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<mask> (;  – 26 April 1976) was a Soviet general, Marshal of the Soviet Union and Minister of Defense. Biography
Born in a small town near Rostov-on-Don on 17 October 1903, the son of Ukrainian peasants, he joined the Red Army in 1919, where he was a part of the "Budyonny Cavalry". After the Russian Civil War, <mask> was enrolled into the 6th Cavalry College in the city of Taganrog, which he graduated in 1926. He joined the Communist Party in 1928, and graduated from the Frunze Military Academy in 1936. He next attended the Soviet General Staff Academy, graduating in 1941, just a few weeks before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. <mask>'s first command during World War II was of the 34th Cavalry Division, which put up a valiant fight around Kremenchug (near Kyiv) in Ukraine. On 15 January 1942, <mask> was put in command of the 5th Cavalry Corps.Starting 15 April 1942 and lasting until 16 October 1943, <mask> was placed in command of 12th Army, 47th Army, 18th Army, and 56th Army. All of these units were part of the North Caucasus Front, and <mask> led them all with distinction. In October 1943, <mask> was promoted to Deputy Commander-in-Chief of 1st Ukrainian Front. Then, on 14 December 1943, he was made the Commanding General of 1st Guards Army, a position he held until the end of the war. The First Guards Army was a part of the 4th Ukrainian Front, which was led by Col.-Gen. Ivan Yefimovich Petrov. <mask> led the 1st Guards in a number of offensive operations, predominantly in Hungary and into Austria. After the war, <mask> was the Commanding General of the Kyiv Military District, until 1953.Between 1953 and 1957, <mask> was the Commander-in-Chief of Soviet Forces in East Germany. On 11 March 1955, <mask>, along with five other high-ranking colleagues, all of whom had gained recognition during World War II, was promoted to the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union. From 1957-1960, <mask> was the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces, and from 1960–1967, he was the Commander-in-Chief of the Warsaw Pact Forces). On 12 April 1967, <mask> was made the Minister of Defense, taking over shortly after Marshal Rodion Malinovsky died. <mask> served in this capacity until his death in 1976. During the 1970s, <mask> served as the chairman of the editorial commission that produced the official Soviet history of the Second World War. <mask> was an active member in the Communist Party, and was a member of the Politburo.As Minister of Defense, <mask> helped modernize the Soviet Army, and was greatly responsible for maintaining the military strength of the Soviet state. As Defense minister, <mask>'s most notable idea was his assumption that a Third World War would always go nuclear at some point, and as such he planned that if World War III did begin, to launch all-out nuclear strikes against the NATO nations the moment that the war began. For <mask>, nuclear weapons would be weapons of first resort in a world war, not weapons of last resort. The urn containing his ashes is buried by the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

masks:
Andrei Antonovich Grechko
Grechko
Grechko
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<mask> (; born 11 February 1989) is a French actress. She is the recipient of several accolades, including two César Awards from seven nominations and one Lumières Award from two nominations. <mask> began her career as a child actress, making her film debut with Les Diables (2002) at the age of 12, and quickly rose to prominence in the French entertainment industry as a teenager. She received her first César Award nomination for her performance in Water Lilies (2007), which also marked the beginning of her long professional and personal relationship with director Céline Sciamma. In 2014, Haenel received her first César Award for her supporting role in Suzanne, and in 2015 won the César Award for Best Actress for Love at First Fight. She continued to garner recognition for her performances in BPM (Beats per Minute) (2017), The Trouble with You (2018) and Portrait of a Lady on Fire (2019). Early life
Haenel was born on 11 February 1989 in Paris.Her mother is a teacher and her father is a translator. She grew up in Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis in what she described as "a very left-wing, artistic neighborhood". She has Austrian heritage through her father and speaks fluent German. Haenel started acting at the age of 5 and was involved in local theatre. As a child, Haenel would mimic cartoon characters, particularly the characters of Tex Avery. Haenel studied economics and social sciences at the Lycée Montaigne. She had planned to attend HEC Paris and took a preparatory course, but ultimately failed the entrance exam.Haenel continued her studies in economics and sociology, eventually receiving a master's degree. She also pursued studies in physics and marine biology. Career
<mask> made her film debut in 2002 at the age of 12, playing an autistic girl in the Christophe Ruggia film Les Diables. She had been chosen for the lead role after accompanying her brother to the audition. After Les Diables, Haenel took a five-year break from acting. In 2007, she was persuaded by casting director Christel Baras (who had cast her in her film debut) to resume her film career, taking up the part of a synchronised swimmer in Céline Sciamma's debut feature Water Lilies. Manohla Dargis of The New York Times highlighted <mask>'s performance in an otherwise mixed review of the film, recognizing her as having "the makings of a real star".For her role in the film, <mask> was nominated for the César Award for Most Promising Actress in 2008. In 2012, she was nominated in the same category for House of Tolerance (2011), a period film directed by Bertrand Bonello, in which she played a prostitute at an upscale Parisian brothel at the turn of the twentieth century. She also received the Lumières Award for Most Promising Actress along with her co-stars Céline Sallette and Alice Barnole. Haenel played one of the two sisters in Katell Quillévéré's Suzanne (2013), for which she received the César Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2014, <mask> starred in the Thomas Cailley romantic comedy Love at First Fight as Madeleine, a graduate-school dropout and survivalist. She won the César Award for Best Actress for her performance. In the same year, Haenel co-starred with Catherine Deneuve in André Téchiné's crime drama In the Name of My Daughter, playing the daughter of a casino owner.Writing for The Village Voice, Melissa Anderson compared her performance to that of Isabelle Adjani's in the 1970s and '80s, and declared her a worthy successor to Deneuve in French cinema. For her roles in both films, Hanael received a Best Actress nomination at the 20th Lumières Awards. In 2016 <mask> made her German language debut in the film The Bloom of Yesterday playing the French descendant of German Holocaust survivors. In the 2017 Robin Campillo film BPM (Beats per Minute), Haenel portrayed Sophie, a headstrong HIV/AIDS activist of the Paris chapter of ACT UP. She received a nomination for the César Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance. <mask> starred in the 2018 Pierre Salvadori crime comedy The Trouble with You, playing a widowed detective based on the French Riviera. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter noted her performance as evoking the "classic screwball heroine", a departure from her usually more serious roles, and complimented her on the "grace and buoyancy" she brought to the character.She was again nominated for the César Award for Best Actress. In 2019, Haenel appeared in three films which played at the Cannes Film Festival: Quentin Dupieux's Deerskin, Aude Léa Rapin's Heroes Don't Die, and Céline Sciamma's Portrait of a Lady on Fire. In Portrait of a Lady on Fire, Haenel portrayed Héloïse, a young aristocrat in 18th-century Brittany who is to be married off to a nobleman from Milan. The New Yorker'''s Richard Brody took note of her chemistry with co-star Noémie Merlant and complimented the actresses for being "relentlessly graceful, endowed with physical aplomb, contemplative insight, and strong emotion". A. O. Scott of The New York Times considered Haenel's performance worthy of an Oscar nomination for Best Actress, and Bilge Ebiri of Vulture described the climax of the film (which features Haenel) as "one of the finest pieces of acting and one of the most moving images I’ve seen in eons." <mask> was nominated for the César Award for Best Actress for her performance, her seventh César nomination. Since 2019, Haenel and co-star Ruth Vega Fernandez have prepared to perform director Gisèle Vienne's adaptation of Robert Walser's L'Etang (The Pond) for theatres in France and Switzerland.After performances were repeatedly delayed or cancelled by restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the play made its world premiere at the Théâtre Vidy-Lausanne in Switzerland in May 2021. Personal life
In 2014, Haenel came out as a lesbian during her César award acceptance speech and acknowledged her relationship with director Céline Sciamma, whom she met on the set of Water Lilies. The couple amicably split in 2018, before they began work on Portrait of a Lady on Fire. <mask> and Sciamma have remained close after the end of their relationship. Haenel identifies as a feminist. She is a prominent face of France's #MeToo movement, and was the first prominent actress to speak publicly about abuse within the French film industry. In a November 2019 Mediapart interview, Haenel accused director Christophe Ruggia of sexually harassing her from the time she was 12 to 15 after casting her in his film Les Diables.Following the experience, she considered abandoning acting altogether. <mask>'s account was backed up by many people who had worked on the film and noted Ruggia's inappropriate behaviour towards her, along with letters he had written her at the time proclaiming his love for her. As a result Ruggia was expelled from the Société des réalisateurs de films, the guild for French directors. Though Haenel had explicitly chosen not to go to the police with her accusations, citing the justice system as "usually condemning so few sexual offenders" and "only one rape out of a hundred" and stating that "the justice ignores us, we ignore the justice", the publicity garnered by her interviews about the abuse led the Paris prosecutor's office to announce they were investigating Ruggia. Haenel later changed her mind about working with the police and officially filed a complaint against Ruggia in late November 2019. In January 2020, the police officially charged Ruggia with sexual aggression against a minor by a person of authority and sexual harassment. On 28 February 2020, <mask>, along with Noémie Merlant, Céline Sciamma and Aïssa Maïga, walked out of the 45th César Awards ceremony after Roman Polanski, who was convicted of raping 13-year old Samantha Geimer, won the award for Best Director for his film An Officer and a Spy''.As Haenel left, she waved her fist and shouted "La honte!" (“Shame!”), and after exiting the auditorium, she was filmed clapping sarcastically and shouting "Bravo la pédophilie!" ("Bravo, paedophilia!"). Filmography

