texts:
<mask> (born 17 July 1965) is a Spanish filmmaker and actor, best known for  his Torrente film series. He also worked to a lesser extent as a TV presenter, voice actor and comic book writer, as well as being a collector of original comic books. At 12, he began making films with a Super-8 camera, and, after a recommendation from Fernando Trueba, began to make films in 35 mm, funded by his appearances in TV game shows. Fame would come with his first feature, Torrente, el brazo tonto de la ley, to be followed by numerous sequels that would make it the highest grossing Spanish film series. Life and career
<mask> was born in the Carabanchel neighbourhood in Madrid. After studying Arts at the Complutense University of Madrid, he decided to pursue a career as a filmmaker and in 1989 he directed the short Relatos de medianoche with a budget of 7000 pesetas (around US$50). In 1992 he went on to direct his first professional short Evilio, followed with Perturbado in 1993.Segura is a recurring protagonist in the works of directors Alex de la Iglesia and Guillermo del Toro. In 1993, he had a small role in Alex de la Iglesia's film Acción mutante. Two years later, he starred in El día de la Bestia, from the same director and that role made him famous in Spain. In 1998 he directed the film that brought him to stardom, Torrente: El brazo tonto de la ley (1998), in which he also acted as the lead character José Luis Torrente, a sleazy crime-fighter. Its popularity led to a sequel (Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella) and a computer game (Torrente: El juego). Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella made €22,838,500 at the Spanish box office, becoming the highest grossing Spanish film of all time. Torrente 3: El protector, the third film in the series, was released in September 2005.Its advertising campaign parodied Batman Begins, using the phrase "Torrente Acabado" ("Torrente Finished"). Although he declared Torrente 3: El protector would be the last of the Torrente series, Torrente 4 was released in 2011. In 2010, he played the title role in El gran Vázquez, based on the life of the legendary cartoonist/wastrel Manuel Vázquez Gallego. In 2014 he released Torrente V: Operación Eurovegas with Alec Baldwin as guest star, and was the top release of 2014 in Spain. He has since made his way into American culture by making appearances in movies such as Pacific Rim, Hellboy, Hellboy II: The Golden Army and Blade II (all of them by Del Toro), Perdita Durango (by De la Iglesia), Jack and Jill and Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London. He has also dubbed video games to Spanish, like Jack Black's role in Brütal Legend. Because of his success, <mask> has become a producer.He owns Amiguetes Entertainment company, he is associated with the theater in Estación del Norte in Madrid, and has produced Promedio rojo (2004) (featuring Nicolás López) and Aquí mando yo... y punto com. In 2018 he appeared in the third season of MasterChef Celebrity. He was the 10th contestant to be eliminated. Filmography

As Filmmaker

Film
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Year !! Work !! Director !!Writer !! Producer !! (2000) .... Cyrille Léotard
 Obra maestra (2000) .... Benito Cañaveras
 Torrente 2: Misión en Marbella (2001, actor, writer, director and producer) .... Torrente
 Girl from Rio (2001) .... Paulo
 Manolito Gafotas en ¡Mola ser jefe! (2001) .... Himself (uncredited)
 Blade II (2002) .... Rush
 Asesino en serio (2002, co-producer) .... Padre Gorkisolo
 Zero/infinito (2002) .... (voice)
 El oro de Moscú (2003) .... Íñigo Fuentes
 Beyond Re-Animator (2003) .... Speedball
 Tiptoes (2003) .... Motel Manager
 Una de zombis (2003, actor and producer) .... Padre Pelayo / Entrecot / Himself
 Noin (2003) ....Himself
 Agent Cody Banks 2: Destination London (2004) .... <mask>
 Hellboy (2004) .... Train Driver
 Isi Disi (2004) .... Isi
 Promedio rojo (2004, producer) .... Doctor
 Di que sí (2004) .... Oscar Vázquez
 El asombroso mundo de Borjamari y Pocholo (2004, actor and producer) .... Borjamari
 Torrente 3: El protector (2005, actor, writer, director and producer) .... Torrente
 Bienvenido a casa (2006)
 La máquina de bailar (2006) .... Johnny
 Isi & Disi, alto voltaje (2006) .... Isi
 Ekipo Ja (2007) .... <mask>gura
 Asterix at the Olympic Games (2008) .... Docteurmabus
 Hellboy II: The Golden Army (2008) .... Distinguished Buyer
 Manolete (2008) .... Guillermo
 King Shot (2009)
 Tensión sexual no resuelta (2010) .... Hacker (uncredited)
 The Last Circus (2010) .... Padre-Payaso tonto
 El gran Vázquez (2010) .... Vázquez
 Torrente 4: Lethal Crisis (2011) .... Torrente
 Koma (2011) .... Vendedor
 Jack and Jill (2011) .... Eduardo (uncredited)
 As Luck Would Have It (2011) .... David Solar
 Pa' Habbo (2011)
 El Chef (2012) .... Juan
 Pacific Rim (2013) .... Wizened Man
 Gente en sitios (2013)
 Witching & Bitching (2013) .... Miren
 Torrente V: Operación Eurovegas (2014) .... Torrente
 Pos eso (2014) .... Damián / Obispo / Satán (voice)
 Rey Gitano (2015) .... Conde de Segura
 The Strain (2015, TV Series) .... Evil Boxing Coach
 My Big Night (2015) .... Benítez
 Wild Oats (2016) .... Carlos
 The Queen of Spain (2016) .... Castillo
 Herederos de la bestia (2016)
 Casi leyendas (2017) .... Axel
 You Only Live Once (2017) .... Tobías López
 Los resucitados (2017) .... Don Lorenzo, Conde de Evilio
 Sin Rodeos (2018)
 Padre no hay más que uno'' (2019) .... Javier

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1965 births
Male actors from Madrid
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Living people
Spanish male film actors
Spanish male comedians
Spanish stand-up comedians
Spanish film directors
20th-century Spanish male actors
21st-century Spanish male actors

masks:
Santiago Segura Silva
Santiago
Santiago Segura
Santiago
Santiago Se


type: original

texts:
<mask>'<mask> (born 1 August 1954) is a retired United States Air Force general who served in many command, comptroller, and leadership roles during the course of his career. Some of his leadership roles included being the  Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force, commander of the 75th Air Base Wing at Hill AFB, commander of the 72nd Support Group at Tinker AFB, and the commander of the 4th Comptroller Squadron at Seymour Johnson AFB. He retired 1 October 2015 after more than 44 years of service. He received the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Personal life
<mask> was born in Washington, D.C. on 1 August 1954. He later moved with his family to Seat Pleasant in Prince George's County, Maryland, a suburb just outside Washington. <mask> attended Central High School in Prince George's County, where he participated in academic and varsity sports programs that helped him develop leadership and personal discipline.<mask> is married to <mask> <mask>. Together they have three children; <mask>'neil <mask> II, Derrick Lajuane <mask> (married to <mask>), and Shannon Christine <mask> (married to Michael Watson). Enlisted service
In 1971, <mask> walked into a recruiting office in Suitland, Maryland and signed up for the Air Force. His first job as an airman was as an administrative clerk at Pope Air Force Base in North Carolina. He was then sent to Taiwan, where he was promoted to airman first class. After his overseas assignment, the Air Force sent <mask> to Whiteman Air Force Base in Missouri, a Strategic Air Command base. As <mask>’s period of enlistment came to an end, he was offered a football scholarship at Clemson University.However, he decided to re-enlist and focused his attention on getting his bachelor's degree while he continued to serve in the Air Force. He began taking weekend classes from Southern Illinois University. In 1979, he was awarded a bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering technology. <mask> then applied and was accepted into Officer Training School. He finished the training program as a distinguished graduate and was commissioned a second lieutenant in February 1980. Air Force officer
As a second lieutenant, <mask> was assigned to the financial management career field. His first officer assignment in 1980 was as a cost analyst for the Air Force Reserve Command at Robins Air Force Base in Georgia.During that three-year tour <mask> served as the chief of the headquarters cost analysis branch. In 1982, he was transferred to the Pentagon. He served on the Air Staff for four years, first as a cost analyst and then a budget officer. In August 1986, <mask> was reassigned to Military Airlift Command headquarters at Scott Air Force Base in Illinois. He served three years there, first as a budget officer and then as an executive officer. He attended the Marine Corps Command and Staff College in Quantico, Virginia from July 1989 until January 1990. After graduating from that military education program, he was selected to his first command.<mask> was commander of the 4th Comptroller Squadron at Seymour Johnson Air Force Base in North Carolina for three years. During his tenure as commander, the 4th Comptroller Squadron was selected as the best comptroller unit in the Air Force, first in 1991 and then again in 1992. This was the first time a comptroller squadron had received best in the Air Force recognition two years in a row. In August 1993, <mask> was selected to attend the Industrial College of the Armed Forces at Fort Lesley J. McNair, receiving a Master of Science degree from the college in June 1994. This was followed by an assignment to the White House Military Office, where he was the first Air Force officer to serve as assistant chief of staff. <mask> was then selected for group command. He served as commander of the 72nd Support Group at Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma from August 1996 to January 1998.He was promoted to colonel during that assignment. As a result of his successful tour as a group commander, <mask> was selected for a wing command. He took command of the 75th Air Base Wing at Hill Air Force Base in Utah, serving there from February 1998 until July 1999. His next assignment was at Headquarters Air Combat Command at Langley Air Force Base in Virginia, where he served as the command’s comptroller from September 1999 until June 2003. Flag rank service
<mask> was transferred to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio in June 2003, where he became director of mission support at Headquarters Air Force Materiel Command. In this role, <mask> was responsible for overseeing installation support for the command. This included civil engineering, communications, force protection, and base morale and welfare services.These functions supported daily operations at 10 installations across the United States. <mask> was promoted to brigadier general in July 2004. In August 2005, he was transferred to the Oklahoma City Air Logistics Center at Tinker Air Force Base, where he served as the center’s vice commander for one year. In August 2006, <mask> returned to the Pentagon to serve as director of budget operations and personnel in the office of the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller. In August 2007, he was promoted to major general. He became the Air Force’s Deputy Assistant Secretary for Budget in October of that year. During his tour as deputy assistant secretary for budget, <mask> received the Eugene M. Zuckert Management Award.The award cited his leadership in developing the President's 2008 budget and his work to secure the 2007 and 2008 supplemental appropriations needed to fund war operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. During this period, <mask> also served on the Army and Air Force Exchange Service board of directors and the Air Force Aid Society board of directors. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general in April 2010, prior to moving to the Pentagon’s Joint Staff as director of Force Structure, Resources and Assessment (also known as "J8"). In this position, he was responsible for overseeing the developing defense weapon systems, conducting studies and analysis of military force structure and requirements, and evaluating military programs and resourcing strategies for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. <mask> also served as chairman of the Joint Capabilities Board and secretary for the Joint Requirements Oversight Council. In 2010, US Black Engineer and Information Technology Magazine honored <mask> with the Black Engineer of the Year Career Achievement in Government Award. On 11 May 2012, the President nominated <mask> for promotion to general and recommended him for appointment as Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force.The United States Senate confirmed his nomination and appointment as Vice Chief on 24 May 2012. He was officially promoted to four-star general 27 July 2012, the same day he assumed the duties of Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. As Vice Chief of Staff, <mask> directs the Air Staff and is the Air Force’s representative on the Joint Requirements Oversight Council and several other joint service boards. He also assists the Chief of Staff of the Air Force with the organizing, training, and equipping of 690,000 active-duty, Air National Guard, Air Force Reserve, and civilian personnel who make up the United States Air Force. <mask> retired from the Air Force on 1 October 2015. Post-military career
After retiring from the Air Force in 2015, <mask> became president of the Air Force Association. In that position, he oversees the association's professional staff and manages the organization’s day-to-day operations.He is also the publisher of Air Force Magazine, the association’s professional journal. Under his leadership, the Air Force Association set records for membership growth and revenue generation. In 2019, Spenser left the Air Force Association. The following year, he became president of the Armed Forces Benefit Association and 5Star Life Insurance Company. <mask> has been a member of the Whirlpool Corporation board of director since 2016, and as of 2021, he is also a member of the board of directors for Triumph Group and Haynes International. In addition, he is a distinguished senior fellow of University of Pennsylvania’s Fels Institute of Government and a member of the Defense Business Board, a group that provides the Secretary of Defense with independent private sector advice on business management related issues. Legacy
There are two Air Force awards named in <mask>'s honor.In June 2015, the Air Force created an award to recognize innovation and efficiency within the Service, naming it in honor of <mask>. The General <mask><mask> Innovation Award is an outgrowth of two programs <mask> created as Vice Chief of Staff, The Make Every Dollar Count and Airmen Powered by Innovation programs encouraged airmen bring new ideas into Air Force operations, helping to create a culture of innovation throughout the Air Force. The Air Force also presents, the General <mask> Special Acts and Services Award. <mask> is the author of two books. His first book is titled The Green Eyeshades of War. Published in 2016, it is a history of military financial management during war time. His second book is an autobiography titled Dark Horse, published in 2021.The following four sections are from this Public Domain source. Education
1979 Bachelor of Science in industrial engineering technology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale
1980 Officer Training School (distinguished graduate), Lackland Air Force Base, Texas
1983 Squadron Officer School (distinguished graduate), Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama
1987 Master of Science in business management, Webster College, St. Louis, Missouri
1990 Marine Corps Command and Staff College, Quantico, Virginia
1994 Master of Science in resource strategy (distinguished graduate), Industrial College of the Armed Forces, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.
2005 Logistics Technology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
2005 Black Sea Region Seminar, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
2007 Systems Acquisition Management Course, Defense Acquisition University, Fort Belvoir, Virginia
2011 Pinnacle, Joint, Coalition and Interagency Studies program, National Defense University, Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C. Awards and decorations
<mask>'s awards and decorations include:

