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<mask> (31 August 1915 - 19 March 1990) was the Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau between November 1971 to August 1975. His tenure was during one of the most turbulent political periods of modern India. He served under then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Early life

Born in Colombo to Dr. T.<mask> (1881-1940), young <mask> had a privileged upbringing. Dr. <mask> was one of the few licensed medical practitioners of the time and was fairly wealthy, however he began life from a poor family. He was married at the end of the 19th century, and his wife died shortly after giving birth to a daughter. His subsequent marriage in 1912-1913 brought him two sons and a daughter, <mask> being the younger of the two brothers.<mask>'s younger sister and mother died before the age of five. <mask> and his brother Dayaram were educated at some of Ceylon's (Sri Lanka) most well known institutions. <mask> <mask> studied at Trinity College, Kandy, graduating in 1932. He pursued a degree in science at the Ceylon University College and graduated in 1935. Upon finishing his academics, he received admission into the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge studying physics in 1936. During his three-year Tripos, he attended Pembroke College. He studied under Lord Ernest Rutherford, the Nobel Prize Laureate who had gained acclaim for the discovery of the atomic nucleus.After graduating in 1939, he returned to Colombo. Career

Indian Police Service
After returning to Sri Lanka, <mask> attempted the civil services exam, however due to his Indian origins, was not allowed to work for the civil service. Following this, he joined the Imperial Police in India, then under British rule. His first posting was in Tenali in the Madras Presidency, now Andhra Pradesh, in 1940. Over the next few years he was posted throughout the presidency before being called to join the Intelligence Bureau in 1948 under Sir N.P. Smith and T.G. Sanjeevi Pillai.Pillai was to become the first Indian to head the Intelligence Bureau. Intelligence Bureau
<mask> served with the IB during the 1950s and early 1960s. He was posted in Cairo and Beijing and was known to be on an acquaintance of Kim Philby, one of the members of the infamous Cambridge Five. In Cairo, journalist David Holden often called on him and his wife. In 1962, he returned to India to work at headquarters. He worked in the IB as an assistant director till 1968. In 1968, <mask> was appointed Inspector General of Andhra Pradesh, the official head of police in the state.He served till 1971 when Indira Gandhi on the recommendation of RAW Chief R. N. Kao was made the Director of the Intelligence Bureau. Director of the Intelligence Bureau

Soon after becoming director, the 1971 War broke out. RAW and the IB had to work together. Kao and <mask> were extremely close friends, and both ensured that their respective agencies worked together during the course of the Bangladeshi liberation. <mask> served as the director during the breakout of the Indian Emergency but retired on 31 August 1975 after his 60th birthday. Director General of Punjab, S.N. Mathur took over as director.Emergency
On 12 June 1975, Justice Jagmohanlal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court found the Prime Minister guilty on the charge of misuse of government machinery for her election campaign. Protests led by J.P.Narayan, Raj Narain, Satyendra Narayan Sinha and Morarji Desai flooded the streets of Delhi close to the Parliament building and the Prime Minister's residence. According to the first interim report of the Shah Commission on 11 March 1978, no reports were filed by the Intelligence Bureau between 12 and 18 June, suggesting a state of emergency. Chapter 5.28 of the report says that on 18 June a top secret note between Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and the Director of Intelligence, which suggest constant surveillance of the Congress' political opponents. On the evening of 25 June 1975 Mrs. Gandhi wrote to President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed recommending a proclamation of emergency. The letter was made public under chapter 5.52 of the Shah Commission report. Chapters 5.57, 5.58 and 5.59 of the report say that <mask>, S.L.Khurana(Home Secretary) and H.R. Gokhale(Minister for Law and Justice) learnt of the Emergency only on the morning of June 26. Chapter 5.60(g) states that"While the Director of Intelligence, the Home Secretary, Cabinet Secretary(B.D. Pande) and the secretary to the Prime Minister(Parmeshwar Narayan Haksar) had not been taken into confidence, Shri R.K. Dhawan, the then additional private secretary to the Prime Minister had been associated with the preparation and promulgation of the emergency from the early stage". This statement suggested that the four officials, including <mask> had possibly opposed Mrs. Gandhi's decision to impose emergency. Due to this opposition, it is possible that Mrs. Gandhi asked <mask> to resign after being given a one-year extension earlier that month. Facts are currently unknown, but it is likely that Mrs. Gandhi would have preferred to have the police force on her side during the Emergency.Anecdotes
A.S Dulat, former director of RAW called him “A gentleman’s gentleman”. Like Kao, <mask> was known to have an extremely sharp mind and was considered a no nonsense intelligence chief. Dulat commented that during an intelligence meeting, an officer had made a mistake. <mask> addressed everybody with a quick remark, “Gentleman, a cat has nine lives, an intelligence officer has one,” reiterating the fact that the IB could not afford to make mistakes. Surendra Pathania, former Director General of Maharashtra, commented that <mask> had a great sense of style. Pathania, a junior officer at the time, called on <mask> at 9, Tuglak Road(the Director's official residence) and was surprised to see him in dark pink trousers. "He was effortlessly stylish and junior officers like us were always welcome at 9, Tuglak Road."See also
Bangladesh Liberation WarEmergencyIntelligence Bureau

References

Directors of Intelligence Bureau (India)
1990 deaths
1915 births
Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge
Alumni of Trinity College, Kandy
Cavendish Laboratory
Sri Lankan people of Indian descent

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Atma Jayaram
Katakam Jayaram
Atma
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<mask> (February 18, 1922 – March 1, 1994) was an American professional baseball player. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1948 through 1954 with the Cleveland Indians, Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Athletics, and the Washington Senators. In 417 career games, <mask> recorded a batting average of .236 and accumulated 29 home runs, and 125 runs batted in (RBI). Born and raised in Georgia, <mask> played amateur baseball until the Cleveland Indians signed him. He spent two years in the minor leagues before serving in World War II. He played two more years in the minor leagues upon his return, then made his MLB debut with the Indians in 1948. The Indians traded him to the White Sox in 1949, then the White Sox sent him to the Philadelphia Athletics in 1950.<mask> spent two and a half years with the Athletics before returning to Cleveland. After spending a season with the Washington Senators, he played and managed in the minor leagues for a few seasons before being banned from the minor leagues. After the ban, he moved to Birmingham, Alabama where he died in 1994. Early life and career
<mask> was born and raised in McCaysville, Georgia as the fifth of seven children. His birthplace was on the Tennessee border, so it was originally registered as Copperhill, Tennessee. <mask> attended Epworth High School and Copperhill High School in Tennessee, where he played on the high school basketball and football teams. He moved to Shannon, Georgia at the age of 16 in order to pursue a career in baseball.<mask> began his playing career in the Textile League with Brighton Mills in Shannon in 1938, and spent the next three years with the Talladega team. While with Talladega, he was spotted by a scout from the Cleveland Indians organization, who signed <mask> to a professional contract. After being signed by the Indians, <mask> made his professional debut with the Appleton Papermakers of the Wisconsin State League, where he had a .298 batting average and 11 home runs in 59 games. He spent most of the year there, and played in ten games with the Flint Arrows of the Michigan State League. In 1942, <mask> was promoted to the Charleston Senators, the Indians' Class C minor league affiliate. In one of his first games with the Senators, <mask> hit two triples and a home run to give his team the win by a score of seven to four. In 81 games with the team, Tipton had a .313 batting average.Military service
Before the 1943 season began, <mask> joined the military to serve in World War II. He served in the United States Navy and was part of the Pacific Theater of Operations from 1943 to 1945. During his time in the Pacific, he served on the . The ship was hit by kamikaze attack in January 1945; <mask> emerged unscathed from the attack. After the end of the war, <mask> returned to baseball. He spent the 1946 season with the Harrisburg Senators, and had a .327 batting average in 104 games. In 1947, he was promoted to the Wilkes-Barre Barons of the Eastern League.That season, he had a .375 batting average, which led the league. The following season, <mask> joined the Cleveland Indians for spring training. By the end of March, he was considered a sure thing to make the major league roster. Major League career
The Cleveland Indians decided to keep only two catchers on the roster for the 1948 Cleveland Indians season, and manager Lou Boudreau chose <mask> to back up Jim Hegan. He made his major league debut on May 2, and a month later, in a game on June 6, he had five hits in five plate appearances to give Cleveland a win against the Philadelphia Athletics. <mask> played in 47 games over the course of the season and had a .289 batting average. He also played in one game during the 1948 World Series, striking out in his only appearance.After the World Series, Indians owner Bill Veeck wanted to improve the pitching staff. Despite finding <mask> to be worthy of a starting job and despite Veeck considering trading Hegan instead, <mask> was traded to the Chicago White Sox for <mask>. Early in the season, White Sox manager Jack Onslow accused <mask> of tipping pitches after a loss to the St. Louis Browns and fined him $500. The two then fought and <mask> threatened to leave the team, but they buried the hatchet a short time later. He played in 67 games during the season, and ended the year with a .204 batting average and three triples. On October 19, 1949, the White Sox traded <mask> to the Philadelphia Athletics for Nellie Fox. Fox played 14 years for the White Sox and went on to become a Hall of Famer, and as a result the trade is considered one of the most lopsided in baseball history.During spring training for the Athletics, <mask> battled Mike Guerra and <mask> for the starting job at catcher. All three ended up splitting time over the course of the season. <mask> finished the year hitting .266 with six home runs and 20 RBIs in 64 games. Jimmy Dykes took over as Athletics' manager in 1951, and had high hopes for <mask> heading into the season, saying that he "is a lot better catcher than most people think." In May, <mask> was hit in the head by a stray baseball bat during a game, and spent some time in the hospital as a result. He split time with Astroth and Ray Murray during the season, but appeared in a career-best 72 games, hitting .239 with 51 walks. After the season ended, <mask> was part of Lefty O'Doul's American baseball team that toured Japan.To start the 1952 season, <mask> was rumored to be the subject of a trade involving the Boston Red Sox and two of their players, but the deal never materialized. <mask> missed part of May with a kidney infection, and struggled upon returning, hitting .191 in 23 games. In late June, he was waived by the Athletics and picked up by the Indians. He spent the rest of the year with them, and finished with nine home runs, 30 RBIs, and a .225 average in 66 games. <mask> remained the backup catcher to Hegan during the 1953 season. He battled a myriad of injuries throughout the season, including a bruised hand, a broken thumb, a split finger, and losing a fingernail. He finished the year with a .229 batting average in 47 games.On January 20, 1954, <mask> was traded to the Washington Senators for Mickey Grasso in an exchange of catchers. Manager Bucky Harris traded for <mask> in hopes that he would compete for the starting job due to his defense. <mask> served as the backup catcher to Ed Fitz Gerald in 1954. He made his last MLB appearance on September 26, and in 54 games he had a .223 average. Later life
The New York Giants purchased the contracts of <mask> and Wayne Terwilliger on January 14, 1955, who sent them to the minor league Minneapolis Millers. While Terwilliger played for the Millers that year, <mask> had planned to retire from baseball, and never played a game for Minneapolis. Later that year, White Sox general manager Frank Lane wanted him to join the Memphis Chickasaws so that the young pitchers in the minor leagues could work with a veteran catcher; <mask> obliged and joined the team for the 1955 season.In 60 games for the Chickasaws that season, <mask> had a .277 batting average and seven home runs. After playing in the 60 games, <mask> was suspended after an argument with Chickasaws manager Jack Cassini, and after the season ended he retired from the game to work at his service station. He returned to baseball in 1957 and spent a season with the Birmingham Barons, and partway through the 1958 season, he joined the Panama City Fliers as manager. He was fired a month later, and in protest the Fliers refused to play their next game. <mask> retired afterwards, and a year later was banned for life from the minor leagues after it came to light that he accepted payouts by acting as a liaison for Jesse Levan, who was intentionally fouling off balls in order for gamblers in the stands to take advantage of them. His baseball career over, <mask> moved to Birmingham, Alabama with his wife and three children, where he ran automobile dealership. He was named to the Fannin County Sports Hall of Fame in 2013.In 1994, <mask> died in Birmingham at the age of 72. References

