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<mask> (6 March 1853 – 18 February 1878) was an English-born rancher and merchant in Lincoln County, New Mexico, United States. He competed with the Irish Catholic merchants, lawmen, and politicians who ran the town of Lincoln and the county. <mask>, who hoped to unseat the Irish and make a fortune as the County's new boss, was the first man killed in the Lincoln County War, an economic and political conflict that resulted in armed warfare, between rival gangs of cowboys and the ranchers, lawmen, and politicians who issued the orders. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1853 in Hackney, London. Although Tunstall has often been depicted in fiction as a member of the English nobility, his family were in reality upper middle-class. Furthermore, Tunstall's father "worked in trade", with business interests in both Canada and in the United Kingdom, and would, for this reason, have been looked down on and excluded from polite society. Tunstall lived some of his childhood in Belsize Park.<mask> was always inclined toward Agnosticism and, as he entered manhood, "grew increasingly contemptuous of organized religion" and its “ethical restraints." Emigration and career

Ambitions
In August 1872, Tunstall emigrated to British Columbia, Canada, at the age of 19, to work as a clerk for Turner, Beeton & Tunstall, a store in which his father owned a partnership. According to Robert M. Utley, "Three miserable and penurious years of clerking" for his father's partners in Vancouver produced in Tunstall a "firm conviction" that, "the road to riches…did not lie in the mercantile world." According to Utley, Tunstall, in his "dreams pictured an empire of sheep or cattle pastured on a great landed estate", where his herds multiplied and his bank account similarly swelled with ever more and more money. In a letter home, Tunstall wrote that although he knew that "a rugged outdoor life" would have its challenges, he predicted, "I shall be far happier than cuffed in white linen & coated in broadcloth, pedalling trifles to women with slim purses & slimmer education & refinement." With this in mind, Tunstall quit his clerking job in February 1876 and left Canada for California. He spent six months investigating the profits of sheep ranching before he decided instead to shift his inquiries to Santa Fe, the capital of the Territory of New Mexico.There, Tunstall had learned, "a specialized legal profession had grown up around the manipulation of title" to “old Spanish and Mexican land grants." For more than a year before his arrival, however, Tunstall had "dedicated himself single-mindedly" to persuading his father "of the certainty of a rich harvest, if only he would provide the seeds." His father, <mask> <mask>, was "a shrewd sceptic", who had done very well for his family in the mercantile world and, although he had plenty of capital to invest,  "did not share his son's explosive enthusiasm for every opportunity that came along." Santa Fe
Tunstall arrived in the territorial capital of Santa Fe on August 15, 1876, following a weeklong and exhausting journey from San Francisco, first by railroad and then from a painful post atop a horse-drawn "jerky", which kicked dust in his face all the way down the last 220 miles of the Santa Fe Trail. In a letter to his father, Tunstall griped, "I can assure you that one soon discovers why it is called a jerky." The jerky finally pulled up before Santa Fe's best lodgings, the Exchange Hotel on Santa Fe Plaza, directly opposite from the Palace of the Governors. Prompted, however, by "a dwindling reserve of cash", Tunstall walked to the west on San Francisco Street and instead took lodgings at Herlow's, "a very second class hotel", for a third less the cost.The food at Herlow's, however, fell so far short of Tunstall's expectations that he usually chose to dine at the Exchange. Soon after, he met Scottish-Canadian lawyer Alexander McSween. He told him of the potentially big profits to be made in Lincoln County. It was being rapidly settled. McSween was allied with <mask>, (1824–1884), the owner of a large ranch and over 100,000 head of cattle. McSween became a business partner of Tunstall, and they both sought Chisum's support. The young Englishman bought a ranch on the Rio Feliz, some  nearly due south of the town of Lincoln, and went into business as a cattleman.In the town he also set up a mercantile store and bank down the road from the Murphy & Dolan mercantile and banking operation. It had been established a few years earlier by James Dolan, Lawrence Murphy and <mask>. Riley, all of whom were Irish immigrants. The Murphy-Dolan store was known colloquially as "The House." Murphy and Dolan ran the town and surrounding county of Lincoln as though the area were their fiefdom. Any business transaction of consequence in the county passed through them. They controlled the courts. The Sheriff of Lincoln County, William J. Brady, was an Irish immigrant from County Cavan and was allied to the House.<mask> was eager to make money in Lincoln County. Offering decent prices and reasonable dealings at his store, he attracted locals eager to find a competitor to Murphy and Dolan. In his letters to his family in London, <mask> said that he intended to not only unseat Murphy and Dolan, but to become so powerful that half of every dollar made by anyone in Lincoln County would end up in his pocket. He also wrote about how he would soon raise the Tunstalls from the middle class to the highest levels of British polite society. Death

<mask>’s mercantile business put him into conflict with the powerful political, economic, and judicial structure that ruled New Mexico Territory. This group of men was known as the Santa Fe Ring. Ring members included Thomas Catron (1840-1921), the attorney general and political boss of New Mexico Territory.Catron owned  of land, and was one of the largest land holders in the history of the United States. Catron numbered the following men among his colleagues: Samuel Beach Axtell [1819-1891], the Territorial governor, who was fired for corruption by 19th President Rutherford B. Hayes; Warren Henry Bristol [1823-1890], a territorial judge; and William L. Rynerson [1828-1893], a district attorney, who had assassinated <mask>. Slough, the Chief Justice of New Mexico, and gotten away with it. Catron held the mortgage on "The House," so had a direct interest in its success in Lincoln. When too many of the residents of Lincoln switched their business to Tunstall’s store, Murphy-Dolan began a slide into bankruptcy, and Catron’s bottom line was affected. Murphy and Dolan tried to put Tunstall out of business, first harassing him legally, then trying to goad him into a gunfight. They hired gunmen, most of whom were members of the Jesse Evans Gang, aka "The Boys." Tunstall recruited gunfighters of his own: half a dozen local ranchers and cowboys who disliked Brady, Murphy, and Dolan.These men worked Tunstall's ranch and did his bidding during his conflict with Murphy/Dolan. One of Tunstall's employees was the 18-year-old William Bonney (né Henry McCarty, aka William Henry Antrim, aka El Chivato, 1859-1881), who was later dubbed "Billy the Kid" when leading a gang of his own. In the Spring of 1877, Sheriff Brady was beaten up by two bravados, who were believed to be acting on <mask>’s orders, in the middle of the main street of Lincoln. On 18 February 1878, <mask>, Richard M. Brewer, <mask>, Henry Newton Brown, Robert Widenmann, Fred Waite and William Bonney, were driving nine horses from Tunstall's ranch on the Rio Feliz to Lincoln. A posse deputized by Lincoln Sheriff Brady went to Tunstall's ranch on the Feliz to attach his cattle on a warrant that had been issued against his business partner, McSween. It was a testament to how completely entangled the business affairs of Tunstall and MacSween had become that the posse came to attach Tunstall's cattle as collateral for MacSween's debts. Finding Tunstall, his hands, and the horses gone, a sub-posse broke from the main posse and went in pursuit.But these horses were not covered by any legal action. Deputies Jesse Evans, Hill, Morton (and probably Frank Baker) rode ahead after Tunstall. Evans, Morton, and Hill caught up with <mask> and his men, in an area covered with scrub timber a few miles from Lincoln. <mask>, the nine horses, and his hired guns were spread out along the narrow trail. Bonney, who was riding drag, alerted the others. The deputies began firing without warning. Tunstall's hands galloped off through the brush to a hilltop overlooking the trail.Tunstall first stayed with his horses, then rode away, but was pursued by the three deputies. Only the three deputies survived the following confrontation. The historian Robert Utley writes that Tunstall may have surrendered or he may just as easily have drawn his sidearm and tried to defend himself from Deputies Morton, Hill, and Evans. Either way, the shooting began and Tunstall died instantly when hit by two rifle bullets; one in the chest and another that ripped through his brain. In the aftermath, Tunstall's supporters, "claimed that he was murdered in cold blood". Supporters of the House, however, "insisted that he had been shot down while resisting arrest by a lawfully commissioned deputy sheriff of Lincoln County." <mask> died less than three weeks before his birthday.He was 24 years of age. Aftermath
<mask>'s murder ignited the Lincoln County War. Bonney was especially affected by the murder as <mask> had always treated him well. Bonney, Richard M. Brewer, Chavez y Chavez, Doc Scurlock, Charlie Bowdre, George Coe, Frank Coe, Jim French, Frank McNab and other employees and friends of <mask>'s went to the Lincoln County Justice of the Peace, "Squire" <mask>. He proved sympathetic to their cause and swore them all in as special constables to bring in Tunstall's killers. This posse was legal and led by Richard "Dick" Brewer, a well-respected ranch owner who had also been Tunstall's foreman. The newly minted peace officers called themselves Regulators and went after Evans, Morton, Hill, and Baker and the others implicated in Tunstall's death.Thus, two legally deputized posses rode at large in Lincoln at war with each other. The Regulators tracked down and captured Morton and Baker on March 6, killing them during an alleged escape After returning to Lincoln, they said the two men had killed McCloskey of the Regulators. The same day Morton and Baker were killed, Evans and Tom Hill were rustling sheep during which Hill was killed and Evans was wounded by the sheep farmer. Several other killings, committed by both the Regulators and the gunmen hired by Murphy-Dolan, followed. On April Fool's Day 1878, the Regulators killed William Brady, the sheriff of Lincoln, along with his deputy, George Hindemann. Half a dozen Regulators, including Bonney, Jim French, and Frank McNab, carried out the reprisals. The Regulators killed Buckshot Roberts at Blazer's Mills, southwest of Lincoln in area now within the Mescalero Apache Reservation.Their man, Richard Brewer, also died in this shootout. The period of July 15 through July 19, 1878, Battle of Lincoln, became known as "The Five-Day Battle." The U.S. Army from nearby Fort Stanton, under the command of Colonel Nathan Dudley, intervened in the fight and defeated the Regulators. Dudley threatened the Regulators while the Dolanites strutted along Lincoln's street. A new federal law of 1878, passed by a Democratic majority of Congress and in reaction to the former use of military forces in southern states to suppress violence targeting freedmen during the Reconstruction era, prohibited the Army from intervening in civilian conflicts. After their loss to the Dolan forces in the Five-Day Battle, the Regulators and their supporters quickly left town. Bonney remained in New Mexico, moving to Fort Sumner, New Mexico, 160 miles west of the Texas Panhandle, on the Pecos River.Bonney operated as a bandit in the area with his own gang, and survived until July 14, 1881, when he was shot and killed at Fort Sumner by Sheriff Pat Garrett of Lincoln County. Garrett had been given a mandate to get rid of Billy the Kid and his gang. Legacy
<mask> lived in Lincoln for about 18 months before being killed by Morton, Hill, and Evans. During this period, he regularly corresponded with his family in London. Frederick Nolan collected these letters and published them as The Life and Death of <mask> <mask>, a basic work in the historiography of the Lincoln County War. Tunstall's letters reflect his ambition, biases, and youthful arrogance and high-spiritedness. They also reflect the economic, cultural, social, and political realities of the time and place.Tunstall's gun is held by the Royal Armouries Museum in Leeds, UK. (website www.royalarmouries.org). Representation in other media
Tunstall has been portrayed in films by British actors Colin Keith-<mask> (The Left Handed Gun, 1958), Patric Knowles (Chisum, 1970), and Terence Stamp (Young Guns, 1988). These actors were all between their late 40s and early 60s when they appeared as <mask>, who died at age 24, and each film tends to inaccurately portray Tunstall as somewhat of a father figure to William Bonney (Billy the Kid). In fact, he was Billy's employer and good friend. Murray Matheson played <mask> in the episode "The Reversed Blade" (February 4, 1961) of the NBC western television series, The Tall Man. The series uses the fictional name "<mask>".<mask> played <mask> in the 1966 episode "The Kid from Hell's Kitchen" of the syndicated western series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Robert Taylor. In the storyline, The Kid (Robert Blake) sets out to avenge the death of his friend <mask> amid the Lincoln County Range War. Tunstall is mentioned in the 2013 video game, Call of Juarez: Gunslinger, as part of the Lincoln County War. Tunstall is represented in the 2015 "Billy the Kid" episode of "Legends & Lies: The Real West" on Fox News Channel. Tunstall is represented in the 2016 "Billy the Kid - The Phantom of Lincoln County" episode of "Legends of the West" on American Heroes Channel. Tunstall is depicted in the 2019 semi-biographical novel of <mask>'s life, by Russ Brown, titled Miss Chisum. References