Effective dates of promotion

 General <mask> served as a non-commissioned officer for around 9 years before receiving his commission in 1980. References

United States Air Force generals
Vice Chiefs of Staff of the United States Air Force
Living people
People from Washington, D.C.
Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy alumni
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
1954 births
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
People from Seat Pleasant, Maryland

masks:
Larry O
neil Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Ora
Mae Spencer
Larry O
Spencer
Spencer
Gina Spencer
Spencer Watson
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Larry O
. Spencer
Spencer
Larry Spencer
Spencer
Spencer
Spencer


texts:
<mask> (born 1973) is a choreographer and artist. His work is concerned with the theoretical and practical reworking of choreography and dance and its contribution to society. Kliën is acknowledged for his interdisciplinary thinking, critical writing, curatorial projects and choreographic works equally at home in the Performing as well as the Fine Arts. The most notable works include 'Einem' Ballett Frankfurt, 'Sediments of an Ordinary Mind' and 'Standing in Ink' for Daghdha Dance Company, 'Choreography for Blackboards' for Hayward Gallery, 'Slattery's Lamp' for IMMA's (Irish Museum of Modern Art) permanent collection, a solo-exhibition at IMMA and the publication of 'Books of Recommendations' – Choreography as an Aesthetics of Change'. Biography
Kliën was born in Hollbrunn, Austria and grew up in Vienna. He is the brother of composer and media artist <mask> and comedian <mask>. After early training in classical and modern dance in Vienna and New York he studied contemporary dance at the Laban Centre for Movement and Dance, London.Kliën co-founded Barriedale Operahouse a London-based performance collective (1994 until 2000) and the commercial live-events consultancy BOHI Ltd (1996 -1999). In 2003 he was appointed Artistic Director/CEO of Daghdha Dance Company (until 2011), Ireland. As the choreographer, curator and producer of numerous touring productions, installations, festivals and events and his work has been situated across the world. Co-founder of website Choreograph.net (2001) and a founding member of The Institute of Social Choreography (with Kliën's longterm collaborator Steve Valk) (2012). During his two years as a guest-choreographer at Ballett Frankfurt he also acted as artistic advisor to William Forsythe. He was awarded a PhD from Edinburgh College of Art in 2009 and regularly lecturers at various international institutions. He lives with his wife and daughter alternately in Greece and Ireland.Approaches to Choreography
Kliën understands choreography as an autonomous artistic discipline concerned with the workings and governance of patterns, dynamics and ecologies. The aim of this conception is to engage choreography's social potential to pursue sustainable orders of human relations (Social Choreography). According to Kliën 'choreography as an aesthetics of change' assumes the creative practice of setting relations, or setting the conditions for new relations to emerge. His 2002 definition "choreography as setting the conditions for things to happen" is frequently used amongst practitioners. A more elaborate definition, that he co-authored with writer Jeffrey Gormly in 2005, is cited increasingly in academia

Work
Kliën's choreographies are predominantly dance-based works of art, situated in galleries, museums or on stages. Visual art works often form part of his choreographic output and other works act directly upon the social sphere (Social Choreography). Initially his work was concerned with modelling and exploring structures of living-systems.After 2004 it shifted towards possible contributions choreography can make in the forming of society and the disclosure of reality through dance. His choreographies for dance are marked by a distinctive improvisation methodology and the subsequent movement aesthetic. Framemakers (2005- ) international public thinktank and lecture series
 Daghdha Space (2005-2011) conception, refurbishment, and curation of St. John's Church / Daghdha Space

Choreographic Methodology
Kliën developed a series of new choreographic methods including non-linear, distributed and dialogical procedures as well as improvisation methodologies for dance. Underlying these is a mapping procedure that allows dancers to embody their streams of consciousness in real time as well as Kliën's notion of 'Sedimenting', meaning the accumulation of selected movement material through learning in real-time as integral part of the choreography. Publications
 'ChoreoGraph –Non-Linear Choreography & Fluid Environments', M.Klien & N. Mortimore, Performance Research Journal, Vol. 4, No.2, 1999, Routledge, UK
 'Choreography – A Pattern Language', M. Klien, Kybernetics Journal Vol. 36 No.7/8, 2007, Emerald Publishers, UK
 'What Do You Choreograph At The End Of The World? ', M.Klien & S.Valk, Zodiak: Unden Taussin Taehen, 2007, Like, Finland
 'Book Of Recommendations –Choreography As An Aesthetics Of Change', M.Klien & S.Valk & J.Gormly, 2008, Daghdha, Ireland
'Framemakers: Choreography as an Aesthetics of Change', Gormly, J., (ed. ), 2008, Daghdha, Ireland
 'Choreographic Drawings', M. Kliën, Boulevard Magenta, Journal 6, 2009, IMMA, Ireland
 'Propositions: To Dance Differently, M. Kliën

References

External links
 Personal Homepage
 Facebook Page
 Video Documentation of Work
  Daghdha Archive
  Institute of Social Choreography
  Choreograph.net

1973 births
Austrian choreographers
Dancers from Vienna
Irish artists
Living people
Contemporary dance choreographers
Alumni of the Edinburgh College of Art

masks:
Michael Kliën
Volkmar Klien
Peter Klien


texts:
Mariam Dadiani (; born between 1599 and 1609; died 1682) was a daughter of <mask>, Prince of Mingrelia, by his second wife, Tamar Jaqeli. Thrice married, successively to Simon I Gurieli, Prince of Guria, in 1621, King Rostom of Kartli in 1638, and the latter's adopted son and successor, King Vakhtang V in 1658. Mariam's dynastic marriages were part of complex political relations in the successor states of the former Kingdom of Georgia. Her first marriage was disrupted by her half-brother Levan II <mask>, Prince of Mingrelia, in response to Simon Gurieli's patricidal coup. The second marriage, that with Rostom of Kartli, turned Mariam into an important figure in the contemporaneous Georgian politics. The wedding entourage was a thousands-strong army, which had to fight their way to Kartli against the forces of the principal opponent of the union, King George III of Imereti, an ally of Rostom's major foe, King Teimuraz I of Kakheti,

