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 captured for a second time, before finally managing to escape. Later in the year Geoffrey de Mandeville, the Earl of Essex, rose up in rebellion against Stephen in East Anglia. Geoffrey based himself from the Isle of Ely and began a military campaign against Cambridge, with the intention of progressing south towards London.Ranulf of Chester revolted once again in the summer of 1144. Meanwhile, Geoffrey of Anjou finished securing his hold on southern Normandy, and in January 1144 he advanced into Rouen, the capital of the Duchy, concluding his campaign. Louis VII recognised him as Duke of Normandy shortly after. Despite these successes, <mask> was unable to consolidate her position. Miles of Gloucester, one of the most talented of her military commanders, had died while hunting over the previous Christmas. Geoffrey de Mandeville's rebellion against Stephen in the east ended with his death in September 1144 during an attack on Burwell Castle. As a result, Stephen made progress against <mask>'s forces in the west in 1145, recapturing Faringdon Castle in Oxfordshire.<mask> authorised Reginald, the Earl of Cornwall, to attempt fresh peace negotiations, but neither side was prepared to compromise. Conclusion of the war

The character of the conflict in England gradually began to shift; by the late 1140s, the major fighting in the war was over, giving way to an intractable stalemate, with only the occasional outbreak of fresh fighting. Several of <mask>'s key supporters died: in 1147 Robert of Gloucester died peacefully, and Brian Fitz Count gradually withdrew from public life, probably eventually joining a monastery; by 1151 he was dead. Many of <mask>'s other followers joined the Second Crusade when it was announced in 1145, leaving the region for several years. Some of the Anglo-Norman barons made individual peace agreements with each other to secure their lands and war gains, and many were not keen to pursue any further conflict. <mask>'s eldest son Henry slowly began to assume a leading role in the conflict. He had remained in France when the Empress first left for England.He crossed over to England in 1142, before returning to Anjou in 1144. Geoffrey of Anjou expected Henry to become the King of England and began to involve him in the government of the family lands. In 1147, Henry intervened in England with a small mercenary army but the expedition failed, not least because Henry lacked the funds to pay his men. Henry asked his mother for money, but she refused, stating that she had none available. In the end Stephen himself ended up paying off Henry's mercenaries, allowing him to return home safely; his reasons for doing so remain unclear. <mask> decided to return to Normandy in 1148, partially due to her difficulties with the Church. The Empress had occupied the strategically essential Devizes Castle in 1142, maintaining her court there, but legally it still belonged to Josceline de Bohon, the bishop of Salisbury, and in late 1146 Pope Eugene III intervened to support his claims, threatening <mask> with excommunication if she did not return it.<mask> first played for time, then left for Normandy in early 1148, leaving the castle to Henry, who then procrastinated over its return for many years. <mask> re-established her court in Rouen, where she met with her sons and husband and probably made arrangements for her future life in Normandy, and for Henry's next expedition to England. <mask> chose to live in the priory of Notre Dame du Pré, situated just south of Rouen, where she lived in personal quarters attached to the priory and in a nearby palace built by Henry. <mask> increasingly devoted her efforts to the administration of Normandy, rather than the war in England. Geoffrey sent the bishop of Thérouanne to Rome in 1148 to campaign for Henry's right to the English throne, and opinion within the English Church gradually shifted in Henry's favour. <mask> and Geoffrey made peace with Louis VII, who in return supported Henry's rights to Normandy. Geoffrey died unexpectedly in 1151, and Henry claimed the family lands.Henry returned to England once again at the start of 1153 with a small army, winning the support of some of the major regional barons. Neither side's army was keen to fight, however, and the Church brokered a truce; a permanent peace followed, under which Henry recognised Stephen as king, but became Stephen's adopted son and successor. Meanwhile, Normandy faced considerable disorder and the threat of baronial revolt, which <mask> was unable to totally suppress. Stephen died the next year, and Henry assumed the throne; his coronation used the grander of the two imperial crowns that <mask> had brought back from Germany in 1125. Once Henry had been crowned, the troubles facing <mask> in Normandy died away. Later life

<mask> spent the rest of her life in Normandy, often acting as Henry's representative and presiding over the government of the Duchy. Early on, <mask> and her son issued charters in England and Normandy in their joint names, dealing with the various land claims that had arisen during the wars.Particularly in the initial years of his reign, the King drew on her for advice on policy matters. <mask> was involved in attempts to mediate between Henry and his Chancellor Thomas Becket when the two men fell out in the 1160s. <mask> had originally cautioned against the appointment, but when the Prior of Mont St Jacques asked her for a private interview on Becket's behalf to seek her views, she provided a moderate perspective on the problem. <mask> explained that she disagreed with Henry's attempts to codify English customs, which Becket was opposed to, but also condemned poor administration in the English Church and Becket's own headstrong behaviour. <mask> helped to deal with several diplomatic crises. The first of these involved the Hand of St James, the relic which <mask> had brought back with her from Germany many years before. Frederick I, the Holy Roman Emperor, considered the hand to be part of the imperial regalia and requested that Henry return it to Germany.<mask> and Henry were equally insistent that it should remain at Reading Abbey, where it had become a popular attraction for visiting pilgrims. Frederick was bought off with an alternative set of expensive gifts from England, including a huge, luxurious tent, probably chosen by <mask>, which Frederick used for court events in Italy. She was also approached by Louis VII of France, in 1164, and helped to defuse a growing diplomatic row over the handling of Crusading funds. In her old age <mask> paid increasing attention to Church affairs and her personal faith, although she remained involved in governing Normandy throughout her life. <mask> appears to have had particular fondness for her youngest son William. She opposed Henry's proposal in 1155 to invade Ireland and give the lands to William, however, possibly on the grounds that the project was impractical, and instead William received large grants of land in England. <mask> was more easy-going in her later life than in her youth, but the chronicler of Mont St Jacques, who met her during this period, still felt that she appeared to be "of the stock of tyrants".Death
<mask> died on 10 September 1167 in Rouen, and her remaining wealth was given to the Church. She was buried under the high altar at the abbey of Bec-Hellouin in a service led by Rotrou, the archbishop of Rouen. Her tomb's epitaph included the lines "Great by birth, greater by marriage, greatest in her offspring: here lies <mask>, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry", which became a famous phrase among her contemporaries. This tomb was damaged in a fire in 1263 and later restored in 1282, before finally being destroyed by an English army in 1421. In 1684 the Congregation of St Maur identified some of her remaining bones and reburied them at Bec-Hellouin in a new coffin. Her remains were lost again after the destruction of Bec-Hellouin's church by Napoleon, but were found once more in 1846 and this time reburied at Rouen Cathedral, where they remain. <mask> as ruler

Government, law and court

In the Holy Roman Empire, the young <mask>'s court included knights, chaplains and ladies-in-waiting, although, unlike some queens of the period, she did not have her own personal chancellor to run her household, instead using the imperial chancellor.When acting as regent in Italy, she found the local rulers were prepared to accept a female ruler. Her Italian administration included the Italian chancellor, backed by experienced administrators. She was not called upon to make any major decisions, instead dealing with smaller matters and acting as the symbolic representative of her absent husband, meeting with and helping to negotiate with magnates and clergy. The Anglo-Saxon queens of England had exercised considerable formal power, but this tradition had diminished under the Normans: at most their queens ruled temporarily as regents on their husbands' behalf when they were away travelling, rather than in their own right. On her return from Germany to Normandy and Anjou, <mask> styled herself as empress and the daughter of King Henry. As an , her status was elevated in medieval social and political thought above all men in England and France. On arrival in England, her charters' seal displayed the inscription .<mask>'s enthroned portrait on her circular seal distinguished her from elite English contemporaries, both women – whose seals were usually oval with standing portraits – and men, whose seals were usually equestrian portraits. The seal did not depict her on horseback, however, as a male ruler would have been. During the civil war for England, her status was uncertain; these unique distinctions were intended to overawe her subjects. <mask> also remained , a status that emphasised her claim to the crown was hereditary and derived from her male kin, being the only legitimate offspring of King Henry and Queen <mask>. It further advertised her mixed Anglo-Saxon and Norman descent and her claim as her royal father's sole heir in a century in which feudal tenancies were increasingly passed on by heredity and primogeniture. In contrast with her rival Stephen and his wife <mask> of Boulogne — styled respectively  and  — Empress <mask> employed the title . Several interpretations of the title (), are possible.Domina, is the feminine equivalent of the title dominus, the meaning of which ranged from head of a household to an imperial title and translated as "master" or "lord". Whereas the  carried the implication of a king's wife only, the  was used of a woman exercising temporal powers in her own right, as had Æthelflæd of Mercia. Notably, <mask>'s husband Geoffrey never adopted the equivalent dominus Anglorum. Initially between 1139 and 1141 <mask> referred to herself as acting as a feme sole, "a woman [acting] alone", highlighting her autonomy and independence from her spouse. Additionally, it was also conventional that newly elected kings use  until their coronation as , the interval being counted as an interregnum. Since she was never crowned at Westminster, during the rest of the war she appears to have used this title rather than that of the queen of England, although some contemporaries referred to her by the royal title. In spring and summer 1141, as <mask> was de facto queen regnant, some royal charters including titles of lands granted to Glastonbury Abbey and Reading Abbey described her as , while another mentions  and .While Marjorie Chibnall believed the Glastonbury and Reading Abbeys' instances of regina Anglorum are either errors for domina Anglorum or else inauthentic; David Crouch judged this unlikely to be a scribal error and pointed out that Stephen's supporters had used rex Anglorum before his formal coronation, that she was hailed as regina et domina at Winchester in March 1141, and that she "gloried in being called" the royal title. Nonetheless, the style , now rendered as "Lady of the English", remained more common in documents. The chronicler William of Malmsebury calls her domina only. <mask> presented herself as continuing the English tradition of centralised royal government, and attempted to maintain a government in England parallel to Stephen's, including a royal household and a chancellor. <mask> gathered revenues from the royal estates in the counties under her control, particularly in her core territories where the sheriffs were loyal to her cause. She appointed earls to rival those created by Stephen. She was unable to operate a system of royal law courts, however, and her administrative resources were extremely limited, although some of her clerks went on to become bishops in Normandy.<mask> issued two types of coins in her name during her time in England, which were used in the west of England and Wales. The first were initially minted in Oxford during her stay there, and the design was then adopted by her mints at Bristol, Cardiff and Wareham after her victory at the Battle of Lincoln. A second design was minted at Bristol and Cardiff during the 1140s. On returning to Normandy for the last time in 1148, <mask> ceased to use the title Lady of the English, simply styling herself as empress again; she never adopted the title of Countess of Anjou. <mask>'s household became smaller, and often merged with Henry's own court when the two were co-located in Rouen. She continued to play a special role in the government of the area around Argentan, where she held feudal rights from the grants made at the time of her second marriage. Relations with the Church

