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<mask> ( – ) was a Québécois/Quebecer journalist and writer, known as an intellectual leader of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) and author of Nègres blancs d'Amérique, translated as White Niggers of America. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 22 February 1938, in Montreal, Quebec into a French-Canadian family. <mask> grew up in Ville Jacques-Cartier (now part of Longueuil) in the South Shore region, considered one of the most deprived areas of the Montreal metropolitan area. He entered the Franciscan Order. but left after a couple of years. He worked in a bookstore before becoming a journalist, first for Le Devoir, and then for Cité Libre, for which he later became the director. He then went to cover international news for La Presse.FLQ and White Niggers of America
<mask> had been working for La Presse for two years when he was fired for taking part in "subversive activities", having become a left-wing political activist at a young age. In September 1964, <mask> and Charles Gagnon published of the first issue of left-wing Révolution québécoise magazine. In July 1965, <mask> and Gagnon led the "Fourth Wave" of the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a separatist and Marxist-Leninist paramilitary group in Quebec, when they combined the remains of the "Third Wave" with their Popular Liberation Movement. Vallières published the group's newspaper, La Cognée ("The Hit"), and was involved in militant activities. The FLQ's bombing campaign prompted a quick clampdown by Canadian authorities, and by August 1966, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) had arrested many FLQ members. Vallières escaped the arrests and fled to the United States with Gagnon, where they conducted a hunger strike at the United Nations headquarters in New York City to protest what was considered to be Quebec's plight in Canada. While in New York, Vallières was held in the Manhattan House of Detention for Men before being extradited back to Canada, where he was immediately arrested in connection with the robbery of a Montreal cinema on 27 August 1966.Vallières, along with Charles Gagnon and five other people, was convicted of the manslaughter of Thérèse Morin, a 64-year-old secretary who died in the explosion of a bomb that was delivered to the H.B. La Grenade shoe manufacturer in Montreal on 5 May 1966, and of Jean Corbo, a 16-year-old FLQ member who died on 14 July 1966 in the explosion of the bomb he had placed himself at the Dominion Textile factory in Montreal. Vallières received a life sentence for the deaths but the conviction was overturned by the court of appeal, and in a second trial held in 1969, he was convicted again and this time sentenced to 30 months in prison. He was paroled on 26 May 1970 after spending 44 months in prison. Vallières wrote a number of works during his four-month imprisonment in New York in 1967, the most famous of which was Nègres blancs d'Amérique (1968), translated into English as White Niggers of America. The book compared the historical situation of French-Canadians to that of African-Americans at the height of the latter's civil rights struggles, where Vallières argued the parallels between the two peoples as an exploited lower class, and called for armed struggle of liberation against their common aristocratic oppressors. Later life and death
In 1970, during the October Crisis, the FLQ abducted and murdered <mask>, the Vice-Premier of Quebec.The following year, Vallières renounced violence as a means to achieve Quebec independence, and on 4 October 1972, under a plea bargain agreement, received a one-year suspended sentence on three charges of counselling kidnapping for political purposes. Vallières then resumed his career as a journalist, writer, and publisher. Vallières died from heart failure on 23 December 1998, at the Jacques-Viger Hospital in Montreal. Works

Nègres blancs d'Amérique, autobiographie précoce d'un " terroriste " québécois. Montréal : Éditions Parti pris, 1967 (translated as White Niggers of America: The Precocious Autobiography of a Quebec Terrorist by Joan Pinkham, Monthly Review Press, 1971 and McClelland & Stewart, 1972)
Vivre sans temps morts, jouir sans entraves! Paris, 1970
L'urgence de choisir. Montréal Parti-Pris, 1971; (translated as Choose!, New Press, 1972 )
Pour un front commun multinational de libération.with Charles Gagnon. S.l. : Front de libération du Québec, 1971
Un Québec impossible. Montréal : Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1977 (translated as The Impossible Quebec: Illusions of Sovereignty Association, 1980)
L'exécution de <mask>porte : les dessous de l'Opération. Montréal : Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1977 (translated as The Assassination of <mask>e by Ralph Wells, Lorimer, 1977)
Les scorpions associés. with René Lévesque. Montréal : Éditions Québec-Amérique, 1978
La démocratie ingouvernable.Montréal : Québec/Amérique, 1979
La liberté en friche. Montréal : Éditions Québec/Amérique, 1979
Changer de société. with Serge Proulx. Montréal : Québec/Amérique, 1982
Les héritiers de Papineau : itinéraire politique d'un "nègre blanc" (1960–1985). Montréal, Québec : Québec/Amérique, 1986
Noces obscures. Montréal : L'Hexagone, 1986
Le devoir de résistance. Montréal : VLB, 1994
Paroles d'un nègre blanc.with Jacques Jourdain and Mélanie Mailhot. Montréal : VLB éditeur, 2002

Film

Freedom Outraged <mask> plays himself in a documentary by the National Film Board of Canada directed by Jean-Daniel Lafond. A 16-mm medium length, color, 1994. by <mask>
A brief essay on The Execution of <mask>e

1938 births
1998 deaths
Canadian political writers
Canadian gay writers
Writers from Montreal
People from Longueuil
Canadian non-fiction writers in French
Front de libération du Québec members
People extradited from the United States
People extradited to Canada
Canadian people convicted of manslaughter
Quebec sovereigntists
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
Pierre Vallières
Pierre Vallières
Vallières
Vallières
Vallières
Vallières
Pierre Laporte
Pierre La
Pierre Laport
Vallières
Pierre Vallières
Pierre Laport


type: original

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<mask> (, ; born September 27, 1973) is an Israeli-Moroccan Orthodox rabbi who leads a global organization called Mosdot Shuva Israel. Based in Ashdod and New York, he is a Kabbalist. Globes business journal named him in 2012 as one of the ten wealthiest rabbis in Israel. As part of a series of legal issues, he pleaded guilty in September 2014 to bribing a high-ranking Israeli police officer. He was sentenced on May 12, 2015, to one year in prison, and to pay a fine of 1 million shekels. He began serving his prison sentence on February 16, 2016. After his release, he became the Chief Rabbi of Morocco in 2019.Biography
<mask> <mask> <mask> was born in Israel to Moroccan parents. On his father's side, he is the great-grandson of Chaim <mask>, a Moroccan sage; on his mother's side, he is the great-grandson of Rabbi Yisrael Abuhatzeira, also known as the Baba Sali. <mask> graduated from Ashkenazi Lithuanian yeshivas, and studied under Ashkenazi and Hassidic rabbis. <mask> was also influenced by Satmar Hassidism and its teachings. <mask> speaks Hebrew, and does not know English. Around 2008, <mask> moved to New York City for medical treatments. In the past few years, he spent time in either New York City or Ashdod, where he ran the Shuva Israel yeshiva.After his release from prison in 2017, he settled in Morocco. Rabbinic career
<mask> is a rabbi and religious leader. Prior to extensive legal issues, he had a following as a spiritual leader and is a Kabbalist. He is said to be the descendant of rabbinical dynasties that reportedly have the potential to work miracles. <mask> has many followers from the Israeli expatriate community in the U.S. and has been described as "a rabbi to the rich and famous". When he was in his 20s, <mask> founded Shuva Israel, a yeshiva in Ashdod, Israel. As founder he oversees an organization that includes two yeshivas in Ashkelon, one in Kiryat Malachi, three in Ashdod, and one in Rishon LeZion, with a total of 500 students to be rabbinical
students in training.The organization also has two schools for girls in Ashdod and a training school in Ashkelon. One of the Israeli locations provides money for living expenses to 180 widowed women. Several yeshivas or religious schools located in the United States and Israel and sponsors a charitable organization that provides food for Israeli families in need. <mask>'s center in Ashod has four synagogues that serve more than 1,200 worshippers, a yeshiva with over 300 full-time students, and a soup kitchen that provides 3,000 meals a day. <mask> has also established a network of yeshivas in Israel, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York in the U.S. In October 2010, <mask> led thousands to Silistra, Bulgaria, for an annual pilgrimage in homage of Eliezer Papo. During his stay in Bulgaria, <mask> held a meeting with 80 Jewish American businessmen, asking them to invest $5 billion in the Israeli economy.In March, 2020, <mask> called upon the Jews of Morocco and the global Jewish community to comply with governmental regulations intended to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, in response to reports of Orthodox Jewish Haredi communities around the world defying restrictions on their traditional lifestyle. Business career
<mask> has extensive connections in the real estate community in New York, including an executive with Metropolitan Real Estate Investors and one with Ilan Bracha of Prudential Douglas Elliman. His followers include Jay Schottenstein (chairman of the American Eagle Outfitters clothing company) and real estate mogul Jacky Ben-Zaken. <mask> has been characterized as "something between a guru and a Hasidic rebbe" and as a "mystically inclined" Kabbalist with an interest in the esoteric elements of the Jewish tradition". Although <mask> has no formal business background, a number of prominent Israeli and Jewish-American businessmen have visited him for consultation, including talk-show host Donny Deutsch; jeweler Jacob Arabo ("Jacob the Jeweler"); former Congressman Anthony Weiner. Prominent non-Jews who have consulted with <mask> include New York City politician Michael Grimm and basketball player LeBron James. <mask> has said that he does not consider his help to be advice, saying instead that "It’s more of a blessing".Politicians and businessmen who have visited <mask> in Israel include Justice Minister Yaakov Neeman, former Bank of Israel governor Jacob Frenkel, and Israeli soccer star Guy Levy. Because of <mask>'s influence, he has been called the "rabbi to the business stars", and was described by Yoel Hasson, a Kadima member of the Knesset, as having connections and influence with a number of people in Israeli politics. According to an article in the Globes business journal, in June 2012, Forbes Israel named <mask> as one of the 10 wealthiest rabbis in Israel, "with a fortune of NIS 75 million" "based on organizational holdings" such as "charitable activities and properties". Political career
In 2010, a reception held for <mask> was attended by an Israel Defense Forces major general and five cabinet members. In January 2011, <mask> met with opposition leader Israeli politician Tzipi Livni in Tel Aviv. In December 2010, <mask> condemned an open letter endorsed by 50 Israeli rabbis which encouraged Jewish community members to avoid renting or selling property to non-Jews. <mask> believed that the letter would provoke racism against Jews in Israel and abroad, making it difficult for them "to live in New York or anywhere else in the world".Legal problems
In September 2011, <mask>'s father-in law, the chief Rabbi of Argentina, Shlomo Ben Hamo, retracted accusations of money laundering against <mask> in the Jerusalem District Court. The father-in-law said the retraction was "part of an arrangement made for legal reasons and to preserve domestic tranquility". Under the terms of the agreement, <mask> was required to pay NIS 3.4 million for two apartments purchased by his father-in-law, in the Gold housing complex in Jerusalem, with funds that were allegedly obtained from <mask>. On October 12, 2012 <mask> was reported to be under investigation for money laundering. He was released on bail and placed under house arrest for a bribery attempt of an Israeli police official involved in the investigation. On September 17, 2014, <mask> was indicted on charges of attempting to bribe Ephraim Bracha of the Israeli national police in an attempt to gain information about the ongoing investigation of the financial activities of Hazon Yeshaya, a charitable organization Pinto heads. Bracha had reported the bribery attempt to his superior, Maj. Gen. Yoav Segalovich, and was ordered by Segalovich to pretend to accept the bribe.In February 2015, the Supreme Court upheld <mask>'s plea agreement under which he would serve a maximum of one year in jail and become a state witness. He returned to Israel on April 14, and pleaded guilty the next day to bribing Bracha. Judge Oded Mudrick found him guilty of bribery, attempted bribery, and obstruction of justice. Bracha, who was cleared of any wrongdoing, committed suicide on July 5, 2015 after being subjected to a prolonged campaign of defamation. <mask> was sentenced on May 12, 2015, to one year in prison, and must pay a fine of 1 million shekels. Appeals of the prison sentence on the basis of ill health were declined on January 5 and February 8, 2016. He arrived at prison on February 16, 2016, after a brief stay in an Israeli hospital to check on and treat his medical conditions, including cancer.On August 3, President Reuven Rivlin rejected <mask>'s appeal for clemency. His appeal for early release due to ill health, initially granted on September 19, was later overturned by the Lod District Court on September 26. He was released from prison on January 25, 2017, upon completion of his sentence. In February 2014, a civil suit was filed in New York State Supreme Court that claims <mask> and an aide orchestrated the arrest of a business rival and threatened him with physical harm. References

