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<mask> (born April 16, 1980) is an American actor and retired professional wrestler. He is best known for his time with WWE. After being trained at the Texas Wrestling Academy, <mask> began competing for Ring of Honor where his high risk offensive moves made him a fan favorite. He later competed for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling, Pro Wrestling Zero-One, and various independent promotions, winning numerous championships and won the ECWA Super 8 Tournament in 2003. <mask> made his debut in WWE in late 2003. In 2004 he began teaming with fellow cruiserweight Billy Kidman and they eventually went on to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. After Kidman retired from active competition, <mask> formed a tag team with Brian Kendrick, with whom he won the WWE Tag Team Championship.After their split, <mask> began competing in the cruiserweight division and won the WWE Cruiserweight Championship. In late 2006, Kendrick returned and the two reformed as a team. <mask> and Kendrick were managed by Ashley Massaro. <mask> and Kendrick won the WWE Tag Team Championship, becoming the longest reigning WWE Tag Team Champions since the title's creation and the World Tag Team Championship. The team split when Kendrick was drafted to the SmackDown brand in June 2008 and <mask> was released later that year. In 2009, he returned to the independent circuit, competing for Pro Wrestling Guerrilla, where he was one half of the former PWG World Tag Team Champions with partner El Generico under the team name ¡Peligro Abejas!. Early life
<mask> was born in Austin, Texas, and has two older brothers, Daniel and Jonathan.In 1996, Daniel was killed by a drunk driver at the age of nineteen. Jonathan is a music video director. <mask> attended Westlake High School in Texas. He helped create the school's first-ever wrestling team where he was the captain, first varsity letterman and once held the record for the fastest pinfall time of 7.4 seconds. Professional wrestling career

Early career (2000–2003)
After graduating from high school, <mask> trained at several wrestling schools, including a trailer park in West Memphis, Arkansas and a school run by Ivan Putski in North Austin, Texas. He debuted in 2000. <mask> made his first appearance at WCW Greed on March 18, 2001 as an audience member during the Diamond Dallas Page and Scott Steiner WCW World Heavyweight Championship match.He later enrolled in Shawn Michaels' wrestling school, the Texas Wrestling Academy, where he was trained by Rudy Gonzales. Early in his career, <mask> made brief appearances in Japanese promotion Pro Wrestling Zero-One (Zero1) and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA). <mask> competed in Zero1 for several months on a match-by-match basis, beginning in January 2003, before turning down a contract. <mask> was contacted by TNA after ROH's one-year anniversary show, and told that they were interested in him doing some matches on a try-out basis. On February 12, 2003, he made his TNA debut in a Gauntlet match against Jerry Lynn, which he lost. <mask> competed mainly in the company's X Division, even earning shots at the NWA TNA X Division Championship. His last appearance in TNA was on June 18, 2003, at the TNA Anniversary show.He wrestled X Division Champion Chris Sabin for the title, only to lose due to interference from CM Punk. <mask> has said that he viewed his time in TNA as a "stepping stone", but knew that he didn't want to be there long-term. <mask> also made several appearances for East Coast Wrestling Association and won the 7th Annual ECWA Super 8 Tournament. Ring of Honor (2002–2003; 2013–2014)
He made his debut in Ring of Honor (ROH) on March 30, 2002, in a match against Chris Marvel. He began a lengthy feud with Michael Shane during a tag team match for ROH contracts on July 27, 2002. During the bout, both Shane and <mask> made simultaneous pinfalls on their opponent's partners. The referee only counted for Shane, giving his team the victory, which led to <mask> and Shane brawling.The two continued to feud over the next several months in matches such as Street Fights (where the crowd chanted "please don't die" due to London's high risk offense), a Triple Threat match and a Gauntlet match. On December 7, 2002, <mask> won a tournament to capture the ROH Number One Contender's Trophy, guaranteeing a match for the ROH Championship. He lost the match three weeks later to then-champion Xavier. On February 8, 2003, <mask> competed in a Triple Threat match for the Number One Contender's Trophy, pinning A.J. Styles for the win. After the match, Xavier informed <mask> that he would compete for the title immediately. <mask> again lost to the champion.<mask>'s final match in ROH was for the title against Samoa Joe on July 19, 2003, in which he lost. On May 4, 2013, <mask> made his first appearance for ROH in a decade, facing Davey Richards in a losing effort at Border Wars 2013. <mask> suffered a stinger and concussion during the match and was as a result forced to pull out of the following day's tapings of Ring of Honor Wrestling. <mask> returned to ROH on August 3, losing to Michael Elgin in the first round of a tournament for the ROH World Championship. <mask> returned once again at Glory By Honor XII to defeat Roderick Strong. <mask> would make four additional appearances for ROH in 2014; London competed on the Supershow of Honor events in the United Kingdom. World Wrestling Entertainment

Teaming and feuding with Billy Kidman (2003–2004)
London signed with World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE) in mid–2003, working a few dark matches before being sent to the company's developmental territory, Ohio Valley Wrestling, on August 30.<mask> made his official WWE television debut on the SmackDown! brand, losing to Brock Lesnar in a match for the WWE Championship on October 9. After the match, Lesnar continued to attack <mask> until fellow cruiserweight Spanky (Brian Kendrick) made the save. The two competed as a tag team on SmackDown!s sister show Velocity until Spanky left the company in January 2004. <mask> then began a tag team with Billy Kidman on January 29, 2004. On the July 8 episode of SmackDown!, the duo won the WWE Tag Team Championship from the Dudley Boyz. They defended the title against the Dudleys and the Basham Brothers on several occasions before losing the championship to René Duprée and Kenzo Suzuki on September 9, due to Kidman leaving London to fight by himself.Kidman's heel turn led to a feud between the two, which culminated at No Mercy where Kidman defeated <mask> with a shooting star press. After the match, <mask> was bleeding from the mouth and being stretchered when Kidman pulled him back into the ring with the stretcher and delivered another shooting star press to London's injured ribs. This storyline was put in place after <mask> had broken his nose wrestling Booker T and needed time off to recuperate. London returned on November 27, wrestling on Velocity until the end of the year. Cruiserweight Champion (2005)
On March 10, 2005, <mask> became the number one contender for Chavo Guerrero's WWE Cruiserweight Championship, which he later won in a cruiserweight battle royal. Guerrero challenged <mask> for the title at Judgment Day, where London emerged victorious. During another title match with Guerrero on June 23, The Mexicools stormed the ring, attacking both <mask> and Guerrero.On the July 14 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> teamed with Scotty 2 Hotty and Funaki to face The Mexicools. The ending of the match saw Juventud perform the 450° splash on <mask> for the win, but landed his knee onto <mask>'s face and legitimately broke his nose in the process. London lost the Cruiserweight Championship on the August 6 episode of Velocity to Nunzio. Later in the night, <mask> cut a heel promo encouraging the fans to protest his title loss. <mask> went on a losing streak before returning as a face and teaming with the newly rehired Brian Kendrick. Teaming with Brian Kendrick (2005–2008)

On the December 16 episode of Velocity, <mask> and Kendrick remade their image, wearing theatrical masks to the ring and matching vests and shorts. On the April 7, 2006 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> and Kendrick defeated WWE Tag Team Champions MNM in a non-title match.They developed a winning streak over the champions, including singles victories for both Kendrick and <mask> over Johnny Nitro and Joey Mercury, respectively. <mask> and Kendrick won the WWE Tag Team Championship at Judgment Day, marking consecutive victories for <mask> and Kendrick over MNM. On August 11, K. C. James and Idol Stevens defeated the champions in a non-title match, igniting a feud between the two teams. During the rivalry, WWE Diva Ashley Massaro began accompanying <mask> and Kendrick to the ring to act as a valet and combat the actions of James and Stevens' manager Michelle McCool. They soon began a losing streak to the team of William Regal and Dave Taylor. Regal defeated both team members in singles matches and on the December 8 episode of SmackDown!, Kendrick and <mask> lost a tag team match to the pair. As a result, they were scheduled to defend the championship against Regal and Taylor at Armageddon; at the event, the match was changed to a four-way ladder match also involving MNM and The Hardys.<mask> and Kendrick won the match and retained the championship. On the January 12, 2007, episode of SmackDown! <mask> and Kendrick successfully retained their championship against Regal and Taylor in a traditional tag team match. On February 2, <mask> and Kendrick suffered a non-title loss to the rookie team Deuce 'n Domino. A further tag team match loss and a singles loss for Kendrick to Deuce led to a championship match at No Way Out, in which <mask> and Kendrick were victorious. They retained the championship against MNM on SmackDown! on March 23, and then retained the championship against Deuce 'n Domino again on April 13, after Deuce 'n Domino were disqualified.In a rematch the following week on the April 20 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> and Kendrick lost the WWE Tag Team Championship to Deuce 'n Domino. During the match <mask> missed a moonsault from the ring apron to the floor kayfabe injuring his ribs, leaving Kendrick to battle Deuce 'n Domino alone. <mask> and Kendrick's reign was the longest in the championship's history at 331 days until it was surpassed by The New Day in 2016. Selling his storyline injured ribs, <mask> was absent from physical action until the May 11 episode of SmackDown!, when he defeated Domino in singles competition. <mask> and Kendrick unsuccessfully competed for the titles on June 1 in a triple threat tag team match, which also involved Regal and Taylor, and lost a rematch on June 15 in a standard tag team match. Both <mask> and Kendrick were drafted to the Raw brand on June 17, 2007, during the Supplemental Draft. They won their debut match on Raw against The World's Greatest Tag Team on June 18.Throughout July and August, they wrestled against The World's Greatest Tag Team and Lance Cade and Trevor Murdoch on Raw, and on September 3, they won a number one contender's match for Cade and Murdoch's World Tag Team Championship. At a house show in South Africa on September 5, <mask> and Kendrick defeated Cade and Murdoch to win the World Tag Team Championship, only to lose it back in a rematch three days later. At the end of 2007, he was inactive due to a foot injury. <mask> returned on the February 4, 2008, episode of Raw, when he and Kendrick lost to the team of Carlito and Santino Marella. On the March 17 episode of Raw, <mask> and Kendrick faced Umaga in a handicap match. During the match, Kendrick walked out and left London to get pinned; no dissension came of the incident, and <mask> and Kendrick continued to team together. They unsuccessfully challenged Hardcore Holly and Cody Rhodes for the World Tag Team Championship on May 26.The team came to an end when Kendrick was drafted back to the SmackDown brand as part of the 2008 WWE Supplemental Draft in June. The following month, <mask> was briefly involved in a storyline between Shawn Michaels, and Chris Jericho and Lance Cade, when Jericho and Cade used London as an example of what happened to those who idolized Michaels. <mask> lost singles matches to both Jericho and Cade on Raw, before disappearing from television. <mask> was released from his WWE contract on November 7, 2008. Independent circuit (2009–2018)
Various promotions (2009–2018)

