texts:
<mask> (9 February 1943 – 27 July 2013) was a Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, stage designer, playwright, screenwriter, and poet. He is best known for his starring role in the film Dekalog: One directed by Krzysztof Kieślowski, and also appeared as Rosa's brother Josef in Rosa Luxemburg directed by Margarethe von Trotta and as Napoleon in Pan Tadeusz directed by Andrzej Wajda. He directed over 60 theater and opera productions in Europe, Russia and the US and was the Artistic Director of the Teatr Śląski (Silesian Theatre) in Katowice in the mid 2000s. He also directed four "television theatre" productions: ...yes I will Yes (1992, adapted from Ulysses by James Joyce), For Phaedra (1998), Saint Witch (2003), and Night is the Mother of Day (2004). Early life
Baranowski’s father <mask> was a well-known conductor and violinist in the Lviv Philharmonic, and his mother Irena (née Filbert) was the daughter of a Tsarist army officer in Kharkov. They met during the Second World War after the father had been transferred to the Kharkov opera following the Battle of Lwów in 1939. In 1942, the couple attempted to move away from the war torn region to Crakow, but only got as far as Tarnopol.That fall, the father was killed while searching for food by members of the Banderites. <mask> was born in Tarnopol on 9 February 1943, four months after his father's death. In 1944, the Baranowski family was deported to Germany to work in a labor camp near Bremen, where they remained for the last year of the war. They stayed in the American Zone of Occupation for three years, then moved first to Kliczków in Lower Silesia then to Bolesławiec. Baranowski studied mathematics at the University of Wrocław and was a graduate of Philosophy at the University of Warsaw (1968) and the Director's Department at the State Theater School in Warsaw (1973). Theatre
Baranowski made his directorial debut in 1973 at the Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw with The Maids by Jean Genet, and went on to direct several productions in theatres in Poland, including Man and Wife by Aleksander Fredro at the Teatr im. W. Bogusławski in Kalisz; Four of Them by Gabriela Zapolska at the Baltic Drama Theatre in Koszalin; Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen and Offending the Audience by Peter Handke at Teatr Polski in Bydgoszcz; Hello and Goodbye by Athol Fugard, The Castle by Franz Kafka, Princess Ivona by Witold Gombrowicz and Forefather's Eve by Adam Mickiewicz at the Theatre Jaracza in Olsztyn; School for Wives by Molière at the Teatr Polski in Poznań; and Long Day’s Journey into Night by Eugene O’Neill and Totenhorn by Kazimierz Truchanowski at the Teatr Śląski (Silesian Theatre) in Katowice.On the opening night of Totenhorn, Communist Party officials in attendance walked out, and the government shut down the production the next day. A literary conference was taking place nearby, and the writers organized a petition that reversed the decision. Baranowski staged one final production in Poland – Kafka's The Trial at the Palace of Culture and Science in Warsaw – before leaving the country. Baranowski emigrated to West Berlin in 1980 and rose to prominence in the city's Freie Theater scene, co-founding the company and theatre school TransformTheater Berlin and the International Directing Seminar at the Künstlerhaus Bethanien with Swiss filmmaker Bettina Wilhelm. <mask>'s stage adaptations of works by Joyce, Kafka and Dostoyevsky formed the core of TransformTheater Berlin's repertoire. In the early years, he mounted his productions in Berlin, but once the greater openness that followed the founding of Solidarity had been institutionalized, he renewed his work in Poland. Concurrently, he began working in regional theaters in Germany and internationally.His productions were presented at Berlin’s Hebbel am Ufer, the Gulbenkian Foundation in Lisbon, the Mittelfest in Italy, the European Theatre Festival in Cracow, and numerous other festivals and venues in Poland, Germany, Russia, Italy, Norway and the USA. In the mid-1990s, he moved to a house in Brwinów, a suburb of Warsaw. Baranowski made his English language debut with George Tabori's Peepshow in Chicago in 1991, which won a Joseph Jefferson Award for Best Ensemble. He went on to direct a number of other productions in the US in New York, Las Vegas, and Knoxville, Tennessee. In May 2001, he made his UK directing debut with an adaptation of Fyodor Dostoyevsky's The Idiot, produced by The Playground at the Riverside Studios in London. <mask>'s 2009 production of Loneliness on the Net, adapted from the novel by Janusz Leon Wiśniewski, has remained in the repertoire of the 837-seat Main Stage of the Baltic House in Saint Petersburg, Russia through the 2017/18 season, almost a decade after its premiere. Opera
Later in his career, Baranowski’s attention turned increasing to opera.His production of Philip Glass’ Akhnaten for the Teatr Wielki in Łodzi won a Silver Boat for Best Production and a Golden Mask for Best Director. His staging of Alfred Schnittke's Life with an Idiot in a co-production by the Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre and Hahn Produktion in Berlin won three Russian Golden Mask Awards, including Best Production. Theatre productions (director)
Theatre productions:
 1971 – The Maids   Teatr Ateneum im. S. Jaracza, Warsaw
 1971 – School of Wives   Teatr Polski, Poznań
 1971 – The Other Room'''   Teatr w Opolu
 1972 – Poison, Love, Singing (after Carlo Goldoni's The Two Venetian Twins) Teatr im. W. Bogusławskiego, Kalisz (also libretto)
 1973 – Ghosts   Teatr Polski, Bydgoszcz and Teatr im. Wojciecha Bogusławskiego, Kalisz (also adaptation)
 1974 – La Dame aux Camélias   Bałtycki Teatr Dramatyczny im. Juliusza Słowackiego, Koszalin-Słupsk (also stage adaptation)
 1974 – Twins Today(after Carlo Goldoni's The Two Venetian Twins) Bałtycki Teatr Dramatyczny im.Juliusza Słowackiego w Koszalinie
 1975 – Four of Them   Bałtycki Teatr Dramatyczny im. Juliusza Słowackiego w Koszalin-Słupsk
 1975 – The Maids   Teatr Polski, Bydgoszcz
 1975 – Offending the Audience   Teatr Polski, Bydgoszcz
 1975 – Life Lines stage adaptation of African poetry Estrada, Szczecin
 1975 – The Castle   Teatr im. S. Jaracza, Olsztyn-Elbląg
 1976 – Hello and Goodbye   Teatr im. Stefana Jaracza, Olsztyn-Elbląg
 1976 – Princess Ivona   Teatr im. Stefana Jaracza, Olsztyn-Elbląg
 1977 – Forefather's Eve   Teatr im. Stefana Jaracza, Olsztyn-Elbląg (also stage adaptation)
 1978 – Long Day's Journey into Night   Silesian Theatre, Katowice (also design)
 1978 – Totenhorn   Silesian Theatre, Katowice (also stage adaptation)
 1979 – The Source   Teatr Polski, Szczecin
 1979 – The Trial   Teatr Studio at the Palace of Culture and Science, Warsaw
 1981 – The Maids   TransformTheater Berlin
 1983 – Termitière Suprème-Anthropomorphosen (site-specific performance in urban plaza, texts by James Joyce) TransformTheater Berlin
 1985 – He Who Gets Slapped   TransformTheater Berlin at the Renaissance Theater, Berlin
 1985 – Japanese Games   TransformTheater Berlin at Künstlerhaus Hannover, tour to Oslo, Bergen and Aarhus
 1985 – Despoiled Shore. Medeamaterial.Work in Progress. Silesian Theatre, Katowice
 2006 – The Old Woman Broods   Teatr Ludowy, Kraków
 2009 – Loneliness on the Net   Baltic House, St. Petersburg, Russia
 2012 – The Tempest   Volkov Theatre, Yaroslavl

Opera productions
Opera productions:
 1993 – Die Fledermaus   Teatr Wielki im. Stanisława Moniuszki, Poznań (also adaptation and lighting design) tour of the Netherlands
 2000 – Akhnaten   Teatr Wielki, Łódź (also design)
 2001 – Porgy and Bess   Teatr Wielki, Łódź
 2003 – Life With an Idiot   Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre and Hahn Produktion Toured to Moscow and Rome and to Munich, Magdeburg, and the Deutsche Oper in Berlin as part of the Russian Culture Days in Germany 2003/4
 2004 – Rigoletto   Opera Krakowska
 2006 – Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk   Novosibirsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre
 2007 – The Barber of Seville   Teatr Wielki, Łódź (also adaptation, design)
 2012 – The Elixir of Love   Opera Krakowska (also design)

Television productions
Television productions:
 1992 – ...yes I will Yes (also wrote screenplay)
 1998 – For Phaedra 2003 – Saint Witch 2004 – Night is the Mother of DaySelected filmography
Films:
 Wszystko (1972, dir. Piotr Szulkin)
 Rosa Luxemburg Josef, Rosa's brother (1986, dir. Margarethe von Trotta)
 Dekalog Krzysztof (1988, dir. Krzysztof Kieslowski)
 Dekalog: One
 Dekalog: Three Pan Tadeusz Napoleon Bonaparte (1999, dir.