Further reading
 Cowan, Allison Leigh. "A Short Second Life for a Building With History" in The New York Times, August 23, 2010. External links

1973 births
Abuhatzeira family
American Orthodox rabbis
20th-century Moroccan Jews
Moroccan rabbis
Living people
Sephardi rabbis
American people of Moroccan-Jewish descent
Rabbis convicted of crimes
American members of the clergy convicted of crimes
Chief rabbis of Morocco
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Yoshiyahu Yosef Pinto
Yoshiyahu
Yosef
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto
Pinto


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<mask> (April 2, 1862 – May 25, 1934) was an American labor leader and progressive politician, who immigrated as a child with his family from Lanarkshire, Scotland. After having worked as a child and adult in the coal mines of Pennsylvania, he became active as a labor organizer. <mask> is best remembered for his service as the first Secretary of Labor (1913–21) in the United States, serving through the years of American participation in the Great War. President <mask> (no relation) nominated him to the office. Biography

Early life
<mask><mask> was born in  Blantyre, Lanarkshire, Scotland. He was the third child of <mask> and Helen Nelson (<mask>) <mask>, and the first to survive early childhood. His father was a coal miner.During a mining strike in February 1868, the family was evicted from their company-owned home as the company tried to suppress the strike. His father <mask> traveled around Scotland unsuccessfully trying to find other work. He ultimately decided to emigrate to the United States to find employment there, and left his wife and three children, sailing by ship across the Atlantic in April 1870. <mask> found work in the bituminous coal region of Pennsylvania, settling in the little town of Arnot, located in Tioga County. After finding a job, he sent for his wife and family. Together with his father-in-law, they departed Glasgow for the United States in August 1870. Immediately after arriving in the United States, the boy <mask> was enrolled in public school in Arnot.This interval proved to be short-lived, however, as his father began to suffer serious back problems and was unable to complete his work without assistance. At the age of 9, <mask> was removed from school and sent to help his father in the mines. He continued to work as a miner for nearly two decades. In 1874, young <mask> engaged in labor organizing for the first time when he attempted to launch a union for the boys who worked as trappers, manually operating the ventilation of the mines. When the fledgling union threatened a strike over a wage reduction, union representative <mask> discovered the limits of union solidarity. He was paddled by a foreman and the incipient strike was broken. The event proved to be a valuable learning experience for <mask>, who later recalled in his unpublished memoirs:

His argument had been forceful and effective, but it was applied to the wrong part of my anatomy to be permanently convincing....It helped impress upon my mind the fact that until working men were as strong, collectively, as their employers, they would be forced...to accept whatever conditions were imposed upon them. In 1876, when <mask> was just 14 years old, there was declining membership in the local Miners' and Laborers' Benevolent Association. They selected <mask>, the energetic youngster, as the organization's Secretary. He began to correspond with other labor activists around the country, laying the groundwork for his career as a trade union organizer and leader. United Mine Workers official
He served as international secretary-treasurer of the United Mine Workers of America from 1900 to 1908. House of Representatives
He was elected as a Democrat from Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district to the Sixtieth, Sixty-first, and Sixty-second Congresses. He served as chairman of the United States House Committee on Labor during the Sixty-second Congress.<mask> was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1912 and for election in 1914. Secretary of Labor
He was appointed United States Secretary of Labor in the Cabinet of President <mask> and served from March 5, 1913, to March 5, 1921. During the First World War, he was a member of the Council of National Defense. The administration was working to encourage African-American support for the war effort, both among men who served and those who were working in war industries. Among his special assistants was George Edmund Haynes, 1918 to 1921, who was the first African American to earn a doctorate from Columbia University. Haynes served as Director of Negro Economics in the United States Department of Labor. Competition was fierce for the higher-paying jobs in the defense industries, and during Red Summer of 1919, whites attacked blacks in numerous cities.Haynes tried to mitigate racial conflict in employment, housing, and recreation. He also continued his earlier work in studying how blacks were excluded from certain trade unions, interracial conditions in the workplace, and issues in child labor. <mask> was a member of the Federal Board for Vocational Education from 1914 to 1921 and served as chairman of the board in 1920 and 1921. He was appointed on March 4, 1921, a member of the International Joint Commission, created to prevent disputes regarding the use of the boundary waters between the United States and Canada, and served until March 21, 1921, when he resigned. In December 1916, <mask> addressed a conference on social insurance in which he discussed State developments in that field, such as the provision of mothers' pensions and workmen's compensation, and also spoke of the possibility of the United States introducing old-age pensions and universal health insurance. Later years and death
<mask> was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1926 against Republican <mask> Vare. After his public service he was engaged in mining and agricultural pursuits near Blossburg, Pennsylvania.He died on board a train near Savannah, Georgia on May 25, 1934. He was buried in Arbon Cemetery in Blossburg. Legacy

In 2007, <mask> was named to the U.S. Department of Labor's Labor Hall of Fame. It is located inside the North Plaza of the headquarters at the Frances Perkins Building on 200 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, D.C.

See also
 List of foreign-born United States Cabinet Secretaries

Footnotes

External links

 "<mask> <mask>: First U.S. Secretary of Labor," www.blossburg.org  Retrieved March 6, 2010. "<mask><mask> (1862–1934): Labor Hall of Fame Honoree (2007)," U.S. Department of Labor biography. Retrieved March 6, 2010. The <mask>op <mask> Papers, including political letters, official correspondence, files from his tenure with the Department of Labor and many other materials, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.|-

|-

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1862 births
1934 deaths
20th-century American politicians
American Presbyterians
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
People from Blantyre, South Lanarkshire
People from Tioga County, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Democrats
Scottish emigrants to the United States
United Mine Workers people
United States Secretaries of Labor
<mask> administration cabinet members

masks:
William Bauchop Wilson
Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
William B
. Wilson
Adam Black Wilson
Bauchop
Wilson
Adam Wilson
Adam Wilson
William Wilson
William
William
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Woodrow Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
William Scott
Wilson
William Bauchop
Wilson
William B
. Wilson
William Bauch
Wilson
Woodrow Wilson