Theatre

Bibliography

Essays

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
French film actresses
French television actresses
21st-century French actresses
French people of Austrian descent
Actresses from Paris
French stage actresses
French people of German descent
Most Promising Actress Lumières Award winners
Best Supporting Actress César Award winners
Best Actress César Award winners
LGBT actors from France
Lesbian actresses
French feminists
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Adèle Haenel
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<mask>  (; born 6 September 1972) is an English actor, producer and musician. He is known for roles including Stringer Bell in the HBO series The Wire, DCI John Luther in the BBC One series Luther, and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013). He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film, winning one, and has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award. <mask> appeared in Ridley Scott's American Gangster (2007) and Prometheus (2012). <mask> portrayed Heimdall in Thor (2011) and its sequels Thor: The Dark World (2013) and Thor: Ragnarok (2017), as well as Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015) and Avengers: Infinity War (2018). He also starred in Pacific Rim (2013), Beasts of No Nation (2015), for which he received Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations for Best Supporting Actor, and Molly's Game (2017). In 2016, he voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia, Shere Khan in the live action/CGI adaptation of The Jungle Book, Fluke in Finding Dory, and played the role of Krall in Star Trek Beyond.He made his directorial debut in 2018 with an adaptation of the 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley. In 2021, he portrayed Bloodsport in The Suicide Squad, set in the DC Extended Universe. Aside from acting, <mask> performs as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis (or Big Driis the Londoner) and as an R&B musician. In 2016, he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World. As of May 2019, his films have grossed over  at the global box office, including over  in North America, where he is one of the top 20 highest-grossing actors. Early life
<mask> Akuna <mask> was born on 6 September 1972 in the London Borough of Hackney, to <mask>, a Sierra Leonean Creole man who worked at the Ford Dagenham plant, and Eve, a Ghanaian woman. Elba's parents were married in Sierra Leone and later moved to London.<mask> was raised in Hackney and East Ham, and shortened his first name to "<mask>" at school in Canning Town, where he first became involved in acting. He credits The Stage with giving him his first big break, having seen an advertisement for a play in it; he auditioned and met his first agent while performing in the role. In 1986, he began helping an uncle with his wedding DJ business; within a year, he had started his own DJ company with some of his friends. <mask> left school in 1988 and won a place in the National Youth Music Theatre after a £1,500 Prince's Trust grant. To support himself between roles in his early career, he worked in odd jobs including tyre-fitting, cold-calling, and night shifts at Ford Dagenham. He was working in nightclubs under the DJ nickname "Big Driis" during his adolescence, but began auditioning for television roles in his early twenties. Career

Television
<mask>'s first acting role was in Crimewatch murder reconstructions and in 1994 he appeared in a BBC children's drama called The Boot Street Band.In 1995, he landed his first significant role on a series called Bramwell, a medical drama set in 1890s England. He played a central character in an episode of Season 1, an African petty thief named Charlie Carter, who lost his wife to childbirth and had to figure out how to support his newborn daughter. His first named role arrived earlier in 1995, when he was cast as a gigolo on the "Sex" episode of Absolutely Fabulous. Many supporting roles on British television followed, including series such as The Bill and The Ruth Rendell Mysteries. He joined the cast of the soap opera Family Affairs and went on to appear on the television serial Ultraviolet and later on Dangerfield. He decided to move to New York City soon after. He returned to England occasionally for a television role, such as a part in one of the Inspector Lynley Mysteries.In 2001, <mask> played Achilles in a stage production of Troilus and Cressida in New York City. In 1997 he starred in the first two episodes of series 2 “Blood, Sweat and Tears” in Silent Witness. After a supporting turn on a 2001 episode of Law & Order, <mask> landed a starring role on the 2002 HBO drama series The Wire. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> portrayed Russell "Stringer" Bell in the series, perhaps his best-known role in the United States. In 2005, he portrayed Captain Augustin Muganza in Sometimes in April, an HBO film about the Rwandan genocide. <mask> appeared on the 2007 BET special Black Men: The Truth. He appeared as Charlie Gotso on The No.1 Ladies' Detective Agency, filmed in Botswana. The series premiered on 23 March 2008, Easter Sunday, on BBC One, receiving a high 6.3 million viewers and 27% of the audience share. In January 2009, it was reported by Variety that <mask> would portray Charles Miner, a new rival to Dunder Mifflin regional manager Michael Scott (Steve Carell) for NBC's The Office. <mask> appeared in a six-episode story arc later in the 2009 season as well as the season finale. In September 2009, he signed a deal to star as the lead role on the six-part BBC television series Luther, which aired in May 2010. He appeared on Showtime's The Big C in 2010. At the 69th Golden Globe Awards telecast on 15 January 2012, <mask> won the Award for Best Actor in a Series, Mini-Series, or Motion Picture Made for Television for his role on the BBC crime thriller series Luther.In April 2018, it was announced that <mask> was cast as Charlie in the Netflix comedy series, Turn Up Charlie. It premiered on 15 March 2019 and was cancelled after one season. He also created and starred in the semi-autobiographical comedy In the Long Run. Films

In 2007, <mask> signed on as the lead role of the film Daddy's Little Girls, playing Monty, a blue-collar mechanic who falls in love with an attorney helping him gain custody of his kids, and finds the relationship and his custody hopes threatened by the return of his former wife. He appeared in 28 Weeks Later (2007) and This Christmas (2007), which brought in nearly $50 million at the box office in 2007. In 2008, he starred in the horror film Prom Night and the Guy Ritchie London gangster film RocknRolla. In 2009, he starred in the horror film The Unborn and in Obsessed, a thriller that had him cast opposite Beyoncé.The latter was a box office success, taking $29 million in its opening weekend. <mask>'s next film was Legacy (2010), in which he portrayed a black ops soldier who returns to Brooklyn after a failed mission in Eastern Europe, where he has undertaken a journey looking for retribution. He starred in Dark Castle's adaptation of DC/Vertigo's The Losers, under the direction of Sylvain White, in the role of Roque, the second-in-command of a black-ops team out for revenge against a government that did them wrong. Filming took place in Puerto Rico and the movie was released in April 2010. <mask> appeared in the thriller Takers (2010). He played Heimdall in Kenneth Branagh's film Thor (2011) (based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name). In August 2010, <mask> signed up to portray the title character in a reboot of James Patterson's Alex Cross film franchise.However, in February 2011, he was replaced by Tyler Perry. In Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance (2011), the sequel to Ghost Rider (2007), <mask> played an alcoholic warrior monk tasked with finding the title character. In February 2012, <mask> confirmed that he would portray Nelson Mandela in the film Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, which is based on his autobiography. As part of his preparation for the role, <mask> spent a night locked in a cell alone on Robben Island, where Mandela had been imprisoned. His performance earned him a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama. In June 2012, <mask> portrayed Captain Janek in Ridley Scott's Prometheus. He joined the cast of the film Pacific Rim (2013) in the role of Stacker Pentecost.He reprised his role as Heimdall in Thor: The Dark World in 2013. In January 2014, he confirmed that he would be starring in a film adaptation of Luther. In 2014, he starred in No Good Deed as a vengeful psychopathic serial killer. In 2015, <mask> appeared as Heimdall in the superhero blockbuster Avengers: Age of Ultron, directed by Joss Whedon. <mask> also starred alongside Abraham Attah in the film Beasts of No Nation which premiered in select theatres and on Netflix. He earned a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in any Motion Picture as well as a BAFTA Award nomination for Supporting Actor in the Film category. In 2016, he had several voice roles: the cape buffalo chief of police, Chief Bogo, in Disney's Zootopia, alongside Ginnifer Goodwin and Jason Bateman; villainous tiger Shere Khan in The Jungle Book (2016), a live-action adaptation of the animated 1967 film of the same name, directed by Jon Favreau; and sea lion Fluke in Pixar's Finding Dory, alongside Ellen DeGeneres and Albert Brooks, both reprising their roles from Finding Nemo (2003).Also that year, he played the main antagonist, Krall, in the sequel Star Trek Beyond. In 2017, he played Roland Deschain in the Stephen King film adaptation The Dark Tower, and starred in Aaron Sorkin's directorial debut Molly's Game, alongside Jessica Chastain. In 2019, <mask> starred as the villain in Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw, a spin-off of Fast & Furious franchise, and played Macavity in Tom Hooper's film adaptation of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical, Cats. In 2021, <mask> portrayed mercenary Robert "Milton" DuBois / Bloodsport in James Gunn's The Suicide Squad. <mask> was most recently cast as the voice of Knuckles in the upcoming film Sonic the Hedgehog 2, a sequel to the film Sonic the Hedgehog, itself based on the franchise of the same name. Music