masks:
Henryk Baranowski
Stanisław Baranowski
Henryk
Baranowski
Baranowski


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1971) is a politician in Afghanistan. He was the last Foreign Minister in the Taliban government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. Prior to this, he served as spokesman and secretary to Mullah Mohammed Omar, leader of the Taliban. After the Northern Alliance, accompanied by U.S. and British forces, ousted the regime, <mask> surrendered in Kandahar to government troops. In 2005, he announced that he would be a candidate in the elections for the House of the People. Early life
<mask> is originally from Keshkinakhud in Maywand District, Kandahar Province. He is not known for being a mujahed in the 1980s Soviet invasion, but his father, Abdul Ghafar Barialai, is an extremely famous Pashto poet in southern Afghanistan and was killed during Taraki's rule.He belongs to the Kakar tribe. Taliban
In the early period of the Taliban movement, Muttawakil, who had been a madrasa student under Mohammed Omar, served as Omar's companion, driver, food taster, translator and secretary. He progressed to being his official spokesman, communicating with the press, foreign diplomats and aid agencies. He was appointed foreign minister on  27 October 1999, replacing Mohammad Hasan Akhund, and remained in that position until the Taliban were deposed in late 2001. According to the BBC, in July 2001 Muttawakil was told by Tohir Yo'ldosh, leader of the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, that al-Qaeda was planning to launch a huge attack within the United States. Muttawakil was worried that this would lead to the American military retaliating against Afghanistan. He sent an envoy to meet a US diplomat in Peshawar, Pakistan, to warn of the plan and to urge the US to launch a military attack on al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, but US officials were skeptical about the information.The aide also warned United Nations officials. Al-Qaeda used hijacked airliners to attack the United States on September 11, 2001. Defection from the Taliban

In October 2001, the month following al Qaeda's attacks in the USA, Muttawakil was reported to be in Pakistan. According to the BBC some rumors said he was trying to negotiate an end to the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan; that he was suggesting the Taliban hand over Bin Laden. Muttawakil was reported to have had a 90-minute meeting with Lieutenant General Ehsan ul Haq, the head of Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate. He was rumored to have asked General Haq to lobby United States Secretary of State Colin Powell, that an American ceasefire would allow moderate elements within the Taliban, like Muttawakil, to push Taliban leader Mullah Mohammed Omar to abandon Bin Laden. On October 15, 2001, it was reported that Muttawakil had arrived in the United Arab Emirates in order to defect from the Taliban.UAE officials denied this report. The BBC confirmed that <mask> had surrendered, after two weeks of negotiation, in early February 2002. Abdullah Abdullah, the minister who held the same portfolio in Hamid Karzai's Afghan Transitional Authority as Muttawakil had held under the Taliban, stated that <mask> should stand trial for war crimes. Detention

Fazal Mohammad, detained on suspicion of being a former Taliban commander, was released from American custody for medical reasons in mid-2002. He reported that he had been held in American custody in Kandahar with about 300 other captives, including <mask> <mask>, and two of his former deputies, Khirullah Khairkhwa, and Abdul Hai Mutmaen. He reported that they were fed starvation rations, their wounds were left untreated, and that captives were subjected to sexual abuse, and attacks from dogs. The BBC reported on October 8, 2003, that <mask> had recently been released from eighteen months of detention in Bagram, and had returned to his family's home in Kandahar.<mask> is reported to have said:

On July 4, 2005, the BBC reported that <mask> spent the three years after his surrender in US detention and under Afghan house arrest. Following the end of his house arrest <mask> took positions at odds with those of the former Taliban regime. He said he no longer opposed female education, so long as it was consistent with Afghan culture. And he said that supporting Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda had brought suffering to Afghanistan. But he still defended some other aspects of the Taliban's former policies. Disowned by the Taliban

On  October 21, 2003, the Taliban disowned Muttawakil. The BBC was told by a Taliban spokesman that Muttawakil "does not represent our will".In 2003, <mask>'s location and status was a matter for speculation. The BBC reported that he had been released from detention from the United States Bagram Theater Detention Facility. The BBC also reports that the US was guarding him, for his own protection, at their base in Kandahar. They report that aides to <mask> assert that the USA has given Muttawakil two choices:
join the Karzai government as a spokesman and adviser to the Afghan president; or seek political asylum in a Western country. However, the aides said, Muttawakil wanted to take a break from involvement in Afghan politics, and, if he were to seek asylum, he would wish to do so in an Arab country. Present

<mask> ran for parliamentary elections in September 2005. W.A.<mask>'s brother Maulvi Jalil <mask> was for six years a Muslim cleric in the city of Quetta, Pakistan. He was killed in a shooting incident in Quetta in July 2005. Move to Kabul

An article in the German publication Der Spiegel, on April 12, 2007, about the Taliban's former ambassador to Pakistan, Abdul Salam Zaeef, said he had moved into a "... handsome guest house, located in the dusty modern neighborhood Khosh Hal Khan." The article goes on to state that the new home Karzai's government has provided Zaeef is around the corner from <mask>'s. Der Spiegel described Zaeef's home as being guarded, inside and out, by a heavily armed security detail. Like Muttawakil, Zaeef is regarded as one of the more moderate former members of the Taliban. Saudi peace talks

During Ramadan in 2008, there were rumors that Saudi King Abdullah was attempting to broker peace talks between the warring parties from Afghanistan.<mask>, former Taliban Ambassador to Pakistan Abdul Salem Zaeef and former Supreme Court Chief Justice Fazel Hadi Shinwari were among leading Afghan figures who met with King Abdullah. Zaeef acknowledged being invited by Abdullah to dine with other leading Afghan figures, from the Karzai government, the Taliban, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-e-Islami and other former members of the Taliban. Zaeef denied this meeting should be characterized as "peace talks". He stated that none of the individuals at this meeting had been authorized to conduct negotiations. Zaeef denied anyone discussed Afghanistan at this meeting. Sanctions
In 1999, the UN Security Council established a sanctions regime to cover individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida, Osama bin Laden and/or the Taliban. Since the US Invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the sanctions were applied to individuals and organizations in all parts of the world, also targeting former members of the Taliban government.<mask> was added to this list in 2001. On January 27, 2010, a United Nations sanctions committee removed him and four other former senior Taliban officials from this list, in a move favoured by Afghan President Karzai. The decision means he and the four others would no longer be subject to an international travel ban, assets freeze and arms embargo. See also
Disarmed Enemy Forces
Civilian Internee

References

1971 births
Living people
Bagram Theater Internment Facility detainees
Kandahar detention facility detainees
Taliban spokespersons
Government ministers of Afghanistan
Taliban leaders
Pashtun people
Taliban government ministers of Afghanistan

masks:
Wakil Ahmad Muttawakil Abdul Ghaffar
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Wakil
Ahmed Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Ahmed
Muttawakil
Muttawakil
Muttawakil


texts:
<mask>, AC QC (6 November 1904 – 9 September 1994) was an Australian lawyer, textile worker, union organiser and politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council for the Labor Party for 31 years from 1940 to 1972 and also served as the Attorney General, Minister for Justice and Vice-President of the Executive Council from 1941 to 1965. Early years and background
<mask> was born in the New South Wales town of Tumut in 1904, the son of council worker <mask> and Frances Jean Galvin. The cousin of former member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Tumut, Thomas O'Mara as well as future NSW Attorneys General, Bill Sheahan and Terry Sheahan, <mask>'s younger brother, <mask>, would also join the NSW Parliament as an MP for Ryde. Initially educated at the Tumut convent school and St Patrick's College, Goulburn, <mask> left school at age 15 and worked to support his family. Later moving to Sydney, he found work in the Bonds textile factory. It was here that he joined the Australian Textile Workers' Union, rising to become a union organiser and eventually state president from 1928 until 1934.Rising further to be New South Wales secretary and federal president (1934–1941) as well as a trustee of the Labor Council, <mask> soon joined the Labor Party, becoming president of Gladesville Branch. On 11 April 1932 he married Rose Moyeen Ashcroft and had one daughter and two sons. Intending to finish his education that he left as a 15-year-old, <mask> matriculated at the University of Sydney in 1938. He then proceeded to study law, graduating with a Bachelor of Laws in 1943 and being called to the New South Wales bar the same year. Political career
As a high-ranking unionist and a senior member of the Labor Council of New South Wales, <mask> became heavily associated with the movement within the Labor Party led by Bob Heffron to depose the party leader, Jack Lang. Heffron's strategy was based largely upon a left-wing trade union rebellion against Lang. Although <mask> was sympathetic towards Heffron, he remained firmly behind the party and was a close friend to William McKell, who would successfully depose Lang in 1939.At the encouragement of McKell, <mask> stood for preselection in the New South Wales Legislative Council and in 1940 was duly elected. When the conservative United Australia Party government of Alexander Mair was brought down at the 1941 election, <mask>, while still studying for his law degree, was appointed on 16 May 1941 by Premier McKell as Minister for Justice and Vice-President of the Executive Council. He would go on to serve during the entire period of Labor government as Vice-President of the Executive Council for 24 years and Minister of Justice for 19 years to 1956 when he was made Attorney General. His significant tenure as minister during this period included reforms in consumer law and women's rights as well as the establishment of the Suitors Fund and law reform committees, which were the predecessors to the Law Reform Commission. <mask> also actively pursued the abolition of capital punishment in New South Wales, leading to its abolition for murder cases in 1955. Emphasising rehabilitation, he reformed the prison system, setting up the Parole Board and the Adult Probation Service, and appointing a consulting psychiatrist to the Prisons Department. However, serving during a period of conservatism and rampant homophobia, <mask> presided over an increase on official action against homosexuality in Government and the NSW Police Force Vice Squad.<mask> also acted to establish a parliamentary committee to investigate the incidence of homosexuality in society, remarking: "The public will realise how difficult it is to recognise and identify homosexuals when it is recalled that many of these offenders before the Court are persons who have held responsible positions and were otherwise of unblemished character. All expert opinion here and overseas is that it is difficult to recognise offenders." In 1951, with the support of Police Commissioner Colin Delaney, noted for his obsession against homosexuality, Downing moved an amendment to the Crimes Act 1900 to ensure that "buggery" remained a criminal act "with or without the consent of the person", removing the previously existing legal loophole of consent. <mask> also successfully lobbied for the reopening of Cooma Correctional Centre in 1957, as a prison specifically for men convicted of homosexual acts, and also established a committee to study the men incarcerated there for the purpose of finding the "causes and treatments of homosexuality". He served as Attorney General until the Labor government of Jack Renshaw lost to the Liberal/Country party Coalition of Robert Askin in 1965. Thereafter, <mask>, who had previous served as the Leader of the Government in the Legislative Council, became the Leader of the New South Wales Opposition in the Legislative Council, a role in which he would serve until his retirement from politics. Later life and honours
While in parliament, <mask> was foundation member of the New South Wales Cancer Council and was very active within the Australian Cancer Society, becoming its president from 1969 to 1972, and also as a trustee of Taronga Park Zoo from 1942 until 1972.<mask> retired from the legislative council after thirty-one years in February 1972 and returned to legal practice, being appointed a Queen's Counsel (QC) in 1973. In recognition of his service to NSW and to the university as a Fellow from 1949 to 1967, the University of Sydney conferred upon him an Honorary Doctor of Laws (Hon.LLD) on 3 June 1972. On 11 June 1979, he was invested as a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) "In recognition of service to politics and government" In 1991, the newly refurbished courts building in Elizabeth Street, Sydney was named the "Downing Centre" in his honour. The owner of a 700-acre sheep property outside Goulburn, <mask> lived there in quiet retirement until his death aged 89 on 9 September 1994. References

