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<mask> (born 9 December 1933, London, UK) is an author and cartoonist. He is best known for his Pot-Shots, single-panel illustrations with one-line humorous remarks, which began syndication in the United States in 1975. Biography
<mask> attended Hendon School (then Hendon County School), London, in the 1940s–50s. He graduated from the University of California at Berkeley with a PhD in history in 1964 and taught on a "Floating University", an educational cruise ship that traveled around the world in the mid-60s. He later taught at a community college in Bend, Oregon. During the "Summer of Love" in San Francisco in 1967, <mask> gave daily lectures near the Haight Street entrance of Golden Gate Park. He released a live album recorded in Golden Gate Park in 1967 on a small Hollywood, California record label, Dorash Enterprises (Dorash LP-1001).The album, <mask> Brilliant in the Haight-Ashbury, is quite rare today. The material uses familiar public domain tunes and melodies and incorporates clever poetic lyrics about marijuana, the Diggers, San Francisco neighborhoods, and his personal experiences, all the while displaying a banter which ebbs and flows with his audience, who respond warmly to the performance and also participate in the songs. He states in the recording that he had been performing in this setting for approximately two hours each day the prior four weeks. He laughs throughout his performance, while the audience joins him in singing along and banging on percussive items. The album ends with a "Haight-Ashbury Farewell". The Wall Street Journal described him in a 1992 profile as "history's only full time, professional published epigrammatist." At one time, there was some confusion and controversy as to the ownership and recognition of his distinctive art form.In a copyright infringement suit filed by <mask>, a United States federal judge ruled that while short phrases are not eligible for copyright, Brilliant's works were epigrams and therefore copyrightable (Brilliant v. W.B. Productions Inc., 1979). While Brilliant employs a self-imposed limit of 17 words per epigram, he has actually written and published 41 with 18 words and one with 19 words. Once discovered, all these errors were corrected and then re-published. In 1999 he authored the "Y1K Crisis" article which parodies the "Y2K Crisis" of 1999. Part of the counter-culture scene in San Francisco in the late 1960s, Brilliant wrote and sang a series of parody songs about the hippie movement in Golden Gate Park as the hippie movement happened. Called The Haight-Ashbury Songbook, the songs now appear on a CD collection available on his website.Brilliant celebrated his 80th birthday in December 2013 in Franceschi Park in his current home town of Santa Barbara, California. There he was presented with a document signed by the mayor proclaiming him to be the "Wise Old Man of the Mountain". Criticism
In an essay entitled "Against intellectual property", Brian Martin cites Brilliant as a "professional epigrammatist" who has been known to threaten legal action in order to display his market precedence over legally owned fragments of human language, thus managing to reveal one of the many absurdities behind "intellectual property", namely its ability to limit the free use and dissemination of human expression. When Brilliant finds someone who has "used" one of his epigrams, he contacts them demanding a payment for breach of copyright. For instance, television journalist David Brinkley wrote a book, Everyone is Entitled to My Opinion, the title of which he attributed to a friend of his daughter. Brilliant contacted Brinkley about copyright violation and Random House, Brinkley's publisher, paid Brilliant $1000 without contesting the issue. In a separate 1979 case, a company copied two of Brilliant's phrases – "I may not be totally perfect, but parts of me are excellent" and "I have abandoned my search for truth and am now looking for a good fantasy"—and altered a third phrase, all for sale on T-shirt transfers.The district court acknowledged that the phrases were distinguished by conciseness, cleverness, and pointed observation, ruling that they were protected by copyright. As Brilliant himself insists that his "phrases" (or "Pot-Shots") are original epigrams, then it follows that any use of them without his permission, specifically for commercial reasons (or for financial gain, or profit), would be a breach of copyright. One similar to the use of any other "poetic" material (specifically, large portions of said work) without the author's consent. Books
All books published by Woodbridge Press (Santa Barbara, California)
 I May Not Be Totally Perfect, but Parts of Me Are Excellent, and Other Brilliant Thoughts (1979), ,
 I Have Abandoned My Search for Truth, and Am Now Looking for a Good Fantasy: More Brilliant Thoughts (1980), ,  (paperback)
 Appreciate Me Now, and Avoid the Rush: Yet More Brilliant Thoughts (1981), ,  (paperback)
 I Feel Much Better, Now That I've Given Up Hope: And Even More Brilliant Thoughts (1984), ,  (paperback)
 All I Want Is a Warm Bed and a Kind Word and Unlimited Power: Even More Brilliant Thoughts (1985), ,  (paperback)
 The Great Car Craze: How Southern California Collided with the Automobile in the 1920s (1989), . Be a Good Neighbor, and Leave Me Alone: And Other Wry and Riotous Writings (1992), ,  (paperback)
 I Try to Take One Day at a Time, but Sometimes Several Days Attack Me at Once: More Brilliant Thoughts Than Ever (1987), ,  (paperback)
 We've Been Through So Much Together, and Most of It Was Your Fault: More and More Brilliant Thoughts (1990), ,
 I Want to Reach Your Mind... Where Is It Currently Located? : More Incredibly Brilliant Thoughts (1994), ,  (paperback)
 I'm Just Moving Clouds Today, Tomorrow I'll Try Mountains: And Other More or Less Blissfully Brilliant Thoughts (1998),

References

Sources
Strickler, Dave. Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924–1995: The Complete Index.Cambria, CA: Comics Access, 1995. . External links

Haight Ashbury Song Book <mask> <mask>, 1967, photograph
<mask> <mask> in Santa Barbara (interview), David Peacock (Dux Lux Productions), 2014

American cartoonists
British cartoonists
Epigrammatists
Artists from London
Writers from California
1933 births
Living people

