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<mask> (; born March 25, 1943) is an American sinologist. He is a professor of Chinese at the University of Pennsylvania. Among other accomplishments, Mair has edited the standard Columbia History of Chinese Literature and the Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature. Mair is the series editor of the Cambria Sinophone World Series (Cambria Press), and his book coauthored with Miriam Robbins Dexter (published by Cambria Press), Sacred Display: Divine and Magical Female Figures of Eurasia, won the Sarasvati Award for the Best Nonfiction Book in Women and Mythology. Life and career
<mask><mask> was born on March 25, 1943, in East Canton, Ohio. After high school, Mair attended Dartmouth College, where, in addition to his studies, he was a member of the Dartmouth Big Green men's basketball team. He graduated with an A.B.in 1965, then joined the Peace Corps and served in Nepal for two years. After leaving the Peace Corps in 1967, Mair returned to the United States and enrolled in the Buddhist Studies program at the University of Washington, where he began studying Buddhism, Sanskrit, and Classical Tibetan. In 1968, Mair won a Marshall Scholarship and moved to the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London to further study Chinese and Sanskrit, receiving a B.A. (Hons) in 1972 and an M.Phil. in 1974. He then went to Harvard University to pursue doctoral studies in Chinese under the New Zealander scholar <mask>. He received a Ph.D. in 1976 with a doctoral dissertation entitled "Popular Narratives From Tun-huang", a study and translation of folk literature discovered among the Dunhuang manuscripts.After completing his Ph.D., Mair joined the faculty at Harvard as an assistant professor and taught there for three years. In 1979, Mair left Harvard to join the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania, where he has remained ever since. He is also founder and editor of Sino-Platonic Papers, an academic journal examining Chinese, East Asian and Central Asian linguistics and  literature. Mair specializes in early written vernacular Chinese, and is responsible for translations of the Dao De Jing (the Mawangdui Silk Texts version), the Zhuangzi and The Art of War. He has also collaborated on interdisciplinary research on the archeology of Eastern Central Asia. The American Philosophical Society awarded him membership in 2007. In 1969, Mair married Chang Li-ch'ing (; 1936–2010), a Chinese-Taiwanese scholar who taught Mandarin Chinese at the University of Washington, Tunghai University, Bryn Mawr College, Harvard University, the University of Pennsylvania, and Swarthmore College.Together they had one son, Thomas Krishna Mair. Three of Mair's former students characterize his wide-ranging scholarship. <mask> has always cast his nets widely, and he could routinely amaze us with observations far afield from the Chinese text we were reading in class. Today people often attempt to simulate this cosmopolitanism under the rubric of interdisciplinary study, but for <mask>, it was quite untrendy: he simply had an insatiable appetite for knowledge and pushing boundaries. Indeed, border-crossing has been our mentor's dominant mode of scholarship, a mode that has constantly interrogated where those very borders are both geographically and categorically. Though never sporting fashionable jargon, <mask> has always taken on phenomena and issues that engage aspects of multiculturalism, hybridity, alterity, and the subaltern, while remarkably grounding his work in painstaking philological analysis. <mask> demonstrates the success of philology, often dismissed as a nineteenth-century holdover, for investigating twenty-first-century concerns.(Boucher, Schmid, and Sen 2006:1)

Mair is a contributor to the linguistics blog Language Log. Pinyin advocacy
Mair is a long-time advocate for writing Mandarin Chinese in an alphabetic script (viz., pinyin), which he considers advantageous for Chinese education, computerization, and lexicography. In the first issue of Sino-Platonic papers (1986), he suggested the publication of a Chinese dictionary arranged in the same familiar way as English, French, or Korean dictionaries: "single-sort alphabetical arrangement" purely based on the alphabetic spelling of a word, regardless of its morphological structure. Most Chinese words are multisyllabic compounds, where each syllable or morpheme is written with a single Chinese character. Following a two-millennia tradition, Chinese dictionaries – even modern pinyin-based ones like the Xinhua Zidian – are regularly ordered in "sorted-morpheme arrangement" based on the first morpheme (character) in a word. For instance, a Chinese dictionary user who wanted to look up the word Bābāduōsī 巴巴多斯 "Barbados" could find it under ba 巴 in traditional sorted- morpheme ordering (which is easier if one knows the character's appearance or radical but not its pronunciation) or under baba in single-sort alphabetic ordering (which is easier if one knows the pronunciation). In 1990, after unsuccessfully trying to obtain financial support for an alphabetically collated Chinese-English dictionary, Mair organized an international team of linguists and lexicographers who were willing to work as part-time volunteers.Under the editorial leadership of John DeFrancis, they published the first general Chinese-English single-sort dictionary in 1996. According to the "Acknowledgments" (1996:ix), "This dictionary owes its genesis to the initiative of <mask><mask>  of Pennsylvania." A revised and expanded edition was published in 2000. Selected works
 Sino-Platonic Papers

Works listed in Library of Congress (Chronological order)

 <mask><mask>, Tun-<mask> Popular Narratives (Cambridge [Cambridgeshire] ; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983). Influences from India seen in texts from Dunhuang caves. <mask><mask>, Painting and Performance : Chinese Picture Recitation and Its Indian Genesis (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1988). <mask><mask>, Cheng Mei Bo Wang, Mei Cherng's "Seven Stimuli" And Wang Bor's "Pavilion of King Terng" : Chinese Poems for Princes (Lewiston, NY, USA: E. Mellen Press, 1988).<mask><mask>, T'ang Transformation Texts: A Study of the Buddhist Contribution to the Rise of Vernacular Fiction and Drama in China (Cambridge, Mass. : Council on East Asian Studies Harvard University: Distributed by Harvard University Press, 1989). Popular narratives of Buddhist motifs, known as bianwen (變文)
 Laozi, <mask>. Mair, tr. Tao Te Ching: The Classic Book of Integrity and the Way (New York: Bantam Books, 1990). <mask><mask> Yongquan Liu, Characters and Computers (Amsterdam, Netherlands; Washington: IOS Press, 1991). <mask><mask>, The Columbia Anthology of Traditional Chinese Literature (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994). <mask><mask>, The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Peoples of Eastern Central Asia (Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man Inc. in collaboration with the University of Pennsylvania Museum Publications, 1998).Zhuangzi <mask><mask>, tr. Wandering on the Way: Early Taoist Tales and Parables of Chuang Tzu (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1998). Songling Pu, Denis C. Mair <mask>. <mask>, tr. Liaozhai Zhiyi Xuan (Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 2000). J. P. Mallory and <mask><mask>, The Tarim Mummies: Ancient China and the Mystery of the Earliest Peoples from the West. (2000). Thames & Hudson.London. <mask><mask>, The Columbia History of Chinese Literature (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001). Songling Pu, Denis C. Mair <mask><mask>, tr. Liao Zhai Zhi Yi Xuan (Beijing Shi: Wai wen chu ban she, Di 1 ban., 2001). <mask><mask>, Nancy Shatzman Steinhardt, Paul Rakita Goldin, eds. Hawai'i Reader in Traditional Chinese Culture (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2005). <mask><mask>, Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2006).<mask><mask>, tr. The Art of War / Sun Zi's Military Methods (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007). <mask><mask> and Erling <mask>, The True History of Tea (Thames & Hudson; illustrated edition, 2009). (Hardcover). Miriam Robbins Dexter and <mask><mask>, Sacred Display: Divine and Magical Female Figures of Eurasia (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2010). <mask><mask> and Mark Bender (editors). The Columbia Anthology of Chinese Folk and Popular Literature.(New York: Columbia University Press, 2011). <mask><mask> (editor). Buddhist Transformations and Interactions: Essays in Honor of Antonino Forte  (Amherst, NY: Cambria Press, 2017). Notes

References

Boucher, Daniel, Neil Schmid, and Tansen Sen. 2006. "The Scholarly Contributions of Professor <mask>. Mair: A Retrospective Survey", Asia Major Volume 19, part 1/2, 2006. DeFrancis, John, ed. 1996.The ABC [Alphabetically Based Computerized] Chinese-English Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. DeFrancis, John, ed. 2003. ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Mair, <mask>. 1986."The Need for an Alphabetically Arranged General Usage Dictionary of Mandarin Chinese: A Review Article of Some Recent Dictionaries and Current Lexicographical Projects", Sino-Platonic Papers  1:1-31. External links

Official homepage
, University of Pennsylvania Museum (video)

Sacred Display - Award for Best Nonfiction Book in Women and Mythology

1943 births
Living people
Alumni of the University of London
American Buddhist studies scholars
American expatriates in Nepal
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American men's basketball players
American people of Austrian descent
American sinologists
Dartmouth Big Green men's basketball players
Harvard University alumni
Linguists of Chinese
Peace Corps volunteers
Basketball players from Ohio
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Writers from Canton, Ohio

