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<mask> (February 7, 1938 – October 3, 2012) was a private investigator and electronics expert, who was known for several controversial investigations. He was most notable for his conflict with District Attorney Jim Garrison and his work as investigator for automobile industry executive John DeLorean and U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark. Early life
<mask> grew up in New Orleans living as an only child with his mother. He graduated from East Jefferson High School in 1956, spent a brief period studying engineering at Northrop Aeronautical Institute of Technology, the University of Southern California and tried motion picture directing classes at the Pasadena Playhouse. He met his former wife, Marlene Mancuso, Miss New Orleans 1958, at the Louisiana State University. Career
In 1960, <mask> bought a dragstrip in Hammond, Louisiana, together with associate Ranny Ehlinger. Later he produced auto shows in New Orleans, Baton Rouge and Atlanta.Bay of Pigs weapons
In February 1961 <mask> was part of a group of people which stole weapons from a munitions bunker in Houma, Louisiana, which was owned by the  Schlumberger Company. <mask> claimed the theft had been planned by Guy Banister and David Ferrie, who at the time were actively involved in the anti-communist/anti-Castro groups. According to a report in the New Orleans States-Item newspaper Banister served as a munitions supplier for the 1961 Bay of Pigs Invasion and continued to deal weapons from his office until 1963. Gus Russo has written about the existence of a letter of marque, signed by Robert F. Kennedy, who was U.S. Attorney General at the time, which supposedly gave Banister the go-ahead to "liberate" the weaponry although the letter has never been proved to have existed. <mask> claimed to have received a key to the bunker from Banister. The stolen munitions were allegedly stored at Banister's office in Camp Street, New Orleans and at Ferrie's house. <mask> claimed that the act was not illegal but had been arranged by the CIA as part of Operation Mongoose.While taking a lie detector test, <mask> stated that the burglary was not a burglary at all, but a war materials pickup made at the direction of his CIA contact. 1964 New York World's Fair
In the early 60's, <mask> served as Director of Operations for the 'Bourbon Street Pavilion' at the 1964 New York World's Fair. The pavilion reportedly achieved the highest gross income of any single commercial pavilion at the fair. For this work, <mask> was called an "Entrepreneurial Prodigy & Boy Wonder"" in Variety. From the beginning of the fair's build-up in 1963 he handled publicity at the pavilion, using the name "G. <mask>" he gave several interviews to the press. Variety magazine recognized him as being the major entertainment buyer, in charge of the pavilion's entertainment policies and originally active in obtaining backing for the venture. Owner and founder of 'Mardi Gras World', Blaine Kern, worked with <mask> at both the 1964 World's Fair and the 1984 Louisiana World Exposition.New Orleans business
After the world fair closed, <mask> moved back to New Orleans, where he set up a business focused on electronic eavesdropping. Through his company, 'International Dynamics Corp', he manufactured and installed electronics for politicians, businessmen and diplomats. He also bought/leased a Caribbean-style restaurant/club called 'Jamaican Village Inn', which was located at 800 North Rampart Street. While <mask> was in Ohio, resisting Garrison's attempt to get him extradited, two waitresses of the club were arrested and charged with violating obscenity law, for topless table-serving. The club was ordered to be padlock closed for one year by the district attorney's office. This order was withdrawn after the club owner Edward Centa agreed to end the topless attire, while the lease to <mask> was ruled invalid. Conflict with Garrison

Work at Garrison's office
Without Garrison's knowledge, <mask> was directed by Walter Sheridan (Federal investigator, NBC News reporter and associate of the Kennedy family) to seek work as an operative inside Garrison's office.Willard E. Robertson (a petitioner and businessman with political connections and ally of Jim Garrison and Louisiana Governor John McKeithen, who was alleged to have lent financial support to Garrison's investigation of Clay Shaw through an organization known as "Truth or Consequences") recommended <mask> as a "electronics expert" to District Attorney Jim Garrison. He was assigned to "debug" Garrison's offices at the corner of Tulane Avenue & S Broad Street in New Orleans. Years later, during the time an appeal in the Waco trial reached its end, a secret FBI report was released which stated that <mask> worked with Garrison in attempts to fake photographic evidence to link Fidel Castro with the assassination. However, according to the final report issued by the Assassination Records Review Board, <mask> came to the attention of Garrison after allegedly making claims that he was an employee of the CIA in 1963 and knew both Lee Harvey Oswald and Jack Ruby. Journalist Dick J. Reavis has stated that <mask>'s work at Garrison's office was "amply documented" and quoted <mask> saying: "I was working as Garrison's chief of security, while at the same time working for the White House to destabilize Garrison's operation." Shaw Hearing Witness Subpoena
During Clay Shaw's preliminary hearing, <mask> was twice subpoenaed to appear before the Orleans Parish Grand Jury. The second time <mask> did not show up, while he had left the state.In order to get <mask> extradited, Garrison's office issued two warrants for <mask>'s arrest. The first arrest warrant was based on him being a material witness in the Clay Shaw investigation, which historically labeled him as "the missing witness" in Garrison's assassination conspiracy theory. The second arrest warrant was based on a new accusation; Garrison accused <mask> of having "burglarized" the munitions bunker in Houma. During the same time-frame, on 25 May 1967, the New Orleans States-Item published a detailed article on the Clay Shaw case. In that article the New Orleans States-Item produced a handwritten letter, that experts identified as <mask>'s handwriting, which referred to a CIA connection to his advertising agency. Until then <mask> had publicly denied any CIA connections. After the letter was revealed, <mask>'s attorney, Steve Plotkin, said that <mask> wrote the letter and that <mask> had CIA connections in New Orleans.While holding off his extradition, <mask> organized a news conference in Columbus, Ohio, where he publicly defended himself against Garrison's accusation of burglary. During the conference, reporters were told that; there were CIA operations in New Orleans, an advertising agency in New Orleans (which was operated by <mask>) did indeed serve as a CIA front, that the raid on the Houma munitions bunker was a "patriotic act". Later on, Plotkin further specified <mask>'s role as an "intermediary", but added that <mask>'s work had "little or nothing to do with the Bay of Pigs invasion and certainly had absolutely nothing to do with the assassination of President Kennedy". The extradition proceedings were eventually dropped on 3 July 1967, due to defects/incomplete extradition papers. <mask> vs Garrison-Playboy Libel Suit
In an October 1967 interview for Playboy Magazine, Garrison accused <mask> of being a paid employee of the CIA and hinted at complicity in the JFK assassination. Subsequently, <mask> filed a $10-million libel suit against Garrison and Playboy in Federal Court, being represented by Elmer Gertz, who was an expert in reputation damage and smear campaigns. In his book "To Life" Gertz stated that <mask>'s deposition ran into "hundreds, if not thousands, of pages".Eventually, the case did not come to trial but was instead dismissed by Judge William J. Campbell after the defendants moved for a reconsideration of their motions. J. Edgar Hoover allegations
In an episode of the PBS program Frontline aired on February 9, 1993, <mask> said he saw photos of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover engaged in oral sex with his aide Clyde Tolson. The episode incorporated the work of author Anthony Summers whose book Official and Confidential: The Secret Life of J. Edgar Hoover alleged that <mask> said he was shown the photo by CIA counterintelligence chief James Jesus Angleton. Watergate
In 1974, columnist Jack Anderson wrote that Charles Colson consulted <mask> on the possible use of a  degaussing device that could erase copies of the Watergate tapes stored in at the White House and the CIA from a distance. Eventually, Colson and <mask> mutually decided not to do this, because of its danger to other national security tapes and computers. According to Colson, the plan never came close to development. New Orleans firebomb case
Jim Garrison's successor to the seat of district attorney Harry Connick Sr. brought charges against <mask> for conspiracy to firebomb part of New Orleans by balloons on behalf of a world's fair <mask> was promoting.After three previous prosecutions, that included a hung jury, a mistrial and a conviction with three-year sentence, the conviction was overturned due to "tremendous conflicts" in government testimony. Columnist Jack Anderson reported that "Eminent legal scholars say a fourth prosecution in a non-capital case is virtually unprecedented, and raises the issue of retaliatory prosecution". Connick denied there was intention to "persecute" <mask>. DeLorean
<mask> worked as private investigator to the DeLorean Motor Company chairman John DeLorean in 1982, and subsequently became a business partner. DeLorean claimed there was a conspiracy between Britain's Conservative Party and U.S. and British intelligence agents to close DeLorean's manufacturing plant in Northern Ireland. DeLorean's claims relied on <mask>'s investigation and resulting evidence. The alleged conspiracy included an attempt to frame/entrap DeLorean for cocaine trafficking, against which DeLorean eventually successfully defended himself in the resulting lawsuit.Part of the defense was an audiotape, which was made public by Hustler magazine publisher Larry Flynt, which revealed DeLorean was the victim of a sting operation. When Flynt refused to name <mask> as the supplier of the tape, he was charged and convicted to a 5½ month sentence for contempt of court. Waco
Novel was hired as chief investigator by former U.S. Attorney General Ramsey Clark, in the aftermath of the Waco Siege of 1993. Ramsey Clark provided legal counsel for some of the surviving members of Branch Davidian, as well as more than a hundred family members of those who had died or were injured in the confrontation. <mask> has stated that his analysis of a FLIR tape, made by a Nightstalker aircraft, indicates serious misconduct, e.g. federal agents firing upon people inside the compound while they were trying to flee the fire. Former CIA Director William Colby collaborated with <mask> on the investigation  of misconduct on the higher levels of command including the FBI.<mask> originated allegations that U.S. Federal agents were guilty of murdering David Koresh's followers during the Waco siege. Celebrity advice
As a private investigator, <mask> gave strategic advice to various celebrities, among which were Michael Jackson and Jean-Claude Van Damme. References