1904 births
1994 deaths
Attorneys General of New South Wales
Australian barristers
Australian Queen's Counsel
Australian trade unionists
Companions of the Order of Australia
Leaders of the Opposition in New South Wales
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
Queen's Counsel 1901–2000
University of Sydney alumni
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of New South Wales
20th-century Australian politicians

masks:
Robert Reginald Downing
Robert Reginald Downing
Robert Downing
Downing
Francis George Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing
Downing


texts:
<mask> (born August 14, 1940) is a retired American college and professional football coach and player. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and an alumnus of Penn State University, where he played college football. <mask> was previously the offensive coordinator at the University of Oklahoma and the University of Florida, and the head coach of the University of Florida, the Orlando Thunder, the Rhein Fire, and the XFL's Orlando Rage. He most recently served as the offensive coordinator at his alma mater, Penn State. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Altoona, Pennsylvania in 1940 and grew up in Williamsburg, Pennsylvania. He was raised by his grandparents, following the death of his father several months before he was born. He attended Penn State University in State College, Pennsylvania, where he was the starting quarterback for coach Rip Engle's Nittany Lions in 1960 and 1961.He led the Nittany Lions to a combined 15–6 record and victories in the 1960 Liberty Bowl and 1961 Gator Bowl. He was named the outstanding player in the sole playing of the U.S. Bowl, a college all-star game played in Washington, DC in 1962. Professional football career

<mask> had a short stint as quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) in 1962, during which he appeared in three games with the Washington Redskins. Afterward, he played for the New York Jets of the American Football League (AFL) in 1963. <mask> appeared in thirteen games that season, completing 45 of 118 pass attempts, including his only start, a 48–0 loss late in the season against the Kansas City Chiefs. Coaching career

College coaching

Oklahoma

<mask> served as offensive backfield and ends coach for West Virginia University from 1964 to 1965, and in 1966 he joined the University of Oklahoma staff as receivers coach and was the offensive coordinator there from 1973 to 1983. During that time, the Sooners boasted one of the most prolific offenses in college football, predominantly using the wishbone attack, won two national championships, and produced Heisman-winning running back Billy Sims.After a disappointing season in 1983, Oklahoma replaced many assistant coaches while retaining head coach Barry Switzer. <mask> was let go, but was quickly hired to be the new offensive coordinator for the Florida Gators to replace Mike Shanahan, who had left Florida for the NFL. Florida

Hall installed a conventional I formation offense at Florida under head coach Charley Pell for the 1984 season. However, between the third and fourth games, Pell was fired after an NCAA investigation alleged 107 violations of NCAA rules. <mask>, who had not been at Florida when the violations occurred between 1979 and 1983, was made the interim head coach by athletic director Bill Carr. The Gators won the remaining eight games on their schedule under <mask>, including big wins over arch-rivals Georgia, Auburn, and Florida State, and finished with a 9–1–1 record. By virtue of an undefeated 5–0–1 conference record, Florida won its first-ever Southeastern Conference (SEC) football championship.The team finished the season ranked No. 3 in the AP poll, the team's highest ever ranking up to that time. However, the SEC refused to allow the Gators to play in the Sugar Bowl; LSU went in their place. Two weeks after the end of the season, the NCAA slapped the Gators with two years' probation (a third year was later suspended) and banned them from bowl games and live television in 1985 and 1986. The most damaging sanction in the long run, however, was a limit of 20 new scholarships in 1985 and 1986, and a reduction to 85 total scholarships in 1985 and 75 in 1986. Nonetheless, the Gators were crowned national champions by several minor polls, including that of The New York Times. <mask> was named the Associated Press Coach of the Year and university president Marshall Criser named him the permanent head coach at the end of the season.On May 30, 1985, the SEC university presidents voted 6–4 to vacate Florida's 1984 SEC title and make the team ineligible for the conference title during the upcoming 1985 and 1986 seasons because of the rule violations committed under Pell, overturning an executive committee ruling that allowed the Gators to keep their 1984 title. The decision drew much anger from Criser and Gator players and fans due to its retroactive nature. Despite the sanctions, <mask>'s 1985 Gators would again go 9–1–1 on the field and tie for the SEC lead with a 5–1 conference record, but could not claim the conference title because of NCAA and SEC probation. The 1984 and 1985 seasons are remembered as "Best in the SEC" years for Florida football. However, <mask>'s subsequent Gators teams were hamstrung by the severe sanctions imposed for violations under Pell. The most damaging sanctions in the long run were scholarship restrictions that severely limited the team's recruiting; <mask>'s first two recruiting classes only had 25 players. The sanctions began taking their full effect midway through <mask>'s tenure; between 1986 and 1989, <mask>'s Gators never won more than seven games in a season, and never won more than four games in SEC play.Even with the burden of the sanctions hanging over them, <mask>'s teams remained competitive; they never suffered a losing season overall and only had one losing SEC record. <mask>'s teams typically featured a powerful rushing attack (especially with record-setting running back Emmitt Smith) and strong defense. Interim university president Robert A. Bryan forced <mask>'s resignation in the middle of the 1989 season during another investigation of possible NCAA rule violations. The new allegations were primarily related to <mask> paying several of his assistants out of his own pocket (violating an NCAA rule that capped salaries, a rule later found to be in violation of federal antitrust laws) as well as paying the legal expenses related to the child-support obligations of one of his players, allegations that he still denies. The NCAA ultimately slapped the Gators with two years' probation, and banned them from bowl consideration for the 1990 season. It deemed <mask>'s alleged violations serious enough that it would have kicked the Gators off live television during the 1990 season as well had school officials not forced <mask>'s resignation. <mask> has not been hired as a college head coach ever since—and indeed, wouldn't return to the collegiate ranks again in any capacity for 15 years—prompting later employer Joe Paterno to call him "a good coach who got screwed".Professional coaching

In 1992, <mask> was the second head coach of the Orlando Thunder of the World League of American Football. He coached the team to an 8–2 record before losing to the Sacramento Surge in the World Bowl II championship game. In 1994, <mask> became the head coach of the Charlotte Rage of the Arena Football League. He led the team to a 5–7 record, and a spot in the playoffs. He went on to become head coach of the Rhein Fire in NFL Europe from 1995 to 2000, leading the team to three World Bowl berths, including NFL Europe championships in 1998 and 2000. He is the second-winningest coach in NFL Europe history with forty-four victories and was selected Coach of the Year three times. In 2001 <mask> was named head coach of the XFL's Orlando Rage, posting a league-best 8–2 record before losing in the first round of the playoffs.He was named XFL Coach of the Year in the league's only season. He was reunited with former Florida running back Emmitt Smith while serving as running backs coach for the Dallas Cowboys in 2002. Back to college

In late 2004, <mask> returned to his alma mater, Penn State, to become the offensive coordinator and running backs coach under head coach Joe Paterno, who had been an assistant coach at Penn State during his college days. The Nittany Lions were coming off of consecutive losing seasons, but finished the 2005 slate with an 11–1 record and a share of the Big Ten Conference title behind a much-improved offensive attack. They would win nine games in 2006 and 2007, and won the conference title in 2008 with another 11–1 record, earning a trip to the Rose Bowl and fielding one of top offenses in college football. Retirement
Paterno was ousted late in the 2011 season due to fallout from the Penn State child sex abuse scandal. Though <mask> had no connection to the scandal, new head coach Bill O'Brien let him go after the season along with the rest of Paterno's staff.In 2015, <mask> and some of Paterno's other former assistant coaches filed suit against Penn State because the school allegedly did not fulfill their employment contracts and cut short payment of their severance packages. After leaving Penn State, <mask> retired to Groveland, Florida. Head coaching record

College

* SEC championship vacated.‡ Ineligible for SEC title, bowl game and Coaches' Poll

Professional

See also
 List of American Football League players
 List of Pennsylvania State University people

References

Bibliography

  2012 Florida Football Media Guide, University Athletic Association, Gainesville, Florida (2012). Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).  .
 Golenbock, Peter, Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002).  .
 Hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002).  .
 McCarthy, Kevin M.,  Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000).  .
 Nash, Noel, ed., The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football, Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998).  . External links
 Orlando Rage profile

