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<mask><mask> (also known as icculus) is a computer programmer and former Loki Software employee who is now responsible for icculus.org, which hosts many Loki Software projects as well as several new projects created by himself and others. <mask>'s site hosts projects with the code from such commercial games as Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Quake III Arena and many other free and open source projects for multiple platforms. <mask> has also created ports of proprietary software products to the Linux and Mac OS X platforms. These include being hired to port most of the Unreal Tournament series, some of the Serious Sam series, the official Postal series, some Tripwire Interactive and Coffee Stain Studios titles,  and Prey (2006). He has also been involved in porting several non-gaming products such as Second Life and Google Earth. Some, such as Candy Cruncher and Postal 2, have been published by Linux Game Publishing. He has also been described alongside Edward Rudd as being "instrumental" in ensuring the multi-platform nature of the Humble Indie Bundle initiatives.Biography

Personal life
<mask> grew up just outside Philadelphia, going to college in Charlotte, North Carolina where he currently resides. On January 3, 2010 he became engaged to his girlfriend <mask> and they were married later that year. On January 31, 2012 his wife gave birth to their first child, Olive Finch <mask>. He is also a founding member of the BareBones Theatre Group in Charlotte. Loki Software
In the summer of 1999 Loki Software ran a contest called "Loki Hack" at the Atlanta Linux Showcase, with the goal of improving the Linux port of Civilization: Call To Power. <mask> decided to give it a try, driving the four-hour trip from his home to Atlanta. Loki was impressed with his work and decided to offer him a job.<mask> quickly rose to prominence at Loki, working as a developer on the game ports of Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns, Quake III Arena, and Eric's Ultimate Solitaire, as well as being the lead developer for Descent 3 and Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.². In 2000 he also wrote several articles for the online Linux news and information website Linux.com. Around this time he founded icculus.org, made to provide hosting for various free and open source projects, and would later be used to support and continue some of Loki's free software projects and tools. While at Loki Software, <mask> picked his nickname icculus as a reference to the fictional character from Gamehendge in the song "Icculus" by Phish. Independent contracts
The upcoming closure of Loki forced him to seek outside employment. A friend offered him a job at his cybercafe, and he was forced to move in with his parents. Desperate to escape working a cash register for a living, he found the e-mail address of an artist working for the developer Croteam.They had recently released the first of their highly successful Serious Sam series, and <mask> asked if they would be interested in him building a Linux port. They agreed, and the port's first beta was released on December 5, 2002. From there he gained other contracts such as being hired to port Devastation and Medal of Honor: Allied Assault for Linux and America's Army for Linux and Mac OS X. He was also contracted by Epic Games to port their Unreal Tournament 2003 title to Linux and Mac OS X, with the port being included with the packaged Windows version. This business relationship continued with the release of Unreal Tournament 2004, and followed from the original Unreal Tournament which was ported to Linux internally by Epic but was published by Loki. Upon learning about the release of Postal 2 in 2003, <mask> decided to contact the developer behind it wondering if they would be interested in him making a port of the game to Linux and Mac OS X. Loki had previously ported the original Postal to Linux, and he was interested in keeping the franchise compatible. Running with Scissors agreed, and the finished port was shipped on February 14, 2005, with Linux Game Publishing initially handling the publishing of the Linux version.Soon after he was contracted to make a Linux port for the Wolfire Games title Lugaru: The Rabbit's Foot, a business relationship that would later prove fruitful for <mask>. Around this time he was also contracted to build a Linux client for the online virtual world Second Life. Google also utilized his services, with him being contracted to make a native Linux port of their Google Earth application, with Linux functionality finally becoming available starting with the release of the  version 4 beta on June 12, 2006. In 2007 he was once again contracted by Epic Games to port their new Unreal Tournament 3 title to both Linux and Mac OS X. The Linux game server was released on December 18, 2007, but work was eventually abandoned on the Linux and Mac OS X clients for reasons which remain undisclosed. In October 2008 he made the surprise announcement that he had been working on a Linux client for the first-person shooter game Prey, after previously porting the game's Linux server in 2006. Although there had been some speculation about a potential Linux release, it had been denied by the developer of the title in the past.The finished port was released on December 7, 2008. FatELF, Humble Bundle, and Steam
On October 23, 2009 he announced his plans to make a universal binary system similar to the one used on Mac OS X for Linux systems called FatELF. The project generated considerable controversy, with several Linux Kernel developers decrying the effort. <mask> announced that the project was on hold in early November 2009, later stating that he would be willing to work on it again if he receives help from an interested party. Around this time he also started to port the game Aquaria to Linux for Bit Blot. On May 11, 2010 he and Wolfire Games released the source code of his code branch of Lugaru under the GNU General Public License. He was also involved with the source code release of Aquaria, both of which were sold as part of the first Humble Indie Bundle, which was also hosted by Wolfire.He was then contracted to port Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 to Mac OS X, stating that he could potentially port it to Linux if Steam ever released a Linux client. <mask> also generated some controversy that summer for his talk at the 2010 SouthEast LinuxFest titled "Anatomy of a Failure", where he criticized some aspects of the Kernel development process. He then ported Braid to both Linux and Mac OS X to allow it to be a part of Humble Indie Bundle 2, as well as porting the games Cogs and Hammerfight for later bundles. As part of this he ported the "Haaf's Game Engine" to Linux and Mac OS X, and released his port under a free software license. He also ported Frozen Synapse to Linux to be included as the primary part of the Frozen Synapse Bundle, as well as Super Meat Boy and Shank for Humble Indie Bundle 4. During the rest of 2012 <mask> would work on several more ports for the Humble Bundles, including Avadon: The Black Fortress, Space Pirates and Zombies, and Psychonauts. He would also be involved in updating old releases as well as porting several new titles to Linux to be included as part of Valve's Steam Linux launch, including creating Linux ports of the games Red Orchestra: Ostfront 41-45 and Killing Floor for Tripwire Interactive.As part of the Humble Indie Bundle 7 promotion <mask> ported the title Dungeon Defenders to Linux, making it the first Linux native title to utilize Unreal Engine 3, the engine that debuted with the release of Unreal Tournament 3 back in 2007 which <mask> had unsuccessfully tried to port to the platform. In 2013 he created an unfinished beta port of Dear Esther to Linux to be included as part of Humble Indie Bundle 8. <mask> was one of the speakers at the first ever Steam Dev Days, where he outlined how to port a game to Linux and to SteamOS. In 2014 he ported the games Goat Simulator and Sanctum 2 to Linux and Mac OS X for Coffee Stain Studios. On June 19, 2014 he released a new Linux port of LIMBO, a game that had previously been released for Linux using a CrossOver wrapper as part of Humble Indie Bundle V, something that proved controversial at the time due to it not being a fully native release. In order to accomplish this <mask> also had to port Wwise, the audio middleware that previously prevented a native port from being possible. icculus.org
icculus.org is <mask>'s personal website and a project incubator similar to SourceForge.net, Ourproject.org or GNU Savannah.<mask> is often involved in the projects hosted on his site but not universally. The site hosts port or enhancement projects for games such as Aliens versus Predator, Jump 'n Bump, DONKEY.BAS, Duke Nukem 3D, Shadow Warrior, Freespace 2, Descent 2, Black Shades, Ken's Labyrinth, Rise of the Triad, Wolfenstein 3D, Heretic, Hexen, cooperative Rune, Quake II, the Build engine, Unreal (as an Unreal Tournament mod) and the Chzo Mythos. The site also hosts free software projects such as Neverball, ioquake3 and related projects, an attempted Visual Basic re-implementation, OpenAL for Mac OS X, and a Yahoo! Messenger client. It is also the host of the freeware CodeRED: Alien Arena project and has hosted code from the developers Blazing Games, Piga Software, Wolfire Games, and Bit Blot. Ported titles
The following is a list of all the software that <mask> has been involved in porting, except for his game server ports. In addition to these, he has also been contracted to provide technical assistance to Gaslamp Games, developers of Dungeons of Dredmor and Clockwork Empires, and helped develop but was not solely responsible for the Linux and OS X ports of Double Fine Productions' Costume Quest.Cars: Radiator Springs Adventures (Mac OS X, 2006)
 Hidden Mysteries Civil War (Mac OS X, 2008)
 Magic Match Adventures (Mac OS X, 2008)
 Go-Go Gourmet 2 (Mac OS X)
 Go-Go Gourmet (Mac OS X, 2008)
 Super Meat Boy (Mac OS X)

Loki Software

 Kohan: Immortal Sovereigns (Linux, 2001)
 Eric's Ultimate Solitaire (Linux, 2000)
 Descent 3 (Linux, 2000)
 Heavy Metal: F.A.K.K.² (Linux, 2000)
 Quake III Arena (Linux, 1999)

Unfinished ports (beta)

 Dear Esther (Linux, 2013)
 Medal of Honor: Allied Assault (Linux)
 Devastation (Linux)
 Serious Sam: The Second Encounter (Linux)
 Serious Sam: The First Encounter (Linux)

Unreleased ports

 Unreal Tournament 3 (Linux / Mac OS X)