Beyond being a factor of rapprochement between Mingrelia and Kartli, Mariam, a devout Christian, acted as a protector of Georgian Christianity in lieu of her Muslim and religiously tolerant husband and helped relax religious tension in the country. At her request, the couple's wedding ceremony was held in a Christian rite.The queen had several churches repaired and restored and the medieval Georgian chronicles copied and compiled. Mariam's only child, born of her first marriage to Prince Gurieli, died young. The childless Rostom, anxious to secure the dynastic survival of the Bagrationi family under the protection of the Safavid empire of Iran, adopted the prince of Mukhrani, also of Bagrationi descent, who succeeded on his death as Vakhtang V and married the queen dowager <mask> as her third husband. She outlived Vakhtang and died aged over 70. She was buried with royal honors at the Cathedral of the Living Pillar at Mtskheta. Family background and first marriage
Mariam was a daughter of Manuchar I, reigning prince of Mingrelia of the Dadiani dynasty, by his second wife, Tamar Jaqeli, daughter of Kaikhosro II Jaqeli, Prince of Samtskhe. Levan II Dadiani, Manuchar's successor as Prince of Mingrelia, to whose political calculations Mariam's subsequent fate was closely tied, was her half-brother, born of Manuchar's first marriage to Nestan-Darejan, daughter of Alexander II of Kakheti.In 1621, Levan II arranged Mariam's marriage with Simon Gurieli, son of Mamia II Gurieli, Prince of Guria. Simon murdered his own father and seized control of Guria in 1625, prompting Levan to intervene militarily. Defeated and captured at Lanchkhuti, Simon lost his throne, sight, and family; Levan had him blinded, installed a loyal regime in Guria, and took Mariam and her son with him to Mingrelia. Simon kept in touch with his ex-wife and died as a monk at Jerusalem in 1672. Second marriage

A major turning point in Mariam's life came in 1638, when King Rostom of Kartli requested her hand in marriage. Rostom, a recent widower of around 70, was a Muslim Georgian, a natural son of the late king of Kartli, David XI (Daud-Khan). An influential courtier of the Safavid shahs of Iran, he had acceded to the throne of Kartli in 1633.His willingness to cooperate with his Safavid suzerains won for Kartli relative peace and a larger degree of autonomy. But Rostom's control otf Kartli was challenged by his deposed predecessor Teimuraz I, of the Kakhetian Bagrationi, who had spent decades fighting against the Iranian hegemony. In his quest of political allies, Rostom sent the diplomat and churchman Nikoloz Cholokashvili as a marriage broker to the Dadiani court. The union also furthered Levan II's desire to have King George III of Imereti, an in-law and ally of Rostom's arch-rival Teimuraz, in check. As a faithful vassal, Rostom consulted Shah Safi about the decision. The shah approved this strategic marital arrangement as it suited the Safavid interest to extend their influence over Mingrelia and, ultimately, to conquer Imereti, which was considered as its spheres of influence by the Ottoman Empire, then at war with Iran. Shah Safi sent wedding presents, paid Dadiani 50,000 marchil (about 1.5 tones of silver) and granted him an annual salary of 1,000 tumans (gold coins of 3 grams).The marriage preparations alarmed the Imeretians. The groom's party was a 30,000-strong army marching to meet Levan's heavily armed entourage. George III of Imereti blocked the border with Kartli, compelling Rostom's wedding suite to take a circuitous route via Akhaltsikhe, and intercepted Dadiani on his way to the marriage, but he was defeated and taken prisoner by Levan at the Kaka Bridge near Baghdati. The wedding was lavishly celebrated at Rostom's capital of Tbilisi. Rostom, an Iranian-raised Muslim known for his religious tolerance and determined to keep Kartli at peace and consolidate his hold of the country under the Safavid patronage, acceded to the request of his Christian bride and the ceremony was held in Christian rites, with the nominal ritual baptism of the king prior to the wedding, as reported by the Italian eyewitness, Don Pietro Avitabile. He further stresses that Rostom frequently crossed himself in Mariam's presence and attended the liturgy. Patronage of culture

The religious dichotomy of the court of Tbilisi added another, socio-cultural meaning to Rostom's political marriage to Mariam.Kartli, ruled by the Muslim king, whom his mostly Christian subjects accused of transplanting Iranian and Muslim customs into the country, acquired a patroness of the Christian church and culture. Acting with the consent and approval of Rostom, sometimes even independently of him, Mariam was able to reduce taxes levied on the church institutions and perishes, repair and refurnish the churches across eastern Georgia, including the Sioni church in Tbilisi, the patriarchal cathedral of the Living Pillar in Mtskheta, and the Alaverdi church in Kakheti. She was, however, unable to save her confessor, Catholicos Eudemus I, from Rostom's revenge; he was arrested and strangled in a prison cell in 1642 for having conspired with the exiled king Teimuraz to assassinate Rostom. Mariam also had the medieval Georgian chronicles, the Life of Kartli, copied, collated, and edited sometime between 1638 and 1645. The manuscript, known the Mariamiseuli ("Queen Mariam Variant"), was found in 1885 and represented, until the discovery of the 15th-century Anaseuli ("Queen Ana Variant") in 1913, the earliest known Georgian text of the Life of Kartli. Issue of succession
Rostom had no children of either of his marriages. Anxious to secure the dynastic continuity in Kartli, he first adopted Mariam's son of her first marriage to Gurieli, Prince Otia, who was married to a daughter of Zaal, Duke of Aragvi.The prince died in 1645 or 1646 (according to the historian Cyril Toumanoff, "the date 1646, found on his tomb at the Mcxet'a Cathedral, must be taken to refer to its erection and not to the Prince's death."). Another candidacy was Prince Mamuka of Imereti, a son of the late king George III of Imereti and a brother of the reigning king Alexander III of Imereti, whom Mariam's half-brother Levan Dadiani fought relentlessly. Mamuka had found refuge in Kartli, but he was again in Imereti in 1647, when Levan captured him in battle and had his eyes gorged out. Alexander III complained to Rostom, who was outraged and, with the consent of Queen Mariam, solemnly cursed Levan Dadiani. The blinded prince Mamuka died in 1654. Around 1639, Rostom's choice then fell on a son of his first cousin, the Iranian-raised Prince Luarsab, who was killed while on a hunt in 1652. Rostom then tried to entice Luarsab's brother, Vakhtang, to become his heir, but the king's envoy found him already dead of illness in Iran.The envoy, Prince Bakhuta, of the collateral Bagrationi branch of Mukhrani, was eventually adopted by Rostom as his son and heir in 1653. Third marriage and last years
Rostom died at the age of 93 in 1658. The Iranian officials at Tbilisi sent his remains to be buried in Qom, the "holy city" of Shia Islam, and ordered the queen dowager Mariam to relocate to the citadel of Tbilisi. She was summoned by the shah to Isfahan, but she sent Prince Papuna Tsitsishvili as a messenger carrying a lock of her grey heir to show that she was too old to travel to Iran and a letter assuring the shah of the loyalty of her family. Rostom's adopted son, the prince of Mukhrani, was confirmed as the new king under the name of Vakhtang V or, upon his adoption of Islam, Shah-Navaz Khan. Pursuant to the shah's order, Vakhtang, then aged 40, reluctantly divorced Princess Rodam Orbeliani, by whom he had several children, and married his adopted mother, the queen dowager Mariam. On Vakhtang's accession large areas of Kartli were seething with unrest.Vakhtang's internal policy of patience and patronage coupled with Mariam's prestige among the Georgians relatively pacified Kartli. In the subsequent years, the aging queen Mariam was less actively involved in the politics, although she influenced her husband's decision to more energetically intervene in the power struggles in Mingrelia and Imereti in 1661. She also lent support to the church reforms undertaken by Patriarch Domentius III of Georgia. Mariam died in 1682, during the reign of her step-son George XI, outliving her third husband by seven years. She was buried with full Reginal honors at the Cathedral of the Living Pillar in Mtskheta, where her only son, Otia, had been interred. Ancestry

Notes

References

Further reading

1600s births
1682 deaths
Mariam
Queens consort from Georgia (country)
17th-century people from Georgia (country)
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Georgia (country)
17th-century women from Georgia (country)
17th-century people of Safavid Iran
Princesses consort of Guria

masks:
Manuchar I Dadiani
Dadiani
Mariam


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<mask> (born 23 January 1987) is a Welsh former professional footballer who played as a central midfielder. He started his career with then Championship side Cardiff City where he spent six years. He helped the club to the FA Cup Final in 2008 and to the Championship play-off final in 2010. In 2010, he moved to Celtic on a free transfer. He won the Scottish Premier League title in his second season with the club in 2012 and both the league and the Scottish Cup in 2013. He signed for Crystal Palace in January 2014 and played three and a half Premier League seasons for them. <mask> has played for Wales at under-17, under-19 and under-21 levels, before making his full debut in 2005.He has since gone on to make over 70 international appearances and has captained his country on several occasions. <mask> was in the Welsh squad that reached the semi-final of UEFA Euro 2016. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Cardiff, growing up in the Fairwater area. He attended Cantonian High School, where he was captain of the school football team. His schoolboy picture is displayed in the school to this day. He played several sports when he was younger, but only ever wanted to be a footballer. He grew up supporting Cardiff City and joined the club's youth system aged nine.During his later years as a trainee he was in charge of cleaning then captain Graham Kavanagh's boots. He continued to clean them for several months after breaking into the first team, this was to stop him from getting carried away with his new position. Club career