It is unclear how strong <mask>'s personal piety was, although contemporaries praised her lifelong preference to be buried at the monastic site of Bec rather than the grander but more worldly Rouen, and believed her to have substantial, underlying religious beliefs.Like other members of the Anglo-Norman nobility, she bestowed considerable patronage on the Church. Early on in her life, she preferred the well-established Benedictine monastery of Cluny alongside some of the newer Augustinian orders, such as the Victorines and Premonstratensians. As part of this patronage, she re-founded the abbey of Notre-Dame-du-Vœu near Cherbourg. As time went by, <mask> directed more of her attention to the Cistercian order. This order was very fashionable in England and Normandy during the period, and was dedicated to the Virgin Mary, a figure of particular importance to <mask>. She had close links to the Cistercian Mortemer Abbey in Normandy, and drew on the house for a supply of monks when she supported the foundation of nearby La Valasse. She encouraged the Cistercians to build at Mortemer on a grand scale, with guest houses to accommodate a range of visitors of all ranks, and may have played a part in selecting the paintings for the monastic chapels.Legacy

Historiography

Contemporary chroniclers in England, France, Germany and Italy documented many aspects of <mask>'s life, although the only biography of her, apparently written by Arnulf of Lisieux, has been lost. The chroniclers took a range of perspectives on her. In Germany, the chroniclers praised <mask> extensively and her reputation as the "good <mask>" remained positive. During the years of the Anarchy, works such as the Gesta Stephani took a much more negative tone, praising Stephen and condemning <mask>. Once Henry II assumed the throne, the tone of the chroniclers towards <mask> became more positive. Legends spread in the years after <mask>'s death, including the suggestion that her first husband, Henry, had not died but had in fact secretly become a hermit – making <mask>'s second marriage illegitimate – and a tale that <mask> had an affair with Stephen, resulting in the conception of Henry II. Tudor scholars were interested in <mask>'s right of succession.According to 16th century standards, <mask> had a clear right to the English throne, and academics therefore struggled to explain why <mask> had acquiesced to her son Henry's kingship at the end of the war, rather than ruling directly herself. By the 18th century, historians such as David Hume had a much better understanding of the irregular nature of 12th century law and custom and this question became less relevant. By the 19th century, the archival sources on <mask>'s life, including charters, foundation histories, and letters, were being uncovered and analysed. Historians Kate Norgate, Sir James Ramsay and J. H. Round used these to produce new, richer accounts of <mask> and the civil war; Ramsay's account, using the Gesta Stephani, was not complimentary, while Norgate, drawing on French sources, was more neutral in tone. The German academic Oskar Rössler's 1897 biography drew heavily on German charters, not extensively used by Anglophone historians. <mask> has attracted relatively little attention from modern English academics, being treated as a marginal figure in comparison to other contemporaries, particularly her rival Stephen, in contrast to the work carried out by German scholars on her time in the Empire. Popular, but not always accurate, biographies were written by the Earl of Onslow in 1939 and Nesta Pain in 1978, but the only major academic biography in English remains Marjorie Chibnall's 1991 work.Interpretations of <mask>'s character have shifted over time, but there is, as Chibnall describes, a "general agreement that she was either proud or at least keenly conscious of the high status of an empress". Like both Henry I and Henry II, <mask> had a certain autocratic grandeur, which was combined with a firm moral belief in her cause; ultimately however she was limited by the political conventions of the 12th century. The treatment of <mask> by modern historians has been challenged by feminist scholars, including Fiona Tolhurst, who believe some traditional assumptions about her role and personality show gender bias. In this interpretation, <mask> has been unfairly criticised for showing qualities that have been considered praiseworthy when seen in her male contemporaries. Popular culture

The civil war years of <mask>'s life have been the subject of historical fiction. <mask>, Stephen and their supporters feature in Ellis Peters's historical detective series about Brother Cadfael, set between 1137 and 1145. Peters paints the Empress as proud and aloof, in contrast to Stephen, a tolerant man and a reasonable ruler.<mask>'s martial reputation may also have contributed to Alfred, Lord Tennyson's decision to entitle his 1855 battle poem "Maud". Family tree

<mask>'s family tree:

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 Review of Catherine Hanley's biography

1102 births
1167 deaths
12th-century women rulers
12th-century English monarchs
12th-century Norman women
Anglo-Normans
Burials at Rouen Cathedral
Countesses of Anjou
Countesses of Maine
Duchesses of Normandy
English people of French descent
English people of Scottish descent
English princesses
Holy Roman Empresses
House of Normandy
People from Sutton Courtenay
People from Winchester
People of The Anarchy
Queens regnant of England
Anglo-Norman women
12th-century English women
12th-century English people
12th-century French people
12th-century French women
12th-century German women
12th-century women of the Holy Roman Empire
Daughters of kings
Remarried royal consorts
Children of Henry

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<mask> (born 10 August 1947) is a Bosnian retired professional football goalkeeper and former football manager. On the international level he played for the Yugoslavia national team once in 1972, and was a participant at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany. Throughout his football career, both as a player and coach, <mask> had many success and received a good number of awards from UEFA, FIFA and the Football Association of Yugoslavia (FJS). Club career

Sloboda Tuzla
According to <mask>, he started his professional football career at boyhood age, and the first club that he ever played in was FK Sloboda Tuzla from 1964, where he remained until 1973, that is, until his departure to HNK Hajduk Split. According to Gojko Škrbić, Sloboda sold him to Hajduk for two years with the compensation of the then 14 million old dinar. In the 1968–69 Yugoslav Second League season, Sloboda won 36 points and scored 50 goals, while <mask> capitulated only nine times, the least of all other Second league and First league goalkeepers. Hajduk Split
For the "Bili (The Whites)", <mask> played 107 games, 53 games in the championship, 9 games in the cup, 6 in European competitions, and 39 games in friendly matches.He stood on the goal for the first time in a farewell game of the legendary Radomir Vukčević (Vučka), Ivica Hlevnjak and Pero Nadoveza. The first official appearance for Hajduk, was in the Yugoslav Cup on 12 August 1973, in the starting lineup against FK Vardar, which Hajduk won with 5:1. While at Hajduk, The fans gave him the nickname "Mate" and sang the song "From Marjan's blowing the breeze <mask> keeps the door guarding us." A strong and powerful goalkeeper, safe in running ins, with Hajduk he won two Yugoslavian Championships in 1974 (with 33 appearances) and 1975 (with 16 appearances). He also won 3 cups in a row in 1973, 1974 and in 1976. 789 minutes without a goal
Rizah holds in the territory of the former Yugoslavia a record  of 789 minutes of not conceding a goal. That series of not conceding a goal was broken by Vladimir Petković.The last goal he received was in a match against FK Željezničar Sarajevo in Split on 25 November 1973 (1: 1). From that game, goals weren't conceded  in matches played against: FK Borac Banja Luka in Banja Luka (0: 0), then OFK Belgrade in Split (2: 0), FK Vojvodina in Split (3: 0), GNK Dinamo Zagreb in Zagreb (0: 1), OFK Bor in Split (3: 0), FK Radnički Niš in Niš (0: 1) and NK Čelik Zenica in Split (1: 0). Only in the 22nd round Hajduk lost from FK Sarajevo 1: 0.However, in that game, Brane Oblak, Ivan Buljan, Slaviša Žungul and Mićun Jovanić did not play. The players that did play were: <mask>, Vilson Džoni, Vedran Rožić, Luka Peruzović, Dragan Holcer, Mario Boljat, Željko Mijač, Dražen Mužinić, Joško Gluić, Jurica and Ivica Šurjak. From AZ Alkmaar to Orebić
With 107 games to his name, he left Hajduk in 1976 and joined Dutch club AZ Alkmaar where he  stayed until 1979 and had to fight for his place between the posts with Gerrit Vooys. After Alkmaar, he returned to Tuzla and once again joined Sloboda in 1979 where he stayed until 1983, after which he went to several domestic clubs. They were: FK Budućnost Banovići, where he stayed from 1983 to 1984, then FK Radnik Bijeljina from 1984 to 1985, NK Bratstvo Gračanica, from 1985 to 1987.He ended his career in NK Orebić where he played from 1987 to 1988.

