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is a Japanese professional boxer who has held the OPBF featherweight title since 2017. As an amateur, he won the bronze medal in the men's bantamweight division at the 2012 Olympics. Personal career
He is currently an employee of a children’s clothing maker, Miki House. He was Second lieutenant in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in 2012, and was affiliated with his alma mater, Komazawa University in 2008. Amateur boxing career
<mask> started boxing at a gym in Kurashiki, Okayama in the third grade of junior high school. 2008 Summer Olympics
He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics at featherweight (– 57 kg) but lost his first bout 9–12 to Yakup Kılıç. He was not happy about the judgement, and turned down the offers to sign professional contracts in order to win a medal at the Olympics.He secured the bronze medal in the featherweight division in the 2009 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships in Zhuhai, China, and won the National Sports Festival of Japan in the lightweight division to become a three-division champion of that title in the same year. In January 2010, he had surgery on the shoulder injury that has plagued him for years, and won the regional round of the National Sports Festival all by RSC in the lightweight division. Only one week after that, he moved down in weight class to the bantamweight division because the featherweight division has been removed in the AIBA events for the 2012 Summer Olympics since September 2010, and participated in the Asian Games, but lost in the quarterfinals. 2012 Summer Olympics
<mask> qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the bantamweight division. He beat Isaac Dogboe 10-9, then was initially declared the loser in his second fight by Magomed Abdulhamidov of Azerbaijan due to controversial judging and refereeing. At the beginning of the third round, he was trailing Abdulhamidov by 7 points; however, in the last 2 minutes of that round, Abdulhamidov began to tire. <mask> repeatedly knocked his opponent down, 6 times in total.AIBA officially overturned the ruling after an appeal by the Japanese Coach stating that Abdulhamidov should have been given at least 3 warnings and therefore disqualified. <mask> defeated Algeria's Mohamed Ouadahi 17–15 in the quarter-finals but lost to Great Britain's Luke Campbell 20–11 in the semi-finals which won him the bronze medal. It was Japan's first men's boxing medal since 1968. <mask> made a significant contribution to Japan's 2012 Olympic boxing team as an icebreaker. However, the medal was lost in spring 2013. He decided to join APB (AIBA Pro Boxing) for the right to fight for the gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics. So, he retired from the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, and entered Miki House in April 2014.Professional boxing career

Early career
<mask> decided to turn professional after failing to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. He began training at the Ohashi Boxing Gym, and acquired his professional boxing license on July 29, 2016. <mask> made his professional debut against In Kyoo Lee on September 4, 2016, on the undercard of the WBO super-flyweight title bout between Naoya Inoue and Petchbarngborn Kokietgym. He won the fight by a fifth-round knockout, flooring Lee with a left hook to the body, which prompted his corner-men to throw in the towel. Prior to the knockout, Lee was knocked down in both the second and fourth rounds. <mask> faced the 6–3 Carlo Demecillo in his second professional appearance, which took place on the undercard of the December 30, 2016, WBO super-flyweight title bout between Naoya Inoue and Kohei Kono. He won the fight by a third-round knockout, stopping Demecillo with a right hook to the jaw.<mask> was next scheduled to face Takuya Yamamoto on May 21, 2017. He won the fight by a first-round technical knockout. OPBF featherweight champion
<mask> was booked to challenge the reigning OPBF featherweight champion Sa Myung Noh on October 2, 2017. The title fight was scheduled as the main event of the "61st Phoenix Battle", which took place at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan. He captured the belt with a fifth-round knockout of Noh. <mask> pressured Noh from the outset of the fight and knocked him down it the fourth. Although he was unable to finish him in that round, he managed to do so at the 1:54 minute mark of the very next round.<mask> made his first title defense against Eduardo Mancito on December 30, 2017, on the undercard of the Naoya Inoue and Yoan Boyeaux WBO super-flyweight title bout. He knocked Mancito down with a right hook in the first round and dropped him twice more in the seventh round, before finally finishing the Filipino challenger with a right hook at the 2:08 minute mark of the seventh round. <mask> made his second title defense against Kyung Min Kwon on March 26, 2018, in his return to the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan, where he first won the belt. He first knocked Kwon down with a left straight in the sixth round, before forcing the referee to wave the fight off with a flurry of punches in the eight round. <mask> made his third title defense against the 16–3–1 Shingo Kawamura on August 17, 2018. He won the fight by a fourth-round knockout. <mask> first staggered Kawamura with a left straight, before knockoing him out with a strike to the body.<mask> made his third title defense against the undefeated Takuya Uehara on December 3, 2018, in the main event of "66th Phoenix Battle". He won the fight by a third-round technical knockout. <mask> was booked to challenge the reigning WBO Asia Pacific super-featherweight champion Joe Noynay on July 12, 2019, on the Rob Brant vs Ryota Murata II undercard, at the Edion Arena in Osaka, Japan. Despite coming into the fight as a favorite, <mask> suffered an upset stoppage loss. <mask> was knocked down twice in the first round and failed to recover in the remaining five rounds, as he lost the fight by a sixth-round technical knockout. <mask> made his fifth OPBF featherweight title defense against Kyohei Tonomoto on July 16, 2020, after a year-long absence from the sport. He won the fight by a seventh-round technical knockout.<mask> was booked to face the WBO Asia Pacific featherweight champion Musashi Mori in his sixth title defense on May 21, 2021. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Two of the judges scored the fight 118–110 in his favor, while the third judge scored the fight 116–112 for <mask>. <mask> vacated the WBO Asia Pacific title on November 26, 2021, six months after he had won it. Professional boxing record

See also
List of Olympic medalists in boxing
List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners
2012 Asian Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament
Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics

References

Video references

External links

AIBA INTERNATIONAL BOXING ASSOCIATION  biographies
<mask> <mask>'s boxing stats by the AIBA

1986 births
Olympic boxers of Japan
Living people
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel
Featherweight boxers
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2010 Asian Games
Boxers at the 2014 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Okayama
Komazawa University alumni
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in boxing
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese male boxers
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2014 Asian Games

masks: Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Satoshi Shimizu


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<mask> (18 March 1796 – 1 April 1863) was a Swiss mathematician who worked primarily in geometry. Life

<mask> was born in the village of Utzenstorf, Canton of Bern. At 18, he became a pupil of Heinrich Pestalozzi and afterwards studied at Heidelberg. Then, he went to Berlin, earning a livelihood there, as in Heidelberg, by tutoring. Here he became acquainted with A. L. Crelle, who, encouraged by his ability and by that of Niels Henrik Abel, then also staying at Berlin, founded his famous Journal (1826). After <mask>'s publication (1832) of his Systematische Entwickelungen he received, through Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, who was then professor at Königsberg University, and earned an honorary degree there; and through the influence of Jacobi and of the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt a new chair of geometry was founded for him at Berlin (1834). This he occupied until his death in Bern on 1 April 1863.He was described by Thomas Hirst as follows:
 "He is a middle-aged man, of pretty stout proportions, has a long intellectual face, with beard and moustache and a fine prominent forehead, hair dark rather inclining to turn grey. The first thing that strikes you on his face is a dash of care and anxiety, almost pain, as if arising from physical suffering—he has rheumatism. He never prepares his lectures beforehand. He thus often stumbles or fails to prove what he wishes at the moment, and at every such failure he is sure to make some characteristic remark." Mathematical contributions

<mask>'s mathematical work was mainly confined to geometry. This he treated synthetically, to the total exclusion of analysis, which he hated, and he is said to have considered it a disgrace to synthetic geometry if equal or higher results were obtained by analytical geometry methods. In his own field he surpassed all his contemporaries.His investigations are distinguished by their great generality, by the fertility of his resources, and by the rigour in his proofs. He has been considered the greatest pure geometer since Apollonius of Perga. In his Systematische Entwickelung der Abhängigkeit geometrischer Gestalten von einander he laid the foundation of modern synthetic geometry. In projective geometry even parallel lines have a point in common: a point at infinity. Thus two points determine a line and two  lines determine a point. The symmetry of point and line  is expressed as projective duality. Starting with perspectivities, the transformations of projective geometry are formed by composition, producing projectivities.<mask> identified sets preserved  by projectivities such as a projective range and pencils. He is particularly remembered for his approach to a conic section by way of projectivity called the <mask> conic. In a second little volume, Die geometrischen Constructionen ausgeführt mittels der geraden Linie und eines festen Kreises (1833), republished in 1895 by Ottingen, he shows, what had been already suggested by J. V. Poncelet, how all problems of the second order can be solved by aid of the straight edge alone without the use of compasses, as soon as one circle is given on the drawing-paper. He also wrote "Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie", published posthumously at Leipzig by C. F. Geiser and H. Schroeter in 1867; a third edition by R. Sturm was published in 1887–1898. Other geometric results by <mask> include development of a formula for the partitioning of space by planes (the maximal number of parts created by n planes), several theorems about the famous <mask>'s chain of tangential circles, and a proof of the isoperimetric theorem (later a flaw was found in the proof, but was corrected by Weierstrass). The rest of <mask>'s writings are found in numerous papers mostly published in Crelle's Journal, the first volume of which contains his first four papers. The most important are those relating to algebraic curves and surfaces, especially the short paper Allgemeine Eigenschaften algebraischer Curven.This contains only results, and there is no indication of the method by which they were obtained, so that, according to L. O. Hosse, they are, like Fermat's theorems, riddles to the present and future generations. Eminent analysts succeeded in proving some of the theorems, but it was reserved to Luigi Cremona to prove them all, and that by a uniform synthetic method, in his book on algebraic curves. Other important investigations relate to maxima and minima. Starting from simple elementary propositions, <mask> advances to the solution of problems which analytically require the calculus of variations, but which at the time altogether surpassed the powers of that calculus. Connected with this is the paper Vom Krümmungsschwerpuncte ebener Curven, which contains numerous properties of pedals and roulettes, especially of their areas. <mask> also made a small but important contribution to combinatorics. In 1853, <mask> published a two pages article in Crelle's Journal on what nowadays is called Steiner systems, a basic kind of block design.His oldest papers and manuscripts (1823-1826) were published by his admirer Fritz Bützberger on the request of the Bernese Society for Natural Scientists. See also