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<mask> (887–959), courtesy name Zisong, formally Duke Chouliao of Chu (), was the chief strategist of Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang (Xu Zhigao/Li Bian), the founding emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Tang. His strategies were viewed as instrumental in allowing Xu Zhigao to consolidate his power during the latter part of the regency of Xu Wen, Xu Zhigao's adoptive father and regent of Wu, eventually allowing Xu Zhigao to take over the Wu state and take the throne as the emperor of Southern Tang. After the establishment of Southern Tang, <mask> had a fall out with Emperor Liezu and largely lost his power, but became powerful again during the reign of Emperor Liezu's son Emperor Yuanzong, until he eventually lost the trust of the emperor and committed suicide in 959. Background
<mask> was born in 887, during the late Tang Dynasty. His family had been from Luling (廬陵, in modern Ji'an, Jiangxi) for generations. In his youth, he was studious and ambitious, and was particularly well-learned in strategies. <mask>u's father <mask> (), at some point, served as the deputy military governor to the late Tang warlord Zhong Chuan the military governor of Zhennan Circuit (鎮南, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi).After <mask>'s death, <mask>u thus remained at Zhennan and became dependent on Zhong and Zhong's family (apparently including Zhong's son and successor Zhong Kuangshi). At some point, he apparently became a candidate for imperial examinations, but it was unclear whether he actually stood for those examinations. During Hongnong/Wu
In 906, Zhennan was conquered by Yang Wo, the ruler of rival Huainan Circuit (淮南, headquartered in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). With the Zhongs thus no longer in control, <mask>u became impoverished, and was forced to follow a group of people to head to Huainan proper to try to make a living. He eventually was forced to work for a house of prostitution run by a Lady Wei, apparently at Sheng Prefecture (昇州, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu). Lady Wei supplied him with money, and he eventually took her as his wife. In 912, by which point Huainan (and other affiliated circuits, including Zhennan) essentially constituted an independent state of Wu ruled titularly by Yang Wo's brother and successor Yang Longyan but was actually being ruled by Yang Longyan's regent Xu Wen, Xu Wen's adoptive son Xu Zhigao was made the prefect of Sheng Prefecture.He was building a staff and welcomed talented people as staff members. <mask> offered his poems to Xu Zhigao through the officer Yao Kezhan () to show his talent. Xu Zhigao was impressed with his talent and invited him to serve on staff. <mask> thereafter became a chief strategist for Xu Zhigao. By 917, Xu Zhigao was said to have built Sheng Prefecture into such a prosperous city that, when his adoptive father Xu Wen visited, he came to like the city, and therefore set his headquarters there. He promoted Xu Zhigao to be the military prefect (團練使, Tuanlianshi) of Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), where his headquarters had previously been, despite Xu Zhigao's wishes to be given Xuan Prefecture (宣州, in modern Xuancheng, Anhui). Initially, Xu Zhigao was not happy, but <mask> privately advised him to accept the Run command, pointing out that Run Prefecture was just across the Yangtze River from the Wu capital Guangling — easy for him to take advantage of any disturbances that might rise as a result of misdeeds by Xu Zhigao's adoptive brother Xu Zhixun, whom, as Xu Wen's oldest biological son, Xu Wen had left in charge at Guangling as junior regent.Given <mask>'s analysis, Xu Zhigao changed his attitude and accepted the Run command gladly. When, as <mask> anticipated, the senior general Zhu Jin started an uprising at Guangling in 918 and killed Xu Zhixun, Xu Zhigao was able to cross the river easily and put down the disturbance quickly. With Xu Wen's other biological sons all being young, Xu Wen thus left Xu Zhigao as the junior regent at Guangling, replacing Xu Zhixun. Xu Zhigao changed from the ways that Xu Zhixun misruled and gained the trust of the people and the officials. <mask> continued to serve as Xu Zhigao's chief strategist. In particular, it was said that it was <mask> who advocated a major reduction in the silk tax to encourage the people to produce silk, and that after Xu Zhigao adopted the suggestion, the region between the Yangtze and the Huai River became very wealthy. Xu Zhigao wanted to promote <mask> to higher position, but Xu Wen disliked <mask> and left him at a relatively low rank, as an army secretary.Nevertheless, it was said that Xu Zhigao and <mask> would nightly converse in private at a pavilion by the river, or in a hall with no barriers but with a great furnace, for them to use pokers to write in the ash, thus allowing them to quickly erase whatever they wrote to each other and keep their conversation secret. Still, only after Xu Wen's death in 927 was <mask> promoted, eventually to be the deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang). In 931, Xu Zhigao was poised to make <mask> chancellor. <mask>, however, believed that he would not be able to get people to be obedient to him given his relative lack of seniority, decided not to accept. Instead, he requested to return to Zhennan's capital Hong Prefecture () to rebury his father. Instead, on the way, he entered Mount Jiuhua and became a hermit at Yingtian Temple () on the mountain. Despite edicts from Yang Longan's brother and successor, Yang Pu (who by that point had claimed imperial title) and letters from Xu Zhigao, he refused to exit the mountain.Xu Zhigao had to send his son Xu Jingtong to Mount Jiuhua to personally persuade <mask>, for <mask> to return to the imperial government. Still, after doing so, <mask> retired with the title of You Pushe (). As a result of this episode, Yingtian Temple was renamed Zhengxian Temple (徵賢寺, "temple where the able was summoned"). However, later in the year, when Xu Zhigao himself took up position at Jinling (i.e., Run Prefecture) following Xu Wen's example and left Xu JIngtong in charge at Guangling, <mask> agreed to return to the imperial government to serve as chancellor with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), along with Wang Lingmou, to assist Xu JIngtong. By 933, under <mask>'s advice, Xu Zhigao was considering moving the capital (and the emperor) from Guangling to Jinling. He was also considering seizing the Wu throne and become emperor himself, but as Yang Pu was known to be careful and without fault as an emperor, he was initially intending on waiting for the next Wu emperor to take the throne before seizing imperial title, an intent that <mask> agreed with. In spring 934, though, when the officer Zhou Zong observed Xu Zhigao complaining about his white facial hair, Zhou, realizing that Xu Zhigao did not want to wait any further, volunteered to go to Guangling himself to hint to Yang Pu that he should yield the throne.When <mask> realized what Zhou was doing, however, he became resentful that Zhou would take this initiative, and instead took the stand of opposing it, arguing that the time was not appropriate, yet. He further requested that Zhou be executed as an apology to the emperor. As a result, Xu Zhigao demoted Zhou out of the headquarters to serve as the deputy military prefect of Chi Prefecture (池州, in modern Chizhou, Anhui). Later, though, when other officers Li Jianxun and Xu Jie also suggested that Xu Zhigao quickly take the throne, Xu Zhigao summoned Zhou back to headquarters, and thereafter began to distance himself from <mask>. Indeed, later in the year, Xu Zhigao summoned Song back to Jinling to serve as his deputy in his position as the supreme commander of all circuits, but gave him no real responsibilities. When <mask> thereafter asked to retire, Xu Zhigao gave him a garden as a gift. In 936, after Xu Zhigao assumed the greater title as generalissimo, he made Xu Jingtong deputy generalissimo, and made <mask> and Xu Jie deputies to Xu Jingtong.<mask>, however, continued to take the stand of opposing the coming imperial transition. When Xu Zhigao had the senior generals Li Decheng (Li Jianxun's father) and Zhou Ben submit petitions for such a transition, to further try to put on a display that this transition was the result of a consensus, <mask> commented to Li Jianxun, "Your honored father was a great contributor to Taizu [(i.e., all Wu rulers' father Yang Xingmi, whose conquests established the foundation for the Wu state)], and now his reputation is dumped on the ground." Still, around this time, Xu Zhigao did agree to a suggestion of <mask>'s — to establish friendly relations with Khitan, to plan a possible invasion of the Central Plains (then ruled by Later Jin). Xu Zhigao thus sent beautiful women and jewels to Khitan, and Khitan's Emperor Taizong thereafter sent emissaries to Wu as well. In late 937, Yang Pu did, under Xu Zhigao's pressure, issue an edict yielding the throne to Xu Zhigao, ending Wu. It was said that the only well-known Wu official who did not then sign a petition urging Xu Zhigao to take the throne was <mask>. During Emperor Liezu's reign
Xu Zhigao took the throne, establishing Southern Tang (as its Emperor Liezu).When he subsequently held a banquet for high-level officials, Li Decheng, at the banquet, stated that all who were there were happy that he accepted the throne, except for <mask>u, and then gave Emperor Liezu the letter that <mask> wrote him, trying to stop him from urging Emperor Liezu to take the throne. Emperor Liezu refused to look at the letter, stating: "Zisong [(<mask>'s courtesy name)] is an old friend of 30 years. He will surely not turn against me." Hearing this, <mask> bowed to him and thanked him. Meanwhile, while <mask> carried the long-abandoned and now-reinstituted titles of Left Prime Minister (左丞相, Zuo Chengxiang) and Da Shitu (大師徒, a more magnified form of the title of Situ, one of the Three Excellencies) in the new Southern Tang administration, he was not given real responsibilities. He became so displeased that when an imperial edict was read out loud, honoring him referred to him as "Our friend from when we wore civilian clothing," he loudly replied, "When your subject was wearing civilian clothing, Your Imperial Majesty was a prefect; now that Your Imperial Majesty is the Son of Heaven, you no longer need this old subject." After making the comment, he went home and expected punishment.Emperor Liezu issued another edict thanking him but not giving him additional responsibilities. Unsure what to do to regain the emperor's trust, he submitted petitions requesting that Yang Pu (whom Emperor Liezu continued to honor as a retired emperor and allowed to live at the palace in Guangling, while Southern Tang's capital was set at Jinling (i.e., Sheng Prefecture)) be moved out of Guangling and be given a lesser title, so that people would not be tempted to rebel to restore Wu, and that the marriage between Emperor Liezu's daughter Princess Yongxing and Yang Pu's son Yang Lian the Duke of Hongnong (the former crown prince) be severed. Emperor Liezu did not accept either proposal. When <mask> again objected in 938 that, as Left Prime Minister, he should be allowed to participate in the governance, Emperor Liezu gave the excuse that the office building had not been built yet. Meanwhile, apparently accepting one of <mask>'s ideas after all (and with Yang Pu himself being uncomfortable remaining at Guangling as a former emperor), Emperor Liezu moved Yang Pu and the former Wu imperial family from Guangling to Run Prefecture and put them under secure guard. Still, when <mask> subsequently again complained about being separated from the emperor by wicked people, Emperor Liezu became publicly angry, causing <mask> to again return to his home to wait for punishment. When others spoke on his behalf, Emperor Liezu commented, "<mask>u is talented but does not know what is appropriate."He sent Xu Jingtong (whose name would soon thereafter be changed to Li Jing by this point and who had, as the emperor's oldest son, been created the Prince of Wu, as Emperor Liezu had himself restored his birth name of Li in order to claim legitimate succession from Tang Dynasty, apparently under a suggestion initially made by <mask>) to <mask>'s mansion to recall him to the government, and <mask> subsequently returned. Subsequently, Emperor Liezu accepted another suggestion of <mask>'s — that when a Khitan emissary arrived, the emissary was treated with great honors, but as soon as the emissary

