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General <mask> (April 3, 1919 – December 2, 1975) was an American World War II flying ace, and later the commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) and director of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff at Offutt Air Force Base, Nebraska. SAC was the United States' major nuclear deterrent force with bombers, tankers and reconnaissance aircraft, and intercontinental ballistic missiles. The Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff coordinated the nation's nuclear war plans and developed the Single Integrated Operations Plan. Early life
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, on April 3, 1919. He attended schools in New York and left Dartmouth to become an Aviation Cadet in 1939. After World War II, he graduated from Dartmouth College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political geography. Military career
<mask> enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps in November 1939 in order to become a pilot.In July 1940 he was commissioned a second lieutenant and awarded pilot wings. Second Lieutenant <mask> was assigned to flight instructor duty at Randolph Field, Texas and Gunter Field, Alabama. He was then transferred to the 33rd Pursuit Squadron of the 8th Pursuit Group at Mitchel Field, New York to fly the Curtiss P-40. During the tense days before the United States entered World War II, the Group was sent to Iceland, flying convoy patrol missions. World War II
In September 1942 he was assigned to the newly formed 352nd Fighter Group at Westover, Massachusetts where he, as a 1st Lieutenant, assumed command of the 34th Pursuit Squadron that had recently returned from the Philippines in name only and was in need of new equipment and personnel. By the end of December, <mask> had received most of the ground personnel and had twenty six pilots assigned, but had no aircraft. In January, the unit moved to New Haven, Connecticut and began picking up the first Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters that it would take to combat.The 34th was redesignated as the 487th Fighter Squadron in May 1943 prior to receiving orders to deploy to England. Captain <mask> took the 487th Fighter Squadron to its new base at RAF Bodney in East Anglia and into combat, scoring its first victory in November. By then he had been promoted to major and began leading the group in aerial victories. He continued to score against German fighters and remain a leading ace after the 352nd transitioned to the North American P-51 Mustang and adopted their famous "Blue Noses". By November 1944 he was deputy commander of the 352nd Fighter Group and the fourth highest scoring American ace in Europe with 24 confirmed air-to-air victories and 13 destroyed on the ground. In December <mask>, as a Lieutenant Colonel, deployed with the 352nd to a forward base in Belgium designated "Y-29". His foresight in having the 487th squadron preflighted and ready to take off on 1 January averted a major disaster when the field was attacked by fighters of Jagdgeschwader 11 in the massive aerial assault known as Operation Bodenplatte.<mask> led the takeoff under fire and scored against a strafing Focke-Wulf Fw 190 before his landing gear retracted earning a Distinguished Service Cross that day. Later, a vehicle accident left him with a severe leg injury thereby ending his combat flying with the 352nd after flying 200 combat missions with 462 combat flying hours and scoring 24 aerial victories with another 13 credited to ground strafing. Postwar assignments
In 1948, <mask> was selected as the Secretary of the Air Force's principal point of contact with the United States House of Representatives. Korean War
<mask> then returned to a tactical flying unit in August 1950 when he assumed command of the 4th Fighter Wing at New Castle, Delaware. He took the North American F-86 Sabre jet wing to Korea where it flew in the First United Nations Counteroffensive and Chinese Communist Forces Spring Offensive campaigns. In December 1950, <mask>, led a flight of eight F-86 Sabres against 15 MiG-15s in the first major all-jet fighter battle in history. The flight downed six MiGs without sustaining any losses.During the war, he destroyed two MiG-15 aircraft, bringing his total of enemy aircraft destroyed (air and ground) in both World War II and Korean War to 39½. Postwar assignments

After a tour of duty as Director of Operations for Air Defense Command and Continental Air Defense Command, General <mask> graduated from the Air War College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, in June 1956, and was retained as an instructor at the college. He was then assigned to Strategic Air Command (SAC) where he commanded two air divisions in the Northeast United States. In July 1962 he moved to SAC headquarters at Offutt Air Force Base, as the deputy director of plans, and also served as the commander-in-chief of SAC's representative to the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. In November 1963 General <mask> assumed command of the Tactical Air Command's Twelfth Air Force with headquarters at James Connally AFB in Waco, Texas. Twelfth Air Force provided tactical air units for joint logistic and close air support training with Army ground units stationed in the western half of the United States. In February 1966 he was assigned to the Organization of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff where he served first as deputy director and then vice director of the Joint Staff.In May 1967 he became the director of operations on the Joint Staff. <mask> became the vice chief of staff of the United States Air Force in August 1969, remaining in that post through April 1972. On May 1, 1972, he became the seventh commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command, and the director of the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff. As commander of SAC from 1972 to 1974, he directed Operation Linebacker II, the 'Christmas Bombing' of North Vietnam. General <mask>'s military career has included a broad variety of Air Force and joint assignments. He held operational jobs in air defense interceptors, tactical fighters and strategic bombers. He had also been a key member of the Joint Staff, the Headquarters U.S. Air Force staff, and the Strategic Air Command staff.He had been called upon to command major tactical and strategic units, and retired on July 1, 1974, as commander-in-chief of the Strategic Air Command. Later life
<mask> died of a heart attack on December 2, 1975, and is buried with full military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. In 1988, <mask> was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame. Awards and decorations
<mask>'s military decorations include the Distinguished Service Cross with two oak leaf clusters, Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster, Silver Star with oak leaf cluster, Legion of Merit, Distinguished Flying Cross with six oak leaf clusters, Air Medal with 14 oak leaf clusters, Croix de Guerre with palm from both France and Belgium. In March 1973 be received the Frank Hawks Memorial Award for his many contributions to aviation. He retired July 1, 1974. Distinguished Service Cross citation (1st Award)

<mask>, <mask>.
Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps), U.S. Army Air Forces
487th Fighter Squadron, 352nd Fighter Group, 8th Air Force
Date of Action:  May 08, 1944

Citation:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps) <mask> <mask>, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a P-51 Fighter Airplane in the 487th Fighter Squadron, 352d Fighter Group, Eighth Air Force, in aerial combat against enemy forces on 8 May 1944, during an air mission over Germany.On this date, Lieutenant Colonel <mask> led a flight of eight fighters in an attack against greatly superior numbers of enemy fighters trying to intercept a friendly bomber formation. The enemy flight was dispersed. During the engagement Lieutenant Colonel <mask> became separated from his flight except for one wingman and lost considerable altitude. While regaining altitude he observed another flight of fifteen more enemy fighters flying toward the bombers. Accompanied only by his wingman, he unhesitatingly attacked the formation with utter disregard of the odds against him, destroyed two enemy fighters and broke up the formation. Before setting course for home Lieutenant Colonel <mask> attacked and destroyed another enemy fighter. The courage and determination to destroy the enemy displayed by Lieutenant Colonel <mask> upon this occasion reflect highest credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of the United States.Distinguished Service Cross citation (2nd Award)

<mask>, <mask>.
Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps), U.S. Army Air Forces
487th Fighter Squadron, 352nd Fighter Group, 8th Air Force
Date of Action:  September 11, 1944

Citation:

The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Award of the Distinguished Service Cross to Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps) <mask> <mask>, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a P-51 Fighter Airplane in the 487th Fighter Squadron, 352d Fighter Group, Eighth Air Force, in aerial combat against enemy forces on 11 September 1944. On this date, Lieutenant Colonel <mask> was leading his squadron of P-51 fighters and was proceeding to rendezvous with a task force of heavy bombers, when he observed approximately thirty hostile aircraft forming up near the bomber track. He promptly led his squadron in an attack on the enemy formation and succeeded in scattering it into ones and twos. With the enemy separated, his squadron proceeded to engage them with great tenacity. Lieutenant Colonel <mask> sent one enemy plane crashing to the ground and found himself separated entirely from his squadron. At this time he observed about fifteen enemy aircraft preparing to engage the bombers. Without regard to the superior enemy numbers, he unhesitatingly attacked the enemy formation without support of any kind, and destroyed three of them.The formation was dispersed and any possible attack on the bombers frustrated. The outstanding heroism and devotion to duty displayed by Lieutenant Colonel <mask> on this occasion are in keeping with the highest traditions of the Armed Forces of the United States. Distinguished Service Cross citation (3rd Award)

<mask>, <mask>.
Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps), U.S. Army Air Forces
487th Fighter Squadron, 352nd Fighter Group, 8th Air Force
Date of Action:  January 01, 1945

Citation:
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting a Second Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Third Award of the Distinguished Service Cross to Lieutenant Colonel (Air Corps) <mask> <mask>, United States Army Air Forces, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy while serving as Pilot of a P-51 Fighter Airplane and as Deputy Commander, 352d Fighter Group, Eighth Air Force, in aerial combat against enemy forces on 1 January 1945. On this date, to save the airfield and ground personnel from extensive damage by a surprise enemy strafing attack, Colonel <mask> unhesitatingly led his squadron off the field in the face of an attacking force of approximately fifty hostile fighters, and engaged the enemy as they initiated their first strafing run. Despite the enemy's great tactical advantage in numbers and position, and although his own aircraft was burdened with loaded wing tanks and its maneuverability greatly reduced, Colonel <mask> viciously engaged the enemy formation, personally destroying two of their aircraft. His valiant action in the face of extreme danger unquestionably saved the airfield from great damage. The extraordinary heroism and complete disregard for his personal safety displayed by Colonel <mask> on this occasion reflect highest credit upon himself and the Armed Forces of the United States.References

