texts:
 independently by a number of missionaries. Their roles and their mutual relationships are unclear. Al-Akhram for example is assigned a major role by later Sunni historians, but is passed over in silence by Hamza.Nevertheless, <mask> does appear to have played a leading role: even if al-Darzi had his own followers, the sources do suggest that he acknowledged <mask>'s leadership on some matters. In any event, with the death of al-Darzi, by 1019 <mask> was the almost undisputed leader of the new movement. More importantly, it was <mask>'ili , by appointing his own  in Egypt and Syria. He furthermore selected some of his senior disciples and established them in a hierarchy of "ranks", headed by himself (see below). Al-Hakim's disappearance and <mask>'s death
On the night of 13 February 1021, Caliph al-Hakim disappeared during one of his usual nightly rides, likely the victim of a palace conspiracy. Power was seized by his sister, Sitt al-Mulk, as regent for al-Hakim's son, al-Zahir (). The new regime quickly reversed many of al-Hakim's controversial policies, instituting a return to Isma'ili orthodoxy.As part of this Isma'ili reaction, the Fatimid authorities launched a severe persecution against the Druze movement, with the result that the seven Islamic years that followed (411–418 AH) are a period of silence in the Druze sources. A few months after al-Hakim's disappearance, <mask> wrote a farewell epistle (), in which he announced his retirement and al-Hakim's concealment (). In it, <mask> urged his followers to keep the faith, as the period of trials would soon pass, and the end times would arrive. According to the contemporary Baghdadi chronicler al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, <mask> fled the persecution to Mecca, where he was placed under the protection of the local ruler, the Sharif of Mecca. However, he was soon recognized by Egyptian Hajj pilgrims, who demanded his execution. The Sharif hesitated—according to Heinz Halm, likely waiting to see whether the new regime in Egypt would last—but after a series of supposed signs of divine displeasure, he had <mask> and one of his slaves beheaded in front of one of the gates of the Kaaba. The corpses were crucified, and stoned by passers-by; their remains were later burned.Aftermath
The leadership of the Druze movement, now scattered and decimated, was taken over by one of <mask>'s chief disciples, Baha al-Din al-Muqtana, who from 1027 tried to reconstitute the movement by sending his own epistles to the various Druze communities. Al-Muqtana remained the head of the Druze missionary movement until 1042, when he issued his own farewell epistle, announcing his retirement into concealment. In this final epistle, he again reiterated the imminent coming of the end times and the Last Judgment under al-Hakim, where truth would be made manifest, so that his own activity was no longer necessary. Until then, he ordered his followers to hide their true allegiance and even denounce him by name, if necessary to preserve their cover. This marked the end of the Druze "divine call", i.e., its active missionary phase. From then to the present day, the Druze have been a closed community, in which neither conversion nor apostasy is allowed. The 71 epistles of al-Muqtana, together with those of <mask> and another disciple, Isma'il ibn Muhammad al-Tamimi, that al-Muqtana compiled, form the scripture of the Druze faith, the Epistles of Wisdom () or Exalted Wisdom ().Of its six books, the first two contain the work of <mask> and others, while the remaining four encompass al-Muqtana's writings. Thirty of the 113 Epistles of Wisdom (numbers 6 to 35) are attributed to <mask>. Teachings

The doctrine propagated by <mask> in his epistles reflects ideas current among Iranian Isma'ilis in the 10th century, particularly in the work of Abu Ya'qub al-Sijistani. Both <mask> and his assistant, Isma'il al-Tamimi, ascribed to and elaborated on Neo-Platonic ideas on the world soul and the universal intellect that had been absorbed by Isma'ili doctrine. Bryer terms the Druze a  sect of Isma'ilism, but stresses that the ideas espoused by <mask> "are but a logical if extreme development of Isma'ili ideas over the previous century and a half". According to Bryer, the core of <mask>'s motivation was the divinity of al-Hakim, and an increasingly pronounced hatred to organized religion, as expressed in both the Isma'ili  and the traditional Sunni religious establishment. As a result, while the terminology and cosmology of his new religion betray their Isma'ili origins, his approach to Isma'ili tenets was highly eclectic: "Like some juggler, Hamza threw up the whole Isma'ili system into the air, catching and reshaping those aspects he liked, throwing out those he did not".Cosmology
Early Isma'ilism regarded history as a sequence of cycles, each inaugurated by a prophetic figure like Noah or Muhammad, followed by seven imams and culminating in the appearance of a messiah (the  or ) who would usher in a golden age or the last judgment. Hamza adapted this concept by asserting that in each historical cycle, God is made manifest by assuming corporeal form. As a result, during this cycle, the immediate presence of God meant that no revealed religion or law was necessary. In addition, God the Creator emanated a series of lower creations, from the Universal Intellect on downwards. As the Universal Intellect in its pride considered itself to be God, the Creator also juxtaposed an adversary () to it and to each of the lower creations. Like God, each of these pairs is incarnated in each historical cycle. During the Biblical Creation, God was incarnated as al-Bar (from an Arabic or Persian word meaning "Creator" or "God"), while the Universal Intellect was incarnated as Adam, and its adversary as the Devil (named Harith ibn Murra).The Devil managed to seduce Adam, Eve, and their offspring, to rebel against al-Bar. God disappeared from the world, inaugurating a cycle of occultation (). Since God was no longer manifest in the world, he instead sent prophets—Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and finally Muhammad—to create religious law () in order to punish mankind. In a sharp break with both Sunni and Shi'a doctrine, Hamza considered Muhammad as the incarnation of the Devil, whereas the incarnation of the Universal Intellect at the time was Salman the Persian. All four Rashidun caliphs, including <mask> Abi Talib, are likewise ranked among the adversaries. Hamza continued to accept the fundamental Isma'ili dogma that the  had both an outer meaning (), corresponding to a literal interpretation of the Quranic revelation (), as well as a hidden inner truth () accessible only to a few select initiates through allegorical () interpretation. Al-Hakim and the new religion
According to Hamza, the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate inaugurated a new cycle, in which God secretly took human form () again, in the persons of the Fatimid imam–caliphs.Notably, <mask> does not count the first Fatimid caliph, al-Mahdi Billah (), among these incarnations, but starts only with his successor, al-Qa'im (); according to the historian Heinz Halm, this is probably an echo of the doubts about his legitimacy. This process culminated in the public proclamation of al-Hakim's divinity in 1017/18, the start of <mask>'s mission. This event effectively closed the cycle begun by Muhammad, and Muhammad's revelation (the Quran) and law (the Sharia) were thus abrogated both in their outward and inner senses. <mask> denied the existence of both paradise and hell, and promised the imminence of the day when al-Hakim, sword in hand, would judge the world. On that day, all non-believers would be punished, and even the Muslims who did not accept the new creed would be reduced to the status of ; <mask> writes in detail about the distinctive dress and ornaments that would signify their inferior status. Instead of the previous religious law, Hamza now preached a new "spiritual law" () founded on seven moral principles. As the historian Daniel De Smet points out, these were simple injunctions "that had no esoteric dimension at all and were thus not subject to interpretation".The aim of the Druze movement was thus to restore the conditions prior to the fall of Adam; <mask> saw himself as a "new Adam", with the task of "wielding the sword of Our Lord" to achieve the return to the lost paradisiac conditions. However, again the Devil and his minions interfered with the divine cause, taking the form of the leaders of the Fatimid , who incited the people and the army against al-Hakim. Corresponding to his concept of pairs of emanations of God and their adversaries, Hamza established a hierarchy of five cosmic ranks () corresponding to the emanations of the Creator-God (al-Hakim), and assigned to each of them a leading figure of the Fatimid establishment as their adversary: <mask> himself was the incarnation of the Universal Intellect, and opposed by al-Hakim's designated successor as caliph, Abd al-Rahim ibn Ilyas; next in line was Isma'il al-Tamimi, the incarnation of the World Soul, opposed by al-Hakim's designated successor as imam, al-Abbas ibn Shu'aib; then the Word, a certain Muhammad ibn Wahb al-Qurashi, opposed by the , Qut Tegin; then the Right Wing, <mask> ibn Ahmad ibn al-Daif, opposed by the deputy , Ja'far al-Darir; and finally the Left Wing, Baha al-Din al-Muqtana (Hamza's eventual successor), opposed by the , Ahmad ibn Abi'l-Awamm. The continued opposition by the establishment would finally lead to God shedding his earthly vessel (al-Hakim) on the night of his disappearance. Druze perspectives on Hamza ibn <mask>
Druze believe that Hamza ibn <mask> was a reincarnation of Jesus, and that Hamza ibn <mask> is the true Messiah, who directed the deeds of the messiah Jesus "the Joseph and Mary", but when Jesus "the son of Joseph and Mary" strayed from the path of the true Messiah, Hamza filled the hearts of the Jews with hatred for him - and for that reason, they crucified him, according to the Druze manuscripts. Despite this, Hamza ibn <mask> took him down from the cross and allowed him to return to his family, in order to prepare men for the preaching of his religion. Druze also regards Jesus and Hamza ibn Ali as the incarnations of one of the five great celestial powers, who form part of their system.References

Sources

985 births
1021 deaths
11th-century Arabic writers
11th-century Iranian people
11th-century people of the Fatimid Caliphate
Druze religious leaders
Founders of religions
Iranian Ismailis
Medieval letter writers
People executed by decapitation
People from Razavi Khorasan Province
11th-century

masks:
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamzama
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Ali ibn
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Hamza
Ali
Ali
Ali
Ali
Ali


type: original

texts:
<mask> (, , Arakanese pronunciation: ; c. 1557–1612), also known as Salim Shah, was king of Arakan from 1593 to 1612. His early reign marked the continued ascent of the coastal kingdom, which reached full flight in 1599 by defeating its nemesis Toungoo Dynasty, and temporarily controlling the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans to the Gulf of Martaban until 1603. But the second half of his reign saw the limits of his power: he lost the Lower Burmese coastline in 1603 and a large part of Bengal coastline in 1609 due to insurrections by Portuguese mercenaries. He died in 1612 while struggling to deal with Portuguese raids on the Arakan coast itself. Early life
The future king was born to Princess Saw Mi Taw (စောမိတော်,  and Prince Phalaung, governor of Sittantin, in 1557/1558. His parents were half-siblings, both children of King <mask>. He was likely born in Sittantin where his father was governor from early 1550s to 1572.In 1572, Phalaung succeeded King Sekkya, and made his eldest son <mask>, only 15, heir-apparent with the style of Thado Dhamma Raza. At the coronation ceremony, Razagyi was married off to Princess Nan Htet Phwa (နန်းထက်ဖွား, ), daughter of Sekkya and his first cousin, once removed. Heir-apparent
Razagyi loyally served his father for the duration of his father's 21-year reign. His most prominent contribution during this period recorded in the Arakanese chronicles came in 1575 when he led a well armed naval and land forces in an expedition to Tripura. The expedition was a success. The Arakanese forces, aided by Portuguese mercenaries and firearms, easily captured the Tripuri capital, after which Tripura agreed to pay tribute. In the later years, however, Phalaung began relying on his middle son Thado <mask>w, who became the commander-in-chief, for military expeditions, and appointed him king of Bengal.Thado <mask>w, now based out of Chittagong, became Razagyi's main rival to succeed the throne. Reign