See also
 Michael Simms
 Timothee Besset

References

External links

<mask><mask>'s homepage

Video game programmers
Free software programmers
Linux game porters
Linux people
Living people
People from Charlotte, North Carolina
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Ryan C
. Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Gordon
Carrie
Gordon
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<mask> (August 27, 1913, Toronto – August 31, 2002, Montecito, California) was an American chemist who, together with Sam Ruben, co-discovered the synthesis of the isotope carbon-14 on February 27, 1940, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley. Biography
<mask> was born on August 27, 1913, in Toronto, the son of Russian Jewish immigrants. He grew up in Chicago. He received a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1933 and obtained a PhD in physical chemistry from the same university in 1936. Thereafter he sought a research position in chemistry and nuclear physics under Ernest Lawrence at the radiation laboratory in Berkeley, where he worked without pay for six months until being hired to oversee the preparation and distribution of the cyclotron's products. Although carbon-14 was previously known, the discovery of the synthesis of carbon-14 occurred at Berkeley when <mask> and Ruben bombarded graphite in the cyclotron in hopes of producing a radioactive isotope of carbon that could be used as a tracer in investigating chemical reactions in photosynthesis. Their experiment resulted in production of carbon-14.In 1943, <mask> was assigned to Manhattan Project work at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where he worked briefly before returning to Berkeley. He was fired from Berkeley in 1945 after being accused of leaking nuclear weapons secrets to Russia, and for a time was unable to obtain an academic position, until being hired by Arthur Holly Compton to run the cyclotron program in the medical school of Washington University at St. Louis. <mask> taught the faculty how to use radioactive tracer materials in research, and his own interests gradually shifted into biochemistry. In 1957, he moved to Brandeis University in Massachusetts, and in 1961 he joined the University of California, San Diego, where he remained until his retirement in 1978. <mask> died August 31, 2002, at the age of 89 in Montecito (Santa Barbara), California. He was a longtime resident of Casa Dorinda retirement home, where he was well-liked and admired for helping others. Scientific contributions
By bombarding matter with particles in the cyclotron, radioactive isotopes such as carbon-14, were generated.Using carbon-14, the order of events in biochemical reactions could be elucidated, showing the precursors of a particular biochemical product, revealing the network of reactions that constitute life. <mask> is credited with confirming that all of the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from water, not carbon dioxide. He also studied the role of molybdenum in biological nitrogen fixation, the biochemistry of cytochromes and their role in photosynthesis and metabolism, the role of iron in the activity of porphyrin compounds in plants and animals, and calcium exchange in cancerous tumors. Controversies

Accusations of Communist spy activity
<mask> came under long-term suspicion of espionage activity beginning in 1944. He described his experiences during this era in his autobiography, Radiant Science, Dark Politics. He first aroused suspicion while working at Oak Ridge. A cyclotron operator prepared radioactive sodium for an experiment, and <mask> was surprised that the resulting sodium had a purple glow, indicating it was much more intensely radioactive than could be produced in a cyclotron.<mask> recognized immediately that the sodium must have been irradiated in a nuclear reactor elsewhere in the facility. Because of wartime secrecy, he had not been aware of the reactor's existence. He excitedly told his colleagues about his discovery. Shortly thereafter, an investigation was launched to find out who had leaked the information to <mask>. After returning to Berkeley, <mask> met two Russian officials at a party given by his friend, the violinist Isaac Stern, whom he sometimes accompanied as a viola player in social evenings of chamber music. The Russians were Grigory Kheifets and Grigory Kasparov, posted as undercover KGB officers in the Soviet Union's San Francisco consulate. One of them asked <mask> for assistance in getting experimental radiation treatment for a colleague with leukemia.<mask> made inquiries, and in appreciation the official invited him for dinner at a local restaurant. In the aftermath of the Oak Ridge incident, <mask> was under continuing surveillance by FBI agents who observed the July 1, 1944 dinner, where <mask> was alleged to have discussed atomic research with Kheifets. <mask> lost his Berkeley position shortly afterwards. The House Committee on Un-American Activities summoned <mask> to testify in 1948. Subsequently the State Department refused to issue him a passport. In 1951 the Chicago Tribune named him as a suspected spy. <mask> attempted suicide.After a 10-year effort to establish his innocence and prove that he had been blacklisted as a security risk, he won a libel suit against the Tribune in 1955 and was able once again to obtain a passport. Recognitions
<mask> became Guggenheim Fellowship recipient in 1956 and two years later he became a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1958. In 1962, <mask> was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. On April 24, 1996, he became a winner of the Enrico Fermi Award. He was awarded the 1989 Albert Einstein World Award of Science. Books
<mask>, <mask>. Radiant Science, Dark Politics: A Memoir of the Nuclear Age, Foreword by Edwin M. McMillan, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985. .

References

Report of January 11, 1944, FBI Silvermaster File, serial 3378. US House of Representatives, 80th Congress, Special Session, Committee on Un-American Activities, Report on Soviet Espionage Activities in Connection with the Atom Bomb, September 28, 1948 (US Gov.Printing Office) pp. 181, 182. "Comintern Apparatus Summary Report". "The Shameful Years: Thirty Years of Soviet Espionage in the United States," December 30, 1951, U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Un-American Activities, 39–40. John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America, Yale University Press (1999), pgs. 232, 236. External links
<mask> David <mask> Papers MSS 98.Special Collections & Archives, UC San Diego Library. <mask> on Atomic Heritage Foundation

1913 births
2002 deaths
Scientists from Toronto
University of Chicago alumni
Scientists from Chicago
University of California, San Diego faculty
American biochemists
Nuclear secrecy
Manhattan Project people
Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
Enrico Fermi Award recipients
Washington University in St. Louis faculty
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Canadian people of Russian descent
American physical chemists
Venona project
Jewish American scientists
Canadian emigrants to the United States

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Martin David Kamen
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Martin Kamen
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<mask> (born March 12, 1952) is a Canadian composer, conductor, music publisher and singer who devotes much of his focus to choral music. He is an associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre. and has composed for a wide spectrum of genres; electronic and computer music, string quartet, woodwind and brass quintet, Symphony Orchestra, Symphonic Wind Ensemble and choral ensembles, including both secular and ecclesiastical music. Primarily, he has written and arranged hundreds of compositions for choirs. <mask> also works as a choral clinician, occasional university professor, music minister, guest conductor and music festival adjudicator. <mask> sang professionally with the Vancouver Chamber Choir  for six years, directed the Jubilate Vocal Ensemble for five years, and is currently singing with the Vancouver Cantata Singers. In 2010 <mask> became the owner and co-editor (with Diane Loomer) of Cypress Choral Music Publishing.<mask>'s music is published by Oxford University Press, G. Schirmer, Shawnee Press, Pavane Publishing, Morton Music, Cypress Choral Music, Classica and Canadian International Music. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation - CBC Radio - has featured his music many times. Biography
Born to parents who became missionaries when he was eleven years old, <mask> studied music in  Kodaikanal India under the International Baccalaureate Program. He was given a chance to direct his high school chamber choir when he was 17. Upon returning to Canada, he formed a coffeehouse band with friends called the "Sound of Light", which performed regularly in the Vancouver area for four years, made two LP recordings, and worked in recording studios as back-up singers for Dolores Claman ("Hockey Night in Canada" composer). He studied at Columbia Bible College, the University of British Columbia, and the University of Lethbridge. His Master of Music degree was completed at the University of Western Washington in 1983.<mask> worked as a high school performing arts teacher for 25 years at the Mennonite Educational Institute. During that time he directed over 50 stage productions including several Gilbert and Sullivan operettas. In 1993 he won the International Association for Jazz Education award for "outstanding service to jazz education". His senior choir was selected two years in a row, 2001 and 2002, by Varsity Vocals' international search for the Best of High School Choirs. In 1989, <mask> almost died of viral encephalitis. Following a long convalescence, he says, "During that time of healing I committed myself to writing music that speaks to the deep questions of our existence." Christian convictions permeate much of his writing.Nickel and director Tony Funk founded the West Coast Mennonite Chamber Choir in 1990. Over the following fifteen years the choir recorded thirteen CDs, including over one hundred of Nickel's compositions, with proceeds from CD sales donated to Communitas Supportive Care Services, a charitable organization that works with mentally challenged people. In 2003, Nickel began a Doctorate (DMA) in Composition, which he obtained in 2007. He studied with Stephen Chatman, Dorothy Chang and Keith Hamel. His thesis involved writing a Requiem in thirteen languages. "Requiem for Peace" was premiered at the Chan Centre for the Performing Arts in December 2005 under the direction Bruce Pullan. In 2010 Bruce Pullan presented "Requiem for Peace" at the Orpheum theatre with the VSO and the Vancouver Bach Choir.In 2011 <mask> reset "Requiem for Peace" for chamber size forces and this version was premiered by the Vancouver Chamber Choir that November. Since then, Requiem for Peace has had many performances; Örebro, Västerås, Kiev, Corfu, Toronto, Halifax, Guelph, Magdeburg, Speinshart, Regensburg, Nördlingen, Bayreuth, Chicago, Goshen, Ottawa and in New York at Carnegie Hall. <mask> has received over a hundred commissions from groups such as the Vancouver Cantata Singers, Pro Coro Canada, Vancouver Chamber Choir, Vancouver Bach Choir, Elektra, Chor Leoni, Welsh Men's Choir, Salt Lake Vocal Artists, the Örebro Chamber Choir, Winnipeg Children's Choir, Pacific Mennonite Children's Choir, PODIUM honor choir, Halifax Camerata, Erato Ensemble, Canadian Tenors, Linden Singers, Faith and Life Men's Chorus, etc. His work has also been performed by Pinchas Zukerman, Ben Heppner, the NACO Woodwind Quintet, the Pacific Symphonic Wind Ensemble and the National Youth Orchestra of Canada. <mask> and his wife, Edna, live in Vancouver, close to their three children and six grandchildren.