International career
For the national team of Yugoslavia, he played one game, on 29 June 1972, against Scotland, a game that was played in the Brazil Independence Cup in Belo Horizonte which ended with a score of 2: 2. He was also a part of the squad that played at the 1974 FIFA World Cup in West Germany. However, <mask> didn't play a single game at the Cup. Coaching career
He started his coaching career with the completion of the coaching school in Sarajevo, and already in 1988 he trained the Yugoslav B team and next year FK Sloboda Tuzla. Finally in the 1990, he became an assistant coach to Ivica Osim in the Yugoslavia A team. In 1991 as a member of the Yugoslavia staff, he went to the United Arab Emirates where he coached several clubs and A and B national teams. He also spent some time in Saudi Arabia as a coach (Al Ahli SC in Jeddah, 2001–2002).After Saudi Arabia he also coached in Qatar (Al Sadd in Doha, 2002–2005 as an assistant). However, he spent most of his time in the Emirates where he trained clubs Al Wahda FC (1991–1992) in Abu Dhabi, Al Shabab Al Arabi Club (1992–1993, 1999–2001 and 2005–2007), Al Wasl F.C. (1997–1998) from Dubai and Al Nasr SC (1998–1999) also in Dubai. He ended his professional coaching career in 2007. Honours

Player

Club
Hajduk Split
Yugoslav First League: 1974, 1975
Yugoslav Cup: 1973, 1974, 1975–76
AZ Alkmaar
KNVB Cup: 1977–78

Manager
Al Ahli
Crown Prince Cup: 2001–02
Saudi Federation Cup: 2001–02
GCC Champions League: 2002

References

External links

  Serbian national football team website

1947 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tuzla
Association football goalkeepers
Yugoslav footballers
Yugoslavia international footballers
1974 FIFA World Cup players
FK Sloboda Tuzla players
HNK Hajduk Split players
AZ Alkmaar players
FK Budućnost Banovići players
FK Radnik Bijeljina players
NK Bratstvo Gračanica players
Yugoslav Second League players
Yugoslav First League players
Eredivisie players
Yugoslav expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Yugoslav expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Yugoslav football managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
FK Sloboda Tuzla managers
Al Wahda FC managers
Al Shabab Al Arabi Club managers
Al-Nassr FC managers
Al-Sharjah SCC managers
Al Hilal SFC managers
Al-Wasl F.C. managers
Al-Nasr SC (Dubai) managers
Al-Ahli Saudi FC managers
UAE Pro League managers
Saudi Professional League managers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate football managers
Expatriate football managers in the United Arab Emirates
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in the United Arab Emirates
Expatriate football managers in Saudi Arabia
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Saudi Arabia
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Qatar

masks:
Rizah Mešković
Mešković
Mešković
Mešković
Mešković
Mešković
Mešković
Mešković


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<mask>, FRS (3 March 1606 – 21 October 1687) was an English poet and politician who was Member of Parliament for various constituencies between 1624 and 1687, and one of the longest serving members of the English House of Commons. Son of a wealthy lawyer with extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, <mask> first entered Parliament in 1624, although he played little part in the political struggles of the period prior to the First English Civil War in 1642. Unlike his relatives William and <mask>, he was Royalist in sympathy and was accused in 1643 of organising a plot to seize London for Charles I. He allegedly escaped the death penalty by paying a large bribe, while several conspirators were executed, including his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins. After his sentence was commuted to banishment, he lived in comfortable exile in France and Switzerland until allowed home in 1651 by Oliver Cromwell, a distant relative. He returned to Parliament after The Restoration in 1660 of Charles II; known as a fine and amusing orator, he held a number of minor offices. He largely retired from active politics after the death of his second wife in 1677, and died of edema in October 1687.Best remembered now for his poem "Song (Go, lovely rose)", <mask>'s earliest writing dates to the late 1630s, commemorating events that occurred in the 1620s, including a piece on Charles's escape from a shipwreck at Santander in 1625. Written in heroic couplets, it is one of the first examples of a form used by English poets for some two centuries; his verse was admired by John Dryden among others, while he was a close friend of Thomas Hobbes and John Evelyn. When he died, <mask> was considered a major English poet, but his reputation declined over the next century, one view seeing him as a 'fairweather Royalist, an expedient Republican and mercenary bridegroom'. He is now regarded as a minor author, whose primary significance was to develop a form adapted and improved by later poets like Alexander Pope. Personal details

<mask> was born on 3 March 1606 at Stocks Place, Coleshill, Buckinghamshire, eldest son of <mask> (1560–1616) and Anne Hampden (1589–1658). He came from a family of 15, many of whom survived to adulthood, including Elizabeth (1601–? ), Anne (1602–1642), Cecilia (1603–?), Mary (1605–1660), Robert (1606–1641), Ursula (1610–1692) and John (1616–1667). Cecilia married Nathaniel Tomkins, executed for his part in the 1643 plot, while Mary married Adrian Scrope, executed in 1660 as a regicide. In addition, <mask> was related to several prominent Parliamentarians; through his mother, he was distantly connected to Oliver Cromwell, while he and John Hampden were grandchildren of Griffith Hampden (1543–1591). On his father's side, he was related to the Parliamentarian generals Sir Hardress and Sir <mask>. In 1631, he married Anne Banks, orphaned heiress of a wealthy merchant; contracted in defiance of the Privy Council of England, the marriage was eventually approved by Charles I. Anne died in childbirth in 1634, leaving two children, Robert (1633–1652?) and Elizabeth (1634–1653). In 1644, he re-married, this time to Mary Bracey (died 1677) and they had numerous children; since their eldest son Benjamin was mentally disabled, he was succeeded by <mask> (1652–1700), MP for Amersham from 1689 to 1698.His youngest son Stephen (1676–1708) was one of the Commissioners who negotiated the 1707 Treaty of Union. On his death, his estate was valued at the then considerable sum of £40,000; he left legacies to his children Margaret (1648–1690), who acted as his secretary and Benjamin's guardian, Mary, Elizabeth, Anne, Cicely, Octavia, Dorothy and William. Career

<mask> attended Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe, followed by Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He left without a degree, and as was common in this period did a course in law at Lincoln's Inn, graduating in 1622. He was first elected in 1624 as MP for Ilchester, when he was the youngest person in the Commons, then for Chepping Wycombe in 1626. On coming of age in 1627, he inherited an estate worth up to £2,500 a year, making him one of the wealthiest men in Buckinghamshire. Returned for Amersham in 1628, he made virtually no impact on Parliament before it was dissolved in 1629, when Charles I instituted eleven years of Personal Rule.During this period, he became friends with George Morley, later Bishop of Worcester, who guided his reading and provided advice on writing, while <mask> apparently paid his debts. Morley also introduced <mask> to Lucius Cary, 2nd Viscount Falkland; he became a member of the Great Tew Circle, which included Edward Hyde, and was greatly influenced by Falkland's moderation and tolerance. Nineteenth century biographers dated his earliest work to the 1620s, largely because they commemorate events occurring in that period, but modern scholars suggest they were actually written in the mid to late 1630s in an attempt to build a career at court. As well as Charles himself, many of his works are addressed to members of the extended Percy family, such as the Countess of Carlisle, the Countess of Sunderland  and the Earl of Northumberland. Hyde recorded <mask> became a poet at the age of thirty, "when other Men give over writing Verses". When Charles recalled Parliament in April 1640 to approve taxes for the Bishops' Wars, <mask> was re-elected for Amersham, then for St Ives in November. Despite general consensus attempts by Charles to govern without Parliament had gone too far, moderates like Hyde and Falkland were also wary of changing the balance too much the other way.John Pym, who headed the Parliamentary opposition to Charles, gave <mask> responsibility for the impeachment of Sir Francis Crawley, one of the Ship Money judges, but he confirmed his Royalist sympathies by voting against the execution of Strafford in April 1641, and the removal of bishops from the House of Lords. Unlike Hyde and Falkland who joined the king when the First English Civil War began in August 1642, <mask> remained in London, apparently with Charles' permission, where he continued to support moderates like Denzil Holles who wanted a negotiated peace. In May 1643 a plot was uncovered, allegedly organised by <mask> along with his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins, and wealthy merchant Richard Chaloner; what apparently began as a plan to force Parliament into negotiations by withholding taxes turned into an armed conspiracy intended to allow the Royalist army to take control of London. After <mask> was arrested, he made a full confession, implicating a number of his co-conspirators; he escaped the death penalty, allegedly by paying bribes, while Chaloner and Tomkins were executed on 5 July 1643. Many moderates were forced to disavow support for a peace settlement to avoid suspicion of involvement and reaffirm their backing for military action. After spending 18 months in prison without trial, <mask> was fined £10,000 and permitted to go into exile in November 1644, accompanied by his new wife Mary; however, the affair caused lasting damage to his reputation. <mask> travelled with John Evelyn in Switzerland and Italy; unlike many Royalists, he lived in some comfort using money sent to him by his mother.Probably with the support of his relations Cromwell and Scrope, the Rump Parliament allowed him to return home in January 1652. He established good relations with Cromwell, writing him a 'Panegyrick' in 1655, and later supporting proposals to make him king; in a poem written after the capture of the Spanish treasure fleet in 1658, he suggested "let the rich ore be forthwith melted down, and the state fixed by making him a crown'. When Charles II returned to the throne after The Restoration, <mask> commemorated the occasion with his 1660 poem To the King, upon his Majesty's Happy Return. Reconciling past support for the Commonwealth with the restored monarchy was a problem faced by many, but in his 1779 biography Samuel Johnson wrote it showed that "a prostituted mind may retain the glitter of wit, but has lost the dignity of virtue". In 1661, he was elected to the Cavalier Parliament as MP for Hastings; he became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1663, although does not appear to have contributed papers himself. He played a prominent role in the impeachment and exile of Clarendon in 1667, and thereafter held a number of positions under the Cabal ministry. Originally viewed as a supporter of the Court, after 1674 he gained a reputation for independence and was still regarded as one of the best speakers in the Commons.Generally an advocate of religious tolerance, especially for Protestant Nonconformists, he was however convinced of the truth of the Popish Plot in 1678 and withdrew from active politics during the 1679 to 1681 Exclusion Crisis. On the accession of James II, he was elected for Saltash in 1685. He wrote two poems to the new king, urging reconciliation and national unity, but James suspended Parliament in November after it refused to pass his Declaration of Indulgence. <mask> died at his London house in St James's on 21 October 1687, and was buried in the churchyard of St Mary and All Saints Church, Beaconsfield; his tomb is now grade II* listed. Literary works and assessment