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<mask> (22 September 1922 – 21 January 1993) was an American-born British art historian who contributed in particular to the history of photography in which he had developed an interest while studying at the Courtauld Institute. His investigation uncovered links between painting (and other artforms) and photography, and evidence for artists using photography for reference and other purposes, as well as the way photographers with aspirations as artists referred to painting in their work. He thus pioneered a new field of art history when Pop Art and other movements in the 1960s were reincorporating the medium of photography (which developed separately since the 1930s, and which hitherto art historians in general treated separately from painting) and reference to popular photographic images, into mainstream artistic practice. <mask> popularised his study and discoveries with publication of his profusely illustrated hardback Penguin volume 'Art and Photography' (1968) and through his work at the Open University in producing innovative thematic educational videos on the history of photography and its relation to society. Early life
<mask> was born 22 September 1922 in the US to <mask> and his wife, Jeanette Shack (Shackowitz) a Jewish immigrant from Volochysk. He trained at Hancock College of Aeronautics in Los Angeles County in 1944 as a second lieutenant, where he gained his 'silver wings', qualifying to fly heavy aircraft. While at the College <mask> used his artistic talents to draw cartoons for the cadet publications.During World War II he flew 46 missions as a bomber navigator and was award an Air Medal in November 1944, and later promoted to captain. His unit citations were awarded as a result of successful bombing missions over Odertal and Vienna, and it was during his last mission to the latter that flak knocked out three of their B-24 engines and his crew made a forced landing in Russia. <mask> was reported as saying that though “not one of our crew was wounded...many a time we were scared half to death. Some of us came back with graying hair.” From there a jeep convoy took them to Hungary, from where the British flew them out and after the German surrender they flew their B-24 home. In his memoir of the war Flak (1996) published posthumously by <mask>’s widow, Marina, he recounts how he deliberately botched the targeting of Ravenna, Italy in a bombing raid. After the war he spent some years as a painter and potter in Los Angeles and produced some commercial art illustration. He studied art and anthropology at the University of California where he became engaged to a fellow student Annette Rose in 1946, whom he married on 8 September.After receiving a master's degree in painting, he won critical acclaim for three paintings in a veterans' art award exhibition in 1951 in the art gallery of Santa Monica Library, and also showed lithographs at Kistler Studio In 1950 he married Ruth Dunlap Bartlett (born 18 October 1921, Racine, died 16 January 2009, Highgate). An accomplished actress, Ruth owned and ran The Beachcomber, a small theatre on Muscle Beach in Santa Monica. Helena Stevens was her stage name. She was also a committed communist and became the first to play the part of Mother Courage in an English-language production of the play of the same name by the German communist playwright Bertolt Brecht. Her husband meantime, was refused work or study in American universities, blacklisted because of his own socialism. At the Courtauld
In 1956, <mask> and wife arrived in the UK as political refugees from McCarthyism, with an invitation, provided by the communist academic (and spy) Anthony Blunt, for <mask> to study at the Courtauld Institute of Art in London providing their ostensible reason for leaving America. <mask>’s doctoral thesis at the Courtauld was eventually published with revisions and additions as Art and Photography (Allen Lane, The Penguin Press, 1968), the expanded version of his Creative Photography (Studio Vista ; New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold, London, 1965).At the time of writing Creative Photography  <mask> had attained his first academic post as head of the department of history of art and complimentary studies at Saint Martin's School of Art. "Art and Photography"
The book reveals the hitherto uncredited influence of photography on the creation of artistic images in painting. The emphasis is on the photograph as used in the service of painting, or imitating painted images. <mask> does not here give the same emphasis on photography as an artistic medium in itself as much as he did in Creative Photography, though he does recognise the greater acceptance of photography as art in chapters on the mid Twentieth Century. Art and Photography was widely and favourably reviewed. As early as 1969 Los Angeles Times art critic William Wilson was certain that it would "join standard texts on the subject" and in summary concluded that “<mask>, insists, in scholarly fashion, that photography has created a new situation we cannot call better or worse, only different, challenging. If the book proves anything, it is that art and photography are both art, interdependent, and yet so fundamentally different you can't really mistake one for the other.” It was welcomed in its most extended contemporary review in the Art Journal by Carl Chiarenza; "At long last a scholarly sourcebook has been published which attempts to organize the bewildering mass of documents relating to the interaction of photography and other media since 1839.Dr<mask>'s new book is absolutely indispensable to any research in the field; it will be the standard reference for a long time to come," and hailed by Marie Czach as "the definitive work on the subject of Art and Photography", while Ken Marantz declared it "carefully documented, appropriately illustrated, and readable...important, but the conclusion is particularly insightful..." Robert A. Sobieszek considered it "one of the most appealing books in the field to be published in a long while...the sheer ambition of the work's scope covers the subject with a density lacking until now." Earlier, Michael Webb likened the book to "an archaeological dig, laying bare a lost city on the evidence of an incoherent scatter of shards. Patiently the strata are revealed, the evidence accumulated, the fragments re-assembled." Art and Photography appears in David Hockney's painting My Parents, 1977 (Tate, London) in which the painter's father is engrossed in reading the book; this is significant in indicating the connection between the <mask>'s discoveries and the later Hockney-Falco thesis. At the time of publication, <mask> had become head of the History of Art and Complementary Studies Department at St. Martin’s School of Art, London. The couple settled in Hampstead. <mask>’s peer, and also friend and frequent correspondent, was Van Deren Coke, whose own studies into the links between art and photography were published as The Painter and the Photograph a year earlier than Creative Photography, but without the same circulation and international reception, revised and enlarged from the 1964 catalogue issued under the same title for the exhibition curated by Van Deren Coke which toured the US in 1964 and 1965.<mask>'s articles on photo history were published in the 1968 issues of Creative Camera magazine in his column, and in Album They reflected his eclectic interests in photography's history, including spirit photography and Darwin's use of photography, to discussion of the engravings on the backs of cartes-de-visite. Under the pressure of other work, he asked to be relieved of writing the Creative Camera column and ask that Van Deren Coke continue it, which he did until December 1969. During this period, <mask> contributed the entry on Henri Cartier-Bresson in the Encyclopædia Britannica. He had divorced Ruth, who went on to act for television and films, including Highlander (1986), The Lords of Discipline (1983) and The Ted Kennedy Jr. Story (1986). She died on 25 February 2009. He married Marina (née Betts). <mask>'s own art production consisted of montages made from old photographs and/or 19th-century wood engravings, a selection of which were published by Bill Jay in his last issue as editor of Creative Camera.Jay had seen and was intrigued by the artworks each time he picked up <mask>'s copy for Album from his residence near the editorial offices and he published them accompanied by the art historian's request that they be printed without a text; "No text this time! Give them no titles. Let them open up those little doors to mystery which Redon talks about"

Later life
In 1969 <mask> joined The Open University, Milton Keynes, England, moving to Deanshanger 10 miles away. He stayed there, as Professor of Art History writing art history courses and pursuing personal research, until pressured out by other staff in 1982. Also in 1969, he visited the United States to deliver units on Photography in Modern Art and Seminar in Problems in the History of Photography for Stanford University's 1969 Summer School. From August 1972 he was a member of the photography committee of the Arts Council chaired by Barry Lane with Tristram Powell, a BBC producer; Marina Vaizey, Sunday Times art critic; Bill Gaskins, head of the

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 Audio-Visual Department at Sheffield Polytechnic; David Hurn of Magnum, Ron McCormick and Peter Turner, assistant editor of Creative Camera. The BBC’s landmark eight-part series Pioneers of Photography (1975) was fronted by <mask> and looked at the history and development of photography.<mask> had become ill and he and Marina moved to a farm at Briston, Melton Constable, Norfolk. In 1983 and semi-retired <mask> taught as a Visiting Lecturer in Photography in the Design Department at Norwich, even when ill and tired. Friends Chris Mullen and Tim Giles encouraged him to write his autobiography, which he wrote with the assistance of his wife Ruth and was published posthumously as Flak, concentrating on his experiences as an USAF pilot in the Second World War. He died on 21 January 1993, survived by his wife Marina and son Caleb, an astrophysicist. Curatorships
Summer Show 4, Serpentine Gallery, London, 1977, selected by <mask>, artists include Jane England, Heather Forbes, John Goto, Jim Harold, Paul Joyce, Chris Locke, Peter Mitchell et al. 1971 Royal Photographic Society exhibition: Masterpiece: An Exhibition of Photographs from The Collection of the Royal Photographic Society, an Arts Council touring exhibition that opened on 6 November 1971. <mask> also wrote a statement for the catalogue.Publications

