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<mask> was a politician and a prominent freedom fighter of Sri Lanka. Early life

C.E.<mask> was born in the west coast town of Chilaw, in Sri Lanka. His parents were <mask>, a leading lawyer from Chilaw and Henritta Seneviratne. He was educated at Royal College Colombo where he excelled in his studies. He earned a reputation as a first rate orator. <mask> was the eldest of five children. His brothers and sisters were <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, and <mask>.The family came from a wealthy background, owning vast tracts of coconut estates and paddy lands.The Sunday Times newspaper of Sri Lanka writing about the three sons of <mask> Bandarnaike <mask>, noted: 'Of the three boys, the eldest, <mask> <mask>, was educated at Royal College and having excelled in studies and cricket, he passed out as a proctor of the Supreme Court, took to politics and in 1924 was elected president of the Ceylon National Congress. Warden Stone of S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, described old Royalist C.E<mask> as one of the finest speakers of the English language. The second boy in the family was Dr. Alfred Ernest <mask> who was educated at S. Thomas' College. He passed out as a doctor of medicine and chose to practise in Chilaw. He was a clever doctor and what was unique about him was that he charged no fees from the poor for his services. ' Writing in 1907, The English author, Arnold Wright in 'Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon,' said: '<mask> has left three sons, the eldest of whom, <mask>, a Proctor, is the unofficial leader of the Chilaw Bar, a member of the Royal Asiatic Society, and Chairman of the Chilaw Association.In 1899, he was elected by the various native associations of Ceylon, and a public meeting in Colombo, to proceed to England as a delegate of the people of Ceylon, to lay before the Imperial Government a representation against the Waste Lands Ordinance. The second son, Alfred Ernest, is a physician, and the youngest, <mask> Victor, is an Advocate of the Supreme Court.' The Sri Lankan author Kumari Jayawardena, writing about the Coreas noted: 'Unconnected to the liquor trade but making their money on plantation ventures was the Corea Family of Chilaw, an influential goyigama group with a history going back to Portuguese rule when they were warriors to Sinhala kings. During Dutch and British rule, members of the family were officials serving the state in various ways and rewarded with titles. Some members of the family took to the legal and medical professions, most notably the sons of <mask> <mask> (a solicitor), who were active in local politics and in the Chilaw Association which campaigned against British land policies – especially the Waste Lands Ordinance, and for political reforms. The most active of Corea's sons was C.E. (<mask>) who spoke up for peasant rights and was militant in his stand against the government.He was President of the Ceylon National Congress in 1924. C.E.<mask>'s brother, Alfred Ernest, was a doctor and the youngest <mask> was a lawyer who achieved fame for leading a campaign (and going to jail) in 1922 to protest the Poll Tax on all males; he was the first President of the Ceylon Labour Union led by A.E.Goonesinha and was active in the Ceylon Labour Party. While being professionals and political activists, the Coreas were also important landowners. ' The Royal-Thomian Encounter of 1885 (The 9 runs match)
Corea was an accomplished cricketer at Royal College Colombo, he played first XI cricket for his school. He was in the Royal College team in the historic Nine Run Match played in Sri Lanka on 12 and 13 March 1885, on the CCC grounds, in Galle Face – Royal scored 9 runs, and St Thomas' replied by scoring 170 for 6. According to legend, the match was abandoned due to rain, but this has been disputed. C.E.<mask>, who was in the Royal College team, in an article in the 1932 Royal-Thomian souvenir had this to say about fielding conditions on the first day – "On the first day we batted in a deluge of rain and submitted to the leather hunting which followed over mud and sludge, weighed down in sodden clothes, up to the very minute fixed for drawing stumps, without protest or grumble".Political career

C.E.<mask> followed in his father's footsteps by studying law. He went on to become a proctor of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. He then practised at the Chilaw court. What pre-occupied C.E.<mask> was the fact that the people of Ceylon were struggling under the British Raj. He spoke out against the injustice suffered by ordinary people at the hands of their colonial masters. <mask> became a fearless freedom fighter – together with his younger brother <mask>, he founded the Chilaw Association and used it to campaign hard for independence, for the people of Ceylon. He was elected a member of the Legislative Council and later a founding Member of the Ceylon National Congress, together with <mask>, E.W.Perera, Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam, and Francis de Zoysa. C.E.<mask> was elected President of the Ceylon National Congress in 1924. <mask> was very much the elder statesman and gained a reputation as a moderate voice of the independence movement. The visit of Mahatma Gandhi to Chilaw

Mahatma Gandhi, the 'Father of India' had developed a very close relationship with C.E.<mask> and his brother <mask>. C.E.<mask> wrote many letters to Gandhi in India, on the subject of independence. Gandhi arrived on the shores of Ceylon on 12 November 1927, on his first and only visit to the island. He was accorded a warm welcome in Colombo and he travelled all over Sri Lanka.Mahatma Gandhi made it a point to see his friends C.E.<mask> and <mask>. A massive banquet was organised in his honour, in a Corea home called 'Sigiriya,' in Chilaw. There he met with members of the <mask> Family – he stayed with the Coreas for several days. Death
He died in Chilaw on 7 February 1946. Just two years later Ceylon won her independence on 4 February 1948 thanks to the valiant efforts of freedom fighters like <mask> <mask>. See also
National Heroes of Sri Lanka
Dominicus Corea
<mask> Bandaranaike Corea
James Alfred Ernest Corea
Victor Corea
List of political families in Sri Lanka
Edirimanne Corea Family Union
Mahatma Gandhi's visit to Chilaw, Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan independence activist
Sri Lankan independence movement
Govigama
List of Govigama people

References

Bibliography
Great Sinhalese Men and Women of History – Edirille Bandara (Domingos Corea) By John M. Senaveratna, (1937)
A History of Sri Lanka By Professor K.M.De Silva (1981)
Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon: Its History, People, Commerce, Industries and Resources By A.W. Wright, Asian Educational Services, India; New Ed edition (15 Dec 2007)

External links
A  national hero is honoured in his home town
Freedom fighter who defied the British

National Heroes of Sri Lanka
Sri Lankan independence activists
Sinhalese lawyers
Sri Lankan Christians
1866 births
1946 deaths
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Members of the Legislative Council of Ceylon
<mask>
People from Chilaw

masks:
Charles Edgar Corea
Corea
Charles Edward Bandaranaike Corea
Charles Edgar Corea
– James Alfred Ernest Corea
Victor Corea
Agnes Corea
Evangeline Henrietta Corea
Charles Edward
Corea
Charles Edgar
Corea
. Corea
Corea
Charles Edward
Charles Edgar
Charles Edward
Charles Edward
Corea
Charles Edgar
Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Corea
Victor Corea
Corea
Charles Edgar
Corea
Charles Edward
Charles Edgar


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<mask>  (Belmonte, Cuenca, 1527 – Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Castile, Spain, 23 August 1591), was a Spanish lyric poet, Augustinian friar, theologian and academic, active during the Spanish Golden Age. Early life
<mask> was born in Belmonte, in the Province of Cuenca, in 1527 or 1528. His parents were <mask> and <mask>, and they had five children. His father practiced law, and it was due to his profession that the family moved to Madrid in 1534, and later to Valladolid. <mask> obtained a very thorough and extensive education, and was devoted to the interpretation and translation of religious texts and ideas. He was proficient in Greek, Hebrew, and Latin. He entered the University of Salamanca at the age of fourteen, in 1541, to study Canon Law under the care of his uncle Francisco.At some point between 1541 and 1543 (Thompson states that it was about 5–6 months after beginning his studies, while other authors often claim it was 1543), <mask> abandoned his studies and instead entered the Order of the Hermits of St. Augustine. After a novitiate of uncertain duration he joined the Priory of San Pedro on 29 January 1544. The first record of León as a student of theology is in the matriculation book at the University of Salamanca for 1546-7. In 1552, Fray <mask> graduated with a bachelor's degree in theology from the University of Toledo and continued his education as a student of Hebrew and Biblical interpretation at the University of Alcalá de Henares. Academic career
Having returned to Salamanca the previous year, in 1560 he graduated from the University of Salamanca as a licentiate (7 May) and Master of Theology (30 June), and in the following year he won the election to the Chair of St Thomas, a chair in Theology, at the same university (Salamanca was unusual in that all Chairs were subject to an election for the position). This was a minor Chair, with a limited four-year tenure. In 1565, he won the Chair of St Durandus, to which he was re-elected in 1569 (he lost it in 1573 because he was in prison while the elections took place).In 1566 he was named administrator of the Augustinian College of San Guillermo in Salamanca, and in 1567 he took on the position of vice rector of the University. In 1571 he attained the Chair of Sacred Letters as well. While at the university, he translated classical and biblical literature and wrote on religious themes. He was widely known for his works. Imprisonment
In 1571 Dominican professors Bartolomé <mask> and Castro put forth seventeen propositions to the Inquisition documenting Fray <mask>' allegedly heretical opinions. His translation into Spanish and commentary of the Song of Solomon was the biggest evidence presented for their case against him. Another charge touched on his criticizing the text of the Vulgate.As a result, he was imprisoned at Valladolid from 27 March 1572 until December 1576, fell ill and remained in bad health throughout his imprisonment. Though he suffered greatly from his isolation and less than desirable conditions, Fray <mask> continued to actively write and study during his confinement. At the end of 1576, the tables turned, and on 11 December Fray <mask> was cleared of all charges and released from prison with an admonishment to be more careful and reserved in his publications and speech. He returned to Salamanca on 30 December in triumph. Tradition has it that he began his university lecture on 29 January 1577, his first after returning from four years' imprisonment, with the words Dicebamus hesterna die ("As we were saying yesterday...."). Later life