<mask> has appeared in music videos for Fat Joe (2002), Angie Stone (2004) and rapper Giggs (2010). In 2006, he recorded the four-song EP Big Man for Hevlar Records.He co-produced and performed on the intro to Jay-Z's album American Gangster (2007). He DJed at the 2007 NBA All Star parties at The Venetian and Ice House Lounge in Las Vegas. In July 2009, <mask> was the DJ for BET's current series Rising Icons. <mask> announced the release of his first single "Please Be True." In the August 2009 issue of Essence magazine, he

masks:
Idrissa Akuna Elba
Elba
Elba
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Idrissa
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Winston Elba
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Idris
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 announced the name of his six-song EP as Kings Among Kings. He released his EP High Class Problems Vol. 1 in the United Kingdom in February 2010, for which he has won many prizes including a Billboard Music Awards nomination.In 2011, he performed on the intro to Pharoahe Monch's album W.A.R.. The following year, he co-directed and performed in the Mumford & Sons music video for "Lover of the Light". In 2014, he produced K. Michelle's "The Rebellious Soul Musical" which debuted on VH1 on 19 August 2014. In May, <mask> featured on Mr Hudson's single "Step Into the Shadows". Mr Hudson also produced his album <mask> <mask> Presents mi Mandela, which was released in November 2014. He also featured on the remix of Ghanaian music group, VVIP's single "Selfie" together with Nigerian rapper Phyno released on 12 September 2014 and video released on YouTube on 11 April 2015. <mask> performed a rap for the second album by Noel Fielding and Sergio Pizzorno's band, the Loose Tapestries.<mask> also rapped in a remix of Skepta's "Shutdown" which was uploaded on 1 June 2015 to SoundCloud. On 17 August, a song was released on which <mask> appeared on Nigerian singer D'banj's single "Confidential", featuring Sierra Leonean rapper Shadow Boxer with the video uploaded to YouTube on 20 August. In November 2015, <mask> opened for Madonna during her Rebel Heart Tour in Berlin, Germany. <mask> is also featured on the Macklemore & Ryan Lewis album This Unruly Mess I've Made (2016). In July 2018, he launched his record label, 7Wallace Music. <mask> performed at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival in April 2019. In 2019, he featured on the track "Boasty" by British grime artist Wiley.<mask> also appears in the "Boasty" music video, delivering his verse in a mansion that includes a film set. In 2019, <mask> appears on Taylor Swift's song "London Boy" from her seventh studio album Lover. The intro of the song samples a snippet from an interview by Elba. In April 2020, <mask> collaborated with producer Jay Robinson on the track "Know Yourself", released on Mau5trap. In 2020, after hearing Canadian rhythm and blues singer Emanuel's debut single "Need You", <mask> reached out with an idea for a music video compiled from clips of people sharing the things that were helping them cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> was credited as creative director of the video, and is being credited as an executive producer of Emanuel's forthcoming full-length debut album. On 13 February 2021, <mask> performed a guest DJ mix for Mix Up on Australian national youth broadcaster Triple J.On 22 September 2021, <mask> announced he would be releasing a collaborative EP with Australian pop rock duo Lime Cordiale titled Cordi <mask>, which was released on 14 January 2022. <mask> also collaborated with Paul McCartney on a remix of McCartney's song "Long Tailed Winter Bird." Other works

In October 2014, <mask> presented the series Journey Dot Africa with <mask> <mask> on BBC Radio 2, exploring all types of African music. <mask> has also featured in various television commercials for Sky box-sets in 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2019. <mask> has collaborated with the UK Parliament in their efforts to eradicate Ebola from West Africa, working alongside the UK Secretary of State for International Development Justine Greening in 2014. <mask> has created a collaboration with British fashion label Superdry, which launched at the end of November 2015. In January 2016, <mask> addressed the UK Parliament in regards to the concern of the lack of diversity on screen.Stating, 'Change is coming but it's taking its sweet time', he spoke about the lack of diversity regarding race, gender and sexuality. <mask> hosted The Best FIFA Football Awards 2017 at the London Palladium on 23 October 2017. During the show he took a selfie of "the best team in the world" which included Lionel Messi, Cristiano Ronaldo and Neymar. He had the idea to develop the music from his album <mask> <mask> Presents mi Mandela into a show, which ultimately resulted in a play called Tree that premiered at the Manchester International Festival in 2019. However, authorship of the piece was disputed. On 2 July 2019, The Guardian published a story describing how writers Tori Allen-Martin and Sarah Henley claimed to have been removed from the production under what they described as questionable circumstances. The two writers had worked on the project for four years following an approach from <mask> asking them to develop his idea for a musical based on the album, on which Allen-Martin had also collaborated.Kwame Kwei-Armah joined the project in May 2018 and rewrote part of their material. At the time of its premiere Tree was billed as "created by <mask> <mask> and Kwame Kwei-Armah". Allen-Martin and Henley described their creative input as having included research and script-writing, as well as coming up with the play's title, and that after being removed they were threatened with legal action if they went public with the story. <mask> and Kwei-Armah both published rebuttals of the writers' account of what happened on Twitter. He currently signed a deal with Apple to produce original content through his Green Door Pictures production company. In January 2021, it was reported that the companies of <mask> and his wife, Sabrina Dhowre, would be developing an Afrofuturist adult animated, and sci-fi, series, tentatively titled Dantai, for Crunchyroll, which would be about a time when biotech has "created an ever-widening gap between the haves and have-nots." Kickboxing
Discovery Channel produced a documentary, <mask> <mask>: Fighter, chronicling <mask>'s 12-month kickboxing and mixed martial arts training under Muay Thai coach Kieran Keddle, culminating in <mask>'s first professional kickboxing fight—and win—against Lionel Graves, a younger, more experienced Dutch opponent, at London's York Hall.Personal life
<mask> has been married three times: first to Hanne "Kim" Nørgaard (from 1999 to 2003) and then to Sonya Nicole Hamlin (for four months in 2006). He has two children: a daughter with Nørgaard and a son with former girlfriend Naiyana Garth. <mask> began a relationship with Somali-Canadian model Sabrina Dhowre in early 2017. The couple became engaged on 10 February 2018, during a screening of his film Yardie at an East London cinema. They were married on 26 April 2019 in Marrakesh. <mask>is Elba: No Limits, <mask> broke the land speed record for the Pendine Sands "Flying Mile" course. The Prince's Trust, a UK youth charity founded by Prince Charles in 1976, which <mask> credits with helping begin his career, appointed him as their anti-crime ambassador in April 2009. He voiced support for a vote to remain in the European Union for the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. On 16 March 2020, <mask> said he had tested positive for COVID-19 amidst the pandemic. His wife also tested positive for the virus. During his quarantine period, he noted that he has suffered from asthma all his life, thus placing him in the high risk category of the disease. Awards and honours

In 2013, <mask> was named Essences annual Sexiest Man of the Year and, in 2018, he was named People magazine's Sexiest Man Alive.In October 2014, <mask> was presented with a MOBO Inspiration Award. <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to drama. In 2017, <mask> won the male title for the "Rear of the Year" award in Britain. In September 2018, he was one of 50 people named for "making London awesome" and helping to shape London's cultural landscape who were featured in Time Out to mark the magazine's 50th anniversary. In the 2020 and 2021 editions of the Powerlist, <mask> was listed in the Top 100 of the most influential people in the UK of African/African-Caribbean descent. Filmography

 One Love
 Thor
 Ghost Rider: Spirit of Vengeance
 Prometheus
 Pacific Rim
 Thor: The Dark World
 Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom
 Avengers: Age of Ultron
 Zootopia
 The Jungle Book
 The Dark Tower
 The Mountain Between Us
 Thor: Ragnarok
 Avengers: Infinity War
 Fast & Furious: Hobbs & Shaw
 The Suicide Squad
 Sonic the Hedgehog 2

Discography
Albums
 2015: Murdah Loves John (The John Luther Character Album)

Extended plays
 2006: Big Man
 2009: Kings Among Kings
 2010: High Class Problems Vol. 1
 2014: Idris <mask> Presents Mi Mandela
 2022: Cordi <mask> (with Lime Cordiale)

Remixes
"Trust in Me"
"The Bare Necessities"

Mixtapes
 2011: Merry DriisMas Holiday Mixtape

Other appearances

 2019: "London Boy" by Taylor Swift — The intro of the song samples a snippet from an interview by <mask>.2019: "Party & BullShit" by Sarkodie – He was featured in the song
 2020: "Fear or Faith Pt. 2" by Future Utopia from the album 12 Questions. 2021: "Long Tailed Winter Bird (Idris Elba Remix)" by Paul McCartney from the album McCartney III Imagined. Featured singles

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
21st-century British male musicians
21st-century English musicians
Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners
Black British male rappers
Black British male actors
English house musicians
British people of Sierra Leone Creole descent
Club DJs
DJs from London
Electronic dance music DJs
English DJs
English expatriates in the United States
English film producers
English male film actors
English male kickboxers
English male rappers
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
English music video directors
English record producers
English television producers
English people of Ghanaian descent
English people of Sierra Leonean descent
Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male winners
Male actors from London
National Youth Theatre members
NME Awards winners
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners
People from Hackney Central
People from Canning Town
People from East Ham
People of Sierra Leone Creole descent
Time

masks: Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Idris Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elbadr Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba Elba