External links

 Additional information from Aces of the Eighth Air Force in World War II

1919 births
1975 deaths
American Korean War pilots
American World War II flying aces
Aviators from New York (state)
Dartmouth College alumni
Military personnel from New York City
People from Brooklyn
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Air Medal
Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium)
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
United States Air Force generals
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force

masks:
John Charles Meyer
Meyer
Meyer
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Meyer
Meyer
Meyer
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Meyer
Meyer
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Meyer
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John C
John Charles
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John C
John Charles
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John C
John Charles
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<mask>. (born May 15, 1992) is a Mexican professional boxer. He is considered one of the best prospects to come from Mexico. Personal life
Nicknamed Cañitas after his father Cañas which is Spanish for sugar cane. His father, <mask>., is a boxing agent who mans the career of <mask>. and also of newly crowned three time world champion Humberto Soto as well as practically every top prospect in the Mexican town of Tijuana which includes Marvin Quintero. Professional career
Lozada turned professional at only sixteen years of age. His eighteenth victory came in Cozumel, going the distance with Tomas Sierra. In 2009 he was not very busy due to a nasal operation but in October of that year he fought Salvador Carreon winning by third-round TKO.He headlined his first nationally televised  card in April 2010 on Televisa, where he won the WBC FECARBOX light welterweight title by defeating the veteran Colombian Henry Aurad via second-round TKO. On June 25, 2011 Lozada faced then-undefeated Roberto Ortiz for the WBC Silver light welterweight title. On March 17, 2018, Lozada knocked out Puerto Rico prospect Felix Verdejo in 10 rounds. Professional boxing record

|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align="center" colspan=8|40 Wins (34 knockouts, 6 decisions), 5 Losses, 1 Draw
|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Res.

masks:
Antonio Lozada Jr
Antonio Lozada Sr
Lozada Jr


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Yolande of Aragon (11 August 1384 – 14 November 1442) was Duchess of Anjou and Countess of Provence by marriage, who acted as regent of Provence during the minority of her son. She was a daughter of John I of Aragon and his wife <mask> of Bar (daughter of Robert I, Duke of Bar, and Marie of Valois). Yolande played a crucial role in the struggles between France and England, influencing events such as the financing of <mask>'s army in 1429 that helped tip the balance in favour of the French. She was also known as Yolanda de Aragón and Violant d'Aragó. Tradition holds that she commissioned the famous Rohan Hours. Family and marriage
Yolande was born in Zaragoza, Aragon, on 11 August 1384, the eldest daughter of King John I of Aragon by his second wife, Yolande of Bar, the granddaughter of King John II of France. She had three brothers and two sisters, as well as five older half-siblings from her father's first marriage to Martha of Armagnac.Yolande later played an important role in the politics of England, France, and Aragon during the first half of the 15th century. In 1389, Louis II was crowned King of Naples. His mother Marie of Blois opened negotiations for a marriage between her son and Yolande to prevent Aragon from obstructing his rule there. When Yolande was eleven, she signed a document to disavow any promises made by ambassadors about her marrying Louis II. In 1395, Richard II of England also opened negotiations for Yolande's hand. To prevent this marriage, Charles VI of France offered his own daughter Isabella to King Richard. After the death of Yolande's father, Marie of Blois convinced Yolande's uncle Martin I of Aragon to have Yolande wed Louis II.Yolande signed a protest, but was forced to retract it later. The couple married in Arles on December 2, 1400. Despite Yolande's earlier objections and the later illnesses of her husband, the marriage was a success. Claim to the Aragonese throne
As the surviving daughter of King John I of Aragon, she claimed the throne of Aragon after the deaths of her elder sister Joanna, Countess of Foix, and her uncle, King Martin I. However, unclear though they were, the laws of succession for Aragon and Barcelona at that time were understood to favour all male relatives over the females (which is how Yolande's uncle Martin of Aragon came to inherit the throne of Aragon). Martin died without surviving issue in 1410, and after two years without a king, the Estates of Aragon elected Ferdinand, the second son of Eleanor of Aragon and John I of Castile, as the next King of Aragon. The Anjou candidate for the throne of Aragon was Yolande's eldest son Louis III of Anjou, Duke of Calabria, whose claim was forfeited in the Pact of Caspe.Yolande and her sons regarded themselves as the heirs with the stronger claim, and began to use the title of Kings of Aragon. As a result of this additional inheritance, Yolande was called the "Queen of Four Kingdoms" - the four apparently Sicily, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Aragon. Another interpretation specifies Naples separate from Sicily, plus Jerusalem and Aragon. The number could be raised to seven if the two component kingdoms of the Crown of Aragon (Majorca and Valencia) and Sardinia were included. However, the reality was that Yolande and her family controlled territories in these kingdoms only at short intervals, if ever. Their true realm was the Anjou fiefdoms across France: they held uncontestably the provinces of Provence and Anjou, and also at times Bar, Maine, Touraine and Valois. Yolande's son René I of Anjou became ruler of Lorraine through his marriage to Isabella, Duchess of Lorraine.France and the House of Anjou
In the emerging second phase of the Hundred Years' War, Yolande chose to support the French (in particular the Armagnac party) against the English and the Burgundians. After John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, instigated a mob attack on the Dauphin of France in 1413, she and her husband repudiated the engagement of their son Louis to John's daughter Catherine of Burgundy, which placed them decisively in the Armagnac camp. In the same year, Yolande met with Queen Isabeau of France to finalize a marriage contract between her daughter Marie and Isabeau's third surviving son Charles. After his two older brothers died, she supported the claim of the Dauphin Charles who, relying upon Yolande's resources and help, succeeded in becoming crowned Charles VII of France. As Charles' own mother, Queen Isabeau, worked against his claims, it has been said that Yolande was the person who protected the adolescent Charles against all sorts of plots on his life and acted as a substitute mother. She removed Charles from his parents' court and kept him in her own castles, usually those in the Loire Valley, where Charles received Joan of Arc. Yolande arranged the marriage of Charles to her daughter Mary of Anjou, thus becoming Charles' mother-in-law.This led to Yolande's personal, and crucial, involvement in the struggle for the survival of the House of Valois in France. Yolande's marriage to Louis II of Anjou, at Arles in December 1400, was arranged as a part of long-standing efforts to resolve contested claims upon the kingdom of Sicily and Naples between the houses of Anjou and Aragon. Louis spent much of his life fighting in Italy for his claim to the Kingdom of Naples. In France, Yolande was the Duchess of Anjou and the Countess of Provence. She preferred to hold court in Angers and Saumur. She had six children, and through her second son René was the grandmother of Margaret of Anjou, the wife of King Henry VI of England. With the victory of the English over the French at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the Duchy of Anjou was threatened.The French king, Charles VI, was mentally ill and his realm was in a state of civil war between the Burgundians and the Orleanists (Armagnacs). The situation was made worse by an alliance between the Duke of Burgundy, John the Fearless, the English, and the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria, who submitted to the Duke of Burgundy's scheme to deny the crown of France to the children of Charles VI. Fearing the abusive power building behind the Duke of Burgundy, Louis II had Yolande move with her children and future son-in-law, Charles, to Provence in southern France. The Dauphin
In the years 1415 and 1417, the two oldest surviving sons of Charles VI of France died in quick succession:  first Louis, then Jean. Both brothers had been in the care of the Duke of Burgundy. Yolande was the protectress of her son-in-law, Charles, who became the new Dauphin. She refused Queen Isabeau's orders to return Charles to the French Court, reportedly replying, "We have not nurtured and cherished this one for you to make him die like his brothers or to go mad like his father, or to become English like you.I keep him for my own. Come and take him away, if you dare." (according to Jehan de Bourdigné)

On 29 April 1417, Louis II of Anjou died of illness, leaving Yolande, at age 33, in control of the House of Anjou. She acted as regent for her son because of his youth. She also had the fate of the French royal house of Valois in her hands. Her young son-in-law, the Dauphin Charles, was exceptionally vulnerable to the designs of the English King, Henry V, and to his older cousin, John the Fearless, the Duke of Burgundy. Charles' nearest older relatives, the Dukes of Orléans and of Bourbon, had been made prisoners at the Battle of Agincourt and were held captive by the English.With his mother, Queen Isabeau, and the Duke of Burgundy allied with the English, Charles had no resources to support him other than those of the House of Anjou and the smaller House of Armagnac. Following the assassination of John the Fearless at Montereau in 1419, his son Philip the Good succeeded him as Duke of Burgundy. With Henry V of England, he forced the Treaty of Troyes (21 May 1420) on the mentally-ill King Charles VI. The treaty designated Henry as "Regent of France" and heir to the French throne. Following this, the Dauphin Charles was declared disinherited in 1421. When both Henry V of England and Charles VI of France died in 1422 (on 31 August and 21 October, respectively), the Dauphin Charles, at age 19, legitimately became Charles VII of France. Charles' title was challenged by the English and their Burgundian allies, who supported the candidacy of Henry VI of England, the infant son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois, Charles' own sister, as king of France.This set the stage for the last phase of the Hundred Years' War: the "War of Charles VII". In this struggle, Yolande played a prominent role in surrounding the young Valois king with advisers and servants associated with the House of Anjou. She manoeuvred John VI, Duke of Brittany, into breaking an alliance with the English, and was responsible for a soldier from the Breton ducal family, Arthur de Richemont, becoming Constable of France in 1425. Yolande gave early and strong support to <mask> Arc, when others had doubts. Yolande unquestionably practised realistic politics. Using the Constable de Richemont, Yolande was behind the forceful removal of several of Charles VII's advisers. Thus, La Trémoille was attacked and forced from the court in 1433.The contemporary chronicler Jean Juvenal des Ursins (1433–44), Bishop of Beauvais, described Yolande as "the prettiest woman in the kingdom." Bourdigné, chronicler of the house of Anjou, says of her: "She who was said to be the wisest and most beautiful princess in Christendom." Later, King Louis XI of France recalled that his grandmother had "a man's heart in a woman's body." A twentieth-century French author, Jehanne d'Orliac, wrote one of the few works specifically on Yolande, and noted that the duchess remains unappreciated for her genius and influence in the reign of Charles VII. "She is mentioned in passing because she is the pivot of all important events for forty-two years in France", while "Joan [of Arc] was in the public eye only eleven months." Yolande retired to Angers and then to Saumur. She continued to play a role in politics.When the bishopric in Angers fell vacant, she threatened Charles VII's candidate with beheading if he showed up in the city. The king backed down and the post went to her secretary. At least from 1439 onwards, her granddaughter Margaret of Anjou came to live with her. Yolande taught her not only etiquette and literature, but also how to check account books. Her last act before her death was to prepare Margaret for a possible marriage with Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor. She received his ambassadors in Samur and presented her granddaughter to them. She died at the town house of the Seigneur de Tucé in Saumur on 14 November 1442.Marriage and issue
She was betrothed in 1390 to Louis, the heir of Anjou (who had one year earlier succeeded in conquering Naples and become King Ludovico II of Naples), and married him on 2 December 1400 at Montpellier. Their children were:

 Louis III of Anjou (25 September 1403 – 12 November 1434), Duke of Anjou, Titular King of Naples. He was adopted by Queen Joanna II of Naples. Married Margaret of Savoy. Died childless;
 Marie of Anjou (14 October 1404 – 29 November 1463). Married in 1422 King Charles VII of France. Had issue including King Louis XI of France;
 René I of Naples (16 January 1409 – 10 July 1480), Duke of Anjou and Bar, Duke Consort of Lorraine, Titular King of Sicily and Naples.Married Duchess Isabella of Lorraine. They were the parents of Margaret of Anjou, Queen-Consort of England. <mask> of Anjou (13 August 1412 – 17 July 1440). Married in 1431 Francis, Count of Montfort l'Amaury, who succeeded his father in 1442 as Duke of Brittany. Charles of Anjou (14 October 1414 – 10 April 1472), Count of Maine (who never was Duke of Anjou, but his namesake son was). Married firstly Cobella Ruffo and secondly Isabelle de St.Pol, Countess of Guise. Had issue by both marriages.Fictional portrayals
Queen Yolande appears as a character in Jean Anouilh's acclaimed play about <mask> Arc The Lark, the role being created by Denise Perret; and in the TV series Catherine, in which she was played by Geneviève Casile, the grand dame of the French theatre. Yolande also appears as a character in the 1999 film The Messenger: The Story of <mask> Arc, in which she is played by actress Faye Dunaway. She is also the subject of a historical novel The Queen of Four Kingdoms, by Princess Michael of Kent (Beaufort Books, 2014), as well as an important side person in Milja Kaunisto's book trilogy(Synnintekijä 2013, Kalmantanssi 2014 and Piispansormus 2015) about Olaus Magni's life

Sources
 Zita Rohr, "Lifting the Tapestry: The Designs of Yolande of Aragon (1381-1442)", in Anthony McElligott, Liam Chambers, Ciara Breathnach, Catherine Lawless (dir. ), Power in History : From Medieval Ireland to the Post-Modern World, Dublin / Portland, Oregon, Irish Academic Press, coll. "Historical studies" (n° 27), 2011, XVI-314 p. (), pp. 145–166. Zita Eva Rohr, <mask> of Aragon (1381-1442).Family and Power: The Reverse of the Tapestry, Basingstoke/New York, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. ()
  Philippe Contamine, "Yolande d'Aragon et Jeanne d'Arc : l'improbable rencontre de deux parcours politiques", in Éric Bousmar, Jonathan Dumont, Alain Marchandisse et Bertrand Schnerb (dir. ), Femmes de pouvoir, femmes politiques durant les derniers siècles du Moyen Âge et au cours de la première Renaissance, Bruxelles, De Boeck, coll. "Bibliothèque du Moyen Âge", 2012, 656 p. (), pp. 11–30. References

1384 births
1442 deaths
People of the Hundred Years' War
Aragon, Yolande of
Aragon, Yolande of
Medieval French nobility
Duchesses of Anjou
Countesses of Maine
Countesses of Provence
House of Aragon
House of Valois-Anjou
Aragonese infantas
15th-century women rulers
People of Byzantine descent
14th-century French women
15th-century French women
14th-century Spanish women
15th-century Spanish women
14th-century French people
15th-century French people
14th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon
15th-century people from the Kingdom of Aragon
Daughters of kings

masks:
Yolande
Joan of Arc
Joan of
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Joan of
Joan of
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<mask> (born December 17, 1944) is an Italian-American professor of medicine at Ohio State University, specializing in oncology and the molecular mechanisms underlying cancer. Croce and his research have attracted public attention because of multiple allegations of scientific misconduct. Education and career
<mask> graduated in 1969 summa cum laude in medicine and Latin from La Sapienza University of Rome. His research career in the United States began the following year at the Wistar Institute of Biology and Anatomy in Philadelphia. In 1980, <mask> was named Wistar Professor of Genetics at the University of Pennsylvania and associate director of the Wistar Institute, and from 1988-1991 he was director of the Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology at Temple University School of Medicine. In 1991, <mask> was named Director of the Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Medical College at the Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. In 1994, <mask> joined the Council for Tobacco Research’s scientific advisory board, where he remained until the group closed after the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement,  and during which time tobacco companies used Croce's research into fragile histidine triad (FHIT) to argue that lung cancer was an inherited condition.While at Jefferson, <mask> and his research team discovered in 2002 a role of microRNAs in cancer pathogenesis and progression. In 2004, <mask> moved to Ohio State University (OSU), where he had been an external advisor since 1988, receiving a initial salary of $475,000 and taking with him over 100 staff. In 2013, <mask> resigned from the Ri.MED Foundation's scientific committee due to its director's support for the controversial Stamina therapy. In 2016, <mask> was paid more than $850,000 by Ohio State. In 2019, <mask> was removed as chair of the Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics at OSU, and he subsequently sued OSU to be reinstated, losing his request for a temporary restraining order although retaining his salary of $804,461 per year. Although Croce publicly stated that he was given no reason for his removal as chair, OSU produced a letter that provided such reasons, including that Croce "failed to provide appropriate evaluation and guidance for the faculty", "has been resistant to following normal procedures for developing faculty letters of offer and determining salary parameters", "has also not met some of the basic chair responsibilities regarding governance of the Department", and "is deficient in his ability to manage university and department finances". Regarding the latter, OSU has reported that Croce "mismanaged funds and engaged in non-compliance in clinical trials".<mask> has received over $86 million in federal grants as a principal investigator, with $29.1 million received since he joined Ohio State. Investigations into scientific misconduct
<mask>'s research and publications have been scrutinized by the scientific community for possible scientific misconduct, including image and data manipulation. While working at Jefferson, federal investigators alleged <mask> and a colleague had submitted false claims for research never undertaken. The university settled the allegations, paying $2.6 million to the government without admitting any wrongdoing. In 2007, OSU investigated <mask> for misconduct after the National Institutes of Health (NIH) returned a funding application that contained major portions identical to an application submitted months earlier by Croce's junior colleague. OSU later cleared Croce of misconduct after accusations that he had patented a researcher's work without providing proper credit, that members of his lab had inappropriately used grant money for personal trips abroad, and that Croce improperly pressured colleagues for research attribution. Since 2013, several scientists have claimed research misconduct on the part of Croce, and as of 2020 these allegations remain under investigation by the federal Office of Research Integrity (ORI).Members of the scientific community have pointed out the "tremendous conflict of interest" attached to OSU's investigations of Croce, as Croce's federal research funding includes $8.7 million provided directly to the university in overhead costs. In 2013, following accusations from science critic Clare Francis of image manipulation in over 30 research papers, OSU instructed Croce to correct or retract some of his research publications; in 2015, the journal Clinical Cancer Research issued a correction after being contacted on the matter by a newspaper. In 2014, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America dismissed a challenge that <mask>'s 2005 paper on the WWOX gene contained manipulated western blots, but in 2017 the journal agreed to correct the paper after consulting with experts. In 2016, <mask> was found to have plagiarized a paper he published in PLoS One from six separate sources. In 2017, the journal Cell Death and Differentiation retracted a paper Croce had published in 2010 after it learned that images had been copied from a 2008 paper published in another journal. Also in 2017, the Journal of Biological Chemistry retracted a paper Croce had published in 2008 due to image/figure irregularities. In 2018, two cancer researchers at OSU, Samson T. Jacob and Ching-Shih Chen, both colleagues and co-authors with Croce on two papers each, were found to have engaged in scientific misconduct.On May 10, 2017, <mask> filed a lawsuit against The New York Times and several of its writers and editors for defamation, invasion of privacy, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. In November 2018, United States District Judge James Graham dismissed virtually all of <mask>'s lawsuit. In 2017 <mask> also filed a defamation lawsuit against critic David Sanders of Purdue University, who was quoted in The New York Times article. In May 2020 Croce lost the defamation lawsuit against Sanders (within the deposition phase of which Croce stated, "I am considered like the Pope of the genetics of leukemias and lymphomas. "), with the presiding judge writing that "[d]iscovery has proved the existence of about 30 instances of fabrication or duplication" in Croce's research papers." Croce lost his appeals in both the New York Times and Sanders cases, with appellate judges in the latter case writing that Croce's "papers contained problems outside the range of acceptable research." In 2019 <mask> lost a lawsuit he brought against Ohio State University to be reinstated as chair of the Department of Cancer Genetics and Biology, and in 2021 Croce lost the appeal of that decision.In June 2020, <mask>, who has been described by Sanders as "a serial plaintiff", was sued by the law firm Kegler Brown Hill + Ritter, of Columbus, OH, for $923,445.51 in unpaid fees associated with Croce's defamation lawsuits related to his scientific misconduct. In January 2021, <mask> was sued by the law firm James E. Arnold & Associates, of Columbus, OH, for over $690,000 in unpaid legal fees associated with <mask>'s lawsuits related to his scientific misconduct. As of 2021, ten of <mask>'s research publications have been retracted, three others have received an expression of concern, and 21 others have been corrected. Personal life
Croce has said Columbus, Ohio lacks culture, motivating him to spend more of his time traveling than on campus. Croce privately collects Italian Renaissance and Baroque paintings, with a claimed ability to identify and purchase genuine masters for a fraction of their worth. Awards

In 2006 Croce received the Clowes Memorial Award from the American Association for Cancer Research for his discoveries of the molecular mechanisms of leukemia. In 2010, he was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.In 2017, Croce received the <mask>i Award from the AACR for Leadership and Extraordinary Achievements in Cancer Research. See also
 List of scientific misconduct incidents

