texts:
<mask> is an American science fiction author who has written more than 60 Star Wars books, including novels, comics, and reference books. He has also written junior novelizations for Indiana Jones films. Since 1993, he has been working on Star Wars projects either by himself or with other authors. His reference book Star Wars: The Ultimate Visual Guide spent three weeks on the New York Times Best Seller list in 2005. Career

Star Wars
Windham started working on Star Wars projects in 1993, when he was working at the Dark Horse Comics. Sometimes, instead of writing books on his own, he supervised the editing process of other writers' comics, such as the Dark Horse series Heir to the Empire, Jabba the Hutt, River of Chaos, Splinter of the Mind's Eye, Shadows of the Empire and X-Wing - Rogue Squadron. He also helped edit Star Wars: Droids and Dark Empire II.In addition, he worked closely with Allan Kausch and Sue Rostoni at Lucas Licensing to maintain consistency in Star Wars comics, novels, and so on. Maintaining Consistency in Stories

An inevitable challenge for all Star Wars authors is maintaining the consistency in stories written by various authors. For <mask>, the hardest part of maintaining the consistency is remembering what a character knows about other characters and certain situations at a specific moment in the Star Wars timeline. Fortunately, Leland Chee, who is in charge of maintaining and monitoring the consistency in Star Wars stories, is very familiar with many details; therefore, he has been very helpful to <mask>. Recent Years
Since 2004, he has been working at Rhode Island School of Design Continuing Education as an instructor and a certificate advisor for comic and sequential art classes. Currently, he lives in Providence, Rhode Island with his wife and two daughters. <mask> also works closely with the publisher becker&mayer!and Lucasfilm's publishing licensees, including Dark Horse Comics, Del Rey, DK Publishing, Grosset & Dunlap, HarperCollins, Random House, and Scholastic Inc. His work with the latter of these has included production of the Bionicle reboot novels and graphic novels. in Star Wars Tales issue#6 (2000)
Podracing Tales (2000)
Jedi Quest (2001)
Battle of the Bounty Hunters (1998)
The Clone Wars: Strange Allies (2011)

Young Readers Books
Galactic Crisis! (2005)
Journey Through Space (2005)
Fire Ring Race (2010)
Shinbone Showdown (2010)

Reference Books
Star Wars Who's Who (1998)
Star Wars Episode I Who's Who: A Pocket Guide to Characters of the Phantom Menace (1999)
Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace Movie Scrapbook (1999)
Aurra Sing: Dawn of the Bounty Hunters with Josh Ling (2000)
Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones Movie Scrapbook (2002)
Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith Movie Scrapbook (2005)
Star Wars: The Ultimate Visual Guide (2005)
Star Wars: The Comics Companion (2006)
Jedi vs. Sith: The Essential Guide to the Force (2007)
Star Wars: The Complete Vader with Peter Vilmur (2009)
Star Wars Blueprints: The Ultimate Collection (2008)
Star Wars Blueprints: Rebel Edition (2010)
Star Wars Year by Year: A Visual Chronicle (2010)
Millennium Falcon: A 3-D Owner's Guide (2010)
Imperial Death Star: Owner's Workshop Manual (2013)

Short stories
Deep Spoilers (2000)

Awards and honors

New York Times Best Seller: Star Wars: The Ultimate Visual GuideThe New York Times(2005, December 18). Children's Best Sellers. The New York Times. Retrieved January 31, 2011 from https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E1D91031F93BA25751C1A9639C8B63&scp=2&sq=ryder+windham&st=nyt

Week 1(November 13 to November 19, 2005): ranked 10
Week 2(December 11 to December 17, 2005): ranked 7
Week 3(December 18 to December 24, 2005): ranked 8

References

Living people
American fantasy writers
American male novelists
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American male writers
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Ryder Windham
Ryder Windham
Ryder Windham
Ryder Windham


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born August 12, 1976) is an American professional baseball outfielder and hitting coach for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Minnesota Twins and Baltimore Orioles. He also played in Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB) for the Hanshin Tigers, in the Mexican League for the Guerreros de Oaxaca, and in the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the Long Island Ducks. <mask> is a 1994 graduate of Port Neches–Groves High School where he played football and baseball and a 1999 graduate of Dallas Baptist University. He also played college baseball at Texas A&M University and Seminole Junior College and Lee College. Boston Red Sox
In 1998, <mask> was a first team All American at Dallas Baptist. He set their single school batting record, batting .507 over the course of more than 50 games.In spite of this, <mask> was not chosen in the MLB draft. He came back the following year and had another season at Dallas Baptist, after which he was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 12th round of the 1999 amateur draft. In , he played his first full year of Single-A ball for the Augusta Greenjackets of the South Atlantic League. He had a good season, stealing 52 of 56 bases, and established the team single-season batting record by hitting .315, adding 74 RBI from the leadoff spot. Baseball America named him as the best defensive outfielder in Class A, and The Sporting News identified him as the Best 5-Tool Prospect in the Red Sox organization. He led minor league baseball in runs scored with 122. Minnesota Twins
On September 9, 2000, <mask> was traded to the Minnesota Twins for Héctor Carrasco.He also led Minor League Baseball in runs scored in . He is known for an episode of accidentally burning himself with a hotel iron, which is often erroneously told as a result of the attempted ironing of a shirt while wearing it. In , he finished tied for 24th in American League Most Valuable Player balloting, garnering a total 2 points out of a possible 392. <mask> was named AL Player of the Week for the week ending August 21, . He helped the Twins take three of four games from the Seattle Mariners after hitting 12-for-33, including three home runs, and leading the league in RBI and runs for that week. <mask> was outrighted to the minor leagues on October 5, , but refused the assignment and became a free agent. Hanshin Tigers

<mask> signed with the Hanshin Tigers in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball on November 29, 2007.Colorado Rockies
In March , he signed a minor league contract with the Colorado Rockies, but did not play the season there. Long Island Ducks/Cincinnati Reds
On August 24, 2009, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds. <mask> was a member of the Long Island Ducks in 2009 when he posted 10 home runs, 2 triples, and 55 RBI in 93 games. The Texas native finished second in the league in batting average (.330) and fourth in on-base percentage (.407). His efforts earned him a contract with the Cincinnati Reds organization. Guerreros de Oaxaca
Played in (2010) with Guerreros de Oaxaca in the Mexican League. Second stint with Long Island Ducks
March 7, 2011 <mask> signed with the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League.Baltimore Orioles
May 19, 2012 <mask> signed with the Baltimore Orioles who sent him down to the Triple-A Norfolk Tides. On July 29, 2012 <mask> appeared in an MLB lineup for the first time since 2007. He batted fifth and played left field for the Orioles. <mask> hit home runs for the Orioles in consecutive games against the Chicago White Sox on August 27–28, 2012. He finished the year hitting .183/.256/.352 with 3 HR and 4 RBI in 25 games. On November 2, <mask> was outrighted off the 40-man roster and elected free agency on November 6. On November 9, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Orioles with an invitation to spring training.Third stint with Long Island Ducks
In August 2013, <mask> was released from the Bowie Baysox, the Orioles' AA affiliate. He finished the 2013 season playing for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League. <mask> started the 2014 season playing for the Ducks as a starting outfielder. On October 29, 2014, <mask> <mask> was named the 2014 Atlantic League Player of the Year. <mask>'s 2014 season was highlighted by breaking two Atlantic League records. He finished the year with 189 hits, surpassing the previous high of 179 set by Victor Rodriguez (Somerset) in 2004. In addition, <mask> became the first player in league history to play in all 140 games during the regular season.Navarrete and Wayne Lydon (Camden) had previously held the record of 139, which was set in 2009. The 38-year-old led the Atlantic League in doubles (40) during the 2014 campaign and finished second in batting average (.347), RBI (95), runs (100), total bases (278) and on-base percentage (.415). <mask> earned Atlantic League Player of the Month honors in May after compiling a .402 batting average, 47 hits and .470 on-base percentage. Two months later, he was selected to play in the Atlantic League All-Star Game at Constellation Field in Sugar Land, Texas. The former big leaguer's defense was also outstanding, as he did not commit a single error in 97 games played in the outfield. He became a free agent after the 2016 season. On May 28, 2017, <mask> re-signed with the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2017 season.On February 6, 2018, <mask> re-signed with the Long Island Ducks for the 2018 season. On January 15, 2019, <mask> re-signed with the Ducks for his 10th season with the club, and his sixth as a player-coach. On January 30, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Ducks for what would have been his 11th season, and seventh as player-coach. However, <mask> did not play in 2020 due to the cancellation of the 2020 ALPB season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He became a free agent after the season. On March 4, 2021, <mask> re-signed with the Ducks for his 11th season with the club, and seventh as player-coach. On October 2, <mask> collected his 964th career hit for the Ducks, becoming the Ducks' all-time hit leader.On January 12, 2022, <mask> re-signed with the Ducks for his 12th season with the team, and eighth as a player-coach. References