 Fulton, Maurice Garland.History of the Lincoln County War. Edited by Robert Mullin. Phoenix: University of Arizona Press, 1968. Jacobsen, Joel. Such Men As Billy The Kid. The Lincoln County War Reconsidered. Lincoln, Nebraska and London, England: University of Nebraska Press, 1994.Garrett, Pat F. The Authentic Life of Billy, the Kid. University of Oklahoma Press, 1954. Hunt, Frazier. The Tragic Days of Billy The Kid. New York: Hastings House, 1956. Nolan, Frederick. The Life and Death of <mask> <mask>.Albuquerque NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1965. Nolan, Frederick. The West of Billy The Kid.Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1998. Utley, Robert M. High Noon in Lincoln. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press, 1987. Wilson, <mask>. Merchants, Guns and Money: The Story of Lincoln County and Its Wars. Santa Fe: Museum of New Mexico Press, 1987.External links

Businesspeople from New Mexico
Cowboys
People of the New Mexico Territory
1853 births
1878 deaths
1878 crimes
Lincoln County Wars
American murder victims
Deaths by firearm in New Mexico
People murdered by Irish-American organized crime
People murdered in New Mexico
People from Lincoln County, New Mexico
English emigrants to the United States
19th-century American businesspeople
 1878 murders in the United States
People shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States

masks:
John Henry Tunstall
Tunstall
Tunstall
John Tunstall
John Partridge
Tunstall
John Chisum
John H
Tunstall
Tunstall
Tunstall
John P
John Tunstall
Tunstall
John Middleton
Tunstall
Tunstall
John Tunstall
Tunstall
Tunstall
Tunstall
John Wilson
John Tunstall
John Henry
Tunstall
Johnston
Tunstall
Tunstall
John Tundall
John Alderson
Tunstall
Tunstall
John Chisum
John Henry
Tunstall
John P


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<mask> (born March 25, 1986) is a former member of the 29th House of Representatives of Puerto Rico. <mask> is currently affiliated with the Citizen's Victory Movement party after being previously affiliated with the Popular Democratic Party and a legal advisor for Charlie Hernández, another member of the House, before becoming a legislator. He was a member of the free association movement, colloquially known as soberanistas. Elected at the age of 27, <mask> is one of the youngest legislators in the history of Puerto Rico and was the youngest legislator to serve at the time of his election. He was the Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana party's nominee in the 2020 San Juan mayoral election, which he lost to senator Miguel Romero of the New Progressive Party. Early years and education
<mask> was born into a family with strong ties to the local politics. His maternal uncle, <mask>, served as a candidate for the mayorship of Ciales the 2000 general election, while his paternal grandfather was an activist for the Partido Popular Democratico (PPD).He studied at Colegio Espíritu Santo in Hato Rey, where he was president of the Student Council. <mask> obtained a bachelor's degree from Cornell University in 2008, where he was president of the Puerto Rican Student Association and an Hermano of Lambda Upsilon Lambda fraternity He did not expect to be accepted by the institution, having applied to study in it as a protocolary measure. When the acceptance letter was received, <mask> was surprised and this event triggered a period of adaptation. He offered a speech at his graduation in his role of class president. After returning to Puerto Rico, <mask> received a juris doctor from the University of Puerto Rico School of Law in 2011, also serving as president of the student council during his tenure. After graduating from Cornell, <mask> became a key figure in a series of strikes held at the University of Puerto Rico in protest of a quota being introduced to the students. Consequently, he became involved with the Popular Democratic Party and participated in an internal election for the presidency of the party's National Youth organization.After completing his juris doctor <mask> opened his own lawfirm and worked for Charlie Hernández and Luis Vega Ramos, prominent members of the free association movement. In 2013, <mask> was named director of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico Commission on the Judiciary. Representative at-large (2013–2021)

Election to the House of Representatives
A few months after <mask> became director of the House Commission on the Judiciary, Eduardo Ferrer relinquished his position of Representative at-large for the PPD, formally opening a vacancy at the House for the PPD. The party announced that the position would be filled with the vote of the General Council's delegates during a special election. Subsequently, <mask> formally announced that he was going to pursue the vacancy and submitted the required documentation on August 5, 2013. His bid was seen as "difficult", since the PPD's conservative leadership (led by Alejandro García Padilla, incumbent Governor and President of the PPD) was at the moment in direct conflict with the free association movement over the continuation of the territorial clause. Besides him, nine other members presented the required documentation before the deadline.Only five candidates made the cut to be on the final ballot, Claribel Martínez Marmolejos, Yasmín Mejías, Carlos Rechani, Darlene Reyes and <mask>. Unofficial polls organized by Radio Isla 1320 and Representative Carlos Vargas concluded that the public favored <mask> over the four other candidates. The special election took an ideological emphasis after García Padilla dismissed the free association movement, implying that they were a reduced group by saying that the free association movement, "are not a wing, but rather a few feathers", iIllustrating his opposition to the faction by publicly supporting Martínez. <mask> indirectly referred to this event, adopting the slogan, "Quills have written the best chapters of our history." In the days leading to the special election, the PPD's leadership strengthened its campaign to secure the votes for Martínez, including public support from Eduardo Bhatia, President of the Senate of Puerto Rico, and Jaime Perelló, Speaker of the House. Public reports claimed that the PPD's conservative leadership was aggressive in its support campaign for Martínez, even offering jobs to the delegates in exchange for their votes. This raised concern among the other candidates, with Rechani, Mejías and former contestant Ruthy Currás claiming that they had received pressure to abandon the race.Despite this, <mask> opted to ignore the controversy, instead continuing with his own campaign and presenting a series of proposals. The special election took place on August 14, 2013, with <mask> defeating Martínez with a margin of 175 to 131, with 20 votes being divided between the other candidates. He effectively became a member of the House and a legislator on August 19, 2013, at the age of 26, after the House inaugurated its second ordinary session. <mask>'s first official action was to serve as cosponsor of P.C. 1334, a bill that specifies a method to select the delegates of a Constituent Assembly that will deal with the political status of Puerto Rico between 2014 and 2018. He was given the presidency of the Integrated Commission for Youth Development, Promotion and Retention of New Talent. <mask> was also named vicepresident of the commissions of International & Federal Affairs and Veteran Affairs, while also participating in five other.Political track record
His first original project was a proposal to retain young professionals and minimize their migration rate. The project was based on the reduction of bureaucratic requirements for the foundation of new enterprises and the eventual creation of an Institute for Entrepreneurship. Further efforts included the inclusion of classes focused on entrepreneurship in the education curriculum and the creation of a similar institute focused in the business education of youth. <mask> explained that the ultimate goal of these proposals was to retain the capital among local businesses, reducing its export by foreign corporations. His next initiative sought the international recognition of the Puerto Rican citizenship through the Secretary of State, pursuing more rights within the international community. A related project, P.C. 1417, also revoked an amendment made to the Political Code of Puerto Rico by the pro-statehood government of Pedro Rosselló, which only granted Puerto Rican citizenship to those that already possessed United States citizenship, effectively preventing foreign immigrants from claiming it.On December 21, 2013, <mask> was the only member of the PPD to oppose a bill that reduced the retirement pension received by teachers. This decision was preceded by days of reunions with education guilds, which took place in the midst of an accelerated and controversial special session called forth by García Padilla. Natal was the last member of a larger group to remain firm in his original position, with the others yielding and offering explanatory votes. He represented the Agricultural, Natural & Environmental Resources Commission during the public hearings of a project that pursued amends to the Biotechnology Law, there he expressed concerns that the proposed changes would facilitate multinational experiments without supervision and questioned if Monsanto was involved by supporting the bill. Furthermore, Natal noted that the entire process should be analyzed while taking under consideration the poor track record of biotechnology corporations and the multiples controversies surrounding their crops. After Standard & Poor's downgraded the government's credit to BB rating, Natal opened a webpage where he intended to gather civil proposals to attend the crisis. He followed this with P.C.1740, which proposed equitable salaries between men and women, attending a pre-existing imbalance between genders. On March 17, 2014, Natal presented a bill to attend water scarcity by prohibiting its exportation during droughts, which received the cognomen of P. C. 1764. 2020 San Juan mayoral campaign