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 headed north, back across the Huai River (i.e., now in Later Jin territory), assassins were sent to kill him, so that the killing could be blamed on Later Jin. It was said that this incident did bring frictions between Later Jin and Khitan (whose aid was critical in Later Jin's establishment). Meanwhile, it was also at <mask>'s proposal (although apparently a proposal driven by Emperor Liezu himself) that when Emperor Liezu established the seven imperial ancestral temples, while most of the temples were dedicated to Emperor Liezu's biological Li ancestors, Emperor Liezu's adoptive father Xu Wen was given one of the three most honored temple positions (and given the temple name of Yizu), along with Tang's first two emperors Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizong. In 942, at <mask>'s repeated request, Emperor Liezu allowed him to join the other chancellors in governance, and further had him oversee the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng), with Emperor Liezu's son Li Jingsui the Prince of Shou shifted from his responsibility of overseeing the executive bureau to overseeing the legislative (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng) and examination (門下省, Menxia Sheng) bureaus instead, with Li Jing overseeing all three bureaus as well. However, after a few months in office, one of <mask>'s attendants, Xia Changtu () embezzled a large amount of money, but <mask>, ruling on the case, did not issue a death penalty for Xia. Emperor Liezu was incensed, personally ordered Xia be executed.<mask> thereafter claimed an illness and requested to be relieved of the responsibility of overseeing the executive bureau. Emperor Liezu agreed. For several months, <mask> did not meet with the emperor. Emperor Liezu sent Li Jingsui to his mansion to comfort him and promised to make him the military governor of Zhennan, and he thereafter went to meet Emperor Liezu at a banquet. At the banquet, however, they got into an argument, with Emperor Liezu accusing <mask> of being ungrateful and of comparing the emperor to the vicious King Goujian of Yue, and <mask> admitting to making such a remark and commenting that the emperor could kill him if the emperor wanted. The next day, Emperor Liezu wrote a personal letter to <mask>, stating, "You, Zisong, have long known our temper. How can it be the case that when we were young we were so close to each other, but in old age we hate each other?"He subsequently made <mask> the military governor of Zhennan. After <mask> arrived at Zhennan, he built a large mansion for himself and lived luxuriously, purportedly at the people's detriment. He often ruled on matters while wearing a silk robe that Emperor Liezu gave him. During Emperor Yuanzong's reign
In 943, Emperor Liezu died, and Li Jing, as his oldest son, succeeded him as emperor (as Emperor Yuanzong). While Emperor Yuanzong had disliked <mask>u because <mask> had often praised Li Jing's younger brother Li Jingda the Prince of Xuancheng and hinted that Li Jingda would be a more appropriate heir, <mask> nevertheless regained a foothold in the Southern Tang imperial government because he was in an alliance with three officials who served on Emperor Yuanzong's staff while he was an imperial prince — Chen Jue, Feng Yanji, and Wei Cen () — whom he trusted. Further, Emperor Yuanzong had wanted to have senior officials who were well-respected by the people as his chancellors, so he recalled <mask> and Zhou Zong, who had also been made a military governor, to the imperial government to serve as chancellors, with <mask> given the titles of Taibao () and Zhongshu Ling (中書令, head of the legislative bureau). However, by later 943, <mask> had displeased Emperor Yuanzong by having his associates make false accusations against Zhou, whom Emperor Yuanzong respected.Further, by this point, Chen was no longer in the imperial government (having left governmental service to observe a mourning period for his mother). Emperor Yuanzong thus made <mask> the military governor of Zhenhai Circuit (鎮海, headquartered at Run Prefecture). In anger, <mask> offered to retire to Mount Jiuhua, believing that Emperor Yuanzong would try to comfort him. Instead, Emperor Yuanzong approved of the retirement petition, gave him the honorary title of Lord of Jiuhua, and created him the Duke of Qingyang (青陽, in modern Chizhou, Anhui, i.e., the county in which Mount Jiuhua lay in). <mask> thereafter built a large mansion at Qingyang and lived luxuriously, but continued to be bitter. Meanwhile, Emperor Yuanzong publicly announced a succession plan (that he believed that Emperor Liezu wanted) of first passing the throne to Li Jingsui, then to Li Jingda. In 944, he further ordered that most matters should be ruled on by Li Jingsui, with Wei Cen and Cha Wenhui (), the deputy chiefs of staff, as the only officials who would be permitted to see the emperor on a regular basis.Once he issued this edict, however, there was much opposition, and <mask> submitted a petition from his retirement at Qingyang also urging against it, thus impressing Emperor Yuanzong. Therefore, in 945, when Li Jingda's staff member Xie Zhongxuan () pointed out that the people were disappointed that someone as respected for his talent as <mask> was not given any power, and Li Jingda relayed this suggestion to Emperor Yuanzong, Emperor Yuanzong sent Li Jingda to Qingyang to recall <mask>. Once <mask> arrived at Jinling, <mask> was given the titles of Taifu () and Zhongshu Ling, thus titularly restoring him to chancellorship, but was said to be not given actual decision-making authority. Emperor Yuanzong also created him the greater title of Duke of Wei. Around this time, Southern Tang was faced with the issue of what to do with the remnants of its southeastern neighbor Min, which Southern Tang forces had destroyed in 945 by capturing its capital Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian), as Min's prior capital Fu Prefecture (福州, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) remained under control of Li Hongyi, a former Min general who had nominally submitted to Southern Tang but who was controlling the Fu region as his own private domain. <mask> recommended Chen as an emissary to Li Hongyi, predicting that Chen would be able to persuade Li Hongyi to give up his private domain and relocate to Jinling. When Chen arrived at Fu, however, Li Hongyi made a public display of his power, and Chen never dared to bring up his proposal.Humiliated, Chen, on the way back to Jinling, decided to forge an imperial edict ordering Southern Tang forces to converge on Fu against Li Hongyi. Emperor Yuanzong, once he received the news, was incensed at Chen's falsely issuing an imperial edict, but felt compelled to back up Chen's actions with reinforcements. In spring 947, however, the Southern Tang forces were crushed by the joint forces of Li Hongyi and Southern Tang's eastern neighbor Wuyue, thus forever losing the chance of capturing Fu. In the aftermath of this military disaster, Chen and Feng, who also supported the campaign, were exiled. <mask> offered to be punished as well, because he had recommended Chen, but no punishment came. When the official Han Xizai repeatedly requested Chen's and Feng's death and pointed out that the faction headed by <mask> would eventually bring even greater disaster, <mask> accused Han of being an alcoholic and wild in nature, and had him demoted. Later in 947, however, Emperor Yuanzong again sent <mask> out of the imperial government by making him the military governor of Zhennan.<mask> apparently remained at Zhennan until 951, when Emperor Yuanzong recalled him to Jinling to again serve as Taifu, and also created him the Duke of Chu and gave him the honorary title of military governor of Dongchuan Circuit (東川, headquartered in modern Mianyang, Sichuan, then ruled by Later Shu). In 955, in the face of an impending major invasion by Later Zhou's Emperor Shizong, Emperor Yuanzong reengaged <mask> as a key advisor to plan the defense against Later Zhou forces. <mask> advocated the strategy of spreading out the Southern Tang forces near the Huai, to try to confuse the Later Zhou forces so that they would not dare to advance deeply into Southern Tang territory, and then cutting off their food supply routes, forcing them to retreat and sue for peace. Emperor Yuanzong, who was fearful of Later Zhou forces, decided to follow <mask>'s strategy. However, Southern Tang suffered repeated defeats, and its main garrison on the Huai, Shou Prefecture (壽州, in modern Lu'an, Anhui), became desperately sieged by Later Zhou. Emperor Yuanzong sent the official Li Deming () to Emperor Shizong to sue for peace, which Emperor Shizong refused; upon observing how massive the Later Zhou forces were on this mission, however, Li Deming returned to Jinling and advocated ceding all of the Southern Tang lands north of the Yangtze to Later Zhou, which Emperor Shizong indicated that he would be satisfied with. <mask> spoke against the proposal heavily, however, and Chen (who had since returned to the imperial government as Emperor Yuanzong's chief of staff) and Chen's deputy Li Zhenggu () subsequently accused Li Deming of treason.Emperor Yuanzong executed Li Deming, and that, for the time being, ended hopes of a negotiated peace between Southern Tang and Later Zhou. In summer 956, however, with his forces bogged down and running into food supply issues, and counterattacks by the Southern Tang general Zhu Yuan successful in capturing some of the prefectures that Later Zhou had previously captured, Emperor Shizong changed his strategy of capturing as much territory as possible, and withdrew most of the Later Zhou forces, concentrating instead on capturing the besieged Shou Prefecture. As Later Zhou forces were withdrawing, many Southern Tang officials were advocating attacking them as they were retreating. <mask>, however, argued that doing so would create enmity between the two states, and instead advocated letting them leave without trouble. This, however, made the Shou Prefecture garrison's position even more desperate. By 957, Zhu, who had disagreements with Chen before, was convinced that Chen was going to have him killed, and therefore surrendered to Later Zhou. In the aftermath, the relief forces commanded by Li Jingda and Chen sent to try to lift the siege on Shou were crushed by Later Zhou, and Shou subsequently fell.Later Zhou forces then used the momentum to capture nearly all of Southern Tang's territory north of the Yangtze. By spring 958, Emperor Shizong himself was approaching the Yangtze, forcing Emperor Yuanzong to sue for peace — including formally submitting as a Later Zhou vassal, referring to himself as the King of Tang rather than emperor in correspondences with Later Zhou (although he still referred to himself as emperor internally), and ceding the four prefectures that Southern Tang forces still held north of the Yangtze to Later Zhou. Emperor Yuanzong was depressed over the military disasters. Li Zhenggu suggested that he go into seclusion and entrust the state to Song. Li Deming's friend Zhong Mo (), who wanted to avenge Li Deming, used this opportunity to accuse <mask>, Li Zhenggu, and Chen of collaborating to have <mask> usurp the throne. Further, at this time, Chen had also forged an order from Emperor Shizong (now formally Emperor Yuanzong's sovereign) that the Southern Tang chancellor Yan Xu be put to death. These events convinced Emperor Yuanzong that the Song faction was up to no good.In winter 958, Emperor Yuanzong thus acted, exiling Chen, executing Li Zhenggu, and ordering <mask> back into retirement at Mount Jiuhua, albeit with his titles still intact. After <mask> reached Mount Jiuhua in spring 959, Emperor Yuanzong had his mansion securely guarded, only allowing food to be passed through a hole in the wall. <mask> lamented and believed that this was divine retribution for his suggestion to have Yang Pu's family put under secure guard, and thereafter hanged himself. Emperor Yuanzong gave him the unflattering posthumous name of Chouliao (醜繆, "power-abusing and overvalued"). Notes and references

 Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (), vol. 20. Zizhi Tongjian, vols.268, 269, 270, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 290, 292, 293, 294. 887 births
959 deaths
Yang Wu people born during Tang
Yang Wu chancellors
Southern Tang chancellors
Southern Tang jiedushi of Zhennan Circuit
Southern Tang jiedushi of Zhenhai Circuit
Southern Tang jiedushi of Dongchuan Circuit
Suicides by hanging in China
Southern Tang writers
Poets from Jiangxi
Politicians from Ji'an
Yang Wu poets
Generals from

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<mask> (April 26, 1916 – July 4, 1989) was an American radio, film, and television actor, perhaps best remembered for providing the "Control Voice" in the original version of the television series The Outer Limits (1963–1965). He was also a radio scriptwriter as well as a narrator in feature films and for special entertainment and educational projects, such as the original Spaceship Earth and Universe of Energy rides at Epcot at the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. Early years
<mask> was born in Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, the elder of two sons of Kathryn (née Mittlesteadt) and Milton A<mask>, who was a traveling salesman. In 1940, after graduating from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in the late 1930s, <mask> moved to California. Career