Books, and Book Chapters

<mask>, A. (1965). Creative photography. London : Studio Vista ; New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold
 Sisley, Alfred & Scharf, <mask> (1966). Sisley. Knowledge Publications, London
 Sisley, Alfred (1966). Alfred Sisley.Purnell, Paulton, Nr. Bristol [Eng.] <mask>, A. (1968). Art and photography. London : Allen Lane. 34 editions published between 1963 and 1994 in 3 languages and held by 54 libraries worldwide
 Scharf, Aaron & Open University & BBC-TV (1970).The Image in the cloud. Open University and BBC TV, [Milton Keynes]
 <mask>, <mask>, "The shadowy world of Bill Brandt," introduction to Brandt, Bill & Scharf, <mask>, & Arts Council of Great Britain & Hayward Gallery & Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) (1970) Bill Brandt : photographs. Arts Council, London. Harvie, Christopher & Martin, Graham, (joint comp.) & Scharf, <mask>, (joint comp.) (1970). Industrialisation and culture, 1830-1914.Macmillan, London
 Bayley, Stephen, & Scharf, <mask>, & Open University (1971). Introduction to art. Open University Press, Bletchley
 Scharf, Aaron & Benton, Tim & Scharf, Aaron, & Open University. Arts Foundation Course Team (1971). Introduction to art. Open University Press, Bletchley (Walton Hall, Bletchley, Bucks.) Arts Council of Great Britain & Benton, Tim & Scharf, <mask>, & Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain (1971).Masterpiece, treasures from the collection of the Royal Photographic Society : (catalogue of an exhibition) 1971–72. Arts Council of Great Britain, (London)
Mucha, J., Henderson, M., & <mask>, A., & Mucha, A. M. (1971). Alphonse Mucha: Posters and photographs. London: Academy Ed. Scharf, Aaron & Open University. Arts Foundation Course Team (1971). Art and industry.Open University Press, Bletchley (Walton Hall, Bletchley, Bucks.) Edwards, Owain & Martin, Graham, & Scharf, <mask>, & Open University. Age of Revolutions Course Team (1972). Romanticism. Open University Press, Bletchley, Eng
 Scharf, Aaron & Scharf, <mask>, & Open University. Age of Revolutions Course Team (1972). Art and politics in France.Open University Press, Bletchley
Scharf, A., Coe, B., & Turner, A. (1974). Pioneers of photography: Episode 5. London: BBC Education and Training. Mucha, J., Henderson, M., & <mask>, A. (1974). Alphonse Mucha.London: Academy Editions. Mucha, Alphonse & Mucha, Jiří,  & Henderson, Marina & Scharf, <mask> (1974). Alphonse Mucha (Rev. enl. ed). St. Martin's Press, New York
 Benton, Tim & Benton, Charlotte & Scharf, Aaron, & Open University (1975). History of architecture and design 1890-1939.Units 15 and 16, Design 1920s : German design and the Bauhaus 1925-24 : Modernism and the decorative arts, Paris 1910-30. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
 Benton, Tim & Scharf, Aaron, & Benton, Charlotte & Open University (1975). Design 1920s. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
 Scharf, Aaron & Scharf, Aaron, & Open University (1975). The roots of modern art : [and], Charles Baudelaire, vanguard of modernism ; [and], Optimism and pessimism in late nineteenth-century literature and art. Open University Press, Milton Keynes [England]
 Benton, Tim & Open University (1975). The new objectivity: prepared for the course team by Tim Benton ; with contributions from Charlotte Benton, John Milner and <mask>.The Open University Press, Milton Keynes
 <mask>, A. (1976). Pioneers of photography: An album of pictures and words. New York: N. Abrams. <mask>, A., & Open University. (1976). The emerging of modern art in the early twentieth century.Milton Keynes: Open University Press. <mask>, <mask> & Open University (1976). A new beginning : primitivism and science in post-impressionist art ; Return to nature. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
Harvie, C. T., Martin, G., & <mask>, A. (1976). Industrialisation and culture 1830-1914. London: Macmillan for The Open University Press.Scharf, Aaron & Scharf, Aaron, & Open University (1976). A new beginning : primitivism and science in post-impressionist art ; Return to nature. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
Scharf, Aaron & Scharf, <mask>, & Open University (1976). The emerging of modern art in the early twentieth century. Open University Press, Milton Keynes [England]
Scharf, <mask>, & Arts Council of Great Britain & Serpentine Gallery (1977). Summer show 4 : the work of 23 photographers. Arts Council of Great Britain, London
 Scharf, A., & Open University.(1979). The Enlightenment: Unit 7. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Scharf, <mask> & Scharf, <mask>, & Open University (1979). William Hogarth. Open University Press, Milton Keynes [Buckinghamshire]
Hill, Paul, with a foreword by <mask> (1982). Approaching photography.London ; Boston : Focal Press. Enyeart, James & Monroe, Robert D & Stokes, Philip, with a foreword by <mask> (1982). Three classic American photographs : texts and contexts. University of Exeter, American Arts Documentation Centre, [Exeter, England]
Blake, Nigel & Harrison, Charles, & Norman, Di, & Open University, with additional material supplied by Francis Frascina, <mask> and Belinda Thompson. (1983). Impressionism and Degas. Open University Press, Milton Keynes
Ascolini, Vasco & Istituto di cultura Casa G. Cini, prefazione di <mask> Scharf.(1989). Vasco Ascolini : le fotografie per il teatro. Analisi, Bologna
<mask>, A. (1994). Arte y fotografía. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. Stangos, Nikos, <mask> <mask> (sections on Suprematism and Constructivism) (1994).Concepts of modern art : from fauvism to postmodernism (3rd ed., expanded and updated). Thames & Hudson, New York, N.Y
Scharf, A. (1996). FLAK. Briston: <mask>. Media
 Harvie, Christopher T & <mask>, <mask>. Whistler-Ruskin trial [sound recording] (1971).Industrialization and culture. Open University, Milton Keynes
 Scharf, Aaron & Coe, Brian & Turner, Ann & Grenfell, Joyce & British Broadcasting Corporation (1974). Pioneers of photography Episode 4, Famous men and fair women [video recording]. BBC Education and Training, London
 Scharf, Aaron & Coe, Brian & Turner, Ann & British Broadcasting Corporation (1974). Pioneers of photography Episode 7, The fleeting image [video recording]. BBC Education and Training, London
 Scharf, Aaron & Coe, Brian  & Turner, Ann (1974). Pioneers of photography Episode 8, Colour and the camera [video recording].BBC Education and Training, London

Journal Articles

 <mask>, <mask> (1989) 'Modernism; Photography; Art', History of Photography, 13:1, 95-102
 <mask>, <mask> (1977) 'One man's fiche ....', History of Photography, 1:4, 352–353. Review of British Masters of the Albumen Print, by Robert A. Sobieszek. International Museum of Photography at George Eastman House. University of Chicago Press (1976)
 <mask>, <mask> (1976). 'Marey and Chronophotography' Artforum, Vol. 15, No. 1 (September 1976)
 <mask>, <mask> (1963) 'The Art of Photography'.Review of Creative Photography. Aesthetic Trends 1839-1960 by Helmut Gernsheim. The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 105, No. 722 (May 1963), pp. 217–218
 <mask>, <mask> (1962). 'Painting, Photography, and the Image of Movement'.The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 104, No. 710 (May 1962), pp. 186+188-195
 Homer, W., & <mask>, A. (1962). Concerning Muybridge, Marey, and Seurat. The Burlington Magazine, 104(714), 391–393.Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/873738
 <mask>, <mask> (1961). 'Daumier the Painter'. The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 103, No. 701 (Aug. 1961), pp. 356–357+359

Notes and references

1922 births
1993 deaths
American art historians
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
People from Hampstead
Academics of the Open University
University of California alumni
Alumni of the Courtauld Institute of Art
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
British art historians
Historians of photography
People from North Norfolk (district)
United States Army Air Forces officers
Recipients of the Air Medal
20th-century American male writers
Photography academics
American emigrants to the

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<mask>, called <mask>, (25 November 1878 – 4 June 1945) was a German dramatist. Biography
<mask> was born in Magdeburg. He was highly prolific and wrote in a number of different styles. An Expressionist dramatist, he was, along with Gerhart Hauptmann, the most frequently performed playwright of the Weimar Republic. <mask>'s plays include The Burghers of Calais (1913), From Morning to Midnight (1912), and a trilogy, comprising The Coral (1917), Gas (1918), Gas II (1920). He died in Ascona, Switzerland, and was buried in Morcote near Lugano. Work
The Burghers of Calais (Die Bürger von Calais), written in 1913, was not performed until 1917.It was <mask>'s first success. The play is very dense linguistically, with its dialogue comprising numerous emotive monologues influenced by the Telegramstil poetics of August Stramm. Like <mask>'s other works of the period, it bears the mark of Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy, calling upon the modern individual to transcend mediocrity through extraordinary actions; the Expressionist 'New Man' became a commonplace of the genre. From Morn to Midnight, filmed by Karlheinz Martin in 1920, was written in 1912 and first performed in 1917. One of the most frequently performed works of German Expressionist theatre, its plot concerns a Cashier (played by Ernst Deutsch in Martin's film) in a small bank in W. (ostensibly Weimar) who is alerted to the power of money by the visit of a rich Italian lady. He embezzles 60,000 Marks and absconds to B. (Berlin) where he attempts to find transcendent experiences in sport, romance and religion, only to be ultimately frustrated.<mask>'s classic Expressionist plays, written just before and during World War I, often called for man to make a decisive break with the past, rejuvenating contemporary society. He eschewed characterization, and particularly character psychology, instead making his protagonists and other characters archetypes, employing highly anti-naturalistic dialogue often comprising lengthy individual speeches. <mask>'s drama Side by Side (Nebeneinander, 1923), a 'people's play' (Volksstück), premiered in Berlin on 3 November 1923, directed by Berthold Viertel with design by <mask>. With this play <mask> moved away from the Expressionism of his previous works. Utilizing a more rounded characterization and more realistic curt, comic dialogue to tell a light-hearted story of an idealistic pawnbroker caught up in the hyperinflation afflicting Germany at the time (the currency stabilization came a fortnight after the play opened), the play inaugurated the 'new sobriety' (Neue Sachlichkeit) in the drama. "<mask> has left the cloud that used to surround him," a review in the Weltbühne suggested, "and landed with both feet on the earth." <mask>'s plays, particularly From Morning to Midnight, were highly influential on the German dramatists operating during the 1920s, including Iwan Goll, Ernst Toller and Bertolt Brecht, who drew on <mask>'s use of revue-type scenes and parable, which was influenced by medieval and 16th-century German mystery plays.<mask> collaborated with the composer Kurt Weill on his one-act operas Der Protagonist (1926) and Der Zar lässt sich photographieren (1928), also Der Silbersee (1933). In his later years, he further developed his criticism of the modern machine age that had characterised the Gas trilogy. Imprisoned briefly in 1923 for stealing a loaf of bread during the hyper-inflationary crisis, <mask> fled to Switzerland when the Nazis came to power in the 1930s (<mask> went into exile in 1938). There he turned to writing verse dramas on mythological themes, including Pygmalion, Amphitryon, and Bellerophon, and a pacifist drama, The Soldier Tanaka (1940). The Raft of the Medusa (1945) is a play written in verse that reverses the ethos of The Burghers of Calais in a more pessimistic direction; to avoid bad luck, thirteen children on a life-raft drown the youngest of them. (See the frigate Méduse for the historical shipwreck and The Raft of the Medusa for its famous depiction in art.) Plays
 1914: Die Bürger von Calais (The Burghers of Calais)
 1916: Von Morgens bis Mitternachts
 1917: Die Koralle
 1918: Gas I
 1920: Gas II
 1923: Gilles und Johanna
 1928: Oktobertag
 1938: Die Gärtner von Toulouse
 1940: Alain und Elise

Selected filmography

Film adaptations
From Morn to Midnight (dir.Karlheinz Martin, 1920) — based on the play From Morning to Midnight
Women's Sacrifice (dir. Karl Grune, 1922) — based on the play Das Frauenopfer
The Farmer from Texas (dir. Joe May, 1925) — based on the play Kolportage
Hurrah! I Live! (dir. Wilhelm Thiele, 1928) — based on the play Der mutige Seefahrer
 (dir. Felix Basch, 1930) — based on the play Zwei Krawatten
The Valiant Navigator (dir.Hans Deppe, 1935) — based on the play Der mutige Seefahrer
The Ghost Comes Home (dir. Wilhelm Thiele, USA, 1940) — based on the play Der mutige Seefahrer
 (dir. Eduard von Borsody, 1948) — based on the story Der Flüchtling
Kolportage (dir. Hans Lietzau, 1957, TV film) — based on the play Kolportage
Napoleon in New Orleans (dir. , 1959, TV film) — based on the play Napoleon in New Orleans
Papiermühle (dir. , 1962, TV film) — based on the play Papiermühle
Kolportage (dir. Hans Jaray, , 1964, TV film) — based on the play Kolportage
Der Gärtner von Toulouse (dir.Falk Harnack, 1965, TV film) — based on the play Der Gärtner von Toulouse
Kolportage (dir. , 1968, TV film) — based on the play Kolportage
Kolportage (dir. Peter Weck, 1980, TV film) — based on the play Kolportage