masks:
Larry Nickel
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<mask> (born 10 October 1944) is a British historian, writer, broadcaster, traveller and adventurer. He specialises in the study of Jewish communities around the world, particularly in Africa, Asia and the Americas. Some of these communities have been recognised only since the late 20th century as having ancient Jewish origins. <mask> is Emeritus Professor of Modern Jewish Studies in the University of London at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), where he was the founding director of the Centre for Jewish Studies. He is now Senior Associate Fellow at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. He is Corresponding Senior Fellow of the Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer, Koninklijke Academie voor Overzeese Wetenschappen, Belgium and is on the Board as chair of the Academic Advisory Committee of the Paris-based Projet Aladin and is on the Committee of Experts of the New York-based Global Hope Coalition. He is a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society in the United Kingdom.He was appointed Distinguished Professor at Florida International University in 2012 and Distinguished University Professor in 2018. He is Alumni Fellow at the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard College. In 2011 he gave the Nathan Huggins Lectures at Harvard College, which were published by Harvard University Press. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Wales in 1944, the son of Vernon (a headmaster) and Margaret (Sears) <mask>. He was educated at Loughborough Grammar School in Leicestershire, England. In 1964 he spent a gap year with Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) in Jerusalem, where he worked with handicapped people, some of whom were Holocaust survivors. Upon his return to Britain, he studied Hebrew and Arabic at the University of Oxford and at the  Hebrew University of Jerusalem.In 1968 he was awarded the Goodenday Fellowship at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He completed a D.Phil. at Oxford with David Patterson and Albert Hourani, on the history of the Jews in Palestine and their relations with their Muslim neighbours. He expanded it for publication by the Royal Historical Society. Academic career

In 1972 Parfitt was appointed lecturer in Hebrew language, literature and history at the University of Toronto, Canada. In 1974 he was appointed  Parkes Fellow at the Parkes Institute for the Study of Jewish/non-Jewish Relations at the University of Southampton in England. Shortly afterward, he took up a lectureship in Modern Hebrew at SOAS.His first body of work interrogated the nature of the revival of the Hebrew language. [6]

Throughout the 1980s, Parfitt undertook covert lecture tours to Jewish Refusenik groups in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. In 1985 he spent several months visiting the various Jewish communities of Asia - including Thailand, Hong Kong, Singapore and Japan. In Japan he interested the Emperor's brother, Prince Mikasa, in the Jewish communities of the East. In 1987 he was asked by the Jewish community of Singapore to write an official history of the island's Jews. That same year he visited Syria to write about the situation of its Jewish community for the Minority Rights Group. He was arrested by the Syrian secret police, the Mukhabarat, during his trip.He describes these events in his first travel book, The Thirteenth Gate. In the early 1990s, <mask> conducted fieldwork in Yemen, researching its ancient Jewish community, and wrote a book on the subject. In The Road to Redemption, he said that the Yemenite Jews had emigrated to Israel as a result of extreme prejudice, persecution, legal disabilities and because of the rapidly changing economy of the Indian Ocean region. He also researched and presented a BBC documentary called The Last Exile on this subject. In 2002 he published his Lost Tribes of Israel: the History of a Myth. One of his themes is that the creation of Israelite and Judaic identities throughout the world, from the Americas to Papua New Guinea, was an innate feature of Western colonialism. Constructing unknown peoples as Jews was an insidious means of controlling them.In addition such constructed identities served as a means of explaining a wide range of religious and cultural manifestations. In some cases the colonial effort was supported by the idea that indigenous cultures were descended from the Lost Tribes of Israel. His work on marginal Jewish communities and aspiring Jewish communities throughout the world led to his being consulted by a Knesset select committee which eventually argued that the State of Israel should formulate new policies to address the aspirations of these 'lost tribes'. African Judaism

In 1984 <mask> was commissioned by the London-based Minority Rights Group to write a report on the Ethiopian Jews who had fled Ethiopia. They had migrated to escape persecution and famine, but were dying in large numbers in the refugee camps along the border between the Sudan and Ethiopia. His visits to the camps coincided with Israel's Operation Moses, which rescued thousands of Ethiopian Jews and took them to Israel. Parfitt's book on the operation Operation Moses was translated into many languages.He later was selected as the Vice-President of the Society for the Study of Ethiopian Jewry (SOSTEJE). Subsequently, he turned his attention to another black and apparently Jewish group: the Lemba tribe of southern Africa. They claimed descent from some ancient Jewish population. He published Journey to the Vanished City (1992) about his six-month journey throughout Africa. In a subsequent edition he traced the origins of the tribe to the eastern end of the Hadhramaut in Yemen. There he discovered the ancient city of Sena and the possible origins of the tribe in some migrating Jewish traders. TV programs about the discoveries, and major newspaper coverage, brought Parfitt international attention.He was nicknamed the British 'Indiana Jones,' after the film character. Seeking more data, in 1996 and later years Parfitt organised Y-DNA studies of Lemba males. These found a high proportion of paternal Semitic ancestry, DNA that is common to both Arabs and Jews from the Middle East. The work confirmed that the male line had descended from a few ancestors from southern Arabia. In recognition of this work, he was made corresponding fellow of the Académie Royale des Sciences d’Outre-Mer. The Lemba have a tradition of having brought a drum, or ngoma, from the Middle East centuries ago. Parfitt noted that their description of the ngoma was similar to that of the Biblical Ark of the Covenant.He observed that rabbinic sources maintain that there were two Arks of the Covenant: one the ceremonial Ark, covered with gold, which was eventually placed in the Holy of Holies in the Temple; the other the Ark of War, which had been carved from wood by Moses and was a relatively simple object. <mask> proposed that the Ark of War may have been taken by Jews across the Jordan River and, citing Islamic sources, suggests that they perhaps carried it as they migrated south, while under rule by Arab tribes. The Lemba claim to have brought their ark/ngoma from Arabia at some point in the past. In 2007, <mask> discovered an object he claimed was an ancient copy of the original ngoma. <mask> wrote The Lost Ark of the Covenant: Solving the 2,500 Year Old Mystery of the Fabled Biblical Ark (2008), documenting his findings. Associated documentaries were aired on Channel Four and the History Channel. The BBC reported that the discovery of the ngoma "instilled pride among many of the Lemba".In 2010 Parfitt was invited to address a symposium in Harare on the subject; attendees included the cabinet and vice-president John Nkomo. The ngoma has been exhibited at the Zimbabwe Museum of Human Sciences. Parfitt subsequently turned his interest to Jewish communities in India and the Pacific. His DNA work on the Bene Israel, the origins of whom were obscure, showed that they were descended from males from the Middle East, consistent with their oral histories of origin. These successes led other Judaising groups, including the Gogodala tribe of Papua New Guinea, to seek help in determining their own origins. Other work
Parfitt's pioneering work has contributed to the expanding study of the spread of Judaism and Judaising movements throughout the African continent. Parfitt's other academic interests have been: the Sephardi/Mizrahi communities of the Muslim world, Jewish-Muslim relations, Hebrew and Hebrew Literature, Judaising movements, Jewish genetic identity and the discourses surrounding it, and Jews in Asia and Africa.He has published widely on the margins of the Jewish world. His most recent work is on the history of race as it affected blacks and Jews. His book on the history of race as it affects Jews and Blacks — Hybrid Hate: Conflations of Antisemitism & Anti-Black Racism from the Renaissance to the Third Reich — was published by Oxford University Press in 2020. <mask> has published over 100 articles and written, edited or translated 30 books which have been translated into fifteen languages. Publications

Books
<mask>, T. (2020) Hybrid Hate: Conflations of Antisemitism & Anti-Black Racism from the Renaissance to the Third Reich, Oxford University Press
Parfitt, T., Miles W. and Lis D. eds. (2016) "The Shadow Of Moses: New Jewish Movements In Africa And The Diaspora", Africa World Press. Parfitt, T. and Fisher N. (editor).(2016). "Joining the Jewish People: New Jews and Emerging Jewish Communities in a Globalised World", Cambridge Scholars’ Press. <mask>, T. (2014) and Fromm Annette B., "Gogodala: Transition and Revival" Patricia and Philip Frost Art Museum, Florida International University. Parfitt, T. (2013) Miccolli D. and Trevisan-Semi, E., eds. Memory and Ethnicity: Ethnic Museums in Israel and the Diaspora, Cambridge Scholars’ Press
 Parfitt, T. (2013) Black Jews in Africa and the Americas, New York: Harvard University Press
 Parfitt, T. and E. Bruder. (2012) African Zion: Studies in Black Judaism, Cambridge Scholars' Press. Parfitt, T. (2008) The Lost Ark of the Covenant, London/New York: Harper Collins.<mask>, T. and Egorova, Y. (2005) Genetics, Mass Media, and Identity: A Case Study of the Genetic Research on the Lemba and Bene Israel, London: Routledge. Parfitt, T and Trevisan-Semi, E., (2005) The Jews of Ethiopia: the birth of an élite. London: Routledge. Parfitt T. (2004) The Lost Tribes of Israel: the History of a Myth, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <mask>, T. and Egorova, Y., (2003) Jews, Muslims and Mass Media : Mediating the Other, London: Routledge Curzon. Parfitt, T. and Trevisan Semi, E. (2002) Judaising Movements: Studies in the Margins of Judaism, London: Routledge Curzon.<mask>, T. (2000) Israel and Ishmael: Studies in Muslim-Jewish Relations, London: Curzon. <mask>, T. and Trevisan-Semi, E., (1999) The Beta Israel in Ethiopia and Israel: Studies on the Ethiopian Jews, London: Curzon. <mask>, T. (1996) The Road to Redemption: The Jews of the Yemen 1900–1950. Brill's Series in Jewish Studies vol. XVII. Leiden: Brill. <mask>, T. and Abramson G., (1995) Jewish education and learning: published in honour of Dr. David Patterson on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers. <mask>, T.,Kaplan, S. and Trevisan-Semi, E., (1995) Between Africa and Zion : proceedings of the First International Congress of the Society for the Study of Ethiopian Jewry. Jerusalem: Ben-Zvi Institute. <mask>, T. and Trevisan-Semi, E., eds. (1993) L'altro Visto Dall'altro. Letteratura Araba ed Ebraica a Confronto, Milan: Cortina Libreria. Parfitt, T. (1992) Journey to the Vanished City: the Search for a Lost Tribe of Israel, New York: Random House.<mask>, T. (1988) The Jews of Arab Countries and Iran, Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. <mask>, T. (1987) The Jews of Africa and Asia, London: Minority Rights Group
 <mask>, T. (1987) The Thirteenth Gate : Travels among the Lost Tribes of Israel, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. <mask>, T. (1987) The Jews in Palestine, 1800–1882, Royal Historical Society Studies in History (52). Woodbridge: Published for the Royal Historical Society by Boydell. <mask>, T. (1985) Operation Moses: The Untold Story of the Secret Exodus of the Falasha Jews from Ethiopia, London : Weidenfeld and Nicolson. <mask>, T. and Abramson, G., (1985) The Great transition : the recovery of the lost centres of modern Hebrew literature, Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Allanheld. <mask>, T. and Kessler D. (1985) The Falashas: the Jews of Ethiopia, London: Minority Rights Group.<mask>, T. and Abramson G. (1983) Great tranquillity: questions and answers [Translation from the Hebrew of Yehuda Amichai's Shalvah gedolah]. New York: Harper & Row. Documentaries
 <mask>, T. (2015) <mask>itt and the Lost Tribes of Israel: (Secrets of the Bible: Season 1, Episode 5) Director Tim Gaunt
 <mask>, (2013) T. TED-X talk exploring Religion, Genetics and Identity
Parfitt. T. (2013) The Lost Tribe PBS, WLRN channel 17 (about Parfitt's FIU Expedition to the Gogodala Tribe of Papua New Guinea): Director Tim Long
 <mask>, T. (2012) "The Black Jews of South Africa and the Lost Ark of the Covenant". (Issues of Faith) Director Eugene Botha. SABC. <mask>, T. (2008) Quest for the Lost Ark.Director Martin Kemp. Channel Four/ History Channel
 <mask>, T. (1999) To the Ends of the Earth: Search for the Sons of Abraham. Director Chris Hale. Channel Four / NOVA
 Parfitt, T. (1993) The Longest Exile, BBC Producer Julian Hale
 <mask>, T. (1992) King Solomon’s Tribe, BBC Producer Julian Hale
 <mask>, T. (1988) The Twice Promised Land, Three-part documentary to mark the 40th anniversary of the State of Israel, BBC, Producer Steve Sackur

