texts:
<mask> (born December 4, 1955) is one of two subjects in the Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph by photojournalism student John Filo during the immediate aftermath of the Kent State shootings on May 4, 1970. The photograph depicts the 14-year-old Vecchio kneeling over the body of Jeffrey Miller, who had been fatally shot by the Ohio National Guard moments earlier. Vecchio had joined the protest while visiting the campus, where she befriended two of the other students hit by gunfire that day: Sandra Scheuer, who was killed, and Alan Canfora, who was wounded in the right wrist. Biography
Vecchio was from an Italian immigrant family who lived in Opa-locka, Florida, where she attended Westview Junior High School at the beginning of 1970. She states that her home life was volatile, and that she and her siblings would leave the house for long periods when their parents fought. Vecchio soon got in trouble for smoking marijuana and skipping school. In February 1970, the police told Vecchio, then 14 years old, that they would send her to jail if she skipped school again.She then ran away from home. Vechhio says that she was not rebelling or intending to make a political statement: "I just wanted to be anywhere that wasn't Opa-locka." Vecchio began hitchhiking her way across the country, sleeping in fields and hippie crash pads with other transient youth, while occasionally working odd jobs for food. Kent State

On May 4, 1970, Vecchio was at Kent State University in northern Ohio. On April 30, President Richard Nixon had announced a U.S. invasion into Cambodia and students were having an anti-war protest. As she walked towards a field on campus where protesters were gathering, Vecchio struck up a conversation with a male student. The two watched as a student waving a black flag taunted a line of the Ohio Army National Guard, who seemed to fall back and then fired more than 60 shots at the students.Vecchio dropped to the ground during the firing. When she looked up, the student she had been talking to, Jeffrey Miller, lay beside her, shot through the mouth. She fell to her knees by his body, though nearby students appeared too stunned or confused to react. Vecchio recalls crying, "Doesn't anyone see what just happened here? Why is no one helping him?" Three other students lay dead nearby. Vecchio remembers running from the scene until she saw National Guardsmen herding students onto a bus.Dazed and wanting to get away, she got on the bus, which drove two hours to Columbus, Ohio, where parents were waiting for their children who were attending Kent State. <mask>, who had never heard of the city of Columbus before arriving, wandered the streets looking for food and shelter. Student photographer John Filo, who was taking photos of the protest, had narrowly avoided being shot. After rising to his feet, he saw a girl drop to her knees by a body on the ground ten feet away. He said, "I knew the boy was dead, but I could tell she didn't know. I could see something building in her, and all of a sudden she lets out this scream and I shoot. I shoot one more picture, and I’m out of film."When he saw the National Guard cutting electric wires on campus, Filo ran to his car, hid the film inside his hubcap, and drove two hours to the offices of his hometown newspaper Valley Daily News in Tarentum, Pennsylvania to develop the film. He sent his photo by wire to the Associated Press and the next morning it appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world. Filo identified the girl simply as "coed." Vecchio cannot recall the first time that she saw the photo, sometimes called the Kent State Pietà. Decades later, Filo would state, "It was because she was 14, because of her youth, that she ran to help, that she ran to do something. There were other people, 18, 19, 20 years old, who didn't get close to the body. She did because she was a kid.She was a kid reacting to the horror in front of her. Had she not been 14, the picture wouldn't have had the impact it did." Aftermath
Vecchio hitchhiked out of Columbus. She had heard that the Federal Bureau of Investigation was looking for the girl in the photo, so she didn't tell anyone who she was, imagining that she could disappear if she got to California. However, another kid at a crash pad in Indianapolis recognized her and tipped off a reporter at The Indianapolis Star. Vecchio talked to the reporter, hoping he would give her bus fare to get to California. Instead, he reported her to local police, who detained her in juvenile detention as a runaway before sending her back to Opa-locka.She said, "I would have stayed anonymous forever. But that guy from the Indianapolis Star, he knocked out my future." Following publication of the photograph through the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review satellite paper Valley Daily News and its subsequent pickup internationally, Florida governor Claude Kirk labelled Vecchio a dissident communist, stating that she was "part of a nationally organized conspiracy of professional agitators" that was "responsible for the students’ death." Many people refused to believe that Vecchio, who was nearly six feet tall, was actually 14. She was followed whenever she left her house by reporters and hecklers, and the family received many death threats. Messages received included, "What you need is a good beating until you bleed red," "I hope you enjoyed sleeping with all those Negroes and dope fiends," and "The deaths of the Kent State four lies on the conscience of yourself." Some anti-war figures expressed resentment that she was receiving so much publicity but had not even been a protester.<mask>'s father sold t-shirts with her image on them, which she signed, along with the occasional autograph. Her family reportedly later sued T-shirt companies for 40 percent of the profits from sales of apparel featuring Filo's photograph. Later life

Vecchio ran away from home again, got caught and was sent to juvenile detention. She ran away from juvenile detention, but was caught again. When she eventually was released from juvenile detention, she was constantly followed by police, who arrested her for loitering and smoking marijuana. In 2017, she described herself at this time: "I was a mess, like I was trying to punch my way out of a paper bag." She was profiled in a 1977 broadcast of 60 Minutes, where she was described as a "maladjusted kid."At age 22, Vecchio moved to Las Vegas, Nevada, married Joe Gillum in 1979, and became a clerk at a casino coffee shop. She lived in Las Vegas for nearly 20 years, eventually being promoted to the casino floor. In 1995, <mask> and John Filo met for the first time, when both were scheduled to appear at an Emerson College conference commemorating the 25th anniversary of the shootings. She also appeared at Kent State University in May of the same year for the 25th annual commemoration. She returned to Kent State University again for the 36th commemoration in May 2006 and for the 37th commemoration in May 2007. In 2001, Vecchio earned her high school diploma at the age of 46. She ended her marriage and moved back to Florida to live in a camper trailer while she worked at the spa at Trump National Doral Miami and took classes at Miami Dade Community College to become a respiratory therapist.After graduating, she worked at the Veterans Affairs Center at Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami, though she never disclosed that she was the girl in the famous Kent State photo. Vecchio states that she did not realize that she displayed behaviors characteristic of post-traumatic stress disorder until she worked with veterans. Since retirement, she has been living near the Everglades, growing avocados and oranges on a small plot. Vecchio reported that she was greatly affected by watching the video of the murder of George Floyd in 2020. In popular culture
Vecchio's image was ubiquitous on magazine covers and posters in the aftermath of the Kent State shootings. Humor magazine National Lampoon ran a fake ad for a "204 pc. Kent State Disturbance set" of play figures with "1 kneeling student" and, in 2006, satiric newspaper The Onion published a fake report under the title, "Kent State Basketball Team Massacred By Ohio National Guard In Repeat Of Classic 1970 Matchup," with Vecchio's face photoshopped over the body of a cheerleader.<mask> has been portrayed in several stage performances depicting the Kent State shootings. The character Vekeero in Halim El-Dabh's 1971 Opera Flies is based on Vecchio. Her role was played by Kelley Lepsik in the 2000 performance of Kent State: A Requiem. Janet Ruth Heller published a poem entitled "For <mask>chio, August, 1973," which portrays <mask> as a modern <mask> praying for the fallen Kent State students. Before being published, the photograph was retouched to remove the distracting background fencepost that appeared over Vecchio's head in the original image. The unretouched original was stored in the archives of Life magazine. Other photographers captured the scene from other angles.A modification of the photograph was painted by Victor Kalin as cover art for a 12-inch vinyl phonograph record Murder at Kent State, released by Flying Dutchman Records in 1970. The painting makes a cultural statement by adding a National Guard unit in the background. Written commentary by Nat Hentoff places the incident in a context of national malaise. Notes

External links
 Photo of Vecchio at 25th anniversary event
 "Runaway Back Home with Her Parents". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. 24 May 1970, page 2A
 "The Girl in the Kent State Photo". Washington Post Magazine.April 20, 2021. 1955 births
American people of the Vietnam War
Black-and-white photographs
History of Miami-Dade County, Florida
Italian emigrants to the United States
Kent State shootings
Living people
People from Opa-locka, Florida
People notable for being the subject of a specific photograph
Photographs of the United States
Works originally published in American newspapers
1970s photographs
Photographs of protests

masks:
Mary Ann Vecchio
Vecchio
Vecchio
Vecchio
Vecchio
Mary Vec
Vecchio
Mary


type: original

texts:
<mask>, sometimes also referred to as <mask> (, Nazí Ṗaiḳiʒe, ; , , born 27 October 1993), is a Russian-born Georgian–American chess player. She holds the titles of International Master (IM) and Woman Grandmaster (WGM), which FIDE awarded her in 2012 and 2010 respectively. Paikidze was twice world girls' champion and four-time European girls' champion in her age category, and is a twice U.S. women's champion. Early life
Paikidze was born in Irkutsk, Russia. Her father was a mechanical engineer, and her mother a biochemist. Her father taught her to play chess when she was four years old. That same year, her parents moved to Tbilisi, Georgia, where she grew up with dual citizenship Georgian and Russian.In Tbilisi, Paikidze attended elementary school, where chess was part of the curriculum, and she relates that chess became her favorite class. Her chess teacher recognized her talent and suggested to her parents that they might consider chess as a profession for their daughter. Paikidze has said: "Every family in Georgia owns a chess set and knows how to play. Everyone in the country knows the names and faces of the top Georgian chess players." In 1999, at the age of 6, Paikidze began working with her first professional chess coach and improved quickly. Just over three years later, in 2003, at the age of 9, Paikidze won her first international tournament: the European Youth Chess Championship, in a category for girls under ten years old. After that tournament she earned the title of FIDE Master.Her family then moved to Moscow in 2006. Paikidze's brother was a football player. In 2008, at the age of 14, Paikidze began being coached by Russian grandmaster Vladimir Belov and others. She became a Woman Grandmaster in 2010, then an International Master. Chess career
Paikidze won twelve medals at European Youth Chess Championship, World Youth Chess Championship, and World Junior Chess Championship, including six gold medals, in various age categories. She won the European Youth Chess Championship four times: in Budva 2003 (Under-10 girls' category), Herceg Novi 2005 (U-12 girls), Šibenik 2007 (U-14 girls), and Herceg Novi 2008 (U-16 girls). She won medals in the World Youth Chess Championship in Kallithea 2003 (bronze U-10 girls), Belfort 2005 (silver U-12 girls), Batumi 2006 (bronze U-14 girls), Kemer 2007 (gold U-14 girls), Vũng Tàu 2008 (gold U-16 girls), and Antalya 2009 (bronze U-16 girls).She also won two bronze medals at the U-20 World Junior Girls Chess Championship, in Gaziantep 2008 and Madras 2011. 2009. At the age of 16, Paikidze attained a peak rating of 2455 and was rated 35th in world of the top FIDE-rated women. 2010. Paikidze jointly won the women's open event of the Moscow Open, won the Moscow Women's Championship and the Russian Women's Championship qualifier ("Higher League"), and finished fourth in the Russian Women's Championship Superfinal. In the same year, she was awarded the title of Woman Grandmaster (WGM), for her results in the 2008 Aeroflot Open, 2009 Georgian Women's Championship, where she came equal second, and the 2010 Moscow Open. 2011.Paikidze represented Georgia in the 9th European Women's Team Chess Championship in Porto Carras 2011, winning the team bronze medal. In 2012, Paikidze was awarded the title of International Master (IM). 2013. Paikidze competed in a small number of international chess events in the United States after moving to Baltimore, Maryland. She then changed her FIDE federation to that of the U.S.