External links

NPB

1976 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Augusta GreenJackets players
Baseball coaches from Texas
Baseball players from Texas
Baltimore Orioles players
Bowie Baysox players
Caribes de Anzoátegui players
Dallas Baptist Patriots baseball players
Edmonton Trappers players
Fort Myers Miracle players
Gulf Coast Orioles players
Hanshin Tigers players
Long Island Ducks players
Louisville Bats players
Lowell Spinners players
Major League Baseball designated hitters
Major League Baseball outfielders
Mexican League baseball center fielders
Mexican League baseball left fielders
Minnesota Twins players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
New Britain Rock Cats players
Nippon Professional Baseball outfielders
Norfolk Tides players
Rochester Red Wings players
Sportspeople from Beaumont, Texas
Texas A&M Aggies baseball players
Toros de Tijuana players
Toros del Este players
American expatriate baseball players in the Dominican Republic

masks:
Jon Lewis Ford
Career Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Lew
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford
Ford


texts:
Jean-Marie "<mask>" <mask> is an English composer, songwriter and musician. He has been a members of the post-punk group The Members for over 40 years, and is an established film composer. Biography
<mask> was born in Camberley on 9 February 1956 and attended Salesian College in Chertsey, Surrey. After playing in various school bands, <mask>'s first taste of serious music was a 1974 chance meeting in the Three Mariners in Bagshot, Surrey, with pub rock pioneer and 1970s icon Graham Parker. They recorded a two-track 1/4-inch tape in <mask>'s bedroom later to become known in Parker mythology as "The Akai Tapes". Parker went on to international acclaim, and <mask> settled into life as a bank clerk, living in a bedsit in Kilburn and writing songs on a battered acoustic guitar. A chance meeting on a train with Nicky Ritz, a graduate of Liverpool University, sometimes insurance salesman, singer, and beat poet with a talent for self-promotion led in 1977 to his being asked to join Ritz's band The Members.The Members' first single, "Solitary Confinement" (which <mask> co-wrote with Nicky Tesco), was released on Stiff Records. In the spring of 1979, the Members released their UK anthem "The Sound of the Suburbs" (which <mask> also co-wrote). This record went on to sell 250,000 copies in months. The track has been featured on hundreds of punk compilations. The album At the Chelsea Nightclub... gained critical approval and has been listed in Record Collector as one of the top 20 punk albums ever made. The Members recorded "Offshore Banking Business", a very early example of white reggae (with a political message). The Members then concentrated on the American and overseas market as they chalked up hits in America ("Working Girl") and Australia ("Radio") before becoming dormant in 1983.<mask> married Sophy Lynn in 1988, and they opened a boutique in Notting Hill Gate in London, named the Dispensary. The Dispensary later grew to four separate shops in Soho (London and Notting Hill Gate. The shop became a gathering place for the early acid house scene. During this period, he became more and more involved in the production and design of tee shirts then tailored clothing. Without any formal training, <mask> made trousers, jackets, overcoats, shirts, and leather jackets for the Dispensary. <mask> and Sophy had two children Grace Ivana and Irma Rose and worked together until 2002 when they separated. During the 1980s and 1990s, <mask> concentrated on playing the accordion and mandolin and studying various European and ethnic music.During this period, he recorded music with Sex Pistol Glen Matlock and New York Doll Johnny Thunders, playing both mandolin and accordion on Thunders' version of "Que Sera Sera". A chance meeting with film music composer Michael Kamen led to <mask>'s being asked to play accordion on Don Juan DeMarco, featuring Marlon Brando and Johnny Depp. In 2008, <mask> married his partner Sheila and re-established The Members as a live and recording band with original bassist Chris Payne and new drummer Nick Cash (temporarily replaced in 2010 by Rat Scabies of The Damned). In 2009, <mask> recorded The Golborne Variations, with Guy Pratt, Nick Cash, Chester Kamen, Chris Payne and Jennifer Pearl. Long-term collaborator and producer David M. Allen produced this album. In 2011, <mask> shot and edited a movie, with filmmaker Simon Godley, titled The Golborne Variations. This film premiered together with the first public performance of Golborne Variations at the 2011 Portobello Film Festival, where it won a special prize.In 2011, New Musical Express (NME) listed two of <mask>'s songs, 1979's "Offshore Banking" and 2009's "Caveman TV" on a list of forgotten masterpieces. In 2012, <mask> produced and released two records on his own AngloCentric Label - The Members fourth studio album Ingrrland and a solo album titled 21st Century Blues (Released as Jay Cee <mask>). He also released a single using the stage name jPad titled "Totally Obsessed". He also wrote soundtrack music for Julien Temple's documentary London a Modern Babylon

2013 saw The Members tour Australia and New Zealand, and <mask> continued to produce videos, notably a cover of David Bowie's "Where Are We Now?" In 2014, The Members toured the U.S. <mask> worked on soundtracks for 6 Bullets to Hell, Hec McAdam, Looking for Johnny. In 2016, <mask> completed production of The Members fifth studio album titled One Law. The album was released in conjunction with Cadiz Music and <mask>'s label Anglocentric.This was the first Members album produced by <mask>. It featured Nigel Bennett on lead guitar, Chris Payne on bass, Nick Cash on drums, <mask> on various instruments and vocals. It also featured guest appearances by original Jam vocalist Steve Brookes and longtime Pink Floyd and David Gilmour bass player Guy Pratt on "Incident at Surbiton". 1n 2020 <mask>  published an Autobiography "(still) Annoying the Neighbours" with the help of Rock Journalist Chris Salewicz and Graphic Artist Malcolm Garrett the book was well received in the press sold well. A Music War (1981)
 Don Juan DeMarco (1994)
 Loch Ness (1996)
 Hannibal Rising (2007)
 Straightheads (2007)
 Joe Strummer: The Future Is Unwritten (2007)
 Stardust (2007)
 Virgin Territory (2008)
 Telstar (2008)
 Oil City Confidential  (2009)
 Johnny English Reborn (2011)
 The Golborne Variations (2011)
 London Modern Babylon (2012)
 Looking for Johnny (2014)
 Six Bullets to Hell (2014)
 The Invisible Woman (2013)
 Hector (2015)
 Amar Akbar %26 Tony (2015)
 The Marriage of Reason and Squalor (2015)
 Let Me Go (2016)
 Sad Vacation (2018)
 Suggs: My Life Story  (2018)
 We Are the League (2019)
 Crock of Gold (2020)

See also
 The Members

References

External links
Official Website
The Members Official Site
Why Music Matters Blog
<mask> <mask> YouTube Page
The MembersYouTube Page
JC <mask> Acoustic trio Page
Golborne Variations on West London Film Network
Johnny Walker Interview BBC Sounds of the 70s
malcolm Wyatt article on <mask> <mask> <mask> interviewed in Fuzzcast
Book review in Louder then War
How We made "Sound of the Suburbs - Dave Simpson - The Guardian
Book review in "Vive Le Rock" Hugh Gulland
Article in Irish Times on Autobiography

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English composers
English rock musicians
English songwriters
People from Camberley

masks:
JC
Carroll
JC Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
JC
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
JC
Carroll
Carroll
JC
Carroll JC
Carroll


texts:
<mask> (10 October 1954 – 7 May 2013) was an English composer. He curated the Factory Classical label of Factory Records, featuring contemporary British composers. Life and music
<mask> was born in Liverpool, and studied composition at Liverpool University and in the Netherlands with Louis Andriessen. He worked almost exclusively with artists outside classical institutions—Dutch and American groups, freelance musicians and especially his own <mask>land Band which tours his music internationally. He also worked with the King’s Singers and Evelyn Glennie for whom he wrote Street Songs. <mask> was composer in residence at the ETNA Music Festival in Sicily in 2006 and 2007. His music was published by Schott Music.Usually amplified, muscular and powerfully rhythmic, his music was extensively choreographed: Dance Works commissioned and premièred by London Contemporary Dance Theatre has received many new productions around the world, and Remix was awarded the SACD Prize for Video Dance Choreography Music after being choreographed for BBC TV by Aletta Collins. His Principia was adopted as the theme music for the BBC radio programme The Music Machine. Dance Works is also used as the title music for a Dutch TV programme. He also wrote and directed A Temporary Arrangement with the Sea, a film about Louis Andriessen. In August 1998 he collaborated with the band Spiritualized on a project for the Flux Festival in Edinburgh, Scotland. <mask>’s preoccupation with the function of the composer in society was reflected in his commitment to music education. He believed in the educational impact of creativity: "Creativity is everything that is against what's going on in the world right now.It's to do with tolerance and understanding other people." <mask> directed many composition projects in schools both at home and abroad and he initiated and ran for many years Strike Out, his own annual composition course for school children. <mask> died in Reading after suffering a heart attack in his sleep, during the night of 6 May 2013, at the age of 58. Legacy
In 2015, composer Tim Benjamin founded the <mask> Scholarship for young composers at the Sound and Music Summer School, in honour of his former mentor. Works
1982 – Duo, trumpet and piano
1982 – Kgakala, for solo piano
1983 – Babi Yar, Large orchestra in 3 groups
1984 – lotta continua, for orchestra and jazz ensemble. 1984 – Orc for horn and small orchestra
1981 rev.1985 – American Invention, 13 players in 3 groups
1985 – Remix, ensemble
1985 – Remembering Lennon
1986 – Shoulder to Shoulder, wind ensemble
1986 – Dividing the Lines, for brass band
1986 – Big Mac I
1987 – Drill, for two pianos
1987 – Big Mac II, for 9 players
1988 – Glad Day (3 songs) for voice and 14 players
1989 – Birthday Hocket, two pianos
1989 – Principia, ensemble
1989 – Skywalk, for unaccompanied chorus (SSATB)
1990 – Crossing the Border, string ensemble
1991 – Wolfgang, arrangements of Mozart for wind octet
1991 – The Perfect Act, for voice and 8 players (text by Stevan Keane)
1992 – Patrol, string quartet
1992 – Toccata and Fugue, BWV 565, string quartet (J S Bach, arr <mask>)
1992 – Full Fathom Five, brass quintet
1993 – Dance Works, two pianos (arrangement of work for ensemble)
1994 – Mr Anderson's Pavane, for 10 players
1994 – Horses of Instruction for 6 players. Written for Bang on a Can.1995 – Beat the Retreat, 11 players
1995 – Horses of Instruction, for 11 players (Version of 1994 work for the <mask>rtland Band). Shoulder to Shoulder (Attacca)
1990 – Glad Day [featuring Sarah Jane Morris] FACT 306. (Factory)
1992 – Crossing the Border FACT 366 (Factory)
1992 – Wolfgang FACT 406 (Factory)
1994 – Patrol (Catalyst)
1995 – The Factory Masters (Catalyst – reissue of Babi Yar/Drill & Crossing the Border)
1998 – The King's Singers and Evelyn Glennie. The Street Songs (RCA Victor Red Seal)
2001 – Horses Of Instruction (Black Box)
2002 – Onyx Brass – Pavanes Fantasias Variations. Mr. <mask> after Mr. Henry Purcell: one note fantasy... (Meridian)
2007 – Wallace Collection – Hammered Brass. Full Fathom Five (Linn)
2009 – Britten Sinfonia 001 – Tiger Dancing {Songs of the Sky – Signum Classics}
2015 – Martland (NMC)

References

External links
Schott Music page
<mask>land page from Music on the Edge site

Listenings
 <mask>land audio on MySpace
 Dance Works in the Sound Library of the publisher Schott Music
 Remix in the Sound Library of the publisher Schott Music