In November 2019, <mask> announced his candidacy for mayor of San Juan as the Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana party's candidate in the 2020 mayoral election. He placed second in the election, losing to Senator Miguel Romero of the New Progressive Party. After the election, Natal launched a legal battle demanding a new election for the municipality's 77th Unit, which groups together several forms of abseentee-voting and mail-in ballots, claiming widespread irregularities during the counting process and leading to the election. His lawsuit was dismissed by a judge in January 2021. Personal life and ideology
Upon completing his education, Natal settled in Old San Juan.He is an avid follower of sports, and practices cycling, basketball and triathlon. He was the original PPD's representative in Panel Político, a daily radio show hosted by reporter Normando Valentín in WKAQ 580, where he served as the counterweight of Gary Rodríguez. On March 4, 2014, <mask> decided to abandon the program citing no interest to continue involved in "destructive" and "irresponsible" partisan discussions, a decision influenced by opposition senator Carmelo Ríos who accused him on air of participating in a protest where protesters had placed dog food and a "Beware of Dog" sign before a SWAT line during the 2010 strike. The PNP had promoted this supposed incident since he was elected, despite being asked in a formal letter to desist. <mask> claimed that a series of anonymous threats related to his purported involvement in the incident had been received by mail, endangering his family. The following day, the group that was actually involved in the protest, members of a plastic artistry movement named Indi.gestión, publicly stated that <mask> was never involved in it and denied even knowing him personally. <mask> expressed gratitude that the group decided to clear his reputation on its own initiative, also clarifying that Indi.gestión was not related to the UPR student movement in any way.Electoral history

House of Representatives of Puerto Rico

San Juan mayor

Notes

References

Cornell University alumni
Popular Democratic Party members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
University of Puerto Rico alumni
Movimiento Victoria Ciudadana politicians

masks:
Manuel Natal Albelo
Natal
Natal
Natal
Javier Albelo Matos
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal
Natal


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<mask> (1821 – 21 December 1914) was a New Zealand politician from Little River on Banks Peninsula, and a merchant. Born in London, he lived in a number of places and pursued a number of occupations before settling in Christchurch, New Zealand. Private life

Early life

<mask> was from an old Scottish family that had settled in Ireland. He was born in London and baptised on 14 January 1821. His father was <mask>, a saddler, and his mother was Eleanor Martin. His father was killed in a hunting accident in 1825, and <mask> was educated in Belfast at the Royal Belfast Academical Institution, where his uncle <mask> was head of English. <mask> started going to sea when he was 13.At age 18, he was made a captain, having taken control of a ship with a drunken captain and a first mate who was unable to navigate. He later bought this ship. Australia
<mask> sailed to Williamstown, Victoria, these days a suburb of Melbourne, Australia, in 1850 or 1851, and joined the gold rush. After a short period of digging, he set himself up as a merchant and earned enough money to be able to buy a sheep station on the Darling Downs. Several years of drought crippled him financially, though, and he decided to emigrate to New Zealand. New Zealand
He came to New Zealand in 1860 and settled in Canterbury. He bought the wharf in Heathcote and imported timber from the bays on Banks Peninsula for the Christchurch market.This developed into a company as a timber merchant. On 29 August 1865, he married Jane Todhunter, born in Shenley in Hertfordshire, England. She was a daughter of John Todhunter from London. <mask> was one of the men from a Victorian era who did not marry until they were in their middle-age, and the eventual bride would be many years their junior. The Canterbury Club was founded in 1872 to provide an alternative to those businessmen who had less of a rural background, as was common with Christchurch Club members. <mask> chaired the initial meeting. Both the Canterbury and Christchurch clubs still exist.Political career

Local politics
<mask> was elected onto the first Heathcote Road Board in 1864. In 1865, he was elected onto the Canterbury Provincial Council for the Heathcote constituency. He held this seat until 1870. In 1873, he again contested the Heathcote seat on the Provincial Council, to fill the vacancy left by Andrew Duncan. He was elected without opposition. During his time on the Provincial Council, he was on the executive in 1866, was provincial treasurer in 1868, deputy superintendent for a brief period in 1868 and leader of the Executive Council in 1874–75. Member of Parliament

Following the resignation of Robert Heaton Rhodes from his Akaroa seat in the New Zealand parliament, <mask> contested the 20 April 1874 by-election against Walter Pilliet.The results were 168 and 76 votes, respectively, i.e., a margin of 92 for <mask>. He thus entered parliament during the 5th term. In July 1874, a select committee declared <mask>'s election to be "null and void", as he had a contract for the supply of railway sleepers with the general government in breach of election rules. The select committee accepted that the breach was inadvertent. <mask> stood for re-election in the 10 August 1874 by-election and was returned unopposed. <mask> opened the Little River railway in 1884 and worked on the extension to Akaroa, which did not proceed. He represented Akaroa until the end of the 9th parliament.He announced on 1 July 1887 that he would not stand for re-election because of ill health. Six candidates stood for the 1887 general election in Akaroa; former Akaroa mayor Alexander McGregor won by a large margin. Ministerial appointments
During the first Stout-Vogel ministry, in August 1884, he was colonial secretary and the 4th Minister of Education. The Stout-Vogel ministry lasted for two weeks from 16 to 28 August 1884. He unselfishly stood aside when Stout needed to give ministries to Auckland members to continue in power. Young New Zealand Party

<mask> was recognised as the leader of the Young New Zealand Party, a reformist and left-leaning faction in Parliament which was supported by small businessmen, small farmers, and the Labour movement (particularly miners), and which grew into the Liberal Party. Member of the Legislative Council
On 15 October 1892, he was appointed to the Legislative Council, the upper house of New Zealand.At the time, appointments were for a seven-year period. He was reappointed on 16 October 1899. Upon the expiry of his second term on 15 October 1906, the cabinet decided to recommend to the Governor that <mask> be appointed for another term. But <mask> decided to retire, and was granted permission to retain his title 'the Honourable'. 'The Honourable' became his nickname among his friends. Death and commemoration
<mask>'s wife Jane died young aged 43, several decades before him on 27 July 1879. <mask> died at his residence in Little River on 21 December 1914.He was survived by two sons, <mask> (1866–1958) and John (1874–1946). His son <mask> Jr. represented Ellesmere in 1893–99. The couple are buried at the Barbadoes Street Cemetery in the central city of Christchurch, together with those of their children who died young. Montgomery Street in Cheviot is named for <mask>. Montgomery Park Scenic Reserve above the Summit Road near Hilltop is a native bush reserve that <mask> <mask> donated to the Wairewa County Council in 1941. The gift was to commemorate both <mask> and his father. It contains a tōtara estimated to be 2000 years old, with a girth of 8.5 m.

Montgomery Spur is located in the Port Hills between Rapaki Track and the Avoca Valley.It was named after <mask>. Part of the spur is Montgomery Spur Reserve, held by Christchurch City Council as a Scenic Reserve under the Reserves Act 1977. References

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1821 births
1914 deaths
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
New Zealand education ministers
Members of the New Zealand Legislative Council
Members of the Canterbury Provincial Council
Burials at Barbadoes Street Cemetery
Independent MPs of New Zealand
English emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
Chancellors of the University of Canterbury
Members of Canterbury provincial executive councils
Colonial Secretaries of New Zealand
19th-century New Zealand politicians

masks:
William John Alexander Montgomery
Montgomery
Josias Montgomery
William
Henry Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
William Hugh
William Montgomery
William Montgomery
William Hugh
Montgomery
William Hugh
John Montgomery


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, is a Japanese mixed martial artist. He competed in the Bantamweight and Featherweight divisions. His real name is . He is known for his judo and shoot wrestling expertise. Mixed martial arts career
On August 23, 1998, <mask> participated in the lightweight tournament of the 5th All Japan Amateur Shooto Championship. He lost to Kazuhiro Inoue in the final and became the runner-up. He would make his professional debut on September 18, 1998, against Naoya Uematsu and lost via armbar.On December 16, 2001, he faced Alexandre Franca Nogueira for the Shooto Lightweight (-65kg) Championship and failed to win the title after losing a 0-3 decision. In May 2003, he lost to Baret Yoshida in the first round of the ADCC World Championship under 66kg weight class. <mask> fought Rumina Sato in the semifinals of the 2005 Shooto Pacific Rim Lightweight Championship tournament, losing by KO with a right hook. <mask> fought Kazunori Yokota at the DEEP Cage Impact 2011 in Tokyo, losing by TKO after a soccer kick and ground and pound in the 2nd round. On April 26, 2013, he fought Seiji Akao at DEEP 62 IMPACT and lost by decision (0-3). After the match, he announced his retirement in the ring. 12
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| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:07
| Tokyo, Japan
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| Win
| align=center| 2-2
| Takeru Ueno
| Decision (unanimous)
| Shooto: R.E.A.D.7
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| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
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| Loss
| align=center| 1-2
| Kazuhiro Inoue
| Decision (majority)
| Shooto: R.E.A.D.