External links

<mask> at Baseball Library

1922 births
1994 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Baseball players from Georgia (U.S. state)
Chicago White Sox players
Cleveland Indians players
Major League Baseball catchers
Memphis Chickasaws players
People from Fannin County, Georgia
Philadelphia Athletics players
Washington Senators (1901–1960) players
Wilkes-Barre Barons (baseball) players

masks:
Joe Hicks Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
Tipton
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Tipton
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Tipton
Joe Haynes
Tipton
Tipton
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Joe Astroth
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<mask> (1797–1869) was an English Unitarian Minister. Background
The eldest son of <mask> (1765–1831) by his wife Elizabeth (1774–1847), daughter of <mask> of Walthamstow, he was born at 12, Church Row, Newington Butts, in Surrey, on 15 August 1797. His father, was Unitarian minister successively at Walthamstow, Southwark, and Nottingham; and made him a Latinist. <mask>'s father, following the death of his father, <mask> (†1784), himself a non-conformist minister, was adopted by Andrew Kippis (1725–1795), editor of the Biographia Britannica (1778) who assumed the role of guardian and tutor and helped him about 1788 enter New College at Hackney (where, Kippis was appointed one of the tutors, together with Richard Price, Joseph Priestley, and Gilbert Wakefield). <mask> wrote in his obituary of his father, that "domestic occurrences" had prevented him from completing his course at Hackney and he continued his studies in private, under the direction of Dr. Kippis. "At the recommendation of Kippis he officiated at Nottingham, as a supply, for several months, in 1793 or 1794; after which he preached for some time at Walthamstow, where in 1795, he married Elizabeth, daughter of Mr. <mask>enning, of that place. In the beginning of 1797, he succeeded the Rev.Thomas Jervis, as sole minister of St. Thomas's Meeting-house, Southwark." At Hackney his classical tutor was Gilbert Wakefield (1756–1801), and <mask> attributed his father's "exact and solid knowledge" of the Greek and Latin languages to Wakefield's influence. <mask>'s father also "took a lively interest in the discoveries of natural philosophy; and works on chemistry and physiology". In 1802 his father moved to Nottingham as one of the Ministers of the High Pavement Chapel a post he held until 1831. In the spring of 1808 his father started a school situated in his own home. <mask> refers to "the expenses of a large and increasing family" as the main reason for doing so- <mask> had two brothers, Andrew and William and three sisters Emily, Elizabeth and Clara. It was this first schooling that had a profound effect on him, and it was his father's pronounced "philological habits" that "led to a scrupulous and anxious habit of mind in matters of minute accuracy" that made a deep and lasting impression on the young <mask> who was closely taught by his father.Education
Manchester College, York

In September 1814 he entered Manchester College, York, then under the triumvirate of Charles Wellbeloved (1769–1858) the principal, William Turner (1788–1853) tutor in mathematics and philosophy and <mask> (1788–1877) tutor in classics and history. After his father, probably the greatest influence on the young <mask> was Kenrick. His father, at first sceptical of Manchester College, took a very keen interest and closely watched his education at York, personally negotiating with Kenrick about the structure of some of his sons lessons. By March 1816, he was already aware of the plans his father had made for him to study at the University of Glasgow, "It is now determined that my father—intends me to spend my next session at Glasgow, before I enter in my third year here." University of Glasgow

From November 1816 at Glasgow University it was a further triumvirate of teachers, George Jardine (1742–1827) professor of logic, <mask> (1750?–1820), professor of Greek, the so-called 'Pseudo-<mask>', and the philosopher <mask>e (1757–1839) who influenced him. His correspondence at this time with his childhood friend, the Persian scholar Samuel Robinson (1794–1894), who would later translate Friedrich Schiller's Wilhelm Tell (1824), reveal details of the lectures. Following his graduation as B.A.at Glasgow he returned to Manchester College, York, and as early as November 1818 he was made aware of <mask>'s “wish to spend a complete year abroad at some German university”

Career
Classical Tutor at Manchester College, York

He was appointed classical tutor at York (1819–1820) as Kenrick's substitute. During this time he was "thinking of becoming a physician as well as a dissenting minister” receiving an undisclosed offer from his friend the economist and antiquary, Robert Hyde Greg (1795–1875). Later that year he visited Edinburgh (where it appears he met Thomas Southwood Smith (1788–1861) the Unitarian minister who had also studied medicine, and graduated MD in 1816. By August 1820 whilst visiting George William Wood (1781–1843) at Platt, near Manchester, the questioning of combining the two subjects had moved on to a simple choice between the two. Dr.Peter Mark Roget, the physician and lexicographer, and Dr.William Henry, both advised <mask> against the choice of medicine. Mosley Street Unitarian Chapel, Manchester 1821

The position at Mosley Street Unitarian chapel, Manchester was facilitated for him, and on 4 October 1820 <mask> became minister, in succession to William Hawkes (1759–1820), at Mosley Street Chapel, Manchester, where he was ordained on 20 April 1821. It was not a difficult choice moving to Manchester (lodging at first as a guest at <mask> Robberds' (1789–1854) home).Manchester was a place, he wrote "where the Dissenters enjoy a degree of weight and respectability above any other part of the kingdom, and where some of them are men most distinguished for science and literature, and who consequently would form most valuable associates for a young man eager for intellectual improvement." It was upon Mosley Street Chapel's sixty-eight pews, that the elite of Manchester's commercial and industrial middle class sat listening to him. He was elected a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society on 26 January 1821. Later that year he met Thomas Belsham (1750–1829) in August 1821. He also took private lessons in Classics, History, belles Lettres, at No. 7, Dickenson-Street, to supplement his income. In April 1822, <mask> began a series of lectures at the rooms of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, George-Street, entitled On the Rise and Progress of our National Poetry.With Wordsworth in the Lake District
In July 1826 July <mask> met William Wordsworth in the Lake District (Ambleside, Rydal). In July 1830 he wrote to his wife "I am solacing myself with Wordsworth. Do you know I shall become a thorough convert to him. Much of his poetry is delicious, and I perfectly adore his philosophy. To me he seems the purest, the most elevated and the most Christian of poets. I delight in his deep and tender piety, and his spirit of exquisite sympathy with whatever is lovely and grand in the breathing universe around us." In September 1827 <mask> contemplated applying as a candidate for the professorship of the English language and literature in the newly founded London University (University College London) that would acquire the nickname 'The Godless Institution of Gower Street'.The 'apologist of infidelity'
<mask> delivered a radical sermon "On Communion with Unbelievers" on March 30, 1828 that acquired some notoriety, The Manchester Chronicle (5 April) branded him an "apologist of infidelity" and the clerical establishment in the pages of The Congregational Magazine described him as the "arch-fiend", who in proposing to welcome Free-thinkers into his church had revealed "the hideous and malignant features of the apostate spirit". At the beginning of May 1831, the tragic news of the loss of his brother Andrew at sea, en route to Calcutta, hastily brought on his father's death some weeks later on 15 May. At the time of his father's funeral (at which <mask>, a fellow student from New College, Hackney, gave a sermon), <mask> was also approached to become the minister of the New Meeting Congregation at Birmingham, a position which he turned down. <mask>'s name repeatedly appears in the Intelligence sections of Unitarian periodicals and for nearly thirty years he was actively involved in innumerable social and reform activities in Manchester and regularly attended meetings. The Manchester Ministry to the Poor; Manchester District Sunday-School Association; The Lancashire and Cheshire Presbyterian Association and the British and Foreign Unitarian Association (BFUA), founded in 1825. He was a member of the Manchester Athenaeum, and he was also closely involved with the Royal Manchester Institution. In February 1846 he submitted a plan for "rationalizing and organizing the lecture programme" at the Royal Manchester Institution which the RMI Council approved of and instituted the following year.He was a member of the Chetham Society and regularly used its library and he was a member of the Philological Society. He was a member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He sustained his ministry in Manchester for 33 years, moving his congregation (1 September 1839) to Upper Brook Street Chapel, a magnificent building designed by Sir Charles Barry, and the first specimen of Gothic architecture built for Unitarians. <mask> had begun to study German at Manchester College, York as early as 1815, he was probably encouraged by Kenrick who later actually taught German at York. By February 1823 there is confirmation of his competence in German in a letter to his uncle <mask>: "I have so far mastered German, as to be able to read the language with pleasure, and can use my knowledge of it profitably in referring to difficult books, connected with my other studies". In 1830 he published two articles on the German philosopher and theologian Johann Gottfried Herder(1744–1803) in the Monthly Repository Some Account of the Life and Writings of Herder, two years later he published four articles entitled Herder's Thoughts on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind. In these articles, <mask> had translated passages from almost all of the twenty books of Herder's major work the Ideen zur Philosophie der Geschichte der Menschheit, blissfully unaware of Thomas Otton Churchill's earlier translation from 1800.His study and knowledge of Herder's works, following Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834), William Taylor of Norwich (1765–1836), Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859) and his close personal friend Henry Crabb Robinson (1775–1867), was probably the most wide-ranging in England of the nineteenth century. He is one of Herder's most important and neglected English interpreters of the 19th century. Travel and Study in Germany 1834-35
In 1834–35 <mask> spent a year in Germany travelling together with his family, studying at first at the University of Göttingen, here <mask> met the two leading intellectual figures in the theological faculty: Gottfried Christian Friedrich Lücke (1791–1855) and Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler (1792–1854). He regularly attended Lücke's seminars "four afternoons in the week on the Kritik and Hermeneutik of the New Testament" as well as a lecture of Gieseler's on Ecclesiastical History every morning, except Sundays." He also attended the lectures and seminars of Heinrich Ewald (1803–1875). "At two I go to another lecture, on the Archaeology of the Old Testament and the History of the Jews by Professor Ewald. I am exceedingly pleased with Ewald and his lectures.—he was a favourite pupil of the late Eichhorn's, whose department he now fills..." At Göttingen he also went to the early morning lectures of Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752–1840) and spoke highly of his daughter who "has been very kind in her attentions to us."Georg Friedrich Benecke (1762–1844)- who had taught Coleridge German when he was at Göttingen (September 1798- July 1799)- introduced <mask> to Karl Otfried Müller (1797–1840) professor of ancient literature. <mask> heard him lecture on Greek antiquities in the morning followed by his lectures on Pindar. Afterwards, <mask> often walked with his wife, sister and the children at midday when they all had dinner"