2015. <mask> made her debut in the U.S. Women's Chess Championship, finishing second with a score of 7½/11 points. Later that year, she won the Boardwalk Open in Galloway, New Jersey, edging out on tiebreak Sergey Kudrin and Igor Sorkin, after all finished on 4/5.2016. On April 25, Paikidze won the U.S. Women's Championship in her second appearance with 8½ points in 11 games. Paikidze boycotted the Women's World Chess Championship 2017 in Tehran, Iran due to its hijab dress code: "I will not wear a hijab and support women's oppression. Even if it means missing one of the most important competitions of my career." She received support for her stance from the U.S. Chess Federation, as well as prominent players Nigel Short and Garry Kasparov. Her online petition asking for the championship to be moved or the hijab laws to be relaxed has received over 15,000 signatures.It has been pointed out in this context that the U.S. Department of State has issued a warning that there is a "risk of arrest and detention of U.S. citizens", and also states that travelers "should very carefully weigh the risks of travel and consider postponing their travel". 2018. In April, Paikidze won the 2018 U.S. Women's Championship for the second time, after defeating WIM Annie Wang in the playoff match, which started with 1-1 in the rapid, and finished with Paikidze winning as white in the Armageddon. Personal life
Paikidze currently is a full-time chess professional. She married American engineer Greg Barnes and resides in the area of Las Vegas, Nevada, U.S. Paikidze studied at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), which has a chess program that has won a record number of times both the Pan-American Intercollegiate Team Chess Championship and the President's Cup. She joined the UMBC team in the fall of 2012. Meanings of names

 Her Georgian first name, Nazí (ნაზი) translates as "gentle".She has explained that the correct pronunciation is "nah-ZEE" (). She was named after her grandmother. Her Russian patronym Nodarovna (Нодаровна) translates as "daughter of Nodar", with "Nodar" (Нодар) being her father's name and "-ovna" (-овна) translating to "daughter of". Her Georgian family name translates as "Pawn's son" or "son of a pawn", with paiki (პაიკი) translating as pawn, dze (ძე) translating as son. References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Chess International Masters
Chess woman grandmasters
Female chess players from Georgia (country)
American female chess players
Chess Olympiad competitors
People from Irkutsk
Georgian emigrants to the United States
Russian emigrants to Georgia (country)
Russian sportspeople of Georgian descent
21st-century American women

masks:
Nazí Paikidze
Nazí Paikidze Barnes
Paikidze


texts:
<mask> (January 27, 1910 – September 20, 1973) was a German-American logician and philosopher. His primary field of study was scientific axiology (the science of value) and he is known as its original theorist. His axiology is the basis of the Hartman Value Inventory (also known as the "Hartman Value Profile (HVP)", which is used in psychology to measure the character of an individual. Early life
<mask><mask> was born in Berlin, Germany on January 27, 1910. He studied at the German College of Political Science, and also at the University of Paris, the London School of Economics, and at the University of Berlin from which he received an LL.B. degree in1932. He started working as instructor in administrative law and the philosophy of law at the University of Berlin, and he also served as Assistant Judge of the District court, Berlin-Charlottenburg.In 1932 he left Germany for Britain and "started working for Walt Disney Productions as a copyright representative in Britain and later opened offices for Disney in Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden where he met and married his wife. The Hartmans moved to Mexico City where he represented Disney Productions in Central America and the Antilles." Career
Hartman's rejection of Fascism brought him into conflict with the Nazi party and forced him to leave Germany, using a fake passport, in 1932. He legally changed his name, which originally was <mask>, to the name on his passport, <mask>. (for <mask>) <mask>. In 1938, using a Swedish aliens passport, he, his wife, and son left Europe for Mexico, where they lived until their immigration in 1941 to the United States, where they later became citizens. In 1941 he migrated to the United States and became a citizen. He did his doctoral work in philosophy at Northwestern University in 1946.He taught at the University of Berlin and at Lake Forest Academy near Chicago. He was a professor of philosophy at the College of Wooster (1945 - 1948) and at Ohio State University (1948 - 1956) and was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1955 - 1956) and at Yale University in 1966. <mask> was a Research Fellow and Exchange Professor at the National University of Mexico from 1956 - 1957, and from 1957 until his death he was a research professor of philosophy there. From 1968 until his death <mask> also held an appointment as a professor of philosophy at the University of Tennessee. In the late 1950s he was among the first members of the Society for General Systems Research. From 1950-1957 he was Chairman of the Commission on Peace for the International Council of Community Churches. He served as Executive Director of the Council of Profit-Sharing Industries, and wrote its first manual.He was a founder of the Deutsche Institute fur Social-Wirtschaftliche Betriebsgestaltung (industrial organization). He was a founding sponsor of the American Association for Humanistic Psychology. He has been credited with being the founding spirit behind the prevailing business-retirement plan in the United States today, the 401K Plan. He was the first President of the American Society for Value Inquiry, founded in 1971 by James Wilbur. He served as consultant for the practical application of Value Theory with AT&T, General Foods, General Electric, and IBM. Death
<mask> died in Cuernavaca, Mexico on September 20, 1973. He had one child, a son, Jan. <mask> was an Emmy-winning screenwriter, author, and playwright.He died of heart failure in October 2006. For the previous 10 years, Jan lived in Hertfordshire, England, with his wife, <mask>, a book editor. Work
He was the subject of doctoral dissertations, including that of a former Chairman of the Philosophy Department at the University of Tennessee, Professor John Davis, as well as of Marvin Charles Katz, whose thesis was later published as a book entitled Trends Towards Synthesis. He has published papers on the phenomenology of group measurement, on universal constants in Physics (in his role as a philosopher of science), on the logic of description and valuation, on the contribution of <mask>. Anselm, and on the Concept of Self in <mask> Kierkegaard. Value theory
The reference book Who Knows What listed Hartman as one of the two living authorities on value theory (the other was Charles W. Morris (1903-1979). Among Hartman's publications are the report on Value Theory for the Institut International de Philosophis 1949-1955, published by UNESCO; his magnum opus The Structure of Value (1967 Southern Illinois University Press); and at the time of his death in 1973 he was working on a manuscript entitled The Measurement of Value. Another critical work is his Knowledge of Good (<mask>. Hartman, Arthur Ellis and Rem B. Edwards, 2002 Rodopi Press) a thorough study of all the philosophical discussions of goodness and what gaps exist in a complete philosophy of value.Hartman shows how his Formal Value Theory fills these gaps. Robert S. Hartman Institute
The Robert S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology was founded in 1976 and exists for the sole purpose of advancing the axiological work of <mask> S. <mask>. The Institute was developed in cooperation with heirs of <mask><mask> to advance study relating to <mask><mask>'s unpublished and unfinished works held in the collections of the graduate library of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The Hartman Institute affirms the importance of a diversity of approaches to the formalization, interpretation, and application of Hartman’s theory, and it has no allegiance to any particular business model or organization. The Journal of Formal Axiology
The Journal of Formal Axiology is published once a year, since 2008, by the Robert S. Hartman Institute. Each edition is focused on advancing formal axiology and the value theory of Robert.S. <mask> and includes articles dealing primarily with axiological practice and application, as well as with theoretical issues.Articles may be critical, constructive, creative, theoretical, or applied, and are focused on advancing our understanding of Hartmanian axiology and/or what can be done with it. Membership Types
The Robert S. Hartman Institute is a volunteer-run organization made up of a global membership base. Membership types include Professional Membership, Teacher/Instructor Membership, Student Membership, and Axiological Service Provider Membership. Published Works
<mask> was a prolific writer with some of his works published and many available in their original manuscript form at the University of Tennessee Knoxville Archives. The Robert S. Hartman Institute is working diligently to bring as many of these manuscripts to publication as possible. The Structure of Value: Foundations of Scientific Axiology
Hartman's revolutionary book introduces formal orderly thinking into value theory. It identifies three basic kinds of value, intrinsic goods (e.g.people as ends in themselves), extrinsic goods (e.g. things and actions as means to ends), and systemic goods (conceptual values). All good things share a common formal or structural pattern: they fulfill the ideal standards or "concepts" that we apply to them. Thus, this theory is called "formal axiology" Some values are richer in good-making property-fulfillment than others, so some desirable things are better than others and form patterned hierarchies of value. How we value is just as important as what we value, and evaluations, like values, share structures or formal patterns, as this book demonstrates. Hartman locates all of this solidly within the framework of historical value theory, but he moves successfully and creatively beyond philosophical tradition and toward the creation of a new value science

The Knowledge of Good: Critique of Axiological Reason
This book presents <mask><mask>'s formal theory of value and critically examines many other twentieth century value theorists in its light. Five Lectures on Formal Axiology
During the final decade or so of his life, Hartman frequently delivered a series of lectures in which he outlined the need for a scientific theory of human values, the theoretical requirements demanded of an effective value theory, and his rationale behind the development of the particular value theory he developed, which he named formal axiology.He named these lectures, collectively, Five Lectures in Formal Axiology. Written as they were for oral delivery, they have a cadence and clarity to them that make them a pleasure to read. Hartman concludes these lectures with a description of how his theory might be applied in various real-world situations. Specifically, he discusses how formal axiology can be applied to studies of economics and political economies, including profit sharing; to international affairs, including matters of war and peace; and to personal ethics. To Hartman, nothing less than the survival of human existence depends on this. The Revolution Against War: Selected Writings on War and Peace
Hartman devoted much of his extraordinary intellectual capacity to understanding and articulating the political, philosophical, psychological, and spiritual causes of war so that humankind could stop waging war and start living together in peace. This collection of essays by Hartman reveal, for the first time in one place, the range and depth of his thoughts on this subject.It also traces how his own understanding of the role of war in human society evolved during his lifetime. It was his study of war that led, in large part, to his development of the value theory for which he is best known—formal axiology. Hartman's ideas, if understood and embraced, may well lead to fulfillment of his hope that we can learn to live in peace. See also
 American philosophy
 List of American philosophers