External links
 Research by Jerry Pippin Show
 Interview by George Knapp
 Interview by Project Camelot

1938 births
2012 deaths
American UFO writers
Ufologists
Louisiana State University alumni
Writers from New Orleans
Northrop University alumni
University of Southern California alumni

masks:
Gordon Michael Dwayne Novel
Novel
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Michael Novel
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type: original

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<mask> (Greek: Θεόφιλος Καΐρης; baptismal name Θωμᾶς Thomas; 19 October 1784 – 13 January 1853) was a Greek priest, philosopher and revolutionary. He was born in Andros, Cyclades, Ottoman Greece, as a son of a distinguished family. Education

<mask> studied in the theological school of Smyrna and was ordained a Greek Orthodox priest. He spoke many languages ranging from Ancient Greek, Latin, Italian, French, German, and English, that would allow him to participate in organizing the Greek War of Independence and to one day build the "Orphanotropheio" (Ὀρφανοτροφεῖο; Greek for "Orphanage"), a progressive school that embraced the modern university system. <mask> studied with Benjamin of Lesbos at the school of Kydonies, Asia Minor, and was introduced to contemporary science and Greek interpretations of natural science. <mask> studied in Pisa and Paris, and shared to the ideas of the Age of Enlightenment. He studied mathematics, natural sciences and philosophy.<mask> also had an interest in archaeology, making some major findings upon his native island of Andros. He also had an interest in botany and cataloged many of the plants of his local area, as well as documenting pharmacologic properties of various plants. Revolutionary activities

Starting from 1811 he led Greek language high schools in Asia Minor. Eventually, he took an active part (1819–1826) in the Greek War of Independence and is now considered as an important figure in the History of Modern Greece. On 10 May 1821 <mask> <mask>, one of the leading intellectuals of the Greek Revolution, declared the War of Independence by raising the Greek flag at the picturesque cliffside church of St George on the island of Andros: at this time, a  famous heartfelt speech, or "Rhetoras", inspired shipowners and merchants to contribute funds and contribute ships to build a Greek Navy to combat the Ottoman Empire. There are many factors that influence the beginning of the Greek War of Independence. Furthermore, philosophy and science from Western Europe began to penetrate the culture of Greece at the same time of the establishment of the Philiki Etairia, which was composed of intellectuals and merchants.The views of the Age of Enlightenment in European countries are in general well researched, while the attempts to introduce the Enlightenment to countries in the periphery of Europe, such as Greece, is not documented to the same degree. Many unanswered questions remain from this historical period, and surround the philosophic work of Theophilos <mask>. How did the scientific revolution migrate to the Greek-speaking regions occupied by the Ottoman Empire? How did the Greeks accept the truly revolutionary ideas of the French Revolution and liberalism? What were the reactions of the conservative Greek Orthodox Church and who sacrificed their lives in the cause of their ideas? Many of the orphans from the Greek War of Independence, especially from the massacre from the island of Psara would form the body of the Orphanotropheio, in which Kairis taught many of the ideas learned from Philhellenes from all over Europe. Hence, this was the first true European university of Greece.Though he was an ordained priest, <mask> fought in the War of Independence and was severely wounded in one battle. Towards the end of the war, he was selected to draft the verbiage for Greece's Constitution. But when the European Great powers of the time installed Otto von Wittelsbach as a kind of Viceroy of the Powers he was not ready to integrate himself into the new system. King Otto offered him the position of Director of the University of Athens and awarded him the Gold Cross (equivalent to the Medal of Honor) for his contribution to the war, but <mask> turned both of these down. Instead, he continued to teach radical ideas of the Enlightenment which brought him into conflict with the King and with the Eastern Orthodox Church. Kairis became a victim of the Eastern Orthodox Church's equivalent of the Holy Inquisition. Kairis suffered a tragic end reserved by fate for those who, being pioneers, tried to introduce to Greece the liberal ideas of Western Europe and the Enlightenment.The philosopher priest, <mask> <mask>, following his conviction by the Holy Synod in 1839, was confined to the monastery in political exile on the island of Skiathos. He had been located to Syros for trial but died in 1853, 10 days before his judicial hearing, of natural causes. Orphanotropheio of Theophilos <mask>

<mask>, along with a few disciples, founded a pietistic revivalist movement known as Theosebism, inspired by the French revolutionary cults, radical Protestantism and deism. This movement was anathematised by the Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Beginning with 1826,  <mask> dedicated himself to an institute for orphans of the Greek revolution on Andros. The "Orphantropheio", or orphan school, presented Kairis with the opportunity to introduce to the Greek education system a wide range of subjects ranging from comparative religion, astronomy, ship navigation, agriculture, applied mathematics, accounting, natural science, advanced mathematics, and Theosebism. Members of the Orphanotripheio represented children from all sides of the Balkan conflict, with individuals from Bulgaria, Muslim Turks displaced by the Revolution, and Catholics who had inhabited the Greek island since the Middle Ages.In fact, Kairis had a very different vision for an independent Greece, one that was based upon the concept of separation of church and state as proposed by Thomas Jefferson. Kairis advocated for a pan-Balkan state similar to the United States, that preserved the cosmopolitan nature of the post-Byzantine Empire era, where all creeds were equally free of tyranny from the oppressive Ottomans. This was the prelude of the so-called Eastern Question, the gradual dismemberment of the decaying Ottoman Empire by the Great powers. The Kairis Library

The library is housed in a wonderful neoclassical building, in Hora (or Andros Town) and contains about 3,000 tomes from the collection of Theophilos <mask>. In the library are also exposed a large number of rare publications, manuscripts, historical records, works of art and a small archaeological collection. Within the records, extensive letters demonstrating a network of intellectuals would update Kairis about the trends in European science and philosophy. Also the mathematical treatises of Kairis are present, representing a very active and original intellect, who had written on complex themes, including on mathematical extensions of Pierre-Simon Laplace's Celestial Mechanics.Artifacts that demonstrate Kairis philosophic approach to understanding the energies (energiki ousia phiseos) of nature remain in the library, and highlight Kairis knowledge of Joseph Fourier's work on energy. Through various letters and correspondence, Kairis's approach to communicating with the various philhellenes demonstrates a network of intellectuals that were involved with the French revolution. Kairis has been referred to as the "new Socrates" and was very active in didactic education. The island of Andros has a series of water fountains, and horizontal windmills constructed at the time the students from the orphanotropio were active on the Island, and represent applications from the Kairiki lessons. One can find books by Professor Mavromatis in the library, who edited Kairis's mathematical work, focusing on how Kairis use the Newtonian binomial to find the roots of cardinal numbers. Kairis was in constant communication with western intellectuals from Andros, and had communicated with Auguste Comte, and wrote on his treatises on sociology, then a newly emerging subject. Kairis has also incorporated these ideas into the curriculum of the orphanotropheio.Comte's ideas were tremendously influential on <mask> in the later years of the orphanotropheio, especially the idea that social ills can be solved as advocated by Jeremy Bentham. <mask> spoke many languages and was interested in teaching philosophy from the ancient Greeks, translating the great poetry and theatre from antiquity, as well as the philosophic treatises of Aristotle and Plato. Furthermore, lessons on the progressive subject of comparative religion was to be invaluable for the would-be ship captains and merchants embarked on international trade. Kairis would teach theosphitism, but in the context of world religions, ranging from Buddhism, many describing the philosophical thought of Kairis similar in vein as with the Transcendentalism of Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Kiaris emphasised poetry as part of the curriculum and taught Lord Byron's work, Robert Browning as well as poetry from the French and German speaking west. This was to create a naturalist and metaphysical aptitude balanced with the natural sciences and mathematics. Unfortunately, the school was disbanded after <mask> was declared a heretic, but many of the orphanotropio would go on into the shipping professions, and were also versed in accounting and probability.Of notable family names who can trace back ancestors who were schooled by <mask> were the Goulandris and Emberikos families. Other students hid in the surrounding mountains, taking with them the banned books from the school, and continued to live with the inhabitants of the island working and building some of the most interesting windmills in Greece. Indeed, <mask> had also taught his students the early field of Archeology, and conducted field trips on the island to the place he had discovered the ruins of a temple dedicated to Aphrodite prior to the Greek revolution. To this day, every summer, art exhibitions are organized in the new exhibition area of the library. References

 Peter Z. Mantarakis, Tears of the People: The Tragic Life of a Great Revolutionary,  Diavlos Publications, 2009. <mask> <mask>, Gnostike, Stoicheia Philosophias, ed. with intr.and appendices by Niketas Siniossoglou, Andros and Athens, Kairis Library, 2008. George Gannaris, <mask> <mask>: The Tragic Fate of an Intellectual. E. Theodossiou, Th. Grammenos, V.N. Manimanis, <mask> <mask>: the creator and initiator of Theosebism in Greece. Demetrios Paschales, <mask> <mask>, Athens 1928. Dimitri Polemis, Biography of <mask> <mask>.Maximine Portaz, Essai critique sur Théophile Kaïris, Thése de Doctorat ès Lettres, Lyon, 1935. <mask> <mask>, (symposium documents), Athens, 1988. The astronomy of the K., Thessaloniki 1989
 Kosta Mauvromati, edited by, The Finite Algebra of <mask> <mask> (written prior 1818),  volumes one and two. Kosta Mauvromati, edited by, The astronomical treatise of <mask> <mask>. Kairis Library Website: http://www.kaireios.gr
 https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044124/http://www.eie.gr/institutes/ine/programmes/programme06/publications/programme06-pub-en.pdf