Cardiff City

2004–05
Ledley was called into the first team during the 2004–05 season, while still only 17. He made his debut in the League Cup, on 21 September 2004, coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute in a 4–1 win over Milton Keynes Dons He made his league debut the next month, on 16 October, in a 2–0 win over Rotherham United, again coming on as a substitute. Three days later he had his first start for the club in a 1–1 draw with Brighton & Hove Albion, he had several chances to score during the match including a header that hit the woodwork. After the match, Cardiff's goalscorer, Lee Bullock said that Ledley had been brilliant in his first start; creating chances as well as having some himself. Manager Lennie Lawrence said that he thought <mask> hadn't been fazed at all by the occasion and didn't look like he was making his debut.<mask>'s first goal for Cardiff came, on 2 November, in a 4–1 victory over West Ham. He brought the ball down from a cross before beating the keeper, Stephen Bywater, with a right foot drive. After this match <mask>'s manager and teammates were again full of praise for the youngster. Striker Paul Parry said that <mask>'s goal was brilliant and with the way he had been playing, creating so many chances for himself, it was no surprise that he had got his first goal. Manager Lawrence also said that he was impressed with other aspects of <mask>'s play. He thought that <mask> had shown incredible maturity during the match, saying that Ledley had, "an old head on a young pair of shoulders". He was also impressed with Ledley's positional play, pointing out how Ledley had tracked back late in the match to cut out a scoring opportunity for West Ham United, when other defenders hadn't seen the danger.On 4 February 2005 he committed his future to Cardiff City, signing a new long-term contract with the club. This was shortly after he had won a call up to the Wales under-21 squad. A month later he scored a vital goal, to earn three points for Cardiff as they beat Sheffield United 1–0. <mask>'s season ended in April as he suffered a fractured metatarsal bone in training. Before this he had played 32 times for Cardiff City and had also earned three Wales under-21 caps. His performances had provided a major boost for Cardiff City in what was a poor season for them as they were in relegation trouble at the bottom of the Championship and were suffering financial troubles as well. Lawrence said that he hoped <mask> would stay at Cardiff for the next few seasons and that he wouldn't be surprised if the 18-year-old earned a full Wales call-up in the near future.2005–06
<mask>'s first goal of the 2005–06 season came in a 2–1 League Cup victory over Macclesfield Town. He scored the equaliser after the League Two side had taken the lead. A month later, on 18 October, he scored in Cardiff's 2–2 draw against Preston North End. Four days later Cardiff beat Crewe Alexandra 6–1, with <mask> scoring the second to put them 2–1 up shortly after half time. Cardiff had been tipped for relegation at the start of the season but this victory put them on the verge of the play-off places. <mask>'s fourth goal of the season came in a 2–1 victory over Southampton on 31 December. 2006–07
Ledley scored in the first match of the 2006–07 season, the opener in a 2–1 win over Barnsley.He then scored several weeks later, as Cardiff City beat fellow promotion contenders Birmingham City, 2–0, to move top of the table. At this match Cardiff City had a full stadium, 20,000 fans, for the first time in over 45 years. This signalled their growing momentum in the league and the belief within the club that they were able to get promoted. <mask> was identified as one of the key players in Cardiff City's team, his pace on the left wing being vital to their tenacious style of play. On 25 September, <mask> scored in a 3–0 win over Southend United to confirm Cardiff's status as early season favourites. Cardiff entered the FA Cup at the third round and drew Tottenham Hotspur. The match ended 0–0 but <mask> had an excellent chance to put Cardiff City in the lead after 55 minutes, he got on the end of a cross but hit his shot just over the bar.The match went to a replay and Tottenham Hotspur won 4–0 at White Hart Lane on 17 January. On 2 February <mask> suffered a hamstring injury in a 2–0 win over Barnsley. At the end of the season he picked up the Football League goal of the season award for his strike against Barnsley. 2007–08
<mask> began the 2007–08 season in great form and earned several man of the match awards in the first four months and in October 2007 he signed a two-year extension to his contract at Cardiff City. In December 2007, Wolverhampton Wanderers offered a reported £2.5 million, which could go up to as much as £3.5 million with add-ons, to Cardiff City for <mask>. Cardiff City offered the deal to <mask> who turned the move down in order to stay with the Bluebirds. Premier League side Everton were also known to have taken an interest in him, reportedly considering making an offer of £3.5 million.At the time, Cardiff City valued him at a reported £5 million. Despite the speculation about his transfer <mask> himself stated that he was desperate to stay at Cardiff but concedes that he may have no choice should a high offer be made. Everton attempted a second move for <mask> at the end of the January transfer window, reportedly beating Wolves' previous £3m move, but the move was rejected by Cardiff. His form continued into February and early March before a hamstring injury forced him to miss several games, including Cardiff's 2–0 FA Cup quarter final victory over Middlesbrough. He returned to the side in time for the Semi Final against Barnsley where he scored the only goal to send Cardiff to their first Final since 1927, a goal which later earned him 'Player of the Round'. Cardiff went on to lose in the Final to Portsmouth. 2008–09
During the 2008 summer transfer window, recently promoted Premier League side Stoke City offered Cardiff £5m to sign <mask>, which Cardiff turned down.On 1 September 2008, the final day of the summer transfer window Stoke made a second bid, reported to be around £6m, but this too was firmly rejected by Cardiff. On 7 October, <mask> was named Welsh clubman of the year for the second consecutive year. He scored his first goal of the 2008–09 season during a 2–1 win over Crystal Palace on 15 November when he fired in after returning to the pitch after receiving treatment due to a dislocated finger. The injury later required surgery and <mask> was expected to be out for around one month but managed to return in time to play against Swansea City, with his finger in a cast, in the first league meeting between the two sides for nine years and scored with a left footed volley as the game ended 2–2, a goal which later earned him the club's goal of the season award. In his next game after the South Wales derby, on 6 December 2008, with captain Darren Purse dropped and vice-captain Stephen McPhail suspended, <mask>, at the age of just 21, captained Cardiff City for the first time in a 2–0 win over Preston North End. His performances in the absence of McPhail, which later earned him the Championship player of the month award for January, meant that he kept the Irish international out of the side as he continued as stand in captain, including a 0–0 draw with Arsenal in the fourth round of the FA Cup. The January transfer window saw increased speculation about <mask>'s future and Cardiff City turned down two bids from Premier League sides West Ham United, who saw an offer of £5m turned down, and Wigan Athletic, who had a bid of £4m and former Cardiff player and Wales international Jason Koumas rejected.He remained captain of the side for the rest of the season and at the end of the year was included in the 2008–09 Championship Team of the Year, along with teammate Roger Johnson. 2009–10
With only one year left on his contract, the end of the season saw increased speculation over his future, mostly from Hull City, whose manager Phil Brown attended the Bluebirds pre-season friendly against Celtic. This uncertainty resulted in <mask> being stripped of the captaincy. Despite the speculation over his future, <mask> remained with Cardiff and played 45 minutes of the first ever competitive match at the Cardiff City Stadium, before being substituted at half-time due to illness. In the third league match of the season, <mask> made his 200th league appearance for Cardiff in a 3–1 win over Plymouth Argyle. On 2 September 2009 <mask> was offered a new four-year contract by Cardiff City, which was later rejected. During a 3–1 defeat to Sheffield Wednesday on 26 September 2009, <mask> was sent off for the first time in his career after two bookable offences.Following a poor run of results by Cardiff City during November 2009, <mask> was the focus of criticism over his performances, most notably from Cardiff City chairman Peter Ridsdale who commented that, due to his ongoing contract talks, <mask> was "playing like he is somewhere else already". However, <mask> received backing from both Cardiff City manager Dave Jones and club captain Mark Hudson, before later stating that he needed surgery on a hip injury that had plagued him for the previous three months and subsequently hindered his performances. On 9 December, Cardiff confirmed that <mask> needed a hip operation before the end of the season. He scored his first goal of the season on 28 December with the opener against Peterborough United, and 17 minutes later he scored again with a header. On 29 January 2010, <mask> underwent surgery on his hip problem which was expected to rule him out for the rest of the season, but made an early return as a substitute during a 2–1 win over Swansea City. On 17 April, <mask> scored against Queens Park Rangers at Loftus Road to ensure Cardiff a 1–0 win and also a Championship Play-Off place for that season. He scored in the 36th minute of the Play-off Final against Blackpool on 22 May during a 3–2 defeat.<mask>'s contract expired at the end of the season and he moved to Scottish Premier League club Celtic. <mask>'s transfer to a team playing outside the English Football League system meant that Cardiff City did not receive any compensation for the transfer. Celtic

2010–11

Out of contract at the end of the 2009–10 season, <mask> entered into talks with several clubs, including Stoke City, West Bromwich Albion and AS Roma, before eventually joining Scottish Premier League side Celtic on a four-year contract on 12 July 2010. He made his competitive debut for the club on 28 July in a 3–0 defeat to Braga in the first leg of the third qualifying round of the UEFA Champions League, before making his SPL debut two weeks later in a 1–0 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle. <mask> was played in an unfamiliar role at left-back during his first month at Celtic, a position he had only previously played in once or twice. Despite playing in an unfamiliar position, he concentrated on establishing himself in his new team, stating "...if I am told to do a job for my team, I try to do it to the best of my ability", and he scored his first goal for Celtic against St Mirren in a 4–0 home victory in the SPL on 22 August 2010. By the end of August, the arrival of Honduran left-back Emilio Izaguirre saw <mask> return to his more familiar midfield role.On 6 November 2010 <mask> added another goal to his tally against Aberdeen in a league record 9–0 victory. Four days later <mask> was sent off when he was red carded for a challenge on Hearts midfielder Ian Black during a 0–2 defeat at Tynecastle. <mask> publicly defended himself, stating "I couldn't believe it when the ref sent me off. I thought it was a fair challenge", and added "I spoke to Ian

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 [Ian Black] after it and even he told me I got the ball – there was no way I went in to intentionally hurt anyone." Manager Neil Lennon also defended <mask> after the match, describing referee Craig Thomson's decision as "ridiculous". He regained his place in the team on his return from suspension and continued to play regularly. After a 3–1 win over Dundee United in February 2011, Neil Lennon praised <mask>'s performance, stating "In my opinion, Ledley completely ran the game in the first half – he was excellent.He was all over the place, winning tackles, making passes and getting up and down the park and it was great to see." On 16 March 2011, <mask> scored both Celtic goals in a 2–1 Scottish Cup win against Inverness Caledonian Thistle, taking Celtic into the last four. On 20 March 2011, <mask> played in the second cup final of his career, this time the Scottish League Cup Final against Rangers. He scored with a glancing header in the first half to equalise an earlier goal from Rangers, but the Ibrox club eventually ran out 2–1 winners after extra time. A hamstring injury sustained in a league game against Rangers on 24 April 2011 ruled <mask> out of action for the rest of that season, with him missing out on Celtic's 3–0 win over Motherwell in the Scottish Cup Final. 2011–12