Notes

References
 Dictionary Of Modern American Philosophers, edited by John R<mask>, entry HARTMAN, <mask> by Rem. B. Edwards, Theommes Continuum (2005)
 <mask><mask>, Freedom to Live: The <mask> Story. edited by Arthur R. Ellis. Rodolpi Press.<mask>, <mask>. 1967. The Structure of Value; Foundations of Scientific Axiology. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Further details about his life and work can be found at http://www.hartmaninstitute.org/RobertSHartman.aspx

External links
 The Robert S. Hartman Institute for Formal and Applied Axiology
 The Robert S. Hartman Collection, 1910-1973 at the University of Tennessee
 A current bibliography of books by and about Hartman, Formal Axiology, and its applications. 1910 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American logicians
Lake Forest Academy alumni
College of Wooster faculty
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Moral philosophers
Axiology
Ethics
Philosophers
German emigrants to the United States

masks:
Robert Schirokauer Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert Schirokauer
Robert S
Schirokauer
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Jan Hartman
Stacey McNutt
St
Sren
Robert S
Robert
Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
Hartman
Hartman
Robert S
. Hartman
. Shook
Robert Schirokauer
Robert S
. Hartman
Robert Hartman
Hartman
Robert S


texts:
Wilhelm Richard Heinrich "<mask><mask> (14 March 1929 in Ettlingen, Germany – 21 June 2013 in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart) was a German painter, muralist, sculptor, musician, composer, writer, author, publisher, and art dealer. The artist
Wilhelm "<mask><mask> worked in many art directions, creating compositions, poems, paintings, and invented his own painting style: the Polycon painting. Wiedmann also attended and organised national and international exhibitions. Throughout his career <mask> engaged with several famous artists such as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, and Salvador Dalí. He was Stuttgart's first art dealer who displayed Dalí's art in his own gallery, "Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen." <mask> received the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany in 2002 for his work in the service of art and culture. The musician and composer
At the age of four <mask>mann played the accordion; one year later, the violin and flute.In 1939 he had first appearance at a chamber orchestra. At thirteen Wiedmann wrote his first minuet, one of many compositions. Throughout his life he created 150 Opus works. <mask> studied music between 1950 and 1958 at the State University of Music and Performing Arts Stuttgart, as a student of Johann Nepomuk David. From 1954 to 1964 he worked as a freelance musician and composer at the Württembergischen Staatstheater Stuttgart, and between 1964 and 1982 for several German television and radio stations such as SDR, SWF, ARD, and ZDF. For over ten years, Wiedmann played as a professional jazz musician, collaborating on-stage with many artists including Louis Armstrong, Ella Fitzgerald, Stan Getz, Lionel Hampton and Oscar Peterson. The painter and art dealer

In addition to his musical career, <mask> studied painting at the State Academy of Art and Design in Stuttgart (1960–1963), attending classes of Professor Willi Baumeister.After his studies, he invented the art of "Polycon painting" (Polykonmalerei) which he officially exhibited for the first time in 1965 at the Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. Throughout his career <mask> created over 30,000 paintings, which were presented in galleries worldwide. Between 1975 and 1998 Wiedmann redesigned artwork in churches in Germany, Italy, Austria, etc. Examples include the Martinskirche in Wildberg, "Martinsfenster" in 1982, in cooperation with Volker Saile and Laleh Bastian, and the Pauluskirche in Zuffenhausen, Stuttgart in 1984. The convergence between art and church gave Wiedmann the idea for his main work: "The Wiedmann Bible". He worked for sixteen years (1984–2000) painting the 3,333 pictures, folded into an accordion-pleat style book (leporello). Wiedmann claimed that The Wiedmann Bible is the world's longest painted Christian Bible.It is painted in <mask>'s own Polycon style. In 1964, <mask> opened his first art gallery Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. He exhibited as one of the first art dealers of "Wiener Schule"  and Neoclassicism, Salvador Dalí at his gallery (1966), as well as Nkoane Harry Moyaga during the restrictive period of South African apartheid (1977). He was the first art dealer in Europe to exhibit the works of a black South African painter throughout this time. <mask> ran a total of six national and international galleries throughout his career: among others are Pictures for Business in New York (1967–1977), TWS-Etagengalerie in Stuttgart (1972–1977, director), and Kunsthoefle in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart (1983–1985, director). The author and publisher
Despite his profession as a painter, art dealer, musician, and composer, <mask> also pursued his passion for writing. He wrote seven books (author or illustrator), of which he published most of them himself.Other literary works include 500 poems, lyrics, and audio plays. <mask> often wrote using several pen-names, for example "Alkibiades Zickle", inspired by a favorite restaurant of his, "Zickle" in Bad Cannstatt. He uses pseudonyms including Emilio Gräsli, Alkibiades Zickle, Marc Johann, Theodor Abtsfeld, George Yugone, Eugen von Engelsbogen and Allan Doe. Personal life
Wilhelm Richard Heinrich (<mask><mask> was born in 1929 in Ettlingen, Karlsruhe, Germany to his parents Richard and Klara <mask>, née Weiss. He was married to Klara <mask>, née Wagner, and fathered three children Richard, Cornelia and Martin. Wiedmann was known for his two pet Schnauzers: Jakob and Jakobine, named after his "Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen". They accompanied him and his wife on their trips, tours, exhibitions and festivals.Wiedmann died in 2013 at the age of 84 Jahren in Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart. <mask> was involved with several associations and organizations. He donated works to charity events, was a charity auctioneer himself, and a respected art critic. Starting in 1968 he took on private students such as the German actor Walter Schultheiss or the artists Laleh Bastian and Ute Hadam. Wiedmann was also very committed to the local art scene and culture and one of the founders of "Cultur in Cannstatt" (Stuttgart) in 1988. Wiedmann in Numbers
3 Breuninger department stores – redesign
4 churches – painted
6 galleries – managed
7 books – author and illustrator
10 fund-raiser – donor, auctioneer, etc. 500 poems – author
150 compositions
3.333 pages long Bible illustration in Polycon painting (Wiedmann Bible)
30.000 paintings

Works
Works in Public Spaces include:

 Polycon painting at Pauluskirche
 At Martinskirche he designed a notable glass window, "Martinsfenster", representing Jesus anointed by a Sinful Woman at Simon's premises (Lucas 7)."Projekt Weinkeller", Mall, township Kuchen, Göppingen in cooperation with Laleh Bastian and Volker Saile. Exhibitions

1964–1967
1964 <mask>mann: 1. Literature
Der Rittergarten. Die Gedichte des hochwohlgeborenen und weithin gepriesen und bekannten Melanchthon vom Knitterthal. Alkibiades Zickle, Emilio Graesli (author); Ohne Verlagsangaben, 1981. Wenn's donnert und blitz: Feierobendgedichte und sonschtiges. Alkibiades Zickle, Emilio Gräsli Stuttgart: O. P. Veit; Stuttgart : W. Wiedmann, 1982.Cannstatter G'schnatter. Gedichte von Alkibiades Zickle. Zeichnungen von Marc Johann; Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen, 1982. Stuttgarter Hufschlag. Altes und neues Stuttgart. Gedichte. Alkibiades Zickle (author), Marc Johann (illustrator); Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen, 1982.25 Jahre Galerie am Jakobsbrunnen. <mask>; Stuttgart – Bad Cannstatt: Jakobsbrunnenverlag, 1989. 50 Jahre Kunsthöfle Bad Cannstatt. Hrsg. : Galerie Kunsthöfle Bad Cannstatt. Red. : <mask>; Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, 1986.Notes

 Archive Cannstatter Zeitung
 Some data is based on written, unpublished information from <mask> and his son <mask>, as well as the students Laleh Bastian and Ute Hadam. External links
The Wiedmann Bible
Laleh Bastian
Mc Bride Gallery – Walsh
Ute Hadam

20th-century German painters
German male painters
20th-century German sculptors
20th-century male artists
German male sculptors
21st-century German sculptors
21st-century male artists
German composers
German art dealers
Artists from Stuttgart
1929 births
2013 deaths
German male short story writers
German short story writers
German male novelists
German male poets
20th-century German poets
20th-century German novelists
20th-century German musicians
20th-century German short story writers
20th-century German male writers
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

masks:
Willy
" Wiedmann
Willy
" Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wied
Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Willy
) Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wiedmann
Wilhelm Wiedmann
Willy Wied
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Willy Wiedmann
Martin Wiedmann