<mask> made his debut in Big Time Wrestling on February 28, 2009, defeating the BTW Champion Jason Styles by disqualification. At the event, he also debuted a new gimmick, described as "a nerdy blend of 1970s band Devo and a nerdy Air Force cadet with flight jacket and goofy, oversized sunglasses". On November 13, 2009, <mask> defeated Jason Blade to win the Northeast Wrestling Championship.On July 10, 2010, <mask> defeated Joey Silvia in a two out of three falls match to become the new Pro Wrestling Xperience Heavyweight Champion. On March 26, 2010, <mask> made his debut for Dragon Gate USA in a tag team match, where he and Jimmy Jacobs were defeated by Brian Kendrick and Jon Moxley. After the match, Kendrick turned on Moxley and re-formed his team with London, which led to a Loser Leaves Company tag team match between <mask> and Kendrick and Jacobs and Jack Evans at the following day's tapings of the Mercury Rising pay-per-view. In the end Jacobs forced Kendrick to tap out and as a result he was forced to leave Dragon Gate USA for good. After the match London was assaulted by Teddy Hart. In December 2010, <mask> began working for Lucha Libre USA as the masked Sydistiko, taking over the role previously held by T.J. Perkins. He teamed up with Rellik to defeat Dinastia (El Oriental and Tinieblas Jr.) on December 12, 2010.The pair participated in three way match to decide the new LLUSA Tag Team Championship but this time El Oriental and Tinieblas Jr. would get the better of the pair. As Sydistiko, he would go on to lose all his matches including LLUSA Championship number one contendership lucha roulette elimination. On July 30, 2011, <mask> competed at Vanguard Championship Wrestling (VCW)'s Liberty Lottery 2011 event. He faced John Kermon, the VCW Liberty Champion, and defeated him to become the Liberty Champion. On February 16, 2013, <mask> defeated Brian Kendrick at Family Wrestling Entertainment's No Limit, winning a title match against the Tri-Borought Champion Damian Darling. The same night, <mask> defeated Darling, winning the title. On June 21, 2013, London defeated Akio to retain the title.The next day, <mask> and Kendrick were defeated by The Young Bucks at House of Hardcore 2. London spent the majority of 2014 wrestling abroad, including in Australia, Europe, and South America. In Scotland's Insane Championship Wrestling (ICW), <mask> and Brian Kendrick won the ICW Tag Team Championship in October 2014. After a 28 day reign, they lost the championship to Polo Promotions (Mark Coffey and Jackie Polo) on November 2. Following this title loss, <mask> would then unsuccessfully challenge Kenny Williams for the ICW Zero-G Championship. On November 19, 2016, <mask> wrestled for Target Wrestling, where he answered Shady Nattrass' High Octane Division Championship open challenge. <mask> defeated Nattrass in the match and subsequently won the title.On April 20, 2017, <mask> vacated the title due to a knee injury sustained while wrestling in San Diego. On July 29, 2017, it was announced that he would return to Target on August 18 to face Turbo Josh Terry for the High Octane Division Championship he vacated in April. Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (2009–2010; 2013)

<mask> made his return to the independent circuit by making his Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG) debut on February 21, 2009, at Express Written Consent. He wrestled in a six man tag team main event where he and The Young Bucks (Nick and Matt Jackson) defeated The Dynasty (Joey Ryan, Scott Lost and Karl Anderson). He later formed an alliance with Bryan Danielson and Roderick Strong, known as the "Hybrid Dolphins". On January 30, 2010, <mask> re-formed his partnership with Brian Kendrick in PWG and together the two of them defeated the PWG World Tag Team Champions Generation Me in a non-title match. On April 10, 2010, <mask> defeated PWG mainstay El Generico in a singles match.On May 9, the two men teamed up to form a duo introduced as ¡Peligro Abejas! (literally translated as The Danger Bees) in the fourth annual DDT4 eight-team tag tournament. After defeating "The Professional" Scott Lost and Chuck Taylor in the first round and Jay and Mark Briscoe in the semifinals, <mask> and Generico defeated the Young Bucks in the finals of the tournament to win both DDT4 and the PWG World Tag Team Championship. Later in the year on December 11, 2010, ¡Peligro Abejas! successfully defended the PWG World Tag Team Championship against the ROH World Tag Team Champions The Kings of Wrestling (Chris Hero and Claudio Castagnoli). On April 9, 2011, London was forced to miss a PWG event, during which El Generico and London's replacement, Ricochet, lost the PWG World Tag Team Championship back to The Young Bucks. After a two-year absence from PWG, London returned to the promotion on March 22, 2013, defeating Kevin Steen during the first night of the All Star Weekend 9.During the second night, he defeated Trent? in another singles match. At PWG's tenth anniversary show TEN he teamed with long-time partner Brian Kendrick in a loss to Chuck Taylor and Johnny Gargano. Lucha Underground (2016–2019)
On November 23, 2016, London debuted in Lucha Underground, appearing on the program's third season. He is the leader of the Trios Team known as "The Rabbit Tribe", together with Mala Suerte and Saltador. Their gimmick is a psychedelic drug take on the 1865 novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll. During the third season, the Rabbit Tribe considered Mascarita Sagrada as their God "The White Rabbit".On Episode 20 of Season 3, the Rabbit Tribe defeated Worldwide Underground to win three of the Aztec Medallions. Impact Wrestling (2019)
In 2019, London returned to TNA, now known as Impact Wrestling. It was reported in September that he worked backstage as a producer on Impact television tapings in February. Filmography

 Other media
London appeared in ASAP Ferg's "Jet Lag" music video released on December 10, 2019. Personal life
He is half-Mexican on his mother's side. He is also bilingual, speaking both English and Spanish.

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<mask> (22 December 1882 – 14 December 1953) was an English stage and film actress. Part of the <mask> family of British actors through her marriage to actor <mask>, she began her career as a child actress in British pantomimes and music hall variety acts. As a young adult she was one of the Belmore Sisters in variety entertainment before beginning a more serious acting career performing in classic plays by William Shakespeare with Ben Greet's Pastoral Players in a 1911 tour of the United States. She made her Broadway debut as Portia in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar in 1912. She returned to Broadway numerous times in mainly comedic character roles over the next 40 years, notably creating parts in the original Broadway productions of  Lorenz Hart and Richard Rodgers's By Jupiter (1942) and  Anita Loos's Gigi (1951). She worked in several productions mounted by Florenz Ziegfeld Jr., including appearing in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1925 with W.C. Fields and Will Rogers, and starring as Parthy Ann Hawks in the 1929 Australian tour and 1932 Broadway revival of Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Show Boat. In more serious work, Belmore portrayed the nurse in the United States premiere of Jean Anouilh's Antigone (1946), and starred as Ftatateeta in the 1949 revival of George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra.In the latter part of her career she made numerous appearances on American television from 1948 to 1953. Also active as an actress in Great Britain, she worked frequently as a character actress in British cinema from 1933 to 1940 in addition to appearing on the British stage. Early life and career: 1890-1919