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<mask>, (born Salinas Valley, New Kingdom of León, New Spain, March 9, 1766 - died San Marcos, Texas, New Spain, c. September 12, 1813), was a royalist military officer during the Mexican war of independence against Spain. He is mostly known for his capture of insurgent leaders Miguel Hidalgo, <mask>, José Mariano Jiménez, and Juan Aldama at the Wells of Baján, Coahuila in 1811. Initially a supporter of Mexican independence who converted to the royalist cause, <mask> is sometimes compared to the American Benedict Arnold. In 1813, after a successful campaign against rebel armies he was assassinated by one of his junior officers. Personal life
<mask> was born in the village of Salinas (now Salinas Victoria, Nuevo León). He was son of <mask> and María Josefa de Villarreal. He was of Spanish and Basque ancestry.During his childhood, <mask> lived in the village of Pesquería Grande (present-day Garcia, Nuevo León). His father owned many agricultural estates (haciendas). In 1787, at the age of twenty-one he married María Gertrudis. She died on March 6, 1797 while giving birth to his son, José Rafael Eusebio. <mask> began his military career in 1798, after being appointed Lieutenant of Pesquería's provincial militia company. Two years later, he was appointed Captain of the Punta de Lampazos provincial dragoons, one of the largest military units in the New Kingdom of León, present day Nuevo Leon. One year later <mask> returned again to his former position at Pesquería's provincial militia.In 1806, the governor of Nuevo León, Pedro de Herrera y Levya, appointed him to command the Eighth Dragoons, a company, which would operate in Texas against the frequent Apache attacks taking place. <mask> requested from the Viceroy an exemption from his military command as he was having serious financial problems. He owed money to the Roman Catholic church for livestock and land he had purchased. However, Governor de Herrera, declined to exempt him from his military duties which caused friction between the two men. He subsequently married Maria Romana Carrasco and, in 1806, the couple moved to the Hacienda of San Juan de Canoas, in Coahuila state, where he also administrated the Hacienda of Alamo near the city of Monclova. Capturing Hidalgo
The Mexican War of Independence from Spain began with the "grito" of the Roman Catholic priest, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, on September 16, 1810. Initially <mask>, stationed in Texas, took the side of the rebels in the Casas Revolt.<mask> had the responsibility of guarding royalist prisoners in Monclova, Coahuila. There, or possibly earlier, he was persuaded to join the royalists. Some historians debate whether General Ramon Díaz de Bustamante or Bishop  Primo Feliciano Marín de Porras won <mask> over to the royalists. Others believe he was converted by Manuel María de Salcedo of Texas and Simón de Herrera of Nuevo León, while the two royalist governors were his prisoners. <mask> was asked to continue to pretend to support the rebels to gain intelligence about the plans of Allende and Hidalgo who were then in flight toward the United States after a military defeat in the Battle of Calderon Bridge. In March 1811, Hidalgo and Allende, rebel military leaders, and the remnants of the rebel army were in Saltillo,  south of Monclova. The royalist sympathizers in Monclova included a group of large landowners of the region led by José Melchor Sanchez Navarro.Deceived into believing that Monclova was safely in the hands of rebel supporters, Allende, Hidalgo, other leaders, and 1,000 men of the rebel army departed Saltillo for Monclova. On March 21, 1811 <mask> was waiting at the Wells of Baján with 150 men. The rebel leaders arrived first at the wells in carriages. <mask> greeted them with an honor guard. He led the carriages behind a nearby hill not visible from the remainder of the rebel convoy. There, his men demanded the surrender of the rebel leaders. Padre Hidalgo, on horseback, drew a pistol but was restrained from firing by a royalist soldier.Allende was in the fifth carriage, and Allende opened fire. In the return fire Allende's son and several rebel soldiers were killed. The royalists tied the hands of the rebel leaders and their escorts and escorted them to a makeshift prison camp. This process of capturing elements of the rebel army continued all day long. As each new element arrived they were taken captive by <mask>'s men. By the end of the day the royalists had 893 prisoners and had killed about 40 of the rebels who resisted. The rear guard was the only contingent in the rebel army which sensed the danger and escaped capture.The next day <mask> divided the prisoners into three groups: the leaders of the rebels including Padre Hidalgo; captured rebel clergymen, and the common soldiers. All prisoners were taken to Monclova first and the lesser offenders remained there for trial. Ten captured clergymen were taken to Durango and 27 military leaders and Hidalgo were taken to Chihuahua for trial. The rebel leaders and many of their followers were executed. Royalist soldier
After the capture of the rebel leaders, <mask> was promoted to Lt. Colonel in the royalist army. Given the importance of his capture of the rebel leaders, the reward and the honors he received were modest.On March 29, 1813, the royalist army in Texas lost the Battle of Rosillo Creek and on April 1 the rebels occupied San Antonio. To begin the effort to recover Texas, General José Joaquín de Arredondo ordered <mask> to reconnoiter, but not to engage in battle with, the rebel forces of José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara in San Antonio. With a force of 1,050 men <mask> crossed the Rio Grande on June 12 and, against Arredondo's orders, camped near San Antonio de Bexar and demanded Gutiérrez's surrender. On June 20, Gutiérrez's army of 1,500 men surprised <mask> in the Battle of Alazan Creek and soundly defeated his forces, forcing <mask> to retreat to the Rio Grande. General Arredondo ordered <mask> to join him in an effort to retake the Spanish colony of Texas. With 1,830 men the two commanders advanced from Mexico toward San Antonio. On August 18, 1813, at the Battle of Medina, <mask> led a cavalry division of the Royal Spanish Army to defeat the 1,400 man rebel Republican Army of the North, crushing the so-called Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition as well as the insurrection in Texas.<mask>'s last military service to the King of Spain was as the officer in command of a contingent of 500 cavalrymen dispatched by Arredondo from the capital at San Antonio, to chase and mop-up the fleeing survivors of the insurgent army immediately after the Battle of Medina. His last reports (before the incident that led to his death on his return from this successful mission) detail his march along the Camino Real toward eastern Texas, where he captured and executed many of the rebel soldiers at the Spanish hacienda of Trinidad de Salcedo (1807-1813) on Trinity River, which he depopulated and burned (see translation of <mask>'s final reports appended here). He pursued rebel soldiers as far as Nacogdoches in eastern Texas and executed 71 rebel soldiers and took more than 100 prisoners. Death
On September 3, 1813, <mask> was critically wounded by Lieutenant Miguel (or Manuel) Serrano, while sleeping in his encampment at the edge of the Brazos River. He died a few days later. Many historians believe he was buried on the bank of the San Marcos River, in Texas, New Spain, where he died as he was being carried back to the capital on a litter. However, if Lt. Col. <mask> was, indeed, first interred on the banks of the San Marcos River, then his remains must have been exhumed later and re-buried in San Antonio, where on 9 October 1815, his burial was recorded in the campo santo record book at San Fernando cathedral as No.715: "<mask>, Lt. Col. of the cavalry. Spanish, married to Romana Carrasco. He died of wounds received from an attack whilst he slept." References

People of the Mexican War of Independence
1766 births
Colonial Mexico
1813 deaths
People from Salinas Victoria, Nuevo León
People of Spanish Texas

masks:
Francisco Ignacio Elizondo Villarreal
Ignacio Allende
Elizondo
Elizondo
José Marcos de Elizondo
Elizondo
Ignacio Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Elizondo
Ignacio Elizondo


texts:
<mask> (born 28 January 1946 in Cambridge) is the co-founder of Acorn Computers, with Hermann Hauser and Andy Hopper. He became a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success. In his early career days, he worked at Pye, Royal Radar Establishment and W.R. Grace Laboratories. Then, in April 1966 he joined Sinclair Radionics where he worked for 13 years. He was involved with their hifi products and their Sinclair C5 electric vehicle. In 1972, he helped Sinclair Radionics to launch its first electronic calculator, the Sinclair Executive. He set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd. (CPU) in December 1978.Their first product was the Acorn Microcomputer (later called the System 1). In 1983, he co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter and <mask> and they bought the Acorn User title. In 1985, he founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS) and remains the director. In 2012, he announced his latest project for GIS, Care with Canary. Early life

<mask> went to school initially in St Neots in Cambridgeshire, then later went to the independent Kimbolton School, also in Cambridgeshire. He gained two A levels, in Maths and Physics. He thought about going to university at the University of Southampton, but was keener to be earning some money whilst learning.Early career

He joined Pye in Cambridge in 1964. He stayed for a few months, then left for the Royal Radar Establishment in Worcestershire. He worked on the radar for the proposed BAC TSR-2. The RRE had been the site of many technological advances such as the integrated circuit in 1952. He stayed for nine months. He moved to the W.R. Grace Laboratories, run by ITT, and stayed for six months. Sinclair Radionics

In April 1966, <mask> joined Sinclair Radionics, a company founded by Clive Sinclair in 1961.<mask> was to play an important role in getting Sinclair interested in both calculators and computers in his thirteen years with the company. <mask> was at first involved with Sinclair's hifi products, which included amplifiers and speakers, and he also worked on Sinclair's electric vehicle, a project that would turn into the C5 some years later. In 1972, Sinclair Radionics launched its first electronic calculator, the Executive, which was considerably smaller than its competitors since it used hearing-aid-sized batteries. <mask> and Jim Westwood had discovered that it was possible to exploit persistence in the diode displays and memory and introduced a timer that removed the power from these components for most of the time. This discovery dramatically improved the lasting-power of the batteries. Until 1976 Sinclair Radionics had enjoyed 15 years of strong turnover and profit growth. However, the company sustained losses related to difficulties with chip supplies for the Black Watch.As a result, there were insufficient internal funds available for the final stages of the pocket TV project Sinclair had been working on for some 10 years. In August 1976 the National Enterprise Board (NEB) provided £650,000 in return for 43 per cent stake in Sinclair Radionics. Sinclair did not like sharing control of his company. Thus, he converted a company he had purchased in 1973, Ablesdeal Ltd, into Westminster Mail Order Ltd, which was itself renamed to Sinclair Instrument Ltd. In this way, he maintained control of his most important projects. Science of Cambridge

Shortly after the NEB took control Sinclair encouraged <mask> to leave Sinclair Radionics to get Sinclair Instruments off the ground. <mask> borrowed some money and rented offices at 6 King's Parade, Cambridge.To raise cash, Sinclair Instruments released the Wrist Calculator, designed by John Pemberton, in February 1977. The product was successful, selling 15,000 units. In July 1977, the company was renamed to Science of Cambridge Ltd. Around the same time Ian Williamson showed <mask> a prototype computer based around a National Semiconductor SC/MP and some parts scavenged from a Sinclair Cambridge calculator. <mask> was impressed and encouraged Sinclair to adopt this as a product; an agreement was reached with Williamson but no contract was ever signed: Nat Semi had offered to redesign the project so that it used only their components and they also offered to manufacture the boards. <mask> took Nat Semi up on its offer and in June 1978 Science of Cambridge launched a microcomputer kit (marketed as the MK14) based around the National SC/MP chip. <mask> wanted to further develop the MK14 but Sinclair was working on the NewBrain. Sinclair's reluctance to develop the MK14 led <mask> to consider his options.Throughout the MK14 project he had been discussing it with his friend, physics researcher Hermann Hauser, who had also helped by seeking out advice from the many computer experts on hand in Cambridge University. Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd

Curry and Hauser had become increasingly interested in the idea of selling their own computers and so, on 5 December 1978, they set up Cambridge Processor Unit Ltd (CPU). Their first customer was Ace Coin Equipment Ltd, who needed controllers for their fruit machines. Acorn Computer

The Acorn Microcomputer (later to be called the System 1) was launched as the first product of a new company, Acorn Computers Ltd, founded in March 1979. <mask> said that they "chose the word Acorn because it was going to be an expanding and growth-oriented system". After becoming a millionaire as a result of Acorn's success with the BBC Micro project, in 1983 <mask> co-founded Redwood Publishing with Michael Potter (former publisher of advertising trade weekly Campaign) and <mask> (former editor of Daily Express newspaper). The company bought the Acorn User title.GIS

At the time of the Olivetti takeover of Acorn in 1985 <mask> founded General Information Systems Ltd (GIS), based on Acorn's Communications Group, and he remains a director. GIS specialises in Smart Card technologies for access control and electronic money. In 2012 he announced his latest project with GIS, Care with Canary, a wireless sensor system that allows family members to remotely monitor relatives living alone and triggers alerts. See also
 Micro Men