texts:
<mask> (June 8, 1899July 19, 1977) was an American  pioneer aviator. He was the founder of Wien Alaska Airways. Biography
<mask> was born in Lake Nebagamon, Wisconsin, but the family moved to a homestead in 1905, to a place now called Cook, Minnesota. In May 1921, he learned to fly a JN-4 in 8 hours, from Major Ray S. Miller, commander of the 109th Minnesota Air Squadron and manager of the Curtiss Northwest Airplane Company's flying school. Unable to pay the bond required to solo, <mask> took a job with E.W. Morrill 15 June 1921, helping to fly and maintain his Standard J-1 while barnstorming. After a few more flying jobs, on 2 Sept. 1922, <mask> had enough money to put a downpayment on a Thomas-Morse S-4, which he owned for two weeks, unable to make the final payment.<mask> then started working for Clarence W. Hinck's Federated Flyers Flying Circus, earning $300 a month, before Hinck's sold out his operation in Jan. 1924. <mask> was then hired by Jimmy Rodebaugh, in May 1924, to fly 2 Standards for his Alaska Aerial Transportation Company. When <mask> first arrived in Alaska he had 538.5 hours of flying time. <mask>'s first Anchorage flight, from the newly prepared Delaney Park Strip, took place on 4 June 1924. This was soon followed by Anchorage's first passenger flights, and <mask> put on Anchorage's first aerobatic show for the 4th of July celebrations. Then on 6 July, <mask> and Bill Yunker, made the first flight from Anchorage to Fairbanks, flying from Delaney Park Strip to Weeks Field. They completed the flight in under 4 hours, while the trip via Alaska Railroad took 2 days.Then, on 19 Aug. 1924, Wien made the first bush flight to Livengood, Alaska in support of the mining operations located there, making the trip in under an hour when it took several days via dog sled. That Oct., Wien made the first flight over the Arctic Circle. During the following winter season, the Standards sat idle. In Feb. 1925, Wien purchased a Fokker F. III from Atlantic Aircraft in New Jersey and had it shipped to Rodebaugh's newly formed Fairbanks Airplane Company. Though the pilot still sat in an open cockpit, 5 passengers rode in an enclosed compartment within the fuselage. <mask> also brought his brother Ralph to Alaska as a replacement for the mechanic Bill Yunker. <mask> and Ralph made the first commercial flight from Fairbanks to Nome in June 1925.<mask> flew until Nov. 1925 when he and Ralph quit the Fairbanks Airplane Company. <mask> headed south to barnstorm the midwest in 1926, then headed back to Alaska with his brother Fritz in March 1927. In 1926, <mask> was issued pilot license No. 39 signed by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale Official Orville Wright. <mask> and <mask> went into partnership with Gene Miller, and purchased a very used Hisso Standard from the Fairbanks Airplane Co. in 1927. In June they established their business in Nome, servicing Candle, Deering, Kotzebue, and Point Hope. At the end of the summer of 1927, <mask> went into business for himself, purchasing a Stinson Detroiter he could fly year round, from Hubert Wilkins.<mask>, and his Wien Alaska Airways, started a regular weekly round trip flight between Fairbanks and Nome. <mask> also secured special air mail flights during the spring and fall breakup. Ralph and <mask> made skis for the plane, from 8 by 1 foot hickory wood, modeled after the skis their father made back in Minnesota. Wien added a second plane, a Waco 9, in the spring of 1928, and taught Ralph and Fritz to fly. On 20 Oct. 1928, Wien Alaska Airways, Inc. was incorporated with <mask> as president, Ralph as vice-president, and Miners and Merchants Bank president Granville (Grant) R. Jackson as secretary. The new company built a hangar at Weeks Field and promptly ordered a Hamilton Metalplane. At the end of 1928, <mask> had accumulated 1290 hours of flying time in Alaska for a total of 1940 hours.<mask> was one of eight pilots in Alaska, while Ralph was one of twelve mechanics. They operated three of the seventeen aircraft in the Territory. In March 1929, <mask> and Ralph bought and refurbished a Stearman from Arctic Prospecting and Development Company, which had crashed and was abandoned on Walker Lake. On 7 March 1929, <mask> and Calvin (Doc) Cripe made the first flight across the Bering Strait, the first nonstop flight from America to Asia (Nome to North Cape), and return the next day. The flight was at the request of the Swenson Herskovitz Trading Company to fly furs out of an ice bound Elisif. <mask> married Ada Bering Arthurs, of Nome, on 19 May 1929. After which, <mask> moved his company headquarters to Fairbanks.In 1929, <mask>, Ralph and Grant Jackson sold Wien Alaska Airways to Avco. <mask>'s company plus Anchorage Air Transport and Bennett-Rodebaugh were merged into a new company called Alaskan Airways, Inc.  <mask> remained as a pilot for the new company and Ralph was retained as a mechanic and back-up pilot. However, <mask> and Ada headed south where they purchased a Stinson Junior, and their son <mask> <mask> was born on 4 April 1930 in Minnesota. In Sept., the <mask> family made plans to head back to Alaska, Ada and baby by train and boat, while <mask> would fly the Stinson with his master mechanic brother Sigurd (Sig). Sadly though, news arrived on 12 Oct. of Ralph's death in a Kotzebue crash. Their return was delayed until Dec. 1930, so they could bury Ralph in Cook. <mask> flew for Alaskan Airways from Feb. 1931 until Jan. 1932, after selling them his Stinson.In Aug. 1932, once his non-compete clause ended, he restarted Wien Airways of Alaska, Inc., with a Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker. <mask> and Vic Ross achieved the "biggest scoop of the year" in 1935, according to Ira Harkey, when they delivered Alfred Lomen and his film of the Post-Rogers crash to Seattle for International News Service, ahead of a competing flight chartered by the Associated Press. <mask> pioneered an inland route from Fairbanks to Whitehorse, Yukon, to Prince George, British Columbia, to Seattle, when all other flyers used floatplanes to fly a coastal route starting with the Lynn Canal to Juneau, and then onwards to Seattle. <mask> and Ross departed Fairbanks at 10:45 PM on 17 Aug., and landed in Seattle at 12:30 PM the next day. <mask> and Ross used the money earned from that flight to purchase a Ford Trimotor 5-AT. They then made the first Seattle to Fairbanks passenger flight on 28-31 Aug. In 1935, <mask> contracted polio, but survived with only a limp in his right leg, and continued to fly.Then, in 1938, he received a piece of metal in his right eye, and a botched operation meant the loss of sight in that eye and the consequent depth perception, yet he continued to fly. The eye was removed in 1946, and replaced with a glass eye. Though still flying, he stopped logging hours after 11,600. His last forced landing was in 1956. He died on July 19, 1977, in Bellevue, Washington. Legacy
 The <mask> Public Library in Fairbanks, Alaska is named after him. The library sits on the site of Weeks Field, the original airport in Fairbanks and base for many of Wien's early accomplishments.Weeks Field Park, adjacent to the library, was previously called Wien Park. Flying runs in the family: his sons, <mask> <mask> and Richard A<mask>, and grandsons Kurt, Michael and Kent all became commercial pilots as well. <mask> was inducted into the Minnesota Aviation History Museum Hall of Fame in 1989, the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum Hall of Fame in 2000 and the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2010. Wien Mountain is located in the Brooks Range, Wien Lake is located in the Kilbuck-Kuskokwim Mountains, Wien Street is located in Fairbanks, 15 July 1974 was declared Noel Wien Day, and <mask> was declared Alaskan of the Year in 1975. References

External links
  <mask> interviewed at KENI-TV in Anchorage, 1972
 Air and Space Magazine 10 Great Pilots, March 2003

1899 births
1977 deaths
Aviators from Alaska
Aviators from Wisconsin
Aviation pioneers
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
People from Douglas County, Wisconsin

masks:
Noel Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Ralph Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel
Noel Merrill
Wien
Noel
Noel
Noel
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Wien
Noel Wien
Noel Merrill
Wien
. Wien
Noel Wien
Noel
Noel Wien


texts:
<mask> (Spanish: <mask>) (28 January 1923 – 14 June 1980) was an Italian Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor. He was sent to serve in the foreign missions in El Salvador in 1950, where he aided the faithful through evangelization and the construction of churches. <mask> – like the then-Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero – spoke out against injustices on the part of the junta of El Salvador which caused him to receive a number of death threats. He was killed in 1980 in the church where he served as pastor, just prior to the celebration of Mass, shot at point blank range. His cause for canonization was approved in 1999 under Pope John Paul II when he became titled as a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed while it was later announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022. Life

Early life

He was born <mask> on 28 January 1923 in Mansuè, Treviso, to a peasant couple, <mask> and Josefina Zamuner.He received his baptism on the following 30 January. As a young woman, <mask>'s paternal aunt Maria had been in the process of becoming a nun but was forced to withdraw from the novitiate due to a bone disease. She later helped to care for her nephews and taught them catechism while aiding them with housework; she also told them stories of saints. <mask> received his confirmation in 1932 while in 1933 he felt a firm call to the priesthood and so insisted to his father that he start his education in preparation for that. Spessotto travelled to the friary of the Friars Minor in Motta di Livenza and asked a friar how much it would take for him to enter, to which the friar responded that the candidate would need to have a clear vocation and the will to serve God. He then demanded that his father relent to his request, to which he did and Sante left for Lonigo to begin his formation as a friar on 3 September 1938. He took the clothes and savings that his aunt had packed for him.While waiting for his train at the station, he said to his father: "Now I call you father but one day you'll call me father". On 16 September 1939 <mask> was admitted into the novitiate of the Province of Veneto and received the Franciscan habit as well as his religious name of "<mask>". This took place in Vicenza, in a secluded friary on a hilltop, where those at that friary tried to live according to the Rule of Life of Saint Francis of Assisi and the motto of Saint Leonard of Port Maurice. He made his temporary profession of religious vows on 17 September 1940. He was then sent to study philosophy in the friary of San Antonio de Genoa in Udine, but  World War II prompted the transfer of the friary's students to the friary of San Francesco in Padua. Spessoto's final months of philosophical studies were located in an area where aerial bombings during the conflict became a high risk – at the friary of San Pancrazio in Barbarano Vicentino – which was leveled by bombings by Allied Forces in December 1944 and again the following March, thus the students were forced to take refuge elsewhere. His theological studies were conducted at San Vito al Tagliamento, where he underwent an operation for an ulcer.The war made anesthesia impossible, so he was forced to endure the pain – he asked a nursing religious sister for a crucifix and that she squeeze his hand during the operation, which proved successful. <mask> made his profession of solemn vows on 19 March 1944 and was ordained to the priesthood on 27 June 1948. After his ordination, he requested to be sent to the missions in China, but his mother forbade it due to the volatile tensions with the Communists who had assumed power in 1949. He also wanted to go to Africa, but this too never materialized. The following year, three friars – including <mask> – were assigned to go as missionaries to El Salvador. They set sail from the port of Genoa on 9 March 1950 and arrived on 4 April 1950. El Salvador
Spessotto did not speak any Spanish when he arrived in El Salvador and so had to learn the language in order to speak and connect with the locals.After three years, he was assigned to serve as the pastor of the Church of St. John the Baptist in the town of San Juan Nonualco. His entrance into his first parish on 8 October 1953 was recalled as the priest being on a Vespa and being covered in dust due to the unpaved roads. He spent his first week visiting home after home in order to meet the locals. Spessotto aimed to connect to the local communities while in El Salvador and worked to rebuild a church that an earthquake had leveled in the 1930s. He learned on one occasion that there were hundreds of couples living together but were not married and in response he organized mass weddings where he married several couples at once. On another occasion guerillas took control of a church and took several priests hostage which ended when Spessotto negotiated their release. He also raised funds for the construction of a school and health clinics.<mask> also helped in the construction of a modern and functional church and construction for that church commenced on 2 June 1960. He introduced the cultivation of wine grapes into the region. By the last 1970s, <mask> had begun to denounce the abuses on the part of the junta then ruling that nation. He grew all more vocal in his denunciations after armed gunmen had assassinated the Jesuit priest Rutilio Grande. Yet this was not without complications for he had received his own death threats due to his strong denunciations and opposition to the El Salvadorian military forces. He nonetheless continued to care to the needs of the ill of his parish while aiding the poor of the area. In May 1980 he was admitted to hospital due to liver complications but was instead diagnosed with leukemia.On 14 June 1980 <mask> had celebrated Mass that afternoon for a slain student in his parish church of St. John the Baptist in San Juan Nonualco, where he had served as pastor for many years. He was shot at point-blank range around 7:00pm. He was murdered at the altar while preparing to preside at the celebration of an evening Mass. As he lay dying, he forgave his murderers. His final words – according to the priest Filiberto del Bosco – were "pardon ... pardon" as del Bosco gave him the anointing of the sick. Beatification