References

External links
 Nova Program on <mask>'s Remarkable Journey

British anthropologists
1944 births
Welsh Africanists
Historians of Africa
British historians
Historians of Jews and Judaism
Living people
People educated at Loughborough Grammar School
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Academics of SOAS University of London
University of Toronto faculty
Academics of the University of Southampton
People associated with The Institute for Cultural Research
Fellows of the Royal Historical Society

masks:
Tudor Parfitt
Parfitt
Parfitt
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Tudor Parf
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Tudor Parfitt


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Pausanias  (; died c. 477 BC) was a Spartan regent and a general. In 479 BC, as a leader of the Hellenic League's combined land forces, Pausanias won a pivotal victory in the Battle of Plataea ending the Second Persian invasion of Greece. One year after the victories over Persians and Persian allies, Pausanias fell under suspicion of conspiring with the Persian king, Xerxes I to betray Greeks and died in 477 BC in Sparta starved to death by fellow citizens. What is known of his life is largely according to Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War, Diodorus' Bibliotheca historica and a handful of other classical sources. Early life
Pausanias like all Spartan citizens (Spartiate), would have gone through the intense training from his early childhood at the age of seven and be a regular soldier until the age of thirty. Pausanias was from the royal house Agiads, and even with royal blood and belonging to the one of the royal families that did not exempt him from going through the same training as every other citizen. As every male Spartan citizen earned their citizenship by dedicating their lives to their polis and its laws.Spartan lineage

As a son of the regent Cleombrotus and a nephew of the recently deceased warrior king, Leonidas I, Pausanias was a scion of the Spartan royal house of the Agiads, but not in the direct line of succession as he was not the first born son of one of the Kings of Sparta. After Leonidas' death, while the king's son Pleistarchus was still in his minority, Pausanias served as regent of Sparta. Pausanias was also the father of Pleistoanax who later became king. Pausanias' other sons were Cleomenes and Nasteria. War service

Pausanias was leader of the Spartan army alongside Euryanax son of Dorieus, as the King of Sparta Pleistarchos son of Leonidas I was too young to command. Pausanias led 5000 Spartans to the aid of the Hellenic League created to resist the Persian invasion. At the Hellenes encampment at Platea 110,000 men were assembled along the Asopos River, and further down the river Mardonius, commander of the Persian forces stationed 300,000 Persian forces alongside potentially 50,000 Greek allies.After eleven days of both sides not making the first move, and Mardonius finding out that Pausanias had ordered the Spartans and Athenians to switch ranks to counter the most favorable opponent Mardonius offered a challenge that was refused with no answer. With no answer to the challenge Mardonius ordered his cavalry to pollute the Asopos from which the Hellenes get their water, so they decide in the night to head to Platea. The forces led by Pausanias headed through the ridges and foothills of the Cithaeron while the Athenian forces headed the opposite direction into the Plains. Mardonius believes the Hellenes are fleeing, so with no formation in mind he sends his military to charge after Pausanias and sends a dispatch of Hellene Greek allies after the Athenians. With the battle commencing Pausanias sends a messenger to ask for Athenian aid, but they cannot send any, so Pausanias with 50,000 Lacedaemonians and 3,000 Tegeans prepared for battle at Platea. Pausanias led the Greeks to victory over the Persians and Persian allies led by Mardonius at the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC. While the Battle of Plataea is sometimes seen as a chaotic battle, others see evidence of both strategic and tactical skill on the part of Pausanias in delaying the engagement until the point where Spartan arms and discipline could have maximum impact.Herodotus concluded that "Pausanias the son of Cleombrotus and grandson of Anaxandridas won the most glorious victory of any known to us". After the victories at Plataea and the Battle of Mycale, the Spartans lost interest in liberating the Greek cities of Asia Minor until it became clear that Athens would dominate the League in Sparta's absence. Sparta then sent Pausanias back to command the Greek military. Suspected pact with Persia

In 478 BC, Pausanias was accused of conspiring with the Persians and recalled to Sparta. One allegation was that after capturing Cyprus and Byzantium Pausanias released some of the prisoners of war who were friends and relatives of the king of Persia. Pausanias argued that the prisoners simply escaped. Another allegation was that Pausanias sent a letter via Gongylos of Eretria (Diodorus has general Artabazos I of Phrygia as a mediator) to Xerxes I saying he wished to help Xerxes and bring Sparta with the rest of Greece under Persian control.In return, Pausanias wished to marry Xerxes's daughter. After Xerxes replied agreeing to his plans, Pausanias started to adopt Persian customs and dress like a Persian aristocrat. Due to lack of evidence, Pausanias was acquitted and left Sparta on his own accord, taking a trireme from the town of Hermione. According to Thucydides and Plutarch Athenians and many Hellenic League allies were displeased with Pausanias because of Pausanias' arrogance and high-handedness. In 477 BC, the Spartans recalled Pausanias once again. Pausanias went to Kolonai in the Troad before returning to Sparta. Upon arrival to Sparta, the ephors imprisoned, but later released Pausanias.At first, nobody had enough evidence to convict Pausanias of disloyalty, even though some helots reported that Pausanias offered freedom if helots joined in revolt. Later, one of the messengers Pausanias used to communicate with Persians provided written evidence (a letter stating Pausanias' intentions) to Spartan ephors. Diodorus adds further detail to Thucydides' account. After ephors were loath to believe the letter provided by the messenger, the messenger offered to produce Pausanias' acknowledgement in person. In the letter Pausanias asked Persians to kill the messenger. The messenger and the ephors went to the Temple of Poseidon (Tainaron). Ephors concealed themselves in a tent at the shrine and the messenger waited for Pausanias.When Pausanias arrived, the messenger confronted Pausanias asking why did the letter say to kill whoever delivered the letter. Pausanias said that he was sorry and asked the messenger to forgive the mistake. Pausanias offered gifts to the messenger. Ephors heard the conversation from the tent. Herodotus notes that Athenians were hostile to Pausanias and wished Pausanias removed from Greek command, with his Athenian counterpart Themistocles publicly ostracizing him as a threat to democracy. A. R. Burn speculates that Spartans became concerned with Pausanias' innovatory views on freeing the Helots. Death

According to Thucydides, Diodorus and Polyaenus, pursued by ephors, Pausanias took refuge in the temple of  Athena "of the Brazen House" (Χαλκίοικος, Chalkioikos) (located in the acropolis of Sparta).Pausanias' mother Theano () immediately went to the temple, and laid a brick at the door saying: "Unworthy to be a Spartan, you are not my son", (According to ). Following the mother's example, the Spartans blocked the doorway with bricks and forced Pausanias to die of starvation. After Pausanias' body was turned over to relatives for burial, the divinity through the Oracle of Delphi showed displeasure at the violation of the sanctity of suppliants. The oracle said that <mask> demanded return of the suppliant. Unable to carry out the injunction of the goddess, the Spartans set up two bronze statues of Pausanias at the temple of <mask>. Legacy

Pausanias is a central figure in the "Pausanias, the betrayer of his country a tragedy, acted at the Theatre Royal by His Majesties servants" by Richard Norton and <mask>e. See also
Cleomenes I
Themistocles
Thermopylae