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<mask> CM (3 June 1915 – 5 January 2006), was a printmaker, illustrator and painter from Port Arthur, Ontario who is best known for her portraits of Native and Inuit peoples. Her work is valuable both for its artistry and for its historical significance since she captured many images of a passing way of life. In 2002 she was awarded the Order of Canada in the Visual Arts. Early life
<mask> was one of four girls born to Colonel and Mrs. Harry Ruttan in Port Arthur Ontario. <mask> showed an interest in drawing at a very young age and was encouraged by her mother to take art lessons. Her art education continued through high school where <mask> began studying anatomy. An important and early influence in her life was her uncle, the documentary filmmaker Robert Flaherty, who is best known for his film Nanook of the North.Flaherty offered <mask> an example of a person who was well traveled and had lived with, and documented the lifestyle of, the Inuit people. Flaherty also provided <mask> with the means to attend the Ontario College of Art in Toronto in 1933. In 1938, in the last term of her fourth year, <mask> left before graduating to marry <mask>, a Port Arthur lawyer, and later a judge, with whom she eventually had four children. Work
 <mask> returned to Port Arthur to begin a family and also to continue with her art work. Painting in the 1940s and 1950s at Lake Superior, Rossport, and Whitefish lake, <mask> strove to be taken seriously as an artist. She signed her work "S.A. Ross" or "SARoss" because "women did not have any clout". <mask> was active in the Port Arthur Art Club which held exhibitions and juried shows at the local library, there being no public art gallery there at the time.From 1951 to 1952, <mask> taught art at Hillcrest High School. <mask> experimented with new techniques, textural effects, such as scraping-out or using tissue and glue, and mixing layers of watercolor paint between printed layers in etchings. As such her work contributed to the shift to modernism that was taking place in Canada. Although <mask> never abandoned figurative representations, her rationalized and planar compositions hint at the influence of cubism. <mask> continued her love of portraiture, painting friends and neighbors' children but eventually began to focus her efforts and inspiration on First Nations people after meeting an Ojibwa woman named Emily and seeing First Nations wild-rice harvesters at Whitefish Lake. Soon after the Second World War, <mask> had met Sheila Burnford the author of The Incredible Journey, an animal saga that Walt Disney adapted for the cinema. <mask> and Burnford would subsequently travel extensively together.Norval Morrisseau invited <mask> to Gull Bay and Armstrong to paint while he collected legends and songs and then subsequently to Big Trout Lake and finally to Sandy Lake. It was in Sandy Lake that <mask> met Carl Ray and painted his portrait among many others. <mask> and Morrisseau remained friends for many years although their friendship eventually became strained by Morrisseau's legendary drinking binges - a Morrisseau sketch entitled "<mask>" depicting their friendship is held in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada. <mask> returned to Big Trout Lake in 1963-65 and 1975, to Sandy lake in 1965-67 and to Little Grand Rapids Manitoba in 1967-70. <mask> then turned her sights to venues even farther north, traveling with Sheila Burnford to Pond Inlet, Baffin Island in 1970-71, to Coppermine, NWT in 1972, 1974, 1976–78, 1983, to Hollman Island NWT in 1972, 1976 and to Cape Dorset, Baffin Island in 1973, to Pangnirtung, Baffin Island in 1980, and to Rae-Edzo, NWT and Kasechewan, Ontario in 1982-83. On these trips <mask> made many friends. <mask> also encountered many challenges as would be expected in such northern and unforgiving vistas.For example, once returning to Cape Dorset from a remote island with a small group, the motor on the small boat they were traveling in failed - she and her group drifted four hours, a sail was deployed to no avail and finally gunshots were fired to elicit help from a nearby settlement - the group was finally towed to safety. <mask> took an etching workshop with Jo Manning in 1967 and acquired a printing press in 1969. She then began producing high quality etchings and, drawing on the rich array of sketches obtained on her various trips, she was able to reflect and structure many of these images more rigorously in the studio. Being the "right person at the right place in a very dramatic time in Canadian history", she was able to capture and document a period of rapid change in many northern communities. In many of these images "the human toll is recorded in the faces of individuals and in the cumulative details of daily existence". <mask> illustrated Sheila Burnford's books "Without Reserve" and "One Woman's Arctic" which document Burnford and <mask>' travels, as well as Penny Petrone's book "Fairy Tales of Isabella Valancy Crawford" and Jocelyn Square's "SHA-KO-KA". Her works were also featured on several covers of the Canadian magazine "The Beaver".<mask> was instrumental in the mounting of the first art shows for both Carl Ray and Daphne Odjig and had "served as a mentor, a source of encouragement, and a source of financial assistance to numerous artists".

masks:
Susan Andrina Ross
Susan Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Jim Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
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Susan
Ross
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<mask>, also known as Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angré (August 1669 – 4 July 1729) was an Indian admiral of the Maratha Navy. Kanhoji became noted for attacking and capturing European merchant ships and collecting jakat known to locals as taxes seen by Europeans as ransoming their crews. British, Dutch and Portuguese ships were often victims of these raids. Despite attempts by the Portuguese and British to put an end to his privateering activities, Angre continued to capture and collect jakat from European merchant ships until his death in 1729. <mask>'s naval prowess in capturing dozens of European trading ships and avoiding capture has led to many historians to appraise Kanhoji as the most skilled Indian admiral in the maritime history of India. Early life
<mask> was born on the fort Suvarnadurg, near Ratnagari in the year 1667. His surname "<mask>" is derived from Angarwadi; the family's original name was Sankpal, and the family members before Kanhoji were known as Sankpals.Historian Sen believes that <mask>'s origin is "obscure and he certainly did not belong to the nobility of the land". Citation of the Arquivo Histórico Ultramarino (historical archives of the Portuguese empire) is given to show that <mask> started his life as a humble servant of some Hindus in the island of Versova. According to the family history, he was a "Kshatriya" Maratha. According to Reginald Edward Enthoven, Kanhoji had east African ancestry. Historian V. G. Dighe, in 1951, cites G. S. Sardesai's Selections from the Peshwa Daftar, and calls them "blue-blood Marathas" who "would spurn to marry in families lower than those of Deshmukhs, Jadhavs, Jagtaps and Shitoles." However, S.R.Sharma seems to agree with the Portuguese opinions and believe him to have been a "Maratha Koli captain". Historian Dr.Arunchandra Pathak, in 2007, has published details from earlier records of Kolaba districts which he considers "authentic and useful information on several aspects of the district and is considered to be of great value to administrators, scholars and general readers" and K.K.Choudhari in the late 20th century also consider it authentic.According to these records, Mr. Grose, a Bombay Civil Service Officer, who was a well-informed writer and was well acquainted with the country, and took special interest in matters connected with the Hindu religion and with Hindu castes has given information on Kanhoji's heritage. According to the editors, "The unlikeliness of the story is a strong argument in favour of its truth". Grose writes that Tukaji was an African Muslim who was born in the Gulf of Ormuz and in 1643 was shipwrecked near Cheul. He helped Shahji in the war with the Moghals and married the daughter of Shahji's minister, and their son Parab was the father of Kanhoji. This is an example of foreign warriors being admitted into the Hindu fold and marrying Hindu wives and other such examples are given in the chapter on Thana History. In 2009, modern Dutch historian Rene Barendse, specializing in South Asian history as well as history related to the Indian Ocean, summarized that <mask> Angre's origin is highly controversial. He writes:

Kanhoji grew up among Koli sailors, and learned seamanship from them.<mask>'s mother was Ambabai and his father, Tukoji, served at Suvarnadurg under Shivaji with a command of 200 posts. Little is known about his early life except that he was involved in daring exploits at sea with his father. He spent much of his childhood in the Suvarnadurg Fort, where he would later become the governor. Naval career
He was originally appointed as Sarkhel or Darya-Saranga (Admiral) by the chief of Satara in c. 1698. Under that authority, he was master of the Western coast of India from Mumbai to Vingoria (now Vengurla) in present-day state of Maharashtra, except for the property of the Muslim Siddis of Murud-Janjira who were affiliated with the powerful Mughal Empire. <mask> started his career by attacking merchant ships of the East India Company and slowly gained respect from all the European powers. In 1702, he abducted a merchant vessel from Calicut with six English sailors and took it to his harbor.In 1707, he attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight. In time, the European thought that he could capture any merchant ship except large, heavily armed ships. When Maratha Chhatrapati Shahu ascended the leadership of the Maratha Empire, he appointed Balaji Viswanath Bhat as his Senakarta (Commander) and negotiated an agreement with Angre around 1707. This was partly to appease Angre who supported the other ruler, Tarabai, who claimed the Maratha throne. As per agreement, Angre became head of the Maratha Navy. When the Maratha empire was weak, Angre became more and more independent and in 1713, an army was sent headed by Peshwa Bahiroji Pingale to control Angre, but Angre won the battle and captured and held Bahiroji Pingale as his prisoner. Angre planned to march to Satara where Chhatrapati Shahu was acting as a head of state and where Angre was requested to appear for negotiations, after which Angre was confirmed as Admiral (Sarkhel) of entire fleet.Angre was also placed as chief of 26 forts and fortified places of Maharashtra. In 1720, Angre captured the vessel Charlotte along its owner, a merchant named Curgenven who had been bound to China from Surat. Curgenven would be imprisoned for 10 years. Europeans on rolls
Angre employed Europeans, generally Dutch, to command his best vessels. He also employed a Jamaican pirate named James Plantain and entrusted him with significant responsibilities such as the chief gunner post. Angre employed Manuel de Castro, a Portuguese soldier who was about to punished by the East India Company for his failure in capturing Khanderi Island, which was controlled by <mask> Angre. Bases
 In 1698, Angre located his first base at Vijayadurg ('Victory Fort') (formerly Gheriah), Devgad Taluka, located about 485 km from Mumbai.The fort which was originally built by king Bhoj and strengthened by Maratha ruler Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, is located on the coast and has an entrance hollowed out in it to accommodate entry of a vessel from the sea. Angre created an operating base from the fortified islands of "Kolaba" at Alibaug. Khanderi and Underi off the coast of Thal, Alibaug, and attempted to levy a tax on every merchant vessel entering the harbour. He established a township called Alibag on seashore at southern tip of Mumbai. The main village at that time, was today's Ramnath. <mask> even issued his own currency in the form of a silver coin called the Alibagi rupaiya. In 1724, Angre built a port at Purnagad, located in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra.Seven guns and 70 cannonballs were found in the port. The port was also used for limited trading activities. Campaigns