Fray <mask> continued to teach at the university, being awarded a special chair at the end of 1576, shortly after his acquittal. In 1578 he obtained, for life, the chair of Moral Philosophy, and in 1579 was elected to the most significant chair in the university, the Chair of Holy Scripture (sometimes known as the chair of Biblical Studies or the Bible Chair).He went on to earn a Master of the Arts degree from the University of Sahagún. Fray <mask> did not pay heed to the cautionary admonishments of the Inquisitorial committee after his earlier imprisonment. In 1582, he had another Inquisitional run-in, following three disputations held on the subject of the merits of Christ and human predestination, but was not this time imprisoned. He was absolved two years later, in 1584. Fray <mask>'s first published Spanish and Latin works emerged in 1580, some having been begun in prison; most of his works were printed during this decade. Between 1583 and 1585 he published the three books of his celebrated treatise, The Names of Christ, which he had written in prison. In 1583 also appeared the most popular of his prose works, The Perfect Wife, an instruction for newly married women.In 1588, Fray <mask> published the first collected edition of the writings of Teresa of Ávila. To produce this work, he had performed the task of collating her manuscripts, checking references and notes, and preparing a definitive text (although Teresa and <mask> were both in Salamanca in late 1570, it is not believed they ever met in their lifetimes). He died at the age of 64 on 23 August 1591, in Madrigal de las Altas Torres, Ávila, and is buried in Salamanca in the Priory of San Agustín. Ten days before his death he was elected Vicar General of the Augustinian Order. Major works

Cantar de los Cantares (translation of Song of Songs)
In 1561, he began translating the Song of Songs into Spanish for his cousin, Isabel Osorio, a nun in Salamanca who could not read the Latin text, and wrote an accompanying commentary. This was León's first major translation of a biblical text, and was probably inspired by a commentary his contemporary Arias Montano had lent to him when he passed through Salamanca in 1561. Translation of biblical texts into Spanish had been banned by the Council of Trent, so there was a certain risk in this undertaking.The manuscript, however, was popular amongst his friends, who copied it and circulated it privately. However, the translations formed part of the accusations levelled against León when he was denounced to the Inquisition in 1572. Because of the controversial nature of the text, it was not published until 1798. In Cantica Canticorum Salomonis explanatio (Commentary on the Song of Solomon)
This was published in 1580, and built on an earlier Spanish commentary. He revised and enlarged it in a 1589 edition. La Perfecta Casada (The Perfect Wife)
This book is Fray <mask>’ interpretation of the Proverbs of Solomon, and was written as a moral exposition to his newly married young niece. It advises all young women on the proper behavior and duties of a married woman, both in regard to her husband and her children.The book quickly became a popular wedding gift to young women of the era, as it was an instruction manual for marriage. In addition, this book was a revolutionary defense of women’s roles in society at the time. It was first published in 1583, and was popular, appearing in six editions by 1632. De los Nombres de Cristo (The Names of Christ)
Another well-known work, this was written as a guide to the layman about the essential principles of the church. It is written in dialogue form about three friends who discuss fourteen of the Scriptural names of Christ over a period of two days in a country estate. Each book ends in a lyrical meditation expressed in a poem. The predominant theme is the centrality and universality of Christ.The work grew by stages. The first edition of 1583 is made up of only two books, considering nine names in total. The second edition of 1585 adds a third book, considering four names, and adds the name 'shepherd' to the first book. Finally, the posthumous edition of 1595 includes one extra name, 'lamb'. The structure of the third edition was used for the 1984 English translation. The work quickly became popular in Spain: seven editions were printed by 1605. F Luysii Legionensis Augustiniani Theologiae Doctoris, & Divinorum Librorum primi apud Salmanticenses interpretis explanatiorum in eosdem
In 1589, Fray <mask> published a volume of Latin commentaries on Obadiah, 2 Thessalonians, Galatians and the Song of Songs.These represent the summit of his achievement as a Biblical scholar. Exposición del Libro de Job (Commentary on the Book of Job)
This is another contribution made by Fray <mask> to make Scripture available to those who could not read Latin. In other words, he wanted ordinary people to be exposed to the Biblical message. The story tells of Job's patience and suffering, and also serves as a correctional guide to man's behavior. It is written in both verse and dialogue, to make it both enjoyable and informative. <mask> began the work while in prison, and had completed thirty-five chapters by the end of 1580. He resumed work on it ten years later and finished the work in 1591, a few months before his death.He dedicated the work to Mother Ana <mask>, to whom John of the Cross had dedicated his Spiritual Canticle. Fray <mask> had come to know her in recent years, both in preparing the first edition of the works of Teresa of Avila, and in defending the privileges of the Discalced Carmelite nuns against proposed changes in the Teresan constitution. It was first published in 1779. Twenty three original poems in Spanish
Fray <mask> composed a number of poems, the majority probably between 1559 and 1584. He did not publish them, but circulated them among his friends. They were first published in 1631, when Quevedo printed them. The canon of Fray <mask>'s poetry, as fixed by Hispanists, consists of twenty-nine poems.See two of his most well-known examples below: The Life Removed and Ode to Salinas. Poetry Selections

The Life Removed
In the poem The Life Removed, of which an excerpt is shown below, Fray <mask>, following the beatus ille theme introduced by Horace, expounds upon the notion of choice and its consequences. He says that those irrational men who aspire to power and wealth and are guided by the talk and opinion of others will not achieve the peace, happiness, and liberty assured to those who travel the hidden path. The poem continues on to mention a ship in a storm, and how the sailors aboard are motivated only by greed and ambition, and they will not meet the harmonious end of those who travel the hidden path. Ode to Salinas
Another well-known poem composed by Fray <mask> is an ode written for his friend <mask> Salinas. They frequently spoke about art and poetry, and listened to music together. Salinas was an organist and composer, who shared Fray <mask>'s belief that music can make one more religious, and that it inspires man to contemplate spiritual matters.The ode, an excerpt of which is listed below, includes numerous positive images about music as a means to contemplate the divine and to overcome ignorance and foolishness. Later reputation
In subsequent centuries, Fray <mask> was especially praised in Spain as a poet. In 1631, the poet <mask> Quevedo prepared an edition of León's poems. In the eighteenth century he was the source of inspiration to various Neoclassical poets. See also
<mask> Centina III
Spanish Renaissance literature

References

Modern translations
 The unknown light: the poems of Fray <mask> <mask>, translation and introduction by Willis Barnstone, (Albany, 1979)
 Rivers, Elias L, Fray <mask> <mask>: The Original Poems, (London: Grant & Cutler, 1983). Fray <mask> <mask>, The Names of Christ, translation and introduction by Manuel Durán and William Kluback, (New York: Paulist Press, 1984) [translation of Nombres de Christo]
 A bilingual edition of Fray <mask> <mask>'s La perfecta casada: the role of married women in sixteenth-century Spain, translated and introduction by John A. Jones and Javier San José Lera, (Lewiston, NY; Lampeter, UK: E. Mellen, 1999)
 <mask> <mask>, <mask> <mask>: Ode to Francisco Salinas, trans Michael Smith, (Shearsman Books, 2006). .

Further reading

F. H. Reusch, <mask> <mask> und die spanische Inquisition, Bonn, 1873. M. Gutierrez, Fray <mask> <mask> y la filosofia española, Madrid, 1885.M<mask> y Pelayo, Estudios de crítica literaria, Madrid, 1893. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. <mask>, <mask> <mask>. Columbia University Press, 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica. <mask> <mask>. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2005.Alvarez Turienzo, S.  Fray <mask> <mask>: El Fraile, el humanista, el teólogo. Salamanca: Imprenta Kadmos, 1992. Bultman, Dana C.  “Fray <mask> <mask>.”  Dictionary of Literary Biography: Sixteenth Century Spanish Writers. Ed. Gregory B. Kaplan. Detroit: Thomson Gale (2006): 138-46. Fitzmaurice-Kelly, James.Fray <mask> <mask>: A Biographical Fragment. Milford, Eng. : Oxford UP, 1921. Peers, E. Allison. Spanish Mysticism. London: Methuen & Co, 1924. Thompson, Colin P.  The Strife of Tongues: Fray <mask> <mask> and the Golden Age of Spain.New York: Cambridge UP, 1988. External links