1784 births
1853 deaths
People from Andros
Greek Eastern Orthodox priests
19th-century Eastern Orthodox priests
Greek revolutionaries
19th-century Greek philosophers
Greek people of the Greek War of Independence
Eastern Orthodox Christians from Greece
People excommunicated by the Greek Orthodox Church
People of the Modern Greek Enlightenment
Greek scholars
Deist philosophers
Members of the Filiki Eteria
Greek deists

masks:
Theophilos Kairis
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<mask> (September 30, 1919 – May 17, 1992) was an American abstract expressionist painter, sometimes associated with the Northwest School of artists. After stints in the US Army and studying art in California, he spent most of his career in Seattle, Washington. Seattle Times critic Deloris Tarzan Ament described him as "the Dean of Northwest Painters". Life and career
<mask> was descended from early immigrants to the city of Seattle, where he was born on September 30, 1919. Both his parents died when he was young, and he and a younger sister were raised mainly by their maternal grandfather, who was a land developer, and an aunt. Young <mask> often visited the Seattle Art Museum after its 1933 opening near his grandfather's house, in the Capitol Hill neighborhood. After graduating from Broadway High School he attended the University of Washington as a law student, while also taking drawing classes at the Cornish College of the Arts.He gradually become more interested in pursuing a career in art, which he'd enjoyed since youth. His studies were interrupted by the Second World War. <mask> went into the Army, trained as a commando in the First Special Service Force, and served in the Aleutians, Africa, Italy, and France. In later years he seldom spoke of his wartime experiences, but was known to have sustained a serious abdominal wound. While in Italy he was able to view works by Giotto, Michelangelo, and Caravaggio. After the war <mask> spent three years at the California School of Fine Art in San Francisco, where he undertook serious study of modern art with such influential instructors as Clyfford Still, Mark Rothko, Ad Reinhardt, David Park, and Clay Spohn. Friends and fellow students included noted painters Richard Diebenkorn and Frank Lobdell.In the late 1940s <mask> returned to Seattle. He was employed by the city as a social worker, and had a daughter with his wife, Helen Taylor. He painted at night in a series of studios, and entered the Seattle Art Museum's Northwest Annual and the Henry Art Gallery's Northwest Invitational shows. He sold his first painting to collector and gallery owner Zoe Dusanne. In 1954 <mask>, Jack Stangle, Ward Corley, and Richard Gilkey were featured in an exhibition of Northwest avant-gardists at SAM. He formed friendships with fellow artists such as Guy Anderson, Leo Kenney, and Carl and Hilda Morris. In the late 1950s he opened the short-lived Artist's Gallery, Seattle's first co-operative artist-owned gallery, with Alden Mason, James FitzGerald, Margaret Tomkins, and others.In 1960, Gordon Woodside became his representative; the same year he received a Ford Foundation grant, and two years later, a grant from the National Foundation for the Arts and Humanities. In 1964 he had his first major solo show, at the Seattle Art Museum; in 1967 he received a Rockefeller Fellowship. While <mask> was gaining recognition, and was able to quit his day job, he was notorious for his reluctance to attend opening parties, do publicity, or seek out commissions, and for his gruff, workmanlike approach to painting. "Painting is something you have to do all the time," he told arts journalist Regina Hackett in a 1992 interview. "If you don't, it becomes too important, too charged with meaning, and you can't bring yourself to do it. For me, it's like tying my shoes in a way." <mask> also generally disliked teaching, but taught for short periods at the San Francisco Art Institute, Reed College, and Highline Community College, and also gave private lessons for small groups at a studio he shared with painter Frank Okada in downtown Seattle.Distaste for promotion likely limited <mask>'s popularity – his one and only European exhibition, arranged by painter John Franklin Koenig, was at the Galerie Arnaud in Paris in 1966 – but he remained a respected, strong-selling artist in the Pacific Northwest. SAM held another solo show of his work in 1975; in 1982 he accepted a rare commission and created the largest painting of his career (20' x 8') for the King County District Court in Issaquah, Washington; in 1983 he was named Artist of the Year by the King County (Washington) Arts Commission, and used the $25,000 reward to build a studio behind his home in Seattle's Queen Anne neighborhood; in 1989 the Henry Art Gallery presented a major retrospective of his career. <mask> was acquainted with Mark Tobey, Morris Graves, and other members of the 'Northwest School', and was close friends with Richard Gilkey and many of the Skagit Valley-based painters who were considered by some critics to represent a second generation of the Northwest School. However, his deeply personal style of abstraction showed more of the influence of Still, Rothko, and others he studied under at the California School of Fine Arts. He found inspiration in observation of the real world, but his intense immersion in the painting process transformed what he saw into lush abstractions that emphasized color and the picture plane. In <mask>'s paintings, shapes are secondary to color in the development of spaces, and delicate neutral grays set off glowing patches of bright color. In a 2014 review of a show at the Woodside/Braseth Gallery, arts journalist Matthew Kangas speculated that <mask>'s wartime experiences may have had a strong impact on his art, and suggested that "[perhaps] <mask> channeled — or suppressed — such horrors into modernist abstraction in order to control and tame them."<mask> rarely titled his paintings. He was an avid fly fisherman, often fishing with his friend and fellow painter Carl Morris. He died in Seattle on May 17, 1992, aged 72, after a year-and-a-half long battle with cancer. He was survived by his wife Helen, daughter Kathleen, and two grandchildren. Said journalist Hackett, "<mask> was a rough-hewn yet lyrical painter interested in feeling, not fact. Within the frame of a canvas, he painted a frame with colors pouring out. He wanted to capture the visual pulse of a scene without bogging it down in particulars.[...] He wanted to chip the barnacle of language off purely visual sensations. By blurring them, he hoped to restore them to some kind of original fresh sight. Thus, for all his disclaimers and tough-guy fortitude, he was a romantic to his bones." References

1919 births
1992 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Artists from Seattle
Painters from Washington (state)

masks:
William Ivey
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<mask> (July 9, 1901 – January 18, 2000) was an American composer, songwriter, arranger, choral conductor, and actor. He was regarded as a leading expert on Negro Black spirituals and choral music. His notable compositions include "Amen", a gospel-tinged theme from the film Lilies of the Field and a 1963 hit for The Impressions, and the Christmas song "Mary's Boy Child". Early life
<mask> was born in Belews Creek, a rural community on the border of Stokes, Forsyth, Rockingham and Guilford counties in North Carolina. His grandparents had been slaves. At an early age he and his family moved to Homestead, Pennsylvania, just outside Pittsburgh, where he graduated from high school in 1921. <mask> was still a small child when his father died in a job-related accident; he was raised by his grandmother while his mother went to work.While growing up, <mask> heard his grandmother and her friends talking and singing about life on the plantations of the southern US. He listened with immense interest and made a promise to himself that he would preserve this history through music. <mask> initially majored in landscape architecture at Massachusetts Agricultural College in the 1920s. While studying landscape architecture, <mask> became involved in various church choirs and choral groups. The accompanist of one, Anna Laura Kidder, saw his potential in music and became his benefactor. Mrs. Kidder offered him financial assistance to study music at Tufts University, from which he graduated in 1929. He was one of the first black students admitted to Tufts.Later he studied music at the Juilliard School. <mask> pledged Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity, Chi chapter in 1925. He worked as a choir conductor in the early stages of his career. His work with choirs on Broadway eventually led to his singing and acting in plays, films, radio programs, and television shows. Career
<mask> sang with the Hall Johnson Choir in Harlem for a time but was nearly fired from the all-black choir because he had difficulty with the rural dialects that were used in some of the songs. He had to shed his Boston accent and relearn the country speech of his parents and grandparents. Johnson had told him: "We're singing ain't and cain't and you're singing shahn't and cahn't and they don't mix in a spiritual."The Hall Johnson Choir performed in many Broadway shows including The Green Pastures. In 1936, they were asked to go to Hollywood to sing for the film The Green Pastures. At that time, a Russian composer, Dimitri Tiomkin, heard <mask> and invited him to collaborate with him. This led to a 30-year collaboration, during which time <mask> arranged and collected music for the movies. In 1939, <mask> married Margaret Swanigan. He also wrote and arranged spirituals for Hollywood films as well as for high school and college choirs around the country. <mask> wrote the song "Mary's Boy Child" in 1956.He also arranged the song "Amen", which he dubbed for the Sidney Poitier film Lilies of the Field, and arranged traditional Negro spirituals Most of <mask>'s film work was in the field of composing, arranging, and choral conducting. <mask> also acted in over 20 films, mostly in small roles, some of which were uncredited. Among the films he appeared in were bit parts in some of the early Tarzan movies, St. Louis Blues, To Kill a Mockingbird, In the Heat of the Night, Lady Sings the Blues, I'm Gonna Git You Sucka and Being John Malkovich. <mask> starred in John Wayne's The Alamo (1960). In 1961, the US State Department appointed <mask> <mask> as Goodwill Ambassador. He traveled all over the world teaching and performing the folk music of the slaves. In the 1960s he held choral festivals with public high school choirs, introducing them to Negro Spiritual music, and sometimes leading several hundred students in community performances.His banter about the history of the songs along with his engaging personality and sense of humor endeared him to many students. No matter where Hairston performed in the US, he checked the phone book for other Hairstons and was responsible for reuniting people on his family tree, both black and white. He composed more than 300 spirituals. All of his research and work has been documented for history. He was the recipient of many honorary doctorates, including a doctorate from the University of Massachusetts in 1972, and another in music from Tufts in 1977. <mask> appeared on TV's The Amos 'n' Andy Show. He had the role of Leroy on the radio program and as Henry Van Porter on the television program.He also played the role of Wildcat on the show That's My Mama. In his senior years, he appeared on the show Amen as Rolly Forbes. His last television appearance was in 1993 on an episode of Family Matters. <mask> also played the role of "King Moses" on radio for the Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall show Bold Venture. In his later years, <mask> served as a cultural ambassador for American music, traveling to numerous countries with choral groups that he had assembled. In 1985 he took the Jester Hairston Chorale'', a multi-racial group, to sing in the People's Republic of China, at a time when foreign visitors were still quite rare in that country. <mask> died in Los Angeles of natural causes in 2000 at age 98.For his contribution to the television industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6201 Hollywood Boulevard. He is interred at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California. Filmography