Arrangement of lines
Malfatti circles
Miquel and <mask>'s quadrilateral theorem
Minkowski–<mask> formula
Mixed volume
Power of a point theorem
<mask> curve
Steiner symmetrization
Steiner system
Steiner surface
Steiner conic
<mask>'s conic problem
<mask>'s problem
<mask> tree
Steiner chain
Poncelet–<mask> theorem
Parallel axes rule
<mask>–Lehmus theorem
<mask> inellipse
Steinerian
Steiner point (computational geometry)
Steiner point (triangle)

Notes

References
 Viktor Blåsjö (2009) "<mask>’s Systematische Entwickelung: The Culmination of Classical Geometry", Mathematical Intelligencer 31(1): 21–9. External links
<mask>, J. (1796-1863)

<mask>'s work on the Isoperimetric Problem at Convergence (by Jennifer Wiegert)

1796 births
1863 deaths
People from Emmental District
19th-century Swiss mathematicians
Geometers

masks:
Jakob Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
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Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
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Jakob Steiner
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Jacob Steiner


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<mask>  (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He has twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. <mask> is the only person who held the office of prime minister twice during the Third Republic (i.e., since 1989), and he remains Poland's youngest prime minister to date. He is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 <mask> is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy. Early life, education and early political career
<mask> was born in the village of Model, Masovian Voivodeship on 5 September 1959.He is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. While he was a student and during martial law in 1981 he actively participated in strikes. After graduation (1984) he became a computer teacher in Kamionka (near Pacyna). His political career began in 1985, when he joined the United People's Party. After 1990, like many UPP members, he joined the UPP's successor, the Polish People's Party. He was elected from UPP office to the Contract Sejm (1989) and has remained a member of Sejm since then. He became leader (Prezes) of the UPP in 1991.Premiership of <mask> <mask>

First Premiership

On 5 June 1992, 00:00 AM, after a vote of no confidence was approved, with 273 in favour and 119 against, Jan Olszewski was forced to resign as Prime Minister and his cabinet was immediately replaced in an event known as the nightshift ("Nocna zmiana"). After Olszewski's dismissal, President Lech Wałęsa designated the little-known and inexperienced <mask> as caretaker Prime Minister with the mission, to form a new coalition government with agrarians, Christian democrats and liberals. <mask>'s potential partners, the Democratic Union and the Confederation of Independent Poland were not ready to agree on a compromise programme. The fact was that <mask> and nobody else was called upon to form a new government that was nevertheless a remarkable phenomenon. According to Aleksander Kwaśniewski, it was a 'historical step' towards a 'normalization' of Polish political and party life. After 33 days as a caretaker, <mask> failed to gain support from the Sejm majority and failed in a vote of confidence. <mask> was forced to resign as Prime Minister and the President replaced him with Hanna Suchocka, who won support from the majority and successfully formed a coalition with the Democratic Union, Christian National Union, Liberal Democratic Congress, Peasants' Agreement, People's Christian Party, Party of Christian Democrats and Polish Beer-Lovers' Party.<mask>'s failure paved the way for another political coalition. Since <mask>'s first cabinet did not receive support from the Sejm, at this time, <mask> had no official ministers, only temporary chiefs of executive branches. His first cabinet was the briefest government during this period that lasted only 33 days, this was a notable period commonly known as <mask>'s 33 days (33 dni Pawlaka). Although Pawlak failed to form a government, he gained considerable respect from his 33 days in office. Pawlak was a counterweight to politicians who focused on the issue of lustration, and the backstage of these events was later described by Kult in the song "Mr. Waldek, Don't Be Afraid, or the Lefty June" ("Panie Waldku, Pan się nie boi, czyli Lewy czerwcowy"), which referred to the fall of Jan Olszewski's cabinet. Second Premiership

The Polish People's Party and the social democratic, post-communist Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) won the 1993 election in a landslide, holding a super-majority and the support of the socialist-agrarian government, with <mask> as Prime Minister again. Józef Oleksy of the SLD became Sejm Marshal, while SLD leader Aleksander Kwaśniewski remained a Sejm Member without portfolio.Prime Minister <mask> and Kwaśniewski soon found themselves at bitter political odds. Kwaśniewski reportedly had an ambition to become "Prime Minister de facto", while <mask> wanted to retain the power of his office. Both leaders used their parties to fight for power. <mask> was initially in an informal alliance with President Wałęsa against the SLD. However, their good political relations soon dissipated. In 1995, Pawlak offered three options to Kwaśniewski. First, he would remain Prime Minister but with Kwaśniewski as Deputy and Minister of Foreign Affairs.Second,  the Democratic Left Alliance would form a government with Kwaśniewski as Prime Minister. Third, Oleksy would become Prime Minister under the present coalition. <mask> reportedly thought that Kwaśniewski would not risk a minority Democratic Left Alliance government without the support of the majority of the elevation of his main partisan opponent, Oleksy, to Prime Minister and therefore rather be the deputy of Pawlak. However, Kwaśniewski surprised many by choosing the third option. <mask> was known for his reticence and aversion to journalists. The opposition and the media accused him of a lack of dynamism and a terrible information policy. Pawlak gave up the prime ministerial Volvo 780 limousine in favour of a FSO Polonez Caro, equipped with a Rover V8 engine to show solidarity with the automotive industry in Poland.This gesture was well-received by Poles at a time when the country was suffering poverty. In the political wilderness

Despite good public approval ratings <mask> failed in his bid for the Presidency in 1995, finishing a distant fifth (after Kwaśniewski, Wałęsa, Jacek Kuroń and Jan Olszewski) and winning only 770,417 votes (4.31%). After losing the political battle with Kwaśniewski and, after that, the presidential election, there was a movement to replace <mask> with Jarosław Kalinowski as party leader in 1997. PSL suffered a great political disaster during the 1997 parliamentary elections and became the smallest party in the Sejm (from 132 seats in 1993 to just 27). After the SLD won decisively in the 2001 parliamentary election Kalinowski became deputy of the new Prime Minister Leszek Miller when the PSL joined the coalition. <mask> did not play a major role during this period. Comeback

<mask>'s comeback began in 2005 when he became PSL leader again.In the liberal Civic Platform (PO)-PSL government, formed after the 2007 parliamentary election, <mask> became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy under Prime Minister Donald Tusk. Although PSL remained the smallest party represented in the Sejm, <mask> is often cited as having achieved a major political victory. During his time in the party chair his party enjoyed better electoral results, the elimination of major competition among agrarian voters from the also agrarian dominated party (Samoobrona), and the resumption of major influence in rural areas. Additionally, PSL was put in charge of three cabinet posts in the Tusk government. (Without the PSL votes, the PO would not have a Sejm majority, even though it easily accounts for the biggest political group in the sitting parliament.) On 21 April 2010, PSL announced that <mask> would be the party's official candidate for the 2010 presidential election. He received only 1.75% of the vote and didn't get into the second round.Personal life
<mask> is married and has children.