Screenwriter
 Devoted Artists (dir. Erik Lund, 1919)
 Prince Cuckoo (dir. Paul Leni, 1919) — based on the novel Prinz Kuckuck by Otto Julius Bierbaum
 The Golden Lie (dir. Erik Lund, 1919)
 Alfred von Ingelheim's Dramatic Life (dir. Erik Lund, 1921) — based on the novel Alfred von Ingelheims Lebensdrama by
 The Conspiracy in Genoa (dir.Paul Leni, 1921) — based on the play Fiesco by Friedrich Schiller

Notes

References

1878 births
1945 deaths
Writers from Magdeburg
People from the Province of Saxony
German opera librettists
German expressionist dramatists and playwrights
Modernist theatre
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
German male dramatists and playwrights
German-language poets
German male poets

masks:
Friedrich Carl Georg Kaiser
Georg Kaiser
Kaiser
Georg Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
George Grosz
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser
Kaiser


texts:
<mask> (23 April 1945 - 4 February 2022) was an Australian musician, composer, singer, songwriter and lecturer. He was a member of the pop rock group the Twilights (1964 - 1969) as well as a solo performer and composer. The Twilights had eight consecutive national hit singles including "Needle in a Haystack" and "What's Wrong with the Way I Live". After the Twilights, Brideoake formally studied music and established himself as a multi-talented musician, composer and university lecturer. Brideoake, as a member of the Twilights, was inducted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame on 10 April 2015. Career

<mask> was born and educated in Adelaide, South Australia, on 23 April 1945. His musical career began as a rhythm guitarist and vocalist in popular Australian pop group the Twilights (1964 - 1969).At times, Brideoake co-wrote with Terry Britten and Glenn Shorrock. The Twilights officially broke up in 1969, but have played reunion or special concerts in 2000, 2002, 2011 and 2015. In 1969, Brideoake commenced studies in music composition at the University of Adelaide. Following his graduation with a Bachelor of Music (Hons) he began teaching harmony and modern composition techniques. From 1975, he was a career lecturer at the Elder Conservatorium of Music in Adelaide. After several periods of study in China, Brideoake became a proficient performer on the ancient Chinese zither (ch'in or guqin) instrument. In 1978, he was awarded the John Bishop Memorial Commission; other commissioned works have been composed for the Sydney String Quartet, the Australian Chamber Orchestra, the Seymour Group, the Victorian String Quartet and, more recently, by percussionist Ryszard Pusz.The Twilights

The musical career of Brideoake began in Adelaide, South Australia, as a rhythm guitarist and vocalist in the popular Australian pop group the Twilights (1964 - 1969) which reached the peak of their success in 1966. The Twilights consisted of Frank Barnard (drums 1964-65), Brideoake (rhythm guitar, vocals), Terry Britten (lead guitar, vocals), John Bywaters (bass, vocals), Clem "Paddy" McCartney (lead vocals), Laurie Pryor (drums 1965-69) and Glenn Shorrock (lead vocals). The Twilights earned acclaim for their body of recorded work, coupled with their status as arguably the most polished and accomplished Australian live act of the era. Twilight' discography

 June 1965* "I'll Be Where You Are" / *"I Don't Know Where The Wind Will Blow Me" (Columbia Records DO-4582)
 Oct  1965* "Come On Home" / *"Wanted To Sell" (Columbia DO-4610)
 Feb  1966* "If She Finds Out" / *"John Hardy" (Columbia DO-4658)
 May  1966  "Baby Let Me Take You Home" / "You've Really Got A Hold On Me" (Columbia DO-4685)
 June 1966  "Bad Boy" / "It's Dark" (Columbia DO-4698)
 Aug. 1966  "Needle in a Haystack" / "I Won't Be The Same Without Her" (Columbia DO-4717)
 Dec. 1966  "You Got Soul" / "Yes I Will" (Columbia DO-4742)
 Feb 1967** "What's Wrong With The Way I Live" / "**9.50" (Columbia DO-4764)
 May 1967** "Young Girl" / "Time & Motion Study Man" (Columbia DO-4787)
 1967 "Bowling Brings Out The Swinger In You" / "instr. version" (EMI Custom PRS 1736 – promo only)
 Nov 1967   "Cathy Come Home" / "The Way They Play" (Columbia DO-5030)
 May 1968   "Always" / "What A Silly Thing To Do" (Columbia DO-8361)
 Aug 1968   "Tell Me Goodbye" / "Comin' On Down" (Columbia DO 8448)
 Nov 1968   "Sand In The Sandwiches" *** / "Lotus" *** (Columbia DO-8602)

Singles produced by: David Mackay (producer)

Engineers: Roger Savage and David Page
Studios: Armstrong's Melbourne; AWA and EMI Sydney except:
First three singles self-produced in Adelaide *
Produced by Norman Smith at Abbey Road Studios London **
Produced by Howard Gable at Armstrong's Studios Melbourne ***

Supergroup project

Pastoral Symphony, a "supergroup" project, issued a one-time studio release which was executive-produced by Jimmy Stewart and produced by Geoffrey Edelsten. A substantial hit upon its initial release, it was re-released in a barely noticeable US remix form in 1977. Pastoral Symphony comprised the full Twilights lineup augmented by Terry Walker (The Strangers) on lead vocals, Ronnie Charles (The Groop) doing backup vocals; and the Johnny Hawker Orchestra.After the Twilights peak period (1964-1969), which included many recordings and performances (stage and television) around Australia, in New Zealand and the United Kingdom, the group disbanded and Brideoake returned to Adelaide in 1969. Beatles tribute concert
The Twilights reunited for a special Beatles tribute concert in Adelaide in 2000. "Long Way To The Top" concert tour
The Twilights reformed again for the hugely successful "Long Way To The Top" Australian concert tour in 2002. "Rock of Ages" concert
The surviving Twilights reunited for the all-star "Rock of Ages" concert promoted by Aztec Music at the Palais Theatre in St Kilda, Melbourne, in 2011. "Yesterday's Heroes" show
Brideoake and two other original members of the Twilights (John Bywaters and Paddy McCartney) were joined by guest singer / guitarist <mask> (Masters Apprentices) to perform "Needle In A Haystack" at "Yesterday's Heroes",  a various artists' show promoted by the Adelaide Music Collective in the Mortlock Chamber of the State Library on 9 February 2015 to coincide with a collection of Adelaide music memorabilia at the library. Education

Elder Conservatorium
After the Twilights main period (1964-1969), the band broke up and Brideoake returned to Adelaide. In 1969, he began studies in composition with Richard Meale at the Elder Conservatorium of Music at the University of Adelaide.Following his graduation with a Bachelor of Music (Hons) he began teaching harmony and modern composition techniques at the conservatorium. Academia

From 1975, Brideoake was a career lecturer at the Elder Conservatorium of Music in Adelaide for the next 27 years. As well as teaching in composition studies, he introduced a course in Chinese music as the result of an interest in the music, theatre and language of China. A special interest in an ancient Chinese zither (ch'in or guqin) meant that after several periods of study in China, he became a proficient performer on this instrument. In 1978, he was awarded the John Bishop Memorial Commission; other commissioned works have been composed for the Sydney String Quartet, the Australian Chamber Orchestra, the Seymour Group, the Victorian String Quartet and, more recently, by percussionist Ryszard Pusz. Music compositions

 Sonata for Flute and Piano (1969)
 Solo for 'Cello (1970)
 Music for Orchestra (1970)
 Composition for winds (1971)
 Gedatsu - solo guitar (1972)
 Music for Flute and Two Percussionists (1972)
 Chiaroscuro (1978)
 String Quartet No. 1 (1980)
 Interplay - two clarinets and harp (1981)
 Imager - string orchestra (1981)
 Shifting Reflections - chamber ensemble (1982)
 String Quartet No.2 (1986)
 Canto for Clarinet Alone (1987)
 Dialogue for Two - clarinet and percussion (1987)
 A Poet's Lament - soprano and piano (1988)

Songwriting
Brideoake co-wrote some songs with Terry Britten and Glenn Shorrock during the Twilights era.In 2015, <mask> co-wrote " Situation Not Normal", a song based on the kidnap for ransom of fellow Australian Warren Rodwell. Personal life

Brideoake lived in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, in south west China from 2002 to 2009 before returning to his hometown of Adelaide. References

External links

 National Library of Australia

1945 births
Living people
Australian soft rock musicians
Australian singer-songwriters
Musicians from Adelaide
The Twilights members
20th-century Australian male singers
21st-century Australian male singers
Australian male singer-songwriters

masks:
Peter Arthur Brideoake
Peter Brideoake
Peter Tilbrook
Peter Brideoake


texts:
<mask> (born March 16, 1948) is an American basketball coach, with one of the best records in the history of women's basketball. She is currently the head coach of the Rutgers University women's basketball team. Stringer is the first coach in NCAA history to lead three different women's programs to the NCAA Final Four: Rutgers in 2000 and 2007, the University of Iowa in 1993, and Cheyney State College (now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania) in 1982. She is the sixth winningest coach in women's basketball history. She was honored as the Naismith College Coach of the Year for women's basketball in 1993, and is a member of the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame. She was elected to the Basketball Hall of Fame in April 2009, and was inducted in September of that year. On February 26, 2013, Stringer won her 900th game, becoming only the fourth coach in women's basketball history to reach this mark, joining Summitt, Hatchell, and <mask>.Biography
Stringer is a native of Edenborn, Pennsylvania, and a member of the Alumni Hall of Fame at her alma mater. One of her first great accomplishments was in high school when she sued her school for not allowing her to be a cheerleader because of her race. She won the case and was given a spot on her school's cheerleading squad, being the first black cheerleader in her town since 1955–1958, when Dolores Dantzler was on the team. She is a graduate of Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania where she was a four sport athlete, participating in basketball, softball, volleyball, and field hockey. Stringer and her late husband, William D<mask>, whom she met as a student at Slippery Rock, have three children: David, Janine (Nina) and Justin. She has 5 siblings, Madalin Williams, Richelle Davis, Timothy Stoner, Jack Stoner, as well as Verna Fraizer. Coaching career