The process for the canonization of <mask>l was opened by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zacatecoluca on 17 July 1999, with the declaration of "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') by the local bishop (the first official stage in the sainthood proceedings) and official approval to the commencement of the cause had been granted. The diocesan process opened on 14 June 2000 and closed on 14 June 2001 – marking the date of the late priest's death.The cause was officially accepted by the Holy See on 4 April 2003, in which the Congregation for the Causes of Saints approved the process for further investigation, whereupon <mask> was titled a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed.It was announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022 with Cardinal Gregorio Rosa Chávez presiding over the rite on the Pope's behalf. The current postulator that is assigned to the cause is Giovangiuseppe Califano. References

External links
Hagiography Circle

1923 births
1980 deaths
People from Mansuè
1980 in El Salvador
20th-century venerated Christians
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Assassinated Italian people
Beatifications by Pope Francis
Catholic martyrs of El Salvador
Deaths by firearm in El Salvador
Franciscan martyrs
Italian Friars Minor
Italian beatified people
Human rights abuses in El Salvador
Italian people murdered abroad
Salvadoran beatified people
Salvadoran Roman Catholic priests
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People murdered in El Salvador
People of the Salvadoran Civil War
Roman Catholic activists
Roman Catholic missionaries in El Salvador
Venerated Catholics
1980 crimes in El Salvador
1980 murders in North America
1980s murders in El Salvador
Italian expatriates in El Salvador

masks:
Cosma Spessotto
Cosme Spessotto Zamr
Spessotto
Sante Spessotto
Vittorio Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Cosma
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto


texts:
<mask> (born 19 November 1981) is an English professional football manager and former player. He is the current manager of Bolton Wanderers. Evatt began his career as a central midfielder, but was later converted to a central defender. He began his professional career in 1999 at Derby County, and he also played for Northampton Town (on loan), Chesterfield (in two spells), Queens Park Rangers and Blackpool. As a player, he gained promotion with Blackpool (from League One to the Championship in 2006–07, and from the Championship tier to the Premier League in 2009–10) and with Chesterfield (from League Two to League One, as champions, in 2013–14). As a manager, he won promotion with Barrow (from the National League to League Two in 2019–20) and with Bolton (from League Two to League One in 2020–21). Early life
Evatt was born in Coventry, West Midlands.As a child he supported hometown club Coventry City. He attended Caludon Castle School for his secondary education. Playing career

Derby County
When he was ten years old, Evatt played for the district side in his hometown and was scouted by Derby County. He started with them from the age of 11 years. He signed his first professional contract on his seventeenth birthday in 1998. His first appearance in the Derby team came in the last match of the 2000–01 season, on 19 May 2001 at Pride Park, when he replaced Þórður Guðjónsson in the 78th minute. In the 2001–02 season he spent two months on loan with Division Two club Northampton Town, from 10 August to 10 October 2001, playing in eleven League games.His next appearance for Derby came in April 2002 when he came on for Rob Lee against Newcastle United, then on the last day of the 2001–02 Premier League season he made his full debut against Sunderland, playing the full 90 minutes of a 1–1 draw at the Stadium of Light. Derby were relegated and the following season, under new manager John Gregory, Evatt was a regular starter in the side. On 9 September 2002, Evatt scored The Rams' third goal as they beat Division Two club Mansfield Town 3–1 in the League Cup. In the following round against Oldham Athletic, Evatt found himself having to play in goal when Mart Poom got sent off. He started out as a centre-midfielder, before being moved to central defence. Evatt said of the move, "I started off my career in midfield. I played a few games in the Premier League and, as I got bigger, I moved backwards but I enjoyed it.They saw the potential for me to be a better centre-half." Evatt suffered an injury in March 2003. Then, just before George Burley was appointed as manager to replace John Gregory, who had been sacked in March, Evatt had to have a double hernia operation and he did not feature much for Derby afterwards. He made a total of 34 League appearances for The Rams, including some in the Premier League, but was released by George Burley at the end of the 2002–03 season. Chesterfield
Evatt signed for Division Two club Chesterfield in July 2003, with Spireites manager Roy McFarland saying that Evatt was his number-one target to take to the club. Initially he played in midfield, where he struggled, before being moved by McFarland into central defence, where his performances improved. He went on to become the club captain and he won the Player of the Season award for the 2003–04 season.However, in the summer he needed a further hernia operation as the operation the previous year while he was with Derby did not fix the problem. On 26 August 2004, Evatt signed a contract extension with the club to the summer of 2007, saying that it took him just five minutes to make the decision to sign, as he felt the club were "going in the right direction". In February 2005, Chesterfield turned down an offer for Evatt from Bristol City. He was also attracting interest from other clubs, including Leicester City. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Evatt won the SIFA Player of the Season Award and was runner-up in the CFSS Player of the Season Award. He made a total of 84 League appearances, scoring nine goals for the Spireites. Queens Park Rangers
On 2 June 2005, Evatt signed a three-year contract with Championship club Queens Park Rangers for a fee of £150,000, under a clause in his contract at Chesterfield that allowed him to move if a six-figure bid was made.On 3 December 2005, during an away match against Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium, Evatt was assaulted by a Stoke fan. When a Stoke City player was sent off, resulting in a penalty being awarded to QPR, a young Potters fan ran onto the pitch and jumped at Evatt from behind, knocking him to the floor, where he was also alleged to have punched Evatt. The youth was arrested and subsequently charged with assault. He was banned from attending football matches for three years and at trial pleaded guilty to assault. Evatt made 27 League appearances for the Hoops. On 1 August 2006 he was sent on a six-month loan to Blackpool, who were then in League One. He made 26 appearances for the Bloomfield Road club.Blackpool
QPR terminated <mask>'s contract, enabling him to join Blackpool on a permanent basis on 5 January 2007, during the transfer window. He signed an 18-month contract, with the League One club having an option for a further year. Evatt scored his first goal for the Seasiders in the fourth round of the FA Cup against Norwich City on 27 January 2007. His equaliser took the tie to a replay at Carrow Road. On 19 March 2007, Evatt was named in the Press Association's League One "Team of the Week". In May 2007 he was part of the Blackpool team that won promotion to the Championship in the 2006–07 Play-Off Final at Wembley Stadium. After two-and-a-half months out with a medial knee ligament injury Evatt returned to action on 8 December 2007, as a 65th-minute substitute for Michael Jackson in the West Lancashire derby against Preston North End.However, he was out of action again in early 2008 when he suffered back and hamstring injuries. Evatt scored his first League goal for Blackpool on 25 October 2008 at Bloomfield Road when he headed their second equaliser in a 2–2 draw with Crystal Palace. He made his 100th League appearance for Blackpool on 24 January 2009, in a 2–0 victory over Birmingham City at Bloomfield Road. On 2 April 2009, Evatt signed a new two-year contract with Blackpool, with an option for a further year. Evatt scored his second League goal for the Seasiders on 15 August 2009 in Blackpool's first home game of the 2009–10 season, a 1–1 draw at Bloomfield Road against Cardiff City. His 300th career appearance was as a 36th-minute substitute in a 0–0 draw with Swansea City at the Liberty Stadium on 24 October. He was named in The Championship "Team of the Week" following his performance and goal in Blackpool's 4–1 home win over Scunthorpe United on 7 November.After Blackpool's promotion to the Premier League, he was sent off half an hour into their second fixture, a 6–0 reversal at Arsenal on 21 August 2010. <mask> was named in the "Team of the Week" for week fourteen of the campaign, sharing the centre-back role with Aston Villa's Ciaran Clark. Evatt was Blackpool's only ever-present player in their 38 Premier League matches during the 2010–11 season. This included one substitute appearance against Aston Villa at Villa Park on 10 November 2010. After the departure of Keith Southern to Huddersfield Town in July 2012, Evatt inherited the accolade of being Blackpool's longest-serving current player. Return to Chesterfield
After his release from Blackpool in June 2013, Evatt re-joined Chesterfield on a two-year contract on 30 July 2013, and was made the club's captain. He scored his first goal in his second spell for the club against Fleetwood Town in the Football League Trophy Northern Area Final on 4 February 2014.He was released by Chesterfield at the end of the 2017–18 season. Coaching career

Caretaker spell at Chesterfield

On 23 April 2018, following the departure of Jack Lester, <mask> was appointed caretaker manager for the remainder of the season, which ended in Chesterfield's relegation to the National League. Barrow

On 15 June 2018, <mask> was unveiled as the new manager of National League side Barrow. <mask> officially retired from playing after coming on as a forward late in a friendly at home to his former club Blackpool on 20 July 2019. The appearance was prompted by Barrow's social-media manager, who announced that, should their tweet be retweeted one thousand times, Evatt would come on for the last few minutes. In his second season in charge, Evatt guided Barrow back to the Football League for the first time in 48 years as champions of the National League. The season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with standings based on a points-per-game basis.Bolton Wanderers