 Cervantes Virtual Library - Fray <mask> <mask>  Collection of the author's works and studies on them
 Oda XXIII set to music. Musical version in mp3 of Oda XXIII. 1527 births
1591 deaths
People from the Province of Cuenca
Spanish Catholic poets
Counter-Reformation
Augustinian friars
Spanish people of Jewish descent
University of Salamanca alumni
University of Toledo alumni
Spanish translators
Greek–Spanish translators
Hebrew–Spanish translators
Italian–Spanish translators
Latin–Spanish translators
16th-century Roman Catholic priests
Spanish Roman Catholic priests
University of Salamanca faculty
Christian Hebraists
Roman Catholic biblical scholars
Roman Catholic mystics
School of Salamanca

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Luis de León
Luis de León
Lope de León
Inés de Varela
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<mask> (born Duan Gen Shan; February 13, 1964) is a 34th generation Shaolin warrior monk, teacher and actor, best known as the founder of the USA Shaolin Temple. Trained at the Shaolin Temple in Henan, People's Republic of China (PRC) since the age of five, <mask> came to the United States in 1992, before opening the USA Shaolin Temple in Manhattan, where he has taught hundreds of students, including numerous celebrities. He has made various media appearances in television, film and print, including National Geographic, PBS, History, Time magazine, and the 1999 American samurai action film, Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai. Early life
<mask> was born Duan Gen Shan in Zhumadian in Henan Province, China, on Chinese New Year's, February 13, 1964, the year of the Dragon, the seventh of nine children. His father grew up in a family so poor that they were essentially homeless, and begged for food door to door. Duan's father, who never went to school, slept under a wood-burning stove, or would dig a hole in a stack of wheat for warmth. Despite these hardships, he taught himself to be a very literate reader, writer and calligrapher.Duan's mother's family was slightly better off financially. As was typical, she was not educated either, had her feet bound, and was raised solely to be a mother and housewife. Duan's parents eventually acquired jobs for the Chinese government under Mao, and worked underground as telex operators. Prior to his birth, two of Duan's older brothers and one older sister died of starvation in Mao Zedong's "Great Leap Forward" in the late 1950s. Duan himself almost died when he was approximately two or three years old, prompting his parents to spend all their money on numerous doctors, and his father to sell his special calligraphy pen. Doctors eventually gave up on him, and after thinking their seventh child had died, his parents wrapped him in blankets, intending to throw him away, before being stopped by an acupuncturist outside their village who saw them crying, and performed acupuncture on the infant Gen Shan, who promptly recovered. <mask> believes the man was a Boddhisattva sent by Buddha to save his life.Martial arts career

In China

In 1969, the five-year-old Duan's Buddhist parents, still worried about his health, took him to the 1,500-year-old Shaolin Temple, the only remains of which after repeated destruction by warring dynasties and the current government were the foundation and some walls. (The temple as it is known today was reconstructed around the turn of the 21st century.) As this was in the middle of the Cultural Revolution, the familiar red and yellow robes and shaved heads were also not present among the monks, and would not be until approximately 1980, after the Cultural Revolution ended. Since there had not been an abbot at the temple in about 300 years, Duan was taken to the head monk, <mask> Zheng (who would later be appointed abbot in 1986). <mask> Zheng, whom Duan addressed as "<mask>gong" ("Grandmaster") or "<mask>fu <mask>fu" ("master's master"), looked at the young Duan and accepted him into the temple, where his parents were happy to leave him. As soon as he was accepted in the temple, which was populated by about 16 or 17 monks, all of them older than Duan (most of them in their seventies), his name was changed to <mask> <mask>. The name is derived from "<mask>", as in Shakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, a family name that Buddhist monks of this tradition take in order to denote that they follow Buddha, "<mask>", which denotes the "34th generation" at the Shaolin Temple, and "<mask>", which means "perpetual", as in the infinite cycle of the Dharma wheel.<mask> says that his "kung fu uncles" at the temple were very loving, and took care of him as his own parents would, though they did not live there all the time, for fear of marauding gangs of Mao's Red Guard, and therefore, <mask> saw his parents often. <mask> immediately started learning kung fu, Chan Buddhism and acupuncture from his masters, Liu Xin Yi and Shen Ping An, who were Shaolin disciples living outside the temple, rather than monks. Because of the open nature of the temple, where people could come and go easily, he says he learned to read people. Despite his training, <mask> also amused himself by playing pranks on his masters, who would punish him either with beatings, or by making him do the horse stance until his legs were numb and swollen, or making do headstands until the blood draining into his head caused pain. <mask>'s daily routine consisted of awakening at 4:30 am to practice for two hours, followed by a breakfast of steamed tofu and vegetables, prayer, meditation or relaxation for an hour, and then another three and a half hours of practice. This would be followed by more prayer, Buddhism studies, and cleaning or other Temple work. Although Shaolin monks do not necessarily follow the practice of other monks who do not eat past noon, those at the temple would eat a lunch of noodles, rice or mantou at 11:30 am, out of respect to monks visiting from other temples.After an hour of relaxation, <mask> would practice and pray again from 1:00 pm to 5:30 pm, followed by dinner, more relaxation, and more practice until 10:00 pm. From then until 4:00 am the monks would work in shifts to check the temple's incense. The monks slept on a piece of wood with a blanket on it, sometimes using their clothes for pillows, which <mask> says is good for the back, compared to American beds, which he says are too comfortable. Although <mask> met his Buddhism <mask>fu, <mask> Qian, almost immediately after entering the temple, he did not begin seriously studying with him until he was about 14 or 15. Because the temple did not have running water, the monks had to transport it from mountain rivers just outside the temple, draw it from a well, and collect rainwater. When the temple acquired running water in 1986, the monks were dissatisfied, because under the system of feng shui, digging up the ground and laying in pipes was, as <mask> puts it, akin to "cutting your veins out". During the cold winter months, bathing was restricted to washing selected body parts, rather than immersion in or under water.Even today the temple only has cold water. In 1980, a young Jet Li arrived at the temple to shoot his feature film debut, Shaolin Temple. Though <mask> barely noticed him at the time, the film's 1982 release was a major turning point for the temple, which experienced a significant increase in tourism. This in turn resulted in more positive attention to the temple by the Chinese government, which rebuilt the building, and in a change to the monks' daily routine, so that they could accommodate the tourists. Around this time, when <mask> was 16, his parents, who held stressful jobs and were heavy smokers, died of lung cancer within six months of each other. <mask> would then take care of his younger brother, while his older brothers would take care of the younger siblings, with whom <mask> is still in contact today. In 1985, <mask> won the 65 kg (147 lb.)championship in the Xian National Sparring Competition. He also won the championship in the annual Shaolin Disciples Competition three years in a row (1988–1990), and was vice-coach of the Shaolin Temple Fighting Monks at Henan. In 1992, <mask>, who had won many national martial arts competitions, was chosen to be among a group of select Shaolin monks invited by the American Kung Fu Association to tour the United States, the first such tour for the Shaolin, to spread the knowledge of Shaolin Kung Fu. In the United States

After the tour's last show concluded in San Francisco, <mask> secretly left his hotel in the middle of the night and escaped in order to defect from China to the United States. Speaking no English, <mask> directed a cab driver with hand signals to an unknown destination, but the frustrated driver dropped him off in the middle of nowhere and called the police. <mask> showed the police his passport and some newspaper clippings featuring him, so the police requested the driver take him to a Chinese restaurant in order to find someone who could communicate with him. However, since the staff at the restaurant spoke only Cantonese, and not <mask>'s Mandarin, the monk wrote down his communications, since both dialects employ the same characters.The restaurant staff helped <mask> phone a friend in New York City, who had someone pick up <mask>, who hid in a basement for a week, eating only bread and cereal, while the news media were reporting his escape. After a week, he traveled to New York. <mask>'s defection was motivated in part because he disagreed with the monastery's strictures, saying, "In the temple, monks have 250 rules. Two hundred fifty! Just think of that! You cannot drink. You cannot eat spices.You cannot drink bottled water. You cannot look at a woman. That's just crazy. It's the 21st century, you know?" Choosing New York to be his new base of operations in order to spread the message of Buddhism and Shaolin kung fu because he saw it as the "capital of the world", <mask> opened the first USA Shaolin Temple at 96 Bowery Street in Chinatown in December 1994. Because there was no heat, electricity or hot water, <mask> would tape flashlights to the walls for light, teaching up to 18 hours a day in order to attract students. At night he would wear several pairs of socks on his feet to stay warm, and accumulated hundreds of pairs of unwashed socks due to his initial inability to wash clothes without water.He would also perform in Chinese restaurants to raise money for children and the elderly, gave free lessons, and spoke of philosophy in Open Centre on Spring Street. In 1996 he moved the USA Shaolin Temple to a third floor loft at 678 Broadway in the East Village. In late 2006, after its lease expired, the temple was relocated to its current location in a second floor, high-ceilinged loft at 446 Broadway, in Chinatown, where he teaches authentic Shaolin martial arts and Chan Buddhism in two-hour classes from 5am to 9pm, every day, to nearly 500 students, who have included notables such as Wesley Snipes, Rosie Perez, Bokeem Woodbine, RZA, Jim Jarmusch, Björk and Tricky. In June 1995, <mask> traveled to Toronto, Ontario, Canada to perform with a delegation of his brother Shaolin monks, headed by Great Master <mask>, who were sent on tour to Canada. In 1999 he returned to China with his students to help build relations between China and the United States. In late 2001 he returned to the Henan Province with 40 of his students for a martial arts festival. The USA Shaolin Temple has six international satellite branches in Austria, South Africa, Trinidad, Chile, Argentina, and Mexico.In 2010 <mask> and the USA Shaolin Temple purchased over  of land in Middletown, Delaware County, New York, where he intends to build a new Shaolin Temple. Abilities

