texts:
<mask> (born November 19, 1942) is an American poet. Olds won the first San Francisco Poetry Center Award in 1980, the 1984 National Book Critics Circle Award, and the 2013 Pulitzer Prize in Poetry. She teaches creative writing at New York University and is a previous director of the Creative Writing Program at NYU. Early life
<mask> was born on November 19, 1942, in San Francisco, California, but was brought up in Berkeley, California, along with her siblings. She was raised as a "hellfire Calvinist," as she describes it. Her father, like his before him, was an alcoholic who was often abusive to his children. In Olds' writing she often refers to the time (or possibly even times) when her father tied her to a chair.Olds' mother was often either unable or too afraid to come to the aid of her children. The strict religious environment in which Olds was raised had certain rules of censorship and restriction. Olds was not permitted to go to the movies and the family did not own a television, but her reading was not censored. She liked fairy tales, and also read Nancy Drew and Life magazine. By nature "a pagan and a pantheist," she has said that in childhood she was exposed in her church to "both great literary art and bad literary art," with "the great art being psalms and the bad art being hymns. The four-beat was something that was just part of my consciousness from before I was born." Of her Calvinist childhood, she said in 2011 that though she was about 15 when she conceived of herself as an atheist, "I think it was only very recently that I can really tell that there's nobody there with a copybook making marks against your name."Olds was sent east to Dana Hall School, an all-girls school for grades 6 to 12 in Wellesley, Massachusetts, that boasts an impressive list of alumnae. There she studied mostly English, History, and Creative Writing. Her favorite poets included William Shakespeare, Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, and Edna St. Vincent Millay, but it was Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems that she carried in her purse through 10th grade. For her bachelor's degree <mask> returned to California where she earned her BA at Stanford University in 1964. Following this, <mask> once again moved cross country to New York, where she earned her Ph.D. in English in 1972 from Columbia University. She teaches creative writing at New York University. She wrote her doctoral dissertation on "Emerson's Prosody," because she appreciated the way he defied convention.Personal life

On March 23, 1968, she married Dr. David Douglas <mask> in New York City and, in 1969, gave birth to the first of their two children. In 1997, after 29 years of marriage, they divorced, and Olds moved to New Hampshire, though she commutes to New York three days a week. There, she lives in the same Upper West Side apartment she has lived in for the past 40 years while working as a Professor at New York University. In New Hampshire she lives in Graylag Cabins in Pittsfield. Her partner, Carl Wallman, is a former cattle breeder. In 2005, First Lady Laura Bush invited Olds to the National Book Festival in Washington, D.C. Olds declined the invitation and responded with an open letter published in The Nation. The editors suggested others follow her example.She concluded her letter by explaining: "So many Americans who had felt pride in our country now feel anguish and shame for the current regime of blood, wounds and fire. I thought of the clean linens at your table, the shining knives and the flames of the candles, and I could not stomach it." Poetry
Following her Ph.D., Olds let go of an attachment to what she thought she knew about poetic convention and began to write about her family, abuse, and sex, focusing on the work and not the audience. Olds has said that she is more informed by the work of poets such as Galway Kinnell, Muriel Rukeyser and Gwendolyn Brooks than by confessional poets like Anne Sexton or Sylvia Plath. Plath, she comments "was a great genius, with an IQ of at least double mine" and while these women charted well the way of women in the world she says "their steps were not steps I wanted to put my feet in." When Olds first sent her poetry to a literary magazine she received a reply saying, "This is a literary magazine. If you wish to write about this sort of subject, may we suggest the Ladies' Home Journal.The true subjects of poetry are … male subjects, not your children." <mask> eventually published her first collection, Satan Says, in 1980, at the age of 37. Satan Says sets up the sexual and bodily candour that would run through much of her work. In "The Sisters of Sexual Treasure" she writes, "As soon as my sister and I got out of our/ mother's house, all we wanted to/do was fuck, obliterate/her tiny sparrow body and narrow/grasshopper legs." The collection is divided into four sections: "Daughter," "Woman," "Mother," "Journeys." These titles echo the familial influence that is prevalent in much of <mask>' work. The Dead and the Living was published in February 1984.This collection is divided into two sections: "Poems for the Dead" and "Poems for the Living." The first section begins with poems about global injustices. These injustices include the Armenian genocide during WWI, the 1921 Tulsa Race Riot, the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, and even the death of Marilyn Monroe. Olds' book The Wellspring (1996), shares with her previous work the use of raw language and startling images to convey truths about domestic and political violence and family relationships. In a New York Times review, Lucy McDiarmid hailed her poetry for its vision: "like Whitman, Ms. Olds sings the body in celebration of a power stronger than political oppression." Alicia Ostriker noted Olds traces the "erotics of family love and pain." Ostriker continues: "In later collections, [Olds] writes of an abusive childhood, in which miserably married parents bully and punish and silence her.She writes, too, of her mother's apology "after 37 years," a moment when "The sky seemed to be splintering, like a window/someone is bursting into or out of." Olds' work is anthologized in over 100 collections, ranging from literary/poetry textbooks to special collections. Her poetry has been translated into seven languages for international publications. She has been published in Beloit Poetry Journal. She was the New York State Poet Laureate for 1998–2000. Stag's Leap was published in 2013. The poems were written in 1997, following the divorce from her husband of 29 years.The poems focus on her husband, and even sometimes his mistress. The collection won the T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry. She is the first American woman to win this award. It also won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Women's Movement
Olds did not participate in the Women's Movement at first, but she says, "My first child was born in 1969. In 1968 the Women's Movement in New York City—especially among a lot of women I knew—was very alive. I had these strong ambitions to enter the bourgeoisie if I could.I wasn't a radical at all. But I do remember understanding that I had never questioned that men had all the important jobs. And that was shocking—well, I was 20 years old! I'd never thought, "Oh, where's the woman bus driver?" So there's another subject—which was what it felt like to be a woman in the world." Honors and awards
 1978 Creative Artists Public Service Grant
 1978 Madeline Sadin Award, New York Quarterly
 1979 Younger Poets Award, Poetry Miscellany
 1980 Satan Says inaugural San Francisco Poetry Center Award. 1981–1982 Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
 1982–1983 National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship
 1983 The Dead and the Living Lamont Poetry Prize, and the National Book Critics Circle Award.1992 The Father, shortlisted for the T. S. Eliot Prize and was a finalist for The National Book Critics Circle Award. 1993–1996 Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers Award
 1998–2000 New York State Poet Laureate
 2002 Academy of American Poets Fellowship
 2002 The Unswept Room, Finalist for the National Book Award for Poetry
 2003 Judge, Griffin Poetry Prize; for "distinguished poetic achievement at mid-career"
 2004 Barnes & Noble Writers for Writers Awards
 2004 Became member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 2006–2012 Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets
 2009 One Secret Thing, shortlisted for the T.S. Eliot Prize and the Forward Prize
2012 T.S. Eliot Prize, Stag's Leap
 2012 Stag's Leap, named as one of "Oprah's Favorite Reads of 2012"
2013 Pulitzer Prize, Stag's Leap
 2014 Donald Hall-Jane Kenyon Prize in American Poetry
 2015 Elected to become a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters (to be inducted mid-May 2015)
 2016 Wallace Stevens Award from the Academy of American Poets
 2020 Shortlisted for the Griffin Poetry Prize, Arias

Bibliography

Collections

1987 The Gold Cell, Knopf
1987 The Matter of This World, Slow Dancer Press
1991 The Sign of Saturn, Secker & Warburg
1992 The Father, Secker & Warburg
1996 The Wellspring, Knopf
1999 Blood, Tin, Straw, Knopf
2002 The Unswept Room, Tandem Library
2004 Strike Sparks: Selected Poems 1980–2002, Knopf
2008 One Secret Thing, Random House
2012 Stag's Leap, Knopf
2016 Odes, Knopf
2017 Penguin Modern Poets 3: Your Family, Your Body by Malika Booker, <mask>, Warsan Shire. Penguin. 2019 Arias Penguin Random House

References

External links

 Official Website of Sharon Olds
 Audio recording (.mp3) of Sharon Olds reading from her work at the Key West Literary Seminar, January 2003
 "Advice to Young Poets: Sharon Olds in Conversation" from the 2009 Aldeburgh Poetry Festival Recorded by The Poetry Trust
 Sharon Olds: Poems and Profile at Poets.org
 Poems by Sharon Olds at PoetryFoundation.org
 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign – Modern American Poetry's Sharon Olds section
 Sharon Olds, Gwen Harwood and Dorothy Hewett: Truth, Lies, Poetry Cordite Poetry Review
 Reviews of Blood, Tin, Straw
 Olds' Poet Laureate site

 Interview recorded at the Lensic Theater in Santa Fe, New Mexico on April 10, 2002. (Audio 1hr 30 mins)
 "Sharon Olds: 'I want a poem to be useful'", Kate Kellaway, The Observer, 5 January 2013

1942 births
Living people
American women poets
Columbia University alumni
New York University faculty
Poets Laureate of New York (state)
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners
Stanford University alumni
The New Yorker people
Writers from Manhattan
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
People from Pittsfield, New Hampshire
People from the Upper West Side
Dana Hall School alumni
T. S. Eliot Prize winners
American women academics
21st-century American women

masks:
Sharon Olds
Sharon Olds
Olds
Olds
Olds
Olds
Olds
Sharon Olds


type: original

texts:
<mask> () (852 – April 29, 926), né <mask> () or <mask> (), known as <mask> () during Later Liang, courtesy name Guowei (), formally Prince Zhongsu of Qi (), was a late Tang Dynasty warlord who later was a senior official during the succeeding Later Liang and Later Tang. He was credited for rebuilding the city of Luoyang from utter destruction from the warfares in the late Tang period into a prosperous city. During Tang Dynasty