<mask> intensified the attacks on European ships on the western coast of India. On 4 November 1712, his navy even succeeded in capturing the yacht HCS Algerine of the President of Bombay, William Aislabie, killing the chief of their Karwar factory, Thomas Chown, and making his wife a prisoner, not releasing the captured yacht and Mrs. Chown until 13 February 1713 for a Jakat/tax of 30,000 Rupees. The release was done along with the return of previously captured territory, hoping that the East India Company will help him in his other wars, but later Angre made an alliance with Balaji Viswanath and continued fighting the company. He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay. In 1712, he disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it.Angre eventually signed a treaty with the East India Company President Aislabie to stop harassing the company's fleet. Aislabie would eventually return to England during October 1715. After the arrival of Charles Boone as the new Governor of Bombay on 26 December 1715, Boone made several attempts to capture Angre. Instead of succeeding, in 1718 Angre captured three East India Company merchant ships, which refused due Jakat/tax and hence ransoming their crews. On 29 November 1721 a joint attempt by the Portuguese (Viceroy Francisco José de Sampaio e Castro) and the British (General Robert Cowan) to capture Kanhoji proved unsuccessful. This fleet consisted of 6,000 soldiers in four Man of war class ships led by Commander Thomas Mathews. Aided by Maratha warriors including Mendhaji Bhatkar and his navy, Angre continued to harass and plunder the European ships.Commander Matthews returned to Great Britain, but was accused and convicted of trading with the Marathas in December 1723. Also, during 1723, Governor Boone returned to Great Britain. After Boone's departure, relative calm prevailed between the British and Angre, until Angre's death in 1729. Battles

 1702 - Seizes small vessel in Cochin with six Englishmen. 1706 - Attacks and captures the Siddi of Janjira. 1707 - Attacked the East Indiaman Bombay which blew up during the fight. 1710 - Captures the Kennery (now Khanderi) Islands near Mumbai after fighting the East India Company vessel Godolphin for two days.1712 - Captured the yacht, HCS Algerine, of the President of Bombay, Mr. Aislabie, releasing it only after obtaining a jakat/tax of Rs. 30,000. (1713)
 He seized East Indiamen Somers and Grantham, near Goa as these vessels were on their voyage from England to Bombay. He disabled a thirty-gun man-of-war which was conveying Portuguese "armado" and captured it. 1713 - Ten forts ceded to Angre by East India Company. 1717 - Angre captures the HSC Success, bombards the Kennery Islands and Angre signs treaty with Company paying Rs. 60,000.1718 - Blockaded Mumbai port and extracted due taxes, damages as appropriate for those days. 1720 - British attack Vijaydurg (Gheriah), but are unsuccessful. 1721 - British fleet reaches Mumbai. British and Portuguese jointly attack Alibag, but are unsuccessful. 1722 - Angre attacks 4 yachts and 20 ships of an East India Company convoy near Chaul
 1723 - Angre attacks two East India Company vessels, Eagle and Hunter. 1724 - Maratha and Portugees pact. Dutch attack Vijaydurg but are repulsed.1725 - <mask> <mask> and Siddi sign a pact. 1729 - <mask> <mask> wins Palgad Fort. Death

By the time of his death on 4 July 1729, <mask> <mask> had emerged as a master of the Arabian Sea from Surat to south Konkan. He left behind two legitimate sons, Sekhoji and Sambhaji; four illegitimate sons, Tulaji, Manaji, Yesaji and Dhondji. <mask>'s Samadhi (tomb) is situated at Shivaji Chowk, Alibag, Maharashtra. After <mask>, his son Sekhoji continued Maratha exploits at sea till his death in 1733. After Sekhoji's death, <mask>'s holdings were split between two brothers, Sambhaji and Manaji, because of divisions in the family.With the Marathas neglecting naval concerns, the British soon found it easier to defeat the remnants of the kingdom. <mask> and his sons' reign over the Western coast ended with the capture of Tulaji in a joint attack on the fort of Gheriah (now Vijaydurg) in February 1756 by the forces of the British East India Company and Maratha Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. The Peshwa's half brother Shamsher Bahadur commanded the Maratha forces. Seals of Kanhoji Angre
Three seals have been known to be used by Sarkhel <mask> Angre. One during the reign of Chhatrapati Rajaram, and two during the reign of Chhatrapati Shahu. The three seals, along with their inscriptions and meaning are given below. Legacy

<mask> <mask> stands as one of the most notable admirals of the Maratha Navy who caused significant troubles to the European trading companies.<mask> is credited with the foresight that a Blue Water Navy's ultimate and strategic role is to keep the enemy engaged far from the shores of the homeland. At one time, <mask> was so successful that he attracted enterprising Europeans in his fleet as mercenaries, including one Dutchman, whom he appointed to the rank of Commodore. At the height of his power, <mask> commanded hundreds of warships and thousands of sailors at a time when the Royal Navy had little in the way of naval resources in far-away India that could significantly offset the growing strength of the Maratha Navy. <mask>'s harassment of British commercial interests and the English victory over the Portuguese at Swally led them to establish a small naval force that eventually became the modern Indian Navy. Today, a statue of Angre stands in Indian Naval Dockyard in Mumbai. While the original fort built by Angre that overlooked the Naval Docks has vanished, its boundary wall is still intact and within it lays the Headquarters of Indian Western Naval Command and is called INS Angre (Indian Naval Station Angre). The end of Angre family influences
The descendants of Angres continued to live in Kolaba till the 1840s and in 1843, the city was annexed to East India Company as per a despatch to Governor General of Bombay dated 30 December 1843.Publication of family history

Chandrojirao <mask>, a descendant of <mask> <mask> and a contemporary Jijabai of same family supported the publication of History of the Angres in 1939 at Alibag Mumbai. Tributes
 Angria Bank, a submerged atoll structure located on the continental shelf 105 km west of the coast of Vijaydurg, Maharashtra, was named after <mask> <mask>. The Western Naval command of the Indian Navy was named INS Angre on 15 September 1951 in honour of <mask> <mask>. Other important naval offices are also located at INS Angre. His statue is erected at the old Bombay Castle located within the enclave located at the Naval Dockyard, South Mumbai. During April 1999, the Indian Postal Service released a Rupee 3 stamp showing a ghurab of Kanhoji <mask>'s fleet as depicted in a c. 1700 AD painting. The old Kennery Lighthouse, on Khanderi Island which marks the southern boundary of the Mumbai Port, was renamed as Kanhoji Angre Light House.The large residential colony of Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers at Alibaug is named as " Sarkhel Kanhoji Angre Nagar". During the Malwani Jatrotsav festival in 1995 at Parel, Mumbai, a simulation of the naval battle between Angre and the East India Company fleet led by Charles Boon was conducted using remote-control wooden boats in an open tank (70' x 30'). Radio Controlled boats carved out of Teak wood and powered by high torque motors were constructed by Vivek S. Kambli and Vishesh S. Kambli. A thrilling soundtrack complemented this Audio Visual 3 Dimensional depiction of an important chapter from Maratha Naval history. The show lasted 10 days and was witnessed by thousands of Mumbai denizens. An all-weather port at Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, named as Angre port, was inaugurated on 24 April 2012 by 9th descendant of <mask> <mask>. The 2007 Hollywood film Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End portrays a character named Sri Sumbahjee, a purported reference to Sambhaji, Kanhoji Angre's son.See also

 List of Koli people
 List of Koli states and clans
 Kunjali Marakkar
 Laya Patil
 Battle of Colachel
 British India

References

Bibliography

 Malgonkar, Manohar The Sea Hawk: Life and Battles of Kanhoji Angrey, Orient Paperbacks, c. 1984
 Risso, Patricia. Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Region during a Long Eighteenth Century, Journal of World History - Volume 12, Number 2, Fall 2001, University of Hawai'i Press
 Ketkar, Dr. D.R. Sarkhel <mask> Angre... Maratha Armar, Mrunmayi Rugvedi Prakashan, 1997. Maratha Navy
Admirals
1729 deaths
People of the Maratha Empire
Koli people
Indian military leaders
1669 births
People from Ratnagiri district
People from Alibag
Naval history of India

masks:
Kanhoji Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Angre
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Angre
Kanhoji
Angre
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Angre
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
Kanhoji
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Kanhoji
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Kanhoji
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texts:
<mask> (), born on 26 April 1965 in Karaganda, Kazakh SSR, is a Ukrainian politician, a People's Deputy of Ukraine (in Verkhovna Rada), the First Deputy Head of the Parliamentary Committee for Science and Education and a Member of the Budget Committee (July 2006), the General Director of the State Company for export and import of military and special purpose products and services "Ukrspetsexport"; the General Director of the State Concern "Ukroboronprom" (2010–2012), the Minister of Defence of Ukraine (from 8 February 2012 to 24 December 2012). and a Member of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine (from 17 February 2012 to 24 December 2012). In January 2019 the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Office announced they were suspecting Salamatin of the crime "intentional actions aimed at ousting Ukraine from the world arms markets in favor of Russia" and thus he was suspected of "abusing his official position and committing treason in the interests of the Russian Federation." Ukrainian authorities believe that since 2013 Salamantin lives in Russia. Biography
Born on 26 April 1965, (Karaganda, Kazakh SSR). Education
Mining Department of Karaganda Polytechnic Institute with a degree in "Technology and Complex Mechanization of Underground Mining of Mineral Resources" (1989). Retraining Courses of Moscow Mining Institute with a degree in "Engineer Economist" (1991).Career
 1983—1985 – served military obligations. 1985 – miner at Kuzembaeva mine. 1989—1991 – mine foreman of mining sector at the same place. 1991—1993 – consultant of Joint Venture Company SITEK (Moscow). 1993—1994 – Commercial Director of "Russkoe Toplivo" CJSC (Moscow). 1995—1996 – Chief Expert of "ROL" CJSC (Moscow). 1996—1997 – Principal Adviser of Milder International Ltd. Company (Moscow).From 1998 – Presidential Adviser of the International Mining Congress for Interaction with Ukraine. In April 1999 moved to Ukraine where he received Ukrainian citizenship in 2004. He was twice elected as the People's Deputy of Ukraine of the Party of Regions (2006 -2011), he was the First Deputy Head of the Parliamentary Committee for Science and Education and the Member of the Budget Committee. Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc People's Deputy of Ukraine Volodymyr Stretovych claimed in April 2012 that <mask> had received Ukrainian citizenship in 2005 and thus was illegally elected into parliament in 2007. According to Central Election Commission of Ukraine member Mykhaylo Okhendovsky <mask> was legally electable in 2007, because he had been living in Ukraine the prior 5 years. The article 76 of the Constitution of Ukraine states that:

 2010 – General Director of the State Company for export and import of military and special purpose products and services. 2011 – General Director of the State Concern "Ukroboronprom”
 From 8 February 2012[2] to 24 December 2012[3] – the Minister of Defense of Ukraine in the first Azarov government.He was appointed as the Adviser to President of Ukraine Viktor  Yanukovych on 25 December 2012. He stayed his advisor until February 2014. Defence-Industrial Complex of Ukraine
The revenue from export of products of the Subsidiary Company "Ukrspetsexport" and its subsidiaries increased by 27% in 2011 and for the first time exceeded $1 bln,

This result was achieved again in 2012 when he was the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine. During this time Ukraine has achieved strategic partnership with Thailand. Lot of Ukrainian APC-ZE1 was supplied to this country. Thailand also ordered the advanced "Oplot" tanks. Total amount of the contract was half a billion dollars.He reformed the whole Defense-Industrial Complex of Ukraine in 2011 in the capacity of the Director of the Subsidiary Company "Ukroboronprom". Great portion of indebtedness of the Defense and Industrial Complex enterprises was written off, ensuring the development and proceeding to repayment of arrears in salaries. Exporters were combined into the state concern with the industrial enterprises for the first time, thus enabling to increase the production rate. In the result the number of aircraft of the Armed Forces of Ukraine was doubled as early as 2012. Almost all ships and vessels of the Maritime Forces of Ukraine were repaired; navigation and communication means, new parachute systems and many others were supplied to the troops. Ministry of Defence of Ukraine
During the period of his activity as the Minister of Defence of Ukraine in 2012 the average training time of one pilot was reached 51 hours for the first time since gaining the independence, about 42000 parachute jumps were made, considerably exceeding the previous years' figures., First All-Ukrainian tank competitions, starting a real heavy training of the tank troops' specialists, were held at the initiative of the Head of Defence Agency. High mobility landing troops (airborne troops) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine had been formed on the basis of airborne and airmobile forces.Precision guided artillery round "Kvitnyk", Armoured Personnel Carrier APC4Е, 30-mm autocannon ZТМ-1 and many other models of armament were put into service. Maneuvers "Perspective 2012" were held in September – October 2012. Perspective systems of control and communication C2/C4i were firstly practiced to perfection at these maneuvers. Military delegation headed by the Minister of Defense of Ukraine visited Afghanistan. The concept of the Armed Forces of Ukraine transition to NATO standards by 2014 had been adopted, and English language training system has been introduced. Salamantin claimed in December 2012 that for the first time for many years full-strength fighting squadron appeared in effective combat strength of the Ukrainian Air Force. Due to conflicts between President Yanukovych and his inner circle in 2012 Salamantin was dismissed as Minister of Defense in December 2012.Since dismissal as Minister of Defence
<mask> moved to Russia in 2013 and according to Ukrainian authorities lives there since. They also claim that in 2015 Salamatin visited incognito the separatist Luhansk People's Republic. In January 2019 the Prosecutor General of Ukraine Office announced they were suspecting Salamatin of a crime, they suspected him of "intentional actions aimed at ousting Ukraine from the world arms markets in favor of Russia" and thus he was suspected of "abusing his official position and committing treason in the interests of the Russian Federation." Salamantin actions allegedly cost Ukraine $ 560 million. Family
Salamantin is married to Natalia. The couple has three sons (born in 1994, 1996 and 2002). <mask>’s father-in-law Oleg Soskovets was First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 1993 until 1996.Interview
Министр обороны Саламатин: Проведенную в армии и ОПК работу я бы оценил как наступление по всем фронтам

References

External links

Government of Mykola Azarov

1965 births
21st-century Ukrainian politicians
Living people
People from Karaganda
Ukrainian people of Kazakhstani descent
Russian people of Kazakhstani descent
Russian expatriates in Ukraine
Defence ministers of Ukraine
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Party of Regions politicians
Fugitives wanted by Ukraine

masks:
Dmytro Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin
Salamatin


texts:
<mask> (born 1936) is an American anthropologist, most noted for his work with linguist Paul Kay on color, and his ethnobiological research among the Maya of Chiapas, Mexico. He received his Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1964. Until recently, <mask> was Graham Perdue Professor of Anthropology at the University of Georgia, where he was also director of the Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies and co-director for the Laboratories of Ethnobiology. His work alongside Paul Kay on the 1969 publication of Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution built on the ideas of Lazarus Geiger in the field of color terminology research and has been highly influential in anthropology, linguistics and cognitive sciences. <mask> and Kay concluded that the number of basic color terms in the world's languages are limited and center on certain focal colors, assumed to be cognitively hardwired. He led the Maya ICGB project, a bioprospecting consortium, supported by the Biodiversity Program for the National Institutes of Health, which was closed in 2001 after accusations of failure to obtain adequate informed consent from the Maya community from which he obtained indigenous knowledge. These allegations were primarily driven by a Canadian-based political activist organization, known at the time as RAFI.He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1981. Works in ethnobiology
Berlin is well known in the field of ethnobiology, or the study of how people name, use, and organize the names and the knowledge about the plants and animals around them. He also further focused on Folk biology, a sub field of ethnobiology, which refers to the biological classification and reasoning particular to a cultural group. Understanding societies’ interactions with their environment is vital to understanding the culture of the people. Berlin’s contribution to the evolution of ethnobiology as a field has been invaluable to many anthropologists. Considering "a series of landmark publications concerning ethnobiological classification, Berlin has remained a prime architect of the descriptive and analytic frameworks now widely regarded as standard and major theory. "(1994)

