texts:
<mask> "Frankie" <mask> (alternate spelling: Fragkiskos, ; born June 11, 1974) is a Greek former professional basketball player and current general manager of Panathinaikos Athens, alongside Dimitris Diamantidis. As a player, he was the long-time captain of Panathinaikos, where he spent his whole professional career. In 1990, <mask> joined Panathinaikos, after moving to the club from Glyfada. As a member of the Greens, he won eleven Greek League championships, five EuroLeague Championships, eight Greek Cup titles, and one FIBA Intercontinental Cup title. <mask> is commonly referred to as one of the best pure shooters of European basketball during the 1990s decade, and the beginning of the new millennium. He won the Greek League Three-Point Shootout Contest three years in a row (1996 I, 1996 II, 1997), and he shot 41.0 percent from three-point range throughout his EuroLeague career. <mask> played in the EuroLeague Final Four for the eight and final time in 2007.On February 3, 2008, <mask> was chosen as one of the 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors, over the previous half-century by the EuroLeague Basketball Experts Committee, in recognition of his major contribution to Panathinaikos' rise on the European continental scene. <mask> retired from playing professional club basketball, following the 2008–09 season. At the beginning of the 2009–10 season, his number 4 jersey was retired by the club. It was the first Panathinaikos basketball shirt number that the club had ever retired. The retired number 4 jersey was hung up in the rafters above the playing court of the Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall, along with the club's trophy banners. During his playing career, <mask> was also a regular member of the senior Greek national team, from 1995 to 2004. As a member of the Greek national team, he made it to the FIBA World Championship semifinals in 1998, and twice made it to the EuroBasket semifinals, in  1995 and 1997.Club career

1990–1996
<mask>' eventful transfer to Panathinaikos from Glyfada, cost Panathinaikos' men's water polo department, as it included the trade of the Panathinaikos Water Polo Club's main star, Dimitris Seletopoulos, in order to get Alvertis. A great deal had been accomplished for Panathinaikos in the trade however, as the years to come would demonstrate. <mask> was indeed an intriguing prospect at the time, almost 10 cm (4 inches) taller than the conventional shooting guard. His potential was proven to be great in the 1991 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, where <mask> led the Greek team to the silver medal alongside Panagiotis Liadelis. At the same time, Panathinaikos was going through a transition period during which the lackluster team of the late 1980s strove to become a European powerhouse. Consequently, young <mask> had to wait until the 1993–94 season to get significant playing time on a team with high ambitions, as PAO reached the EuroLeague Final Four. The star of the twenty-year-old player shone right away, particularly in the Top 8 playoff series against reigning champions Limoges.Alvertis averaged 13 points per game, forcing Head Coach Božidar Maljković to state that he already was to be counted as one of the very best players in Europe. Panathinaikos had a status to confirm in the 1994–95 season and <mask> helped them do so by elevating his play to an even higher level. Using his sharp shooting with a rare maturity for a player his age, he was a major contributor to his team's march towards a second consecutive EuroLeague Final Four. In the Top 8 playoffs against Kinder Bologna and Predrag Danilović, he averaged 12.7 points and 3.3 rebounds, while holding Danilović to just 8 points and 4–15 from the field in the decisive Game 3. Although the semifinal against Olympiacos proved to be tough, as he only shot 1-10 from the field for only 3 points, he scored a season high 29 points in the third place game against Limoges. <mask> finished his EuroLeague season averaging 12 points per game. In the 1995–96 season, Alvertis saw NBA legend Dominique Wilkins join the team and the EuroLeague title seemed closer than ever.He averaged 10.8 points per game in the competition, led Panathinaikos in scoring during the winning Final against Barcelona with 17 points, and was selected to the EuroLeague All-Final Four Team. In the Greek League semifinals, Panathinaikos faced a Panionios team under Dušan Ivković, featuring the likes of Žarko Paspalj and Fanis Christodoulou. <mask> scored 12 points in the last eight minutes of a dramatic Game 3, leading Panathinaikos to the Finals where they fell to Olympiacos. He also won the 1996 FIBA Intercontinental Cup, as he averaged 19.7 points per game against Olimpia de Venado Tuerto, who were the defending Argentine National League and FIBA South American League champions at the time. 1996–2004

<mask> cemented his role as one of Panathinaikos' main stars, in spite of the fact that the team experienced a dispiriting 1996–97 season. Although he increased his scoring average to 12.7 points per game, he was unable to help PAO reach the 1997 EuroLeague Final Four as they were bested by eventual champions Olympiacos in the quarterfinal playoffs. His 35 points facing Caja San Fernando set his EuroLeague personal record.The Greek League outcome would add up to the season's drama, as <mask>' 29 points against PAOK in Game 2 of the quarterfinal playoffs were not enough to prevent a 90–85 defeat. Strengthened by the addition of another NBA legend in Byron Scott for the 1997–98 season, Panathinaikos won their first national league title since 1984. In the memorable semifinal playoff series, AEK was coming off of a 1998 Euroleague Finals campaign, led by the likes of Bane Prelević, Willie Anderson and Victor Alexander. <mask> averaged 16.7 points per game and led Panathinaikos in scoring. Following the win in the final series against PAOK and Peja Stojaković, he was voted to the All-Greek League Team, alongside teammate Dino Radja. A dynasty was born in Greek basketball, and <mask> would soon become its captain. After an unexpected failure to reach the EuroLeague Top 8 in the 1998–99 season, Alvertis won one more Greek League title.Panathinaikos beat Olympiacos in the finals, after breaking home court advantage and winning the decisive Game 5 in the Peace and Friendship Stadium. In the 1999–00 season, having missed an important part of the season due to an injury, <mask> still came back on time. Performing efficient basketball, he helped Panathinaikos win their second EuroLeague championship, at the 2000 Thessaloniki EuroLeague Final Four, as well as their third straight Greek League championship, downing PAOK in the final. Together with Dejan Bodiroga, he led Panathinaikos in scoring in the final playoff series, averaging 15.7 points per game. The following season, <mask> helped lead Panathinaikos to the 2001 SuproLeague Final Four, averaging 13.4 points per game. The Greens lost to Maccabi Tel Aviv in the final. As for the Greek League, Olympiacos had once again a very solid team that year, featuring Dino Radja, David Rivers and Nikos Oikonomou.After the final series was tied at 2–2, Alvertis scored 23 points in Game 5, including seven straight points in the clutch, thus offering Panathinaikos one more Greek League title. His legend, especially among the green fans, was still growing. After winning everything at the club level, Alvertis' thirst for titles did not subside nonetheless. In the 2001–02 season he led the Panathinaikos offense along with Dejan Bodiroga, Damir Mulaomerović and İbrahim Kutluay, averaging 10.2 points per game; in the 2002 EuroLeague Final against Kinder Bologna, he scored 11 points, showing great leadership throughout the game. By lifting his third EuroLeague title, Alvertis proved that the sky was the limit concerning the number of his titles. Owing to the renovation of the Nikos Galis Olympic Indoor Hall for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, Panathinaikos had to move to the 2,500 capacity Sporting Arena for the 2002–03 season. The club's budget consequently decreased by nearly half, thus hurting the team's strength.Despite that, Panathinaikos led its regular season EuroLeague group with an 11–3 record. After averaging 12.7 points per game in the first three Top 16 games, <mask>’ season was cut short by an injury which caused him to miss the remaining three games. As a result, Panathinaikos did not manage to make it to the 2003 EuroLeague Final Four, without its natural leader. In the Greek League, <mask> was there to assure PAO's dominance, winning its fifth title in six seasons. He averaged 12 points per game in the finals against AEK, and was voted the Greek League MVP. Prior to that, he had led the Greens to their first Greek Cup since 1996, scoring 22 points in the final against Aris, and being named the tournament's MVP. The 2003–04 season presented many similarities to the previous one, as Panathinaikos remained in the Sporting Arena.Despite Alvertis averaging 11.2 points per game and providing veteran leadership in the locker room, his EuroLeague season ended again on an injury in the fourth game of the Top 16 against Barcelona. Panathinaikos was not able to reach further to the 2004 EuroLeague Final Four. Alvertis’ sixth Greek League title came after averaging 11 points in the playoffs, including a 21 points outing against Olympiacos in the quarterfinals. The latter was the seventh and last time he led all Panathinaikos scorers in a playoff matchup versus their archrivals. 2004–2009: A new role for a leader
The 2004–05 season meant an adjustment for the captain of Panathinaikos. Unable to contribute to Head Coach Obradović's demanding systems as efficiently as before, he was not starting in any of the games anymore. Nevertheless, he came off the bench as a spot shooter, who gave the team valuable perimeter scoring and experience.Along with the team's new stars Dimitris Diamantidis, Jaka Lakovič, and Mike Batiste, PAO made it to the 2005 EuroLeague Final Four in Moscow, where they lost to Šarūnas Jasikevičius' and Anthony Parker's Maccabi Tel Aviv. <mask> finished the EuroLeague season with an average 8.4 points per game, the lowest since his first EuroLeague campaign in the  1993–94 season. Finally that same season, he lifted another Greek League trophy, after averaging 12 points per game against AEK in the Greek League's Finals. During his sixteenth season with Panathinaikos, <mask> had the same role as in the previous year. Coming off the bench, he helped his team make the EuroLeague Top 8. In their playoff series, TAU Ceramica pulled off an upset during the decisive third game in Athens, thus preventing PAO from reaching

masks: Fragiskos Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis


type: original

texts:
 the 2006 EuroLeague Final Four. This disappointment was slightly relieved by the team's sweep against Olympiacos, in the Greek League Finals.The 2006–07 season was a great one for Panathinaikos, as they won the EuroLeague Final in Athens, as well as the Greek League and the Greek Cup titles. <mask>’ contribution had not been significant on the court, but the captain of the Greens was ready to serve his team whenever they needed him. The 2007–08 season confirmed that, with <mask> being the soul of the Greens in the locker room, even though his contribution on the court was again limited. PAO won both the Greek League and the Greek Cup yet another time. The 2008–09 season was his last on the team's roster, as his role was at that point had become merely symbolic. National team career