<mask> played in Celtic's first game of the 2011–12 season, a 2–0 win over Hibernian. On 13 August he scored in a 5–1 win over Dundee United.On 10 September, he scored in a 4–0 victory over Motherwell. He then played in Celtic's 2–0 Europa League defeat against Atlético Madrid, but was left out of the first Old Firm match of the season. He was back in the team for Celtic's 2–0 Scottish League Cup victory over Ross County. On 24 September, he opened the scoring in Celtic's 2–0 win over Inverness. Five days later he started in Celtic's 1–1 draw with Italian team Udinese. He played at left back but had to come off at half time due to a groin injury. On 21 October, he scored a clever backwards header from a free-kick to give Celtic a 1–1 draw against Stade Rennais.He scored Celtic's winning goal in a 1–0 victory over Rangers in December 2011, a win which saw Celtic leap-frog their Old Firm rivals to first place in the league, and followed that up with another goal against Hearts in February 2012, before scoring again three days later against Inverness Caledonian Thistle. On 18 March 2012, <mask> played in another Scottish League Cup Final. However, for the second year running he was on the losing side as Celtic lost 1–0 to a late goal from Kilmarnock. The season did culminate in silverware for Ledley though, as Celtic won the Scottish Premier League for the first time in three years. The title was clinched on 7 April 2012 as Celtic crushed Kilmarnock 6–0 at Rugby Park, with <mask> scoring Celtic's fifth goal. After the match, <mask> described Celtic's title win as being "...one of the biggest achievements of my life", also adding that Celtic "...have been fantastic this season and we proved it again this time against a very good Kilmarnock team. We deserved it as we've played the best football in the SPL."In total, <mask> made 32 appearances in the league that season, scoring 7 times. 2012–13
On 8 August 2012, <mask> scored in Celtic's 2–0 away victory against HJK Helsinki in the second leg of the Champions League Third Qualifying Round. <mask> featured in both legs of Celtic's next qualifier against Helsingborg, which the club won 4–0 on aggregate to progress to the group stages of the Champions League. He then took part in 5 of these matches, including the club's first ever away win in the group stages – 3–2 vs Spartak Moscow – and the memorable 2–1 win over Barcelona at Parkhead. These results helped Celtic qualify for the last 16 round of the Champions League, albeit where they were comfortably beaten 5–0 on aggregate by Juventus, with Ledley only featuring in the second leg in Italy. <mask> continued to play regularly for Celtic throughout 2012–13 and captained the side on several occasions in February and March 2013 due to the absence of the injured Scott Brown. He scored Celtic's third goal in a 4–1 win over Inverness Caledonian Thistle on 21 April 2013, a win which clinched the League Championship for Celtic.<mask> collected more silverware at the end of season, scoring Celtic's third goal in a 3–0 win over Hibernian in the Scottish Cup Final. 2013–14
The following season, 2013–14, saw <mask> continue to play regularly for Celtic. However, as the season progressed uncertainty arose over his long-term future at Parkhead given that his contract was due to expire in the summer of 2014. Celtic commenced negotiations with <mask> for a new contract but by December 2013 no agreement had been reached. Manager Neil Lennon admitted in a press conference that "We [Celtic] have spoken to <mask> already on the situation, but we've heard nothing back", and on being whether it was more likely <mask> would leave Celtic as time went by without an answer, Lennon replied "The honest answer is, realistically, yes." Amidst the public speculation over his future, <mask> remained a first-team regular. On 29 January 2014, <mask> opening the scoring in a 4–0 win over Kilmarnock with his fifth goal of the season, a powerful low shot past goalkeeper Craig Samson.This transpired to be <mask>'s final appearance and goal for Celtic. Crystal Palace

On 31 January 2014, <mask> joined Crystal Palace for an undisclosed fee on a three-and-a-half year contract. His transfer move was completed with only minutes to spare before the conclusion of the transfer window. <mask> revealed that if he had not joined Crystal Palace, he would have signed a new contract with Celtic. Upon joining Crystal Palace, <mask> was given the number 28 shirt. He scored on his debut on 8 February in a 3–1 home win against West Bromwich Albion,  heading from a corner taken by fellow new signing Tom Ince. Following the match, manager Tony Pulis praised Ledley's performance.<mask> scored in a 3–0 win over his former club Cardiff on 5 April, and refused to celebrate. Pulis praised him for his performance at Cardiff, and his general play since joining Palace, stating "He's brought a little bit of class. He's got a fantastic attitude" and added that <mask>'s "work rate suits what I want as a manager. His ability is absolutely first class." As he did at Celtic, <mask> displayed his positional versatility by playing in central midfield, attacking midfield and at left-back. <mask> helped Crystal Palace to eventually finish the season in eleventh place in the Premier League, in mid-table and comfortably clear of relegation. The following season, playing in his favoured central midfield spot, he scored crucial goals in victories against Liverpool and Leicester City.On 9 June 2017, <mask> was released by Crystal Palace at the end of his contract. Derby County
Following his release, <mask> rejected several proposed moves during July and August 2017, turning down offers from two Championship sides as well as offers from clubs in Turkey and China, and was still without a club at the end of the summer transfer window. On 20 September 2017, he joined Championship side Derby County as a free agent until January 2018. <mask> made his debut for Derby on 26 September, scoring his first goal for the club in a 1–1 draw away at Brentford in the Championship. He signed an extended contract with the club on 28 November 2017, committing until the end of the 2018–19 season. On 30 January 2019, <mask>'s contract at Derby was terminated by mutual consent. Later career
On 6 December 2019, <mask> joined Charlton Athletic on a short-term deal.He made his only appearance the day after, being substituted at half time in a 1–0 loss at Middlesbrough. On 23 February 2020, with his one-month contract at Charlton having expired, <mask> trained with Newport County but turned down a contract. He joined A League side Newcastle Jets until the end of the season in May. He was signed by former international teammate Carl Robinson. Due to a hiatus because of the COVID-19 pandemic, he remained with the club until August. In February 2021, <mask> was training at League One club Bristol Rovers. However, on 18 March, he joined League Two side Newport County until the end of the season.He made his debut two days later in the 1–0 defeat at home to Leyton Orient as a second-half substitute. He was an unused substitute in the playoff final at Wembley Stadium on 31 May which Newport lost by a single extra-time goal to Morecambe. On 4 June it was announced that he would leave at the end of his contract. On 14 November 2021, <mask> announced his retirement from football. International career

<mask>'s first call-up to the Wales under-21 squad came midway through the 2004–05 season. At 17 he had begun to play in Cardiff City's first team and by the end of the season he had earned three under-21 caps, still only aged 18. His manager at Cardiff Lennie Lawrence said that he expected <mask> to be getting a full Wales call-up very shortly.In May, Wales manager John Toshack, when talking about the impact of captain Ryan Giggs retiring, said that he was hopeful for the future because <mask> along with other left-sided youngsters Gareth Bale and Lewin Nyatanga were all very talented players who could play for the national team for years to come. <mask> played at several youth levels for Wales as a youngster, eventually winning his first senior Wales cap in an away World Cup qualifying match against Poland on 7 September 2005. His first international goal came against San Marino in a Euro 2008 qualifier on 17 October 2007. In 2008 <mask>, along with a number of other full Wales internationals, was called back into the Wales U21 squad in a bid to help the team qualify for the U21 championships, only for a back injury to rule him out. On 29 May 2009, with a number of first team players missing from the side, <mask> was named as captain of Wales' youngest ever side for the 1–0 win over Estonia and Wales' 2010 World Cup qualifying match a week later against Azerbaijan in Baku. He won his 50th international cap on 16 November 2013 in a friendly against Finland, and was involved in the move which led to Wales' goal in a 1–1 draw. <mask> was called up for UEFA Euro 2016 in France, despite only returning from a broken leg a month earlier.He played all six games in a run to the semi-finals, starting each except the opener. International goals

Career statistics

Style of play
<mask> has been described as having a terrific engine. This is because of his high fitness level and work rate. He works equally hard in defence as attack and always looks to win the ball off the opposition, while he is also able to contribute goals to his team going forward. He is comfortable on the ball and is a decent passer. He is also a very physical player. <mask> has been criticised for not being a very quick player, some critics have suggested that several Premier League clubs who were interested in him may have been put off by his lack of pace.However, John Hartson has said that pace is not necessarily the most important thing, especially when <mask> is good in so many other aspects of the game. He has also said that he thinks <mask> would be able to play in the Premier League and compared his style of play to that of players like Xabi Alonso and Frank Lampard. At the start of <mask>'s career he was generally played as a left winger. However, since the 2008–09 season, he has been used more in the centre. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Ruby have two daughters, named Layla and Reeva, born in October 2010. In March 2011, <mask>'s house was broken into while he was in Hamilton and his wife and daughter were in Cardiff. After this they decided to move because they couldn't raise their child in a house that had been broken into.In September 2011, he was reportedly attacked while out in Glasgow City Centre. It was claimed by witnesses that a man headbutted him, then kicked him in the face after he fell to the ground before police stepped in. However, Strathclyde Police said that they had no record of the incident. <mask> was a Liverpool supporter as a youngster and Ryan Giggs was his hero. <mask> was named part of ITV's UEFA Euro 2020 coverage. Honours

Club
Cardiff City
FA Cup runner-up: 2007–08

Celtic
 Scottish Premiership: 2011–12, 2012–13,  2013–14
 Scottish Cup: 2012–13

Individual
Wales Club Player of the Year: 2007, 2008
PFA Championship Team of the Year: 2008–09
Championship Player of the Month: January 2009