References

1944 births
Living people
Physicians from Milan
Sapienza University of Rome alumni
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Italian oncologists
Fellows of the AACR Academy
Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology

masks:
Carlo Maria Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Croce
Margaret Fot


texts:
<mask>. (March 5, 1915 – May 4, 2010) was one of the first African American realtors in Cincinnati, the first African American broker to join the Cincinnati Board of Realtors, the first African American broker to serve as President of the Cincinnati Board of Realtors, and also the first African American trustee at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. He was appointed trustee of Ohio University by former Ohio Governor John J. Gilligan. He was the first African American to chair the Ohio University board of trustees in 1979 and served on the Ohio University board from 1974 to 1983. He was also the charter member of the Beta Eta chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi, a predominantly African American fraternity, at the University of Cincinnati. He chartered the chapter in 1939. Personal life
The grandson of a slave, he grew up in Cincinnati with his mother, Josephine; his father, Charles; his brother, Joseph; and his sister, Valerie. <mask> graduated from Walnut Hills High School in 1932.He was also a graduate of the University of Cincinnati, with the Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry, Bachelor of Education, and Master of Education degrees. While at the University of Cincinnati, <mask> founded Quadres, a strong campus organization that promoted equal opportunities for African American students. He married <mask> in 1940 in <mask>’s hometown of Gallipolis, Ohio. They have two sons, <mask>. and Edward Alexander. They have two grandsons, Matthew and Oliver, and one granddaughter, Benita. Career
Before becoming a realtor and lifelong civil rights activist, <mask> was a school teacher in the Cincinnati Public Schools. He taught for the Cincinnati Public Schools for eighteen years.He taught at Harriet Beecher Stowe Elementary School in the West End, Cincinnati neighborhood. He taught at Frederick Douglass Elementary School in the Walnut Hills, Cincinnati neighborhood. He also taught at Bloom Junior High School. He was the first African American broker to join the Cincinnati Board of Realtors in 1986, and was later elected president of the organization. He also served as a member of the organization’s statewide legislative committee in Ohio. When he joined the Cincinnati Board of Realtors, he accepted his post only after clearly stating his non-allegiance to any covert housing restrictions the board might endorse. He was active with PAC, the national policy-making commission of the National Association of Real Estate Brokers.He was the founder of his real estate firm, Donald A. Spencer and Associates. The firm grew to twenty-three associates with offices in Walnut Hills, Cincinnati and Avondale, Cincinnati. He was a successful businessman and real estate developer. He was a lifetime member of the NAACP. <mask> was also an accomplished jazz musician who wrote two musical plays, Who’da Thought It and Watcha' Doin' Now, and his works were performed at the University of Cincinnati and he sponsored a performance of his musical plays at the Cincinnati Art Museum. A lifelong supporter of Cincinnati Public Schools, <mask> chaired the 2001 campaign, successfully passing the November tax levy. In 2003, he served with CASE, Cincinnatians Active in the Support of Education, which led to the passing of the $435-million levy to build 35 new schools and renovate the remaining 31 buildings.In 2005, he was named a "Great Living Cincinnatian" by the Cincinnati USA Regional Chamber. He was the first recipient of this award to be married to a previous recipient, his wife <mask>. In 2006, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the University of Cincinnati. In 2010, the Cincinnati Public Schools renamed an elementary school in Walnut Hills, Cincinnati the Donald A. and Marian Spencer Education Center. <mask> with his wife, in 1992, established the <mask> and Marian Spencer Endowment for the African American Library Collection at Ohio University. <mask> and <mask> received honorary degrees from Ohio University in 1994. <mask> was involved with the Avondale Community Council, Cincinnati Board of Housing Appeals, Cincinnati USA Regional Chamber and YMCA of Greater Cincinnati.The <mask> A. <mask> Achievement Award was established in his honor to recognize the accomplishments of minority students at Ohio University and the Blackburn-Spencer Scholarship and Achievement Awards were named in part for him. He served on the boards of Ohio University (two years as president), Ohio Valley Goodwill, the Fenwick Club, and Family Housing Developers. He was a founding board member of the Friends of Cincinnati Parks and an executive board member of the Walnut Hills High School Foundation, which developed a $12-million addition to the public high school with private funds, a first in the United States. He also was active in the Boys Club, the Cincinnatus Association, the City of Cincinnati Board of Housing Appeals, the Task Force on Racial Isolation in Cincinnati Public Schools, and Cincinnati’s Historic Conservation Board. He was a trustee for thirty years at Mt. Zion United Methodist Church, now the New Vision United Methodist Church. In 1997, he received the Charles P. Taft Civic Gumption Award from the Cincinnati Charter Committee of the Charter Party.In 2001 the Cincinnati Park Board created the Donald A. Spencer Overlook in Eden Park to recognize his years of service to the park system. <mask> received the Founders’ Citation from the Ohio University Board of Trustees, and was one of only fourteen people to receive the honor in the university’s 200-year history. "My philosophy in life has been when you leave this world it should be better because you have lived," <mask> said. Legal challenges
<mask> helped his wife, Marian, integrate Coney Island, Cincinnati, Ohio in 1952 through a lawsuit in which she was the plaintiff. In 2004, <mask> and his wife, <mask>, initiated litigation seeking to restrain Defendants J. Kenneth Blackwell, in his official capacity as the Secretary of State of Ohio, Intervenor Defendant State of Ohio, the Hamilton County Board of Elections and its Chair Timothy Burke and members Michael Barrett, Todd Ward, Daniel Radford and Director John Williams in their official capacities from discriminating against black voters in Hamilton County, Ohio on the basis of race. The <mask>s sought to restrain the Defendants from allowing challengers at the polls in Hamilton County. <mask> and <mask> resided in Avondale, Cincinnati, a predominantly African American neighborhood.The <mask>s were legally registered African American voters who voted in ward 13; precinct H. <mask> estimated that one hundred percent of the voters in her precinct were African American. The <mask>s alleged that the Hamilton County Board of Elections and the Hamilton County Republican Party combined to implement a voter challenge system at the polls on Election Day that discriminated against African American voters. The United States District Court For The Southern District Of Ohio Western Division granted the <mask>s' motion for a temporary restraining order. US District Court Judge Susan J. Dlott, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1995, ruled against the Republican plan, noting that there is no need to have voter challengers since Ohio already requires the presence of election judges at precincts in order to avoid voter fraud. Dlott warned in her decision that the Republican plan, if permitted, could cause "chaos, delay, intimidation and pandemonium inside the polls and in the lines outside the door." She noted "that 14 percent of new voters in a majority white location will face a challenger… but 97 percent of new voters in a majority African American voting location will see such a challenger." Dlott also said that the law permitting challengers did not sufficiently protect citizens’ fundamental right to vote.The <mask>s were represented by Cincinnati attorney Alphonse Gerhardstein. Legacy
<mask> was a respected friend of prominent Black Cincinnatians Cincinnati Mayor Theodore M. Berry and Judge Nathaniel R. Jones, who was among those who eulogized him at his funeral. References

External links
Finding Aid for <mask> papers, Archives and Rare Books Library, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

African-American businesspeople
Businesspeople from Cincinnati
1915 births
Ohio University trustees
American real estate brokers
American civil rights activists
University of Cincinnati alumni
Kappa Alpha Psi
2010 deaths
Activists from Ohio
People from Avondale, Cincinnati
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American people

masks:
Donald Andrew Spencer Sr
Donald Spencer
Donald Spencer
Marian Spencer
Marian Spencer
Donald Jr
Donald Spencer
Donald Spencer
Spencer
Marian Spencer
Donald Spencer
Donald
Donald
Marian Spencer
Donald Spencer
Donald
Spencer
Donald Spencer
Spencer
Donald Spencer
Donald Spencer
Marian Spencer
Spencer
Donald
Marian Spencer
Spencer
Marian Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Donald Spencer
Donald Spencer


texts:
<mask> (born 9 May 1972, in Liverpool) is an English actress best known for her early role as Debbie McGrath in Channel 4's Liverpool-based soap opera Brookside and the spin-off mini-series Damon and Debbie, and for playing Jessica Harrison in the long-running BBC television medical drama series Casualty, as well as Emma Barton in the ITV Yorkshire-based soap opera Emmerdale. The role of Emma gained her recognition because of character's involvement in Emmerdale’s most high-profile storylines during her three-year stint. Early life
One of four children born to Gerard and Barbara (née Allerston) <mask>, <mask> has three brothers, including Tom, a professional footballer. Her father is a retired civil engineer, and her mother a school care worker. Growing up in Aigburth, she attended St. John Almond RC High School, Garston, where she gained nine GCSEs and four A-levels. She later trained at the Rose Bruford College. Career
Her interest in acting began at secondary school.After repeatedly being overlooked for the lead roles in school productions, she decided to join the Liverpool Playhouse Youth Theatre, where she featured in plays including All Flesh is Grass (as Ema), Katie Crackernuts and Yer Dancin'? It was there, in 1986, that she was spotted by members of the Mersey Television production team; this resulted in her being asked to audition for a role in Channel 4's soap opera Brookside. Kearney landed the role of Debbie McGrath, the girlfriend of Damon Grant, played by Simon O'Brien. When O'Brien decided to leave Brookside, he requested that his character be killed off so he wouldn't be tempted to return to the show. Because Damon was so popular, particularly with younger viewers, it was decided to create a "soap bubble" in which the character would meet his demise: the result, Damon and Debbie, became Britain's first mini-series spin-off from a soap opera. A year after filming her final scenes, <mask> was asked to return for a few episodes. Christmas 1988 saw Debbie McGrath make an unexpected return to visit Sheila Grant, Damon's mother; she arrived with her baby, Simon – Damon's son.<mask> played the young Shirley in the award-winning 1989 film Shirley Valentine. She also had the lead female part as Ellie Brookes in Sex, Chips & Rock n' Roll, a six-part television mini-series written and created by Debbie Horsfield and directed by John Woods. It was produced by Wall to Wall for BBC One originally airing in 1999 before being adapted into a successful stage musical. In 2002, <mask> landed the role of June Forsyte in the ITV1 adaptation of John Galsworthy's classic novel The Forsyte Saga. She later reprised the role for the second series. Following the success of The Forsyte Saga, <mask>'s next role brought her back onto the ITV screen in its newest medical drama, Sweet Medicine. <mask> was cast as Dr Deborah "Deb" Sweet, and starred alongside Jason Merrells, who played her husband, and Patricia Hodge as her formidable mother-in-law.The show was intended to take up the mantle of the popular rural drama Peak Practice, which had recently ended, but low viewing figures saw Sweet Medicine axed after just one series. In 2005, <mask> landed a role in Channel 4's hit series Shameless, playing the role of Marty Fisher's (Jack Deam) girlfriend, Sue Garland. She left the show along with her on-screen partner in 2007. She had a number of television roles following her departure before landing the role of Jessica Harrison in Casualty, in January 2008. <mask> left Casualty in February 2010, but returned briefly to tie up the loose ends of her character's storyline in May 2010. As of 2 January 2015, <mask> began appearing in the ITV soap opera Emmerdale, in the role of Emma Barton, the estranged wife of James Barton (Bill Ward) and mother of their three sons Pete (Anthony Quinlan), Ross (Michael Parr) and Finn (Joe Gill). <mask> has received critical acclaim for her performance, particularly when it came to the "No Return" week which saw the character hold James hostage and cause a huge crash that endangered the lives of seven Emmerdale residents; after Emma accidentally pushed James off the bridge, he later died.<mask> was nominated for Best Serial Drama Performance at the 2016 National Television Awards. In 2019, <mask> directed the 5Star woman's prison drama Clink. Personal life
<mask> lived in Crouch End, North London, from July 2000, and then rented a property in Clifton, Bristol, during her time appearing in Casualty. She returned to live in Liverpool after the birth of her son; she also rented a home in Yorkshire where she filmed Emmerdale, and a holiday home on the Atlantic coast of County Clare, Ireland. In April 2009 <mask> mentioned, during a This Morning television interview, that she was seeing a final-year medical student called Eddie, whom she had met whilst in Bristol. Early in 2010, <mask> announced her engagement to Eddie Foo and their intention to marry later that year in Ireland, but the plans were soon put on hold when she discovered that she was expecting their first child. Kearney gave birth to an 8 lb 3 oz (3.7 kg) baby boy on 26 August 2010.