masks:
Waldemar Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Waldemar
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
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<mask> (September 2, 1843 – December 1, 1918) was a prominent mine owner and operator in the western United States and Canada, as well as a financier and speculator, from the late 1870s until his death in 1918. Early life
<mask> was born in Amsterdam to Maximiliaan de la Mar (1814–1847) and Johanna Teune (1816–1867). His father, a banker in Amsterdam, died when <mask> had just turned four years old. In search of adventure, <mask> stowed away aboard a Dutch vessel heading to the West Indies. When he was discovered, he was put to work without pay as assistant to the cook. <mask> worked as a seaman until he was twenty, when he became master of a ship, and three years later received a captain's command. He visited many of the world's ports and acquired an education through his observations in foreign countries.He was attracted to submarine work, which was profitable owing to the American Civil War, so he abandoned the merchant service and became a submarine contractor. He was headquartered at Vineyard Haven, Massachusetts, operating along the entire east coast to the West Indies. Maritime prosperity
<mask> received several contracts for raising sunken ships, and was very successful. In 1872 he raised the Charlotte, a transatlantic steamship that had foundered off the Bermudas loaded with Italian marble, and which had baffled the attempts of three previous wrecking companies. He nearly lost his life at Martha's Vineyard, going down in a diving suit to examine personally the damage to the Steamer William Tibbitts, in which he was imprisoned for thirty-six hours. This led <mask> to give up submarine work. He then studied the opportunities of trade with Africa.Trading companies had confined their operations to the Coast, with natives from the interior bringing their goods to the Coast on the shoulders of bearers at considerable expense. <mask> decided to do his trading in the interior. He equipped a small vessel capable of navigating the African rivers, stocked with goods and armed with four small cannon, a dozen blunderbusses, rifles and ammunition. He pushed into the interior, exercising constant vigilance to prevent attacks from hostile tribes. His venture was rewarded with complete success. He traded principally on the Gambia and Great Jeba Rivers in Guinea-Bissau in West Africa. After three successful years he gave up this trade because of the climate.Many of his crew died every year of African fever. He sold his outfit to an English company. Mining business
In 1878 <mask> came to New York, and when mining fever struck Leadville, Colorado, he went west and bought several claims. That same year he took a private course in chemistry and metallurgy from a professor from the Chicago University. In November 1879 he purchased the Terrible Lead Mine in Custer County, Colorado for $5500. It was bought from the discoverers of the deposit, John Bunyan Rains and John Spaulding. He operated it until 1885, at which time he sold to the Omaha & Grant Smelting and Refining Company for $130,0000, a handsome profit.He then obtained control of a mountain six miles west of Silver City, Idaho. Many large veins of gold and silver were discovered on the property, and he sold a half interest, after he had taken $1,500,000 from the mine, to the De Lamar Mining Company of England for $2,000,000. From Idaho, he turned his attention to the booming Cripple Creek district of Colorado. In 1893, <mask>, together with Edward Holden, Charles M. MacNeill and George W. Peirce of the Golden Fleece Mine, had organized a company for starting the first barrel-chlorination plant in Colorado, and were about to rehabilitate an old stamp-mill a short distance below Victor, known as the Lawrence plant. The conventional stamp mill in which the ore was crushed and the gold amalgamated with mercury was almost useless in refining Cripple Creek ore. At first, the process didn't work well, but it was improved by John Rothwell, a consultant who was the foremost expert on chlorination at the time. A young Daniel C. Jackling was hired as assayer through Charles MacNeill, the start of his noted career. In December 1895, the chlorination mill at Lawrence burned to the ground.<mask> by then had transferred his focus to Mercur, Utah. During 1896–97, <mask> acquired claims within the gold district of Mercur and had built a 500-ton cyanide process mill, later expanded to 1,000 ton, which was said to be the largest of the time, to work the mines. Jackling followed <mask>r to Utah as mill superintendent. During his Cripple Creek and Mercur operations years, he also invested in gold mines in Lincoln County, Nevada, that from 1896 to 1902 paid him $8,000,000 in profits. At the Delamar Mine, Nevada, the barrel-chlorinating process was installed in 1895 and soon later discarded in favour of fine grinding and cyaniding. In 1902, <mask> sold his Mercur and De Lamar, Nevada mines, for one million dollars each. To his discredit, the operation in the mill at DeLamar created such a fine particulate during the milling process that many workers were killed by inhaling the dust, the focus of medical study and accusation of <mask>r's inconsideration of his laborer's safety.In the late 1890s, <mask> had turned his attention to copper. While at Mercur, <mask>r became interested in the Bingham Canyon copper mines and sent Jackling and others to inspect the deposit. <mask>r would eventually acquire a portion of the canyon, but sold out to his former Cripple Creek partners, MacNeill and Spencer Penrose who would reap a fortune in copper at Bingham Canyon, Utah, with Jackling as their manager. In July 1899 <mask> also purchased the Bully Hill mines, in the Shasta copper district of California, and financed the big copper smelter which was operating near there. A railroad project was installed to connect level 3 of the mine with the smelter, and the project became informally known as the DeLamar Railroad, which became part of the Sacramento Valley and Eastern Railway. Like his earlier operations, <mask>r unloaded the California property for a quick profit. Also, in 1901 he invested in mines near Yerington, Nevada and formed the Bluestone Mining & Smelting Company, one of his smaller yet still profitable operations sold after his death.He next turned to Canada, taking over the great copper nickel lodes of Sudbury, Ontario and organized the International Nickel Company (Inco), a multinational mining corporation. In 1905 he and his International Nickel partners bought into the Nipissing Mine, located in Cobalt, Ontario, 300 miles north of Toronto. In May 1906, they hit the famed "Silver Sidewalk," a vein of nearly pure silver. <mask>r and his partners reportedly unloaded the property for $10 to $20 million. His next move was into the rich Porcupine district of Canada, where he became president of the Dome Mines Company, a long-term gold producer. As Inco, Dome and his other operations reached peak production during the high mineral market prices of World War I, he was one of the wealthiest men in America at the time of his death in 1918. Three former mining cities, which are today ghost towns, Delamar, Nevada, De Lamar, Idaho, and Delamar, California, were renamed after him; the last is now under water of Shasta Lake.The Delamar Mountains, a mountain range in Lincoln County, Nevada, as well a mountain summit in San Bernardino County, California, were also named after him. Delamar Mountain in California climbs to 8,376 feet (2,553.00 meters) above sea level. Other business
<mask> was one of the most noted traders in Wall Street for over twenty years, and one of the leading financiers in the country. Besides his many mining properties, he was president of the Delta Beet Sugar Company; a director of the American Bank Note Company, Coronate Phosphate Company, American Sumatra Tobacco Company, Manhattan Sugar Company, the National Conduit and Cable Company and the Western Power Company. Political career
In 1891 <mask> served as state senator in the first legislature of the new state of Idaho, and occupied the Chairmanship on Finance, Railroads and Constitutional Amendments. The Republican Party wanted him as their candidate for the U.S. Senate, but, as biographer G. W. Barrett shows, <mask>r was never interested in becoming the first U. S. Senator from Idaho and declined to continue in politics. He moved to New York.<mask> was known in Wall Street as "the man of mystery." He never talked much, his intimate friends say, but was uniformly successful in his transactions. He was part of the "community of interest" in big business that influenced politics, but he never again campaigned for office. Personal life

<mask> married Nellie Virginia Sands on May 8, 1893, and they had one daughter together, Alice A<mask> <mask>. <mask> was a member of the Lotus Club and the New York, Larchmont and Columbia Yacht Clubs. He was the owner of the yacht May and Sagitta, the fastest power boat on Long Island Sound.He was a great believer in aerial navigation and devoted considerable time to the study of the subject. <mask> was also an art connoisseur, a collector of fine paintings, statuary and other art objects. He was also a lover of music, but his greatest delight was in the gathering of rare plants and flowers, of which he possessed a notable collection. He left a large sum, estimated at $10,000,000, to the Harvard University Medical School, Johns Hopkins University, and the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University for research into the causes of disease and for the promulgation through lectures, publications, and otherwise of the principles of correct living. His house on Madison Avenue, built in 1904 for a reported $600,000, is today a New York City landmark building. In 1914 he built an eighty-room manor house, "Pembroke", on Long Island in the town of Glen Cove; author Rex Beach filmed his 1910s movie Too Fat to Fly on its grounds. The home contained a cave, or grotto, encrusted with stalactites.A statue of a nude woman stood in the shallow water and was reflected in a mirror set deep in the cave. <mask> died on December 1, 1918, at Roosevelt Hospital in Manhattan, New York City. In the press release of his death, the news writers said "the story of Captain <mask>r's life reads like a romance." In popular culture
<mask> and <mask> <mask>'s lives were the subject of the In Search of... season 4 episode, "The Missing Heirs". References
Notes

Sources
 Hill, Edwin Charles: Historical Register : a record of people places and events in American history, illustrated with portrait plates, New York, 1920, p. 35-37. JOSEPH RAPHAEL DE LAMAR, full text
 The De Lamar Building, New York, at flickr.com

1843 births
1918 deaths
People from Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts
Businesspeople from New York City
Idaho state senators
Dutch emigrants to the United States
19th-century American politicians
Idaho Republicans
19th-century American businesspeople

masks:
Joseph Raphael De Lamar
De Lamar
Joseph
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De Lamar
De Lamar
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De Lamar
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DeLama
De Lamar
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De Lamar
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. De
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Joseph
Alice De
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<mask> (born April 10, 1956 in Rio de Janeiro) is a Brazilian economist. Former Governor of the Brazilian Central Bank, is best known for being one of the "fathers" of the Real Plan, the 1994 monetary reform that ended hyperinflation in Brazil. He teaches economics at the Catholic University in Rio de Janeiro since 1986. He is also a businessman, consultant and has served on many boards. He founded Rio Bravo Investimentos where he works as Senior Advisor. He has written several books, academic papers and contributes regularly to newspapers and magazines. Early life and studies
<mask> was born in Rio de Janeiro on April 10, 1956.His mother Maria Isabel Barbosa de Barroso <mask>, was from Teófilo Otoni, state of Minas Gerais, and his father, Guilherme Arinos Lima Verde de Barroso <mask>, was born in Itacoatiara, at the backlands of the state of Amazonas. Guilherme Arinos made a career at Banco do Brasil and during the war started a lifelong friendship and association to President Getúlio Vargas. Arinos was a member of the first board of directors of the Brazilian National Development Bank, BNDES, and later, at the private sector, was a high ranked executive of Volkswagen do Brasil and one of the founders of Banco Garantia. <mask> attended Colégio São Vicente de Paulo in Rio de Janeiro and Colégio Notre Dame de Sion in 1960/1974. He obtained a bachelor's (1975–1979) and master's (1983) degree in economics at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), where he developed interests in economic history and macroeconomics. At PUC-Rio he had his first job as teaching assistant working with Edmar Bacha, then preparing a macroeconomic textbook, self-defined as of a neo-structuralist approach, and later to become very popular in Brazil, with several editions

Winston Fritsch was his advisor in his M. A. thesis on the topic of financial euphoria and crash in the early years of the Brazilian Republic (1889-1890) and the attempts at monetary reform in connection either adhering to the gold standard or, alternatively to experience with fiat currency models, as proposed by Ruy Barbosa. His M. A. thesis was approved cum landae in 1982 and in 1983 won the prestigious "Prêmio BNDES de Economia" for the M. A. thesis in Brazil.This work was published as a book titled Monetary reform and instability during the republican transition ("Reforma monetária e instabilidade durante a transição republicana"") and became a reference to the period it covers. In sequence, <mask> was accepted in Ph.D programs in the universities of Chicago, Yale and Harvard, for which he headed. There he chose as fields of specialization, international economics under Jeffrey Sachs and economic history under Barry Eichengreen. He had brief fellowships at the CFIA (Center for International Affairs), CES (Centre for European Studies) and National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Sachs and Eichengreen were his supervisors, and along with MIT professor Lance Taylor, formed his thesis committee. <mask> earned his Ph.D Degree at Harvard in 1986, with a dissertation titled Aspects of the Economics of Hyperinflations: Theoretical Issues and Historical Studies of Four European Hyperinflations of the 1920s. His original thesis had four theoretical chapters on topics as the adoption of indexation in contracts, inflation (stabilization) as public good problem, plagued by free rider issues, the inflation tax as motivation to the process and the dynamics of dollarization, distributive tensions and external balance.The applied chapters were case studies for Germany, Austria, Hungary, and Poland, also including some common themes like the relation between external imbalances, dollarization and fiscal reforms in the context of specific stabilization experiences. This work was nominated to the David Wells Prize in Harvard and was awarded a national prize ("Prêmio Haralambos Simionides") in 1987, for the best Ph.D thesis or book in economics, given by the National Association of Graduate Studies in Economics (ANPEC, Associação Nacional de Centros de Pós Graduação em Economia). Teaching and research