masks: Toida Toida Toida


texts:
<mask>, Jr. (born August 23, 1951) is an American former professional basketball player, coach, and executive. Bristow played college basketball at  Virginia Tech, and was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers in the second round of the 1973 NBA draft. A 6 ft 7 in,  small forward, he had a 10-year career in both the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA), playing for the Sixers, the San Antonio Spurs (in both leagues), the Utah Jazz, and finishing his playing career with the Dallas Mavericks. His nickname was "Disco". In 1991, Bristow was hired to be the third head coach for the recently created Charlotte Hornets franchise, a position he held for five years. Led by players such as Larry Johnson and Alonzo Mourning, the Hornets were the first of the late-1980s expansion teams to be successful, reaching the playoffs in 1993 and 1995. Bristow resigned in 1996.Bristow became the New Orleans Hornets' general manager in 2004, a position he relinquished in 2005. In 1997, Bristow was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. Virginia Tech career
After being an all-state player at Henrico High School, Bristow was recruited to play college basketball for Virginia Tech coach Howie Shannon beginning in the 1969–70 season. Bristow averaged 27.3 points and 17.1 rebounds per game as a freshman on the JV/Freshmen. (At the time he began his career, freshmen could not play on the varsity team). Bristow averaged 20.4 points and 13.1 rebounds per game for the 1970–71 Hokies that finished 14–11. He was second on the team in scoring that season to Loyd King (21.3 ppg), marking the only time that two Hokies ever averaged over 20 points in a single season.Don DeVoe took over as coach of the Hokies for the 1971–72 season, and Bristow led the team with 25.0 points and 13.4 rebounds in a 16–10 effort. In 1972–73, the Hokies raced to an 18–5 regular season mark, and a berth in the NIT. (At the time, only 32 teams made the NCAA tournament). Tech beat three teams by four points in the preliminary rounds before facing Notre Dame under legendary coach Digger Phelps in the finals. Tech forced overtime against the heavily favored Fighting Irish, and then found themselves down by one as they took the ball in bounds with 12 seconds to play. Bobby Stevens took a shot from just above the foul-line with about six seconds left, and chased his own rebound down on the right corner where he turned and beat the buzzer for a 92–91 win. Bristow scored a total of 91 points in the four NIT games.Including the NIT, Bristow led the team with a 23.9 points per game average and also pulled down 11.6 rebounds per contest. Bristow paced the Virginia Tech basketball team to the 1973 National Invitation Tournament (NIT) championship, and became the fourth Tech basketball player to have his jersey retired by the university. Bristow still holds the Hokies’ single game marks of 52 points and 22 field goals which he accomplished in a 117–89 win against George Washington University. He also holds the record for most consecutive double-figure scoring games, reaching that mark in all 78 of his Hokie appearances. He finished as Tech’s all-time scoring leader in 1973 with 1,804 points, and still stood seventh on the list at the beginning of the 2018–19 season. Bristow also holds the Tech record for career scoring average at 23.1 points per game. He led the Hokies in rebounding all three of his varsity seasons and in scoring his final two years.Bristow was named to the Virginia Tech Sports Hall of Fame in 1984 and his jersey was retired by the university in 1998. NBA playing career
Bristow was selected in the second round of the 1973 NBA draft (21st overall pick) by the Philadelphia 76ers. He made his NBA debut on October 13, 1973. Bristow played in 55 games in his rookie year averaging 11.7 minutes per game with 4.7 points per game and 3.0 rebounds per game with Philadelphia. After his second season, Bristow was waived by the 76ers. Bristow moved to the ABA's San Antonio Spurs for one season before the Spurs joined the NBA the following year in 1976. He spent four years total with San Antonio before signing as a free agent with the New Orleans Jazz in 1979.<mask> and Wayne Cooper were traded by the Jazz to the Dallas Mavericks in 1981 for Bill Robinzine. After two seasons with Dallas, Bristow retired from the NBA in 1983. Bristow had averages of 7.8 points, 5.0 rebounds, and 3.2 assists in 648 games. Executive and coaching career
Bristow began his professional coaching career as an assistant coach for the San Antonio Spurs in the 1983–84 season. He then moved to the Denver Nuggets as an assistant to coach Doug Moe for six seasons from 1984 to 1990. In 1990 the Charlotte Hornets named Bristow as Vice President of Basketball Operations, in charge of scouting, draft picks and trades. Bristow replaced Gene Littles as coach of the Charlotte Hornets in summer 1991, becoming the Hornets' third head coach.He was the first Hornets coach to bring major success to the franchise. He guided Charlotte to its first ever playoff appearance and first ever playoff series victory in the same year. His best season as head coach was in the 1994–95 season when the Hornets recorded a franchise-record 50 victories. He coached the Hornets team to a record of 207–203, but his teams were just 5–8 in the playoffs. In the 1996 off-season the Hornets ended his five-year run as their head coach by buying out the final year of Bristow's contract after the Hornets finished their season short of the playoffs with a 41–41 record. Bristow is still the Hornets all-time leader in wins with 207 regular season victories. Bristow later served as Executive Vice President of Basketball Operations for the Nuggets from 1997 to 1998.Head coaching record

|-
|align="left"|Charlotte
|align="left"|
| 82 || 31 || 51 ||  ||align="center"|6th in Central|| – || – || – ||
|align="center"|Missed Playoffs
|-
|align="left"|Charlotte
|align="left"|
| 82 || 44 || 38 ||  ||align="center"|3rd in Central|| 9 || 4 || 5 ||
|align="center"|Lost in Conf.

masks:
Allan Mercer Bristow
Bristow


texts:
<mask> is an American swimmer, and the first openly transgender NCAA Division I swimmer. He is also the first publicly documented NCAA D1 transgender man to compete as a man in any sport. He was recruited by Harvard University and swam on the Harvard Men's Swimming and Diving team under coach Kevin Tyrrell; he was a member of the Harvard Class of 2019. <mask> was originally recruited in 2013 as a member of the women's team by Harvard Women’s Swimming and Diving head coach Stephanie Morawski. After transitioning during a gap year, <mask> was also offered a spot on the men’s team by coach Tyrrell, allowing <mask> the choice of either team. He elected to swim on the men’s team. Early life

<mask> was born in New York City to parents <mask> and Terry Hong and is of Korean descent.<mask> grew up in McLean, Virginia, where he lived until attending college. Bailar attended Georgetown Day School from kindergarten through 12th grade. He has one brother, Jinwon, who also swims. Swimming

<mask> started swimming when he was about one year old. When he was four, his family joined a neighborhood summer club and he began swimming for the Langley Wildthings at the Langley Swim and Tennis Club. The Wildthings are a part of the storied Northern Virginia Swimming League for which <mask> would eventually podium in their overall All-Star championships. Bailar swam for the Wildthings nearly every summer as his love for swimming grew.In 2005, at the age of nine, <mask> joined Sea Devil Swimming (previously known as the Capitol Sea Devils), a year-round USA Swimming sanctioned club team. Under coach Ron Larkin, his true love of competitive swimming began. <mask> competed in the Potomac Valley LSC of USA Swimming and quickly rose through the ladder of swimming championships. At age 10 he competed at the 2007 Potomac Valley Junior Olympics. He continued up the ladder to the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 JOs and the 2010, 2011, 2012 Eastern Zones. <mask> set school records in nearly every event at Georgetown Day School. <mask>’s broader high school titles include 1st place in both 2013 and 2014 in 100yd breaststroke at the Washington, D.C.Independent School League Championships (a.k.a. ISLs), the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Preparatory School Swimming and Diving League (a.k.a. WMPSSDLs) Championships and the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Interscholastic Swimming and Diving Championships (a.k.a. Metros). Bailar was a 2-time All American (NICSA) for 100yd breast, A Potomac Valley Scholar Athlete and a USA Swimming Scholastic All American. At the national level of competitive swimming, Bailar won many honors in both high school and club swimming including setting a USA Swimming National Age Group record in the 400yd Medley Relay at the 2013 USA Swimming AT&T National Championships with teammates Katie Ledecky, Janet Hu, and Kylie Jordan. Bailar swam for the celebrated Nation’s Capital Swim Club (NCAP) at that meet; and the team won the 2013 USA Swimming AT&T National Championship title.<mask>'s 100 yard breaststroke swim at the 2013 NCSA Junior National Championships qualified for the U.S. Open, the fastest national championship meet. <mask> is also multi-year qualifier for the NCSA Jr. Nationals. In 2019, <mask> completed his college career posting the "third fastest" time for 100-yard breaststroke for the Harvard team in the 2018–2019 season, and winning his third Ivy-League Championship ring as part of the Crimson's highest ranked team since the 1960–1961 season, which placed 8th at the 2019 NCAA Championships. Although <mask> began his college swimming career with low expectations, his final 100-yard breaststroke time ranked him in the top 15% of all NCAA swims for the season and in the top 34% of all NCAA Division 1 swims for the season. Activism and acclaim
<mask> is an advocate for LGBTQ rights and inclusion. He has assisted with and is featured in the USA Swimming cultural inclusion guides for both LGBTQ and Asian American athletes. He also attended the NCAA Common Ground initiative, a group of selected athletes, coaches and sports constituents who met to discuss inclusion in NCAA activities.<mask>'s primary activism is on the speaking circuit, appearing at schools, corporations and non-profits. After graduating from Harvard in 2019, he began working full time as a public speaker. <mask> was awarded the SMYAL Community Advocate Award for 2016 for his work as "a vocal advocate for LGBT rights." The 60 Minutes profile of <mask> entitled "Switching Teams" was nominated for the 28th Annual GLAAD Media Awards. On June 28th, 2017, <mask> was profiled by the International Olympic Committee in a series entitled IDENTIFY for his activism in promoting gender inclusion in sports. <mask> was featured as a member of the 2017 Out Magazine OUT 100 and in another first, was the only LGBT athlete included in the elite listing for 2017. In 2018, <mask> received several accolades: He was named to The Advocate's Champions of Pride list of Top LGBTQ activists in each state.He was named to the Gold House A100 list of the most influential Asian Americans. In 2019, <mask> was awarded the NBIC Best-of-the Best Visibility Award, hosted by the NGLCC for his "courageous and life-changing" example as an out and vocal trans athlete. As a notable graduate of the class of 2019, he received the Harvard Athletics Director's Award for the athlete who makes an outstanding contribution to athletics through education. Health and transition
<mask> began struggling with mental health issues in the fall of 2012, his junior year in high school. He went to therapy and later enrolled at Oliver-Pyatt Centers, a residential treatment center for eating disorders, where he was first able to discuss his gender identity aloud. <mask> attended gender workshops at the YES! Institute in Miami, Florida, which he says helped him realize and come to terms with his gender.Shortly after his discharge from the center in October 2014, he began transitioning. He underwent top surgery (double mastectomy) in March 2015 and began hormone replacement therapy in June. He reported on his progress via social media, and MTV selected the Washington Post coverage of Bailar for 2015's Best Moments for the Trans Community. See also