According to The New York Times, as a young monk, <mask> <mask> learned to break rocks with his skull, deflect blades with his skin, and sleep while hanging upside down from a tree branch. By the age of 17, according to Time magazine and  The New Yorker, he could deflect the tip of a spear with his neck, sleep standing on one leg, and dangle a 50-pound (23 kg) weight from his scrotum, a practice that helped train him to withstand a full-force blow to the groin. According to accounts in Time and The New Yorker, <mask> can also lick red-hot iron shovels and fly aboveground upside down in full splits. In a 2005 Discovery Channel profile, <mask> stated that since being taken by his parents to the Shaolin Temple, he had never experienced any health problems as he did as an infant, and has never been sick. <mask>'s punching strength has been measured at  of force. Among his martial arts specialties are Luohan Quan, Magic Staff and other Shaolin weapons, and hard qi gong.Media appearances
<mask> <mask> had a small role in the 1999 movie Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai, which was directed by one of his students, Jim Jarmusch. He has been profiled on PBS, and on the History series Stan Lee's Superhumans. In 2005, National Geographic filmed a documentary on him titled "Kung Fu Monk". He has also worked as a model, and the tourist bureau of his native village, Henan Province, put him on a billboard advertising their most famous native son. He is also depicted performing various styles of kung fu in four giant posters that show him  that hang over the entrance to the modern Anhui Guoyang Chudian Branch of the Shaolin Wushu Center, near the Shaolin Temple. Says Jarmusch, "I love his contradictions. He's so playful and yet he has the potential for incredible physical ferocity."The RZA, producer of and <mask>'s co-star in the urban kung fu film Z Chronicles, says of <mask>, "When I looked at the dailies, he just exploded on the camera. "I'd say, 'Damn <mask>fu, you're a real live movie star.'" <mask> was among the monks profiled in the 1995 book The Real Shaolin Gongfu of China. In 2006 Rodale Books published <mask>'s own book, The Shaolin Workout: 28 Days to Transforming Your Body and Soul the Warrior's Way. Throughout his career, <mask> has been featured in advertisements for Hewlett-Packard, Burberry, Adidas, Chase Bank, Sprite (drink), & multiple magazine covers including 2x on Black Belt Magazine. He has also been featured in numerous publications & interviews across the world including The New York Times, The Atlantic, The New Yorker, VICE Sports, VICE China, Grazia Homme (France), Vogue, Great Big Story, NPR & more. On May 21, 2020, <mask> appeared on ABC’s To Tell The Truth.On August 13, 2020, <mask> appeared on Discovery Channel's reality series with Caroline Wozniacki & David Lee (basketball) as 1 of 3 super humans to train the family to summit Mt. Kilmanjaro. Personal life
<mask> lives with his two children in NYC. <mask> never took the Shaolin celibacy vows, as he entered the Shaolin Temple at the age of five. Explaining his eschewing of celibacy, <mask> remarks, "I'm too handsome for that." References

External links

Official website of USA Shaolin Temple

1964 births
Buddhist monks
21st-century Buddhist monks
Chinese Buddhist monks
American Buddhist monks
Chan Buddhist monks
People from Manhattan
Living people
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Martial arts school founders
People from Zhumadian
Educators from New York City
Shaolin Temple
Chinese martial artists
Buddhism in New York (state)

masks:
Shi Yan Ming
Shi Yan Ming
Shi Yan Ming
Yan Ming
Shi Xing
Shi Xing
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi Yan
Ming
Shi
Yan
Ming
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi Yong
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi Yongxin
Shi
Shi Yan
Ming
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi Yan
Ming
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi


texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1940) is an American art dealer, author, and the former owner of the Montreal Expos (now the Washington Nationals) and Miami Marlins of Major League Baseball. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in a Jewish family in Manhattan, the son of Ruth (Ost) and Walter J<mask>, a lawyer. Loria took an early interest in baseball, attending his first New York Yankees game in the late 1940s. Loria attended New York City's Stuyvesant High School and Yale University, where he initially took pre-med courses. With a requirement to take a history class, <mask> chose art history. After college, he worked in a newly established art-buying program for Sears, launched with the help of actor Vincent Price. In 1965, at the age of 24, he opened his private art dealing business, Jeffrey H. Loria & Co., on Manhattan's Upper East Side and wrote a book, Collecting Original Art.He specializes in 20th-century masters, and his collection includes works by Pablo Picasso and Henry Moore. <mask> graduated from Columbia Business School in 1968 and published his second book, What's It All About Charlie Brown?. Co-written with Pat K. Lynch, it is a look at life through the Peanuts comic strip. Montreal Expos
In 1989, Loria purchased the Oklahoma City 89ers, then a Triple-A affiliate of the Texas Rangers. The team won the American Association championship in 1992. <mask> sold the team in 1993 and began looking to buy a Major League team. He lost out to Peter Angelos in his bid to purchase the Baltimore Orioles in 1994.On December 9, 1999, he bought a 24 percent stake in the Montreal Expos for $18 million CAD (approximately $12 million USD) and became the managing general partner. He'd initially considered buying the team in 1991 from founding owner Charles Bronfman, but Bronfman balked at Loria's demand for a controlling interest and the team was subsequently sold to then-team president Claude Brochu instead. <mask> headed an ownership group that included the city of Montreal, several Montreal businesses, and Stephen Bronfman, Charles' son. When a series of cash calls over the next two years went unanswered, Loria ended up with 93 percent of the team at a valuation of US$50 million. One of Loria's first acts was to reiterate demands for a new park for the Expos to replace Olympic Stadium, of which he bluntly said, "We cannot stay here." He lost a considerable amount of goodwill with Expos fans when the team was not able to reach an agreement for television and English-speaking radio coverage during the 2000 season, as the Expos tried to increase their revenue from broadcast rights. He also sought more public funding for a planned downtown ballpark, Labatt Park.However, the provincial and municipal governments balked at committing more money to the project. Premier Lucien Bouchard said that he could not support using public funds to build ballparks when the province was being forced to shut down hospitals. Additionally, Bouchard did not like that Olympic Stadium still had not been paid for 25 years after being built, and ultimately wouldn't be paid for until 2006. Sale of the Expos
In 2002, as part of an orchestrated move with Bud Selig and then-Marlins owner John W. Henry, Loria sold the Expos to a partnership of the other 29 major league clubs for $120 million. In effect, the Expos were sold to the commissioner's office (being owned by the league). Henry then sold the Marlins to Loria for $158.5 million, including a $38.5 million no-interest loan from MLB. The deal was approved by the other owners before Loria and Henry signed the contract, and paved the way for Henry to buy the Boston Red Sox.Loria moved the Expos' entire front office staff, on-field staff, office equipment and computer equipment to Florida. MLB's plans to contract the Expos and Minnesota Twins failed, as the Twins were compelled to fulfill the terms of their lease at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome. Loria's partners in the Expos ownership consortium filed a Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) lawsuit against Loria and Major League Baseball, eventually going to arbitration, with the arbitration panel finding in favor of Loria. The Expos were ultimately transferred to Washington, D.C. as the Nationals. While the move was welcomed by baseball fans in Washington, it has led to many bitter feelings among Montreal – as well as Canadian – baseball fans. Many speculate that Loria never intended to keep the team in Montreal. The feelings among some Canadian baseball fans are so strong that when Loria chose Remembrance Day to announce his team's new name and stadium, Richard Griffin, a well-known Canadian baseball columnist wrote:

It's ironic that Loria and the Marlins held their celebration in Miami on Remembrance Day because there's a generation of fans north of the border that will never forget (about how Loria's actions led to the Expos leaving town).Florida/Miami Marlins
Shortly after selling the Expos, <mask> officially became owner of the Marlins on February 12, 2002. Loria won his first World Series as an owner in his second full season in Florida, as the Marlins beat the Yankees four games to two in the  World Series. In 2013, Forbes evaluated the current value for the Miami Marlins at around $520 million. As of May 12, 2009, the Marlins were 569–564 under Loria. On November 11, 2011, the Florida Marlins officially rebranded themselves the Miami Marlins with a new logo, uniform, and color scheme. The franchise, which previously paid rent at Sun Life Stadium, had been trying for years to finance a new retractable roof ballpark. The City of Miami and Miami-Dade County both voted to approve construction of a new baseball stadium for the Marlins.Marlins Park is located in the area formerly occupied by the Miami Orange Bowl football stadium. Construction was completed by opening day 2012. Before the stadium deal was in place, the team shed star players to pare down payroll to among baseball's lowest in 2006, and was given permission to explore options for relocating. The team then worked with the City of Miami and Miami-Dade County, in a public/private partnership, to build the 37,000 seat ballpark. A deal with the City of Miami and Miami-Dade County was eventually approved and the Marlins agreed to contribute $155 million toward the construction of a new retractable roof stadium. They were also made responsible for any cost overruns for the stadium, set in the Little Havana section of Miami. Financing for the facility was completed with tourist bed taxes and funds reserved specifically for convention centers and sporting facilities.The deal required taxpayer general funds to compensate all cost overruns, but the facility was completed on-time and under budget. The Marlins receive 100% of all revenues from the stadium, but must pay all costs associated with operating the facility. The first Major League Baseball game in the new stadium was against the St. Louis Cardinals on April 4, 2012. Following a disappointing season in which the Marlins finished last in their division, the Marlins completed a 12-player trade on November 19, 2012 with the Toronto Blue Jays as part of an effort to pare down the team's payroll. This led local and national sportswriters, as well as Marlins fans, to criticize Loria's stated intentions of building a competitive team. Much of the controversy stemmed from the demands on local government to fund much of the construction at Marlins Park. Although the Marlins faced the threat of boycotts during the 2013 season from local residents, politicians, and sportswriters, Loria defended the November 2012 trade with the Blue Jays.He claimed that despite the Marlins' hefty payroll in 2012, the fans did not sell out the facility as imagined and that the organization was not winning and needed to "take a new course" in order to do so. In April 2013, Loria reportedly had Ricky Nolasco and José Fernández switch the games of a doubleheader in which they were scheduled to pitch, violating clubhouse protocol. In July 2013, hitting coach Tino Martinez, who had been handpicked by Loria, resigned following allegations that he verbally and physically assaulted players, including Chris Valaika. When the organization considered promoting Valaika to the majors in August after Plácido Polanco was placed on the disabled list, Loria vetoed the transaction, and the team promoted Gil Velazquez instead. Loria has been called "baseball's most hated man", its "worst owner", and even one of the "worst owner(s) in sports history". He is a "widely despised" figure in South Florida; in 2012, a Miami Herald poll found him with a six percent favorability rating among Marlins fans and Major League Baseball fans in South Florida. <mask> sold the team in 2017 to a group led by Bruce Sherman.Political controversy
In February 2017, it was reported that <mask> had been in negotiations to sell the Marlins to the family of Jared Kushner, son-in-law of Donald Trump, and that the parties came to "a handshake deal". At the same time, the Trump Administration was working to name Loria the United States ambassador to France. In response, Kushner announced that his family would not buy the club if Loria was appointed to the position. Personal life
In 1980, he married Sivia Samson (divorced attorney Allen Samson); they divorced in 2005. His stepson, David Samson, served as the Marlins team president until September 2017. In 2007, he married Julie Lavin <mask>. Loria still runs his art dealership, and is an honorary member of the board of overseers of the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University in New York.He formerly served on the board of the Art Dealers Association of America. Loria splits his time between homes in New York and South Florida. References

External links
"The most loathed man in MLB? There's another side to <mask>" ESPN, April 13, 2017

1940 births
Living people
Major League Baseball executives
Montreal Expos owners
Miami Marlins owners
American art dealers
Businesspeople from New York City
Stuyvesant High School alumni
Columbia Business School alumni
Yale University alumni
American company founders
Jewish American baseball people
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Jeffrey Harold Loria
Loria
. Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Loria
Jeffrey Loria


texts:
<mask> (born 13 August 1990) is a British  short track speed skater. She was coached by Nicky Gooch and she specialised in the 1000m event. She is ten times a European gold medallist, including two overall European titles in 2015 and 2016. In the 2017 World Championships in Rotterdam she won world titles in the 1000m and 1500m events, as well as the overall gold, the first British woman and first European woman to do so. Early life
<mask> was born in Livingston, Scotland in 1990. She went to school at St Margaret's Academy in Livingston. <mask> later studied in Loughborough College on the Advanced Level Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE) sports programme.She was originally a figure skater but took up speed skating when she was about twelve years old. She then chose to stick with speed skating at the age of fifteen, when she moved to Nottingham to train full-time at the National Ice Centre. She has given her reason for switching her ice discipline as "I just didn't like the fact figure skating has judging. I prefer the first over the line, wins the race." Sporting career

European Championships
At the 2010 European Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Dresden, Germany, <mask> won a silver medal in the 1500m and 3000m, and took the overall bronze medal. At the 2013 European Championships in Malmö, Sweden, <mask> won gold in the 1500m and 1000m, and took the overall silver medal behind defending champion Arianna Fontana from Italy. <mask> retained her 1000m title from the previous year at the 2014 European Championships in Dresden.She also won a silver medal as part of the British team in the 3000m relay, and narrowly missed out on a medal in the 1500m where she finished fourth. As a result, she took the overall silver medal behind gold medallist Jorien ter Mors from the Netherlands. She claimed her first overall European title at the 2015 European Championships in Dordrecht, Netherlands, after winning gold in the 500m and 1500m and finishing second in the 3000m super final. At the 2016 European Championships in Sochi, Russia, <mask> retained her overall European title after winning gold in the 500m, 1000m and 1500m events. <mask> did not participate in the 2017 European Championships because she was concentrating on training for the 2017 World Championships. World Championships
At the 2013 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Debrecen, Hungary, <mask> won a bronze medal in 1000m. In addition <mask> was the 1000 metres champion for the 2012–13 World Cup season.At the 2014 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, <mask> won a silver medal in 500m and came 4th overall. At the 2015 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Moscow, Russia, <mask> took two silvers in the 500m and 1000m, becoming the first British skater to win two medals at a World Short Track Speed Skating Championships. At the 2016 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Seoul, South Korea, <mask> took a total of four medals, winning the bronze in the 1500m before taking a silver in the 1000m and a bronze in the 3000m to take the overall bronze. At the 2017 World Short Track Speed Skating Championships in Rotterdam, Netherlands, she became the first British woman to win a speed skating world championship when she took the gold medal in the 1500m. She also finished fourth in the 500m before taking a second gold in the 1000m and a bronze in the 3000m to clinch the overall gold, becoming the first non-Asian skater to win the women's overall world title in 23 years. Earlier that season, on 13 November 2016, <mask> set a new world record for the 500m short track speed skating event, clocking 42.335 seconds in the quarter-finals at the second World Cup meeting of the season in Salt Lake City. In recognition of this achievement, <mask> was hailed as the "fastest woman on ice" and a special banner celebrating her success was unveiled at the National Ice Centre.Olympic Games

2010 Winter Olympics
<mask> competed in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada finishing 11th in the 500m, 19th in the 1000m and 20th in the 1500m. 2014 Winter Olympics
At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia, <mask> entered the 500m, 1000m and 1500m events with high hopes of winning a medal. She reached the A final of the 500m, but was disqualified when she collided with Italian skater Arianna Fontana, finishing eighth after being ranked below the B finalists. She was also harassed on Twitter by South Koreans who accused her of causing Park Seung-Hi to crash. This led to calls from the BOA to improve the policing of comments made on athletes' Twitter and Facebook accounts and for <mask> to close her Twitter account. She competed in the 1500m event two days later, where she was disqualified in the heats for not crossing the finishing line, reportedly only 1 cm off the permitted leeway. <mask> qualified for the 1000m quarter-finals by comfortably winning her heat, and she won her quarter-final race; but she was then disqualified for the third time, in the semi-final, after colliding with China's Jianrou Li on the final turn of the race.2018 Winter Olympics
At the 2018 Winter Olympics in PyeongChang, South Korea, <mask> set the first Olympic record of the games during the qualification round of the 500m event, with a time of 42.872 seconds. This was broken a few minutes later in the same round by Choi Min-jeong by 0.002 seconds. <mask> regained the Olympic record in the quarter-finals with a time of 42.703 seconds, only to lose it again to Choi Min-jeong in the semi-finals. <mask> finished second in her semi-final before crashing out in the 500 metre final as Yara Van Kerkhof's skate clipped her hand when Van Kerkhof was under-taking her; <mask> finished fourth while Van Kerkhof took silver. In the 1500 metre event, <mask> finished first in her heat but crashed out of her semi-final race in a collision with Li Jinyu, for which she was disqualified. <mask> was taken to hospital with an injury to her right ankle, putting her participation in the 1000m event in doubt. In her 1000m heat, <mask> fell before the first corner, causing the race to be restarted.On the second attempt, <mask> finished second, qualifying for the quarter-finals, but was carried off the track in pain by her coach. However, the judges considered that she had committed an offence by causing two separate collision incidents, which led to her being disqualified from the event. <mask> had stated her intention to return to short track speed skating for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. She also considered taking up long track speed skating and a possibility to complete in both short and long track in 2022. Retirement and possible comeback
On 14 December 2021, <mask> announced her retirement from short track speed skating after an ankle injury prevented her from qualifying for the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing. Just over two months after her announcement, during a live TV interview, <mask> indicated a potential return to short track speed skating and expressed hopes of competing at the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo. She stated that she would have to self-fund her next Olympic bid and is expecting to train outside of the United Kingdom, with an intention to focus on the shorter 500 and 1000 metre distances.Personal life
<mask> was named Nottingham Sportswoman of the Year in 2013 and 2015 (and runner-up in 2014). She was named Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year in 2017, in recognition of her world title success at the 2017 World Championships. She was in a relationship with Hungarian short track speed skater Shaolin Sándor Liu from October 2015, before breaking up at the 2018 Winter Olympics. <mask> discussed via a social media post in 2019 highlighting mental health awareness that she had suffered from depression and anxiety for a two-year period, including self-harm. In September 2021, <mask> revealed that she had been raped when she was 19, on a night out in Nottingham in 2010, after having her drink spiked. See also
 Short track speed skating at the 2018 Winter Olympics