Greek junior national team
As one of the best European prospects at the age of 17, <mask> was selected to the Greek junior national team. With Greece's junior national team, he won the silver medal at the 1991 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship.He also played at the 1992 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, in which Greece finished in fourth place. He won another silver medal with Greece's junior national team, at the 1992 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship. Greek senior national team

1995–1998: The first steps
<mask>' first appearance with the senior men's Greek national team, was in a friendly game against Germany on 28 May 1993, when he was 18. The first major tournament in which <mask> represented the senior men's Greek national team was the EuroBasket 1995, when he was 21. Greece made it to the tournament's semifinals and finished the competition in fourth place. Serving as Giorgos Sigalas' substitution, <mask> did not start in any of the games, nor did he get very significant playing time. He finished the tournament averaging 4.9 points per game.The following year, <mask> was already a permanent member of the Greek team and took part at the 1996 Summer Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia. Even though he still was not starting the games, his contribution rose to 8.6 points per game, as Greece finished at an all-time Olympics best fifth position. It was obvious however, that the departure of the legendary Greek national team player Panagiotis Giannakis, and the imminent departure of another Greek legend, Fanis Christodoulou, would increase <mask>’ responsibilities. At the EuroBasket 1997, Greece once again started the tournament with very high ambitions, and a victory against title contender Russia, in the qualifying group raised their hopes even higher. <mask>’ role on the team remained unaltered, as he remained a secondary, but significant option on offense, averaging 6.9 points per game. Greece eventually fell to the tournament's eventual champions, FR Yugoslavia, in the semifinal, losing by a score of 80–88. The Greek team finished in fourth place, losing the bronze medal game to Russia, by a score of 98–78.1998–2001: Leader of the national team
Eager to confirm they were a part of the world basketball elite, Greece aimed at reaching the semifinals in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, in Athens. Head Coach Panagiotis Giannakis was confident that the Greek team would fulfill its mission, and he put <mask>, alongside his Panathinaikos teammate Nikos Oikonomou, in charge of the team's offense. <mask> averaged 13.2 points and a surprisingly high 6.2 rebounds per game, being a major contributor to Greece's fourth-place finish at the tournament. He most notably scored the three-pointer that sealed the fate of the quarterfinals match against Spain, giving Greece a 65–58 advantage with 53 seconds left in the game. His leading role in the team had become indisputable, especially since the great Greek player Panagiotis Fasoulas had retired from the national team after the end of the tournament. At the EuroBasket 1999, <mask> seemed ready to lead Greece to its first medal since 1989. After leading the team in offense, with an average of 18.1 points per game in the qualifying round, everything seemed to indicate a great upcoming EuroBasket for the Greek star.Nevertheless, misfortune is part of the game of basketball. A few days before the tournament, <mask> suffered a severe injury during practice. That injury caused him to not only miss the EuroBasket tournament, but also a major part of the 1999–00 club season. Without its offensive leader, and without key players Nikos Oikonomou and Efthimios Rentzias, who were also injured, Greece finished in an embarrassing sixteenth and last place at the tournament. They consequently failed to qualify for the 2000 Summer Olympics, and were doomed to two years of exclusion from every major tournament. Greece had to wait for the EuroBasket 2001 in order to make its comeback on the international scene. The team was obviously in the middle of a transition period, during which its young stars Theo Papaloukas, Antonis Fotsis, and Lazaros Papadopoulos were unable to build a highly competitive team right away.<mask>, coming off a great club year with Panathinaikos, and Giorgos Sigalas, had to show to the younger generation of Greek players the road to success. The first game against reigning champion Italy proved that <mask> was ready to fulfill his role as a leader. His buzzer-beating three pointer gave Greece a very impressive 83–82 win. The team, however, had not reached the level of a medal contender yet. The 105–82 loss against Russia in the next game confirmed that. Consequently, in order to reach the quarterfinals, Greece's game against rising power Germany appeared to be a difficult task. After leading the game by 22 points in the eighteenth minute of the game, the Greek team eventually collapsed against the frontcourt of Dirk Nowitzki, Ademola Okulaja and Shawn Bradley, and lost by a score of 80–75.<mask> averaged 16 points in the tournament, but Greece ended up in ninth place. It was his last opportunity to reach success with the national team as its leader, especially since Greece had not qualified for the 2002 FIBA World Championship. The transition period to the young generation was soon going to be over. 2001–2004: The last years
Prior to the EuroBasket 2003, <mask> was a player whose leadership and experience with Panathinaikos and the Greek national team were priceless. Consequently, although his role within the Greek national team had become secondary on the court, it was still a leading one off the court. He was in charge of transmitting values such as commitment, partnership, and ambition to the new generation of Greek stars. After Greece finished in fifth place at both the EuroBasket 2003 and the 2004 Summer Olympics, the veteran star announced his retirement from the senior Greek National Team.<mask> kept his word that he was staying retired from the national team, even though Head Coach Giannakis initially thought about including him on the Greek team that would eventually win the gold medal at the EuroBasket 2005. <mask> had already seen that the future of the Greek national team was in good hands. In total, <mask> had 155 appearances with the senior Greek national team. In those 155 appearances, he scored a total of 1,605 points, for a career scoring average of averaging 10.4 points per game. Player profile

<mask> was regarded for most of his career as one of the best sharp shooters in Europe. While his relative lack of athleticism and average all around skills did not allow him to create his own shot on a consistent basis, his exceptional shooting prowess, with a rare combination of height and mechanics, turned him into a very hard to defend mismatch on the perimeter. As a consequence, he converted at a quite efficient rate, in numerous clutch situations over the years.<mask> was also an accomplished defender, that was often credited with effectively defending the opposing team's shooting guard or small forward. Over the last five years of his career, he mainly played at the power forward position, due to his height and size, thus adjusting to the increased pace of the game in the new millennium. Finally and above all, <mask> was a charismatic team leader, both on the court, and especially off the court. He always kept his teammates focused on the team's success, and symbolized the very core of Panathinaikos' winning culture. Panathinaikos's Head Coach Željko Obradović once said, "<mask> is the best captain I ever had", paying tribute to the team leadership skills of his star. Awards and accomplishments

As a player

Panathinaikos

 5× EuroLeague Champion: (1996, 2000, 2002, 2007, 2009)
 11× Greek League Champion: (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
 8× Greek Cup Winner: (1993, 1996, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009)
 2× Triple Crown Winner: (2007, 2009)
 FIBA Intercontinental Cup Champion: (1996)
 EuroLeague All-Final Four Team: (1996)
 12× Greek League All-Star: (1994 (II), 1996 (I), 1996 (II), 1997, 1998, 2001–2007)
 3× consecutive Greek All-Star Game 3 Point Shootout Contest Champion: (1996 I, 1996 II, 1997)
 Greek Cup Finals Top Scorer: (2003)
 Greek Cup MVP: (2003)
 Greek League MVP: (2003)
 In his pro club career with Panathinaikos, he won a total of 25 titles. Selected to the EuroLeague's 50th anniversary 50 Greatest EuroLeague Contributors: (2008)
 No.4 retired by Panathinaikos: (2009)

Greek national basketball team

 Acropolis Tournament MVP: (2000)
 Eurobasket.com website's 1998 FIBA World Championship: All-Tournament Third Team

As a team manager

 3× Greek League Champion: (2010, 2011, 2013)
 3× Greek Cup Winner: (2012, 2013, 2014)
 EuroLeague Champion: (2011)

As a head coach

 Greek League Champion: (2014)

EuroLeague career statistics
FIBA Europe official website, <mask> <mask>' history. EuroLeague official website, <mask> <mask>' page. In his last EuroLeague season (2008–09), <mask> played in just one game, in which he came off the bench. During that game, he registered no stats, except for two missed three-point field goal attempts, in four minutes of playing time. References

External links
 Euroleague.net Profile
 FIBA Profile
 FIBA Europe Profile
 Greek Basket League Profile
 Hellenic Basketball Federation Profile
 101 Greats: <mask> Alvertis
 FRAGISKOS ALVERTIS 1990 - 2009
 Alvertis Video Tribute

1974 births
Living people
1998 FIBA World Championship players
Basketball executives
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Greek basketball coaches
Greek men's basketball players
Olympic basketball players of Greece
Panathinaikos B.C. coaches
Panathinaikos B.C. non-playing staff
Panathinaikos B.C.players
Power forwards (basketball)
Shooting guards
Small

masks: Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Alvertis Fragiskos Alvertis Fragiskos Alvertis Alvertis Fragiskos