Background and service under Huang Chao
<mask> was born in 852, during the reign of Emperor Xuānzong. His biography in the History of the Five Dynasties indicated that he was originally named <mask>, and his biography in the New History of the Five Dynasties indicated that he was originally named <mask>. His family was from Linpu (臨濮, in modern Heze, Shandong), and both his grandfather <mask>n () and father <mask> () were farmers. <mask> himself served as a farm inspector for the Linpu County government, but in his service was often insulted by the county magistrate. Therefore, when, late in the Qianfu era (874-879) of Emperor Xuānzong's grandson Emperor Xizong, when the region was overrun by the major agrarian rebel Huang Chao, <mask> joined Huang's army.After Huang captured the Tang imperial capital Chang'an and forced Emperor Xizong to flee to Chengdu around the new year 881, Huang established a new state of Qi with himself as emperor. <mask> served in Huang's government as the minister of civil service affairs (吏部尚書, Libu Shangshu) and the director of transportation. Service under Zhuge Shuang and Zhuge Zhongfang
After Huang Chao was eventually defeated by Tang forces and chased out of Chang'an, <mask>yi joined the army of the Tang general Zhuge Shuang the military governor (Jiedushi) of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern Jiaozuo, Henan). He distinguished himself serving under Zhuge, and Zhuge eventually made him the prefect of Ze Prefecture (澤州, in modern Jincheng, Shanxi). Zhuge died in 886. <mask> and another officer of Zhuge's, Liu Jing (), supported Zhuge's son Zhuge Zhongfang () as acting military governor. Liu, however, controlled the governance of the circuit, drawing resentment from other officers.Late in 886, Liu became suspicious of the officer Li Hanzhi, and he decided to use Luoyang as a base to launch a surprise attack on Li's base at Minchi (澠池, in modern Luoyang). Li defeated him, however, forcing him to abandon Luoyang and flee north of the Yellow River back to the circuit capital Heyang. Li gave chase, and was about to chase the Yellow River, when Liu sent <mask> to try to stop Li. However, as <mask> also resented Liu's hold on the circuit governance, he instead joined Li, and they jointly attacked Heyang but could not capture it. They then withdrew to Huai Prefecture (懷州, in modern Luoyang). As this Heyang Circuit internecine confrontation was going on, the former Tang general Qin Zongquan, who had declared himself emperor at Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered in modern Zhumadian, Henan), sent his general Sun Ru toward Heyang, and Sun soon captured the city. Zhuge Zhongfang fled to Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan).Sun thereafter claimed the title of military governor of Heyang. However, <mask> and Li occupied Huai and Ze Prefectures, respectively, and resisted Sun. After Qin thereafter suffered a major defeat at the hands of Xuanwu's military governor Zhu Quanzhong, Sun withdrew from Heyang. <mask> and Li rejoined forces, with Li taking over Heyang and <mask> taking over Luoyang; they then jointly sought aid from the major warlord Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi). Li Keyong sent his officer An Jinjun () to take over Ze Prefecture as prefect and to aid Li Hanzhi and <mask>; he also commissioned Li Hanzhi as the military governor of Heyang and <mask> as the mayor of Henan Municipality (河南, i.e., Luoyang). As vassal of Li Hanzhi/Li Keyong
At the time that <mask> took over as the mayor of Henan, it was said by historical accounts that the city had been laid waste by the wars, with the remnants of the population gathered within three castles of the city, totaling less than 100 households. <mask> set up his headquarters at one of those castles, Zhongzhou (), while selecting 18 capable officers and sending them out to the 18 counties of the municipality other than the two in the city center, to be in charge of rebuilding their counties and welcoming the refugee population back.He simplified the laws, making murder the only capital offense, while the other offenses were punishable only by caning; he also exempted the people from taxes. As a result, the refugee population returned in droves, and he trained them in the military arts so that they could defend themselves. Within a few years, the city recovered to appearing to be like the old days before the wars, and the fields were no longer fallow, but filled with mulberries and hemp. It was said that the larger counties were capable of producing 7,000 soldiers, and the smaller counties 2,000. It was said that <mask> governed with intelligence and that his subordinates could not deceive him. He rewarded the households that was particularly good at farming wheat or sericulture with clothes and tea. Under his rule, Henan became a rich city again.Meanwhile, <mask> initially had a cordial relationship with Li Hanzhi, whose Heyang Circuit his Henan Municipality belonged to, and they even cut their own arms to swear to be brothers. However, Li Hanzhi viewed <mask>'s promotion of farming lightly. He also made a habit of making all kinds of material demands on <mask>, to the point that whenever he was not satisfied with what <mask> supplied his army, he would arrest <mask>'s subordinates and cane them. Initially, <mask> put on the appearance of fearing Li Hanzhi and doing everything to appease him. In 888, when Li Hanzhi was on a campaign against the army of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), Huguo's military governor Wang Chongying sent secret emissaries to persuade <mask> to turn against Li Hanzhi. <mask> agreed, and he launched a surprise attack on Heyang at night, capturing it and taking Li Hanzhi's household captive. He then claimed the title of military governor of Heyang for himself.As vassal of Zhu Quanzhong
Li Hanzhi fled to Ze Prefecture and sought aid from Li Keyong. Li Keyong sent his officer Kang Junli, commanding five other officers (Li Cunxiao, Xue Atan (), Shi Yan (), An Jinjun, and An Xiuxiu () to aid Li Hanzhi in trying to recapture Heyang. They put Heyang under siege, and the food supplies ran out. <mask> thus sent his wife and children to Zhu Quanzhong as hostages to seek aid from him. Zhu sent his officers Ding Hui, Ge Congzhou, and Niu Cunjie () to aid <mask>. They defeated the Hedong forces, and then postured to cut off the Hedong forces' return path to Hedong through the Taihang Mountains. In fear, Kang took his army and withdrew.Zhu commissioned Ding the acting military governor of Heyang and recommissioned <mask> as the mayor of Henan. It was said that because <mask> was appreciative of Zhu's saving his life, he never had any thoughts of turning against Zhu from this point on, and he plenteously supplied Zhu's army in Zhu's subsequent campaigns. Soon thereafter, Henan was turned into its own circuit (Youguo ()), and then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong (Emperor Xizong's brother and successor) commissioned <mask> its military governor. In 890, when the imperial government, at the request of Zhu's and that of Li Kuangwei the military governor of Lulong Circuit (盧龍, headquartered in modern Beijing, declared a general campaign against Li Keyong, <mask> led an army to participate in Zhu's operation, along with Ge and Zhu's son Zhu Youyu (), to wrest Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi) from Li Keyong's control. The campaign, however, eventually ended in failure when Li Keyong's main forces crushed the imperial forces commanded by the chancellor <mask>, and Li Keyong was able to retain Zhaoyi at that point. Later in the year, <mask> received the honorary chancellor title of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (). In 892, after Zhu, for reasons unclear to history, requested that then-military governor of Heyang, Zhao Keyu (), be demoted, <mask> was made the military governor of Heyang, in addition to Youguo.(However, at some point, Ding was made acting military governor of Heyang again, and in 899 was made full military governor.) In 896, by which time Emperor Zhaozong had fled to Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern Weinan, Shaanxi), which was then governed by Han Jian, due to attacks on Chang'an by Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi), Zhu Quanzhong and <mask> were submitted repeated joint petitions for the emperor to move the capital to Luoyang. In fear, Li Maozhen apologized to the emperor, repaired the palace

masks:
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Juyan
Zhang Yan
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Juyan
Zhang Yan
Zhang Lia
Zhang Cheng
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Quan
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Jun
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang


texts:
 and office buildings at Chang'an, and welcomed Emperor Zhaozong back to Chang'an. In 898, Emperor Zhaozong bestowed the greater honorary chancellor title of Shizhong on <mask>. In 900, when the eunuch Liu Jishu briefly overthrew Emperor Zhaozong in a coup and replaced him with his son Li Yu, Prince of De the Crown Prince, <mask>, who had by that point retired to Changshui (), one of the counties of Henan, went to meet with <mask>yi to encourage him and the other military governors to start a campaign to restore Emperor Zhaozong. There was no record of any actual action taken by <mask>yi. (However, in 901, Emperor Zhaozong was restored in a countercoup headed by the imperial guard officers Sun Dezhao (), Dong Yanbi (), and Zhou Chenghui ().Shortly after, <mask> was given the honorary chancellor title of Zhongshu Ling (). By 903, Zhu Quanzhong had taken Emperor Zhaozong under his control, and was planning on eventually usurping the Tang throne. He feared that <mask> would again encourage the military governors to attack him. He thus ordered <mask> to kill <mask>. <mask> sent his officer Yang Lin () to take a group of soldiers, disguised as bandits, to attack <mask>'s mansion and slaughter his household. Only <mask>'s son <mask>e escaped the slaughter. Subsequently, Zhu Quanzhong destroyed Chang'an and moved Emperor Zhaozong to Luoyang.He then moved <mask> to be the military governor of Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong. He also had <mask> created the Prince of Dongping. In 904, by which point Zhu had assassinated Emperor Zhaozong and replaced him with his son Li Zuo the Prince of Hui (as Emperor Ai), <mask> was again made the mayor of Henan; he was additionally also made the military governor of Zhongwu Circuit (忠武, headquartered in modern Weinan), apparently commanding it remotely, and the overall commander of the imperial guards. During Later Liang

During Emperor Taizu's reign
In 907, Zhu Quanzhong had Emperor Ai yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. He made <mask> the military governor of Heyang, in addition to being the mayor of Henan, again, and created him the Prince of Wei. Soon thereafter, he changed <mask>'s name to <mask>, apparently due to naming taboo as his own name included the character "Quan." In 908, in addition to his other offices, <mask> was also made Taibao () and the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern Sanmenxia, Henan).In 910, he was additionally made the military governor of Xuanyi Circuit (宣義, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan. In 911, Emperor Taizu spent the summer at <mask>'s summer mansion. He used the opportunity to have sexual relations with virtually every woman in <mask>'s household. <mask>'s son <mask>o (), humiliated, wanted to assassinate the emperor. <mask> pointed out that it was because of Emperor Taizu's initially stopping Li Hanzhi's attack that the <mask> household was preserved, and he managed to persuade <mask>o not to carry out the assassination. (According to <mask>'s biography in the New History of the Five Dynasties, the women that Emperor Taizu had sexual relations with included even <mask>'s wife Lady Chu and his daughters.) During Zhu Yougui's and Zhu Zhen's reigns
In 912, Emperor Taizu was assassinated by his son Zhu Yougui the Prince of Ying, who took the throne thereafter.As part of the governmental reorganization that took place after Zhu Yougui took the throne, he disbanded the headquarters for financial matters at the eastern capital Kaifeng (which previously had been the headquarters of Xuanwu Circuit while Zhu Quanzhong governed it), which Emperor Taizu had created and had named Jianchang Palace (). The responsibility of overseeing the financial matters was transferred to <mask>shi. <mask> was also made the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (whose headquarters had been moved to modern Shangqiu, Henan by that point). In 913, Zhu Yougui's younger brother Zhu Youzhen the Prince of Jun overthrew him and took the throne, and subsequently moved the capital from Luoyang to Kaifeng, but it appeared that <mask> remained in charge of the financial matters of the state. In 917, Zhu Youzhen (who had changed his name to Zhu Zhen) further bestowed on <mask> the title of Deputy Generalissimo of All Circuits (). (The Generalissimo title belonged to Qian Liu the Prince of Wuyue, whose state was a Later Liang vassal state.) In 921, Zhu Zhen, suspicious of the intentions of the major general Liu Xun, who had sought retirement, approved Liu's retirement and had him reside at Luoyang.He then ordered <mask> to poison Liu to death. In 923, Zhu Zhen, with the territory of his Later Liang state north of the Yellow River gradually taken piece by piece by his rival Li Cunxu the Prince of Jin (Li Keyong's son and successor), planned a major counterattack. At the recommendation of his close associates Zhao Yan and <mask>e (), he made the general Duan Ning, whose military abilities was not respected by the army, the overall commander of the operations. <mask>, knowing that Duan was not the appropriate commander and that the army generals were more respectful of another general, Wang Yanzhang, submitted a petition stating:

Despite <mask>'s petition (and similar remarks made by the chancellor Jing Xiang), Zhu Zhen continued to leave Duan in command. Subsequently, before Duan could start his operations, Li Cunxu made a surprise maneuver across the Yellow River around Duan's army, and directly attacked Kaifeng. Zhu Zhen, unable to resist and unable to flee, committed suicide. Li Cunxu, who had by that point declared himself the emperor of a new dynasty, Later Tang (as its Emperor Zhuangzong), and claimed to be the legitimate successor to Tang, entered Kaifeng and took over virtually all of the Later Liang territory.During Later Tang
The Later Liang military governors, including <mask>, largely immediately submitted to the Later Tang emperor. In winter 923, <mask> went to Kaifeng to pay homage to Emperor Zhuangzong, and he changed his name back to <mask>. He submitted a large amount of money and horses as tribute. Emperor Zhuangzong had his son Li Jiji and brother Li Cunji () honor <mask> as an older brother. Subsequently, when Emperor Zhuangzong considered opening up the tomb of Emperor Taizu of Later Liang, <mask>, still grateful to Emperor Taizu for his survival, submitted a petition stating that while the two states were rivals, such an action at this point would be meaningless and would merely show Emperor Zhuangzong to be vengeful. Emperor Zhuangzong agreed and did not do so, although he still destroyed the memorials built for Emperor Taizu on his tomb. Soon thereafter, at <mask>'s suggestion, Emperor Zhuangzong moved the capital to Luoyang.He bestowed on <mask> the title of Shangshu Ling (). He also changed <mask>'s princely title to Prince of Qi. In 924, Emperor Zhuangzong and his wife Empress Liu visited <mask>'s mansion for a feast. At the feast, Empress Liu, claiming that she lost her parents in her youth and that she missed having parents, asked to treat <mask> as her father. <mask>, in fear, initially declined, but eventually accepted. Thereafter, Empress Liu and he often sent messengers back and forth, and he submitted much tribute to her. In 926, Emperor Zhuangzong, who had alienated his soldiers due to his failure to properly reward them for their contributions during his campaigns, was facing a mutiny by the Weibo Circuit (魏博, headquartered in modern Handan, Hebei) army.He initially sent the general Li Shaorong to try to suppress the rebellion, but Li Shaorong was unable to do so. <mask>, instead, recommended the senior general, and Emperor Zhuangzong's adoptive brother, Li Siyuan. Upon Li Siyuan's arrival at Weibo, however, his own soldiers mutinied and forced Li Siyuan to join the Weibo soldiers in the rebellion. Li Siyuan subsequently led his army south, toward Kaifeng. When <mask> heard this, he became fearful as he was the one who had recommended Li Siyuan, and he stopped eating. He died soon thereafter. Notes and references

 History of the Five Dynasties, vol.63
 New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 45. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274. 852 births
926 deaths
Politicians from Heze
Mayors of Luoyang
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Heyang Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Tianping Circuit
Tang dynasty nonimperial princes
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Kuangguo Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Heyang Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Zhenguo Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Xuanyi Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Xuanwu Circuit
Later Tang jiedushi of Heyang Circuit
Qi (Huang Chao)
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Youguo Circuit
Tang dynasty politicians from Shandong
Tang dynasty generals from Shandong
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people born during

masks:
Zhang
Zhang Jun
Zhang Quan
Zhang Quan
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Jun
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Jun
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang G
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Quanyi
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Jizu
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang
Zhang Jizu
Zhang
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang Zong
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Hanji
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang
Zhang Zongshi
Zhang
Quanyi
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang


texts:
<mask> (30 January 1772 in Owston, Yorkshire – 9 August 1833 in Cambridge) was an English magistrate and landowner, a prominent advocate for social reform, historian, and antiquarian. He wrote concerning ancient myths. His book Anacalypsis, was published posthumously, in which he asserts a commonality among various religious myths, which he traces back to the supposed lost religion of Atlantis. He has been termed a "political radical, reforming county magistrate and idiosyncratic historian of religions". Life

Early career
<mask> was the son of <mask> of Skellow Grange, near Doncaster. He was educated in Hemsworth before being admitted to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1790, and transferring to Trinity Hall in 1791. He later studied law at the Inner Temple, but was not granted a license to practice law, and refrained from practice.When Napoleon threatened an invasion of the United Kingdom, <mask> joined the Volunteer Corps and became a Captain of the Third West York Militia. In 1800 he married Jane Thorpe, who gave birth to his son, also named <mask>, and two daughters, Jane and Charlotte. After <mask>' promotion to the rank of major in 1808, he resigned from the Volunteer Corps citing a severe fever as reason. Soon thereafter he was appointed as magistrate or justice of the peace in Yorkshire. Reformist activities
<mask>' work as a magistrate featured reformist campaigns, as part of which he "courageously exposed the scandalous treatment of pauper lunatics and campaigned for Parliamentary Reform, criticizing excessive taxation, the Corn Laws, and the exploitation of children in factories". He was also favoured disestablishing the Church of Ireland. In 1814 he had a major role in uncovering the abuse of patients at the York Lunatic Asylum after rumours of serious misconduct had come to his attention.He joined Quaker William Tuke in agitating for reform. In a surprise visit he forced staff to open doors which revealed female patients kept in "a number of secret cells in a state of filth, horrible beyond description...the most miserable objects I ever beheld." Most of the staff were dismissed and <mask> was able to secure a government enquiry into the management of the asylum, at which he gave evidence. <mask> was appointed as a Governor of the Asylum. He proceeded to investigate a suspicious fire that had destroyed many of the asylum's records, concluding that it was unlikely to have started by accident. Writings on mythology
He developed a regimen to study the meaning of life and religion, and wrote:
I came to a resolution to devote six hours a day to this pursuit for ten years. Instead of six hours daily for ten years, I believe I have, upon the average, applied myself to it for nearly ten hours daily for almost twenty years.In the first ten years of my search I may fairly say, I found nothing which I sought for; in the latter part of the twenty, the quantity of matter has so crowded in upon me, that I scarcely know how to dispose of it. A keen antiquarian, <mask> was a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. According to Ross Nichols, <mask> was also a "Chosen Chief" of the Order of Druids, founded by John Toland in 1717. <mask> was claimed a member of An Uileach Druidh Braithreaches (The Druid Order), an ancient Druid order that predates the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn; however, these claims are unsubstantiated. Regardless, <mask> demonstrated extensive knowledge and familiarity with the traditions of Druid orders in his work, The Celtic Druids. <mask>' wife died on 18 May 1822. <mask>' own death, on 9 August 1833, resulted from an illness which he suffered while attending a meeting of The British Association for the Advancement of Science at Cambridge.Writings

<mask>' main writings were part of the syncretism of the day, which was an attempt to associate Biblical narratives to evidence emerging about other religious traditions. <mask> discussed, and argued with, other authors of this tradition such as Jacob Bryant, Roger O'Connor and William Jones. <mask>' own writings, especially Anacalypsis, were later to have a major influence on the development of Theosophy, through the publications of Helena Blavatsky. According to Ronald Hutton, <mask>' Anacalypsis says that,

These ideas "lay dormant for about forty years, and was then taken up and given a considerable popularity by one of the century's truly international figures, Helena Petrovna Blavatsky". Hutton describes <mask> as an "occultist and mystic", and Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke also terms him an "occultist". Nevertheless, Wouter Hanegraaff, who has written a detailed history of esotericism, says that <mask> had no interest in either occultism or esotericism. <mask> main interests were the history of religious beliefs and practical sociology.Principal works
Horae Sabbaticae, published in 1826, was a study of the Sabbath. <mask> recommended the Sabbath remain a festival instead of a "gloomy" fast. The Celtic Druids, published in 1827 and 1829 as three parts, was intended as a precursor to Anacalypsis. The Celtic Druids was "an attempt to show that the druids were the priests of oriental colonies who emigrated from India, were the introducers of the First or Cadmean System of Letters, and the builders of Stonehenge, Carnac, and other Cyclopean works in Asia and Europe." <mask> prefaced the 1829 second edition stating that he was preparing a review of "all the ancient Mythologies of the world, which, however varied, and corrupted in recent times, were originally one, and that one founded on principles sublime, beautiful, and true." This review would become Anacalypsis. An Apology for the life and character of the celebrated Prophet of Arabia called Mohamed, or the Illustrious was published in 1829.Anacalypsis was written in 1833 and published posthumously in 1836 as two quarto volumes numbering 1,436 pages with meticulous references to hundreds of books. Anacalypsis was printed initially as a limited edition of 200 copies, reprinted partially in 1878, and reprinted completely in a limited edition of 350 copies in 1927. The full title is Anacalypsis; An Attempt to Draw Aside the Veil of the Saitic Isis; or an Inquiry into the Origin of languages, Nations and Religions. The book is a review of the history of religions; however, due to his death <mask> was unable to complete the final chapter on Christianity. In it he claims that the Druids and Jews originated in India, that Abraham is really Brahma, and that there is a secret "pandeist" global movement. Quotations
 In Anacalypsis <mask> asserts a commonality among various religious myths:

'"One thing is clear—the mythos of the Hindus, the mythos of the Jews and the mythos of the Greeks are all at bottom the same; and what are called their early histories are not histories of humankind, but are contrivances under the appearance of histories to perpetuate doctrines." <mask> bluntly declares that every ancient author, without exception, has come to us through the medium of Christian editors who have "either from roguery or folly, corrupted them all.”