References

External links

 <mask>ley profile Football Association of Wales

1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Cardiff
Welsh footballers
Association football midfielders
Cardiff City F.C. players
Celtic F.C.players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Derby County F.C. players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Newcastle Jets FC players
Newport County A.F.C. players
English Football League players
Scottish Premier League players
Scottish Professional Football League players
Premier League players
A-League Men players
Wales youth international footballers
Wales under-21 international footballers
Wales international footballers
UEFA Euro 2016 players
Welsh expatriate footballers
Welsh expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Expatriate soccer players in Australia
FA Cup Final

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Engr <mask> (born 21 March 1951) is a Nigerian politician and businessman. He was a former Minister for Works at the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Works. He was the retired group executive director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. As of January 2020, he is the President of Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting Group. He has held this position since 2011. After defecting from the People's Democratic Party to the All Progressive Congress, he made a bid for governor in the Edo State governorship election, 2016. He received 137 votes in the primary election, coming in fourth.He is married with 5 children. Background
Ogiemwonyi was born on 21 March 1951 to Mr. and Mrs. Agbonkpolor Ogiemwonyi in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. He attended Western Boys School, Benin City before proceeding to the University of Benin in 1969. He graduated in 1974, with a B.Sc. (Hons) in Applied Physics option in Electronics. He later attended the University of Ibadan. In 1976, he received a post-graduate diploma in petroleum engineering.He is a technocrat with a "father-degree of experience in the oil and gas industry. He's attended several local and international courses. He is an alumnus of the Harvard Business School. He is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers. He is also a highly-ranked member of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. He was President of the Nigeria Gas Association from 2006 to 2008. Ogiemwonyi is a recipient of the Justice of Peace by Edo State Government and Kwame Nkrumah  Leadership Award.He is also a patron to several bodies, including the National Association of Nigerian Students and the Association of Community Newspapers Publishers of Nigeria. Educational career
Ogiemwonyi received his WASSCE certificate in 1969. In 1974 he became a B.Sc. holder in applied physics. His post-graduate diploma in petroleum engineering was received in 1976. He became a Doctor of Engineering Ph.D. (Honoris Causa) and a Doctor of Science Ph.D. (Honoris Causa) in 2008. Professional career

Petroleum Engineer II
<mask> began his career as a petroleum engineer at the Conversation Department in 1975.In February 1977 he was transferred to Shell Petroleum Development Company Warri. This transfer was enriched by a four and half month Advance Petroleum Engineering Programme in Shell's Training Centre in the Hague, Netherlands. Exploration & Exploitation – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
In 1982, <mask> resumed work at the Exploration & Exploitation Division of Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation. He was transferred to the National Reserves Evaluation as a project leader in 1985. While in office as a project leader, <mask> coordinated all efforts in Dallas, USA by establishing a database for the oil and gas industry. In 1988, he was moved back to the Exploration Division of Exploration & Exploitation. He was assigned as head of the Petroleum Engineering Department Company to nurture the newly created Petroleum Engineering Department.Petroleum Engineer – Nigerian Petroleum Development Company
In 1988, <mask> became the project leader (Petroleum Engineer) of the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company in Benin City. The company's main objective was to compete as an indigenous Oil and Gas producing Company. Nigerian Petroleum Development Company was assigned four acreages, including OML – 65, which contained Abura Field. It produced  of oil per day. Ogiemwonyi championed the takeover of the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company and kept an up-to-date reserves position of the company. He became the field project leader in Abuja, as his company held the majority of assets from the then-defunct Tenneco. Ogiemwonyi raised the production level from  of oil per day to over  of oil per day in 1990.In 1992, he served as project leader for the Oredo Field Project. It was a Greenfield project that involved Kelt Energy, UK and IP Construction, Calgary. It involved the construction of an early production facility that made  of oil per day. It was expanded to process  per day at standard conditions. <mask> also served as Oziengbe field Leader. This EPC facility produced  of oil per day at the Oziengbe field. General Manager, Operations – NAPIMS
In 1999, <mask> was promoted to General Manager and was moved to National Petroleum Investments Management Services (NAPIMS) to oversee the Operations Division.He championed several projects as a general manager, including the Local content initiative of the Federal Government. Due to his service, <mask> was appointed as the Group General Manager NAPIMS in 2001. While serving as the Group General Manager NAPIMS, Ogiemwonyi supervised organizations such as the Joint Ventures and the Production Sharing Companies. During his time at NAPIMS, <mask> served as Chairman of the Nigeria OTC Committee between 2003 and 2004. He also supervised several key projects. This included the EA field, Erha field, Bonga field, and Agbami field projects, amongst others. During his term, NAPIMS achieved zero cash call arrears by October 2003.As GGM NAPIMS, joint utilization of assets was encouraged for the oil industry. These assets included offshore swamp rigs. Managing Director – Nigerian Petroleum Development Company
In November 2003, <mask> was reassigned to the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company as managing director. His expertise contributed to the company's production increase from  of oil per day. He served as chairman for the Project Monitoring Committee of Okono/Okpho Development Project, a strategic alliance between Nigerian Petroleum Development Company and Agip Energy Limited. He also served as Chairman for PMC of OMLs 64 and 66 Project, another strategic alliance between the Nigerian Petroleum Development Company and sinopec of China. Managing Director – National Gas Company
Ogiemwonyi was reassigned to National Gas Company Limited (NGC) as managing director in March 2005.He was determined to increase gas supply to major customers such as PHCN, SNG, GSLink, WAPCO, Shagamu, Ewekoro, Notore Fertilizer, and Obajana Cement Company. NGC coordinated  per day gas supply at standard conditions (WAGP – West Africa gas Supply Project) to Benin, Togo, and Ghana. TSGP – Trans-Sahara Gas Project, the  per day gas supply at standard conditions from Nigeria through Algeria to Europe was another project under his supervision as NGC’s managing director. Group Executive Director – Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation
In September 2007, <mask> became the Group Executive Director of the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (Exploration & Production Directorate). While he served as GED Exploration and Production, Ogiemwonyi was in charge of seven Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation companies and subsidiaries. These included National Petroleum Investment Management Services, Nigerian Gas Company, LNG & Power Division, Integrated Data Services Limited, Nigerian Petroleum Development Company Crude Oil, Marketing Division and Local Content Division. President – EETCLTD
As of 2020, <mask> is the President of Energy and Engineering Technology Consulting Group, a position he has occupied since May 2011.President – ESC
Between September 2009 to April 2010, <mask> served as the President for Energy Strategy Centre Abuja, an Energy and Consulting Group. Political career

Minister of State for Works
Under the People's Democratic Party (PDP),
<mask> was appointed Minister of State for Works in April 2010. He occupied the office till May 2011. Governorship Aspirant
In 2014, <mask> defected to the All Progressive Congress (APC). He publicly renounced the People's Democratic Party, emphasizing that he would not take back his renouncement. He was declared as the APC's Governorship Aspirant in 2016. References

1951 births
Nigerian politicians
Living people

masks:
Christopher Aigbovbiosa Omwonyi
Chris Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Chris Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Chris Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi
Ogiemwonyi