References

Bibliography

 Lloyd, Tom (1984). Dinosaur & Co.: Studies in Corporate Evolution. London: Routledge and Keegan Paul. Penny, R. K. (1986).Developing a Philosophy for Engineering. Cape Town: University of Cape Town. Perry, James (1985). "Britain's Sir Clive Sinclair Keeps Bouncing Back With New Inventions." The Wall Street Journal. 6 June. Pesola, Maija (2005)."The Fertile Soil of Silicon Fen." Financial Times. 9 February. 1946 births
Living people
Acorn Computers
English businesspeople
Businesspeople in computing
People from Cambridge
People educated at Kimbolton School

masks:
Christopher Curry
Christopher Ward
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<mask> (born April 25, 1952) is an American film and television producer, director, cinematographer, advertising executive, internet strategist, and designer. Personal life
<mask> was born on April 25, 1952, in Peekskill, New York, grew up in Croton-on-Hudson, New York, and since 1975 <mask> resides in Tribeca in Lower Manhattan, New York City. Starting in 1971, <mask> attended New York University, Tisch School of the Arts for Film and TV, with mentorship by his professor George C. Stoney who taught documentary filmmaking. <mask>'s classmates included Barry Sonnenfeld, Amy Heckerling, Susan Seidelman, Martin Brest, Mitchell Block and Leonard Maltin. Career timeline

After graduating New York University Tisch School of the Arts in 1974, <mask> produced and photographed films for NBC's Saturday Night Live over a 43-year period, beginning in 1978. Southside Johnny and The Asbury Jukes commissioned <mask> to direct a documentary film including a live concert at the Asbury Park Convention Hall on August 8, 1979. The film was first shown in January 1980 on Warner Cable's QUBE in Columbus, Ohio.In 1982, <mask> won his first Emmy Award for outstanding achievement in directing and cinematography for his work for CBS Sports Super Bowl XVI

In 1982, <mask> formed Neal Marshad Productions, and began producing films for IBM in the US and Europe using the ARPANET to facilitate global communications between crews and clients. IBM commissioned <mask> to direct a documentary film about architect Renzo Piano and the IBM Traveling Technology Pavilion in Paris. In 1984 <mask> collaborated with actor/producer Michael Douglas,  Betsy Gotbaum, and Rolling Stone Magazine's publisher Jann Wenner, and the New York City Police Department to produce a documentary film about handgun ownership  dedicated to John Lennon. In 1989, <mask> produced and directed the television documentary The Conspiracy of Silence  with actress Kathleen Turner. in 1989 and 1990, Marshad produced, directed and photographed two standup comedy specials hosted by Improvisation Comedy Club founder Budd Friedman and sponsored by Johnnie Walker. The one-hour specials were broadcast respectively on The Comedy Channel in 1989 and on Comedy Central in 1990, for which Marshad directed then unknown comedians Steve Harvey, Ray Romano, Brian Kiley, Judd Apatow and Ellen Cleghorne. In 1993, while working for IBM Latin America, and creating a documentary film about making the Vatican Library accessible online, <mask> pioneered streaming video on the internet, and was first to stream a video on a BBC’s website in 1995.In 1996, <mask> formed The Marshad Technology Group, a digital agency, and was hired by clients including Chanel, Neiman Marcus, Beiersdorf La Prairie, and the BBC to strategize, create and launch their internet businesses. In the same year, he was commissioned by Speedo, the swimwear manufacturer, to create and launch Speedo.com. Marshad was the first to enable email communication between Olympic athletes and sports fans online, for the Olympics Summer games in Atlanta, Georgia. In 1997, <mask> started to collaborate with playwright Edward Albee and Martha Wadsworth Coigney  to create the first website for the International Theatre Institute. The goal of the website was to promote open and free communications among playwrights, actors, directors and all people working in theater around the world. For that effort, <mask> directed and streamed audio interviews which he recorded of Albee. This was the first recorded performance Albee allowed to be published on the web.In 1998, <mask> worked as segment producer and cinematographer on the TV special Saturday Night Live: The Best of Phil Hartman, collaborating with writer/director Tom Schiller and actors Phil Hartman and Jan Hooks which became the last tribute to Hartman in a special send off by all the current and past SNL cast members who worked with Hartman including Candice Bergen, Dana Carvey, Danny DeVito, Will Ferrell, Chris Kattan, Steve Martin, Mike Myers, Chris Rock, Adam Sandler, and William Shatner. Al Franken was one of the writers as well as Conan O'Brien and others. <mask> was director of photography (videographer) for the USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education interviews of Martin Greenfield in Westhampton, New York. Under the direction of Steven Spielberg, the Foundation has collected the permanent testimony of over 52,000 holocaust survivors, liberators, rescuers, and war crimes trial participants. <mask> collaborated again with playwright Edward Albee to create and direct videos of his performances at the Jack Lenor Larsen sculpture garden at LongHouse Reserve, East Hampton, New York in 1999. <mask> was hired in October 1999 by Janet Gurwitch, founder of Laura Mercier Cosmetics to provide strategy, design and technology for www.lauramercier.com. In September 2001, <mask> collaborated with actor Jerry Stiller, jazz singer Cassandra Wilson and actress Kathleen Turner, to create "What Can I Do?"a public service television campaign for the Citizens Committee for New York City to help residents recover from the destruction of the September 11 attacks. <mask> had previously collaborated with the Citizens Committee for New York City starting in 1977  to help NYC residents recover from New York City blackout of 1977 and David Berkowitz (the "Son of Sam") and created the "Who Cares About NYC?" public service television campaign with Diane von Fürstenberg, Otto Preminger, Robert Merrill, Jack Gilford, Dina Merrill, Cliff Robertson, Gato Barbieri, Alan King (comedian), Robert Klein, Henny Youngman, and others. <mask> is currently an executive producer for Eurocinema vod, the Video-On-Demand television network available specializing in European box office films that is in 35 million United States homes. In August 2011 <mask> signed an agreement with the Apollo Theater to exclusively direct, develop, joint venture and produce musical and comedy filmed entertainment for online streaming to worldwide audiences. In 2012 <mask> worked as segment producer, segment director, and segment director of photography for a TV special produced by and starring Steve Harvey. The Marshad Technology Group achieved Google Partner status in March, 2014.<mask> was asked, in May 2014, to become DOWNTOWN magazine's Digital Media Advisor, and was offered a board position. On October 11, 2014, "Love is a Dream", a film Marshad produced and photographed, was broadcast on Saturday Night Live as a tribute to former cast member Jan Hooks who died on October 8, 2014. The film was included in the Saturday Night Live 25th Anniversary Special which aired on September 25, 1999 which won the 2000 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special. The film was also included in the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special which aired on February 15, 2015. Steve Harvey and Deep Dish Productions of Chicago, LLC contracted with <mask> in October 2015 to provide Segment Producer/Director/Director of Photography services for The Steve Harvey Show on NBC. In June 2016, <mask> was named to the International Advisory Board of LongHouse Reserve, by Jack Lenor Larsen, East Hampton (town), New York. In November 2016, Microsoft asked Marshad to become a Microsoft Bing Partner Agency.On November 20, 2021, "Java Junkie", a film Marshad produced and photographed, was broadcast on Saturday Night Live as a tribute to former cast member and writer Peter Aykroyd. References

External links
 https://www.marshad.com
 NYTimes.com News From the Advertising Industry article
 Marshad Technology Group/Neal Marshad Productions' Facebook Page
 NYTimes.com Style Section article
 http://www.steveharvey.com/
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuBooT9K3Ic Cassandra Wilson "Sing With Your Neighbors" TV spot
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lj26LDPOfKM Jerry Stiller "Get Off Your Tuchas!" TV spot
 http://theconcourse.deadspin.com/watch-jan-hooks-and-phil-hartman-in-the-weird-gorgeous-1644570315
 https://www.nbc.com/saturday-night-live
 http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/jan-hooks-phil-hartman-in-saturday-night-live-s-love-is-a-dream-1.9488676
 http://www.hulu.com/watch/698984 "Love is a Dream"
 http://www.longhouse.org/pages/who-we-are "International Advisory Board, LongHouse Reserve
 https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/saturday-night-live-recap-billie-043014765.html

1952 births
Living people
American film producers
American film directors
People from Peekskill, New York
Tisch School of the Arts alumni
People from Croton-on-Hudson, New York
Film directors from New York (state)

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Neal Marshad
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<mask> (born 20 June 1954) is a South African-born former English cricketer, who played for the first-class teams of Western Province and Northamptonshire. Making his Test debut in 1982, he was a fixture in the Test and One-Day International team for the next decade. He represented England at three World Cups. He served as captain of Northamptonshire, and also captained England in three Test matches. Personal life
<mask> was born to British parents in Langebaanweg, Union of South Africa. His father Mickey was a journeyman club bowler. <mask> attended Wynberg Boys' High School and Abbots College.Career