texts:
Virgil Schönbeck (15 January 1885 – 21 September 1957), known by his pen name <mask>, was an Italian poet writing both in Italian and in the Triestine dialect. <mask>'s poetry "which is not so much linked to the vernacular tradition as to contemporary poetry in the Italian language, from Pascoli and the Crepuscolari to hermeticism, uses the dialect to give more intimate vibration to its lyrical motifs, now inspired by a loving or familiar, serene or painful intimacy, now by nature, by the landscape, by the minute life of his city; in forms that from the musicality of the canzonetta approach more and more, and with ever greater grace, an epigrammatic essentiality." He has been credited as one of the great Italian poets of the 20th century, and is regarded as the greatest Triestine dialect poet. Biography
He was born in Trieste, at the time still part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, on 15 January 1885, the son of Riccardo Schönbeck, a native of Kolín, Bohemia, of German descent, and Emilia Ghiotto, a Venetian, from whose surname he derived his pseudonym. In 1907 he moved with his family to Florence to escape the Hapsburg draft and for several years was a commercial traveler, mainly travelling to Switzerland. In 1912 he met the Muscovite noblewoman Nina Schekotoff, who soon became his partner and with whom he had three children: little Tanda (Natalia), and Paolo and Franco. In 1914 he published in Florence the collection of poems Little songbook in the Triestine dialect, which was to be followed by Caprizzi, Canzonete e Stòrie published in the 1928 edition of Solaria, Colori, published in 1941, Sera in 1946, Versi in 1953.In May 1919 he returned to Trieste, opening a small newsagent selling newspapers and books. He published prose and above all poetry for many magazines, including Solaria, Riviera Ligure, Circoli, L’Italia letteraria, Lirica, and Letteratura. He later had a job at the Lega nazionale, as an inspector of kindergartens in Istria and the Karst. <mask> was a skillful painter, and during this period produced many drawings. He also produced his Caprizzi canzonete e stòrie and was reported by his friend Roberto Bazlen to Eugenio Montale, who reviewed his book, emphasizing his qualities of "elegiac landscapist" and observer, and comparing him to Salvatore Di Giacomo. After the suppression of the Lega nazionale, <mask> was an employee at the Comune di Trieste, and later at the Maggiore Hospital in Trieste, where he worked until the end of his life. In the 1920s his daughter Tanda married the antifascist Emilio Quarantotto, with whom she had a daughter, Vittorina, and followed her husband to the Tremiti Islands and to Chiaromonte.His other son Paolo started military service in 1937 but was accused of antifascism and sent to the Tremiti Islands for a year of internment, which was a hard blow for <mask>, although his son was released in 1938 for good behavior. <mask>, who in 1941 lost his mother Emilia, worked so that his son Paolo may set out to the Eastern front to act as an interpreter. His son did depart in February 1942, and his brother Franco followed him in December. Both his sons were captured, and died in January 1943. Giotti kept hoping until January 1946, when the news of Paolo's death finally reached him. Thereafter, keeping his sobriety and lucidity, he started writing a diary which was published posthumously as Appunti inutili, published with an introduction by Stuparich in 1959. He was a longtime friend of Umberto Saba, for whom he designed the logo of the Libreria Antica e Moderna and cured and illustrated the plaquette of Cose leggere e vaganti, and helped in the formation of philosopher Giorgio Fano, who married his sister Maria.However, when Giorgio left his sister for the writer Anna Curiel, Maria committed suicide, taking her sick child with her. Facing such tragedies, <mask> always kept a calm and sober attitude. He didn't share Saba's passion for psychoanalysis, and his relationship with Saba deteriorated during the 1930s, up to when they even avoided to meet. He was also the author of delicate poems in the Italian language, such as Lyrics and Idylls published in the 1931 edition of Solaria, of the aforementioned private diary Appunti inutili, and of some short stories; in 1946 he translated the poet Esenin's A Letter to Mother from Russian into Italian. In 1937 the critic  dedicated an article to the poet from Trieste in the Corriere della Sera. Pancrazi, in his  Giotti poeta triestino, put him among the great poets of the century, calling his dialectical poetry écriture d’artiste. Other prominent critics, such as Natalino Sapegno, Cesare Segre, Gianfranco Contini wrote positively about him.In the essay Poesia di Giotti published by  on Il ponte in November 1948, he was acknowledged as the greatest among the poets writing in dialect. He was consecrated as such by Pier Paolo Pasolini, first in the anthology Poesia dialettale del Novecento (1952), and then in a memorable conference in 1956, later published in Paragone. Poetry
The first verses of Giotti were influenced by Pascoli, Gozzano and the Crepuscolari, both in the style and in the themes; starting from Caprizzi, Canzonete and Stòrie the melodic motifs dominate in his verses, which will bring him closer to Di Giacomo and to some production of Saba. Giotti's dialect is a dialect which, while remaining natural, is not vernacular but intellectualistic and seems to contrast with the character of its themes linked to the daily life of a quite internalized Trieste. Unlike Svevo and Saba, Giotti's Trieste is not the Habsburg port of Central Europe but rather a simple picture of affections and people: its "Triestinity", alien to the search for the picturesque and folkloric, lies in the use of the dialect and in the setting, background for poetry of high lyrical tension. In his verses the quatrain of partially rhythmic hendecasyllables with typical metric inversions prevails (Dei purziteri, / ne le vetrine) which make the syntactic- rhythmic figures well balanced (le feste / de Pasqua xe vignude, e vignù xe / l'istà). Typical of Giotti is also the use of enjambement, especially in the second collection, which divides not only the syntactic groups between strophe and strophe or between verse and verse, but also the same word into two parts (veda- / rò"; "de con- / tentezze).The punctuation is very dense and analytical. A more colloquial agreement between syntax and meter is found in the last collection, closer to certain verses of Saba, where the hendecasyllable becomes discursive and elegiac. Works
Piccolo canzoniere in dialetto triestino, Gonnelli, Florence 1914
Caprizzi, Canzonete e Stòrie, Edizioni di "Solaria", Florence 1928
Colori (silloge delle sue liriche), Florence, Parenti, 1941; Padua, Le Tre Venezie, 1943; Milan-Naples, Ricciardi, 1957; Milan, Longanesi, 1972 (con l'incorporazione delle Poesie per Carlotta, scritte nel 1949); Turin, Einaudi, 1992, a cura di Anna Modena (anche questa edizione è comprensiva delle Poesie per Carlotta)
Sera, Edizione privata, Trieste 1946; Turin, De Silva, 1948
Versi, Edizioni dello Zibaldone, Trieste 1953
Appunti inutili, Edizioni dello Zibaldone, Trieste 1959

Bibliography
 Giuseppe Citanna, La poesia del Giotti, in «Pagine istriane», VII, 26-27, 1956, pp. 19–28. Celebrazione di Virgilio <mask>, discorsi di Biagio Marin e Alfonso Gatto, Trieste, Circolo della cultura e delle arti, 1959. Anna Modena, <mask> <mask>, Pordenone, Studio Tesi, 1992. Mauro Caselli, Il canto di Hestia: appunti su Virgilio Giotti, in «Tratti», n. 59, 2002, pp.73–86
 Mauro Caselli, Biavo zeleste. Su Marin e Giotti, in «Studi mariniani», 2002, pp. 53–65. Mauro Caselli, Il femminile in Giotti, in Il banco di lettura, n. 26, 2003, pp. 13–22. Mauro Caselli, La voce bianca: su Virgilio <mask>, Udine, Campanotto editore, 2004. Mauro Caselli, Il qualunque altro: intorno ad una poesia di <mask> <mask>, in «Tratti», n. 72, 2006, pp.94–96. Mauro Caselli, In seconda persona: identità e trascendenza in <mask> <mask>, in Si pesa dopo morto: atti del convegno internazionale di studi per il cinquantenario della scomparsa di Umberto Saba e <mask> <mask>, Trieste 25-26 ottobre 2007, in «Rivista di letteratura italiana», n.26, 2008, pp. 305–307. Paolo Senna, Le cose viste. Per un’analisi dei “Racconti” di <mask> <mask>, «Rivista di letteratura italiana», XXVI, 2008, n. 1, pp. 187–190. Paolo Senna, <mask> Giotti tra "idealizzazione poetica" e lingua della prosa (1920-1926), in "Otto/Novecento", a.2014, n. 1, pp. 149–159
Lorenzo Tommasini, a cura di, <mask> Giotti poeta e triestino, Centro studi Scipio Slataper, Trieste 2018, con contributi di R. Benedetti, G. Cimador, M. Menato, A. Modena, F. Senardi, L. Tommasini, S. Volpato, L. Zorzenon, ISBN 978-88-941961-2-2. External links
 <mask> at the Italian Encyclopedia
 Virgil Schönbeck at the Italian Encyclopedia

References

1885 births
1957 deaths
19th-century Austrian people
19th-century Italian poets
19th-century Italian short story writers
19th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian poets
Italian male poets
Italian male short story writers
People from Austrian Littoral
Writers from Trieste
20th-century Italian male writers

masks:
Virgilio Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Giotti
Virgilio
Giotti
Giotti
Virgilio
Giotti
Virgilio
Giotti
Virgilio
Giotti
Virgilio
Giotti
Virgilio
Virgilio
Giotti