References

1990 births
Living people
British female short track speed skaters
Olympic short track speed skaters of Great Britain
Short track speed skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Short track speed skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
People from Livingston, West Lothian
Sportspeople from West Lothian
People educated at St Margaret's Academy
World Short Track Speed Skating Championships medalists
The Sunday Times Sportswoman of the Year winners

masks:
Elise Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Elise Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Christie
Elise Christie
Christie
Christie


texts:
<mask> (September 3, 1928 – September 27, 2009) was an American billionaire businessman and philanthropist. He co-founded The Gap Inc. clothing stores with his wife Doris F<mask>. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Francisco, California to a Jewish family, the eldest of three sons of <mask> (née Emanuel) and <mask>, a cabinetmaker. He spent his childhood in the then-middle-class Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco,

In 1951, <mask> graduated with a B.S. in business administration from the University of California, Berkeley. He is an alumnus of the Theta Zeta chapter of the national fraternity Delta Kappa Epsilon. After school, he served as a U.S.Naval Reserve  as an officer and then worked for his father as a cabinet-maker for L. & E. Emanuel Incorporated, a mill and cabinet making firm created by his great-grandfather that his mother inherited after her father died. In the 1960s <mask> started his own business renovating hotels and bought the Capitol Park Hotel in Sacramento fortuitously leasing some retail space to Levi Strauss & Co. which opened a showroom. Lou Romanello, who managed the Levi store first had the idea for a “Wall of Levi’s” containing many different sizes, something that had not been done before in department stores of the time. After unsuccessfully trying to return a pair of Levi's jeans that did not fit, he noticed that most department stores only carried a few sizes, <mask> realized Lou was onto something. <mask> invited Romanello to partner with him, but Lou, a second generation Italian immigrant with an 8th grade education was loyal to Levi Strauss, and turned him down. <mask> and his wife went on to open their first store carrying all sizes of jeans and named it the Gap after the "Generation Gap." The store sold Levi's jeans as well as records and tapes in order to  capture the 12-to-25-year-old target market.In 1972, the Fishers launched the Gap label, becoming the first chain in retail history to use its store name as the brand name. The Gap was a resounding success and filed for an IPO in 1973. They went on to purchase Banana Republic, a small, two store mail-order catalogue business; and also founded Old Navy which reached $1 billion in sales in four years. <mask> served as CEO until 1995, Chairman of the Board until 2004, and as company director and Chairman Emeritus until his death. According to Forbes magazine, his net worth was estimated to be US$3.3 billion. <mask> was a founding Board Member of the Presidio Trust (the public corporation that runs the Presidio of San Francisco), a post nominated by the President of the United States. He was married to Doris Feigenbaum, and was a long-time member of Congregation Emanu-El in San Francisco.Their three sons continue to manage the business. He was a non-executive director of Vodafone from 1999–2000. Philanthropy
<mask> was active in several public education causes, including being a major contributor to KIPP charter schools—a national network of low-income, high-achieving college preparatory public charter schools: he was the chairman of the board of trustees of the KIPP Foundation, the non-profit central organization of the KIPP network. He was also a contributor to Teach For America, GreatSchools.net, and EdVoice, a statewide coalition of California business leaders and others who support education reform. <mask> also served on the California State Board of Education. <mask> and his family donated a generous sum of money to Princeton University in 2006, and the Fisher Hall dormitory at Princeton's new residential college, Whitman College, is named for him. He has also donated to charter schools and museums in San Francisco, including the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and paid for public sculptures in San Francisco.In 2007, <mask> was honored as the Alumnus of the Year by the California Alumni Association at the University of California, Berkeley. He also contributed to many Bay Area Jewish causes, including the Jewish Community Center of San Francisco and the S.F.-based Jewish Community Federation and Endowment Fund. Art collection
Since founding the Gap in 1969, <mask> and his wife Doris began collecting contemporary Western art. In 1993, ARTnews Magazine declared <mask> one of the top ten art collectors in the world. His collection, largely housed at the Gap headquarters in San Francisco, includes comprehensive, career-spanning works by Andy Warhol, Alexander Calder and Roy Lichtenstein, Ellsworth Kelly, Gerhard Richter, Anselm Kiefer, Chuck Close, and Claes Oldenburg and Coosje van Bruggen. On August 8, 2007, <mask> announced plans to build a  museum in the San Francisco Presidio, tentatively named the Contemporary Art Museum of the Presidio, to house his art collection. The museum, if it had been built, would have been larger than the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMoMA).However, the plan engendered widespread skepticism and even outright antagonism among some historic preservationists in San Francisco. In July 2009, <mask> announced that he and his wife were abandoning their efforts to build the museum at San Francisco's Presidio, stating "Doris and I will take some time to consider the future of our collection and other possible locations for a museum, which could include other sites within the Presidio and elsewhere." In September 2009, <mask> and <mask> decided to enter into a partnership with SFMOMA to display the collection. Awards and honors
Philanthropy Hall of Fame
1991: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
2011: California Hall of Fame

Death
One day after the San Francisco Chronicle article on the SFMOMA partnership, the Chronicle reported that <mask> died of cancer at home on Sunday morning, September 27, 2009. References

External links

GAP Official Website
Don Fisher Daily Telegraph obituary
Gap Inc. Don Fisher biography
KIPP Foundation

1928 births
2009 deaths
American billionaires
American businesspeople in retailing
American company founders
American fashion businesspeople
California Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Jewish American philanthropists
Haas School of Business alumni
Vodafone people
20th-century American philanthropists
Fisher family
Gap Inc. people
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Donald George Fisher
. Fisher
Fisher
Aileen Fisher
Sydney Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Donald
Doris Fisher
Fisher


texts:
<mask> (born 7 March 1986) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Exmouth Town. He spent most of his early professional career at Exeter City and has since played for their rivals Torquay United and non-League side Truro City. <mask> rejoined Torquay in 2011 but failed to feature in a league match in 2011–12; he finally made his first league appearance since rejoining the club in November 2012. Career

Exeter City

Born in Exeter, <mask> came through the youth scheme at Exeter City, his hometown club, being promoted from the youth team to the senior side in July 2003. <mask> began his professional career with the Grecians, making his debut aged 17, and spent four seasons at the club. He made his debut in a 3–2 win against Barnet on 7 October 2003. In his first season, 2003–04, he made five league appearances and two FA Cup appearances.He improved on this record in 2004–05, making 18 appearances in all competitions. <mask> was sent off in Exeter's 3–2 win over Dagenham & Redbridge on 7 December 2004, after fouling Dagenham forward Craig Mackail-Smith. However, in 2005–06, <mask> only made five appearances, and despite making 27 league appearances the next season, he moved to Torquay United in 2007–08 after reaching the end of his contract with Exeter. <mask> played a significant role in the Grecians' run to the Conference play-offs, and played in both of Exeter's semi-final ties with Oxford United. Exeter lost 1–0 in the home leg on 4 May 2007, but managed to win 2–1 in the away leg to send the match to a penalty-shoot out. <mask> saved Barry Quinn's penalty as Exeter won 4–3 in the shoot-out. <mask> returned to St James Park in May 2011 to play for an Exeter XI in Adam Stansfield's testimonial.Since leaving Exeter he has also worked for the club's Football in the Community Trust, running goalkeeper coaching courses in February 2010. Torquay United
<mask>'s first spell with Torquay United resulted in nine league appearances, in a side that had just been relegated to the Conference National for the first time. <mask> failed to establish himself as a regular in the side and was mostly used as backup to the more experienced Canadian goalkeeper Simon Rayner. <mask> made more appearances in various cup competitions, amassing 11 cup appearances (including three FA Cup games) in total and 20 appearances for the season in all competitions. One of these cup appearances was in the FA Trophy 2007–08 Final against Ebbsfleet United, where Torquay lost 1–0. <mask> gave away a penalty after bringing down future teammate Chris McPhee, but made amends by saving the resulting spot-kick to keep the scores level. In a 2012 interview, <mask> hailed the penalty stop as "the best save I ever made – especially as I'd given the pen away!".He had also played in Torquay's FA Trophy semi-final first-leg win over York City, keeping a clean sheet in a 2–0 win, and the second-leg defeat to York on 15 March 2008. <mask> was loaned to Truro City for the majority of the 2008–09 season, returning towards the end of the season to be part of Torquay's play-off squad. He was an unused substitute in Torquay's 2–0 2009 Conference National play-off Final victory over Cambridge United on 17 May 2009. <mask> agreed a new one-year deal with Torquay to stay at Plainmoor as they made their return to the Football League. However, he lasted just three months into the contract. After impressing coaches at Truro during his loan spell, <mask> left for Cornwall on a free transfer on 29 September 2009 after being released by Torquay. Truro City
In his loan spell with City in 2008–09, <mask> made 20 league appearances, even scoring a goal in the process.With Truro 3–0 up against Abingdon United in injury time in February 2009, they were awarded a penalty. <mask> was given the honours and duly converted, for the only goal of his career so far. <mask> kept five clean sheets in his loan spell. He was unable to play in FA Cup or FA Trophy games for Truro whilst on loan, and Torquay had a 24-hour recall on the goalkeeper. After impressing on loan from Torquay, <mask> signed a permanent deal with Truro a few games into the 2009–10 season; Truro registered the goalkeeper on 1 September 2009. Because he had dropped into non-League football, <mask> found himself a part-time footballer and worked on a building site to supplement his income. <mask> actually made fewer appearances in his first season as a full Truro player, playing 12 games compared to 20 when he was on loan.Two of these appearances were against Mangotsfield United and Maidenhead United in the FA Cup qualifying stages, but the rest of his appearances came in the league. <mask>'s second full season at City was more successful, as he made 37 appearances in all competitions. Five of these appearances came in cup competitions, namely three games in the FA Trophy and two in the FA Cup qualifying rounds. <mask> enjoyed more success in the league, keeping an impressive 14 clean sheets in 32 games. This rate of almost a clean sheet every other game was a step up from 2008–09, when the custodian only managed an average of one every four games. During his time at the club, <mask> helped the White Tigers to the Conference South, after they had been in the Southern Football League prior to his arrival. In the 2010–11 season, <mask> kept six clean sheets as Truro went on a 10-game unbeaten run.He made his last appearance for Truro in a 3–2 loss to Falmouth Town on 12 July 2011, in the Aubrey Wilkes Trophy, just three days before he left for Torquay. In total, <mask> made 69 appearances in all competitions for Truro. <mask>'s contract with Truro stated that if a league club wanted to buy <mask>, he would be allowed to leave. New Torquay manager <mask> heard about this clause and decided to sign <mask> as cover for first-choice goalkeeper Bobby Olejnik. Return to Torquay