masks:
Gillian Louise Kearney
Kearney
Gillian Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney
Kearney


texts:
Bobby "<mask>" Ervin (born December 13, 1967), professionally known as <mask> or <mask>, is an American Grammy Award winner and multi-platinum producer, songwriter, DJ, artist and music executive. He has worked with musicians such as Clive Davis, Russell Simmons, Rick Rubin, Lyor Cohen, Steve Rifkind, Madonna, Guy Oseary, Jermaine Dupri, and has written and produced songs for artists such as LL Cool J, Ice Cube, Mack 10, Tupac, Mc Ren, Sir Mix A Lot, K9 Posse, Breeze, Nas, King T, Kam, Candyman, and Yo-Yo. Musical career

Uncle Jamm's Army
Since the early 1980s <mask> has been involved in hip hop, beginning in Los Angeles with West Coast icons and pioneers Uncle Jamm's Army, DJing and promoting large dances and concerts for Run–D.M.C., Whodini, Ice-T, and Kurtis Blow, establishing the beginning of the hip hop scene on the West Coast. At the time, <mask> was only 15 years old and wasn't even tall enough to reach the turntables so they would have him stand on top of a milk crate to DJ. Back then <mask> didn't own any professional equipment, so when he began working with Big Daddy Productions and Uncle Jamm's Army, Ice T's DJ Chris "The Glove" Taylor had to show him how to use the huge Cerwin Vega Mixer. Roger Clayton, founder of Uncle Jamm's Army, would fly to the East Coast and pick up the hottest new underground records from various record stores in the city and bring them back to LA. <mask> and The Egyptian Lover would take those records, play them first and break them at the big Uncle Jamm's Dances that drew over 15,000 people in the early 1980s.California Catt Crew
As a member of the highly publicized Uncle Jamm's Army, <mask> was in popular demand. He was booked months in advance and did two to six parties every weekend. After being overbooked week after week, he decided to form a crew of DJs similar to Uncle Jamm's Army, but with his signature sound and scratching techniques. He formed the California Catt Crew, which included <mask>, Battlecat, Dr. Scratch Kat, Wild Cat, Cosmic Cat, Alley Cat, Courageous Cat and Kitty Kat. <mask> helped book the DJs all around Southern California and gave them tips about the business. At this time <mask> recorded 12-inch single with Tracy Kendrick and Courtney Branch of Total Track Productions that included the Bobcat Song & California Catt Crew. 1580 KDAY/Mix Masters
<mask>, along with Uncle Jamm's Army, Greg Mack and Jack Patterson, helped pioneer the world's first 24-hour hip hop radio station, 1580 KDAY, changing the entire format of radio, introducing and pioneering the Saturday Night Mix Show and Traffic Jam.At the time, radio was traditional R&B and was playing very little rap. <mask> thought of the idea, concept and name "Mix Masters" for Greg Mack at 1580 KDAY. The new format caused a national and international domino effect, changing various stations' view of hip hop and subsequently their format. Uncle Jamm's Army and the Wrecking Crew are the forefathers of West Coast hip hop. The Mix Masters were the next generation. Def Jam/Bigger & Deffer
After dominating the West Coast hip hop scene, <mask> with his crew L.A. Posse flew to New York City and began working with rap mogul Russell Simmons, Lyor Cohen and Def Jam Records, writing and producing tracks for LL Cool J including "I Need Love", "I'm Bad", "Jack the Ripper", "Kanday", "Get Down", "Go Cut Creator Go" and "The Do Wop". The album Bigger and Deffer sold over 3 million copies, and is considered some of LL Cool J's best work."I Need Love"

<mask> wrote the melody to "I Need Love" when he was 16 years old. It was originally a song titled "Friends By Day, Lovers By Night", <mask>'s version of "Secret Lovers" by Atlantic Starr. "I Need Love" has been sampled and remade more than any other rap song in history. It has been sampled or replayed by Jermaine Dupri, Usher, Master P, Kris Kross and countless others. Blender Magazine voted it the greatest rap song ever made. Def Jam tour
LL Cool J asked <mask> to go on the now world-famous Def Jam Tour. <mask> signed on as DJ/music supervisor, and also designed and choreographed LL's stage shows.He toured all over the world, DJing and overseeing the sound and lighting. The Def Jam Tour was one of the highest-grossing hip hop tours in history, grossing over $20 million in ticket sales worldwide. The tour toured all over the US and Europe, doing huge sold-out shows around the country including at the LA Sports Arena, the Omni in Atlanta and Madison Square Garden in New York. The Def Jam Tour featured Eric B & Rakim, Public Enemy, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, Whodini, KRS-One, N.W.A, Salt N Pepa, Kool Moe Dee, Run–D.M.C., Stetsasonic, and LL Cool J, the headline act. Cat Got Ya Tongue
<mask> became an Arista recording artist and toured around the country performing his album, Cat Got Ya Tongue, on the same stage with New Edition and Jodi Watley. That same year <mask> was presented with a proclamation by the Atlanta City Council for making a positive album and being a positive influence and role model for the community. Business ventures

The Foundation
<mask> and his wife Chanel Ervin started a global entertainment agency and strategic marketing firm titled The Foundation.This global network primarily focuses on DJs and producers, and also markets and promotes new and established recording artists. The Digital Record Pool
The Digital Record Pool is an online music marketing service and online community for recording artists that has thousands of DJs, MDs, PDs, tastemakers, music lovers, music producers, journalists and bloggers from around the world. <mask> is the founder/CEO, and says this site and service were created to help new artists and indie labels around the world get maximum exposure. Digital DJ team
Bobcat and the Foundation Entertainment Agency launched an international DJ team for the purpose of promoting new music, media, brands, goods and technologies Globally. <mask> is founder and general manager, His wife, Chanel Ervin, is the President of Marketing. Discography

 Bigger and Deffer (1987)
 K-9 Posse (1988)
 I'm Gonna Git You Sucka (1988)
 Act a Fool (1988)
 Cat Got Ya Tongue (1989)
 Mama Said Knock You Out (1990)
 The Hard Way (1991)
 Death Certificate (1991)
 Black Pearl (1992)
 Kizz My Black Azz (1992)
 5150: Home 4 tha Sick (1992)
 The Predator (1992)
 Sickinnahead (1993)
 Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z. (1993)
 14 Shots to the Dome (1993)
 Mitsou (1993)
 State Of Emergency: Society In Crisis Vol.1 (1994)
 Tha Life of a Hoodlum (1995)
 Mista Grimm (1995)
 Str8 off tha Streetz of Muthaphukkin Compton (1996)
 All Eyez On Me (1996)
 Based on a True Story (1997)
 Ruthless for Life (1998)
 Mean Green (1998)
 J.E. Heartbreak (2000)
 Beware of Dog (2000)
 The Exodus (2002)
 Hip Hop Is Dead (2006)

References

External links
Bobcat – official U.S. website
The Digital Record Pool – official U.S. website
The Digital Record Pool Corporate Site – official U.S. website
The Foundation Entertainment Agency – official U.S. website

1967 births
Living people
African-American businesspeople
African-American record producers
American hip hop record producers
American music industry executives
Grammy Award winners
American hip hop DJs
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people

masks:
Bobcat
Bobcat
DJ Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat
Bobcat


texts:
First Lieutenant <mask>. (October 21, 1926 – presumed dead November 23, 1953) was a United States Air Force (USAF) pilot who disappeared while performing an air defense intercept over Lake Superior in 1953. <mask>'s disappearance is sometimes known as the Kinross Incident, after Kinross Air Force Base, where Moncla was on temporary assignment when he disappeared. The USAF reported that Moncla had crashed and that the object of the intercept was a Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) aircraft. According to the report, the pilot of the Canadian aircraft was later contacted and stated that he did not see the intercepting plane and did not know that he was the subject of an interception. However, on several occasions, the RCAF denied that any of their aircraft was involved in any incident on that day, in correspondence with members of the public asking for further details of the intercept. Biography
<mask> was born in Mansura, Louisiana, on October 21, 1926, to <mask>. (1894–1957), a high school science teacher, principal, and veteran of World War I, and <mask> (1900–1961), a seamstress. He also had two older sisters, Leonie and Muriel Ann.Not long after his father had been hospitalized, Moncla's family moved to Moreauville, Louisiana, to live with his uncle and great aunt. Moncla attended high school in Moreauville and, upon graduating from high school, accepted an athletic scholarship to Southwest Louisiana Institute, where he played football and received his Bachelor of Science degree. After graduation, he enlisted in the United States Army and served during World War II as part of the occupation force of Japan. After his service, Moncla attended the University of New Orleans, but reenlisted in the military at the start of the Korean War in 1950, this time joining the United States Air Force (USAF) as an officer pilot trainee. After spending a few months at a desk job in Dallas, Texas, Moncla was sent to Connally Air Force Base in Waco for basic pilot training, where he met and married Bobbie Jean Coleman. He took his advanced pilot training at Reese Air Force Base in Lubbock, and further training on the F-89 Scorpion at Tyndall Air Force Base in Panama City, Florida. In Panama City, Bobbie Jean gave birth to their first son.In July 1952, <mask> and his family moved to Madison, Wisconsin, and had a daughter born five months before Moncla's disappearance. Disappearance