Domestic cricket in South Africa
In January 1973, <mask> made his first team debut at the age of 18 when he played for the Western Province in the Currie Cup. He batted at number three and made 59 and 36 against the Eastern Province. He then had a two-year absence from the game and joined the National Service in the South African Air Force building airfields before returning to the club. Western Province then experimented with <mask> as an opener, at 5 and 6 but 4 was always his true and regular position in the batting order for Western Province. <mask> then had one year playing for Orange Free State, where he scored his highest first-class score of 294, before moving back to the Western Province for the rest of his South African domestic career. County cricket with Northamptonshire
<mask> came to England along with two young other cricketers, Peter Kirsten and Garth Le Roux, in search of fame and a county contract and it was Northamptonshire who signed <mask> as a relatively unknown overseas player in 1978. <mask> ended the 1980 season with 1,797 runs and first place in the national batting averages with 66.55.He also took the Gold Award for his match-winning 72 in the Benson and Hedges Cup final against Essex. He was also a member of the 1992 NatWest Trophy winning team. In his final season as captain in 1995 he very nearly took Northamptonshire to their first County Championship with 12 wins in their final 17 matches. <mask> spent 18 seasons at the County Ground between 1978 and 1995, and scored more than 30,000 runs in 600 appearances for the club across first-class and limited overs cricket. In 2001, Northamptonshire honoured him by naming a room in the club's Indoor Centre 'The <mask> Room'. In a 2020 poll he was named Northamptonshire's greatest player of all time. Test Cricket
In 1970, South Africa were banned from international cricket indefinitely because of its government's policy of apartheid.The South-African born <mask> emigrated to England. Named a Wisden Cricketer of the Year in 1981, <mask> made his test debut against India in 1982, and after having made his ODI debut a few days earlier. England vs India  1982
England hosted India for a 3 Test series. <mask> made his debut for the first Test at Lords. England won the match by 7 wickets and <mask> was not out when the winning runs were scored. He retained his place for the next two Tests, scoring his maiden Test century in the 3rd Test. England vs Pakistan 1982
<mask> played all three Tests of the series against Pakistan.England won the series 2-1 and would be their last series win against Pakistan for 18 years. <mask> scored 48 in 6 innings, beginning a low run of scores against them. Australia vs England 1982/83
<mask>'s first overseas International tour was the 1982/83 Ashes. He played all 5 Tests scoring 414 at 41. England vs New Zealand 1983
<mask> scored 392 in the 4 Tests, the second most in the series with an unbeaten century in the first and last Tests. New Zealand vs England 1983/84
In the return 3-match series, <mask> could only manage 82 runs in 4 innings. Pakistan vs England 1983/84
<mask>’s poor run of form continued as he scored 78 runs in 5 innings.England vs West Indies 1984
<mask>’s first encounter with the West Indies and he began his streak of good form against them. While England lost 5-0 the first and only time England had suffered a home defeat like this, he was their leading scorer with 386 runs including a series-high three centuries. England vs Sri Lanka 1984
Sri Lanka’s first Test match in England and <mask> scored a century in a drawn match. India vs England 1984/85
A Five Test tour of India that England won 2-1 after losing the first Test. <mask> scored 241 at 40 with a highest score of 67. <mask> bowled one over and captured his only Test wicket when he had Manoj Prabhakar lbw in the Third Test. England vs Australia 1985
<mask>’s first Ashes series at home and his first Ashes win.1-1 after four Tests, England ran over the top winning the final two Tests. <mask> scored 256 at 36 with a highest score of 67. West Indies vs England 1985/86
A 5 Test series against the West Indies resulted in another 5-0 defeat. <mask> was just one of 5 tourists to play all 5 Tests. He scored 224 at 22.4 with a highest score of 62. England vs India 1986
<mask> only played the first two Tests of the series scoring 65 at 16 as England lost the Test series 2-0. Australia vs England 1986/87
Despite England retaining the Ashes in Australia, it wasn’t the best of series for <mask> who could only manage 144 runs at 18.England vs West Indies 1988
Back in the side after a year’s absence, <mask> returned to face the might of the West Indies. It was a difficult summer for England using four Captains across the five Tests. <mask> was the second highest English run scorer with 254 at 42. He scored a century in the Second Test at Lords. Injured in the fourth Test, <mask> couldn’t play in the final match of the series. This would actually be the end of a West Indian period of domination stretching back as far as the 1960s and was the last West Indian series win in England. England vs Sri Lanka 1988
<mask> returned for the one-off Test against Sri Lanka and scored 63 in the win.England vs Australia 1989
Now 35, <mask> was very much an elder statesman of the team. In the opening Test at Headingley, <mask> scored his only Ashes century. Injured, he was unable to take any further part in the series. West Indies vs England 1989-90
This tour was a signature moments of <mask>’s career. He scored 132 in the opening Test, which England won by 9 wickets. This was the first win of <mask>’s career against the West Indies and the only time he was Man of the Match in a Test. It was England’s first Test Victory over the West Indies since 1974.The second Test was abandoned and the third was a draw. Chasing 151 to win, England could only manage 5/120 from 33 overs. <mask> was captain for the Fourth Test and scored 119 as England lost by 164 runs. He was also captain for the Fifth and final Test which the West Indies won by an innings and 32 runs. England vs New Zealand 1990
England hosted New Zealand for a Three Test series. <mask> played in all 3 Tests scoring 129 at 32.35

England vs India 1990
India then toured for 3 Tests and <mask> scored 2 centuries. With 364 at 60, he was the third highest English run scorer of the series.Australia vs England 1990/91
<mask> captained England for the First Test which England lost by 10 wickets. <mask> missed the next 2 Tests with injury but came back for the final 2 where his 91 in Perth was his highest Test score in Australia. In the final 2 Tests, Craig McDermott dismissed him all four times. England vs West Indies 1991
<mask>’s final Test series against the West Indies. Ironically <mask> would have his worst series against West Indies only averaging 12.57 with a high score of 29, but it was his best series team wise as England would draw the series 2-2. England won the opening Test by 115 runs, just the second win and one and only in England that <mask> would experience against the West Indies. <mask> was dropped for the Fifth Test which England won.New Zealand vs England 1991/92
Recalled for the Tour of New Zealand, this was <mask>’s final overseas tour. He began the series with 93 and finished it with 142 his highest Test score. <mask> was the leading run scorer of the series with 338 at 67.60. England vs Pakistan 1992
<mask>’s final Test series. Played with the wounds of England’s World Cup Final loss to Pakistan still fresh there was a lot of bad blood in the series. It was the end of an era with it for the Final Test series for stalwarts such as Ian Botham, David Gower and Derek Pringle. <mask>’s final Test was at Lord’s, a match England narrowly lost by 2 wickets.One Day International Cricket
<mask>’s style of play was well suited to the limited over game and he was a staple of the English side for 10 years. He still has the 10th most runs for England with 4010 runs. <mask> played in two World Cup finals and one semi final. On the 1986/87 Tour of Australia, <mask> was a member of the side that was the World Series Cup and America’s Cup Challenge. 18 run final over
Chasing 234 at the SCG, England needed 18 from the final over. Bruce Reid with figures of 9-3-26-1 was  to bowl the final over. At that stage <mask> was 59 from 97 balls and yet to hit a boundary.Batting with Phillip de Freitas, the first ball of the final over was hit for 2, although de Freitas would have been run out with a better throw. The second ball was hit for 4, <mask>’s first boundary of the innings. The third ball was hit for 6. The fourth ball was 2, but only after a bad throw resulted in an overthrow. The fifth ball was hit for 4 to seal a 3 wicket victory with one ball remaining. That over would be the subject of a cheeky banner used for the next match between the two sides which read "Can Bruce Reid please call <mask> on 24624". This is still the second most runs scored in the final over of an ODI match to win.1983 World Cup
<mask>’s first World Cup innings was a century against New Zealand at The Oval. England topped its group but were knocked out by eventual winners India in the semi-finals. 1987 World Cup
England began the tournament with a game against the West Indies. Chasing 244, England needed 91 from the last 10, 34 from the last 3 and then 14 from the final over. With a 2, 4, 4 wides, 1 no-ball and single and then a 1, England secured the two wicket victory with three balls spare. England finished second in its group and avenged its semi-final defeat from four years earlier with a 35 run victory over India to advance to the final. With an unbeaten 32 from 29, <mask> helped guide England to 254.The final was against Australia. Australia batting first let loose at the end of their innings scoring 65 from the final 6 overs - runs that would prove vital in a total of 5/253. Australia won by 7 runs with <mask> scoring 45 in the final. 1992 World Cup
In his third world cup, England were one of the strongest teams and <mask> couldn’t make his way into the XI during the first half of the tournament but played the final four games. England defeated South Africa in a controversial semi-final affected by rain - this was the only time <mask> played a match against his country of birth. He scored 31 in the final which England lost by 22 runs to Pakistan. <mask> only made his Test debut at 28 and would be a lynchpin of the English middle order for the next 10 years.<mask>’s record of 4656 runs at 36 with 14 centuries belies his ability and how good he was. He played in 79 tests of which England only won 21. They lost 32 and drew 26. In the 22 games <mask> was a member of the winning side, his average increased to 44. <mask> played 122 One Day internationals of which England won 122, lost 64, tied 1 with 2 abandoned. Of his 14 Test hundreds, 6 of them came against the West Indies in 22 matches. He only enjoyed 2 Test wins against the West Indies.<mask> relished the big stage and in the World Cup scored 656 runs at 50.46 - the 5th highest World Cup batting average for an English player. <mask> was a member of two successful Ashes campaigns (in 1985 and 1986–87), but did not score a century in either series. His sole Ashes century came at Headingley in 1989 in a match England lost in disappointing fashion. In 20 Ashes matches he scored 1138 runs at an average of over 34. He captained England in 3 Tests and lost them all, but he did score a century on debut as captain. Malcolm Marshall dismissed him the most on 13 occasions and Geoff Lawson was next most with 8

Lord’s was <mask>’s most prolific ground scoring 959 at 43.59 with 4 centuries. Post-retirement
Since retiring from all forms of cricket in 1995, <mask> has published his autobiography called Silence of the Lamb, which he released in 1996.He has also done a lot of television work including working on the British TV channels Sky Sports and Channel 5 as an analyst. He alongside Ian Botham, have teamed up with English Beef and Lamb Executive to create an advertising campaign for Quality Standard Beef and Lamb in which they use their names, 'Beefy' and '<mask>y' and cartoon characteristics as a selling point. He also starred in the instant classic 'What Rats Won't Do' a film which also starred Samantha Bond, Charles Dance and Harry Enfield. He was also a contestant on a special Cricketers Edition of The Weakest Link, where he was voted off in the second round. He created a sporting events and global travel company called Lamb Associates. References

External links

England One Day International cricketers
English cricketers of 1969 to 2000
England Test cricket captains
Free State cricketers
Northamptonshire cricket captains
Northamptonshire cricketers
Western Province cricketers
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
1954 births
Living people
South African people of English descent
South African people of British descent
Cricketers at the 1983 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1987 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1992 Cricket World Cup
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Alumni of Wynberg Boys' High School
English cricketers

masks:
Allan Joseph Lamb
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Legacy Lamb
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texts:
<mask> (; born July 18, 1978), better known simply as <mask>, is an Argentine professional theater and burlesque dancer, actress, and supervedette, who has also dabbled as a model and as a singer in several television, magazine and theater appearances. <mask> has worked as a television co-hostess and panelist, and is currently a panelist on El Chimentero 3.0. <mask> has participated in multiple seasons of the Argentine version of Dancing with the Stars, Bailando por un Sueño, competing together with professional dancers Martín Whitecamp, Joel Ledesma, Reynaldo Ojeda and many others. She has also appeared on many spin-offs of the show. Career

Early
<mask> began her career in a dance school in the city of La Plata. At the time, and being a professor of classical dance, she became part of the play Ballet del Teatro Argentino. She then became a dancer for professional dancer Iñaki Urlezaga for seven years.When Pepe Cibrian saw her, he signed her in the musical comedy El Fantasma de Canterville, but <mask> was most flattered in theater magazines. <mask> worked alongside the likes of Ethel Rojo, el Negro Álvarez, Laura Fidalgo, and as the lead female dancer of Jorge Corona. Reina Reech discovered <mask> in casting for Miguel Ángel Cherutti and Carmen Barbieri's magazine "Irresistible", and she was called to be one of the figures of the show, where she showed her skills as a vedette, singing, and dancing. Theatre