 Diversity in swimming

References

Living people
Transgender and transsexual sportspeople
Transgender and transsexual men
Harvard Crimson men's swimmers
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
LGBT American people of Asian descent
LGBT swimmers
1996 births
Sportspeople from New York City
Swimmers from New York (state)
Georgetown Day School alumni

masks:
Schuyler Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Gregor Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Schuyler
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar
Bailar


texts:
<mask> (born 5 October 1963) is a Maltese football manager and former player. His last managerial role was being head coach of Floriana. As a player, he played as a defender and is best remembered for his eight-year spells in the Maltese Premier League with Sliema Wanderers and Floriana. He also played in England for Brentford and Swindon Town and won 97 caps for the Malta national team. After retiring as a player, he managed Birkirkara, Malta, Sliema Wanderers and Floriana. Playing career

Sliema Wanderers
A sweeper, Buttigieg began his career at hometown Maltese Premier League club Sliema Wanderers at age 16. He established himself in the team during the 1981–82 season, missing just two league games as the club finished runners-up to Hibernians in the league and the Maltese FA Trophy.The Blues were relegated in the following season, but reclaimed their place in the Premier League by finishing as 1983–84 First Division champions. Buttigieg's best season came in 1987–88, when his performances earned him the Maltese Premier League Player of the Year award. The Blues would go on to win the league the title the following season, but Buttigieg managed just one appearance before departing the club in November 1988. He made 75 league appearances and scored six goals during eight years with Sliema. He also tasted European football with the club, appearing in the Cup Winners' Cup in the 1982–83 and 1987–88 seasons. Brentford
Buttigieg played for English Third Division club Brentford in a pre-season friendly tournament prior to the start of the beginning of the 1988–89 season, after being spotted by manager Steve Perryman's former colleague Peter Shreeves while playing in Northern Ireland for Malta. He eventually signed for the Bees on 2 November 1988 for a £40,000 fee.Buttigieg was brought in to play his natural sweeper role, but the Brentford defenders had trouble adapting to the system, which led Perryman to revert to using a normal defensive line and reducing Buttigieg to making cameo appearances in various positions off the bench. He made 19 appearances in what remained of the 1988–89 season and was a part of the Bees' run to the quarter-finals of the FA Cup, where they were knocked out by Liverpool. Buttigieg began the 1989–90 season in an unfamiliar right back role and gradually fell out of the first team picture. The departure of Perryman as manager and his replacement Phil Holder's tactical change to a long ball game saw Buttigieg further frozen out and after being transfer-listed in November 1990, he was released in May 1991. Buttigieg made 47 appearances during his time at Griffin Park and the 20 caps he won for Malta during that period make him Brentford's most capped international player. Swindon Town (loan)
Buttigieg moved on a one-month loan to Second Division club Swindon Town in September 1990, to cover for injuries. He made four appearances before his loan expired and the Robins were unwilling to make the move permanent.Floriana
After a transfer dispute with former club Sliema Wanderers saw Buttigieg designated a free agent, he returned to the Maltese Premier League to sign for Floriana in 1991. He was named captain and won the double in the 1992–93 season and a cup treble in 1993–94. In the 1993–94 season, Buttigieg was part of the Floriana team which was the first (and as of 2014, only) Maltese club to qualify for the first round proper of the Champions League. Buttigieg scored both goals in a 2–0 win over Lithuanian champions Ekranas in the qualifying round, which set the Greens up with a two-legged tie against Portuguese club Porto in the first round. Floriana went out 2–0 on aggregate, but salvaged some pride with a 0–0 draw at the Ta' Qali Stadium in the second leg. He also represented Floriana in the Intertoto Cup and the qualifying rounds of the Cup Winners' Cup and the UEFA Cup. By the time he departed Floriana in 1999, Buttigieg had made 155 league appearances and scored eight goals for the club.He held talks over the club's vacant manager's job in October 2009, but the position went to Stephen Azzopardi. Valletta
Buttigieg saw out his career with a three-season spell with Maltese Premier League club Valletta, making over 60 appearances and winning an unprecedented sextuple with the club during the 2000–01 season. He experienced European football once again, progressing past Welsh champions Barry Town in the 1999–00 Champions League first qualifying round, before bowing out to Austrian runners-up Rapid Vienna in the second qualifying round. A runners-up finish in the Maltese Premier League in the 1999–00 season saw Valletta qualify for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup qualifying round, but they were knocked out by Croatian club Rijeka 8–6 on aggregate. Buttigieg retired from football at the end of the 2001–02 season, after failing to be offered a new contract. International career
Buttigieg made his international debut in an unsanctioned match between Malta 'A' and an Italian amateur XI in February 1980, making a second appearance, again against the Italian amateurs in November 1981. Buttigieg made his debut for the Malta U18 team in February 1981 and won four caps for the team during an unsuccessful qualification campaign for the 1982 European U18 Championship.Buttigieg made his senior international debut on 23 May 1984, in a 1986 FIFA World Cup qualifier away to Sweden, which resulted in a 4–0 defeat. Despite failing to qualify for any major tournaments, Buttigieg won the 1992 Rothmans International Tournament with the team in 1992 and was a part of the squad which finished third in the Coupe 7 Novembre in Tunisia the following year. He scored his only international goal with the opener in a 3–0 victory over Azerbaijan in the 2000 Rothmans Tournament. His 97th and final cap came in a 2–1 friendly defeat to England at the Ta' Qali Stadium on 3 June 2000. In an interview in May 2001, Buttigieg revealed he felt he "wasn't treated well" by the Malta Football Association as he was denied a chance to reach 100 caps, despite three additional friendlies being scheduled to take place after the England game. International goals

Management and coaching career

Busu Football School
After his retirement from football, Buttigieg coached at the Busu Football School, run by former Malta international teammate Carmel Busuttil. Birkirkara
In March 2007, Buttigieg joined Maltese Premier League club Birkirkara as manager.He had a successful first season, turning the club's fortunes around and winning the 2007–08 Maltese FA Trophy. In June 2008, Buttigieg was awarded a UEFA pro-coaching license at the renowned Coverciano school in Italy. Buttigieg's Stripes opened the 2008–09 season by winning the Löwenbräu Cup, but suffered defeat to Valletta in the Maltese Super Cup. After finishing third in the Championship Pool, Buttigieg stepped down from his role in July 2009. Malta
In July 2009, Buttigieg was appointed as manager of the Malta national team. He replaced Dušan Fitzel, who was forced to step down five months before the end of his contract due to health problems. Buttigieg was joined by assistant manager Carmel Busuttil and both signed a five-year contract with the Malta Football Association.Buttigieg had a good start in the role, beating Georgia 2–0 in a friendly on 12 August. The final two games of Malta's 2010 World Cup qualifying campaign resulted in defeats to Sweden and Portugal and the team finished bottom of its group. After losing 15 of his first 17 games, Buttigieg secured his second win in international management with a 2–1 friendly victory over the Central African Republic on 10 August 2011. Malta's Euro 2012 qualifying campaign was a disaster, with 9 defeats and a draw (which came against Georgia) and finishing bottom of their group. Buttigieg and Busuttil were removed from their posts on 25 October 2011, having recorded just two victories from 21 games. Return to Birkirkara
Together with Carmel Busuttil, Buttigieg returned to Birkirkara to take charge of the Maltese Premier League club's academy in December 2011. Floriana
<mask> returned to former club Floriana in July 2014 to take over the role of technical director of the club's academy.Sliema Wanderers
In June 2016, Buttigieg returned to Sliema Wanderers to take over the job as manager. His tenure got off to a start, with victory in the 2016 Summer Cup. A mid-table 2016–17 season also featured defeats in the 2016 Maltese Super Cup and the 2017 Maltese FA Trophy Final. A failure to win any further silverware and a second-successive mid-table finish at the end of the 2017–18 season led to Buttigieg's departure by mutual consent in January 2019. Third spell at Birkirkara
In April 2019, Buttigieg took over as manager Birkirkara, for the second time, on a two-year contract. He resigned from the position in September 2019. Return to Floriana
In December 2020, Buttgieg returned to Floriana and signed a contract to become head coach.After six weeks in charge of the Greens, he resigned from the position in February 2021. Personal life
Buttigieg's father Robbie was also a footballer. Honours

Player
Sliema Wanderers
 Independence Cup: 1981–82
 Euro Cup: 1982

Malta
 Rothmans International Tournament: 1992
 Coupe 7 Novembre: 1993 (Third Place)

Manager
Sliema Wanderers

 Summer Cup: 2016

Individual
 Maltese Premier League Player of the Year: 1987–88
 Floriana Player of the Year: 1994–95