On the evening of November 23, 1953, Air Defense Command Ground Intercept radar operators at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan, identified an unusual target over Lake Superior, near the Soo Locks. An F-89C Scorpion jet from Kinross Air Force Base was scrambled to investigate the radar return; the Scorpion was piloted by First Lieutenant Moncla, with Second Lieutenant Robert L. Wilson acting as the Scorpion's radar operator. Wilson had a difficult time tracking the object on the Scorpion's radar, so ground radar operators gave Moncla directions towards the object as he flew. Moncla eventually closed in on the object at about 8,000 feet in altitude. Ground Control tracked the Scorpion and the unidentified object as two "blips" on the radar screen.The two blips on the radar screen grew closer and closer until they seemed to merge. Assuming that Moncla had flown either under or over the target, Ground Control anticipated that moments later, the Scorpion and the object would again appear as two separate blips. Donald Keyhoe reported that there was a fear that the two objects had struck one another, but the single blip continued on its previous course. Attempts were made to contact Moncla via radio, but without success. A search and rescue operation by both the USAF and the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was quickly mounted, but failed to find any trace of the plane or its pilots. Weather conditions were a factor in hampering the search. USAF Accident Investigation Report

The official USAF Accident Investigation Report states the F-89 was sent to investigate an RCAF C-47 Skytrain which was travelling off course.The F-89 was flying at an elevation of 8,000 feet when it merged with the other aircraft, as was expected in an interception. Its IFF signal also disappeared after the two returns merged on the radar scope. Although efforts to contact the crew on radio were unsuccessful, the pilot of another F-89 sent on the search stated in testimony to the accident board that he believed that he had heard a brief radio transmission from the pilot about forty minutes after the plane disappeared. USAF investigators reported that Moncla may have experienced vertigo and crashed into Lake Superior. The USAF said that Moncla had been known to experience vertigo from time to time: "Additional leads uncovered during this later course of the investigation indicated that there might be a possibility that Lt. Moncla was subject to attacks of vertigo a little more than the normal degree. Upon pursuing these leads, it was discovered that statements had been made by former members of Lt. Moncla's organization but were not first hand evidence and were regarded as hearsay." Pilot vertigo is not listed as a cause or possible cause in any of the USAF Accident Investigation Board's findings and conclusions.The official accident report states that when the unknown return was first picked up on radar, it was believed to be RCAF aircraft "VC-912" but it was classified as "UNKNOWN" because it was off its flight plan course by about thirty miles. This assertion was emphatically denied by the pilot of this RCAF flight, Gerald Fosberg, when he was interviewed for the David Cherniack documentary "The Moncla Memories" produced for VisionTV's Enigma series. The USAF also provided an alternative explanation to UFO investigator Donald Keyhoe. In his 1955 book, The Flying Saucer Conspiracy, Keyhoe describes his investigation into the F-89's disappearance which began the night of the incident; when he received a telephone call telling him of "a rumor out at Selfridge Field that an F-89 from Kinross (sic) was hit by a flying saucer". A follow-up call to Public Information Officer Lt. Robert C. White revealed that "the unknown in that case was a Canadian DC-3. It was over the locks by mistake". The "locks" refers to the restricted air space over the Soo Locks at Sault Ste.Marie, on the U.S.–Canada border at the southeast end of Lake Superior. Reports of parts found in 1968

It is possible that aircraft parts found near the eastern shore of Lake Superior in late October 1968 were from the missing F-89. A USAF officer confirmed the parts were from a military jet aircraft and news reports speculated these might be from Moncla's F-89. The identity of the parts was never published and the Canadian government states they have no record of the find. 2006 "Great Lakes Dive Company" hoax
In late August 2006, an email from a "Preston Miller" was sent to UFO researcher Francis Ridge which contained a quoted excerpt from an Associated Press (AP) story. The quoted "news story" claimed that a group of Michigan divers had discovered Moncla's F-89 at the bottom Lake Superior, in the approximate location where the jet had disappeared from radar. The email also contained a link to a website that had recently been created for the group of divers; they called themselves the "Great Lakes Dive Company".Ridge forwarded the email to the Internet website "UFO Updates", a popular forum and message board for UFO researchers and writers. As a result, news of the purported discovery quickly spread through the UFO community and news media sources. Several reporters attempted to contact the "Great Lakes Dive Company" to obtain more information about the discovery. The reporters were placed in contact with a person who claimed to be the spokesman for the Great Lakes Company. Calling himself "Adam Jimenez", the man discussed the "discovery" with several investigators and journalists. "Adam Jimenez" was even interviewed by UFO researcher Linda Moulton Howe on the syndicated late-night radio talk show Coast to Coast AM. The Great Lakes Dive Company's website initially presented two images of the purported discovery, both images stated as being output from side-scan sonar.The fuzzy, high noise images depicted an almost completely intact aircraft resting on the lakebed, its nose in the silt, with one exposed wing, tip tank and the upswept tail characteristic of the F-89 clearly displayed. The discovery initially caused excitement, as many felt that the discovery of the crashed jet would at last provide an answer as to what had happened to Moncla and Wilson. However, as journalists and ufologists delved deeper into the case, their suspicions were raised as the story became more and more elaborate. It was soon stated that an unexplained metallic object had been found near the F-89 and "sonar images" of this discovery were soon published on the website. It was speculated that the "teardrop-shaped" object was possibly the UFO that the F-89 had merged with on radar. Several factors about the alleged discovery led journalists to claim that the discovery was in fact a hoax. Several investigators began efforts to track down more information about the "Great Lakes Dive Company" and "Adam Jimenez".All efforts to find evidence of the existence of the company led to the conclusion that it did not exist. Efforts to obtain any biographical data on "Adam Jimenez" also turned up nothing. The only contact information anyone obtained for Jimenez were an email address and cellphone. Only three weeks after the discovery, the company's website suddenly disappeared without explanation and "Adam Jimenez" stopped answering emails and cellphone calls. An investigation by James Carrion, at that time the International Director of the Mutual UFO Network (MUFON), revealed that there was no evidence the AP had written the original "news story" that was quoted in the initial notice of the discovery, nor any record of the existence of the "Great Lakes Dive Company" beyond its fleeting presence on a website; "Adam Jimenez" refused to provide any further information on the principals of the company, the type of vessel they used, or any other information which might help to establish the existence of the organization. Carrion's investigation showed that many of Jimenez's statements about the discovery were untrue, including his suggestion that the Canadian government had withheld permission for site survey work to be resumed. It turned out no such permission had been requested.Brendon Baillod, who is active in Great Lakes shipwreck hunting and maritime history circles, and is a director of the Association for Great Lakes Maritime History, stated that he had never heard of Jimenez or his group and that nobody he knew in his field had heard of them either. Baillod said that the sidescan images taken seemed to be authentic, but dismissed Jimenez's claim that they had been made with a fishfinder, particularly in  depth of water. He further said that the images could not have been made with a hull mounted transducer as was claimed by Jimenez, but would have required a towfish (a towed scanner). , the general consensus among journalists and UFO researchers who have investigated the purported discovery is that it is a hoax, and that <mask>la's F-89 jet remains undiscovered. See also

Disappearance of Frederick Valentich, a similar case
List of missing aircraft
List of people who disappeared
List of UFO sightings

Further reading
 McCloskey, Keith Unsolved Aviation Mysteries: Five Strange Tales of Air and Sea (History Press March 2, 2020, )

References

External links
What Happened to <mask>la? from UfoCasebook
The Kinross Incident investigative report by Gord Heath of UFO*BC
Gene Moncla Photo Album about Moncla's family and background

1926 births
1950s missing person cases
1953 deaths
Louisiana Ragin' Cajuns football players
Military personnel from Madison, Wisconsin
Missing aviators
Missing person cases in Canada
Missing person cases in the United States
People from Avoyelles Parish, Louisiana
UFO sightings in the United States
United States Air Force officers
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army soldiers

masks:
Felix Eugene Moncla Jr
Moncla
Moncla
Felix Sr
Yvonne Beridon Moncla
Moncla
Felix Monc
Felix Monc


texts:
<mask>'Collun , also known as  <mask> or <mask>, (died 1594) was an Irish soldier and fencing master who was  executed at Tyburn in 1594 for treason, in that he had conspired to murder Queen Elizabeth I. Background

Little is  known of his early life, other than the fact  that he was Irish and  a Roman Catholic. He  first  appeared  in  London in the late 1580s, as a fencing teacher in the entourage of Sir Florence MacCarthy, chief of the MacCarthy clan, (the  MacCarthy Mór),
whose own loyalty to the Crown was deeply suspect, and who was later accused by his enemies of being a party to O'Collun's plot. Conspiracy

