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<mask> ( ; born 11 July 1970) is a Srilanka-born Canadian former international cricketer and coach who represented both Sri Lanka and Canada internationally & current head coach of Nepal national team. He previously coached Everest Premier League side Bhairahawa Gladiators. He was also the coach of the United States national team, having earlier served for periods as head coach of Canada and Nepal. <mask> was born in Kandy, Sri Lanka. A wicket-keeper, he made his debut in first-class cricket in 1990, at age of 19. <mask>'s international debut came in August 1993, against South Africa. He spent just over a year as Sri Lanka's first-choice wicket-keeper, with his last international matches coming on a 1994 tour of New Zealand.In total, Dassanayake represented Sri Lanka in eleven Tests and sixteen One Day International (ODI) matches. His domestic career, which was played mostly for the Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club, continued until the 2000–01 season. After emigrating to Canada, <mask> made his international debut for Canada at the 2005 ICC Trophy. He also represented the team in the 2005 and 2006 editions of the ICC Intercontinental Cup. After his retirement from playing, he was appointed head coach of the national team in August 2007, having earlier spent several months as acting head coach. Dassanayake oversaw Canada's successful qualification for the 2011 World Cup, resigning as coach after the tournament's completion. He was appointed coach of Nepal in October 2011, and served until October 2015, coaching the team at the 2014 World Twenty20.<mask> was appointed U.S. head coach in September 2016, but resigned in July 2019. Playing career

Sri Lanka
<mask> was born in Kandy, in Sri Lanka's Central Province. A wicket-keeper, he made his first-class debut in January 1990, aged 19, playing for the Colts Cricket Club during the 1989–90 season of the Lakspray Trophy. Dassanayake switched to the Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club for the 1990–91 season, but played only a single limited-overs game. He appeared in another four one-day games the following season, playing twice for Bloomfield in the Hatna Trophy and also twice for the Sinhalese Sports Club in the Premadasa Trophy. Beginning in mid-1992, Dassanayake began to be selected for representative teams, playing first-class tournaments for Central Province and a Sri Lankan under-23s team. He toured Bangladesh with Sri Lanka A in December 1992, and the following month toured South Africa with a Sri Lankan under-24s side.Leapfrogging Ashley de Silva and Romesh Kaluwitharana (the two wicket-keepers used in Sri Lanka's previous series) for selection, Dassanayake made his international debut in August 1993, playing three Tests and two ODIs in a home series against South Africa. Prior to the first Test, he had impressed selectors by recording six dismissals in an innings in a warm-up game for a Sri Lanka Board XI. After his debut series, Dassanayake's next international was a one-off Test against the West Indies in December 1993. The following month, he was selected for a tour of India, playing in three Tests and one ODI. At the 1994 Austral-Asia Cup in the United Arab Emirates, Dassanayake played ODIs against Australia and New Zealand for the first time. His next internationals came in a home series against Pakistan in August 1994. This was followed by the Singer World Series (a quadrangular ODI tournament hosted in Sri Lanka), and then by a tour of Zimbabwe.Dassanayake played his final international matches in December 1994, at the Mandela Trophy (a one-off ODI tournament hosted in South Africa). He was unable to maintain his batting at the standard required for international competition, averaging just 13.06 across eleven Tests and 10.62 across sixteen ODIs. In his first domestic season after being dropped from the national team, Dassanayake scored two first-class centuries, including a career-high 144 for Bloomfield against the Panadura Sports Club. Although he never returned to the senior Sri Lankan team, he did play several more series for Sri Lanka A, appearing against the United Arab Emirates and India A in December 1995, against Bangladesh and Pakistan A in February 1997, and against England A in February 1998. His domestic career with Bloomfield ended after the 2000–01 season. Canada

Dassanayake immigrated to Canada in 2001, settling in Ontario. After meeting the residency qualifications, he made his international debut for Canada at the 2005 ICC Trophy, held in Ireland.He appeared in all seven of his team's matches, recording eight dismissals (five catches and three stumpings) and scoring 76 runs, with a highest score of 36 not out against Scotland. Later in the year, Dassanayake represented Canada in ICC Intercontinental Cup matches against Bermuda and the Cayman Islands, serving as captain in the absence of John Davison. Against Bermuda, he played solely as a batsman, with Ashish Bagai taking the gloves. Dassanayake's final appearance for Canada came in August 2006, in an Intercontinental Cup game against Kenya. He was 36 at the time, and again played solely as a batsman. Coaching career

Canada
In August 2007 he was named as permanent coach of Canada, having been in temporary charge since June, replacing Andy Pick. Dassanayake coached Canada for almost 4 years leading them to the 2011 Cricket World Cup where the country won only its second ever World Cup Match.Following the world cup, <mask> elected not to renew his contract with Cricket Canada. Nepal

Cricket Association of Nepal (CAN) appointed him as the coach of Nepal national cricket team on August 23, 2011, for six months. Fellow Sri Lankan Roy Dias coached Nepal cricket team for 9 years before leaving in 2011. <mask> has been a prolific sculptor in shaping Nepalese cricket. On his coaching Nepal has clinched 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three. So far Dassannayake has been true to his words about Nepalese cricket. Three years back he had mentioned in a press conference at the Tribhuvan International Airport that he would make Nepal cricket team play ICC Cricket World Cup so far on his coaching, Nepal cricket team has made a place in the 2014 ICC World Twenty20 held at Bangladesh.In October 2015, Dassanayake stepped down as Nepal coach, citing personal reasons, ending his four year tenure in the role. His last game was against Papua New Guinea in November 2015. He was appointed as a consultant coach of Nepal for the match against Namibia in world cricket league and a match against MCC on the special request of ICC . In December 2021, <mask> was re-appointed as Nepal Cricket team head Coach. Cricket Association of Nepal re-selected <mask> as Nepal’s coach out of 15 shortlisted Coaches. United States
In July 2016, <mask> was one of four candidates shortlisted for the vacant position of head coach of the U.S. national team. As part of the selection process, he served as a guest coach at a training camp for the national squad, and also coached a combined ICC Americas invitational team at the West Indies Cricket Board's under-19 tournament.In September 2016, it was announced that <mask> had won the position, with his first major tournament in charge to be the 2016 World Cricket League Division Four event in Los Angeles. The United States won the tournament and Dassanayake said "I wouldn't have settled for runner-up in the final" and that he was "very happy how things went in the final". In July 2019, Dassanayake resigned from his role as coach of the US national team. In August 2020, Dassanayake confirmed that he would be coaching franchise cricket in New Jersey. References