1940 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Charlotte Rage coaches
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Florida Gators football coaches
New York Jets players
Oklahoma Sooners football coaches
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Penn State Nittany Lions football coaches
Rhein Fire coaches
Washington Redskins players
Orlando Rage coaches
Sportspeople from Altoona, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania
People from Groveland, Florida
American Football League players

masks:
Galen Samuel Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
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Mo'<mask> (born June 24, 2001) is an American former Little League Baseball pitcher and current Hampton University softball player from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She was one of two girls who played in the 2014 Little League World Series and was the first girl to earn a win and to throw a shutout in Little League World Series history. She was the 18th girl overall to play and the sixth to get a hit. She was also the first Little League baseball player to appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated as a Little League player. Biography
<mask> is the daughter of <mask> and Lakeisha McLean. She has lived with her mother and stepfather, Mark Williams, since the age of six. In 2008, Steve Bandura, who is program director for Marian Anderson Recreation Center in South Philadelphia, observed <mask> playing football with her cousins and older brother.He noticed that "she was throwing this football in perfect spirals, effortless and running these tough kids down and tackling them." Bandura asked her if she would like to come to a basketball practice. When she came to practice, Bandura asked her to watch the practice, but she wanted to participate. Bandura told The Philadelphia Tribune that "Her eyes were just glued on the drill and, when it came time for her turn, she went through it like she has been doing it a thousand times. I just knew right then." According to The Philadelphia Tribune, <mask> became Bandura's best basketball player and the only girl on the team. She also began playing and excelling at baseball and soccer.Bandura, together with other sponsors, helped <mask> transfer to Springside Chestnut Hill Academy, which is a private girls' school. Her mother, Lakeisha McLean, told The Philadelphia Tribune that she was unaware that her daughter was so athletic. In 2011, she was a point guard in basketball, a pitcher, shortstop, and third baseman in baseball, but she revealed that she started pitching when she was a substitute from outfielder, and mid-fielder for soccer. As of August 2014, while notable as a Little League pitcher, she considered basketball her primary sport. She aspired to become a WNBA player, and had expressed desire to play college basketball for the UConn Huskies of the University of Connecticut, despite not being formally recruited, and follow in the footsteps of Maya Moore, a UConn alumna who went on to play in WNBA. In 2015, she released a memoir, written with Hilary Beard, Mo'ne <mask>: Remember My Name. That year she also teamed up with the brand M4D3 (Make A Difference Everyday) to design a line of sneakers for girls, with some of the proceeds going toward the Plan International’s Because I Am a Girl initiative, which has the goal of helping to lift four million girls in the developing world out of poverty.In 2018, she committed to Hampton University to play softball starting in the fall of 2019. <mask> made her debut for the Lady Pirates on February 8, 2020, going 1-for-3, driving in two runs, and recording a sacrifice in Hampton's 15–4 win over North Carolina A&T. <mask> now plays second base at Hampton. Pitching
At age 13, <mask> threw a  fastball, while the average velocity in her age class was  to  range. According to Will Femia, a  pitch (which was clocked during her August 15, 2014 game) is equivalent in reaction time at the plate for a batter to a  pitch on a full sized diamond. She also threw a curve ball that gave "opposing hitters fits". <mask> relied more on the precise mechanics of pitching rather than strength.According to John Brenkus of ESPN, <mask> had a wind up and release point that never varied by more than 3 degrees. Although her arm was 15% shorter than a major league pitcher's arm, she was able to deliver balls at over . Her pitching was compared to the throwing motion of major league pitcher Jonathan Papelbon. At the end of her throwing motion, her arm was moving forward at peak angular velocity of 2500˚/sec, which was over 80% of the peak angular velocity (3000˚/sec) of typical major league pitchers. Little League World Series

Background
In 1972, Maria Pepe was the first girl to start in Little League games, but she was removed when opposing teams demanded her removal. The National Organization for Women filed suit for Pepe, and in 1973 Judge Sylvia Pressler ruled that "The institution of Little League is as American as the hot dog and apple pie. There is no reason why that part of Americana should be withheld from girls."Although the ruling came too late for Pepe to play, since she had turned 14, the ruling made it possible for <mask> and other girls to play Little League baseball. <mask> was the fourth American girl and 18th overall to play in the Little League World Series, out of almost 9,000 participants since the tournament began in 1947. The 2014 Little League World Series was also the third time in which two girls participated. <mask> was also the sixth girl to get a hit in Little League World Series history. On August 10, 2014, <mask> pitched a three-hit 8–0 shutout over Newark National Little League of Delaware to get into the Mid-Atlantic Region of the Little League World Series. First win for a girl
On August 15, 2014, <mask> was the first girl in Little League World Series history to pitch a winning game for the Taney Dragons and earned the win, which also made her the first girl to pitch a shutout in Little League postseason history. She led her team to a 4–0 victory over Nashville.She pitched six innings, struck out eight batters, and gave up two infield hits. In the sixth inning, she struck out the first two batters, and she brought a third batter to a full count when she struck him out. After the game, Pennsylvania governor Tom Corbett predicted that some day she would play in professional baseball. Television ratings
ESPN's broadcast of the semifinals game in which <mask> played on August 20, 2014 brought a 3.4 overnight rating, which marked an all-time high for Little League on ESPN. In the game, <mask> was tagged with the loss after she failed to make it out of the 3rd inning, giving up 3 earned runs in 2.1 innings. She later made an error at first as Nevada won the game 8-1, eliminating Pennsylvania from series contention. Media and celebrity
After becoming the first female to pitch a shutout in postseason Little League history, she received congratulatory Twitter messages from Mike Trout, Marcus Stroman, Kevin Durant, and requests for interviews by television hosts such as Jimmy Fallon.Rachel Maddow said that <mask> was the "best new thing in the world". She also was praised by Ellen DeGeneres, Billie Jean King, and Michelle Obama. <mask> told ESPN "I never thought at the age of 13 I'd be a role model. I always wanted to be a role model, but being a baseball role model is really cool." She appeared on the August 25, 2014 Sports Illustrated front cover, which made her the first Little League baseball player to appear on the front cover of a top US sports magazine as a Little League player. Asked about appearing on cover of Sports Illustrated, <mask> said "I don't know. Kind of surprised, but I mean, it was fun."In 2014, Paul Graziano, who had been the Little League World Series press box announcer for the last 34 years, stated that he had never seen the level of excitement as early in the tournament and that this was partly due to the presence of <mask>. The crowds cheered every time <mask> pitches or was at bat, and she received standing ovations as she was pitching her shut-out win on August 15, 2014. On August 19, 2014, Mark Hyman, assistant professor of sports management at George Washington University, told The New York Times that "She's the most talked-about baseball player on earth right now". According to The New York Times, <mask> increased the ratings of ABC and ESPN and, as of August 19, <mask> had appeared on the front page of The Philadelphia Inquirer for five straight days. Josh Peter, writing for USA Today, raised concern about the merchandising and marketing surrounding <mask>' celebrity. For example, on August 20, 2014, a baseball appeared on eBay, and the auction price was up to $510, along with approximately 40 other items supposedly autographed by <mask>. However, it was not just the autograph seekers who created problems for <mask>.According to Peter, two companies were selling unauthorized Mo'ne jerseys. In September 2014, <mask> donated her jersey to the Baseball Hall of Fame. She was accompanied by teammates from the Anderson Monarchs. Mamie Johnson, one of the three women to play in Negro league baseball was present at the event. In October 2014, <mask> was named one of "The 25 Most Influential Teens of 2014" by Time magazine. Also in October, a 16-minute documentary about <mask>, entitled I Throw Like a Girl, directed by Spike Lee, and produced by Spike DDB for Chevrolet, was released. On October 25 <mask> threw out the ceremonial first pitch of game 4 of the MLB World Series at AT&T Park in San Francisco.In addition, <mask> was named Sports Illustrated Kids "SportsKid of the Year" for 2014. and was named one of ESPNW's Impact 25 in 2014. In March 2015, Bloomsburg University baseball player Joey Casselberry made a crude remark about her on Twitter and was suspended from future play. After he had made a public apology, <mask> initiated a plea to the school, requesting that the player be reinstated. Bloomsburg University responded with the statement: "Her request demonstrates the type of person she is, her level of maturity and the empathy that her family and coach teach her. Bloomsburg University stands firm on our decision; however, his consequences will be reviewed as is common in disciplinary actions like this." <mask> was shown in Marie Claire magazine's "The 8 Greatest Moments for Women in Sports". In July 2015 <mask> won the Best Breakthrough Athlete ESPY Award.Analysis of her broader impact
In 2014, writing for CNN, Kelly Wallace suggested that <mask>' accomplishments will affect both girls and boys, women and men. In Wallace's view, she will inspire girls who want to play baseball in the future. To support this view, Wallace cited the case of Stephanie Tuck, who, as a girl, played on a Little League team. Tuck, recounting the experience of Little league play, said "I was heckled by the dads: 'Get that girl off the field.' I used to literally pray the ball would not come to me in right field, as the pressure was so intense." Wallace also wrote that <mask>' play will remove the "specialness" of girls playing at the level of boys. In the future, fans will look at how good a player is, and gender will not be important.For men and boys, Wallace argued that <mask>' performance will reduce gender biases about the roles of boys and girls. For example, "Throwing like a girl", according to Wallace, now has a completely different and positive meaning. Melissa Isaacson, writing for ABC News, expressed similar views. Wallace also speculated that the more attention female athletes such as <mask> receive from girls, boys, men, and women, the more popular women's sports will become. Finally, Wallace suggested that the tremendous interest that <mask> has piqued in the Little League World Series might lead to increased participation of both boys and girls in baseball, which has suffered from major league "performance-enhancing drug scandals". See also

 Lizzie Arlington
 Ila Borders
 Tiffany Brooks
 Julie Croteau
 Margaret Gisolo
 Edith Houghton
 Mamie Johnson
 Carolyn King
 Kathryn Johnston Massar
 Jackie Mitchell
 Maud Nelson
 Carey Schueler
 Toni Stone
 Alta Weiss
 Eri Yoshida
 Women in baseball