Early 1835 he studied at the University of Bonn, where he and his family lodged at the house of the historian and philosopher Christian August Brandis (1790–1867), who had been the close friend of Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768–1834) and Barthold Georg Niebuhr(1776–1831). He attended his lectures on Greek philosophy. He met Georg Benjamin Mendelssohn (1794–1874), the grandson of Moses Mendelssohn, a Privatdozent who was lecturing on ancient and modern geography. At Bonn he attended lectures on early Roman history by August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), seminars presided over by the theologian Karl Immanuel Nitzsch (1787–1868); also courses given by Friedrich Gottlieb Welcker (1784–1868), the German philologist, archaeologist and librarian- who at this time was giving a course on the interpretation of paintings and bas-reliefs, "illustrative of the Epic cyclus of ancient fable." He heard Johann Christian Wilhelm Augusti (1771–1841) known for his 'Der kleine Koran' (1798) and who together with Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette had published a new translation of the Old Testament (1809), as well as Johann Martin Augustin Scholz (1794–1852), professor of theology in the Catholic faculty, who was preparing a new edition of the Greek Testament."To most of these excellent men," at Bonn, <mask> wrote afterwards, he was indebted "for the kind attentions and many hours of valuable instruction...". He met many leading theologians, philosophers and historians and he wrote a series of letters addressed to his Mosley-street congregation in Manchester about his on-going studies and travels. On his return he published in the Unitarian The Christian Teacher in six parts, his Retrospect of a Twelvemonth Passed in Germany (1836). Their lively anecdotal form coupled with profound insights into "the German mind", enthused other Unitarians-including many of his students- to follow the same route to Germany. "Trinitarianism" he wrote, "so far at least as the distinct personality of the Holy Spirit is concerned, is very generally given up by the most learned divines in Germany":

Manchester College and return to Manchester 1840
In 1840 Manchester College was moved from York back to Manchester (its place of origin), under the name of Manchester New College, and <mask> became professor of ecclesiastical history. He held also a theological professorship from 1852. At a Meeting of the Trustees (25 May 1853) he was asked to accept the offices of Principal and Professor of Ecclesiastical History.Manchester New College transferred to London in connexion with University College at University Hall, and was thus affiliated to the University of London for the next 13 years. <mask> had hoped for an arrangement ”which would enable me to reside permanently in Manchester, and yet preserve my connection with the College as a Lecturer, for a term every session; and more than one overture have I made to that effect.” But this did not transpire, <mask> and his family moved to London and lived at 22, Woburn Square, for the next seven years, within easy reach of the College in Gordon Square. He delivered his inaugural address at University Hall, London, on Friday 14 October. ; from 1857 he ran the whole of the theological department, apart from religious philosophy and Hebrew. Probably influenced by his friend and colleague Francis William Newman (1805–1897), <mask>'s engagement for abolitionist and nationalist causes was considerable. In June 1850 he had given a "Speech on the Question of American Slavery" at Altrincham, in Cheshire, later

masks:
John James Tayler
James Tayler
John Vning
Tayler
Richard Tayler
Tayler
John V
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Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
John Kenrick
Tayler
John Young
Johnson
James Myln
John Kenrick
Tayler
Tayler
John Gooch
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John Kentish
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Richard Tayler
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 that year in November 1850 <mask> set up an 'Hungarian Fund' and shows himself politically engaged for Magyar exiles resident in Manchester. The secretary of Lajos Kossuth(1802–1894) had asked <mask> to "get up a Memorial" for the deliverance of Kossuth and his companions from their confinement in Turkey.<mask> writes: “Our Hungarian friends are dispirited; Kossuth and his companions are dying by inches of hardship.” By February 1851 <mask>'s Hungarian memorial with some 800 names was eventually presented to Lord Palmerston by Thomas Milner-Gibson (1806–1884), the latter who “was cold and cautious, and not very encouraging”  In July <mask> was on the platform at  a public meeting held in the Town Hall, Manchester on the captivity of Kossuth, and gave an impassioned speech. Indeed, <mask> understood the nationalist struggles of Kossuth and the Italian Giuseppe Mazzini(1805–1872) and their writings as "the earnest and impassioned eloquence of the most energetic assertors of freedom and progress" – here was also the presence of a religious element, not "the work and conventional phraseology of a church or sect, but deep and thrilling undertones...caught from the inspiration of prophets and apostles of an older day" Kossuth and Mazzini were "breathing the living spirit of Christ". This was inescapably a form of political theology that wholeheartedly embraced nationalism. And when <mask> claimed that Kossuth and Mazzini were currently: “promoting the moral and spiritual advancement of the human race”, it was too much for other Unitarians, the Rev. B. Mardon at a meeting of the Trustees objected strongly to <mask>'s politicisation of his lectures. On 27 April 1855 he delivered a lecture addressed to the Secularists at the Literary Institution, John Street, Fitzroy Square, London, obtaining praise from George Holyoake (1817–1906)

From 1853 <mask> was a trustee of Dr. Williams's foundations. In October 1854–55 <mask> taught a course in Moral Philosophy at Bedford-square Ladies' College, London, founded in 1849 by Elizabeth Jesser Reid (1789–1866) who Tayler had known since 1838.Further Travel and Study in Germany 1856-62
In 1856 <mask> visited Heidelberg in Germany where he met amongst others, Baron Christian Charles Josias von Bunsen, the historian Friedrich Christoph Schlosser and the theologian David Friedrich Strauss(1808–1874), the author of Das Leben Jesu, a work that <mask> wrote "which shook the whole Theological World like an earthquake, though it was only an explosion of elements that had long been fermenting under Hegelian influence in the school of Tübingen, and might therefore have been predicted." He documented a further historical account of the transformation of theology in Germany in three articles Letters on Religion in Germany. Written from Heidelberg (1856). Once again in Germany in the summer of July–August 1857 he spent part of his holidays at Düsternbrook, Kiel, and visited the university where he met the philologist Georg Curtius (1820–1885), the classical geographer Peter Wilhelm Forchhammer (1801–1894) who presented <mask> with a monograph of his on Achilles; Madame Dorothea Hensler (née Behrens) the friend of Niebuhr― she was the sister of his first wife―  as well as the theologian Dr. Carl Peter Matthias Lüdermann. He praised the university library pursuing his studies very diligently working "every morning till dinner". In 1858 he attended the 300th anniversary celebration of the founding of the University of Jena. In 1862, accompanied by his daughter Hannah, <mask> was again in Germany, Thuringia, Leipzig, Dresden and Coburg.At Koblenz, he slept at the hotel Zum Weissen Ross at Ehrenbreitstein- in the identical rooms he and his wife had taken back in 1835. He spent the summer months at Bad Liebenstein in the Thuringian forest (six weeks) with excursions to Wilhelmsthal, near Eisenach, and visits to Coburg, Hof and Leipzig. In Leipzig he met Constantin von Tischendorf (1815–1874), who showed him the original codex Sinaiticus, he also made a tour of Brockhaus the publishers. During 1859–60, after the death of Edward Tagart, he was one of the ministers of Little Portland Street chapel, together with <mask> in what was called a "joint pastorship". Henry Crabb Robinson was an attendant. On 9 February 1858, a deputation of English Presbyterian Ministers of London and Westminster, presented an address of congratulation to Queen Victoria at Buckingham Palace, on the occasion of the dynastic marriage (25. 1.1858) of the Princess Royal, Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa (1840–1901) to Prince Frederick William of Prussia (1831–1888). <mask> personally addressed Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1819–1861). A few days later <mask> waited on the Prussian ambassador, Count Albrecht von Bernstorff (1809–1873), to deliver a spirited Anglo-German address to the married couple. Throughout July–August 1859, <mask> was with his family in the Lake District; he attended at Rydal Mount the sale auction of Wordsworth's books (primarily to buy books for Henry Crabb Robinson); on 14 August he climbed Skiddaw mountain (3054 ft; 931 m) and <mask> and his daughter Hannah were involved in a serious road accident (26 August). From May to June 1860 <mask> was seriously ill— a weak and sensitive stomach, with frequent feelings of nausea— at Heathside Cottage, Northend, Hampstead. In October, together with his wife, who was also poorly, they were convalescing at Eastbourne, Sussex, he wrote that he was still recovering having "swallowed enough of quinine, iodine and nitric acid during the last two months to disorder one's natural system completely." In what was one of the coldest Decembers in London (at Hyde Park it had measured −17C ) he announced his retirement from Little Portland Street Unitarian chapel.He visited the Netherlands(University of Leyden) and Belgium in 1867. <mask> was present at the meeting at Sion College (15 February 1868) where the Dean of Westminster, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1815–1881) gave his lecture on The Connection of Church and State. Journey to Transylvania
In April 1868 <mask> received an invitation to attend the approaching tercentenary of the Unitarian Church in Transylvania (The oldest Unitarian community in Europe, was at Thorla in Transylvania) and at the age of seventy-one he left London (accompanied by his daughter) on 30 June, bound for Transylvania "proceeding by Brussels, Cologne, Coblentz, [through Würtzburg and Bamberg]and Heidelberg.He continued via Vienna, Budapest, Klausenburg and in August was in Gyéres. On his way to Transylvania, writing from the Frankische Schweitz we possess a Unitarian credo of Catholic spirit, some eight months before his death, where <mask> revealed himself a follower of Richard Baxter (1615–1691) a 'Baxterian', thankful for having been born and bred into a Presbyterian Church "which has never made anything fundamental in Christianity, but the spirit of Christ himself" he wrote to his friend <mask>: ”I consider Baxter to have been the first who introduced the essence of this grand faith, as the bond of all true Church life, into this country; and look on our Presbyterian forefathers, not excluding Priestley and Price, with Dr. Channing and yourself, as his genuine and consistent followers- only developing the germs which he left behind him.”