<mask> was admired by contemporaries including John Dryden and Gerard Langbaine, although his extravagant praise for members of the court and Royal family was later parodied by Andrew Marvell in "Last Instructions to a Painter". Described by Francis Atterbury as "the Parent of English Verse", by the nineteenth century his work was out of favour. <mask>, author of his biography in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, wrote: '<mask>'s lyrics were at one time admired to excess, but with the exception of "Go, lovely Rose" and one or two others, they have greatly lost their charm'.By 1995, the protagonist of The Information, a novel by Martin Amis, dismisses him as a 'seat-warmer, air sniffer and mediocrity'. However, H. M. Redmond argued 'immoderate censure of his life' had combined with 'interest-killing appreciation' of his verse to 'prevent a dispassionate assessment'. One suggestion is while his writing is limited, he played an important role in developing a format and style adapted and improved by Alexander Pope among others. Much of his early poetry was written for the Caroline court, while he was famous for his 'Panegyricks', written in support of Cromwell, then both Charles II and his brother James, as well as other members of the Royal family. His longest and most ambitious work of this type portrayed the inconclusive 1665 Battle of Lowestoft;  presenting it as an heroic victory and heaping praise on James, it was widely ridiculed. He was strongly influenced by Thomas Hobbes, whose Leviathan he admired, and whose De Cive he at one point proposed to translate. His early work was far more successful than later efforts and during his exile an unlicensed collection of his poems was published in 1645.Reprinted in 1664, 1668, 1682, and 1686, they were popular in part because they were easily set to music; two volumes of previously uncollected writings, "The Maid's Tragedy Altered" and "The Second Part of Mr Waller's Poems" were published after his death in 1690. They included Divine Poems, self-published by <mask> in 1686; most critics view them as 'indifferent' and showing his decline as a writer. Notes

References

Sources

Bibliography

1606 births
1687 deaths
17th-century English poets
17th-century male writers
Original Fellows of the Royal Society
People educated at Eton College
People educated at the Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe
People from Beaconsfield
People from Chiltern District
Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1626
English MPs 1628–1629
English MPs 1640 (April)
English MPs 1640–1648
English MPs 1661–1679
English MPs 1685–1687
English male poets

masks:
Edmund Waller
Waller
Hardress Waller
Waller
Waller
Edmund Waller
Robert Waller
Waller
William Waller
Edmund
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Waller
Edmund Gosse
Waller
Waller


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<mask> (born May 31, 1979) is an American college football former coach, former player, and former assistant athletic director at Washington State University. He was previously the interim head coach, offensive coordinator, quarterbacks coach, and recruiting coordinator for the Idaho Vandals of the WAC. He played quarterback for Washington State Cougars of the Pac-10 under head coach Mike Price, and played in the 2003 Rose Bowl. As a professional, Gesser played for the Utah Blaze of the Arena Football League, the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League, and the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League. He was originally hired at Idaho as running backs coach in June 2011. Gesser is the grandson of Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame member Joseph "Red" Dunn. High school years
Gesser attended Saint Louis School in Honolulu and played football for Cal Lee.In his junior year he was named to the all-state team and led the Crusaders to a state championship. In his senior year, St. Louis ranked as high as fourth in the national prep poll and won a second straight state title. He was All-West pick by Prep Star and an academic All-American choice by Prep Star. The Crusaders were 24-0 in games Gesser started. College career
<mask> played college football at Washington State University in Pullman. He is the only player in Cougar history to be elected as captain three consecutive years. Gesser led WSU to two straight 10 win seasons from 2001-2002, and finished seventh in the 2002 Heisman Trophy race.Gesser and USC quarterback Carson Palmer were named Pac-10 Co-Offensive Players of the Year in 2002. The Honolulu native earned First Team All-America honors and finished his Cougar career as a three time All-Pac-10 selection, and a four-time Academic All-Pac-10 honoree. Gesser left WSU owning school records in a number of offensive categories, some which included career starts (34), total yards (9,007), pass attempts (1,118), completions (611), touchdown passes (70), and consecutive games with a touchdown pass (25). During his career, he appeared in 40 games, made 35 starts, led the Pac-10 in passing yards as junior, was the first Cougar to throw for 3,000 yards twice and led WSU to a 2001 Sun Bowl victory and to the 2003 Rose Bowl. He is second, only to Luke Falk, in having the most wins of any quarterback in Washington State history. He was inducted into the Washington State University Athletics Hall of Fame in 2016, and was also ranked 9th of the top 12 greatest Washington State University football players of All-Time by the Pac-12 Networks. Professional career

National Football League (NFL)
Gesser was signed by the Tennessee Titans as an undrafted free agent in April 2003.He spent the entire season with the team but did not see any playing time behind Steve McNair, Billy Volek, and Neil O'Donnell. He was released after the 2004 preseason. Canadian Football League (CFL)
On May 5, 2005, <mask> was signed by the Calgary Stampeders. He started the season as Henry Burris' backup, but took over the starting role when Burris tore a ligament in his left thumb. He only started two games, both victories, before spraining his ankle. He finished the season completing 23 of 42 passes for 356 yards, four touchdowns and five interceptions. Arena Football League (AFL)
In 2006 <mask> signed with the AFL's Utah Blaze.He was the backup at the beginning of the season before replacing the injured Joe Germaine. He completed 89 of 145 passes for 1,092 yards, 23 touchdowns, and seven interceptions. After going winless in four starts, he was replaced by Andy Kelly. Gesser saw little playing time behind a healthy Germaine in 2007, completing two of three passes for 28 yards and a touchdown. Coaching
Gesser said his ultimate goal is coaching at the college level, preferably at Washington State. During the 2006 off-season he was a quarterbacks coach at Federal Way High School in Federal Way, Washington. In 2007, he was offensive coordinator at Parkland's Franklin Pierce High School.He and fellow ex-Cougar Ryan Leaf both campaigned for the position of quarterbacks coach at WSU when it became available after the 2007 season. That job eventually went to Offensive Coordinator Todd Sturdy. Eastside Catholic
In the spring of 2009, <mask> was named as the head football coach at Eastside Catholic School in Sammamish, Washington. He succeeded Bill Marsh, who had resigned after ten seasons with the school. Gesser coached the Crusaders for two seasons, then left in 2011 to become a graduate assistant at WSU in Pullman. Idaho
<mask> returned to the Palouse in May 2011, then crossed the state border in June and joined the staff at Idaho as running backs coach in neighboring Moscow. He filled the open position left by his successor at Eastside Catholic, Jeremy Thielbar, a former Cougar teammate.Idaho's head coach Robb Akey was the defensive line coach at WSU during Gesser's playing days for the Cougars. In February 2012, <mask> was promoted to offensive coordinator of the Vandals, assisted on offense by another former WSU coach, Mike Levenseller, who was the receivers coach and passing game coordinator. Gesser recruited the Pacific Northwest and Hawaii for Idaho. After only one victory in the first eight games, Akey was fired on October 21 and <mask> was promoted to interim head coach. The Vandals lost their final four games to finish 1–11 for the 2012 season. Paul Petrino was hired as head coach on December 3 and did not retain Gesser on the coaching staff for 2013. <mask> was hired as the quarterbacks coach at Wyoming in February 2013, under fourth-year head coach Dave Christensen.Personal life
Following allegations from multiple women of sexual misconduct, <mask> resigned from WSU in September 2018. In December 2018, WSU found that Gesser violated the school's policy against sexual harassment. Gesser did not participate in the investigation, but was also never found guilty of any crime. Head coaching record

College

See also
 List of National Football League and Arena Football League players

References

1979 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Canadian football quarterbacks
Calgary Stampeders players
Idaho Vandals football coaches
Utah Blaze players
Tennessee Titans players
Washington State Cougars football players
Wyoming Cowboys football coaches
High school football coaches in Washington (state)
Sportspeople from Honolulu
Coaches of American football from Hawaii
Players of American football from Honolulu
Players of Canadian football from Honolulu

masks:
Jason John Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Gesser
Wyoming Gesser
Gesser