Radio
During the 1940s and 1950s, <mask> was a regular performer on many commercial radio programs. In 1941 he became a staff announcer for NBC, staying there for several years before moving to ABC and becoming chief announcer at the Blue Network. His first credited role came in 1943, when he served as the announcer for "The Last Will and Testament Of Tom Smith", a radio episode of Free World Theatre, which was produced and directed by Arch Oboler.He narrated too "A Star With Two Names", part of the segment "Behind The Scenes Hollywood Story" of The Hollywood Music Hall radio program. At the same time, he joined Charles Laughton's theatrical repertory group. <mask> was also a regular guest star on the radio version of Gunsmoke, and he wrote or co-wrote five scripts for that popular Western series between 1959 and 1961. <mask> was a series regular as well on the anthology radio drama Family Theatre, played Ross Farnsworth on One Man's Family, and was featured as cavalry trooper Sergeant Gorse in Fort Laramie in 1956. He performed too as several characters in Escape, Pete Kelly's Blues, Dragnet, Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, and Have Gun – Will Travel. In an uncredited role, he also impersonated Clyde Beatty on The Clyde Beatty Show. Television
One of <mask>'s first television roles was in "The Golden Vulture", a 1953 episode of the Adventures of Superman.He would go on to appear in 16 installments of Dragnet, as well as the pilot for the 1967 revival of the series. He appeared in episodes of Gunsmoke, Maverick, The Big Valley, and Mission: Impossible. He played characters in a variety of other series, including Peter Gunn, Black Saddle, Have Gun – Will Travel, Mackenzie's Raiders, The Untouchables, Going My Way, Perry Mason, Adam-12, The F.B.I., and Mannix. <mask> served as the Control Voice, the narrator of The Outer Limits, and provided voices for characters in episodes of Star Trek, as well as appearing in one episode. He also appeared in two episodes of The Twilight Zone. He guest-stars too on "The Guardians", a 1981 episode of Buck Rogers in the 25th Century. Perrin did extensive voice work in animation.He voiced multiple characters on the Hanna-Barbera animated television series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You! Those characters include, The Ape Man, Carl the Stuntman, Pietro, The Puppet Master, Dr. Najib, The Snow Ghost, Mr. Leech, Yeti, Fu Lan Chi, among others. Perrin was the voices of The Phantom Racer, Junkyard Watchman, Ken Rogers, Anthos and John Thomas on The Scooby-Doo Show. Perrin was also the voices of Mr. McDabble, Mr. Kronos and The Minotaur on The New Scooby and Scrappy-Doo Show. He also provided the voice of Dr. Zin, the main antagonist on Jonny Quest along with voicing Roberts, Search Plane Pilot, Junior, Frogman Leader, Miguel, Kronick, Professor Ericson and others on the series. <mask>  voiced Cyclops on The Marvel Super Heroes. <mask> voiced Creture King and Lurker on Space Ghost.<mask> voiced Mekkor and the Captain of the Sky Pirates on The Herculoids. <mask> voiced Number One, The Ruthless Ringmaster and others on Birdman and the Galaxy Trio. <mask> voiced Red Ghost, Silver Surfer, Professor Gamma and The Demon on Fantastic Four (1967 TV series). Perrin is the voice of Hawkman on Filmations, The Superman/Aquaman Hour of Adventure and Aquaman (TV series) yet another villain, Sinestro, who is the nemesis of the Green Lantern, along with voicing Dr. Starns, Turkish Engineer, Brain Creature, Professor Reed and Frankenstein's Monster on Challenge of the Superfriends. <mask> voiced Namor and Caesar Cicero on Spider-Man (1981 TV series). <mask> provided the voice of Thor, Zerona's Soldier and Black Knight on Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends as well as additional voices on The New Fantastic Four, Spider-Woman and The Incredible Hulk (1982 TV series). <mask> voiced Ming the Merciless on the 1982 television film Flash Gordon: The Greatest Adventure of All produced by Filmation.<mask> voiced Teetor on the 1984 animated musical film Gallavants produced by  Marvel Productions. In 1986 <mask> reprised his voice role as Dr. Zin on The New Adventures of Jonny Quest. Other Hanna-Barbera shows <mask> has provided additional voices on are the live-action and animated fantasy  television series The New Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as Castway Charlie, Centaur, Doorgah, High Priest, Rabbit and Chief, Help!... It's the Hair Bear Bunch! as Professor Neilsen Rockabuilt, Inch High, Private Eye, These Are the Days, Clue Club, Jabberjaw, Captain Caveman and the Teen Angels as Mummy, Brackish and Professor Pryce, Jana of the Jungle, Super Friends (1980 TV series) as Sailor and The Smurfs. Other voice work
For many years Perrin narrated dozens of science and educational short films for educational filmmaking pioneer Sy Wexler and continued to do voice-overs and to play character roles until a short time before his death. Perrin was active in off-camera work in television commercials, prompting one newspaper article to include the comment "<mask> is one actor who makes more money when he's not seen on camera than when he is."He was also the original voice narrator for Disney's Epcot Center attraction: Spaceship Earth in Orlando, Florida. <mask> also narrated two movies in the original Epcot Center Universe of Energy pavilion:  "Kinetic Energy" and "Energy Creation Story". Personal life and death
He was first married to Evelyn Held on March 10, 1963. Evelyn died in 1972 and they had no children. He married for a second time to Rita Singer in 1977 and had a son, George. He also had a stepson, Steven, from Rita's previous marriage. <mask> and Rita divorced in January 1979, but remarried soon after in September 1979.<mask> died of cancer at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California, July 4, 1989, aged 73. Filmography

Television (selected)

References and notes

External links

 <mask> profile, Aveleyman.com

1916 births
1989 deaths
Male actors from Wisconsin
American male radio actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
People from Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin
Deaths from cancer in California
Radio and television announcers
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Western (genre) television actors

masks:
Victor Herbert Perrin
Perrin
. Perrin
Vic
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Vic Perrin
Vic Perrin
Perrin
Perrin
Vic Perrin


texts:
<mask> (born 9 October 1995) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for Greek Super League club PAOK on loan from Middlesbrough. He has represented England at youth and U-21 international levels but is also eligible to represent Nigeria. Club career

Arsenal

Akpom joined Arsenal at the age of six. He made his debut for the Arsenal U18 side at the age of 15, and signed his first professional contract with Arsenal on 10 October 2012, a day after turning 17. In December 2012, Akpom received his first call into the Arsenal senior squad, when he was an unused substitute for a 2–1 Champions League defeat to Olympiakos. He made 20 U21 Premier League appearances during the 2012–13 season and scored 13 goals, including 10 goals in 10 games in the Elite Group stage. In the lead-up to the 2013–14 season, Akpom was selected for Arsenal's pre-season tour of Asia and scored once in a 7–0 win against an Indonesia Dream Team, two more in a 7–1 win against Vietnam and another in Arsenal's final game of the tour against Urawa Red Diamonds.<mask> made his competitive debut in a 3–1 Premier League win over Sunderland on 14 September 2013. He came on in the third minute of injury time as a substitute for the injured Olivier Giroud. <mask>'s second Arsenal appearance came in a League Cup third round tie away to West Bromwich Albion on 25 September. He replaced goalscorer Thomas Eisfeld after 82 minutes and with the scores at 1–1 at full-time, the game entered extra time. <mask> played the full scoreless extra time period and scored Arsenal's third penalty in the ensuing shootout, helping Arsenal to a win. He scored three goals in four UEFA Youth League appearances towards the end of 2013. <mask> scored a hattrick in a 6–1 FA Youth Cup fourth round demolition of Peterborough United on 6 January 2014.Brentford (loan)
On 30 December 2013, it was reported that League One sides Brentford, Peterborough United, Leyton Orient and Milton Keynes Dons were in a four-way battle to sign Akpom on loan. Brentford emerged as the favourites to land Akpom, due to club's head of recruitment, Shaun O'Connor, having originally signed Akpom while working for Arsenal. The loan was thrown into doubt due to injuries suffered by Arsenal strikers Theo Walcott and Nicklas Bendtner in early January 2014, but was completed on 9 January, with <mask> signing for a month. Manager Mark Warburton said "Chuba is strong and quick, with a very good first touch. He's greedy and enjoys scoring goals. It's his first loan spell and League One is tough, so he might take some time to adapt. It's a big jump from Under 21 football".He missed the first match of his loan through illness and Warburton stressed that Akpom would have to "work hard and earn his place like everyone else". <mask> made his debut in a 1–1 league draw at Walsall on 19 January. He came on for Will Grigg after 68 minutes and provided a cross for Clayton Donaldson in the dying moments, which went unconverted. After making four substitute appearances, his loan spell ended and he returned to Arsenal. Following the return to Arsenal, Akpom appeared on Arsenal Magazine about his time at Brentford for the March issue. Coventry City (loan)
On 14 February 2014, <mask> joined League One side Coventry City on loan until the end of the 2013–14 season, with an agreement that he would rejoin the Arsenal squad for games in the FA Youth Cup and UEFA Youth League during the course of the loan. He made six appearances.Return to Arsenal
<mask> began the 2014–15 season by scoring a hat trick for Arsenal in an Under-21 Premier League Division 2 game against West Bromwich Albion at the end of August. On 23 September 2014, he made his first senior appearance of the season, replacing Héctor Bellerín for the last four minutes as Arsenal lost 1–2 at home against Southampton in the League Cup. He made his first Premier League appearance of the season against Southampton on New Year's Day 2015. Akpom made a telling contribution to Arsenal's 5–0 home win against Aston Villa, coming on as a second-half substitute and winning a penalty, converted by Santi Cazorla, his first assist for the club. On 4 February 2015, Akpom spurned the interest of a number of other clubs from the Premier League and across Europe to sign a new -year contract with Arsenal. Nottingham Forest (loan)
On 26 March 2015, he joined Championship club Nottingham Forest on loan till 31 May 2015. He made seven appearances.Hull City (loan)

On 4 August 2015, <mask> joined Championship side Hull City on a season-long loan. <mask> made his debut for the Yorkshire based club on the opening weekend of the 2015–16 season scoring the second goal in a 2–0 home win to Huddersfield Town on 8 August. <mask> made his second appearance from the bench replacing Nikica Jelavic in the 60th minute in the League Cup first round against Accrington Stanley. He scored in the 92nd minute in the first half of extra time and netted a penalty in a 4–3 shootout win for the Tigers. On 30 January 2016 <mask> scored his first senior hat-trick in the FA Cup match away to Bury that Hull won 3–1. He was an unused substitute in the 2016 Championship play-off final at Wembley as Hull beat Sheffield Wednesday to gain promotion to the Premier League. Brighton (loan)