External links
 Pubudu Dassanayake at ESPNcricinfo

1970 births
Bloomfield Cricket and Athletic Club cricketers
Canadian cricketers
Coaches of the Canada national cricket team
Coaches of the Nepal national cricket team
Colts Cricket Club cricketers
Cricketers from Kandy
Kandurata cricketers
Living people
Sinhalese Sports Club cricketers
Sri Lankan cricket coaches
Sri Lankan cricketers
Sri Lankan emigrants to Canada
Sri Lanka Test cricketers
Sri Lanka One Day International cricketers
Sri Lankan expatriates in Nepal
Coaches of the United States national cricket team
Sri Lankan expatriates in the United States
Wicket-keepers

masks:
Pubu Bathiya Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Dassanayake
Pubudu
Dassanayake
Dassanayake


type: original

texts:
<mask> (1860-1926) was a Spanish artist who rose to popularity at end of the Romantic movement in Europe, <mask> was a key contributor to the modernist movement <mask> was born in Barcelona in 1860 and died in 1926 in his hometown of Barcelona. Despite his brief life, <mask> made a lasting impact on the modernist movement in European art during the early 20th century. Deeply influenced by religion, many of <mask>'s works deal with religious scenes and beliefs and subsequently communicate often controversial religious messages. Early life
<mask> was born in Barcelona, Spain on June 23, 1860. He was born into an extremely religious and artistic family. <mask> was particularly close to his brother, <mask>, who was an accomplished modernist sculptor. <mask> had two children who were also large forces in the European art community: <mask>, a painter, and <mask>, an illustrator.<mask> died in 1926 in Barcelona. Education
Before <mask> became an accomplished and controversial artist, he studied architecture and engineering. Shortly after discovering his aptitude for painting, <mask> abandoned his architecture studies in favor of studying painting at the School of Llotja in Barcelona. <mask> also spent large amounts of time studying painting in different cities throughout Europe. His time was concentrated studying painting in Madrid and Venice. During his frequent trips to Madrid, <mask> concentrated his time studying the paintings at the Prado. Between the summer and fall of 1882, <mask> traveled to Venice with intentions to perfect his technique.During this time, he focused on his employment of color and brightness in his paintings, fearing that his paintings were often too mundane and dull. To do this, <mask> wanted to paint outdoors and gain experience with practice strokes for different colors and strengths. Additionally, <mask> visited countless museums throughout Venice to study paintings by Veronese, Tiepoli and Tintoretto. Trip to Rome
Soon after pursuing his studies in painting, <mask> accompanied his brother to Rome. There, Jose pursued a scholarship he had won to study Roman sculpture. Upon the brothers’ arrival to Rome, the two artists were promptly welcomed into the first workshop of Enric Sierra. The brothers rented a studio in the Villa Estrollfern, an ancient villa near the Villa Borhese.This apartment functioned as <mask>'s home and workshop throughout his time in Rome. During his time in Rome, <mask> spent his days working in this workshop and spent his nights at the Academy of Gigi. <mask> spent his time in Rome awakening his interests and perfecting his techniques in painting. Here, the two brothers developed deep professional and personal relationships with other artists, both from within Catalonia and outside. One of the most influential relationships <mask> made in Rome was with <mask> Martí Priozzini. Correspondence between the two men demonstrates <mask>'s determination to create a successful career as a painter. In Rome during their visit, there were two dominant artistic trends: historical representations and Neapolitan depictions.<mask> married these trends with his modernist influences in many of his works post his time in Rome. Return to Barcelona
When the two brothers returned to Barcelona, <mask> was 24 years old. Upon their return, there were two dominant groups of artists in Barcelona: the more aristocratic group, which met at the Barcelona Athenaeum, and the more creaftsmen-focused group, which formed the Center Watercolour ists in the Cathedral Square. A member of the latter group, <mask> spent his time painting with a broad array of Spanish society. In the Cathedral Square, artists, such as <mask>, came to paint models and play dominoes. During this early stage in his career, many of <mask>'s paintings are described as anecdotal with lifelike detail and dramatic environmental detail. In December 1884, <mask> participated in the Second Exhibition of Fine Arts with other prominent artists such as Baixeras, Cusachs and others.In 1886, he presented his painting, “At dawn” at an exhibition of the Paris Salon and in 1887 he presented his canvas painting, “migrants” for the exhibition of fine arts. Together with his painting, “The first tooth,” presented in 1889 at the Extraordinary Fine Arts, form the group of paintings that are most characteristic of the first stage of <mask>. Styles and development
After 1905, <mask>'s painting was clearly influenced by symbolism. Additionally after his 1890 conversion to Catholicism, his works maintained their strong religious roots. Later in his career, <mask> published countless articles about the aesthetic presence and controversy related to the rigid interpretation of sexual morality and blasphemy. He also became a member of the “Lliga bon mot,” which loosely translates to the League of Good Word. The group functioned as a society aimed at defending the conservative and rigid concept of morality.Additionally, <mask> and his brother co-founded, with the help of other prominent artists, the “Cercel Artistic de Sant Lluc,” which was a center for the dissemination of the traditional Catholic morality in art. The society is still active today. Religion
Although <mask> did not fully commit to religion until 1890, Catholicism deeply influenced both <mask>'s personal life and work throughout his life. In 1890, <mask> completely committed to his conversion to Catholicism. At this point <mask> was thirty years old, unmarried and suffering from a personal crisis. Consequently, <mask>'s conversion to Catholicism is often seen as an attempt to salvage his personal life. Many link this conversion to <mask>'s trip to Rome where <mask> became ill and was treated by Dr. Josep Blanch Benedict.Benedict was a very religious man and spoke to <mask> about being spiritually enlightened after following the path of the Church. His conversion to extreme Catholicism led him to believe in the pragmatic application of faith centered around the constant practice of good and protecting women, who he believed where the weakest creature and subsequently a victim of society. Soon, Catholicism permeated his art. Some of his works raised violent criticism, such as “The Sudden death,” which the author then decided to destroy and use it later as a canvas to pain on the 1896. During this stage in his art, the former anecdotism is mixed with <mask>'s desire to express states of mind and excite charity. Artistic Circle of St. Luke
In 1893, the <mask> brothers, along with other notable artists such as Antonio Gaudí, Dionysus Baixeras and Joaquim Bancells, founded the Artistic Circle of St Luke. The organization sought to bring together Christian artists and pursued the creation of an artistic union.The values of the organization revolved around strict Catholicism and explored the intersection of religion and morality.