Born <mask> Cousins in Manchester, Belmore began her career as a child actress in 1890; making her professional debut at eight years old in a pantomime production of Robinson Crusoe at the Prince's Theatre, Manchester. As a child actress she performed regularly in British music halls and vaudeville entertainment in Continental Europe as a member of several variety acts; including the Tiller Girls, Harwood's "The Six Sunbeams" and Harwood's "Juveniles". She was also frequently seen as Principal Boy in pantomimes in British provincial theatres. As a young adult she spent seven years performing as one of the Belmore Sisters, a variety act organized by the Belmore family of actors in which her comedic and singing talent were featured. She married Herbert "Bertie" <mask>, one of the Belmore acting clan, and thereafter performed under the name <mask> <mask>.In 1911 <mask> went to the United States as a member of Ben Greet's Pastoral Players, touring the east coast of America in performances of plays by William Shakespeare. One of the stops for the company was the White House. In 1912 she made her Broadway debut at the Lyric Theatre as Portia in Shakespeare's Julius Caesar with William Faversham as Marc Antony and Fuller Mellish in the title role. In 1919 she created the role Mrs. Tom Collins in the world premiere of Harry L. Cort & George E. Stoddard's musical Just A Minute at the Academy of Music in Baltimore which was produced by impresario John Cort. Later life and career: 1920-1953
In 1920 <mask> made her debut in London's West End at the Empire Theatre as Helen Cheston in Harry Tierney's Irene; a hit production which ran for 399 performances. She then returned to the United States, appearing in the 1921 musical Angel Face which was staged by George Lederer for performances in Los Angeles and San Francisco with a cast that included Marguerite Zender, Nat Carr, and Norah Kelly. She returned to Broadway in 1923 in Thompson Buchanan's The Sporting Thing To Do at the Ritz Theatre.She remained active on Broadway for the next couple of years, appearing as Henriette Deschamps in Guy Bolton's Grounds For Divorce (1924-1925) and the Ziegfeld Follies of 1925 with W. C. Fields and Will Rogers. By 1924 she and Herbert had relocated to the United States, maintaining a home in Beechhurst, Long Island. In 1927 the couple toured Australia in leading roles in plays produced by J. C. Williamson. One of the parts she portrayed there was Ethel in Norma Mitchell and Russell Medcraft's Cradle Snatchers; a role which she repeated at the Baltimore Auditorium in 1928 and the  Coliseum Theatre in 1931. In 1929 she returned to Australia to star as Parthy Ann Hawks in the Australian premiere of Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Show Boat. From this point on Belmore maintained an active theatre career on both sides of the Atlantic. In the United States her notable stage achievements included the role of Pomposia in the original Broadway production of Lorenz Hart and Richard Rodgers's By Jupiter at the Shubert Theatre in 1942-1943, and the role of the nurse in the American premiere of Antigone at the National Theatre in Washington, D.C., in 1946.Her other Broadway appearances included Terence De Marney's and Percy Robinson's The Whispering Gallery (1929, Lady Elliot), Julian F. Thompson's The Warrior's Husband (1932, Forrest Theatre, as Caustica), Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Show Boat (1932, Casino Theatre, Parthy Ann Hawks), Arthur Schwartz's Virginia (1937, Center Theatre, as Minnie Fortesque), Elmer Harris's Johnny Belinda (1940-1941, Mrs. McKee), Lesley Storm's Heart of a City (1942, Mrs. Good), Gypsy Rose Lee's The Naked Genius (1943, Lollie Adams), Fritz Kreisler Rhapsody (1944, Frau Tina Hugenhaugen), Terence Rattigan's Harlequinade (1949, Dame Maud Gosport), and George Bernard Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra (1949-1950, Ftatateeta). Her final Broadway appearance was as Sidonie in the original production of Anita Loos's Gigi in 1951-1952 with Audrey Hepburn. In the United Kingdom, <mask>'s notable stage appearances included Mrs Trellis in Guy Bolton's Give Me A Ring (1935, Hippodrome, London); Frau Lucher in Robert E. Sherwood's Reunion in Vienna (1934, Lyric Theatre, London); Emily Peabody in Yes, Madam? (1934, Manchester Opera House); Miss Pink in R. P. Weston's Please Teacher! (1935, Hippodrome, London); Emmeline Ray in K. R. G. Browne, Bert Lee and Desmond Carter's Big Business (1937, Hippodrome, London); Mrs. Simmons in Geoffrey Kerr's Oh! You Letty (1937 – 1938, Palace Theatre, London); Guy Bolton's Bobby Get Your Gun (1938 – 1939, Adelphi Theatre); Margot Neville and Gerald Kirby's Giving the Bride Away (1939, Manchester Opera House); Nurse McClintock in Guy Bolton's  Nap Hand (1940, Aldwych Theatre); Nurse Ironside in R. F. Delderfield's Peace Comes To Peckham (1947, Princes Theatre, London); and Emily Bompard in Austin Melford's Blue For A Boy (1950, Her Majesty's Theatre). She was active as a character actress in British cinema from 1933 to 1940; appearing mainly in comedies.From 1948-1953 she made several appearances on American television, including The Philco Television Playhouse (1948-1950), The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre (1949), The Trap (1950), The Web (1951), Martin Kane (1951), The Ford Theatre Hour (1951), Studio One in Hollywood (1951), and The Goldbergs (1953). Having never retired, <mask> died at the age of 70 from injuries sustained from a fall at a hospital in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain in 1953. Her husband, <mask>, had died a year earlier. Selected filmography

 Happy (1933)
 Going Gay (1933)
 Keep It Quiet (1934)
 Over the Garden Wall (1934)
 Give Her a Ring (1934)
 Blossom Time (1934)

 Are You a Mason? (1934)
 Royal Cavalcade (1935)
 Be Careful, Mr. Smith (1935)
 So You Won't Talk (1935)
 In the Soup (1936)

 Broken Blossoms (1936)
 Over She Goes (1938)
 Convict 99 (1938)
 Let's Make a Night of It (1938)
 Queer Cargo (1938)

 Hold My Hand (1938)
 Weddings Are Wonderful (1938)
 She Couldn't Say No (1939)
 Yes, Madam? (1939)
 Discoveries (1939)
 The Midas Touch'' (1940)

References

External links

1882 births
1953 deaths
20th-century English actresses
Actresses from Manchester
English film actresses
English stage actresses
Musical theatre actresses

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<mask>  (3 February 1878 – 27 May 1943) served as the 21st prime minister of New Zealand from 1925 to 1928. He was the third successive Reform prime minister since 1912. <mask> was a farmer before becoming a Member of Parliament, and he maintained a focus on farming interests throughout his political career. He was elected to Parliament in 1911, when he stood as an independent candidate. After distinguished service during World War I, he was appointed as Minister of Justice and Postmaster-General in the Reform government of William Massey (1919); he served as Minister of Public Works (1920–26) and Native Affairs (1921–28) and became prime minister in 1925 on Massey's death. Defeated in the elections of 1928, <mask> returned to government in 1931 as the key figure in the coalition government of George Forbes. Serving as Minister of Public Works (1931–33) and of Finance (1933–35), he instituted rigorous policies to combat the economic depression of the 1930s.He became a member of Peter Fraser's War Administration from 1940, serving as Minister of Armed Forces and War Co-ordination until his death. Early life
Born at Ruatuna in Hukatere in Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand, where his family ran a farm, <mask> took on significant responsibility at a relatively early age because his father suffered from bipolar disorder. He received a basic education at a local school, and his well-educated mother also tutored him. He became an accomplished horseman, although an accident left him with a bad leg for the rest of his life. The large Māori population of the area meant that <mask> grew up proficient in the Māori language. Gossip suggests that before his marriage, <mask> had two children by a Māori woman. He allegedly became engaged to Eva Ingall, a teacher, but her father forbade marriage on the grounds that the illness of <mask>' father might prove hereditary.Eventually, on 4 August 1914, he married Marguerite Grace Coles, better known as Marjorie Grace Coles, by whom he had five daughters. Early political career

While farming in Auckland, <mask> became active in farmers' organisations. He first became involved in politics through the Otamatea County Council, to which he won election in 1905. Later, from 1913 to 1916, he served as the Council's chairman. He had previously distinguished himself as commander of the Otamatea Mounted Rifle Volunteers, and had a good local reputation. In the 1911 election, <mask> won the Kaipara seat, having stood as an independent candidate aligned with the Liberal Party. In Parliament he generally voted with the Liberals, and formed part of the group that allowed Joseph Ward to keep his position as Prime Minister.When Ward resigned and Thomas Mackenzie replaced him, <mask> declined the offer of a ministerial position. Gradually, however, <mask> distanced himself from the Liberal Party — primarily because of his strong belief in freehold for farmers, which the Liberals generally opposed. <mask> had developed this belief due to his own experience with leasehold on his family's farm. When a vote of no confidence took place in 1912, <mask> voted against the Liberals, helping the opposition Reform Party come to power. By 1914, <mask> had formally joined Reform. He did not, however, act as a particularly partisan member, and made friends with politicians of many different political shades. His political activities  focused primarily on improving services for the Far North.At the outbreak of World War I, <mask> attempted to enlist for active service, but the Prime Minister, William Massey, dissuaded him from doing so by  — the Reform Party had only a tenuous majority. In November 1916, however, <mask> finally gained permission to join up — he served with considerable distinction, winning a Military Cross and bar. When he returned to New Zealand, many saw him as a hero, and on 2 September 1919 Massey appointed him to Cabinet as Minister of Justice, Postmaster-General, and Minister of Telegraphs. He later became Minister of Public Works and Minister of Railways. From March 1921, <mask> served as Minister of Native Affairs, where his knowledge of Māori proved a useful asset. He became a friend of Āpirana Ngata, and worked with him to help address Māori concerns. Premiership

<mask>' prominence gradually increased to the point where people saw him as a natural successor to Massey.When Massey died on 10 May 1925, Francis Bell became Prime Minister on an interim basis while the Party debated its leadership. On 30 May 1925 <mask> became Prime Minister, having defeated William Nosworthy in a caucus ballot. <mask> premiership was marked by an intention to develop the rural economy of New Zealand, from which he stemmed. To this goal, he dedicated a number of projects, such as the construction of the Kopu Bridge in the Coromandel Peninsula, which gave the local farmers better road access, and approving the construction of a Rotorua-Taupo railway which had long been sought after by settlers living between Rotorua and Taupo to open up the district. As the Great Depression loomed and New Zealand's economy began to deteriorate, <mask> and the Reform Party attracted considerable criticism. Albert Davy departed the party to help establish a Liberal revival known as the United Party. In the 1928 general election Reform and United Party won an equal number of parliamentary seats.With the backing of the Labour Party, United formed a government, and <mask> lost the premiership. Coalition

In 1931, the Labour Party withdrew its support from United, protesting about various economic measures which it regarded as hostile to workers. <mask> and the Reform Party subsequently agreed to form a coalition with United, preventing a general election in which Labour might have made significant gains. United's leader, George Forbes, remained Prime Minister, but <mask> and his Reform Party colleagues gained a number of significant posts. William Downie Stewart Jr, <mask>' colleague, became Minister of Finance. In the 1931 general election the United-Reform Coalition remained in power, although Labour increased its share of the vote. Economic problems persisted, however, and unemployment continued to rise.<mask> quarrelled with William Downie Stewart Jr over the government's response, and <mask> himself became Minister of Finance. The Prime Minister, George Forbes, became increasingly apathetic and disillusioned, and increasingly <mask> ran the government. Talk persisted about the emotional state of <mask>. In 1935, he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal. In the 1935 general election the coalition suffered a major defeat, winning only 19 seats: <mask> nearly lost Kaipara. The Labour Party, which had won 53 seats, formed its first government and Michael Joseph Savage became Prime Minister. Later political career

After the defeat of the coalition government, <mask> withdrew from public attention to a large extent.He experienced a period of financial difficulty resulting from the sudden loss of income, but his situation improved when a group of friends presented him with a large sum of money as thanks for his long service. When United and Reform merged to establish the National Party in May 1936, <mask> sat as a National MP. Some of his supporters urged him to seek the party's leadership, but others within the party believed that both <mask> and Forbes remained too closely associated with the country's economic problems, and that the new party needed fresh faces. Forbes supported Charles Wilkinson for the leadership, but <mask> and his supporters rejected this choice, going so far as to threaten a re-establishment of the Reform Party if it went through. Eventually, Adam Hamilton, a former Reform member, won the leadership ballot by one vote. With the outbreak of World War II, the Labour government invited both <mask> and Adam Hamilton to join a special War Cabinet. Their acceptance created a rift between them and their National Party colleagues — the Party replaced Hamilton as leader over the issue, and relations between <mask> and the new leader, Sidney Holland, deteriorated.<mask> strongly believed partisanship misplaced during the war, and attempted to convince both Labour and National to work together. He expressed pleasure when the two parties established a joint War Administration, with the War Cabinet serving as its executive body. The War Administration quickly collapsed, with National choosing to resign. <mask> and Adam Hamilton openly criticised National's decision, and the day after their resignation became effective, they rejoined the War Cabinet on the invitation by the Prime Minister, Peter Fraser. <mask> thus became an Independent, and he decided that he would contest the next election as an independent National candidate, not as the National Party's officially-nominated candidate. Death
<mask>' health, however, had begun to fail. He had smoked heavily for most of his life, and had also developed heart trouble.On 27 May 1943 he collapsed and died in his office in Wellington. The Labour Party eulogised him more strongly than did his National Party colleagues, although politicians from all sides of the House paid tribute to him. Legacy
<mask>' style lived on through his mentee Keith Holyoake, later Prime Minister himself (1957; 1960–72), who saw <mask> as his political role model. Both held each other in mutual admiration and respect and held shared views on opposition to socialism and state control while supporting individual freedom and private enterprise. Coatesville a small town in Auckland north of Albany was called Fernielea until 1926, when it was renamed after <mask>. Notes