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; September 15, 1898 – December 7, 1979) was a Jewish-Ukrainian professional basketball coach and executive. Nicknamed "Mr. Basketball" and "The Mogul", he was the first coach and manager of the Philadelphia Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA), and later became the owner of the team from 1951 to 1962. A native of Kiev, Ukraine, he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a contributor on April 20, 1972. The NBA Rookie of the Year Award, the <mask>ieb Trophy, is named after him. Gottlieb organized, and played for, the South Philadelphia Hebrew Association teams in the 1920s. He was in charge of semipro baseball in Philadelphia, financed and partly owned the Negro league Philadelphia Stars, and made the schedule for the Negro National League. He also helped coordinate the overseas tours of the Harlem Globetrotters.Along with a few other sports promoters, he organized the Basketball Association of America (BAA), the league that later became the NBA. Gottlieb coached the original Philadelphia Warriors, bought the team, and sent it to San Francisco in order to expand the game westward. He headed the NBA rules committee for 25 years and was solely in charge of NBA scheduling for the last three decades of his life. Fellow Hall of Famer Harry Litwack stated: "Gottlieb was about as important to the game of basketball as the basketball". Early life
Gottlieb was involved with sports throughout his life. Born Isadore <mask> in 1898 in Kiev,
he moved with his family to Philadelphia at the turn of the century. By the time he was a young adult he had not only played on but had also coached, owned, and operated neighborhood sports teams.He was, by his own admission, a born promoter and organizer, and changed his name to Edward. In 1917, when he was 19, Gottlieb organized a team of mostly Jewish players representing the Young Men's Hebrew Association, which supplied the team with uniforms for three years. The players later found a new sponsor with the South Philadelphia Hebrew Association, a social club from which the team derived its new identity, the Philadelphia Sphas. The team wore uniforms with the acronym SPHAs sewn across the chest in Hebrew letters. Even after the association stopped providing the uniforms, the team kept the unusual name. Having no home court, the team nicknamed themselves "the Wandering Jews". In the early days of the SPHAs, a game was as much a social event."We played in a lot of dance halls in those early years", Gottlieb told The Associated Press. "It was basketball, then dancing. A very nice Saturday evening for yourself and your date. We used to let the girls in for free, because you couldn't have a dance after the game without the girls. We had no trouble getting the guys to pay for the basketball game when they heard that news." The SPHAs became one of the powerhouses of basketball in the East. The team entered the Philadelphia League and won two consecutive championships, the final two in the league's history.The SPHAs then joined the Eastern League, which went out of business in the same season, forcing the team to book its own games. Gottlieb, an entrepreneur and future schedule maker, had no trouble lining up a series of exhibition games against teams from both New York's Metropolitan League and the American Basketball League, which in 1925–26 began operation as the country's first major professional basketball league. The SPHAs won five of six games against ABL teams in 1925–26, losing only to the league's top club, the Cleveland Rosenblums. The SPHAs then defeated two of the game's best touring squads, the New York Original Celtics and the New York Renaissance Five (Rens), in best-of-three series. In about six weeks, Gottlieb's team had won nine of 11 contests against the most celebrated squads in basketball. For the next two years Gottlieb devoted his energy to the Philadelphia Warriors, a 1926–27 ABL entry. The Warriors, who featured former SPHAs stars Chick Passon and Stretch Meehan, competed in the ABL for two seasons, posting winning records both years.The ABL, its decline hastened by the Great Depression, shut down two seasons later, in 1931. Meanwhile, Gottlieb had rebuilt the SPHAs in 1929 with younger talent, and in 1933 the team joined the ABL, which had reorganized as a smaller, regional circuit after a two-year hiatus. The clubs in this reincarnation of the ABL played in small arenas, armories, and dance halls, much as teams had in the early 1920s. The SPHAs were the premier team, winning championships in three of the league's first four seasons and taking titles in 7 of 15 years. The club stayed together for 31 years, until 1949, when Gottlieb became too involved with the new Basketball Association of America. Gottlieb sold the SPHAs to Red Klotz in 1950. The BAA and the NBA
In the spring of 1946, the United States was celebrating the end of World War II, which had formally ended in September 1945.Peace brought the population leisure time and money for entertainment, and basketball was ripe for a move to the big time. College basketball had grown immensely in popularity during the previous 10 years, and there was no professional basketball circuit (as hockey had with the National Hockey League). The National Basketball League was operating primarily in the Midwest, and did not attract the attention of other cities where basketball was popular, such as New York, Philadelphia, and Boston—which, for nearly half a century, had been the hotbeds of barnstorming teams and fly-by-night leagues. The owners or operators of major arenas in some of the country's biggest cities were looking for events to help fill their schedules. They met in New York City in 1946 and created the 11-team Basketball Association of America. The league was fashioned after the National Hockey League, with a 60-game schedule followed by championship playoffs. Of the original 11 teams, only three still survive in the present-day NBA: the Boston Celtics, the New York Knickerbockers, and the Philadelphia (now Golden State) Warriors.Gottlieb was the coach and general manager of the Philadelphia Warriors. Besides coaching, he made sure the team stayed afloat during the rocky days of the BAA and the NBA. "He promoted the team on street corners and he sold tickets and then he counted the cold house", Mike Lupica wrote after Gottlieb's death. Gottlieb coached the Warriors for a total of nine seasons, compiling a 263-318 regular-season career record and going 15-17 in the playoffs. The Warriors finished at .500 or better in four of their first six campaigns, but in Gottlieb's last three seasons they compiled losing records and failed to make the playoffs. During his coaching years, from 1946/47 to 1954/55, his teams included such early NBA standouts as Paul Arizin and Neil Johnston. Gottlieb won his lone championship with the Warriors in the first term of the BAA, 1946–47.Behind "Jumping Joe" Fulks, who led the league with 23.2 points per game, the Warriors logged a 35-25 regular-season record, second to the Washington Capitols in the Eastern Division. In the playoffs the Warriors defeated New York, the St. Louis Bombers, and the Chicago Stags for the title. Gottlieb and rivaling Stags coach Harold Olsen would be the first rookie coaches to compete in the championship match-ups, with such a feat not happening again until the 2015 NBA Finals with Steve Kerr of the Warriors (now in Golden State) and David Blatt of the Cleveland Cavaliers both competing for their first championships in their rookie coaching seasons in the NBA. In the league's second season the BAA lost four teams and picked up another one. The Warriors edged the Knicks by a single game in the regular season and then lost in six in the BAA Finals to the league's newest entrant, the Baltimore Bullets. For the 1949/50 season, the BAA merged with the NBL to form the NBA, a marriage in which Gottlieb was influential. "When anyone inside the league or outside had a question, they went to Gotty", said Leonard Koppett, who covered the NBA for the New York Post and The New York Times.For the next three seasons the Warriors lost in the first round of the playoffs without winning a game. <mask>, who was instrumental in helping original Warriors owner Peter A. Tyrrell launch the franchise, bought the club in 1952 for $25,000. He also had a major role in shaping the league's rules, serving as chairman of the rules committee for 25 years. He was there when Syracuse Nationals owner Danny Biasone came up with the idea of a 24-second shot clock in 1954, and he helped to implement a rule that gave a bonus free throw after six team fouls in a quarter. The new rules supplied the framework for a more fast-paced and exciting game and were pivotal in the continued existence and eventual success of the NBA. "I probably was responsible for more rule changes in pro basketball than any other man", Gottlieb told the Associated Press late in his life. "They call me in now because I’m the only one left who can connect things to the past, who knows why this rule was put in or why that one was thrown out."<mask> was behind the NBA's "territorial draft" rule, which gave teams the right to claim a local college or high school player in exchange for giving up their first-round draft pick. The rule was particularly advantageous for Philadelphia, which landed Overbrook High School's Wilt Chamberlain in 1959 after his stints with the University of Kansas and the Harlem Globetrotters. Chamberlain furthered the franchise's success. An immediate drawing card, he led the NBA in scoring and rebounding as a rookie and helped the Warriors to a 49-26 record and a trip to the division semifinals. With the Warriors for five full seasons (he was traded during his sixth season), Chamberlain took the team to the playoffs four times. In 1961/62 Philadelphia fell to Boston in seven games in the Eastern Division Finals. Before the 1962/63 season the Warriors moved west.<mask>, who had purchased the franchise 10 years earlier, sold it for a $600,000 profit to a credit card company, which kept 33.3 percent of the ownership while Franklin Mieuli put together a group of almost 40 Bay Area investors to purchase the remainder of the team. The move to San Francisco followed the Minneapolis Lakers' migration to Los Angeles two seasons earlier, and helped open the west to professional basketball. Gottlieb remained involved with the team in San Francisco before "retiring" in 1964. However, he retained his leadership position with the NBA. His role was crucial: the job of planning the league schedule had become solely his. "They joked that <mask> carried the NBA around in his briefcase", Lupica wrote. In any July or August, a visit to Gottlieb's office would find him in front of stacks of paper, a yellow legal pad, and graph paper."Gottlieb's skin would be the color of the yellow paper, and his eyes would look like black holes", Lupica wrote. "But he was making a season, as always." Gottlieb was the force behind the NBA schedule until shortly before his death. As other leagues began to use computers to build neutral schedules, the NBA continued to rely on Gottlieb and trust his human intuition. For 1978/79, the season prior to his death, he reluctantly gave up his duties to a software program. A lifelong bachelor, Gottlieb remained employed by the NBA until his death in December 1979, traveling from Philadelphia to New York a few times a week as a coordinator and consultant. "<mask>b was one of the real pioneers of professional round ball", Red Smith wrote in The New York Times.Wrote Lupica, "<mask>b loved basketball. Maybe no one ever loved basketball quite the way he did." His story is featured in The First Basket, a documentary on the history of Jews and Basketball. References

Further reading

External links

 BasketballReference.com: Edward Gottlieb

1898 births
1979 deaths
Sportspeople from Kyiv
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
Jewish American sportspeople
Ukrainian men's basketball coaches
Ukrainian Jews
Golden State Warriors owners
Philadelphia Sphas
Philadelphia Warriors head coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Philadelphia

National Basketball Association championship-winning head coaches
20th-century American Jews

masks:
Edward Gottlieb
Isadore Gottlieb
Eddie Gottl
Gottlieb
Gottlieb
Gottlieb
Gottlieb
Eddie Gottlieb
Eddie Gottlie
Eddie Gottlie


texts:
<mask> (born December 20, 1955 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is the Executive President of the Fédération française de la couture. He is also a professor at ESCP Business School, a member of Académie des Technologies (The National Academy of Technologies of France), a member of the Commission d'évaluation des formations et diplômes de gestation (The Commission for the Evaluation of Management Training and Degrees) and, a member of the Conseil national éducation-économie, an organization established by the French National Education Ministry to foster greater cooperation between business and higher education. Early life
Morand was born to a father, <mask>, a statistical engineer, and a mother Françoise Grappin (aka Françoise Beucler). Morand graduated from HEC business school in 1978 and received an advanced degree in Organization Sciences from the University of Paris Dauphine in 1979. Morand earned his PhD in economics from the University of Rouen in 1988; his thesis explored "limited rationality and market economy" under the mentorship of French economist Christian de Boissieu. Career
Morand has focused his career teaching at the university level and fostering educational, professional and industrial ties between fashion and business. He began in education as a teaching assistant, then professor, of economics at the École supérieure de commerce de Rouen, Neoma, from 1978 to 1985.He was also a lecturer and teacher at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne as well as at the HEC Business School from 1981 to 1987. In 1981, Morand was a visiting scholar at the Northwestern University in Chicago. From 1985 to 1987, he ran the post graduate degrees and international programs at ESCP Europe. Morand was the Director of the Institut Français de la Mode (IFM) from 1987 to 2006, and then Dean of ESCP Business School from 2006 to 2012. He was the Deputy Director General of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Paris Region from 2013 to 2015 in charge of studies, public affairs and policy. Morand has been a member of the Board and then Director of the Centre textile de conjoncture et d’observation économique (CTCOE), a fashion and textile economic observatory, from 1992 to 1998, the year this institution merged with the Institut Français de la Mode; a member of the Board of the Union Française des Arts du Costume (UFAC) from 1992 à 2006; a member of the Board of the École nationale supérieure de création industrielle (ENSCI-Les Ateliers) from 2006 to 2011. Morand co-founded the Institute for innovation and competitiveness (i7) in 2009.In addition, he was president of the strategic advisory board of the Docks-Cité de la mode et du design from 2012 to 2014. Morand expresses his own passion for creativity, fashion, design and innovation through writing and has penned numerous pieces on these subjects in addition to exploring the relationship between the business and culture. In particular, he published two books, one of which discussed the European economic and monetary union as a victory for Lutheranism and the other which explored the relationship between luxury and religions.<div>In his free time, Morand is a musician, singer-songwriter and interpreter. Public service
Morand has been active in the public sector and between 2000 and 2006, he led various French and European missions, notably for Christian Pierret, the Minister of Industry, and his successor Nicole Fontaine. One project led to the creation of the Cité de la mode et du design in Paris, located in Quai d'Austerlitz, in Paris. He also examined the consequences of the abolition of the multi-fiber agreements and the entry of China in the World Trade Organization on the fashion and textile industries. Morand also led a Euro-mediterranean mission about the strategic repositioning of the Moroccan textile and apparel industry (2002-2003) in addition to completing several studies for the Moroccan government regarding tariff reform and the establishment of a design school (2003-2005)