masks:
Joan Llimona i Bruguera
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Josep Llimona
Llimona
Nuria Llimona Raymer
Mercedes Llimona Raymer
Joan Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Joan Carles
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Joan Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Joan Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Llimona
Joan
Llimona
Llimona


texts:
<mask> (December 12, 1832, Hastings, New York – February 25, 1905) was an American chemist. He graduated in medicine at the University of Michigan in 1864, and was made assistant professor of organic and applied chemistry, dean of the school of pharmacy, and director of the chemical laboratory over the years. Professor <mask> served as president of the American Chemical Society in 1886, president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1891, and president of the American Pharmacists Association in 1900. During his tenure as Dean at the University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, <mask> encouraged the foundation of what is now the Phi Delta Chi professional pharmacy fraternity. He is buried with his wife and children at Forest Hill Cemetery, adjacent to the University of Michigan Central Campus. Early life
Professor <mask> was born on December 12, 1832 in Hasting, New York. He was the youngest of four children in <mask> and <mask>’s household.His ancestor <mask> migrated from England to Boston in 1640. William Hickling <mask>, the prominent historian, and Colonel <mask>, the commander in the battle of Bunker Hill, were also of the same lineage as <mask>. With so many influential figures in his family, <mask> undoubtedly showed a desire to succeed at an early age. Unfortunately, at the age of nine, he suffered a critical injury to his right knee from a major fall that crippled him for life. His mother’s opposition to amputate the leg prevented further complication but the injury made his stay indoor for about five years. That was the “seed-time of his future.” During those years, he developed an interest in literature and writing. He read a vast collection of books from the district circulating library at his home and wrote short reviews and storied on them.Under the guidance of his sister and private tutors, he gained knowledge of Latin, French, German and various branches of science. His father, <mask>, died in 1848 leaving his oldest son in charge of the household. Sixteen-year-old <mask> decided to join his older brother to work on the farm for next three years while continuing his education. At that time, he joined the anti-slavery protest by becoming a correspondent of a paper called The Liberator. He further worked as a correspondent for the New York Tribune in 1853. Education
While working as a correspondent, he continued his education under private instruction. He enjoyed history, literature, and writing but found his true passion for science and analytical works.He decided to pursue a career in medicine and began to prepare himself to get into a medical school. He taught in the neighborhood school while preparing for admission. In 1857, he started to work for a well-known physician named Dr. Greenleaf from Brewerton, N. Y. Dr. Greenleaf was his mentor for three years until he entered the department of Medicine and Surgery at the University of Michigan in 1860, graduating with a degree in Doctor of Medicine in 1864. Early career
Following graduation in 1864, Dr. <mask> joined the Union Army and was appointed as an Assistant Surgeon in Totten Hospital of Louisville, Kentucky after passing the medical service examination in the United States Army. Later in the war, he became a member of the Medical Board of Examiners and Chief Surgeon of Foundry Hospital in Louisville. A few months later, he was appointed to be the Chief Surgeon of the Jefferson General Hospital in nearby Port Fulton. In 1865, he was dismissed from the army with a rank of Brevet Captain.After leaving the army, Dr. <mask> took the offer to be an Assistant Professor of Chemistry and Lecturer of Organic Chemistry and Metallurgy at the University of Michigan. In 1868, he was in charge of the newly formed School of Pharmacy. Just two years after that, he was promoted to be a professor of Organic and Applied Chemistry and Pharmacy. In 1879, he became the dean of the School of Pharmacy and in 1884, the director of the Chemical Laboratory. Contribution to the pharmaceutical education
Revolutionary changes in the curriculum of pharmaceutical education were one of Dr. <mask>’s biggest accomplishments. Throughout the nineteenth century, a prerequisite for the higher level pharmaceutical study was based mostly on apprenticeship programs where pharmacists learned on a practical basis. According to professor Edward Parrish, member of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, the goal of the apprenticeship programs were to give students a pre-professional experience and prepare them for admission to courses offered by colleges.However, there were no legal requirements for preparatory training in high school prior to the enrollment in an apprenticeship program. So College of Pharmacy continued to enroll students that were experts on memorizing drug names and doing hands-on work but lacked in fundamental knowledge of basic science. Once Dr. <mask> gained responsibility of the School of Pharmacy in University of Michigan, he took quite an innovative step by launching a program that not only offered extensive laboratory experience in basic science but also eliminated the requirement for apprenticeship for the first time in history. Many including, the editor of American Journal of Pharmacy, William Procter were skeptical about the merit of the diploma offered at the University due to such non-traditional course requirements. Dr. <mask> was even denied to be a delegate to the American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA) meeting in 1871. According to the clause of byLaws of APhA, “All colleges of Pharmacy or local Pharmaceutical Organizations shall be entitled to five representatives” but the University of Michigan did not fall under the definition of School of Pharmacy or Pharmaceutical Organization due to its different curriculum. Following the report of APhA, Dr.  <mask> presented his response saying that apprenticeship was not the best way to teach students since it ignored the nature of materials the students deal with.He further supported his argument by saying that “the pharmacist that trained the apprentice was also a recipient of a non-scientifically oriented apprenticeship” so there was no net advancement in actual pharmaceutical knowledge. Besides advocating for laboratory-based pharmaceutical education, he promoted preparatory courses prior to college enrollment. He made “three years' schooling in Latin and German, algebra through quadratic equations, botany, and elementary physics, besides arithmetic through involution and evolution, and the correct writing of English” a requirement for the University of Michigan prior to enrollment to ensure proper understanding for the higher level courses. Dr. <mask>’s innovative steps might not have been welcomed at first but eventually, educators and leaders in charge of pharmaceutical education realized the importance of his acts and adapted to the new changes. Legacy and memorials
<mask> House within the East Quadrangle dormitory on the University of Michigan's Central Campus was named in his honor. Additionally, an early student organization associated with the College of Pharmacy was called Prescott Club. Books
 Qualitative Chemical Analysis (1874; fifth edition, 1901)
 Chemistry of Alcoholic Liquors (1875)
 Outlines of Proximate Organic Analysis (1875; second edition, 1877)
 First Book in Qualitative Chemistry (1879; eleventh edition, 1902)
 Organic Analysis (1887; second edition, 1889)

References

American chemists
American non-fiction writers
University of Michigan Medical School alumni
1832 births
1905 deaths
University of Michigan faculty
People from Hastings, New York
Scientists from New York (state)

masks:
Albert Benjamin Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Benjamin Prescott
Experience Huntley Prescott
John Prescott
Prescott
William Prescott
Albert Prescott
Prescott
Benjamin Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott
Prescott


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Dmytro Monatyk (; born 1 April 1986 in Lutsk), professionally known as MONATIK, is a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, dancer, composer. He opened the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 on 9 May. Biography