texts:
<mask>, (born June 7, 1946) is an American epidemiologist, toxicologist, and author of three books about environmental hazards. She was founding director of the Center for Environmental Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, and is a former professor of epidemiology at University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. She has served on several governmental and non-governmental organizations, conducting research and advocacy into effects of pesticides, asbestos, and wireless radiation on human health, especially cancers. <mask> is the founder and president of the Environmental Health Trust, a non-profit organization which argues that mobile devices, WiFi, 5G, and other radio-frequency systems pose a health risk to humans and the environment. She has been called a "crusader in the fight over cell phone safety" and has raised concerns that radio frequencies could cause cancer. These claims have been disputed and have been labelled "alarmist". Early life and education
<mask> was born June 7, 1946 in Washington, D.C., to Harry and <mask>, and raised in the steel making town of Donora, Pennsylvania, where in 1948 a severe smog event killed 20 people and sickened thousands.<mask> was the oldest of four children; her father was a chemist and machinist in the steel mills, as well as a brigadier general in the Pennsylvania National Guard and her mother was a homemaker. Raised in a Jewish family, as a child she briefly considered becoming a rabbi. At age 14, her family moved to Pittsburgh, where she attended Taylor Allderdice High School and the University of Pittsburgh, where in 1967 she earned a BSc in physiological psychology and an MA in sociology. She learned of the Donora smog incident as a university student, which inspired her interest in epidemiology. She completed a PhD in science studies at the University of Chicago as a Danforth Foundation graduate fellow in 1972, and in 1982 earned a master of public health degree in epidemiology at Johns Hopkins University as a senior National Cancer Institute post-doctoral fellow. In 1975 she married Richard D. Morgenstern, an economist with Resources for the Future and former Environmental Protection Agency official. They have two children.Her father died from multiple myeloma in 1984, and her mother from stomach cancer in 2003. She told The New York Times Magazine that, though she  decided to devote herself to cancer research shortly after her father's death, his illness didn't affect that decision. Career
In the late 1970s, as a policy advisor for the Environmental Law Institute, <mask> began publishing articles examining links between environmental chemicals and cancer. <mask> was appointed resident scholar at the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences in 1989. In 1990, she led a study published in The Lancet along with National Institute for Environmental Health Sciences director David Hoel, British census director John Fox, and World Health Organization statistician Alan Lopez, examining cancer rates in the United States, Japan, and several European countries, concluding "all forms of cancer are increasing in persons over age 54 except lung and stomach" and "the changes in cancer other than lung are so great and rapid that their causes demand intensive investigation." The paper reignited debate between prominent epidemiologists over how to interpret cancer trends: Bruce Ames, Richard Doll, and Richard Peto, among others argued the trends were unimportant: more attributed to better diagnoses and increasing human longevity, while <mask>' views gained support from Philip J. Landrigan and biostatisticians such as John C. Bailar and Thomas C. Chalmers. <mask> was appointed by President Clinton to the US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board.In 1997 she was working as a consultant to the World Health Organization and served as a member of the Board of Scientific Counselors of the US National Toxicology Program. <mask> founded the International Breast Cancer Prevention Collaborative Research Group, an organization dedicated to exploring the causes of breast cancer. As senior adviser to the US Assistant Secretary for Health, <mask> claimed that extra doses of estrogen-like compounds in the environment may increase the quantities of hormone some women receive to dangerous levels and can cause serious illness. <mask> served five years as the founding director of the Center for Environmental Oncology at the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute (UPCI). In 2009, she stepped down to become professor in the Department of Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health. She has authored over 200 scientific papers as well as three books. When Smoke Ran Like Water
<mask>' 2002 book, When Smoke Ran Like Water: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution, described how environmental toxins are linked to cancers and other health problems.She provides accounts of the 1948 Donora smog in her hometown, the 1952 Great Smog of London, and other events. She also criticizes industry interests who dismiss evidence they dislike as "junk science." The book was a finalist for that year's National Book Award for Nonfiction. Public health philosopher Kristin Shrader-Frechette praised it as "the best book on public health and environmental pollution of the last 30 years." Science writer Fred Pearce in New Scientist called <mask> a "a hero with a nose for trouble" and drew comparisons to Rachel Carson, the author of Silent Spring. Other writers have compared and <mask> and Carson, both in their styles and themes of writing and their small town Pennsylvania upbringings. Epidemiologist Bert Brunekreef wrote the book is "at its best when describing how commercial interests have harassed well known environmental health scientists in attempts to downplay the seriousness of, say, the effects of environmental lead on the IQ of children," but found "an alarming number of errors" regarding air pollution.The Secret History of the War on Cancer
<mask>' second book, The Secret History of the War on Cancer, was published in 2007. In it, she argues medical institutions involved in the "war on cancer" have focused more on cures then prevention, and that some safety research into environmental toxicity is conflicted due to funding from companies who make  products suspected of causing harm. James Huff, associate director for chemical carcinogenesis of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, called it "exhaustively researched and deftly written, illuminat[ing] more of the truth about chemicals and cancer and the relatively simple means of preventing or reducing cancer burdens." Epidemiologist Richard Clapp called the book "a welcome addition to the struggle to correct the imbalance" between curative and preventative research, while science writer Fred Pearce wrote it "is a rattling good read and raises vital issues that remain relevant today." In a positive review, science journalist Dan Fagin called <mask> "her generation's strongest advocate of the idea that synthetic chemicals are a seriously under-recognized cause of cancer." Medical historian Peter Keating, however, found the book "largely unoriginal" and poorly organized. Epidemiologist Peter Boyle wrote that "devotees of conspiracy theories and aficionados of gossip and innuendo will be drawn towards this book like wasps to a juicy piece of meat" and discussed how the book suggested that the link between tobacco and cancer was used to distract from other possible sources.Wireless radiation

In 2007 <mask> founded the Environmental Health Trust (EHT), a nonprofit with the goal of promoting awareness of environmental issues it believes are linked to cancer. The EHT campaigns for safer cell phone use, and has challenged research that finds no links between cellular phones and cancer, advocated for more research into the effects of wireless radiation on children, and called on the US federal government to reassess its safety guidelines for wireless technology. <mask> has been called a "crusader in the fight over cell phone safety". She claims that radiation from mobile phones and WiFi pose health risks including increases in cancer, but her claims are disputed by other cancer researchers and organizations including the US National Cancer Institute and Cancer Council Australia. She claims much research that finds no effects is industry-funded and biased. She summarized her research into health effects of cell phones in her 2010 book, Disconnect: The Truth about Cell Phone Radiation, What the Industry Has Done to Hide It, and How to Protect Your Family. She has cited the World Health Organization's 2011 classification of wireless radiation as a class 2B agent (possibly carcinogenic to humans), a group which also includes pickles and Aloe vera.Critics of <mask> have accused her of cherry-picking evidence and misrepresenting the studies upon which her conclusions were drawn, while the EHT has been accused of promoting low quality sources. <mask> was featured prominently in a controversial 2016 episode of the Australian TV program Catalyst, in which she claimed "every single well-designed study ever conducted finds an increased risk of brain cancer with the heaviest users [of mobile phones]". The episode drew heavy criticism from researchers, and <mask>' claims were refuted by public health scholar Simon Chapman, who claims there is no evidence of increase brain cancer rates in Australians, as well as Rodney Croft, a commissioner with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, who called the views of <mask> "a fringe position that is not supported by science." <mask> claims that radiation from 5G wireless technology poses health risks, and BBC Radio 4 has called <mask> one of the most influential scientists in 5G-opposition movements. An excerpt of a lecture by <mask> was used by new-age conspiracy promoter Sacha Stone in his 2020 film 5G Apocalypse: Extinction Event. In 2021, the EHT and other groups filed a lawsuit asserting the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) failed to consider new scientific evidence when deciding in 2019 not to update its safety guidelines for cellular phone and cellular tower radiation, which had not been updated since 1996. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia ruled in favor of the EHT and plaintiffs, finding the FCC "failed to provide a reasoned explanation for its determination that its guidelines adequately protect against the harmful effects of exposure to radiofrequency radiation unrelated to cancer."Books

References

External links

 Faculty Bio - <mask> <mask> at the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
 <mask> <mask> at the Environmental Health Trust

Living people
1946 births
American women epidemiologists
American epidemiologists
Writers from Pittsburgh
University of Pittsburgh alumni
University of Pittsburgh faculty
University of Chicago alumni
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health alumni
People from Donora, Pennsylvania
Taylor Allderdice High School alumni
21st-century American women

masks:
Devra Lee Davis
Davis
Devra Lee Davis
Jean Langer Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Devra
Davis
Devra
Davis


texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; March 9, 1943 – February 26, 2005) was an American human–computer interface expert best known for conceiving and starting the Macintosh project at Apple in the late 1970s. Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City to a secular Jewish family, whose surname is a matronymic from "Raske", Yiddish nickname for Rachel. He received a BA in mathematics and a BS in physics with minors in philosophy and music from Stony Brook University. In 1967, he received a master's degree in computer science from Pennsylvania State University, after having switched from mathematical logic due to differences of opinion with his advisor. Even though he had completed work for his PhD, the university was not accredited for a PhD in computer science. The first original computer application he wrote was a music application as part of his master's thesis. <mask> later enrolled in a graduate music program at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), but stopped to teach art, photography, and computer science there.He worked as an assistant professor in the Visual Arts department from 1968 until 1974. There, he did shows about toys as works of art. <mask> announced his resignation from the assistant professorship by flying over the Chancellor's house in a hot air balloon. He was awarded a National Science Foundation grant to establish a Computer and Humanities center which used several 16-bit Data General Nova computers and glass terminals rather than the teletypes which were more common at that time. Along with his undergraduate student Jonathan (Jon) Collins, <mask> developed the FLOW programming language for use in teaching programming to the art and humanities students. The language was first used at the Humanities Summer Training Institute held in 1970 at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas. The language has only seven statements (, GET IT, PRINT IT, PRINT "text", JUMP TO, IF IT IS " " JUMP TO, and STOP) and can not manipulate numbers.The language was first implemented in Fortran by Collins in under a week. Later versions of the language utilized "typing amplification" in which only the first letter is typed and the computer provides the balance of the instruction eliminating typing errors. It was also the basis for programming classes taught by <mask> and Collins in the UCSD Visual Arts Department. <mask> curated several art shows including one featuring his collection of unusual toys, and presenting toys as works of art. During this period, he changed the spelling of his name from "<mask>" to "<mask>" after having met Jon Collins and liking the lack of extraneous letters. <mask> occasionally wrote for computer publications, such as Dr. Dobb's Journal. He formed a company named Bannister and Crun, which was named for two characters playing in the BBC radio comedy The Goon Show.Career history

Apple

Contractor writer
<mask> first met Apple Computer co-founders Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in their garage workshop following the debut of their Apple II personal computer at the first West Coast Computer Faire. Jobs hired <mask>'s company Bannister and Crun to write the Apple II BASIC Programming Manual. <mask> said "I was talking fifty dollars a page. They talked fifty dollars for the whole manual." Upon the Apple II unit with the serial number of "2", he reportedly wrote "a literate manual that became a standard for the young industry". Management
In January 1978, <mask> joined Apple as Manager of Publications, the company's 31st employee. For some time he continued as Director of Publications and New Product Review, and also worked on packaging and other issues.He had concealed his degree in computer science, out of concern for cultural bias against academia among the hobby-driven personal computer industry. He explained, "If they had known ... they might not have let me in the company, because there was such an antiacademic bias in the early Apple days." From his responsibility for documentation and testing, <mask> had great influence on early engineering projects. Because the Apple II only displayed uppercase characters on a 40-column screen, his department used the Polymorphic Systems 8813 (an Intel-8080-based machine running a proprietary operating system called Exec) to write documentation; this spurred the development of an 80-column display card and a suitable text editor for the Apple II. His experiences testing Applesoft BASIC inspired him to design a competing product, called Notzo BASIC, which was never implemented. When Wozniak developed the first disk drives for the Apple II, <mask> went back to his contacts at UCSD and encouraged them to port the UCSD P-System operating system (incorporating a version of the Pascal programming language) to it, which Apple later licensed and shipped as Apple Pascal. Through this time, <mask> continually wrote memos about how the personal computer could become a true consumer appliance.While the Apple III was under development in 1978 and '79, <mask> was lobbying for Apple to create a radically different kind of computer that was designed from the start to be easy to use. In Computers by the Millions, he stated that expandable computers like the Apple II were too complex, and development was difficult due to the unknown nature of the machine the program ran on. The machine he envisioned was very different from the Macintosh that was eventually released and had much more in common with PDAs than modern desktop-based machines. Macintosh