Returning to Brazil in 1986, as a faculty member at the Economics Department at PUC-Rio, <mask> worked as teacher, researcher and consultant from 1986 to 1993 when he was called to work with Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the newly nominated Finance Minister then starting his tenure. He had an intense academic activity during these years; his research interests had three key themes: (i) on high inflation and on the basis of topics and issues raised in his doctoral dissertation; (ii) on Brazil's economic history, mostly in connection with macroeconomic and monetary issues; and (iii) on trade policies, multinational enterprises and economic development, in collaboration with Winston Fritsch. Hyperinflation
Two papers out of specific chapters of his doctoral dissertation were published in peer reviewed journals and had some relevant repercussion on his later work of fighting hyperinflation in Brazil:

"Fiscal Reforms and Stabilization: four hyperinflation cases examined" was published in The Economic Journal (vol. 100, no. 399, March 1990) disputed Thomas Sargent's popular explanation to the sudden end of hyperinflation as result of a wide-ranging fiscal "regime change".The role of dollarization and of currency reforms were wrongly downplayed by Sargent, as argued by <mask>. "The Rentenmark Miracle" published by Rivista di Storia Economica (Second Series, Volume 4, 1987), then republished in Barry Eichengreen (ed.) Monetary Regime Transformations London, Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, 1991, was an account of the unique experience in Germany of Wertbestandiges Notgeld - that is, emergency monies of private issuance and with "stable value" as they had indexation clauses -, and the way this led to the rentenmark experience. As argued by <mask> the rentenmark was a crucial step in the German stabilization, and not a "cosmetic measure", as put by Thomas Sargent. In fact, the rentenmark model was very relevant for the design of the Brazilian 1994 monetary reform, known as "Real Plan", in which a similar quasi-currency, under the name o URV (acronym for Unidade Real de Valor) played a vital role for the ending of Brazilian hyperinflation. Much later, in 1995, Thomas Sargent wrote an article on the Brazilian URV, evoking the German experience with the rentenmark and arguing, as per the mathematician David Hilbert, that one could not solve the hyperinflation problem by "changing the name of the independent variable". The URV, argued Sargent, would have been "a sideshow that hasn't touched the fundamental causes of inflation", and again <mask> took issue with that, writing in 2017, but this time on the back of the successful adoption of the URV mechanism.According to <mask>: "Understandably", Brazilians "did not take these observations seriously" as "the country was enchanted by the URV mechanism in view of practical problems it solved elegantly, efficiently and voluntarily, so that they received with blunt indifference a thesis from an outside observer claiming that the mechanism had no utility". Economic history
In sequence to the work on monetary reforms in the early years of the Republic, <mask> published several pieces on the Brazilian monetary experience in the years prior to the Great Depression. All this work is in Portuguese except "Aspects of the Brazilian Experience with the Gold Standard", in Pablo Matín Aceña and Jaime Reis (orgs.) Monetary standards in the periphery: paper, silver and gold, 1854-1933 (London, Macmillan Press. 2000). Later, his research on the early years of the Republic would communicate well with his work of Machado de Assis newspapers articles as per his selection of chronicles under the title "O olhar obliquo do acionista" ( "Shareholders oblique look", as literal translation). Foreign trade and multinational companies
<mask> worked in collaboration with Winston Fritsch in a series of projects supported by the OECD Development Center.One publication was Foreign direct investment and industrial restructuring: issues and trends (Development Centre Studies, OECD Development Centre, OECD, Paris, 1991), another was "Efficient Industrialization in a Technologically Dependent Economy: The Current Brazilian Debate" in Competition and Economic Development Committee of Competition Law and Policy, OECD, 1991. In sequence, <mask> and Fritsch worked in two projects directed by Gerry Helleiner for WIDER (World Institute for Development Economics Research) of the United Nations University during 1990 and 1991. The first was on the influence of trade orientation on development models and was published as "Foreign Direct investment and patterns of trade and industrialization in developing countries: notes with reference to the Brazilian experience" in G. K. Helleiner (org.) Trade Policy, Industrialization and Development: a reconsideration. (Oxford, Clarendon Press for UNU-Wider, 1992 ). The second, on the same issues but focused on trade and industrial policies was published as "Import repression, productivity slowdown, and manufactured export dynamism: Brazil,1975-1990" in Gerry Helleiner (org.) Trade policy and industrialization in turbulent times (London: Routledge for UNU-Wider, 1993, ).<mask> and Fritsch also worked in projects for UNCTAD and ECLA, and published in the academic circuit on these same issues. <mask> would return to these themes only after 1995 when, as deputy governor of the Central Bank responsible for international affairs organized a Census on foreign direct investment into Brazil that has been conducted and published each five years since 1995. Public service
Between 1993 and 1999, <mask> was active in public service. He started in May 1993 as Deputy Secretary of Economic Policy at the Finance Ministry up to October 1993 when he moved to the Central Bank of Brazil in the position of Deputy Governor responsible for International Affairs, position he occupied until 1997, and only interrupted by a brief tenure as governor of the Central Bank of Brazil between December 1994 and January 1995. In August 20th, 1997 he was confirmed governor of the Central Bank of Brazil, until leaving on January 9, 1999, and briefly returning in March 1999 to transfer his functions to his successor Arminio Fraga. Economic Policy Secretary
<mask> served as Deputy Economic Policy Secretary at the Finance Ministry from May to October 1993 by invitation from the newly appointed Minister, Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the fourth Finance Minister of president Itamar <mask>, who had become president in December 1992 after the resignation of Fernando Collor de Mello. The  other economists in the group were Winston Fristch, as Secretary of Economic Policy and Edmar Bacha as special adviser.In his memoir, Cardoso recollects that “with a small team facing a gigantic challenge, as a Brancaleone’s Army, ... we started to work, under a very discouraging political atmosphere”. This team faced a paradoxical pressure: not to repeat economic shocks and to produce some solution to inflation, then approaching 30% per month. The team's first major announcement was described by <mask>, as a “non-package” or rather “an ambitious collection of medium term fundamentalists agendas”, curiously named as PAI (acronym for Plano de Ação Imediata, Plan of Immediate Action), released on June 13, 1993. In sharp contrast with previous stabilization attempts, this document seemed to point that the Real Plan would start by the end offering “some sort of strategic planning of actions in issues associated with the so-called fiscal and monetary fundamentals to stabilization”. Deputy Governor for International Affairs at the Central Bank
<mask> was appointed Deputy Governor for International Affairs at the Central Bank on September 8, 1993 when Pedro Malan was appointed Governor. Simultaneously, Pérsio Arida was designated president of BNDES, and André Lara Rezende replaced Malan was chief negotiator of then pending Brazilian external debt. With this enlarged composition, the economic team around minister Cardoso started preparations towards the Real Plan.In parallel, <mask> had executive responsibilities in International Affairs at the Central Bank related to operational aspects of external debt restructuring under the Brady Plan, then at decisive moments, the administrative structures in charge of exchange controls, bound to be transformed by an ambitious deregulation process, the FOREX trading desk and international reserves management. External debt, Brady Plan and new bond issues
At the moment <mask> and Malan started working together at the Central Bank, the debt negotiation process was around the precise form of exchange of Brazilian currency denominated deposits owned by creditors (under the MYDFAs, Multi Year Deposit Facility Agreement) for newly issued bonds according to the Brady plan’s menu. In the final sequence of this process, <mask> was in charge of the composition of the collateral guaranties for the new bonds under the Brady scheme. These guaranties would take the form of US Treasury Zero Coupon bonds with certain features, with a face value of approximately US$ 18 billion (and market value of US$ 2,8 billion) to be acquired with funds provided by the IMF under a stand-by agreement. However, IMF representatives did not feel comfortable with the drafts of the Real Plan shown during the negotiations of the stand-by agreement and refused to go on with the loan, forcing the