Death and Commemoration

By 8 November he was back in Hampstead, London. Following his return from this Transylvanian journey, according to Thom, “A languor marked him from that time, with the not unfrequent look of one whose mind was far away.”

On 28 May 1869 he died in Hampstead, and on 3 June he was buried at Highgate Cemetery, beside his wife and son. There is a window dedicated to him in Rosslyn Hill Chapel, Hampstead, on the east side in the middle with the following inscription:
“In memory of the Revd <mask> Tayler, B. A.Principal and Professor of | Manchester New College, London. Born August 16th 1797. Died May 18th 1869. His scholarly attainments, his comprehensive views, his catholic spirit, and his far-seeing wisdom all known by his writings. This window is placed here by friends and fellow worshipers as a tribute to his simple and elevated character, saintly virtues, large humanity tender sympathies and child-like devotion. His life was a persuasive to piety; his memory lifts up the heart to a better world.”

Family
<mask> married (6 January 1825) Miss Hannah Smith (died 16 February 1862), the daughter of the banker Timothy Smith of Icknield, Birmingham. Their first child, Hannah Elizabeth (1826?-†11 February 1899) was probably born early 1826; the following year a second child, <mask> <mask> (1827–1854).On 8 July 1838, their 3rd child, a daughter, was born at Blackpool, and died the following year on 22 March 1839. The novelist, Elizabeth Gaskell, married to the Unitarian William Gaskell, who was at Cross Street Unitarian Chapel, Manchester, gave a humorous account of Hannah's pregnancy and birth. Works
Besides sermons and addresses, <mask> published:

 Some Remarks on the Nature of Genius. By the Rev. <mask> <mask>, A. B. One of the Secretaries of the Society.(Read 31 October 1823. In: Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester. Second Series. Volume IV, 1824, pp. 373–426. Some Account of the Life and Writings of Herder. In: The Monthly Repository, Vol.IV,1830, pp. 729–738; 829–843. Herder’s Thoughts on the Philosophy of the History of Mankind.In: The Monthly Repository, Vol. VI,1832, Art. I. pp. 34–42;  Art. II.86–97; Art. III. 165–178; Art. IV. 217–233. On the moral education of the people: a discourse, preached on the evening of 1 December 1833 : with an appendix, containing extracts from M. Victor Cousin's report to the French government on the state of popular education in Germany. London; Manchester:  Rowland Hunter : Robert Robinson, 1833.On the Relation of Theology to General Science and Literature. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1,1835, pp. 12–23. [11] [signed: ‘Göttingen, 10 November 1834.’]
Recollections of Schleiermacher. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1, 1835, pp.253–263; 272–281. [‘Abridged with his own footnotes from ‘Erinnerungen an Dr. Friederic Schleiermacher von Dr. Friederic Lücke,’ from the ‚Theologische und Kritiken’ ]
Conclusion of a Sermon, preached, on occasion of the Festival of the Reformation, in the University Church of Göttingen, by Julius Müller, University Preacher, and extraordinary Professor of Theology. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol. 1, 1835, pp. 535–539. Retrospect of a Twelvemonth Passed in Germany. In: The Christian Teacher, Vol.2, (1836), pp. 49–58;65–72;201–210;292–301;385–395;457–465. Forms of Prayer for Public Worship, 1839; 1851
 A Retrospect of the Religious Life of England: or the Church, Puritanism, and Free Inquiry, (London: <mask>, 1845); (2nd ed. rev.,1853); 1876 (edited by <mask>). Socialist and Communist Theories. In: The Prospective Review, 1848, Vol. 4, (Christian Teacher Vol.X. ), July, Number XV, Art. III., pp. 351–390. [Reviews of works by : Lorenz von Stein (1815–1890)‚Karl Grün(1817–1887), Victor Prosper Considerant (1808–1893), Charles Fourier (1772–1837), Hippolyte Renaud(1803–1874), Louis Blanc (1811–1882) and the English 'Redemption Society']
Speech on the Question of American Slavery. [Thursday 19 June 1851] In: The Christian Reformer, Vol. 7,1851, pp.437–438. Christian Aspects of Faith and Duty, 1851; 1855; in German by J. Bernhard, Gotha, 1869; second series, 1877. Inaugural address, at the opening of the first session of Manchester New College, in connection with University College, delivered in University Hall, on Friday, 14 October 1853. London,1853
The Rev. J. J<mask>’s Lecture to the Secularist. In: The Reasoner & London Tribune. A Weekly Secular Newspaper, No.6. Sunday, 6 May 1855, pp. 42–43. [Originally delivered at the Literary Institution, John Street, Fitzroy Square, Friday, 27 April.] Mr. <mask> on Religion in Germany, Heidelberg, 8 September 1856 In: The Christian Reformer, Vol. 12,1856, pp. 577–583; 651–660; 705–719.Two Lectures; being the introduction to a course on the early history of Christianity. London,1857. Hegel’s Philosophy of History In: The National Review, Vol. 7, Nr. XIII.—July 1858, pp. 99–124. The Pentateuch: And Its Relation To The Jewish And Christian Dispensations.By Andrews Norton, Late Professor of Sacred History, Harvard University. Mass. Edited By <mask> <mask>, B.A. Member of the Historico-Theological Society of Leipsic, and Principal of Manchester New College, London. London, 1863. The Church and Theology of Germany during the Nineteenth Century. In: The National Review, Vol.18, 1864, January, Art. VIII, pp. 191–230. [a review of ‘Kirchengeschichte des neuenzehnten Jahrhunderts, von Dr. Ferdinand Christian Baur. Tübingen, 1862.’]
Strauss's New Work on the Life of Jesus. In: The Theological Review: A Journal of Religious Thought and Life, Vol. 1, 1864, No.III. July, pp. 335–365. An Attempt to ascertain the Character of the Fourth Gospel; especially in its relation to the three first. By <mask> <mask>, B.A., Member Of The Historico-Theological Society Of Leipsic, and Principal of Manchester New College, London., 1867[ it was dedicated to his former teacher <mask>: “To THE REV. JOHN KENRICK, M.A., F.S.A., Etc., for more than thirty years classical and historical tutor in Manchester New College, York; known to the learned by his acute and thorough researches into the history and mythology of the ancient world: not as claiming his assent to conclusions which he may not accept, but as a feeble though sincere expression of the love of scholarly honesty in the pursuit of truth, which it was the constant aim of his instructions to inspire this attempt to elucidate an important critical question, is, with every sentiment of respect and gratitude, inscribed by his friend and former pupil, the author]; 2nd ed. 1870 (edited by <mask>).Letters Embracing His Life of <mask> <mask>, B.A., Professor of Ecclesiastical History and Biblical Theology, And Principal of Manchester New College, London. Edited By <mask> Thom. In Two Volumes: with Portrait. Williams & Norgate, | 14, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London; And 20, South Frederick Street, Edinburgh. 1872.His friend and colleague, <mask> Thom separated the two volumes of <mask>'s selected letters, published in 1872, into four distinct periods of his life:

1) To the time of his Marriage: 1797–1825. 2) From his marriage to his appointment of professor of Ecclesiastical history in Manchester New College, 1825–1840. 3) From his Professorship in Manchester New College, to his removal with the College to London 1840–1853.4) Residence in London, as Principal and professor of Ecclesiastical History and of Doctrinal and Practical Theology in Manchester New College, to his Decease. 1853–1869. Thom also published here an incomplete bibliography of his works: See Appendix. List of Mr. <mask>'s Publications, [330]-336. <mask> wrote memoirs of <mask> Bowman and <mask> Robberds. He was one of the editors (1845–54) of the Prospective Review, to which he contributed; he wrote also in The Theological Review and other periodicals. Notes

Attribution

1797 births
1869 deaths
English Unitarians
English magazine editors
People from Surrey
English male non-fiction writers
Manchester Literary and Philosophical

masks:
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
James Martineau
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
James Martineau
John James
Tayler
John Hutton
Tayler
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John Chapman
James Martineau
. Tayler
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John James
Tayler
John Kenrick
James Martineau
John James
Tayler
John Hamilton
John Hamilton
Tayler
Tayler
Tayler
John Eddowes
John Gooch


texts:
<mask> (née Steeves; born February 18, 1935) (pronounced "oak") is a Canadian author of inspirational fiction. Her books are often set in a pioneer era and centered on female protagonists. Her first novel, Love Comes Softly, was published by Bethany House in 1979. , more than 75 others have followed. The first novel of her Canadian West series, When Calls the Heart (1983), became the basis of the current television series of the same name. Biography
<mask> was born in Champion, Alberta, to Canadian prairie farmers Fred and Amy (née Ruggles) Steeves, during the Great Depression years. Oke graduated from Mountain View Bible College in Didsbury, Alberta, where she met her future husband, <mask>, who later became the president of that college. The Okes have four children, including a set of twins.Oke's daughter, <mask> Logan, has co-written books with her. Oke is a committed Evangelical Christian. She has written many books about her faith. Awards
Oke received the 1992 President's Award from the Evangelical Christian Publishers Association for her significant contribution to Christian fiction, as well as the 1999 CBA Life Impact Award, and the Gold Medallion Award for fiction. List of books by <mask> Oke