<mask> started the Macintosh project in 1979 to implement some of these ideas. He later hired his former student Bill Atkinson from UCSD to work at Apple, along with Andy Hertzfeld and Burrell Smith from the Apple Service Department, which was located in the same building as the Publications Department. Secretly bypassing Jobs's ego and authority by continually securing permission and funding directly at the executive level, <mask> created and solely supervised the Macintosh project for approximately its first year. This included selecting the name of his favorite apple, writing the mission document The Book of Macintosh, securing office space, and recruiting and managing the original staff.Author Steven Levy said, "It was <mask> who provided the powerful vision of a computer whose legacy would be low cost, high utility, and a groundbreaking friendliness." The machine was similar in power to the Apple II and included a small  black-and-white character display built into a small case with a floppy disk. It was text only, as <mask> disliked the computer mouse or anything else that could take his hands from the keyboard. A number of basic applications were built into the machine, selectable by pressing function keys. The machine also included logic that would understand user intentions and switch programs dynamically. For instance, if the user simply started typing text it would switch into editor mode, and if they typed numbers it would switch to calculator mode. In many cases these switches would be largely invisible to the user.In 1981, after the Apple Lisa team had "kicked him out", Steve Jobs's attention drew toward <mask>'s Macintosh project, intending to marry the Xerox PARC-inspired GUI-based Lisa design to <mask>'s appliance-computing, "computers-by-the-millions" concept. Steve Wozniak was on hiatus from the company following a traumatic airplane accident, allowing Jobs to take managerial lead over the project. <mask> takes credit for being one of the first to introduce Jobs and the Lisa engineers to the PARC concepts, though he ultimately dismissed PARC's technology and opposed the use of computer mouse. <mask> also claims to have had continued direct input into the eventual Mac design, including the decision to use a one-button mouse as part of the Apple interface, a departure from the Xerox PARC's 3-button mouse. Others, including Larry Tesler, acknowledge his advocacy for a one-button mouse but say that it was a decision reached simultaneously by others at Apple who had a stronger say on the issue. <mask> later stated that were he to redesign the mouse it would have three clearly labeled buttons—two buttons on top marked "Select" and "Activate", and a "Grab" button on the side that could be used by squeezing the mouse. This description nearly fits the Apple Mighty Mouse (renamed "Apple Mouse" in 2009), first marketed in 2005.It has the three described buttons (two invisible), but they are assigned to different functions than <mask> specified for his own interface and can be customized. In a 2005 interview, Macintosh project member Andy Hertzfeld relates an anecdote about <mask>'s reputation for often inaccurately claiming to have invented various technologies. <mask>'s resume from 2002 lends credence by stating he was "Creator of Macintosh computer at Apple Computer, Inc." <mask> did create and solely supervise the Macintosh project for approximately its first year; however, Hertzfeld describes <mask>'s relationship to the drastically different finished Mac product more like that of an "eccentric great uncle" than its father. In Jobs's "Lost Interview" from 1996, he refers to the Macintosh as a product of team effort while acknowledging <mask>'s early role. Jobs reportedly co-opted some of <mask>'s leadership philosophies, such as when he wrote the slogan on the Macintosh group's easel, "It's better to be a pirate than to join the Navy." Apple acknowledged <mask>'s role after he had left the company by giving him as a gift, the millionth Macintosh computer, with an engraved brass plaque on the front. Pioneering the information appliance
<mask> left Apple in 1982 and formed Information Appliance, Inc. to implement the concepts of his original Macintosh concept.The first product is the SwyftCard, a firmware card for the Apple II containing an integrated application suite, also released on a disk as SwyftWare. Information Appliance later developed the Swyft as a stand-alone laptop computer. <mask> licensed this design to Canon, which shipped a similar desktop product as the Canon Cat. Released in 1987, the unit had an innovative interface that attracted much interest but it did not become a commercial success. <mask> claimed that its failure was due in some part to Steve Jobs, who successfully pitched Canon on the NeXT Computer at about the same time. It has also been suggested that Canon canceled the Cat due to internal rivalries within its divisions. After running a cryptic full page advertisement in the "Wall Street Journal" that the "Canon Cat is coming" months before it was available, Canon failed to follow through, never airing the completed TV commercial when the Cat went on sale, only allowed the Cat to be sold by its typewriter sales people, and prevented <mask> from selling the Cat directly with a TV demonstration of how easy it was to use.Shortly thereafter, the stock market crash of 1987 so panicked Information Appliance's venture capitalists that they drained millions of dollars from the company, depriving it of the capital needed to be able to manufacture and sell the Swyft. <mask> also wrote a book, The Humane Interface (2000), in which he developed his ideas about human-computer interfaces. <mask> was a long-time member of BAYCHI, the Bay-Area Computer-Human Interface group, a professional organization for human-interface designers. He presented papers on his own work, reviewed the human interfaces of various consumer products (such as a BMW car he'd been asked to review), and discussed the work of his colleagues in various companies and universities. At the start of the new millennium, <mask> undertook the building of a new computer interface based on his 30 years of work and research, called The Humane Environment, THE. On January 1, 2005, he renamed it Archy. It is a system incarnating his concepts of the humane interface, by using open source elements within his rendition of a ZUI or Zooming User Interface.In the same period <mask> accepted an appointment as Adjunct Professor of Computer Science at the University of Chicago's Computer Science Department and, with Leo Irakliotis, started designing a new curriculum on humane interfaces and computer enterprises. His work is being extended and carried on by his son Aza <mask> at Humanized, a company that was started shortly after <mask>'s death to continue his legacy. Humanized released Enso, a linguistic command-line interface, which is based on Jef's work and dedicated in his memory. In early 2008, Humanized became part of Mozilla. While the Archy project never managed to include a functional ZUI, a third party developed a commercial application called Raskin inspired by the same Zoomworld ZUI idea. Cognetics
<mask> expanded the meaning of the term "cognetics" in his book The Humane Interface to mean "the ergonomics of the mind". According to Raskin Center, "Cognetics brings interface design out of the mystic realm of guruism, transforming it into an engineering discipline with a rigorous theoretical framework."The term cognetics had earlier been coined and trademarked by Charles Kreitzberg in 1982 when he started Cognetics Corporation, one of the first user experience design companies. It is also used to describe educational programs intended to foster thinking skills in grades 3-12 (US) and for Cognetics, Inc., an economic research firm founded by David L. Birch, a Professor at MIT. <mask> discouraged using the informal term "intuitive" in user interface design, claiming that easy to use interfaces are often due to exposure to previous, similar systems, thus the term "familiar" should be preferred. Aiming for "intuitive" interfaces (based on reusing existing skills with interaction systems) could lead designers to discard a better design solution only because it would require a novel approach. Outside interests
Best known as a computer scientist, <mask> had other interests. He conducted the San Francisco Chamber Opera Society and played various instruments, including the organ and the recorder. His artwork was displayed at New York's Museum of Modern Art as part of its permanent collection, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the University of California, San Diego.He received a patent for airplane wing construction, and designed and marketed radio controlled model gliders. He was said to be an accomplished archer, target shooter, bicycle racer and an occasional model race car driver. He was a passionate musician and composer, publishing a series of collected recorder studies using the pseudonym of Aabel Aabius. In his later years he also wrote freelance articles for Macintosh magazines, such as Mac Home Journal, as well as many modeling magazines, Forbes, Wired, and computing journals. One of his most favorite pastimes was to play music with his children. He would accompany them on the piano while they played or sang while going through old fake-books passed down from his father. They would also routinely improvise together.<mask> owned Jef's Friends, a small company which made model airplane kits, which were sold through hobby shops. He was a toy designer. He designed Space Expander, a hanging cloth maze for a person to walk through. He designed Bloxes, a set of interlocking wood blocks. One of <mask>'s instruments was the organ. In 1978 he published an article in BYTE on using computers with the instrument. <mask> published a paper highly critical of pseudoscience in nursing, such as therapeutic touch and Rogerian science, wherein he said: "Unlike science, nursing theory has no built-in mechanisms for rejecting falsehoods, tautologies, and irrelevancies."Personal life
<mask> <mask> married Linda S. Blum in 1982. They had three children together—Aza, Aviva, and Aenea, with honorary surrogate siblings R. Fureigh and Jenna Mandis. In 1985, <mask> described his house as "practically one large playground", with secret doors and passageways, an auditorium that seats 185, and a model airplane room. He said, "I decided when I grew up I was not going to give up the things I liked doing, and I've not." He was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in December 2004 and died in Pacifica, California, on February 26, 2005, at age 61. See also
Information appliance