Stringer arrived at Rutgers in July 1995, after 23 years combined as head coach at Cheyney State and the University of Iowa.She stated in her autobiography that a major reason she took the coaching job at Rutgers was because she felt that her children were not learning enough about their culture or comfortable enough around fellow African Americans, due to the state of Iowa being an extremely white populated area. In 1998 her team posted its first 20-win season in four years (22–10), winning the Big East title with a 14–4 regular-season record. In the postseason, the Scarlet Knights advanced to the NCAA Tournament’s Sweet 16 with a 62–61 win against Iowa State. In 2000, her team went to the Final Four. In 2007, Rutgers again reached the NCAA Tournament's Final Four after upsetting #1 seed Duke. After the 2007 tournament, Stringer served as spokesperson for the Rutgers team during a media firestorm over a derogatory reference to the team made on the radio and television program Imus in the Morning. The Rutgers players eventually accepted an apology from talk-show host Don Imus.In the wake of the controversy, New York senator and presidential candidate <mask> also met with Stringer. In early March 2008, <mask>'s autobiography, titled Standing Tall : A Memoir of Tragedy and Triumph, was released through Crown Books. Also, on February 27, 2008, Stringer became the third women's basketball coach to win 800 career games. She led the Scarlet Knights to the Elite Eight in 2008 where they lost to fellow women's basketball powerhouse, the University of Connecticut. For the 2008–09 season, five McDonald's All-Americans have been recruited by Stringer to play at Rutgers. In 2018, she won her 1,000th game as a Rutgers coach, which made her the first African-American college basketball coach to win 1,000 games. Awards and honors
In recognition of her many accomplishments and service to the game, <mask> was inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame on June 9, 2001.She was honored with the degree of Honorary Doctor of Humanities from Howard University on May 10, 2008, the university's 140th commencement address. She was also inducted as an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority on July 15, 2008 during the sorority's Centennial Ball in Washington, DC. Stringer has been named the National Coach of the Year three times (Wade Trophy, 1982; <mask>, 1988; and Naismith, 1993) by her peers. She also was named the 1988 Russell Athletic/WBCA National Coach of the Year, the 1993 Coach of the Year by Sports Illustrated, USA Today, <mask>, the Los Angeles Times and the Black Coaches Association; the 2000 Female Coach of the Year by the Rainbow/PUSH Organization, a group founded by Rev. Jesse Jackson; the District V Coach of the Year in 1985, 1988 and 1993; the District I Coach of the Year in 1998; the Big Ten Coach of the Year in 1991 and 1993; the BIG EAST Coach of the Year in 1998 and 2005; and the 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2005 Metropolitan Basketball Writers Association Coach of the Year. One of her most personally-gratifying accolades is the 1993 <mask> Award, which acknowledges the coach most demonstrating spirit, courage, integrity, commitment, leadership and service to the game of women’s basketball. A finalist for the Naismith National Coach-of-the-Year Award five times during her tenure at Rutgers, Stringer was honored by the U.S. Sports Academy when the organization decided to name its annual women's coaching award in her honor.The C. <mask>er Medallion Award of Sport for Women’s Coaching was handed out for the first time in July 2002. In 2003, she was recognized by Sports Illustrated as one of the "101 Most Influential Minorities in Sports," and during the summer of 2004 she received the Black Coaches Association's Lifetime Achievement Award. In addition to her extensive collegiate experience, Stringer also has successfully tested herself in the international arena. An assistant coach for the gold-medal 2004 U.S. Olympic Team, her first USA Basketball experience came as an assistant for the bronze-medal 1980 USA Jones Cup Team. Stringer also has had extensive head-coaching experience in the national program, leading the 1982 U.S. Olympic Festival East Team to a bronze medal, the 1985 U.S. World University Games Team (Kobe, Japan) to a silver, the 1989 U.S. World Championship Qualifying Team (São Paulo, Brazil) to a gold and a qualification for the following year’s FIBA World Championship, and the 1991 Pan American Games Team (Havana, Cuba) to a bronze medal. A noted administrator, Stringer was one of the key players in the development of the Women's Basketball Coaches Association. She served as a voting member of the WBCA Board of Directors, the Amateur Basketball Association of the United States and the Nike Coaches Advisory Board.In the past, Stringer has served as a member of the Kodak All-America Selection Committee and was elected to the Women’s Sports Foundation Advisory Board. In 2006, she was inducted into the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame. The C. Vivian Stringer Child Development Center was dedicated on Tuesday, September 9, 2008. The ceremony took place at Nike World Headquarters on the Nike campus in Beaverton, Oregon. The Stringer Center, a  facility, opened in June 2008. The center houses 26 classrooms, providing care, learning and development for approximately 300 children between the ages of six months and five years old. The Nike campus buildings pay tribute to some of the world's best athletes and coaches.Some of the athletes honored include John McEnroe, Joan Benoit Samuelson, Michael Jordan, Mike Schmidt, Nolan Ryan, Lance Armstrong, Mia Hamm, Ken Griffey, Jr., Pete Sampras, Jerry Rice and Tiger Woods. Stringer is the third woman, the second coach, and the first African-American woman to have a building named after her on Nike's campus. On April 6, 2009 it was officially announced that she has been inducted to the Hall of Fame with Michael Jordan, John Stockton, David Robinson and long-time Utah Jazz coach Jerry Sloan. The 2009 inductees were officially enshrined to the Basketball Hall of Fame on September 11, 2009, in Springfield, Massachusetts. USA Basketball
Stringer was chosen as the assistant coach of the team representing the US in 1980 at the William Jones Cup competition in Taipei, Taiwan. The team started out strong, winning their first three games. Then they faced the Republic of China – Blue team, who beat the USA 86–81.They won their next fours games, including a close match against the undefeated Republic of China – White team, which they won 84–82, and a rematch against the Blue team, which they won 66–62. With a 4–0 record in medal round play, they simply had to beat their last opponent, South Korea, who had a 3~1 record, to win the gold. However, South Korea won the game 90–79. The Republic of China – White also won. leaving three teams tied with 4–1 records. The tie-breaker was point differential, and this left the USA team with the bronze medal. Mary Ostrowski and Valerie Still made the All-Tournament Team.<mask> was named the head coach of the team representing the US at the World University Games held in Kobe, Japan in July 1985. The team won their three preliminary games with ease, beating the People's Republic of Korea, Yugoslavia and Great Britain by more than 25 points each. Their next game, against China, was much closer, but the USA team had balanced scoring, with five players in double figures for points, and won 83–78. The USA team played Canada in the semifinal, and again had five players with double-digit scoring, winning 85–61 to advance to the gold medal game against the USSR. The USA fell behind by as much as 18 points in the second half. They attempted a comeback, and cut the margin, but the USSR hit almost 55% of their shots and went on to claim the gold medal 87–81. The USA received the silver medal.<mask> was the leading scorer and rebounder for the USA team with 17.3 points and 7.7 rebounds per game. Film: This Is a Game, Ladies
Stringer and the entire Rutgers team were the subject of the 2004 documentary: This Is a Game, Ladies that followed the team during the 2000–2001 season. The film was by directed by Peter Schnall and aired on PBS. Head coaching record
Sources:

See also
List of college women's basketball coaches with 600 wins

References

Bibliography

 <mask>, C. <mask> and Tucker, Lauren (2009)  Standing Tall: A Memoir of Tragedy and Triumph. Crown/Archetype Publishing. .
 Encyclopeida.com-Contemporary Black Biography COPYRIGHT Thomas Gale

External links
 Rutgers profile

1948 births
Living people
African-American basketball coaches
American women's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
College women's basketball players in the United States
Educators from Pennsylvania
American women educators
Iowa Hawkeyes women's basketball coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Fayette County, Pennsylvania
Rutgers Scarlet Knights women's basketball coaches
Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania alumni
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American women

masks:
Charlaine Vivian Stringer
Jody Conradt
. Stringer
Hillary Clinton
Stringer
Stringer
Converse
Converse
Carol Eckman
Vivian String
Stringer
Katrina McClain
Stringer
Vivian


texts:
<mask> (born 11 November 1940) is a German military historian and peace researcher. He is an author or editor of over 40 books on the history of Nazi Germany, including the seminal Germany and the Second World War series from the German Military History Research Office (MGFA). <mask>'s published book, The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality has been translated into five languages and deals with the issue of Wehrmacht criminality during World War II and the legend of its "clean hands". In 2015, <mask> was a recipient of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, the only federal honour awarded to German citizens for exceptional achievements. Education and career
From 1971 to 1995 <mask> worked at the Military History Research Office (MGFA). Afterwards, he was a professor of history at the University of Freiburg. <mask> was a co-founder of the Historical Peace Research Working Group (Arbeitskreis Historische Friedens- und Konfliktforschung e.V.).He was a member of the municipal council of Freiburg from 1980 to 1989 as a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, and was also the chairman of the SPD parliamentary group and the SPD city association chairman. Historian of Nazi Germany
<mask> is an author or editor of forty books on the history of Nazi Germany, including the Wehrmacht (armed forces), its leadership and its relationship with Nazism. <mask>'s works explored topics that at the time of their publication were considered taboo or not widely discussed in Germany, such as desertion, treason and aid to victims of the Nazi regime from military personnel. Despite thousands of executions for "undermining of military morale", <mask>'s research has shown that only three Wehrmacht servicemen were executed for helping Jews. <mask> explored the topic in his book Feldwebel Anton Schmid: Ein Held der Humanität [Feldwebel Anton Schmid: A Hero of Humanity]. The book told the story of Anton Schmid, who aided Jews confined to the Vilna Ghetto. He was sentenced to death by his military superiors and executed in 1942.Because of the controversial nature of <mask>'s work, he has received death threats. The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality

<mask>'s 2002 book Die Wehrmacht. Feindbilder, Vernichtungskrieg, Legenden [The Wehrmacht: Images of the Enemy, War of Extermination, Legends] was published in 2006 in English as The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality by Harvard University Press. Building on Omer Bartov's 1985 study The Eastern Front, 1941–1945: German Troops and the Barbarisation of Warfare, the book deconstructs the myth of the clean Wehrmacht. According to The Atlantic, it shows that "the Wehrmacht—and not, as postwar accounts by German generals would have it, merely the SS—freely and even eagerly joined in murder and genocide, which were central, rather than incidental, features of its effort". The book complements the earlier studies that focused on the average Landser (soldier) and also discusses the complicity of the highest levels of the Wehrmacht. Reviewing the work, the historian Geoffrey P. Megargee notes that "until Wette's work, there was no concise, general survey on the Wehrmacht's crimes, at least for an English-speaking audience.Thus, his work fills a significant gap in the literature". The review goes on to criticize the book for omitting key areas, according to Megargee, for assessing the Wehrmacht's criminality, including the murder of more than 3 million Soviet prisoners of war, the Bandenbekämpfung (bandit-fighting) doctrine of carrying out counter-insurgency warfare with maximum brutality, and criminal orders, such as the Commissar Order. Awards
 2015: Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