Consolidation
On , King Phalaung died, and Razagyi succeeded without any opposition. The 35-year-old new king took the reign name of Raza in the honor of his great-great-grandfather King Raza I (r. 1502–1513), and also took the Persian title of Salim Shah as sultan of Bengal. All the vassals of the kingdom, including Thado <mask>w, came to the court, and pledged allegiance to the new king. For his part, he re-appointed Thado <mask>w as king of Bengal, essentially the viceroy of northern territories, which included Chittagong, Noakhali and Tippera. The peace between the brothers did not last. In 1595, Thado <mask>w at Chittagong revolted with support from chiefs of Tripura and other northern districts.But the rest of the country, and the majority of Portuguese mercenaries, remained loyal to Razagyi. (A major component of Arakan's powerful military since the 1530s had been its many Portuguese mercenaries and their firearms.) When Razagyi marched to Chittagong with a massive force after the rainy season, Thado <mask>w lost nerve and submitted without a fight. Razagyi's armies followed up onto northern districts and Tripura, and by February 1596 (Tabodwe 957 ME), had reestablished control. Victory over Toungoo Empire

Razagyi was now the undisputed leader of a prosperous and militarily powerful kingdom that stretched from the Sundarbans in the northwest to Cape Negrais in the south. The kingdom's relative power greatly improved in the following year, when its nemesis Toungoo Empire, which had tried to conquer the coastal kingdom in (1545–1547) and (1580–1581), was teetering on collapse. King Nanda at Pegu (Bago) now controlled only parts of Lower Burma, and faced rebellions everywhere, including the city of Toungoo, the ancestral home of the Dynasty.Sensing the weakness, Razagyi readily agreed to an alliance with one of the rebel leaders, <mask> Thihathu of Toungoo city in 1597. They agreed to a joint attack on whatever remained of the empire. This was a major departure from the policy of previous Arakanese kings, who since the 1550s had carefully avoided interfering in mainland affairs. He ordered a massive mobilization drive across the entire kingdom, from the Ganges delta and Tripura in the north to Thandwe in the south. By late 1598, he had assembled a massive land and naval invasion force, whose combined strength may have been as high as 30,000 troops. On  (Tuesday, 11th waxing of Tazaungmon 960 ME), the combined invasion force left Mrauk-U. The king himself led the army while he appointed his eldest son and heir-apparent Prince Khamaung to lead the naval fleet consisted of 300 war boats.Under Khamaung were Portuguese mercenaries led by Filipe de Brito e Nicote. At Thandwe, the invasion forces parted. The army crossed the Rakhine Yoma range through the passes toward Pegu while the navy went around Cape Negrais toward the key port of Syriam (Thanlyin), which it seized in March 1599 (Tabaung 960 ME). In April, Arakanese forces marched to Pegu, and effected a junction with rebel Toungoo forces. The combined forces now laid siege to the city. The siege lasted until December when Nanda surrendered. The victors took over the city, and divided the enormous wealth of Pegu, accumulated over the past 60 years as the capital of Toungoo Empire.The gold, silver and precious stones were equally divided. The Arakanese share also included several brazen cannon, 30 Khmer bronze statues, and a white elephant. (Razagyi also raised Princess Khin Ma Hnaung, a daughter of Nanda, as his queen.) Rebel Toungoo forces returned with their share of the loot to Toungoo on 15 February 1600 (2nd waxing of Tabaung 961 ME), leaving the Arakanese in charge of the city. The Arakanese forces remained in Pegu for another month. Razagyi did not have the manpower to hold all of Lower Burma but he nonetheless wanted to make sure that it remained weak for a long time. His plan was to destroy the infrastructure and deplete the manpower of interior Lower Burma as much as possible, and hold key strategic ports of Lower Burma.As such, he deported 3,000 households to Arakan, and burned down the entire city, including the Grand Palace of King Bayinnaung. He then moved down to the port of Syriam, which he planned to hold with a garrison. Siamese invasion
In March, as the main portion of the Arakanese forces at Syriam were about to return home, the Siamese forces led by King Naresuan arrived at Pegu, only to find that the city had been looted and burned down. Naresuan hastily followed up to Toungoo, laying siege to the city in April 1600. As an ally of Toungoo city, <mask> ordered his troops to attack Siamese supply lines by land and sea. The Arakanese navy intercepted Siamese supply ships while the army cut the remaining supply lines. On , Naresuan hastily retreated back but the Siamese forces suffered heavy losses from Arakanese ambushes in retreat.Only a small portion finally reached Martaban. It proved to be the last invasion of mainland Burma by Siam. At Syriam, Razagyi assigned De Brito, the leader of Portuguese mercenaries in his navy, to lead the garrison, and returned home by sea. The Chief Minister Maha Pyinnya Kyaw, the trusted minister of the king, died on the return trip, and was cremated and buried at the Hmawdin Pagoda near Negrais. The 3,000 households brought from Pegu were settled at Urittaung and along the Mayu river and at Thandwe. Mrauk-U Empire and Portuguese insurrections

Between 1600 and 1603, the Kingdom of Mrauk-U with its powerful navy controlled over 1600 km (1000 miles) of the Bay of Bengal coastline from the Sundarbans in West Bengal to the Gulf of Martaban. However, the navy was heavily dependent on Portuguese mercenaries and their firearms.Though the loyalty of the mercenaries was always suspect, <mask> needed them to hold his maritime empire. He made De Brito governor of Syriam in June 1600. But De Brito revolted in March 1603 with support from the Portuguese viceroy of Goa. In late 1603, Razagyi sent the navy led by the crown prince Khamaung to Syriam but the navy was ambushed by four Portuguese ships awaiting by the Hainggyi island near Negrais. Khamaung himself was captured. <mask> himself followed up with another 300-boat navy, and with the Toungoo forces jointly laid siege to the city. But Syriam defenses held.In the following negotiations, in 1604, Razagyi agreed to a ransom of 50,000 ducats for the release of the crown prince, and to Syriam's status as a Portuguese colony. After the setback, Razagyi began to fear the loyalty of other Portuguese in his service. Concerned that De Brito would take over the strategic island of Dianga opposite Chittagong, he had 600 Portuguese settlers there killed. Only a few Portuguese escaped. In 1608, the king offered to let the Dutch East India Company trade and build fortifications in return for their help in driving out the Portuguese but the Dutch did not accept the offer because of their heavy commitments elsewhere. In 1609, one of the escapees of Dianga, Sebastian Gonzales Tibao came back with 400 well-armed Portuguese and seized the Sandwip island, wiping out over 3000 Afghan pirates there. It was a major loss as the island was a strategic port and trade center that commanded the Brahmaputra and Ganges rivers.Moreover, the governor of Chittagong, the king's younger brother, after a quarrel with the king, fled and joined Gonzales, marrying his daughter off to Tibao, who promptly baptized her. The refugee governor died suddenly, probably from poison, and Tibao seized all of his treasure. Razagyi was furious but he faced an even more urgent threat. Hearing that the Moghul governor of Bengal was planning an attack on Noakhali at the mouth of the Ganges, he agreed to an alliance with Tibao. To secure the rear, he sent an embassy to the court of King Anaukpetlun in December 1609. In 1610, he sent the navy to fight the Moghul transgressions. At Sandwip, Tibao brazenly broke the alliance, and seized the entire fleet by "the simple expedient of murdering its captains at a council".Tibao and his crew then began raiding the Arakanese coast, once reaching all the way up the Lemro river and taking away the king's gold and ivory barge. Religious affairs
The king enlarged the Andaw-thein Ordination Hall in order to house a tooth relic of the Buddha he brought back from his pilgrimage to Ceylon, either in 1596 or 1606–1607. He also dedicated a new ordination hall at the Mahamuni Temple on 7 January 1609. Death
The king never solved the problem of Portuguese raids. He died on , and was succeeded by his eldest son Khamaung. Notes

References

Bibliography

Razagyi
1550s births
1612 deaths
Razagyi
Razagyi
Razagyi
Razagyi

masks:
Min Razagyi
Min Bin
Razagyi
Minsa
Minsa
Minsa
Minsa
Minsa
Minsa
Minye
Razagyi
Razagyi
Razagyi


texts:
<mask> (born 30 May 1984) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played with the St Kilda Football Club and the Brisbane Lions in the Australian Football League (AFL). AFL career