texts:
<mask> (September 14, [September 25, New Style] 1728 – October 19, 1814) was a poet, playwright and pamphleteer during the American Revolution. During the years before the American Revolution, <mask> published poems and plays that attacked royal authority in Massachusetts and urged colonists to resist British infringements on colonial rights and liberties. She was married to <mask>, who was likewise heavily active in the independence movement. During the debate over the United States Constitution in 1788, she issued a pamphlet, Observations on the new Constitution, and on the Federal and State Conventions written under the pseudonym "A Columbian Patriot", that opposed ratification of the document and advocated the inclusion of a Bill of Rights. Observations was long thought to be the work of other writers, most notably Elbridge Gerry. It was not until her descendant, <mask>, found a reference to it in a 1787 letter to British historian Catharine Macaulay that <mask> was accredited authorship. In 1790, she published a collection of poems and plays under her own name, a highly unusual occurrence for a woman at the time.In 1805, she published one of the earliest histories of the American Revolution, a three-volume History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution. Early life
<mask> was born on September 7, 1728 (old style), the third of thirteen children and first daughter of Colonel <mask> (1702–1778) and Mary Allyne <mask> (1702–1774). Only six of her siblings survived to adulthood. The family lived in West Barnstable, Massachusetts. Her mother was a descendant of Mayflower passenger Edward Doty. Her father was a farmer and attorney, who served as a judge for the Barnstable County Court of Common Pleas. He won election to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1745.He was an outspoken opponent and leader against British rule and against the appointed colonial governor, Thomas Hutchinson. The <mask> children were "raised in the midst of revolutionary ideals". Although <mask> had no formal education, she studied with the Reverend Jonathan Russell while he tutored her brothers Joseph and James in preparation for college. Unlike most girls of the time who were simply literate, <mask> most likely paved the way for her to break the traditional gender roles of her time. Her father also had unconventional views of his daughter's education, as he fully supported her endeavors, which was extremely unusual for the 18th century. Her brother James attended Harvard College and became a noted patriot and lawyer. What little of his correspondence with <mask> survives suggests that James encouraged <mask>'s academic and literary efforts, treating her as an intellectual equal and confidante.She married <mask> on November 14, 1754. After settling in Plymouth, James inherited his father's position as sheriff. His previous occupations included farming and merchanting. Throughout their lives, they wrote letters of respect and admiration to each other. These exchanges of adoration showed both a mutual respect and an enduring bond between the two. James would write from Boston, "I have read one Excellent Sermon this day & heard two others. What next can I do better than write to a Saint," and <mask> would then respond, "Your spirit I admire- were a few thousands on the Continent of a similar disposition we might defy the power of Britain."They had five sons, James (1757–1821), Winslow (1759–1791), Charles (1762–1784), Henry (1764–1828), and George (1766–1800). Her husband James had a distinguished political career. In 1765, he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He became speaker of the House and president of the Massachusetts Provincial Congress. He also served as paymaster to George Washington's army for a time during the American Revolutionary War. <mask> actively participated in the political life of her husband. The <mask>s became increasingly involved in the conflict between the American colonies and the British Government.Their Plymouth home was often a meeting place for local politics and revolutionaries including the Sons of Liberty. <mask> became increasingly drawn to political activism, and she hosted protest meetings in her home. With the assistance of her friend Samuel Adams, these meetings laid the foundation for the Committees of correspondence. <mask> wrote, "no single step contributed so much to cement the union of the colonies." Like <mask>'s father and brothers, the first patriots disliked the colonial governor. <mask> accordingly became a strong political voice with views on liberty, republican government and independence for the American colonies. She wrote: "Every domestic enjoyment depends on the unimpaired possession of civil and religious liberty."<mask>'s husband James encouraged her to write, fondly referring to her as the "scribbler" and she became his chief correspondent and sounding board. She wrote poems and stories about people fighting for freedom. Revolutionary writings and politics
<mask> formed a strong circle of friends with whom she regularly corresponded, including Abigail Adams, John Adams, Martha Washington and Hannah Winthrop, wife of John Winthrop. In a letter to Catharine Macaulay she writes: "America stands armed with resolution and virtue; but she still recoils at the idea of drawing the sword against the nation from whom she derived her origin. Yet Britain, like an unnatural parent, is ready to plunge her dagger into the bosom of her affectionate offspring." Through their correspondence they increased the awareness of women's issues, were supportive, and influenced the course of events to further America's cause. She became a correspondent and advisor to many political leaders, including Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington and especially John Adams, who became her literary mentor in the years leading to the Revolution.In a letter to <mask>, Adams writes, "Tell your wife that God Almighty has entrusted her with the Powers for the good of the World, which, in the cause of his Providence, he bestows on few of the human race. That instead of being a fault to use them, it would be criminal to neglect them." Since <mask> knew most of the leaders of the Revolution personally, she was continually at or near the center of events from 1765 to 1789. <mask> <mask> had already become acquainted with John Adam’s cousin, Samuel, as he was a frequent visitor to the Otis and then the Warren houses when he and other politicians like Patrick Henry traveled to Boston. Adams himself had suggested the basic content of the poem, while his request that <mask> write was probably due to <mask>’s close friendship with his wife Abigail. Not sure about how her writing would be received, <mask> even consulted with her friend Abigail Adams about her husband’s opinion of the work, especially since although he had visited her home previously, Adams did not ask her to write until after his wife had become a friend of <mask>. John Adams was pleased with the anonymous poem and published it in the Boston Gazette on the front page.It was also Adams who had urged her  to write a history of the Revolution even while the war was still being fought. For this work, she was able to use her own memory of the Revolution,  but she also solicited copies of congressional debates, letters, and other information from the active participants in the revolution, many of whom she knew personally  and through her family connections  Before and during the Revolution, the <mask> home served as a gathering place for patriot debates and meetings, allowing <mask> to meet patriot leaders and also their wives, like Abigail Adams and Martha Washington. In addition, her husband, James, was on the Massachusetts Committee of Correspondence and among other official positions served as the paymaster of the Continental Army in 1776, a time when <mask> would travel between home and the army to serve as her husband’s secretary. <mask>’s elite and privileged status in the midst of such a dramatically evolving political situation allowed her as a woman entry into the inner circles of revolutionary activity and debate. Not only did she came to know as individuals many of the most important political figures of her times, but she also formed strong opinions about many of them and some like Adams became influential in her literary life. Among those she met was George Washington, whom she described from their first meeting as “one of the most amiable and accomplished gentlemen, both in person, mind, and manners….”  Years later, in 1790, she would ask Washington to approve her History, which he did. Another friend, Jefferson helped her get subscriptions for this work.Unfortunately, this same creation also contributed to the bitterness that rose between <mask> and her old friend, John Adams. After the Revolution, <mask> disagreed with John Adams’ strong Federalism and sided with Jeffersonian Republicanism. She openly expressed her opinion in the harshest of terms in her historical account of Adams, thereby ending one of the most productive friendships of the revolutionary period. As with John Adams, John Hancock, who had once wavered about the question of independence from Britain, also fell out of favor with the <mask>s. He became for them the embodiment of the earlier threat tyranny seen in the British governors. Thomas Jefferson’s republicanism, on the other hand, allowed Marcy <mask> to maintain her earlier approval of him. She wrote several plays, including the satiric The Adulateur (1772).Directed against Governor Thomas Hutchinson of Massachusetts, The Adulateur foretold the War of Revolution. It was published as a part of a longer play by an unknown author without <mask>'s consent in 1773. One of the main characters in <mask>'s part of the play is Rapatio, who represented Hutchinson. Because <mask> was a Whig and Hutchinson was a Tory, <mask> disagreed with Hutchinson's views. Therefore, Rapatio is the antagonist in The Adulateur. The protagonist is Brutus, a character that <mask> created to represent her brother, <mask>. In the play, the characters that are Whigs are brave, independent people.The characters that are Tories are selfish and rude. The play includes a happy ending for the Whigs. After the play was published, Hutchinson actually become known as Rapatio to citizens of Massachusetts who identified with the Whigs. Because her first play was so successful and she thoroughly enjoyed writing about politics, <mask> did not stop there. In 1773, she wrote The Defeat, also featuring a character based on Hutchinson. Hutchinson had no idea the accuracy of her plot nor completely comprehended the impact she made on his political fate. <mask>'s assistance in the movement to remove Governor Hutchinson from his position through The Defeat was one of her greatest accomplishments, and she allowed the piece a rare happy ending.<mask> began to doubt as she wrote the third installment in her trilogy, feeling the power of her satire compromised her divine purpose to be a "member of the gentler sex," but she found encouragement from Abigail Adams, who told her, "God Almighty has entrusted [you] with Powers for the good of the World". With this affirmation, <mask> then provided her sharpest political commentary yet: in 1775 <mask> published The Group, a satire conjecturing what would happen if the British king abrogated the Massachusetts charter of rights. The anonymously published The Blockheads (1776) and The Motley Assembly (1779) are also attributed to her. In 1788, she published Observations on the New Constitution, whose ratification she opposed as an Anti-Federalist. <mask> was one of the most convincing Patriots in the Revolution and her works inspired others to become Patriots. Her work earned the congratulations of numerous prominent men of the age, including George Washington and Alexander Hamilton, who remarked, "In the career of dramatic composition at least, female genius in the United States has outstripped the male". Post-Revolutionary writings

All of <mask>'s works were published anonymously until 1790, when she published Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous, the first work bearing her name.The book contains eighteen political poems and two plays. The two plays, called "The Sack of Rome" and "The Ladies of Castille," deal with liberty, social and moral values that were necessary to the success of the new republic. In 1805, she completed her literary career with a three-volume History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution. President Thomas Jefferson ordered subscriptions for himself and his cabinet and noted his "anticipation of her truthful account of the last thirty years that will furnish a more instructive lesson to mankind than any equal period known in history." The book's sharp comments on John Adams led to a heated correspondence and a breach in her friendship with Adams, which lasted until 1812. Death and legacy
<mask> died on October 19, 1814, at the age of 86, six years after her husband died in 1808. She is buried at Burial Hill, Plymouth, Massachusetts.According to historian Mary Benson, <mask> was able, vigorous, and much better read than her contemporaries. Her family connections gave her access to the leadership of the American Revolution, including her brother <mask> and her husband <mask>. New England's patriot leadership welcomed her revolutionary fervor and deployed her plays as valuable propaganda for the cause. Although at first dubious about the proper role of women as propagandists, she succumbed to the urgings of her friends and accepted her duty to use her talents for the patriot cause. Her interest in current events blossomed into the skills of a self-taught historian, with a romanticized style of the sort readers of contemporary literature expected. Like the fiction of the day, her historiography pointed toward moral lessons, and a plays and histories reflected her partisanship against the faction around Governor Hutchinson, or around the Hamiltonian Federalists in the national capital. Historians no longer read her for factual details, but they do find her a valuable source on the mood among intellectuals in the Revolutionary era and the early nation.Feminists debate whether she could be considered one of them, for her expressed approach was traditional, with some impatience shown at the restraints. She did strongly encourage women writers while stressing the cheerful performance of household duties. <mask> proved her ability to resonate to her colonial audience, men and women alike. Furthermore, she proved courageous in being willing to put forth work calling out the authoritative power while raising a family, yet she was humble and practical in how she presented the commentary through quieter presentations. Her success was never above her personal dignity. She said to her son, "The thorns, the thistles, and the briers, in the field of politics seldom permit the soil to produce anything… but ruin to the adventurer," yet the public would not let her retire from commentating on the political conflicts of her later days. She concentrated her writing on strict political matters wrote many more short dramas, poems, and essays throughout wartime and post-Revolution with a commentating and critical voice.The SS <mask> Warren, a World War II Liberty ship launched in 1943, was named in her honor. In 2002, she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York. She is remembered on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. Her great-great-grandson, <mask>, became a distinguished lawyer and historian. References