Notes

References

Sources cited

External links

African American Registry biography

1901 births
2000 deaths
People from Forsyth County, North Carolina
Male actors from North Carolina
Male actors from Pennsylvania
African-American male actors
African-American songwriters
African-American composers
African-American male composers
American male film actors
American male radio actors
American male television actors
Burials at Inglewood Park Cemetery
Juilliard School alumni
People from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
People from Homestead, Pennsylvania
Tufts University alumni
20th-century American male actors
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
Songwriters from North Carolina
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
American male songwriters

masks:
Jester Joseph Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Jester
Jester
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Hairston
Jester
Hairston
Hairston
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Hairston
Death Hairston
Hairston


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<mask> (or Moki; ; born 17 May 1992) is an Israeli half-middleweight judoka. Muki is the 2019 World Champion. He also won the 2015 and 2018 European championships. In August 2011 Muki won the European Cup U20 in Berlin in the under 73 kilogram (161-pound) category. He won gold medals in February 2013 at the European Open in Tbilisi, Georgia, in June 2013 at the European Open Tallinn, and in October 2013 at the European Open Minsk in the under 73 weight class. In May 2014, he won the Baku Grand Slam in Azerbaijan in the under 73 kg category, and the following month he won another International Judo Federation World Tour gold medal, this time at the Havana Grand Prix in the under 73 kg category. <mask> is a two-time Israeli judo champion.In June 2015, representing Israel at the 2015 European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan, he won the gold medal and the European championship in judo in the under 73 kg weight class. Competing for Israel at the 2016 Summer Olympics he came in 5th place. He was ranked No. 1 in the world in March 2019. Early life
Muki was born and raised in Netanya, Israel, to a family of Mizrahi Jewish (Yemenite-Jewish) descent. His parents are Rahamim and Orit <mask>. At the age of eight, he chose to focus on judo, which he had been practicing for four years, despite excelling in football for a Netanya junior soccer team.He attended Tchernichovsky High School in Netanya. As of June 2015 he still resided with his parents, for reasons of convenience and proximity to the Wingate Institute sports training facility. He served in the Israel Defense Forces as a Sergeant in the Vehicle Division at the Sde Dov airbase. Judo career
For 19 years, since the age of four, <mask> has been coached by Israeli judoka Oren Smadja, who won the Olympic bronze medal in the under  weight category in judo at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Smadja is also the national team coach, and <mask> views Smadja as a fatherly figure. His club is Maccabi Netanya, and he met future Israeli judoka world champion Yarden Gerbi there when he was four years old. He noted in 2013: "It's important to me to serve the State as an athlete.This year, I got to play the national anthem in Georgia, Estonia, and Belarus, and last year in Germany. Every time the audience stands for the anthem, it's fun and brings me great pride". In April 2011 he came in fifth in the World U-20 Junior Championships in the under 73-kilogram (161-pound) category. In August 2011 Muki won the European Cup U20 in Berlin in the under 73 kg category. In September 2011, he came in third in the European U20 Championships in Lommel, Belgium, in the under 73 kg category. In December 2012, he won the Israeli Championship in the under  category in Ra'anana, Israel. Muki won a gold medal at the European Open in February 2013 in Tbilisi, Georgia, in the under 73 kg category.He also won gold medals at the European Open Tallinn in June 2013, and the European Open Minsk in October 2013 in the under 73 weight class. He won the Israeli Championship in the under 81 kg category in Ra'anana, Israel in December 2013. In May 2014, <mask> won the Baku Grand Slam in Azerbaijan in the under 73 kg category. In June 2014, he won another International Judo Federation World Tour gold medal, at the Havana Grand Prix in the under 73 kg category. In October 2014, he was ranked number three in the world in his weight class, and in May 2015 he had moved up to number two in the world. European Champion
In June 2015, representing Israel at the 2015 European Games in judo in the under 73 kg category in Baku, <mask> won the first gold medal for Israel in the inaugural European Games, and in doing so won the 2015 European Judo Championship. In the quarterfinals he defeated then-reigning European champion Dex Elmont of the Netherlands.He defeated Nugzar Tatalashvili of Georgia in the final, throwing him for an ippon twenty-eight seconds prior to the end of their match, and after his victory he pointed with a smile at the Israeli flag on his judogi. He became the first Israeli men's European Judo Champion since Ariel Ze'evi, who won the championship four times. Muki received NIS 40,000 (approximately $10,500) from the Israel Olympic Committee for his achievement, the highest amount of any Israeli athlete, and a monthly stipend of NIS 8,500. In October 2015, <mask> won the bronze medal in the Paris Grand Slam after defeating Shuai Sun from China. Two weeks later on 31 October 2015, he won a bronze medal in the Abu Dhabi Grand Slam after defeating Belgian Dirk Van Tichelt. Rio 2016
In August 2016, <mask> competed for the first time in his career for Israel at the 2016 Summer Olympics at the age of 24. In the first round he defeated former European champion Rok Drakšič of Slovenia with an ippon.In the second round he beat Igor Wandtke of Germany. In the quarter-finals, Muki defeated Nicholas Delpopolo of the United States. In the semi-finals, Muki lost to Rustam Orujov of Azerbaijan, and subsequently he was also defeated by Lasha Shavdatuashvili of Georgia for the bronze medal. Muki finished in fifth place. On 7 October 2017, <mask> competed at the 2017 Tashkent Grand Prix, his first competition since the 2016 olympics, and won the gold medal. On 27 April 2018, Muki took part in the european championships in Tel Aviv and won the gold medal in the under 81 kg weight category. In the first round he defeated Jonathan Allardon of France by ippon, in the second round he defeated Matthias Casse of Belgium by waza-ari.He went on to defeat László Csoknyai of Hungary by ippon in the quarter final and Aslan Lappinagov of Russia by shidos in the semi-final. In the final <mask> defeated Sami Chouchi of Belgium by waza-ari in golden score. World Champion
At the 2019 World Judo Championships in Tokyo, <mask> won the gold medal in the under 81 kg weight category. Coming to the competition, <mask> was ranked 2nd in the world and 5 out of his 6 matches that day, he won by Ippon. He won his first 4 matches by Ippon and in the semi-final he defeated Mohamed Abdelaal of Egypt by Waza-ari. In the final, <mask> faced Matthias Casse of Belgium and won by Ippon due to 2 Waza-ari scores. In 2021, he won a bronze medal in World Masters, held in Doha, Qatar.After World Championship
Muki represented Israel at the 2020 Summer Olympics, competing at the men's 81 kg weight category. After beating 2017 Pan American champion, Brazilian Eduardo Yudy Santos, in his first match, Muki lost to Austrian Shamil Borchashvili in the round of 16, ending his part of the individual contest. Titles
Source:

See also
List of select Jewish judokas
Sport in Israel
Israel Judo Association

References

External links

 <mask> Muki at the European Judo Union
 "Inside Video: <mask> Muki" (video), JudoInside, 4 January 2015
 "<mask> Muki wins the Men's −73kg final | Judo | Baku 2015 European Games" (video), Baku 2015 European Games, 26 June 2015

1992 births
Living people
Israeli male judoka
Jewish martial artists
People from Netanya
European Games gold medalists for Israel
European Games medalists in judo
Judoka at the 2015 European Games
Judoka at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic judoka of Israel
World judo champions
Israeli people of Yemeni-Jewish descent
Israeli Mizrahi Jews
Judoka at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in judo
Olympic bronze medalists for Israel

masks:
Sagi Aharon Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Muki
Sagi
Sagi
Sagi


texts:
<mask> (Russian: Ратмир Дмитриевич Холмов) (13 May 1925 in Shenkursk – 18 February 2006 in Moscow) was a Russian chess Grandmaster. He won many international tournaments in Eastern Europe during his career, and tied for the Soviet Championship title in 1963, but lost the playoff. <mask> was not well known in the West, since he never competed there during his career peak, being confined to events in socialist countries. His chess results were impressive, so this may have been for security reasons, as <mask> had been a wartime sailor. But he was one of the strongest Soviet players from the mid-1950s well into the 1970s, and was ranked as high as No. 8 in the world by Chessmetrics.com from August 1960 to March 1961. <mask> stayed active in competitive chess right to the end of his life, and maintained a high standard.Early years