Early years
From 2000 to 2006, he was a member of the Lutsk Breakdance Group 'DBS Crew', which became the best 'B-boy' group in west Ukraine. In 2003, he went to the Law Faculty of the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (Міжрегіональна академія управління персоналом), where in his free time he danced and learned music. Finishing university he received the specialization of a lawyer. Popularity
In 2008, he became a finalist during the audition for the show Фабрика зірок - 2 (Star Academy), but he did not become a part of this project. This year singer Natalia Mohylevska asked Dmytro to work on her ballet, during her concert program 'Real O'.This became a true turning point for him, because he agreed and moved to Kyiv. In 2008, he got together his first music group 'Monatique', which survived through 2 live concerts in Lutsk. They played in the funk and soul genre. In 2009 he passed the audition to join 'D'arts', where during the 2 years he went through a lot of events: in 2010 the ballet 'Girl with the Matches' was set by the director of the ballet, and is part of the cast for the ballet 'The Republic of Qazan Tip'. Beginning of his solo career
In the summer of 2011, his first solo song ТайУлетаю came out, whose music video was filmed on a mobile device. During this year many popular stars invited Dmytro to join them in their music videos: Потап і Настя Каменських «Выкрутасы»; гурт «Інфініті» «Ну и пусть»; INKA «Pump it». He was also the choreographer for Йолки's music video «На большом воздушном шаре».Career growth
August 2012 - His first steps in the role of a composer; he presented Svetlana Loboda's song 40 degrees («40 градусов») during Crimea Music Fest. Summer 2012 - He tried himself again in the role of a composer in a few episodes of the project «Альо, Директор!» (English: Hello, director!) with Svetlana Loboda on the channel TET . In November 2012, Monatik performed on X-Factor (Ukrainian TV series), not as a contender, but as a guest performer. After he released 3 tracks in 2012 -  («Воздух», «ТерроризирУ. Е.т», «Важно») (English: Air, Terrorising, Difficult) - in March 2013 he initiated an audition for his ballet and chose 4 best dancers. Together they toured with his concert around Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.In April 2013, quoting press, 'Monatik gave a start to the solo career of Eva Bychmina' by writing her a song - «Собой». The spring and summer of this year was quite successful for him and he presented another 3 tracks to his followers - «Прости…», «Саундтрек сегодняшнЕГО дня» та «ДыМ» (English: Forgive, Soundtrack of Today, Home). In May of the same year, he announced the premiere of his music clip for the song «Прости…» (English: Forgive). June 2013 bought around the premiere of his song «Клавіши» (English: Keys (In this context of an instrument)), which he wrote with his fellow countryman, a Lutsk rapper called KOVALERO. On 8 November 2013, he presented to the public his new single «Улыбаясь» (English: Smile) with the slogan «Живи, люби, борися — "УЛЫБАЯСЬ"»(English: Live, Love, Fight - Smile). On 12 December 2014, during his large solo concert in Kyiv, he presented his debut solo album «Саундтрек сегодняшнЕГО дня (С. С. Д.)» (English: Soundtrack of Today). 5 June 2014 - On the internet and on major mainstream music channels he airs his new clip «В лучшем свете» (English: In a Better World), whose director was dancer Анатолій Сачівко. Later, his video receive positive feedback from Алан Бадоєв (English: Alan Badoiiv), one of the best Ukrainian clip-makers. 24 August 2014 - Dmytro released the Ukrainian song «Може, вже досить» (English: Maybe that's enough), which main message was the termination of the war on Donbas between Ukraine and Russia. In November he visited Kyiv, Odessa, Lviv, Dnipro (Dnipropetrovsk), Kharkiv with his tour «Сейчас» (English: Now). This happened when he released his single of the same name. At the beginning of 2015, he participated in two successful duets with his own songs -  with Anna Sedokova (song «Тише» (English: Quieter)) and «Quest Pistols Show» (song «Мокрая» (English: Wet)).Both songs had music videos which accompanied them. 25 May 2016, marked his second album «Звучит» (English: Sounds), which as made up of 16 tracks. In February 2017, there was news that <mask> was meant to perform in Moscow, however this event was later cancelled because of political reasons. 9 May 2017 - Dmytro performed during the opening of the first semi-final of the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 in Kyiv, where he sung his song «Кружит» (English: Spinning) in English. In Spring 2017, he became a Judge on the Ukrainian Dancing With The Stars, season 2 program. In 2017, he took part as a coach in the Ukrainian The Voice Kids, season 4, which occurred during the second half of 2017. The winner of that seasons Voice Kids was Danelia Tyleshova, who was in <mask>'s team.His show «Vitamin D», the presentation of which occurred during October 2017 in Palace of Sports, Kyiv, was acknowledged as the «Best Concert Show» according to the musical award YUNA, and the TV award «TeleTriumph». The broadcasting of the show happened on 1+1 during New Year's Eve. In January 2018, he made an appearance for an advertisement with the Russian operator MegaFon. In April 2018, Monatik released a single track «Цей день» (English: This Day) with Nina Matviyenko, and in July he released a single with Nadya Dorofeeva called «Глубоко» (English: Deep). Albums

Саундтрек сегодняшнЕГО дня (С. С. Д.) (2013) (English: Soundtrack of Today)
 «Intro» (English: Intro)
 «ДыМ» (English: Home)
 «ТайУлетаю» (English: I Flew Away)
 «Важно» (English: Difficult)
 «Саундтрек сегодняшнЕГО дня (С. С.Д. )» (English: Soundtrack of Today)
 «Воздух» (English: Air)
 «Прости…» (English: Forgive)
 «Улыбаясь» (English: Smile)
 «В лучшем свете» (English: In a Better World)
 «Жадная» (English: Greedy)
 «ТерроризирУ. Е.т» (English: Terrorises)
 «Прости…» (GreenLeto & Sam Radeo Remix) [Extended Version] (English: Forgive)
 «Важно» (live acoustic version) (feat. Open Kids) (English: Difficult)

Звучит (2016) (English: Sounds)
 Мудрые деревья (English: Smart Trees)
 Кружит (English: Spinning)
 Тише (з Анною Сєдоковою) (English: Quieter)
 Музыкально-танцевальная терапия (English: Musical-Dancing Therapy)
 Пока ты на танцполе (English: Whilst you're on the dancefloor)
 Мокрая (з Quest Pistols Show) (English: Wet)
 Путь (English: Path)
 УВЛИУВТ (Упали в любовь и ударились в танцы) (English: We fell in love and hit up dancing)
 Каждый из нас (English: Everyone of us)
 Ещё один (English: Another one)
 Засияем (English: Light up)
 Сейчас (English: Now)
 Вот наше время! (English: Here's our time!) Выходной (English: Holiday)
 Ты... (English: You)
 Вечность (English: Eternity)

Singles
 «ТайУлетаю» (2011) (English: I Flew Away)
 «Воздух» (2012) (English: Air)
 «ТерроризирУ. (English: The Return of Myhtar and the Diaries of the Dark).He took part in the show Танцюють всі-3 (English: Everyone Dances-3). He was a finalist in the show X-Factor Ukraine. 2012 - Becomes a finalist in the show «Зірковий ринг» (English: Star ring). 2016 - Coach in The Voice Kids Ukraine on the Ukrainian Channel 1+1. 2016 - He took part in the Ukrainian voice-over for the movie Sing, where he voice Eddie the Sheep
 2 Feb 2017 - Advert for Samsung with Monatik featured. Aug 2017 - Became a judge in the second season of the Ukrainian Dancing with the Stars. 2018 - Played a role in the comedy «Скажене весілля» (English: Crazy Wedding).Nominations and awards

