the Queensland Minister of Education.From 2003 to 2005, <mask> was the Foundation Dean of the Centre for Research in Pedagogy and Practice at the National Institute of Education at Nanyang Technological University, in Singapore. In 2006, <mask> has returned to a position as research professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia. Four Resources Model
In the early 1990s, <mask> and Peter Freebody introduced the Four Resources Model in literacy education. This model seeks to reconcile the debates between whole language, phonics, critical literacy and others. This model postulates that in order to be a fully literate citizen, a person needs:
 coding competence (the ability to decode text, i.e. phonics)
 semantic competence (the ability to make meaning, i.e. comprehension)
 pragmatic competence (every day, functional literacy, i.e.writing a check, reading the newspaper, filling out a job application, etc.) critical competence (the ability to critically select and analyze texts, i.e. avoiding scams, determining reliable sources of information, etc.) <mask> and Freebody assert that no one of these resources is sufficient by itself but that each is essential. Further, the resources are not meant to indicate a sequence of instruction. Different resources should be present in instruction in varying amounts, depending upon the needs of the students. <mask> has also stated that critical competence, far from being an advanced area of study, can begin to be developed in year one of education and before.Personal history
<mask> is a second-generation Chinese-American by birth. He is an Australian and Canadian dual citizen. He grew up in Los Angeles and attended school in Echo Park and Silverlake. In 1973, he moved to Canada to attend Simon Fraser University. His partner <mask> published major work on feminism, sociology and media literacy. <mask> worked as a substitute teacher in the schools of the Fraser Valley. He studied primary education with Kieran Egan.In 1975, Jonathan Kozol, who had just published The Night is Dark and I am Far From Home, came to SFU as a guest lecturer. He introduced <mask> to the works of Paulo Freire, including Pedagogy of the Oppressed. <mask> describes this as a life-changing event. <mask> initially had difficulty finding a job as a primary teacher, which he believes was due to prejudice against Asian people still prevalent in Canada at the time. In Armstrong, British Columbia, he was hired at a rural secondary school teaching English, drama, and Spanish. When the first wave of Vietnamese immigrants arrived in Canada in 1976, he was asked to teach ESL, although he had no training or background in ESL at the time. <mask> worked toward his Ph.D. in Sociology of Literacy, an emergent area of research.At the time, literacy was thought to be a cognitive and psycholinguistic process that had little to do with social factors, including class, race, and identity. He was supervised by Suzanne DeCastell, a Canadian philosopher of education. As he reached the end of his Ph.D., he received a job offer from James Cook University in Australia. He moved there in 1984 and became the first non-white professor on faculty. <mask> taught reading/language arts methods and was assigned to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teacher education program. <mask> taught and worked with an important generation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander teachers, researchers and educational leaders. In 2013, he chaired and co-authored the most extensive empirical study of Australian Indigenous school reform to date, leading to a comprehensive research report to the federal government.Awards and honors
 1989 Educational Press Association of America Merit Award
 2000 Honorary Doctorate of Philosophy Rajabhat University, Thailand
 2001 Annual Radford Lecture, Australian Association for Research in Education
 2002 Inducted into the International Reading Association Hall of Fame
 2002 Honorary Professorship from Beijing Normal University
 2002 Gold Medal of Australian College of Education
 2003 IBM/Bulletin Australian Educator of the Year
 2005 Honorary Doctorate of Laws from Simon Fraser University
 2005 American Educational Research Association Curriculum Studies Book Award
 2011 Distinguished Research Address, American Educational Research Association
 2012 Honorary Professorship from Beijing Normal University
 2013 Honorary Lifetime Member – Queensland Teachers' Union
 2013 Award for Research Excellence – Australian Literacy Educators' Association
 2014 Honorary Doctorate of Education from James Cook University
 2015 Officer of the Order of Australia
 2016 Distinguished Scholar Lifetime Achievement Award – Literacy Research Association (US)

References

Suggested further reading
see: http://eprints.qut.edu.au/view/person/<mask>,_Allan.html