Kholmov learned chess at age 12, and was near Master strength within three years. He served as a sailor in the Soviet merchant marine during World War II, sailing mainly the Northern Arctic route. In 1945, he took 5th in Tula. In 1946, he won in Zhdanovichi (Belarus). In 1947, he took 4th in the 13th Belarusian championship. Later that year, he made his first high-level appearance at the Mikhail Chigorin Memorial, Moscow 1947, scoring 5½/15 against a powerful international field. In 1948, <mask> won the next BLR-ch in 1948, unbeaten, with 11½/13.<mask> qualified for his first Soviet final in 1948, Moscow URS-ch16, scoring 8½/18 for 12th place, where the winners were David Bronstein and Alexander Kotov. He had to return to the Soviet semifinal level at Tbilisi 1949, where he placed 3rd with 10½/17 to advance. At Moscow URS-ch17, 1949, he showed solid improvement, finishing tied 9th–10th with 10/19, as Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov won. In 1950, he took 3rd in Pärnu, 7th in Tbilisi, and tied 4th–5th in the Spartak Club Championship. He missed Finals qualifying at Tartu 1950 (URS-ch18sf) with 9½/15 for fifth place. In 1954, he took 2nd, behind Vladas Mikėnas in Vilnius (Quadrangular). <mask> won, or tied for 1st, in the Lithuanian championships in 1949, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1959, and 1960, making a total of ten outright or shared Lithuanian titles.This consistent success meant that he could be a full-time chess professional. International debut

<mask> made his international debut at Bucharest 1954 with a tied 3rd–4th place, on 11/17, as Viktor Korchnoi won. He placed 6th at Kiev 1954 in the URS-ch21 with 10½/19, with Yuri Averbakh winning; this heralded his arrival in the Soviet elite. FIDE awarded <mask> the International Master (IM) title in 1954. He tied for 3rd–6th places at Leningrad 1955–56 with 10½/18, as Vladimir Antoshin won. <mask> tied for 1st–2nd places at Dresden 1956 with Averbakh on 12/15. He earned the International Master title for this.A very solid tied 5th–7th place at URS-ch23 in Leningrad 1956, with 10½/17, reinforced his high-echelon status. He maintained this standard at the next Soviet final, URS-ch24 at Moscow 1957, with 6th place on 12½/21. He placed 2nd at Szczawno-Zdrój 1957 with 11/15 behind winner Efim Geller. <mask> won the Soviet semifinal at Tashkent 1958 with 11½/15, ahead of Korchnoi and Geller. His first clear international title was at Balatonfüred 1959, where he scored 10/13 to edge Wolfgang Uhlmann. In the URS-ch26 at Tbilisi 1959, <mask> continued his improvement at the top Soviet level with a tied 4th–5th place, with 12/19, as Tigran Petrosian won. Grandmaster

<mask> scored one of the best results of his career with a tied 1st–2nd, along with Smyslov, at the Moscow International 1960 with 8½/11.The same year FIDE awarded him the Grandmaster (GM) title. He won the Soviet semifinal at Novgorod 1961 with 13/16. In Baku,  at URS-ch29 (December 1961), he scored 11/20 to tie for 8th–11th places. He was clear first at Bucharest 1962 with 11½/15, ahead of Vladislav Shianovsky. He tied for 2nd–4th places in the Spartak Championship at Minsk 1962 with 11/17, behind Anatoly Bannik. <mask> won at Kecskemét 1962 with 11/15, ahead of Lajos Portisch and László Szabó, who tied for 2nd–3rd places. He placed 4th in the URS-ch30 at Yerevan 1962 with 13/19, a point behind champion Korchnoi.In 1963 he shared 1st–3rd, with Boris Spassky and Leonid Stein, at Leningrad at the 31st Soviet Chess Championships. Stein prevailed in the three man playoff. Consequently, <mask> is arguably the strongest player of the era ranging from the 1940s through the 1960s to never hold the title of Soviet Champion. (Isaac Boleslavsky is the only other player of <mask>'s strength in that period to never hold the title.) At Sochi 1964, <mask> tied 2nd–3rd places with 10/15, behind winner Nikolai Krogius. Then <mask> suffered perhaps his greatest career disappointment in the Soviet Zonal tournament, Moscow 1964, where he scored 6/12 for 4th in a super-strong field, but fell one place short of advancing to the Interzonal stage. At Kiev in the URS-ch32 (1964/65), <mask> tied 5th–6th places with 11½/19, as Korchnoi won.He made a notable result at Havana 1965 with 5th place on 14½/21, as Smyslov won, but <mask> defeated Bobby Fischer and finished undefeated in the tournament. At Tbilisi 1966/67 for URS-ch34, he scored 10/20 to tie for 10th–12th places, as Stein won again. <mask> moved to Moscow in 1967 and lived there for the rest of his life. He won at Belgrade 1967 with 6½/9. One of his best career results was 2nd in a very strong field at Leningrad 1967 with 12/16, behind Korchnoi. He was 4th in an excellent field at Skopje 1967 with 11½/17, as Fischer won. <mask> won at Havana 1968 with a powerful 12/14, ahead of Stein and Alexey Suetin.His play in the next four Soviet finals continued to be strong. At Alma-Ata 1968/69 for URS-ch36, he placed 6th–9th with 10½/19, as Lev Polugaevsky and Alexander Zaitsev won. The next Interzonal qualifier was URS-ch37 at Moscow 1969, and he finished tied 7th–9th with 12½/22, with Polugaevsky and Petrosian winning; this was a point short of advancing to the Interzonal. At Riga 1970 for URS-ch38, he dropped a bit with just 10/21 for a tied 13th–14th, as Korchnoi won. Then in Baku 1972 for URS-ch40, he had 10½/21 for a tied 10th–11th place, with Tal winning. This was his last Soviet final. His form in his late 40s had substantially fallen from his best years, and a new generation of Soviet players would earn most of the top tournament places and international opportunities.<mask> got just one chance to represent the USSR in a team event at full international level when he played board ten at the European Team Championships, Kapfenberg 1970. He won the board gold medal with 4½/6 (+3−0=3), and helped his side to team gold. <mask> did play in many national matches, such as against Hungary and Yugoslavia, generally scoring well. The Chessmetrics website statistically estimates his retroactive ranking at a minimum of Top 25 in the world from 1956 to 1970, with his peak ranking being 8th in 1960–61. They further estimate that his peak rating was 2736, also in 1961. Later years

<mask> continued to stay very active in competitive play, and he was generally quite successful. At Luhacovice 1973, he tied for 4th–5th places with 9/15, with Andras Adorjan and Jan Smejkal winning.At Sochi 1974, he scored 8½/15 for a tied 4th–6th place, with Polugaevsky winning. He placed 2nd at Kecskemét 1975 with 8½/13 behind winner Karolyi Honfi. One of Kholmov's best late-career results was his tied 3rd–5th place in a very strong Moscow 1975 tournament, with 9½/15, as Geller won. He tied for 1st–2nd at Budapest 1976 on 10½/15 with László Vadász. He placed 2nd at Zalaegerszeg 1977 with 7½/12 behind Evgeni Vasiukov. At age 63, <mask> tied 3rd–6th at Sochi 1988 with 7/13, as Sergey Dolmatov won. At Voskresensk 1990, <mask> tied 3rd–6th on 6½/11 behind winners Igor Naumkin and Valery Neverov.He had an excellent 2nd place at Moscow 1991 with 8½/11 behind winner Mikhail Ivanov. At age 72, <mask> tied for 1st–3rd at Moscow 1997 on 7½/11 with Igor Zaitsev and Andrey Rychagov. World Senior Champion

<mask> tied for the title in the 2000 World Senior Championship at Rowy, on 8/11 with Mark Taimanov, Jānis Klovāns, and Alexander Chernikov. Then he placed 2nd–4th in the same event the next year at Arco, again with 8/11, tied with Klovans and Vladimir Karasev, behind champion Vladimir Bukal, Sr.

Kholmov played competitive chess virtually right up until his death in early 2006 at age 80. He appeared in a Senior event in Dresden, 50 years after he won a tournament there. Legacy

<mask> was known as "The Central Defender" in Soviet chess circles, because of his great skill at repulsing enemy aggression. But he was also a very dangerous attacker, as most of the leading Soviet players learned.During his peak years, <mask> was difficult to defeat, even at the top levels. He qualified for 16 Soviet finals between 1949 and 1972, with an aggregate well over 50 per cent. He scored wins over World Champions Petrosian, Spassky, Fischer, and Garry Kasparov. Kholmov was comfortable as White with both 1.e4 and 1.d4, could play excellent classical chess with both colours, and had an occasional fondness for unusual openings, with which he had good success, as the game selection shows. Notable chess games
Efim Geller vs. <mask> <mask>, USSR Championship, Moscow 1949, Ruy Lopez, Bird's Defence (C61), 0–1 Two rising stars battle for position late in the tournament, and <mask> scores with an offbeat variation, unleashing a lovely rook sacrifice in the endgame. Tigran Petrosian vs. <mask> <mask>, USSR Championship, Moscow 1957, Blumenfeld Gambit (E10), 0–1 Another unusual defensive choice  takes off the future World Champion. Viktor Korchnoi vs. <mask> <mask>, USSR Championship semifinal, Tashkent 1958, Modern Benoni Defence (A64), 0–1 The Modern Benoni was just coming into fashion around this time.<mask> <mask> vs. Paul Keres, USSR Championship, Tbilisi 1959, Sicilian Defence, Rossolimo Variation (B30), 1–0 It's highly unusual to see the powerful tactician Keres get knocked off so quickly. <mask> <mask> vs. Laszlo Szabo, Kecskemet 1962, Slav Defence, Czech Variation (D19), 1–0 <mask> overcomes the nine-time Hungarian champion. <mask> <mask> vs. Leonid Stein, USSR Championship, Yerevan 1962, Sicilian Defence, Moscow Variation (B52), 1–0 <mask> again scores with this unusual Sicilian line against one of his great rivals from this period. Mark Taimanov vs. <mask> <mask>, USSR Championship, Leningrad 1963, Nimzo-Indian Defence, Rubinstein / Gligoric Variation (E54), 0–1 Taimanov was a recognized expert on both sides of this defence. <mask> <mask> vs. Boris Spassky, USSR Zonal Tournament, Moscow 1964, Sicilian Defence, Scheveningen Variation (B84), 1–0 Spassky was the tournament winner and a future World Champion. <mask> <mask> vs. David Bronstein, USSR Championship, Kiev 1964–65, Sicilian Defence, Najdorf Variation (B99), 1–0 Kholmov outplays the creative attacker Bronstein for one of his most memorable victories. Robert Fischer vs. <mask> <mask>, Havana 1965, Ruy Lopez, Closed / Chigorin Variation (C98), 0–1 Fischer lost exceptionally rarely on the White side of the Ruy Lopez, so this win was quite an achievement.<mask> <mask> vs. Garry Kasparov, USSR Championship Qualifying Tournament, Daugavpils 1978, Caro–Kann Defence, Classical Variation (B18), 1–0 Kasparov, just 15 at the time, was the tournament winner and a future World Champion. Opening theory