St Kilda Football Club
Maguire played in St Kilda's 2004 Wizard Home Loans Cup winning side, the club's second pre-season cup win. In 2006 a serious leg injury halted his season. During the final moments of the St Kilda vs West Coast Eagles game in Round 18, Maguire collided with Tyson Stenglein causing a break to both his tibia and fibula. His injury was likened to that of Richmond's Nathan Brown, but it was soon revealed to be less severe. In the days following the incident, Maguire had a rod inserted into his leg and the club was optimistic he could make his comeback (without any complications) as soon as Round 1, 2007. But soon after Maguire was diagnosed with Compartment syndrome and required a further eight operations to relieve him of the pain and swelling.He suffered complications with compartment syndrome in his calf and spent 21 days in hospital. Doctors had to cut into his calf numerous times to clear the build-up of blood, with ever-increasing difficulty in repairing the wound. <mask> made his return to the AFL in Round 1 of the 2007 season only to be further sidelined with stress fractures in his foot. He returned once again in the Saints' Round 14 loss against Collingwood and although he played out the remainder of the year it was clear that he was a shadow of his former self. At the end of the 2007 season it was revealed that after experiencing soreness during training he had once again suffered stress fractures in his foot, preventing him from participating in the majority of the Saint's pre-season. After finally returning in Round 4 in 2008, Maguire suffered another injury in Round 7 in a St Kilda vs Richmond game. Once again he injured his left foot and this effectively sidelined him until the end of the 2008 AFL season.He had surgery to repair a fracture to the fourth metatarsal, one of the long bones that connects the middle of the foot to the base of the toes. The St Kilda football manager, <mask>, said that although Maguire most likely would not return in 2009 this may be the best chance of him getting everything right without the pressure of playing and may turn out to be the best thing for him in the long run. Maguire spent most of the 2009 season playing for St Kilda's VFL affiliate the Sandringham Zebras. As of the end of the 2009 season Maguire had played in four AFL finals and one pre-season cup final. Maguire was delisted from the St Kilda playing list on 29 October 2009. Brisbane Lions
On 26 November 2009 the Brisbane Lions selected <mask> in the draft at pick number 91. He was given jumper number 36 which was previously worn by Daniel Bradshaw.Maguire played his 100th AFL game in Round 1 of the 2010 season for the Brisbane Lions against the West Coast Eagles. Maguire retired on 23 June 2015 after ongoing effects of a concussion he suffered in a NEAFL game two months prior. Statistics

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2002
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 12 || 2 || 1 || 56 || 20 || 76 || 29 || 12 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 4.7 || 1.7 || 6.3 || 2.4 || 1.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2003
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 17 || 6 || 6 || 90 || 44 || 134 || 46 || 40 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 5.3 || 2.6 || 7.9 || 2.7 || 2.4
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2004
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 17 || 1 || 0 || 136 || 60 || 196 || 71 || 30 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 8.0 || 3.5 || 11.5 || 4.2 || 1.8
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2005
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 21 || 6 || 6 || 188 || 88 || 276 || 99 || 22 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 9.0 || 4.2 || 13.1 || 4.7 || 1.1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2006
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 18 || 4 || 3 || 166 || 79 || 245 || 92 || 45 || 0.2 || 0.3 || 9.2 || 4.4 || 13.6 || 5.1 || 2.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2007
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 10 || 0 || 1 || 63 || 45 || 108 || 39 || 18 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 6.3 || 4.5 || 10.8 || 3.9 || 1.8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2008
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 4 || 0 || 0 || 19 || 15 || 34 || 10 || 4 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 4.8 || 3.8 || 8.5 || 2.5 || 1.0
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 31 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 14 || 0 || 1 || 137 || 85 || 222 || 86 || 40 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 9.8 || 6.1 || 15.9 || 6.1 || 2.9
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 15 || 0 || 2 || 94 || 76 || 170 || 59 || 32 || 0.0 || 0.1 || 6.3 || 5.1 || 11.3 || 3.9 || 2.1
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 16 || 0 || 0 || 147 || 59 || 206 || 81 || 34 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 9.2 || 3.7 || 12.9 || 5.1 || 2.1
|-
!scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 11 || 1 || 2 || 114 || 46 || 160 || 71 || 18 || 0.1 || 0.2 || 10.4 || 4.2 || 14.6 || 6.5 || 1.6
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 13 || 1 || 1 || 121 || 59 || 180 || 65 || 21 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 9.3 || 4.5 || 13.9 || 5.0 || 1.6
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 36 || 2 || 0 || 0 || 12 || 5 || 17 || 4 || 7 || 0.1 || 0.0 || 6.0 || 2.5 || 8.5 || 2.0 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 170
! 21
! 23
!1343
! 681
! 2024
! 752
! 323
! 0.1
! 0.1
!7.9
! 4.0
! 11.9
! 4.4
! 1.9
|}

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
St Kilda Football Club players
Brisbane Lions players
People from Warrnambool
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Geelong Falcons players
St Joseph's Football Club players
South Warrnambool Football Club players

masks:
Matthew John Maguire
Maguire
Matthew Drain
Maguire


texts:
<mask>  (; born 18 April 1959) is an English nephrologist and current principal and vice-chancellor of the University of Edinburgh. Previously, he served as the vice-chancellor and president of the University of Hong Kong (HKU). He was the dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of the University of Bristol before he assumed office at the HKU in April 2014, and was previously director of studies at Christ's College, Cambridge. Biography
<mask> went to school in Penzance, Cornwall. He studied medicine at London Hospital Medical College and earned Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery with first class honours awarded from University of London in 1983. After junior posts in and around the West End of London, he went to Christ's College, Cambridge as a Medical Research Council (MRC) training fellow, studying for a PhD which was awarded in 1992. His thesis was titled "Role of T lymphocytes in autoimmune responses".While studying for his PhD, Mathieson also taught at Cambridge and was named 'Teacher of the Year' in 1992 by the university's medical students. Mathieson was awarded a second MRC fellowship during which he worked on complement/immunology with Douglas Fearon and <mask>. He was also Director of Studies for Clinical Medicine at Christ's College, Cambridge. Career

University of Bristol
Mathieson joined the University of Bristol in 1995 as the foundation professor of renal medicine. He was also honorary consultant nephrologist with the North Bristol NHS Trust. In 1999 he was elected as a fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom. While at the University of Bristol, Mathieson ran 'The cellular basis of albuminuria' research project, with £585,000 funding from the MRC from 2005 to 2008.The project aimed to 'develop ways of detecting and treating early kidney and heart disease'. In 2007 he was elected as the youngest ever president of the Renal Association and also became head of the University Department of Clinical Science at North Bristol. He was also appointed as director of research & development for the North Bristol NHS Trust. Between 2003 and 2007 he chaired the Research Grants Committee of Kidney Research UK [formerly National Kidney Research Fund]. He was a member of the Renal Association Clinical Trials committee from 1996 to 2007 and its chairman between 2000 and 2003. In 2008 he was appointed dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Bristol. He was appointed Dean of the university's Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry in 2008.Foundation doctors at University Hospitals Bristol voted Mathieson as 'Top Teacher' for 2011–12. A further MRC-funded research project on treatment of patients with membranous nephropathy (a type of kidney disease) found a treatment which mitigated against deterioration; the results were published in The Lancet. University of Hong Kong
In October 2013, Mathieson was appointed vice chancellor of the University of Hong Kong, replacing Lap-Chee Tsui. His appointment was controversial as some staff felt that Mathieson lacked management experience and familiarity with Chinese society. Leong Che-hung, who headed the committee that appointed Mathieson noted that he had experience running a faculty at the University of Bristol, while Mathieson himself suggested his unfamiliarity with China gave the opportunity for a fresh start. His tenure at HKU was described to be full of "tension and clashes between the university's governing body and students". Five months into his vice-chancellorship, a students-led class boycott, protesting against Beijing authorities' decision of Hong Kong's suffrage, evolved into a 79-day occupy protest.During the crisis, he stated that independence was not a realistic political option for Hong Kong, but defended the rights of students to protest in favour of Hong Kong's democratic values. In 2015, Mathieson was elected as an honorary fellow of Hughes Hall, University of Cambridge. That year, a University of Hong Kong panel led by Mathieson selected Johannes Chan as pro-vice-chancellor, however the appointment was blocked by the university's governing council. Chan is pro-democracy, supports human rights, and had supported the student occupy protest in 2014, and was unpopular with the government. The episode was viewed as an incident in which the university's academic freedom was under threat, and Mathieson's authority suffered as a result; in a staff survey, 78% of people did not feel Mathieson had "effectively protected academic freedom". Addressing the results of the survey, Mathieson acknowledged the unpopularity of some of his actions and questioned the survey's methodology. On 2 February 2017, two years before the original expiry of his contract, Mathieson resigned from the post of HKU.Mathieson claimed that he was squeezed out of the position by HKU's Chairman of the Governing Council, Arthur Li. The Chairman of the Staff Association, William Cheung, stated "you may now appreciate why we thank you [University of Edinburgh] so many times for taking Professor Mathieson on board" after claims that Mathieson failed to uphold academic freedom, discouraged debate on campus, and did not understand the needs of students emerged from a staff survey. Addressing the results of the survey, Mathieson described the survey as flawed in its methodology. University of Edinburgh
Mathieson became Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh in February 2018. He will be the highest paid figure in Scottish Higher Education with a benefits package exceeding £400,000. While the university said the salary was set in relation to vice chancellor pay at similar sized universities, it was criticised by the University and College Union during the UK-wide dispute between university staff and management over pensions. The £342,000 salary is less than Mathieson was paid at HKU.He has lectured to undergraduate medical students on his specialism in kidney disease at Edinburgh. Research
According to <mask>'s profile on the University of Bristol website:

References

External links

 Professor <mask> – School of Clinical Sciences
 Professor <mask> – President and Vice-Chancellor – Officers of the University – About HKU – HKU
 Professor <mask> Mathieson – CV

1959 births
Living people
Hong Kong scientists
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the London Hospital Medical College
Heads of universities in Hong Kong
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Hong Kong
Principals of the University of Edinburgh
Place of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Peter William Mathieson
Mathieson
Peter Lachmann
Mathieson
Peter Mathieson
Peter Mathieson
Peter William


texts:
<mask> is a designer. Life and career
Born in Germany, of mixed Persian-German parentage, Mahmoudieh studied Art History in Florence, Architecture at the École d'Interieur in Geneva and at UCLA in the United States, and Interior Design at the College of Nôtre Dame in Belmont. After graduating from UCLA she opened her first studio in Los Angeles and today has her headquarters in London. She has worked on projects worldwide. She has also worked as a specifier for Ligne-Roset group. In 2013, Mahmoudieh launched a tech start-up called myKidsy, its main office is based on Campus London sponsored by Google. myKidsy is the first online marketplace for parents to book activities for their kids (after school, holidays and weekend activities).Work
Mahmoudieh has worked in a variety of architectural fields, ranging from aircraft interior design on the Airbus A380 to the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art. She has designed office buildings and interiors, such as the German headquarters of Aon, and has worked on buildings and interiors for Radisson, Kempinski and InterContinental. She has also created a specialised hotel for the disabled. She has acted as a judge on various architecture and design awards, including the Red Dot Awards, Interzum Awards and the Boutique & Lifestyle Hospitality Awards. Mahmoudieh has won several awards herself, including the EuroShop 2011 award, World Travel Award 2007 for the InterContinental Berchtesgaden, European Hotel Design Award 2004 for the Radisson SAS Berlin, Hotel Design Award 2003 for Haus Rheinsberg, European Hotel Design Award 2003 in the Innovation category, and the Core Design Award 2002 for Haus Rheinsberg. Hotel of the Future by <mask> <mask>. British Satellite News on <mask> Mahmoudieh.References