Love Comes Softly series
This series is published by Bethany House. Love Comes Softly, 1979
 Love's Enduring Promise, 1980
 Love's Long Journey, 1982
 Love's Abiding Joy, 1983
 Love's Unending Legacy, 1984
 Love's Unfolding Dream, 1987
 Love Takes Wing, 1988
 Love Finds a Home, 1989

This series has also been published into two boxsets, Volume 1–4 and Volume 5–8. New revisions with updated covers were published in 2003 and 2004, including the boxsets.The  Fox Faith film versions of the "Love Comes Softly" series, which aired on the Hallmark Channel, do not completely follow the books. They starred Katherine Heigl, Dale Midkiff, Corbin Bernsen, Erin Cottrell, and others. Directors of the films included Michael Landon Jr. and Lou Diamond Phillips. There are also three prequels titled Love's Christmas Journey (2012), Love Begins (2011), and Love's Everlasting Courage (2011). A Prairie Legacy series
This series is published by Bethany House. The Tender Years, 1997
 A Searching Heart, 1998
 A Quiet Strength, 1999
 Like Gold Refined, 2000

This is a follow-up to the Love Comes Softly series. A republished edition is now available.Seasons of the Heart series
This series is published by Bethany House. Once Upon a Summer, 1981
 The Winds of Autumn, 1987
 Winter Is Not Forever, 1988
 Spring's Gentle Promise, 1989

This series was republished in 2002 with updated covers. It is about a young boy, Josh Jones, who is trying to find himself with his atypical family. Canadian West series
This series is published by Bethany House. The last two books came much later and focus on the children in the series rather than the main characters of the first four books. In 2015 all six books were released as a single ebook. When Calls the Heart, 1983
 When Comes the Spring, 1985
 When Breaks the Dawn, 1985
 When Hope Springs New, 1986
 Beyond the Gathering Storm, 1999
 When Tomorrow Comes, 2000

Return to the Canadian West series
This series is published by Bethany House.The series is co-written by <mask> Oke and her daughter, <mask> Logan. Where Courage Calls, 2014
 Where Trust Lies, 2015
 Where Hope Prevails, 2016

When Hope Calls series
Co-written with Laurel Oke Logan
 Unyielding Hope, 2020
 Sustaining Faith, 2021
 Unfailing Love, 2022

Song of Acadia series
Co-written with T. Davis Bunn and published by Bethany House. The Meeting Place, 1999
 The Sacred Shore, 2000
 The Birthright, 2001
 The Distant Beacon, 2002
 The Beloved Land, 2002

This series is continued on by T. Davis Bunn and Isabella Bunn in the follow-up series, Heirs of Acadia. Acts of Faith series
Co-written with T. Davis Bunn and published by Bethany House. The Centurion's Wife, 2009
The Hidden Flame, January 2010
The Damascus Way, 2011

Standalone books
 Return to Harmony, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Another Homecoming, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Tomorrow's Dream, co-written with T. Davis Bunn
 Dana's Valley, co-written with Laurel Oke Logan

Women of the West books
These books are standalone novels about different women of the West, where the author's intention is that they do not need to be read in order. The Calling of Emily Evans, 1990
 Julia's Last Hope, 1990
 Roses for Mama, 1990
 A Woman Named Dâmaris, 1991
 They Called Her Mrs. Doc, 1992
 The Measure of a Heart, 1992
 A Bride for Donnigan, 1993
 Heart of the Wilderness, 1993
 Too Long a Stranger, 1994
 The Bluebird and the Sparrow, 1995
 A Gown of Spanish Lace, 1995
 Drums of Change, 1995

Youth books
 I Wonder… Did Jesus Have a Pet Lamb? (picture book)

Janette Oke's Animal Friends series
 The Impatient Turtle
 The Prodigal Cat
 Spunky's Diary
 This Little Pig
 New Kid in Town
 Ducktails
 Prairie Dog Town
 Trouble in a Fur Coat
 Maury Had a Little Lamb
 Pordy's Prickly Problem
 A Cote of Many Colors
 Who's New at the Zoo?<mask> <mask>'s Animal Friends Pack, vols. 1–6
 <mask> <mask>'s Animal Friends Pack, vols. 7–12

Other Items by <mask> Oke
 Celebrating the Inner Beauty of Women Dec 1997
 Father Who Calls: Devotional insights for Daily Meditations
 Hunger of Your Heart: Finding Fulfillment Through a Closer Walk With God
 <mask> Oke Engagement Diary
 Janette Oke 2001 Engagement Diary (Calendar)
 <mask> Oke's Reflections on the Christmas Story
 Making Memories by <mask> Oke and Cheri Bladholm
 My favorite recipes: Featuring devotional & selected recipes
 My Favorite Verse
 The Father of Love
 The Loving Heart-Calendar
 What Does Love Look Like by <mask> <mask> and Cheri Bladholm
 ''Nana's Gift (novella) 2011

References

External links

1935 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Canadian women novelists
Canadian children's writers
Christian writers
People from Vulcan County
Writers from Alberta
Canadian women children's writers

masks:
Janette Oke
Janette Steeves
Edward Oke
Laurel Oke
Janette
Janette
Laurel Oke
Janette
Oke
Janette
Oke
Janette
Janette
Janette
Janette
Janette
Oke


texts:
<mask> (born 29 October 1971) is a novelist, playwright and theatre director based in Johannesburg, South Africa. He has written and published several international plays and novels and won and been nominated for numerous awards in South Africa and Britain. Life
<mask> was born in Harare, Zimbabwe, in 1971 (formerly Salisbury, Rhodesia). Due to the escalating situation during the Rhodesian Bush War, he moved with his mother and sister to Johannesburg in 1976, the year of the Soweto Uprisings. At the age of ten, he attended boarding school in KwaZulu-Natal at Clifton Nottingham Road and Michaelhouse. The Midlands landscape would later feature strongly in his novels and plays. In 1990, in the weeks that saw the release of Nelson Mandela from jail and the unbanning of the African National Congress, <mask> went to the University of the Witwatersrand to study Fine Art, but later moved to a BA (Honors) in English and European Literature.In 1995, he worked as assistant to the director Barney Simon at the Market Theatre. Following Simon's death, he moved to England, where he would remain for ten years. There he worked at the Young Vic Theatre with Tim Supple and at the Royal Shakespeare Company with Michael Attenborough. He was also a theatre critic for some years at Time Out magazine. He published his first novel, Embodied Laughter, at the age of twenty-six in South Africa and England and adapted Laughter in the Dark for the Royal Shakespeare Company and BBC Radio 3 shortly afterwards. He returned to live and work in South Africa in 2004. Since then <mask> has taught at the University of the Witwatersrand and been the Literary Manager of the Market Theatre.He has published several novels and plays and worked extensively in South African television as a writer. He has a PhD in Creative Writing and is married to the actress Leila Henriques. They live in Johannesburg. Career
<mask> is an internationally acclaimed writer and theatre director. His plays (see listing below) have been produced at the Grahamstown National Arts Festival, the Market Theatre (Johannesburg), the Royal Shakespeare Company (Stratford-upon-Avon), The National Theatre (London), the Finborough Theatre (London), the Trafalgar Studios (London's West End), the Baxter Theatre (Cape Town), the Traverse Theatre (Edinburgh), Live Theatre Company (Newcastle), the Citizens Theatre (Glasgow), the Stockholm City Theatre, the Salisbury Playhouse, Theatre 503 (London), and Next Theatre (Chicago) amongst others. His plays have been published by Methuen (London), Oberon Books (London) and Wits Press (Johannesburg). Several of his plays are university set-works in South Africa and abroad.His play Dream of the Dog, starring Dame Janet Suzman, transferred to the West End after a sold-out run at the Finborough Theatre. Dominic Cavendish in The Telegraph wrote, “The Finborough has a massive, unmissable hit on its hands with Dream of the Dog … An evening fit to grab you by the throat.<mask> was one of ten playwrights from around the world to be commissioned by the National Theatre, London, for the Connections Festival 2012 to coincide with the Olympics. For this event he wrote the youth play Little Foot. <mask>'s novels include Embodied Laughter (Pan Macmillan), The Hill (Jacana), Last Summer (Picador Africa, Mercure de France), The Landscape Painter (Picador Africa), The Dream House (Picador Africa, Mercure de France), and The White Room (Picador Africa, St Martins Press, New York (audiobook)). The Landscape Painter and The Dream House both won the prestigious UJ Award for South African Literature in English and The Dream House was also shortlisted for the Sunday Times Barry Ronge Fiction Award. The Dream House is the prescribed IEB Matric set work for South African schools from 2019 to 2021. <mask> has also directed a range of theatre productions in the United Kingdom and South Africa, including Laughter in the Dark (Royal Shakespeare Company),  Blood Wedding (Pegasus Theatre, Oxford), Grimm Tales and The Jungle Book (both Market Theatre, Johannesburg), The Perfect Circle (Wits Theatre) and Dream of the Dog (SAFM, Hilton Arts Festival).Much of <mask>'s writing explores different perspectives on the truth. His work increasingly explores character, plot and relationships to be sites for ambiguity and dialogue. He uses techniques from the theatre in his fiction such as differing perspectives and dramatic irony to represent the complexity of post-apartheid South African society – extending these themes to a global context in several instances. The Girl in the Yellow Dress, one of his best known works, dramatises a dialogue between Africa and Europe – the ‘Third’ World with the ‘First’ World. He uses his experience of growing up in war-torn Zimbabwe and apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa to speak back to the complacencies of contemporary America and Europe. Mary Corrigall in the Sunday Independent stated, “<mask> has crafted a complex and sophisticated piece of work that will become a new benchmark for South African theatre.”

<mask> has been celebrated by novelists Nadine Gordimer and Andre Brink. Shortly before her death, Gordimer stated “The Dream House is an open and frank exploration of human life that resonates beyond race.Looksmart is a welcome new kind of character in the constantly evolving reality of African literature.”