References

External links

Taney Baseball

Living people
Little League
Female baseball players
Baseball pitchers
Baseball players from Philadelphia
Softball players from Pennsylvania
African-American baseball players
2001 births
African-American sportswomen
Hampton Lady Pirates softball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women

masks:
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Lamar Davis
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<mask> (or Abovyan; ;  (disappeared)) was an Armenian writer and national public figure of the early 19th century who mysteriously vanished in 1848 and was eventually presumed dead. He was an educator, poet and an advocate of modernization. Reputed as the father of modern Armenian literature, he is best remembered for his novel Wounds of Armenia. Written in 1841 and published posthumously in 1858, it was the first novel published in the modern Armenian language, using Eastern Armenian based on the Yerevan dialect instead of Classical Armenian. <mask> was far ahead of his time and virtually none of his works were published during his lifetime. Only after the establishment of the Armenian SSR was Abovian accorded recognition and stature. <mask> is regarded as one of the foremost figures not just in Armenian literature, but Armenian history at large.Abovian's influence on Western Armenian literature was not as strong as it was on Eastern Armenian, particularly in its formative years. Early life and career

Abovian was born in 1809 in the village of Kanaker, then part of the Qajar Persian Empire, and now a district of Yerevan, Armenia. Abovian's family were descendants of the Beglaryan melik family in Gulistan, one of five Armenian families who ruled around the current day region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The Abovian family held the position of tanuter (a hereditary lordship) in Kanaker; Abovian's uncle was the last tanuter of Kanaker. His aunt was the wife of Sahak Aghamalian, the last melik of Yerevan at the time of the Russian annexation in 1828. His social origins and descent imbued him at an early age with a sense of responsibility to his people. He was born six years after his parents, Avetik and Takuhi, married.He had a brother, Garabed, who died at the age of three. At age 10, Abovian was taken by his father to Echmiadzin to study for the priesthood. He dropped out after five years and moved to Tiflis in 1822 to study Armenian studies and languages at the Nersisyan School under the guidance of Harutiun Alamdarian. Abovian graduated in 1826 and began preparing to move to Venice to further his education. However, the outbreak of the Russo-Persian War (1826–28) curtailed his plans. For the following three years he taught briefly at Sanahin and then worked for Catholicos Yeprem of Armenia as his clerk and translator. While working for the Catholicos, the twenty-year-old Abovian met many notable foreigners, including the diplomat and playwright Alexandr Griboyedov, who was stuck in Echmiadzin en route to Tabriz in September 1828.Griboyedov's weekly Tifliskiye Vedemosti became the first paper to publish an article on Abovian. Conquest of Ararat
The turning point in Abovian's life was the arrival of Friedrich Parrot in Armenia in September 1829, a professor of physics from the University of Dorpat in Livonia (in present-day Tartu, Estonia). Parrot traveled to Armenia to climb Mount Ararat to conduct geological studies and required a local guide and a translator for the expedition. The Catholicos assigned Abovian to these tasks. With Abovian's assistance, Parrot became the first explorer in modern times to reach the summit of Mount Ararat. The project received full approval from the emperor Nicholas I, who provided the expedition with a military escort. Abovian and Parrot crossed the Arax River into the district of Surmali and headed to the Armenian village of Akhuri situated on the northern slope of Ararat  above sea level.Following the advice of Harutiun Alamdarian of Tiflis, they set up base camp at the Monastery of St. Hakob some  higher, at an elevation of . Abovian was one of the last travelers to visit Akhuri and the monastery before a disastrous earthquake completely buried both in May 1840. Their first attempt to climb the mountain, using the northeast slope, failed as a result of lack of warm clothing. Six days later, on the advice of Stepan Khojiants, the village chief of Akhuri, the ascent was attempted from the northwest side. After reaching an elevation of , they turned back because they did not reach the summit before sundown. They reached the summit on their third attempt at 3:15 p.m. on October 9, 1829. Abovian dug a hole in the ice and erected a wooden cross facing north.<mask> picked up a chunk of ice from the summit and carried it down with him in a bottle, considering the water holy. On November 8, Parrot and <mask> climbed up Lesser Ararat. Years later, in 1845, the German mineralogist Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich climbed Ararat with Abovian. <mask>'s third and last ascent of Ararat was with the Englishman Henry Danby Seymour in 1846. The Dorpat years

Impressed with <mask>'s thirst for knowledge, Parrot arranged for a Russian state scholarship for Abovian to study at the University of Dorpat in 1830. He entered the university directly without additional preparation and studied in the Philosophy faculty of the Philological-Historical department from September 3, 1830, until January 18, 1836. The years in Dorpat (present-day Tartu, Estonia) were very fruitful for Abovian who studied social and natural sciences, European literature and philosophy, and mastered German, Russian, French and Latin.At this time Abovian fell under the influence of German Romanticism. In addition, Abovian established numerous contacts with European intellectuals of the time. At the university he became friends with the sons of Nikolay Karamzin who studied with him. In 1834 Abovian visited his cousin Maria (daughter of melik Sahak Aghamalian) in St. Petersburg, then married to the Georgian Prince Alexander. Prior to graduation, Abovian learned that his mother Takuhi had died. Return to Armenia

In 1836 he returned home anxious to embark on a mission of enlightenment. Abovian's efforts were thwarted as he faced a growing and hostile reaction from the Armenian clergy as well as Tsarist officials, largely stemming from his opposition to dogmatism and formalism in the school system.<mask> was appointed as the supervisor of the Tiflis uyezd school and married a German woman named Emilia Looze (died 1870) in 1839. In 1840 he was approached by English traveler Anne Lister, who was visiting Tiflis with her partner Ann Walker. She hoped that <mask> would guide her on another expedition to Mount Ararat which ultimately did not occur. He was dismissed from the school in 1843 and was transferred to the uyezd  school in Yerevan where he encountered apathy and antagonism from his colleagues and the clergy. In the summer of the same year, Abovian was visited by two German travellers. A Bavarian professor, Moritz Wagner, from the University of Munich, arrived in May and toured the Lake Sevan region with Abovian and thereafter corresponded with him on a regular basis. In July Abovian also accompanied Wagner on the first recorded ascent of Mount Aragats in Armenia.In August, Abovian escorted the German Baron August von Haxthausen around the province. They visited the Abovian family home in Kanaker and attended a service at the Blue Mosque. They also visited a Yazidi encampment where they met the chief Timur Aga and exchanged pleasantries with a rider from Count Paskevich's guard. He became a trusted friend of the Yazidi community in Armenia, and when the chief returned with lavish gifts from a banquet in Tiflis organized by the viceroy of the Caucasus Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov in 1844, he organized a tribal feast and Abovian was invited to attend. In 1845 he applied for a position at the Catholicate of Echmiadzin but was not accepted. The following year, he became a contributor to Vorontsov's weekly newspaper, Kavkaz, for which Abovian wrote three articles. Disappearance
On April 14, 1848, Abovian left his home for an early morning walk, and was never seen again; his disappearance remains unresolved.His wife Emilia did not report him missing for a month. Their children, Vartan (1840–1896) and Zarmandukht (later known as Adelaide; 1843–1909), were ages eight and five, respectively, at the time of the disappearance. Numerous theories have been proposed attempting to explain his disappearance: that he committed suicide, was murdered by his Persian or Turkish enemies, or arrested and exiled to Siberia by the Special Corps of Gendarmes, among others. Given his love for his children and their young age, it is generally disregarded that Abovian committed suicide. Writer Axel Bakunts put forward the theory that Abovian was in Western Europe engulfed in the Revolutions of 1848. Writings
Abovian wrote novels, stories, descriptions, plays, scientific and artistic compositions, verses and fables. He was the first Armenian writer to compose literature for children.Wounds of Armenia
The historical novel Wounds of Armenia (written in 1841, first published in 1858) was the first Armenian secular novel dedicated to the fate of the Armenian people and its struggle for liberation in the period of Russo-Persian war of 1826–1828. The novel dealt with the suffering of Armenians under Persian occupation. The basic concept of the novel was the assertion of feelings of national merit, patriotism and hatred of oppressors. These themes had a profound influence over wide layers of Armenian society. The hero, Agassi, personifies the freedom-loving national spirit and its will to fight against the foreign conquerors. "Give away your life, but never give away your native lands", is his motto. The story begins with an abduction of an Armenian girl by a band of thugs sent by the Persian sardar that triggers an uprising led by Agassi.Abovian saw in strengthening of the friendship of Russian and Armenian peoples a guarantee of the national, political and cultural revival of his native lands. However; when <mask> wrote the novel he was already disillusioned with Tsarist policies in Armenia, particularly with the implementation of Polozhenie (Statute) in 1836 which greatly reduced the political power of the Armenian Catholicos and the abolishment of the Armenian Oblast in 1840. In the novel, elements of romanticism and realism are interlaced while the narration is supplanted by lyrical retreats. Other works
<mask>'s poetry was filled with satire best expressed in The wine jug, in which he criticized Russian bureaucracy. Leisure entertainment was adapted by Abovian from notes he took in public gatherings. The work is a collection of fables in verse that chastise vice, injustice and moral degeneration. He wrote scientific and artistic non-fiction works such as the Discovery of America and Book of Stories.Abovian translated to the Armenian language the works of Homer, Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Nikolay Karamzin, I. A. Krylov and others. He continued promoting secular and comprehensive (mental, moral, working, physical) training, school accessibility, free education for the indigent and equal education of boys and girls. Pedagogical compositions of Abovian include the book for reading Introduction to education (1838), a textbook of Russian grammar and an Armenian-language novel History of Tigran, or a moral manual for the Armenian children (printed in 1941). He was the first Armenian to study scientific ethnography: the way of life and customs of the peasants of the native settlements around Kanaker, inhabitants of Yerevan, and gathered and studied Armenian and Kurdish folklore. Legacy