External links
 Mahmoudieh Design website
Style Park website
www.mykidsy.com

Iranian architects
German people of Iranian descent
Notre Dame de Namur University alumni
UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture alumni
Living people
German expatriates in Switzerland
German expatriates in the United States
German expatriates in Italy
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women chief executives

masks:
Yasmine Mahmoudieh
Yasmine
Mahmoudieh
Yasmine


texts:
<mask> is an American comic book writer, letterer, and editor. She is best known for writing the 2018 Daredevil Annual for comic book publisher Marvel, her urban fantasy series Forgotten Home with ComiXology Originals, participation in DC Comics' first Writers Workshop, and her creator-owned crime series, M3. Career
<mask> worked as an art director at an advertising agency in New York City, and then started working at Neal Adams' Continuity Studios. Originally she was an animator on Marvel's Astonishing X-Men motion comic, but continued doing art and design work, including inking and coloring on books such as Batman: Odyssey, The First X-Men, The Coming of the Supermen, and Blood. In 2010/2011, <mask> co-created the Vices Press crime series M3, with Vicente Alcázar. It won the 2012 award for Best Comic Book at the Burbank International Film Festival. In 2014, <mask> scripted Revenge: The Secret Origin of Emily Thorne, Marvel's Original Graphic Novel based on ABC's Revenge, in collaboration with TV series writer Ted Sullivan.In 2015, <mask> was chosen by Gail Simone as one of the many female writers to be involved with Dynamite Entertainment's Swords of Sorrow crossover series. <mask> wrote the Swords of Sorrow: Black Sparrow & Lady Zorro One-Shot and also co-wrote the Swords of Sorrow: Masquerade & Kato One-Shot with G. Willow Wilson. <mask> also wrote a story titled "Pop Goes the World" for the Vertigo Comics anthology Vertigo Quarterly: SFX #1. In 2016, <mask> participated in the first DC Writers Workshop class taught by Scott Snyder. She was also published in DC Comics' New Talent Showcase #1 for her Hawkgirl story with artist Sonny Liew. In December 2016, Dynamite Entertainment announced <mask>, along with artist Maria Sanapo, would be relaunching the Charmed  comic book series, based on the television show that ran from 1998 to 2006. In addition to the release of <mask>'s Charmed: A Thousand Deaths in 2017, she was also announced as editor of Tee Franklin's Bingo Love graphic novel  published by Image Comics  and as a contributing writer to Space Between Entertainment's Destiny, NY Volume 2.In March 2018, <mask> was announced as a contributor to Image Comics' Where We Live Las Vegas Shooting Benefit Anthology, and in April, Action Lab Comics announced that <mask>'s Twelve Devils Dancing comic series with artist Dave Acosta would premiere under their Action Lab/Danger Zone imprint. In May 2018, <mask> was announced as the new writer for Dynamite Entertainment's Xena: Warrior Princess beginning with issue #6 and as the writer for Marvel's 2018 Daredevil Annual. In April 2019, <mask> was announced as lettering instructor for Comics Experience, and in August, <mask> was announced as a writing and storytelling teacher for the Kubert School. <mask>'s story, "Future Shocks: The Switch" was included in 2000 AD Prog 2145, published in August 2019. In October, ComiXology announced <mask>'s mini-series Forgotten Home would be exclusive to the platform's ComiXology Originals digital comic books. Forgotten Home has since gone on to be nominated for five 2020 Ringo Awards including Best Writer (<mask>), Best Inker (Marika Cresta), Best Cover Artist (Natasha Alterici), Best Letterer (Cardinal Rae), and Best Series. In February 2020, <mask> was announced as an editor for Mad Cave Studios.In May 2021, <mask> launched a Kickstarter campaign to fund an original graphic novel titled The Deadliest Bouquet. Near the end of 2021, Aftershock Comics announced a new series for 2022 titled Bylines in Blood co-written by <mask> and Van Jensen. Then in December 2021, Marvel provided a free digital comic book in collaboration with Citizen titled The Power of Light written by <mask>. <mask> has also served as a letterer on multiple comic books, including Neal Adams' "Batman Zombie" in DC's Batman: Black and White #1, Alan Moore's "Big Nemo" and Garth Ennis' "Red Horse" for Electricomics, and she lettered the entire Swords of Sorrow series. <mask> lettered Dynamite's Red Sonja, Dejah Thoris, and Vampirella titles in 2016. Bibliography (Writing Credits)
M3 (#1-#12) (Vices Press, 2011) - M3 #1 won Best Comic for the 2012 Burbank International Film Festival -
Odyssey Presents: Valkyrie vs. Venus #1 (TidalWave Productions, 2012)
Revenge: The Secret Origin of Emily Thorne (Marvel, 2014) - Co-writer with Ted Sullivan
The Unauthorized Biography of Winston Churchill: A Documentary (Vices Press, 2014)
Rise #2 "Brothers In Arms" (Northwest Press, 2015)
Vertigo Quarterly: SFX #1 "Pop Goes The World" (Vertigo/DC, 2015)
Swords of Sorrow: Masquerade & Kato (Dynamite Entertainment, 2015) - Co-writer with G. Willow Wilson
Swords of Sorrow: Black Sparrow & Lady Zorro (Dynamite Entertainment, 2015)
Cheese: A Love Story (Vices Press, 2015)
The 27 Club: A Comics Anthology "A Seminal Vintage" (Action Lab Entertainment and Red Stylo Media, 2015) - Nominated for a 2016 Harvey Award for Best Anthology
Swords of Sorrow: The Complete Saga TPB (Dynamite Entertainment, 2016)
Aw Yeah Comic! #12 "Boss Appreciation Day" (Aw Yeah Comics!2016)
New Talent Showcase #1 "Hawkgirl: Weapons of War" (DC Comics, 2016)
Charmed: A Thousand Deaths (#1-#5 & TPB) (Dynamite Entertainment, 2017)
Where We Live: A Benefit for the Survivors in Las Vegas "Daddy's Little Girl" (Image Comics, 2018) - Winner for the 2019 Ringo Award for Best Anthology
Oneshi Press Quarterly Anthology #4 "Heartbreaker" (Oneshi Press, 2018)
Oneshi Press Quarterly Anthology #5 "Gabrielle" (Oneshi Press, 2018)
Twelve Devils Dancing (#1-#6) (Action Lab Danger Zone, 2018)
Xena: Warrior Princess Vol. 2 (Dynamite Entertainment, 2018)
Daredevil Annual (Marvel, 2018)
Corpus: A Comic Anthology of Bodily Ailments "This is How it Feels" (Corpus, 2018)
Destiny, NY Vol. 2 "Sister, Sister" (Space Between Entertainment, 2018)
This Nightmare Kills Fascists "Bishop Takes Rook; Knight Takes Pawn" (A Wave Blue World, 2018)
Twelve Devils Dancing TPB (Action Lab Danger Zone, 2019)
The Good Fight "Long Overdue" (Adam Ferris Productions, 2019)
Marvel Universe: Time and Again TPB (Marvel, 2019)
2000 AD Prog 2145 "Future Shock: The Switch" (2000 AD, 2019)
Bettie Page Halloween Special "War of the Worlds" (Dynamite Entertainment, 2019)
Strange Tails (Vices Press, 2019) - Nominated for a 2020 Ringo Award for Best Anthology
Forgotten Home (Vices Press, comiXology Originals, 2019) - Nominated for five 2020 Ringo Awards for Best Writer, Best Inker, Best Cover Artist, Best Letterer, and Best Series
The Silver Spurs of Oz (Capstone Publishing, 2020)
Aw Yeah Comics! #14 "All The World's A Stage" (Aw Yeah Comics! 2020)
Maybe Someday "Ghost in the Apartment" (A Wave Blue World 2020) - Nominated for a 2021 Ringo Award for Best Anthology
Legacy of Mandrake (Red 5 Comics, Stonebot Comics, King Features, 2020)
The Deadliest Bouquet (Vices Press, 2021)
The Power of Light  (Marvel, 2021)
Bylines In Blood  (AfterShock, 2022) - Co-writer with Van Jensen

References

External links
Official Site
Erica Schultz at Comic Vine
Erica Schultz at comiXology
Erica Schultz Twitter
Interview with Erica Schultz on Marvel's "The Watcher"
San Diego Comic-Con 2014 Women of Marvel panel podcast. PREVIEWSworld "Women In Comics" month interview from March 2015
7 Reasons We Need More HAWKGIRL by Erica Schultz and Sonny Liew

Female comics writers
American comics writers
Living people
1977 births

masks:
Erica Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz
Schultz


texts:
<mask> (born Ian Wylie; 18 October 1962) is a British artist and figurative painter. His work shows attention to detail with subjects that combine elements from popular culture alongside the mythic and mundane. He has also in the past been involved in the Stuckism art movement. Art