Club career statistics

Managerial career statistics

References

External links

1963 births
Living people
Maltese footballers
Sliema Wanderers F.C. players
Floriana F.C. players
Valletta F.C. players
English Football League players
Brentford F.C. players
Swindon Town F.C.players
Malta international footballers
Maltese expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Maltese football managers
Malta national football team managers
People from Sliema
Birkirkara F.C. managers
Birkirkara F.C. players
Maltese Premier League players
Maltese Premier League managers
Maltese expatriate sportspeople in England
Association football sweepers
Association football fullbacks
Sliema Wanderers F.C. managers

masks:
John Buttig
Buttigieg


texts:
<mask> (August 7, 1921 – July 5, 1995) was an American artist and model who contemporaries qualified as "one of the most beautiful men" in the gay social scene of New York City in the 1940s. Early life and education
<mask> (in 1951 legally changed to <mask>) was born in South Orange, New Jersey, on August 7, 1921. From 1938 to 1941 <mask> attended the Franklin School of Professional Arts in New York City, obtaining an advertising design major. After his military career <mask> attended The New School for Social Research, from 1947 to 1949, in New York City. In 1949 he enrolled at Dartmouth College, taking up liberal art studies. Also in 1949, <mask> was awarded a Fulbright scholarship; an American scholarship program of competitive, merit-based grants. The scholarship lasted till 1951.Career
From 1939 to 1941, while still a student at the School of Professional Arts, <mask> worked as a designer for Datzenbach & Warren, Brunschwig & Fils, and the oldest luxury department store in the United States, Lord & Taylor. He designed fabrics, wallpaper, stage sets for summer theatres as well as freelance advertising and arranging window displays. <mask> enlisted in June 1942 in the United States Coast Guard and trained with the USS Berkshire County (LST-288). He was stationed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, serving until 1946. While following the SKAT Insect Repellent project (a malaria control project) in 1942 in Perth, Western Australia, <mask> was assigned to a research project with Richard Delano, a cousin of Franklin D. Roosevelt, promoted by the Air-Sea Agency, to design a pocket-sized balloon-like water desalination device to be used by Navy and Army fliers, named Sunstill. Franklin D. Roosevelt displayed a model of Sunstill on his desk and Winston Churchill had one with him in his briefcase. The first Model A was in production in the summer of 1943.While enlisted, <mask> worked in a plastic laboratory, where he developed several plastic products:
 a lightweight plastic hat-sunshade developed for the Quartermaster Corps (United States Army)
 a kayak-type plastic inflated boat, weighing only a few pounds and folding into a small suitcase
 an inflatable plastic chair, both comfortable and sturdy, which collapsed to the size of a briefcase, designed for travellers; it is now in the permanent collection at the Department of Architecture and Design, Museum of Modern Art. In 1944 The Times defined it "a chair whose fish-net seat (draped over a pneumatic, plastic doughnut) was surrealistically adapted to the most unsurrealistic sitter". All these objects were exhibited at MoMA from May 24 to October 22, 1944 for its 15th-anniversary show, "Art in Progress". The chair was again exhibited at the MoMa from May 6, 2009 to January 10, 2011, in the show "What Was Good Design? MoMA's Message 1944–56". Also a photographer, <mask> documented his travels around the world and social life. Gay social scene
<mask> was a model, acquaintance and/or companion of many luminaries of the gay social scene of New York City in the 1940s: W. H. Auden, Paul Cadmus, Jean Cocteau, Noël Coward, George Cukor, Jean Genet, George Gallowhur, George Hoyningen-Huene, Christopher Isherwood, Alfred Kinsey (of whom he was a lover), Lincoln Kirstein, Dorothy Parker, Bernard Perlin ("<mask> was ga-ga-gorgeous"), George Platt Lynes (of whom he was a lover), Ralph Pomeroy ("Bill would go to a gallery and all the women and all the men would faint!"), W. Somerset Maugham, Jonathan Tichenor, Tom Tryon, Gore Vidal, Sam Wagstaff, Glenway Wescott and Monroe Wheeler (of whom he was a lover), Philip Wheelwright. At one time, <mask> was in a relationship with Otis Bigelow. Before meeting <mask>, Bigelow was in a relationship with a businessman, George Gallowhur, president of Skol Company; Bigelow left Gallowhur but he had to go back to college, at the Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps program at Hamilton: while Bigelow was there, <mask> started a relationship with Gallowhur. <mask>'s chair and Sunstill were manufactured by Gallowhur Chemical Corp.

A group of three portraits of <mask> by George Platt Lynes made from 1942 to 1946 went on sale at Sotheby's in 1982. In 1945 <mask> and Platt Lynes, at the time lovers, went together to a masquerade ball hosted in Weston by Alice DeLamar; their costumes resemble the Commedia dell'Arte and Platt Lynes subsequently took a series of photographs of the two of them dressed in those costumes. In 1945 Paul Cadmus took a pencil and watercolor on grey paper of <mask>, signed and inscribed "<mask> — Cadmus 1945," which in 1968 was in possession of <mask>. At the end of the 1940s, <mask> <mask>, together with Charles "Chuck" Howard (another model who would later become a fashion designer), participated in the "on the field" research of Alfred Kinsey.They went to Bloomington and performed together for Kinsey. <mask>'s purpose was to "achieve greater social tolerance of homosexuality" (Wilf). Later <mask> had a brief relationship with Kinsey. In 1952 <mask> appeared in a photo shoot for Life. At a party hosted by John B. L. Goodwin in 1955, <mask> is listed by Christopher Isherwood among other guests, including Paul Cadmus, <mask> and Frank Merlo. Personal life and death
With the savings from his military career, <mask> bought a house in Reading, Vermont, that he restored and redecorated. Later in life he owned a cottage at Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.<mask> died on July 5, 1995. References

External links
 <mask> (Bill) <mask>: A Bright Young Thing of the 40s, featuring photos of <mask> from the OAC Archive
 <mask> (Bill) <mask>: (some more...), featuring photos of <mask> from the Glenway Wescott papers at the Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscripts Library at Yale
 <mask> William <mask> Papers at OAC: Photographs

1921 births
1995 deaths
American industrial designers
American socialites
Dartmouth College alumni
Gay artists
LGBT artists from the United States
LGBT people from New Jersey
Military personnel from Newark, New Jersey
People from South Orange, New Jersey
United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Christian William Miller
William Henry Miller
Christian William Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Bill Miller
Tennessee Williams
Bill Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Christian William
Miller
Miller
Christian
Miller


texts:
<mask> (born December 22, 1954) is a Republican politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. <mask> was serving as the Oklahoma Secretary of Human Services, having been appointed by Democratic Governor of Oklahoma Brad Henry in 2003. <mask> had previously served as the Oklahoma Secretary of Health and Human Services under former Republican Governor Frank Keating until that post was split into two positions under Henry. Concurrent with his service as Secretary, <mask> has served as the Director of Oklahoma Department of Human Services since July 1, 1998. <mask> also is a former Oklahoma State Senator, having served from 1987 until 1998. <mask> is one of three Cabinet Secretaries appointed by former Governor Frank Keating to be held over by Governor Brad Henry, the others being: Human Resources Secretary Oscar B. Jackson Jr. and Veterans Affairs Secretary Norman Lamb. Education and early career
<mask> was born in 1954 and raised in Bethany, Oklahoma.He graduated summa cum laude from Southern Nazarene University earning his undergraduate degree in accounting. During his years at Southern Nazarene, he was active in Circle K International, the collegiate affiliate of Kiwanis International, holding numerous elective offices, including international president. Three years after graduating from SNU, <mask> passed the Certified Public Accountant's examination and earned both a Master of Business Administration and a law degree from the University of Oklahoma. Upon graduation from law school, he was elected to Order of the Coif in recognition of his legal scholarship for graduating in the top 10 percent of his law school class. He practiced business, real estate and tax law for 17 years. Oklahoma Senate
<mask> was elected to the Oklahoma Senate in 1987, representing parts of northwest Oklahoma City, Bethany, Oklahoma, Yukon, Oklahoma and Warr Acres, Oklahoma. He would serve in the Senate until 1998.During his tenure, he amassed a career roll-call voting record in excess of 99 percent. He served two years as the Republican Floor Leader in the State Senate. For many years, he served as the Senate's representative to the Oklahoma State Pension Commission and the legislative representative to SoonerStart, the Interagency Coordinating Council for Early Childhood Interventions. Hendrick has also served on several national committees for legislative organizations, primarily sharing state solutions to America's health care and welfare problems. Career at DHS and 2012 Resignation
<mask> was appointed Director of the Oklahoma Department of Human Services by the State Commission on Human Services on July 1, 1998. With offices in all 77 counties of Oklahoma, Hendrick leads a staff of nearly 7,300 employees and administers a $2.1 billion budget. Hundreds of thousands of Oklahomans are affected daily by more than 40 state and federal human services programs administered by his Department.<mask> and other DHS Commissioners were publicly criticized following several high-profile child deaths from abuse and neglect. In 2008, Children's Rights, along with Oklahoma law firms Fredric Dowart Lawyers, Seymour & Graham LLP, Day, Edwards, Propester & Christensen PC, and international firm Kaye Scholer, filed a lawsuit against <mask>, other commissioners of the Department of Human Services, and the Governor of Oklahoma. The suit was filed on behalf of the nine named plaintiffs and more than 10,000 children in Oklahoma who had been removed from their homes by the state. The Complaint alleged violations of the constitutional rights of the children in the state's care by routinely placing them in unsafe, unsupervised and unstable living situations, where they were frequently subjected to further maltreatment. The parties settled the case in 2012 with an agreement for independent oversight of the Department. Secretary under Governors Keating and Henry
Following the resignation of Jerry Regier to run for Governor of Oklahoma in 2002, <mask> was appointed by Governor Frank Keating, and fellow Republican, as his Secretary of Health and Human Services. When Democrat Brad Henry was elected, <mask> was asked to stay on during his administration.When Henry took office, he issued an executive order that split the position of Secretary of Health and Human Services into two different posts: the Secretary of Health and the Secretary of Human Services. <mask> was appointed by Henry to fill the latter. From 2003–2011 as Secretary for Human Services, <mask> was responsible for overseeing the Oklahoma Department of Human Services, the Oklahoma Department of Rehabilitation Services, and the Oklahoma Office of Juvenile Affairs. He also continued to serve concurrently as the Director of Human Services. Personal life
His most important commitments are to his family. He and his wife, Tracy, have been married for 34 years. They have four children: Chelsey; Cally; Christiana; and Hudson.His nights and weekends are stuffed with baseball, basketball, soccer, musicals and homework and hanging out with his 6 grandchildren. He is active in numerous, local and national, civic, professional and church organizations. He is a member of the Oklahoma Bar Association. He serves on the Executive Committee for the National Council of State Human Services Administrators. He serves on the boards of the National Children's Alliance, Nazarene Theological Seminary and the American Public Human Services Association. Locally, he served as chairman of the state employees State Charitable Campaign for seven years and serves on the United Way of Greater Oklahoma City Advisory Board of Trustees. He has served on the church board at Bethany First Church of the Nazarene for many years.The Oklahoma Institute of Child Advocacy named him to the Child Advocates Hall of Fame in 2003. In 2004, he was one of four Americans to receive the National Public Service Award for leadership in public administration from the American Society of Public Administration and National Academy of Public Administration. References