References

Further reading
 (this volume contains a chapter on <mask>)

External links

The Prime Minister's message (1926)

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1878 births
1943 deaths
Reform Party (New Zealand) MPs
Independent MPs of New Zealand
New Zealand farmers
New Zealand finance ministers
Leaders of political parties in New Zealand
New Zealand foreign ministers
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand military personnel of World War I
New Zealand Anglicans
People from the Northland Region
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
New Zealand recipients of the Military Cross
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
People from the Kaipara District
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Candidates in the 1941 New Zealand general election

masks:
Joseph Gordon Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates
Coates


texts:
<mask> or Allyn (1608 in Norwich – 21 September 1673) was an East Anglian nonconformist minister and divine who preached during the 1640s in Charlestown, Massachusetts, but returned to England during the Commonwealth and was ejected after the Restoration. He was the author of various published works. Life
<mask> was the son of <mask>, a Norwich dyer. He was educated in Norwich and at Caius College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1625 and was scholar 1625-29, taking B.A. in 1627/28 and M.A. in 1631. Having received license and holy orders at Norwich in March 1633/34, he became minister of the parish church of St. Edmund's at Norwich, 1633-38.But he was too pronouncedly evangelical and outspoken. Bishop Matthew Wren silenced him in 1636, together with William Bridge and others, for refusing to read The Book of Sports. To New England
In 1638 <mask> passed over as a fugitive to New England. Admitted to the church of Boston on 11 January 1638/39, on 9 June following, at his own request and that of the church of Charlestown, he was dismissed from Boston, and was admitted to Charlestown on 22 December 1639 (O.S.). Then, or soon afterwards, he became Teacher, as the fellow-worker of Zechariah Symmes, pastor of Charlestown. In this capacity he succeeded John Harvard, who had died in September 1638 little more than a year after arriving in Charlestown. He is supposed to have married Harvard's widow, Anne, for he acted as administrator in the execution of Harvard's estate and paid his bequests.His recorded children were Mary (1639/40), Sarah (1641), Elizabeth (1643) and Mercy (1646), of whom only Mary survived infancy, and a son, <mask>. On 3 May 1639 <mask> received the large grant of 500 acres of land from the General Court, "in regard to Mr. Harvard's gift". Cotton Mather observed that he "approved himself a pious and painful minister of the Gospel at Charlestown", where he remained Teacher until 1651. In his first years in New England he witnessed the foundation of the town of Woburn. The texts of his sermons, not least his series upon the words of St John the Baptist in the closing verses of St John's Gospel, chapter 3, concern the doctrine of Justification by Faith. During this time also he conceived and developed his best-known work, A Chaine of Scripture Chronologie, which constructed a chronology of the history of the world, in seven periods down to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in 3968 Anno Mundi. Although not published until 1659 in London, the Epistle to <mask>'s book by William Greenhill (as quoted by Cotton Mather) states: "This work having had its conception in a remote corner of the world, it was latent in his closet, the greatest part of seven years... and it had still been suppressed, had not the author been pressed, and charged with hiding of a talent in a napkin, by... [Mr. John Cotton]."(John Cotton died in 1652). Greenhill remarks that its author, wearied with controversy, was glad to leave others to "dispute" while he should "compute": like  (he says with a flourish), malle se computare quam disputare. By his own introduction <mask> acknowledged that he owed much to other scholars, but declined to share their names with his readers. However, a copy preserved in the New England Library (Thomas Prince Collection, Boston Public Library) has the names of the authorities from whom he quoted written in his own hand. Return to Old England
<mask>'s wife Anne died in or soon after 1651. In that year he returned to Norwich in Old England, where he found a ministry as "preacher of the city" in St. George's parish. (He was not the rector of St. George's, Norwich.)On his return he wrote a letter (dated 8 November 1651 from Norwich) affirming the missionary work of John Eliot and <mask>w, jnr., as they had themselves told him of it, in preaching the gospel among the Native Americans. <mask> had not had the strength to follow that calling himself. In England <mask> remarried, to the widow of Robert Sedgwick. He was pastor of the congregational church in Norwich from 1657, but was ejected following the Act of Uniformity 1662. After this he preached there whenever opportunity arose. John Cromwell succeeded him as pastor, and Cromwell's successor, Martin Fynch, who knew <mask>, gave a character of him in his preface dated 1674 to a volume of <mask>'s sermons. He calls him a "burning and shining light": "he was an excellent preacher, plain and powerful in his doctrine, and though he was a learned man, yet he preached without all ostentation, he did not confound his hearers with obscure terms and fantastical expressions, but endeavoured to set forth the Truths of God in the most plain and convincing way to the consciences of men... Another thing that I would mention of this worthy man was his marvellous condescension in private discourses to his brethren in the ministry, who were much inferiour to him in age and gifts, not standing on his own great worth, never exalting himself, but preferring them above himself, hearing their judgements in any matter with as great reverence and respect as if they had been his superiors.Surely his humility was extraordinary, and a notable example to all that knew him." Fynch added:"As he was a Scribe instructed to the Kingdom of God in all points of the doctrine of religion, so he was expert in all questions about Church-discipline above many; for which he had been much advantaged by living so long in New-England, and having there such intimate acquaintance with those famous men Mr Bulkly, Mr Hooker, Mr Cotton, Mr Shephard, and others there, who lived in his heart when they were dead, and he delighted to speak, and to relate some remarkable passages of them." <mask> died on 21 September 1673. Fynch published a volume of his sermons in 1676, and a further collection in 1683. Writings
As editor:
 A Treatise of the Covenant of Grace, as it is dispensed to the elect seed, effectually unto salvation. Being the substance of divers sermons preached upon Act. 7.8. by that eminently holy and judicious man of God, Mr. John Cotton, teacher of the church at Boston in N.E., prepared for the press with an Epistle to the Reader by <mask> (London 1659). As author:
 A Chain of Scripture Chronology from the Creation of the World to the Death of Jesus Christ (London, 1659), with title piece by Wenceslaus Hollar. The Way of the Spirit in bringing Souls to Christ. Set forth in X. sermons on John XVI. 7, 8, 9, 10 and chap VII. 37, by <mask>, Minister of St. Edmond's Norwich (London, 1676). Editor's address by Martin Fynch.The Call of Christ unto Thirsty Sinners, to come to Him and drink of the waters of life (Three Sermons on John VII vs 37). This was first published in 1676 in The Way of the Spirit (above, Sermons VIII-X). Soon afterwards it was published separately in Boston, Massachusetts, with a foreword dated 1678 by John Higginson. This was retained in the Boston reprints of 1705 and 1709. The Glory of Christ Set Forth in several sermons from John III. 34, 35, 36 and V.25: with, The Necessity of Faith (London, 1683). Editor's address by Martin Fynch.Three sermons on John III vs 33, "He that hath received his Testimony, hath set to his seal that God is true", are in a small manuscript volume in the American Antiquarian Society, Mather family papers. References

Attribution

1608 births
1673 deaths
Clergy from Norwich
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
English Christian religious leaders
Ejected English ministers of 1662
Protestant writers
English religious writers
Chronologists
People of colonial Massachusetts
17th-century English male writers

masks:
Thomas Allen
Allen
John Allen
Allen
Thomas
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Thomas Mayhe
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Thomas Allen
Thomas Allen
Thomas Allen