Selected works

In English
 With Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann: Germany and the Second World War, Volume I: The Build-up of German Aggression. Oxford University Press,
 The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2007,

In German
 Kriegstheorien deutscher Sozialisten. Marx, Engels, Lassalle, Bernstein, Kautsky, Luxemburg. Ein Beitrag zur Friedensforschung.Kohlhammer, Stuttgart u. a. 1971, . With Wilhelm Deist, Manfred Messerschmidt, Hans-Erich Volkmann: Ursachen und Voraussetzungen der deutschen Kriegspolitik (= Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg. Bd. 1). Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1979; aktualisierte Taschenbuchausgabe: Ursachen und Voraussetzungen des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1989,
 With Gerd R. Ueberschär: Bomben und Legenden.Die schrittweise Aufklärung des Luftangriffs auf Freiburg am 10. Mai 1940. Ein dokumentarischer Bericht. Rombach, Freiburg im Breisgau 1981, . Gustav Noske. Eine politische Biographie. Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, .Militarismus und Pazifismus. Auseinandersetzung mit den deutschen Kriegen. Donat, Bremen 1991, . Die Wehrmacht. Feindbilder, Vernichtungskrieg, Legenden. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2002,  (translated in English, French, Spanish, Polish)
 Militarismus in Deutschland. Geschichte einer kriegerischen Kultur.Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt a.M. 2011, . Gustav Noske und die Revolution in Kiel 1918 (= Sonderveröffentlichungen der Gesellschaft für Kieler Stadtgeschichte Bd. 64.) Boyens, Heide 2010, . Karl Jäger. Mörder der litauischen Juden. Fischer Taschenbuch, Frankfurt am Main 2011, .Feldwebel Anton Schmid: Ein Held der Humanität. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2013, . Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt! Täter, Widerständler und Retter (1939–1945) (= Schriftenreihe Geschichte & Frieden. Bd. 24). Donat, Bremen 2014, .References

Citations

Sources

External links
The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality: official page at the Harvard University Press web site. "Will Germany Finally Rehabilitate Nazi-Era 'Traitors'? ", review of The Last Taboo (2009) by <mask> <mask> and Detlef Vogel, Stern Online (in English)

20th-century German historians
1940 births
German military historians
Historians of World War II
German male non-fiction writers
Military History Research Office (Germany) personnel
Living people
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

masks:
Wolfram Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wette
Wolfram
Wette


texts:
<mask>'Grady (; 18 September 1846 – 18 May 1928) was an Irish author, journalist, and historian. O'Grady was inspired by Sylvester O'Halloran and played a formative role in the Celtic Revival, publishing the tales of Irish mythology, as the History of Ireland: Heroic Period (1878), arguing that the Gaelic tradition had rival only from the tales of Homeric Greece. O'Grady was a paradox for his times, proud of his Gaelic heritage, he was also a member of the Church of Ireland, a champion of aristocratic virtues (particularly decrying bourgeois values and the uprooting cosmopolitanism of modernity) and at one point advocated a revitalised Irish people taking over the British Empire and renaming it the Anglo-Irish Empire. O'Grady's influence crossed the divide of the Anglo-Irish and Irish-Ireland traditions in literature. His influence was explicitly stated by the Abbey Theatre set with Lady Gregory, W. B. Yeats and George William Russell attributing their interest in the Fenian Cycle of Gaelic tradition in part to him. Some of the figures associated with the political party Sinn Féin, including its founder Arthur Griffith, had positive things to say about his efforts in helping to retrieve from the past the Gaelic heroic outlook. Family
His father was the Reverend Thomas O'Grady, the scholarly Church of Ireland minister of Castletown Berehaven, County Cork, and his mother Susanna Doe (or Dowe).<mask> O'Grady's childhood home – the Glebe – lies a mile west of Castletownbere near a famine mass grave and ruined Roman Catholic chapel. He was a cousin of <mask> Hayes O'Grady, another noted figure in Celtic literature, and of <mask> O'Grady, 1st Viscount Guillamore. He married Margaret Allen Fisher, daughter of William Allen Fisher and had three sons. Advised to move away from Ireland for the sake of his health, he passed his later years living with his eldest son, a clergyman in England, and died on the Isle of Wight. His eldest son, Hugh Art O'Grady, was for a time editor of the Cork Free Press before he enlisted in the Great War early in 1915. He became better known as Dr Hugh O'Grady, later Professor of the Transvaal University College, Pretoria (later the University of Pretoria), who wrote the biography of his father in 1929. After a rather severe education at Tipperary Grammar School, <mask> <mask>'Grady followed his father to Trinity College, Dublin, where he won several prize medals and distinguished himself in several sports.Career
He proved too unconventional of mind to settle into a career in the church, and took a job as a schoolmaster at Midleton College, then in a period of expansion. He also qualified as a barrister, while earning much of his living by writing for the Irish newspapers. Reading Sylvester O'Halloran's "General history of Ireland" sparked an interest in early Irish history. After an initial lukewarm response to his writing on the legendary past in "History of Ireland: Heroic Period" (1878–81) and "Early Bardic Literature of Ireland" (1879), he realised that the public wanted romance, and so followed the example of <mask> in recasting Irish legends in literary form, producing historical novels including "Finn and his Companions" (1891), "The Coming of Cuculain" (1894), "The Chain of Gold" (1895), "Ulrick the Ready" (1896) and "The Flight of the Eagle" (1897), and "The Departure of Dermot" (1913). He also studied Irish history of the Elizabethan period, presenting in his edition of Sir Thomas Stafford's "Pacata Hibernia" (1896) the view that the Irish people had made the Tudors into kings of Ireland to overthrow their unpopular landlords, the Irish chieftains. His "The Story of Ireland" (1894) was not well received, as it shed too positive a light on the rule of Oliver Cromwell for the taste of many Irish readers. He was also active in social and political campaigns in connection with such issues as unemployment and taxation.Until 1898, he worked as a journalist for the Daily Express of Dublin, but in that year, finding Dublin journalism in decline, he moved to Kilkenny to become editor of the Kilkenny Moderator, which was printed at number 28 High Street. It was here he became involved with Ellen Cuffe, Countess of Desart and Captain Otway Cuffe. He engaged in the revival of the local woollen and woodworking industries. In 1900 he founded the All-Ireland Review, and returned to Dublin to manage it until it ceased publication in 1908. O'Grady contributed to <mask>' The Irish Worker paper. O'Grady's works were an influence on WB Yeats and George Russell and this led to him being known as the "Father of the Celtic Revival". Being as much proud of his family's Unionism and Protestantism as of his Gaelic Irish ancestry – identities that were increasingly seen as antithetical in the late 1800s – he was described by Augusta, Lady Gregory as a "fenian unionist".

masks:
Standish James O
Standish
Standish
Standish
Standish
James O
James Macpherson
James Larkins


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<mask> FACS is Associate Professor of Surgery at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, as well as cofounder and director of the Dubin Breast Center at the Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai Health System, since 2010. She has received four research grants, has served as an investigator or co-investigator on 15 clinical trials, published 44 peer-reviewed articles, and published a total of 12 book chapters and books. She has specialized in sentinel-node biopsy, a diagnostic method that determines cancer stages based on spread to regional lymph nodes, nipple sparing mastectomy, and the use of MRI for breast cancer. Biography

<mask> was born in New York City and grew up in San Diego, majored in French and Spanish at Dartmouth College (1986), received her MD at Mount Sinai School of Medicine (1992), performed an internship at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, general surgery residencies at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, and a research fellowship at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (1994-1996), where she was a staff breast cancer surgeon from 1999 to 2010. In 2010 she co-founded the Dubin Breast Center at Mount Sinai. She is among a group of surgical oncologists like Laura J. Esserman, who challenges the one-size-fits-all approach to treatment. In a 2015 New York Times profile, Esserman's approach to screening and when and how it should be applied to those at risk for breast cancer was framed as being slow to receive acceptance in the medical community.Esserman is not without supporters and researchers like <mask>, who was quoted in the same article: "Laura is one of the people who's actively engaged in research in this area and will help us push the field forward to determine whether or not there is a group of people for whom surveillance will be appropriate." This approach to diagnostics and treatment is highlighted in <mask>'s The New Generation Breast Cancer Book. <mask> is frequently sourced in media, including NPR, The New York Times, television news networks, and digital and print magazines. She is married to Jeffrey L<mask>, a thoracic surgeon at Weill Cornell Medicine/NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital. They have two children. Research

Port has published a large body of work on sentinel-node diagnostics, used to determine a patient's cancer stage, and researched PET scanning for pre-operative assessment of breast cancer. She conducted a Phase I study, in collaboration with Andrew Jess Dannenberg and Clifford Hudis at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, on the inhibition of the enzymes COX-2 and aromatase in breast cancer and mechanisms of its drug resistance.Port's current research work involves a collaboration with Hanna Irie on triple negative breast cancer. Their work is aimed at better understanding and treatments of triple negative breast cancer and mechanisms of its drug resistance. Other recent work addresses the benefits of screening mammography. With collaborators, the work has shown that patients who undergo mammograms are less likely to require more aggressive surgical or medical treatments as a result of early detection. She has been a vocal critic of the current United States Preventive Services Task Force guideline that now classifies mammograms as optional for women between 40 and 49 years of age. According to Julie Margenthaler, a breast surgeon with the Washington University School of Medicine and Chair of the ASBrS Communication Committee, the controversy appears to be a result of conflicting data from studies, as well as a focus on incidence rates, possibly without placing equal value on the stage of a patient's cancer when first diagnosed. Regarding this debate, <mask> co-authored a New York Times op-ed titled "Why the Annual Mammogram Matters".Port's funding has come in part from the Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, the Breast Cancer Research Foundation, a Breast Cancer Alliance Exceptional Project Grant, and the National Institutes of Health. Professional affiliations
American Society of Breast Diseases, 2001–present
American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2002–present
Society of Surgical Oncology, 2002–present
American College of Surgeons, 2003–present
New York Metropolitan Breast Cancer Group, 2005–present
Society of Surgical Oncology Membership Committee, 2011–present
Breast Cancer Alliance Medical Advisory Board, 2012–present
Medical Advisory Board of Women's Voices for Change, 2012–present
New York Surgical Society, 2012–present