Brink wrote, “<mask> is in the vanguard of the latest and most exciting novelists in South Africa, both robust and sensitive, offering a barometer of the best to be expected from the newest wave of writing in the country”

Works
Source:

Original plays
2006:                        Truth in Translation (co-writer)

2007:                        Dream of the Dog (published Wits Press 2009 (in At This Stage) and 2015 (in Three Plays), Oberon Books 2010 and 2015 (in Three Plays))

2008:                        Ten Bush (co-writer with Mncedisi Shabangu)

The Perfect Circle (monologue published in SA Monologues Vol. I, Junket Press 2015)

2009:                        The Table (co-writer with Sylvaine Strike and the Cast)

2010:                        The Girl in the Yellow Dress (published Oberon Books 2010, 2015 (in Three Plays))

2012:                        Little Foot (UK version published by Methuen in National Theatre Connections 2012, and South African version published by Oberon Books). 2015:                        The Imagined Land (published by Wits Press and Oberon Books under the title Three Plays). Novels
1998:                              Embodied Laughter (PanMacmillan, Minerva Press)

2005:                             The Hill (Jacana)

2010/ 2013/ 2017:         Last Summer (Picador Africa, Mercure de France respectively)

2011/2013:                    The Landscape Painter (Picador Africa)

2015/ 2016:                   The Dream House (Picador Africa, Mercure de France respectively, Audible, MacMillan, London )

2018:                             The White Room (Picador Africa, St Martin’s Press New York)

Adaptations
2000, 2003:               Laughter in the Dark (Royal Shakespeare Company, BBC Radio 3)

2005:                         Lord of the Flies

2008:                        The Jungle Book

2009:                         Brer Rabbit (co-writer)

Translations
2016:                         Maison de rêve (The Dream House, novel)

2017:                         L’ete dernier (Last Summer, novel)

Selected essays by <mask> Higginson
 A Triangle of Thought: Side One  with Joanna Laurens and Caridad Svich in Performance Research, Vol 9  issue 1. The State of Writing in SA , The Sunday Independent Books, 11 July 2013

Awards
2004:             Laughter in the Dark winner of the Sony Radio Academy Gold Award as a radio play on BBC Radio

2007:             Truth in Translation (co-writer) Edinburgh Fringe First, nominated for Best South African Play at the Naledi Theatre Awards

2008:             Dream of the Dog nominated Naledi Award Best South African Play. Nominated for Naledi Award Best Director, Grimm Tales. 2009:             Ten Bush (co-writer) nominated Naledi Award Best South African Play.2011:             Last Summer shortlisted for M-Net Literary Award

The Girl in the Yellow Dress won Naledi Award for Best New South African Play. Nominated for Best South African Play - Fleur du Cap Awards. Brer Rabbit (co-writer) nominated Naledi Award Best New South African Children's Production. Beautiful Creatures (co-writer) won Naledi Award Best New South African Children's Production. 2012:            The Landscape Painter won UJ Award Main Prize for South African Literature in English, shortlisted for M-Net Literary Award. 2016:            The Dream House won the UJ Award Main Prize for South African Literature in English, shortlisted for SundayTimes Barry Ronge Fiction Award

The Imagined Land nominated Naledi Award Best New South African Play

Interviews
 'Turning the Farm Novel Inside Out: Michele Magwood Interviews <mask> on The Dream House''', Sunday Times Magazine
 '5 Minutes with Author <mask>', Lauren McComb. O-The Oprah Magazine South Africa
 'Author Interview: Subverting the Farm Novel Tradition', Sue Grant-Marshall- Business Day
 'Interview with <mask>on', Author of The Dream House, Alexander Matthews.Wanted Online
 'A Rising Star: <mask>', Karina Magdalena Szczurek – Itch- The Creative Journal
'Book Review: The White Room by <mask>' - SABC News

 Reviews

 Novels
 Review of The Dream House by <mask>, Beverly Jane Cornelius. KZN Literary Tourism
 Kate Turkington Reviews The Dream House by <mask>, Sunday Times Books LIVE
 Into The Gloom – Review of The Dream House by <mask>. By Alexander Matthews, Aerodrome
 SA book review: The Landscape Painter by <mask>, Marianne Gray, The South African
 Review of Maison de Rêve by <mask> in Le Monde
 Last Summer by <mask>, Review. Caroline Smart, Artslink
Review of The White Room by Karina Magdalena
'“Fierce, sad, inspired” – Anna Stroud reviews <mask>’s soul-stirring The White Room'  Plays
 Dream of the Dog at the Finborough Theatre, Review. Dominic Cavendish, The Telegraph
 Dream of the Dog review - British Theatre Guide
 Review : The Girl in The Yellow Dress, Exeunt Magazine
 Review ; The Girl in The Yellow Dress, Edinburgh Festival
 Review of The Imagined Land. Nigel Vermaas, Cue Magazine
 Review of The Jungle Book, adapted by <mask>. References

University of the Witwatersrand alumni
People from Harare
Male dramatists and playwrights
South African dramatists and playwrights
South African male novelists
1971 births
Living people
Rhodesian emigrants to South Africa
White Zimbabwean people
White South African people
Alumni of Michaelhouse

masks:
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Craig Higginson
” Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higgins
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson
Craig Higginson


texts:
<mask> () 19 February 1908 – 17 December 2002) D. Phil., D. Litt., HI, was a scholar of hadiths (muhaddith) and  Islamic law (faqih) and a prolific academic author. A polymath with competence in 22 languages, including Urdu (his mother tongue), Persian, Arabic, French, English, German, Italian, Greek, Turkish, and Russian, his dozens of books and hundreds of articles on Islamic science, history and culture appeared in several languages. He was still studying Thai at the age of 84. Early life and background
<mask> was from the Deccan area of British India and was born in Hyderabad, capital city of then Hyderabad State, (now Hyderabad, Telangana, India), and hails from a family of scholars, the youngest amongst three brothers and five sisters. His family's roots lie in the Nawayath community, his ancestors were eminent scholars in their own right.He earned his BA, LLB and MA at Osmania University. He travelled to Germany and was awarded D.Phil. by Bonn University in 1932. After serving in the faculty of Bonn as a lecturer in Arabic and Urdu for a short time, he went to France and registered at Sorbonne University for his second doctorate. He was awarded D.Litt. by the university after 11 months. He taught international law at Osmania University between 1936 and 1946.His ancestors and extended family were jurists, writers and administrators. His great grandfather Maulvi Mohammed Ghauth Sharfu'l-Mulk (d. 1822) was scholar of Islamic sciences, writing over 30 books in Arabic, Persian and Urdu, including a seven volume exegesis of the Qur'an. His paternal grandfather Qadi Mohammed Sibghatullah was a jurist and a scholar of repute writing an exegesis of the Holy Qu'ran as well as other books. He was also appointed Chief Judge of Madras (now Chennai) in 1855. <mask>'s father Mufti Abu Mohammed Khalilullah, was a scholar of Islamic jurisprudence, a director of revenue in the government of Nizam of Hyderabad, and the pioneer in establishing an interest-free banking system in Hyderabad. Career
In 1948, <mask> was appointed by the Nizam as part of the delegation sent to London and the United Nations in New York to seek support against the invasion of the Nizam's territories by Indian Forces. Subsequently, he moved to Pakistan and was involved in writing of Pakistan's constitution after partition of India and Pakistan in 1947.In 1948, he travelled to France, living there for virtually the remainder of his life, apart from travel to teaching posts he held in Turkey for a number of years. He also held a post with French National Centre for Scientific Research from 1954, which ended in 1978. In 1985, he was awarded the Hilal-e-Imtiaz, the highest civilian award of Pakistan. The monetary part of the award was donated to the Islamic Research Academy, Islamabad. <mask> was the last remaining citizen of the erstwhile Hyderabad State (which following 1956 reorganisation was divided into 3 on linguistic basis, and absorbed into other states of India, most being in Andhra Pradesh, subsequently Telangana) and never obtained the citizenship of any other nation. Classed as a Refugee of Hyderabad by the French Government, which allowed him to stay in Paris, he remained exiled from his homeland after its annexation by the Indian Government in 1950. <mask> devoted his whole life to scholarship and did not marry.<mask> is known for contributions to the research of Hadith history, translations of the Qur'an into multiple languages and in particular into French (first by a Muslim scholar) and for the monumental biography of the Islamic prophet <mask> in French. He is also famous for discovering a missing work on <mask> regarded as one of his great contributions to the Hadith literature. The earliest Hadith manuscript still extant today, Sahifa Hammam bin Munabbah, was discovered in a Damascus library. Hammam bin Munabbah being a disciple of Sayyidina Abu Huraira, one of the Sahaba. It proved, that the earliest manuscripts had been absorbed into the much bigger later compilations. Literary works
Having "authored over one hundred books in English, French, German, Arabic and Urdu, and about 1000 scholarly essays and articles on the various aspects of Islam and related areas", his notable publications include :
 The Muslim Conduct of State: Being a Treatise on Siyar (Siyar), General Introduction (1941, 1953)
 The First Written Constitution in the World (1941, 1975 and 1986)
 Islamic Notion of Conflict of Laws (1945)
 Die Rezeption Europaischen Rechts in Haiderabad (1953)
 Le "Livre des genenalogies" [D'al-Baladuriy by al-Baladuri] (1954)
 Introduction to Islam (from 1957 onwards in numerous languages besides English)
 Le Saint Coran: Traduction et commentaire de <mask> avec la collaboration de M. Leturmy (from 1959 onwards)
 <mask> Ishaq, the Biographer of the Holy Prophet (Pakistan Historical Society) (1967)
 <mask>: A Concise Survey of the Life and Work of the Founder of Islam (1979)
 Islam: A General Picture (1980)
 Islam, Philosophy and Science: Four Public Lectures Organized By Unesco June 1980 (editor) (1981)
 Why Fast? : Spiritual & Temporal Study of Fast in Islam (Centre Culturel Islamique Paris Series) (1982)
 The Prophet's Establishing a State and his Succession (1988)
 The Prophet of Islam: Prophet of Migration (1989)
 Kurʼân-ı Kerîm tarihi: Bir deneme (Ilmi eserler) (1991)
 Battlefields of the Prophet Muhammad (1992)
 Emergence of Islam (1993)
 Islam in a Nutshell (1996)
 The Life and Work of the Prophet of Islam (1998)