Notes

External links
Livius, Pausanias by Jona Lendering

Ancient Spartan generals
Rulers of Sparta
5th-century BC Spartans
Spartans of the Greco-Persian Wars
Deaths by starvation
Medism
Battle of Plataea
Year of birth unknown
477 BC deaths
Regents
Agiad dynasty

masks:
Athena
Athena
Thomas Southern


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<mask> (28 April 1948 – 17 February 2021) was an English-American football left winger. He began as a youth player with Blackpool before moving to the United States to join the Dallas Tornado of the North American Soccer League in 1968. He also spent time with Margate F.C. and Rhyl F.C. He earned two caps with the U.S. national team in 1973 despite not being a U.S. citizen at the time. Finally, he coached the Dallas Tornado in 1981. Playing career
<mask> grew up in Manchester before signing with Blackpool.He never cracked the first-team lineup but played regularly for the youth team against the likes of Manchester United, Liverpool and Everton. In 1967 at age 19, he answered a newspaper advertisement looking for top class young players interested in moving to the United States to play professional soccer. He sufficiently impressed Bob Kap at the trial to be offered a position with the Dallas Tornado of the newly established North American Soccer League. That team started pre-season training in Madrid, Spain in August 1967 before embarking on an unprecedented seven-month, twenty-nine-game world tour visiting over twenty countries. He gained a starting position with the Tornado during the 1968 season. At the end of the season, the league was in danger of collapsing and <mask> returned to England, where he gained a trial with Margate F.C. He played one game, a Southern Football League Cup tie with Ashford F.C.on 23 December 1968, but decided to return to the north of England. He then moved to League of Wales club Rhyl F.C. for the remainder of the 1968–69 season. He returned to the Tornado in the summer of 1969 and remained with it until he retired in 1976. In 1971, the Tornado won the NASL championship over the Atlanta Chiefs. <mask> scored the winning goal in the third, and deciding, game of the series, the only outdoor professional championship ever won by a Dallas soccer team. In 1975, he was in the starting line-up for the Dallas Tornado against the New York Cosmos in Pele's first game for New York (a 2–2 tie) later that season he scored against Pele's Cosmos in a 3–2 Tornado win at Texas Stadium.On a personal level, he was a second team All Star in 1970 and an honorable mention in 1971 and 1972. <mask> was plagued with bad knees for several years and in 1976, doctors advised him that he could no longer play without risking lifelong damage. He took their advice and stopped playing professionally. In addition to his outdoor career, <mask> also played indoor soccer with the Tornado. He was named the MVP of the NASL's first ever indoor tournament in 1971. He led the tournament in scoring with two goals and an assist in two games. A few years later he scored a hat trick against Philadelphia Atoms in a nationally televised game and was then named to the All Tournament team during the 1975 NASL Indoor tournament played at the Cow Palace in San Francisco.<mask> went on to earn an 'A' coaching licence from the United States Soccer Federation, the highest qualification available in the United States. National team
In 1973, <mask> earned two full caps with the U.S. national team when he was called up for a tour of Europe. His first game was a 4-0 loss to Bermuda on 17 March 1973. He came on for Dave Coskunian. His second was a 4-0 loss to Poland three days later. In addition to these two games, he also played four games for the United States against under 23 national teams (Poland and Germany) and club teams, including Lazio in Rome, Italy. The U.S. Soccer Federation had failed to check <mask>'s citizenship before the tour, assuming that he had gained it since he had been in the U.S. for five years.They discovered that he was neither a U.S. citizen and was in the country with an expired work visa when the team went through the immigration check returning from Europe. Years later when asked if he knew he was ineligible to play for the U.S. <mask> stated, "Of course I knew, I just figures 'what the hell, I guess they know what they're doing'. I loved playing for the USA." Coaching
In 1977, Tornado coach Al Miller brought <mask> in as his assistant. In 1980, Miller quit the team and <mask> was promoted to head coach. Quietly, Lamar Hunt had decided to fold the Tornado at the end of the 1981 season and he was reluctant to spend much money on new acquisitions. The Tornado had also lost two of their best American players, Tony Bellinger and Steve Petcher (three had to be on the field at all times) to the new MISL (Major Indoor Soccer League).A 3rd American, and the team's leading scorer from the previous season, Njego Pesa held out for a new contract and missed all of pre-season and the start of the regular season. Thus the team was much weakened going into the 1981 season. <mask> lasted half the season but was fired on 4 July 1980 after the team, having started with two wins in their first three games, failed to win for sixteen straight games. <mask> remained in the Dallas area, raised a family and became involved in youth soccer. <mask> earned an "A" level licence from the United States Soccer Federation, the highest licence available in the United States. Post soccer career
<mask> did color commentary, with Norm Hitzges doing play-by-play, for the Dallas Sidekicks of the Major Indoor Soccer League. He and Hitzges were nominated for an ESPY award for the best sports commentary of 1987 for covering the MISL title game on HSE (Home Sports Entertainment) (SIDENOTE: The ESPY Awards were not in existence until 1993).<mask> co-owned a wine-import business with former Tornado goalkeeper Kenny Cooper, Sr. and continued to have a strong interest in the antique furniture business. <mask> stayed very involved in the development of youth soccer in the North Texas area and coached at a well-known Dallas private school. <mask> coached the women's varsity soccer team to four consecutive SPC State Championships in 2014/15/16 and 17. <mask> was named, in an article in the Fort Worth Star Telegram, as one of the ten most influential people in North Texas soccer history (notation requested). He was also mentioned in a Dallas Morning News article as being one of the eleven best all-time Dallas Tornado players. (notation requested)

He died on 17 February 2021 at the age of 72. References

External links
 Dallas newspaper profile of <mask>
 Margate bio
 NASL stats

1948 births
2021 deaths
American soccer coaches
American soccer players
Blackpool F.C.players
Dallas Tornado players
English footballers
English expatriate footballers
English emigrants to the United States
Margate F.C. players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) coaches
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Footballers from Manchester
United States men's international soccer players
Association football forwards
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) commentators
Place of death missing

masks:
Michael Lawrence Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
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Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Renshaw
Mike Renshaw
Renshaw


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<mask> (born <mask>; February 5, 1962) is an American actress and producer. She began her career on television during the 1970s before making her film breakthrough as Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982). She later received critical praise for her performances in Last Exit to Brooklyn (1989), Miami Blues (1990), Backdraft (1991), Single White Female (1992), and Short Cuts (1993). <mask> was nominated for a Golden Globe for her portrayal of Dorothy Parker in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994). She starred in a 1995 film written by her mother, screenwriter Barbara Turner, titled Georgia. In 2001, she co-wrote and co-directed a film with Alan Cumming titled The Anniversary Party. In 2002, <mask> appeared in the neo-noir crime drama film Road to Perdition.In 2007, she starred in the family drama film Margot at the Wedding. She had a recurring role on the Showtime comedy-drama series Weeds as Jill Price-Gray. In 2015, she received critical acclaim for her voice work as Lisa in Charlie Kaufman's Anomalisa, and for her role as Daisy Domergue in Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight, for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. From 2017 to 2021, she starred in the Netflix comedy-drama series Atypical. <mask> starred in the science-fiction horror films, Annihilation (2018) and Possessor (2020). For her stage work, <mask> was nominated for a Drama Desk award for her off-Broadway performance as Beverly Moss in <mask>'s Abigail's Party. Her Broadway debut occurred in 1998, when she became the replacement for the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret.Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Vic Morrow (born Victor Morozoff), was an actor, and her mother, Barbara Turner, was a screenwriter. Her parents divorced when she was two. <mask>'s birth name was <mask> Morrow. She changed her surname early in her acting career, taking the middle name "<mask>" in honor of actor <mask>, a family friend. <mask>'s parents were Jewish; her father's family was from Russia and her mother's from Austria. <mask> is the middle child of three sisters.Her older sister, Carrie Ann Morrow, who was credited as a "technical advisor" on her 1995 film Georgia, died in 2016. <mask> also has a half-sister, actress Mina Badie (born 'Badiyi' – from her mother's second marriage). Badie acted alongside <mask> in The Anniversary Party. Film director Reza Badiyi became <mask>'s stepfather when he married <mask>'s mother, Barbara. Career