1959 births
2013 deaths
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Alumni of the University of Liverpool
English classical composers
Factory Records artists
Musicians from Liverpool
Pupils of Louis Andriessen
Pupils of Gunther Schuller
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians
21st-century British male musicians

masks:
Steve Martland
Martland
Steve Mart
Martland
Martland
Martland
Martland
Steve Martland
Martland
Steve ma
Steve Martland
Steve Mart
Steve Mart


texts:
<mask> (born October 20, 1976) is an American artist, filmmaker and entrepreneur. He has developed extensive collections of work in art, film and experimental media. In 2010, he founded The Mascot Gallery, an online resource and store featuring a range of artwork and film about America's great icons with impressionistic depictions of their often forgotten origins. In 2012, he launched a two-story studio and exhibition space on Main Street in Durham, North Carolina. Life and career
Born in Baltimore, Maryland on the bicentennial of American Independence, <mask>ue was named after artisan and revolutionary <mask>. He earned a bachelor's degree from the College of Arts and Letters at the University of Notre Dame where he played on the lacrosse team. Graduating in 1999, he went on to complete a Master's in the Documentary Film and Video Program at Stanford University.He has also studied at the Art League, the Corcoran College of Art and Design, the Pratt Institute and the Université Catholique de l'Ouest in Angers, France. In 2006, he moved to New York City and began working with filmmaker George Butler. He is credited as producer, creative consultant and editor on The Good Fight, a feature-length documentary about the Florida State Seminoles's football coach Bobby Bowden released in 2007. He is also credited for his field producing in the swamps of the southeastern US on another of Butler's films, the National Geographic documentary The Lord God Bird, about the recent re-discovery of the ivory-billed woodpecker. In 2009, <mask> Noue relocated to Durham, North Carolina where he founded the Mascot Gallery. In 2012, he opened an art studio and exhibition space on Main Street. He is married to Elisabeth Haviland James, a documentary filmmaker.Paintings and prints
<mask>ue credits the beginning of his art career to living in Europe as part of Notre Dame's study abroad program in Angers, France. He studied art history and European politics at the language-intensive Université Catholique de l'Ouest, an hour's train ride from the museums of Paris. He also sought out smaller, less crowded museums where he could sit with the works of the French Impressionist painters. The sketches and preliminary paintings of Degas, <mask>, Gauguin and Picasso, often just charcoal on scraps of paper, impressed upon <mask> Noue the power of a well-executed line and subtle pairing of color. The Mascot Gallery
La Noue's best known collection is the Mascot Gallery print series, a set of figurative and impressionistic images that tell the stories of American icons. He began his work on the histories and traditions behind mascots with "The Original Fighting Irish Print Series", exploring the cultural significance of the Fighting Irish, the mascot of his undergraduate alma mater. Former head Notre Dame football coach Brian Kelly has said of "The Original Fighting Irish" that it captures the swagger and toughness that defines the school's athletic program."It's about a humility, it's about a work ethic," Head Notre Dame lacrosse coach Kevin Corrigan has said, "...and I think he captured all of that in a painting that we really take to heart". In 2011, <mask>ue was commissioned by Western Michigan University to create an entry representing their mascot, the Broncos, for the 2011 ArtPrize competition. He created a 6,500-square-foot mesh wrap around the Western Michigan University-Grand Rapids Graduate Building that depicts a fifty-foot tall herd of horses flanking a rearing central horse whose face is patterned like the western half of the state of Michigan. The original artwork for "Epic Broncos" was created using paint, charcoal and pastels before being scanned, printed on a 2-ton mesh canvas, and hung with construction lifts. <mask> Noue interviewed the university president, athletic directors, deans, alumni, coaches and dozens of other university officials to understand the significance of the Bronco to the University. Western Michigan University described the collaboration as an opportunity for the college to "do the defining" of its own story. Techniques and processes
Much of <mask> Noue's work mixes the formal principles of figurative and impressionistic art, with stylization inspired by film noir, comic book art and the avant-garde.He uses drawings, paintings, and photography to add texture to his film work and often studies motion picture and photography to create movement in his paintings and prints. He frequently employs a giclée printing technique to create master images from layers of microscopic digital scans of his mixed media works on paper. Photography
In 2012, <mask> Noue opened his first private show at his Durham gallery. Lady Buenos Aires: Portrait of a City in Abstract Symmetry consisted of twenty images of Buenos Aires, Argentina, including a set of "quadrographs", or single photographs rotated and repeated to create kaleidoscopic, abstract portraits. In addition to the quadrographs, <mask> Noue created a series distinctively layered prints portraying the city "as a woman" preparing for a night of tango ritual. His most recent collection of quadrographs, Detroit in Abstract Symmetry, will debut at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum as part of the 2012 ArtPrize competition. Film
La Noue has done creative work on large feature productions, directed and produced several short films, and regularly consults on an array of movie projects.Alongside Martin Scorsese, he was a creative advisor on the 2011 HBO documentary The Loving Story. His short documentary Harvest was made in collaboration with the ALS Association, and continues to be used to lobby the United States Congress in support of stem cell research. Portrait of a Glitch, his short experimental documentary film, premiered nationally at the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive and is screened in genomics classes at the Stanford University School of Medicine. <mask>ue wrote and directed a satirical documentary Stanford Banned about the controversial Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band. The film premiered at the Ivy Film Festival and is screened annually during Stanford's reunion weekend. References

External links
Mascot Gallery

Living people
1976 births
American filmmakers
Artists from Baltimore
University of Notre Dame alumni
Stanford University alumni
Businesspeople from Durham, North Carolina

masks:
Revere La Noue
La No
Paul Revere
La
La No
Toulouse Lautrec
La
La No
La
La
La
La
La No


texts:
<mask> (born 13 November 1960) is a former professional football striker. He scored 223 goals in 567 league and cup appearances over the course of an 18-year career and also earned seven caps for the Republic of Ireland. He started his career in his native Scotland with Greenock Morton in 1980, before moving on to Airdrieonians, Queen of the South, and then Albion Rovers in 1983. He scored 31 goals in 43 appearances to become to highest scorer in the Scottish Football League in the 1984–85 campaign, before he was sold on to Middlesbrough for a fee of £25,000 early in the following season. He was promoted three times with the club: out of the Third Division in 1986–87, out of the Second Division via the play-offs in 1988, and again out of the Second Division in 1991–92. He also played for Middlesbrough in the 1990 final of the Full Members Cup, and became the first Irish player to score a goal in the Premier League in the inaugural 1992–93 season. He was twice named as the club's Player of the Year and scored a total of 146 goals in 381 appearances during his eight years at Ayresome Park.He took a free transfer to Port Vale in March 1993, and helped the club to lift the Football League Trophy two months later. He returned to the North-East in February 1994 after joining Darlington on a free transfer. He helped the club to avoid finishing bottom of the English Football League at the end of the season, before he announced his retirement in May 1995. He later played non-league football for Billingham Synthonia. He went into radio after retiring as a player, presenting shows and providing commentary on Middlesbrough matches with Ali Brownlee for Century Network and Real Radio. He also presented television programmes on Boro TV and published two autobiographies. Despite being born in Scotland, his Irish grandfather enabled him to win seven caps for the Republic of Ireland, which he did between 1990 and 1993.This short international career resulted in the honour of being named in Ireland's 1990 FIFA World Cup squad – though he did not feature in the tournament. Club career