A couple of opening variations have been named after Kholmov. ECO C92: Ruy Lopez, Closed, Kholmov Variation
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d6 9.h3 Be6
Russian Game, Damiano Variation, Kholmov Gambit (C42)
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.Nxe5 Nxe4 4.Qe2 Qe7

References

Further reading

External links

1925 births
2006 deaths
People from Shenkursky District
Chess grandmasters
Russian chess players
Soviet chess players
Belarusian chess players
Soviet sailors
Sportspeople from Vilnius
20th-century chess players

masks:
Ratmir Dmitrievich Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
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Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Kholmov
Ratmir
Kholmov
Kholmov
Ratmir
Kholmov
Ratmir
Kholmov
Ratmir
Kholmov
Ratmir
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Ratmir
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Ratmir
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Ratmir
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Ratmir
Kholmov


texts:
<mask> is an American playwright. Early life and education
Yee was born and raised in San Francisco, California. She is currently 34–35 years of age. (2020) She graduated from Lowell High School in 2003. Yee graduated from Yale University in 2007, majoring in English and Theatre Arts. She then attended University of California, San Diego's MFA playwriting program. Among Yee's biggest influences are her great-grandparents who migrated to America from China during the era when the Chinese Exclusion Act was in effect.To circumnavigate this they would migrate through Mexico across the Southern border to America and up to  San Francisco. In addition, her father, Larry, inspired to her to write two plays, these being "The Great Leap," and "King of the Yees." Both of these plays draw directly from her Chinese American History. Career
Yee is a member of the Ma-Yi Writers’ Lab  and a Playwrights’ Center Core Writer and has worked under commission from the Goodman Theatre, Lincoln Center, and Mixed Blood. In awarding the Whiting Award for 2019, the Selection Committee noted: "Her dialogue feels like overheard speech; even on the page, it asserts its vibrant, specific life...These plays feel ambitious and even monumental. They are also raucously funny, without ever losing sight of nuanced human experience." Personal life
Yee married Zachary Zwillinger, an attorney, in September 2012 in San Francisco; the couple met at Yale.Plays
Ching Chong Chinaman  (Berkeley Impact Theatre)
Crevice (Impact Theatre)
The Tiger Among Us (January - February 2013, Mu Performing Arts (Minneapolis)
The Hatmakers Wife (developed at PlayPenn New Play Conference in 2011; August 27, 2013 - September 21, 2013, Off-Broadway Playwrights Horizons)
Samsara (February 2015 - March 8, Chicago)
in a word (April 2015, San Francisco Playhouse)
Hookman (May 2015, Encore Theatre Company, San Francisco)
King of the Yees (2015, The Goodman Theatre's New Stages Festival)
 The Great Leap (2018, Off-Broadway)
 Cambodian Rock Band (2018, South Coast Repertory)
 The Song of Summer (2019, Trinity Repertory Company)

Awards and honors
(in reverse chronological order)

2019
Doris Duke Performing Artist Award
Steinberg Playwright Award, with a cash award of $50,000. Harold and Mimi Steinberg/American Theatre Critics Association New Play Award for Cambodian Rock Band, which includes a $25,000 prize. Whiting Award in Drama
Signature Theatre Company (New York City) Residency 5 program. The program "guarantees playwrights three premieres over five years." 2018
Horton Foote Prize for Outstanding New American Play for Cambodian Rock Band. Susan Smith Blackburn Prize finalist for The Great Leap
Princeton University MacKall Gwinn Hodder Fellows for the 2018–2019 academic year. 2017
 Joseph Kesselring Prize for The Great Leap.