Naive <mask> is a self-taught artist. Early work like The Blue Man (1988) with its use of flattened space and cartoon imagery predates Lowbrow art and Pop Surrealism and is indicative of the artist's maverick approach to art production. His current paintings combine mythological, surreal and popular images juxtaposed with Liverpool's urban setting. They often refer to concerns for the environment with a humorous element.The painting Sefton Park – Genetically Modified is a good example of the issues the artist has explored. In other paintings figures are shown in isolation and appear pensive and alienated from the rest of society. The relationship between the difficulty facing ordinary human beings making moral choices when they have to face hostile environmental factors is portrayed in Toxteth Cherub. A new commission The Chav-ant Garde sees the artist returning to his pop culture roots. The painting is at once a depiction of the artist's dysfunctional family and a satire on media manipulated public outrage based around the stereotype of the chav. The family members are derived from the popular children's television series Teletubbies and In The Night Garden. Naive <mask> works very slowly, late at night, producing an average of three paintings a year.He uses water-based oil paints and his paintings are built up in layers using a variety of techniques: old master's Flemish methods, digital manipulation, sgraffito, rubbing with fingers, wiping paint off with a kitchen towel and other innovative methods. His work is represented in private and public collections, including the Hunterian Museum, Scotland and the David Roberts Collection. Life
Naive <mask> was born Ian Wylie in Poole, Dorset, his family moving to Glasgow when he was two years of age. He attended Cumbernauld High School, Glasgow 1973–79. During the period 1979–83 he took part in a youth training scheme, where amongst other things he played cards. In 1983 he was accepted without academic qualifications as an exceptional student at Greys School of Art, Aberdeen, but was later expelled. Within two years he had sold a painting Yellow Envy to Edwin Morgan, Scotland's Poet Laureate and won an award for his short experimental animation film Phobia.In 1998 he fled to Liverpool after a homophobic knife attack. Intensive psychotherapy followed during 1998 in an attempt to come to terms with his past traumatic experiences. He has since been diagnosed as suffering from dysthymia. Throughout his periods of illness he continued to produce drawings and paintings albeit in limited numbers. Ex-Vaselines front woman Frances McKee commissioned the artist to create several CD covers for her band Suckle. In 2003 he started a BA (Hons) Art History course at Liverpool John Moores University, where he won the Susan Cotton Travel Scholarship. He adopted the name Naive <mask> in 2004 and founded the Liverpool Stuckist group.He adopted the pseudonym <mask> <mask> as a means of distancing himself from mainstream artistic concerns of being "relevant", "fashionable" and "cutting edge". In 2004 his work was included in The Stuckists Punk Victorian show at the Walker Art Gallery during the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. This exhibition was a definitive showing of the Stuckist oeuvre at a national gallery and marked a key point in the development of the art movement. In October 2006 he curated and exhibited in Triumph of Stuckism. His painting  The Other  was the central image featured on promotional literature and attracted the attention of influential collector David Roberts. In 2007 <mask> <mask> was invited to exhibit his work as part of the Fellow Travellers touring group exhibition at Salford Museum alongside <mask> and BP Portrait Award winner
Sadie Lee. Salford Museum commissioned the artist in 2008 to produce public art to display on billboard spaces in Salford as part of Walkabout; a joint project with The Lowry.He exhibited in the Fellow Travellers show which took place in Korpfulstadir, Reykjavík, Iceland July 2008. Triumph of Stuckism
At the invitation of Professor Colin Fallows, Chair of Research at Liverpool School of Art and Design, <mask> <mask> led The Triumph of Stuckism, an international symposium on Stuckism announced for October 2006 at the Liverpool John Moores University during the Liverpool Biennial, along with an accompanying exhibition in the 68 Hope Gallery at Liverpool School of Art and Design (John Moores University Gallery). The title of the symposium is a reference to the Triumph of Painting shows staged in 2005 by Charles Saatchi, and according to The Independent newspaper, "Charles Saatchi is about to become the latest victim of a critical mauling from the people of Liverpool", whose "finest academics are meeting to slag off the secretive collector." It marks a new step for the artists: "The Stuckists have gained some academic credibility after being dismissed as a media freak-show." <mask> <mask> chaired the symposium, which was announced as a day of illustrated lectures, presented by leading Stuckist artists and independent art historians. Booked speakers included: Guy Denning, Paul Harvey, Jacqueline Jones, Bill Lewis, Charles Thomson and Odysseus Yakoumakis. <mask> also curated the exhibition of Stuckist paintings.The event was part of the programme of the 2006 Liverpool Biennial, and followed the Stuckist show at the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. Artists exhibiting in the 2006 show included Philip Absolon, Godfrey Blow, <mask>, Jaime Braz, Guy Denning, <mask>, Ella Guru, Paul Harvey, <mask> <mask>, Jacqueline Jones, Peter Klint, Bill Lewis, Mike Mayhew, Jesse Richards, Kim Richardson, Mary Von Stockhausen, Charles Thomson and Odysseus Yakoumakis. See also
The Stuckists Punk Victorian
Stuckist demonstrations
Lowbrow art
Pop Surrealism

References
Milner, Frank ed. (2004), "The Stuckists Punk Victorian" National Museums Liverpool,

Footnotes

External links
Naive John official site
Fellow Travellers official site
Interview on MyArtSpace
Naive John on the Walker Art Gallery site
Naive John on Hunterian Museum's site
Naive John on Art in Liverpool

1962 births
20th-century British painters
British male painters
21st-century British painters
Stuckism
Alumni of Liverpool John Moores University
Living people
English contemporary artists
People with mood disorders

masks:
Naive John
John
John
John
John
Naive
John
Naive
John
Holly Johnson
Naive
John
Naive
John
John
John Bourne
John Geggie
Naive
John


texts:
<mask> (born March 6, 1978) is an American independent filmmaker, known for her documentary films. Her humor and unconventional approach to the documentary form, including the use of archival Super 8 footage and YouTube videos, have earned her critical acclaim. <mask> is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Life and career
<mask> was born in Lynn, Massachusetts. She received a BA in American Culture and Media Studies at Vassar College in 2001 and an MFA in Integrated Electronic Arts at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 2005. She has taught film, video and new media art at Bard College, Hampshire College, Williams College and Colgate University. <mask> became interested in filmmaking and video art while she was working at Children's Media Project, a nonprofit youth media center in Poughkeepsie, New York.Starting in 2002, she has made over a dozen experimental short films which span the worlds of video art and documentary film, including The Abortion Diaries, The Voyagers, Just Add Water and Normal Appearances. Many of her short films are collected and distributed by VTAPE. In 2013, <mask> released her first feature-length film Our Nixon. The all-archival documentary featuring the never before seen home movies of Nixon staffers premiered at the 42nd International Film Festival Rotterdam in 2013, had its North American premiere at SXSW, and was selected as the Closing Night Film at New Directors/New Films. It earned wide critical acclaim and numerous film festival awards at Seattle International Film Festival, Ann Arbor Film Festival, Nantucket Film Festival, and Traverse City Film Festival. In 2016, the director's second feature-length film NUTS! a mostly-animated experimental documentary about con-man and quack, John Brinkley, world premiered at Sundance Film Festival, where it won the Special Jury Award for Editing.<mask> also released a companion project to NUTS! called Notes on Nuts!, a database of "footnotes" to the film in which she details over 300 instances of manipulation, tricky editing, and outright fabrications contained within the "mostly true" story in the film. <mask> wrote that the website "takes the provocation of the film much further by engaging in a kind of radical honesty about all the tricks, manipulations and outright lies to be found in my film, with the idea that in doing so I could expand out from this one (admittedly really strange!) case study to instigate a whole new conversation: what would happen if documentary filmmakers started to regularly use footnotes?" <mask> returned to Sundance in 2019 to premiere her fourth feature-length documentary Hail Satan?, concerning the birth and rapid rise of The Satanic Temple. In 2017, <mask> was admitted into the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Critical acclaim

Critics have often noted <mask>'s use of humor and unique approach to the documentary form.Filmmaker magazine named <mask> one of "25 New Faces of Independent Film" in 2012. Ella Taylor of NPR described <mask> as "one of our foremost chroniclers of bizarro Americana." Museum of the Moving Image chief curator David Schwartz organized her first major retrospective in 2018, writing "in the past few years, <mask> has quickly emerged as a major documentary filmmaker." Ann Hornaday wrote that <mask> "might be documentary film's most compellingly cockamamie social historian," while Chris Plante wrote in The Verge in 2016, "<mask> is the answer to a question more people should be asking: who's the great documentarian of this generation?" Feature films

Our Nixon

Brian Frye introduced <mask> to the Super 8 home movies confiscated by the FBI during the Watergate investigation. The archival footage inspiring <mask> and Frye became the basis of 2013 released nonfiction film Our Nixon, directed by <mask> and co-produced by Frye. The documentary depicts a unique portrait of Richard Nixon and his closest aides, chief of staff H.R.Haldeman, domestic affairs adviser John Ehrlichman, and special assistant Dwight Chapin. The film contains footage from 26 hours of Super 8 home movies filmed by Haldeman, Ehrlichman, and Chapin, as well as relevant news broadcasts and interviews. Among numerous films about the Nixon and Watergate era, Our Nixon stands out for its distinct, intimate perspective and the stylized all archival editing choice. Our Nixon had its world premiere at the 42nd International Film Festival in Rotterdam and its North American premiere at 2013 South by Southwest. The film screened at multiple film festivals, including Ann Arbor Film Festival, where it won the Ken Burns Award for “Best of the Festival,” and Seattle International Film Festival, where it won the Best Documentary Award. Our Nixon was selected as the Closing Night Film at 42nd New Directors/New Films. On August 1, 2013, CNN broadcast the film, and Cinedigm handled the film's theatrical release.The Wall Street Journal wrote that the "highly personal view of the Nixon years is, for obvious reasons, a sad and wrenching one - a film that is nonetheless filled with spirit, humor, and a bountiful sense of irony.” Amy Entelis, senior vice president for development for CNN Worldwide, praised the film for its “original material” and “unconventional” storytelling. Nuts! After encountering Charlatan, an authorized biography written by Pope Brock, in her local public library in 2009, <mask> developed an interest in John Romulus Brinkley, a doctor who attempted to cure impotence via goat testicle transplantation in 1917. The experimental documentary Nuts! mainly consists of animated reenactments and narration voiced by both actors and Brinkley himself. “Brinkley’s story is not presented as the object of a neutral nonfiction gaze, but the opportunity for viewers to actively wrestle with the ethical and epistemological issues central to the narrative nonfiction form,” <mask> wrote in the home page of NUTS! Nuts!premiered at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival on Jan. 22, 2016, and won the Special Jury Award for Editing in the U.S. Documentary Competition of the festival. The documentary premiered theatrically on June 22, 2016, at Film Forum in New York. Rolling Stone named Nuts! one of the 12 best movies they saw at Sundance 2016, saying “the fact that it’s all true didn’t stop <mask>’s film from ending with the best twist of this year’s fest.”