On 30 January 2017, Akpom joined Brighton & Hove Albion on loan until the end of the season.He made 10 appearances where he helped The Albion gain promotion to the Premier League. Sint-Truiden (loan)
On 31 January 2018, <mask> joined Belgian First Division A side Sint-Truiden on loan until the end of the season. <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 1–0 victory against Anderlecht on 17 February 2018. PAOK
On 2 August 2018, <mask> joined Greek Super League club PAOK Salonika on a three-year deal. On 25 August, he made his debut with the club as a substitute in a 1–0 home win game against Asteras Tripoli. On 11 November, he scored his first goal in a 2–1 home league win game against Panetolikos. In March 2019 the BBC said that Akpom was a key player in PAOK's title push.He was an unused substitute on 21 April 2019 when PAOK beat already relegated Levadiakos to confirm their first Super League title in 34 years. He scored the only goal in PAOK's 2019 Greek Cup Final win against AEK Athens. On 6 August 2019, he scored against Ajax in the first leg of their UEFA Champions League third qualifying round tie that ended as a 2–2 draw. He scored his first goal of the 2019–20 Superleague Greece in a 2–1 home win against Panionios on 1 September. On 1 March 2020, receiving a great pass from Omar El Kaddouri inside the penalty area, Akpom cut to a shooting position, subsequently whipping an excellent effort beyond the opposing goalkeeper, to open the score in a frustrating 1–1 away draw against Xanthi F.C. It was his 7th goal for Super League in the most productive year in his career so far. Middlesbrough
On 19 September 2020, <mask> signed for English club Middlesbrough for a fee of £2.75m.The former Arsenal youngster joined from PAOK, where he had made a huge impression in the Greek Super League. Akpom signed a three-year contract, with the option of a further year. He scored on his Middlesbrough debut, a 1–1 draw with QPR on 26 September. Return to PAOK
On 26 August 2021, PAOK announced the return of Akpom on loan from Middlesbrough until the end of the 2021–22 season. International career
On 15 February 2011, Akpom made his debut for England U16s in a friendly match against Slovenia, which ended in a 0–0 draw. He second and final game for the U16s came in a 3–0 2010/11 Victory Shield win over Northern Ireland on 23 March 2011. On 2 August 2011, Akpom made his U17 debut, scoring once in 4–0 win over the Faroe Islands.He played in all six games and scored two goals during England's unsuccessful 2012 European U17 Championship qualifying campaign. He made 13 appearances in total for the U17s, and scored five goals. On 6 September 2012, <mask> made his England U19 debut in a 3–1 defeat to Germany. He scored his first goal for the U19s on 26 September 2012, in a 3–0 2013 European U19 Championship qualifying win over Estonia. Two days later, he scored two goals in a 6–0 win over the Faroe Islands. He played in five of England's six 2013 European U19 Championship qualifying and elite stage games and scored three goals, as England failed to qualify for the finals. On 11 October 2014, <mask> scored his first goals for England U20 coming on as an 87th-minute substitute to score a brace against Netherlands U20 in a 3–2 victory.On 13 October 2015, <mask> made his England U21 debut playing 90 minutes and scoring with the last kick of the match in a European qualifying win over Kazakhstan. He scored again for the England U21 team in a UEFA Euro Under-21 Qualifier against Switzerland. England U21 won the match 3–1, with <mask> scoring in the injury time of the second half. <mask>, who is of Nigerian descent, is still eligible to represent Nigeria. In May 2016, it was reported that he was one of three players formally approached by the Nigeria Football Federation. <mask> has recently been selected for the England under-21s for the UEFA European Championship qualifier against Norway on Tuesday 6 September 2016. On 28 March 2017, <mask> was reportedly close to switching to Nigeria alongside Ola Aina of Chelsea after discussions with Nigeria Football Federation president, Amaju Pinnick.In September 2019 he confirmed that he intended to represent Nigeria at International level. Career statistics

Honours
Arsenal
 FA Cup: 2013–14, 2014–15

Hull City
 Football League Championship play-offs: 2016

Brighton & Hove Albion
 EFL Championship runner-up: 2016–17

PAOK
 Super League Greece: 2018–19
 Greek Cup: 2018–19

Individual
 Greek Cup Final Most Valuable Player: 2018–19

References

External links

 <mask> Akpom profile at The Football Association website
 Chuba Akpom profile at Premier League website

1995 births
Living people
Footballers from Canning Town
Black British sportspeople
English people of Nigerian descent
English footballers
Association football forwards
Arsenal F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.players
Sint-Truidense V.V. players
PAOK FC players
Middlesbrough F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Belgian First Division A players
Super League Greece players
England youth international footballers
England under-21 international footballers
English expatriate footballers
English expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
English expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in Greece
People educated at St Bonaventure's Catholic School

masks:
Chuba Amechi Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Akpom
Chuba


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<mask> (born June 29, 1971) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 17 seasons. Sillinger played for twelve different teams and was traded nine times during his NHL career, both of which stand as league records (he is tied with Brent Ashton for the latter record). Originally drafted 11th overall in 1989 out of the Western Hockey League (WHL) by the Detroit Red Wings, Sillinger began his NHL career in Detroit before continuing on to play for the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, Vancouver Canucks, Philadelphia Flyers, Tampa Bay Lightning, Florida Panthers, Ottawa Senators, Columbus Blue Jackets, Phoenix Coyotes, St. Louis Blues, Nashville Predators and New York Islanders. Of these 12 teams, Sillinger played full seasons with only Detroit, Vancouver, Columbus and New York. During his tenure with Detroit, he captured a Calder Cup championship in 1992 with the Adirondack Red Wings, while leading the playoffs in scoring as an American Hockey League (AHL) rookie. Internationally, Sillinger represented Team Canada on two occasions, winning a gold medal at the 1991 World Junior Championships and captaining his country at the 2000 World Championships. After retirement, Sillinger joined the Edmonton Oilers as Director of Player Development from 2009 to 2014.Beginning in 2014, Sillinger began working in a scouting and recruitment role for the Regina Pats, his former junior club. Playing career
Sillinger began playing major junior in the Western Hockey League (WHL) with the Pats in 1987–88. After a 43-point rookie campaign, he emerged as a top prospect in the juniors in his second WHL season. With 53 goals and 131 points in 1988–89, Sillinger led the Pats in scoring for the first of three consecutive seasons. The Detroit Red Wings then made Sillinger their first-round pick, selecting him 11th overall in the 1989 NHL Entry Draft. Upon being drafted, Sillinger returned to the Pats for two more seasons, where he posted 129- and 116-point campaigns to receive WHL Second and First All-Star Team honours in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Following his 1990–91 season with the Pats, Sillinger was called up to the Red Wings roster, making his NHL debut in the final three games of the regular season, tallying an assist.He also appeared in three playoff games with Detroit that season, also accumulating one assist. The following season, in 1991–92, Sillinger spent his professional rookie season in the American Hockey League (AHL) with Detroit's minor league affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings, where he scored at an above-point-per-game pace with 66 points in 64 games. Despite being called up for eight games for Detroit's playoff run, Sillinger still went on to lead the AHL playoffs in scoring with 28 points in 15 games, winning the Calder Cup championship with Adirondack. Sillinger continued to spend time in the AHL with Adirondack at the start of the 1992–93 season, but returned to and remained in the NHL later that season after scoring at a two-point-per-game pace in 15 games. After being called up to Detroit, he had his most prolific season with the club, scoring 29 points in 62 games. Due to the 1994–95 NHL lockout, Sillinger went abroad to play in the Austrian Hockey League for EC Wien, where he tallied 27 points in just 13 games. When NHL play resumed, he appeared in 13 games for the Red Wings before being traded to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim on April 4, 1995 with Jason York for Stu Grimson, Mark Ferner and Anaheim's 6th round choice in 1996 NHL Entry Draft (used to select Magnus Nilsson).<mask> remained in Anaheim the next season, but was immediately traded the following campaign in 1995–96 to the Vancouver Canucks in exchange for Roman Oksiuta on March 15, 1996. He played one full season with the Canucks in 1996–97, managing 37 points, before being dealt away to the Philadelphia Flyers midway through the 1997–98 season for a fifth-round selection in 1998 on February 5, 1998. <mask>'s stint with the Flyers began promising, scoring 22 points in the 27 games to close the season following his trade, but after managing just three assists in the first 25 games in 1998–99, he was dealt away to the Tampa Bay Lightning midway through the campaign along with Chris Gratton, in exchange for Mikael Renberg and Daymond Langkow on December 12, 1998. Sillinger, however, continued to struggle and tallied just 10 points with his new team for the remainder of the campaign for a combined 13 points between the Flyers and Lightning, a career-low. He returned to form as he started the 1999–2000 season in Tampa Bay, scoring 44 points in 67 games with the Lightning. However, at the trade deadline, he was sent to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Ryan Johnson and Dwayne Hay on March 14, 2000. Sillinger returned to the Panthers to begin the following season, but was once again dealt at the trade deadline, this time to the Ottawa Senators, marking his sixth trade in seven years.In the 2001 off-season, Sillinger joined his eighth NHL team, the Columbus Blue Jackets, but for the first time was not relocating via trade, instead, joining the Blue Jackets through free agency. In two seasons with the Blue Jackets, Sillinger recorded back-to-back 43-point campaigns. Following his second season in Columbus, <mask> was traded twice on the same day on July 22, 2003. He was first sent to the Dallas Stars with a second round draft choice in 2004 (Johan Fransson) for Darryl Sydor before being dealt again from Dallas to the Phoenix Coyotes for defenceman Teppo Numminen. In his first season with Phoenix, however, he was dealt again at the trade deadline to the St. Louis Blues for goaltender Brent Johnson. After finishing the 2003–04 season with the Blues, Sillinger remained inactive in 2004–05 due to the NHL lockout. When NHL play resumed in 2005–06, Sillinger broke the NHL record for teams played with, previously held by Michel Petit and J. J. Daigneault, by joining the Nashville Predators, again, at the trade deadline.He was traded from St. Louis in exchange for Timofei Shishkanov on January 30, 2006. In his fourteenth NHL season, Sillinger set a career-high 63 points playing between St. Louis and Nashville after having recorded just 24 points the previous season between Phoenix and St. Louis. Becoming an unrestricted free agent in the 2006 off-season, Sillinger joined his twelfth and final NHL team, the New York Islanders, signing on July 2, 2006. He continued where he left off from his career season in 2005–06 with 59 points in his first season with the Islanders. Helping New York to the post-season, he set another NHL record by competing in the playoffs for his eighth NHL team. In 2007–08, Sillinger played in his 1,000th NHL game on November 1, 2007, versus the Tampa Bay Lightning. His family joined him on ice for a pre-game ceremony honouring the achievement.Sillinger went on to tally an assist in the milestone game as the Islanders won 4–0. His second season with the Islanders was, however, cut short due to a hip injury that required microfracture surgery in February 2008. He finished the campaign with 26 points in 52 games. Playing in his 17th NHL season in 2008–09, Sillinger was met with further hip complications and underwent hip resurfacing surgery in February 2009, forcing him to miss the remainder of the season. Due to the lingering hip complications, <mask> announced his retirement from hockey on August 26, 2009. Personal life
<mask> was born and raised in Regina, Saskatchewan. He has three sons, Owen, Lukas, and Cole, with his wife Karla, also a Regina native.During Sillinger's NHL career, the family spent the off-seasons in Regina, and have chosen to remain in Regina following Sillinger's retirement. Owen played for the Regina Pat Canadians midget hockey team and was named the most valuable player at the 2015 Telus Cup. Owen and Lukas now play at Bemidji State in the NCAA. Cole was the 11th overall pick in the 2018 WHL Bantam Draft to the Medicine Hat Tigers. Cole was selected twelfth overall in the 2021 NHL Entry Draft by the Columbus Blue Jackets, one of <mask>’s former teams. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