Further reading
 Botting, Eileen Hunt. "Women Writing War: <mask> <mask> and Hannah Mather Crocker on the American Revolution." Massachusetts Historical Review 18 (2016): 88-118.  in JSTOR
 Cohen, Lester H. "<mask> <mask>: the Politics of Language and the Aesthetics of Self."American Quarterly 1983 35(5): 481–98. ISSN 0003-0678 Fulltext in Jstor
 Davies, Kate. Catharine Macaulay and <mask> <mask>: The Revolutionary Atlantic and the Politics of Gender. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005. Davies, Kate, "Revolutionary Correspondence: Reading Catharine Macaulay and <mask> <mask>," Women's Writing: the Elizabethan to Victorian Period. 2006 13:1, 73–97. Ellis, Joseph J.The Passionate Sage: The Character and Legacy of John Adams. Norton, 1993. Franklin, Benjamin V. and <mask>, <mask>. The Plays and Poems of <mask> <mask>. Delmar, New York: Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1980. Print. Friedman, Lawrence J. and Shaffer, Arthur H. "<mask> <mask> and the Politics of Historical Nationalism."New England Quarterly 1975 48(2): 194–215. in JSTOR
 Gelles, Edith B. "Bonds of Friendship: the Correspondence of Abigail Adams and <mask> <mask>" Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 1996 108: 35–71. King, Martha J. "The “pen of the historian”: <mask> <mask>'s History of the American Revolution." Princeton University Library Chronicle 72.2 (2011): 513-532. online
 Lane, Larry M. and Lane, Judith J. "The Columbian Patriot: <mask> <mask> and the Constitution."Women & Politics 1990 10(2): 17–32. Oreovicz, Cheryl Z. "<mask> <mask> (1728–1814)" Legacy 1996 13(1): 54–64. Fulltext online at Swetswise
 Richards, Jeffrey H. <mask> <mask>. (Twayne's United States Authors Series, no. 618.) Twayne, 1995.195 pp. ; reviewed in William and Mary Quarterly 1996 54(3): 659–61. Fulltext of review in Jstor
 Shalev, Eran. "<mask> <mask>, the American Revolution and the Classical Imagination." Transatlantica. Revue d’études américaines. American Studies Journal 2 (2015).online
 Stuart, Rubin, Nancy. The Muse of the Revolution: The Secret Pen of <mask> <mask> and the Founding of a Nation. Beacon Press, 2008. Tarantello, Patricia F. "Insisting on Femininity: <mask> <mask>, Susanna Rowson, and Literary Self-Promotion." Women's Studies 46.3 (2017): 181–199. Wood, Gordon S. "The Authorship of the Letters from the Federal Farmer" (in Notes and Documents). William and Mary Quarterly.3rd Ser., Vol. 31, No. 2. (Apr., 1974), pp. 299–308. Zagarri, Rosemarie. A Woman's Dilemma: <mask> <mask> and the American Revolution.Harlan Davidson, 1995. Zagarri, Rosemarie. A Woman's Dilemma: <mask> <mask> and the American Revolution. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015. Primary sources
 <mask>, <mask>. The Rise, Progress and Termination of the American Revolution, Interspersed with Biographical, Political and Moral Observations. Ed.and Ann. by Lester H. Cohen (2 vols.) Liberty Classics, 1988 (modern reprint of orig. 1804 edition). <mask>, <mask>. <mask> <mask>: Selected Letters (University of Georgia Press, 2010). External links
 Michals, Debra."<mask> <mask>". National Women's History Museum. 2015. 1728 births
1814 deaths
18th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Anti-Federalists
Historians of the United States
People of colonial Massachusetts
<mask> family
People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution
People from Barnstable, Massachusetts
Women in the American Revolution
Writers from Massachusetts
American women dramatists and playwrights
19th-century American women writers
18th-century American women writers
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Burials at Burial Hill
Pseudonymous women writers
18th-century pseudonymous writers
19th-century pseudonymous writers

masks:
Mercy Otis Warren
Warren
James Warren
Charles Warren
Warren
Warren
James Otis
Otis
Otis
Mercy
Warren
Mercy
Mercy
James Warren
Mercy
Mercy Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Mercy
Mercy
Mercy
Warren
James Warren
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Mercy Warren
Mercy Warren
Warren
Mercy Warren
Mercy Warren
Warren
Otis Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
James Otis
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
Warren
James Otis
James Warren
Warren
Mercy
Charles Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Warren
Mercy Otis
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Mercy Otis
Warren
Mercy Otis
Warren
Otis


texts:
<mask> (10 August 1845 – 27 August 1928) was a prominent Cleveland attorney, a chess connoisseur, and a bibliophile. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1845 to Bushnell and Elizabeth Brainard (Clark) <mask>, both originally from Massachusetts. <mask>'s birthplace was located on what was then Lake Street (near the present-day City Hall). Both of <mask>'s parents valued education, and <mask> once wrote a letter to the Cleveland Herald and Gazette in March 1847 that read in part: "Freedom and equal rights have ever, and always will, exist in proportion to the knowledge of the people." <mask> graduated from Williams College, and <mask> graduated from Troy (NY) Female Seminary. <mask><mask> was born near-sighted but was not diagnosed until he was a teenager. Although fitted with glasses eventually, <mask> usually read without them, preferring (according to his contemporaries) to hold the books close to his face.<mask> received early education in the Little Red School House of Northford, Connecticut, at home, and at Canandaigua Academy. In  Connecticut, where books and money were scarce, <mask> learned to read quickly. He befriended a nearby town's bookseller, who allowed him to read while his mother did her weekly shopping. He later attended Central High School in Cleveland and Western Reserve College in Hudson, Ohio, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. Two of <mask>'s favorite college professors were Nathan Perkins Seymour (classics) and Charles Augustus Young (mathematics and science). He played chess with Young every Wednesday evening, often into the early hours of the morning. <mask> was the salutatorian at Western Reserve College at his 1865 graduation, and delivered the address in Latin.After graduation, he studied law under his father. Career
In 1868, <mask> was admitted to the Ohio Bar, and practiced in the U.S. District and Northern District of Ohio. In 1903, he was admitted to the U.S. Court of Appeals, and to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1910, receiving the degree of Doctor of Laws from Western Reserve in 1919. <mask> practiced law in 1870, partnering with Robert E. Mix and Judge Conway W. Noble. The law firm's name changed as partners retired or died, and as it joined or absorbed other firms. Currently named Schneider Smeltz Spieth Bell LLP, the firm remains in operation. One of <mask>'s most prominent cases was as special counsel for the Cleveland Railway in litigation against Tom L. <mask> over the Municipal Railway.Later, he helped Federal Judge Robert W. Tayler in writing the Tayler grant. <mask> also was the attorney for the Catholic Diocese of Northern Ohio under three bishops, though <mask> himself was not Catholic. <mask> was elected to the Cleveland Public Library's board of directors for the first time on May 5, 1884. He was elected president at a meeting of the "Board of Managers of the Public Library" on May 13, 1884,  and served the following year in 1885 as president, also. He became Library Board President again in 1910 until his death in 1928. He also helped appoint William Brett as director and Linda Eastman as Brett's successor. Marilla Waite Freeman served as head of the library's Main Library building during <mask>'s tenure.In 1884, Cleveland Public Library was thought to be mismanaged. Together with William Brett, <mask> began a survey to discover how other libraries were being managed. In succeeding years, this led to: a newer shelf-classification system for the Cleveland Public Library derived from the Dewey Decimal System; an open-shelf system allowing patrons access to the collection; and establishing branches, sub-branches, deposit stations, and delivery stations. <mask>, being concerned about Cleveland Public Library staff, established one of the earliest staff annuity plans for public employees. Personal life
When taking walks, <mask> and his father would engage in intellectual activities such as only speaking Latin one day, Greek another, and having a "Chess Day" where they would play chess by memory with neither pieces nor a board. <mask> loved romantic novels and stories of the Wild West, in which reading was his primary relaxation. His house on 1871 East 89th Street was permeated with novels and hundreds of books on chess.<mask> wore a beard long after it became unfashionable. He never owned an automobile, and often rode streetcars between his home on Bolton Street, and later East 89th Street and his office downtown. <mask> was a bachelor until his death at age 83. <mask>. <mask> Collection
<mask>riswold <mask> began donating books to the Cleveland Public Library in 1885, presenting William H. Brett with 122 maps and four books. By 1913, the number had reached 25.000. It was that same year in 1913 the Cleveland Public Library moved to the Kinney-Levan  building on upper Euclid Avenue. This warehouse-looking building provided William H. Brett with space to open <mask>'s collection to the public.<mask><mask>'s fascination with chess was lifelong, from the "chess walks" with his father to his collecting chess-related books, information, and materials. "Over a period of some fifty years he conducted a determined quest, throughout the world, for desirable additions to his library," the chess master and author Al Horowitz wrote in 1969. <mask>'s donation of folklore and Orientalia books to the library was influenced by the fact that the library had few books about the Philippines, which the United States acquired, and the major reduction in funds by Mayor Robert McKisson. Thus, when Brett asked for advice on library financial assistance, <mask> agreed to help out by purchasing books out of his own pocket. After <mask> left the Cleveland Public Library Board in 1886, he noticed the library purchased cheaper, popular books, which prompted him to donate scholarly books to the library. Also, to fill the void of his mother passing away, he had a vision of public service to the Cleveland Public Library. <mask> owned two personal copies of Das erste Jartausend der Schachlitteratur (850-1880) zusammengestellt (The First Thousand Years of Chess Literature (850-1880) Compiled) by Antonius van der Linde and turned one into a personal inventory of his collection of books.<mask> would note the items he owned within the text of the book itself but note new titles published since 1880 on a blank page inserted behind each page of van der Linde's work. <mask>'s goal was to collect everything published specifically on chess as well as chess manuscripts and any other texts that mentioned or were related to chess, (e.g., Through the Looking-Glass, Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam). Chess historian H. J. R. Murray, who called <mask>'s chess library the largest in the world, made extensive use of the collection in writing his classic treatise A History of Chess. <mask> donated his collection to the Cleveland Public Library to form the <mask><mask> Collection on Folklore, Orientalia, and Chess. At the time of <mask>. G<mask>'s death in 1928, the valuable collection numbered 60,000 volumes. Gordon W. Thayer shaped the collection through his perceptive knowledge and patterns set by <mask>'s will.In 1969, an exhibit titled: "The Remarkable Mr. White," included medieval manuscripts, 16th century chivalry romances, treatises on astrology and witchcraft, books of  proverbs and folklore, early dictionaries and grammars in some 7,000 languages represented in the collection and personal diaries. The library has since split the collection into three:
 The John G. <mask> Chess and Checkers Collection is described as the "[l]argest chess library in the world (32,568 volumes of books and serials, including 6,359 volumes of bound periodicals.)" The John G. <mask> Folklore Collection contains 47,040 volumes, "one of the largest in the nation. It is broadly defined in scope and international in coverage without period restrictions. Included are primitive, peasant, native, and folk cultures within geographic restrictions." The <mask> G. <mask> Collection of Orientalia includes "materials on Asia, the Near and Middle East, Africa, Australia and Oceania," emphasizing "the humanistic and social science aspects of traditional cultures prior to the impact of European influence." Death
Mr. <mask> left Cleveland for a fishing trip at his favorite mountain resort in Jackson Lake, Wyoming with his friend and former law associate T.A.McCaslin for a fishing trip. Four weeks into his vacation,  <mask> passed away from pneumonia on August 27, 1928. The funeral service was held at the First Unitarian Church on Euclid Avenue and East 82nd Street, with the Reverend Dilworth Lupton conducting. In attendance were Judge <mask>. Hutchins, and many of <mask>'s young apprentices from his White, Cannon, & Spieth Firm. The Cleveland Public Library closed its doors in the afternoon. In attendance were the Cleveland Public Library administrators, the library's board members, and over 100 librarians who passed Mr. <mask> in Cleveland Public Library halls with occasional glances. The Reverend Lupton stated "Mr. <mask> was a man rich of deeds, a man who shunned the limelight and publicity.His friends speak of his honesty, courageous thinking and speaking. His love of nature, people and books. He was a man who grew around him a group of friends to whom he was constantly loyal." References