The Pain of Others
<mask>'s third feature-length documentary The Pain of Others (2018), an all-archival documentary about the controversial illness known as Morgellons, world premiered at International Film Festival Rotterdam and was later screened at BAMcinemaFest, Maryland Film Festival and Sheffield Doc/Fest. The film is composed entirely of YouTube vlogs and does not answer the scientific question of the physiological causes of Morgellons—rather, it focuses on need for human proximity and unexplained suffering of the vloggers, as well as the specific formal and emotional qualities of 2010s era YouTube. <mask> has described the film as both "YouTube body horror," and a "work of media archeology" which asks the questions, "When doctors send you away, to whom do you turn for help?When suffering has no explanation, what rushes to fill the void? How does false information spread on the internet? If a supportive and loving community forms around a shared delusion, can that be a good thing? What do you do in the face of someone else’s pain if you believe the pain stems from a delusion?" <mask> was inspired to make the film by reading a 2013 essay in Harpers Magazine by Leslie Jamison describing the phenomenon. Hail Satan? An examination of the origins of The Satanic Temple and their brand of grassroots activism.The documentary premiered at the 2019 Sundance Film Festival and is distributed by Magnolia Pictures. <mask> described the editing for the film occurred in approximately six months, "concurrent with the bulk of shooting." Listening to Kenny G

<mask>’s film on the musician Kenny G was released on HBO, as part of the ‘Music Box’ strand, and in theaters on December 2, 2021, and was one of Glenn Kenny’s Critic’s Picks in his December 2 review in the New York Times. Short films

The Abortion Diaries (2005)
The Abortion Diaries is a short documentary film released in 2005 which <mask> completed as her MFA thesis project at iEAR Studios, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute's electronic arts graduate program. The 30-minute documentary was made for approximately $3,000 and directed and edited by <mask>. It features intimate interviews with 12 women who speak candidly about their experiences with abortion. Critics have written of the film, "[t]hough the conceit is simple, it is also profoundly radical" and described it as "clear-eyed and surprisingly compelling".Part of <mask>'s research process was to research the history of abortion stories in American popular media (film and television) and share it publicly on a widely consulted timeline. <mask> said she made the film to address a "generational gap in language" around abortion after having an abortion in her early 20s which she found "horrifically isolating" and feeling that her experiences were not represented in the popular media. "I felt guilty for not feeling guilty . . . I expected I would suffer a lot. Because I didn't, I felt like a monster." <mask> looked "literally all over the Internet" for advice to help her handle her emotions, but found mainly pro-life literature disguised as unbiased pregnancy resources and pro-choice websites that failed to offer much beyond statistics.She made this film to correct the lack of representation and to "approach a divisive issue and go beyond bumper stickers." The Abortion Diaries was a DIY film primarily self-distributed by the director herself. It became important organizing and discussion tool, screening at hundreds of colleges, churches, community centers, basements, and bars in every US state. It won several awards, including an Audience Award at New Orleans International Human Rights Film Festival, Best Student Documentary at Carolina Film/Video Festival, and Choice USA's  “Spirit of Communication” Award. The Voyagers (2010)
The Voyagers is an experimental documentary that tells the story of the NASA project to launch two spacecraft, each carrying golden phonograph records holding a wealth of human culture, into space in 1977. Space probes Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 pioneered research of the far reaches of our solar system and continue to hurtle further into outer space today. In the process of putting together these time capsules of human experience, Carl Sagan and the project's creative director, Ann Druyan, fell in love.Their story resonated with <mask>, who created a personal take on it for her own wedding, as a meditation on the nature of love in an uncertain universe. <mask> said the film is "a valentine to Carl Sagan and the way that he . . . embodies the place where scientific skepticism meets child-like awe and wonder and joy and optimism." Brainpickings founder Maria Popova described the film as "a living testament to the creative capacity of remix culture" and critic Collin Souter described it as "a beautiful film, one that never resorts to over-the-top sentiment to make a point about love and the cosmos." Critic Andrew S. Allen described the film as "a profound story about love and the fearless ability of the human spirit to stand in awe of its vastness, to dream of its mysteries, and to catch a glimpse of its incomprehensible complexity, and, knowing what triumphs and heartache lie ahead, still boldly jump in headfirst." The Voyagers won many awards, including Best Essay Film (2012 Short of the Week), Best Film (FLEX Film Festival 2011), Winner of the Hammer to Nail Short Film Contest (July 2012). Honorable Mention, Disposable Film Festival (March 2012),  Honorable Mention, AFI FEST, Los Angeles (November 2011) and Best Experimental Film, New Orleans Film Festival, NOLA (October 2011).Controversy
In 2016, <mask> discovered that the Tribeca Film Festival was planning to screen Vaxxed, an anti-vaccination documentary directed by Andrew Wakefield. She wrote a widely cited open letter to the festival, originally posted to Facebook and later reposted to Filmmaker Magazine, in which she asked the festival to remove the film from their lineup. In the letter she wrote, "the problem is not that Vaxxed is controversial, or even that it's deceptive. Honestly, I consider a large number of well-made, popular documentary films fairly deceptive. The problem is that it is dangerous misinformation being legitimized under the banner of your considerable prestige." After the ensuing controversy, Tribeca Film Festival eventually removed the film from its lineup. Awards and honors
 Creative Capital Award (2012)
Sundance Film Festival, Special Jury Award for Editing (2016)
Chicken & Egg Breakthrough Award (2018)
Vanguard Award, San Francisco DocFest (2018)
Wexner Center for the Arts Artist Award (2017)
Sundance Institute Momentum Fellowship (2020)

References

External links

1978 births
Living people
American documentary film directors
American women film directors
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Vassar College alumni
People from Lynn, Massachusetts
Film directors from Massachusetts
21st-century American women