2011–12

After two seasons with Truro, <mask> returned to Torquay as one of new manager <mask>'s first signings, with the deal being completed on 15 July 2011 and United registering the player on 30 July. <mask> was likely to be backup to Austrian goalkeeper Bobby Olejnik, who was signed from Falkirk at around the same time. <mask> made his second debut for the Gulls in the 2–0 friendly win over Bristol City, coming on at half-time for Olejnik.<mask> missed the following friendly against his old club Exeter City, which resulted in a 3–0 win for the Gulls. However, he conceded his first goals in his second spell for Torquay in the 3–1 friendly loss to Burnley. <mask> scored an unfortunate own goal in this match to make it 3–1 to Burnley. Bobby Olejnik began the season as Torquay's first-choice goalkeeper. <mask> was limited to reserve team football, including a 1–0 win against Yeovil Town reserves in which he kept a clean sheet, and the 3–1 loss to Brighton & Hove Albion reserves. He made his competitive debut for Torquay in the Football League Trophy on 30 August 2011 in the Gulls' 2–1 loss to Cheltenham Town. <mask> had to wait until 10 January 2012 for his next first team appearance, playing in United's Devon Bowl quarter–final against Willand Rovers.Torquay eventually won the game on penalties, with <mask> saving one of Willand's seven efforts, but <mask> had his spot–kick saved.<mask> suffered a groin strain soon afterwards and missed Torquay reserves' 3–2 loss to Bournemouth reserves on 17 January 2012. He was replaced in goal by youth team goalkeeper Aaron Ibbetson. <mask> returned as first–choice goalkeeper for the reserves in their final Combination League fixture of the season, a 4–2 loss to Forest Green Rovers on 31 January 2012. The goalkeeper played in United's 1–1 friendly draw with Tiverton Town on 15 February 2012, and despite his performance being described as "outstanding" by <mask>, <mask> was at fault for Tiverton's goal. On 21 February 2012, <mask> played in Torquay's 3–0 loss to non-League Buckland Athletic in the quarter-finals of the Devon Bowl. <mask> faced former club Exeter City on 27 February 2012 in a 1–1 friendly draw. He featured in Torquay's 1–1 friendly draw with Bideford AFC on 2 May 2012, making a number of important saves to earn a draw for his side.After Torquay lost 2–0 to Cheltenham Town in the away leg of their play–off semi–final, some United fans called for <mask> to be replaced on the bench by a more attacking option. However, Torquay manager <mask> defended his decision to retain the goalkeeper as one of his five substitutes for the home leg, saying "I won't go into the game without <mask> on the bench. If Bobby Olejnik gets injured in the first two minutes, we would be handing it over on a plate by not having a goalkeeper on the bench". At the end of the season, United left-back Kevin Nicholson nominated <mask> as "Player of the Season" for his attitude and enthusiasm, which was also praised by Ling: "The enthusiasm and drive he brings to the place is phenomenal...I've been really pleased with how he has done the job as number two." 2012–13

Although Olejnik was sold to Peterborough United in June, <mask> was still expected to begin the 2012–13 season as Torquay's second–choice goalkeeper behind new signing Michael Poke. <mask> made his first pre-season appearance in Torquay's first friendly, playing the opening 45 minutes in a 3–0 defeat of the Royal Marines on 20 July 2012. The goalkeeper was then introduced as a half-time substitute in United's 2–0 victory over Tiverton Town on 24 July.<mask> also played the second 45 minutes of Torquay's 2–1 loss to Leeds United on 27 July. Four days later <mask> returned to St James Park for a 3–3 draw with Exeter City in which he played the full ninety minutes. Once more beginning the league campaign on the bench, <mask> made his first appearance of the 2012–13 season in a 1–1 development game draw with Nike Football Academy on 4 September 2012. On 19 September, <mask> played in another development game, a 2–1 win over AFC Bournemouth. <mask> finally made his first league start for the first-team since rejoining Torquay in a 1–0 loss at Barnet on 6 November 2012, replacing the injured Michael Poke in the second half. With Poke still injured, <mask> made his first ever Football League start and first league start since rejoining Torquay in a 0–0 draw with Oxford United; having made several crucial saves to preserve his team's clean sheet, Ling said the goalkeeper "came through [the game] with flying colours and made some great saves. He can be very proud of himself."<mask> retained his place in the starting line-up for the visit of Southend United on 17 November, but following a 4–1 home defeat, he lost his place to the fit-again Poke. <mask> saved a penalty in United's 3–0 shoot-out win over Liverton United in the Devon Bowl on 4 December 2012; he had earlier been booked and conceded a penalty. He replaced Michael Poke early in the 3–1 defeat to Bradford City on 1 April 2013 after Poke suffered a rib injury. <mask> subsequently played the entirety of Torquay's 1–0 loss at Gillingham on 6 April 2013. Despite not featuring again in United's fight against relegation, on 9 May 2013 the club confirmed that <mask> was one of seven players to be offered a new deal at the end of the season. On 24 May, <mask> agreed a new contract to keep him at Plainmoor for the 2013–14 season. 2013–14
Although new manager Alan Knill also appeared to prefer Poke as the club's first choice goalkeeper, Poke picked up an injury early in pre-season and <mask> therefore played in all of Torquay's friendlies.With Poke still only half-fit, <mask> retained his place for the opening league game of the 2013–14 season against AFC Wimbledon on 3 August 2013; he made several excellent saves in a 1–1 draw and was named Man of the Match. He continued his fine form into Torquay's 1–0 loss at Swindon Town in the Football League Cup on 6 August, saving Alex Pritchard's penalty. Knill described his performance as "exceptional", adding "He looks calm and composed, and I'm really delighted for him. He hasn't always been a professional, so he clings on to it and understands we lead a privileged lifestyle." <mask>'s good form led to him winning the club's August and October Player of the Month awards for his "extravagant saves and solid handling". 2015–present

On 25 April 2015 <mask> departed Torquay United after both parties agreed to go their separate ways. On 3 July 2015 <mask> signed for newly promoted Truro City.<mask> signed for Tiverton Town in June 2017 along with his Truro team-mate Ollie Knowles. He left the club in January 2018, with Tiverton manager Martyn Rogers commenting:"I thought <mask> did well in the first half of the season, I just felt as though for some reason he's just gone off the boil a bit. I think it was affecting the defenders in front of him as well, so we just needed freshening up." The goalkeeper subsequently joined Exmouth Town in March 2018. Personal life
<mask> still lives in Exeter, the place of his birth. He has a son, Korban, of whom <mask> has said "the majority of my spare time is taken up with him". While playing for Truro in 2010–2011, <mask> lived in Topsham, Devon."Career statistics

Updated 15 July 2014

Honours
Truro City
 Southern Football League Division One South & West 2008–09: Champions
 Southern League Premier Division 2010–11: Champions

References

External links

 Profile at Torquay United's official website

Living people
1986 births
English footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Exeter City F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Tiverton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Gosport Borough F.C. players