On 24 June 2020, Bolton Wanderers made an official approach to Barrow for <mask> to become their head coach, and Barrow demanded £250,000 compensation should he make the move. Two days later, Barrow rejected Bolton's bid for his services, stating it was below the £250,000 they had asked for. On 29 June, Bolton and Barrow agreed on compensation and Bolton began discussing personal terms with Evatt. <mask>'s appointment at Bolton was confirmed on 1 July 2020. His first action as Bolton head coach was to give a new contract to recently released Ali Crawford, and his first signing was the leading goalscorer of the 2019–20 EFL League Two season, Eoin Doyle. His first competitive match as head coach came on 5 September, a 2–1 home defeat against Bradford in the first round of the EFL Cup. Evatt lost his first four competitive matches in charge, the first time this has happened to a Bolton manager/head coach.This had Bolton in their lowest-ever league position in their history, 21st in League Two. After losing the first five matches of the season, his first win came on 3 October against Harrogate Town. Bolton's form soon turned around and after winning five matches in a row, Evatt was named EFL League Two Manager of the Month for November 2020. After the departure of director of football Tobias Phoenix on 11 December, Evatt's role was changed from head coach to manager. After five wins and one draw in February 2021, Evatt was named Manager of the Month again for the second time that season. This was followed up the following month with five wins and one draw, which saw him win March's Manager of the Month award as well. Bolton finished the season in third place after a 4–1 win against Crawley Town on the final day of the season, which was enough to secure automatic promotion to League One.On 28 May 2021, Evatt signed a new three-year contract with the club. On 14 November 2021, during a charity match in which the Bolton first-team played a match against a team of Bolton legends — the match helping to raise money for the mother of Bolton player Gethin Jones who had been diagnosed with Motor neuron disease — substitute Evatt brought himself on after half-time and played as a striker for the first-team. The first-team won 7–4, with Evatt scoring a hat-trick. Management style
Evatt prefers to play attacking possession-based football, with his Barrow team nicknamed "Barrowcelona" due to the attacking football they played. At Barrow he played a 3-4-1-2 formation and used the same system at Bolton Wanderers. He changed to a 4-2-3-1 formation, with Bolton going from 20th to third and achieving promotion to League One. Evatt frequently decides against naming a substitute goalkeeper on the bench, preferring to have more attacking options and has had outfield players do goalkeeping training, just in case.Evatt will sometimes bring on attacking players when winning matches rather than defensive players, preferring to score more goals than defend a lead. Career statistics

Management statistics

Honours

Player
Blackpool
Football League One play-offs: 2006–07
Football League Championship play-offs: 2009–10

Chesterfield
Football League Two: 2013–14

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2013–14 League Two

Managerial
Barrow
National League: 2019–20

Bolton Wanderers
EFL League Two third-place (promotion): 2020–21

Individual
National League Manager of the Month: December 2018
National League Manager of the Year: 2019–20
EFL League Two Manager of the Month: November 2020, February 2021, March 2021

References

External links
<mask> profile at blackpoolfc.co.uk
<mask> profile at qpr.co.uk

1981 births
Living people
English footballers
Association football defenders
Derby County F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Footballers from Coventry
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
National League (English football) managers
Barrow A.F.C.managers
Bolton Wanderers F.C. managers
Chesterfield F.C. managers

masks:
Ian Ross Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Evatt
Ian Evatt
Ian Evatt


texts:
W<mask>h born <mask> (13 July 1950 – 13 April 2016) was a Ghanaian lawyer, international civil servant and diplomat who served as the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the World Bank Group from 2003 to 2007. He was the Special Advisor to the President of the African Development Bank from 2008 to 2015. Early life and education
Ofosu-Amaah was born in Accra, Ghana in 1950 to Ga-Dangme parents, Lawrence and Bernice Ofosu-Amaah. He was the youngest child in a large family. It is said that growing up in Accra, he often socialised with adults in a neighbourhood barber shop and enjoyed playing street football. With accelerated promotion, he finished his first four years of his primary education in 2 years. He attended the all-boys Anglican boarding school, Adisadel College in Cape Coast for his secondary education.At age of 20, he received his undergraduate LLB degree from the University of Ghana, Legon. He proceeded to Harvard Law School, where he received an LLM in 1972. Career
W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah began his legal career as an Associate at Davis Polk & Wardwell in New York, from 1973 to 1975. He then moved to Rome where he worked as a Legal Officer at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), from 1975 to 1978. In Rome, he developed a love for Italian suits which became his signature sartorial choice. In 1978, he joined the World Bank at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., staying on for three decades and worked in areas relating to the legal dimensions of international development. He had oversight over legal frameworks and judicial reforms for more than 500 complex World Bank-financed project of the World Bank in regions such as Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East.He had been Senior Counsel for bank-financed operations in China, Indonesia, Jordan, Romania and Nepal. He wrote legal instruments and the constitution of the African Capacity Building Foundation. As the legal advisor for environmental affairs, he was the World Bank delegate in the negotiations of global environmental treaties between 1986 and 1991 and played a role in the establishment of the Global Environment Facility and the development of various environmental and social-related policies of the international organisation. Ofosu-Amaah's positions at the World Bank legal vice presidency include Acting General Counsel, Deputy General Counsel, Chief Counsel, Africa Division, Legal Adviser, Environmental Affairs among others. In 2003, he became the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the World Bank and worked closely with three of the institution's presidents, including <mask> (1995-2005). As the Acting General Counsel, he was the principal legal officer of the Bank, providing legal and policy advice to the Management and the Board of the Bank. As Corporate Secretary, he was part of the committee that selected two World Bank Presidents, <mask> (2005-2007) and Robert Zoellick (2007-2012).He was also instrumental in enhancing the effectiveness of the Bank's board of trustees. He retired from the World Bank in 2007. Between September 2008 and September 2015, was appointed the Special Advisor to the President of the African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka. Ofosu Amaah was a member of the African Union High Level Implementation Panel that included Thabo Mbeki of South Africa and Abdulsalami Abubakar of Nigeria, facilitating negotiations between the Republics of Sudan and South Sudan. He was the author of many World Bank publications relating to institutional policies and operations, combating corruption, project and infrastructure finance, environment management and negotiation issues, post-conflict reconstruction, and governance and capacity building, legal and judicial reform in Africa. He sat on the Board of Trustees of the African University of Science and Technology, the Nelson Mandela Institution, and the International Law Institute - African Centre for Legal Excellence in Uganda. He lectured at the International Development Law Institute in Rome, the International Law Institute in Washington, D.C., and was a Visiting Professorial Fellow at Queen Mary University of London.Selected publications

W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah, "Women: Key Partners in Sustainable and Equitable Development : Resource Materials on Women and Sustainable Development," 1994
Raj Soopramien, W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah, Kishor Uprety “Combating Corruption: A Comparative Review of Selected Legal Aspects of State Practice and International Initiatives” World Bank, Washington DC, 1 July 1999
 W. <mask> Ofosu-Amaah “Reforming Business-Related Laws to Promote Private Sector Development: The World Bank Experience in Africa” World Bank, Washington DC, 16 May 2000

Personal life
He married <mask> Ofosu-Amaah in 1976, in London. He met his future wife as an 18-year old in Accra in 1968 and maintained a long-distance relationship with her while they both studied abroad. Together, they raised their two children, a son, Nii Amaah Koranteng and a daughter, Naabia. <mask> Ofosu-Amaah served as the regional coordinator for African policy, at the World Bank's development office in Washington, D.C. Ofosu Amaah's siblings were Samuel, the founding Director of the School of Public Health, University of Ghana; George, former Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana; May, Director at the Social Welfare Department during the PNDC years and Vincent, former Director of the Ghana Commercial Bank. W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah was a Bob Marley aficionado and loved Ghanaian highlife music. He was a lifelong Anglican. Death and funeral
W. Patii Ofosu-Amaah died suddenly in Chevy Chase, Maryland, on 13 April 2016, aged 65.His funeral service at the Grace Episcopal Church, Silver Spring, Maryland on 26 April 2016. His remains were interred in Accra on Thursday 12 May 2016. Upon his death, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) sent a note of condolence. References

1950 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of Adisadel College
Ga-Adangbe people
Ghanaian Anglicans
Ghanaian civil servants
Ghanaian diplomats
Ghanaian lawyers
Ghanaian Protestants
Harvard Law School alumni
University of Ghana alumni

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. Paatii Ofosu Amaa
William Jacob Paatii Ofosu Amaah
. Paatii
James Wolfensohn
Paul Wolfowitz
. Paatii
. Paatii
Paatii
Waafas
Waafas
. Paatii


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<mask> (13 September 1932 – 29 September 2021) was a Lithuanian composer and academic composition teacher. He wrote numerous oratorios and operas, often inspired by ancient Lithuanian polytheistic beliefs and music. He also composed film scores, orchestral works and chamber music. Kutavičius is regarded as a symbol of Lithuanian cultural identity, both in music as in politics. Among many awards, he received the Lithuanian State Prize in 1987. Life
Born in Molainiai, Panevėžys County, Kutavičius studied composition at the Lithuanian State Conservatory in Vilnius from 1959 to 1964, in 's composition class. He studied Western techniques such as random operations, timbre experiments and spatial sound concepts (Zufallsoperationen, Klangfarbenexperimente und Raumklangkonzepte).From the 1970s, he studied the folklore of Lithuania, songs, dances, and cults, with ethnological methods. He composed numerous oratorios and operas, among them The Last Pagan Rites, inspired by ancient Lithuanian polytheistic beliefs and music. From the 1990s, he integrated musical cultures including countries such as Japan and Karelia. He worked from 1991 to 1995 on one of his major works, The Gates of Jerusalem, which earned him the Lithuanian State Prize in 1996. He composed his first opera in 2000, Lokys to a libretto by Aušra Marija Sluckaitė-Jurašienė based on the novella by Prosper Mérimée. His music is performed at international festivals, including the Warsaw Autumn, the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, Mare Balticum, Wratislavia Cantans, Vale of Glamorgan Festival, Spitalfields Festival, MaerzMusik, ISCM World Music Days in Vilnius. Kutavičius was a member of the executive council of the Sovjet-Lithuanian composers' association, but held an independent position without concessions to the occupation.His works inspired the movement towards independence in the 1980s. Kutavičius taught composition at Čiurlionis School of Art from 1975, and at the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theater from 1984, appointed professor a year later. He retired from teaching in 2000. Kutavičius died in Vilnius at age 89. Works
Although an element of drama appears in compositions by Kutavičius, his first opera was premieres in 2000, Lokys (The Bear) , comosed on a commission by the Vilnius Festival. The libretto by Aušra Marija Sluckaitė-Jurašienė is based on Mérimée's Lokis the Bear. The opera entered the repertoire of the Lithuanian National Opera and Ballet Theatre.A reviewer noted an eclectic style combining Nordic New Simplicity, 20th-century neo-classicism elements, and "multi-layered musical tapestries" including folk elements, and vocal lines "inherited" from Poland and Russia. Kutavičius, whose ability to create an acoustic image of Lithuanian history has been acknowledged, received s commission from the state for a large-scale composition to commemorate the 750th anniversary in 2003 of the coronation of King Mindaugas, Lithuania's only king. In response, he wrote a diptych Ignis et fides (Fire and Faith), scored for vocal soloists, recitators, choir and symphony orchestra including folk instruments. The text is based on the first mentioning of the name of Lithuania in historical sources, and the king's coronation. The work combines elements of opera, ballet and oratorio. Recordings of music by Kutavičius include:

LP

 1971 – Avinuko Pėdos, vokalinis ciklas: V. Adamkevičius & Styginis kvintetas. Texts by O. Baliukonytė, V. Rudokas & S. Geda.Part of LP "Lietuvių Tarybinių Kompozitorių Kameriniai-Vokaliniai Kūriniai", Melodiya 33SM-2887-8 (10")
 1973 – Stygnis Kvartetas No. 1 (1971): Vilniaus kvartetas. Together with string quartets by Vytautas Barkauskas & Vytautas Juozapaitis, Melodiya 33SM-04251/2
 1978 – Prutyana ("Zanesennaya derevnya"):  (organ), E. Digris (violin), L. Duker (bell), Melodiya 33 S10–10595-96
 1980 – Metauela: Honoured song & dance Ensemble of Vilnius V. Kapsukas University, cond. V. Alexandavicius, Melodiya S30-11963/4
 1979 – Dzūkiškos Variacijos (Dzuk Variations) / Praeities Laikrodžiai (Hours of the Past) / Mažasis Spektaklis (Little Play): Lietuvos kamerinis orkestras / Vilniaus kvartetas etc, Melodiya S10-12535/6
 1979 – Eilės: Sigitas Geda: Nijolė Gelžinytė (reading) / Vilniaus Kvartetas, Melodiya S42-12623/4 (7")
 1981 – Baroko siliaus variacijos: Vilniaus B. Dvariono Muzikos Mokyklos Strygnis Orkestras (String orchestra of the B. Dvarenas Music School, Vilnius), cond. Vitautas Kabelis, Melodiya S10-14359/60
 1982  – Jubiliejinis koncertas (Jubilee Concert): Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites) / Du Paukščiai Girių Ūksmėj (Two Birds in the Thick of the Woods): Giedrė Kaukaitė / Vilniaus M. K. Čiurlionio vidurinės meno mokyklos choras dir. Rimantas Zdanavičius, Melodiya S10-18773/4
 1985 – Lietuvių Kompozitorių Kūriniai Fortepijonui (Lithuanian Composers' Works for Piano) – Sonata. Together with works by V. Laurušas, F. Bajoras & Osvaldas Balakauskas: Birutė Vainiūnaitė, Melodiya S10 22333 006
 1987 – 1953–1983: Trente Ans De Musique Sovietique: Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites).This is a repress of Melodiya side 18773 above, Le Chant du Monde LDC 78037 (5-LP set)
 1990 – Iš Jotvingių Akmens (From the Yotvingian stone) / Pasaulio Medis (The Tree of the World), Melodiya S10-29285 009
 1990 – Du koliažai: Liuda & Kęstutis Grybauskas – Fortepijoninis Duetas (Piano Duets), Melodiya S10 29435 008

CD
 2001 <mask> Kutavičius: 1) Last Pagan Rites, oratorio for chorus, horn & organ. (organ), 2) Epitaphium Temporum Pereunti, symphony oratorio for chorus & orchestra Conductor . CD, Ondine
 2003 <mask> Kutavičius opera Lokys (The Bear). 2CD, Ondine
 2015 <mask> Kutavičius The Seasons: Oratorio. CD, Toccata Classics. Film scores
Film score by Kutavičius include:
 1978 – , cond. 1978 – , cond.1979 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. Araminas
 1982 – , cond. 1983 – , cond. Vabalas
 1988 – , cond. Lukšas
 1988 – , cond.1990 – , cond. Jonas Vaitkus
 1990 – , cond. Vabalas

Video

Awards
Kutavičius received the   in 1987 and the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts in 1995. He was awarded the prize of the Probaltica Festival in Toruń, Poland, in 1996 for his life's work. He was honoured in 1999 by the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, and the Polish Officers Cross Order of Poland. In 2003, he was induced in the . Prizes from the Lithuanian Composers' Union included a prize for the best stage work for Ignis et fides in 2003, a prize for the best chamber work for the cello octet Andata e ritorno in 2008, and another prize for best stage work for his music for Carl Theodor Dreyer's silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc in 2010.He  received the prize of the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2003, and a prize "Author of the Year" from the Agency of Lithuanian Copyright Protection Association in 2004. References

Further reading
 Raminta Lampsatis: <mask> Kutavičius: A Music of Signs and Changes. Publisher: Vaga. 1998, Vilnius. <mask> Kutavičius bibliography (editions in various languages, mainly Lithuanian) Panevėžys County Petkevičaitė-Bitė Public Library

External links
 <mask> Kutavičius page on MICL site
 Work list sikorski.de

1932 births
2021 deaths
People from Panevėžys District Municipality
Lithuanian composers
Lithuanian classical composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Lithuanian opera composers
Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize
Male classical composers
20th-century male musicians
21st-century male musicians

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Bronius Kutavičius
Bronius
Bronius
Bronius
Bronius
Bronius
Bronius


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<mask> (1941–2015) was an American gay activist and radio personality. He co-hosted The New Symposium on New York City's WBAI from 1968 to 1969, the first weekly public radio program to offer an affirming discussion of homosexuality by openly gay hosts. After the Stonewall Riots, he co-founded the Gay Liberation Front in New York City and continued his audio activism through the program Homosexual News. From 1971 to 1973, his weekly WBAI show Out of the Slough broke barriers as the first freeform radio show centered on gay politics and culture. Early life and family

<mask> was born on July 24, 1941, in Jamestown, New York. His childhood home was at 509 Lakeview Avenue in Jamestown. His father, George B<mask>, Jr. (1905–1997), ran Pitts Home and Garden, a home and hardware store inherited from his father.As a young man, he had been enrolled as a student of philosophy and religion at the University of Chicago, intending to become a minister or social worker, before a family crisis forced him to return to Jamestown. Driven by a social conscience, he integrated his company's workforce, introduced an innovative profit-sharing plan for his employees, and helped create the local community college. <mask> recalled him as a loving, well-intentioned man who provided for his family despite his life's disappointments, and who attempted to love and accept his son while unable to understand his homosexuality and unconventional life. His mother <mask> (1911–2012), was born Frances Warrington Porter in Falconer, New York. After marrying George B<mask>, Jr. she also worked for Pitts Home and Garden, and later in life was involved in founding the Bioregional Conservancy and Reclamation Trust in Maine. Frances and <mask> had four children, including <mask>, his sisters Mary and Martha, and his brother Robert. As a student at Jamestown High School, <mask> already exhibited many of the interests that he would maintain throughout his lifetime.While an honor roll student, he found time to explore many hobbies and passions; he participated in the “Lyceum” debating society, served on the editorial committee of the school yearbook, was a school PA announcer, and held the vice president role in the Radio Club. He participated in a group of students that produced a radio program broadcast weekly on local FM stations. A yearbook caption identified him as a “hard worker” with “original ideas,” interested in photography and radio electronics. After high school, Pitts was briefly confined in a psychiatric unit at Gowanda State Hospital, related to his homosexuality. After emerging from the hospital, he began to publicly acknowledge his sexuality to his family and others. Early career

In the early 1960s, <mask> attended Jamestown Community College and worked at WJTN, the town's local radio station. He later studied at Alleghany College in Meadville, PA, where he hosted the college's program on a local radio station.Before moving to New York City, he held positions at several commercial radio stations around the state, including Rochester, Salamanca, and Olean. From 1965 to 1967 he worked for Cine Magnetics in Mamaroneck, NY, where he recorded audio soundtracks for sales presentations and teaching aids on 8-millimeter film, before moving to Manhattan. Move to New York City

In the mid-1960s, <mask> decided to move to New York City. A major impetus for his relocation was to seek treatment from psychotherapist C.A. Tripp, whose perspective that homosexuality constituted “a difference rather than an illness” promised a route towards a more affirming self-understanding. Tripp had worked under Dr. Alfred Kinsey studying human sexuality at the Kinsey Institute, became an advisor to the New York Mattachine Society, and would gain prominence as the author of The Homosexual Matrix, a controversial but influential 1975 book critiquing psychoanalytic perspectives on homosexuality and arguing in favor of social acceptance of homosexuals. Upon arriving in Manhattan, Pitts met with Tripp, joined a therapy group of other gay men led by Wardell Pomeroy, and soon “developed a strong and positive gay identity and a deep anger at the cultural standards that for so long had kept him guilty and unhappy.” While exploring the city's gay world, Pitts also became an active participant in hippie and countercultural circles.During his early years in New York City, <mask> worked as a freelance sound engineer for a range of companies, including recording radio programs and commercials for Cinema Sound, Ltd. And museum and historical site tours for the Acoustiguide Corporation. He performed location dialog recording for various film projects, including the movies Greetings (1968), The Projectionist (1970), and Love and Kisses (1971). He also attended the Woodstock Festival in August 1969, where he worked as a sound engineer with a film crew documenting the performances. Their work would be released in the 1970 documentary film Woodstock; in addition to winning an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the film also received a nomination for Best Sound. <mask> appears briefly at 13:40 in the later Woodstock Diary feature, recording the film sound. WBAI Radio and Gay Activism

As a lifelong radio enthusiast, <mask> quickly gravitated to WBAI upon moving to Manhattan, where he worked as an engineer and announcer off and on from 1967 to 1973. Longtime WBAI participant Steve Post recalled that Pitts simply wandered into the studio at some point, announcing his intention to volunteer, and by persistently showing up and taking on tasks had managed to secure engineering and announcing roles at the station.At WBAI, Pitts interacted with a range of countercultural and New Left radicals, whose convictions that “individuals could revolutionize society by thinking and acting in new ways” helped to bolster his determination to live openly as a gay man. His participation in community radio fed directly into his activism in the emerging gay liberation movement. In 1968, Pitts along with Baird Searles, Bill Weaver, and other gay men launched a weekly radio program on WBAI called “The New Symposium.” The program's stated goal was “inspiring a sense of social identification within our subculture.” In contrast to the standard practice of a previous generation of homophile activists who wrote and spoke publicly using pseudonyms, all of the gay men who participated in “The New Symposium” used their legal names. The thirty minute shows featured discussions between the hosts, invited guests, and callers, exploring a wide range of themes relevant to gay men and lesbians. Topics included couples and relationships, the leather scene, physique magazines, gay and lesbian youth, employment, hustlers, cruising, homosexuality in literature, anti-gay violence, and religion. The show became famous in the New York City area gay community, recognized by listeners for the openness of its hosts and its candid conversation on controversial topics that had rarely, if ever, been discussed in public media before. Founding of the Gay Liberation Front

As historian David Carter notes, “<mask>’s position as an openly gay radio personality positioned him to take action in the immediate aftermath of the Stonewall Riots.” Shortly after the riots had taken place, SDS activist Bill Katzenberg contacted Pitts, suggesting that the two discuss creating a radical gay organization.The two arranged to meet, and Pitts invited Pete Wilson, an activist with the New York City Sexual Freedom League and a frequent guest on "The New Symposium." During their meeting, Pitts came up with the slogan that would appear on the flyer promoting the new organization: “Do you think homosexuals are revolting? You bet your sweet ass we are!”