1976–1989
<mask> had a nonspeaking role at the age of nine for her film debut Death of a Stranger (The Execution) (1973). At the age of fourteen, she attended acting workshops, taught by Lee Strasberg, and the Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Training Center in Loch Sheldrake, New York. Afterwards, she landed a role in the film The Young Runaways (1978).She also appeared in an episode of Baretta and an episode of The Waltons. Several television films followed, including a portrayal of an anorexic teenager in The Best Little Girl in the World, for which <mask> dropped to  under medical supervision. She made her big-screen debut playing a blind, deaf, and mute rape victim in the 1981 slasher film Eyes of a Stranger; she quit school to star in the film. In 1982, <mask> played a teenager who gets pregnant in the Cameron Crowe-scripted high-school comedy film Fast Times at Ridgemont High, which served as a launching pad for several of its young stars. While decrying the writing as sexist and exploitative, film critic Roger Ebert was enthusiastic about the acting, singling out <mask> and writing, "Don't they know they have a star on their hands?" With the exception of Ridgemont High and a supporting role in the 1983 comedy film Easy Money alongside Rodney Dangerfield, <mask>'s early film work consisted of playing fragile, damaged, or neurotic characters in low-budget horror or thriller genre films. She played a virginal princess kidnapped and raped by mercenaries in Flesh and Blood (1985), an innocent waitress pursued by the psychopathic title character in The Hitcher (1986) (both films pitting her alongside Rutger Hauer), and a young woman on the verge of a nervous breakdown in Heart of Midnight (1989).1990–1999
In 1990, <mask> made a significant career breakthrough when she was awarded New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of two very different prostitutes: the tough streetwalker Tralala who is brutally gang-raped in Last Exit to Brooklyn, and Susie, a teenage prostitute who falls in love with ex-con Alec Baldwin in Miami Blues. Roger Ebert included Last Exit in his list of Best Movies of 1990, calling <mask>'s performance brave, though his review of Miami Blues was much less sympathetic, simultaneously criticizing <mask> Streep of bimbos". <mask> was then cast in her first mainstream Hollywood studio film, the firefighter drama Backdraft (1991), in which she played a more conventional role, the girlfriend of lead actor William Baldwin. <mask> found more success in the gritty crime drama Rush (1991), portraying an undercover cop who becomes a junkie and falls in love with her partner, played by <mask>. Her next film, Single White Female (1992), was a surprise box-office success, bringing <mask> to her largest mainstream audience yet, portraying a mentally ill woman who terrorizes roommate Bridget Fonda. <mask> was awarded the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain at the 1993 MTV Movie Awards and nominated for Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress.<mask> co-starred with Kathy Bates as a tormented, pill-popping woman hiding a history of childhood sexual abuse in the adaptation of Stephen King's novel Dolores Claiborne (1995). <mask> achieved her greatest acclaim in the role of Sadie Flood, an angry, drug-addicted rock singer living in the shadow of her successful older sister (Mare Winningham), in Georgia (1995). For the role, <mask> dropped to  and sang all of her songs live, including a rambling -minute version of Van Morrison's "Take Me Back". Georgia was met with critical praise. James Berardinelli wrote, "There are times when it's uncomfortable to watch this performance because it's so powerful", and Janet Maslin of The New York Times described <mask>'s "fierce, risk-taking performance and flashes of overwhelming honesty". <mask> won New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and Best Actress from the Montreal World Film Festival, as well as an Independent Spirit Award nomination and Sensual Knife fight nomination  Some expressed surprise that she was not nominated for an Academy Award, while Winningham was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Throughout the 1990s, <mask> worked with many independent film directors.She worked with Robert Altman in Short Cuts (1993), playing a phone-sex operator, and Kansas City (1996), as a streetwise kidnapper. <mask> has expressed admiration for Altman and called him her mentor. In a change of pace from her "bad girl" roles, <mask> played the fast-talking reporter Amy Archer in the Coen Brothers' comic homage to 1950s comedy, The Hudsucker Proxy (1994). <mask> took her first lead role as the writer and critic Dorothy Parker in Alan Rudolph's film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994). She received a Golden Globe Award nomination and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, as well as Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and Fort Lauderdale Film Critics Best Actress Award. In another change of pace, she starred in Agnieszka Holland's version of the Henry James novel Washington Square (1997), as a mousy 19th-century heiress courted by a gold digger. In 1998, she appeared alongside Campbell Scott in the Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie The Love Letter.In David Cronenberg's eXistenZ (1999), she played a virtual-reality game designer who becomes lost in her own creation. 2000–2009
<mask> had a brief role as a doomed gangster's wife in Sam Mendes's Road to Perdition (2002) and co-starred as Meg Ryan's brutally murdered sister in Jane Campion's erotic thriller In the Cut (2003). She went on to play Stevie, the prostitute girlfriend of Christian Bale's character in the dark thriller The Machinist (2004). Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle commented that "As the downtrodden, sexy, trusting, and quietly funny prostitute, <mask> is, of course, in her element". Her performance as a manipulative stage mother in Don McKellar's film Childstar won her a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in 2005. After many years of wanting to be in a Todd Solondz film, she appeared in Palindromes (2004). She also appeared in the psychological thriller The Jacket (2005), alongside Adrien Brody and Keira Knightley.<mask> appeared in the 2008 ensemble film Synecdoche, New York and has acted in two films written and directed by her then-partner Noah Baumbach: Margot at the Wedding, co-starring Nicole Kidman, and Greenberg. <mask> has said that the roles were not specifically written for her, as Baumbach does not write roles with actors in mind. In 2009, <mask> was cast in the Showtime comedy-drama series Weeds, becoming a regular guest in the eighth season. <mask> has received three separate career tributes: at the Telluride Film Festival in 1993, a special award for her contribution to independent cinema from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2002, and a week-long retrospective of her film work held by the American Cinematheque at Los Angeles's Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in 2001. 2010–present
<mask> joined the drama series Revenge on ABC in 2012. In 2015, <mask> starred in Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight. The film, a Western set in Wyoming after the Civil War, was released on December 25.<mask>, along with the rest of the cast, appeared at the San Diego Comic-Con to promote the film in July 2015. <mask>'s performance has received multiple award nominations at various award ceremonies, including her third Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, her first BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. In 2019, she appeared in two episodes of Showtime's last season of The Affair. Stage roles
In 1998, <mask> took on the lead role of Sally Bowles in Sam Mendes's Broadway revival of the musical Cabaret, succeeding Natasha Richardson, who originated the role in Mendes's production. She succeeded Mary-Louise Parker in the lead role in Proof on Broadway in 2001. Her other theatrical appearances include The Glass Menagerie, Man of Destiny, The Shadow Box, Picnic, Sunshine and Abigail's Party. In 2011, she played Bunny in the Broadway revival of House of Blue Leaves in New York City alongside Ben Stiller and Edie Falco.Writing and directing
In 2001, <mask> co-wrote and co-directed The Anniversary Party, an independently produced feature film about a recently reconciled married couple who assemble their friends at their Hollywood Hills house, ostensibly to celebrate their sixth wedding anniversary. As the evening progresses, the party disintegrates into emotional confrontations and bitter arguments as the façade of their happy marriage crumbles. <mask> was inspired by her recent experience filming the low-budget Dogme 95 film The King Is Alive. <mask> and co-writer Alan Cumming drew freely from their personal experiences in the writing of the film. <mask> plays an aging actress who makes jokes about her lack of Academy Award nominations and is fearful of losing her bisexual husband (Cumming). The film was shot in 19 days on digital video, and costarred the pair's real-life Hollywood friends, including Kevin Kline, Phoebe Cates, Gwyneth Paltrow, <mask>, John C. Reilly, Parker Posey, and <mask>'s sister Mina Badie. <mask> and Cumming jointly received a citation for Excellence in Filmmaking from the National Board of Review, and were nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature and Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.The movie received generally positive reviews. Other work
<mask> filmed a role in Stanley Kubrick's final film Eyes Wide Shut (1999) as a grieving patient of Dr. Bill Harford (Tom Cruise) who declares her love for him after her father's death. Kubrick wanted to reshoot the scenes, but <mask> was unavailable due to scheduling conflicts with eXistenZ; instead, her scenes were cut. <mask> was originally cast as Vincent Gallo's girlfriend in his self-directed film The Brown Bunny, and was apparently prepared to perform oral sex on Gallo as the script required. <mask> subsequently commented that "it just didn't work out" and the role was eventually played by Chloë Sevigny. In 1997, she was featured in Faith No More's music video for "Last Cup of Sorrow". She was selected as one of "America's 10 Most Beautiful Women" by Harper's Bazaar magazine in 1989 and served as a jury member at the 57th Venice International Film Festival in 2000.Personal life
In 1982, <mask>'s father, Vic Morrow, was accidentally killed along with two child actors when a helicopter stunt went wrong during the filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie. <mask> and her sister filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Warner Bros., John Landis, and Steven Spielberg. They settled out of court a year later and the terms of the settlement have never been made public. <mask> has described herself as shy, introverted, and averse to Hollywood publicity and scandal. Speaking about her roles in smaller, independent films, she said, "I'd much rather be in a movie that people have really strong feelings about than one that makes a hundred million dollars but you can't remember because it's just like all the others." She met independent film writer-director Noah Baumbach in 2001 while starring on Broadway in Proof. The couple married on September 2, 2005.Their son was born on March 17, 2010. <mask> filed for divorce on November 15, 2010, in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences. She sought spousal support as well as primary custody of the couple's son, with visitation for Baumbach. The divorce was finalized in September 2013. Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

References

Further reading

 "Anima Animus: <mask> <mask>'s Bisexual Method in Last Exit to Brooklyn" by Ian Murphy (article in Alphaville journal)

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Internet Off-Broadway Database
 In-depth interview at Museum of Moving Image in 1994
 Article in Alphaville journal

1962 births
Living people
Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles
American child actresses
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American women film producers
American women screenwriters
Best Supporting Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Film producers from California
Jewish American actresses
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni
Screenwriters from California
Volpi Cup winners
Writers from Los Angeles
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Jennifer Jason Leigh
Jennifer Leigh Morrow
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Mike Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Jennifer Leigh
Jason
Jason Robards
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leighryl
Leigh
Leigh
Jason Patric
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Jennifer Beals
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Jennifer Jason
Leigh
Jennifer Jason
Leigh


texts:
<mask> (also known as Maureen) (1 October 1903 – 23 January 1983), code named Claudine, was an agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) organization during World War II in France. The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in countries occupied by the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany. SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. <mask> was the only known female agent of SOE to have a baby while working in France during the war. The father was her organiser (leader), Claude de Baissac. The couple later married. Early life

<mask> was born in Ireland, the daughter of Brigadier General <mask>.She had a university degree in art and spoke French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Arabic. At the outbreak of the war, <mask> was working in the British Embassy in Warsaw. Later she was a civilian translator in the Air Ministry in London. She joined the WAAF at RAF Innsworth on 19 September 1941 as a General Duties and Intelligence Clerk. She was released at her own request from the WAAF so she could join the SOE in March 1942. <mask> was the first WAAF officer to volunteer for the SOE. At 39 years of age, she was older than the average SOE female agent.She was tall and slender with fair hair, very religious, and had the virtue, in the view of SOE, of being inconspicuous. Special Operations Executive