Honors and awards
Mother of the Year Award, American Cancer Society, 2013

Publications

Articles
Partial list of peer-reviewed articles:

 Simon Fitzgerald, Anya Romanoff, Almog Cohen, Hank Schmidt, Christina Weltz, Ira J. Bleiweiss, Shabnam Jaffer, <mask> R. <mask>, "Close and Positive Lumpectomy Margins are Associated with Similar Rates of Residual Disease with Additional Surgery". Annals of Surgical Oncology, December 2016, Volume 23, Issue 13, pp 4270–4276
 Anup Sood, Alexandra M. Miller, Edi Brogi, Yunxia Sui, Joshua Armenia, Elizabeth McDonough AlbertoSantamaria-Pang, Sean Carlin, Aleksandra Stamper, Carl Campos, Zhengyu Pang, Qing Li, <mask> <mask>, Thomas G. Graeber, Nikolaus Schultz, Fiona Ginty, Steven M. Larson, and Ingo K. Mellinghoff. "Multiplexed immunofluorescence delineates proteomic cancer cell states associated with metabolism". Journal of Clinical Investigation, e87030, May 5, 2016
 William M. Sikov, Donald A. Berry, Charles M. Perou, Baljit Singh, Constance T. Cirrincione, Sara M. Tolaney, Charles S. Kuzma, Timothy J. Pluard, George Somlo, Elisa R. Port, Mehra Golshan, Jennifer R. Bellon, Deborah Collyar, Olwen M. Hahn, Lisa A. Carey, Clifford A. Hudis, Eric P. Winer. "Impact of the addition of carboplatin and/or bevacizumab to neoadjuvant weekly paclitaxel followed by dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide on pathologic complete response rates in Stage II-III triple-negative breast cancer: CALGB 40603 (Alliance)". Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2014.Schmidt H., <mask>. "Commentary on Kaur et al. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Previous Ipsilateral Complete Axillary Lymph Node Dissection". Breast Diseases: A Year Book Quarterly, 2012; 23(1):72-73. Palaskas N., Larson S., Schultz N., Komisopoulou E., Wong D., Rohle D., Campos C., Yannuzzi N., Osborne J., Linkov I., Kastenhuber E., Taschereau  R., Plaisier S.B., Tran C., Heguy A., Wu H., Sander C., Phelps M.E., Brennan C.W., <mask>.R., Huse J.T., Graeber T.G. "18F-fluorodeoxy-glucose Positron Emission Tomography (18FDG-PET) Marks Basal-Like Human Breast Cancer with MYC Overexpression". AACR 2011 March 17. <mask> E.R., Patil S., Stempel M., Morrow M., Cody H.S."The Number of Nodes Removed in Sentinel Node-Negative Breast Cancer Patients is Significantly Related to Patient Age and Tumor Size: A New Source of Bias in Morbidity Assessment?" Cancer 2010 Feb 11 (Epub ahead of print). Chung A., Schoder H., Sampson M., Morrow M., <mask> E.R. "Incidental Breast Lesions Identified by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography". Ann Surg Oncol 2010 Feb 17 (Epub ahead of print). Garwood E.R., Kumar A.S., Baehner F.L., Moore D.H., Au A., Flowers C., Troyan S., Garber J., Olopade O., Hylton N., <mask>.R., Campbell M.C., Esserman L.J. "Fluvastatin reduces proliferation and increases apoptosis in women with high grade breast cancer".Breast Can Res Treat 2010;119(1):137-144. Karam A.K., Hsu M., Patil S., Stempel M., Traina T.A., Ho A.Y., Cody H.S., <mask> E.R., Morrow M., Gemignani M.L. "Predictors of completion axillary lymph node dissection in patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes". Ann Surg Oncol 2009 Jul;16(7):1952-8. Disa J.J., Port E.R. "More than 200,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2008". Cancer J.2008 Jul-Aug; 14(4):214-5. Books and book chapters

Partial list:

 The New Generation Breast Cancer Book: How to Navigate Your Diagnosis and Treatment Options-and Remain Optimistic-in an Age of Information Overload, Ballantine Books, 2015
 Port, ER. Chapter 17: "Commentary – Breast Cancer Therapeutics". In: Silberman H., Silberman A.W. (eds). Principles and Practice of Surgical Oncology, 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2010:356.Port E.R., Morris E.A. Chapter 35: "Breast MRI". In: Kuerer H.M. (ed). Kuerer's Breast Surgical Oncology, 1st ed. McGraw Hill, New York, 2009

See also
Breast cancer
Surgical oncology
Cancer

References

External links
European Society of Surgical Oncology
Dubin Breast Center
ABC News, "Breast Reconstruction's Modern Look"
YouTube, "Dr. <mask> <mask> Discusses Use of Supplements During Breast Cancer Treatment"
"The New Generation Breast Cancer Book"
"How to find the best breast cancer info"
USNews, "How to Talk to Your Child About Breast Cancer"

Living people
American women physicians
American oncologists
People from San Diego
Scientists from New York City
Cancer researchers
Dartmouth College alumni
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai faculty
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women academics
21st-century American women

masks:
Elisa Rush Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
. Port
Port
Elisa
Port
Elisa
Port
Port E
Port E
Port
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Port E
Port
Elisa
Port


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<mask>  (5 October 1875 – 18 March 1938) was an English composer, educator and organist. His work at Cambridge University made him an influential figure in English music life. A Fellow of St John's College, where he was also organist, <mask> ran the Cambridge University Musical Society, whose innovative concert programming helped form English musical tastes of the time. One of his students was the younger composer Arthur Bliss, who valued his tuition in orchestration. <mask>'s own compositions include two symphonies and several smaller orchestral pieces, an opera, chamber music, and many choral settings. Among his solo songs are some settings of verses by Siegfried Sassoon which were made in co-operation with the poet. Biography
<mask> was born in Redland, Bristol, to <mask> and <mask> (née Gimblett Evans).His father was a well-known singing teacher whose students included Clara Butt, Eva Turner and Elsie Griffin, and he was also a director of the Bristol Madrigal Society. After attending Bristol Grammar School, <mask> initially entered St John's College, Cambridge, as a sizar in 1894 to study classics. Graduation in 1897 was followed by a second bachelor's degree, this time in music, which he completed in 1900. Rootham continued his musical education at the Royal College of Music where he studied under Marmaduke Barton, Walter Parratt, Hubert Parry and Charles Villiers Stanford, among others. <mask>'s first professional appointment was as organist of Christ Church, Hampstead, where in 1898 he succeeded the composer Walford Davies. This was followed by a brief period as organist at St Asaph Cathedral in north Wales in 1901. In the same year, <mask> was appointed organist at St John's College, Cambridge, a post he held until the end of his life.In 1909, Rootham married Rosamond Margaret Lucas who supplied him with support and encouragement. Rosamond was put in charge of the costume making at the CUMS concerts, and the Rootham household was always filled with whatever clothes were needed for a new performance. Their son Jasper St <mask> was born in 1910. In 1912, <mask> became conductor of the Cambridge University Musical Society (CUMS). Under his enterprising leadership and programming, the CUMS exerted a significant influence on English musical life of the time. Rootham revived Handel oratorios, Mozart operas and other currently neglected works by Purcell and others. E. J. Dent and others are usually credited with the textual preparation, but Rootham was responsible for their musical success.The CUMS concerts also promoted modern music such as Zoltán Kodály's Psalmus Hungaricus, Arthur Honegger's Le roi David and Ildebrando Pizzetti's 'Mass and Piano concerto, all led by <mask>. In 1930 <mask> invited several contemporary composers to the concert; Manuel de Falla, Kodály and Honegger attended, as did Kathleen Long. <mask>'s genial manner and enviable physique (as a student he had excelled in athletics) made him highly popular amongst students. This popularity helped the success of the CUMS concerts, all of which were largely extracurricular. In 1914 <mask> had become a Fellow of St John's after taking over the post of University Lecturer in Form and Analysis of Music. In 1924 he was made Senior Lecturer in Counterpoint and Harmony. Rootham was also a much appreciated teacher of orchestration.His many students included Arthur Bliss, Arnold Cooke, Christian Darnton, Armstrong Gibbs, Patrick Hadley, Walter Leigh, Basil Maine,  Robin Orr, Bernard Stevens and Percy Young. As much as he promoted the works of other composers, <mask> did relatively little to push his own compositions into the repertoire. He conducted the first performance of his opera The Two Sisters in 1922 and three years earlier his own setting of Laurence Binyon's For the Fallen (which sparked a controversy as Elgar's setting of the same poem was published shortly after <mask>'s, though neither composer was individually responsible for starting the dispute). <mask>'s continued involvement with the CUMS included a performance of Handel's Semele and the revival of the tradition of triennial performances of Greek plays with newly composed music, a tradition which continued even after his death. Later in his life <mask> was plagued by illness. On developing progressive muscular atrophy following a stroke his active involvement in the CUMS was left to Boris Ord (from 1936). He completed a few works including City in the West and his three movement Second Symphony, the orchestration for which was completed by his close friend Patrick Hadley.<mask> died in 1938, aged sixty-two, while still at the height of his creative powers. Music