About 1590  O'Collun went to the Spanish Netherlands, where he  entered the service of the renegade English Roman Catholic soldier Sir William Stanley:  Stanley and his associate,  the Jesuit  William Holt,  instigated numerous plots to assassinate Elizabeth. According to the indictment at O'Collun's trial,  the prime mover in the plot was Stanley's lieutenant  Jacques de Francesci (also called Jacques Fraunces or "Captain Jacques"),  a  rather  shadowy individual who  was regarded by the English Crown throughout the 1590s  as one of the Queen's most determined enemies. It was Francesci  who obtained money to bribe O'Collun  to kill Elizabeth and promised him  a pension  from the King of Spain as a reward  for the assassination. O'Collun  later claimed that he had qualms of conscience about the plot, which led him to ask Fr.Holt whether the assassination was morally justified; according to his account Holt told him that it was a meritorious act, and gave him absolution for the sin of murder. This claim  may well be true: Holt  sincerely believed that Elizabeth deserved to die,  as  did "Captain Jacques", who is known to have said that "no action could be more glorious" (although Jacques himself  had once worked as a spy for Elizabeth). Other would-be assassins,  like Edmund York, said that Holt had  given them absolution  for the same act. Holt's  plotting attracted so much notoriety that he was eventually ordered by his superiors  to show more discretion, though they did not   suggest that he should cease his activities. Arrest and confession
O'Collun, with his accomplices John Annias and William Polwhele (who were both soldiers in  Stanley's regiment),  returned to England in  November 1593, where his behaviour soon attracted suspicion- in particular he was found to possess a copy of the Jesuit pamphlet Philopater, which justified tyrannicide. He, Annias, and Polwhele  were arrested and interrogated. O'Collun and Annias  confessed "after a fashion", which presumably meant under torture: Polwhele turned informer.Apart from the probability   that it was obtained under  torture, there is some doubt about the reliability  of  O'Collun's confession, since the Crown's interrogators, as  was  usual in treason cases, put  pressure on the suspect to confess to what they wished to hear. It seems that at first O'Collun and Annias would confess only to  a  plot to kill "The Spaniard". This was undoubtedly  Antonio Pérez, former Secretary of State to the King of Spain. Pérez, imprisoned  in Spain for treason against his former master, had escaped and fled to England, where he became the target of assassination plots financed by the Spanish authorities: he was therefore a perfectly plausible victim  for O'Collun. The Crown put intense pressure on O'Collun to admit that his real target was the Queen, and he eventually confessed to this, thus  allowing  the Crown to bring a charge of regicide, rather than attempted murder. Whether the Queen or Pérez was the real target of the plot is now impossible to determine. O'Collun's claim that he received absolution from Holt  for killing a heretical tyrant would seem to point to the Queen as the intended victim, since it is less likely that Holt would have absolved him for the  murder of  Pérez, who could not reasonably  be described as either a tyrant or a heretic.The Crown's motive in extracting a confession of regicide from O'Collun  is  not entirely clear: possibly they were hoping to bolster their  parallel case against Dr Rodrigo Lopez, Court physician to Elizabeth  and an accomplished double agent, who was tried and convicted on an almost identical charge the day before O'Collun's trial. Trial and execution

He was tried before a commission of oyer and terminer at Westminster on 1 March 1594; despite his alleged  confession he pleaded not guilty. The principal witness against him was his accomplice William Polwhele, who testified that Stanley and Jacques Fraunces had hired O'Collun, Annias and himself to kill the  Queen. O'Collun  was found guilty and sentenced to be hanged at Tyburn. He was  executed, with Annias, the following July, by which time he was so ill with gaol fever  that it was said to be hardly worth the trouble of  hanging him at all. By coincidence Pérez, who he admitted to having planned to kill, passed by just as O'Collun's head was being put on a spike. Richard Williams and Edmund York, arrested at the same time on suspicion of a separate plot to kill Elizabeth, were executed the following year.The allegation made by other Irishmen, John Danyell and Hugh Cahill (also of the Stanley regiment), from 1592 of a plot to blow up the Tower of London was brought to light, as if the plot were freshly hatched, although neither man was held in custody. So in a brief period around 1594 there was an unusual concentration of investigations into continental conspiracies to this end - a "panic over Irishmen in London" - and the suggestion is that Lord Burghley and the Earl of Essex manipulated their information and intelligence to convince the Queen of an immediate and credible threat to her life, as they vied for her favour. Aftermath

Elizabeth was sufficiently concerned by the plot, however ineffective it had been, to write to the Spanish authorities in Brussels protesting at their willingness to let the Spanish Netherlands become a safe haven  for English conspirators, and demanding, without success, the extradition of Holt and other conspirators. Doctor Lopez

See main article:  Rodrigo Lopez

The Crown explicitly linked "the O'Collun plot" with "the Lopez plot": the arrests, interrogations, trials and executions closely coincided in time, and there was some common evidence at the trials. There is however no evidence of a link between the two men, although Lopez probably knew, at least in general terms, of a plot to kill Antonio Pérez: unlike O'Collun, he denied to the very end that he had planned to kill the Queen. While there is little doubt that O'Collun was  a paid assassin, some historians believe that Lopez's guilt or innocence is now impossible to determine. References

1594 deaths
People executed for treason
People of Elizabethan Ireland
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Irish people

masks:
Patrick O
Patrick Cullen
Patrick Collen


texts:
<mask>,  (29 October 1927 – 21 February 2006) was a British Conservative politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Cardiff West from 1983 to 1987. Terlezki was born in Antonivka, a village near the town of Tlumach in what is now western Ukraine but was then part of Poland. Terlezki experienced life in both Nazi Germany, and the Soviet Union, which made him a powerful voice against totalitarian governments. Early life
Terlezki was brought up in the nearby farming community of Antonivka, where his first teacher at the village school was the Ukrainian poet Mariyka Pidhiryanka. His father Oleksa Terletskyj was a peasant farmer who also worked at a brickworks, where he organised a sit-in protest for shorter working hours. This led to a period of imprisonment by the Polish authorities. Wartime experiences
Western Ukraine was occupied by Russian forces in 1939 and then annexed to the Soviet Union.One of Terlezki's uncles was classified as a kulak after paying some neighbours to help with the harvest. He was arrested and deported to Siberia, a fate also suffered by several of Terlezki's cousins, who were students suspected of Ukrainian nationalism. Oleksa Terletskyj had initially welcomed the Communists and become Antonivka's village chairman but he later resigned. After the German invasion in 1941, <mask> was put to forced labour repairing a railway bridge over the river Dniester, damaged during the Red Army retreat. He also witnessed the murder of Jews thrown from the neighbouring road bridge by German soldiers. His father also sent him on errands to aid Jewish villagers by obtaining false baptism certificates for them. Slave labour
In 1942 the Germans went to Terlezki's school and drew up a list of children to be sent to the Third Reich as slave labour, including 14 year old Terlezki.After several weeks in holding camps, he became part of a shipment sent in railway cattle wagons to a slave distribution centre in Austria. Most of his consignment of slaves were destined for factory work in Graz but the younger ones were put on sale at a slave market in Voitsberg, Styria. Terlezki was bought by Hansel Böhmer, who had been conscripted into Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine and was looking for someone to replace him on his family's farm. Terlezki worked on farms near Voitsberg between 1942 and 1945, interrupted only by a spell digging trenches for the German defences at Radkersburg and three weeks imprisonment after his arrest by the Gestapo for insubordination. (He had complained about the treatment of British Prisoners of War). Soviet invasion
In May 1945, Voitsberg was occupied by the Russians, who promised to repatriate slave labourers. Terlezki was in a large group who boarded a train thinking they would be taken home but who ended up in a camp in the eastern Austrian province of Burgenland.They were informed that they were being conscripted into the Red Army and would be sent to fight the Japanese. Escape to Britain
<mask> escaped and fled back to Voitsberg, which in July 1945 became part of the British Zone of Occupation in Austria. He was sent to a Displaced Persons' camp in Villach, Carinthia, where he found work in the cookhouse at a British Army base. In 1948, he was allowed to emigrate to Britain, landing at Harwich, and was sent to work as a coalminer in Wales. His catering experience allowed him to find alternative work in the canteen of a miners' hostel. He eventually went into hotel management in the Welsh towns of Porthcawl and Swansea before running his own hotels in Aberystwyth and Cardiff. In 1954, he had an illegitimate son, which he neglected to mention in his autobiography, instead acknowledging only his two daughters, saying that he "always wanted a son."Politics
His political career began in 1968, when he became a Conservative member of Cardiff City Council for the South ward. He stood for Parliament in the two General Elections of 1974, unsuccessfully challenging James Callaghan in Cardiff South East. <mask> gained greater public prominence by serving as Chairman of his local football club, Cardiff City F.C., between 1975 and 1977. He attracted headlines by advocating the flogging of football hooligans, firmly establishing his reputation as a right-wing Conservative. He refused to travel to the Soviet Union when Cardiff City played Dinamo Tbilisi in the European Cup Winners' Cup, he said he could not risk being sent to Siberia as a Red Army deserter. His father and sister were already in Siberia, sent there during Joseph Stalin's post-war purge of western Ukraine, where nationalist guerrillas fought the reimposition of Russian rule. (<mask>'s mother, Olena, had died in 1943).Parliament
He became MP for Cardiff West in the Conservative landslide of 1983. As in other constituencies, his Labour Party opponent suffered a loss of votes to the breakaway Social Democratic Party. In Parliament, <mask> remained true to his right-wing reputation, introducing a bill to replace the May Day holiday with a day of celebration for Winston Churchill. However, he mostly concentrated on constituency work and secured an increase in his vote at the 1987 election (although a lower percentage). However, through the collapse in support for the Social Democrats, he lost his seat to Labour's Rhodri Morgan. At Westminster, <mask> also had the chance to do something about his father's plight. He persuaded the Foreign Secretary, Sir Geoffrey Howe, to raise the case with his Soviet counterpart, Andrei Gromyko.As a result, in October 1984, his father was flown to London for a monthlong reunion and subsequently allowed to return to Antonivka, where he died in 1986. <mask> requested a visa to attend the funeral but it was not issued in time. However, he and his Welsh wife, Mary, together with their two daughters, later visited his home village as guests of the Soviet authorities. End of Communism
In 1989, <mask> was appointed as the British Government's representative on the Council of Europe's Human Rights Committee. This was condemned by some Labour opposition MPs because of his previous advocacy of flogging, a view he later renounced. The Conservatives argued that his wartime experiences made him well suited to the role, which involved inspecting prison conditions in different countries, later including former Communist states. When the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, <mask> became a critical supporter of newly independent Ukraine.He condemned the preservation of close ties with Russia, especially the leasing of military bases in Crimea and argued that more should be done to promote the Ukrainian language and to discourage the use of Russian. In 2003, he visited the European Parliament to press the case for eventual Ukrainian membership of the European Union. In 2002, <mask> took part in a television documentary about his life story and returned to Voitsberg, where he was reunited with Hansel Böhmer's niece. He published his memoirs, From War to Westminster in 2005. He died on 21 February 2006, aged 78. References