<mask> trained as a courier with the second group of SOE women agents, including Odette Sansom, Jacqueline Nearne and Lise de Baissac. Following her training, she travelled by submarine from England to Gibraltar, and then by felucca, landing on the southern coast of France the night of 31 October 1942. She met with other SOE agents in Cannes and then proceeded onward by train to Bordeaux where she met with de Baissac, the leader of the Scientist network of SOE. Scientist was one of SOE's most promising networks, organizing and arming resistance groups and carrying out intelligence operations in a large area of southwestern France. As a courier <mask> traveled widely by bicycle and train, liaising with the different groups of the French Resistance, carrying messages, documents, money, and wireless parts, acting as a post-office box for the members of the network, and seeking out safe houses and potential recruits. On one occasion when she was struggling to carry a heavy wireless set in a suitcase, a chivalrous German officer carried it for her onto a train.During her travels, <mask> became friends with de Baissac's sister Lise who was an SOE agent in Poitiers. In June 1943, the Germans penetrated the Prosper network in Paris and arrested many SOE agents and hundreds of their French contacts. As Scientist had links with Prosper, the Germans also dismantled Scientist, and the SOE agents, including <mask>, went into hiding. De Baissac requested or was ordered to return to England to avoid arrest and he and his sister, Lise, flew back on a Westland Lysander from a clandestine airfield on the night of 16/17 August. <mask> was pregnant by this time and Roger Landes, the Scientist network's efficient wireless operator, was furious that de Baissac had taken his sister with him to England and left <mask> behind. <mask> had hidden her pregnancy until she learned that de Baissac was not coming back to Bordeaux. She told Landes who ordered her to cease all clandestine activities and installed her in a nursing home in the suburbs of Bordeaux where she had a daughter she named Claudine in early December 1943.With her daughter she left the nursing home and moved into an apartment in Poitiers that Lise de Baissac had rented. Arrest

On 18 February 1944, <mask> was arrested in her apartment in Poitiers. The German Gestapo had found out that Lise de Baissac was an SOE agent and that the apartment had been rented to her. The Germans initially thought that <mask> was de Baissac. The Germans imprisoned <mask>, leaving the baby with her maid. French Social Services put the child in a orphanage. Under interrogation, <mask> kept to her cover story and denied that she knew de Baissac.Her accented French, she said, was because she had lived in Egypt and spoke Arabic. She protested her innocence saying she knew nothing of the woman who had rented the apartment before her, that she had only been there a few weeks, and it was hardly likely that an SOE agent would have just given birth to a baby. In prison, <mask> was put into solitary confinement for 24 hours, but otherwise was not badly treated. The prison was "very clean and the inmates had a bath every Saturday." She was released at Easter and her belongings given back to her, except for a ring. She returned to the prison the next day and the ring was returned to her "with apologies." The hunt for her child was long, but she finally found her in the convent and persuaded the nuns that she had been arrested unfairly and the child was returned to her.Found
<mask> and her daughter, Claudine, moved to a country house near Poitiers. In September 1944, Claude and Lise de Baissac were back in France, now liberated from German control, as part of the Judex mission which aimed to locate lost and captured SOE agents and the French people who had helped them. SOE had lost all contact with <mask>. The de Baissac's traced <mask> from Bordeaux to Poitiers and found her and her daughter living in a farm house. They then returned to England with <mask> and Claudine. De Baissac married <mask> on 11 November 1944, but it was apparently a marriage only of propriety as the couple did not live together. Later life
De Baissac and <mask> were divorced in 1960.<mask> bought a small house in Frant, Sussex and gave French lessons for a living. Her daughter Claudine immigrated to the United States and married an airline pilot. <mask> died with her daughter at her side on 23 January 1983 of pneumonia. Honours and awards

<mask> was awarded the Croix de Guerre by France, but unlike many of her SOE colleagues, received no British award. References

Bibliography
 Liane Jones, A Quiet Courage: Women Agents in the French Resistance, London, Transworld Publishers Ltd, 1990. Marucs Binney, The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE in the Second World War, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 2002. 1903 births
1983 deaths
Female wartime spies
Special Operations Executive personnel
Women's Auxiliary Air Force airwomen
Women's Auxiliary Air Force officers
Deaths from pneumonia in England
People from Frant

masks:
Mary Katherine Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Edmund Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Mary Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert


texts:
<mask> (; born Karl Lämmle; January 17, 1867 – September 24, 1939) was a German-American film producer and the co-founder and, until 1934, owner of Universal Pictures. He produced or worked on over 400 films. Regarded as one of the most important of the early film pioneers, <mask> was born in what is now Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1884 and worked in Chicago for 20 years before he began buying nickelodeons, eventually expanding into a film distribution service, the Laemmle Film Service, then into production as Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), later renamed Universal Film Manufacturing Company, and later still renamed Universal Pictures Company. Life and career
<mask> was born in 1867 to a Jewish family in Laupheim, in the German Kingdom of Württemberg. As a youth, he was an apprentice in Ichenhausen. He followed his older brother and immigrated to the United States in 1884, settling in Chicago, where he married Recha Stern, with whom he had a son, <mask>, Jr. and a daughter, <mask> (later married to Stanley Bergerman).<mask> became a naturalized American citizen in 1889. He worked a variety of jobs, but by 1894 he was the bookkeeper of the Continental Clothing Company in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where he introduced a bolder advertising style. In 1906, <mask> quit his job and started one of the first motion picture theaters in Chicago, and quickly branched out into film exchange services. He challenged Thomas Edison's monopoly on moving pictures (the Motion Picture Patents Company) under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. As part of his offensive against Edison's company, Laemmle began advertising individual "stars," such as Mary Pickford and Florence Lawrence, thus increasing their individual earning power, and thus their willingness to side with the "Independents." After moving to New York, <mask> got involved in producing movies, forming Independent Moving Pictures (IMP); the city was the site of many new movie-related businesses. On April 30, 1912, in New York, Laemmle brought together Pat Powers of Powers Motion Picture Company, Mark Dintenfass of Champion Film Company, William Swanson of Rex Motion Picture Company, David Horsley of Nestor Film Company, and Charles Baumann and Adam Kessel of the New York Motion Picture Company, to merge their companies with IMP as the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, with <mask> assuming the role of president.They founded the Company with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century. On March 15, 1915 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km2) converted farm in the San Fernando Valley, just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Universal maintained two East Coast offices: The first was located at 1600 Broadway, New York City. This building, initially known as The Studebaker building, was razed around 2004 or 2005. The second location to house Universal's executive offices was at 730 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Many years later, 445 Park Avenue was the location of Universal's executive offices. In 1916, Laemmle sponsored the $3,000 three-foot-tall solid silver Universal Trophy for the winner of the annual Universal race at the Uniontown Speedway board track in southwestern Pennsylvania.Universal filmed each race from 1916 to 1922. After moving to California, Laemmle purchased as a residence for his family the former home of film pioneer Thomas Ince on Benedict Canyon Drive, Beverly Hills. The house was razed in the early 1940s. Laemmle also maintained a large apartment for himself and his two children at 465 West End Avenue, New York City, one block off Riverside Drive near the Hudson River. <mask>, although having made hundreds of movies in his active years as a producer (1909–1934), is remembered for The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923), The Phantom of The Opera (1925), both with Lon Chaney Sr. in the title role, and The Man Who Laughs (1928) and most of the early sound horror films, such as Dracula (1931) and Frankenstein (1931), with his son <mask>. before they were removed from the company he founded by a hostile takeover. He briefly resumed distribution with a partner, Michael Mindlin, specializing in foreign films as CL Imports, in the mid-1930s, but for the most part remained in secluded retirement until his death. <mask> died from cardiovascular disease on September 24, 1939 in Beverly Hills, California, at the age of 72.<mask> was entombed in the Chapel Mausoleum at Home of Peace Cemetery. Legacy and honors
Laemmle remained connected to his home town of Laupheim throughout his life, providing financial support to it and also by sponsoring hundreds of Jews from Laupheim and Württemberg to emigrate from Nazi Germany to the United States in the 1930s, paying both emigration and immigration fees, thus saving them from the Holocaust. To ensure and facilitate their immigration, Laemmle contacted American authorities, members of the House of Representatives and Secretary of State Cordell Hull. He also intervened to try to secure entry for the refugees on board the , who were ultimately sent back from Havana to Europe in 1939, where many were murdered in the Holocaust. Asked how to pronounce his name, he told The Literary Digest, "The name means little lamb, and is pronounced as if it were spelled 'lem-lee'." His niece, Rebekah <mask>, known professionally as <mask>, appeared in several films until her retirement from acting at the end of the 1930s. His great-nephew, <mask>, is a well-known resident of Darwin, CA, and was featured in the 2011 documentary Darwin: No Services Ahead.His great-grandniece, Antonia <mask>, talks about him at length in her web series Universally Me, about the history of Universal Studios. The poet Ogden Nash observed the following about <mask>'s habit of giving his son and nephews top executive positions in his studios:

"Uncle <mask>le
Has a very large faemmle." Representation in other media
Harold Robbins, a former Universal Studios employee, based a main character in the novel The Dream Merchants (1949) on <mask>le. Laemmle was featured as an historical character in the movie The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones. David Menefee's novel, Sweet Memories (2012), features <mask> as a character. See also
History of the Jews in Laupheim
Laemmle Theatres

References

Further reading

External links

  — Biography sponsored by the Transatlantic Program of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
Official Laemmle family website
Universal Studios Archives & Collections
The Jewish Past of Laupheim

Carl Laemmle at Virtual History
 A 9 minute video produced by Universal City Studios from 2013