Abovian's life is well remembered in Armenia. During the years in which Armenia was under Soviet rule, his pro-Russia stance was emphasized.Schools, streets, boulevards and parks were named after him. The village of Elar, located  northeast of Yerevan, was named after him in 1961. Two years later, as the village's population grew larger, Abovyan was accorded with city status. His home in Kanaker was turned into a house-museum in 1939, and many of his original writings are preserved there. The work <mask> accomplished in the field of education was remembered. Yerevan's State Pedagogical Institute was named after him. On February 28, 1964, a medal was named in his honour (Աբովյանի Անվան Մեդալ) and which was awarded to school teachers who showed exceptional abilities in teaching and education.Portrait
<mask>'s portrait is one of the most exceptional exhibits of the Museum of Literature and Arts after Charents. It is an oil painting with a size of  by . In 1938 <mask>'s grandsons brought it to the museum. When <mask>'s son Vardan returned to the Caucasus, he found the painting in a badly deteriorated condition. But by Vardan's request Armenian painter Gevorg Bashinjagyan restored the portrait. He cut worn-out edges, glued it to a hard paper and then filled the cracks with corresponding colors. The painter of the portrait was Ludwig von Maydell, from Dorpat University.He painted it in the fall of 1830, when <mask> was only 20 or 21 years old. This portrait is the only painting of Abovian made during his lifetime. Statues

Two prominent statues of Abovian stand in Yerevan. The concept of the first statue dates back to 1908 when a number of Armenian intellectuals in Russian Armenia decided to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Abovian's disappearance and raise funds for a statue. These included Alexander Shirvanzade, Hovhannes Tumanyan and Gevorg Bashinjagyan. By 1910 they had collected enough funds to order the statue. It was designed by M. Grigoryan and sculpted by Andreas Ter-Manukyan in Paris between 1910 and 1913.The statue is  high and made of bronze on a granite pedestal. As a result of a misunderstanding the statue was only delivered to Yerevan in 1925 and first erected on Abovian street by the cinema Moscow in 1933 and then moved to the children's park on the banks of the Hrazdan River. In 1964, it found its permanent home by the Abovian house-museum in Kanaker. The second statue of Abovian in Yerevan was erected in Abovian square in 1950. The  high bronze statue was designed by Gevork Tamanian (son of Alexander Tamanian) and sculpted by Suren Stepanyan. Film
Between 1948 and 1984, five documentary films were produced in the Armenian SSR about the life and work of Abovian. In 2011, the documentary film Journey to Ararat on Parrot and Abovian's expedition to Mount Ararat was produced in Estonia by filmmaker Riho Västrik.It was screened at the Golden Apricot International Film Festival in Yerevan in 2013. See also
List of people who disappeared

Selected bibliography

Prose

Novels
 Wounds of Armenia, or lamentation of the patriot (Tiflis 1858)
 History of Tigran, or a moral manual for Armenian children (1941)
Non-fiction
 Introduction to education (Tiflis 1838)
 Collection of algebra exercises (1868)
 New theoretical and practical Russian grammar for Armenians (1839)

Other
 Unpublished works (Tiflis 1904)
 Unpublished letters (Vienna 1929)
Stories
 The Turkish girl (Yerevan 1941)

Poetry

 The wine jug (Tiflis 1912)
 Folk songs (Yerevan 1939)
 Poems (Yerevan 1941)
 Poetry for children (Yerevan 1941)

Fables
 Leisure entertainment (Tiflis 1864, includes the play Feodora)
 Fables (Yerevan 1941)

Notes

References

Further reading
  Hakobyan P., S. Dulyan et al. "Abovyan, Khachatur", "Abovyan (city)", "Medal after Abovyan", "Abovyan House-Museum" in the Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. i. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1974, pp. 32–35, 38. External links

  Khachatur <mask>'s biography at AV Production
 Khachatur Abovian House-Museum

1809 births
1840s missing person cases
1848 deaths
19th-century Armenian writers
Place of death unknown
Armenian people of the Russian Empire
Persian Armenians
Armenian activists
Writers from Yerevan
Armenian male writers
Nersisian School alumni
Mount Ararat
Year of death unknown

masks:
Khachatur Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
Abovian
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<mask> (14 January 1912 – 23 March 1989 was an Ireland international footballer. His career spanned twenty years during the 1930s and 1940s. <mask> played for several clubs in the English League, most notably Notts County and Sheffield Wednesday, and in the League of Ireland. He won an FAI Cup winners medal and League of Ireland title with Shamrock Rovers and Shelbourne respectively. He also scored in three FAI Cup finals for three different teams – Dolphin, Shamrock Rovers and Shelbourne. After retirement from football, <mask> lived in the Nottingham area and worked in the building trade. He died on 23 March 1989.Club career

Early Years
<mask> originally played Gaelic football before he joined Brideville. While playing for Dolphin he made the first of three scoring appearances in FAI Cup finals. <mask> played in the 1932–33 FAI Cup final against Shamrock Rovers. His Dolphin teammates included Joe Kendrick and Jeremiah Robinson. <mask> scored in the 3–3 draw but Dolphin lost the replay 3–0. Notts County
<mask> signed for Notts County in February 1934. Between 1934 and 1938 he made 120 English League appearances and scored 20 goals.<mask> returned to County for a second spell in 1946–47 making a further 15 league appearances and scoring 3 goals. Sheffield Wednesday
<mask> signed for Sheffield Wednesday from Notts County for a transfer few of £3,000 plus Jack Roy. He was signed by Wednesday manager Jimmy McMullan as a replacement for Ellis Rimmer. He made his debut for Wednesday on 19 March 1938 in a 1–0 home defeat to Barnsley, playing in all ten of the remaining League games of that 1937–38 season. He formed an exciting left wing partnership with Charlie Napier in the 1938–39 season, appearing in 40 matches in all competitions, scoring 11 goals as Wednesday missed out on promotion from the Second Division to city rivals Sheffield United by one point. One of <mask>'s best displays for Wednesday was against Norwich City in November 1938 when he teased and tormented the Canaries' defence in a 7–0 win. <mask> had a lucky escape just before Christmas 1938 when the car he was travelling in, together with fellow Wednesday player Ted Catlin, skidded in snow at Wadsley Bridge and hit a telegraph pole.Both players went to hospital and were out of the team for several weeks. On 2 September 1939 <mask> appeared in the final Sheffield Wednesday match before the outbreak of the Second World War against Plymouth Argyle. After the war <mask> returned to Wednesday, but he did not figure in their plans and was given a free transfer back to Notts County in June 1946. League of Ireland
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, <mask> returned to Ireland where he joined the Irish Army and played for three different clubs – Shamrock Rovers, Shelbourne and Dundalk. He played for Rovers during the 1939–40 season, helping them win the FAI Cup. <mask> scored in the 3–0 win in the final against Sligo Rovers. The 1940–41 season saw <mask> switch to Shelbourne.During the 1943–44 season <mask> helped Shels win a league double, winning both the league itself and the League of Ireland Shield. Shels almost won a treble but lost 3–2 to Shamrock Rovers in the FAI Cup final. <mask> did however manage to score his third FAI Cup final goal. Exeter City
In the 1947–48 season <mask> played for Exeter City. Among his teammates at City was his younger brother, <mask>, who also played for Notts County and Queens Park Rangers in the 1940s. Peterborough United
<mask> finished his playing career with Peterborough United, then playing in the   Midland Football League. His career ended when he suffered a broken collar bone playing for Peterborough reserves against Notts County.International career

Ireland

Between 1934 and 1939 <mask> made nine appearances and scored twice for Ireland. He made his first five appearances while playing for Notts County and his last four while playing for Sheffield Wednesday. <mask> made his international debut on 16 December 1934 in a 4–2 home defeat against Hungary. <mask>'s first three international appearances were all against the same opponents. <mask> scored his first goal for Ireland on 6 December 1936 against Hungary. He opened the scoring after twenty  minutes with a long range effort. However Hungary eventually won 3–2.He scored his second in a 3–2 win against Poland on 13 November 1938. Once again he opened the scoring, this time after ten minutes. Two minutes later he provided Johnny Carey with an assist from a corner to make it 2–0. During his time playing for Ireland, <mask> also featured in two European tours. In May 1937 <mask> played in away games against Switzerland and France. In May 1939 he also played in away games against Hungary and Germany. These were the last two games Ireland played before the outbreak of the Second World War.League of Ireland XI

During the Second World War <mask> also played for the League of Ireland XI. During The Emergency, the League of Ireland XI played regularly against the Irish League XI and the  Irish Army XI. During the 1941–42 season <mask> also played for the Irish Army XI against the League of Ireland XI and helped the Army team win 4–1. Honours

Dolphin

FAI Cup
Runners Up: 1932–33

Shamrock Rovers

FAI Cup
Winners: 1939–40

Shelbourne

League of Ireland
Winners: 1943–44
League of Ireland Shield
Winners: 1943–44
FAI Cup
Runners Up: 1943–44

Notes
 Some sources give <mask>'s birthplace as Larne, County Antrim, while others give it as Killarney, County Kerry. References

1912 births
1989 deaths
Republic of Ireland association footballers
Republic of Ireland international footballers
Dundalk F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Notts County F.C.players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Shamrock Rovers F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C. players
League of Ireland XI players
League of Ireland players
English Football League players
Irish Army soldiers
Association football outside forwards
Dolphin F.C. players

masks:
William Joseph Fallon
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Peter Fallon
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<mask>dze PAR (; , Nik'oloz Cisk'aridze) is a Georgian-Russian ballet dancer  who had been a member of the Bolshoi Ballet for 21 years (1992–2013). Biography