See also
List of NHL players with 1000 games played

References

External links

Shooting Stars Foundation Official Charity Website

1971 births
Living people
Adirondack Red Wings players
Bridgeport Sound Tigers players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of German descent
Columbus Blue Jackets players
Detroit Red Wings draft picks
Detroit Red Wings players
Edmonton Oilers executives
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
Nashville Predators players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
New York Islanders players
Ottawa Senators players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Phoenix Coyotes players
Regina Pats players
Sportspeople from Regina, Saskatchewan
St. Louis Blues players
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Vancouver Canucks players

masks:
Michael John Sillinger
Sillinger
Sillinger
Sillinger
Sillinger
Sillinger
Mike


texts:
Dr<mask>, OC (1 March 19144 March 2002) was a reputed agronomist in Quebec, Canada. Born on a family farm in Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire, he went on to do graduate studies in Cornell University and founded the Artificial Insemination Center of Quebec. After many years as the superintendent at a federal research farm, he was promoted deputy minister of agriculture of Quebec, a position which he held for 6 years. Retiring from his government work, he became a private consultant and collaborated with the Canadian International Development Agency and the Canadian delegation at the Food and Agriculture Organization on projects that took him around the world. Dr. <mask> has been credited among other things with the implementation of innovative agrifood policies that transformed the family farm of the past into the efficient and profitable modern  operation of today. For his contribution to the agriculture and the field of agronomy, Dr. Mercier was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1989 and inducted to the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Agricultural Hall of Fame of Quebec in 1992. Early life and education

Born in 1914, <mask> was the 12th of 13 child of Georges Mercier and Williamine Dion, then subsistence farmers in Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire.From 1920 to 1928, he went to the local primary and secondary school but had to quit due to the Great Depression to work on the family farm and in forestry. <mask> had shown good potential at school so as soon as the economy permitted, his whole family gathered funds to send him back to further his education. He attended college in Nicolet from 1933 to 1939 and went on to complete a B.Sc from 1939 to 1943 in agronomy at Laval University at the La Pocatière campus. Fresh out of university, <mask> was immediately hired by the Government of Quebec which sent him to Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States to further his studies in the field of agronomy and artificial insemination. In 1946, <mask> earned a Ph.D. with post-graduate research on the influence of day length on reproduction efficiency and the shape of the lactation curve of dairy cows in Canadian latitudes. Career

Artificial Insemination Center of Quebec

The ministry of agriculture at the time was concerned with the poor productivity of dairy farms in the province and was blaming poor genetics as the root cause. Artificial insemination, then a novel technique, appeared to be promising solution so the government tasked the recently graduated Dr. Mercier with the founding of the Artificial Insemination Center of Quebec (CIAQ).The mission of the CIAQ was at the time the improvement of the yield of dairy cows, particularly through genetic amelioration but it would later expand in scope. The center conducted its first artificial insemination in 1948 and initiated the creation of a Dairy Herd Analysis Service. Dr. Mercier stayed with the center a total of three years, but through policies he enacted a decade later as the deputy-minister of agriculture, the center became semi-privatized and went on to become a leading institution in its domain. Superintendent of the experimental farm at Lennoxville

In 1950, Dr. Mercier accepted a position with the federal government in Lennoxville, Quebec at the experimental station where he was in charge of the animal husbandry division. Following the retirement of the current superintendent, Dr<mask> took up that role in 1952. There, he worked on and directed numerous research and organizational projects such as the nutrition and winterizing of dairy and beef cattle, the breeding and selection of cattle, swine and sheep, the production of legume based animal feed, the reorganization of federal agronomical research institutions in Quebec and the vulgarization of agronomical research. Deputy minister of agriculture

Dr. <mask> was appointed deputy minister of agriculture in 1960 under premier Jean Lesage's government, a position which he held until 1966.There, he worked to plan and implement provincial and federal agrifood policies required in transforming the family farm into a viable and profitable enterprise in Quebec. He enacted legislation that enabled farmers to regulate their own production in Quebec and Canada and made basic farm loans and credit available to all efficient family farm owners in Quebec. He created harvest insurance, thus giving farmers/business man incentives to invest in their exploitation by lowering risk. Drawing from his past experience working in research, he improved the transfer of scientific research knowledge to agrifood producers and the world of agriculture and had producers take responsibility for managing farm improvement services through semi-privatization, thereby making them stakeholders and decision makers in their businesses. In short, he guided the province toward a modern, scientific and industrialized agricultural system, which would decades later earn him the Order of Canada in 1989 and inductions to the Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame in 1991 and the Agricultural Hall of Fame of Quebec in 1992. Consultant

After retiring from public service, Dr. Mercier started doing assignments as a consultant. The list of organizations he worked with include the Canadian International Development Agency and the Food and Agriculture Organization.During those 12 years acting in this capacity, he worked on several international projects and took part in many Canadian delegations to developing countries such as Algeria, Cameroon, Morocco, Cuba, Haiti, Madagascar, Peru, Rwanda and Saudi Arabia. During this time, he also worked with Radio-Canada on agriculture related subjects both a researcher and interviewee and wrote numerous articles in specialized journals and periodicals. Retirement

Throughout his career and into retirement, Dr. Mercier was involved with his community and various organizations such as l'ordre des agronomes du Québec, the Agricultural Institute of Canada and the Canadian Hunger Foundation. Further into retirement, the focus of his efforts turned to genealogical work, writing books and articles on the subject and founding the Mercier Association of North America (French: Association des Mercier d'Amérique du Nord). Following a sudden decline in health, Dr. <mask> died Monday the 4th of March 2002 at the St-Sacrement hospital in Quebec. He was survived by his wife and all his children. Publications

Bibliography

References

1914 births
2002 deaths
Canadian agronomists
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni
Officers of the Order of Canada
Université Laval alumni

masks:
. Ernest Mercier
Mercier
Ernest
Ernest
Ernest Mercier
Ernest Mercier
. Mercier
Mercier
Ernest Mercier


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<mask> (January 29, 1904 – September 25, 2002) was an American professional baseball player, manager and scout. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball between  and , most notably as a member of the Detroit Tigers team that won two consecutive American League pennants in  and  and won the 1935 World Series. He was employed in professional baseball for nearly 50 years from 1926 to 1973. A native of High Point, North Carolina, <mask> played professional baseball for 15 seasons in Major League Baseball with the Detroit Tigers (1929–1938), Brooklyn Dodgers (1939, 1944–1945), New York Giants (1939), and St. Louis Browns (1942). He posted a .265 career batting average with five home runs and 238 RBIs in 699 games played. A strong defensive catcher, he set an American League record by handling 438 consecutive total chances as a catcher without an error. Following his playing career, <mask> managed the Fort Worth Cats in 1946 and Macon Peaches in 1947.He also scouted the Negro leagues for Branch Rickey and the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1946 and then continued scouting for more than 25 years for the Chicago Cubs (1947–1959), the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1960–1970), and the Montreal Expos (1971–1973). Early years
<mask> was born in 1904 in High Point, North Carolina. He grew up as one of nine children in a Quaker family raised in a Quaker settlement south of High Point. His father had a tobacco and cotton farm and operated a store. He began playing baseball in grade school. He and three of his brothers played baseball. His brother <mask> also played in the major leagues.<mask> was a pitcher in high school and began playing catcher at the Oak Ridge Military Academy in Oak Ridge, North Carolina. Professional baseball

Detroit Tigers
In January 1926, <mask> was discovered at Oak Ridge by Detroit Tigers' scout Billy Doyle. Doyle signed <mask> for $250. He began the 1926 season with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the International League, but he was called up when Johnny Bassler broke his leg and then Larry Woodall was also injured with a spike wound in his knee. He ended up playing 12 games for the 1926 Tigers, compiling a .233 batting average. Ty Cobb was <mask>'s manager in 1926. He spent the 1927 and 1928 seasons in the minor leagues, playing for the Nashville Volunteers of the Southern Association and the Shreveport Sports of the Texas League.He hit a career-high 13 home runs with Shreveport in 1928. He began the 1929 season with the Toledo Mud Hens of the American Association where he played 73 games and hit for a career-high .330 batting average under manager Casey Stengel. <mask> later recalled that Stengel influenced him more than anyone else. <mask> was recalled by the Tigers later in the 1929 season and appeared in 14 games, hitting for a .256 average. He remained with the Tigers for nearly a decade through the start of the 1938 season. He received significant playing time with 77 games 1930, 88 games in 1931, 109 games in 1932, and 134 games in 1933. <mask> led the American League with 11 passed balls in 1930, but he quickly established himself as one of the best defensive catchers in the American League from 1931 to 1933.He set an American League record for the most consecutive chances by a catcher without an error at 439, over a span of 97 games from September 2, 1931, to August 29, 1932. The previous record was set by Johnny Bassler with 285 chances. In 1932, <mask> hit .293 and ranked among the league's top catchers with a .991 fielding percentage (second), 59 assists (third), a 4.99 range factor per nine innings (third), 399 putouts (fourth), 31 runners caught stealing (fourth), and eight double plays turned (fifth). He ranked among the leaders again in 1933 with a .994 fielding percentage (second), 44 runners caught stealing (second), a 5.33 range factor per nine innings (second), 546 putouts (third), 79 assists (third), and 14 double plays turned (third). On December 12, 1933, the Tigers acquired Hall of Fame catcher Mickey Cochrane in a trade with the Philadelphia Athletics. With Cochrane's arrival, <mask>'s playing time was reduced to 54 games in 1934 and 51 games in 1935. The Tigers won the American League pennant in both of those seasons with Cochrane as player-manager.Despite the limited playing time, <mask> hit .293 in 1934 and .309 in 1935. <mask> attributed his higher average in 1934 and 1935 to having Cochrane facing right-handed pitchers and leaving <mask> to face only left-handed pitchers. Cochrane suffered a nervous breakdown during the 1936 season, and <mask> was called on to catch 81 games. He led the league's catchers with a .988 fielding percentage in 1936. Rudy York became the Tigers' starting catcher in 1937, and <mask> was limited to 30 games in 1937 and eight games in 1938. Brooklyn, New York and St. Louis
On September 14, 1938, <mask> was selected off waivers by the Brooklyn Dodgers from the Tigers. He appeared in 26 games for the Dodgers in 1938 and 1939.On September 9, 1939, the Dodgers sent <mask> to the New York Giants in exchange for $6,000 and in completion of another deal made two days earlier. He appeared in only five games for the Giants and was released on December 4, 1940. <mask> signed with the Milwaukee Brewers of the American Association in the spring of 1941. He appeared in 40 games for the Brewers, but was released at the end of June. <mask> next signed with the St. Louis Browns as a free agent in March 1942. He appeared in only one game and was given an unconditional release in mid-May. He finished the 1942 season playing for the Rochester Red Wings of the International League.In February 1944, <mask> signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers who needed an insurance policy in case the team's regular catchers were called to wartime duty. <mask> remained with the Dodgers in 1944 and 1945 but appeared in only nine games. Interviewed by The Brooklyn Daily Eagle in 1944, <mask> said he intended to keep playing until his knees "buckle under me," adding: "Baseball is full of regrets when you come down to your last innings. Just when you learn how to play it one morning you wake up with a crick in your knee and you realize you're washed up. It would be great turn back the clock on the outfield wall 10 years. But I guess the same thing could be said of life, too." Managerial and scouting career
In December 1945, Brooklyn Dodgers president Branch Rickey hired <mask> to take over as manager of the club's Texas League affiliate, the Fort Worth Cats.<mask> coached at Fort Worth during the 1946 season and also worked as a scout for Rickey and the Dodgers in the Negro leagues. In 1947, <mask> became manager of the Macon Peaches, a Chicago Cubs affiliate. He went on to scout for the Cubs from  1947 to 1959, serving as the club's chief of scouting operations in 1959. He later scouted for the Milwaukee / Atlanta Braves (1960–1970) and the Montreal Expos (1971–1973). He scouted Ernie Banks for the Cubs and arranged to buy Banks' contract for $22,000. Family and later years