References

External links

 Publications by <mask> <mask> from Interaction-Design.org
 Audio interviews with <mask> <mask> and photos from various periods of his life
, February 27, 2005. 1943 births
2005 deaths
American computer scientists
20th-century American Jews
Apple Inc. employees
Canon (company) people
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Human–computer interaction researchers
Human–computer interaction
Pennsylvania State University alumni
People from Pacifica, California
Stony Brook University alumni
Writers from California
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Jef Raskin
Jeff Raskin
Jef Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Jeff
Jef
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Raskin
Jef
Raskin
Raskin
Jef
Raskin
Jef
Raskin


texts:
<mask> ( ; born June 12, 1958) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for Nevada's 2nd congressional district since 2011. The only Republican in Nevada's congressional delegation, he served in the Nevada Assembly from 1997 to 1999 and in the Nevada Senate, representing the Capital District, from 1999 to 2011. Amodei chaired the Nevada Republican Party from 2010 until 2011, when he stepped down in order to pursue the nomination for a special election for Congress; he was the Republican nominee in the election held on September 13, 2011, to replace Dean Heller, who had been appointed to the United States Senate. He became the dean of Nevada's congressional delegation once Heller lost his election for a second full term in 2019, although Dina Titus served one term in the House before he was first elected. Early life, education and military service
<mask> was born in Carson City, Nevada, the son of Joy LaRhe (née Longero) and <mask>. His father was of half Italian and half Irish descent, and one of his maternal great-grandfathers was Italian. Amodei graduated from Carson High School in 1976, where he was student class president.He graduated from the University of Nevada in 1980 with a B.A. in political science, and received his J.D. degree from the University of the Pacific McGeorge School of Law in 1983. When Amodei entered the U.S. Army, he had not yet passed the bar exam, so he was assigned to an artillery unit. He attended The JAG School at the University of Virginia and entered U.S. Army JAG Corps after passing the bar. He became an Army JAG Corps officer prosecuting criminal matters, an Assistant U.S. Attorney and Assistant Post Judge Advocate. He was awarded the Army Achievement Medal, the Army Commendation Medal and the Meritorious Service Medal.He served with the United States Army Judge Advocate General Corps from 1983 to 1987. Upon receiving an honorable discharge, he returned home to become an attorney with the law firms Allison MacKenzie in Carson City and Kummer Kaempfer Bonner Renshaw and Ferrario (now Kaempfer Crowell) in Reno. He served as a lawyer with Allison, MacKenzie from 1987 to 2004 and with Kummer from 2004 to 2007. As a lawyer, Amodei has been a sole practitioner since 2009. He served as president of the Nevada Mining Association from 2007 to 2008. Nevada legislature

Elections
In 1996, <mask> was elected to the Nevada Assembly, representing Carson City. In 1998, he ran for the Nevada Senate in the Capital District.He defeated incumbent Democratic State Senator Ernie Adler, 52%–48%. In 2002, he was reelected to a second term with 84% of the vote. In 2006, he was reelected to a third term with 78% of the vote. Tenure
<mask> was named the Outstanding Freshman Legislator in 1997. He was selected to serve as president pro tempore of the Nevada Senate from 2003 to 2008. 2003 tax increase

In 2003 <mask> and Terry Care co-authored a plan to increase taxes in Nevada by $1 billion. The plan was offered as an alternative to Governor Kenny Guinn's plan, which called for over $1 billion in revenue increases.The final plan raised taxes by $873 million. Collective bargaining
In 2009, Amodei supported a proposal to expand collective bargaining rights for state workers, who he believed were unfairly treated during the budget process. Gas tax
In 2009, Amodei sponsored a bill that would have allowed for a gas tax increase in Washoe County; the plan gained public approval in an advisory vote. Medical liability reform
In 2003, Amodei voted against a tort reform bill that would have changed Nevada's medical liability law. He was the only Republican senator to vote against the bill. Committee assignments
Amodei has served on the Legislative Commission, the Education Commission of the States, the Public Lands Committee, the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency Legislative Oversight Committee, as vice chair of the Governor's Task Force on Access to Public Health Care, as chair of the Education Technology Committee, and as a member of the Nevada Supreme Court's committee on court funding. 2010 U.S. Senate election

<mask> ran for the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate against Democrat Harry Reid, the Majority Leader.He dropped out before election day, as State Assemblywoman Sharron Angle won the primary and lost the general election to Reid. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2011

On September 13, 2011, Nevada's 2nd congressional district elected Amodei to replace U.S. Representative Dean Heller. Heller had been appointed to fill John Ensign's seat in the U.S. Senate after Ensign resigned from the position. <mask> announced his bid for the congressional seat in May 2011. The next month, he won the Republican nomination by taking 221 out of 323 ballots. In the primary, he defeated State Senator Greg Brower, who received 56 votes, and U.S. Navy veteran Kirk Lippold, who received 46 votes. Amodei defeated Democratic nominee Kate Marshall 58%–36%.He won every county in the district. 2012

<mask> ran for a full term against Democrat Samuel Koepnick, an information technology employee for the State of Nevada. He was endorsed by the National Rifle Association (NRA). He did so in a district that had been made slightly more compact than its predecessor in redistricting. It lost almost all of its southern portion to the new 4th district. Even so, it was still the eighth-largest district in the country that did not cover an entire state. Amodei defeated Koepnick 58%–36%.He won every county in the district. 2014

<mask> ran for reelection to his second full term. He defeated Democrat Kristen Spees, 65.8% to 27.9%. 2016

<mask> ran for reelection to a third full term. He defeated Democrat Chip Evans, 58.3% to 36.9%. 2018

Amodei ran for reelection to a fourth full term. He defeated Democrat Clint Koble, 58.2% to 41.8%.2020

Amodei ran for reelection to a fifth full term. He defeated Democrat Patricia Ackerman, 56.5% to 40.7%. Tenure
<mask> was sworn in on September 15, 2011. Amodei voted against the bill to end the United States federal government shutdown of 2013. Of the vote, he said, "During two campaigns, I told Nevadans I would give my full attention to such issues as reining in runaway federal spending, debt, and the harmful aspects of the Affordable Care Act. Unlike many in this town, I will not test your memories and hope you have forgotten. I will continue to pursue these necessary goals.Nothing in this legislation changes the real threats to our country's economy." Amodei received a 0% rating from Planned Parenthood's 2014 Congressional Scorecard for supporting a nationwide abortion ban after 20 weeks and banning abortion access in the District of Columbia and through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Amodei announced his support for a House impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump on September 27, 2019. National news media began to refer to Amodei as the first House Republican to support impeachment. A spokesman then further clarified his position by stating Amodei supported an inquiry but not impeachment. Immigration
Amodei voted for the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2020, which authorized DHS to nearly double the available H-2B visas for the remainder of FY 2020. Amodei voted for the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R.1158), which effectively prohibits ICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs). Amodei supports Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). LGBT rights
In 2021, Amodei was among the House Republicans to sponsor the Fairness for All Act, the Republican alternative to the Equality Act. The bill would prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity, and protect the free exercise of religion. Legislation
On July 25, 2014, Amodei introduced the Northern Nevada Land Conservation and Economic Development Act (H.R. 5205; 113th Congress), a bill that would require the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to convey certain federal lands in Nevada to other government entities. The bill is a package of numerous other bills related to land conveyance in Nevada, which make up the bulk of Amodei's legislation.In total, Amodei has sponsored 45 bills, including:

112th Congress (2011–2012)
 H.R.3292: a bill to prohibit the further extension or establishment of national monuments in Nevada except by express authorization of Congress
 H.R.3377: Pine Forest Range Recreation Enhancement Act of 2011, a bill to designate specified federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, and to be known as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness, as wilderness and as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). H.R.3815: Elko Motocross and Tribal Conveyance Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey to Elko County, Nevada, without consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States in and to approximately 275 acres of land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Elko District, Nevada, as depicted on the map as "Elko Motocross Park." H.R.3996: Southern Nevada Higher Education Land Act of 2012, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey three parcels of Bureau of Land Management (BLM) land to: (1) the Nevada System of Higher Education for the Great Basin College and the College of Southern Nevada; and (2) the System for the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. H.R.4039: Yerington Land Conveyance and Sustainable Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey to the city of Yerington, Nevada, all interest of the United States in the federal lands in Lyon and Mineral Counties, Nevada, identified as "City of Yerington Sustainable Development Conveyance Lands" in exchange for consideration in an amount equal to their fair market value. H.R.4402: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2012, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies. H.R.4976: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to accelerate the process for transferring small parcels of federal land to local communities. H.R.6184: Restoring Storey County Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey to Storey County, Nevada, all surface rights of the United States in and to specified federal land, including any improvements.H.R.6236: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management and the Bureau of Reclamation, to convey, by quitclaim deed, to the City of Fernley, Nevada, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any Federal land within

masks:
Mark Eugene Amodei
Amodei
Donald Mark Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei
Amodei