texts:
<mask> (born June 28, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter, guitarist and record producer. A Californian, <mask> first achieved notice in the American psychedelic/desert rock group Green on Red, with whom he toured and recorded in the 1980s. He has also recorded a number of solo records, and gained prominence as a musician and songwriter. Life and work
<mask> was born in Whittier, California, United States, and calls San Francisco home. After recording one E.P. and eight albums with rock group Green on Red, he released his first solo record Brother Aldo on Fire Records in 1990. It was not released in the U.S. until 1997.He records and tours with his wife Stephanie Finch, who is a singer, keyboardist and guitarist. <mask> was signed to New West Records by Peter Jesperson in 2002. He made two records for New West: No Other Love and Age of Miracles. After years of mostly European and UK success, 2002’s No Other Love was a breakthrough record for <mask> stateside due to the success of the summer single "Summertime Thing" and endorsements from Lucinda Williams, who gave him the opening slot for her summer tour. <mask> was signed to Yep Roc Records in 2007. Recorded in San Francisco and Nashville, 2007's Soap and Water received critical praise. <mask> toured Europe and North America in support of the album and appeared with his band on the Late Show with David Letterman and Last Call with Carson Daly.To better motivate the various musicians and engineers who were involved in the production of this album, <mask> gave them a stake in the master recordings. <mask> has contributed to several Kelly Willis records, and produced 2007's Translated From Love for Rykodisc. Willis and <mask> co-wrote six of the album's tracks and <mask> played guitar throughout. Evangeline Recording Co. released a limited-edition work entitled Dreaming Waylon's Dreams, which he recorded in San Francisco. The record re-creates Waylon Jennings' 1975 country album Dreaming My Dreams in its entirety and features, among others, members of American Music Club and Meat Beat Manifesto. The package and booklet were printed by the legendary Bruce Licher (Savage Republic, Independent Music Project, REM fan club etc.) using a custom letterpress design on original stock.Included in the packaging is a recounting of the events surrounding the recording of the record by close friend John Murry (who also played on the record). Each piece was lovingly printed and numbered by hand on a circa 1930's printing press. Dreaming Waylon's Dreams is one of the rarest and most sought-after items in Prophet's discography. It is a limited edition of only 1000. Released by Rounder Records, in 2001, Raisins in the Sun was a one-off collaboration with Jules Shear, Harvey Brooks, Paul Q. Kolderie, Jim Dickinson, Sean Slade, and Winston Watson, recorded in May 1999. In 2008 <mask> co-wrote all the songs on Alejandro Escovedo's Real Animal, to which he also contributed guitar and vocals. The LP was recorded in Lexington, Kentucky and produced by noted producer Tony Visconti.In May 2009, <mask> along with a band of musicians including Ernest "Boom" Carter headed to Mexico City to record a collection of "political songs for non political people". ¡Let Freedom Ring! was released on October 27, 2009, on Yep Roc. Michael Hoinski of The Village Voice compared ¡Let Freedom Ring! to Bruce Springsteen's Born in the U.S.A., citing the recordings as "albums that manifest patriotism through disenchantment, and both rely heavily on marginalized characters to expose socioeconomic woes." In January 2011, he formed the Spanish Bombs along with Chris Von Sneidern and San Francisco rhythm section The Park. The Spanish Bombs performed The Clash's LP London Calling in its entirety at the Actual Music Festival in Spain.This special project came at the invitation of curators Houston Party. This festival show was followed by a 12-date tour of Spain. February 7, 2012, was the release date of the Temple Beautiful CD, a "nuanced, insightful and passionate ode to San Francisco" on Yep Roc Records. It was met with positive reviews scoring 82 on Metacritic. The title track, "Temple Beautiful" (featuring Roy Loney of the Flamin' Groovies), was proclaimed "Coolest Song in the World" on Little Stevens Underground Garage. On March 3, 2013, <mask> played a Benefit Concert at The Great American Music Hall for Tom Mallon, a producer who documented much of the San Francisco Punk scene and went on to produce the early American Music Club records. (Mallon at that time had a brain tumor, which he died of in 2014.)Members of many seminal San Francisco bands played as well including members of American Music Club, Frightwig, Ugly Stick, Flying Color. On September 23, 2014, <mask> released Night Surfer on Yep Roc Records. The album was met with positive reviews, including a three-and-a-half out of five star rating from All Music Guide. On February 10, 2017, <mask> released Bobby Fuller Died For Your Sins. The album was given four out of five stars from All Music Guide. On February 19, 2017, he appeared on the BBC Sunday morning political show The Andrew Marr Show singing "Bad Year For Rock and Roll," one of the standout tracks from his latest album Bobby Fuller Died For Your Sins. In 2018, <mask> was tapped to co-write and produce a new LP for The Rubinoos.The album, From Home, released in 2019, was recorded at Hyde Street Studios in San Francisco, formerly Wally Heider Studios, where the group made some of its first recordings. Songwriter
In 1996, <mask> was signed to Funzalo Music BMG Publishing and spent much of 1997 in Nashville as a staff writer. He has gone on to have his compositions and co-writes recorded by many artists including Alejandro Escovedo, Bruce Springsteen, Solomon Burke, Heart, Michael Grimm, Kim Carnes, Peter Wolf, Kim Richey, Carter's Chord, Jace Everett, Arc Angels, Penelope Houston, Latin Soul Syndicate, Micky & the Motorcars, Peter Mulvey, Bun E. Carlos, Mark Erelli, Mofro, Kevin Bowe, Calvin Russell, Ryan Hamilton, Chris Knight and Kelly Willis. He has toured with Memphis producer and pianist Jim Dickinson, who recorded <mask>'s "Hungry Town". In Nashville, Tennessee, <mask> and songwriter Kim Richey penned "I'm Gone", a top-40 country hit in 2002 for singer Cyndi Thomson. References in popular culture
 The song "No Other Love" was covered by the rock group Heart at the suggestion of Cameron Crowe. It was also featured in an episode of the television series The L Word, and in the film P.S.I Love You. In 2011, it was recorded by Michael Grimm, the winner of America's Got Talent, and included on his Don Was-produced debut CD. <mask>'s father appears briefly in the 1955 film Blackboard Jungle. He appears as an actor playing "The Connection" in Revolution Summer, a film directed by Miles Matthew Montalbano and produced by Jonathan Richman. "You Did (Bomp Shooby Doobie Bomp)" was contributed as the theme song to the film Teeth. "You Did" was also featured in the closing credits of the HBO series True Blood episode "Keep This Party Going" (S02E02). The songs "Leave the Window Open" and "Love Won't Keep Us Apart," the latter co-written with klipschutz are featured in the FX program Sons of Anarchy.The song "Holding On" was featured in Californication

The Mission Express
The "Mission Express" is a bus line that runs through <mask>'s neighborhood and is the name of his current band. The line-up:
Stephanie Finch: (singing, Vox organ, piano, guitar)
Kevin White: (bass guitar)
Vicente Rodriguez: (drums, vocals)
James DePrato: (guitar, lap steel)

Former members:
Kyle Caprista: (drums, vocals) 2012–2013
Paul Taylor: (drums, vocals) -2012

Selected discography

Solo
 1990: Brother Aldo (Fire / Rough Trade)
 1992: Balinese Dancer (China / Homestead)
 1995: Feast of Hearts (China)
 1997: Homemade Blood (Cooking Vinyl)
 1999: The Hurting Business (Cooking Vinyl)
 2000: Homemade Boot (Live At Roskilde June 29 1997) (Corduroy)
 2000: Turn the Pigeons Loose (Live In San Francisco 2000) (Cooking Vinyl) released 2004
 2002: No Other Love (New West / Blue Rose)
 2004: Age of Miracles (New West / Blue Rose)
 2007: Soap and Water (Cooking Vinyl / Yep Roc)
 2007  Dreaming Waylon's Dreams (Evangeline)
 2009: ¡Let Freedom Ring!

masks:
Charles William Prophet
Prophet
Chuck Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet
Prophet


texts:
<mask> (born May 5, 1989) is a Canadian ice hockey goaltender currently playing for the Montréal section of the PWHPA. She is also a member of the Canada women's national ice hockey team with whom she has won gold medals at both the Olympic Games and IIHF World Championships. In the Canadian Women's Hockey League, she is a two-time Clarkson Cup winner. <mask> was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Kingston, Ontario. Education
Lacasse attended many high schools. In order of attendance: École Secondaire Catholique Marie-Rivier in Kingston, Ontario, College Charles-Lemoyne in Ville Ste-Catherine Quebec, École secondaire de Mortagne in Boucherville Quebec, Kingston Collegial and Vocational Institute in Kingston, Ontario, Lake Forest Academy Chicago, and graduated from Marian High School Detroit. Thereafter, she enrolled at Providence College where she completed her first degree.Presently she is studying for a master in Marketing. Playing career
Lacasse won a bronze medal with the Kingston Ice Wolves at the OWHA provincial championship (Midget AA) in 2005. In 2007–08, Lacasse competed for Detroit Little Caesars (Midget AAA), and won a silver medal at the 2008 USA Nationals. Providence
On October 29, 2010, Lacasse stopped 40 shots in a 2–2 tie against No. 5 Boston University, including three in overtime. The goalie made several quality saves, including on a partial breakaway in the first period by Terrier Jenn Wakefield. She stopped 14 shots in the opening period and 13 in the third frame.During October 2010, Lacasse had a 1.64 GAA and a .949 save percentage. These numbers were complemented by two shutouts. In addition, she accumulated a league-high 281 saves. In two games, she had over 40 saves. For the week beginning January 14, 2011, Lacasse made a total of 86 saves (.977 save%) in wins against No. 7 Boston College and No. 9 Northeastern.On January 19, she matched a career-best 51 stops against the Eagles at Schneider Arena. The Friars penalty kill was a perfect 7-for-7 during the two matches. On March 5, 2011, Lacasse would break the record set by Florence Schelling earlier in the day for most saves in a Hockey East tournament game with 58. On January 28 and 29, 2012, Lacasse stopped 51 of 53 shots in a Friars sweep of the Connecticut Huskies. With the two victories, Lacasse surpassed Jana Bugden as the Friars all-time wins leader with 59. Her shutout on January 28 was the 17th of her Friars career, a new record. On Friday, February 17, 2012, Providence skated to a 0–0 tie against the #7 Northeastern Huskies.The Friars have clinched at least fourth-place in the Hockey East standings, with home ice advantage for quarterfinal play. Both goaltenders, <mask> of Providence and Florence Schelling of Northeastern stopped 80 shots combined through three periods and overtime. Lacasse stopped 42 shots while Schelling logged 38 stops. With the shutout, Lacasse earned the 18th of her NCAA career, a Providence school record. Following the 2012 Hockey East tournament, Lacasse was named to the All-Tournament Team after playing over 179 minutes of playoff hockey without allowing a goal. Upon graduation, Lacasse set Providence College recordsin four categories. Said categories included: victories (64), games (127), saves (3,482) and shutouts (20).Hockey Canada
Lacasse was named to Canada's 2014 Olympic roster. In the 2011 MLP Cup, Lacasse earned a shutout in a 5–0 defeat of Switzerland on January 4. Prior to the match, she had made 57 consecutive starts for the Friars. Lacasse earned a shutout in the gold medal game of the 2011 MLP Cup, as Canada prevailed over Sweden by a 6–0 mark. In the third game of the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, Lacasse earned a shutout in an 11–0 triumph over Slovakia. By being named to the Team Canada roster for the 2012 IIHF Women's Worlds, Lacasse became the 19th skater from Providence to compete in the World Championships, while being the first to dress for Team Canada. Boston Blades
During the 2012–13 CWHL season, Lacasse was the regular season goaltending champion.For her efforts, she would win the CWHL Most Outstanding Goaltender Award. In the postseason, she would help the Boston Blades become the 2013 Clarkson Cup champions. On August 27, 2016, the Calgary Inferno acquired <mask> from the Boston Blades, completing the trade that sent Tara Watchorn to the Blades in the summer of 2014. Les Canadiennes de Montreal
On July 12, 2018, Lacasse was acquired by Les Canadiennes de Montreal, along with forward Jillian Saulnier.