References

Links
Eurovision Song Contest 2017 performance
Monatik Fan Site

Living people
English-language singers from Ukraine
1986 births
People from Lutsk
Interregional Academy of Personnel Management alumni
Ukrainian pop singers
Ukrainian singer-songwriters
21st-century Ukrainian singers
21st-century Ukrainian male singers
Russian National Music Award winners

masks: Monatik Monatik


texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1819 – July 8, 1887) was an American transportation businessman responsible for creating the Overland Stage to California during the height of the 1849 California Gold Rush. <mask> created a stagecoach empire and he is known in history as the "Stagecoach King". A native of Kentucky, he also was hired as a private courier to General Alexander Doniphan of Missouri. Doniphan refused point-blank to carry out orders to kill the Mormons during the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. His transportation empire later included steamships and railroads in Oregon. Early life

<mask> was born October 14, 1819, in Nicholas County, Kentucky. His father, <mask> (born in what is now Spotsylvania County, Virginia) was a third-generation American, descended from John "The Ranger" <mask>.William migrated to Bourbon County, Kentucky, where he was a guide for wagon trains through the Cumberland Gap. <mask>'s mother was Margaret "Peggy" Hughes. <mask> learned the freight business at an early age and left home in his late teens for a road trip to Santa Fe in what was then Mexico. He then settled in Weston, Missouri, where he worked as a store clerk before serving as courier during the 1838 Mormon War for the state militia. After working at the store for a few years he opened a tavern and hotel in 1840, as well as starting what would become the McCormick Distilling Company, which claims to be the oldest distillery still operating in the same location. Business boomed with his supplies for General Stephen Watts Kearney during the Mexican–American War. <mask> moved to California in 1852 where he was to operate  of stage lines.<mask> acquired the Pony Express in 1862 after it failed to garner a postal contract for its owners, Russell, Majors and Waddell. In 1861 he won a postal contract for mail service to Salt Lake City, Utah, and established the Overland Stage Route along the Overland Trail to avoid confrontations with American Indians on the northern Oregon Trail and Pony Express routes. He added significant infrastructure along the trail, including Rattlesnake Station. Traveling to New York from San Francisco in July, 1862 <mask> was almost killed when the SS Golden Gate sank off Manzanillo. Between the Overland Trail and six other routes, <mask> received government subsidies totaling nearly $6 million over a four-year period. <mask> sold his stage routes to Wells Fargo Express in 1866 for $1.5 million. In August 1868, <mask> moved to Oregon, where he had organized the construction of a railroad along the Willamette River, purchasing the illegally incorporated Oregon Central Railroad of Salem, turning it into the Oregon and California Railroad Company.In April 1868, construction started on lines along both the sides of the river. <mask>'s "Eastsiders" completed  of track before the competition, using "every trick known to man" in the construction, including bribing the Oregon Legislature in October 1868. The competition subsequently sold out to him in 1870. <mask> financed the operation via German bankers, who bought $6.4 million of bonds (out of a total $10.95 million). He won a federal subsidy and built the Oregon and California Railroad as far south as Roseburg, as well as controlling the Willamette River commerce through the Portland Dock and Warehouse Company, the Oregon Transfer Company, and the Oregon Steamship Company. The Panic of 1873 financial crisis stopped the effort. <mask> lost most of his fortune in the stock market collapse on September 18, 1873.In 1874, Henry Villard was sent by Holladay's German investors when he was behind on bond interest payments. In 1876, Villard took over the railroad. Personal life
Villard described <mask> as "illiterate, coarse, boastful, false, and cunning." <mask>'s attorney, John Doniphan, described him as possessing "many of the characteristics of Napoleon." He was known for having "the bearing of one born to command", and for "being clever, shrewd, cunning, illiterate, coarse, and completely unscrupulous". Joseph Gaston described him as being "wholly destitute of fixed principles of honesty, morality, or common decency." After buying a large home from Doctor Rodney Glisan, "he remodelled it and immediately installed a harem of high class prostitutes."<mask> and his first wife, Notley Ann Calvert (1824–1873), who he married in 1839, had two daughters who married members of European nobility. Their daughters were:

 Jenny Lind <mask> (1851–1873), who married Arthur de Pourtalès, Count de Pourtales. Jenny died young and their only child, a daughter, was raised by her father. Pauline Cassandra <mask> (1853–1877), who married Baron de Bussière. After the death of his first wife, he remarried to Lydia Esther Campbell (1849–1889), a daughter of Hamilton Campbell and Harriet (née Biddle) Campbell. They were the parents of:

 <mask> (1879–1944), who married <mask> Dorcy (1869–1926), the commanding officer of the 7th Cavalry Regiment, 1st Cavalry Division who was a son of John Chipman Dorcy, in 1899. <mask> died in Portland, Oregon, on July 8, 1887, and is buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in that city.Legacy
An ordinance came into effect on June 1, 1866 renaming McGaa Street in Denver, Colorado to Holladay to honor the tycoon. At the heart of Holladay Street was Denver's red light district. Concerned relatives petitioned the city to strip Holladay's name from the street, which had become widely known as 'the most sinful street in the West.' The city passed an ordinance on June 1, 1889 renaming Holladay Street to Market Street, a tongue in cheek reference to the activities that took place there. This brought much concern to the residents on Market in the more respectable areas to the north. In September 1899, the city changed the name of Market Street north of 23rd to Walnut. In 1870 George Washington Weidler, Trustee for <mask>, platted out 'Holladay's Addition,' on 242 acres meeting the east bank of the Willamette River that Holladay had acquired from Portland pioneers Jacob Wheeler and his wife.<mask> intended, in developing the property, to supplant downtown Portland as a business center. He planked Holladay Street, bridged Sullivan's Gulch, and by 1872 erected Clarendon Hotel, on the northwest corner of First Avenue and Flanders Street, "opposite the Oregon-California Railroad ferry landing, and at the northern terminus of the First Street horse car line." The plat included a park, "to be enclosed with a substantial fence." He "continued to maintain and keep the same in repair" until about 1884, when the City of East Portland, Oregon took possession. The 4.5-acre lot is today known as Holladay Park. References

Sources

 <mask>: The Stagecoach King, JV Frederick, Arthur C. Clark (1940)
 The Holladay Family, Alvis <mask> (1994)
 Dictionary of Oregon History (February 2005)
 The Expressmen, Time-Life Books (1974)