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 Brazilian authorities to develop some alternative strategy to acquire the US Treasury bonds in the secondary market using Brazil’s international reserves. The deal was described in detail in Guilherme Fiuza’s book in the chapter titled Sorry, Mr. Fagenbaum. Right next to completing Brazil’s Brady Plan version, simultaneously with the Real Plan, <mask> dealt with Paris Club debt and the Dart family, who did not wish to adhere to the Brady exchange.With these issues sorted out the challenge for the Republic was to return to international markets with new bonds and proceed with the building of a yield curve. The new program coordinated and executed by <mask> comprised 16 new issues in 10 different currencies, between 1995 and 1998, totaling US$ 8,2 billion, including the issuance of the so called "BR-27" (the first 30-year bond voluntarily issued in decades, falling due in 2027) in exchange for cash and for Brady bonds, thus recovering the previously offered collateral in US Treasury bonds. Forex deregulation and phasing out exchange controls
Exchange controls deregulation was one of the greatest challenges of the International Affairs section of the Brazilian Central Bank, a modernization imperative and an essential condition for the prevalence of supply and demand as determinants of the exchange rate. The architecture of liberalization was based on the creation of new and segregated market for US Dollars in which rates were determined by supply and demand in parallel to the official market and to compete upfront with the “black market”. Initially fed only by Dollars sold by tourists, the scope of transactions was gradually extended, while, liberalization in the official market, along with a better balance of payments stance, resulted in gradually eliminating the spread between official and free markets. From 1988 to 2006, when all legal markets were unified, deregulation consisted in expanding the nature of transactions that could take place in the free market, including gold related arbitrages, and remittances from non-resident local currency accounts, though always preserving full identification of players. After 1995, under <mask>'s direction, the Central Bank introduced several new rules for leads and lags in foreign trade, portfolio investment and turned “registry” of foreign capital inflows into a statistical event, and no longer dependent on authorization.Interestingly, however, one key innovation introduced along with liberalization of outflows was the selective restriction applied on certain types of inflows, mostly of a short-term nature. Capital surges had been producing restrictive measures in many countries, most visibly (for Brazilians) Chile, where restrictions took the form of a “quarantine”, or a minimum stay for foreign capital. In Brazil, instead, restrictions were implemented mostly as a tax of foreign exchange inflows, and without any “quarantine”. The formula was used many times over in later moments of foreign exchange abundance in order to reduce appreciation and/or the extend maturities of foreign liabilities. Plano Real
The Real Plan had as central element a monetary reform effected through three successive measures: the first and more important introduced in February 28, 1994, created the URV (Unidade Real de Valor) mechanism, that is, a "money of account" to be freely used in contracts and obligations in order to realign relative prices and coordinate price fixing around the exchange rate. It was also established that at some point in the near future, the URV would become the national legal tender to replace then circulating cruzeiros reais. Just like the German rentenmark, and reflected also previous models of monetary reform conceived by André Lara Rezende and Persio Arida.At this moment, the new national currency, the URV would have its denomination conveniently changed to real. The second, launched at July 1. 1994, complemented the reform, demonetizing cruzeiros reais and actually issuing the real. Also, this second instrument introduced some very important institutional changes in monetary governance, with a major reform in the National Monetary Council, and monetary policy. The third, closing the cycle of monetary reform, was a detailed statute for indexation practices that was implemented exactly one year after the real was first issued. The URV existed as legal tender, though only as unit of account, during four months: its initial quote with respect to cruzeiro real was CR$647,50, more or less equivalent to one Dollar, as it was its final quote as CR$2.750,00, on July 1, 1994, when the cruzeiro real was demonetized and the URV was turned into the national currency and renamed as real. In consequence of this unusual parity it was not possible to stamp old cruzeiros reais notes, so that one entirely new family of notes was issued at once, a remarkably difficult logistics effort

At the day of the first issues of the new currency, in an unprecedented move, the Central Bank abstained from intervening in the foreign exchange market and let the new currency float.In consequence, the exchange rate between the URV (now the real) and the Dollar, fell below R$1,00 (i. e. it appreciated) with a great positive impact on expectations and marking the successful conclusion of the stabilization process first phase. The combination of tight monetary policy with floating exchange rates, later under a "target zone regime", or "exchange rate bands", resulted immensely successful to eliminate hyperinflation, but remained one of the more controversial aspects of the Brazilian stabilization experience, and one generally addressed to <mask>. The results of the Real Plan on inflation, as measured by national cost of living index, IPCA - published by the National Statistics Bureau - IBGE, were as follows:inflation was running at 43,1% monthly (on average for he first semester of 1994), or 7.260% annually, up to July 1994, the first month of existence of the new currency. In July alone prices rose  6,8%, but the accumulated inflation for the next twelve months was only 33,0%. From this level onward, inflation goes on declining slowly: measured by IPCA, inflation fell below 20%, on a 12 months accumulated basis, only in April 1996, 22nd month after the introduction of the new currency; below 10% only in December, 30th month of the real. Within the calendar year of 1997, the rate of inflation was 5,2%, and in 1998 inflation was finally reduced to 1,6%, the lowest rate on record since the creation of the Brazilian Central Bank in 1964. Institutional aspects and "fundamentals"
Before the Real Plan, five stabilization attempts failed between 1986 and 1991 all of which involving price freezes, all but one creating a new currency and one, the so-called Collor Plan in 1990, with an asset freeze much like monetary reforms in Europe following World War II.These failed experiments were called "heterodox shocks" not only because of direct intervention in prices and intrusive currency reforms, but also for their practical disregard of fiscal "fundamentals" and monetary policies. The Real Plan followed a different path opening several reforms agendas attacking fundamental disequilibria at the core of the hyperinflation process. The first was related to the institutional organization of the monetary system. the National Monetary Council was recaptured and reduced to three members (ministers of Finance and Planning and the Governor of the Central Bank), recomposing the commitment of top level decision making to price stability. Sometime later a Monetary Policy Committee (known as COPOM - acronym of Comitê de Política Monetária) was created securing Central Bank's independence in fixing the interest rate. Next, federal banks, and especially Banco do Brasil, had to recognize previous losses, be recapitalized, abide by "Basle Rules" and cease to have unrestricted accommodation at the Central Bank. Provincial banks entered a severe adjustment program through which several liquidations and privatizations reduced their size to almost negligible.Some private banks in trouble entered a program through which the Central Bank financed liquidations, resolutions and changes in control of banking activities. It was a heavy agenda with the banking system, public and private, to reorder the monetary system and its governance. There were numerous fiscal adjustment initiatives, starting with several rounds of debt refinancing with adjustment programs with the states during 1993-1998. The Federal Government gave accommodation to states in exchange for orthodox fiscal programs and several limitations as to their fiscal policies. These programs templates provided a framework to a new Public Finances Law, proposed in 1999, creating benchmarks and limitations for indebtedness and wages expenses, later approved under the designation "Fiscal Responsibility Law", held to be a major progress in securing fiscal balance in the public sector in Brazil . Another important initiative was the 1993 Constitutional Amendment known as Social Emergency Fund (Fundo Social de Emergência, approved during the constitutional revision in March, 1993) which removed most of earmarking in the budget, and allowing the National Treasury to regain control of budgeted expenses. Even so, primary fiscal results were weak during the first few years after 1994.Due to the advancement of reforms, these weak fiscal numbers did not become an issue until the Asian crisis in 1997 and especially in 1998 with the Russian crisis, when Brazil entered an agreement with the IMF and started a decade long period of primary surpluses at the level of 3% of GDP. <mask> left the Central Bank after the IMF Agreement and after the reelection of Fernando Henrique Cardoso for a second term in 1998. <mask> received late in 1998 Euromoney's prize “Central Banker of the year, 1998”. Shortly after, Brazil moved into what was known as the "tripoid" policy: floating exchange rates, primary fiscal surplus and inflation targets. Brazil was ready, at this point, to switch from the exchange rate "anchor" into the inflation targets regime. <mask>'s account of controversies around the use of the exchange rate in the stabilization effort and of the dialogue between short term policies and long term reform goals was laid out in several of his writings, some in English. Rio Bravo Investimentos

After a sabbatical year back at the Catholic University as full-time professor, <mask> founded an investment company named Rio Bravo Investimentos, based in São Paulo, to manage mutual funds, structured products, and private equity, in association with Swiss Re.In August 2001 Rio Bravo acquired a broker dealer called Mercurio DTVM and started to manage REITs (Real Estate Investment Trusts) and also with the public distribution of securities. Rio Bravo developed investment banking activities from 2003, when it acquired the local operation of Dresdner Kleinworth Benson, until 2007 when these activities were transferred to Lehman Brothers. Rio Bravo was active in private equity first through Rio Bravo Nordeste I FMIEE (focused on SMEs in the Northeast region), later, in 2007, with Rio Bravo Nordeste II, the largest regional private equity fund in the country. In February 2006 Rio Bravo acquired MVP Mercatto Venture Partners Ltda., renamed as Rio Bravo Venture Partners Ltda., a venture capital management company based in Rio de Janeiro. Later, in  October 2010, Rio Bravo raised its first private equity fund dedicated to investments in renewable energy. In 2005 a Rio Bravo started Rio Bravo Project Finance Ltd to advise clients in infrastructure projects and also Rio Bravo Fundamental, a value driven listed equity mutual fund. In May 2008 Rio Bravo spun off its real estate based securitization business into a new company called RB Capital, with no shareholding from Rio Bravo partners.In 2016 RB Capital had its control bought by Orix Group from Japan. In August 2016, Rio Bravo's control was acquired by Fosun International, one of the largest private groups in China. <mask> has been a member of several boards. He is now active as board member of Banco Daycoval, Seguradora Pottencial and as Chairman of Instituto Millenium, a Brazilian think tank. Bibliography
A Moeda e a Lei: Uma História Monetária Brasileira, 1933-2013 (2017)
Antologia da Maldade (with Fabio Giambiagi) (2014)
As Leis Secretas da Economia: Revisitando Roberto Campos e as Leis do Kafka (2012)
Cartas a um Jovem Economista: Conselhos para seus Planos Econômicos (2010)
Shakespeare e a Economia (2009)
O Olhar Oblíquo do Acionista: A Economia em Machado de Assis (org.) (2007)
A Economia em Pessoa: Verbetes Contemporâneos (org.) (2006)
Crônicas da Convergência: Ensaios sobre Temas já não tão Polêmicos (2006)
O Papel e a Baixa do Câmbio: Um Discurso Histórico de Rui Barbosa (org.)(2005)
O Desafio Brasileiro: Ensaios sobre Desenvolvimento, Globalização e Moeda (1999)
O Plano Real e outros Ensaios (1995)
Foreign Direct Investment in Brazil: Its Impact on Industrial Restructuring (1991)
A Década Republicana: o Brasil e a Economia Internacional - 1888/1900 (1991)
Aspects of the Economics of Hyperinflations: Theoretical Issues and Historical Studies of Four European Hyperinflations of the 1920s (1986)
Reforma Monetária e Instabilidade Durante a Transição Republicana (1983)

References

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1956 births
Harvard University alumni
Presidents of the Central Bank of Brazil
Brazilian economists
Living people
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro

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Sir <mask> (1543 – 23 February 1620) was an English barrister and Member of Parliament. After studying at Christ's College, Cambridge, <mask> became a barrister of Gray's Inn. His legal career there began prosperously—he was employed by the Privy Council to examine witnesses—but was hampered later by his representation of the Puritans, a religious tendency which did not conform with the established Church of England. <mask> was repeatedly in contention with the ecclesiastical courts, including the Star Chamber and Court of High Commission, and was once expelled for the zeal with which he defended his client. In 1593 he was returned as the Member of Parliament for St Mawes, where he campaigned against the extension of recusancy laws. Outside of Parliament, he successfully brought a patents case which not only undermined the right of the Crown to issue patents but accurately predicted the attitude taken by the Statute of Monopolies two decades later. Returned to Parliament in 1604 for the City of London, <mask> became considered the "leader of the opposition" due to his conflict with the government over policy, fighting the impositions on currants, the patent on blue starch, and opposing the proposed union with Scotland on legal and economic grounds.In 1607, in what became known as <mask>'s Case, he again began challenging the Court of High Commission, and eventually got the Court of Common Pleas under Sir Edward Coke to agree that the common law courts had the power to free imprisoned ecclesiastical prisoners. These encounters with the ecclesiastical courts were described as "bruising", but by 1610 he was considered an "elder statesman", introducing bills on ecclesiastical reform and the statutory management of customs duties. He continued to sit in Parliament until his death on 23 February 1620. Early life and career
<mask> was born in 1543 to <mask> of Neat's Hall on the Isle of Sheppey, a merchant from London. In December 1560 he was admitted to Christ's College, Cambridge, and graduated in 1563, joining Gray's Inn during the same year. After an initial upset (on 26 May 1579, it was noted that "Mr <mask>, Reader of Staple Inn, is discharged for negligence, and fined £1"), <mask> was highly successful at Gray's; he became Reader on 26 May 1587, Dean of the chapel on 8 February 1588 and Treasurer in 1591. <mask> was a Puritan, and much engaged in their legal and other activities, for example, he arranged a lecturer for St Christopher le Stocks, a church in London, in April 1577.From December 1588 he was employed repeatedly by the Privy Council to examine witnesses, and in 1590 was charged with interrogating Sir Thomas Fitzherbert. Although his career had begun promisingly, <mask> soon found himself at odds with the authorities due to his religion, and the religion of those he chose to represent. A favoured barrister of Puritans prosecuted based on their faith, <mask> represented John Udall at Croydon assizes, when Udall was charged with having written A Discovery of the Discipline, an allegedly seditious book. The judge instructed the jury to find Udall guilty, and "leave the felony to us"; <mask> protested so vociferously at this that he was forced out of the court. In 1591, following the collapse of their case in front of the Court of High Commission, Thomas Cartwright and other Puritan ministers were tried by the Star Chamber; <mask> provided legal representation. The case was made more complicated when several of the ministers, on 16 July 1591, "proclaimed Elizabeth deposed, and William Hacket the new messiah and king of Europe"; this certainly was sedition, and saw the ministers confined to Fleet Prison, along with <mask> for offering to represent them. Cartwright and several other ministers were never convicted, however, which is attributed to "the highly professional resistance of the puritan lawyers [which] perhaps owed much to <mask>".<mask> was confined until 15 August. Parliament

Puritanism and patents

<mask> was returned for St Mawes in 1593, apparently thanks to the influence of William Cecil, and immediately began campaigning against government attempts to extend recusancy laws to Protestant splitters from the Church of England. The government introduced two such bills; the second, sent down from the House of Lords on 5 April 1593, was protested down by <mask> as "dangerous to good subjects", because it made "schisms to be equal with seditions and treasons, which is against the equity of the former law". According to records, "upon a motion of Mr <mask>'s, the whole committee assented to the striking out of the title and the whole preamble. No man spake for it". While an MP, <mask> became involved in patents cases, which continued after he left Parliament in 1597. Patents were initially intended to provide protection to merchants of new industries, making England an attractive country to conduct business in.The granting of these patents was highly popular with the monarch, both before and after the statute of Monopolies, because of the potential for raising revenue. A patentee was expected to pay heavily for the patent, and unlike a tax raise (another method of raising Crown money) any public unrest as a result of the patent was normally directed at the patentee, not the monarch. Over time, this became more and more problematic: instead of temporary monopolies on specific, imported industries, long-term monopolies came about over common commodities, including salt and starch. These "odious monopolies" led to a showdown between the Crown and Parliament, in which it was agreed, on 28 November 1601, to turn the power to administer patents over to the common law courts; at the same time, Elizabeth revoked a number of the more restrictive and damaging monopolies. One of the monopolies capable of being addressed at the common law was that over playing cards, which was granted to Edward Darcy on 13 June 1600. Darcy, in 1602, began proceedings against a Mr Allen for infringing on this patent. The Crown was represented by Sir Edward Coke, then Attorney-General for England and Wales, while George Croke and <mask> appeared for Allen.Coke argued that the Crown had the right to restrict "games of common good", while Croke said that the free trade principles of the City of London rendered the patent invalid. <mask>, however, "stole the show". He stated that only a new trade, or "a new engine tending to the furtherance of a trade that never was used before; and that for the good of the realm, the King may grant him a monopoly patent for some reasonable time until the subjects may learn the same, in consideration of the good that he doth bring by his invention, otherwise not". In this he accurately predicted the attitude taken by the Statute of Monopolies two decades later. Leader of the opposition
<mask> did not stand for election to the Commons in 1597; after its dissolution, he was returned for the City of London in the 1604 Parliament of James I. He was highly active in opposing the government, to the point where academics consider him the "leader of the opposition", although this was not a formal title at the time. During his first year, <mask> opposed the impositions on currants, the patent on blue starch, presented a petition on economic grievances (which delayed the passage of the subsidy bill), supported the restoration of removed ministers and further attacked the powers of the Court of High Commission.In 1606, the government announced plans for a formal union between England and Scotland. This project was treated with great suspicion in the House of Commons, and <mask> took the lead in opposing it. Although he used racist language, saying in December 1606 that "the Scots in other countries are more like pedlars than merchants", this was aimed at drumming up support from xenophobic elements, and Wright concludes he was not himself a xenophobe. His main concern, rather, was over economic issues. <mask> argued that the Scottish merchants would undercut and impoverish English ones, and that the markets could not handle such an influx, saying that it was "fit that we seek room to place them
in before we admit them". There was also a legal and constitutional element. The proposal was to allow all Scottish citizens, born before or after the union, to become English citizens, exercisable through the Royal Prerogative.<mask> argued that this right was only exercisable by Parliament, and believed that the extension of the Royal Prerogative would lead to future encroachment on the civil liberties of English citizens. <mask>'s Case and the Case of Prohibitions
In 1607, <mask> began challenging the Court of High Commission yet again, an ecclesiastical court established by the monarch with near unlimited power. The High Commission was vastly unpopular amongst both common lawyers and members of parliament, as the idea of "prerogative law" challenged both authorities. The appointment of Richard Bancroft as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1604 caused the issue to grow in importance; Bancroft's zeal and strictness "could hardly fail to produce an atmosphere in which principles and issues would crystallize, in which logic would supplant reasonableness". The judges, particularly Sir Edward Coke, began to unite with Parliament in challenging the High Commission. The High Commission tried people for heresy, based on their internal thoughts and private beliefs, in "a trap to catch unwary or ingenuous men – 'an unlawful process of poking about in the speculation of finding something chargeable'". In what became known as <mask>'s Case, <mask> had several clients fined by the High Commission for non-conformity, and stated that the High Commission's procedure was "popish, under jurisdiction not of Christ but of anti-Christ".For this, <mask> was held in custody for contempt of court. The Court of King's Bench argued that this was a lay matter, while the High Commission claimed it fell under their jurisdiction. In the end <mask> was convicted by the High Commission, although of heresy rather than contempt, and sent to Fleet prison. On 6 November 1608, the common law judges and members of the High Commission were summoned before the King and told that they would argue and allow him to decide. Unable to even argue properly, instead "[standing] sullen, merely denying each other's statements", the group were dismissed and reconvened a week later. Sir Edward Coke, speaking for the judges, argued that ecclesiastical courts only had jurisdiction as long as no temporal matters were involved; once this happened, it became a matter for the common law courts. At this point the King's own position in relation to the law, and his authority to decide this matter, was brought up, in what became known as the Case of Prohibitions.James stated that "In cases where there is not express authority in law, the King may himself decide in his royal person; the Judges are but delegates of the King". Coke challenged this, saying "the King in his own person cannot adjudge any case, either criminal – as treason, felony etc, or betwixt party and party; but this ought to be determined and adjudged in some court of justice, according to the Law and Custom of England". Coke further stated that "The common law protecteth the King", to which James replied "The King protecteth the law, and not the law the King! The King maketh judges and bishops. If the judges interpret the laws themselves and suffer none else to interpret, they may easily make, of the laws, shipmen's hose!". Coke rejected this, stating that while the monarch was not subject to any individual, he was subject to the law. Until he had gained sufficient knowledge of the law, he had no right to interpret it; he pointed out that such knowledge "demanded mastery of an artificial reason ... which requires long study and experience, before that a man can attain to the cognizance of it".Victorious, Coke freely left, and continued to issue writs of prohibition against the High Commission. Later career and death
By 1610, <mask> was considered an "elder statesman" within Parliament, "although his influence may have been somewhat weakened by the bruising encounters with high commission and star chamber". He introduced two bills to reform or remove ecclesiastical committees and courts, which passed in the House of Commons of England on 21 May and 20 June, though both were later rejected by the Lords. On 3 November he began campaigning to have customs duties put into a statutory framework, again against the Court of High Commission, which, he claimed, as an unelected and autonomous body could not be trusted, but rather Parliament should be given jurisdiction. In a speech on 23 June 1610 he said that "the laws of England are the most high inheritance of the land, whereby both king and subjects are directed and guided". Customs were "not at the king's pleasure to be increased without the consent of the subjects", and "impositions and customs laid on subjects’ goods and merchandise...was always done by several acts of parliament". Wright notes that this was apparently greeted with complete silence, possibly because, while the MPs agreed that civil liberties had been eroded, they felt it was too dangerous to reclaim them.On 23 February 1620, <mask> died at his home, Chamberhouse, at Crookham in Thatcham, Berkshire, and was buried at the village's parish church on 2 March. Most of his estate was passed to his wife, Sarah (sister of Samuel Backhouse MP), and his eldest son, <mask>, who died only four months later, leaving a three-year-old son. References