Music

Modeling
In 2008 <mask> modeled for Maxim in Argentina for the March and July covers. She modeled again for Maxim in 2009 for its January cover. In July 2008 she modeled for Paparazzi alongside Valeria Archimó in an erotic photo shoot. In 2009 <mask> modeled as the Feyvi girl of that year, turning her into a sex symbol.In 2010 <mask> modeled for both Paparazzi in an erotic photo shoot and for Playboy for the March cover of the Argentine edition. In 2011 the dancer-actress again modeled for the Argentine celebrity-gossip magazine Paparazzi in three separate erotic photo shoots. In 2012 she modeled a sixth time for the same magazine in an exclusive bikini photo shoot. She modeled in July 2011 for the Argentine men's magazine "H"ombre in a highly erotic photo shoot. That same year, in November, <mask> created a portfolio of herself named "Dulce Rock" (Sweet Rock), with photos taken by Aníbal Pérez and clothing by Marta Trobbiani and Gisela Sabino. She also modeled for the magazine Caras in a tribute to 20th-century supervedette Nélida Roca. She has also modeled in tribute to Madonna.<mask> was the face of both the TOUT 2011 bikini and fitness collection and the Noelia Vardaro 2012 bikini collection. She was also the star model for Daniel Vega alongside Andréa Estévez (circa 2009). Since October 2014, <mask> has been the face of "Adrenalina" by Image Joyas. 2007–2012: Theatre and dance

Theatre
In 2007, she was called to perform in Barbieri and Cherruti's musical sequel Irresistible, Otra Historia de Humor, where she starred alongside Miguel Angel Cherutti, Carmen Barbieri, Rodrigo Rodríguez, Alacrán, Sabrina Ravelli and Valeria Archimaut under the artistic and creative direction of Reina Reech. The book was by Sergio Marcos and Martín Guerra, and the main producers and directors were Miguel Ángel Cherutti and Aldo Aresi. She starred as a vedette and dancer alongside Valeria Archimó and a great body of professional dancers including Sabrina Ravelli (Lead Dancer), Ariel Pastocchi, Pablo Lena, Agustín Maccagno, Cristian Ponce, Natalia Perea, Dominique Pestaña, Yamila Ramírez and Emilia Chaya. She also sang in the show.In 2008, she was called for Incomparable, the new proposal of Miguel Angel and Carmen Barbieri Cherutti, a show that starred Miguel Ángel Cherutti, Carmen Barbieri, Celina Rucci, Rodrigo Rodríguez, Diego Reinhold, <mask> <mask> and Vanina Escudero. During the 2008-2009 theater season, she formed part of the staff of Gerardo Sofovich in his magazine La Fiesta Está en el Lago (The party is in the Lake) where the show was led by Florencia De La V and followed by <mask> as outstanding vedette next to Valeria Archimó and Mónica Farro. The magazine also starred el Negro Álvarez. In 2009, <mask> starred in the comedy Doña Flor y sus Dos Maridos in Buenos Aires with Norma Pons. During the summer season of 2009–2010 in Mar del Plata she co-starred in the comedy Primera dama se busca with Nito Artaza, Fabian Gianola and María Eugenia Ritó. In March 2010, <mask> replaced Jésica Cirio as the first vedette of the music hall Carnaval de Etrellas, with Estela Raval, Raúl Lavié, Flavio Mendoza and many others. Excitante
She was the lead vedette of the theatre show Excitante composed of important personalities from the art.She was featured alongside Argentine acrobat-dancers Cinthia Fernández, Estefanía Bacca and Flavio Mendoza (also the head choreographer of the show), as well as model and dancer Jésica Cirio, model and lawyer Alejandra Maglietti and Uruguayan professional dancer-actress Virginia Dobrich. The magazine debuted on December 2 in the theatre of Mar del Plata. The producer was Daniel Comba and the show was led and presented by Miguel Angel Cherutti and Nito Artaza. Other cast members were Luciana Salazar, Estela Raval, Bicho Gómez and Campi. The musical has finished its fourth and last musical cycle. The show was formed by <mask> <mask>, Jésica Cirio, Cinthia Fernández, Alejandra Maglietti, Estefanía Bacca, Virginia Dobrich, Carmen Flores, Miguel Angel Cherutti, Nito Artaza, Marcos “Bicho” Gómez, Estela Raval, los 5 Latinos and Ádrian Kiss, the show's lead male dancer and acrobat. 2012–present: New ground projects

Music
On January 5, 2012, <mask> commented on the show 7 en 1 presented by Daniel Ambrosino and Cora de Barbieri that she was working on a singing career.On November 3, 2011 <mask> taped a video with the band Banda XXI of her dancing to their song "Bam Bam". In February 2013 she commented that she was still taking singing classes as well as theater, and was working on creating her band and tour:

"Singing is what gives me more pleasure, even more than dance. It's a dream to fulfill. For now I put it in the musical comedy, but someday I'd like to put together a band and tour." Cantando 2012
She participated in Cantando por un sueño 2012. She was partnered with Nicolas martinelli and is coached by Rodrigo Segura. <mask> and the show debuted on April 13, live on channel El Trece.She was eliminated in the eighth round by boxer La Mole Moli. Saved by the public: Fabio "La Mole" Moli (56,96%)
 Eliminated: <mask> <mask> (43,04%)
 During these rounds, all the couples sang in a duel. (Round 4)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 12 couples, and the other 3 went to the public vote. 2 couples were eliminated. (Round 5)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 11 couples, and the other 2 went to the public vote, ending with one of them being eliminated. (Round 6)The judges did not score the performances; instead, they saved 10 couples, and the other 2 went to the public vote, ending with one of them being eliminated. Theatre 2012–present
On April 26, <mask> was asked by Beto César, ex-husband of Carmen Barbieri as well as one of her musical producers, if she would act in Barbieri's and Casán's new musical revue show, Escándalosas.She was not signed to perform. <mask> was the lead supervedette of the theater magazine, Hasta la Re-vista, Baby! alongside magician El Mago Zaul, actor-comedian Marcelo Barbosa, 1st vedette Maira Barrionuevo, 2nd vedette Brenda Ríos, Humor en 3D (a comedy trio), vedette China Moor, and a hugh cast of dancers, actors, acrobats, comedians and musicians. The revue debuted on October 25 in the city of Rosario. El diluvio que viene
In September 19, <mask> debuted as Consuelo (the lead role), in the re-adaptation of the Italian musical comedy, Aggiungi un posto a tavola (El diluvio que viene) in Avenue Corrientes, Buenos Aires at the Lola Membrives theatre. She starred alongside Juan Durán and Natalie Pérez with Pablo Nápoli, Juan Bautista Carreras, María Teresita del Río and Tamara Solange, María Fernanda Álvarez, Antonella Fucci, Melisa Fucci, Natalia Mouras, Manuela Núñez, Andrea Oyanto, Lucía Valenti, Santiago Almaraz, Rodrigo Cuello, Marcelo Durán, Ezeqiel Fernanz, Santiago Santacruz, Diego Respigo, Juan Quiroga, Jorge Cegretti and Mikhael Sánchez. The musical comedy was produced and directed by Laura Fidalgo, Juan Durán, Chino Carreras, Gabriel Giangrante, Martín Bianchedi, Rubén Cuello, Pepe Cibrián and Angel Maler, and was created by Pietro Garinei and Sandro Giovannini.Stravaganza
<mask>, after auditioning and long planning with Flavio Mendoza, was called to star in the second version of Stravaganza as its star leading supervedette. It was confirmed that the supervedette has accepted to lead the second cycle of the largest theatre musical of 2011 and 2012, Stravaganza. The musical is a mix of classical Argentine revue and Cirque du Soleil-like performances. It was mainly produced and directed by Mendoza, Ariel Diwan and Romina Propato, who was also the main choreographer. She led the show alongside Argentine Olympic gymnast Federico Molinari; theater producer, director, choreographer, acrobat, dancer and creator of the musicals, Flavio Mendoza; acrobat gymnast and acro-dancer Belén Pouchán; singers Luciano Bassi and Yanina Giunta; clown-acrobat Bruno Pedro; and comedy group Lo Lumvrise; among others, for a total of 49 artist on stage. The cirques revue's "Water in Art" (Facundo Mazzei, Cinthia Fernández, Noelia Pompa) version re-debuted on October 31, 2012 in Buenos Aires, and the "Estados del Tiempo" (Flavio Mendoza, <mask> <mask>, Federico Molinari) version was to debut on the 21st of December in Villa Carlos Paz, in the Luxor theatre. The musical was moved from the 21st to the 25th of December, because production was not done and Maximiliano Morales Bravo, a 19-year-old acrobat-dancer of the musical, was staved on the 21st (survived and was released from the hospital on December 25).It was planned to have a long lasting international tour, as the idea was

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 based in New York. The show's debut was the highest seen theater show debut of the season in Villa Carlos Paz, and gained highly positive comments from its viewers:

"Spectacular scenography. Really overcomes in all respects to all the shows I've seen in my life. The costumes, the cast all flawless. - Great, <mask> a genius, far the best of all. Also came last year (Stravaganza: Water in Art) and Flavio has really succeeded. - We always follow him, Flavio is amazing.The best artist that the villa has this summer. Last year was incredible and now it's just amazing. Do not miss it, great costumes, the scenery, everything spotless." As of January 14 of 2013, Stravaganza had sold the most tickets in Villa Carlos Paz, with over 14.100 sales, double the best-selling ticket in Mar del Plata. As of February, 2013, the music hall-cirques had passed sales of 100.000 tickets and was planning on performing until the end of March, later to debut in the Broadway theatre in mid-2013. On January 4, 2014, Stravaganza re-debuted in Teatro Broadway of Buenos Aires Province with <mask> <mask> leading the show, Belén Pouchán, Spanish dancer André Minkus replacing Flavio Mendoza, and Federico Molinari as the stars of the show along with more than 50 artists on stage. Stravaganza returned to the theater Luxor in Villa Carlos Paz on December 19, 2014 for the 2014-2015 summer theater season and was scheduled to act in Carlos Paz up to February 28, 2015.The show was then led by Florencia de la V, <mask> <mask>, Nicolás Scarpino, Christian Sancho, Belén Pouchán, Fernanda Mitilli and more than 50 other artists on stage. Señor <mask> is currently one of the star tango dancers of the classical Argentine tango show Señor Tango alongside its creator Fernando Soler and Uruguayan dancer, actress and model, Andrea Ghidone, since mid-2014. TV hosting
In 2012, <mask> was co-hosting as panelist on the resuming gossip show, La Previa Del Show, alongside lead host, Teto Medína. <mask> later returned to the cable with Medína to host a gossip show for 2013, El Chimentero 3.0. The next year she continued working as a panelist on the show. <mask> is currently on license from her job on the show since October 31 and may not return for 2015. Dance school
In a photoshoot interview for Ciudad.com, <mask> commented that she was "opening [a] dance school on March 15 in Castelar... [and] will give seminars and [has] another project but [she] will not say anything... "