External links
 Diary and Views of Fishing Trips - An 18-volume series of scrapbooks of photographs and notes compiled by <mask><mask> on his trips to the American West and Canada, available via Cleveland Public Library
 John G. <mask> Archive - Finding aid to collection at Cleveland Public Library. According to the description at the site: "The John G. <mask> Archive contains biographical information, personal correspondence and photographs of Cleveland attorney, President of the Cleveland Public Library's Board of Trustees and internationally known chess collector <mask> <mask> (1845-1928). The correspondences include communication with librarians William Howard Brett, Linda Eastman and Gordan Thayer, fellow chess enthusiasts and researchers, and friends, including Major Harry A. Auer. The collection also includes awards, personal records and professional legal papers."<mask> <mask>, Trustee, and the <mask> Collection in the Cleveland Public Library - A Ph.D. thesis by Motoko B. Yatabe Reece. <mask>'s personal copy of Das erste Jartausend der Schachlitteratur (850-1880) zusammengestellt (digitized) with his notations, Digital Gallery, Cleveland Public Library
 Cleveland Public Library, Special Collections Department

1845 births
1928 deaths
Chess patrons
American book and manuscript collectors
Lawyers from Cleveland
19th-century American lawyers

masks:
John Griswold White
John Griswold White
White
White
John Griswold White
Bushnell White
Bushnell White
Elizabeth White
John G
. White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
Johnson
White
White
White
White
White
White
John
White
White
White
John G
White
John G
White
White
John G
. White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
White
John G
. White
John
. White
White
White
White
John
White
White
White
John C
White
White
White
John G
. White
White
White
John Griswold
White
John Griswold
White
White
White


texts:
Walter Braden "<mask><mask> (born <mask>; October 2, 1911 – November 14, 1995) was an American writer. His best-known works are science fiction and thrillers, including The Body Snatchers and Time and Again. The former was the basis for the 1956 film Invasion of the Body Snatchers and its remakes. Personal life
<mask> was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and given the name <mask>. After his father died when Finney was three years old, he was renamed <mask> in honor of his father, but continued to be known as "<mask>". He attended Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, graduating in 1934. He married Marguerite Guest, and they had two children, Kenneth and Marguerite.After living in New York City and working for an advertising agency there, he moved with his family to California in the early 1950s. He lived in Mill Valley, California, and died of pneumonia and emphysema in Greenbrae, California, at the age of 84. Writing career
<mask>'s first article, "Someone Who Knows Told Me …", published in the December 1943 issue of Cosmopolitan, reflects the message of the Office of War Information's (OWI) "Loose Lips Sink Ships" campaign of World War II. As an advertising copywriter, <mask> was doing his part, driving home the point that careless remarks by otherwise patriotic citizens can aid enemy agents, resulting in the death of US servicemen. His story "The Widow's Walk" won a contest sponsored by Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine in 1946. His first novel, 5 Against the House, was published in 1954. It was made into a movie the following year.<mask>'s novel The Body Snatchers (1955) was the basis for the 1956 movie Invasion of the Body Snatchers (and its remakes). Another novel, Assault on a Queen (1959), became the film Assault on a Queen with Frank Sinatra as the leader of a gang that pulls a daring robbery of the RMS Queen Mary. <mask>'s greatest success came with his science fiction novel Time and Again (1970). It involves time travel to the past, a theme he had experimented with previously in short stories. Its protagonist, Simon Morley, is working in advertising in New York City when he is recruited for a secret government project to achieve time travel. Morley travels to the New York City of 1882. The novel is notable for <mask>'s vivid and detailed picture of life in the city at that time and for the art and photographs supposedly made by Morley during his experiences, which are reproduced in the pages of the novel.Morley sees many actual historical sites, some now gone (e.g., the post office that, until 1939, stood in what is now the southern tip of City Hall Park) and some still existing (e.g., St. Patrick's Cathedral, then the tallest building in its Fifth Avenue neighborhood). In 1987, <mask> was given the World Fantasy Award for Life Achievement at the World Fantasy Convention, held in Nashville, Tennessee. <mask>'s story "Such Interesting Neighbors" (Collier's, 6 January 1951) was the basis for the second episode of Science Fiction Theatre, entitled "Time Is Just a Place". It was first broadcast on 16 April 1955. It co-starred Don DeFore and Warren Stevens; it was then published in 1957, in the collection The Third Level by Rhinehart and Company; later, the story appeared as an episode of the Steven Spielberg-created anthology series Amazing Stories, starring Adam Ant and Marcia Strassman. Spielberg's version was first broadcast on 20 March 1987. In 1995, twenty-five years after Time and Again, <mask> published a sequel called From Time to Time featuring the further adventures of Morley, this time centering on Manhattan in 1912.<mask> died at the age of 84 not long after finishing the book. The 1998 television movie The Love Letter, starring Campbell Scott and Jennifer Jason Leigh, is based on <mask>'s short story of the same name, which appeared in The Saturday Evening Post in 1959. The Third Level, Knox College's science fiction and fantasy publication, is named for <mask>'s short story "The Third Level", published in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction in October 1952. Amigo! (2006 Shin-Ei Animation film starring Akiko Yajima, Miki Narahashi, Keiji Fujiwara, Akeno Watanabe; based on Yoshito Usui's original manga that was inspired by The Body Snatchers)

References

External links

  Obituary. [Obituaries from Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, San Francisco Examiner, Dayton Daily News, and The New York Times]
  Academic journal article on time-slip in science fiction, with special reference to Time and Again and The Love Letter. An appreciation of <mask> on the 100th anniversary of his birth.Annotated bibliography with other materials. The Dell Paperback Collection at the Library of Congress has first edition paperbacks of <mask>'s works. 1911 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
American thriller writers
Deaths from emphysema
Knox College (Illinois) alumni
People from Mill Valley, California
World Fantasy Award-winning writers
Writers from Milwaukee
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from California
Novelists from Wisconsin

masks:
Jack
" Finney
John Finney
Finney
John Finney
Walter Braden Finney
Jack
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Finney
Jack Finney
Finney