 In the same publication <mask> makes some interesting claims, stating that all the Greek Gods and Goddesses of Greece were black, such as Jupiter: "Osiris and his Bull were black; all the Gods and Goddesses of Greece were black: at least this was the case with Jupiter, Bacchus, Hercules, Apollo, Ammon.The Goddesses Venus, Isis, Hecati, Diana, Juno, Metis, Ceres, Cybile, are black.The Multi-mammia is black in the Campidoglio at Rome, and in Montfaucon, Antiquity explained." Page 138
In Anacalypsis he states that the Jews of Jacob or Israel were Ethiopians:
"There seems to be nothing improbable in these Ethiopians being the tribe of the Jews—the tribe of Jacob or Israel. I think these Ethiopians did come under Jacob, and did settle in Goshen, and gave the names of Maturea and Avaris to the city in which they dwelt." Page 399

In Anacalypsis he states that the Jews of Asia minor were a tribe and colony of black Buddhists from India: "Solomon was a personification or incarnation of wisdom, and the Jews, of Asia Minor were a tribe or colony from India, of black Buddhists, at or about the same time with the Ioudi to Syria, under the Brahmin." He also states that all the hero Gods and saviours were black too. "All the hero Gods Theseus, Bacchus, Æsculapius, &c., were saviours and black saviours too. These black icons were made when man himself was black.He made his God after himself, and then said that man was made after the image of God." See also
Gerald Massey
Kersey Graves
Druidry
Freemasonry

References

External links

Anacalypsis Vol. I, Vol. II
"The Anacalypsis of <mask> — Precursor of Isis Unveiled and The Secret Doctrine" (Theosophical History: Volume 1, Issue 3; 1983)
"Timeline of <mask>" (The New Age Observer; same information as above)
Mandaean Bibliography: The Anacalypsis
The World's Sixteen Crucified Saviors (Chapter 16, Kersey Graves)
The Celtic Druids is located at the Special Collections/Digital Library in Falvey Memorial Library  at Villanova University. 1772 births
1833 deaths
Neo-druids
Christ myth theory
People from the Metropolitan Borough of Doncaster
Pseudohistorians
Atlantis proponents
British social reformers
English historians
English antiquarians
Freemasons of the Premier Grand Lodge of England

masks:
Godfrey Higgins
Higgins
Godfrey Higgins
Higgins
Godfrey
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Higgins
Godfrey Higgins
Godfrey Higgins


texts:
<mask> (born February 4, 1956) is an Argentine speech therapist, businesswoman, and Justicialist Party politician. She was elected to the Argentine Senate in 2009, and in 2011 became the first woman and first Jew to be designated as its Provisional President; the post put her second in Argentine line of succession, after Vice President Amado Boudou. Both Rojkés and her husband, <mask>, who has been governor of Tucumán since 2003, are considered leading “K” (or Kirchner) politicians who are “very close to the Casa Rosada.” Their lavish way of life has been severely criticized, as has the fact that several of their relatives have been given high-level government jobs. Both of them have been the subject of corruption allegations. Also, Rojkés has frequently made remarks that have been viewed in the media as insensitive to the poor and to crime victims. In 2015, she visited flood victims in the town of El Molino and made headlines when she called one of them a “lazy bum” and boasted of having ten mansions. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Miguel de Tucumán to Luisa Werblud and Salomón Rojkés, both Ashkenazi Jews who emigrated from Europe.Salomón <mask> inaugurated a textile mill in the city, Textil Americana. She earned a degree in Psychopedagogy and married a fellow member of Tucumán's Jewish community, <mask>, with whom she had four children. Career
She became a partner in her father-in-law's auto dealership, León Alperovich de Tucumán S.A., in 1997, and by 2010 controlled 98% of the firm (one of Tucumán's largest Ford and Volkswagen distributors). Following the election of her husband as Governor of Tucumán, she was elected in 2005 to the Argentine Chamber of Deputies on the Front for Victory ticket (the majority, center-left Justicialist Party faction then headed by President Néstor Kirchner). She introduced numerous bills advancing children's rights, women's rights and nutrition, among other issues. She was elected to the Senate in 2009. Her stake in the Rojkés and <mask> family businesses made her the wealthiest woman in the Senate by 2010, and the fourth-wealthiest overall.She was named to the Senate committees on Constitutional Affairs, Labor, Health, Ombudsmanship, and Bermejo River works. In early 2010, the opposition was able to transfer <mask> <mask>'s position on the Congressional Bicameral Committee to an opposition politician, Luis Juez. The government protested. On April 29, 2010, the Appeals Court confirmed Rojkés's reinstatement on the committee. She said that “We will be able to work normally from now on.”

Rojkés was elected Provisional President of the Senate on November 30, 2011. Married to one of the few Jews in Argentina to be elected governor, she herself made history by becoming both the first Jew and the first woman to hold this key post. Rojkés promised the President her “loyalty.” In a radio interview, <mask> <mask> said that she “fully supports the political system” of the Kirchner government and that she was “proud” to have been selected for the position.The Provisional President of the Senate is second in the line of succession to the Presidency in Argentina. Speculation mounted in the days leading to the second inaugural of President <mask> <mask> that Senator <mask> might be asked to administer the Oath of Office in lieu of Vice President Julio Cobos, who had been distanced from the rest of the administration since his surprise tie-breaking vote in 2008 against an export tax increase supported by the president. President <mask> Kirchner ultimately opted to take the oath independently, as did Vice President Amado Boudou. In June 2013, Cristina Kirchner criticized opposition politicians for failing to come up with new ideas so as to make possible “a healthy democratic debate.” When she made the remarks, she was flanked by <mask> and Rojkés, whom the Buenos Aires Herald described as “two staunch supporters of her administration.” In February 2014, it was announced that <mask> <mask> would be replaced as provisional leader of the Senate by Zamora. Controversies
At a public event in March 2006, Rojkés condemned the writer and journalist Tomás Eloy Martínez, calling him a former Tucumáno – effectively disowning him as a resident of the province – because he had published an article in La Nación about the high level of poverty in the province. She was criticized in November 2011 by a political opponent, Senator Jose Cano, for saying that there were no street urchins in the province of Tucumán. Cano said that her remark gave him the feeling that “she lives in another province.”

<mask> caused controversy in 2012 by commenting on the brutal murder of a six-year-old girl, <mask>, saying that her parents were “drunks” who had not cared for her properly and that as First Lady she could not associate herself with such people.She later apologized for the remarks. Marita Verón case
The disappearance of a young woman named Marita Verón in Tucumán became a public issue and was held up as an example of the extent of human smuggling in the province. Suspects went on trial but were acquitted on December 12, 2012, in a verdict widely seen as exemplary of the corruption of courts in the province and the collusion of judges with gangsters. Rojkés said that she was “shocked” and “surprised” by the court's decision to free all of the defendants, but also, in what became a very controversial statement, added that prostitution and human trafficking “exists and will continue to exist.”

El Molino incident
In March 2015, Rojkés visited the southern town of El Molino, which had recently experienced serious flooding. In response to local residents who had been affected by the flooding and who were angry at delays in government assistance, she told them, “Don’t get angry, because you will make the whole world go crazy and you won’t solve anything.” She added, “We are listening, but it’s not my fault if the river floods.” This statement caused outrage among the locals, and led to a heated discussion. When one flood victim was particularly critical of the government's response and of her attitude, she responded dismissively. This led to a heated argument between the two in which she called the man a "bum" and he called her a "crook".During the argument she called out that she owned ten mansions. Her remarks were caught on video and quickly went viral. Rojkés later denied that she actually had ten houses. On March 23, 2015, she called the incident a set-up and said that she “fell for it in the worst way.” She added: “I reacted like an idiot” and attributed her reaction to “a mix of pain, impotence, of being unable to provide a solution. It made me lose my temper.” The flood victim told a television reporter “that he was only trying to get the provincial government to send machinery that could help prevent floods in the future.” Rojkés apologized for her remarks to the man, while Cabinet Chief Aníbal <mask> accused the man of provoking her. Radical Civic Union (UCR) gubernatorial candidate José Manuel Cano criticized Rojkés for her remarks in El Molino, saying “she belonged to a caste of political leaders who believe they are superior to everyday citizens” and noting that she had “a long history of outbursts.” For example, she had “drunkenly called the family of the assassinated girl (six-year-old <mask>gueroa), she threatened the doctors that protested in favour of higher salaries and questioned mothers that take drugs for not taking care of their children.”

In a March 25, 2015, commentary headlined “Adding insult to injury,” the editors of the Buenos Aires Herald condemned Rojkés <mask> for the remarks she made to the flood victims. “Throwing in the face of somebody who has just lost his home her possession of 10 mansions (in any case a false claim, according to her) is so obviously wrong that it becomes hardly necessary to elaborate,” they stated.“This is not the first evidence of an authoritarian regime in the province governed by her husband for the last 12 years – remember that by far the bloodiest repression of the late 2013 looting occurred in Tucumán. The latest Rojkés gaffe thus largely serves to suggest that this is an authoritarian style where the sticks are much longer than the carrots.”