External links
Oklahoma Governor Brad Henry's Cabinet
Oklahoma Department of Human Services official biography

Living people
People from Bethany, Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma alumni
Oklahoma lawyers
State cabinet secretaries of Oklahoma
Southern Nazarene University alumni
American members of the Church of the Nazarene
Heads of Oklahoma state agencies
Oklahoma Republicans
1954 births

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<mask> (; died 1218) was a Hungarian prelate at the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries, who served as Bishop of Győr from 1205 to 1218. Prior to that, he was chancellor in the royal court of Emeric, King of Hungary between 1202 and 1204. He participated in the Fifth Crusade, where he was killed in fights against the Ayyubid Sultanate. Some historians identify him with the chronicler Anonymus, author of the Gesta Hungarorum. Early life
<mask> (also Pescha and Pechse) was born in the mid-1170s, as he was about the same age as King Andrew II, according to his royal charter from 1217. They were brought up together in the royal court of Andrew's father, Béla III. The aforementioned name variants confirm his Hungarian origin.The reconstruction of <mask>'s early life is uncertain and contested, mainly depending on the existing parallel scholarly standpoints that he can be identified with the chronicler Anonymus or not. In 1966, literary journal Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények published the papers of János Horváth, Jr. and Károly Sólyom, who first claimed Anonymus was identical with <mask>, Bishop of Győr, independently from each other. Subsequently, other historians, including György Györffy and Gyula Kristó refused their theory and there is no unanimously recognized scientific position. For instance, the interpretation of the "P dictus magister" text in the opening sentence of the Gesta Hungarorum is unclear. The text may refer to a man whose monogram was P – as most of the historians share this view and tried to find contemporary church people with "P" initial – or it may be an abbreviation of the Latin word for "aforementioned" (praedictus) in reference to a name on the title page which is now missing. Philologist János Horváth, who claimed <mask> was identical with Anonymus, considered his baptismal name was <mask> and identified him with a certain bishop Torda (Turda) – his pagan name, son of dux Velek, who was referred by Andrew II in 1225. In this theory, <mask>'s mother was a Greek woman, possibly a maid of honor of Béla's first wife Agnes of Antioch and he also had a sister Anne, who married Bors, son of Dominic Miskolc and Margaret, spouse of an unidentified Ban Stephen.Accordingly, <mask> came from the lineage of chieftain Velek, who had participated in the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin and is a recurring character in the Gesta Hungariorum. As Anonymus had a detailed knowledge of the lands along the upper courses of the river Tisza, especially the bishopric lands of the Diocese of Eger, historian Károly Sólyom, who also identified Anonymus with Bishop <mask>, claimed that Duke Andrew and <mask> spent their youth in the episcopal manor of <mask>, Bishop of Eger in the 1180s. During that time, the younger prince Andrew was raised as a potential pretender to the neighboring Principality of Halych. Regardless his identification with Anonymus, Sólyom considered Bishop <mask> himself also originated from the borderlands of Zaránd County, based on his other name variants in the contemporary documents. He also claimed the town of Pecica (Pécska), present-day in Romania, is named after him. <mask> attended a French universitas (presumably at the Abbey of Saint Genevieve or the University of Paris) from 1190 to 1194, where obtained a doctorate of canon law. He bore the title of magister, demonstrating his literacy and scientific proficiency.According to Károly Sólyom, <mask> studied together with his friend the "literate" Nicholas Csák (brother or nephew of Bishop Ugrin Csák). Accordingly, later Anonymus dedicated his work to "the most venerable man N", i.e. Nicholas. <mask> read Dares Phrygius's Trojan History, if the Anonymus identification is correct. Returning to Hungary, <mask> functioned as a notary in the chancellery of Béla III between 1194 and 1196, as both János Horváth and Károly Sólyom argued (Anonymus wrote in the opening sentence of his work that he was "Bele regis notarius" – "Notary of King Béla"). According to Sólyom's interpretation, the young <mask> wrote the Gesta Hungarorum thereafter, from 1196 to 1198, after the death of Béla III (while the majority of historians consider Anonymus was in advanced age, when the text was completed in the early 13th century), but before his election as provost of Székesfehérvár (as Anonymus styled himself only magister in his work). As Anonymus knew and used the Aragonese chronicles as a source, Sólyom assumed that the young courtly cleric <mask> was a member of that Hungarian diplomatic mission, which escorted Constance of Aragon to Hungary in order to become the wife of Emeric, King of Hungary around 1197 or 1198.<mask> already served as provost of Székesfehérvár, when he was made chancellor in the royal court in 1202. This high confidence function showed that, despite his juvenile ties to Andrew, he was a confidant of King Emeric too, whose whole reign was characterized by the struggles for the Hungarian throne with his younger brother. <mask> retained his office until the death of Emeric in 1204. It is possible he is identical with that magister <mask>, who made a diplomatic visit to Rome in November 1204, according to the letter of Pope Innocent III. If <mask> is not identical with Anonymus, only the following data are certain about his early life: he was born in the 1170s and spent his childhood in Duke Andrew's surroundings. Contemporary records preserved other name variants of his name: Pescha, Pechse and Pethse. He served as provost of Székesfehérvár and royal chancellor from 1202 to 1204, before becoming Bishop of Győr until his death.Bishop of Győr
At the turn of 1204 and 1205, following the translation of Ugrin Csák to the Archdiocese of Esztergom, <mask> was elected Bishop of Győr. He was a faithful confidant of Duke Andrew, who administered the kingdom on behalf of his minor nephew, Ladislaus III. According to the Annales Admontenses, when the young Ladislaus died in exile at Vienna in May 1205, the Bishop of Győr – most likely <mask> – carried his body, the Holy Crown and the royal insignia to Székesfehérvár. Ladislaus was buried in the Székesfehérvár Basilica. It is plausible that <mask> was also present at the coronation of Andrew II on 29 May. In contemporary domestic documents and charters, <mask> first appears as suffragan on 1 August 1205, when he was still styled as bishop-elect. During his bishopric, <mask> supported the efforts of Andrew II, who introduced a new policy for royal grants, which he called "new institutions" in one of his charters.In the upcoming decade, <mask> involved in various ecclesiastical disputes and lawsuit as an papal trustee and arbitrator due to his high degree of literacy, in addition to his proficiency in canon law. He supported the election of John, Archbishop of Esztergom during a legal controversy with Pope Innocent. When King Andrew made his brother-in-law, Berthold, Pope Innocent refused the confirm his nomination, because he was under the specified age. Archbishop John confronted with the influential Berthold in numerous occasions. Queen Gertrude's brother was tacitly supported by King Andrew II in his efforts. Upon John's request, Pope Innocent confirmed his dignity's right of the coronation of the Hungarian monarch in 1209. However Berthold used his family relationships and influence in the royal court to put John under pressure.Amidst these circumstances, John was inclined to reach agreement in 1211: the two archbishops entrusted Robert, Bishop of Veszprém and <mask>, Bishop of Győr to prepare a convention draft and submit to the Roman Curia. The proposal contained that the right of coronation should belong to the role of archbishop Esztergom, except in case of deliberate rejection, obstacle, deteriorated health condition or sede vacante, when the process must be performed by the archbishop of Kalocsa. The so-called "second coronations" (during festive events) must be celebrated jointly. The theses of the document was promoted by Andrew II himself too. However Pope Innocent refused to countersign the document on 12 February 1212, referring to its "harmful consequences" for the Kingdom of Hungary. Upon the request of Andrew II, <mask> and Robert escorted the unpopular and endangered Berthold until the Austrian border in 1214, protected by the episcopal armies of Győr and Veszprém. According to János Horváth, <mask> wrote his gesta sometimes between 1215 and 1217, and also reflected the assassination of Queen Gertrude occurred in 1213.Andrew II, who had pledged to lead a crusade to the Holy Land, petitioned Pope Innocent in 1214 to lift bishops <mask> and Kalán Bár-Kalán from being obligated to attend the Fourth Council of the Lateran in the next year, because they were planning to participate in the campaign. However Andrew had again postponed the crusade. Instead, Bishop <mask> visited Constantinople and negotiated with Henry of Flanders in mid-1215 over the proposed marriage between Andrew II and Yolanda, the daughter of the Emperor's brother-in-law, <mask> of Courtenay. After the conclusion of the agreement, <mask> brought the queen to Hungary across the Balkans. Andrew and Yolanda were married still in that year. In July 1216, the newly elected Pope Honorius III once again called upon Andrew to fulfill his father's vow to lead a crusade. Amid the preparations for war, <mask> procured Andrew II to confirm all possessions and privileges of his diocese's collegiate chapter of Vasvár.According to a royal charter from 1224, he was also granted the village of Szovát in Győr County (present-day Bágyogszovát). In May 1217, Andrew's army began its journey to the Holy Land with the participation of Thomas, Bishop-elect of Eger and <mask> of Győr. In July, they departed from Zagreb and embarked in Split two months later. The ships transported them to Acre, where they landed in October. Andrew and his army participated in the fruitless clashes at the Mount Tabor against the Ayyubids. When Andrew decided to return home at the very beginning of 1218, Thomas and <mask> remained in Syria. <mask> died there sometime in 1217 or 1218.According to István Erőss, he was killed in the skirmishes at the Anti-Lebanon Mountains. The Cronica Reinhardsbrunnensis narrated that two unnamed Hungarian bishops were perished during the Siege of Damietta. Historian Gyula Pauler identified them with <mask> of Győr and Simon of Várad. References