Bibliography

1543 births
1620 deaths
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
English legal writers
Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
Members of Gray's Inn
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
English barristers
People from Thatcham
Members of the Parliament of England for the City of London
English MPs 1593
English MPs 1604–1611
English MPs 1614
16th-century English lawyers

masks:
Nicholas Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Nicholas Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Nicholas Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
Fuller
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Nicholas


texts:
<mask> (; August 7, 1896 – November 29, 1963) was a Cuban composer and pianist of worldwide fame. He composed over six hundred pieces, mostly in the Cuban vein, and was a pianist of exceptional skill. His father was Canarian and his mother was Cuban. Biography

<mask> was born in Guanabacoa, Havana, Cuba, Kingdom of Spain. There are inconsistencies surrounding his birthdate, with some sources indicating the year 1895, and others still giving the day as August 6. He started studying piano at the age of five, under his sister <mask>, a famed composer in her own right. As a child prodigy, he composed his first song at the age of 11.He later studied at the Peyrellade Conservatoire under Antonio Saavedra and Joaquín Nin. <mask> graduated from the National Conservatory of Havana with a Gold Medal for interpretation when he was 15 years old. He performed outside of Cuba at the Aeolian Hall (New York) in 1916. In 1918, he collaborated with Luis Casas Romero, Moisés Simons, Jaime Prats, Nilo Menéndez and Vicente Lanz in setting up a successful player piano music roll factory in Cuba producing Cuban music and also copies from masters made by QRS in the US. The brand label was "Rollo Autógrafo". He first traveled to Spain in 1924 on a concert tour with violinist Marta de la Torre; his successful piano recitals in 1927 and 1928 at the Salle Pleyel in Paris coincided with a rise in interest in Cuban music. His popularity brought him to concert halls in Buenos Aires, Rio de Janeiro, and Lima in South America, as well as Paris, Nice, Barcelona, Madrid, and London in Europe, followed by more engagements in New York.María la O, Lecuona's zarzuela, premiered in Havana on March 1, 1930. He was a prolific composer of songs and music for stage and film. He scored some of the film music for The Cuban Love Song, Always in My Heart, and One More Tomorrow. The entire musical score of the film Carnival in Costa Rica was penned by <mask>. His works consisted of zarzuela, Afro-Cuban and Cuban rhythms, suites and many songs which are still famous. They include "Siboney" ("Canto Siboney"), "Malagueña" and "The Breeze And I" ("Andalucía"). In 1942, his hit, "Always in my Heart" ("Siempre en mi Corazón") was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song; however, it lost to "White Christmas".<mask>ona Symphonic Orchestra, employing soloists including Cuban pianist and composer Carmelina Delfín. The Orchestra performed in the Cuban Liberation Day Concert at Carnegie Hall on October 10, 1943. The concert included the world premiere of <mask>'s Black Rhapsody. <mask>ona Cuban Boys, though he did not play as a member of the band. He did sometimes play piano solos as the first item on the bill. In 1960, thoroughly unhappy with Castro's new régime, <mask> moved to Tampa, Florida and lived on West Orient Street in West Tampa with his relative, singer Esperanza Chediak. <mask> lived his final years in the US, but while traveling in the Canary Islands three years later, he died of a heart attack in the town of Santa Cruz de Tenerife on November 29, 1963, where he was trying to recuperate from a lung ailment.He was interred at Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Hawthorne, New York, but his will instructs that his remains be repatriated once the current régime runs its course. A great deal of <mask>'s music was first introduced to mass American audiences by Desi Arnaz, a fellow Cuban and Lucille Ball's spouse. <mask>'s talent for composition has influenced the Latin American world in a way quite similar to George Gershwin in the United States, in his case raising Cuban music to classical status. <mask> and Ernestina's cousin Margarita <mask> was another accomplished musician and composer. She was the author of the song "Babalú", made popular in the Latin American world by Miguelito Valdés, and in the United States by Desi Arnaz. In popular culture
<mask> was included as a character in the novel The Island of Eternal Love, by Miami-based Cuban writer Daína Chaviano, together with other important names in Cuban music. Selected compositions

For piano

 Ante El Escorial
 Aragón
 Aragonesa
 San Francisco El Grande
 Siboney
 Suite Andalucía
 Córdova/Córdoba
 Andalucía/Andaluza
 Alhambra
 Gitanerías
 Guadalquivir
 Malagueña
 Valencia Mora
 Zambra Gitana

Waltz
 Apasionado
 Crisantemo
 La bemol
 Maravilloso
 Poético
 Romántico
 Si menor (Rococó)
 Vals Azul

Others

 Afro-Cuban suite
 Ahí viene el chino
 Al fin te vi
 Amorosa
 Andar
 Aquí está
 Arabesque
 Bell Flower
 Benilde
 Burlesca
 Canto del guajiro
 Cajita de música
 Como arrullo de palmas
 Como baila el muñeco
 Dame tu amor
 Danza de los Ñáñigos
 Danza Lucumí
 Diario de un niño
 Ella y yo
 ¡Échate pa'llá María!El batey
 El miriñaque
 El sombrero de yarey
 El tanguito de Mamá (también llamada A la Antigua)
 En tres por cuatro
 Eres tú el amor
 Futurista
 Gonzalo, ¡no bailes más! Impromptu
 La 32
 La primera en la frente
 La Comparsa
 La conga de medianoche
 La habanera
 La danza interrumpida
 La mulata
 La negra Lucumí
 La Cardenense
 Los Minstrels
 Lola Cruz
 Lola está de fiesta
 Lloraba en sueños
 Mazurka en glissando
 Melancolía
 Mientras yo comía maullaba el gato
 Mis tristezas
 María la O
 Muneca de Cristal
 Muñequita
 Negra Mercé
 Negrita
 ¡No hables más! No me olvides
 No puedo contigo
 Noche Azul
 Orquídeas
 Pensaba en ti
 Polichinela
 ¿Por qué te vas? Preludio en la noche
 ¡Que risa me da! Mi abuela bailaba así
 Rapsodia Negra
 Rosa, la china
 Tú serás
 Tres miniaturas
 ¡Y la negra bailaba! ¡Y sigue la lloviznita! Yo soy así
 Yumurí
 Zapateo y guajira
 Zenaida

See also

 List of Cubans
Rafael A. Lecuona
Marcos Madrigal

References

External links
Songwriters Hall of Fame
Piano Rolls (The Reproducing Piano Roll Foundation)
 Villaverde, Christina,  Cinco Canciones con Versos de Juana de Ibarbourou: The Art Song Style Of Ernesto Lecuona (2011).Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations. Paper 5249. <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings

1896 births
1963 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century male musicians
Composers for piano
Cuban classical composers
Cuban classical pianists
Latin music composers
Male classical composers
Male classical pianists
People from Havana
Cuban people of Canarian descent
Cuban expatriates in the United States
Deaths from asthma
Burials at Gate of Heaven Cemetery (Hawthorne, New York)

masks:
Ernesto Lecuona y Casado
Lecuona
Ernestina Lecuona
Lecuona
Lecuona
Lecuonacu
Lecuona
Lecuonacu
Lecuona
Lecuona
Lecuona
Lecuona
Ernesto
Lecuona
Lecuona
Ernesto Lecuona


texts:
<mask><mask>, is a Full Professor of Biological Science at Duquesne University Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, where he researches and teaches molecular neurobiology. He is Principal Investigator for The Partnership in Education, a non-profit multidisciplinary health literacy and informal science education project at Duquesne University funded primarily through a Science Education Partnership Award(SEPA) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, a component of the National Institutes of Health. <mask> holds the additional title of Co-Director for the Chronic Pain Research Consortium at Duquesne University. He serves as a faculty affiliate at the BrainHub at Carnegie Mellon University and separately at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh/UPMC. Education
After receiving a B.S. and M.S. in physics from Syracuse University, <mask> earned his Ph.D. in biophysics in 1984 under the guidance of Dr. Edward Lipson.He did his post doctoral training at the California Institute of Technology with Seymour Benzer, where he studied the molecular neurogenetics of the developing eye and brain. Scientific career
<mask> worked at Carnegie Mellon University as an assistant and associate professor of biology and director of biological sciences graduate programs. In 2001 he became an associate professor of biology and then full professor at Duquesne University, where he continues his research in molecular neurobiology and serves as director of the graduate program. <mask>'s research in neurobiology focused on the development of nerve cells in the fruit fly Drosophila. His early work explored the cell specific expression of genes such as sevenless, the opsins and arrestins. He also helped to develop techniques for the subcellular localization of mRNAs by high voltage electron microscopy. His research has more recently identified that the RUNX1 transcription factor, Lozenge, initially influences cells with undetermined fates to choose survival over death, while Lozenge proteins contribute to how a cell chooses a specific fate.Following his independent cloning of TRP in the 1980s, <mask> has re-focused his research on TRP related proteins that are involved in pain sensation in the peripheral nervous system. <mask> also collaborates with Jelena Janjic, Ph.D. of the School of Pharmacy of the Rangos School of Health Sciences at Duquesne University analyzing the involvement of neuroinflammation in the changes in TRPV1 expression and the attenuation of inflammation with nano-emulsion delivered drug therapy. In addition to neurobiology, <mask> has taught such subjects as developmental biology, light microscopy, physics, calculus, astronomy and ethics. Informal science education