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<mask> (born 10 February 1966) is a Scottish systems administrator and hacker who was accused in 2002 of perpetrating the "biggest military computer hack of all time", although <mask> himself states that he was merely looking for evidence of free energy suppression and a cover-up of UFO activity and other technologies potentially useful to the public. On 16 October 2012, after a series of legal proceedings in Britain, then Home Secretary Theresa May blocked extradition to the United States. Alleged crime
McKinnon was accused of hacking into 97 United States military and NASA computers over a 13-month period between February 2001 and March 2002, at the house of his girlfriend's aunt in London, using the name 'Solo'. US authorities stated he deleted critical files from operating systems, which shut down the United States Army's Military District of Washington network of 2000 computers for 24 hours. McKinnon also posted a notice on the military's website: "Your security is crap". After the September 11 attacks in 2001, he allegedly deleted weapons logs at the Earle Naval Weapons Station, rendering its network of 300 computers inoperable and paralyzing munitions supply deliveries for the US Navy's Atlantic Fleet. McKinnon was also accused of copying data, account files and passwords onto his own computer.US authorities stated that the cost of tracking and correcting the problems he caused was over $700,000. While not admitting that it constituted evidence of destruction, McKinnon did admit leaving a threat on one computer:

US authorities stated that McKinnon was trying to downplay his own actions. A senior military officer at the Pentagon told The Sunday Telegraph:

Arrest and legal proceedings
McKinnon was first interviewed by police on 19 March 2002. After this interview, his computer was seized by the authorities. He was interviewed again on 8 August 2002, this time by the UK National Hi-Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU). In November 2002, <mask> was indicted by a federal grand jury in the Eastern District of Virginia. The indictment contained seven counts of computer-related crime, each of which carried a potential ten-year jail sentence.Extradition proceedings
McKinnon remained at liberty without restriction for three years until June 2005 (until after the UK enacted the Extradition Act 2003, which implemented the 2003 extradition treaty with the United States wherein the United States did not need to provide contestable evidence), when he became subject to bail conditions including a requirement to sign in at his local police station every evening and to remain at his home address at night. If extradited to the U.S. and charged, McKinnon would have faced up to 70 years in jail. He had also expressed fears that he could be sent to Guantanamo Bay. Appeal to the House of Lords
Representing McKinnon in the House of Lords on 16 June 2008, barristers told the Law Lords that the prosecutors had said McKinnon faced a possible 8–10 years in jail per count if he contested the charges (there were seven counts) without any chance of repatriation, but only 37–46 months if he co-operated and went voluntarily to the United States. U.S.-style plea bargains are not a part of English jurisprudence (although it is standard practice to reduce the sentence by one-third for a defendant who pleads guilty). McKinnon's barrister said that the Law Lords could deny extradition if there was an abuse of process: "If the United States wish to use the processes of English courts to secure the extradition of an alleged offender, then they must play by our rules." The House of Lords rejected this argument, with the lead judgement (of Lord Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood) holding that "the difference between the American system and our own is not perhaps so stark as [McKinnon]'s argument suggests" and that extradition proceedings should "accommodate legal and cultural differences between the legal systems of the many foreign friendly states with whom the UK has entered into reciprocal extradition arrangements".Further appeals
McKinnon appealed to the European Court of Human Rights, which briefly imposed a bar on the extradition. On 23 January 2009, McKinnon won permission from the High Court to apply for a judicial review against his extradition. On 31 July 2009, the High Court announced that McKinnon had lost this appeal. British government blocks extradition
On 16 October 2012, then-Home Secretary Theresa May announced to the House of Commons that the extradition had been blocked, saying that:Mr McKinnon is accused of serious crimes. But there is also no doubt that he is seriously ill ... He has Asperger's syndrome, and suffers from depressive illness. Mr McKinnon's extradition would give rise to such a high risk of him ending his life that a decision to extradite would be incompatible with Mr McKinnon's human rights.She stated that the Director of Public Prosecutions would determine whether McKinnon should face trial before a British court.On 14 December, the DPP, Keir Starmer, announced that McKinnon would not be prosecuted in the United Kingdom, because of the difficulties involved in bringing a case against him when the evidence was in the United States. Judicial review
In January 2010, Mr Justice Mitting granted McKinnon a further judicial review of the decision of Home Secretary Alan Johnson to allow McKinnon's extradition. Mitting distinguished two issues which were arguable, the first being whether psychiatrist Jeremy Turk's opinion that McKinnon would certainly commit suicide if extradited means that the Home Secretary must refuse extradition under section 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998 (which prevents a public authority from acting in a way incompatible with convention rights). The second was whether Turk's opinion was a fundamental change to the circumstances that the courts had previously considered and ruled upon. Mitting ruled that if the answer to both questions was "Yes", then it was arguable that it would be unlawful to allow the extradition. Support for McKinnon
In early November 2008, eighty British MPs signed an Early Day Motion calling for any custodial sentence imposed by an American court to be served in a prison in the UK. On 15 July 2009, many voted in Parliament against a review of the extradition treaty.In November 2008, the rock group Marillion announced that it was ready to participate in a benefit concert in support of McKinnon's struggle to avoid extradition to United States. The organiser of the planned event was Ross Hemsworth, an English radio host. No date had been set as of November 2008. Many prominent individuals voiced support, including Sting, Trudie Styler, Julie Christie, David Gilmour, Graham Nash, Peter Gabriel, The Proclaimers, Bob Geldof, Chrissie Hynde, David Cameron, Boris Johnson, Stephen Fry, and Terry Waite. All proposed that, at least, he should be tried in the UK. In August 2009, Glasgow newspaper The Herald reported that Scots entrepreneur Luke Heron would pay £100,000 towards McKinnon's legal costs in the event he was extradited to the US. In a further article in The Herald, Joseph Gutheinz, Jr., a retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent, voiced his support for McKinnon.Gutheinz, who is also an American criminal defence attorney and former Member of the Texas Criminal Justice Advisory Committee on Offenders with Medical and Mental Impairments, said that he feared <mask>on would not find justice in the US, because "the American judicial system turns a blind eye towards the needs of the mentally ill". Web and print media across the UK were critical of the extradition. Janis Sharp, McKinnon's mother, stood as an independent candidate in the 2010 general election in Blackburn in protest against the sitting Labour MP Jack Straw, who was Foreign Secretary when the extradition treaty was agreed. She finished last out of eight candidates with 0.38% of the vote. On 20 July 2010, Tom Bradby, ITN's political editor, raised the <mask>on issue with U.S. President Barack Obama and Prime Minister David Cameron in a joint White House press conference who responded that they had discussed it and were working to find an 'appropriate solution'. Song
In August 2009, Pink Floyd's David Gilmour released an online single, "Chicago - Change the World", on which he sang and played guitar, bass and keyboards, to promote awareness of McKinnon's plight. A re-titled cover of the Graham Nash song "Chicago", it featured Chrissie Hynde and Bob Geldof, plus McKinnon himself.It was produced by long-time Pink Floyd collaborator Chris Thomas and was made with Nash's support. Statements to the media
McKinnon has admitted in many public statements that he obtained unauthorised access to computer systems in the United States including those mentioned in the United States indictment. He states his motivation, drawn from a statement made before the Washington Press Club on 9 May 2001 by the Disclosure Project, was to find evidence of UFOs, antigravity technology, and the suppression of "free energy", all of which he states to have proven through his actions. In an interview televised on the BBC's Click programme, he stated of the Disclosure Project that "they are some very credible, relied-upon people, all saying yes, there is UFO technology, there's anti-gravity, there's free energy, and it's extraterrestrial in origin and [they've] captured spacecraft and reverse engineered it." He said he investigated a NASA photographic expert's claim that at the Johnson Space Center's Building 8, images were regularly cleaned of evidence of UFO craft, and confirmed this, comparing the raw originals with the "processed" images. He stated to have viewed a detailed image of "something not man-made" and "cigar shaped" floating above the northern hemisphere, and assuming his viewing would be undisrupted owing to the hour, he did not think of capturing the image because he was "bedazzled", and therefore did not think of securing it with the screen capture function in the software at the point when his connection was interrupted. Radio play
On 12 December 2007, BBC Radio 4 broadcast John Fletcher's 45-minute radio play about the case, entitled The McKinnon Extradition.See also
 1980 Rendlesham Forest incident
 Adrian Lamo
 Babar Ahmad
 David Carruthers
 Peter Dicks
 Richard O'Dwyer
 Christopher Tappin
 Syed Talha Ahsan
 Lauri Love
 Julian Assange
 United Kingdom–United States relations

References

Further reading

 The Autistic Hacker: <mask>on hacked thousands of government computers by David Kushner, July 2011 IEEE Spectrum

External links

"<mask>on now offering Search Engine Optimisation services"
Support website by <mask>'s mother
Hacker Voice Radio interview with McKinnon
"The Briton facing 60 years in US prison after hacking into Pentagon"
Profile: <mask>on
Dan Bull—Free <mask> (an open letter to the Home Secretary)
Coverage of the <mask> case since 2006
16min video interview on Snotr

1966 births
21st-century Scottish criminals
Living people
Cybercrime
European Court of Human Rights cases involving the United Kingdom
Hackers
Criminals from Glasgow
People with Asperger syndrome
Free energy conspiracy theorists
British conspiracy theorists

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