<mask> was married in 1927 to  Virginia Jones. They two sons, <mask>. and John D. His grandson, J. D<mask>, was a Republican Party member of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona.In 2002, <mask> died in Salisbury, North Carolina, at age of 98. At the time of his death, he was the oldest living former major league player. He was buried at Guilford Memorial Park in Greensboro, North Carolina. References

External links

Brooklyn Dodgers players
Detroit Tigers players
New York Giants (NL) players
St. Louis Browns players
Brooklyn Dodgers coaches
Major League Baseball catchers
Atlanta Braves scouts
Chicago Cubs scouts
Montreal Expos scouts
Baseball players from North Carolina
Major League Baseball coaches
1904 births
2002 deaths
Minor league baseball managers
Chicago Cubs coaches
Sportspeople from High Point, North Carolina
Columbus Senators players
Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) players
Nashville Vols players
Shreveport Sports players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Milwaukee Brewers (AA) players
Rochester Red Wings players
Rochester Red Wings managers
People from High Point, North Carolina

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<mask> (20 April 1945 – 27 June 2013) was a New Zealand painter. His work was significant for pursuing an international scope and vision within a local context previously dominated by regionalist and national concerns. Over the course of his career he consistently sought to push his work towards new possibilities for painting, in the process moving between abstraction and representation, and using controversial themes and approaches, while maintaining a highly personal and recognisable style. His work spans a wide range of concerns including the New Zealand landscape (especially West Auckland), popular imagery (particularly the representation of the female figure), appropriation and art historical references. <mask>'s paintings are distinctive for their intensity of colour and light. His approach to painting is aligned with the modernist tradition, responding to the formal standards set by the American painters Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland and Jules Olitski. Biography

Early life

<mask> was born in Bradford, England on 20 April 1945, the oldest of five sons.His family initially lived in the village of Baildon on the Yorkshire Moors near Bradford. In 1952, when <mask> was seven, his parents, Barbara (Cox) and <mask>, moved the family to Auckland, New Zealand, seeking a life that offered more opportunity than the severe world of post-World War II England. Education

<mask>'s early interest in art, before moving to New Zealand, was fostered by his maternal grandfather, Ernest Cox, an amateur watercolourist. <mask> would make sketches as he accompanied his grandfather on painting trips around the moors. In Auckland, he painted landscapes in both oils and watercolour of Sunnyvale, the Waitākere Ranges and the West Coast and, when he attended Kelston Boys' High School, took art classes with the prominent New Zealand painter Garth Tapper and Rex Head, a regular entrant in the Kelliher Art Award for landscape painting. In 1963 <mask> attended evening classes run by Colin McCahon at the Auckland Art Gallery. In 1964 he began studies at the University of Auckland's Elam School of Fine Arts, and in 1965 his tutors there included Tapper and McCahon.<mask> up a friendship with fellow student Richard Killeen, and during his time at art school also met Michael Dunn, who became an important historian of New Zealand art, and Petar Vuletic, a controversial critic and later art dealer. <mask> completed his Diploma in Fine Arts with Honours in 1967, and was awarded the Fowlds Memorial Prize. The following year he began training as a Secondary School teacher at the Auckland Teachers' Training College. Family

<mask> met Nan Corson in 1978. They briefly lived in the Auckland suburb of Epsom before purchasing a house in Mt Eden. Their son, Chris Corson-<mask>, was born in 1985, and is an artist working in the medium of photography in Auckland, New Zealand. Main periods and series of work

Early Work

<mask> established an early reputation as a landscape painter, winning the junior section of the Kelliher Art Award in 1965 with Low Tide, Anawhata (Kelliher Art Trust) and a Merit Prize in 1966.During this period, while studying at Elam, he also painted abstract works and developed a representational style which he referred to as "New Realism". The latter were informed by developments in American painting of the early 1960s, such as the Pop Art of James Rosenquist, and include paintings of suburban weatherboard houses (characteristic of 1960s West Auckland), often placed incongruously in landscape settings such as Milford Sound or Auckland's West Coast. Some of these paintings are made up of two panels and divided into several separate images. Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft are sometimes visible in the sky, and in several paintings, including Air Disaster Over Mt Sefton (1967, Wallace Arts Trust), two or more aircraft crash spectacularly and comically. In these early paintings we see the beginnings of the kind of disjunctive imagery, or collisions of different traditions and realities, that became a conspicuous feature of <mask>'s work. "New Realist"/"Girlie" series, 1967–70

In 1967 <mask>'s stylised landscapes began to feature women clad in bikinis or fashionable garments of the era such as mini skirts – images that were often appropriated from popular culture, including magazines (such as Vogue and Playboy) and newspapers. They feature landscapes that capture the distinctive emblems of West Auckland, such as native forest and Kauri trees and West Coast beaches.The style of painting, with meticulously and smoothly rendered transitions and details, knowingly takes up the "hard-edged" tradition in New Zealand painting associated with Rita Angus, McCahon and Don Binney. <mask>'s paintings of the 1967–70 period have been labelled the "Girlie" series on account of their frolicking, scantily clad female protagonists. Important examples of works that fit this description include Land of Dreams (1968–69, private collection), Rainbow Girl (1969, Waikato Museum of Art and History Te Whare Taonga o Waikato), Homage to Morris Louis (1969, Real Art Roadshow), Jumpover Girl (1969, Victoria University of Wellington), Leapaway Girl (1969, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa) and Sky Dash (1969–70, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki), Agronomist (1970) and Teller (1970). Leapaway Girl is probably the most well-known of these works, which former curator at Te Papa William McAloon has described as being "produced at a time when the histories of New Zealand painting were being written and the identification of an authentic local tradition – one rooted in the landscape, the harsh New Zealand light and its clearly delineated forms – was paramount." However, McAloon also acknowledges the international influences <mask> was fusing with New Zealand art, writing: "Not that all the references are local: elsewhere in the series <mask> drew on images of contemporary American abstraction, and even here the bold colours of the leaping frock suggest a color field painting gone airborne. More obvious touchstones for the series are American pop artists Mel Ramos, in his paintings of pin-ups, and Tom Wesselmann in his Great American Nude series." Leapaway Girl was one of 166 paintings included by the Museum of New Zealand in their 2012 launch of their online collection.However, there are a large number of paintings in the series, including major examples, that do not fit the popular perception of the "Girlie" series. These include portraits of notable figures in the artist's life, such as his brother (Nigel at Anawhata, 1968–69), fellow artists (Colin McCahon in North Otago, 1967–68, Hocken Library, University of Otago; Don Binney at Te Henga, 1969–70, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki) and his Wellington dealer (Peter McLeavey, 1969–70, Collection of Peter McLeavey). Others have images of couples and children, both idealised and absurd (Offspring, 1969, Table Baby, 1970, and Golden Dreams, 1969, Te Manawa, Palmerston North). Track (1968, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki) is based on a photograph of the publisher – and protector of endangered Kauri forests – A.H. Reed with his daughter and grandchildren; <mask> has them posing stolidly in front of an Auckland Regional Council sign and a stand of Kauri trees. The radical and iconic nature of this painting prompted the poet and art-writer David Eggleton to exclaim that it "charges out of the late 1960s like a rogue elephant," a phrase that nicely captures <mask>'s propensity for brazenly disrupting the norms and conventions of New Zealand art. The Nelson Years, 1971–73

<mask>'s teacher-training obligated him to take up a teaching position upon completion of the programme. He moved to Nelson and taught art at Nelson College.Over the next couple of years he painted the Tasman Bay series – ostensibly abstract paintings, though with a landscape feeling, which have thick fields of muted colour, greens and yellows predominantly, and reflect <mask>'s interest in the "thick field" paintings of the American Larry Poons. Also from the Nelson period is a series of paintings with flat, cartoonish figurative elements as well as abstract shapes and textures (such as an effect resembling the stucco cladding of his rented flat). The overall significance of the paintings of this period lies in the way the artist translates the feelings and imagery of his immediate environment into an abstract idiom directly comparable with developments in American modernism, particularly the paintings of Poons and Olitski. In 1971 <mask> visited Auckland to see an exhibition of paintings by Morris Louis at the Auckland Art Gallery. The exhibition left a lasting impression, and <mask> was particularly impressed by the almost 24-foot long Unfurled painting, Beta Nu (1960, National Gallery of Auatralia, Canberra). The Roller-stroke and Sprayed Stripe Paintings, 1971–73