masks:
Geneve Lacasse
Lacasse
Genevieve Lacasse
Lacasse


texts:
<mask> (31 December 1552 – 5 or 12 September 1611) was an Elizabethan astrologer, occultist and herbalist active in London during the reigns of Queen Elizabeth I and James I of England. His reputation, however, was severely tarnished after his death when he was implicated in the plot to kill Sir Thomas Overbury. Astrologers continued to revere him, while writers from Ben Jonson to Nathaniel Hawthorne came to characterize him as either a fool or an evil magician in league with the Devil. Life

<mask> was born in Quidhampton, Fugglestone St Peter, near Salisbury, Wiltshire, on 31 December 1552. At the age of nine he went to a free school in the Salisbury area but was forced to leave after two years following the death of his father on 31 December 1563. For the next ten years of his life he was apprenticed to Matthew Commin, a local merchant. Commin traded in cloth, salt and herbal medicines, and it was during his time as a young apprentice that Forman started to learn about herbal remedies.After arguments with Mrs Commin, <mask> found his apprenticeship terminated, and he eventually went to study at Oxford as a poor scholar. He then spent a year and a half at Magdalen College, Oxford, where he may have become interested in medicine and astrology. Through the 1570s and 1580s Forman worked as a teacher while studying the occult arts. In the early 1590s he moved to London starting up a practice as a physician in Philpot Lane. Having survived an outbreak of the plague in 1592 his medical reputation began to spread. In 1597 a Buckinghamshire clergyman named Richard Napier (1559 – 1634) became his protégé. In the 1590s <mask> began to develop a more serious interest in the occult eventually setting up a thriving practice as an astrologer physician, documented in his detailed casebooks of his clients' questions about illness, pregnancy, stolen goods, career opportunities and marriage prospects.His success and his methods attracted the attention of the College of Physicians (now the Royal College of Physicians) who attempted to ban him from medical practice. He eventually obtained a license to practice from the University of Cambridge in 1603. With a notable sexual appetite, Forman pursued numerous women. He wrote of his conquests in his diaries, showing as little regard for the background of his inamoratas as for the location of consummation. Many of his clients provided brief affairs. He wrote of having his first sex with his "beloved" on "15/12/1593, 5:00 PM, London." Then writing after "She died 13/6/1597."On 22 July 1599, Forman wed seventeen-year-old Jane Baker. Having never been content with just one woman, the marriage sadly, "did not make much difference to (his) way of life, except that he had an inexperienced girl now as mistress of the house; he continued to be master". In 1611, he accurately predicted his own death on the River Thames. Another astrologer, William Lilly, reports that one warm Sunday afternoon in September of that year, Forman told his wife that he would die the following Thursday night (12 September). And, sure enough:

Monday came, all was well. Tuesday came, he not sick. Wednesday came, and still he was well; with which his impertinent wife did much twit him in his teeth.Thursday came, and dinner was ended, he very well: he went down to the water-side, and took a pair of oars to go to some buildings he was in hand with in Puddle-dock. Being in the middle of the Thames, he presently fell down, only saying, 'An impost, an impost,' and so died. A most sad storm of wind immediately following. Five years after his death he was implicated in the murder of Thomas Overbury when two of his patients, Lady Frances Howard and Mrs Anne Turner, were found guilty of the crime. During the testimony of Howard's trial, lawyers hurled accusations at Forman, claiming that he had given Lady Essex the potion with which she plotted to kill Overbury. During the trial he was described by Sir Edward Coke, Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench as the "Devil Forman"; the result being that his reputation was severely tarnished. Work

Forman's papers have proven to be a treasure trove of rare, odd, unusual data on one of the most studied periods of cultural history.They include autobiographies, guides to astrology, plague tracts, alchemical commonplace books and notes on biblical and historical subjects. They also contain his disputes with the College of Physicians and his largely unsuccessful magical experiments. At one time he possessed the copy of the Picatrix currently in the British Library. Forman left behind a large body of manuscripts dealing with his patients and with all the subjects that interested him, from astronomy and astrology to medicine, mathematics, and magic. His Casebooks are the most famous of these resources. They, like his diaries and autobiographies, contain extensive details of his life. His only printed work was a pamphlet advertising a bogus method for divining longitude while at sea.His intimate knowledge of Shakespeare's circle makes him especially attractive to literary historians. Modern scholars—A. L. Rowse is one prominent example, and others have followed his lead—have exploited <mask>'s manuscripts for the manifold lights they throw on the less-exposed private lives of Elizabethan and Jacobean men and women. One of <mask>'s patients was the poet Emilia Lanier, Rowse's candidate to have been Shakespeare's Dark Lady; another patient was Mrs Mountjoy, Shakespeare's landlady. Sixty-four volumes of his manuscripts were collected by Elias Ashmole in the seventeenth century, and are now held in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. His records have been digitised by a team led by Professor Lauren Kassell of the University of Cambridge. The "Book of Plays"

Among <mask>'s manuscripts is a section titled the "Bocke of Plaies," which records Forman's descriptions of four plays he saw in 1610-11 and the morals he drew from them.The document is noteworthy for the listing of three Shakespearean performances: Macbeth at the Globe Theatre on 20 April 1610; The Winter's Tale at the Globe on 15 May 1611; and Cymbeline, date and theatre not specified. The fourth play described by Forman is a Richard II acted at the Globe on 30 April 1611; but from the description it is clearly not Shakespeare's Richard II. The manuscript was first described by John Payne Collier in 1836, and in the 20th century it was suspected as one of his forgeries. Most modern scholars now accept the section as authentic, but some still suspect it could be a forgery. References in fiction
<mask> is the protagonist of the Elizabethan mystery series by Judith Cook, The Casebook of Dr <mask>—Elizabethan doctor and solver of mysteries. The novels are based on the original casebook manuscripts, and contain a mix of historical and fictional characters. Dr Moth, a role loosely based on Forman, is played by Antony Sher in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love.<mask>'s life and work form the basis of the 2019 video game Astrologaster. Notes

References
Judith Cook, Blood on the Borders: The Casebook of Dr. <mask>–Elizabethan Doctor and Solver of Mysteries, London, Headline, 1999. Judith Cook, Dr. <mask>: A Most Notorious Physician, London, Chatto & Windus, 2001. Lauren Kassell, Medicine and Magic in Elizabethan London: <mask>, Astrologer, Alchemist, and Physician, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005. Barbara Howard Traister, The Notorious Astrological Physician of London: Works and Days of <mask>, Chicago and London, University of Chicago Press, 2001. External links

 Extracts from Forman's Metrical Autobiography with other notes (published 1853). Lauren Kassell, Michael Hawkins, Robert Ralley, John Young, Joanne Edge, Janet Yvonne Martin-Portugues and Natalie Kaoukji (eds.), The casebooks of <mask> and Richard Napier, 1596–1634: a digital edition. 1552 births
1611 deaths
English astrologers
16th-century astrologers
17th-century astrologers
English occultists
People from Salisbury
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
16th-century English medical doctors
17th-century English medical doctors

masks:
Simon Forman
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Simon Forman
Simon Forman
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Simon Forman
Simon Forman
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Simon Forman


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Rear Admiral <mask> (18 January 1833 – 1 January 1897) was an officer in the United States Navy. He participated in one of the most successful actions of the African Slave Trade Patrol, fought in the American Civil War, twice played a prominent role in the history of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and served as commander of the Pacific and Asiatic Squadrons. He had the reputation of being the best navigator in the U.S. Navy in his day. Naval career

<mask>t was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, on 18 January 1833. As a child, he was a schoolmate of Lucy Webb, who later would become First Lady of the United States as the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes, and the two were lifelong friends. Early career

<mask>t was appointed as a midshipman on 12 October 1848. At the time, the United States Naval Academy curriculum required more years spent at sea than on shore at the school itself, and he went to sea immediately.During his midshipman years <mask>t was attached to the frigate  in the Mediterranean Squadron from 1848 to 1852 and to the sloop-of-war  off the west coast of Africa from 1852 to 1854, serving as navigator and officer of the watch on the two ships. He graduated from the academy in 1853 at the head of his class, being promoted to passed midshipman on 15 June 1854. He then served at the Naval Academy until 1855, and was promoted to master on 15 September 1855 and to lieutenant the following day. <mask>t served aboard the flagship of the Home Squadron, the frigate , from 1855 to 1856, then aboard the sloop-of-war  in the Brazil Squadron from 1856 to 1859. Later in 1859, he was on the bark , serving as a stores ship in the North Atlantic Squadron. African Slave Trade Patrol

From 1860 to 1862, <mask>t was assigned to the sloop-of-war  off the coast of Africa, and participated in the African Slave Trade Patrol. During his tour, Saratoga seized the slave ship Nightingale at the mouth of the Congo River at Cabinda on the night of 20–21 April 1861, freeing 961 African slaves.He was promoted to lieutenant commander on 16 July 1862. American Civil War