masks:
Penny Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
Lane
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Lane
Penny Lane
Lane
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texts:
<mask> (February 24, 1811 – November 2, 1893) was an American bishop, educator, college administrator and author. A major shaper of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (A.M.E.), <mask> stressed education and preparation of ministers and introduced more order in the church, becoming its sixth bishop and serving for more than four decades (1852–1893) as well as becoming one of the founders of Wilberforce University in Ohio in 1856. In 1863 the AME Church bought the college and chose <mask> to lead it; he became the first African-American president of a college in the United States and served in that position until 1877. By quickly organizing AME missionary support of freedmen in the South after the Civil War, <mask> gained 250,000 new members for the AME Church during the Reconstruction era. Based first in Charleston, he and his missionaries founded AME congregations in the South down the East Coast to Florida and west to Texas. In 1891 <mask> wrote the first history of the AME Church, a few years after publishing his memoir. Early life and education
<mask> was born free in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 24, 1811, of African, European and Native American descent.<mask> stated later in his autobiographical writings  "as far as memory serves me my mother was of light-brown complexion, of middle stature and delicate frame. She told me that her grandmother was of the tribe of Indians known in the early history of the Carolinas as the Catawba Indians." He also stated that he descended from the Goings family, who were a well known free colored/Native American family. His father was one of six brothers who served in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)  and his paternal grandfather was an Englishman. His parents London and <mask> were part of the "Brown Elite" of free blacks in the coastal southern city. Both died before he reached maturity. While his great-aunt assumed <mask>'s care, the Minors' Moralist Society assisted his early education.<mask> was raised in the Methodist Church like his parents. He also studied at home, teaching himself mathematics, physical science, and the classical languages. In 1829, at the age of 18, he opened his first school in Charleston. After the infamous and feared Nat Turner Rebellion of 1831 in Virginia, South Carolina and other southern states passed legislation further restricting the rights and movement of free people of color and slaves. They enacted a law several years after the uprising on April 1, 1835, which made teaching literacy to both free people of color and slaves illegal and subject to fines and imprisonment for both whites and blacks. With the passage of this law, <mask> had to close his school. In May 1835, <mask> sailed from Charleston north to Philadelphia in search of further education.Declining the Methodists' offer, which was contingent on his going on a religious evangelist  mission to the Republic of  Liberia in West Africa, (which was then being organized as a colony for free black, established as a colony for free blacks and emancipated slaves from the United States by some abolitionist groups and American Colonization Society movement in the 1820s-1850s, <mask> instead connected about a hundred miles west and studied at the Lutheran Theological Seminary at Gettysburg (founded several yeàrs earlier in 1826)  in Gettysburg (Adams County) in rural farming area of south-central Pennsylvania. The Gettysburg Seminary, only a decade old was the second Lutheran theological seminary in North America (another named Hartwick in Connecticut did not last very long) and the current oldest in American Lutheranism. With then only a small number of theology students in one three-stories building capped by a cupola, later known as Old Dorm (today restored and renamed as Schmucker Hall and used today by the Adams County Historical Society), then led by prominent, talented but controversial Evangelical Lutheran theologian and professor Rev. Samuel Simon Schmucker (1799-1873). <mask> never was later called or served as a Lutheran minister (priest/presbyter/pastor) though but he was the first to be educated and ordained in 1835 by an American Lutheran church body - the then liberal/moderate General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the U.S.A., itself also recently organized 15 years before (1820-1917) as the third major Lutheran synod in America and first nation-wide confederation of regional / state synods and  congregations, ancestor to the modern Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (formed by mergers 1988). One source claims he had to drop out of school because of problems with his eyesight. Another source claimed no congregation called him and the leaders and other ministers in the General Synod of the Lutheran Church told him to work through the  Methodist Episcopal Church (ancestor body from 1784 to 1939 of the current United Methodist Church) which had a number of "colored" / "Negro" congregations and very strong in Baltimore and Philadelphia, plus the recently organized off-shoot of the African Methodist Episcopal Church.Marriage and family
<mask> married in 1847, but his wife died during the first year of marriage from complications of childbirth. In 1854, he married again, to Eliza Clark of Cincinnati. Career in AME Church
By 1840, <mask> started another school. He joined the  African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) which had been organized in 1794, a decade after the first organized American grouping of "Methodists" at the famed Christmas Conference at the old original Lovely Lane Chapel off South Calvert and German (now Redwood) Streets in Baltimore Town in December 1784 following the teachings of British leaders George Whitefield (1714-1770), John Wesley (1703-1791) and his brother Charles Wesley (1707-1788) (both well-known musical authors and hymn-writers) who were active in the Church of England seeking to revive the Christian Protestant spiritual life in Anglicanism which they feared was becoming staid, stiff and hard. After being recommended by other ministers, seven years after his Lutheran General Synod ordination of 1835 at the Lutheran Theological Seminary under Rev. Samuel Simon Schmucker (1799-1873), in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Rev. <mask> gravitated in 1842 towards the African Methodist Episcopal Church, then 26  years old as an organized functioning church denomination since 1816, with Richard Allen and <mask>, centered in eastern cities of Philadelphia, Baltimore, Richmond which had split off from the Methodist Episçopal Çhurch (organized in Baltimore in December 1784 with its famous "Christmas Conference" / first General Conference ordaining  first Bishop Francis Asbury (1745-1816), with famed traveling evangelist Robert Strawbridge and visiting German Reformed Church pastor Philip William Otterbein, 1726-1813).That new M.E. Church had a few  integrated congregations usually with "Negro" members sitting in balconies or off-sides, but was generally mostly white. Rev. <mask> with his extensive Evangelical Lutheran theological education at the Gettysburg Seminary agreed with A.M.E.'s founder of a congregation in 1794, Bishop Richard Allen (1760-1831), that a visible and independent black denomination was a strong argument against slavery and racism. <mask> had always worked to improve the position of blacks within the United States; he opposed calls for their emigration from North America and resettlement to the proposed new nation of  Liberia where a county was being set up in the proposed African settlement taking the name of "Maryland" or other parts of Africa, as urged by the American Colonization Society which had strong support among many white abolitionists (including future President Abraham Lincoln)  and supported by some free blacks. <mask> worked to improve education for AME ministers, recommending a wide variety of classes, including grammar, geography, literature and other academic subjects, so they could effectively lead the people. In the ensuing decades' debates about "order and emotionalism" in assemblies and conventions/conferences of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, he sided consistently with order.The AME's first task was "to improve the ministry; the second to improve the people". At a denominational meeting in Baltimore in 1842, <mask> recommended a full program of study for ministers, to include English grammar, geography, arithmetic, ancient history, modern history, ecclesiastical history, and theology. At the following 1844 AME General Conference, he called for a "regular course of study for prospective ordinees", in the belief they would lift up their parishioners. In 1845, Pastor <mask> tried to establish a short-lived AME seminary, and succeeded in gradually raising the educational preparation required for its ministers. <mask> also directed reforms at the style of music, introducing trained choirs and instrumental music to church practice. He supported the requirement that ministers be literate. <mask> continued throughout his career to build the institution of the church, establishing literary and historical societies and encouraging order.At times he came into conflict with those who wanted to ensure that ordinary people could advance in the church. Especially after expansion of the church following the end of the Civil War into and across the South, where different styles of worship had taken root and prevailed, there were some continuing tensions about the direction of the denomination. Bishop and college president
In 1848, fourth Bishop William Paul Quinn (1788-1873), named <mask> as the historiographer of the AME Church. In 1852, <mask> was elected and consecrated as the sixth bishop of the AME denomination. He served in that position for the rest of his life to 1893. Together with the Rev. Lewis Woodson (1806-1878) a sympathetic white minister and AME member and two other African Americans representing the AME Church, and 18 European-American representatives of the Cincinnati Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church (M.E.C.),  <mask> served on the founding board of directors and which later purchased  Wilberforce University in Wilberforce, Ohio in 1856. It was named for the now deeply revered William Wilberforce, (1759-1833) who was a long serving British political and social leader, firm abolitionist and deep Christian believer in the Gospel, who worked tirelessly for his anti-slavery and abolishing the African trans-Atlantic slave trade causes for decades as a longtime member of the lower chamber of the British Parliament in the House of Commons. Among the trustees who supported the abolitionist cause and African-American education was Salmon P. Chase, previously Governor of Ohio, who was appointed in 1864 as Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court by 16th President Abraham Lincoln after serving as U S. Secretary of the Treasury in Lincoln's cabinet for 3 years during the early American Civil War, to succeed longtime Chief Justice Roger B. Taney who had died. The denominations jointly sponsored Wilberforce in 1856 to provide collegiate education to African Americans. It was the first historically black college in which African Americans were part of the founding. The town of Wilberforce was located at what had been a popular summer resort, called Tawawa Springs. It was patronized by people from Cincinnati further south on the Ohio River, including abolitionists, as well as many white planters from the South, who often brought their mistresses of color and "natural" (illegitimate) multi-racial children with them for extended stays.In one of the paradoxical results of slavery, by 1860 most of the college's more than 200 paying students were mixed-race offspring of wealthy southern planters, who gave their children the education in Ohio which they could not get in the South. The men were examples of white fathers who did not abandon their mixed-race children, but passed on important social capital in the form of education; they and others also provided money, property and apprenticeships. With the outbreak of Civil War in the Spring of 1861, the planters withdrew their sons from the college, and the Cincinnati Annual Conference of the M.E, Church (which was generally white-only)  felt it needed to use its resources to support social efforts related to the war. The college had to close temporarily because of these financial difficulties. In 1863, Rev. <mask> persuaded his fellow ministers and lay members of the AME Church to buy the debt and take over the college outright from the Methodist Episcopalians of Cincinnati. <mask> was then selected as president, becoming the first African-American college president in the United States.The AME had to reinvest in the college two years later, when a southern sympathizer damaged buildings by an arson fire. <mask> helped organize fundraising and rebuilding. White sympathizers gave large donations, including $10,000 donations each from founding board member Salmon P. Chase and another supporter from Pittsburgh, as well as $4200 from a white woman. The United States Congress, then dominated by Radical Republicans passed a $25,000 grant for the college to aid in its rebuilding. <mask> led the college until 1877. <mask> traveled twice to Europe, where he consulted with other British Methodist clergy there and studied their several colleges and  education programs. In April 1865, after the Civil War, <mask> returned to the South for the first time in 30 years.Knowing how to build an organization, he took nine missionaries and worked with others in Charleston to establish the AME denomination. He organized missionaries, committees and teachers to bring the AME Church to freedmen. By only a year later, the church had grown by 50,000 congregants in that part of the South. By the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877, AME congregations existed across the South from Florida to Texas, and more than 250,000 new adherents had been brought into the church. While it had a northern center, the growing AME Church was strongly influenced by its expansion in the South. The incorporation of many congregants with different practices and traditions of worship and music styles helped shape the national AME Church. It began to reflect more of the African-American culture of the South.In 1881, he founded the Bethel Literary and Historical Society, a club which invited speakers to present and speak on topics relevant to African-American life and a part of the flourishing "Lyceum movement". Bishop <mask> died on November 2, 1893, having served the African Methodist Episcopal Church for more than 50 years. Works
 1888, Recollections of Seventy Years, a memoir. 1891, The History of the A. M. E. Church, the first history of the denomination. Legacy and honors

The historian James T. Campbell wrote of <mask> in his Songs of Zion: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States and South Africa (1995): "No single individual, with the possible exception of Richard Allen himself, did more to shape the trajectory and tone of African Methodism." Daniel Payne College, a historically black college that operated in Alabama from 1889 to 1979, was named in his honor. After the college closed, the city of Birmingham renamed a street <mask> Drive.Payne Theological Seminary in Wilberforce, Ohio, is named in his honor. A Pennsylvania State Historical Marker was installed in his honor at 239 N. Washington St. at Gettysburg College, recognizing his study there. He is celebrated on the Lutheran liturgical calendar
 Payne elementary school in Washington, DC is named for him. References

Further reading
Howard D. Gregg, History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church: (The Black Church in Action), AMEC, 1980
Thomas, Rhondda R. & Ashton, Susanna, eds. (2014). The South Carolina Roots of African American Thought. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press."<mask> (1811-1893)," p. 17-28. External links

<mask>, <mask>, Recollections of Seventy Years, 1888, Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1811 births
1893 deaths
19th-century Methodist bishops
African Methodist Episcopal bishops
Heads of universities and colleges in the United States
People celebrated in the Lutheran liturgical calendar
Wilberforce University
African-American educators
African-American Methodist clergy
American Methodist clergy
University and college founders
American people who self-identify as being of Native American descent
19th-century American clergy