External links

<mask> biography from linecamp.com
Oregon History Project
Profile, archive.org

1819 births
1887 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
History of transportation in Oregon
Businesspeople from Portland, Oregon
Pony Express
Burials at Mount Calvary Cemetery (Portland, Oregon)
People from Purchase, New York
Willamette Transportation Company
People from Spotsylvania County, Virginia
People from Weston, Missouri

masks:
Benjamin Holladay
Ben Holladay
Holladay
William Holladay
Holladay
Benjamin
Benjamin Holladay
Transportation Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Holladay
Linda Holladay
Ben Holladay
Holladay
Benjamin Hoday
Holladay
Ben Holladay
Milton Holladay
Ben Holladay


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<mask> (; born 11 April 1994), known professionally as <mask>, is a Dutch singer-songwriter. He represented the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 with his song "Arcade" and went on to win the competition, giving the Netherlands its first Eurovision win since 1975. "Arcade" became one of the most successful Eurovision Song Contest winning entries on streaming platforms and international charts in recent history. Prior to Eurovision, <mask> was a semi-finalist in the fifth season of The Voice of Holland. Career

Early life and career

Born in Spijkenisse, <mask> grew up in Hellevoetsluis. He began writing his own songs as a teenager, as an escape from being bullied. He started his musical career at the Rock Academy in Tilburg, playing in a number of school bands, including his own, The Slick and Suited.Formed in 2013, the band went on to perform at Eurosonic Noorderslag. In February 2020, he revealed that he had oxygen deprivation at birth, and thus has had a motor disorder affect his right hand. 2014–2018: The Voice of Holland and independent work
<mask> participated in the fifth season of The Voice of Holland, choosing Ilse DeLange as his coach. He advanced to the Cross Battles/Semi Finals before being eliminated. In March 2016, he left The Slick. <mask> graduated from the Rock Academy in 2017. He, with Jihad Rahmouni, wrote the music to K-pop duo TVXQ's song "Closer" for their 2018 album New Chapter #1: The Chance of Love.2019–2021: Eurovision Song Contest, Worlds on Fire EP and Small Town Boy

In January 2019, <mask> was internally selected to represent the Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019, held in Tel Aviv, Israel. He was nominated by DeLange, with whom he remained in contact after The Voice. His song, "Arcade", was released in March 2019. Arriving as the main favourite to win, <mask> eventually went on to win the contest, having received a total of 498 points. He is the fifth Dutch entrant to win the competition, and the first since Teach-In won the Eurovision Song Contest 1975 with the song "Ding-a-dong". As a result of the following year's contest being cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> is the longest reigning Eurovision winner, having held the title for two consecutive years. After his Eurovision victory, <mask> embarked on a concert tour across the Netherlands and Europe.On 10 June 2019, he performed at the 50th anniversary of Pinkpop Festival in Landgraaf, the first Dutch Eurovision winner to perform at the event. He replaced the Swedish duo First Aid Kit who dropped out due to health reasons. On 23 October 2019, <mask> released his second single, "Love Don't Hate It". It was also announced that he signed a record deal with Capitol Records. In 2020, the artists' entrance at Rotterdam Ahoy was re-named "Door Duncan" in his honour. On 13 May 2020, <mask> released his first extended play (EP), Worlds on Fire, which included the singles "Arcade", "Love Don't Hate It", and "Someone Else", along with two new tracks. His first studio album, Small Town Boy, followed on 13 November 2020.It was certified platinum in the Netherlands three days after its release. The album's release was preceded by "Feel Something", a collaboration with fellow Dutch DJ Armin van Buuren. In the second half of 2020, "Arcade" went viral on social media platform TikTok, resulting in the song's new chart success and rise in streams on various platforms. In January 2021, "Arcade" became the most-streamed Eurovision song on Spotify, surpassing a record previously held by Eurovision 2019 runner-up Mahmood and his entry "Soldi". On 12 February 2021, "Arcade" reached the UK Singles Chart's top 40, and two weeks later it peaked at number 29. In March, <mask> made his US television debut performing "Arcade" on Today, and later also performed the song's duet version alongside Fletcher on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Following these promotional appearances, the song broke into the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, becoming the first Eurovision song in 25 years and the first Eurovision winning song in 45 years to do so; it eventually peaked at number 30.At the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 held in Rotterdam, <mask> opened the first semi-final with "Feel Something". In the same event, he was awarded a Global Platinum record for one billion streams of "Arcade". However, he later tested positive for COVID-19, which prevented him from performing live in the grand final. Pre-recorded footage of his performance, consisting of "Arcade" and a new single from Small Town Boy's deluxe edition, "Stars", was broadcast instead during the final. 2021–present: Post-Eurovision releases
On 11 June 2021, the soundtrack album for the second season of the Hulu series Love, Victor was released. Among the artists featured on the soundtrack was <mask> with "Heaven Is a Hand to Hold", which he co-wrote with Leland, Jordan Garfield and Peter Thomas. <mask> also features on American singer Wrabel's single "Back to Back", which was released on 30 July off of the latter's debut album These Words Are All for You."Wishes Come True", a standalone Christmas single, followed on 26 November. Musical influences
In a brief interview, <mask> cited Coldplay, Snow Patrol, Ryan Tedder, Sia, Sam Smith and Adele as influences. Personal life
<mask> came out as bisexual in 2016, which he addressed publicly in an Instagram post in October 2018. During a press conference shortly before the Eurovision final, he affirmed his sexuality: "I am more than just an artist, I am a person, I am a living being, I'm bisexual, I'm a musician, I stand for things. And I'm proud that I get the chance to show what I am, who I am." On 5 October 2020, he announced that he was engaged to his boyfriend, American songwriter Jordan Garfield. Discography

Studio albums

Extended plays

Singles

As lead artist

As featured artist

Non-single album appearances

Soundtrack appearances

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

<mask> at Eurovision

1994 births
Living people
People from Spijkenisse
Dutch male singer-songwriters
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for the Netherlands
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2019
Eurovision Song Contest winners
21st-century Dutch singers
The Voice (franchise) contestants
LGBT singers from the Netherlands
Musicians from South Holland
Bisexual musicians
Bisexual men
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT people

masks:
Duncan de Moor
Duncan Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Laurence
Duncan Laurence