While <mask>t was aboard Saratoga, the American Civil War broke out in April 1861. Eager to see action in the conflict, <mask>t requested a transfer that would allow him to see combat. United States Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles, however, suspected that the sympathies of <mask>t's wife, the former Margaret Love Taylor (18 April 1838–28 November 1905), might lie with the Confederate States of America, and so he refused to place <mask>t in a combat position. <mask>t transferred to the Washington Navy Yard in Washington, D.C., in 1862 to serve as ordnance officer, but was so eager to get into action that he asked to be allowed to resign from the Navy and join a battery of artillery from Ohio. Welles threatened him with imprisonment at Fort Mifflin if he did not withdraw his resignation, and <mask>t remained on duty at the navy yard. In 1863, Welles relented and allowed <mask>t to be assigned to the screw sloop , which participated in the Union blockade of Wilmington, North Carolina, and in hunting Confederate States Navy ships raiding merchant shipping in the West Indies.He then transferred to the gunboat  in the Western Gulf Squadron, which was enforcing the Union blockade of Confederate ports in Texas. Aboard Aroostook, he finally saw action on 27 June 1864 during combat against Confederate forts at the mouth of the Brazos River in Texas. He served aboard Aroostook in Texas waters through the end of the war in 1865. Apprenticeship system
After leaving Aroostook, <mask>t did much to establish a system of apprenticeship in the U.S. Navy. He was assigned to the Naval Rendezvous in Washington, D.C., from 1866 to 1867 and was promoted to commander on 9 June 1867. He then was the commanding officer of the sloop-of-war , operating as an apprentice ship, from 1867 to 1868 before serving as head of the department of seamanship  at the U.S. Naval Academy from 1868 to 1872.While at the academy, he commanded the sloops-of-war  and USS Saratoga on two practice cruises. Surveying the Pacific
From 1872 to 1875, <mask>t commanded USS Portsmouth on a lengthy surveying voyage in the Pacific Ocean, which Portsmouth reached by steaming around Cape Horn, during which she encountered one of the worst storms ever experienced there, enduring 27 days of severe weather and drifting so far south that some of her men suffered frostbite. In the Pacific, Portsmouth operated as far north as the Territory of Alaska – where <mask>t rendered assistance to an Inuit settlement – and made the first accurate surveys of many parts of the Pacific for which accurate charts had been lacking, and the voyage was regarded at the time as one of the most conspicuous and successful in U.S. Navy history. <mask>t suffered problems with his eyesight during the voyage, and never fully regained his vision. During her long Pacific surveying voyage, Portsmouth arrived at Honolulu in the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1874, joining the sloop-of-war  and the Royal Navy corvette  there. <mask>t impressed other ship captains by bringing Portsmouth safely to her mooring without the help of a trained pilot, a feat previously thought impossible in Honolulu Harbor. An Imperial Russian Navy admiral who witnessed the exploit sent <mask>t a letter complimenting him on the achievement.Hawaii's King Lunalilo had died on 3 February 1874, and when the Hawaiian legislature met on 12 February to elect a new monarch, supporters of Queen Emma rioted when King Kalakaua was elected. The U.S. minister to Hawaii, H. A. Pierce, had anticipated trouble and established a pre-arranged signal for <mask> and the commanding officer of Tuscarora, Commander George Belknap, to put United States Marines ashore to quell any disturbance. After the Hawaiian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Charles Reed Bishop, requested assistance in putting down the riot, 150 Marines from Portsmouth and Tuscarora joined a landing party of 70 men from Tenedos in dispersing the rioters and securing government buildings without bloodshed, and Kalakaua ascended the throne without further violence. Hayes administration

Portsmouth returned from the Pacific voyage by again rounding Cape Horn and proceeding to New York City, arriving there in 1875. <mask>t then served a second tour at the Washington Navy Yard from 1875 to 1878, was promoted to captain on 5 June 1878, and was a lighthouse inspector in the First District in Maine from 1878 to 1881. His friendship with Lucy Webb Hayes made him a welcome visitor at the White House throughout the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes (4 March 1877–4 March 1881), and at one point President Hayes offered to make him a bureau chief in the United States Department of the Navy.With what was described as characteristic modesty, <mask>t declined on the grounds that he was too junior in rank for the position. Asiatic Squadron and Samoa

<mask>t returned to sea in 1881 as commanding officer of the flagship of the Asiatic Squadron, the steam sloop-of-war . Assuming command of Richmond at the Isthmus of Panama, he took her under orders of the Department of the Navy to Apia, Samoa, where he settled troubles the United States Consul was experiencing and began negotiations for the establishment of a coaling station at Pago Pago. He succeeded to command of the Asiatic Squadron in October 1883, and played a conspicuous role in protecting American interests in Indochina during the Sino-French War. Naval Asylum and navy yard duty

Relinquishing command of the Asiatic Squadron in 1884, <mask>t moved on to a tour at the Philadelphia Naval Asylum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from 1884 to 1888, serving as its governor from 1886 to 1888. He then was a member of the Naval Advisory Board during 1889 and was promoted to commodore on 4 August 1889. He then went on to be commandant of the Portsmouth Navy Yard in Kittery, Maine, from 1889 to 1890 and of the Washington Navy Yard from September 1890 to December 1892.Pacific and Asiatic Squadrons

<mask>'s next assignment was command of the Pacific Squadron in Honolulu, where he immediately became involved in unrest in the Kingdom of Hawaii again when revolutionaries overthrew Hawaii's last reigning monarch, Queen Liliuokalani, on 17 January 1893, with the assistance of the U.S. minister to Hawaii, John L<mask>, and a landing party from the protected cruiser . The raising of the United States flag in Honolulu to establish American protection of the islands spurred international opposition and the British and Japanese each sent a warship to Honolulu. Over the next several weeks, the new Provisional Government of Hawaii, consisting mostly of American residents of the islands, sought annexation by the United States, but shortly after assuming office on 4 March 1893, President Grover Cleveland, who disapproved of the overthrow, dispatched James H. Blount as a special envoy to Hawaii with authority to act on Cleveland's behalf. Blount ordered <mask>t to have the American flag hauled down on 1 April 1893 and directed that the provisional government receive no further U.S. government support. <mask>t wrote favorably about the new government on 25 July 1894, but was reminded not to favor it over others contending to govern the islands. Perhaps because he favored the provisional government, <mask>t suddenly and unexpectedly was relieved of command of the Pacific Squadron by John Irwin and replaced Irwin in command of the Asiatic Squadron, which <mask>t assumed on 30 October 1883. <mask>t was promoted to rear admiral on 16 April 1894.His mandatory retirement from the Navy upon reaching the age of 62 was scheduled for 18 January 1895, but he voluntarily requested an earlier retirement based on time in service in order to make room for Commodore <mask>. Fyffe to be promoted to rear admiral before Fyffe's mandatory retirement at age 62 on 26 July 1894. <mask>t thus was placed on the retired list early, on 9 July 1894, allowing Fyffe to be promoted to rear admiral shortly before his own mandatory retirement. Retirement and death

In retirement, <mask>t resided in Washington, D.C., where he died of what was diagnosed as "paralysis" at midnight on 1 January 1897. He is buried with his wife and daughter, Edith W<mask> (8 November 1879–4 November 1956), at Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Gallery

See also

Notes

References
Naval History and Heritage Command: Officers of the Continental and U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1775-1900. Anonymous, "Named To Be Rear Admiral: Eventful and Varied Career of 'Sailor Joe' <mask>t," The New York Times, April 19, 1894. Anonymous, "A Ladder to Flag Rank," The New York Times, September 10, 1894.Anonymous. "<mask>t Dead: The Distinguished Naval Officer Passes Away in Washington." The New York Times, January 2, 1897. Alexander, William deWitt. History of Later Years of the Hawaiian Monarchy...and the Revolution of 1893. Honolulu, Hawaii: Hawaiian Gazette Company, 1896. Hamersly, Lewis Randolph.The Records of Living Officers of the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, Fifth Edition, Philadelphia: L. R. Hamersly & Company, 1894. 1833 births
1897 deaths
People from Chillicothe, Ohio
United States Navy admirals
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Academy faculty
Union Navy officers
People of Ohio in the American Civil War
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery

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<mask><mask> (; born December 25, 1950) is an American attorney and retired American football official. He has served as an attorney at Jones, Skelton & Hochuli, P.L.C. since 1983, and was an official in the National Football League (NFL) from 1990 to 2017; his uniform number was 85. Prior to his officiating career, he played college football for four seasons at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). Hochuli worked numerous playoff games, including two Super Bowls. He is best known for his athletic/muscular physique (height: ; weight: ), and for explaining on-field rulings in a manner that is comprehensive yet also clear and concise. In a poll conducted by ESPN in 2008, Hochuli tied fellow referee Mike Carey for "best referee" votes (eight each) among NFL head coaches.In his 28th season in the league and 26th as a referee (crew chief) with the 2017 NFL season, <mask>'s officiating crew consisted of umpire Shawn Smith, down judge Greg Bradley, line judge Rusty Baynes, field judge Dale Shaw, side judge Alex Kemp, and back judge Scott Helverson. After the retirements of Gerald Austin and Larry Nemmers following the 2007 season, <mask> became the NFL's longest-tenured referee for the next decade. He announced his own retirement in March 2018. The following year, his son <mask> — previously a referee in the Arena Football League and a back judge in the NFL — was promoted to referee. Personal life

Early life
<mask> was born on December 25, 1950, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and lived there until age eight before his family moved to Tucson, Arizona. He was the second child of six. He attended and later graduated from Canyon del Oro High School in the Tucson suburb of Oro Valley, Arizona in 1969.During his high school years, he participated in football (earning all-state honors twice), basketball, wrestling, and track. He attributes his competitive nature to having an older brother, Chip Hochuli. <mask> told Referee in a 2004 interview, "I was somebody who wanted to be good and I wanted my brother to be proud of me, and I wanted my parents to be proud of me." Following high school, he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree with honors from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1972. While at UTEP, Hochuli played linebacker on the school's football team from 1969 to 1972. As a football player, he earned All-Western Athletic Conference academic honors in 1972. His father, <mask>, was involved with law as a wills and estate planner, which influenced <mask>li to pursue a career in law.He earned his Juris Doctor from the University of Arizona Law School in 1976. While in law school, Hochuli served as a law clerk for two years under United States District Judge Carl Muecke. Upon completion of his education, <mask> was admitted to the State Bar of Arizona. <mask> resides in the Phoenix metropolitan area with his wife Cathie. They have six children and 10 grandchildren. Of the six, Shawn Hochuli played college football at Pitzer College and is following his father's profession as an official, working his first NFL season in 2014 as a side judge, Arena Football League, and arenafootball2 games. On August 13, 2011, a day after his father refereed a preseason game between the New England Patriots and Jacksonville Jaguars, Shawn was head referee for ArenaBowl XXIV between the Jacksonville Sharks and Arizona Rattlers.<mask> owns Hochuli Design & Remodeling Team., a company that specializes in residential design and construction in the Phoenix area. He is married to Lorrie <mask> and has two daughters: Devan and Ryann. His brother, <mask>, is the town attorney for Sahuarita, Arizona, and his brother <mask> is a judge at the Pima County Juvenile Court in Tucson, Arizona. Attorney