Before the riots, Katzenberg and fellow gay New Left activist John O’Brien had already reserved space at Alternate U for a meeting on July 24. Alternate U, located on the second floor of 530 Sixth Avenue at West 14th Street in Greenwich Village, was “a free counterculture school and leftist political organizing center” and a “radical haven.” Pitts, Katzenberg, and Wilson agreed to promote the July 24th meeting as an opportunity for homosexuals to “make a place for ourselves in the revolutionary movement.”

Pitts joined Katzenberg, Weaver, O’Brien, and about forty other radical homosexuals at the July 24th meeting. Lesbian writer and activist Karla Jay recalled that the crowd included “drag queens, bar dykes, street people, feminists, radical students, leftists, socialists, Marxists, Maoists, anarchists, libertarians, hippies, and former Yippies.” Pitts later recalled the early GLF meetings as “mind-bending,” marked by conflicts over purpose, methods, and strategy, and diverging over whether to focus specifically on homosexuality versus organizing as gay people to participate in the broader revolutionary movement. While participating in the GLF, Pitts continued his exploration of gay themes through radio. In 1969, the WBAI program director fired Pitts for refusing to adhere to the station's music policies.In response, Pitts called a meeting with other staffers at which he argued that the true reason for his termination lay in the fears of heterosexual staffers that the station was “being taken over by homosexuals.” Although he was not reinstated at first, he continued to spend time at the station as a volunteer until he was rehired by different staff some months later. From 1970 to 1971, Pitts co-hosted with Pete Wilson the show “Homosexual News” on WBAI, consisting of reports on local and national current events relating to gay men, lesbians, and sexuality. “Out of the Slough” Program on WBAI

In 1971, WBAI agreed to give Pitts time in the programming schedule to use for his own gay-themed freeform radio show. His new program, titled “Out of the

masks:
Charles Pitts
Charles Pitts
. Pitts
Charles
Frances Pitts
. Pitts
George Pitts
Charles
Charles Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Charles
Pitts
Pitts


texts:
 Slough,” first aired on July 3, 1971. Shows centered around discussions with callers, along with Pitts’ reflections on gay life, current events, and articles from local media as well as music. The show continued until January 1973. The program provided an opportunity for many gay people to connect with others, explore ideas, and express themselves.For example, gay singer-songwriter Michael Cohen, after listening to Pitts’ show, stopped by WBAI to bring him a tape of his songs. Despite getting into “a violent ideological argument” with the young musician, Pitts nonetheless played the tape on his Saturday night show, invited him back to the station to record more tracks, and interviewed him on subsequent shows. Cohen's first self-titled album was recorded at WBAI, engineered and produced by Pitts, including one song recorded live on the air during “Out of the Slough” in September 1972. Cohen went on to release two additional albums on the Smithsonian Folkways record label. Pitts’ show attracted controversy and condemnation from some listeners and WBAI staff. One outraged listener writing to the station in 1972 castigated Pitts as “spiteful, intolerant, and tedious, and a querulous spoiled brat to boot.” Journalist John Dalmas from the Rockland County Journal-News argued that Pitts “has a reputation for being a gay bigot—he puts down gays who don’t swing his way” and claimed that “Out of the Slough” had “done little to advance the cause of gay liberation.” WBAI producer Paul McIsaac, while considering himself both a supporter of gay liberation and a personal friend of Pitts, questioned the show's style and expressed discomfort over the content, particularly its discussion of intergenerational sex. Despite the complaints of its critics, the show proved an important influence for a significant number of young gay men.George Plagianos, who grew up Brooklyn and would go on to become an activist in ACT-UP, remembers that after acknowledging his homosexuality but before actually meeting other gay people, he learned about gay life and politics by listening to Pitts’ show on WBAI. Victor Patin began listening to “Out of the Slough” in eleventh grade, and described how his life was profoundly changed by having Pitts “with me, guiding me, giving me strength” through his voice and the voices of the other gay young people who called and wrote in to the show. R. Paul Martin, host of WBAI's free-form “Back of the Book” radio show, described his importance for the gay community: “By the ‘70s and ‘80s the number of gay men who acknowledged having been educated about gay male life and issues by <mask>s’ broadcasts was astounding.”

In May 1973, <mask> was again fired by WBAI manager Jerry Coffin. While he would continue to spend time at the WBAI studio and appeared as a guest on other shows, he would not host his own program on the station again. Beating and Recovery

Around 4:30 AM on February 18th, 1978, Pitts was violently attacked by a stranger while waiting for a cab home in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. After spending the evening at a gay leather bar and then eating at an all-night restaurant, he was walking on 22nd Street towards 10th Avenue when an unknown man accosted him and began hitting him. Pitts did not fight back, but attempted to call for help.The attacker eventually began to walk away, but when Pitts attempted to reach a telephone booth to call for help, the man returned and resumed beating him. He lost consciousness, and was eventually transported to St. Vincent’s Hospital by a police officer, where he awoke in the emergency room. The motivation for the attack was unknown. While the attacker did not use any verbal anti-gay slurs, Pitts understood the assault within the broader context of a wave of anti-gay violence taking place in New York City at the time. As he explained in a radio interview a month after the attack, “My getting beaten up was necessary for society to continue as it is now; whoever beat me up was also playing his part. These things are necessary in order to continue the oppression of homosexuals.”

Pitts’ injuries were severe, including a splintered nose, a jaw broken in several places that had to be wired together, orbital fractures around the eyes, and major swelling to his head. The damage required a week of recovery at St. Vincent's, followed by a two-week stay at Bellevue where he underwent five hours of plastic surgery.Over the course of the year he underwent five different reconstructive operations, spending 48 days in hospitals. Recovery proceeded slowly, requiring a long regimen of pain medication; he would suffer from chronic pain as a result of his injuries for years. Later life

<mask> continued to work in commercial radio through much of his time in New York City. He served as a Production Engineer at WNCN-FM from 1976 to 1991. In addition to his work miking, recording, editing, and mixing, he wrote a computer program called “Sked” to facilitate scheduling feature broadcasts. His commercial work garnered recognition through several industry awards, including sharing a Peabody Award and a Major Armstrong Award for his work on the program “Conversations with Horowitz,” and another Peabody Award for “New York City Musicbox.” In 1994, he began working at as a production engineer at WQXR until his retirement. <mask> died on May 21, 2015 from lung disease.Social and Political Beliefs

Sexual Freedom

Historian Toby Marotta notes that Pitts marked an exception from the norm among early Gay Liberation Front activists, who had become politicized within the New Left and generally lacked a “strong and positive sense of identification with the gay subculture.” By contrast, Pitts and a few others were “self-taught radicals with strong libertarian biases and little experience in the organized Movement,” which informed his divergent perspective from the nascent sexual politics of the GLF radicals. While many of the young activists criticized gay male sexual culture, condemning promiscuity and anonymous sex, Pitts consistently defended and celebrated it. Pitts insisted that young people were sexual beings and deserved the opportunity to explore their erotic selves with themselves, their peers, and adults. His support for the right of younger and older people to form intergenerational sexual relationships, as he advocated in discussions on his program “Out of the Slough,” proved one of his most controversial topics, attracting significant criticism. Pitts was a practitioner and defender of S&M and a participant in the gay leather community. While emphatically defending the validity of consensual S&M, Pitts joined with other “radical gay sadists” in criticizing the “conservatism, consumerism, hipsterism, and outright sexism” he perceived in gay male leather and S&M communities emerging visibly in the 1970s and exemplified by figures such as filmmaker Fred Halsted and author Larry Townsend. Consumerism

Pitts was a vehement critic of consumerism, particularly its impact on gay communities.In a 1989 letter to his doctor published in the journal And Then, he lamented that before the AIDS epidemic, gay men “bought into an ugly, vicious scene, where one’s value was only what could be currency in that money-culture: money itself, or saleable good looks.” In contrast to the original inclusive, counter-cultural message of gay liberation, he believed, they were “utterly consumed with what they could consume, since their freedom and equality as human beings ended with their wallet or their credit line, whichever went first.”

Free Speech
Pitts passionately advocated for free speech without restrictions. He put this belief into practice in his radio shows, refusing to censor himself or others even when this brought him into conflict with the FCC, station management, listeners, and friends. By the early 1980s, Pitts had become involved in the Libertarian Party. See also

List of LGBT rights activists
Gay Liberation
WBAI
Freeform radio
Gay Liberation Front

References

Further reading

External links
“The New Symposium: The Homosexual.” Listing of episodes from "The New Symposium," 1968–9, from Pacifica Radio Archives
“Stonewall 50—Episode 1: Prelude to a Riot.” Episode of Making Gay History podcast, featuring excerpts from Pitts and “The New Symposium”
. Contains March 31, 1978 WBAI interview with Pitts
“Interview with a Hustler.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally airing September 30, 1968, hosted by <mask>s
“Violence in the Homosexual World.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired November 6, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Baird Searles and Kermit Lamb and guest Bob Milne from the Mattachine Society of New York
“The Young Lesbian.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 21, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-host Barbara Gittings and guests Donna and Kelly
“Homosexual Meeting Places.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 28, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Kermit Lamb, Dell Tyson, Leon Smith, and Louis Maleta and guest Craig Rodwell
“Gay Liberation Front at Alternate U,” from the NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project
“<mask> Pitts: Filmography” from the British Film Institute
“GLF meeting, WBAI forum on gay liberation.” Photographs by Diana Davies from the New York Public Library’s Digital Collections. Includes several images of Pitts, who served as radio engineer during this 1970 event. 1941 births
American talk radio hosts
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
LGBT rights activists from the United States
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
LGBT broadcasters from the United States
LGBT journalists from the United States
LGBT people from New York (state)
Gay Liberation Front members
2015 deaths
21st-century LGBT

masks:
Charles Pitt
Charles Pitts
Pitts
Pitts
Charles Pitt
Charles