External links

1927 births
2006 deaths
Ukrainian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Cardiff constituencies
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for Welsh constituencies
Councillors in Cardiff
UK MPs 1983–1987
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Cardiff City F.C. directors and chairmen
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) councillors
Soviet World War II forced labourers

masks:
Stefan Terlezki
Stefan Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki
Terlezki


texts:
is the Waldemar Von Zedtwitz Professor in the Department of Immunobiology and a Professor in the Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology at Yale University. She is also a principal investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Her research interests include innate immunity, autophagy, inflammasomes, sexually transmitted infections, herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, respiratory virus infections, influenza infection, T cell immunity, and commensal bacteria. She was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. Biography
<mask> was born and raised in Iga, Japan by her father Hiroshi, a physicist, and mother Fumiko, who fought for women's rights in the workplace. She has two sisters. After high school she moved to Toronto, Canada, where in 1994, she received her bachelor's degree in biochemistry and physics from the University of Toronto.She had hopes of becoming a mathematician or physicist like her father. However, her interests changed after taking an immunology class. She earned her doctoral degree in immunology from the University of Toronto in 1998. <mask> did her Postdoctoral Fellow at the National Institutes of Health in the lab of mucosal immunologist Brian Lee Kelsall. In 2000, she started her own lab at Yale University. In 2022, <mask> was awarded a Sterling Professorship, the highest academic honor professors receive at Yale University. Major contributions

While working on her PhD project of how DNA vaccines elicit an immune response, <mask> was among the first to show that antigen-presenting cells were in the blood, not the muscle.At the time scientists thought muscle cells were essential for alerting the immune system of foreign proteins, or antigens, coded for by the vaccines because the DNA vaccines work best when injected into the muscle. <mask>'s research continues to focus on understanding innate immunity and how that information is used to produce protective adaptive immunity. <mask> and her team study immune responses to influenza in the lungs and herpes simplex virus in the genital tract. Overall, the goal is to design effective vaccines or microbiocides for the prevention of transmission of viral and bacterial pathogens. <mask> has developed a two-stage vaccination strategy called "prime and pull" that involves a conventional vaccine as a first step and then application of chemokines to the target tissue as a second step. Based on this strategy, <mask> has developed a vaccine that is currently in a clinical trial to treat women with precancerous lesions in the cervix to prevent cervical cancer. Serving on Yale University's Science Strategy Committee, <mask> has advocated for harnessing the beneficial aspects of inflammation to "combat widespread diseases like stroke, heart disease, and diabetes".Building on her interests in immune responses to viral infection, <mask> has also led research into human rhinovirus and Zika virus. <mask>'s group was notably the first to create a mouse model of a vaginal Zika infection. Most recently, <mask> has delved into research looking at the immune response of COVID-19 patients and sex differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to Google Scholar, one of her publications, "Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune response," has been cited over 4,660 times as of July 2020 and was published in Nature Immunology in October 2004. In January 2015, one of <mask>'s studies was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, another prestigious journal. The study, "Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells", investigates the relationship between temperature and immune responses. Personal life
<mask> is well known as an advocate for women in science, including voicing support for affordable childcare.Additionally, she has spoken out in support of immigrants and their contributions to science. <mask> has gained a following on Twitter for her public health advice about COVID-19, advocating for social distancing early in the pandemic. She is married to Ruslan Medzhitov, a professor of immunobiology at Yale School of Medicine. They have two daughters, Emi and Naomi. Honors
 Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award in Biomedical Sciences, Burroughs Wellcome Fund (2000)
Ethel Donaghue Women's Health Program Investigator Award, Ethel Donaghue Women's Health Program (2003)
 Wyeth Lederle Young Investigator Award, Infectious Diseases Society of America (2003)
 Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigator in Pathogenesis in Infectious Diseases, Burroughs Wellcome Fund (2005)
BD Biosciences Investigator Award, American Associations of Immunologist (AAI) (2011)
Eli Lilly and Company Research Award, American Society of Microbiology (2012)
Inspiring Yale award (2017)
Yale's Charles W. Bohmfalk Teaching Award (2018)
Seymour & Vivian Milstein Award for Excellence in Interferon & Cytokine Research, International Cytokine and Interferon Society (2019)
Elected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Appointed Sterling Professor of Immunobiology and of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology at Yale (2022)

Publications
Oh JE, Iijima N, Song E, Lu P, Klein J, Jiang R, Kleinstein SH, <mask> A. Migrant memory B cells secrete luminal antibody in the vagina. Nature. PMID 31189952 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1285-1
Sasai M, Sakaguchi N, Ma JS, Nakamura S, Kawabata T, Bando H, Lee Y, Saitoh T, Akira S, Iwasaki A, Standley DM, Yoshimori T, Yamamoto M. Essential role for GABARAP autophagy proteins in interferon-inducible GTPase-mediated host defense.Nature Immunology. PMID 28604719 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3767
Iijima N, <mask> A. Access of protective antiviral antibody to neuronal tissues requires CD4 T-cell help. Nature. 533: 552-6. PMID 27225131 DOI: 10.1038/nature17979

References

1970 births
Living people
Japanese academics
University of Toronto alumni
Yale University faculty
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
People from Mie Prefecture
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American academics of Japanese descent
American immunologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology

masks: Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki Iwasaki


texts:
<mask> (born 3 February 1947), usually credited as M. NourbeSe <mask>, is a Canadian poet, novelist, playwright, essayist and short story writer. Life and works
Born in the Caribbean in Woodlands, Moriah, Trinidad and Tobago, <mask> was educated at the University of the West Indies. She subsequently pursued graduate degrees in political science and law at the University of Western Ontario, and practised law in Toronto, Ontario, for seven years. She left her law practice in 1983 to devote time to her writing. <mask> is known for experimentation with literary form and for her commitment to social justice. Though her writing suggests an in-depth understanding of the canon, <mask>'s career undoubtedly helped to free her from the constraints of tradition and to nurture her social analysis and criticism. <mask> has published five books of poetry, two novels, four books of collected essays and two plays.Her short stories, essays, reviews and articles have appeared in magazines and journals in North America and England and her poetry has been extensively anthologized. Her work – poetry, fiction and non-fiction – is taught widely at university level and is the subject of much academic writing and critique. Her first novel, Harriet's Daughter (1988), is widely used in high school curricula in Ontario, Great Britain and was, for a decade, studied by all children in the Caribbean receiving a high school CXC diploma. It has also been published as an audio cassette, a script for stage and in a German-language edition. Although categorized as young adult literature, Harriet's Daughter is a book that can appeal to older children and adults of all ages. Set in Toronto, this novel explores the themes of friendship, self-image, ethics and migration, while telling a story that is riveting, funny and technically accomplished. It makes the fact of being Black a very positive and enhancing experience.<mask>'s most renowned poetry book, She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks, was awarded the Casa de las Américas Prize for Literature while still in manuscript form. As she explores themes of race, place, gender, colonialism and, always, language, <mask> plays with words, bending and restating them in a way that is reminiscent of jazz. The tension between father tongue (the white Euro-Christian male canon), and mother tongue (Black African female) is always present. Most quoted is the chant-like refrain at the core of Discourse on the Logic of Language:
... and English ismy mother tongueismy father tongueis a foreign lan lan langlanguagel/anguish anguish...

<mask> is a prolific essayist. Her articles and essays ... demonstrate a persistent critique and an impassioned concern for issues of social justice and equity in the arts, prompting Selwyn R. Cudjoe's assertion that <mask> "serves as a lightning rod of black cultural defiance of the Canadian mainstream." More to the point is the epigram in Frontiers where <mask> dedicates the book to Canada, "in the effort of becoming a space of true belonging". It is as an essayist that M. NourbeSe <mask>'s role as anti-racist activist is most evident.She was one of the first to make culture her primary focus as she argued passionately and articulately for social justice and equity. Specific controversial events that have been the focus of her essays include the Into the Heart of Africa exhibit at the Royal Ontario Museum, the Toronto production of Show Boat, and Caribana. Her essays also put the spotlight on racial representation on arts councils and committees in Canada and there have been definite advances in this area subsequently. It was at a small demonstration concerning the lack of Canadian writers of colour outside of the 1989 PEN Canada gala that she was confronted by June Callwood. <mask> has also taught at the University of Toronto, taught creative fiction at the third-year level at York University and has been writer in residence at McMaster University and University of Windsor. Her 2008 work Zong! is based on a legal decision at the end of the 18th century, related to the notorious murder of Africans on board the British slave ship of that name.A dramatized reading of this new poem cycle was workshopped and presented at Harbourfront in Toronto as part of rock.paper.sistahz in 2006. Poems from this collection have been published in Facture, boundary 2 and Fascicle; the later includes four poems, along with an extensive introduction. On 16 April 2012, at b current studio space in Toronto, <mask> held her first authorial full-length reading of Zong!—an innovative interaction-piece lasting seven hours, in which both author and audience performed a cacophonous collective reading of the work from beginning to end. In solidarity with this collective reading, another audience-performance was held in Blomfontein, South Africa. In talking about her own work <mask> has said, "fiction is about telling lies, but you must be scathingly honest in telling those lies. Poetry is about truth telling, but you need the lie – the artifice of the form to tell those truths." Bibliography

Poetry
 Thorns (1980)
 Salmon Courage (1983)
 She Tries Her Tongue, Her Silence Softly Breaks (1989)
 Discourse on the Logic of Language (1989)
 Zong!(2008)

Novels
 Harriet's Daughter (1988)
 Harriet und schwarz wie ich. Transl. Nina Schindler. Toronto: Reference Press, 1997–98.Microsoft Encarta Africana, 2001. Black Heritage Month, poster, 2002. Dawn P. Williams, Who's Who in Black Canada, Toronto: D. P. Williams, 2003. Notes

External links
 M. NourbeSe Philip website
 PennSound audio
 "The journey of the word" - interview, UWI Today'', March 2010.20th-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian poets
21st-century Canadian poets
Canadian women poets
Canadian women novelists
Canadian women dramatists and playwrights
Trinidad and Tobago poets
Black Canadian writers
Trinidad and Tobago emigrants to Canada
Living people
Writers from Toronto
1947 births
University of the West Indies alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
Trinidad and Tobago women poets
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian women short story writers
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Trinidad and Tobago novelists
20th-century Canadian short story writers
Black Canadian women
21st-century Canadian short story writers
Trinidad and Tobago women novelists

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