The Partnership in Education
As director and executive producer of The Partnership in Education, <mask> specializes in creating planetarium shows and interactive multimedia that visualize topics in health and biology. Several past productions have focused on the potential for stem cell and tissue engineering research to help patients suffering from bone, heart and spinal cord trauma and disease, as well as autoimmune diseases like Type I Diabetes. <mask> initially became interested in animation as a way to simplify and communicate important topics in science while a graduate student at Syracuse University, where he was the only science major in his animation class. As a research fellow at the STUDIO for Creative Inquiry at Carnegie Mellon, an interdisciplinary arts center that enables art-science collaboration, he began collaborating with colleague Patricia Maurides and the Pittsburgh Tissue Engineering Initiative (PTEI) in 1996.He acted as science adviser to Journey into the Living Cell (1996) and co-director and science adviser for the internationally distributed Gray Matters: The Brain Movie (2000). Building on these initial successes, in 2000 <mask> (as co-PI) and his collaborators at the STUDIO for Creative Inquiry and PTEI received a $1.62 million five-year Science Education Partnership Award (SEPA) from the National Center for Research Resources. In 2001, at Duquesne University, <mask> founded The Partnership in Education focused on developing digital media for informal STEM education. <mask> received a second SEPA in 2006 and then a third SEPA in 2014 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS). Planetarium shows
Since 2000, <mask> has directed and produced several health literacy planetarium shows, including Tissue Engineering for Life, Regenerobot and the Robot Science Fair, Dr. Allevable's Unbelievable Laboratory – Bone and Heart, Our Cells, Our Selves, and How We Grow. Many have been shown at the Carnegie Science Center Buhl Planetarium, and have been distributed to science centers and educators worldwide. Partnering with the Entertainment Technology Center (ETC), <mask> led the production of several video games that expand upon lessons in the films.He received national recognition at the 2010 Games for Health conference. Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview
Upon receiving the 2008 Darwin Evolution/Revolution Award from the NIH, <mask> and his team marked the bicentennial of the birth of Charles Darwin with a year-long celebration titled "Darwin 2009: A Pittsburgh Partnership". The life and intellectual impact of Darwin was celebrated in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, with a citywide series of events for children, teachers, students, and the general public. Unique aspects of Darwin's accomplishments were highlighted using the distinct abilities and resources of six major cultural institutions throughout Pittsburgh. The key event was the Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview, an interactive display created in partnership with the ETC that allows visitors to ask 199 questions to a virtual re-creation of Darwin. The exhibit is installed as a permanent installation at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh, and the software has been used as part of the science curriculum of Pittsburgh Public Schools. In 2015, <mask> released the Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview mobile app for iOS and Android devices, an adaptation of the original software.The app received a Parents' Choice Award in 2016. Scientastic! Other projects led by <mask> include Scientastic!, a combination live-action and animated television show of two episodes for pre-teens and teens that explores topics in health and science, as well as social issues. The second episode titled "Are You Sleeping?" explored the science of sleep and was distributed to public television stations throughout the United States by American Public Television. It aired in April 2014 and was made available for digital download. In 2015, the episode won two Emmy Awards from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (Mid-Atlantic Chapter); the Emmy Award for Children/Youth/Teen Program or Special and the Emmy Award for Musical Composition/Arrangement.The pilot episode titled "Sticks and Stones" debuted on WQED, Pittsburgh's local PBS station, in September 2010 and focused on broken bones and bone regeneration. It starred Riverdale actress Lili Reinhart as the show's main character. Mobile apps
In addition to the Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview app, <mask> has led the development of several mobile apps through The Partnership in Education. Powers of Minus Ten – Bone, a companion app to Scientastic! "Sticks and Stones" about bone biology, received recognition by Apple in the 2011 App Store Rewind and has been downloaded over 600,000 times. <mask> later developed a mobile app series titled BiblioTech, which uses an interactive narrative platform. BiblioTech "CityHacks: In Search of Sleep", a companion app to Scientastic!"In Search of Sleep," further explores stories on the need for sleep. In 2016, the app received a Parents' Choice Award and a bronze honor at the international 2016 Serious Play Conference. Subsequently, an app on sports-related concussion titled BiblioTech "Rebound: Beating Concussions" won a Parents' Choice Award in 2018. The app uses "Adaptive Reader" software, which allows readers to switch the reading level of the text. Awards
In 2018, <mask> was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), the world's largest scientific society. <mask> is a recipient of the 2018 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring, the highest national mentoring award bestowed by the White House, which recognizes those who have "demonstrated excellence in mentoring individuals from groups that are underrepresented in STEM education and workforce." <mask> also received the 2011 Carnegie Science Award honoring his efforts in informal science education and was named an Apple Distinguished Educator in 2017.He has been a featured speaker at a TEDxYouth conference in 2016 and engages in community service by volunteering as a reading tutor, among other activities. Selected awards

 2018 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
2018 Presidential Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring
 2018 Duquesne University President's Award for Faculty Excellence in Service to the Mission
 2018 Parents' Choice 'Recommended' Award for Mobile App for "Rebound: Beating Concussions"
 2017 Apple Distinguished Educator
 2016 International Serious Play Competition Bronze Honors
 2016 Create Pittsburgh Top 10 Education and Gaming Projects of the Year
 2016 Parents' Choice 'Recommended' Award for Mobile App for "CityHacks: In Search of Sleep"
 2016 Parents' Choice 'Recommended' Award for Mobile App for "Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview"
 2015 Emmy Award for Children/Youth/Teen Program
 2015 Emmy Award for Musical Composition/Arrangement
 2013 Duquesne University President's Award for Excellence in Teaching
 2013 Apple App Store Rewind 'New & Noteworthy' for Powers of Minus Ten – Bone
 2011 Carnegie Science Award, Special Recognition in Science Education

Funding

 Science Education Partnership Award (NIH)
 Darwin Evolution/Revolution Award (NIH)
 U.S. Department of Education
 The Pittsburgh Foundation
 John Templeton Foundation
 UPMC Health Plan
Hillman Family Foundations

Selected publications
B. Kantorski, C. W. Sanford-Dolly, D. R. Commisso, J. A<mask> (2019). Backward design as a mobile application development strategy. Educational Technology Research and Development, 67(3), 711–731. M. Saleem, A. Stevens, B. Deal, L. Liu, J. M. Janjic, J.A<mask> (2019). New Best Practice for Validating Tail Vein Injections in Rat with Near-infrared-Labeled Agents. J. Vis. Exp. (146), e59295, doi:10.3791/59295. M. Janjic, K. Vasudeva, M. Saleem, A. Stevens, L. Liu, S. Patel, J. A<mask> (2018).Low-dose NSAIDs reduce pain via targeted nanoemulsion delivery to neuroinflammation in rat. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 318, 72–79. D. J. Lampe, B. Kantorski, J. A<mask> (2018) Charles Darwin Synthetic Interview: A 19th century scientist speaks in the 21st century. Journal of STEM Outreach, 1(1). B. Kolber, J. Janjic, J. A<mask>, K Tidgewell (2016).Summer undergraduate research: A new pipeline for pain clinical practice and research. BMC Medical Education,16(1),135. K. Vasudeva, Y. Vodovotz, N<mask>, D. Barclay, J. M. Janjic, J. A<mask> (2015). In vivo and systems biology studies implicate IL-18 as a central mediator in chronic pain. Journal of Neuroimmunology, 283, 3-49. K. Vasudeva, K<mask>, B. Zeyzus-<mask>, S. K. Patel, T. K. Hitchens, J. M. Janjic, J.A<mask> (2014). Imaging neuroinflammation in vivo in a neuropathic pain rat model with near-infrared fluorescence and 19F magnetic resonance. PLOS One, 9(2), e90589. A. Wilson, L. Gonzalez, J. A<mask> (2012). Evaluating learning and attitudes on tissue engineering: A study of children viewing animated digital dome shows detailing the biomedicine of tissue engineering. Tissue Engineering (Part A), 18(5-6), 576–586.J. Ricou, J. A<mask> (2012). The Tree, The Spiral And The Web of Life: A Visual Exploration. Leonardo Journal, 45(1), 18–25. K. Lawrence, C. Stilley, J.A<mask>, D. Webber, E. Quivers (2011). A family-centered educational program to promote independence in pediatric heart transplant recipients.Progress in Transplantation, 21(1), 61–66. N.A. Siddall, G.R. Hime, J.A<mask>, P. Batterham (2009). Ttk69-dependent repression of lozenge prevents the ectopic development of R7 cells in the Drosophila larval eye disc. Biomed Central: Developmental Biology, 9(64).K. Jackson-Behan, J. Fair, S. Singh, M. Bogwitz, T. Perry, V. Grubor, F. Cunningham, C. Nichols, T. Cheung, P. Batterham and J.A<mask> (2005). Alternative splicing removes an Ets interaction domain from Lozenge during Drosophila eye development. Development Genes and Evolution, 215(8), 423–435. B. Gillo, I. Chorna, H. Cohen, B. Cook, I. Manistersky, 0. Devary, A<mask>, A. Baumann, U.B. Kaupp, J. A<mask>, Z. Selinger, B. Minke (1996). Co-expression of Drosophila TRP and TRPL in Xenopus oocytes reconstitutes a capacitative Ca2+ entry similar to the light-activated conductance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 93(24), 14146–14151. R. C. Hardie, A. Peretz, J. A<mask>, B. Minke (1993). Ca2+ Limits the development of the lightresponse in Drosophila photoreceptors.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 252(1335), 223–229. J. A<mask> and Seymour Benzer (1988). Transcript localization of four opsin genes In the three visual organs in Drosophila; RH2 is ocellus specific. Nature, 333(6175), 779–782. U. Banerjee, P. J. Renfranz, J. A<mask>, Seymour Benzer (1987).Molecular characterization and expression of sevenless, a gene involved in neural pattern formation in the Drosophila eye. Cell, 49(2), 281–291. References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, Bayer School of Natural and Environmental Sciences. Dr. <mask> receives Carnegie Science Award, Regenerative Medicine. Duquesne University
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
Syracuse University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
John A
. Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
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Pollock
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Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Azhar
. Pollock
. Andersen
Johns
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Arnon
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
. Pollock
John Archie
Pollock
John Pollock