texts:
<mask> (August 1, 1885 – January 26, 1961) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 7th congressional district from 1949 to 1959. He served as a member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1939 to 1947. Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia. He extensively studied in graphic arts. In 1910, he moved to Radnor Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. During World War I, he enlisted in the United States Army and was assigned to the Central Officers Training School. He was honorably discharged in November 1918 as a second lieutenant in the United States Army Reserves.Career
<mask> was president and chairman of the board of directors of the Franklin Printing Co. of Philadelphia (founded in 1728 by <mask>). He was a member of the Radnor Township Board of Commissioners from 1929 to 1936. He served in the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives for Delaware County from 1939 through 1946. He was elected as a Republican to the Eighty-first and to the four succeeding Congresses. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1958. <mask> served as president of the Poor Richard Club and also was the first president of the Printing Industries of Philadelphia, an organization for printers. Serving as a Radnor township commissioner from 1929 to 1936, he had been instrumental in reorganizing the township's lighting system and making other improvements.As a state representative from 1939 to 1947, he introduced the <mask> bill, which would have prevented the City of Philadelphia from collecting the wage tax from suburbanites, however the bill was defeated. 1949 to 1953
Upon taking office on January 3, 1949, <mask> was appointed to the District of Columbia and House Administration committees, two relatively low-profile areas. President Truman, meanwhile, had asked Congress to enact a "Fair Deal" for the American people, calling for an increase in the minimum wage, health insurance and banning discrimination. During his first term, some issues that <mask> voted on were: the Marshall Plan to aid western Europe  (Y);  Mundt-Nixon Anti-Communist Bill (Y);  allowing refugees into the country (Y); National Housing Act of 1949 (N); Agricultural Act of 1949 (price supports) (Y); Trade Agreements Extension Act (Y);  Aid to NATO (N);  South Korean aid (N);  a weakened Fair Employment Practices Act, with no enforcement powers (Y);  Proportional Electoral Vote (N);  Internal Security Act of 1950, which was passed over a presidential veto (Y). He also took a position in favor of extending rent controls. Although he generally voted the Republican anti-Communist line, he voted against aiding our European allies in NATO and the fledgling Republic of Korea (South Korea), prior to its invasion by Communist North Korea. In a committee vote on the Anti-Poll Tax bill in 1949, he was the only Republican to vote with six conservative southern Democrats against the measure.In 1951, Congressman <mask> introduced a bill to fix the strength of the Marine Corps and make the commandant a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. 1953 to 1958
In 1953, as a member of the majority party, and thirty-seventh in party seniority, <mask> was appointed to the Appropriations Committee. He served on the subcommittees on general government matters, Treasury and Post Office departments, as well as remaining on the District of Columbia committee. He was known as an active member of the committee, according to the News of Delaware County, "developing a reputation for paying close attention to government spending." During his service on the Appropriations Committee, the federal government ran budget surpluses in 1956 and 1957. In 1957, he introduced two bills: to include the Ben Franklin TV series in the Archives of Congress and to begin the development of Independence National Historical Park. Overall, he compiled a moderately conservative record, not too different from his two predecessors.In a comparison of 58 important issues voted on between 1949 and 1958, <mask> agreed with ultra-conservative Noah Mason of Illinois 74% of the time, but split on such key issues, such as civil rights and foreign aid. Starting in 1953, the Congressional Quarterly began compiling more detailed information about the voting records of members of Congress. In his first term, Congressman <mask> voted 87% of the time with the majority of his party and supported the Eisenhower administration 65% of the time and was in opposition only 15% of the time. (The numbers do not add up due to missed votes on his part.) In 1955-1956, he was 53% pro-Eisenhower in his votes and 28% against, with his attendance falling to 73% of all recorded votes. By the 1957-1958 term, his attendance had fallen to only 52%, as illness began overtaking him. Election of 1948
In the primary of 1948, <mask> was backed by the political machine lead by John J. McClure and the Delaware County Board of Republican Supervisors, known as the "War Board", to unseat the independent incumbent E. Wallace Chadwick.<mask> prevailed by some 7,600 votes in the primary election. In the general election, he easily defeated Democrat Arthur Snyder, 91,394 to 56,263, leading with 61.3% . The Korean War elections, 1950 and 1952
With the second war in five years grinding on in Korea and casualties mounting, the Democrats were again on the defensive in 1950. The national scene did not seem to have much impact locally, as <mask> won reelection by a margin similar to his first election, 62.7%, over Hubert P. Earle. With campaign finance reporting being rather lax at the time, <mask> reported 1950 expenses of $237, while his opponent reported spending about $2,700. In contrast, fellow Republican Congressman Paul Dague of the Chester/Lancaster district, reported $1,000 in expenses. At a rally held in October at Upper Darby Junior High School, <mask>, along with county party chairman Throne, Mrs. Ray Murdock, national committeewoman, and C. William Kraft, Jr., chairman of the Citizens for Eisenhower committee, warmed up the crowd.<mask> said he had "traveled the length and breadth of the county to answer the lies and half-truths promulgated by our opponents." The election was a "crusade rather than a campaign - a crusade against a crowd who usurped the fair name of the Democratic Party and … degraded it." With the help of a lopsided G.O.P. registration edge of 211,188 to 30,254, <mask> was reelected with a solid 61.7% of the vote, 127,918 to Democrat Murray Zealor's 79,423. He reported expenses of $225 and Zealor reported  $27. In the county, the popular Ike received 128,889 to Stevenson's 79,734, also carrying Chester, 12,772 to 11,944. The 1954 midterm election
On March 1, 1954, four Puerto Rican fanatics, shouting for independence for the island, sprayed the House of Representatives with pistol fire, wounding five members of Congress.<mask> narrowly escaped injury when a bullet struck the wall behind him. Later that month, he was endorsed for a fourth term by McClure and the War Board and was opposed by independent Harry Hyde of  Drexel Hill in the primary. Also endorsed were incumbent state representatives, M. Joseph Connelly of Upper Darby, J. Warren Bullen of Lansdowne, Edwin E. Lippincott of Upper Darby, along with newcomers  Joseph W. Isaacs, <mask>, John H<mask>, Wayne, and Clarence D. Bell of Upland. Re-endorsed for seats on the state committee were Mrs. Mae Kernaghan of Yeadon, a future state legislator, and Albert H. Swing of Radnor, later to be involved in controversy as a county commissioner. According to the News, the county chairman "pointed out that the ticket was arrived at without dissension". The Democrats, however, did have plenty of dissension, including a fierce primary fight for <mask>' seat between the endorsed candidate, O. Arthur Cappiello, and Swarthmore College professor Gerard W. Mangone. Minority County Commissioner Albert J. Crawford, Jr. charged that Upper Darby Democratic chairman Joseph Helyenek worked with Republicans against a Democratic candidate in 1951.Helyenek countered with charges that Crawford was "playing footsie" with McClure and the G.O.P. machine and also launched bitter attacks on the county party chairman, John Sheehan. When the votes were counted, Cappiello had won, 4,808 to 3,038 and <mask> had been renominated over Hyde, 43,049 to 8,216. In the fall election, the Democrats turned their fire from themselves to the G.O.P., waging a vigorous campaign. The opposition party charged that the Republican-led government had not corrected "intolerable" traffic bottlenecks at the busy 69th Street commercial district in Upper Darby, delayed constructing a county mental hospital, failed to exempt suburbanites from the Philadelphia wage tax, did nothing to stop a "probable" reduction of unemployment benefits, condoned "blueblood" gambling, took no action regarding "hidden unemployment", as well as refusing to debate the Democratic candidates openly. The Republicans countered by accusing the Democrats of scheming to annex the suburban counties to Philadelphia (a preelection bugaboo that was repeated in succeeding elections in various forms), plotting to levy a wage tax on county residents and running a "Fifth Amendment sympathizer" for governor. GOP County Chairman Throne told the Women's Club of  Morton that state Senator George Leader, Democratic candidate for governor, and his "bosses" were hatching a plot, authored by the "Dilworth-Clark Democratic machine in Philadelphia" to annex the suburbs to the city."Dilworth and Clark will rule Delaware County and the counties adjacent to Philadelphia from their palatial soft rug upholstered sanctums in dirty Philadelphia City Hall," he further warned. "Annexation … would give the Philadelphia Democratic Machine more money and increase the tax load of the suburban home owner who moved away from Philadelphia to get clean economic government." Democrat Cappiello returned the fire with some of his own, rejecting G.O.P. claims that a vote for <mask> was a vote for the popular President Eisenhower. <mask>, he said, was "not an Eisenhower supporter except when it suits John McClure." Further, he stated "McClurism, not Eisenhower, is at issue in Delaware County", blasting <mask> for his "opposition to labor legislation, housing, aid to veterans and other progressive measures. The Democratic congressional hopeful said that <mask> opposed Eisenhower's programs in about one-third of the roll-call votes and cited seven votes "where <mask> was in open rebellion against the Eisenhower program" and five missed votes on major items.At a rally held in Yeadon, Cappiello lashed out at the federal and state inaction regarding the recession, warning "we are rapidly approaching a situation fully comparable to the Hoover Depression in terms of human misery". Indeed, the unemployment rate had increased from the low of 2.5% in 1953 to an average rate of 5.0% for 1954, as the economy adjusted to the end of the Korean War, but it hardly approached the peak Depression rate of 24.9% in 1933. Cappiello's credibility seemed a bit strained: on one hand, he was blaming the Eisenhower administration for the recession, and on the other, he was criticizing <mask> for not voting with the Eisenhower position more often. Whether the voters realized this or not is unclear, but, in spite of  the vigorous campaign by the Democrats, <mask> won another term easily, carrying 60.9% of the vote this time, with a 36,000 vote plurality. According to the News, "a sign of Mr. <mask> apparent popularity in the county is the fact he ran well ahead of the rest of the Republican ticket". The paper cited the fact he polled about 1,600 votes more than the next highest vote-getter, the candidate for state secretary of internal affairs. The 1956 election
With the McClure political machine securely in control of  Delaware County, local attention was centered on the possibility that former Philadelphia mayor and reformer, Joseph S. Clark, Jr. might pull an upset over incumbent Republican Senator Duff.In various speeches throughout the fall campaign, Congressman <mask>, as well as state Senator G. Robert Watkins, attacked Clark mercilessly, often citing his membership in the liberal group, Americans for Democratic Action. In one speech in October, both officeholders said that Clark's "membership in the ADA alone is enough to disqualify Joe Clark from sitting in Jim Duff's chair in the U.S. Senate" and that the ADA had provided unspecified "aid and comfort to the cause of international communism". It was clear that even though McCarthyism had been renounced in Congress, the same tactics were alive and well in Delaware County in 1956. The Democrats quickly returned the fire, with the county chairman, Charles J. Hepburn Jr., stating that <mask> and his colleagues in the county, in attacking Clark's patriotism, were "duplicating cornered rat tactics that led to the defeat of the corrupt and whipped Republican regime in Philadelphia in 1949." This did not deter <mask>, however, who again spoke out against Clark at a campaign stop. Meanwhile, <mask>'s opponent, William A. Welsh, blasted the incumbent and congressional Republicans, stating that their version of tax relief meant a "steelworker family of four would pay $420 taxes on a $5,000 income, while a coupon clipping stockholder pays only $200 on the same income". Further, he said: "<mask> claims of so-called accomplishments have resulted in the last four years of profits of the corporations increasing 35 per cent, while income for the average family is up only four per cent.It is time that Delaware County had someone in Congress who thinks of prosperity in terms of the people and not just in the interests of big business". Adding fuel to the senatorial election fires, the County Commissioners, on October 10, with the lone Democrat strenuously objecting, voted two to one to condemn a proposed increase in the Philadelphia wage tax, linking it to spending increases during Clark's previous tenure as mayor. The Democratic commissioner charged election years politics was the real concern of the Republicans. In stepping up his attacks, Welsh charged <mask> with a "cynical attitude" towards public housing, having "voted to kill public housing outright", causing "those in low incomes (to) have little hope of getting housing." <mask>, who was consistently popular among the voters, did not bother to publicly respond, but saved his remarks for defending the record of Senator Duff against the rising tide of Joe Clark's candidacy. On October 24, at a speech to four hundred party workers at the Essington Republican Club, <mask> defended the military draft. "Parents do not want ever again to have untrained and unprepared kids sent into battle", with President Eisenhower being "their best insurance against war."Further, he declared that the draft would "insure proper conditioning of our youth in the event of armed conflict." Some eight years later, <mask>' remarks would be tested when hundreds of thousands of  "kids" would be drafted to serve in Vietnam. <mask> deafeated Welsh, with about 62% of the vote, 137,764 to 84,764. From the expense reports filed with Congress, the local campaigns spent minimal money, with <mask> reporting no expenses at all, to the Democrat's $804. Final term  and  failing health
On February 15, 1958, <mask> announced he would not be a candidate for a sixth term. His modest statement read: "At the conclusion of the 85th Congress I shall have served as a member of the national house of Representatives for ten years - five consecutive terms. My decision to forgo possible further preferment for public office has been made regretfully, and only after carefully weighing the demands of such service against the inevitable changes, of personal concern, that come with the passing of time".He had been hospitalized twice in 1957 for an undisclosed illness and in May of that year had had surgery. By June 1958, he had resigned his seat on the Appropriations Committee due to his "worsening physical condition." Just as Ike had brought stability to the nation in the Cold War era of the 1950s, <mask> seemed to be a pillar of political stability to the residents of rapidly growing Delaware County. Voters showed their unfading confidence in him by giving him election majorities ranging from 60.9% to 62.7%. He died at age seventy-five on January 26, 1961 and is interred at the Arlington Cemetery in Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania. <mask> voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957. References