 Albright, J. & <mask>, A. (Eds) (2008) Pierre Bourdieu and Literacy Education. New York: Routledge. Baker, C.D. & <mask>, A. (Eds) (1991) Towards a Critical Sociology of Reading.Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Baldauf, R. & <mask>, A. (Eds) (1990) Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. Carrington, V. & <mask>, A. (1997). Literacy and Bourdieu's sociological theory: A reframing.Language and Education, 11(2), 96-112.
 de Castell, S.C., <mask>, A., & Egan, K. (Eds) (1986) Literacy, Society and Schooling. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. de Castell, S.C., <mask>, A., & <mask>, C. (Eds) (1989) Language Authority and Criticism: Readings on the school textbook. London: Falmer Press. Freebody, P., & <mask>, A. (1990). Literacies programs: Debates and demands in cultural context.Prospect: Australian Journal of TESOL, 5(7), 7-16. Green, B., Hodgens, J., & <mask>, A. (1994) Debating Literacy in Australia : a documentary history, 1945 - 1994. Sydney: Australian Literacy Federation. <mask>, A. (1993) The Social Construction of Literacy in the Primary School. Melbourne: Macmillan.<mask>, <mask> (2008) Another ethnic autobiography? Childhood and the cultural economy of looking. In: Hammer, R. & Kellner, D. (Eds.) Critical Cultural Studies Reader. Peter Lang, New York. <mask>, A.(2004). Two takes on the critical. In B. Norton & K. Toohey (Eds. ), Critical pedagogy and language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <mask>, A. (2003).Literacy and the other: A sociological approach to literacy research and policy in multilingual societies. Reading Research Quarterly, 38(1), 132-141. <mask>, A. (2003). After the marketplace: Evidence, social science and educational research. Australian Educational Researcher, 30(2), 87-107. <mask>, A.(2000). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 43 (5), 448-461. <mask>, A. (1997). Genres of power: Literacy education and the production of capital. In R. Hasan & G. Williams (Eds.), Literacy in society (pp. 308–338). London: Longman. <mask>, A. (1988) Literacy, Textbooks and Ideology: Postwar literacy instruction and the mythology of Dick and Jane. London: Falmer. <mask>, A.(1992). Reading and Critical Literacy: Redefining the "Great Debate". Paper of the 18th New Zealand Conference on Reading. Wellington. May 10–13, 1992. Full text available from ERIC. <mask>, A.(2018) Critical Literacy, Schooling and Social Justice. New York: Routledge. <mask>, A. (2019) Educational Policy, Narrative and Discourse. New York: Routledge. <mask>, A. Cazden, C. et al. (2013) A summative evaluation of the Stronger Smarter Learning Project, vols.1 and 2. Brisbane/Canberra: Queensland University of Technology/Department of Employment, Education and Vocational Training. (http://eprints.qut.edu.au/statistics/eprint/59535/)
 <mask>, A. & Gilbert, P. (Eds) (1991) Literacy in Contexts. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <mask>, A., O'Brien, J., & Comber, B. (1994).Making community texts objects of study. Australian Journal of Language and Literacy, 17(2), 139-149. <mask>, A., Woods, A. & Weir, K. (2012) Curriculum, Syllabus Design and Equity. New York: Routledge. Milojevic, I., <mask>, A., <mask>, C. , Mills, M., & Land, R. (2002) Moving Forward: Students and teachers against racism. Melbourne: Eleanor Curtin Publishers.Mu, G.M., Dooley, K. & <mask>, A. (2019) Bourdieu and Chinese Education. New York: Routledge. Muspratt, S., <mask>, A., & Freebody, P. (1997) Constructing critical literacies. Sydney: Allen & Unwin; and Cresskills, NJ: Hampton. New London Group (1996). A pedagogy of multiliteracies: Designing social futures.Harvard Educational Review 66(1), 60-89. Nozaki, Y., Openshaw, R., & <mask>, A. (Eds) (2005) Struggles Over Difference: Curriculum, texts and pedagogy in the Asia-Pacific. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. Living people
American educational theorists
American people of Chinese descent
British Columbia Institute of Technology faculty
Simon Fraser University alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni
Queensland University of Technology faculty
Officers of the Order of Australia
1950 births

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Allan Luke
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Allan Luke
Carmen Luke
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Allan
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