American film producers
American film studio executives
American film production company founders
Film producers from California
1867 births
1939 deaths
Universal Pictures
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Burials at Home of Peace Cemetery
German emigrants to the United States
19th-century German Jews
People from Laupheim
People from Beverly Hills, California
Film exhibitors
NBCUniversal people

masks:
Carl Laemmle
Laemmle
Laemmle
Carl Laemmle
Rosabelle Laemmle Bergerman
Laemmle
Laemmle
Carl Laemmle
Laemmle
Laemmle
Carl Jr
Laemmle
Laemmle
Isabelle Laemmle
Carla Laemmle
Michael Laemmle
Carlotta
Laemmle
Carl Laemm
Carl Laemm
Carl Laemmle


texts:
<mask> (born October 19, 1990 in Santo Domingo) is a female volleyball player from the Dominican Republic. She played the 2012 Summer Olympics with the Dominican Republic national team ranking in fifth place. She also played the 2010 and the 2014 World Championship earning the 17th place and the fifth place and the 2011 and the 2015 FIVB World Cup with  her national team ranking in the eight and seventh place. She won the bronze medal in the 2015 Pan American Games. With her Junior national team, she took the silver at the 2009 World Championship. Career
During the 2006 season, she played in La Romana with Aviación and with Mirador at Distrito Nacional Superior Championship, winning her team the league championship. <mask> played for her native country at the 2007 FIVB Girls' U18 Volleyball World Championship in Baja California, Mexico.There her team ended up in 8th place. In 2008, she participated at the NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 as team captain, winning with her them the silver medal and individually, the "Best Setter" award. Shortly afterwards she claimed the gold medal at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Mexico, with the senior national team. With the National Junior Team she won the silver medal with the at the 2009 Women's U20 Volleyball World Championship. Playing beach volleyball (three) with Ana Yorkira Binet and Marianne Fersola, she won the gold medal at the 2010 Hato Mayor Beach Volleyball Tournament. As a setter, she helped the National Senior Team playing in Chiapas, Mexico, to win the 2010 Final Four Cup gold medal. Marte returned to Hato Mayor to win the gold medal in the annual Sport Festival in Beach Volleyball (three), this time playing along Altagracia Mambrú and Ana Yorkira Binet.In 2012, Marte played on Olympic Games, where Dominican Republic qualified to quarter-final. In September 2012, Marte won the gold medal at the first 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup, played in Callao, Peru. Marte was transferred to the Azerbaijani Club Igtisadchi Baku in early November. With this club, she claimed the silver medal of the 2012/13 Azerbaijani Super League. During the 2014 World Championship held in Italy, Marte helped the national team to reach the competition's fifth place starting with 7-2 record, and despite the losing 2-3 to China, her team qualified for the first time to the World Championship third round besides but being unable to reach a semifinal spot after losing their two third round matches 2-3 to China and 0-3 to Brazil. Marte and her national team took part of the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games. and she helped them to win their fourth consecutive gold medal, being awarded Best Setter of the tournament.<mask> was part of the Dominican Republic delegation to the 2015 Pan American Games, and she won with her national team the bronze medal after losing to the United States in the semifinals and defeated 3-1 the Puerto Rico national team. After leading the setters during the 2015 FIVB World Cup she was awarded tournament's Best Setter while her national team posted a 5-6 record, valid for the seventh place. After the World Cup, she was announced to be transferred to the French club Rocheville Le Cannet taking the role of the main setter for the 2015-16 season. Castillo won the silver medal and the Best Setter award in the NORCECA Championship. In December 2015, <mask> won with her club the French Supercup, defeating RC Cannes 3-2 in the championship match.

masks:
Niverka Dharlenis Marte Frica
Niverka
Marte
Marte


texts:
Wilfred Theodore Wemyes,  known professionally as <mask> (September 26, 1901 – May 6, 1963), was an American bandleader and musician. <mask>'s work in music was recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Biography
Born in Pitcairn, Pennsylvania, <mask> learned to play the violin and trombone. Young <mask>'s start in music came when he entered a contest, hoping to win a pony. He won a violin instead and his parents arranged for music lessons. He was a graduate of Lincoln School in Pittsburgh. While still in school at Lincoln, <mask> organized a band there, initially providing some instruments himself.His teacher offered young <mask> and his band a penny each if they would play when the alarm sounded for fire drills. <mask> kept the monies of the band and in turn charged each band member a penny for membership. He used the money to purchase better instruments than those the band started out with. When the family moved to Philadelphia, young <mask> entered West Philadelphia High School. He joined the school's band and became its director. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he and his brother Art organized a small dance band that became the "All American Band". The brothers sought the most talented college musicians for the group.The All American Band soon started receiving offers to perform in well-known hotels throughout the United States. <mask>, who had originally intended to become a civil engineer, found himself being attracted to a musical career. His band had a contract to play four weeks at a Philadelphia restaurant; the owner was able to keep <mask> and his band there for four months by making <mask> a partner in his business. They were one of the bands that played at the inaugural ball of President Warren Harding. Going professional in 1923, <mask> toured for the MCA Corporation, recording for Victor Records. "Somebody Stole My Gal" became the band's first #1 hit in early 1924. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the RIAA.<mask> was a Victor band from 1923 through 1933, although the final three sessions were released on Victor's newly created Bluebird label. He then signed with Columbia for two sessions in 1934 and subsequently signed with Decca from 1936. <mask> also co-wrote several popular songs: "The Martins and the McCoys", "Jig Time", "The One-Man Band", "Three Shif'less Skonks", and "Oh, Monah! ", which he co-wrote with band member "Country" Washburn. <mask> moved to Chicago with his band around 1928. The <mask> Weems Orchestra had more chart success in 1929 with the novelty song "Piccolo Pete", which rewarded him with his second Gold Record, and the #1 hit "The Man from the South". The band gained popularity in the 1930s, making regular radio broadcasts.These included Jack Benny's Canada Dry program on CBS and NBC during the early 1930s, and the Fibber McGee & Molly program in the late 1930s. In 1936, the Ted Weems Orchestra gave singer Perry Como his first national exposure; Como recorded with the band (on Decca Records), beginning his long and successful career. Among <mask>'s other discoveries were whistler-singer Elmo Tanner, sax player and singer Red Ingle, Marilyn Maxwell, who left the band for an acting career; and arranger Joe Haymes, who created the band's unique jazz-novelty style. Weems also signed 14-year-old ventriloquist Paul Winchell to a contract, after seeing him with one of the Major Bowes touring companies. The first season of the Beat the Band radio show (1940–1941) included <mask> and his orchestra as part of the cast. In 1940, <mask> and his orchestra were featured on Beat the Band on the NBC-Red radio network. In November 1942, <mask> and his entire band enlisted in the United States Merchant Marine, directing the Merchant Marine Band.Reorganizing his big band in 1945, he made records for Mercury, including the hits "Peg O' My Heart" and "Mickey". However, the biggest hit of <mask>'s career was a reissue on his former Decca label: the Weems Orchestra's 1938 recording of "Heartaches" topped the national charts for 13 weeks. For his August 4, 1933 session, <mask> recorded six tunes, including "Heartaches". Since Victor wanted the recording made quickly, <mask> and his band had time for only one rehearsal session prior to this. <mask> did not like the song at first, and decided to have Elmo Tanner whistle rather than use a vocalist. While rehearsing, someone came up with the idea of trying the song at a faster tempo than it was written for. The fast-tempo recording attracted very little attention after its release.In 1938 Weems recorded a new "rhumba fox trot" version of "Heartaches" for Decca Records. This version again featured Elmo Tanner's whistling, and the tune was played briskly but not at the breakneck tempo of the 1933 version. In 1947 an overnight disc jockey named Kurt Webster, at station WBT in Charlotte, North Carolina, found the 1938 version in a box of old records he had recently received. He played it on the air and the radio station's phones never stopped ringing; the callers wanted to hear the song again. The calls continued, now joined by record stores wanting to know how to order copies of the record. Other radio markets began playing the song, prompting Decca to press new copies. Since the Weems orchestra had also recorded "Heartaches" for Victor, that company decided to re-release its own version of the song.Both labels shared credit on the charts. "Heartaches" topped the Hit Parade on April 19, 1947; nine years after it was recorded. In a 1960 interview, band member Elmo Tanner related that he and <mask> received nothing for the reissue as both men had let their contracts expire while they were in the Merchant Marine. The new-found popularity of the 1938 "Heartaches" came at a time when <mask> was struggling to re-form his band; many former members had other music-related jobs, others were no longer interested in performing. Two of his band members were killed in World War II. <mask> was then able to recruit new band members and was again being asked to play at the same venues as before the war. <mask> made front-page news in 1947 when he publicly repaid his debt to disc jockey Kurt Webster, who had revived "Heartaches" and thus <mask>'s career.<mask> staged a benefit performance by his band on June 6, with all proceeds going to war veteran Webster. Decca cashed in on <mask>'s new popularity by reissuing another oldie, "I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now" with vocals by Perry Como, which became another major chart hit. Despite this sudden surfeit of popularity, the hits dried up after 1947. <mask> toured until 1953. At that time he accepted a disc jockey position in Memphis, Tennessee, later moving on to a management position with the Holiday Inn hotel chain. Perry Como played host to his old boss, Elmo Tanner, and three other Weems band members on his Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall show of October 18, 1961. <mask> died of emphysema in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1963.He had been operating a talent agency in Dallas with his son which also served as his band's headquarters. <mask> was in Tulsa with his band for an engagement the day he was taken ill. His son <mask>. led a revival band at times during the 1960s and 1970s. References

External links

Online Guide to Whistling Records: Elmo <mask> <mask> Orchestra

Watch

Listen
 <mask> and his Orchestra on RedHotJazz
audio file of Perry Como with Ted <mask> Orchestra singing "Cabin of Dreams" on the "Fibber McGee & Molly" show on NBC October 11, 1937
Beat the Band April 7, 1940 episode
<mask> Recordings at Internet Archives
 <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1901 births
1963 deaths
People from Pitcairn, Pennsylvania
American bandleaders
Big band bandleaders
Deaths from emphysema
People from Dallas
Mercury Records artists
Perry Como
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
Orchestra leaders
United States Merchant Mariners of World War II
20th-century American musicians
20th-century male musicians

masks:
Ted Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems
Ted
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Ted Jr
Tanner Ted
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Ted Weems