<mask> is a trial lawyer and a partner in the Arizona law firm of Jones, Skelton and Hochuli, P.L.C. since it was founded in 1983. The firm started with five partners and seven associates, and has expanded to over 80 attorneys. Hochuli specializes in civil litigation in the areas of Bad Faith and Extra-Contractual Liability, Complex Litigation, Insurance Coverage and Fraud, Legal Malpractice and Professional Liability, Product Liability Defense, Trucking and Transportation Industry Defense, and Wrongful Death and Personal Injury Defense, and claims to be involved in 200 cases at any time.Hochuli finds interest in trying cases, calling it an "adrenaline rush" and adding, "You love that challenge – the competition, if you will – of it. It's a game. It's obviously a very important game to people, and I don't mean to diminish the importance of it. ... You have to follow these rules, and there's a win-or-lose outcome. You're on a stage." He is admitted to practice in Arizona state and federal courts and the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. His recognition as an attorney includes being named Best Lawyers in America since 2003 and Southwest Super Lawyers in 2007.Super Lawyers includes only the top five percent of lawyers in a state based on point totals, as chosen by peers and through independent research by Law & Politics. Comparing his law and officiating professions, he says "A trial is nothing, pressure-wise, compared to the NFL. … I have that long [snaps his fingers] to make a decision with a million people watching and second-guessing (by video) in slow-motion. You've got to be right or wrong. I love the satisfaction when you are right — and the agony when you are wrong." Hochuli finds similarities between the football field and courtroom saying, "On the football field, people like that I'm in charge and know what I'm doing, but a lot of the time, it's just appearance. I'm going to sell you on my decision.It's the same in the courtroom. You don't stand in front of a jury and say, 'I think my client is innocent.' You say, 'We're right!'" Officiating career

Early years
Hochuli began officiating Pop Warner football games as a law student to earn additional income, which was suggested by one of his former high school coaches as "a way to stay in touch with the game". His interest in officiating carried over into baseball, where he was a Little League Baseball umpire from 1970 to 1973. Progressing to the high school level in 1973, he focused on football, and officiated games in the Tucson area until 1985. In addition to high school officiating, he worked college football games for the Big Sky Conference and Pacific-10 Conference as a line judge during the 1980s.NFL career
<mask> was hired by the NFL in 1990 as a back judge after applying to the league before the 1989 NFL season. His first game in the league was on August 11, 1990, at Lambeau Field in Green Bay, Wisconsin. During his first two years in the league, he was assigned to the officiating crew headed by referee Howard Roe. To gain additional experience as a back judge and eventually a referee, <mask> participated in the NFL's partnership with the World League of American Football (WLAF), a spring developmental league, in 1991 and 1992. Using his experience in the WLAF, as well as the organization, precision, and analytical skills he learned while working under Roe's guidance, <mask> desired to become a crew chief in the NFL. He was promoted to referee in 1992 when longtime referee Stan Kemp was diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease and forced to retire. Hochuli had worked a pre-season game that year in Tokyo, Japan, as a back judge when he received a telephone call following the game from then-Senior Director of Officiating, Jerry Seeman.Seeman asked <mask> to work as referee for the first time when the Denver Broncos hosted the Cincinnati Bengals in a pre-season game. Since becoming a referee, <mask> headed the officiating crews for Super Bowl XXXII and Super Bowl XXXVIII, and he was selected as an alternate for Super Bowl XXXI, Super Bowl XXXVII, and Super Bowl XXXIX. In addition to working two Super Bowls, he has officiated five conference championship games as of the start of the 2007 NFL season. Every officiating game performance is graded by the league each week. These grades determine which officials are assigned playoff games, as well as the Super Bowl. <mask> credits his mentor, Jerry Markbreit, a four-time Super Bowl referee, as the greatest influence on his career. In his second year as referee, he worked the 1993 Thanksgiving Day game between the Dallas Cowboys and Miami Dolphins in Irving, Texas.During the final moments of the game, Miami placekicker Pete Stoyanovich had a field goal attempt blocked. The Cowboys' Leon Lett inadvertently touched the loose ball before the Dolphins' Jeff Dellenbach pounced on it. At the time, <mask> had "no idea" what happened during the play and had to confer with three other officials to piece together the sequence of events. With the information gathered from the officials, he ruled that Miami retained possession of the football. Stoyanovich booted the ensuing winning field goal for the Miami win. <mask> was referee for the 1999 AFC Divisional Playoff between the Miami Dolphins and Jacksonville Jaguars; it was the final game in the careers of Dan Marino and Jimmy Johnson as the Jaguars won 62–7. <mask> was referee in the 2003 Divisional Playoffs between the Packers and the Eagles.On October 2, 2005, he officiated the first regular-season NFL game played outside the United States when the Arizona Cardinals played the San Francisco 49ers in Mexico City, Mexico as part of the league's "Fútbol Americano" marketing campaign. On the first penalty announcement of the game, Hochuli gave the explanation in Spanish to pay respect to the host city and country. Jeff Bergman joined Hochuli for the wild card bout between the San Diego Chargers and New York Jets on January 8, 2005. Hochuli officiated the first regular season game at University of Phoenix Stadium on September 10, 2006, when the Cardinals hosted the 49ers. He was the referee for the game between the Detroit Lions and Green Bay Packers, played December 17, 2006, that included Green Bay quarterback Brett Favre becoming the all-time leader for pass completions among quarterbacks in the NFL. Favre was unaware that his 4,968 pass completions were a record until he was informed during the game by Hochuli. <mask> was the referee again for another Favre record-breaking moment when Favre threw his 421st touchdown pass of his career on September 30, 2007 at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota to break the record previously held by Dan Marino.He also reffed the Week 17 game in 2008 in which the Lions became the first of two NFL teams so far to go 0–16 in a season, with the other being the 2017 Browns. One of <mask>'s notable explanations came during a 2007 regular season game between the San Diego Chargers and New England Patriots. While nullifying a holding infraction, he announced through his microphone, "There was no foul on the play. It was not a hold. The defender was just overpowered." On September 14, 2008, <mask> officiated a game between the San Diego Chargers and the Denver Broncos. He made an incorrect call with 1:17 left in the game, while Denver was in possession of the ball at the San Diego one-yard line and they were trailing the Chargers by seven points.On a second-down play, Denver quarterback Jay Cutler fumbled the ball, and it was recovered by San Diego linebacker Tim Dobbins. <mask> blew his whistle during the play, signaling that the play was dead and ruling an incomplete pass. Hochuli later wrote, "Affecting the outcome of a game is a devastating feeling. Officials strive for perfection – I failed miserably." The NFL passed a rule the following offseason allowing such plays to be reviewable under the instant replay rule for the 2009 NFL season. Speaking to Referee in November 2009, Hochuli told the magazine, "It was really an easy play. I’ve thought many times why I did what I did.The best explanation is it was almost like dyslexia. I realized it was a fumble and did the wrong thing. I realized I was wrong but there was nothing I could do about it." 2001 officials' strike
Hochuli has served as the head of the NFL Referees Association, the union which represents NFL game officials. The union was responsible for negotiating a new contract for the officials prior to the 2001 NFL season. At the time, salaries ranged from a first-year official earning US$1,431 a game to a veteran official with twenty years of experience making $4,330 a game. Officials were looking for a 400 percent increase in salary while the league was offering just 40 percent.During the negotiations, <mask> believed the issue in finding a resolution was to convince the league that officials are full-time employees. At the start of the season, officials had rejected a league offer of a 60 percent immediate increase in salary, followed by an 85 percent salary increase in 2002, and a 100 percent increase in 2003. For the first time in league history, replacement officials were used during the regular season. Hochuli had distributed an e-mail to 1,200 potential replacement officials warning them that "Working as a scab will actually hurt and likely kill any chances you would have of ever getting into the NFL." He later regretted sending the letter to college football officials across the United States. The stalemate between the union and the league ended on September 19, 2001, when officials agreed to a six-year deal from the league with an immediate increase in salary of 50 percent with a raise each year. Officials had been locked out since the final week of pre-season games that year and returned to work on September 23, 2001, when the league resumed games following the September 11, 2001 attacks.Celebrity
<mask>'s presence on the football field had created a cult following. His rise in popularity is believed to have been started by Phil Simms, a former NFL quarterback and current color commentator for the NFL on CBS, who made reference to the size of Hochuli's arms during a telecast. On the Internet, websites that sell Hochuli merchandise as well as blogs with his namesake exist. He is often affectionately referred to as "Hochules", a portmanteau of his last name and "Hercules", in homage to his large biceps. While he is aware of his celebrity status, Hochuli does not understand it. He said in a USA Today interview, "I get a kick out of the notoriety, because I'm just a referee. I'm not the players.The players are the game. They're what this is all about. I get notoriety because I explain things, and I get notoriety because I have a decent physique, which is funny because I'm a shrimp, a peewee compared to those players. Neither one of those things has anything to do with whether I'm a good referee." His recognition extends to the streets, in airports, and in the courtroom. He has been approached by notable athletes such as former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Charles Barkley at the airport. "It never ceases to amaze me," <mask> told the Arizona Daily Star."The number of people that will just come up to me and recognize me." He appreciates the attention, saying, "I enjoy the fact that there are people who like me as a referee. I hear from a lot of people and I enjoy that. Like anybody, I like praise. Probably because of my personality, I thrive on that more than other people." <mask>'s career as an NFL official has been chronicled on the NFL Network's Six Days to Sunday in 2005. The half-hour television program detailed the game preparations that Hochuli goes through from Monday to Saturday during the season.This preparation work includes fifteen hours of video tape game review, a "couple hours" completing administrative tasks for the NFL, reading the rulebook, taking a weekly written exam on rules, and communicating with league supervisors. <mask>'s celebrity status off the field includes being mentioned on the "Top Ten List" during the edition of January 29, 2002 of the Late Show with David Letterman. His likeness appears in the Madden NFL video game franchise starting with Madden NFL 06. <mask> appeared on the cover of the October 8, 2012 issue of Sports Illustrated. In 2015, he became the subject of "Fallacy Ref", a series of Internet memes about logical fallacies. References

Further reading

1950 births
Living people
College football officials
National Football League officials
UTEP Miners football players
Arizona lawyers
James E. Rogers College of Law alumni
Sportspeople from Milwaukee
Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Players of American football from Arizona
University of Texas at El Paso alumni

masks:
Edward G
. Hochuli
Hochuli
Hochuli
Shawn Hochuli
Hochuli
Ed Hochuli
Walter Hochuli
Ed Hochu
Hochuli
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Scott Hochuli
Hochuli
Daniel Hochuli
Peter Hochuli
Hochuli
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Hochuli
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Ed Hochuli
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