Early career
<mask> was born on 13 November 1960; he was born in Paisley, Renfrewshire but grew up in the Castlemilk area of Glasgow. An only child, his father, Hugh, was a delivery driver for the Co-op and his mother, Alice, was a tailor. He joined Partick Thistle Amateurs at the age of 14 and played at left-half. He went on to play for Eastercraigs, and again played left-half as their centre-forward was future Everton player Graeme Sharp. At the age of 18, Slaven rejected an approach from Scottish Second Division club East Stirlingshire and instead joined junior league side Johnstone Burgh. However, he soon became disillusioned with the long train journeys to Johnstone and stopped going to the club.After his contract with Johnstone Burgh ended he joined local club Rutherglen Glencairn. During his time as an amateur footballer he worked for the Co-op, before spending some time unemployed. He was transferred to Greenock Morton in December 1980 for a fee of £750, but remained with Rutherglen Glencairn for the rest of the season. He made his debut for Morton as a second-half substitute in a 3–0 win over Airdrieonians in October 1981. He made his first start against Celtic at Cappielow, and had a goal disallowed during the game, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He scored his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw with Airdrieonians, which was the only goal of his 13 Scottish Premier Division appearances in the 1981–82 season. He soon fell out with manager Benny Rooney after demanding more game time.Slaven made nine non-scoring appearances during the 1982–83 campaign, and was released in the summer. Slaven joined Scottish First Division club Airdrieonians on a one-month contract after manager Bill Munro needed short-term replacements during an injury crisis. He then spent three months without a club, before signing with Dumfries side Queen of the South. He played two Second Division matches for the club before again becoming a free agent. He made little impression at Palmerston Park, and in a later interview teammate George Cloy said of Slaven, "He was just a man who liked playing football. He was a nice enough guy but he wasn't one of the more rowdy ones." He joined Albion Rovers in April 1983 after being signed by Benny Rooney – his former manager at Morton; however it would be Rooney's successor, Andy Ritchie, who converted Slaven from a left-half into a centre-forward.In this new position he scored 31 goals in the 1984–85 season with many set up by Vic Kasule. Slaven won the 1984–85 Daily Record Golden Shot award in the process. Ritchie would not enjoy the benefits of his decision though, as he was replaced by Joe Baker early in the season, and Baker went to also appoint Slaven as club captain. Slaven went on to be named as both the club's and the division's Player of the Year. During this time as a semi-professional he was working as a gardener, but Rovers chairman Tom Fagan demanded £40,000 to sell Slaven, which was a high price for a non-professional third-tier player. Slaven refused to play for Rovers, and was subsequently contacted by a reporter from The Sunday Post, who wrote to 54 English and Scottish clubs on his behalf. Middlesbrough responded to the letter with the offer of a two-week trial.Middlesbrough
In a trial game against Bradford City, Slaven scored and impressed enough to win a move to the club, who secured his services after paying Albion Rovers a £25,000 fee. He made his debut in a 1–0 defeat to Leeds United at Elland Road on 12 October, and seven days later scored on his competitive home debut for the club to secure a 1–1 draw with Bradford City. Middlesbrough went on a run of five wins in eight games during November and December, but manager Willie Maddren was sacked after picking up just one point in January. Slaven scored two headed goals to secure a 3–1 victory over Grimsby Town on 4 March in new manager Bruce Rioch's first match in charge. However the final game of the 1985–86 season against Shrewsbury Town guaranteed safety for the winners and relegation for the losers, and a 2–1 defeat for "Boro" saw the club relegated out of the Second Division. Middlesbrough entered liquidation during the 1986–87 season, and the Official receiver sacked Rioch and his staff and banned the club from Ayresome Park. After a new consortium rescued the club Rioch was reinstated as manager, and though he used the opportunity to overhaul the club's playing staff, Rioch made Slaven a key part of his new squad.Despite this, Rioch was not afraid to publicly criticise Slaven, and following the club's first defeat of the season by Blackpool on 11 October stated that "...he's overdue a good performance, I wasn't pleased with his form and it's time to show us what he gets paid for". He responded well to the criticism, and scored all three goals when Blackpool returned to Ayresome Park in the FA Cup the following month. He played in all the club's 58 league and cup games that season, scoring 22 goals, to help Middlesbrough to secure promotion as runners-up to AFC Bournemouth. He helped secure a second successive promotion in 1987–88, which saw Middlesbrough rise from the Third Division to the First Division within two years of avoiding liquidation. He scored 24 goals in 58 appearances, including hat-tricks in a 4–1 win at Huddersfield Town and a 4–0 home win over Shrewsbury Town. However Middlesbrough lost to Leicester City on the last day of the season and so finished third behind Aston Villa on goals scored, and needed to secure promotion through the play-offs. He scored against Bradford City in the play-off semi-final to help secure a 3–2 aggregate victory and a place against Chelsea in the play-off final.He provided an assist for Trevor Senior in the first leg at Ayresome Park and then scored Boro's second goal to secure a 2–0 win; Chelsea won the return fixture 1–0 at Stamford Bridge, but Middlesbrough won 2–1 on aggregate to replace Chelsea in the top-flight. Slaven scored a first-half hat-trick in a 4–3 win over Coventry City on 1 October, shortly after he and several teammates agreed new four-year contracts with Middlesbrough. At the end of the month he was moved to the left-wing to accommodate new club record signing Peter Davenport, but he soon was returned to centre-forward after Davenport struggled to score the goals to justify his £700,000 transfer fee. In November, Slaven was dropped from the starting eleven for the trip to face Nottingham Forest, which brought to an end his run of 136 consecutive league appearances. The team struggled in the second half of the 1988–89 season, and when Slaven scored both goals in a 2–1 win over West Ham United at Upton Park on 11 April he ended the club's run of 11 league games without a victory. Middlesbrough dropped into the relegation zone for the first time on the last day of the season; their 1–0 defeat at Sheffield Wednesday confirmed Middlesbrough's relegation alongside West Ham United and Newcastle United. Having scored 15 league goals despite playing many games on the left-wing of a relegated team, Slaven was named as the North-East Player of the Year by local journalists.Middlesbrough struggled with injuries throughout the 1989–90 campaign, and ended up finishing just one place above the relegation zone, leading to Rioch's dismissal. They did however manage to beat Port Vale, Sheffield Wednesday, Newcastle United, and Aston Villa to reach Wembley to face Chelsea in the 1990 Full Members Cup Final; this was the club's first appearance at Wembley. The final itself was to be a disappointment however, with a free-kick from Chelsea's Tony Dorigo proving to be the only goal of the afternoon. Despite Middlesbrough finishing in 21st-place, Slaven scored 32 goals in all competitions, which led to speculation of a move away from Ayresome Park. He handed in a written transfer request, which was turned down by manager Colin Todd, and Slaven agreed to a new contract and withdrew his transfer request. He went six games without a goal early in the 1990–91 season, but broke this run with a hat-trick in a 4–2 win over Brighton & Hove Albion at the Goldstone Ground on 27 October. However, he was substituted at half-time during a home defeat to Charlton Athletic on 10 November, and reacted badly, leaving the ground and not witnessing the second half.He returned to the starting eleven the following week, and went on to claim a goal in his next five appearances. However, he again fell out with Todd after being played at left-wing in January, and was dropped from the first team altogether after telling the media that "if the manager is not going to play me in the middle, then he should drop me". He returned to the centre-forward role, and claimed two goals in a 3–0 home win over rivals Newcastle United on 12 March, though went on to finish the season on a run of 15 games without a goal. Middlesbrough finished in the play-off places, but lost out to Notts County in the semi-finals. Todd intended on an overhaul of the playing squad and placed Slaven on the transfer-list along with ten of his

masks:
Bernard Joseph Slaven
Bernie Slaven


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 teammates. Todd was sacked in June 1991, and his successor Lennie Lawrence decided to keep Slaven and to play him in a partnership with new signing Paul Wilkinson. However Slaven picked up a calf strain in pre-season and lost his first team place to Stuart Ripley.He regained his first team place early in September after scoring three goals as a substitute against Portsmouth and Oxford United. On 28 September, he scored the opening goal in a 2–1 victory over rivals Sunderland. However Lawrence felt that Slaven was too individualistic, and in November he spent £700,000 on Hull City striker Andy Payton, who he hoped would prove to be an effective striker partner for Paul Wilkinson. Payton scored on his debut against Bristol City on 23 November, but Slaven claimed the other two goals in a 3–1 victory, and Payton left the field on a stretcher after picking up an injury. However Slaven injured his knee in January and after undergoing surgery was ruled out of action for five weeks. He scored a hat-trick in a 4–0 win over Brighton on 21 March, but fell out with Lawrence and was dropped for the end of season promotion run-in. He returned for the crucial final game of the season against Wolverhampton Wanderers however, and set up a late Jon Gittens equaliser, before a late winner from Wilkinson secured a 2–1 victory and the second automatic promotion place for Middlesbrough.That season Middlesbrough had also reached the semi-final of the League Cup; in the second leg against Manchester United at Old Trafford Slaven equalised to send the game to extra time, before Ryan Giggs scored the winning goal. On 19 August 1992, he became Ireland's first goalscorer in the Premier League when he scored both Middlesbrough goals in a 2–0 win over Manchester City. With Payton and Ripley both moved on, Slaven started seven of the club's first ten Premier League games of the 1992–93 season, and scored in consecutive games against Aston Villa and Manchester United. His goal against Manchester United on 3 October proved to be his last for Middlesbrough as Lawrence began playing Wilkinson on his own up front from October, leaving Slaven on the bench for most of the rest of the campaign. Slaven again requested a transfer, and Lawrence said he would listen to any offers the club received. Lawrence sent Slaven to train with the youth team after the pair fell out during a training ground session, and Slaven was made available on a free transfer after he told the press how strained the pair's relationship had become. Later career
In March 1993, Slaven signed for John Rudge's Second Division Port Vale on a free transfer.He was sent off on his debut in a 1–0 win over Leyton Orient at Brisbane Road on 20 March – the first red card of his career – after kicking Adrian Whitbread in retaliation for a bad challenge. He scored his first goal for the "Valiants" with a 25-yard volley in a 4–0 win over Wigan Athletic at Springfield Park on 17 April. Four days later he scored the only goal of the game in the Football League Trophy southern area final second leg match with Exeter City at St James Park to secure Vale a place in the final. He also scored on the final day of the season to help turn round a half-time 2–1 deficit to Blackpool at Bloomfield Road into a 4–2 win; however they ended the season in third-place, one point behind promoted Bolton Wanderers, and so entered the play-offs. He went on to provid the cross for Martin Foyle to score the winning goal past Stockport County in the play-off semi-finals. Stockport County were also Vale's opponents in the Football League Trophy final at Wembley on 22 May, and Slaven managed to set up Paul Kerr for Vale's first goal before scoring the second decisive goal of a 2–1 victory. Ironically it was Sky TV's match summariser, Lennie Lawrence, who was tasked with naming Slaven as the man of the match just two months after letting him go on a free transfer.Eight days later he featured again at Wembley in the play-off Final, which ended in a 3–0 defeat to West Bromwich Albion. He started the 1993–94 season with a hat-trick in a 6–0 win over Barnet in the first home game of the campaign on 21 August. However, he picked up a calf strain and lost his first team place to Nicky Cross, who performed well in Slaven's absence. He was also punched in the face by Peter Swan in a training ground incident, though the pair would eventually make up and become friends. Slaven wanted to return to the North-East to be with his wife Karen and new-born son Dominic, however manager John Rudge was reluctant to lose Slaven despite being unable to promise him a contract for the following season. He scored his last goal for the club in a 1–0 win over Premier League Southampton in an FA Cup third round replay at Vale Park on 18 January. Slaven joined Darlington in February 1994, who were struggling at the bottom of the Third Division.Despite playing at a lower standard, he found shooting chances hard to come by, and ended the 1994–95 campaign with two goals in 11 appearances. Darlington avoided dropping into non-league after Slaven scored the winning goal against Chesterfield that moved Darlington above Northampton Town and off the bottom of the table. The "Quakers" again fared poorly in 1994–95 under Alan Murray, and though Slaven managed to hit seven goals in 31 games he was given a free transfer in May 1995. He took the decision to retire from professional football after a consultant advised him that a troubling back injury would only get worse with further stress. He played for Northern League side Billingham Synthonia during the 1997–98 and 1998–99 seasons, scoring 22 goals in 21 appearances. International career
Slaven qualified for Republic of Ireland through his Irish grandfather. He took the decision to represent Ireland after being consistently overlooked for the Scotland team by manager Andy Roxburgh, and stated that: "if I'd been scoring for Celtic or Rangers I'd have walked into the side, there are people getting in the team that can hardly play the game".After calling Slaven up in 1990, Ireland manager Jack Charlton said that "<mask> is the type of player who could benefit from Cascarino's knock downs... we have been looking for a player like <mask> for quite a while now". He made his international debut in a friendly on 28 March 1990, and scored the only goal of the game against Wales from a rebound after Kevin Sheedy had a penalty saved by Neville Southall. He won a second cap as a substitute against Finland on 16 May, before he was named in the Ireland squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Slaven did not feature in the tournament however, and suffered from homesickness. Tony Cascarino claimed in his autobiography that Slaven would telephone his dog every night when away from home with the squad: "... <mask> would be howling like Lassie into the phone 'Woof, woof, aru, aru, woof!' He'd be kissing the receiver and lavishing affection – 'Hello, lovey dovey' – on a dog!" A church-going Catholic, Slaven stated that the highlight of the tournament was the day when the squad met Pope John Paul II at the Vatican.He won the last of his seven caps on 17 February 1993, in a 2–1 win over Wales in a friendly at Tolka Park. Style of play
Slaven was a forward who scored many goals due to his excellent first touch, anticipation and finishing skills. He was criticised for his defending and heading skills, as well as his habit of frequently standing in an offside position. His customary goal celebration was to jump upon the fence at the Holgate End at Boro's old ground, Ayresome Park. When the ground was knocked down in 1996, Slaven acquired a section of the fence from the Holgate End and displayed it in his back garden for some years. Media career
Slaven was granted a testimonial game by Middlesbrough against Hereford United at the Riverside Stadium in 1996, but was embarrassed by a low turnout of 3,537. He went into radio after retiring as a player, and co-hosted Century FM's coverage of Middlesbrough matches with Ali Brownlee from 1996 to 2007.Brownlee tended to be positive and optimistic about Middlesbrough, whereas Slaven would be more critical and realistic. The pair also presented shows for NTL's "Boro TV" channel from 1997 until Slaven was sacked in December 2002 after he missed a filming session in protest at the company's habit of failing to pay wages on time. In 1999, Slaven bared his buttocks in Binns department store window in Middlesbrough after telling Brownlee on Century FM that if Middlesbrough beat Manchester United at Old Trafford, he would perform the dare. Middlesbrough ran out 3–2 winners, so Slaven had to go ahead with the dare, with the score painted on his cheeks. He went on to recreate the moment on television for They Think It's All Overs "Feel The Sportsman" round. He announced his intention to stand for the newly created post of Mayor of Middlesbrough in October 2002, but withdrew from the race before the election as his candidacy was a publicity stunt for Century FM rather than a serious attempt to enter politics. He went on to present Legends Football Phone-In for Real Radio North East and later Koast Radio from 200 to 2014, alongside him were Malcolm Macdonald and Eric Gates who was replaced later by Micky Horswill.He released two autobiographies: Strikingly Different in 1996, and Legend? in 2007. In 2015 Slaven became a Patron of Sporting Memories, a charity that supports former players and older fans living with dementia, depression or loneliness. Statistics
Club statistics
Source:

International statistics

Honours
Individual
Albion Rovers F.C. Player of the Year: 1984–85
Scottish Football League Second Division Player of the Year: 1984–85
Middlesbrough F.C. Player of the Year: 1988–89, 1989–90

Middlesbrough
Football League Third Division runner-up: 1986–87
Football League Second Division play-off winner: 1988
Full Members Cup runner up: 1990
Football League Second Division runner-up: 1991–92

Port Vale
Football League Trophy winner: 1993

See also
 List of Republic of Ireland international footballers born outside the Republic of Ireland

ReferencesGeneral
 Specific'

External links
 <mask>n's official website

1960 births
Footballers from Paisley, Renfrewshire
Footballers from Glasgow
Living people
Association football forwards
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish footballers
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland international footballers
Scottish gardeners
Irish gardeners
Johnstone Burgh F.C. players
Rutherglen Glencairn F.C.players
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) players
Queen of the South F.C. players
Albion Rovers F.C. players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Darlington F.C.players
Billingham Synthonia F.C. players
1990 FIFA World Cup players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Premier League players
Northern Football League players
Scottish Roman Catholics
Scottish association football commentators
Irish association football commentators
Scottish television presenters
Irish television presenters
Scottish autobiographers
Irish

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Bernie
Bernie
Bernie
Bernie Slave


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<mask> is a South Sudanese politician who was state minister of Energy and Mining in the Khartoum-based Government of National Unity between 2005 and 2010. She ran for election as governor of Unity State in April 2010 but was defeated in an election that she claimed was rigged. She was appointed as Minister of Defence of South Sudan in March 2020. Background
<mask> was educated in Great Britain and speaks both  English and Arabic fluently. <mask> is one of the most prominent women politicians in South Sudan. In November 2003 <mask> facilitated a conference of South Sudan women on "The House of Nationalities", held in Lokichokio, a concept designed to foster peace and national unity through recognition of diversity. State Minister of Energy and Mining

The Second Sudanese Civil War formally ended in January 2005 with establishment of an autonomous Government of South Sudan (GoSS) and a defined process to move towards a referendum on full independence.<mask> was state minister of Energy and Mining in the Khartoum-based Government of National Unity between 2005 and 2010. At a November 2006 conference on Oil and the Future of Sudan, held in Juba, she noted that there had been considerable controversy over the Ministry of Energy and Mining when the Government of National Unity was being formed. The oil industry had been developed during the civil war as a means to finance that war, at great human cost, and military concerns had dictated the structure of the industry. Now the government was struggling to organize the National Petroleum Commission (NPC), but the SPLM had confidence in the process. She said "Sudan now has the opportunity to develop the oil sector in order to support the peace, to ensure that unity is attractive, to ensure that those aggrieved during war get redressed, and to take our place in the modern world where oil is produced with social responsibility. Now is the time as a nation to put together a vision and strategy for theproper management of this strategic resource". She noted that contracts had to be reviewed, local people compensated and environmental issues addressed.The expansion of oil production south into the vast Sudd wetlands, protected under the international Ramsar Convention, raised significant challenges. In a 2007 interview she noted that oil production and sales figures were given to her ministry by the Chinese-led Greater Nile Production Company. The ministry had no way of checking for accuracy. She said: "We have an oil revenue calculation committee, and every month, we look at the production and sales figures, and work out the figures for who takes what ... Right now, those figures are just based on production, and then shared between North and South. There isn't much trust, that's why you hear complaining from the South Sudan about the amounts they are getting". In October 2007 she said "GoSS [Government of Southern Sudan] is uncertain about the oil production figures released by the federal government and also feels that its quota is not fair....GoSS was not given any representation at the strategic stages of oil production and overseas marketing". April 2010 elections

In the April 2010 elections <mask> broke from her party, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement, and ran as an independent candidate for Governor of Unity State. Her main challenger was the incumbent governor Taban Deng Gai. Early reports showed she was leading by a wide margin against the other six contestants. The state electoral body announced that Taban Deng Gai won by 137,662 votes, beating <mask> with 63,561 votes. The defeated parties said in a joint statement that there had been widespread rigging and called for a review by the National Elections Commission. <mask> said she would not accept or recognize the results.<mask> detailed many irregularities, including ejection of observers, missing ballot boxes, vote counts in excess of the number of registered voters and so on. Her campaign leader was arrested when he and members of his team tried to enter the State High Elections Committee's office. Police shot dead two people and four others were injured when police opened fire on a crowd of protesters in the state capital, Bentiu. <mask> called on her supporters to be calm and avoid violence, which has been endemic in Unity State, the main oil-producing area in South Sudan. Later career
The Unity State governor Taban Deng later accused Teny and SPLM-DC Chairman Lam Akol of supporting Colonel Galwak Gai, who led a mutiny against the SPLM Army after the elections. Edward Lino, a member of the SPLM leadership, allegedly accused her of supporting insurgency in Unity State. In response, <mask> said that she was filing a lawsuit against Edward Lino.<mask> was said to have promised to appoint Gai as a county commissioner if she won the election, and he rebelled when he failed to obtain this position. <mask> was appointed adviser on petroleum matters to the South Sudan Energy and Mines Ministry, and was the leader of negotiations with the Khartoum government over ownership and management of oil assets. While attending an energy conference in Ghana in September 2011 she spoke on the state of the oil industry in South Sudan after two months of full independence. She said that management of oil resources was largely though not entirely being handled from the south, and South Sudan was in control of most of its oil fields. "Those fields that are producing" had output of about 300,000 barrels per day. <mask> said the government had created the outline of a 3-year program to develop infrastructure. This included construction of an oil refinery to meet domestic needs.A new law to regulate the industry was almost ready to be published. South Sudan urgently needed capital to meet Millennium Development Goals and to build roads and pipelines. She said the oil companies were talking to the government, which was reviewing existing contracts. More information was needed for Juba to be able to assess reserves. Personal life
She is the wife of Riek Machar, the current Vice President of South Sudan. They have four children. On 18 May 2020, <mask> and her husband tested positive for COVID-19.References

Living people
Nuer people
Sudan People's Liberation Movement politicians
21st-century women politicians
Government ministers of South Sudan
People from Unity (state)
Women government ministers of South Sudan
Year of birth missing (living people)
Female defence ministers

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Angelina Jany Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Teny
Angelina Teny
Angelina Teny
Teny


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<mask>, anagrammatic pseudonym of Carlo Alberto Camillo Mariano Salustri (Rome, 26 October 1871 – 21 December 1950), was an Italian poet, writer and journalist, particularly known for his works in Romanesco dialect. Biography

Childhood and education (1871-1886)
Carlo Alberto Camillo Salustri was born in Rome on 26 October 1871. His father, Vincenzo, was a waiter from Albano Laziale, his mother, Carlotta Poldi, was a Bolognese seamstress. He was the second-born child of the Salustri family and was baptized on 31 October in the Church of San Giacomo in Augusta, when the fourth name, Mariano, was added. A year later, in 1872, at the age of three, his sister, Elisabetta, died of diphtheria. His tormented childhood was affected again two years later, on 1 April 1874, by the death of his father Vincenzo. After the death of her husband, Carlotta Poldi decided to move with her son Carlo to Via Ripetta, where they stayed for only eleven months, before moving again to the palace in Piazza di Pietra, belonging to the Marquis Ermenegildo del Cinque, Carlo's godfather.It is believed that Carlo owes his acquaintance with Filippo Chiappini, a Romanesco poet and disciple of Belli, to the Marquis; indeed, Chiappini's sonnet Ar marchese Riminigirdo Der Cinque (To the Marquis Riminigirdo Der Cinque), addressed to Trilussa's godfather, seems to be referring to Carlotta Poldi and her son in the last triplet. (Filippo Chiappini, Ar marchese Riminigirdo Der Cinque)

In 1877 Carlotta enrolled her son in the San Nicola municipal schools, where Carlo attended first and second grade. Then, in October 1880, he took the examination for admission to the Collegio Poli of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, but having made a simple mistake in subtraction, he was forced to repeat the second year. Because of his negligence and lack of commitment, he had to repeat the third grade and then, in 1886, he abandoned formal studies for good, despite the pressure of his mother, his uncle Marco Salustri and Professor Chiappini, who insisted that Carlo continue to study. An article in the Corriere della Sera of 7 November 2020, in the sports pages, shows a photo of Trilussa next to that of a young athlete captured wearing the Lazio Sports Club jersey. The two are almost identical: the photo was in fact taken inside the Casina dell'Uccelliera in Villa Borghese between 1906 and 1913, the site of the former official headquarters of the sports club. <mask>, a well-known freemason, knew all the directors of the Lazio Sports Club and was friends with Giggi Zanazzo and Nino Ilari, well-known poets and playwrights who were regulars at the club.Sandro Ciotti, a well-known Lazio youth footballer, Lazio fan and future sports broadcaster born in Rome, had <mask> as his godfather. Debut and the Stelle de Roma (1887-1890)