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<mask> (; born February 7, 1954) is the former Foreign Minister of Armenia (1998–2008) and founder of the Civilitas Foundation. Early life and career
Born into a wealthy Armenian jewelers' family in Syria, <mask> was educated in the Armenian schools of Aleppo. After graduating from The AGBU Armenian Central High School in 1973 he left Aleppo for Yerevan, where he attended the Yerevan Polytechnic Institute and received a BSc degree in Structural Engineering. He continued his education with a graduate degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in the United States; his fields of concentration were International Monetary Theory and Policy, and Diplomatic History and Foreign Policies. Oskanian also received degrees from Tufts University and the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. In addition to Armenian, Oskanian speaks English, Arabic, French, Russian and Turkish. In 1990, while finishing his graduate studies, he and a group of friends founded the Armenian International Magazine (AIM) in California.<mask> was an international trustee of Armenia Fund, an organization that channels aid from the Armenian Diaspora to rebuild Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. He was also president of the Pan-Armenian Games. Move to Armenia
<mask> moved to Armenia in 1992, shortly after Armenia's independence, and began work at the foreign ministry, first in the Middle East Department, then as head of the North America Department. In 1994, he became Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs and in 1996, First Deputy. During those years, <mask> was a Visiting Assistant Professor at the American University of Armenia, where he taught International Economic Relations, American Foreign Policy, Introduction to International Relations and International Economic Relations. In 1998, he was appointed Minister of Foreign Affairs by President Robert Kocharyan. Term as Foreign Minister
During his time as minister of foreign affairs, Oskanian pursued six main policies.The policy of "complementarity" emphasized inclusion and collaboration between Armenia and its neighbors. It made possible a strategic partnership with Russia, continued membership in the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and brought Armenia's relationship with NATO to a level short of membership. The policy of multilateralism sought consistent engagement in global issues. Next, through promoting Armenia's integration with Europe, Oskanian worked to accelerate integration with the Council of Europe, the European Union and NATO (Armenia received free membership status in the Council of Europe in 2001). In regards Armenia-Diaspora relations, Oskanian established fruitful relationships with Armenian lobbying organizations in the US and Europe, with other Armenian organizations and with individuals, including Tracinda Corporation owner Kirk Kerkorian. For Armenia-Turkey relations, Oskanian's policy insisted on the logic of Armenia's normal relations with Turkey and included early attempts toward protocols between the two states. The sixth major policy was a strategy for the resolution of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict.On this issue, <mask>'s approach broke significantly from previous policy. He pursued a comprehensive agreement that did not force Nagorno-Karabakh to remain within Azerbaijan. Born of this effort was the classification “de facto independent, de jure not part of Azerbaijan.” The efforts of this policy brought about the "Common State Agreement" and the "Key West agreement" (both eventually rejected by Azerbaijan), the "Prague process" in 2004, which involved the OSCE and representatives from France, Russia and the US, and most recently “the Madrid document.”

Political activities
In 2012, <mask> was elected to the National Assembly of Armenia as a candidate for the Prosperous Armenia Party. In October 2012, the National Assembly, then controlled by the Republican Party of Armenia, voted to remove Oskanian's immunity from prosecution. Oskanian was charged with embezzlement and money laundering in connection with a $2 million donation by Jon Huntsman Sr. to Oskanian's Civilitas Foundation. Oskanian considered the criminal case politically motivated and a reaction to his and the Prosperous Armenia Party's criticism of Serzh Sargsyan's administration. Oskanian admitted to inadvertently using some of the donation for personal purposes, and the criminal case was dropped and settled out of court.In March 2015, Oskanian left the Prosperous Armenia Party. In April 2016, Oskanian founded the Unity Party. The Unity party joined the ORO Alliance, which participated in the 2017 Armenian parliamentary election but did not pass the threshold to enter parliament. Other activities
In 2008, Oskanian founded the Civilitas Foundation, named after the Latin term for "the citizen's responsibility to society." The Civilitas Foundation has two main programs, "The Democracy and Development Initiative," which works in education, media, rural development and environmental awareness, and "The Council on Foreign Relations," which advocates for peace and stability in the Caucasus through dialogue and open intercourse. The Civilitas Foundation also operates an online media outlet, CivilNet, which produces content in Armenian and English. Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married to Dr. Nani <mask>.They have two sons. Publications
In 2009, <mask> published the book Speaking To Be Heard: A Decade of Speeches, also published in Armenian as Anavart Tasnamyak ("Unfinished Decade"). The book collects around one hundred speeches delivered by <mask> during his time as foreign minister. In 2013, he published his memoirs in Armenian, titled Ankakhutyan Chanaparhov ("On the Path of Independence"). Articles and Speeches
http://articles.latimes.com/2007/feb/07/opinion/oe-oskanian7
http://www.armeniaforeignministry.com/minister/070406_vo.html
http://www.neurope.eu/articles/Armenia-comes-closer-to-Europe/67262.php
https://www.un.org/webcast/ga/61/pdfs/armenia-e.pdf

External links
Website of the Civilitas Foundation
http://armenianreporter.am/index.cfm?objectid=B86F167B-3FF3-352C-23089BF2078690C1

References

The Fletcher School at Tufts University alumni
Harvard University alumni
Living people
1954 births
People from Aleppo
Syrian people of Armenian descent
Government ministers of Armenia
Syrian emigrants to the Soviet Union
Foreign ministers of Armenia

masks:
Vartan Minasi Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Vartan
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian
Oskanian


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<mask> (; ; born 6 December 1968) is a Kyrgyz politician who has served as the president of Kyrgyzstan since 28 January 2021. He had previously served as the acting prime minister of Kyrgyzstan in the 2020 interim government following the resignation of Sooronbay Jeenbekov on 15 October 2020 amidst electoral protests. <mask> also became acting president of Kyrgyzstan after Jeenbekov's resignation but resigned himself on 14 November 2020. On 10 January 2021, <mask> was elected as President of Kyrgyzstan. <mask> has been described as a nationalist and a populist. Among Western media, he has been compared to politicians like Ilham Aliyev and Donald Trump. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Keng-Suu, a village in the Tüp District in what was then the Kirghiz SSR within the Soviet Union, in the family of Nurgozho and <mask>.After finishing his middle school education in 1986, he joined the Kyrgyz National Academy of Physical Culture and Sport. In 1987, <mask> was drafted into the Soviet Army, where he served for two years in Novosibirsk as a commander in a telecommunications division. After returning in 1989 with the rank of Junior Sergeant, <mask> continued his education in the academy until 1991. In 2006, <mask> graduated from the Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University in Bishkek with a degree in law. Early political career
<mask> began his political career after the 2005 Tulip Revolution. In March 2005, he was elected as member of the Supreme Council from the Tüp electoral district where he headed the Kelechek parliamentary faction. He was a supporter of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.In 2006, <mask> was a member of the State Awards Commission. In 2007, he was Deputy Chairman of the Amnesty Commission. In the 2007 parliamentary elections, he participated in the lists of the pro-presidential party Ak Jol, which won the majority of seats in parliament but went on to work as an adviser to the president. From 2008 to 2010, <mask> worked as an authorized representative of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. In 2010, President Bakiyev was overthrown in the Kyrgyz Revolution of 2010. As a result of interethnic clashes that took place soon in Osh and Jalal-Abad, <mask> and his associates took an active part, which according to their own statements, they tried to prevent clashes. However they were accused by opponents in supporting the Kyrgyz nationalists.In the October 2010 elections, he was re-elected as a member of Supreme Council on the party list of Ata-Zhurt which led by Kamchybek Tashiev, which won the majority of seats. From there, he became the chairman of the Committee on Judicial and Legal issues. Exile and imprisonment
During one of the rallies for the nationalization of the Kumtor Gold Mine in the fall of 2012, the protesters attempted to take over the White House in Bishkek. Tashiev and <mask> were both charged under Article 295 of the Criminal Code of the Kyrgyz Republic "Forcible seizure of power or forcible retention of power." In March 2013, the Pervomaisky District Court of Bishkek found them guilty and sentenced them to one year and six months in prison. But in June 2013, the Bishkek City Court acquitted the politicians and released them in the courtroom. On 27 June 2013, during the protests against Kumtor in Karakol, the protesters tried to kidnap the akim of the region Emilbek Kaptagaev and take him hostage.The Kyrgyz authorities accused <mask> and Kubanychbek Kadyrov of organizing the plan. The protest leaders were detained, but <mask>, who denied his involvement, fled Kyrgyzstan where he lived for some time in Cyprus. In 2017, <mask> attempted to return to Kyrgyzstan. On 25 March 2017, he was detained at the Kyrgyz-Kazakh border. In the case of allegedly attempting to kidnap Emilbek Kaptagaev, he was sentenced to 11 years and 6 months in prison. While in prison, <mask> founded the political party Mekenchil with Kamchybek Tashiyev. Between 2018 and 2019, the party and its supporters grew and organized protests against <mask>’s imprisonment.Interim leadership of Kyrgyzstan