In an April 2015 commentary for La Nación, Fernando Bracaccini and Renzo Lavin suggested that the incident in El Molino underscored the lack of accountability for public officials under the Kirchner government. They noted that Rojkés had not made public any information about her income or fortune since 2009, and that there was no way to know how many houses she owned. A 2013 federal law, they explained, enabled public officials to avoid disclosing their private financial or property information by putting it in the names of their spouses or children, and under provincial legislation her husband, even though serving as governor of Tucumán, was not required to disclose such data. Alleged Nepotism
A July 2012 article in La Nación held up the province of Tucumán, and particularly the relatives of Rojkés and Alperovich, as “a crude example” of nepotism in government and the enrichment of Kirchner-connected families with government funds. At the time the article was published, Rojkés's sister Silvia Rojkés Temkin was the provincial Minister of Education, her brother Carlos Rojkés was an officer in the national Senate, her niece Veronica Rojkés was a member of the National Congress, and her brother was a supplier to the province of Tucumán state. Also, Paul Zeitume, Alperovich's son, was Director of Commerce for Tucumán province; Isaac Bromberg, an Alperovich cousin, was a national deputy; another cousin, Beatriz Mirkin, was a former Minister of Social Development and a current national deputy; Oscar Mirkin, yet another cousin, was Secretary of Public Works in Tucumán; and Lucia Temkin, niece of Alperovich's private secretary, was provisional president of the national Senate.Corruption allegations
In November 2014, <mask> was criticized by opposition leaders for claiming that there had been “no corruption” in Tucumán during her husband's term as governor. Opposition politician Manuel Avellaneda said that she must have a “very poor memory,” given the number of allegations of corruption that had been made against her husband, his efforts to control the judiciary, and his refusal to take action for greater transparency. Avellaneda said that according to Enrique Romero, <mask>'s administration is the “most corrupt in history.” Avellaneda stated that “as in dictatorships, corruption is the soul of the government of her husband, which is the most corrupt in the democratic history of Tucumán.”

References

1956 births
Living people
Argentine Jews
People from San Miguel de Tucumán
Argentine businesspeople
Jewish Argentine politicians
Justicialist Party politicians
Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Tucumán
Members of the Argentine Senate for Tucumán
Women members of the Argentine Senate
Argentine women in business
Women members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies

masks:
Beatriz Liliana Rojkés de Alperovich
José Alperovich
Beatriz Liliana Rojkés
Rojkés
José Alperovich
Alperovich
Rojkés
de Alperovich
Rojkés
de Alperovich
Cristina Fernández
de Kirchner
Alperovich
Fernández de
Alperovich
Rojkés
de Alperovich
Rojkés
Mercedes Figueroa
Fernández
Mercedes Fi
de Alperovich
Rojkés
Alperovich


texts:
<mask> (October 30, 1942 – April 18, 1998) was an American Mesoamerican archaeologist who was an expert in the field of Maya epigraphy and iconography. She played an invaluable role in the decipherment of much of the Maya hieroglyphs. She produced a massive volume of drawings of stelae and inscriptions, which, following her wishes, are free for use to scholars. In 1978, she founded the annual Maya Meetings at The University of Texas at Austin. She was from Hendersonville, TN, a northern suburb of Nashville. Her mother Ruby Richmond was active in historic preservation at Historic Rock Castle in the 1980s. Early life
Born in Nashville, Tennessee, <mask> began taking commercial art courses at the University of Cincinnati in 1960 and graduated in Education and Art in 1964.With an increasing interest in literature, she spent another four years in Cincinnati's graduate program and obtained her master's degree in Art in 1968. She married the architect <mask> in 1968, and started teaching Studio Art at the University of South Alabama, remaining there till 1980, by which time she was Professor. Work
In 1970 she traveled with her husband, <mask>, to photograph Mesoamerican monuments in Yucatán on behalf of the University. An obligatory visit to Palenque the next summer turned into a 12-day stay spent drawing and studying Maya architecture after she was fascinated by the art. She decided to investigate the culture and history of the ancient people who had created the city. Mentored by Merle Greene Robertson, Schele worked with Peter Mathews to decipher a major section of the list of Palenque kings, presenting her work in the 1973 conference Mesa Redonda de Palenque, organized by Robertson. This meeting established the previously unknown <mask> as a major figure in the Maya studies, not only of art and history, but also of dirt archaeology and epigraphy, and her work stimulated several later discoveries, by herself and others.In 1975, Schele was invited to the Second International Archaeoastronomy Conference at Colgate to present an exploratory paper on Palenque hierophanies and their link to emblem and skull variant glyphs, which she later published in 1977. A strong supporter of collaborative scholarship, Schele became a Fellow in pre-Columbian Studies at Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C. in 1975. Alongside Peter Mathews; David Kelley; and one of her longtime mentors, Floyd Lousbury, she participated in a series of miniconferences at Dumbarton Oaks which pushed further developing and refining of the Palenque series and also opened new epigraphic frontiers. She focused on the study of word ordering in Maya inscriptions for the next two years there. Still attending graduate school, Schele founded the Maya Hieroglyphic Workshop in Texas in 1977 which consisted of 21 consecutive seminars concerning Maya hieroglyphic writing and introduced more people intrigued by the Maya field than many other books from that time that were considered "popular". Twenty years later, the workshop expanded into what is known as the Maya Meetings at Texas, and includes a symposium of research papers by major scholars and the Forum on Hieroglyphic Writing. By this time in her life, Schele realized her destiny as a Mayanist; she enrolled as a graduate student in Latin American Studies at the University of Texas shortly before resigning from her position at South Alabama.She was awarded a Doctorate in Latin American studies by the University of Texas in 1980. She continued her teaching career there, in the department of Art/Art History. At the time of her death, she was the John D. Murchison Regents Professor of Art in the department. Schele joined the Copán Mosaics Project in the mid 1980s, working with David Stuart, Barbara Fash, and Nikolai Grube on the texts of that site. In 1986, Schele and Stuart identified Copan’s dynastic founder, K’inich Yax K’uk’ Mo’. Shortly after, she began a related series called the Copán Notes, reports on epigraphy and iconography, which were aimed at rapid dissemination of information amongst Maya scholars. In 1986, Schele co-curated a ground breaking exhibition and catalog of Maya art, "The Blood of Kings: A New Interpretation of Maya Art", with Mary Miller, a project initiated by InterCultura and the Kimbell Art Museum, where it opened in 1986, and the two co-authored the catalog to the exhibition, which was published under the title "The Blood of Kings: Dynasty and Ritual in Maya Art".The exhibition spoke of an obsession with royal descent, of incessant warfare, and of bloody sacrifice and self-mutilation which was inconsistent with the models proposed by previous generations of Mayanists. According to Michael D. Coe, the catalog presented by Schele and Miller "might as well stand as the most influential book on the Maya published in the past half-century." She also began taking an interest in the culture of the contemporary Maya. For a decade beginning 1988, she organized 13 workshops, along with Nikolai Grube and Frederico Fahsen, on hieroglyphic writing for them in Guatemala and Mexico. Michael D. Coe claims that "<mask>'s most important contribution to Maya scholarship" is represented in her book Maya Cosmos: Three Thousand Years on the Shaman's Path published in 1993 with David Freidel and Joy Parker. Death
On April 18, 1998, she died  of pancreatic cancer, aged fifty-five. Upon being diagnosed with this disease, Schele planned ahead knowing she would not have long to live and resumed her lectures until a few days before her passing.Just before her death, she established the <mask> Precolumbian Endowment, which provides financial support for the <mask> and <mask> Chair in Mesoamerican Art and Writing at UT Austin. Recognition
Her doctoral dissertation, "Maya Glyphs: the Verbs" was published in 1982 and won "The Most Creative and Innovative Project in Professional and Scholarly Publication" an award given by the Professional and Scholarly Publishing Division of the Association of American Publishers. The Blood of Kings was awarded the Alfred H. Barr Jr. Award of the College Art Association for the best exhibition catalogue of 1986. She was awarded diplomas of recognition of the Museo Popol Vuh and the Universidad Francisco Marroquin by the government of Guatemala in March 1998. Texas Notes

The Texas Notes were informal reports produced by <mask> and others between 1990 and 1997 to allow for the quick dissemination of results in the rapidly evolving field of Maya epigraphy.

masks:
Linda Schele
Linda Schele
David Schele
David Schele
Linda
Linda
Linda Schele
Linda
David Schele
Linda Schele


texts:
<mask> (born 1938) is a feminist, child-welfare advocate, African-American activist, public speaker, author, pioneering African-American small business owner, and mother of three daughters. Early life
<mask> was born 1938 in Lumpkin, Georgia. When <mask> was ten years old, her father was beaten and left for dead on the family's doorstep; the family believes it to be a crime committed by Ku Klux Klan members. <mask> decided as a child in reaction to her family's experiences she would devote her life to improving the circumstances of people through activism. Early career and founding West 80th Street Community Childcare Center