In 1973 <mask> returned to Auckland, and produced a series of large abstract paintings using paint rollers and commercial house paint. The paint is rolled on freely and casually in wide swathes or chunky arcs and blocks.These works evolved into the Sprayed Stripes, which spanned the years 1973–75. The "classic" examples from this series are composed of brightly coloured parallel bands, applied with spray cans, contained by a pale coloured rectangle that floats at an angle just off the vertical axis of a tall, rectangular, white-painted canvas. The most famous example of this series is probably Quiver (1974, Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki). These paintings were described by critic and art historian Edward Hanfling in 2005 as "the most significant paintings produced in this country [New Zealand], outside of <mask>'s recent white Model Series paintings." The particular colour range of the Sprayed Stripes captures both the intense light of Auckland and the pastel hues typically used by suburban home-owners to paint their weatherboard houses. In using spray cans, <mask> was also trying to evoke the sensibility of the home handyman, the DIY culture of suburban New Zealand. However,

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 <mask>'s feelings for this local environment were by no means expressed in an illustrative or representational idiom.Rather, they were condensed and emblematised, absorbed into a formal language that drew inspiration from American modernism, particularly the paintings of Morris Louis and Kenneth Noland. The Lattices

In 1975 <mask> produced a large number of works on paper that contain the basic ingredients of what became the Lattice series, an immense body of acrylic abstract paintings that he worked on intensively during the second half of the 1970s, and which he returned to repeatedly throughout the rest of his life. The Lattice paintings are typically based on a flexible, constantly varied system of usually diagonal, interlaced bands of colour, within a square canvas. "The basic over and under pattern which holds the forms meshed together on the picture surface is common to all the paintings of the Lattices." Early examples from 1976 to 1977, such as Lattice No. 11 (May 1977, Christchurch Art Gallery), have white horizontal and vertical as well as diagonal bands, their edges marked by black crayon rubbed along the edges of masking tape, with brightly coloured bands seeming to form a grid behind the white bands. From 1978 onwards, the crayon lines were eliminated in favour of clean, masked edges of abutted colour, and with the exception of the Asymmetrical Lattices the square canvas became the standard support.A key example of this highly resolved system is Lattice No. 45 (1978, Dunedin Public Art Gallery), with which <mask> won the 1978 Benson & Hedges Art Award. <mask> invented a considerable range of compositions within the overall Lattice series, varying the width, layout and organisation of the bands as well as the range and intensity of the colours. A number of works, such as Lattice No. 58 (July 1979, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa), have black bands alternating with high-keyed colours, whereby, as art historian Elva Bett observed, "a vast three-dimensional depth is created as the bands of strident colour whip and pull beyond the canvas." Others are pared back to white against raw canvas, or black and raw canvas. An example of the latter is Lattice No.91 (1982, Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa). Model series, 1996–2007

The Model series brings together elements of <mask>'s figurative work and his ongoing commitment to the modernist ambition of inventing new pictorial structures (the way in which the visual elements of a painting are arranged on the canvas surface). Just as in many of the earlier "New Realist" paintings, <mask> was both exploring and challenging the tradition of the nude with reference to contemporary popular culture. The paintings feature women from soft-porn magazines standing in front of paintings, usually representations of modernist abstract or Pop works that appear to be hanging on the exterior walls of suburban houses or on the white walls of an art gallery. The style of the paintings, particularly those before 2004, is notable for the physicality of the brushwork, with the artist seeking to avoid an overly clean and detailed effect in favour of emphasising the materiality and construction of the image. A significant development in the series came with the lateral extension of the picture format, the figure positioned to one side of an abstract expanse of white canvas. Model Series No.80: The End of Louis (April 2006) alludes to Morris Louis's painting, Beta Nu (1960, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra), one of the sources of inspiration for this new "open" pictorial structure. Controversies

"Girlie" paintings

<mask>'s "Girlie" paintings, though critically acclaimed, were also controversial when they were first exhibited in the late 1960s due to the display of nudity that was then considered too explicit in New Zealand's relatively conservative society. The painting Lawn Lovers (1969), which was a finalist in the 1969 Manawatu Art Prize, was banned from exhibition in the regional centres of Palmerston North and Hamilton after a public outcry in which the gallery received letters of complaint. The Hawkes Bay newspaper, The Daily Telegraph, ran an article that recorded reactions of outrage to the painting. In a strange and unfortunate twist, the painting was later loaned to a friend of the artist, and changed hands several times leading to its eventual destruction. When <mask> entered two more "Girlie" paintings in the 1970 Manawatu Art Prize, Sky Leap (1970) and Table Baby (1970), Waikato Times critic, G.E. Fairburn, described them as "repellent", adding that they "need to be seen to be believed."Model series

In 2007 an exhibition of <mask>'s Model series paintings at the Centre of Contemporary Art (CoCA) in Christchurch came under fire from members of the public, community organisations and critics, and generated intense online debate. Director of CoCA at the time, Warren Feeney, subsequently wrote: "Has any series of paintings ever been more loathed?" In a review of the cultural highlights of 2013, The Press newspaper mentioned "<mask> whose untimely death robbed New Zealand of a vital artistic voice". In a tribute to <mask>, the Auckland Art Gallery concluded "Few other local painters have been as prolific as he was, even fewer as determined to explore such diverse and, sometimes, divisive content". Work in museum collections

 Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki
 The Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
 Dunedin Public Art Gallery
 Christchurch Art Gallery Te Puna o Waiwhetu
 The James Wallace Arts Trust
 The Fletcher Trust Collection

Publications about <mask>
 Brown, Warwick. <mask>. Auckland: Marsden Press, 1998.Brown, Warwick. <mask> Paintings: 1986 – 1989. (exhibition catalogue), Hamilton: Centre for Contemporary Art, Hamilton, 1993. Dunn, Michael. <mask> Paintings: 1968 – 1982. (exhibition catalogue), Auckland: Lopdell Gallery, 1991. Hanfling, Edward.<mask>: Lattices. Auckland: Ferner Galleries, 2005. Hanfling, Edward. <mask>: The Model Series Paintings: 1996 – 2004. Auckland: Ferner Galleries, 2004. Sibson, Tracy. There & Back: <mask> 1960 – 1996.(exhibition catalogue), Hamilton: Waikato Museum of Art and History, 1998. Further reading
 Bett, Elva. New Zealand Art: A Modern Perspective. Auckland: Reed Methuen, 1986. Bogle, Andrew. Aspects of Recent New Zealand Art. The Grid: Lattice and Network.(exhibition catalogue), Auckland: Auckland City Art Gallery, 1983. Brown, Gordon & Hamish Keith. An Introduction to New Zealand Painting 1839–1980. Auckland: David Bateman, 1988. Brown, Warwick. 100 New Zealand Paintings. Auckland: Godwit, 1995.Brownson, Ron, ed. Art Toi: New Zealand Art at Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki. Auckland: Auckland Art Gallery, 2011. Caughey, Elizabeth & John Gow. Contemporary New Zealand Art 1. Auckland: David Bateman, 1997. Docking, Gil, Michael Dunn & Edward Hanfling.Two Hundred and Forty Years of New Zealand Painting (revised). Auckland: David Bateman, 2012. Dunn, Michael. New Zealand Painting: A Concise History (revised). Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2003. Dunn, Michael. Contemporary Painting in New Zealand.New South Wales: Craftsman House, 1996. Dunn, Michael. A Concise History of New Zealand Painting. Auckland: David Bateman, 1991. Eggleton, David. Towards Aotearoa: A Short History of 20th Century New Zealand Art. Auckland: Reed Publishing, 2007.Hammonds, Lucy & Douglas Lloyd Jenkins. Architecture of the Heart. Napier: MTG Hawke's Bay, 2013. Hanfling, Edward & Alan Wright. Vuletic and His Circle. Auckland: Gus Fisher Gallery, The University of Auckland, 2003. Johnson, Alexa, ed.Auckland Art Gallery Toi o Tāmaki: The Guide. Auckland: Auckland Art Gallery, 2001. Johnston, Alexa. <mask>: Colour Chords and White Lattices, Artist Project No.3. (exhibition catalogue), Auckland: Auckland City Art Gallery, 1982. Johnstone, Christopher. Landscape Paintings of New Zealand: A Journey From North to South (revised).Auckland: Godwit, 2013. Keith, Hamish. The Big Picture: A History of New Zealand Art from 1642. Auckland: Random House, 2007. King, Richard. The Kelliher: 67 Award Winning Paintings of the New Zealand Landscape and Its People. Auckland: Orakau House, 1979.McAloon, William, ed. New Zealand Art: From Cook to Contemporary. Wellington: Te Papa Press, 2010. McAloon, William, ed. Art at Te Papa. Wellington: Te Papa Press, 2009. McAloon, William, ed.Victoria's Art: A University Collection. Wellington: Adam Art Gallery, 2005. O'Brien, Gregory. We Set Out One Morning: Works from the BNZ Art Collection. Auckland: Bank of New Zealand, 2006. Pound, Francis. Forty Modern New Zealand Paintings.Auckland: Penguin Books, 1985. Ross, James. New Zealand Modernism – The Content of Form. Paintings from the Jenny Gibbs Collection, Vol. 3. Auckland: 1997. Shaw, Peter.Rainbow Over Mt Eden: Images of Auckland. Auckland: Godwit & Random House, 2002. Shaw, Peter. Representation and Reaction. Auckland & Whanganui: Fletcher Trust & Sarjeant Gallery, 2002. Sinclair, Alex & John Yealsley, eds. Risk and the Institutions of Government.Wellington: Victoria University Press, 1999. Thomas, Nicholas. Rethinking Visual Anthropology. New Haven & London: Yale University Press,1997. Trevelyan, Jill. Peter McLeavey: The Life and Times of a New Zealand Art Dealer. Wellington: Te Papa Press, 2013.Wolfe, Richard. New Zealand Portraits. Auckland: Penguin/Viking, 2008. References

External links
 <mask> on the Google Art Project
 Digital NZ: <mask> 1945–2013 by Courtney Johnston
 <mask> Talks About his Lattices Art New Zealand, Number 13/Spring 1979, interview by Michael Dunn
 Leapaway Girl at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa  by William McAloon
 NZ History Online: Leapaway Girl by <mask>
 All in a Quiver Art New Zealand, Number 101/Summer 2001 by Edward Hanfling
 <mask> 1945–2013 by Ron Brownson

1945 births
2013 deaths
Elam Art School alumni
Modern painters
People from Auckland
New Zealand painters
People educated at Kelston Boys' High School
Nelson College faculty
Artists from Bradford
English emigrants to New Zealand
Burials at Waikumete

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