masks:
Daniel Alexander Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Daniel Alexander Payne
Daniel
Martha Payne
Daniel
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Daniel Coke
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texts:
Jean-<mask> (23 June 1950 – 18 September 2021) was a French harpsichordist and organist. Biography
Born in Le Mans on 23 June 1950, <mask> gradually followed a complete artistic training at the conservatory of Le Mans (harpsichord with Françoise Petit, organ, chamber music, writing, conducting), Conservatoire de Paris, the Accademia Musicale Chigiana, and the École nationale supérieure des beaux-arts of Paris (in architecture). At twenty-three, after a major tour of chamber music concerts in the US and South America, he became organist and harpsichordist of the Ars Antiqua ensemble of Paris, the Ensemble polyphonique (conducted by Charles Ravier) and the Orchestre de la Radio, then the Orchestre de chambre de Paris and the  (for the EMI recordings). He was then the appreciated partner of great interpreters such as Henryk Szeryng, Jean-Pierre Wallez, Jean-Pierre Rampal, Maurice André, Frédéric Lodéon, Arto Noras... and accompanied singers such as Gundula Janowitz, Rita Streich, Hugues Cuénod, Isabel Garcisanz, Derek Lee Ragin, Michel Sénéchal and Cecilia Bartoli. He participated in the activities of the Jeunesses musicales de France, for which he gave numerous concerts, and then recorded his first records as soloist: complete works by Henry Purcell, Clérambault and Jacques Duphly EMI, Bach's sonatas with Jean-Pierre Wallez at IPG (later reissued by Universal). He played the great orchestral works: Poulenc's Concertos for harpsichord and organ, Camille Saint-Saëns's Symphony with organ, Manuel de Falla's and Frank Martin's Concertos, Sauguet's Church sonata... with the biggest ensembles: Monte-Carlo, RAI, National et Philharmonique de Radio-France, Orchestre national des Pays de la Loire, Capitole de Toulouse..., under the direction of Georges Prêtre (with whom he recorded Poulenc's Concert Champêtre for EMI), Emmanuel Krivine, Jean-Pierre Marty, Marek Janowski, Michel Plasson... Henri Sauguet wrote his Church sonata to him (issued by Arion), Jean-Michel Damase's Pastorales for organ, Joaquin Nin-Culmell's Symphonie des Mystères... Deepening the study of baroque treaties and instruments, he founded the Concerto Rococo (with Alice Piérot and Paul Carlioz), a small group of early instruments dedicated to the 18th century harpsichord and concert organ repertoire (Bach, Johann Schobert, Claude Balbastre, Michel Corrette, Mozart, Soler, Haydn...).Through his musicological research, Jean-Patrice <mask> also worked on the restitution of baroque religious services alternating organ and Gregorian chant. (Messe Agatange, Messe de Bordeaux, Vœu de Louis XIII...), and ensured the revision of old works at Éditions J. M. Fuzeau (Johann Schobert, Antonio Soler etc.). A recitalist, concertist, chamber musician, he was regularly invited to the great French festivals: Festival de musique de La Chaise-Dieu, Sully, Septembre musical de l'Orne, Saou, Saint-Riquier, Lessay, the , , Prades, Centre baroque de Versailles, Orangerie de Sceaux, Avignon, Aix, Art sacré de Paris, Toulouse les Orgues, Printemps des Arts de Nantes, Radio-France-Montpellier, Albi, Nuits d’Uzès, Festival baroque de Pontoise, Mai de Bordeaux, Saint-Lizier, Comminges, Maguelone, Déodat de Séverac à Saint-Félix-Lauragais, Bourges, La Rochelle, Dijon... He performed in most European countries, in the US, in South America, in the Far East, in tours - often illustrated with lectures and master classes - or in prestigious festivals: Echternach, Brussels, Antwerp, Frankfurt, Berlin, Dresden, Bonn, Düsseldorf, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Zagreb, Warsaw, Istanbul, Madrid, Milan, Naples, Hong Kong. <mask> made a series of recordings dedicated to the Parisian harpsichordists of the Enlightenment era (Michel Corrette, Claude Balbastre, Armand-Louis Couperin, Joseph Nicolas Pancrace Royer, Simon Simon, Jacques Duphly...), in parallel with the work he wrote on this subject, Le Clavecin des Lumières for Bleu nuit publisher. He is also the author of Le clavecin du Roi Soleil. The musical and literary richness of this period inspired him to create a poetic evocation, "Le Soir des Lumières", which he shared on stage with the actress Françoise Fabian, as well as a series of concerts-readings Mozart et le clavecin des Lumières and Les derniers jours du Roi Soleil after Saint-Simon's Mémoires.With Marie-Christine Barrault, he also conceived a series of poetic and musical shows around works ranging from the Renaissance to the present day. His eclectic tastes also made him approach the repertoire of the romantic and contemporary organ. Artistic director of the , he was honorary professor of baroque organ and harpsichord at the École normale de musique de Paris. Jean-Patrice <mask>'s independent spirit and very personal style are reflected in his writings on music and fine arts, as well as in the sixty or so recordings he made for EMI, Virgin, Universal, Arion, Vérany... whose originality has been supported several times by the  and awarded Grand Prix record awards and nominations at the Victoires de la musique. Jean-Patrice <mask> held the rank of chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres. <mask> died on 18 September 2021 at the age of 71 due to a cancer. Discography
Arion:
 Nicolas Lebègue:
 Premier Livre d'orgue (July 1981, Arion ARN268561)
 Troisième livre d’orgue 2 CDs  1982
 L’Orgue français à la Renaissance  1983
 Claude Balbastre: Noëls pour orgue  1983
 Mélodies espagnoles (with Isabel Garcisanz)  1984
 Henri Sauguet: Sonate d’église (dir.J.W. Audoli)  1988
 Mozart : Church sonatas (with the Concerto Rococo) 2002
EMI :
 Louis-Nicolas Clérambault: L’œuvre d’orgue et de clavecin  1978
 Henry Purcell: L’œuvre d’orgue et de clavecin 2 CD  1979
 Jacques Duphly: L’œuvre de clavecin 3 CD  1980
 Francis Poulenc: Concert Champêtre pour clavecin et orchestre (dir. I, II, II, XVII (Fuzeau)
 Johann Schobert: Sonatas en quatuor op. VII (Fuzeau)
 Soler: 6 Quintets for Harpsichord and Strings (Fuzeau)

References

External links
 Jean-Patrice <mask>, directeur artistique du festival du Comminges (ResMusic)
 Official website
 Jean-Patrice <mask>'s discography (Discogs)
 Jean Patrice <mask> - Balbastre - Sonatas (YouTube)

French harpsichordists
French classical organists
French male organists
Alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
1950 births
2021 deaths
People from Le Mans
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
21st-century organists
21st-century French male musicians

masks:
Patrice Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
Brosse
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Brosse


texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1837 – February 18, 1927), usually called "Commodore" <mask> due to the office he held with the New York Yacht Club from 1886 to 1892, was an American lawyer and reformer who was the grandson of U.S. Vice President <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born on December 25, 1837, In Charlestown, Rhode Island, the son of <mask> (1794–1848), who was active in the Sons of the American Revolution, and Hannah Green Goelet (1804–1845), of another prominent family. In 1857, <mask> graduated from Columbia College, with honors. His paternal grandfather was Founding Father, Massachusetts Governor and U.S. Vice President <mask>. His cousins included <mask>, who was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maine, George Goelet Kip, and Robert Walton Goelet, who was a financier and real estate developer in New York City. His maternal grandfather was the merchant and landowner Peter P. Goelet and his great-grandfather was Peter Goelet. In 1879, he inherited $500,000 after the death of his unmarried uncle, Peter Goelet.Career
After graduation from Columbia, he read law with William Curtis Noyes and was admitted to the New York bar in 1860. He later became partner with Noyes until his death, after which he joined William F. Allen and Vaughn Abbot, practicing as Allen, Abbott & Gerry. In 1874, <mask> took up the case of Mary Ellen McCormack, who had been abused by her foster parents, which he eventually argued before the Supreme Court of New York. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children
In 1875, as a result of Mary Ellen McCormack's case, he co-founded the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children "SPCC", sometimes called the Gerry Society, together with Quaker philanthropist John D. Wright and Henry Bergh, who he had previously helped found the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. SPCC was known as one of the first child protection societies in the country and he helped pass numerous laws to protect children. <mask> served as vice-president of SPCC, then as Wright's successor from 1879 to 1901, and finally as legal advisor until his death. The Society's deputies, nicknamed "<mask> men" or "the cruelty," aroused controversy by enforcing various laws, including child labor laws concerning public performances and were allowed to remove children from homes.Some criticized their activities as interfering with family life, or for imposing aristocratic white Protestant values upon immigrants, many of whom were Catholic or black. After 1903, many such child protection societies changed their focus from police to welfare work, following a Massachusetts model. The U.S. Supreme Court, in the widely reviled 1918 case Hammer v. Dagenhart, found the new federal child protection law, the Keating-Owen Act of 1916, violated the Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution, in a case now known for its dissent by Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.  Two years later, with <mask> as the organization's legal advisor, SPCCC bought the former House of Mercy for use as a temporary facility to house juveniles awaiting judicial action, since they had previously either been held at stationhouses or jailed with adult prisoners, where they were often victimized. House of Mercy had been organized in 1863 by Harriet Starr Cannon to assist abandoned and delinquent women and girls. New York Yacht Club
<mask> was Commodore of the New York Yacht Club. He held office from 1886 to 1892. The pilot boat <mask> T. <mask> was named in honor of him.Politics and boards
<mask> was a notable member of Tammany Hall, the Democratic political machine of Boss Tweed, for more than 35 years. In 1867, he served as a delegate to New York State Constitutional Convention, but never again sought elective office. From 1878 until 1912, he served as governor of the New York Hospital and was also a trustee of the New York Life Insurance Company. From 1886 until 1888, <mask> served as chairman of the New York State Commission on Capital Punishment, which replaced hanging with the electric chair. For this decision, a proposed name for this method before "electrocution" was adopted was "gerrycide". He was also chairman of the New York City Commission on Insanity in 1892. Personal life

In 1867, <mask> married Louisa Matilda Livingston (1836–1920).Louisa was the daughter of Robert James Livingston (1811–1891) and Louisa Matilda Storm (1807–1883) and the granddaughter of Maturin Livingston (1769–1847) and Margaret Lewis (1780–1860). Margaret was the only child and sole heiress of Gov. Morgan Lewis (1754–1844). Together, <mask> and Louisa had six children:

 Angelica Livingston <mask> (1871–1960), died unmarried. <mask> (1872–1930), who married Francis Saxham Elwes Drury (1859–1937), a widower, in 1925. Drury had previously been married to Mary Gertrude Peek (1861–1921)
 Lillian Goelet <mask> (1873-1891)
 Margaret "Pearl" <mask> (1868-1872)
 Robert Livingston <mask>, Sr. (1877–1957), who married Cornelia Averell Harriman (1884–1966), the second daughter of railroad executive E. H. Harriman and his wife Mary Williamson Averell, in 1908. Peter Goelet <mask> (1879–1957), U.S. Representative and Senator from Rhode Island, who married Mathilde Townsend in 1910.They divorced in 1925 and he later married Edith Stuyvesant Dresser (1873–1958), the widow of George Washington Vanderbilt II (1862–1914). In 1904, the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) painted <mask>'s portrait, which still hangs in the New York Yacht Club. <mask> died on February 18, 1927, about two weeks after breaking his hip in a fall, outliving his wife by seven years. He was entombed in the churchyard of St. James Church in Hyde Park, New York. The associated Episcopal church is best known for its association with Franklin D. Roosevelt, who served on the vestry and as senior warden, and tours of the cemetery continue to be offered. At his death, <mask> was reputed to be worth $26 million, primarily in landholdings, making him one of the city's wealthiest men. Residences

His family's New York mansion at 2 East 61st Street had long been a center of cultivated and fashionable life, even as it came to be surrounded by skyscrapers.When he built it, he told architect Richard Morris Hunt specifically about needing to house his collection of 30,000 law books and cost a reported $3,000,000. After his death, the family mansions in Manhattan were soon demolished, to make way for the Pierre Hotel. <mask> maintained a summer home named "Seaverge" on Bellevue Avenue in Newport, Rhode Island. His wife's estate in the Catskill Mountains was called "Aknusti", supposedly from an American Indian word meaning "expensive proposition." References

External links

Finding aid to the Elbridge <mask> papers at Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library

1837 births
1927 deaths
<mask> family
Goelet family
American sociologists
Lawyers from New York City
Members of the New York Yacht Club
New York (state) Democrats
Columbia College (New York) alumni

masks:
Elbridge Thomas Gerry
Gerry
Elbridge Gerry
Gerry
Thomas Russell Gerry
Gerry
Elbridge Gerry
Elbridge Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Elbridge
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Elbridge
Gerry
Mabel Gerry
Gerry
Louisa Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Gerry
Thomas Gerry
Gerry