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<mask> (27 February 1887 – 13 May 1976) was a German mechanical engineer who succeeded his father, August Föppl as Professor of Technical Mechanics at the Technical University of Munich. During World War I, Föppl worked as a cryptanalyst,  initially in Inspectorate 7/VI, and later in the war within General der Nachrichtenaufklärung. By 1940, he was a full member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. Föppl was one of the earliest cryptoanalysts in the Germany Army, working at this profession during both the first and second world wars, eventually becoming Chief of Sixth Army’s Evaluation Office. His work was kept secret from both his family and his colleagues, even his later university assistant Friedrich L. Bauer, who would also become a well known cryptologist in his own right, never knew. In 2005, the work of Hilmar-Detlef Brückner of the Bavarian State Archive () brought this aspect of Föppl's career to prominence. Brückner's work was subsequently fleshed out from information contained in Föppl's unpublished autobiography, still retained by his family, several chapters of which provided details of his work during the two world wars.Early life
Föppl was the son of <mask>, a German structuralist and university lecturer. His brother was Otto Föppl who was an engineer and Professor of Applied Mechanics at the Technical University of Braunschweig for 30 years. His brother-in-law was the physicist <mask>. Föppl completed his Abitur in 1906 and studied mechanical engineering for two years at the Polytechnical Institute. He then spent a year at the University of Göttingen studying the theoretical aspects of engineering. He was promoted in 1912 to Dr Phil in mathematics, with a thesis titled Stable arrangements of electrons in the atom (). He worked as an assistant to Felix Klein, a leading mathematician on Group theory, complex analysis and non-Euclidean geometry.In March 1914, Föppl habilitated in mathematics. He started teaching as a Privatdozent at the Physics Institute at the University of Würzburg, working with Wilhelm Wien. From 1925 to 1955 he was Director of the Mechanical-Technical Laboratory of the Technical University of Munich. In July 1918, Föppl became engaged to Friederike Pühn. Military life

World War I
At the beginning of World War I, Föppl was keen to enlist and experience life at the front as part of the infantry, but found the process less than straightforward due to the high number of other volunteers enlisting. Peter Vogel, who taught mathematics at the Munich War Academy (), suggested that Föppl would be more likely to be able to serve if he volunteered to join the wireless telegraphy service, and provided a contact for a colonel in the Ministry of War. Föppl was successful in enlisting in the Wireless Telegraphy Replacement Company.After finishing his basic training, <mask> was posted to Roubaix, arriving on 15 December 1914. The unit's remit was to intercept wireless communications of the British Expeditionary Force and the ships of the Royal Navy in the English Channel. However, Föppl ended up working as a kitchen boy, as he was unable to transcribe nonencrypted messages due to his lack of French. By early 1915, there were thousands of encrypted messages, which were believed by the German Army and German Navy to be unusable. Föppl sought permission to attempt to decipher them during his spare time. Föppl began by determining which messages had been encrypted using the same key; this was accomplished by looking for common sequences of characters. These messages were structured and transmitted in sets of five letters, transcribed on square paper, and each message was represented as a series of columns of letters.As an emergent property of this transcribing method, standard sequences of characters stood out readily. Foppl focused on groups of four or more characters. When a sequence appeared more than once in a message, or in several messages, he indicated that it was enciphered with the same key. Having sorted all the messages into groups, he focused on the group which seemed easiest to analyse as it contained the largest number of messages and the most repetitions of common sequences. He used frequency analysis against the message, then compared it against the equivalent statistics for a plaintext English document. He was able to instantly determine the key. Since this key was still in use, the Roubaix station was able to start reading incoming messages that were encrypted with that key.The news of the deciphering spread rapidly through the German Navy. The majority of the decrypts were related to British minesweeping operations in the English Channel. The key that Föppl discovered was termed a Caesar and the cipher was a variant of the Gronsfeld cipher. Föppl suggested it was used as it enabled the cipher clerk to encrypt messages very quickly and could be easily enciphered by ordinary sailors, with a key that was changed every few weeks, that could be broken within a single day. During this period Föppl read the lengthy daily telegrams sent by Second Sea Lord George Egerton and managed to break the cipher, the Allied Fleet Code that was long considered unbreakable by the German Navy, and was considered thus to be a new source of intelligence which was of the greatest importance. From July 1915, daily reports compiled by Foppl and Lieutenant Martin Braune, the director of marine intelligence (German Naval Intelligence Service), were now sent to senior staff. Vizeadmiral Hugo von Pohl stated:

They have proved to be a great help for our submarine and Zeppelin missions.<mask> was promoted to sergeant () on 9 January 1916 and subsequently promoted to Lieutenant on 14 July 1916,  which was subsequently converted into a full commissioned officer post in the regular army on the August 1918. His promotion enabled him to build a small team which included physicists Dr Wilhelm Lenz and Dr Hans Rau. Föppl found that due to his work, he was able to rescue academically gifted individuals from the front line, for use as cryptanalysts and evaluators, an idealised sentiment which was not always successfully achieved. The mathematician Richard Courant offered several suggestions to Föppl, including one individual whom he arranged to be transferred to the unit but he was killed in action before the transfer could be completed. By the end of World War I, <mask> was head of Sixth Army’s Evaluation Office, located in Lille and then Tournai. <mask> was demobilized at the end of hostilities. World War II
In March 1938, <mask> was reactivated and told to report to Army HQ after the Anschluss, where he was sent to Vienna to work at a German wireless company.Upon arrival, there was some confusion as to his purpose, since he was then in his mid 50s, with no modern uniform, and had spent the interwar period employed as an academic. He was ordered to visit the TU Wien, where he meet the Rector of the Institute and attended a meeting of the Senate to answer extensive questions from staff and academics about the Anschluss. After a week, he was demobilized and sent back to Munich. On 25 August 1939, <mask> was again reactivated and requested (ordered) to Army HQ in Berlin for assignment, which put his whole family into a deep depression. <mask> was assigned an Evaluation Office working on the Invasion of Poland. He asked to be posted closer to his family and was eventually posted to western Army HQ in Frankfurt, working in a cryptanalysis role. He subsequently made a request to move back to work at the Technical University of Munich and was discharged on 20 January 1940, with his military career at an end.He spent the rest of the war continuing his research at the university, deliberately keeping a low profile. Work at the Technische Hochschule Munich
After the military service, <mask> became professor of mechanics at the Technische Hochschule Dresden in 1920 and professor of mechanics at the Technische Hochschule Munich in 1922. The focus of his works was on theoretical continuum mechanics. Apart from this, <mask> has significantly developed the very important industrial measuring technique of photoelasticity in Germany. During the Second World War, he relocated his residence and photoelasticity laboratory to Ammerland, which may have saved his life, because his house in Munich was hit by an American bomb in an attack on July 12, 1944, and was completely destroyed. It was his photoelasticity laboratory, which gave him the possibility to continue working in the first years of the Second World War. <mask> made an essential contribution to contact mechanics, even when this part of his work became acknowledged only in the last years.The key contribution is contained in his 8-page paper "Elastic stress in the ground under foundations" of 1941. In this paper, Föppl determined the deformation of the surface of an elastic half-space under the action of arbitrary plane as well as arbitrary axis-symmetric pressure distribution, in a form that allowed a simple inversion and thus solution of an arbitrary contact problem. This inversion was made in the dissertation of his doctoral student Gerhard Schubert, whose dissertation was published in a shortened form in 1942. Bibliography
He was editor of the later editions of Vorlesungen über Technische Mechanik of his father <mask> (with Otto Föppl) and co-author of Drang und Zwang. Practical voltage optics., Praktische Spannungsoptik with Ernst Mönch:  3rd Edition, Springer Verlag, 1972
 Elementary mechanics from the higher point of view., Elementare Mechanik vom höheren Standpunkt, Oldenbourg, 1959
 Festigkeitslehre mittels Spannungsoptik with Heinz Neuber: Oldenbourg, 1935
 The strict solution for rolling friction., Die strenge Lösung für die rollende Reibung, Munich, Leibniz-Verlag, 1947
 Tables and Tables of Strength Theory with Gerhard Sonntag., Tafeln und Tabellen zur Festigkeitslehre with Gerhard Sonntag: Oldenbourg, 1951

Literature

 Hilmar-Detlef Brückner: Germany's First Cryptanalysis on the Western Front – Decrypting British and French Naval Ciphers in World War I. Cryptologia. Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. Taylor & Francis, Philadelphia PA 29.2005,1 (January), S. 1–22.ISSN 0161-1194. Martin Samuels: <mask>l – A Bavarian cryptanalyst on the Western front. Cryptologia, 2016. doi:10.1080/01611194.2015.1084960
 Elena Popova, Valentin L. Popov: <mask>l and Gerhard Schubert: Unknown classics of contact mechanics, Z Angew Math Mech.2020; 100: e202000203. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.202000203

Honours
 Iron Cross, Second Class - 4 July 1915
 Iron Cross, First Class - 16 April 1916
 Military Merit Order, Fourth Class With Swords - 16 April 1916
 Military Merit Order, Third Class With Swords - 12 September 1916

See also
Bearing capacity
Method of Dimensionality Reduction
Triakis truncated tetrahedron

References

External links

1887 births
1976 deaths
German cryptographers
German mechanical engineers
Engineers from Berlin
Presidents of the Technical University of Munich

masks:
Karl Ludwig Föppl
August Föppl
Ludwig Prandtl
Föppl
Föppl
Föppl
Ludwig Föppl
Föppl
Föppl
Föppl
Ludwig Föppl
Ludwig Föppl
Ludwig Föppl
August Föppl
Ludwig Föpp
Ludwig Föpp