See also
 Contemporary Islamic philosophy

References

External links
 hamidullah.info

1908 births
2002 deaths
Indian Sunni Muslim scholars of Islam
International law scholars
Philosophers of law
Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
University of Bonn alumni
University of Paris alumni
University of Bonn faculty
Translators of the Quran into French
People from Hyderabad State
Sunni fiqh scholars
Osmania University faculty
Osmania University alumni
20th-century Indian translators
Pakistani emigrants to France
Pakistani people of Hyderabadi descent
Scholars from Hyderabad, India

masks:
Muhammad Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Hamidullah
Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad Hamidullah
Muhammad Ibn
Muhammad Rasulullah


texts:
<mask>, née Nymand (10 February 1843 – ?) was a British athlete famous for her feats of pedestrianism in the latter half of the 19th century. She set various records for distance covered in a given time period, becoming known as ‘Champion Lady Walker of the World’. After becoming the dominant pedestrian in the United Kingdom, she participated in similar events in the United States to great acclaim. Early life
<mask>'s early life is not very well known. Her father Gustavas Nymand was reported to be a ‘Cockney Jew’, but the nationality of her mother was not known. She left home at 16 to join a theatre company and five years later married the man whose name she was most commonly known by.She claimed to have been a singer, clown, and theatre proprietress, with a childhood ambition to be famous by accomplishing something no one else could do. Having struggled to make a name for herself as an actress, <mask> and her husband became managers of a theatre in Cardiff. In 1877 her husband died, leaving <mask> on the brink of bankruptcy. Career in pedestrianism
<mask>'s interest in pedestrianism started in 1877 when she met British champion racewalker William Gale at an event in Cardiff. Unlike other working class pedestrians such as Emma Sharp who claimed to do no formal training, <mask> was trained by Gale who specialized both in pedestrianism and sleep deprivation. After training for six weeks with Gale, <mask> made her pedestrian debut in Newport, Wales in September 1877. She walked 1,000 half-miles (0.8 km, or 805 km total) in 1,000 half-hours and got no more than 20 minutes rest at one time during the entire three-week trek.There were several days of rain which required her to walk with an umbrella and a lamp but this did not prevent her from finishing. Her second walk was planned to be 1,250 half-miles (2,012 km total) in 1,000 half-hours in Exeter, October 1877, which would break a record of  total) in 1,000 hours set by Captain Robert Barclay, but that had to be abandoned when a storm blew in. This did not deter <mask> and Gale, and they were able to accomplish that feat in Plymouth later that year. In addition to breaking the distance record by , by starting each  at the beginning of the hour (rather than completing two consecutive miles as Barclay did) <mask> completed the event with much shorter rest periods. After this event <mask> was referred to in the press as a ‘Champion Lady Walker of the World’. <mask>'s first indoor event was a  28-hour walk again in Plymouth. However, the pollution from gas lamps and cigars gave <mask> problems breathing.After falling a number of times she collapsed unconscious after completing . Following this failure <mask> went to the press and claimed she would ‘never take on another event she would not finish’. She completed 1,344 quarter-miles in the same number of quarter-hours in Plymouth and  every hour for 28 days in Boston before attempting to equal Gale's record of  in 1,000 hours. <mask> started the event on 8 April 1878 and completed the event on 20 May 1878. Two days later, she got married for the second time to William Paley, a theatre man. After completing three more walks during the summer of 1878, <mask> established herself as the dominant pedestrian in the UK. Therefore, on 13 October 1878, with the aim of making a name for herself in the US, <mask>, Paley, her manager  Webb and her assistant Elizabeth Sparrow sailed in the steamship Ethiopia across the Atlantic.Mozart Garden – US debut

<mask>'s manager Webb wanted to launch her US debut (2,700 quarter-miles (1,086 km total) in 2,700 quarter-hours) in Glimore's Garden (which later became Madison Square Garden). However, William Kissam Vanderbilt, the venue's owner rejected their request claiming ‘The woman will never accomplish the feat and nor can any woman’. This led Webb to approach Mozart Garden, a smaller venue in Brooklyn which was refurbished for the event, reducing the seating from 2,000 to 800 to make way for a track which was surrounded by an  railing and measured by Brooklyn's city surveyor to ensure accuracy. The venue was so small that the track was only  in circumference, requiring <mask> to walk seven laps to complete each quarter of a mile (400 m). A ‘privacy tent’ was built for <mask> to use during her short rest periods containing a bed and a makeshift kitchen including a stove. Walking 2,700 quarter-miles in so many quarter-hours was an accomplishment never attempted by any person before in the US, requiring an ability to endure severe sleep deprivation, leading the champion US pedestrian Daniel O'Leary to claim ‘he would not attempt it’. The event was so popular that the spectator fee was raised from 25 cents to 50 cents after 5/6 of the event had been completed.By the final day of the event ticket prices were $1 for standing and $2 for reserved seating. As many as 4,000 people a day came to see <mask> during the event which started on 16 December 1878. She completed the event on 13 January 1879 to a venue so packed that police had to prevent additional spectators. Many of the spectators were women who it was reported regarded <mask> as 'the most wonderful of their sex'. There were numerous checks and judges to ensure the integrity of the event and doctors who checked on <mask> concluded that she had trained herself to cope with sleep deprivation, since she had no more than nine minutes sleep at a time during the entire 28-day event. into the event <mask> played the piano and sang Verdi’s "Back to Our Mountains" during her rest period and became known for such entertainment during the walk. Over the next few weeks she continued to entertain the crowds with impromptu singing and speeches.<mask> had a number of celebrities come and walk with her during the event including 75-year-old boxer Bill Tovec, General Tom Thumb and Texas Jack. She also entertained the crowd by marking the faces of sleeping spectators with coal. Because of the heavy wagers on the completion of the event, <mask> required protection in the final days of the walk. There were reports of attempted gassing with chloroform although <mask> denied this. With only half a mile to go <mask> sang ‘Nil Desperandum’ to the crowd before completing her penultimate lap. Her final quarter of a mile was then completed in 2 minutes 37 seconds the fastest of all 2,700. The total receipts of the event were reported to be $32,000 of which <mask>'s personal share was reported to be $8,000.Health, sleep and nutrition
When asked by reporters about fatigue, <mask> claimed her biggest problem was often with blisters and the pain of them preventing her sleeping. However, the sleep deprivation became apparent even within the first two days, where she had periods of stumbling through the walk in an almost semi-conscious state before appearing as lively as she was at the start a few hours later. In these sleepy periods her assistant Sparrow had to prepare her to walk at the three-minute warning bell, and on occasion had to send her back to the track when she hadn't completed the required seven laps. After , the regular check by the physician noted she had a temperature of , pulse 78–80, with her only complaints being badly blistered feet and mental anxiety interfering with sleep. Mike Henry, <mask>'s coach, who walked with her for much of the event, was not in such good health with blisters covering his feet and suffering from exhaustion and dizziness. He had to retire, being replaced by one of the race judges, Charles Hazelton. <mask> ate at almost every rest time, unless she was sleeping, and her diet included beef, oysters, corned beef, potatoes, cakes and grapes; she drank beef tea, port wine and occasionally champagne.Critics of pedestrianism
Local magistrates in Boston, UK, objected to walking on Sundays believing that it corrupted morals. However, <mask> found support in the local mayor who claimed that Boston was ‘more moral than Plymouth’ where <mask> had last walked on a Sunday. The New York Times was also critical of <mask>'s journey stating it had no ‘"skill" attributes’ and the sport ‘leads people to bet on any absurd performance of uncertain issue’. There were others who claimed that it was cruelty for a woman to be put through such suffering and claimed during her walk in Chicago that her husband coerced her. To these criticisms <mask> responded ‘I am walking against my husband's wishes’. Reverend  Steele of the Third St. Methodist Church published sermons in a number of newspapers criticizing pedestrianism for a number of reasons, including walking on a Sunday. <mask>'s feats of pedestrianism
September 1877 – 1000 half miles in 1000 consecutive half hours (500 miles in 500 hours) Newport, Wales.November 1877 – 1 ¼ miles every hour for 1000 hours. Plymouth, England. December 1877 – 96 miles in 24 hours, Plymouth, England. January 1878 – 1344 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Plymouth, England. February 1878 – 1,008 miles in 672 hours, Boston, England. April 1878 – 1500 miles in 1000 hours, Leeds, England. June 1878 – 1008 miles in 672 hours, Skegness, England.July 1878 – 864 quarter-miles in as many five-minute periods, King's Lynn, England. August 1878 – 1344 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Peterborough, England. December 1878 – 2700 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Brooklyn, United States. January 1879 – 1350 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Pittsburgh, United States. May 1879 – 2068 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Chicago, United States. April 1879 – 804 miles in 500 hours, Cincinnati, United States. July 1879 – 2028 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Detroit, United States.August 1879 – 2052 quarter-miles in as many quarter-hours, Buffalo, United States. December 1879 – 351 miles in six days, New York, United States. May 1880 – 1559 quarter-miles in as many 12-minute periods, Baltimore, United States. References

External links

19th-century sportswomen
British female racewalkers
Athletes from London
Year of death unknown
1843 births
 British Jews

masks:
Ada Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


texts:
<mask> (; born in 29 December 1958) is an Algerian former football player and manager. He is widely considered as the best Algerian player of all time and one of the best players in Africa. He is said to have invented the "Blind Pass". He is awarded the 4th best African player of the century. He holds the record as the most capped Algerian player with 100 national caps (147 caps not recognized by FIFA) and is also the third best goalscorer of the Algerian national team in all time with 28 goals (34 goals not recognized by FIFA). <mask>'s goal against reigning European champions West Germany earned Algeria a stunning 2–1 victory in their World Cup debut in Spain '82. Club career

<mask> spent almost his entire career at home (apart from a brief spell in Qatar late in his career), most notably with his hometown club GC Mascara, as well as MC Oran.He played also with MC Alger for two years during his military service in Algiers. He won two domestic championships during his career in 1984 with GC Mascara and in 1988 with MC Oran. After returning for another spell in Mascara in 1994, he continued playing until retirement in 1999. Belloumi had contact with various European clubs, including Barcelona, before Spain '82, but "the law did not allow us to leave the country before the age of 27". In 1985, he caught the eye of Juventus after shining in a friendly against them, only to miss out on a dream transfer after breaking his leg in the African Champions' Cup in Libya against Al-Ittihad. He was understandably disappointed "It was a real shame for me that I couldn't go". Often overlooked for international recognition due to not joining a major European club, despite the interest of major European clubs (Juventus were reportedly very keen to acquire his services despite the performances of Michel Platini).Belloumi was recognised by any who watched him play, including the great Pelé, as a fantastic player. International career
<mask> has a total of 147 caps and 34 goals for Algeria national team but only 100 caps and 28 goals are recognized by FIFA. He participated at 1980 Summer Olympics, at two editions of FIFA World Cup (1982 and 1986), at four editions of Africa Cup of Nations (1980, 1982, 1984 and 1988) and at two editions of Mediterranean Games (1979 and 1983). In 1981, he was awarded African Footballer of the Year. Belloumi scored the winning goal in the 2–1 win over West Germany in the 1982 World Cup, and was a pivotal player in the Algerian national team throughout the 1980s. His last game for Algeria came in 1989. Career statistics