<mask> moved from Georgia to New York City in 1957. Through the 1960s in New York, she worked  as a salesperson, house cleaner, and nightclub singer. She began her activism by raising bail money for civil rights protesters.In the late 1960s, needing care for her own children (by 1970, she had three daughters) <mask> <mask> organized a multiracial cooperative day care center on the West Side, the West 80th Community Childcare Center, which would be profiled by New York Magazine columnist, Gloria Steinem. <mask> <mask> and Steinem became friends, with <mask> <mask> encouraging Steinem to begin speaking in public with her about the Women's Movement. The two of them traveled around the country for two years, sharing the stage. Based on the publicity the duo received, <mask> <mask> encouraged Steinem to found a female-operated media source, Ms. Magazine. <mask> <mask> organized the first shelter for battered women in New York City and co-founded the New York City Agency for Child Development, pioneering child-care and noting that "too many women were being forced to leave their children home alone while they worked to feed their families". <mask> <mask> also co-founded with Gloria Steinem the Women's Action Alliance, a pioneering national information center that specialized in nonsexist, multiracial children's education, in 1971. The two women toured together speaking about race, class and gender throughout the 1970s.<mask> <mask> and Steinem are pictured together in an iconic black and white photograph, now part of the National Portrait Gallery collection, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. Taken by photographer Dan Wynn for Esquire Magazine and published in October 1971, Wynn captured Steinem and <mask> <mask> signaling their feminist solidarity by raising their fists in the raised-fist salute first popularized by members of the Black Power movement. <mask> <mask> noted the unlikely nature of their friendship at the time, admitting the terror she felt of being seen in public with a white woman in her hometown of Lumpkin, Georgia when Steinem would visit. Ms. <mask> <mask> commissioned photographer Dan Bagan to create an homage portrait of the two friends together again in a similar pose for Ms. Steinem's 80th birthday. In 1972, <mask> <mask> was a signer of the Ms. campaign "We Have Had Abortions" which called for an end to "archaic laws" limiting reproductive freedom, they encouraged women to share their stories and take action. Later career and activism
<mask> <mask> has been a guest lecturer at Columbia University, taught a course called "The Dynamics of Change" at the College of New Rochelle, and a guest lecturer at City College, Manhattan. In 1992, <mask> <mask> co-founded the Charles Junction Historic Preservation Society in Jacksonville, Florida using the former Junction homestead to combat poverty through community gardening and food production. In 1997 <mask> <mask> became the first African-American woman to own an office supply/copy center, Harlem Office Supply, Inc., and to become a member of the Stationers Association of New York (SANY).In May 1997, <mask> <mask> began to offer HOS stock at $1.00 a share to individuals, corporations, partnerships and non-profit organizations focused on African-American children. She wrote about her experiences in Wake Up and Smell the Dollars! (2000), advocating small business ownership to other African Americans as a form of empowerment. <mask> <mask> was involved in the Upper Manhattan Empowerment Zone (UMEZ), a federal program instituted by the Clinton administration in 1994 designating $300 million of federal, state, and city money for the economic development of Harlem. <mask> <mask> was part of the research team that created the Business Resource and Investment Service Center (BRISC), focused on the development of small, locally owned businesses in Harlem. However <mask> <mask> later became a critic. The programs brought large businesses like Old Navy and Disney into Harlem to create jobs but ultimately created more competition for locally owned businesses."Some are convinced that empowering large corporations to provide low paying jobs for our residents will bring economic empowerment to the community.... [But] without African-American ownership, there is ultimately no local empowerment" stated <mask> <mask>, believing BRISC's resources were being unevenly distributed among small businesses in Harlem. <mask> <mask> later wrote Just Saying... It Looks Like Ethnic Cleansing (The Gentrification of Harlem) providing advice to African American business owners who might want to utilize similar government programs such as the JOBS Act, signed into law by U.S. President Barack Obama in 2012. <mask> <mask> and Steinem spoke again in 2008 at Eckerd College where they reenacted their raised fist pose together. Steinem has partnered in <mask> <mask>' efforts in the Northside community of Jacksonville, Florida to combat hunger with community gardens, by appearing as a speaker and funding support.
. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is the mother of three daughters, and is the aunt of actress Gabourey Sidibe. Honors
Oprah Winfrey honored <mask> <mask> as one of America’s "Great Moms".In Popular Culture
Janelle Monaé portrayed <mask> <mask> in the 2020 film The Glorias. Works

 Life Is About Choices, Not Excuses: The Life of Ruther Youmans Tyson (2014) Jacksonville, Fla.: DPH Book Publishing  (as editor)
 I'm Just Saying, It looks Like Ethnic Cleansing: The Gentrification of Harlem (2012) Jacksonville, Fla.: DPH Book Publishing. Wake Up and Smell the Dollars! Whose Inner-City Is this Anyway! : One Woman's Struggle Against Sexism, Classism, Racism, Gentrification, and the Empowerment Zone (2000) Phoenix, AZ: Amber Books. References

External links
 Interview with <mask> <mask> for WNED Public Television series "Woman", 1973
 <mask> <mask> papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections
 Laura Lovett, ''With Her Fist Raised: <mask> <mask> and the Transformative Power of Black Community Activism'

African-American feminists
American women activists
African-American non-fiction writers
American non-fiction writers
American civil rights activists
American community activists
Child welfare activism
Child care
People from Lumpkin, Georgia
1938 births
Living people
Activists from Georgia (U.S. state)
Women civil rights activists
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
20th-century African-American women

masks:
Dorothy Pitman Hughes
Dorothy Pitman Hughes
Dorothy
Pitman Hughes
Pitman Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Pitman
Hughes
Dorothy Pitman
Hughes
Dorothy Pitman
Hughes
Dorothy Pitman
Hughes


texts:
<mask> (born 24 June 1945) is a Dutch former professional tennis player. She is best remembered for reaching the ladies' singles final, the ladies' doubles final and the mixed doubles final during the same year at Wimbledon in 1977. She also won ten Grand Slam titles in women's doubles and mixed doubles. Career
Stöve began playing tennis internationally in the mid-1960s. She made her Grand Slam debut at the 1964 Wimbledon. A virus, complicated by a malfunctioning thyroid gland, forced Stöve out of tennis for an 18-month period in the late 1960s. Despite being advised that she should never play tennis again, Stöve recovered to have her best years on the circuit.Stöve was an accomplished singles player reaching several finals on tour and attaining a singles ranking of number 5. Stöve's best grand slam singles performance was at the 1977 Wimbledon where she reached the final beating fellow doubles partner Martina Navratilova en route in the quarterfinals, and Sue Barker in the semi-finals preventing an all-England final. She lost the final to Virginia Wade: 4–6, 6–3, 6–1. Queen Elizabeth II attended the final. In addition she also reached the final of the women's doubles (with Navratilova) and the final of the mixed doubles with Frew McMillan, unfortunately losing them all. She is notably the last player in any Grand Slam event to earn such a record. Later that year Stöve was also a semifinalist at the 1977 US Open, losing to Chris Evert.This time she won the women's doubles with Navratilova and the mixed doubles with McMillan. In 1978 Stove reached the semi-finals or better at 9 of the singles events she contested reaching 5 finals but failing to win any of them. Notable players she beat in singles include Martina Navratilova, Sue Barker, Maria Bueno, Virginia Ruzici, Tracy Austin, Kerry Reid, Billie Jean King, and Claudia Kohde-Kilsch. One notable player she was never able to beat was Chris Evert whom she lost to all 10 times they played. Stöve had her greatest success in doubles. She won 10 Grand Slam doubles championships, six in women's doubles and four in mixed doubles. She won two women's doubles championships with Billie Jean King and two with Wendy Turnbull.Her other two titles were won with Françoise Dürr and Martina Navratilova. All of her mixed doubles championships were with Frew McMillan. <mask> was the runner-up in 17 Grand Slam doubles tournaments, eight in women's doubles and nine in mixed doubles. She won a total of 75 doubles titles on tour and ranked World No. 1 in doubles. She competed for the Netherlands Fed Cup team in 1966, 1969, 1970-1972, and 1976-1983. The Dutch rock band Bettie Serveert is named after her book Bettie Serveert, meaning "Bettie serves" or "service to Bettie" in Dutch.Post-retirement activity
Stöve coached Hana Mandlíková from 1980 through 1990. She also coached Kristie Boogert. Stöve is a former member of the ITF Committee of Management, its first female member. She served three terms as president of WTA Tour Players Association and received the WTA Tour Honorary Membership Award in November 1987. In 1989, Stöve and Mandlíková wrote Total Tennis, a tennis instruction book. Stöve speaks six languages and is an accomplished photographer. Major finals

Grand Slam finals

Singles (1 runner-up)

Doubles: 14 (6 titles, 8 runner-ups)

Mixed doubles: 13 (4 titles, 9 runners-up)

Year-End Championships finals

Doubles: 3 (1 title, 2 runners-up)

Career finals

Singles (11)

(*) Note that Tokyo was a non-tour event in 1976, and some events listed above are before the inception of the WTA in June 1973.Doubles (75)
Grand slam events in boldface. See also
 Performance timelines for all female tennis players who reached at least one Grand Slam final

References

External links

1945 births
Living people
Dutch female tennis players
French Open champions
US Open (tennis) champions
Wimbledon champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
Sportspeople from Rotterdam
People from Brasschaat

masks:
Betty Flippina Stöve
Stöve


texts:
<mask> (also spelled Vexler or Wechsler, 4 November 1870 – 14 May 1917) was a Romanian socialist activist and journalist, regarded as one of the main Marxist theorist of the early Romanian workers' movement. Active in the first Romanian socialist party, the Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party, he became dissatisfied with the party's passivity and its failure to openly support political rights for the Romanian Jews, initiating a separate Jewish socialist group. Following the party's demise, he was one of the main activists for the revival of the socialist movement in Iaşi, introducing to Marxism many future leaders of the Romanian socialist parties. Sympathetic to the 1917 February Revolution, he was arrested after attempting to gain the support of Russian soldiers present in the country during World War I. <mask> was assassinated in custody shortly after, with the Romanian authorities suppressing any formal enquiry into his death. Biography