Early years

<mask> was born in Tbilisi, Soviet Georgia in 1973. He was a late firstborn child to Lamara <mask>na Tsiskaridze, then 42 years old, and grew up not knowing the father. The mother was a physicist, she worked at Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant, then as a teacher at Tbilisi public school №162. Only five years after his mother's death an aunt revealed the father's name. He turned out to be a brother of their neighbor, a violinist, who lived next door for almost 20 years, though without knowing about his fatherhood. Career in Ballet

He began his dance studies at the Tbilisi Ballet School in 1984.His mother supported Tsiskaridze in pursue of ballet career, she managed to save money and take him to Moscow to auditions. In 1987, he joined the Moscow Ballet School and studied under the guidance of Pyotr Pestov. After graduating in 1992, Tsiskaridze directly joined the ballet company of the Bolshoi Theatre, then under the direction of Yury Grigorovich. In Bolshoi, Tsiskaridze was coached by Galina Ulanova and Marina Semyonova. He was promoted to the position of principal in 1995. Since then, Tsiskaridze has performed internationally with a number of ballet companies across the world, including the Mariinsky Ballet and Paris Opera Ballet. He also participated in most of the foreign tours of the Bolshoi Ballet, "Kings of the Dance" international project, Les Saisons Russes du XXI Siecle.Over the course of his dance career, he performed over seventy roles in major classical works as well as ballets by renowned modern choreographers. While dancing, Tsiskaridze studied at the Pedagogical faculty of the Institute of Choreography in 1996. Since 2003, he was teaching a daily ballet class at the Bolshoi Theatre. Besides, since 2004 he was also teaching at the Moscow Ballet Academy. In October 2003, Tsiskaridze faced a major injury which threatened to end his career. During the rehearsal at Opera de Paris he tore the cruciate ligament. An operation on the knee was followed by a major staphylococci infection.After 9 more operations, he achieved complete recovery and returned to the stage after a nine-month intermission. As a dancer, Tsiskaridze possessed the purity of Russian dance training and the regality and mystery of royalty. His extremely long legs moved with masculine power, yet also with feminine grace. His arms could at one moment be strong and forceful, and at the next soft and elegant. His feet were well arched for a man and his beats were pristine. As a product of the Russian ballet school, which emphasizes dramatic expression hand in hand with technique from a very early stage in training, Tsiskaridze was an effortless actor with the ability to mesmerize the audience. There were no small parts for Tsiskaridze where his profession was concerned.Preparation for any role was very important for him. The dancer says, "It is desirable to know everything about the ballet, about the character, the composer, the choreographer – everything." There is a huge collection of videos and books about ballet in his house and some ballet critics envy his knowledge of this art. He doesn't get tired of studying and researching something new in the subjects that have already been well explored by him. As Tsiskaridze says: "I believe that the fate of a person depends on his or her temper. If I had been more mild and base person, I would have become a worshipped hero! I was to have been on the cushion long ago!But disliking stupidity and imbecility, I don't manage to keep my mouth shut. Moreover, I don't care for it and feel good. All that I achieved in my life was achieved by my talent and industry. Ballet is a rough labor, all are working hard, but results differ. I had more luck because of my parents' genes." Being a ballet dancer, Tsiskaridze has become a real superstar in Russia, having appeared in many reality shows and being a judge on Russia's version of Dancing with the Stars for several years. Awards
<mask> has received many awards and accolades: he became the youngest person to be named a People's Artist of Russia (2001).He received “Soul of the Dance” prize (1994), the State Prize of the Russian Federation (2001, 2003), the Prix Benois de la Danse (1999), Silver medal at the Osaka Ballet Competition (1995), Golden medal at the Moscow Ballet Competition (1997), Honoured Artist of Russia (1997), Russian Golden Mask theatrical prize (1998, 2000, 2003), Order of Honour of the Republic of Georgia (2003), Danza&Danza award as best dancer of the year 2003, Triumph prize (2004), Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres de la République Française (2006), People's Artist of North Osetia — Alania Republic (2013) etc. Assault Scandal

In 2011, Tsiskaridze was a contender for directorship in Bolshoi, but Sergei Filin was chosen to the post. On 30 June 2013, Tsiskaridze left the Bolshoi when his contracts (as a premier dancer and as a ballet teacher) expired and the management decided not to extend them. His relationship with the directors of the theatre had become tense long ago. Tsiskaridze openly criticized the theatre's management for soiling the Bolshoi's repertoire of classics with contemporary works from abroad, for favoritism and bad taste. As a result of his criticism, Tsiskaridze and his students were denied roles, docked pay and prevented from advancing their careers. Tsiskaridze openly criticized the management for a six-year £800m-plus renovation of the theatre that turned out to be of a very low quality and raised serious concerns on theft, corruption and incompetence.In January 2013, the acting artistic director of the Bolshoi Ballet Sergei Filin was assaulted, sulphuric acid was thrown into his face. Tsiskaridze was one of the suspects, but he had a strong alibi on the day of the assault. Though the former soloist of Bolshoi Pavel Dmitrichenko confessed to pay for the assault, many believed his confession was forced, and someone staged the whole attack to ruin <mask>'s reputation and get him away from the theatre. Public Positions

In July 2011, Tsiskaridze was appointed a member of the President's Council for Culture and Arts. In October 2013, Tsiskaridze was appointed a director of the prestigious Vaganova Academy of Russian Ballet in Saint Petersburg (est. in 1738) by order of the Culture Minister. In a year he was promoted to the full Rector of the institution.In 2014, Tsiskaridze graduated as a Master of Law at Kutafin Moscow State Law University. On 29 November, 2014, Tsiskaridze was formally confirmed as a Rector of the Vaganova Academy in unopposed election, winning 227 of the 244 possible votes which include professors, students and even school canteen workers. Even though his appointment a year earlier caused a scandal, Tsiskaridze  won the support of the staff with his hard work and significant results - improving the quality of education at the Academy, raising the funds for the school equipment and furnishing, negotiating various collaborations with other well-known schools and theatres, bringing the new repertoire broadening the range of opportunities for graduates. In March 2014, he signed a letter in support of the position of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin on Russia's military intervention in Ukraine. The trustees of Tokyo Ballet Academy have granted to <mask> Tsiskaridze the status of professor emeritus. The artistic director of Tokyo Ballet Academy, Dr. Etsuro Satomi, signed the letter about it on February 11, 2015.

masks:
Nikolay Maximovich Tsiskari
Nikolay Tsiskaridze
Nikolayev
Tsiskaridze
Tsiskaridze
Nikolay


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<mask> (born 1966) is an artist and educator based in Brooklyn, New York and Austin, Texas. Her work captures both Caribbean and American landscapes and experiences and engages in cultural critique. She works in many media including painting, photography, drawing, installations, ceramics, and sculpture as well as found objects. Early life
She was born in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad. She is of Afro-Asian ancestry. Education
She received her Bachelor of Arts in 1991, and a 1996 Master of Fine Arts in painting and printmaking, both from the University of South Florida. In 1997 she attended Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine.Career
Early in her career in 2000 Holland Cotter remarked in the New York Times that <mask>'s then figurative paintings were sourced with "unprettified technique and a metaphorical bent" and that West Indies Colonialism was her subject. He speculated that in her overlaid images representing memories of the island of her childhood, the shifting of backgrounds and foregrounds in her paintings was a good way to think about history. He noted that in the 2000 exhibition at the Studio Museum in Harlem curated by Thelma Golden, <mask> shared with other artists such as Sanford Biggers a looser sort of cultural signage as well as a post-1990s identity fluidity. Rocio Aranda-Alvarado, Senior Curator at El Museum del Barrio, described her layered imagery as identity politics that include both popular culture and her own personal manual of images. In 2018 <mask> became involved as an artist in the U.S. monuments dispute. Generated after the Charlottesville, Virginia demonstration of white supremacy that sparked nationwide reconsideration of monuments to the Confederacy still in existence, <mask>'s proposal for a new monument was one of several done by artists for a New York Times article. Her monument rendering was inspired by the Grand Army Plaza memorial arch which is a tribute to fighters for the Union, focusing on the African-American man who surveys and stands ready for battle.When the conversation about who should be represented on a public pedestal broadened to deprecation of all indigenous peoples a commission was created to re-evaluate the monuments of New York City. Cecilia Alemani,  director and chief curator of High Line Art created New Monuments for New Cities and chose <mask>’s rendered proposal, a street drain in the shape of a man’s torso and face that reads “Reclaimed Water.” Carved into the metal at the bottom, a plaque of sorts, reads “Christopher Columbus”. Academic Positions

From 2009 to 2015 she held the position of Critic for the Yale School of Art. She is currently Assistant Professor of painting and drawing at the University of Texas at Austin's Department of Art and Art History. Artist Residences

Artists in the Market Place, Bronx Museum of the Arts, (1997-1998)
Artist-in-Residence, Art Center South Florida, Miami Beach, FL. (1998)
BRIC Media Arts Fellowship Fellowship, Brooklyn, NY (1999)
 Studio Museum in Harlem (1999-2000),
 Artist-in-Residence, Hunter College, Art Department, New York, NY. (2000)
 Triangle Arts Trust’s Big River International Artists' Workshop, Caribbean Contemporary Arts Port-of-Spain, Trinidad (2001)
 Emerge Program, Aljira, A Center for Contemporary Art, Newark, NJ
 Art Omi International Artist’s Colony, Hudson / New York, NY (2004)
 Artist-in-Residence, Jamaica Center for Arts and Learning, Queens, NY.(2004)
 John Michael Kohler, Arts Center, Sheboygan, WI (2008)
Smack Mellon Studio Program, (2010)
AIR, Alice Yard, Port of Spain Trinidad, (2013)
Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Process Space Residency Program, (2015)
BRIC Workspace Residency, Brooklyn, NY (2017)
 Joan Mitchell Center in April (2018)