Clubs

Club statistics

African competition
Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first."Score" column indicates the score after the player's goal. International statistics

National team statistics

International goals
Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first. "Score" column indicates the score after the player's goal. From 2006, he was added among the lists of the accused in Interpol. The Algerian authorities accused Egypt of wanting deliberately to accuse Belloumi who was the biggest star of the country, to make diversion against hostile events that Algeria team has suffered during the qualifying match in Cairo. <mask> always claimed his innocence and teammates present at the incident had also testified before the Algerian justice that it was goalkeeper Kamel Kadri responsible for inflicting the injury. The warrant was finally rescinded in April 2009 and <mask> was cleared of all legal proceedings at the initiative of Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika in collaboration of the Algerian and Egyptian authorities.Further reading
 Grine, Hamid. (1986) <mask> <mask>, un footballeur algérien, Algiers, Entreprise Nationale du Livre (Enal). See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps

References

External links

Profile at kazeo.com (MC Alger fansite)

<mask> Belloumi: The Wizard of Maghreb at A Halftime Report

1958 births
Living people
People from Mascara, Algeria
Algerian footballers
Algerian expatriate footballers
Algeria international footballers
Olympic footballers of Algeria
Qatar Stars League players
Association football midfielders
FIFA Century Club
Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
1982 FIFA World Cup players
1986 FIFA World Cup players
1980 African Cup of Nations players
1982 African Cup of Nations players
1984 African Cup of Nations players
1988 African Cup of Nations players
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Algeria
Competitors at the 1979 Mediterranean Games
Competitors at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
GC Mascara players
MC Oran players
MC Alger players
USM Bel Abbès players
ASM Oran players
Al-Arabi SC (Qatar) players
Algerian football managers
Algeria national football team managers
MC Oran managers
Umm Salal SC managers
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate football managers in Qatar
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Qatar
Algeria youth international footballers
African Footballer of the Year winners
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
21st-century Algerian people

masks:
Lakhdar Belloumi
Belloumi
Belloumi
Belloumi
Belloumi
Belloumi
Lakhdar
Belloumi
Lakhdar


texts:
<mask> (born May 1, 1990) is an American professional wrestler better known by the ring name <mask>. He is best known for his tenure with Impact Wrestling, where he performed under the ring name <mask>. He has previously wrestled notably for All Elite Wrestling (AEW), Major League Wrestling (MLW), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW), and throughout the American independent scene. Early life
<mask> was born in Saco, Maine, the first of three children. At the age of four he became a wrestling fan, with The Undertaker being his childhood favorite. In high school he played football and lacrosse. During his senior year he was given an essay assignment by his English teacher; "What do you want to do when you grow up?".<mask> wrote that he wanted to be a professional wrestler. <mask>'s mother was a single parent, which didn't allow her time to bring him to a wrestling school. His English teacher, who had encouraged him, helped him by driving him to his first day at wrestling school. <mask> was awarded 'best student' during his tryouts and was awarded three-months free tuition at the New England Pro Wrestling Academy. Professional wrestling career

Major League Wrestling (2018–2019)
On December 8, 2018 (which was taped on November 8 at Fightland), <mask> made his debut for Major League Wrestling (MLW) on Fusion, defeating Marko Stunt. On the December 28 episode of Fusion, he answered Simon Gotch's Prize Fight Challenge and quickly beat him, throwing some of the $20,000 to the crowd. On the January 25 episode of Fusion, <mask> fought Barrington Hughes to a no contest after Col. Robert Parker interrupted the match and had The Dirty Blondes (Mike Patrick and Leo Brien) attack them, resulting in an impromptu tag team match where <mask> and Hughes defeated Parker's team.On the March 9 episode of Fusion, he faced off against Gotch again, winning via disqualification after his Contra Unit (Jacob Fatu and Josef Samael) attacked him. At Battle Riot II on April 5, <mask> competed in the Battle Riot match as the tenth entrant, eliminating five competitors before being eliminated by Davey Boy Smith Jr. He would lose to Samael on the April 20 episode of Fusion, getting beat up by the rest of Contra Unit after the match. His final match for MLW happened on the May 25 episode of Fusion, where he teamed up with Hughes to lose to Contra Unit. All Elite Wrestling (2019)
On May 25, 2019, <mask> made a surprise appearance in the pre-show Casino Battle Royale at the promotion's inaugural event Double or Nothing, eliminating Marko Stunt before being eliminated by Jungle Boy. Impact Wrestling (2019–2021)
On October 19, 2019, <mask> defeated Larry D in the main event of Impact Wrestling's All Glory special. After the match, he signed a three-year contract with Impact that was offered by Co-Executive Vice President Scott D'Amore, and was given the final spot in the five-way ladder match for the Impact X Division Championship at the following Bound for Glory pay-per-view event.At Bound for Glory, <mask> made his televised Impact in-ring debut in the five-way ladder match for the X Division Championship, which was won by <mask>. On December 7 at No Surrender, he competed in a five-way Scramble match, that was won by Madman Fulton. <mask> made his Impact debut on the December 10 episode of Impact! against Moose in a losing effort, and on the following week lost to Joey Ryan. On February 22, 2020 at Sacrifice, <mask> teamed up with Larry D to defeat oVe (Dave Crist and Madman Fulton). On the March 3 episode of Impact!, <mask> picked up his first televised win by defeating Joey Ryan. <mask> solidified his partnership with Larry D on the March 31 episode of Impact!, forming a tag team called "XXXL".On the April 14 episode of Impact!, they made their debut in a four-way tag team match against The Rascalz (Dez and Wentz), Reno Scum (Adam Thornstowe and Luster the Legend) and TJP and Fallah Bahh, the latter winning after TJP pinned Thornstowe. The following week on Night 1 of Rebellion, they fought in a three-way tag team match against The Rascalz and TJP and Fallah Bahh, the former winning after Dez pinned Larry D. On the May 5 episode of Impact!, the team picked up their first televised win by defeating oVe. The following months saw XXXL lose matches against the likes of TJP and Fallah Bahh, Reno Scum and The Deaners (Cody and Cousin Jake), the latter of which they beat up after losing to them in their second encounter. On the July 28 episode of Impact!, <mask> joined with Larry D and a bunch of wrestlers in the reality show Wrestle House. After conducting a truce with The Deaners, he defeated Crazzy Steve in a match, where the winner would get to sleep inside the ring. On the August 11 episode of Impact!, <mask> took on Larry D, who was under a love spell by Rosemary, in order to get him back to normal, but was defeated after a knockout punch. On the September 1 episode of Impact!, XXXL continued their feud with The Deaners by brawling all around the house, ending with Susie confronting Cousin Jake for breaking the truce between the two teams and "winning" the match.<mask> and the rest of the Wrestle House cast returned to the Impact Zone during Knockouts Champion Deonna Purrazzo's Black Tie Affair. On the September 15 episode of Impact!, XXXL continued their Wrestle House rivalry with The Deaners, defeating them in a tag team match. At Victory Road, they faced The Rascalz in a losing effort, and failed to beat them again on the October 6 episode of Impact!. At Bound for Glory, <mask> took part in the Call Your Shot Gauntlet match, where the winner could choose any championship match of their choice, but was eliminated by Heath. On the October 27 episode of Impact!, XXXL fought against The Rascalz again, this time defeating them. After the match, they entered into a rivalry with the Motor City Machine Guns. On the November 10 episode of Impact!, <mask> lost to Chris Sabin after missing a senton and taking three enzuigiris.At Turning Point, XXXL lost against the team of Sabin and James Storm. On the December 1 episode of Impact!, they went up against the Motor City Machine Guns in a losing effort and turned heel. On January 16, 2021, at Hard to Kill, <mask> was searching for evidence on Larry D being framed for shooting John E. Bravo at his wedding, leading to the both of them going to Tommy Dreamer on the January 19 episode of Impact!, and arresting Taya Valkyrie for using ring rust cologne to change Larry D to "Lawrence D" and providing him with the gun used to kill Bravo. On February 13 at No Surrender, XXXL teamed with Tenille Dashwood and lost to Decay (Rosemary, Crazzy Steve and Black Taurus) in a six-person tag team match, and would lose to them again in a regular tag team bout three days later on the premiere episode of Before the Impact. They would lose a non-title bout against Impact World Tag Team Champions The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson) on the February 23 episode of Impact!, and an eight-man tag team match with Reno Scum against The Good Brothers and New Japan Pro-Wrestling's FinJuice (David Finlay and Juice Robinson) the following week. On the May 13 episode of Impact!, <mask> fought in a six-way match to determine the number one contender for the X Division Championship, which was won by NJPW talent El Phantasmo. Two days later, at Under Siege, XXXL competed in a four-way tag team match to determine who will get a shot at the Impact World Tag Team Championship, which was won by <mask> and Madman Fulton.On August 30, <mask> requested his release from Impact Wrestling. On October 12, Impact Wrestling granted his release and <mask> departed from the company. Championship and accomplishments
 Independent Wrestling Entertainment
 IWE Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 IWE Tag Team Championship (2 times)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 417 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2019
 Pro Wrestling Magic
PWM Championship (1 time)
 Rockstar Pro Wrestling
Rockstar Pro Trios Championship (1 time) - with Clayton Jackson and Maxwell Jacob Friedman
Xtreme Wrestling Alliance
XWA Firebrand Championship (1 time)
 XWA Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with JT Dunn

References

External links
 Impact Wrestling profile

1990 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Maine
Sportspeople from Maine

masks:
Justin Romero
Ace Romero
Acey Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Ace Austin
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Romero
Ace Austin
Romero
Romero