Sources

1170s births
1218 deaths
12th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hungary
Bishops of Győr
Christians of the Fifth Crusade

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<mask> (1578–1648), was an English puritan. Along with John Bastwick and William Prynne, <mask>'s ears were cut off in 1637 for writing pamphlets attacking the views of Archbishop Laud. Early life
He was born at Birstall, West Yorkshire, a small parish in the West Riding of Yorkshire, in the latter part of 1578 as may be inferred from his writings. His father, <mask>, was married to Maryanne Homle [Humble] on 24 June 1577. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated M.A. in 1602. His favourite preachers were Laurence Chaderton and William Perkins.On leaving the university he became tutor to two sons of Sir Robert Carey. Under James I

Through the Carey interest, <mask> obtained the post of clerk of the closet to <mask>, Prince of Wales; while acting in this capacity he composed a treatise on Antichrist, the manuscript of which was placed by the prince in his library at St. James's. He complains that Richard Neile, who was clerk of the closet to King James, opposed his advancement; however, on Prince <mask>'s death (6 November 1612) <mask> was appointed clerk of the closet to Prince Charles. On 14 July 1612 he had been incorporated M.A. at Oxford, and was again incorporated on 15 July 1617. He tells us that at the age of thirty he resolved to enter the ministry. Thomas Fuller says that he was to have attended Prince Charles to Spain (17 February 1623) for the Spanish Match, and that for some unknown reason the appointment was countermanded.<mask> does not mention this, but says that he could not get a license for a book which he wrote in 1623 against the Converted Jew by John Percy alias Fisher the Jesuit, to refute Arminianism and prove the Pope to be Antichrist. He had, in fact, thrust himself into a discussion then going on between Fisher and George Walker, minister of St. John's, Watling Street. Under Charles I

On the accession of Charles, <mask> took it as a matter of course that he would become clerk of the royal closet, but Neile was continued in that office. <mask> lost the appointment through an indiscretion. On 23 April 1625, before James had been dead a month, <mask> presented a letter to Charles, inveighing against the popish tendencies of Neile and William Laud (who in Neile's illness was acting as clerk of the closet). Charles read the letter partly through, and told <mask> 'not to attend more in his office till he should send for him.' He was not sent for, and did not reappear at court.He deplored the death of James, for the influence he saw the late king had had in regarding the nascent high-church movement. He was almost immediately presented to the rectory of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, and used his city pulpit to campaign aggressively against episcopal practices. He began to deviate from the set ceremonies, and was cited before the Court of high commission in 1626, but the proceedings were stopped. Bishop after bishop became the subject of his attack. For a publication which bore a frontispiece representing Charles in the act of assailing the pope's triple crown, he was summoned, in 1627, before the privy council, but again got off, in spite of Laud. His Babel no Bethel (1629) in reply to the Maschil of Robert Butterfield, earned him a temporary suspension from his benefice, and a spell in the Fleet Prison. More serious troubles were to come.On 5 November 1636 he preached two sermons in his own church on Proverbs xxiv. 21, 22, in which he charged the bishops with innovations amounting to a popish plot. His pulpit style was perhaps effective, but certainly not refined; he calls the bishops caterpillars instead of pillars, and 'antichristian mushrumps.' Next month he was summoned before Arthur Duck, a commissioner for causes ecclesiastical, to answer on oath to articles charging him with sedition. He refused the oath, and appealed to the king. Fifteen days afterwards he was cited before a special high commission at Doctors' Commons, did not appear, and was in his absence suspended and ordered to be apprehended. He shut himself up in his house, and published his sermons, with the title, For God and the King (1636).On 1 February 1637 his doors were forced, his study ransacked, and he was taken into custody and sent next day to the Fleet. Peter Heylyn wrote a Briefe Answer to <mask>'s sermons. Star Chamber conviction

In prison <mask> was soon joined by William Prynne and John Bastwick, a parishioner who had also written books against the Church hierarchy, and the three were proceeded against in the Star-chamber (11 March) and included in a common indictment. An attempt was made on 6 June to get the judges to treat the publications of Bastwick and <mask> (who had added to his offence by publishing, from his prison, An Apology for an Appeale, 1636 consisting of epistles to the king, the judges, and the nobility) as presenting a primâ facie case of treason, but this fell through. The defendants prepared answers to the indictment, but it was necessary that these should be signed by two counsel. <mask> was the only one who got at length the signature of a counsel, one Holt, an aged bencher of Gray's Inn, and Holt drew back, until the court agreed to accept his single signature. <mask>'s answer lay in court about three weeks, when on 19 May the attorney-general, Sir John Bankes, denouncing it as scandalous, referred it to the chief justices, Sir John Bramston and Sir John Finch.They made short work of it, striking out sixty-four sheets, and leaving no more than six lines at the beginning and twenty-four at the end. Thus mutilated, <mask> would not own it; he was not allowed to frame a new answer, and on 2 June it was ordered that he, like the rest, should be proceeded against pro confesso. Sentence was passed on 14 June, the defendants crying out for justice, and demanding that they should not be condemned without examination of their answers. <mask>, when interrogated as to his plea by the lord keeper Thomas Coventry, 1st Baron Coventry, maintained that 'a minister hath a larger liberty than always to go in a mild strain'. His defence was stopped. He was condemned to be deprived of his benefice, to be degraded from the ministry and from his academical degrees, to be fined £5,000, to be set in the pillory at Westminster and his ears to be cut off, and to be perpetually imprisoned in Lancaster Castle, without access of his wife or any friends, or use of pen, ink, and paper. For this sentence Laud thanked the court.<mask>'s parishioners signed a petition to the king for his pardon; the two who presented it committed to prison. His ears were cropped so close, according to Thomas Fuller, that the temporal artery was cut. When his wounds were healed, and he was conveyed northward on 28 July, people lined the road at Highgate to take leave of him. His wife followed in a coach, and 500 on horseback accompanied him as far as St. Albans. At Lancaster, <mask> was confined in a large smoky room without furniture; the gaps between the planks of the floor made it dangerous to walk, and underneath was a dark room in which were kept five witches. The allowance for diet was not paid. Dr. Augustine Wildbore, vicar of Lancaster, kept a watchful eye over <mask>'s reading; Lord Clarendon says that despite precautions, papers from <mask> were circulated in London.A pamphlet giving an account of his censure in the Star-chamber was published in 1637. On 1 November he was sent to Guernsey, where he arrived on 15 December and was shut up in a cell at Castle Cornet. Here he had no books except his bibles in Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and French, and an ecclesiastical history in Greek, but he managed to get pen, ink, and paper, and wrote two books, which were not printed. His wife was not allowed to see him, though his only daughter died during his imprisonment. Release and later life

On 7 November 1640 his wife presented a petition to the House of Commons for his release, and on 10 November the house ordered him to be sent to London. The order arrived at Guernsey on Sunday, 15 November and <mask> embarked on the 21st. At Dartmouth, on the 22nd, he met Prynne, and their journey to London was again a triumphal progress.They were escorted from Charing Cross to the City of London. On 30 November <mask> appeared before the House, and on 5 December presented a petition; the House on 12 March 1641 declared the proceedings against him illegal, and cast Laud and others in damages. On 24 March his sentence was reversed, and his benefice ordered to be restored; on 20 April a sum of £6,000 was voted to him; on 8 June a further order for his restoration to his benefice was made out. He recovered his degrees, and received that of B.D. in addition. The money was not paid, nor did he get his benefice, to which Robert Chestlin had been regularly presented. On 5 October 1642 his old parishioners petitioned the House that he might be appointed Sunday afternoon lecturer, and this was done.Chestlin, who resisted the appointment, was imprisoned at Colchester for a seditious sermon; he escaped to the king at Oxford. Left thus in possession at St. Matthew's, Friday Street, <mask> organised a church on the independent model. He preached before parliament, but did not approve the course which events subsequently took. He was for some time allowed to hold a catechetical lecture every Tuesday fortnight at St. Mary's, Aldermanbury, but on his introducing his independent views the churchwardens locked him out in September 1645. This led to an angry pamphlet war with Edmund Calamy, rector of the parish. During his imprisonment he suffered from kidney disease, which was probably the cause of his death. He was buried on 7 January 1648.Works

S. R. Gardiner says of <mask>'s Protestation Protested, published in July 1641, that it 'sketched out that plan of a national church, surrounded by voluntary churches, which was accepted at the revolution of 1688.' He published a Vindication of Churches commonly called Independent, 1644 (in answer to Prynne), and exercised a strict ecclesiastical discipline within his congregation. <mask>'s other main publications were:

A Censvre of Simonie, 1624. A Plea to an Appeale, 1626. The Seven Vials; or a briefe Exposition upon the 15 and 16 chapters of the Revelation, 1628. A Tryall of Private Devotion, 1628. England's Bondage and Hope of Deliverance, 1641, sermon from Psalm liii 7, 8, before the parliament on 20 June).Truth still Truth, though shut out of doors, 1645, (distinct from Truth shut out of doores, a previous pamphlet of the same year). The Grand Impostor Unmasked, or a detection of the notorious hypocrisie and desperate impiety of the late Archbishop (so styled) of Canterbury, cunningly couched in that written copy which he read on the scaffold, &c. 4to, n.d.
Conformities Deformity, 1646. Family
He and his first wife, Anne, he had two children: Anne, baptised 21 September 1621, and <mask>, baptised 13 May 1624, who married Ursula Maisters on 30 November 1647, and is described  as a merchant. His second wife, Sarah, and son, <mask>, survived him, and on 17 February 1652 petitioned the house for maintenance; the son received lands of £200 yearly value from the estates of certain delinquents, out of which his widow was to have £100 a year for life. See also
Nathaniel Holmes

Notes

References
 <mask> at Spartacus Educational

Attribution

External links

1578 births
1648 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English Caroline nonconforming clergy
English independent ministers of the Interregnum (England)
17th-century English Puritan ministers
People from Birstall, West Yorkshire
Clergy from Yorkshire
16th-century English theologians
17th-century English theologians
English male non-fiction writers

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