texts:
 that city that is under the jurisdiction of either of those agencies. H.R.6282: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, to convey to the City of Carlin, Nevada, in exchange for consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of that agency, and for other purposes. H.R.6453: a bill to facilitate planning, permitting, administration, implementation, and monitoring of pinyon-juniper dominated landscape restoration projects within Lincoln County, Nevada, and for other purposes. H.R.6496: a bill to reauthorize grants to enhance state and local efforts to combat trafficking in persons. H.R.6497: Nevada Mining Townsite Conveyance Act of 2012, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey, to the counties in which they are situated, all interest of the United States in certain mining townsites in Esmeralda and Nye Counties, Nevada. H.R.6596: Naval Air Station Fallon Housing and Safety Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to transfer to the Secretary of the Navy, without consideration, approximately 400 acres of federal land adjacent to Naval Air Station Fallon in Churchill County, Nevada, that was withdrawn under a specified public land order. H.AMDT.1303 to H.R.4480, an amendment to prohibit the Secretary of the Interior from moving any aspect of the Solid Minerals program administered by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to the Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcement (OSM).113th Congress (2013–2014)
 H.R.433: Pine Forest Range Recreation Enhancement Act of 2013, a bill to designate specified federal land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, and to be known as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness, as wilderness and as a component of the National Wilderness Preservation System. H.R.761: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2013, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies. H.R.1167: Restoring Storey County Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), to convey to Storey County, Nevada, all surface rights of the United States in specified federal land, including any improvements. H.R.1168: a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management, to convey to the City of Carlin, Nevada, in exchange for consideration, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any Federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of that agency, and for other purposes. H.R.1169: Naval Air Station Fallon Housing and Safety Development Act, a bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to transfer to the Secretary of the Navy, without consideration, approximately 400 acres of federal land adjacent to Naval Air Station Fallon in Churchill County, Nevada, that was withdrawn under a specified public land order. H.R.1170: a  bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior, acting through the Bureau of Land Management and the Bureau of Reclamation, to convey, by quitclaim deed, to the City of Fernley, Nevada, all right, title, and interest of the United States, to any federal land within that city that is under the jurisdiction of either of those agencies. H.R.1633: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to require the Director of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for a state (respecting certain public lands) or the Regional Forester (respecting certain National Forest System lands) to select an eligible federal lands parcel for conveyance: (1) in response to a request by an adjacent landholder (any holder of non-federal land that shares one or more boundaries with such a parcel and who requests to purchase such a parcel), or (2) upon the recommendation of the BLM District Office or System unit that exercises administration over such parcel.H.R.1880: Protecting Resort Cities from Discrimination Act of 2013, a bill to prohibit a federal agency from establishing or implementing an internal policy that discourages or prohibits the selection of a travel, event, meeting, or conference location because it is perceived to be a resort or vacation destination. H.R.2455: Nevada Native Nations Land Act, a bill which includes seven tribal lands measures, as well as a smaller purchase by the City of Elko. H.R.3390: Lake Tahoe Restoration Act of 2013, a bill to reduce the threat of wildfire, improve water clarity, combat invasive species, and restore the environment in the Lake Tahoe Basin. H.R.3716: Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe – Fish Springs Ranch Settlement Act, a bill to authorize and ratify the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe-Fish Springs Ranch 2013 Supplement to the 2007 Settlement Agreement, dated November 20, 2013, and entered into by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe and the Fish Springs Ranch (Agreement). H.R.5205: Northern Nevada Land Conservation and Economic Development Act, a bill to designate approximately 26,000 acres of land managed by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in Humboldt County, Nevada, as the Pine Forest Range Wilderness. H.AMDT.82 to H.R.2216 an amendment to provide that the $44 million in funding within the General Operating Expenses account of the Veterans Benefits Administration should be used for increased staffing in certain regional Veterans Affairs offices. 114th Congress (2015–2016)
 H.R.1937: National Strategic and Critical Minerals Production Act of 2015, a bill to streamline the permitting process for mineral development by coordinating the actions of federal agencies.H.R.488: a bill to prohibit the further extension or establishment of national monuments in Nevada except by express authorization of Congress. H.R.925: Douglas County Conservation Act of 2015, a bill to expand recreational opportunities, promotes conservation, and jump-starts economic development in Douglas County, Nevada. H.R.1214: National Forest Small Tracts Act Amendments Act of 2015, a bill to amend the Small Tracts Act (the Act) to permit the sale, exchange, or interchange under such Act of National Forest System (NFS) lands the sale or exchange of which is not practicable under any other authority of the Department of Agriculture (USDA) which have a value determined to be not more than $500,000. H.R.1484: Honor the Nevada Enabling Act of 1864 Act, a bill to direct the Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of the Interior to convey, in phases and without consideration, to the state of Nevada all interest of the United States in federal lands owned, managed, or controlled by the federal government through the USDA or Interior for the purpose of permitting the state to use them to support select beneficiaries. H.R.1485: Federal Lands Invasive Species Control, Prevention, and Management Act, a bill to direct the Department of the Interior and the Department of Agriculture to plan and carry out activities on lands directly managed by the department concerned to control and manage invasive species in order to inhibit or reduce their populations and to effectuate restoration or reclamation efforts. H.R.2324: Small Lands Tracts Conveyance Act, a bill to accelerate the process for transferring small parcels of federal land to local communities. H.R.2733: Nevada Native Nations Land Act, a bill to hold lands for six Nevada Tribes in trust.H.R.926: To amend title 38, United States Code, to improve the provision of guide dogs to veterans blinded by a service-connected injury. H.R.4298: Vietnam Helicopter Crew Memorial Act, a bill directing the Department of the Army to place in Arlington National Cemetery a memorial honoring helicopter pilots and crew members who served on active duty in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam era. H.R.4688: Douglas County Economic Development and Conservation Act of 2016, a bill to direct the Forest Service to convey approximately 67 acres of certain Forest Service land (Lake Tahoe-Nevada State Park) to the state of Nevada for the conservation of wildlife or natural resources or for a public park. H.RES.501: Expressing the sense of the House that the United States postal facility network is an asset of significant value and the United States Postal Service should take appropriate measures to maintain, modernize and fully utilize the existing post office network for economic growth. Committee assignments

114th Congress:

House Committee on Appropriations
 Subcommittee on Interior, Environment and Related Agencies
 Subcommittee on Financial Services and General Government
 Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch

In the 112th and 113th Congress, Amodei served on the House Judiciary Committee, the House Committee on Natural Resources and the House Committee on Veterans Affairs:

House Judiciary Committee
 Subcommittee on Courts, Intellectual Property, and the Internet
 Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security

House Natural Resources Committee
 Subcommittee on National Parks, Forests, and Public Lands
 Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources

House Committee on Veterans Affairs
 Subcommittee on Economic Opportunity
 Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Western Caucus
 Climate Solutions Caucus
 U.S.-Japan Caucus
Republican Governance Group
Problem Solvers Caucus

2020 presidential election
Amodei did not join the majority of Republican members of Congress who sided with the Trump's attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election. He voted to certify both Arizona's and Pennsylvania's results in the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count. Electoral history

Personal life
Amodei has two daughters: Erin, a nursing student at Truckee Meadows Community College, and Ryanne, a physician trainer on the DaVinci Robotic Surgical Instrument and former engineer in the U.S. Navy.References

External links
 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 Amodei for Congress

|-

|-

|-

1958 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American people of Irish descent
American politicians of Italian descent
Living people
McGeorge School of Law alumni
Members of the Nevada Assembly
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Nevada
Military personnel from Nevada
Nevada lawyers
Nevada Republicans
Nevada state senators
Politicians from Carson City, Nevada
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
State political party chairs of Nevada
The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School alumni
United States Army officers
University of Nevada alumni
American lawyers and judges of Italian


texts:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Bath,  (22 March 16847 July 1764) was a British Whig politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1707 to 1742, when he was created the first Earl of Bath by King George II. Bath is sometimes stated to have been First Lord of the Treasury and British prime minister, for the shortest term ever (two days) in 1746, although most modern sources reckon that he cannot be considered to have held the office. Background and early career
The son of <mask> by his first wife, Mary Floyd, he was born in March 1684 into an old Leicestershire family. He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 31 October 1700. He acquired extensive classical knowledge, and on leaving Oxford made the usual tour on the continent. In 1705, he was brought into parliament by Henry Guy (former secretary of the Treasury) for the Yorkshire borough of Hedon. This seat was held by him without a break until 1734.Throughout the reign of Queen <mask> Pulteney played a prominent part in the struggles of the Whigs, and was involved in the prosecution of Henry Sacheverell. When the victorious Tories sent his friend Robert Walpole to the Tower of London in 1712, Pulteney championed his cause in the House of Commons and with the leading Whigs visited him in prison. Ministerial offices

Pulteney was secretary of war from 1714 to 1717 in the first ministry of George I, and was on the committee of secrecy on the Treaty of Utrecht, formed in April 1715. Two years later, on 6 July 1716, he became one of the privy council. When Townshend was dismissed, in April 1717, from his post of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Walpole resigned, they were followed in their retirement by Pulteney. The crash of the South Sea Company restored Walpole to the highest position, but all he offered to Pulteney was a peerage. The offer was rejected, but in May 1723 Pulteney agreed to accept the lucrative but insignificant post of Cofferer of the Household.However, when he found himself neglected, he opposed the proposition of Walpole to discharge the debts of the civil list, and in April 1725 was dismissed from his sinecure. He was one of the original backers of the Royal Academy of Music, establishing a London opera company which commissioned numerous works from Handel, Bononcini and others. Patriot Whigs
From the day of his dismissal to that of his ultimate triumph, Pulteney remained in opposition, forming the Patriot Whigs, a group of fellow Whigs who felt that Walpole was corrupt and tyrannical. Walpole's attempt's 1730 at conciliation with the offer of Townshend's place and of a peerage was spurned. Pulteney's resentment was not confined to his speeches in parliament. With Bolingbroke he started, in December 1726, a periodical called The Craftsman, and in its pages the minister was incessantly denounced for many years. Lord Hervey published an attack on the Craftsman, and Pulteney, either openly or behind the person of Amhurst, its editor, replied to the attack.Whether the question at issue was the civil list, the excise, the income of the Prince of Wales, or the state of domestic affairs, Pulteney was ready with a pamphlet, and the minister or one of his friends came out with a reply. For his "Proper reply to a late scurrilous libel" (Craftsman, 1731), an answer to "Sedition and defamation displayed," he was challenged to a duel by Lord Hervey; for another, "An answer to one part of an infamous libel entitled remarks on the Craftsman's indication of his two honourable patrons," he was in July 1731 struck off the roll of privy councillors and dismissed from the commission of the peace in several counties. In print Pulteney was inferior to Bolingbroke alone among the antagonists of Walpole, but in parliament, from which Bolingbroke was excluded, he excelled. When the sinking fund was appropriated in 1733 he led the denunciation; when the excise scheme in the same year was stirring popular feeling to its lowest depths the passion of the multitude broke out in his oratory. Walpole managed to avoid the fall of his ministry. Bolingbroke withdrew to France on the suggestion, it is said, of Pulteney, and the opposition was weakened by the dissensions of the leaders. From the general election of 1734 until his elevation to the peerage, Pulteney sat for Middlesex.For some years after this election the minister's assailants made little progress in their attack, but in 1738 the troubles with Spain supplied them with the opportunity which they desired. Walpole long argued for peace, but he was feebly supported by his own cabinet, and the frenzy of the people for war knew no bounds. In an evil moment for his own reputation he consented to remain in office and to gratify popular passion with a war against Spain. His downfall was not long deferred. War was declared in 1739, a new parliament was summoned in the summer of 1741, and over the divisions on the election petitions the ministry of Walpole collapsed. The task of forming the new administration was after some delay entrusted to Pulteney, who offered the post of First Lord of the Treasury (Prime Minister) to the <mask> of Wilmington, and contented himself with a seat in the cabinet and a peerage, still hoping to retain his supremacy in the ministry. This made him unpopular, and his influence dwindled to nothing.Horace Walpole asserts that when Pulteney wished to withdraw from the peerage it was forced upon him by the king, and another chronicler of the times records that when Walpole and Pulteney met in the House of Lords, the one as Earl of Orford, the other as Earl of Bath, the remark was made by Orford: "Here we are, my lord, the two most insignificant fellows in England." On 14 July 1742 Pulteney was created Baron Pulteney of Heydon, Viscount Pulteney of Wrington, Somerset, and Earl of Bath. On 20 February he had been restored to his rank in the privy council. At Wilmington's death in 1743 he made application to the king for the post of First Lord of the Treasury, only to find that it had been conferred on Henry Pelham. Prime minister