Grants

 Payson Fellowship, Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Skowhegan, Maine / New York, NY (1997)
 Puffin Foundation Grant, Puffin Foundation LTD, Teaneck, NJ. (1998)
 Painters and Sculptors Grant, the Joan Mitchell Foundation (2011)
 Art Matters Grant, Art Matters Foundation (2012)
Colene Brown Art Prize (2019)

Selected works

Panyard (2001) The title referring to the panyard which is a practice space for steel drummers in the West Indian festival of Carnival. Ex-Trinidadians <mask> and Terry Boddie (re)envision it in a Brooklyn NY gallery using elements of drawing, photography, sculpture. Historian Rocio Armanda-Alvaraz writes about their intent to reconsider minimalist art language of the1970s to bring a sophisticated yet non-narrative version of carnival, borrowing from an ethnicized and racialized past that has asserted itself, via their installation, in the present. The installation was shown at FiveMyles Gallery in Brooklyn New York. Local Ephemera, 2007  Subjects and objects depicted in action are drawn in a looser, colorful style. They contrast with the mechanical blueprint '"language" that other objects are rendered in "to bring clarity where there is none".Notable works from Local Ephemera include Specimen from Local Ephemera: Tension Springs (2004), Specimen from Local Ephemera: Drab Hanger (2007), Specimen from Local Ephemera: Castle Nut and Drama Queen (2007), and Specimen from Local Ephemera: Resistance with Black Ooze (2005)

Almost Undone, 2011 was the title of an exhibition in September, 2011 at The Vilcek Foundation Gallery. The sculpture incorporated a wide variety of materials such as sprayed paper, resin, plastic, nail polish, and clay, resulting in bold, complex three-dimensional structures, which seemed to pull, stretch, and tear from the wall. in conjunction with her earlier works of her Local Ephemera series The sculpture creates its own multi-dimensional adaptation from that series, reconstituting one dimension into the next. Asphaltum Glance, 2013 was a painting on the walls of the small gallery at Alice Yard in her native Trinidad. <mask> explored the origins of the viscosity and blackness that were a long-standing staples of her painting oeuvre. Through an Art Matters Grant trip in 2012 to Le Brea a childhood memory of a nearby pitch lake resonated with her so she photographed close-up details of it as the basis for wall sized paintings for the gallery. Speaking about the connection between the black ooze and Caribbean identity, <mask> says, "The pitch lake is constantly replenishing itself, just like us, taking on new form."According to <mask>, asphalt is, "literally the remnants of all of us, the decomposition of all flora and all fauna over the course of known time that keeps turning, churning and revealing at the same instance material and items randomly from yesterday and four hundred years ago." Before leaving Trinidad, <mask> painted over Asphaltum Glance as a way of continuing her themes of "regeneration and malleability." Notes for Material Re-pose, 2016 Critical Practices/ 21st Projects, New York, NY was the exhibition site for a sculpture intended to make viewers aware of their own material present/ presence, <mask> posited a continual back and forth between narrative and matter in immediate time and perpetual history. She chose these exhibits for their "informal viewings" of artists' works, intending to set up the normative space for cultural consumption and bring the audience into a domestic setting." Vistas, 2017 shown at Leslie Heller Gallery consists of a series <mask> had been working on since 2013. As a mental view of a succession of remembered events they were partially focused on the characteristics of asphalt ooze of her prior work. “Vistas are momentary glimpse experiences.There is a feeling of impermanence, of possible shift, change or impending disappearance, illusive physicality that may actually be imagined and ephemeral. Vistas could be windows to the past, the future or even moments in the present that cannot be specified.”

Material Re-pose, 2017  In an accompanying essay historian Dorota Biczel draws attention to <mask>'s abrupt transformational shifts of image, patterning and materials within the same work. <mask>'s juxtaposition of the infinity of the black ooze, the suggested locality of the rendered skins of animals, as well as the here and now of her own figurative likeness continue her signature premise of the complexity of matter and historical narrative. Persistent Resistance of the Liquid Land, 2018  In an installation inspired by a singular crouching black scout in a Brooklyn Civil War monument of otherwise standing group of white soldiers, “Persistent Resistance” consists of a central speckled, decorative column that looks like a Rorschach ink blot. Beneath it pooled on the floor, as if still in the process of cooling, is a pour of asphalt, resin, charcoal, nail polish over foam. Repeating butterfly-like paper shapes in dark blue, black, and gray hover around the column, often with a gray-tone image of the crouching soldier in the middle of them evoking cherubim or etherial figures. Also in the same year, The New York Times asked artists to propose alternatives to Confederate monuments being removed from public spaces.<mask>'s proposal was inspired by the Grand Army Plaza memorial arch which is a tribute to fighters for the Union. Focusing on the African-American man who surveys and stands ready for battle, she creates a winged soldier waiting to do battle for a better future. Envisioning the Liquid Land, 2019  A solo exhibition of painted relief works on paper. Purposely ambiguous spatial familiarities in multitude of parts combine into a complex mixture of visual and symbolic elements. <mask> states “The history of the Americas is about malleability; the shaping and reshaping of resources and culture. It is an evolving, and revolving phenomena of transformation through the movement of bodies and materials,”

References

External links
Official Website

1966 births
Living people
University of South Florida alumni
Trinidad and Tobago women artists
Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
Artists from Brooklyn
University of Texas at Austin faculty
American installation artists
American women installation artists
American women academics
21st-century American women
Trinidad and Tobago artists

masks:
Nicole Awai
Awai
Awai
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Awai
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Nicole Awai
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<mask> (born September 27, 1941 New York City, New York) is an American sculptor renowned for his dynamic work composed of simple rectangular shapes. The artist is classified as a Minimalist as demonstrated in his works, which were mostly defined through the materials used, without allusions to subjects outside of the works. He lives and works in New York City. He is married to the artist Ellen Phelan. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Sunnyside, Queens, New York. He graduated from Bayside High School (Bayside, NY) in 1959, at which time the school’s yearbook awarded him the title of Man About Town. When he was twenty two he lived in India for two years while in the Peace Corps.He received a B.A. in 1964 and an M.A. in 1969 from New York University

Work and inspiration
While serving his Peace Corp time in India, <mask> saw many Indian art works, and has said that "India gave me the sense of … the possibility of being an artist." In India "Art was pervasive and integral to the society", and he has said that "the struggle in my work to find a structure that reflects real psychological states may well use Indian sculpture as a model." His early work, which also drew inspiration from Greek art, is characterized by some by its small size, but <mask> has discounted this perception, describing his early works as, "all about scale and the small size was an aspect of their scale". He described scale as "A very active thing that's changing and altering as time unfolds, consciously or unconsciously," and, "a relationship of size and an experience. You can have something small that has big scale."In these works he said that he was trying "to describe an emotional state, my own longing or desire". He also said that during this early period in his career he was interested in the strategies of artists Robert Morris, Richard Serra, Carl Andre, and Donald Judd. By the 1980s, <mask> began to explore larger and life-size forms in pieces that were still reminiscent of Indian and Greek sculpture but also inspired by the early modernist works by Edgar Degas and Constantin Brâncusi. The bulk of these pieces have been commissioned or acquired by museums and galleries. Later, <mask> further expanded his repertoire by creating pieces that depicted the dynamism of human form. For instance, his subjects were portrayed in the act of dancing, crouching, and falling, among others that explored the themes of balance, cantilever, projection, and compression. His later works can have the appearance of flying, being impossibly suspended in space, and/or defying gravity.He has said about this shift in his work that he "wanted to make work that stood on its own, and wasn't limited by architecture and by the ground and the wall and right angles." These can be demonstrated in the case of the large-size outdoor art he made for the Hood Museum of Art. The bronze piece was an attenuated form that leans over a walkway and its near-falling form is viewed as an energizing element in the museum's courtyard. This sculpture, like all of <mask>'s mature works, are untitled. Germany
 Untitled, 1999, Köln Skulpture Park, Cologne

Israel
 Untitled, 1991, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv
 Untitled, 1996, Billy Rose Art Garden, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

Italy
 Untitled, 1993, Peggy Guggenheim collection, Venice

Netherlands
 Untitled, 1999, Beeldenroute Westersingel, Rotterdam

Sweden
 Untitled, 1979, Moderna Museet, Stockholm
 Untitled, 1982, Moderna Museet, Stockholm

United Kingdom
 Untitled, 1978, Tate Gallery, London
 Untitled, 1984, Tate Gallery, London

References

Untitled, <mask>, Getty Museum Website,
Untitled, <mask>, Greater Des Moines Public Art Foundation

Further reading
 Marshall, Richard and Smith, Robert. (1982) <mask> Shapiro. Whitney Museum of American Art.Institute Research Information System - <mask>
 H. Teicher: <mask>. Sculpture and drawings. New York, 1998
 "Notable Former Volunteers / Arts and Literature". Peace Corps official site. Accessed 5 January 2007. External links

The Pace Gallery
Shapiro biography and images at L.A. Louver gallery
Interview with the Brooklyn Rail from November 2007
Public Art Fund: <mask>
Interview in Portland
<mask> in conversation with Marla Prather. https://vimeo.com/12436010  May 2010.American printmakers
Peace Corps volunteers
Living people
1941 births
Artists from New York City
Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development alumni
Sculptors from New York (state)

masks:
Joel Shapiro
Joel Shapiro
Shapiro
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Joel Shapiro
Joel Shapiro
Joel
Joel Shapiro
Joel Shapiro
Joel Shapiro
Joel Shapiro