Early life and the PSDMR
<mask> was born in Iaşi, north-eastern Romania, in a family of Jewish origin. After finishing his compulsory education, having noted Romanian writer Ion Creangă as a teacher during the primary school, he enrolled in the local Superior School of Commerce, graduating as an accountant in 1899. He would later study towards becoming a candidate in philosophy and literature at the Université Nouvelle, a left-wing splinter of the Free University of Brussels.Learning about socialist ideas during his commercial school years, <mask> joined the informal Socialist Party of Iaşi at nineteen, which was to join forces with the other socialist clubs in the nationwide Romanian Social Democratic Workers' Party (PSDMR) in 1893. Around the same period he met Litman Ghelerter, who became a close friend and one of his principal political collaborators. Gradually becoming one of the leaders of the Iaşi socialists, <mask> became involved in PSDMR's national politics. In 1894, after the leadership decided to curb the radicalism of Munca, the party newspaper, by appointing moderate Ioan Nădejde as editor, Wexler-led socialists authored a proposal that sought to expand the journal outreach. Among the envisioned actions were an increase in publication frequency and an expansion of discussed themes to include scientific and literary topics, news about foreign socialist movements, and articles related to the agrarian question. While the proposal was rejected, <mask> continued to press for a more militant position of the Romanian socialists. He therefore co-wrote, with L. Ghelerter, the draft for a new party statute, which was presented before the Third PSDMR Congress in April 1895.In the draft several proposals were made towards a better organization of the party, providing the formalization of local party sections and the establishment of clear duties for the party leadership and responsibilities for the various party bodies. Notable were also the provision that forbade simultaneous membership in the PSDMR and in other political organizations, and the one requiring any dispute among members to be first discussed within the party. Due to the opposition of the bourgeois members of the party leadership, the draft was rejected by the Congress, which mandated the General Council to draft a new statute project for a future Congress. Soon after, <mask> and the other socialists around the periodical Lumina emerged as a dissident group, which was eventually excluded from the party. The dissidents deplored the tactics adopted by party leadership, which in their opinion did not actively seek to increase the party's influence among the urban proletariat. Furthermore, they accused the party organ, Lumea Nouă, of losing its socialist character. The break with the official party was also partly motivated by disagreement of the Lumina supporters with the formers ambiguous position towards the question of Jewish naturalization in Romania.Thus, the dissident group quickly evolved as a primarily Jewish socialist grouping, acting until 1897 as separate from the Iaşi Workers' Club. Beginning with 1896, the leaders of the group, <mask>, Ghelerter and Leon Gheller, also edited a Yiddish language weekly, Der Veker. As none of the editors were familiar with literary Yiddish, at first they wrote mostly in Romanian and had their articles translated by a local teacher. A labour organizer, <mask> was elected president of the Clerks' Society in 1896 and worked together with Bucharest-based Vintilă Rosetti in order to obtain improvements of working conditions, such as the eight-hour day and Sunday rest. During the same period, together with Barbu Brănişteanu, he was a delegate to the national conference of civil servants and commerce, finance and industry clerks. Towards the restoration of a Social Democratic Party
As the PSDMR had disbanded in 1899 in the aftermath of the defection of several of its leaders to the National Liberal Party (PNL), <mask> was one of the supporters of a renewed socialist party. Thus, between 1899 and 1900, became a regular writer for Lumea Nouă, by then edited by a group of mostly proletarian socialists.Towards the same objective, in August 1903 he established the Iaşi Circle of Social Studies, of which he was one of the foremost lecturers, with the support of Dr. Ghelerter. Many of the students attending the Circle would later become leading figures of the Romanian socialist movement: Mihail Gheorghiu Bujor, Ion Sion, Ottoi Călin, Ilie Moscovici. <mask>'s lecture topics included party tactics, the Erfurt Program, the history of Christianity and the Jewish question. During the Circle sessions he exposed A. C. Cuza's PhD thesis as a plagiarism, with many of the arguments being later presented in a book published by another member of the Circle, Emanoil Socor. Active in the Socialist Union of Romania, established in 1907, he was elected during its January 1908 conference a member in the commission tasked with revising the political program of the organization. The commission also included  Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Christian Rakovsky, Mihail Gh. Bujor, N. D. Cocea and Ion Sion.Beginning with the refoundation of the Social Democratic Party (PSD) in 1910, Wexler was to become one of the main leaders of its Iaşi section. In 1914, together with Dr. Ghelerter, he rented a building in Iaşi that would serve during the following years both as their home and the headquarters of the local Social-Democratic Club and Trade Union Commission. Throughout his life, Wexler kept in contact with several luminaries of the European socialist movement of the time, such as Karl Kautsky, <mask>, Franz Mehring, Heinrich Cunow, Georg Ledebour, Arthur Stadthagen and Rosa Luxemburg. Friend and collaborator of Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, he was an active contributor to the Romanian socialist press, writing for, among others, Munca, România Muncitoare (known as Lupta beginning with 1914), Lumina, Viitorul Social, Convorbiri sociale. In order to avert the anti-Jewish prejudice prevalent among the Romanian public, Wexler commonly used pseudonyms. Thus, he notably signed one of his major contribution to Romanian Marxism, The socialism in Romania published in Viitorul Social, under the name of a fellow party-member, ethnic Romanian Ion Sion. The article considers the applicability of socialist ideas in the specific context of Romanian economy, paralleling Gherea's theory about the "Marxism in backward countries".A speaker of German, French, Polish and Russian, <mask> wrote articles for Die Neue Zeit and other European socialist newspapers and magazines, also translating several socialist works into Romanian. The articles he authored dealt primarily with theoretical problems of the workers' movement, and in his writings he opposed both antisemitism and zionism. Beside his socialist activity, <mask> also published his translation of Émile Zola's Germinal, took interest in  prehistory and philology, and published works related to his professional activity, such as a study of interest rates presented at the St. Louis World's Fair. During the first decades of the twentieth century he helped smuggle over the Pruth, towards the Russian Empire, left-wing literature written in Russian, Polish and Yiddish, most of it originating in Switzerland. His frequent contacts with the Russian revolutionaries also made him a target of surveillance by the police and the Siguranţa. World War I and assassination
During the internal PSD debates that followed the start of World War I, Wexler disagreed with the party's support for the resolutions of the Zimmerwald Conference. Specifically, he concluded that the call to overthrow capitalism in case of war was not applicable to Romania, which had not yet fully experienced a "bourgeois-democratic revolution".After Romania entered the war on the side of Entente, <mask> was mobilized as chief accountant and cashier in an Iaşi enterprise. In 1917 he welcomed the Russian February Revolution, and, along with Bujor, took part in the May Day parade organized by revolutionary Russian soldiers in the city. As a result, two days later his mobilization order was overturned and he was drafted into the active army duty, despite his age and failing health. Suspected of taking part in Rakovsky's escape during the demonstrations, he was brought under armed escort before the court martial in Bacău. Briefly released and sent back to Iaşi, he was soon placed under the guard of the 2nd Huntsmen Regiment. There, on the night of 14 May, he was sent towards the local command post, under an escort headed by Lieutenant Romalo, close friend of the Romanian heir apparent, Carol. On the way, while passing through a forest, <mask> was shot in the back of his head by one of the guards, ostensibly because he was attempting to escape custody.According to the socialist press, his assassination had been planned by the military authorities with the acknowledgement of the PNL leadership, and his killer was rewarded with a bottle of rum, an insignificant amount of money, and promotion to the rank of sergeant. <mask>'s death was followed by public outcry, leading to agitation among the Russian soldiers present on Romanian territory and bringing the attention of the Petrograd government. Summoned by the Russian envoy to Romania, prime-minister Ion I. C. Brătianu expressed regret about the death, undertook to suspend the application of the death penalty, and promised a thorough investigation will take place. War minister Vintilă Brătianu sent two letters to the General Headquarters requesting further research into the matter, also enquiring whether the shooting was deliberate or was the result of a misinterpretation of orders. Nevertheless, no formal inquiry was ever started into the death of <mask>. According to the memories of Gheorghe Gh. Mârzescu, member of the government at the time, the story of an attempted escape had been proven false, but the investigation was suppressed following the intervention of Romalo's father, the physician of the Romanian royal family.As late as 1922, the whereabouts of <mask>'s remains were unknown. Notes

References

Assassinated Romanian politicians
Deaths by firearm in Romania
Extrajudicial killings
Politicians from Iași
People murdered in Romania
Prisoners who died in Romanian detention
Jewish Romanian politicians
Jewish socialists
Romanian Marxists
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian people of World War I
Romanian people who died in prison custody
Social Democratic Party of Romania (1910–1918) politicians
Romanian translators
Yiddish-language journalists
1870 births
1917 deaths
20th-century translators
19th-century translators
Prisoners murdered in custody

masks:
Max Wexler
Wexler
Max Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Max Beer
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler
Wexler


texts:
<mask> (born 3 May 1976) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for Hawthorn and the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). He was the coach of the North Melbourne Football Club from 2010 until 2019. AFL career

Hawthorn
Scott was recruited to Hawthorn in the 1994 national draft at pick 60, without playing a game, he was delisted and then re-drafted by Hawthorn in the 1996 draft, where he won the reserves best-and-fairest. Making his senior debut in 1997, <mask> played all 22 games and was seen as a very solid contributor, but was traded at the end of that season to the Brisbane Lions, enabling him to play in the same side as his brother Chris. Brisbane Lions
<mask> was a very solid contributor over a number of years with the Lions and was seen as a fearless figure in defence. While defiant, <mask> battled numerous injuries including one incurred during his milestone 150th game late in 2005. Like his brother, <mask> was renowned for being one of the hardest players in the league.They were both integral members of the Lions' first two premierships in 2001 and 2002. Injuries saw him miss the 2003 premiership and sidelined for the latter part of 2004. <mask>'s lacklustre form in 2004 and 2005 fed speculation that his contract with the Lions would not be renewed, however he remained with the club and announced on 10 August 2006 that he would retire at the end of the season. <mask> played his farewell game in Round 22 against the Saints. Coaching career
Retirement from playing saw <mask> as the development coach at Collingwood, where he had success working closely with a number of young Magpies and other players. <mask> was also a candidate for the vacant coaching position at Richmond, however he believed his skill set suited North far better and was appointed as North Melbourne coach for the 2010 season, signing a three-year contract on 17 August 2009. <mask> had a terrible start to his coaching career, with three of the first four matches resulting in losses, including a 104-point thrashing from 2009 runners-up St Kilda.Since then, North made steady progress and finished outside the top eight on percentage. Although North Melbourne missed the finals for the second year in succession, <mask> was rewarded with a contract extension as Kangaroos coach, with president James Brayshaw stating that he was satisfied with the club's progress under <mask>. He led the team to 8th position and a spot in the finals at the end of the 2012 home and away season, with the side winning ten of its last twelve matches (including six in a row between Rounds 16–21) since a 115-point loss to Hawthorn in Round 10. The club was then defeated in their elimination final match against West Coast by 96 points. Following North Melbourne's disappointing season in 2013 after losing 10 matches by 16 points or less, the 2014 season began with a positive outlook as Nick Dal Santo was added to North Melbourne's list as a restricted free agent at the end of the 2013 season. With North Melbourne's now silky midfield looking strong, the success of the 2014 season saw <mask> lead North Melbourne into his second finals series as coach after finishing 6th at the end of the premiership season. Winning their elimination final match against Essendon by 12 points, then defeating Geelong in the semi final to progress to Scotts' first preliminary final as coach against Sydney, the 71-point loss ended North Melbourne's finals run.The beginning of the 2015 season once again saw <mask> make some vital inclusions to North Melbourne's list, with the addition of tall-forward Jarrad Waite and medium forward/midfielder Shaun Higgins. Despite finishing 8th, <mask> was under scrutiny after a highly controversial decision to rest 9 players in Round 23 against Richmond, which was deemed by many to be a form of 'tanking'. <mask>'s 'plan' however, proved to be successful after defeating Richmond in the elimination final the following week by 17 points and going on to defeat Sydney in the semi final to become the first ever team to reach a preliminary final after finishing 8th in the premiership season. North Melbourne's run was ended by West Coast at Domain Stadium by 25 points. <mask> currently ranks 3rd for most AFL/VFL games coached without making a grand final and is the only one of those three coaches to do it solely at the one club. <mask> resigned as Kangaroos coach on 26 May 2019. Statistics