Covert Categories and Folk Taxonomies (1968)
In 1968, Berlin, Breedlove and Raven studied the botanical ethnography of the Tzeltal Maya people of Chiapas, Mexico.They published an article titled Covert Categories and Folk Taxonomy. They found a way to determine, with a high degree of reliability, the major outlines of the named taxonomic structure of the plant world for Tzeltal speakers. Tzeltal is one of the Mayan languages spoken in Mexico, in which most linguists distinguish six different regional dialects. In this study, they found many cultural and meaningful categories related by inclusion that are not conventionally labeled. In their language, the different plants in each category all have a common word structure that puts them apart from all of the other plants. They found that you cannot trace the words back to a single source where all plant names are included. In most languages, they have a "unique beginner" that you can trace the names back to.What <mask> and his colleagues found is that plants and animals are thought of as two separate unnamed classes. In plant taxonomy, the highest level is not a "unique beginner" but is instead represented by four major lexemes or units. These four levels are trees, vines, grasses, and herbs. There are more minor classes that include cacti, agaves, bamboos, etc. There are also very few midlevel plant categories. All of the Tzeltal specific taxa (those that which include no other members) fall into the different major and minor sublevels in their taxonomy. But, it is odd to note that the midlevel category hihte, or "oak", contains the plants sikyok and cikinib which neither share the same linguistic structure with their "parent plant."To test the hypothesis they first went through the community, observed, and recorded information from their informants comments of the plants in their natural habitats. When they went out into the field to collect data, they noticed that some of 10,000 specimens that were located in the same named contrast set were closely related than others. They take into account the uses of the certain plants including food, herbs, firewood and so on. A second method that was used helped with searching for possible subgroupings within contrast sets of large numbers was to determine the extent to which informants subdivided lists of plant names. To do this, they wrote the names of different names of plants and animals on slips of papers and then gave them to their informants. After doing this, the informants then put the slips of papers into groups that were most like each other. The results showed that they had no trouble placing them in the different categories of "plants" and "animals."This also showed that though they did not have a word for it they did know of the existence of "plants." After this, they broke down the taxonomy even further by giving them different "plant" names and asking them the same question, as before they had no problem labeling each plant into the different groups or categories. After they established that they understood the existence of subgroupings, they used three different procedures to find out how they define the features of certain plants. The first procedure was called the triads test in which the informants chose which item out of a group of three was the most different. The results indicated how they group things together based upon similarity. The second procedure involved constructing folk keys. The keys are used to help distinguish the different plants from the other based upon the traits.They then used these to get a better understanding of why certain plants were put in certain places in their taxonomy. First they would give the informants the names of plants that they had earlier grouped together (when the researchers gave them the slips of papers with names on them), then they were asked to create a key that would help distinguish each plant from each other. In doing this, the informants showed how they make their divisions between plants and decide which group to put them in. Finally, they conducted a study consisting of paired comparisons of all the items in a particular set of plant names. The informants were asked to compare all the logical pairs in different sets and make logical comparisons and differences amongst them. Characteristics such as stem growth, size and shape of the stem and leaves, and fruit size and shape were all utilized when making the comparisons. This showed Berlin, Breedlove, and Raven what the "definitions" were for a set of terms and they were then able to bring together the like terms that were the most similar according to the informant in question.This study showed what the Tzeltal people deem as the most important features to them when they decide to on certain plants to take care of and plant for their very immediate survival. This results from this study shows that things that do not have names for the Tzeltal speakers still exist in their eyes. The hierarchies generated by their studies are not arbitrarily spaced, which therefore clearly implies a taxonomic structure. The plants still have a part in their lives and they still identify with them even though they may not have a name. The process of having a given a name to certain life forms in their ecology shows just how much these people are attached to their surroundings. It also shows what to them is considered a life form and what is not. The study proves that we should not take shallow taxonomic hierarchies for granted and should have further studies concerning them to show that the different languages go deeper than we actually let on to them.The study helps outline three great studies that others can use to set up their own studies. It can help researchers understand why sometimes it is hard to identify where the midlevel on a taxonomy hierarchy is or even if it exists at all in a certain community. General Principles of Classification and Nomenclature in Folk Biology (1973)
One of the first works Berlin published in relation to the budding field of ethnobiology was also one of his more influential:  General Principles of Classification and Nomenclature in Folk Biology (1973) was coauthored with Dennis Breedlove of the California Academy of Sciences and Peter Raven of the Missouri Botanical Garden. In this journal article, <mask> and team intended to illustrate three hypotheses they felt were properly supported by the data they had acquired during the research they completed. First, it is possible to isolate organisms into linguistically recognized groups called taxa, or classes. Second, these taxa can be further broken down into no more than five smaller classes called taxonomic ethnobiological categories. These smaller categories are defined in terms of certain criteria, such as having certain linguistic or taxonomic feature that are recognizable.They continued to describe how these organisms, flora or fauna, belonging to each of these categories can be arranged into a complex taxonomic hierarchy. The five ethnobiological categories are as follows: unique beginner, life form, generic, specific, and varietal. Most, if not all organisms can be placed taxonomically into these categories. They turned their attentions to the formal linguistic structure of the lexemic nomenclature of the plants and animals and to which taxa each of these organisms belong to. After laying out the criteria and division of the taxa and lexemes, they used the information to discuss the Tzeltal and how they have a nomenclature system incredibly similar to that of Western botany’s division of plants. The data they had obtained studying the Tzeltal and the lexemic system used to name plants was found to conform, with only a few exceptions, to the hypotheses <mask>, Breedlove, and Raven had laid out. Finally, they attempt to show how the principles demonstrated by the research suggest they can be applied to many ethnobiological classification systems since they are general."While data on some aspects of ethnobotany and ethnozoology, especially the uses of plants and animals, are available from a wide variety of sources, good materials on the classificatory principles underlying folk biological taxonomy and nomenclature in non-Western societies are sadly lacking (1973). Berlin, Breedlove and Raven began to encourage and emphasize the importance in gaining ethnobiological information regarding nomenclature and utilizing the principles they laid out to increase our knowledge of potentially general cognitive categorizing, the people who use these taxonomic systems, and how these systems can influence our view of the environment around us. In a following article published in the American Ethnologist (1976), Berlin attempted to address some criticisms he had encountered regarding the ethnobiological concept of category, hereafter also referred to as rank, by applying some of his previous principles to new information on biological classification of the Aguaruna. Some claim the boundaries to determine ranks are arbitrary or that there is no validity to the rank concept. The conclusion of the report stated, "[…] the vast majority of conceptually recognized plant classes in Aguaruna are easily accommodated into one of the proposed ranks in a natural and straightforward fashion. These data suggest that ranks are neither arbitrary nor a mere typological cataloging device invented for the convenience of the ethnographer. On the contrary, the Aguaruna’s view of the plant world provides additional support for the hypothesis that the concept of rank is fundamental to all systems of folk biological classification"

masks:
Overton Brent Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin


texts:
 (1976).Ethnobiological Classification (1992)
One of Berlin’s most well known contributions to ethnobiology is his 1992 book, Ethnobiological Classification: Principles of Categorization of Plants and Animals in Traditional Societies. In this book, Berlin analyzes the widespread commonalities in classification and naming purposes of the local flora and fauna among traditional, non-literate societies. It helps develop and reaffirm the "universalist" approach to ethnobiology. He explains the "basic principles" that he feels form the groundwork for a comparative ethnobiology. He also talks about the three main levels of classification; generic, specific, and higher-order. He wants to stress the importance of prototypes and the fact that "perceptual motivation" underpins not only genera, but also intermediate and life form categories, although he points out that he understands that the life form categories does not neatly reflect biological taxa. In another part of the book, he explores the patterned variations in ethnobiological knowledge.He brings up an interesting suggestion that ethnobiological nomenclature is not necessarily arbitrary, but often reflects some aspect of the inherent quality of the organism. "<mask> maintains that these patterns can best be explained by the similarity of human beings' largely unconscious appreciation of the natural affinities among groupings of plants and animals: people recognize and name a grouping of organisms quite independently of its actual or potential usefulness or symbolic significance in human society" (2009). This implies that the ability and want to categorize is nearly innate in humans. This claim challenged some anthropologists’ beliefs that one’s sense of reality is determined by culture; that the subjective and unique view one has of their surroundings is controlled little by the world around the individual. He argues throughout the book against his colleagues that only natural species that have "evident utility for man have been named." He constantly argues against a neo-malinowskian functionalism. He makes humans out to seem as simply contemplative materialists unknowingly seeking out only the things that will ensure our happiness and survival and leaving everything else to be on its own for its own survival.He also focused on the structure of ethnobiological classification based on individual nomenclature systems he has researched or seen at work firsthand. He addressed the processes at work to affect the evolution of ethnobiology and the systems involved. Berlin has received a lot of praise on this book. In reference to the book, Terence Hays says, "Here, Berlin deals straightforwardly and systematically with his major critics, acknowledging that ‘the patterns recognized nearly two decades ago must now be restated in light of new evidence and new theoretical insights that have emerged since that time’" (1994:3). Medical Ethnobiology of the Highland Maya (1996)
Some of Berlin’s more recent work is focused on medical ethnobiology and modern Mayan populations. In 1996, in collaboration with his wife, Elois <mask>, he published a book entitled Medical Ethnobiology of the Highland Maya of Chiapas, Mexico: The Gastrointestinal Diseases. (1996)

In this work, Berlin and Berlin focus on two specific Maya speaking groups, the Tzeltal and the Tzotzil.As opposed to focusing on the standard ritual and symbolism approach to understanding the medicinal properties of Mayan healing, the book’s focus is on the ethnobotanical approach. The Tzeltal/Tzotzil have a wealth of knowledge regarding symptomatic diseases and the medicinal herbs that alleviate the symptoms associated with these diseases. Some of the most devastating diseases that affect these people are gastrointestinal diseases. Berlin and Berlin outline the symptomology, treatment, ingredients of the herbs administered, and even the classification of these diseases. Over the time that they researched, they began to realize that the administration of these herbs were condition specific were extremely effective if the condition was known to those treating. In 2008, <mask> and Elois <mask> were recognized by the Society for Economic Botany. They received the Distinguished Economic Botanist Award."‘The work of <mask> and Elois <mask> over the last four decades has led to major theoretical advances in cognitive and medical Ethnobiology,’ said Rick Stepp, a member of the council of the Society for Economic Botany. "(2008) <mask> has generated information and new techniques of analyzing data that has influenced many well established members of the field and up and coming students who strive to be an asset to the social sciences. Works on color
In the book, Basic Color Terms: Their Universality and Evolution (1969), a collaboration between <mask> and Paul Kay, they used around 100 different languages to see how many basic color terms for each language are universal. The data they present states that there are around 11 universal basic color terms for languages in which there are always terms for white and black present in all languages. They depicted a set of stages which state that if there are 3 color terms presented, this is attributed to include red, also. There are several more steps in which other colors are then added until there are languages with 8 or more basic color terms. In one experiment, they used painted chips with several different color hues and told the speakers in their native language to point out the basic color in the focal point and the outer hues they also connect it to.This helped them gauge what difference in hues of colors people from different languages appropriated with each basic color term. Because there are many different names for colors in each society, the data helped note what the basic terms for simple colors were and how many different hues they connected to those basic colors. <mask> also studied the classifications of color for the Aguaruna people of north-central Peru. In this research, he found out that a majority of these people match up with the stage three color views from the 1969 work, in which the Aguaruna have names for black, white, red, and a color they call grue. In his article, Aguaruna Color Categories (1975), he discusses the findings of how they classify and name colors. When he mentions that they have the color grue, he states that it is a "GRUE [green + blue],…it appears to be blue rather than green"(1975). Although the majority of the people he studied matched up with this third stage of color classification and naming, there were others that often had the names to multiple other colors and were attributed to knowing more Spanish than the others.In their native language, it is possible that they did not have words for all of the colors that are available to use in Spanish. During their research, they soon noticed that there was no specific name for the word "color" in the Aguaruna language. Often, they had an easier time when speaking with the bilingual people that also knew Spanish. This helped them compile an early list of 10 color terms in both Spanish and Aguaruna. Instead of depending solely on the painted chips like they did in the previous experiment, they "began presenting items of natural or artificial object and asking...’what stain does it have’, a question provided us by a bilingual teacher"(1975). He mentioned later that they were able to find objects of all colors except pink and brown and that this type of color naming procedure helped the participants answer more quickly and was more enjoyable during the study. In addition to this way of color questioning, they also brought some painted cards because they could not find painted chips and used those along with the objects.During the research, they presented the colored objects and asked which types people associated with certain colors, in no particular order, and wrote the results down. After this questioning, they presented cards with different colors and told the participants to choose a focal point for various colors and point out how many cards they attributed to each color. In their findings they noticed how people that were monolingual in Aguaruna only recognized names for the basic white, black, red, and grue while others that spoke a little or were bilingual in Spanish knew the names of many more colors presented. In his findings on the topic of color terminology among the Aguaruna, he noticed that people with access to different languages outside of the community have picked up various names for colors from a different language and brought them into the community in order for some to have access to multiple color terms they might not have had in their own language. Bioprospecting and the Maya ICBG controversy