Christine Lagarde, France's Economic Minister at the time, endorsed Morand with several missions about globalization innovation and the way to promote it and the impact of accounting standards on the economic crisis.Publications
 L’avenir d’une métaphore, (in collaboration with Alain Masson), Lectures, 1983. Le capitalisme hollywoodien et les mogols in Hollywood 1927-1941, la propagande par les rêves ou le triomphe du modèle américain (collective work under the direction of Alain Masson), Editions Autrement, Série Mémoires n°9, septembre 1991. Les stratégies d’implantation des groupes japonais dans la filière textile européenne, in collaboration with Thierry Noblot, Institut français de la mode, 1991. La transition vers la monnaie unique : les leçons de l’expérience européenne (collective work), ESCP & Université Argentine de l’Entreprise, 1996. Monnaie et Industrie  in Repères Mode & Textile (collective work under the direction of Bruno Remaury), éditions IFM-, 1996. La victoire de Luther; essai sur l'Union économique et monétaire, Editions of the House of Human Sciences/Vivarium, 2001. Mondialisation et Régionalisation : le cas des industries du textile et de l’habillement (in collaboration with Michel Fouquin), Working document of the CEPII Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales, no 2002–08, septembre 2002.La moda di Milano vista da Parigi in Moda a Milano, Stile e impresa nella città che cambia (collective work under the direction of Ampelio Bucci), Abitare Segesta Cataloghi, 2002. L’Argentine : du désastre au renouveau in Pour comprendre la crise argentine (collective work under the direction of Denis Rolland and Joëlle Chassin), Editions L’Harmattan, collection Horizons Amérique Latine, 2003. Les marchés du luxe après le 11 septembre in Repères Mode 2003 (collective work under the direction of Bruno Remaury), (Editions IFM-Regard Institut français de la mode, 2003). Quand la distribution impose ses règles, Sociétal, juillet 2004. Luxe, religions, cultures in Le luxe, essai sur la fabrique de l’ostentation (collective work under the direction of Olivier Assouly), IFM/Editions du Regard, 2004, réédition en 2012. La mondialisation et ses langages in Changement Social, n°9, L’Harmattan, 2006. Mondialisation : changeons de posture, La Documentation Française, 2007.Religion et consommation ostentatoire, Sociétal, juillet 2007. Pour une nouvelle vision de l’innovation (in collaboration with Delphine Manceau), La Documentation Française, 2009. Normes comptables et crise financière (in collaboration with Didier Marteau), La Documentation Française, 2010. Responsibility of Business Schools to train Leaders sensitive to Global Sustainability in Global Sustainability and the Responsibilities of Universities (collective work under the direction of Luc Weber and James Duderstadt), Economica, Glion Colloquium series n.7, 2012. Les religions et le luxe : l’éthique de la richesse d’Orient en Occident, Editions IFM - Editions du Regard, 2012. Le soft power culturel à l'heure de l'immatérialisme, Mode de recherche, no 19, Institut français de la mode, 2013. L'économie de la mode (in collaboration with Dominique Jacomet), Réalités industrielles, Les Annales des Mines, 2013.A few arguments in favor of a holistic approach to innovation in economics and management (in collaboration with Delphine Manceau), Journal of Innovation Economics and Management, 2014. L'impression 3D: porte d'entrée dans l'industrie du XXIème siècle (in collaboration with Joël Rosenberg et Dominique Turcq), CCI Paris Ile-de-France/Conseil général de l'armement, 2015. Awards and honors
  Chevalier in the French Legion of Honour (France)
  Chevalier in the Order of Merit (France)
  Chevalier in the Order of Arts and Letters (France)
  Commander in the order of the Ouissam Alaouite (Morocco)
 Montgolfier Prize of the Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale

Notes and references

1955 births
University of Paris alumni
University of Rouen alumni
Living people

masks:
Pascal Morand
Joseph Morand


texts:
<mask>. "Nob" <mask> (born September 10, 1958) is noted as a flying disc sports player/administrator and member of the Ultimate Hall of Fame. Flying disc sport accomplishments
Nob is credited with restructuring USA Ultimate (formerly known as the Ultimate Players Association) and the World Flying Disc Federation ("WFDF") into professionally run organizations capable of serving as the sports governing bodies for Ultimate in the US and flying disc sports globally, respectively, while serving as head of each in the late 1980s and early 1990s and starting again in the mid-2000s. In the first comprehensive history book on the sport of Ultimate, "Ultimate:  The First Four Decades" published in 2005, co-author <mask> states that Nob found "...ways to increase the sport's profile and hold the UPA accountable for Ultimate's future growth and direction. Nob streamlined the players association and provided the blueprint for a successful UPA..." (p. 72). The Ultimate Hall of Fame web site notes that he "spearheaded the reorganization of the Ultimate Players Association (UPA) into a professionally managed sports governing body" and that during "this period of exceptional leadership of the administration of the sport, he also won six UPA Club Championships and five World Championships". In May 2013, under Nob's leadership as President, WFDF was granted provisional recognition by the International Olympic Committee and it was granted permanent recognition in August 2015. It is now one of 42 sports that are members of the Association of IOC Recognised International Sports Federations.Notable flying disc administrative positions:

1976–1980     Founding member and president of Williams Ultimate Frisbee Organization (WUFO);
1988–1990     Executive Director, Ultimate Players Association;
1988–1991     Chair-Ultimate Committee, World Flying Disc Federation;
1991–1992     Chairman-Executive Committee of Board, Ultimate Players Association;
1992–1994     President, World Flying Disc Federation;
1995–2005     President Emeritus, Consultant, World Flying Disc Federation;
1992–1997     Board member, World Flying Disc Federation;
2006–2008     Board Executive Committee member and Treasurer, World Flying Disc Federation;
2009–2010     Board member, World Flying Disc Federation;
2011–present  Investment Committee member, USA Ultimate; and
2011–present  President, World Flying Disc Federation

In the 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> won six US National Championships and five World Championships in the sport of Ultimate, with teams including the Rude Boys, Windy City, and New York. <mask> was inducted into the Ultimate Hall of Fame in 2006, one of only 105 members as of December 2020. Financial career
<mask><mask> is a managing director at Stifel, where he focuses on the full spectrum of debt advisory across the emerging markets, from corporate and sovereign debt capital markets to liability management and debt restructuring. Before joining Stifel in March 2021, he was a senior partner and Portfolio Manager at Gramercy Funds Management LLC. Gramercy is an investment management firm with US$ 5 billion of funds under management (as of December 2019) specializing in global emerging markets. At Gramercy he oversaw investment activities and the corporate investment and restructuring group of Gramercy, and was a portfolio manager for Gramercy's distressed, high yield, and corporate funds. He was involved as a leading creditor or advisor in the restructuring of $79 billion of corporate debt across 48 emerging markets companies in Asia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America including Accel, Alestra, Asia Pulp and Paper, Berlian Laju Tanker, BTA Bank, Consolidated Minerals, Digicel, Dina, DTEK, Durango, Essar Steel, Far East Shipping Company, Industrias Unidas, Iusacell, Mechala, Medefin, New World Resources, Odebrecht, Pacific Exploration & Production, San Luis, Satmex, SIDEK, Synkro, Tonon Bioenergia, Transtel, Tristan Oil, and Ukrlandfarming.He served on the board of Satélites Mexicanos, SA de CV, the largest Mexican fixed satellite services provider, in 2006–2008, the board of TSX-listed Banro corporation, a Congolese gold miner, in 2017-2019, and the board of Credivalores, a Colombian consumer finance company, from 2014-2020. Prior to joining Gramercy in January 2001, <mask> worked as a consultant to hedge funds managed by Van Eck Global and Farallon Capital Management, specializing in the analysis of emerging markets special situations. From 1994–1999, he was President of The Weston Group, where he was responsible for overseeing the firm's securities research and corporate debt restructuring advisory business in Latin America. In the early 1990s, <mask> worked as a Vice President with Lehman Brothers and CSFB in their Emerging Market Debt (fixed income) trading groups. In the second half of the 1980s, he was a Vice President and trader with First Interstate Bank's syndicated loan group, where he was responsible for structuring and syndicating loan facilities to highly leveraged American and Asian corporations. In 1980, he began his career with Swiss Bank Corporation in several credit and corporate finance roles. Personal life
<mask> was born September 10, 1958 in Torrington, Connecticut.He is married with three adult children and lives in Chappaqua, NY. Education and affiliations
Masters of Management degree in Finance and International Business from Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University in 1984;  Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Economy from Williams College in 1980. References and sources

 "Ultimate:  The First Four Decades," co-authored <mask> and Adam Zagoria, publ. by Ultimate History, Inc., 2005, , pages 38, 47, 62, 71-72, 74-76, 80, 84, 92, 109-110, 144, 159-162. Rosters of US national Ultimate championship teams
 Listing of special accomplishments of individual Ultimate players
 Summary Description of Accomplishments on Ultimate Hall of Fame Web Site
 Flying Disc Biography on WFDF web site
 "They Fly Through the Air with the Greatest of Ease," by Jon Bowermaster, Sports Illustrated, May 8, 1989, pages 6–9. Why the Frisbee Won't Fly At the Games in Athens, by Barry Newman, The Wall Street Journal, August 17, 2004; Page A16
 Gramercy Advisors LLC website

External links
 http://www.usaultimate.org
 http://www.wfdf.sport
 http://www.ultimatehistory.com

Williams College alumni
Kellogg School of Management alumni
1958 births
Living people
American sports executives and administrators
People from Torrington, Connecticut
People from Chappaqua, New York
Ultimate (sport) players

masks:
Robert L
Rauch
Tony Leonardo
Rauch
Rauch
Robert L
. Rauch
Rauch
Rauch
Rauch
Tony Leonardo