Despite his many activities outside composition, <mask> was able to produce a musical catalogue that included an opera, two symphonies, several smaller orchestral pieces, chamber music and various choral works. Rootham regarded music with the utmost seriousness but never considered it a luxury to be confined to certain people. This might explain why he never completely broke with tradition; his music has a slight influence from Stanford and especially Parry. A presence of modalism can be found in much of his music as well as, in the later works, harmonic parallelism and bitonality. His harmonies with their unexpected twists and bitonalities, could be criticised for a lack of spontaneity and he is sometimes in danger of repeating himself but if this is the case then <mask>'s masterly handling of the orchestra, of which sir Arthur Bliss praised Rootham as a brilliant teacher, certainly makes up for any constructional shortcomings. Favourite teaching examples included Mozart and Rimsky-Korsakov, and there is indeed a Russian love of primary colours in some of <mask>'s work.Elsewhere the influence from Kodaly can be detected, especially in the glittering orchestral textures in <mask>'s Psalm of Adonis from 1931. <mask>'s later works show inspiration from both Delius and Vaughan Williams (whose opera The Poisoned Kiss Rootham premiered), and bear evidence of a progression in his music. Though he acknowledged the English folksong revival he never directly involved himself in the movement, and he avoided many of the musical clichés identified by Constant Lambert in "Music Ho!". Nevertheless, the subject matter of his opera, The Two Sisters, is based on a version of the well-known folk ballad "The Twa Sisters" and opens with an unaccompanied rendition of six verses instead of an overture. Henry Colles recognised <mask>'s style as "vigorous and genial", reflecting his personality. The Symphony no. 1 in C minor epitomises this musical vigour, especially the first and last movements which Arthur Hutchings considers to contain <mask>'s most characteristic music.Another Rootham trademark evident in the symphony is his almost vocal writing for brass. His refined string writing is showcased in the Rhapsody on the old English tune Lazarus. <mask> was in his element when writing for chorus and voice. <mask>'s first significant compositions were vocal. It has been said that Stanford, when <mask> studied under him at the RCM, once grunted: "You can write for voices, me boy". His talent at combining words and music in masterly choral settings led Colles  to write: "The stimulus of words brings out the more delicate and poetic qualities and gives distinction to his music".The Stolen Child, Ode on the Morning of Christ's Nativity and City in the West (a poem by his son Jasper) are among his finest achievements. Selected works

Stage
Op.55 The two sisters, opera in three acts (1918–21), based on the ballad "The twa sisters o' Binnorie" – libretto by Marjory Fausset

Orchestral
Op.8 Four Impressions (Killarney), miniatures for violin and small orchestra (1900)
Op.36 A Passerby, rhapsody after Robert Bridges (1910)
Op.42 Pan, rhapsody for orchestra (1912)
Op.57 The Two Sisters, concert overture for orchestra (1918)
Op.60 Processional for the Chancellor's Music, for full orchestra (1920)
Op.67 Rhapsody on "Lazarus", for double string orchestra (1922)
Op.82 St. John's Suite, for small orchestra (1929–30)
Op.84 Psalm of Adonis, for orchestra (1931)
Op.86 Symphony no.1 in C minor (1932)
Op.97 Symphony no. 475 p.
 Enid Bird: 20th century English cathedral organists, E.Bird (Aug 1990) 96 p.,
 Wolfgang Suppan, Armin Suppan: Das Neue Lexikon des Blasmusikwesens, 4. Auflage, Freiburg-Tiengen, Blasmusikverlag Schulz GmbH, 1994,
 Kenneth  Shenton: <mask> <mask>, in: Journal of the British Music Society. 7 (1985), pp 30–37. W.J. Smith: Five centuries of Cambridge musicians 1464-1964, Cambridge: W. Heffer, 1964, 75 p.
 Percy A. Scholes: The mirror of music 1844-1944 - A century of musical life in Britain as reflected in the pages of The Musical Times, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1948, 2 vols
 A. J. B. Hutchings: The Music of <mask> <mask>, in: The Musical Times, Vol.79, No. 1139 (Jan. 1938), pp 17–22
 Frederick W. Thornsby, John Henry Burn: Dictionary of organs and organists, Second edition, London: Geo. Aug. Mate, 1921, 476 p.

External links
 <mask> website - catalogue of works with opus numbers, reviews of CDs, recent concerts, playlist, articles
 Catalogue of works and an article by John France on musicweb-international.com
 Papers of <mask> <mask> – a list by the Janus Project

1875 births
1938 deaths
British male organists
English composers
English classical organists
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
People educated at Bristol Grammar School
Musicians from Bristol

masks:
Cyril Bradley Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Daniel Wilberforce Rootham
Mary Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
John Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Rootham
Cyril Bradley
Rootham
Cyril Bradley
Rootham
Cyril Rootham
Cyril Bradley
Rootham


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<mask> is an American physician. She currently serves as a Professor of Medicine as well as the Associate Chair of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for the Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. <mask> has been recognized at the national level for her mentorship and teaching as well as her blogging and public speaking. She is the winner of the ACGME Parker J. Palmer Courage To Teach Award, the Evangeline Papageorge Award, and her blog “Reflections of a Grady Doctor” was named as one of the top four medical blogs by “O” The Oprah Magazine. Early life and education
<mask> was born in California and grew up in inner city Los Angeles. In high school, <mask>'s father told her that, as a Black man in Alabama, people warned him that becoming a physician was not attainable. Hearing this story from her father motivated her to pursue a career in medicine.Following high school, <mask> attended Tuskegee University in Alabama, a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) for her undergraduate education. <mask> completed her pre-medical studies, and is a part of the Delta Sigma Theta sorority. After completing her pre-medical studies in 1992, <mask> was still set on a path to a career in medicine. She pursued her medical degree training at Meharry Medical College, also an HBCU. Upon completion of her M.D. in 1996, <mask> attended one of Case Western's affiliates, MetroHealth, for her residency training. She completed a combined internal medicine and pediatrics residency.In 2000, she was Chief Resident at Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth and was selected by her classmates for an honorary membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society. Career
In 2001, <mask> joined the Emory University School of Medicine faculty as a professor in the Department of Medicine. She has since become an Associate Professor of Medicine as well as the Associate Vice Chair of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in the Department of Medicine at Emory University School of Medicine. Her leadership led to the development of the strategic plan for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion at Emory University School of Medicine. She also led the Emory University Task force on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion and has been a critical mentor and advocate for underrepresented minorities in medicine throughout her time at Emory. In addition to the roles she plays in enhancing diversity and equity at Emory, she is also a prominent educator, and is known nationally for her teaching at both the level of medical students as well as residents. She was one of the 16 faculty chosen to lead the new medical school curriculum, started in 2007.She also serves as the director for the Transitional Year Residency Program at Emory where she provides a clinical base to students that match into Emory's residency program. At the medical school level, <mask> is an advisor for the Semmelweiss Society where she mentors and supports a small group of medical students throughout their time at Emory Medical School. She has been an advisor in this role since 2007. In addition to roles in promoting diversity and educating both pre-clinical students and residents, <mask> also treats patients at Grady Memorial Hospital, one of the largest public hospitals in the United States. Writing
<mask> preaches humanism in medicine and teaches how reflective writing can be used consecutively for personal mental health and community building. She embodies both of her educational lessons by writing the blog “Reflections of a Grady Doctor” to describe her personal experience in the medical field as a physician and educator at the Grady Memorial Hospital in Atlanta, Georgia. Her blog was recognized by Oprah.com as one of the best Doctor's Blogs in 2010.The practice of writing often, Grady calls “habitual reflection” and she teaches that it is vital in the practice of becoming a good doctor. As a Fellow of the American College of Physicians, <mask> is also a weekly writer for the American College of Physicians Hospitalist Blog, sharing narratives of medical experiences on the wards and educating readers on key topics in medicine such as owning medical mistakes, imposter syndrome, and physician burnout. In addition to her blogging, <mask> writes for several top tier journals and publishers including the Journal of the American Medical Association, the Annals of Internal Medicine, and Academic Medicine. She has also played a key role in writing the McGraw-Hill educational textbooks for teaching the Principals and Practice of Hospital Medicine. Awards and honors

 2019 Master Clinician Visiting Professor at University of California, San Francisco
 2019 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Association of  Black Women Physicians
 2018 ACGME Courage to Teach Award
 2016 Best Conference Faculty Teaching Award
 2013 Juha P. Kokko Teaching Award
 2011-2014 Voted “Best Attending” by the School of Medicine Graduating Class
 2011 Evangeline Papageorge Distinguished Teaching Award - Highest Honor in teaching that the School of Medicine Bestows
 2011 Juha P. Kokko Teaching Award for best overall teacher
 Three time Golden Apple Teaching Award Winner of Emory University School of Medicine
 2000 Honorary Membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society

Select media

 Blog - “Reflections of a Grady Doctor”, named in 2010 by The Oprah Magazine as one of 4 medical blogs you should read. #50 Virtual Morning Report with the Clinical Problem Solvers Podcast
 The Curbsiders Podcast - Hotcakes: Imposter syndrome 2019
 Fox5 - The Importance of Vitamin D in 2018
 CNN - Discussing health concerns after the earthquake and tsunami in Japan
 WebMD Biography and Parenting
 Dr. Oz :”Top three reasons you dislike your doctor”

Select publications

 <mask> KD. Black Women in Medicine—A Documentary.JAMA. 2017;318(14):1306–1307. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.11551
 <mask> KD. Professionalism in Hospital Medicine. In: Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. McKean S, Ross J, <mask> D, Ginsberg J, Brotman D eds. McGraw-Hill, 2015
 <mask> KD.The Death of a Clinician-Educator. In: On Being a Doctor Volume 4, Laine C, LaCombe M eds. American College of Physicians. 2014
 <mask>D, Winawer N, Murali M. Allergy and Anaphylaxis. In: Principles and Practice of Hospital Medicine. McKean S, Ross J, <mask> D, Ginsberg J, Brotman D eds. McGraw-Hill, 2012
 <mask>is AP, Tellez I, Winawer NH, <mask> L, <mask> KD, Kripalani S. (2010) On-site Night Float by Attending Physicians: A Model to Improve Resident Education and Patient Care.Journal of Graduate Medical Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 57–61
 <mask> KD, Kripalani S. The use of standardized patients to teach low-literacy communication skills. American Journal of Health Behavior, 2007; 31 (Suppl) S105 – S110
 Kripalani S, Jacobson KL, Brown S, <mask> KD, Rask KJ, Jacobson TA. Development and implementation of a health literacy training program for medical residents. Medical Education Online 2006;11 (13):1-8

References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
American physicians
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Emory University School of Medicine faculty

masks:
Kimberly Dyan Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Manning
Dressler
Manning
Manning K
Dressler
DeFilipp
Di Francesco
Manning
Manning
Manning