Showmatch
<mask> has participated in two seasons of Bailando por un Sueño as an official contestant, and in two more as a replacement.She has also participated as an official contestant in El Musical de tus Sueños, an alternate version of Bailando. She did a replacement in 2007, in the first season of Patinando por un Sueño (the Argentine version of Skating with the Stars). She later participated in the second season as an official contestant. She also participated as a guest celebrity for a special trio round. Patinando por un Sueño 2007
<mask> replaced Natalia Fava during four rounds of the competition, skating with professional partner Gastón Passini. She also replaced Valeria Archimó in the thirteenth round, with professional partner Daniel Cejas. Patinando por un Sueño 2008
In 2008, and at the same time she was a contestant in Bailando por un Sueño 2008, Adabel participated in the second season of Patinando por un Sueño with professional figure skater Javier Anzil.She reached the top 8 (out of 19 contestants), later being eliminated a double elimination by receiving 27,58% of the public vote, losing to model Rocío Marengo and figure skater Andrés Ciacia, who received 54.40% of the votes. The other person eliminated was model and dancer Andrea Estévez, with 18.10% of the votes. Bailando por un Sueño 2008
In 2008, <mask> entered into the competition in the second round, replacing former porn star Ilona "Cicciolina" Staller, and danced with professional dance partner and model Joel Ledesma. <mask> was eliminated in the twenty-second round by receiving 43.60% of the vote, against the 57.40% obtained by Evangelina Anderson. <mask> got the opportunity to re-enter the competition in the twenty-fourth round, after dancing in a special edition and being picked by the judges. She was eliminated again in the thirty-second round, by receiving 14.20%, two rounds by the semi-final (sixth place). She was bested by Valeria Archimó, who reached the semi-finals (third place, tied with María Fernanda Callejón), yet she passed Mónica Farro by two rounds.El Musical de tus Sueños
In 2009, <mask> participated in El Musical de tus Sueños, an alternate Argentinian season of Bailando por un Sueño, as the replacement of Wanda Nara in the re-entry before the fourteenth round. <mask> was eliminated in 16th place with 46.37% of the public vote. Bailando 2010
In the sixth season of Bailando, she replaced Sofía Zámolo during the eighth round. Bailando 2011
<mask> participated in the seventh season of Bailando por un Sueño with professional dancer Martín Whitecamp. She reached the top 8 (out of 30 contestants), later being eliminated in the phone bin by receiving 41.28% of the public vote, losing to security guard Héctor "Tito" Speranza and professional dancer Nadia Hair. Bailando 2012
In the eight season, she replaced Valeria Archimó during the fifth round. From round 7, Valeria Archimó was permanently replaced by <mask> <mask> and amputee salsa dancer Reinaldo Ojeda.Yet in the 7th round she was replaced by actress-comedian Belén Francese because of some scheduling problems <mask> was having. As of round 10 there were only five judges, not six, as Antonio Gasalla quit. On October 30, <mask> and Ojeda were eliminated by receiving 40.12% of the public vote, losing to model Verónica Perdomo and dancer Pablo Juin. Saved by the public: Verónica Perdomo (59.88%)
 Eliminated: <mask> <mask> and Reinaldo Ojeda (40.12%)

Bailando 2014
On September 12 <mask> made a special participation on the ninth season of ShowMatchs Bailando por un Sueño as a third dance partner for dancer-choreographer Mora Godoy and dancer Marcos Ayala. Inspirations

When asked about her inspiration on dancing, <mask> responded:

"Julio Bocca, Maximiliano Guerra, Hernán Piquín... They are the highest in Argentina, each with their own style. Maxi, more manly, more land, and Julio and Piquín more princely, more aerial.There is no first or second, they are different from each other.They have broken their souls to get to where they are now." <mask> as her biggest inspiration as a vedette while she was also making a tribute to her:

"I am not at the height of Nélida, but I wish to be so one day. She is my inspiration and this is a tribute from my desire to ever achieve that excellence." Background and personal life
She is of Ukrainian (Rusyn), Spanish (Aragonese) and some Italian descent.After <mask> and her brother Emiliano Cid <mask> (born July 18, 1975) were born, her parents moved from La Plata to the United States. When <mask> was just two years old, they separated. Her father continued his life in the USA while she returned to Buenos Aires with her mother and brother Emiliano. Her brother later moved to Mar del Plata and left her and her mother alone. After a difficult illness, <mask>'s mother died three days before <mask>'s birthday, leaving her alone in Buenos Aires. In 2009 <mask>'s father died, which got her to see the world in a more spiritual way. <mask> has said that her mother taught her yoga and reading at age 13 years, and at age of 7 her mother took her to her first dance lessons because she was always playing street football.<mask> studied psychology as an alternative career future, which was never finalized. She has commented that she will finish her studies when possible. She confirmed on February 15, 2014 that she was finishing her studies in psychology. In 2011 her brother Emiliano started attacking her in the media, talking about her "very dark" past and saying that people didn't know the real <mask> <mask>. He has many medical conditions and has been in and out of prison and rehab. On 5 March 2014 <mask> expressed to Caras her desire to have a child, preferring a girl. She also commented about her hobbies and preferences, making a family and relaxing at home, decorating her house, staying by the pool and enjoying nature with her husband.As of 2018, <mask> was living in Buenos Aires, Argentina with spouse Martín Lamela, and was pregnant with her first child, which was due in the spring of 2018. She is the step-mother of Lamela's two sons. Public image

<mask> was voted as the best vedette of 2012, competing against 17 others like Jésica Cirio, Claudia Albertario, Andrea Ghidone, Mónica González de Listorti, Valeria Archimó and Mónica Farro, receiving 25.00% of the public vote (2,611 votes, out of a total of 10,393). She was again awarded as the best vedette for 2013, with 33.33% of the public vote (3,666 votes, out of a total of 11,000), competing against 12 other vedettes: Vanesa Carbone, Soledad Cescato, Cinthia Fernández, Rocío Guirao Díaz, Andrea Ghidone, Lorena Liggi, Celeste Muriega, Noelia Pompa, Andrea Rincón, Stefanía Xipolitakis and Victoria Xipolitakis. Awards

See also
 List of prima ballerinas
 List of glamour models

References

Sources

External links

 Official website
  El Trece's Showmatch website

1978 births
Living people
People from La Plata
Argentine people of Ukrainian descent
Argentine people of Spanish descent
Argentine people of Italian descent
Argentine people of Rusyn descent
Participants in Argentine reality television series
Argentine female dancers
Argentine choreographers
Dance teachers
Argentine ballerinas
Prima ballerinas
Dance musicians
Argentine erotic dancers
Argentine female models
21st-century Argentine actresses
Argentine stage actresses
21st-century Argentine women singers
Cabaret singers
English-language singers from Argentina
Burlesque performers
Argentine vedettes
Argentine musical theatre actresses
Argentine musical theatre female dancers
Argentine musical theatre women singers
Argentine theatrical dancer-actresses
21st-century Argentine