On 10 February 1746, Pelham's administration resigned en masse, and the king turned to Bath to form an alternative ministry. He accepted the seals of office and made nominations to the most senior posts, but it quickly became clear that he did not have enough support to form a viable government, and after "48 hours, three quarters, seven minutes, and eleven seconds" he abandoned the attempt, forcing the king to accept Pelham's terms for resuming office. As the office of Prime Minister did not then officially exist, it is a matter of controversy whether Bath should be considered to have been Prime Minister by virtue of his two-day ministry.Bath's failed attempt to form a government brought him much ridicule. Horace Walpole recorded the joke that "Granville and Bath were met going about the streets, calling 'Odd Man', as the hackney chairmen do when they want a partner", and a contemporary pamphlet satirically praised him for "the most wise and honest of all administrations, the minister having ... never transacted one rash thing; and, what is more marvellous, left as much money in the T[reasur]y as he found in it." Death and legacy
An occasional pamphlet and an infrequent speech were afterwards the sole fruits of Bath's talents. His praises whilst in retirement have been sung by two bishops, Zachary Pearce and Thomas Newton. In 1762, two years before his death, he served as treasurer of the Salop Infirmary in Shrewsbury. He was buried on 17 July 1764, in his own vault in Islip chapel, Westminster Abbey. The monument erected is by the sculptor Joseph Wilton.He married on 27 December 1714 Anna Maria, daughter and co-heiress of John Gumley of Isleworth, commissary general to the army who was often satirized by the wits of the day (Notes and Queries, 3rd S. iI. 40 2-403, ~ 490). Anna Maria was the aunt of  Rev. Dr. John Lockman, Canon of Windsor. She died on 14 September 1758, and their only son <mask> died unmarried at Madrid on 12 February 1763. Pulteney's vast fortune passed in 1767 to Frances, wife of <mask> and daughter and co-heiress of his cousin, Daniel Pulteney, a bitter antagonist of Walpole in parliament, and had taken the name of Pulteney. Of business he was never fond, and the loss in 1734 of his trusted friend John Merrill, who had supplied the qualities which he lacked, was lamented by him in a letter to Jonathan Swift.The town of Poultney, Vermont and the Poultney River were named for him. Cabinet of Lord Bath

Bibliography
<mask>, Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole (1816), and of Henry Pelham (1829)
John Morley, Walpole (1889)
Walter Sichel, Bolingbroke (1901–1902)
Archibald Ballantyne, Carteret (1887)
Eng. Hist. Rev. iv. 749-753
and the general political memoirs of the time. References

Attribution:

Bibliography

External links

 <mask> at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)

1684 births
1764 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British MPs 1707–1708
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1710–1713
British MPs 1713–1715
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747
British duellists
Earls of Bath
Peers of Great Britain created by George II
Lord-Lieutenants of the East Riding of Yorkshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Shropshire
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Pulteney, <mask>
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
People educated at Westminster School, London
People expelled from the Privy Council of Great Britain
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Hedon
Members of the Parliament of England for Hedon

masks:
William Pulteney
William Pulteney
Anne William
Earl
William Pulteney
William Johnstone
William Coxe
William Pulteney
William


texts:
<mask> was the pen name of Vladimir Pavšič (14 April 1913 – 29 September 1993), who was a Slovene poet, translator, playwright, journalist, and Partisan. Biography
<mask> was born as Vladimir Pavšič in the village of Grgar near Gorizia, in what was then the Austrian County of Gorizia and Gradisca and is today part of the Slovenian municipality of Nova Gorica. After the Italian annexation of the Julian March in 1920, the family moved to Celje, which was then part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. After finishing his studies at the Celje High School, Vladimir enrolled at the University of Ljubljana, where he studied Slovene and Slavic philology. After graduation, he worked as a journalist and professor in Maribor. When the Axis powers invaded Yugoslavia in April 1941, he escaped from Nazi-occupied Maribor to the Italian-occupied Province of Ljubljana. In the summer of the same year he joined the Communist-led partisan resistance, where he worked in the area of culture and propaganda.During the People's Liberation War he emerged as one of the major poets of the Slovene resistance. Several of his battle songs became hugely popular. One of them, Hey, Brigades, became the unofficial anthem of Slovene partisan forces during World War II. It was during this period that he started to use the pseudonym <mask> <mask>, which he continued to use also after the war. In 1944, he moved to Belgrade which had just been liberated by the Yugoslav partisans. There he worked at the Slovene section of Radio Free Yugoslavia, led by <mask>. Among his colleagues in Belgrade were the authors Igo Gruden, Edvard Kocbek and Anton Ingolič.In 1945 he moved back to Ljubljana, where he dedicated himself to writing and translating. He received the highest recognition for cultural achievements in Slovenia, the Prešeren Award in 1947 and again in 1952. In 1965 he became a member of the Slovene Academy of Sciences and Arts. In the 1960s and 1970s he was the president of the Slovenian section of the International P.E.N. During the period of Yugoslavia, he often used his influence to help dissidents or to sponsor causes challenging official policies. In the 1960s, he publicly criticized the imprisonment of the Serbian dissident writer Mihajlo Mihajlov. He was one of the founders of the environmentalist movements in Slovenia in the early 1970s.He also voiced his support for the heritage protection movement which fought against the demolishing of historic buildings in Ljubljana (such as the Kozler's Palace). In the late 1970s and early 1980s he led the platform for the rehabilitation of the victims of Stalinist show trials in Slovenia (the so-called Dachau trials of 1947). In 1984 he helped the writer Igor Torkar to publish a novel on his experiences in the Goli Otok concentration camp. In the 1980s Bor researched and attempted to translate Venetic inscriptions by using Slovene and its dialects. Together with Jožko Šavli and Ivan Tomažič, he advocated the theory of the Venetic origins of Slovenes, claiming that the Slovenes are the descendants of a pre-Roman Slavic-speaking people called the Veneti. None of the three men were linguists, and the theory was soon rejected by scholars, but launched a long controversy in which Bor played a prominent role. He died in Ljubljana.Work

Bor published a number of poetry collections. His first collection, called Previharimo viharje, was published during the anti-fascist resistance fight in 1942 by an underground publishing house. In 1959 he published the book Šel je popotnik skozi atomski vek (A Wanderer Went Through the Atom Age), an apocalyptic poetic reflection on the environmental disasters in the Atomic Age. The book was republished in several editions and was translated into the major European languages and contributed to Bor's popularity outside Yugoslavia. Bor also wrote twelve plays and a number of literary works for children and youth. He was a regular contributor to publications for children and teenagers such as Ciciban, Pionir, Pionirski list, Najdihojca (a supplement of the journal Delo), Mali Rod (Klagenfurt) and The Voice of Youth (Chicago). He also wrote the screenplay for the film Vesna, which was released in 1954.He translated a number of works by Shakespeare into Slovene. Bor is also remembered for discovering the "letter rules" of the Venetian alphabet and Venetian grammar. His claims have been rejected by scholars. Essential bibliography

Main poetry collections

Previharimo viharje (1942)
Pesmi (Poems, 1944)
Pesmi (Poems, 1946)
Bršljan nad jezom (Ivy on the Dam, 1951)
Sled naših senc (The Trace of our Shadows, 1958)
Podoknice tišini (Serenades to Silence, 1983)
Sto manj en epigram (A Hundred but One Epigram, 1985)

Youth literature

 Uganke (Riddles, 1951)
 Slike in pesmi o živalih (Images and Songs About Animals, 1956)
 Sračje sodišče ali je, kar je (The Raven Court or Whatever Is Done is Done, 1961)
 Pesmi za Manjo (Songs for Manja, 1985)
 Ropotalo in ptice (The Scarecrow and Birds, 1985)
 Palčki - pihalčki (Dwarves, 1991)

Discography

 Zajček (1968)
 Partizan (1980)
 Jutri Gremo V Napad (1988)
 Hej Brigade (2006) (published posthumly)

English translations
A Wanderer Went Through the Atom Age, (London: Adam Books, 1959). A Wanderer in the Atom Age (Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, 1970). An Anthology of Modern Yugoslav Poetry, edited by Janko Lavrin (London: J. Calder, 1962). See also
Karel Destovnik
Slovenian literature
Venetic theory

Sources

Marija Arh, Primernost Borovih pesmi za učence od 1. do 4. razreda OŠ: diplomsko delo (Ljubljana: M. Arh, 1993), 13-15, 48-50.Viktor Blažič, Svinčena leta (Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1999). Janko Kos, Pregled slovenskega slovstva (Ljubljana: DZS, 2002), 359. Igor Torkar, Umiranje na obroke, preface by <mask> <mask> (Ljubljana: Delo, 1984). Ciril Zlobec, Spomin kot zgodba: avtobiografski roman (Ljubljana: Prešernova družba, 1998). Document on Bor's role in the Yugoslav P.E.N. at the Blinken Open Society Archives
Biography of Igo Gruden with reference to Bor

References

1913 births
1993 deaths
People from the City Municipality of Nova Gorica
People from Gorizia
Ethnic Slovene people
Slovenian poets
Slovenian translators
Yugoslav poets
Yugoslav translators
Yugoslav science fiction writers
English–Slovene translators
Slovenian dramatists and playwrights
Presidents of the Slovene Writers' Association
20th-century translators
20th-century poets
20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Yugoslav Partisans members
University of Ljubljana alumni
Members of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Prešeren Award laureates

masks:
Matej Bor
Matej Bor
Matej
Bor
Boris Ziherl
Matej
Bor