In 1887, at the age of sixteen, he presented one of his poems to Giggi Zanazzo, the dialectal poet director of Rugantino, asking for it to be published. The sonnet, inspired by Belli, entitled L'invenzione della stampa (The Invention of Printing), begins with Johann Gutenberg's invention and ends with a criticism of contemporary printing in the final tercets:

(Trilussa, L'invenzione della stampa)

Zanazzo agreed to publish the sonnet, which appeared in the edition of 30 October 1887, signed at the bottom with the pseudonym Trilussa. From this first publication he began an assiduous collaboration with the Roman periodical, thanks also to the support and encouragement of Edoardo Perino, editor of Rugantino, which would lead the young Trilussa to publish, between 1887 and 1889, fifty poems and forty-one prose works. Among the many poems printed between the pages of Rugantino, the Stelle de Roma (Stars of Rome), a series of about thirty madrigals, that paid homage to some of the most beautiful young women in Rome, were a resounding success. Starting with the first stella, published on 3 June 1988, the poems dedicated to Roman women gradually gained such popularity that they involved the entire Rugantino editorial staff. Several authors, hiding behind pseudonyms, would try their hand at writing poems entitled to stelle along the lines of those of Trilussa.The popularity of his compositions led <mask> to select twenty of them and, after revising them and making substantial changes, to publish them in his first collection of poems, Stelle de Roma. Versi romaneschi (Stars of Rome, Roman verses), published in 1889 by Cerroni and Solaro. However, his sudden popularity brought with it criticism from Belli's disciples, who attacked him for the themes he dealt with and accused him of using the Romanesco dialect combined with Italian. Among them was Filippo Chiappini himself, who, under the pseudonym Mastro Naticchia, mocked his pupil by means of two poems published in Rugantino. After his first work was published, his collaborations with Rugantino decreased in frequency; however, <mask> remained strongly tied to the publisher Perino, with whom, in 1890, he published the almanac Er Mago de Bborgo. Lunario pe' 'r 1890 (The Village Magician. 1980 Almanac).It is a revival of the eponymous almanac conceived in 1859 by the Roman poet Adone Finardi, produced in collaboration with Francesco Sabatini, known as Padron Checco, and the illustrator Adriano Minardi, alias Silhouette. <mask> wrote for the almanac a sonnet for each month of the year, with the addition of a closing composition and some prose in Roman dialect. The Don Chisciotte and the Favole Rimodernate (1891-1900)
The experience of the almanac was repeated the following year with Er Mago de Bborgo. Lunario pe' 'r 1891 (The Village Magician: 1891 Almanac): this time the texts are all by Trilussa, without the collaboration of Francesco Sabatini, but accompanied again by Silhouette's drawings. In the meantime, the Roman poet collaborated with various periodicals, publishing poems and prose in Il Ficcanaso. Almanacco popolare con caricature per l'anno 1890, Il Cicerone and La Frusta (The Meddler. Popular Almanac with Caricatures for the year 1890, The Cicerone, and The Whip).However, <mask>'s most important collaboration came in 1891, when he began writing for the Don Chisciotte della Mancia, a daily newspaper with national circulation, alternating satirical articles targeting Crispi's politics with city chronicles. His production for the paper thickened in 1893, when the newspaper changed its name to Il Don Chisciotte di Roma, and <mask>, at the age of twenty-two, joined the newspaper's editorial board. It was during this period that <mask> prepared the publication of his second volume of poems, Quaranta sonetti romaneschi (Forty Roman Sonnets), a collection which, despite its name, contains forty-one sonnets, selected mainly from recent publications in Il Don Chisciotte di Roma and partly from the older poems published in Rugantino; the collection, published in 1894, marked the beginning of the collaboration between Trilussa and the Roman publisher Voghera, a relationship that would continue for the next twenty-five years. It was on Luigi Arnaldo Vassallo's newspaper that the fable-writer <mask> was born, between 1885 and 1899: twelve of the poet's fables appeared in Don Chisciotte; the first among them was La Cecala e la Formica (The Cicada and the Ant), published on 29 November 1895, which, in addition to being the first fable ever written, and the first by Trilussa, is also the first of the so-called Favole Rimodernate (Modernised Tales), which Diego De Miranda, the editor of the column Tra piume e strascichi, in which the fable was published, thus announced:

(Diego De Miranda)

When De Miranda said that the Roman poet was no longer publishing sonnets because he was studying them, he was probably referring to the collection that Trilussa was preparing, and of which he was aware, which would see daylight only in 1898, printed by Tipografia Folchetto under the title Altri sonetti. Preceduti da una lettera di Isacco di David Spizzichino, strozzino (Other Sonnets. Preceded by a Letter of Isacco di David Spizzichino, Usurer). The curious title of the work originated from an episode that biographers consider real: Trilussa, in financial difficulties, asked Isacco di David Spizzichino, a moneylender, for a loan, guaranteeing to pay him back after the publication of his next book.But the book was late to be published, and Isacco sent a peremptory letter to the poet; <mask> decided to report the story with the cheerfulness and irony that always distinguished him: he included in the collection a dedication to his usurer and the intimidating letter as a preface to the work. In the meantime, the Roman poet began to become declaimer of his own verses, which he recited in cultural circles, theatres, aristocratic salons, and cafè-concerts, Trilussa's favourite places, symbols of the Belle Époque. Without knowing German, in 1898 <mask> ventured on his first foreign experience to Berlin, accompanied by the transformist Leopoldo Fregoli. Elocutionist <mask> (1901-1914)

In the wake of his success, he began to frequent 'salons' as a poet-commentator on the day's events. During the Fascist period, he avoided joining the Fascist Party, but preferred to define himself as a non-fascist rather than an anti-fascist. Although he made political satire, his relations with the regime were always calm and marked by mutual respect. In 1922, Arnoldo Mondadori Editore began publishing all his collections.Also in 1922, the writer joined Arcadia under the pseudonym of Tibrindo Plateo, which was also that of Belli. He was godfather to the journalist and sports radio reporter Sandro Ciotti. The President of the Republic Luigi Einaudi appointed Trilussa senator for life on 1 December 1950, twenty days before he died (in one of the first issues of Epoca dedicated to the news of his death in 1950, could be read that the poet, long since ill, and prescient of the imminent end, had commented with unchanged irony: "They have appointed me senator to death"; the fact remains that <mask>, although seventy-nine at the time of his death, insisted, with old-fashioned coquetry, on declaring that he was 73). His last words, pronounced almost in a whisper to his faithful maid Rosa Tomei, seem to have been: "I'm leaving now". The maid, however, told the journalist of "Epoca" who interviewed her: "I was sewing a new scarf, now he won't need it anymore". He died on December 21, 1950, the same day of Giuseppe Gioachino Belli, another Roman poet, and Giovanni Boccaccio. He was almost two meters tall, as evidenced by the photos accompanying the news of his death, published by the Mondadori weekly Epoca in 1950.He was a freemason. He is buried in

masks: Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa


texts:
 the historic Verano Cemetery in Rome, behind the Pincetto wall on the Caracciolo ramp. Engraved on the marble book on his tomb there is the poem Felicità (Happiness). The collection of Tutte le poesie (Collected Poems) was published posthumously in 1951, edited by Pietro Pancrazi, and with drawings by the author. Style and themes

Socio-political satire
In witty language, barely rippled by his bourgeois dialect, Trilussa commented on around fifty years of Roman and Italian news, from the Giolittian era to the years of fascism and the post-war years. The corruption of politicians, the fanaticism of hierarchs and the scheming of the powerful are some of his favourite targets. In some of his poems, such as Er venditore de pianeti, Trilussa also manifested a certain patriotism of the Risorgimento type.However, satire, conducted with a certain political apathy and scepticism, is not the only motif that inspires Trilussian poetry: there are frequent moments of crepuscular melancholy, disconsolate reflection, here and there corrected by flashes of irony, on withering loves, on the loneliness that makes old age bitter and empty (the models in this case are Lorenzo Stecchetti and Guido Gozzano). The key to accessing and reading Trilussa's satire can be found in fables. Like other fable writers, he also had something to teach, however, his moral was never generic or vague, but linked to the real-time comments on the issues of life. He was not satisfied with his happy endings; therefore, he pursued his own amusement already during text composition and, of course, that of the reader to whom the product was addressed. The Romanesco poet
Trilussa was the third great dialect Roman poet to appear on the scene from the nineteenth century onwards: while Belli, with his expressive realism, drew fully from the language of the lowest strata and turned it into short, memorable sonnets, Pascarella proposed the language of the United Italy commoner, who typically aspires to culture and middle class, integrated into a narrative of a wider scope. Trilussa devised a language even closer to Italian, in an attempt to enhance Belli's vernacular. Trilussa replaced popular Rome with bourgeois Rome, and historical satire with the humour of the daily chronicle.In particular, <mask> has the ability to highlight people's pettiness and weaknesses through incisive and biting metaphors, often based on episodes involving domestic animals. This is the case of the well-known sonnet Er cane moralista (The Judgemental Dog) in which the initial censorious and critical attitude towards reprehensible behaviour is followed by a finale in which accommodation and mutual interest recall common dynamics of human behaviour. Works
Between 1887 and 1950, <mask> initially published his poems in newspapers and later collected them in volumes. This allowed him to immediately gather the readers' opinions, as well as to show them the artistic rendering of his compositions at a first draft. It was only afterwards that he selected and refined his poems, discarding those that were less up-to-date and making stylistic, metrical, and linguistic interventions. This second phase made his collections not a simple re-proposition of poems scattered on the pages of newspapers, but real books of poems, perfected and, when necessary, renewed in relation to the social context. Stelle de Roma.Versi romaneschi, 1889. Er Mago de Bborgo. Lunario pe' 'r 1890, 1890. Er Mago de Bborgo. Lunario pe' 'r 1891, 1891. Quaranta sonetti romaneschi, 1894. Altri sonetti.Preceduti da una lettera di Isacco di David Spizzichino, strozzino, 1898. Favole romanesche, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1901. Caffè-concerto, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1901. Er serrajo, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1903. Sonetti romaneschi, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1909. Nove poesie, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1910 (online). Roma nel 1911: l'Esposizione vista a volo di cornacchia: sestine umoristiche, Roma,1911.Le storie, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1913. Ommini e bestie, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1914. La vispa Teresa, Roma, Carra, 1917. ...A tozzi e bocconi: Poesie giovanili e disperse, Roma, Carra, 1918. Le finzioni della vita. Rocca San Casciano, Licinio Cappelli, 1918. Lupi e agnelli, Roma, Enrico Voghera, 1919.Le cose, Roma-Milano, A. Mondadori, 1922. I sonetti, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1922. La Gente, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1927. Picchiabbò, ossia La moje der ciambellano: spupazzata dall'autore stesso, Roma, Edizioni d'arte Fauno, 1927. Libro n. 9, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1930. Evviva Trastevere: poesie, bozzetti, storia della festa de nojantri, varietà, Trilussa e altri, Roma, Autocultura, 1930. La porchetta bianca, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1930.Giove e le bestie, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1932. Cento favole, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1934. Libro muto, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1935. Le favole, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1935. Duecento sonetti, A. Milano, Mondadori, 1936. Sei favole di Trilussa: commentate da Guglielmo Guasta Veglia (Guasta), Bari, Laterza e Polo, 1937. Mamma primavera: favole di Trilussa: con commento di Guglielmo Guasta Veglia: disegni di Giobbe, Bari, Laterza e Polo, 1937.Lo specchio e altre poesie, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1938. La sincerità e altre fiabe nove e antiche, Milano, A. Mondadori, 1939. Acqua e vino, Roma, A. Mondadori, 1945. Le prose del Rugantino e del Don Chisciotte e altre prose, Anne-Christine Faitrop Porta, Roma, Salerno, 1992. Citations and influences
Many of <mask>'s compositions have been used on several occasions by other artists as lyrics for their own songs, sometimes reinterpreting them. Some examples:

 Ninna nanna della guerra, revisited by Maria Monti, on popular music. Ninna nanna della guerra, for many years Claudio Baglioni's masterpiece under the title Ninna nanna nanna ninna, especially in live albums (see his discography).A reference to the satire on "chickens" can be found in the song Penelope by Jovanotti, in the line "Se io mangio due polli e tu nessuno, statisticamente noi ne abbiamo mangiato uno per uno" (If I eat two chickens and you none, statistically we have eaten one for one). Examples of the use of his verses can also be found in cólta music. Alfredo Casella, for instance, set some fables in Romanesco dialect to music (Er coccodrillo, La carità, Er gatto e er cane, L'elezzione der presidente). The poem La fede (Faith) was taken up and reused by Pope John Paul I to develop one of the letters contained in the book Illustrissimi. Luciani, as in the poem, asks himself about faith: about what it is and why some people feel it ardently, while others do not have it at all. Luciani then adds some references to Manzoni. Pope John Paul I (Albino Luciani) recited one of his poems, La Fede, at a Wednesday audience during his brief pontificate in 1978.Musicals based on his texts

 Alipio Calzelli, Il balbuziente: versi di Trilussa, Napoli, Bideri. Angelo Vagnetti, Un cameriere filosofo: versi di Trilussa: musica di A. Vagnetti, Napoli, Bideri, 1903. Virgilio Brancali, La ninna nanna della guerra: canto e piano: versi di Trilussa, Roma, Casa Musicale Italiana, 1917. Costantino Lombardo, Voci lontane: Poemetto per voci e orchestra: versi di Trilussa, Roma, Tip. Danesi, 1917. Alfredo Casella, Quattro favole romanesche di Trilussa musicate per canto e pianoforte, Milano, G. Ricordi, 1924. Cesare Franco, Bolla de sapone: lirica per soprano o tenore con accompagnamento di pianoforte od orchestra: op.46: versi di Trilussa, Bari, Raffaello Leo, 1930. Agostino Zanchetta, Er chirichetto: per canto e pianoforte: parole di Trilussa, Bologna, U. Pizzi Edit. Tip., 1931. E. Sc. Skeletti, La felicità: per canto e pianoforte: versi di Trilussa, Milano, G. Ricordi, 1937. E. Sc. Skeletti, La quercia: per canto e pianoforte: versi di Trilussa, Milano, G. Ricordi, 1937.E. Sc. Skeletti, La bocca: per canto e pianoforte: versi di Trilussa, Milano, G. Ricordi, 1938. Mario Pilati, La tartaruga: per canto e pianoforte: poesia di Trilussa (da Le favole), Milano, G. Ricordi, 1940. Giuseppe Micheli, Trilussa aroma de Roma: testi di Trilussa: musiche originali di G. Micheli, Milano, Usignolo, 1976. Celestino Eccher, Sette canzoncine per bambini: su testi di Trilussa, Trento, Federazione cori del Trentino, 2000. TV miniseries
Rai 1 broadcast in the evenings of 11 and 12 March 2013 the miniseries in two episodes, starring Michele Placido, Trilussa - Storia d'amore e di poesia. References

 Corsi, M. (1968).Ecco <mask>. Cosmopolita. D'Arrigo, G. (1968). Trilussa: il tempo, i luoghi, l'opera. Arti Grafiche Scalia. Dell'Arco, M. (1951). Lunga vita di Trilussa.Bardi. Desiato, L. (2004) C'era una volta a Roma Trilussa. Mondadori. Di Massa, S. (1946). Trilussa lirico. Danesi. Escobar, M.(Ed.). (1957) Prosa e poesia romanesca: dalle origini a Trilussa. Cappelli. Faitrop-Porta, C. A. (1979). Trilussa: doppio volto di un uomo e di un'opera. Istituto di studi romani.Frapiselli, F. (2001). Trilussa con noi. Bardi. Jannattoni, L. (1979). Roma fine ottocento. Trilussa dal madrigale alla favola. Newton Compton.Luigi, C. (1945). Trilussa aneddotico. F. Mondini. Mariani, G. (1974). Trilussa: Storia di un poeta. Bonacci. Paratore, E. (1972).Trilussa: nel centenario della nascita. Istituto di studi romani. Pericoli Ridolfini, C. (1974). Disegni inediti di Trilussa. Galleria L'agostiniana. Pettinicchio, D. (2012). Concordanze delle poesie di Trilussa.il Cubo. Sorge, M. (1939). De Belli à Trilussa, la portée humaine de la poésie en dialecte romain. Droz. Trilussa. (1994). Poesie, (C. Rendina Ed.).Newton Compton, 1994. <mask>. (2012). Tutte le poesie. (C. Costa, L. Felici Eds.). Arnoldo Mondadori Editore. Vaccaro, G. (1994).Vocabolario romanesco trilussiano-italiano. il Cubo. External links

 Italian Wikisource has original text related to this article: Trilussa
 Italian Wikiquote has quotations related to Trilussa
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trilussa
 Trilussa Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Trilussa, Enciclopedia Italiana, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Trilussa, sapere.it, De Agostini. Trilussa Dizionario biografico degli italiani, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. Opere di Trilussa OpenMLOL, Horizons Unlimited srl.Opere di Trilussa Open Library, Internet Archive. <mask>, Senato della Repubblica. <mask>, Istituto centrale per i beni sonori ed audiovisivi. Spartiti o libretti di Trilussa in International Music Score Library Project, Project Petrucci LLC. Stanza di Trilussa al Museo di Roma in Trastevere
 Indici di dialettalità di Belli, Pascarella e Trilussa
 Poesie di Trilussa in poesiedautore.it
Trilussa Lyrics, in lyricstranslate.com

Notes

1871 births
1950 deaths
Italian poets
Italian male poets
Writers from Rome
Italian life

masks: Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa Trilussa


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<mask> also known as Mrs. James Thomson, was the youngest daughter of <mask>, a supervisor of excise. Following the death of her 69-year-old father in 1789, <mask> was only 11 years old, when she and her brother John moved to a house in Millhole Brae (now Burns Street) that lay opposite that of Robert Burns in Dumfries. <mask> was a close Burns family friend and when nearly at the age of eighteen helped the family by nursing Robert in the days leading up to his death and doing the domestic chores. Life and character

<mask> had a brother and also an older sister, Mary, who married William Hyslop, a Dumfries builder. As teasingly predicted by Robert Burns, <mask> married James Thomson, a lawyer or solicitor, in Dumfries on 3 June 1799. The couple had five sons and two daughters. The sons were James (1800–1820); John (1802–1834), who worked with his father; William (1805–1858), who was a captain in the merchant service, and died at the Cape of Good Hope; Thomas (1810–1859); and Alexander (1814–1859.The elder daughter, Mary (1807–1843), married George Montgomery in 1840, a Dumfries merchant. They had a son, George, and a daughter,
<mask> Montgomery. <mask>, younger daughter of James Thomson and <mask>, was born on 16 June 1816 and died unmarried in September 1877. <mask> lived in Dumfries at Maxwelltown, for the remainder of her life, dying at the age of 77 on 26 May 1855; her husband, James Thomson, having died on 5 May 1849, aged 75. <mask> and her husband were buried in a grave situated opposite to the Robert Burn's mausoleum in Saint Michael's churchyard, Dumfries. For a time John, her brother, was one of Burns colleagues in the Excise, including John Gillespie, who were romantically linked with Jean Lorimer, Burns's 'Chloris'. Association with Robert Burns and his family

<mask>, <mask>'s brother, was a colleague of Robert Burns in Dunfriesshire until his death in 1796 and gave official instruction to the Poet on his joining the service.<mask> not only nursed Robert Burns during his final illness, but also looked after his young family of four boys until his wife, Jean, had recovered from the birth of her last child, Maxwell Burns. Young Robert actually remained living with her for nearly a year. <mask> played and sang to Robert whilst he lay in his sickbed, for Burns was rarely able to leave his room from April 1796, until his death in July of that year. She is said to have had a fine singing voice that Burns compared to a Linnet (Carduelis cannabina). He became very fond of <mask> and composed his very last song for her, namely "O wert thou in the cauld blast." after hearing <mask> sing a popular song, known as "The Robin cam' to the Wren's Nest. "; Felix Mendelssohn also set this to his own haunting music.He also addressed to <mask> the song "Altho' thou maun never be mine." When she was briefly ill or indisposed Robert offered to write an epitaph to her on a crystal goblet, saying in jest "In case of the worst, Jessy, let me provide you with an epithaph":-