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<mask> (8 April 1899 – 15 July 1953), known to his family and friends as <mask>, was an English serial killer and alleged necrophile active during the 1940s and early 1950s. He murdered at least eight people—including his wife, Ethel—by strangling them in his flat at 10 Rillington Place, Notting Hill, London. The bodies of three of <mask>'s victims were found in a wallpaper-covered kitchen alcove soon after <mask> moved out of Rillington Place during March 1953. The remains of two more victims were discovered in the garden, and his wife's body was found beneath the floorboards of the front room. <mask> was arrested and convicted of his wife's murder, for which he was sentenced to death and subsequently executed. Two of <mask>'s victims were Beryl Evans and her baby daughter Geraldine, who, along with Beryl's husband, Timothy Evans, were tenants at 10 Rillington Place during 1948–49. This case sparked huge controversy after Evans was charged with both murders, found guilty of the murder of his daughter, and hanged in 1950.<mask> was a major prosecution witness; when his own crimes were discovered three years later, serious doubts were raised about the integrity of Evans's conviction. <mask> himself subsequently admitted killing Beryl, but not Geraldine; it is now generally accepted that <mask> murdered both Beryl and Geraldine and that police mishandling of the original inquiry allowed <mask> to escape detection and enabled him to murder four more women. The High Court quashed Evans's conviction in 2004, accepting that Evans did not murder either his wife or his child. Early life
<mask> was born in Northowram near Halifax in the West Riding of Yorkshire, the sixth in a family of seven children. He had a troubled relationship with his father, carpet designer <mask> <mask>, an austere and uncommunicative man who displayed little emotion towards his children and would punish them for trivial offences. <mask> was also alternately coddled and bullied by his mother and older sisters. During his later life, <mask>'s childhood peers described him as "a queer lad" who "kept himself to himself" and "was not very popular".On 24 March 1911, his grandfather David Halliday died aged 75 in <mask>'s house after a long illness. <mask> later said that seeing his grandfather's body laid out on a trestle table gave him a feeling of power and well-being; a man he had once feared was now only a corpse. At the age of 11, <mask> won a scholarship to Halifax Secondary School, where his favourite subject was mathematics, particularly algebra. He was also good at history and woodwork. It was later found that <mask> had an IQ of 128. He sang in the church choir and was a Boy Scout. <mask> also attended Boothtown Council School (also known as Boothtown Board School) in Northowram.After leaving school on 22 April 1913, he entered employment as an assistant projectionist. <mask>'s problem with impotence began in adolescence; his first attempts at sex were failures, and he was branded "Reggie-No-Dick" and "Can't-Do-It-Christie" throughout adolescence. His sexual difficulties were life-long; most of the time he could only perform with prostitutes. (A post-mortem report found that <mask>'s genitals were physically normal.) In September 1916, during the First World War, <mask> enlisted in the British Army; he was called up on 12 April 1917 to join the 52nd Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment to serve as an infantryman. In April 1918, the regiment was despatched to France, where <mask> was seconded to the Duke of Wellington's (West Riding) Regiment as a signalman. During the following June, he was injured in a mustard gas attack and spent a month in a military hospital in Calais.<mask> claimed this attack left him permanently unable to speak loudly. Later in life, he also claimed the attack had rendered him blind and mute for three and a half years. His period of muteness was, he claimed, the reason for his inability to talk much louder than a whisper for the rest of his life. Ludovic Kennedy wrote that no record of <mask>'s blindness has been traced and that, while he may have lost his voice when he was admitted to hospital, he would not have been discharged as fit for duty had he remained a mute. His inability to talk loudly, Kennedy argued, was a psychological reaction to the gassing rather than a lasting toxic effect of the gas. The reaction, and <mask>'s exaggeration of the effects of the attack, stemmed from an underlying personality disorder that caused him to exaggerate or feign illness as a ploy to get attention and sympathy. <mask> was demobilised from the army on 22 October 1919.He joined the Royal Air Force on 13 December 1923, but was discharged on 15 August 1924. Marriage
<mask> married Ethel Simpson, also from Halifax, at the town's Register Office on 10 May 1920. His impotence remained, and he continued to visit prostitutes. Early in the marriage, Ethel suffered a miscarriage. They separated after four years of marriage. Ethel worked at the "Garside Engineering Co" on Ironbridge Road in Bradford, and later worked at the "English Electrical Co" on Thornton Road in Bradford until 1928. That year, Ethel and her siblings moved from Halifax and Bradford to Sheffield.In 1923, <mask> moved to London; he spent the next decade in and out of prison, while Ethel remained in Halifax, Bradford, and Sheffield with her relatives. He was released from prison in January 1934, when the couple reunited and moved to Rillington Place. Early criminal activity
During the first decade of his marriage to Ethel, <mask> was convicted of several criminal offences. He began working as a postman on 10 January 1921 in Halifax, and his first conviction was for stealing postal orders on 20 February and 26 March, for which he received three months' imprisonment on 12 April 1921. He served his sentence in HM Prison Manchester and was released on 27 June. <mask> was then convicted on 15 January 1923 of obtaining money on false pretences and of violent conduct, for which, respectively, he was bound over and placed on probation for 12 months. He committed two further crimes of larceny during 1924, and received consecutive sentences of three and six months' imprisonment on 22 September 1924 in HM Prison Wandsworth.On 13 May 1929, after working for over two years as a lorry driver, <mask> was convicted of assaulting Maud Cole, with whom he was living at  6 Almeric Road in Battersea, and was sentenced to six months' hard labour; He had hit Cole over the head with a cricket bat, which the magistrate described as a "murderous attack" for which he was again sent to HM Prison Wandsworth. Finally, <mask> was convicted of stealing a car and was re-imprisoned in HM Prison Wandsworth for three months on 1 November 1933. <mask> and Ethel were reconciled in 1934 after he was released from prison, but continued to visit prostitutes. He ended his recourse to petty crime. In 1937, <mask> and his wife moved into the top-floor flat of 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill, then a rather run-down area of London. They moved into the ground-floor flat in December 1938. The house was a three-storey brick end-terrace, built in the 1870s during a period of intensive speculative building in the area  resulting in much jerry-built property which declined into poorly-maintained and unimproved multi-occupancy rentals.Number 10 was of a common design: the ground and first floors each contained a bedroom and living room, with a kitchen/scullery in the adjacent extension but the second-floor flat had two rooms only: a kitchen/living room and a bedroom. Living conditions were "squalid"—the building's occupants shared one outside lavatory, and none of the flats had a bathroom. The street was close to an above-ground section of the Metropolitan line (now the Hammersmith & City and Circle lines), and the train noise would have been "deafening" for the occupants of 10 Rillington Place. After three years of working as a foreman at the Commodore Cinema in King Street, Hammersmith, at the beginning of the Second World War <mask> applied to join the War Reserve Police and was accepted; the authorities failed to check for the existence of a criminal record. He was assigned to the Harrow Road police station, where he met a woman called Gladys Jones with whom he began an affair. Their relationship lasted until mid-1943, when the woman's husband, a serving soldier, returned from the war. After learning of the affair, he went to the house where his wife was living, discovered <mask> there, and assaulted him.Murders
<mask> committed his murders over a 10-year period between 1943 and 1953, usually by strangling his victims after he had rendered them unconscious with domestic gas; some he raped as they lay unconscious. First murders
The first person <mask> admitted to killing was Ruth Fuerst, a 21-year-old Austrian munitions worker who supplemented her income by occasionally engaging in prostitution. <mask> claimed to have met Fuerst while she was soliciting clients in a snack bar in Ladbroke Grove. According to his own statements, on 24 August 1943, he invited Fuerst to his home to engage in sex (his wife was visiting relatives at the time). Afterward, <mask> impulsively strangled her on his bed with a length of rope. He initially stowed Fuerst's body beneath the floorboards of his living room, then buried it in the back garden the following evening. Soon after the murder, at the end of 1943, <mask> resigned as a special police constable.The following year he found new employment as a clerk at an Acton radio factory. There he met his second victim, colleague Muriel Amelia Eady. On 7 October 1944, he invited Eady back to his flat with the promise that he had concocted a "special mixture" that could cure her bronchitis. Eady was to inhale the mixture from a jar with a tube inserted in the top. The mixture in fact was Friar's Balsam, which <mask> used to disguise the smell of domestic gas. Once Eady was seated breathing the mixture from the tube with her back turned, <mask> inserted a second tube into the jar connected to a gas tap. As Eady continued breathing she inhaled the domestic gas, which soon rendered her unconscious—domestic gas during the 1940s was coal gas, which had a carbon monoxide content of 15%.<mask> raped and strangled her before burying her alongside Fuerst. Murders of Beryl and Geraldine Evans
During Easter of 1948, Timothy Evans and his wife Beryl moved into the top-floor flat at Rillington Place, where Beryl gave birth that October to their daughter, Geraldine. In late 1949, Evans informed police that his wife was dead. A police search of 10 Rillington Place failed to find her body, but a later search revealed the bodies of Beryl, Geraldine, and a 16-week male foetus in an outdoor wash-house. Beryl's body had been wrapped twice, in a blanket and then a table cloth. The post-mortem revealed that both mother and daughter had been strangled and that Beryl had been physically assaulted before her death, shown by facial bruising. Evans at first claimed that <mask> had killed his wife in a botched abortion operation, but police questioning eventually produced a confession.The alleged confession may have been fabricated by the police, as the statement appears contrived and artificial. After being charged, Evans withdrew his confession and once again accused <mask>, this time of both murders. On 11 January 1950, Evans was put on trial for the murder of his daughter, the prosecution having decided not to pursue a second charge of murdering his wife. <mask> was a principal witness for the Crown: he denied Evans's accusations and gave detailed evidence about the quarrels between him and his wife. The jury found Evans guilty despite the revelation of <mask>'s criminal record of theft and violence. Evans was originally due to be hanged on 31 January, but appealed. After his appeal on 20 February had failed, Evans was hanged at HM Prison Pentonville on 9 March 1950.<mask> had started work at the Post Office Savings Bank on 21 May 1946 as a Grade 2 Clerk and worked at Kew. He was sacked when his past criminal record came to light, leaving on 4 April 1950.Oates p.93

Mistakes in the investigation
The police made several mistakes in their handling of the case, especially in overlooking the remains of <mask>'s previous murder victims in the garden at Rillington Place; one femur was later found propping up a fence. The garden of the property was very small, about , and the fence was parallel to the wash-house where the bodies of Beryl and Geraldine were later found. Several searches were made at the house after Evans confessed to placing his wife's remains in the drains, but the three policemen conducting the search did not go into the wash-house. The garden was apparently examined but was not excavated at this point. <mask> later admitted that his dog had unearthed Eady's skull in the garden shortly after these police searches; he threw the skull into an abandoned bombed-out house in nearby St. Marks Road. There was clearly no systematic search made of the crime scene, in which this or other human remains would have been found and pointed to <mask> as the perpetrator.Several police searches of the property showed a complete lack of expertise in handling forensic evidence and were quite superficial at best. Had the searches been conducted effectively, the investigation would have exposed <mask> as a murderer, and the lives of Evans and four women would have been saved. The evidence of builders working at the house was ignored, and their various interviews with Evans suggest that the police concocted a false confession. It should have been clear, for example, from the very first statement made by Evans in Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, on 30 November 1949, that he was totally unaware of the resting place of the body of his wife or how she had been killed. He claimed that his wife's body was in either a manhole or a drain at the front of the house, but a police search failed to find any remains there. That should have prompted a thorough search of the house, wash-house and garden, but no further action was taken until later, when the two bodies were found in the wash-house. Evans was also totally unaware at his first interview that his daughter had been killed.The police interrogation in London was mishandled from the start, when they showed him the clothes of his wife and baby and revealed that they had been found in the wash-house. Such information should have been kept from him so as to force him to tell police where the bodies had been concealed. The several apparent "confessions" contain questionable words and phrases in high-register language such as "terrific argument" which seem out of place for a distressed, uneducated, working-class young man such as Evans and bear no relation to what he probably said. These were almost certainly inventions made much later by the police, according to comments made by Ludovic Kennedy long after the truth about <mask> had emerged. The police accepted all of <mask>'s statements as factual without major scrutiny, and he was the crucial witness at the trial of Evans. As Kennedy wrote, the police accepted the former war reserve policeman <mask> as one of their own, and largely took what he said on face value without any further investigation. Bearing in mind <mask> had criminal convictions for theft and malicious wounding (while Evans did not have any previous convictions for violence), the reliance on his testimony was questionable.It is significant that <mask> had claimed to be an abortionist prior to his meeting the Evanses, having said so to a colleague in 1947. He also repeated this claim after the Evans trial to women he spoke to in cafés, whom he possibly regarded as future potential victims. Such an approach aligns with <mask>'s modus operandi of offering help to women so as to gain their confidence and lure them back to his flat, as demonstrated in Eady's case. Nearly three years passed without major incident for <mask> after Evans's trial. He soon found alternative employment as a clerk with the British Road Services at their Shepherd's Bush depot starting work there on 12 June 1950.Oates, p. 93 At the same time, new tenants arrived to fill the vacant first- and second-floor rooms at 10 Rillington Place. The tenants were predominantly black immigrants from the West Indies; this

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