texts:
<mask> (born 24 July 1976) is a singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer from Northern Ireland. He is a member of the bands Snow Patrol and Vega4, and has written songs with other artists including Ed Sheeran, P!nk, and Robbie Williams. Early life
One of six children of John and <mask>,  McDaid attended St Brigid's Primary School, Carnhill, and St Columb's College. <mask> was the singer and songwriter of the band Vega4, whose second album You and Others was produced by Jacknife Lee. Its first single, "Life Is Beautiful", was featured on the US Contemporary Radio Charts Top 40 for 12 weeks in 2007, and was the song used for the theatrical trailer of My Sister's Keeper. In 2009, <mask> was the first person to sign to Snow Patrol's publishing company, Polar Patrol Publishing. <mask> went on to play guitar and piano and sing backing vocals in the alternative rock band Snow Patrol.While on the road with Snow Patrol, <mask> was developing his unique style of writing and working with artists in a variety of genres, scoring a hit with Example's “Say Nothing” which went to number 2 in the UK singles chart in 2012. Collaborations with artists as diverse as Robbie Williams' “Love My Life”, Biffy Clyro “Howl”, Rudimental “Never Let You Go”, “Bloodstream”, Birdy “Wild Horses”, and Kodaline “Love Will Set You Free”. <mask>'s songs have been featured on many television shows, including One Tree Hill, The Hills, Pushing Daisies, and Defying Gravity, and have been used for many HBO network season campaigns, among others. His songs have also been used on various advertising campaigns including: Land Rover, Jeep, and RTÉ, and in feature films, including Into the Blue, The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants, and Sex Drive. <mask> produced the "Snow Patrol Remix" of U2's "Unknown Caller" in January 2010. <mask> also has a studio, Fieldwork Music, in North London where he writes, produces, and mixes with and for various artists and songwriters. He has used Fieldwork as a project name for song releases, including the single "This Is Not The End", which featured in a trailer for the film Edge of Tomorrow.In 2012, Example released his album The Evolution of Man. The debut single "Say Nothing", co-written with <mask> was released in September 2012, debuting at number two on the UK Official Charts. The song was received positively overall and became the best selling song from the album. Digital Spy rated it four stars, calling it "an electronic anthem that's ready to take over the airwaves" and commenting that it "maintains a sense of depth, proving that despite his questionable celebrity jibes his talent still comes out on top." Collaborations
Known to work with styles of music from dance and pop to acoustic singer songwriters, <mask> has written and produced tracks for Ed Sheeran, Harry Styles, Carina Round, Ingrid Michaelson, Gary Go, Example, Birdy, Kodaline, Rudimental, Biffy Clyro and Rosi Golan. He has also worked with Iain Archer, Declan O'Rourke, Tonio K, and Freelance Hellraiser. He wrote and produced the title track for the movie House of Fools, which was directed by Academy Award-nominated director Eva Isaksen, and has written and produced records for Sony BMG, Universal Music Group, EMI, PIAS Recordings, Mushroom Records, and Capitol Records.<mask> worked with Paul Van Dyk, resulting in "Time of Our Lives", the number one club chart single from the Grammy Award-nominated album Reflections. He also wrote and performed the number one club chart hit "Home" for Paul van Dyk. The single was awarded Best Track at the 2009 Trance Awards. <mask> has performed with Paul van Dyk at selected shows. In January 2013, <mask> and Gary Lightbody performed at the "Sons & Daughters" concert in Derry, <mask>'s hometown, to mark the opening of the city's UK City of Culture year. In early 2013, <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee with singer-songwriter Ed Sheeran to work with him on his second album. Sheeran and <mask> are close friends and later moved to Los Angeles together to continue working on Sheeran's second record.In November 2013, Sheeran posted a picture of himself and <mask> on Instagram stating that they had been making the record together for two years and that it was now complete. Sheeran's X album was released in June 2014 with <mask> having co-written seven of the songs, including "Photograph", which went on to go platinum and win a BMI Pop Award, and hit song "Bloodstream", which was nominated for Best Song Musically and Lyrically at the 2016 Ivor Novello Awards. For his work on the album, <mask> was nominated for a Grammy Award and a BRIT Award, with the record going on to win the 2015 BRIT Award for Album of the Year. In 2016 he co-wrote "Love My Life" with Robbie Williams & Gary Go  from Robbie Williams "The Heavy Entertainment Show" album. In 2017, <mask> had his first hit with his co-write of Ed Sheeran's 'Shape Of You' (co-written with Ed Sheeran and Steve Mac). The song went to number 1 in the UK and US and remained number 1 in the UK for four weeks. The song had 240,000 downloads in the first week of its release, with 12.71 million streams on Spotify in the first 48 hours  He also developed a lot of Ed's third album.In 2017, <mask> co-wrote the single "What About Us" by Pink. On October 6, 2017, country music duo Tim McGraw and Faith Hill released the single “Rest Of Our Life”, written by <mask>, Ed Sheeran, Amy Wadge, and Steve Mac. Personal life
<mask> began dating actress Courteney Cox in late 2013. The couple announced their engagement on 26 June 2014. In 2019, Cox announced that the couple broke off their engagement but are still in a relationship. <mask> lives in London and divides his time between the UK and the US, where Cox lives. <mask> has a tattoo on his left arm reading  ("When I need to get home you're my guiding light"), an Irish translation of the song "Guiding Light" by fellow Northern Irish musician Foy Vance.Ed Sheeran and Vance both have the same tattoo, as does <mask>'s younger sister Maev. The song was written for <mask>'s late father, <mask>, Sr., who died in July 2011. "Guiding Light" was recorded with Sheeran featured on vocals, and Vance on vocals and piano. Songwriting and production credits

References

Sources

External links
 <mask> on Myspace. Archived from the original on December 16, 2011. 1976 births
Living people
Snow Patrol members
Songwriters from Northern Ireland
Record producers from Northern Ireland
Musicians from Derry (city)
People educated at St Columb's College

masks:
John McDaid
Pauline McDaid
Career McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
McDaid
John McDaid
Johnny McDaid


texts:
<mask> (22 June 186314 September 1927) was an English actor and theatre manager. He married and later divorced the actress Violet Vanbrugh. Bourchier was noted for roles both in classical drama, particularly Shakespeare, and in contemporary plays, including works by W. S. Gilbert, Anthony Hope, <mask> and Alfred Sutro. He managed several West End theatres during his career, including the Royalty, the Criterion, the Garrick (for a total of eight years), His Majesty's and the Strand. In his later years Bourchier became active in British politics as a member of the Labour Party. Biography
Bourchier was born in Speen, Berkshire, England. He was the only son of Fanny (née Farr) and Captain <mask>.He was educated at Eton, where he played cricket, and at Oxford University, chiefly at Christ Church. At Oxford he acted with an amateur group called the Philothespian Society, with whom he played Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. With the encouragement of the Vice-Chancellor, Benjamin Jowett, Bourchier founded the Oxford University Dramatic Society (OUDS), which succeeded the Philothespians. With the OUDS, Bourchier played Hotspur, Falstaff, Feste, Thanatos (in Alcestis), and  Brutus to the Caesar of H. B. Irving. Early career
Bourchier's first professional appearance was with Lillie Langtry in 1889, as Jaques in As You Like It. He also acted with Charles Wyndham at the Criterion Theatre and travelled to America to appear with Augustin Daly's company, for whom he later played the part of Robin Hood in Tennyson's The Foresters at its London premiere. In 1893, he appeared together with Violet Vanbrugh, elder sister of Irene Vanbrugh, in Daly's production of Love in Tandem at Daly's Theatre in London.The two married the following year and had a daughter, Prudence <mask> (b. 1902), who also became an actress and took the stage name Vanbrugh. In 1895, Bourchier became lessee of the Royalty Theatre, and Violet Vanbrugh became his leading lady in many productions, including  The Chili Widow (an adaptation of his own, which ran for over 300 nights), Mr and Mrs, Monsieur de Paris and The Queen's Proctor. Bourchier, Vanbrugh and her sister Irene toured America beginning in 1897. Returning to England, Vanbrugh played the title role in Teresa, which he produced at the Metropole. In partnership with Charles Wyndham in 1900 at the Criterion, Bourchier produced His Excellency the Governor, Lady Huntworth's Experiment, The Noble Lord, and Mamma. He became lessee of the Garrick Theatre in September 1900.Over the six years of his management at the Garrick, he produced many plays, often starring himself and Vanbrugh, including The Bishop's Move, My Lady Virtue, Whitewashing Julia, The Arm of the Law and W. S. Gilbert's The Fairy's Dilemma (1904). Their production of The Walls of Jericho by Alfred Sutro, in 1904, ran for a very successful 423 performances. <mask> and Vanbrugh appeared in command performances before King Edward VII in November 1902 in Dr Johnson at Sandringham with Henry Irving's company, and in November 1905 in The Merchant of Venice at Windsor. They toured in 1908 in John Glayde's Honour. In 1910, <mask> joined Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree at His Majesty's Theatre and appeared in Shakespearian roles including Bottom in A Midsummer Night's Dream, Brutus in Julius Caesar, Sir Toby Belch in Twelfth Night and Ford to Tree's Falstaff in The Merry Wives of Windsor. He had a notable success as the title character in Henry VIII with Tree as Wolsey and Vanbrugh as Queen Katherine, followed by Tree's silent film of a shortened version of the play in February 1911. In 1913, <mask> and Vanbrugh produced their own movie in Germany of scenes from Macbeth.Later years
Bourchier returned to manage the Garrick in 1912 for two years. In 1913, he appeared in a revival of London Assurance in aid of King George's Actors' pension fund with other stars including Tree, Henry Ainley, Charles Hawtrey, Weedon Grossmith and Marie Tempest. In 1916 he again played Brutus in Julius Caesar, at the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, for the Shakespeare tercentenary with Frank Benson as Caesar, H. B. Irving as Cassius and Ainley as Antony. The same year, Bourchier took over management of His Majesty's. In 1917, he created the part of Bruce Bairnsfather's "Old Bill" in a stage adaptation called The Better 'Ole at the Oxford Music Hall, where it ran for over 800 performances. <mask> and Vanbrugh continued to play in Shakespeare and other pieces through World War I, but their marriage was becoming difficult. A contemporary later observed, "He treated her very much as Henry VIII treated Anne Boleyn – except he didn't quite cut off her head."They toured together in 1916 but then separated and finally divorced in 1918. Bourchier remarried a much younger actress, Violet Marion Kyrle Bellew in 1918, with whom he continued to appear in contemporary melodramas. Bourchier managed the Strand Theatre from 1919 to 1923. There, in 1922, he appeared as Long John Silver in J. B. Fagan's adaptation of Treasure Island. He toured with the play in 1923, and brought it back to the Strand the following year. In 1921 he appeared in the Hugh Ford film The Great Day.He also played Iago in 1920. In his later years, Bourchier became involved in politics, writing a pamphlet for the Independent Labour Party in 1926 on "Art and Culture in Relation to Socialism". At the time of his death he had been selected as Labour Party parliamentary candidate for Gloucester. At the subsequent election, his Labour Party successor failed by the narrow margin of 493 votes to defeat the Conservative candidate. In the last year of his life Bourchier embarked on a tour of South Africa. His departure was marked by a luncheon at Claridge's at which he was presented with a bronze bust of himself commissioned by old members of the OUDS in recognition of his work in founding and later subsidising the society. Bourchier became ill in South Africa and died of pneumonia in Johannesburg in 1927 at the age of 64.Reputation

The Manchester Guardian wrote of Bourchier, "A certain coarseness, a certain bluff geniality and with it a certain slyness, were all part of his composition as a stage personality, [but] in spite of his great vitality it was not in violent or exuberant parts that he shone... his artistic merit was that he could always get his best effects very quietly." The Times said, "Never a great actor, he was nevertheless always a conspicuous figure in the theatrical world. He brought to his work an enthusiasm for the stage which gave to performances not artistically distinguished a curious effect of personal distinction.... Sometimes his interpretations seemed to be misguided and his methods extravagantly theatrical, but here at least was an actor who was never colourless and, therefore, seldom dull." The critic C. E. Montague was quoted as saying of Bourchier's Macbeth, "Even murder cannot be as serious as all that." Gilbert said of Bourchier's Hamlet, "At last we can settle whether Bacon or Shakespeare wrote the plays. Have the coffins opened and whichever has turned in his grave is the author."Notes

References

 Pearson, Hesketh. Gilbert and Sullivan, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1950

External links

1863 births
1927 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
English male stage actors
English male silent film actors
Actor-managers
Burials at Kensal Green Cemetery
People from Speen, Berkshire
20th-century English male actors
19th-century theatre managers
20th-century theatre managers

masks:
Arthur Bourchier
Arthur Wing Pinero
Charles John Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier
Bourchier