He also wrote a rhymed toast to her on another crystal goblet containing wine and water using a diamond pen and requested that she regard it as a keepsake for life:-

Robert wrote the following tribute to <mask> on the back of a menagerie handbill that she kept for the rest of her life: –

<mask>s great granddaughter, <mask>s Dove, inherited the handbill and it came back into the public sphere in Cambridge, around 1940. It was included as a reproduction in the 1940 Burns Chronicle. Burns also wrote to James Johnson in Edinburgh and requested a copy of "The Scots Musical Museum" for <mask>, saying "My wife has a very particular friend, a young lady who sings well, to whom she wishes to present the Scots Musical Museum, If you have a spare copy,
will you be so obliging as to send it by the very first fly, as I am anxious to have it soon." Johnson sent three, her copy being inscribed by the poet with a heartfelt expression of his appreciation for her kindness to him: -

Burns dedicated "O, Wert Thou in the Cauld Blast" to <mask>s, set to the tune "Lennox Love to Blantyre", first printed in Currie, 1800 but written in the spring or summer of 1795. {| border="0"
|-
| <div class="toccolours spoilercontents">
O wert thou in the cauld blast,
On yonder lea, on yonder lea,
My plaidie to the angry airt,
I'd shelter thee, I'd shelter thee;
Or did Misfortune's bitter storms
Around thee blaw, around thee blaw,
Thy bield should be my bosom,
To share it a', to share it a'''. </div>
|}

A thin quarto volume by Dr. Wolcott was given by Burns to <mask>, entitled Pindarinia, by Peter Pindar, 1794," in-
scribed "Un petit gage de Vamitie.R. Burns." (a small token from a friend)

After Burns's death it was <mask> who wrote on behalf of Jean Armour Burns to several of Robert's close and intimate friends, such as James Burness in Montrose. <mask>'s friendship with Jean Armour Burns continued and she remained a support to the family, caring for the four small brothers. Years after his death she related to Robert Chambers regarding Burns that "When he chanced to come home and find no dinner ready, he was never in the least irritated , but would address himself with the greatest cheerfulness to any makeshift set before him. They generally had abundance of good Dunlop cheese, sent them by their Ayrshire friends. The poet would sit down to bread and cheese, with his book by his side and seem to the casual visitor as happy as a courtier at the feast of Kings."Micro-history
<mask> had her portrait painted by John Irvine. At a festival held in honour of the poet's sons in 1844, <mask> was given pride of place next to Robert Burns' relatives. References
Notes

Sources

 Adamson, Archibald R. (1879). Rambles through the Land of Burns. Kilmarnock : Dunlop & Drennan. Dougall, Charles S. (1911). The Burns Country.London: A & C Black. Douglas, William Scott (Edit.) (1938). The Kilmarnock Edition of the Poetical Works of Robert Burns. Glasgow : The Scottish Daily Express. Hill, John C. Rev. (1961).The Love Songs and Heroines of Robert Burns. London : J. M. Dent. Mackay, James (2004). Burns. A Biography of Robert Burns. Darvel : Alloway Publishing. .
 Purdie, David; McCue Kirsteen and Carruthers, Gerrard. (2013).Maurice Lindsay's The Burns Encyclopaedia. London : Robert Hale. .
 Westwood, Peter J. (1996). Jean Armour. Mrs. Robert Burns. An Illustrated Biography. Dumfries : Creedon Publications.Westwood, Peter J. (2001). Jean Armour. My Life and Times with Robert Burns. Dumfries : Creedon Publications. .
 Westwood, Peter J. (2008). Who's Who in the World of Burns.''Robert Burns World Federation. . External links

Robert Burns
18th-century Scottish women
1778 births
1855 deaths

masks:
Jessie Lewars
John Lewars
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie Lewars
Jessie
Jessie Lewars
Jessie
Jessie
John Lewars
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie Lewar
Jessie Lewar
Jessie
Jessie Lewar
Jessie
John Lewars
Jessie
Jessie
Jessie


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<mask> (1829 – 12 August 1871) was a Xhosa journalist, minister, translator, missionary evangelist, and composer of hymns. <mask> was the first black South African to be ordained and worked to translate the Bible and John Bunyan's classic work Pilgrim's Progress into his native Xhosa language. Background
Soga was Xhosa. When his mother Nosuthu became a Christian she sought and received release from her marriage to Jotello, a head advisor of Chief Ngqika, on the grounds that she wanted her son to be raised a Christian and receive formal education. Nosuthu's request was granted and she took Soga to the Thyume Mission. As a child in Thyume, Soga attended the school of the Revd John A. Chalmers. In 1844 at the age of 15 Soga received a scholarship to Lovedale Missionary Institution located  from Thyume.<mask>'s education was interrupted by the "War of the Axe" in 1846 and he and his mother were forced to take refuge in nearby Fort Armstrong. The principal of Lovedale, the Revd William Govan, decided to return home to Scotland and offered to pay the way for <mask> to come with him and seek higher education. Nosuthu agreed to let her son go. Not knowing if she would ever see him again, she said: "my son belongs to God; wherever he goes God is with him…he is as much in God's care in Scotland as he is here with me". <mask> attended the Normal School in Glasgow, Scotland and was "adopted" by the John Street United Presbyterian Church. During his stay in Scotland Soga made a formal profession of Christian faith and was baptized in May 1848. During his time in Scotland Soga developed a sympathetic perspective for both the white and black races and his unique racial perspective remained with him for the rest of his life.After two years in Scotland, Soga returned to the Eastern Cape to work as an evangelist and teacher in Thyume. Soga was asked by the Rev. Robert Niven to help establish a new mission station in the Amatole Mountains and he faithfully planted the Uniondale Mission in Keiskammahoek. Because of its identification with the colonial authorities Uniondale mission was burnt to the ground by those at war with the colonial powers. Soga was almost killed in the incident and refused to side with the chief leading the war or to accept the position of translator offered him by the colonial government. Soga decided to pursue further theological education and accompanied Rev. Niven back to Scotland where he enrolled at the Theological Hall, Glasgow so that he might "learn better how to preach Christ as my known Saviour to my countrymen who know Him not".On 10 December 1856 <mask> <mask> became the first black South African to be ordained in the United Presbyterian Church. Two months after his ordination Soga married Janet Burnside, a Scotswoman who was "a most honourable, thrifty, frugal, and devoted woman who marched heroically and faithfully by her husband's side through all the chequered scenes of his short life". Throughout his life Soga faced racism as a "Kaffir" and was treated as a second-class citizen by many whites in Africa. Soga also faced opposition from black Africans, some of whom thought of him as trying to become a "black Englishman". In 1857 <mask> returned to the Eastern Cape with his wife where they eventually founded the Emgwali Mission where Soga worked among his native Ngqika people. During their years in Emgwali the Soga's had eight children, one of whom was stillborn. Two of their sons – William Anderson Soga and John Henderson Soga – followed their father and were ordained as ministers and missionaries, and two of their daughters – Isabella McFarlane <mask> and Francis Maria Anna Soga – were employed as teachers in mission.Kirkland <mask>, studied law at University of Glasgow and became the first black lawyer in South Africa, and a politician involved in the founding of the African National Congress. His fourth son was Jotello Festiri <mask>, the first black veterinary surgeon in South Africa. The youngest daughter born just a year before Soga died, Jessie Margaret <mask> became a classic contralto soloist and teacher studying in Milan and a licenciate of the Royal College of Music, London and a leading suffragist. <mask> returned to England for the births of all her children. <mask> Soga suffered from poor health and it was during one of these bouts of sickness that he used his time to translate Pilgrim's Progress (U-Hambo Iom-Hambi) into his native Xhosa language. Soga's translation and adaptation of Pilgrim's Progress has been called "the most important literary influence in 19th century South Africa after the Bible." He also worked to translate the Christian gospels and served on the advisory board to revise the Xhosa Bible.At the end of his short life <mask> was sent to open a new mission station in Tutuka (Somerville) in Kreli's country and the difficult work further deteriorated his health. It was the desire of <mask> that his children be educated in Scotland and before his death instructed his sons, "For your own sakes never appear ashamed that your father was a "Kaffir" and that you inherit some African blood. It is every whit as good and as pure as that which flows in the veins of my fairer brethren…you will ever cherish the memory of your mother as that of an upright, conscientious, thrifty, Christian Scots woman. You will ever be thankful for your connection by this tie with the white race". <mask> died of tuberculosis in August 1871. He died in the arms of fellow missionary Richard Ross with his mother, Nosuthu, by his side. He is considered by many to be the first major modern African intellectual and was among the first Christian leaders to assert the right of black Africans to have freedom and equality.Hymns and poetry

One of <mask>'s hymns exemplifies his Xhosa heritage by setting the words of Ntsikana's "Great Hymn" to music. Ntsikana, a Xhosa chief, is remembered as the first important African convert to Christianity. Around 1815, Ntsikana started the first African Christian organization and went on to write four poetic hymns. His "Great Hymn" extols God as creator and redeemer, and still appears with <mask>'s music in modern hymnbooks. Although Ntisikana died before <mask>'s birth, Soga was clearly influenced by his predecessor's poetry and example. Soga's tribute to Ntsikana includes the lines:
What "thing" Ntsikana, was't that prompted thee
To preach to thy dark countrymen beneath yon tree'? What sacred vision did the mind enthral,
Whil'st thou lay dormant in thy cattle kraal?<mask>'s "Bell Hymn", used to call worshippers together, is also based on a Ntisikana poem. African poet and playwright H. I. E. Dhlomo's play The Girl Who Killed to Save: Nongqause the Liberator incorporates the music of the Bell Hymn. The character of <mask> himself appears at the end of the play, heralded by other characters singing another of <mask>'s hymns, "Fulfill Your Promise." Lizalis' idinga lakho
This hymn was sung long after <mask>'s death, to open the first meeting of the South African Native National Congress in 1912. "Fulfill Your Promise" may also have inspired the African National Congress anthem, "God Bless Africa". <mask> wrote the hymn in July 1857, when he returned to Africa. The last verse of "Fulfill Your Promise" may be translated as:
O Lord, bless
The teachings of our land;
Please revive us
That we may restore goodness.References

1829 births
1871 deaths
19th-century journalists
19th-century male writers
19th-century Presbyterian ministers
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Male journalists
South African journalists
Xhosa people
Recipients of the Order of Ikhamanga

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Allan Soga
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Janet Soga
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