In 1998 Berlin and his wife, Elois A. <mask>, founded an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group - the Maya ICGB. The group was intended as a combined bioprospecting and research cooperative between the University of Georgia where the Berlins were employed, a Mexican university, a Welsh pharmaceutical company and a newly created NGO called PROMAYA supposed to represent the Indigenous Maya of Chiapas. The aim was to collect and document the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Maya peoples of Chiapas, one of the world's biodiversity hotspots with regards discovering, patent, produce and market medicines based on Maya ethnobiological knowledge.The NGO PROMAYA was established as a foundation through which the project could share rights and benefits with the indigenous holders of the medicinal knowledge. Soon after being initiated the project became the subject of harsh criticisms by indigenous activists and Mexican intellectuals who questioned how knowledge obtained from individual Maya could be patented by researchers or foreign pharmaceutical companies, how the PROMAYA NGO established by the Berlins and under their control could be considered representative of the many different Maya communities in Chiapas, and how it was possible for the knowledge that had been collective property of the Maya peoples to become suddenly privatized without the prior consent of each of the individual initial holders of the knowledge. The Berlins argued that the establishment of the NGO was the only feasible way of managing benefit sharing with the community and of obtaining prior informed consent, and they that since the traditional knowledge was in the public domain among the Maya no individual Maya could expect remuneration. As tensions mounted the Mexican partner withdrew its support for the project, and later the NIH, which caused the project to be closed down in 2001 - without having been able to produce any results. The Maya ICBG case was among the first to draw attention to the problems of distinguishing between bioprospecting and biopiracy, and to the difficulties of securing community participation and prior informed consent for bioprospectors. Select publications
Berlin, Brent. 1992.Ethnobiological classification: principles of categorization of plants and animals in traditional societies. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Berlin, Brent. 1995. "Huambisa Sound Symbolism." In Sound symbolism, edited by Leanne Hinton, Johanna Nichols, and John J. Ohala. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press.<mask>, Elois Ann, and <mask>. 1996. Medical ethnobiology of the Highland Maya of Chiapas, Mexico: the gastrointestinal diseases. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. References

1936 births
American anthropologists
American anthropology writers
American male non-fiction writers
Anthropological linguists
Ethnobiologists
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Living people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Stanford University alumni
University of Georgia faculty
Fellows of the Cognitive

masks:
Brent Berlin
Ann Berlin
Brent Berlin
Ann Berlin
Brent Berlin
Ann Berlin
Brent Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
Brent Berlin


texts:
<mask> (July 10, 1814March 4, 1887) was an American portrait artist, hotel keeper, politician, newspaper editor, and Union Army Colonel from Racine, Wisconsin. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly as a Free Soiler, and in the Wisconsin State Senate as a Republican. Early life

<mask> was born in Monson, Massachusetts, to Hamilton and <mask>. At age four, his father moved the family to Newbury Center, Ohio, about twenty miles east of Cleveland. He was educated by his father then moved to New York to further his studies as a portrait painter. <mask> was also an amateur violinist and played music for his uncle's dance classes while in New York. Early career in Wisconsin

<mask> moved to Racine, in the Wisconsin Territory, in 1844.He was employed as a portrait artist in Racine and also taught dancing lessons. He also became proprietor of the Racine House—the first large hotel in the area. He became associated with the newly organized Free Soil Party in 1848, along with a large portion of the population of Racine County. In 1850, was elected on the Free Soil ticket to the Wisconsin State Assembly from Racine's 1st district. He was re-elected in 1851. In 1852, he was appointed Adjutant General of the Wisconsin Militia by Governor <mask>. Farwell. When the Republican Party of Wisconsin became organized in 1854, <mask> became a member.He was elected to a two-year term in the Wisconsin State Senate from the 7th District (Racine County) in 1860, where he served on the Committee for the Militia. Civil War service

After the outbreak of the American Civil War, in 1861, <mask> was again appointed Adjutant General of the Wisconsin Militia, this time by Governor Alexander Randall. <mask> took the lead in organizing Wisconsin's volunteer regiments for the Union cause. Over the course of six months, he had helped raise nearly 30,000 soldiers and received a complimentary letter from President <mask> for his efforts. In January 1862, <mask>. Harvey took over as Governor and <mask> resumed his work in the Senate. But before the end of the year, Governor Harvey was dead and Governor Edward Salomon commissioned <mask> as a Colonel and ordered him to raise a regiment for service in the Union Army. Camp Utley was created out of a 75 acre lot between 16th Street and College Avenue in Racine, Wisconsin, and <mask> recruited and trained men from Racine, Rock, Green, and Walworth counties.The 22nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry mustered into service September 2, 1862, under Colonel <mask> and Lt. Colonel Edward Bloodgood. On September 22, they marched out with orders to proceed to Cincinnati and join the Army of Kentucky in blunting the Confederate Heartland Offensive. Fugitive slave incident

The 22nd encountered a number of escaped slaves in Kentucky. Kentucky was a slave state but still fought on the side of the Union in the Civil War, thus Union forces were ordered to return escaped slaves to their owners. <mask> refused the order and sheltered escaped slaves among his regiment, earning him the nickname the "Abolition Colonel" and the regiment the nickname the "Abolition Regiment". The case of one particular fugitive, a boy named "Adam", was well documented.Adam was claimed by Judge George Robertson, who had been Chief Justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals. At the insistence of Judge Robertson, <mask> was prosecuted in the local courts for theft. <mask> wrote to former Governor Alexander Randall and President <mask> requesting their assistance in resolving the matter. On November 26, 1862, President <mask> wrote to Judge Robertson and offered him compensation up to $500 for the loss of his slave. At the end of the war, an $800 judgement was rendered against Colonel <mask> for having assisted the escape of Adam and other fugitive slaves. <mask> paid the fine, but was later reimbursed by the U.S. government. Prisoner of war

On March 3, 1863, the 22nd was ordered to Nashville, Tennessee.They were one of four regiments under the command of Colonel John Coburn ordered to perform reconnaissance toward Columbia, Tennessee, when they encountered a Confederate force near Spring Hill. Coburn engaged the Confederates in what would become the Battle of Thompson's Station. The Union forces were surrounded and a large number were captured, including Colonel <mask> and Colonel Coburn. Lt. Colonel Bloodgood escaped the encirclement with about 150 men of the 22nd Wisconsin. <mask> was sent to Libby Prison with most his captured regiment and remained there for two months until they were released in a prisoner exchange. The 22nd was re-organized at St. Louis and Colonel <mask> led them back into the field on June 12, 1863.Return

Colonel <mask> led the regiment for another year in Tennessee, and then into Georgia on the Atlanta campaign under General <mask> Sherman. They participated in the Battles of Resaca, Adairsville (Cassville), New Hope Church, and Kennesaw Mountain. In July 1864, <mask> resigned due to poor health and returned to Wisconsin. Postbellum years

In public office, <mask> was appointed Postmaster of Racine in 1869, and re-appointed in 1878. <mask> and his son, Hamilton, purchased the Racine Journal in 1865, which they published for nine years. In 1874, the <mask>s sold the Journal and started the Racine Times and the Utley Dollar Weekly. In the 1870s, <mask> became associated with the new Greenback Party, and, in 1878, he began publishing the New Deal, a Greenback paper.<mask> was the Greenback Party's nominee for Governor of Wisconsin in the 1884 election. <mask> came in a distant fourth as <mask> Rusk won re-election. <mask>'s health never fully recovered from his time in captivity. He died of diabetes at his home in Racine in 1887. Personal life and family

<mask> married his first wife, <mask>, January 14, 1839, while living in New York. They had three children together, but only their son, Hamilton, survived to adulthood. <mask> died in 1864, a few months before Colonel <mask> resigned from the Army.<mask> met his second wife after the war. Sarah Wooster was the widow of Dr. Wooster, who had been a surgeon for the 15th Wisconsin Volunteer Regiment. Sarah had one son from her previous marriage. <mask> married Sarah Wooster on February 22, 1866. They had one son together, <mask><mask>. Socially, Colonel <mask> was a Mason and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Electoral history

U.S. House of Representatives (1882)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 7, 1882

Wisconsin Governor (1884)

| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;background-color: #e9e9e9;"| General Election, November 4, 1884

References

External links

1814 births
1887 deaths
19th-century American newspaper editors
American hoteliers
Editors of Wisconsin newspapers
People from Monson, Massachusetts
Politicians from Racine, Wisconsin
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
American portrait painters
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Union Army colonels
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin Free Soilers
19th-century American politicians
Wisconsin Greenbacks
Wisconsin Republicans
Wisconsin state senators
Painters from Wisconsin
American male journalists
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American businesspeople
Military personnel from Massachusetts

masks:
William Lawrence Utley
Utley
Polly Utley
Utley
Utley
Leonard J
Utley
Utley
Utley
Abraham Lincoln
Louis P
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Lincoln
Lincoln
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
William Tecumseh
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Utley
Jeremiah McLain
Utley
Utley
Louisa Wing
Louisa
Utley
Utley
Utley
William L
. Utley
Utley