Playing statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1997
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 28 || 22 || 6 || 7 || 233 || 101 || 334 || 75 || 36 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 10.6 || 4.6 || 15.2 || 3.4 || 1.6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1998
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 19 || 5 || 6 || 201 || 106 || 307 || 52 || 32 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 10.6 || 5.6 || 16.2 || 2.7 || 1.7
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1999
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 8 || 0 || 2 || 49 || 16 || 65 || 14 || 9 || 0.0 || 0.3 || 6.1 || 2.0 || 8.1 || 1.8 || 1.1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2000
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2001
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 22 || 14 || 4 || 197 || 108 || 305 || 84 || 44 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 9.0 || 4.9 || 13.9 || 3.8 || 2.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 25 || 8 || 10 || 315 || 179 || 494 || 136 || 55 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 12.6 || 7.2 || 19.8 || 5.4 || 2.2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 22 || 5 || 8 || 245 || 166 || 411 || 112 || 48 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 11.1 || 7.5 || 18.7 || 5.1 || 2.2
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 15 || 4 || 1 || 138 || 89 || 227 || 60 || 30 || 0.3 || 0.1 || 9.2 || 5.9 || 15.1 || 4.0 || 2.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 17 || 2 || 1 || 115 || 92 || 207 || 55 || 14 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 6.8 || 5.4 || 12.2 || 3.2 || 0.8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 5 || 18 || 1 || 1 || 151 || 115 || 266 || 88 || 43 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 8.4 || 6.4 || 14.8 || 4.9 || 2.4
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 168
! 45
! 40
!1644
! 972
! 2616
! 676
! 311
! 0.3
! 0.2
!9.8
! 5.8
! 15.6
! 4.0
! 1.9
|}

Coaching statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2010
|
| 22 || 11 || 11 || 0 || 50.0% || 9 || 16
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2011
|
| 22 || 10 || 12 || 0 || 45.5% || 9 || 17
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2012
|
| 23 || 14 || 9 || 0 || 60.9% || 8 || 18
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2013
|
| 22 || 10 || 12 || 0 || 45.5% || 10 || 18
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2014
|
| 25 || 16 || 9 || 0 || 64.0% || 6 || 18
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2015
|
| 21 || 13 || 8 || 0 || 60% || 4 || 18
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2016
|
| 22 || 12 || 10 || 0 || 52.2% || 8 || 18
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2017
|
| 22 || 6 || 16 || 0 || 27.3% || 15 || 18
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2018
|
| 22 || 12 || 10 || 0 || 54.5% || 9 || 18
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="font-weight:normal"|2019
|
| 10 || 3 || 7 || 0 || 30% || 17 || 18
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=2| Career totals
! 211
! 106
! 105
! 0
! 50.23%
!colspan=2|
|}

Personal life
<mask>'s identical twin brother <mask> played alongside him at the Brisbane Lions and is now the coach of Geelong. <mask> is the younger twin by a few minutes. In September 2014, <mask>'s wife Penny gave birth to their first child, a son. References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Brisbane Lions players
Brisbane Lions Premiership players
Hawthorn Football Club players
North Melbourne Football Club coaches
People educated at St Kevin's College, Melbourne
Eastern Ranges players
Twin people from Australia
Twin sportspeople
Identical twins
Australia international rules football team players
Two-time VFL/AFL Premiership players

masks:
Bradley David Walter Scott
Brad
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Chris Scott
Brad
Scott


texts:
Pt. <mask> (31 August 1903 - 14 October 1975) was an Indian lawyer and independence activist. He was the Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh from 1952 to 1969. Early life
<mask> was born in a Brahmin family of Mariyadpur (now in Mau) in district Azamgarh of Uttar Pradesh. As he was born on Krishna Janmashtami his parents named him <mask>. He was the eldest of four sons and one daughter of <mask>, a civil and a criminal lawyer, at the Azamgarh Bar, and a long-serving M.L.C. Advocate General U.P.(India)

<mask> was the fourth Advocate General of the state of Uttar Pradesh since the creation of the position of Advocate General in 1937, the year that saw the formation of the first responsible representative government in the province by the Indian National Congress, under the Government of India Act, 1935. He held this position for 17 years - 1952 till 1969 - during which period different political parties across the political spectrum were elected and formed the government. This remains a record as of date - October 2015. He resigned as Advocate General U.P. in 1969 - the year his wife died. Advocate Generals appointed till Pt. <mask> <mask>ra:
 First Advocate General 	1937
- Dr. Narain Prasad Asthana
 Second Advocate General 	1942 and First Advocate General of Pakistan	1947
- Mr. Mohammad Wasim
 Third Advocate General 	1947
- Sir Peary <mask>ji
 Fourth Advocate General	1952 till 1969
- Pt.<mask> <mask>ra

Marriage and children

Pt. <mask> <mask>ra married twice. His first marriage was to Savitri Devi who bore two children Shanti (daughter) and Vijay Prakash (son). After the demise of Savitri Devi, he married Gayatri Devi who gave birth to the remaining children: Ravindra Prakash (son),  Justice Ajay Prakash (son), Jyoti (daughter), Priti (daughter), Ranjan (son) and  Munindra (son). Smt Gayatri Devi died on 29 April 1969. Timeline

Pt. <mask> <mask>ra studied at Banaras (Varanasi) in the Theosophical School under Dr. Mrs. Annie Beasant.1925 - Graduated with honours in Economics securing 91% marks in English. 1926 - Sat for the Indian Civil Service Examination and securing 150/150 in the English paper, an unbreakable record. However, due to his student day's speeches of freedom and his influence by Mahatma Gandhi he was not selected. 1927 - Passed his Law Examination and joint the District Bar. 1930 - October, shifted to the Allahabad High Court. He had an exceptional command of the Hindi, English and Urdu language. 1942 - Imprisoned during the Indian freedom struggle in the Naini Central Jail along with Pt.Jawaharlal Nehru, <mask> Shastri, P. D. Tandon and others. 1951 - Offered Judgeship but on his request he was reluctantly not appointed. He attained eminence in the legal field with his flare of advocacy, depth of learning, sweet trapping court craft, humility, and a photogenic memory. His simplicity and brilliance was his landmark. 1952 - Appointed Advocate General, U.P. and continued till 9 March 1969 irrespective of the political party which came to power during this period. 1955 - Offered Supreme Court Judgeship (being the first advocate to receive such distinction) without being a judge.He requested through the Chief Justice of Allahabad High Court – Justice B. Malik, the then Chief Minister and Home Minister to spare him which again they did reluctantly. His reason was that he wanted to be in public life, serving institutions and the public at large. 1969 - Resigned as Advocate General U.P. - the year his wife expired. As Advocate General U.P. he was closely associated with the Government and the Chief Ministers of Uttar Pradesh:
 Pt. Govind Ballabh Pant,
 Dr. Sampurnanand,
 Sri C.B.Gupta,
 Smt. Sucheta Kripalani and
 Sri Charan Singh. He attained excellence in the legal profession in the country and appeared in most High Courts and Supreme Court of India. During the time he was Advocate General of U.P. and even thereafter he appeared for several states of the country in important cases, viz. Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal etc. Some famous cases conducted by him were the Blitz case in the Bombay High Court, Maharashtra – Mysore boundary dispute, case of Sri Pratap Singh Kairon, for States of West Bengal and Bihar, in-famous Symbol Case before the Election Commission, Gorakhnath Case in the Supreme Court and in the case against Murdhra etc.He had the distinction of appearing against almost all the top advocates of the country. He appeared successfully for the state of Bihar against the Raja of Ramgarh in the Calcutta High court. He commanded the top position on both civil and criminal side and attained the position of a legal luminary and senior advocate. Pt. K.L. Misra conducted on behalf of the ruling Congress, the Indian Congress Party Symbol Case in the Supreme Court, was also responsible for defending the State Government in the State Zamindari Abolition case and defended for some time Mrs Indira Gandhi, the Prime Minister, in her election petition case at the Allahabad High Court prior to his falling ill and thereafter the case was handed over to Mr. Sri Satish Chand Khare, Senior Advocate. Mrs Gandhi subsequently lost this case which led to the Emergency being imposed in India

Social works

He was the Chairman of the Bar Council (17/12/1961 to 09/03/1969), President of the Bar Association of Allahabad, President of the Harish Chandra Research Institute and member of its executive council, President of the Prayag Sangeet Samiti, President of the  to name a few.He also had the honour to serve the Allahabad University as its Hon' Treasurer and as a member of its executive council and also judged answer papers of the Law examination way above the L.L.B. degree that he held as his personal educational qualification in Law. A relatively unknown trait of Punditji was his poetry writing capabilities (in Hindi) when emotionally charged - like on demise of his wife, Gayatri Devi. Demise

Further reading
 Sri Siddhartha Shankar Ray
 'Pt. <mask> <mask>ra - My Father' by Munindra Misra
 'Courting Destiny' by Shanti Bhushan
 'Before Memory Fades: An Autobiography' by Fali S. Nariman

References

External links

 Pt. K.L<mask>, Advocate General U.P.Poem by Pt. K.L. Misra
 Some Articles by Pt. <mask> <mask>ra
 Many Splendoured Man by Sri Siddhartha Shankar Ray (Allahabad High Court Centenary)
 Pt. <mask> <mask>ra
 Pt. K.L. Misra
 Allahabad High Court Centenary Celebration (1866-1966) Vol.1 & 2 and Post Centenary Silver Jubilee Celebration (1866-1991) Vol. 1 & 2
 Keynote Address on the 100th Birth Anniversary of Pt. K.L Misra - Lecture on Spirituality and Law

Advocates General for Indian states
Advocate General Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian lawyers
Indian National Congress politicians from Uttar Pradesh
Indian solicitors
Indian legal scholars
Indian Senior Counsel
Indian barristers
Quit India Movement
Senior Advocates in India
Allahabad High Court
University of Allahabad
Indian independence activists from Uttar Pradesh
1903 births
1969 deaths
People from Azamgarh
People from Mau
Politicians from Allahabad
Uttar Pradesh politicians
Scholars from Allahabad

masks:
Kanhaiya Lal Misra
Misra
Kanhaiya Lal
Baidnath Misra
Misra
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
Lal Baner
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
Lal Bahadur
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
. Misra
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis
Kanhaiya
Lal Mis