On 5 October 2020, protests and demonstrations against the results of the parliamentary elections began throughout Kyrgyzstan. After the release of <mask> from a seized government building on 6 October, he was taken to Ala-Too Square in Bishkek where he sought appointment to become prime minister. Members of parliament staying at the Dostuk Hotel approved his appointment that night, however with the opposition's nomination, Tilek Toktogaziev, declaring himself to instead be the legitimate head of government. Toktogaziev asserted the election to be illegal, claiming that members were pressured by <mask>'s supporters who had gathered near the hotel. Opponents of <mask> also highlighted the absence of a quorum (minimum attendance threshold) and a violation of parliamentary procedure. On 13 October, then-President Sooronbay Jeenbekov rejected <mask>'s appointment as prime minister due to proxy voting occurring. Jeenbekov requested for the parliament to reconvene and vote again for the nomination; this happened the following day, with <mask> again winning parliamentary nomination.<mask> successfully was approved as prime minister by Jeenbekov, however was initially unsuccessful in persuading the president to step down until a new general election could be held. The following day, on 15 October, Jeenbekov resigned from the presidency, leading <mask> to declare himself as acting president. Despite the Kyrgyzstan Constitution stating that the speaker of the Supreme Council should succeed the role, Kanatbek Isaev refused to assume office, resulting in <mask> becoming the acting president. He was confirmed as president of Kyrgyzstan by parliament on 16 October 2020. President of Kyrgyzstan (2021–present)

Other
<mask>'s first five executive orders were related to spiritual development, a new personnel policy, business protection, migration, and mining. On 11 February, <mask> signed a decree on the celebration of the 120th anniversary of the birth of political figure Zhusup Abdrakhmanov. Kumtor Gold Mine
Since 2012, <mask> has advocated the nationalization of the Kumtor gold mine located in his native Issyk-Kul Region, and accused the management company, Centerra Gold, of environmental violations and corruption.In this regard, he gained popularity among his fellow countrymen. On 14 May 2021, he signed into a bill allowing for temporary government control over the mine, eight days after it was approved by parliament. In response, Centerra Gold launched arbitration against Kyrgyzstan over the mine. Foreign policy

<mask> has emphasized his administration will have a "multipronged" foreign policy, with Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan being major partners under his leadership. The Russian Federation

<mask> has adopted a pro-Russia stance. His first trip to a foreign country while in office was to Russia on 25–26 February. China
<mask> has suggested Kyrgyzstan pay off debt to China with mineral concessions.Central Asia

On 2–3 March, he visited Nur-Sultan, where he held consultations with President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev and former president Nursultan Nazarbayev. <mask> secured a protocol aimed to ensure energy security of Kyrgyzstan by preventing Toktogul Reservoir from running out of water to a critical level. During the visit, <mask> said that "there are no political contradictions between our countries" and that "We have many common interests". He visited Tashkent a week later, where he and Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoev agreed to solve all border issues in three months. During the 2021 Kyrgyzstan–Tajikistan conflict, he led the Kyrgyz response to the clashes. On April 30, he held a telephone conversation with the President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon, during which he agrees to participate in a face-to-face meeting in Dushanbe in the second half of May. He also proposed the creation of a peacekeeping commission composed of elders from both countries.Later that day, <mask> addressed the Kyrgyz people, where he called for calm particularly from youth, underlining that the Tajik leadership don't want a war with Kyrgyzstan, noting their experience in the Tajik Civil War. At the same time, he also accused "certain forces" of destabilizing the situation on the border. He declared 1 and 2 May as a period of nationwide mourning. In June 2021, <mask> <mask> and his Turkmen counterpart, Gurbanguly Berdymukhamedov met to discuss the possibility of Turkmenistan's supplying Kyrgyzstan with natural gas and electricity in the fall and winter. This arrangement could become extremely important for Kyrgyzstan, which is hoping to convert its coal-burning power plant in Bishkek to gas. As Head of the Kyrgyz cabinet, Ulukbek Maripov, told lawmakers on June 17, gas is too costly. Criticism
<mask> is accused of adherence to Kyrgyz nationalism, with many labelling him as "a staunch nationalist inclined to violence", and an anti-Uzbek.Many allege that during the time of <mask>'s work in anti-corruption departments, he "did not show significant success in the fight against corruption", being accused of having connections with a "thief in law" and northern crime boss, Kamchy Kolbaev. Personal life
<mask> is married to Aigul <mask>a (née Asanbaeva), who is five years his junior. She was born in the neighboring village to <mask>'s in the Tüp District. During his acting presidency, she volunteered to help volunteers in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. He is also the father of four children, with his eldest son Dastan having died on 26 August 2019 in an accident. His father and mother passed away in September 2017 and March 2019, respectively, during his prosecution and prison term. In either case, <mask> was not released by the State Penitentiary Service to attend the funeral of his parents.It is known that one of his brothers owns one of the coal mines in the north of the country. Awards and honorifics

 Badge "Excellent Worker of the Soviet Army"
 In 2009, he was awarded the medal of the Issyk-Kul Regional State Administration "for merits and significant contribution to the socio-economic development of the Issyk-Kul region." In 2010, he was awarded the Medal "For Merit" of the Russian Union of Afghanistan Veterans

He also holds the following titles:

Honorary President of the Mixed Martial Arts Federation of Kyrgyzstan

References

1968 births
Living people
Prime Ministers of Kyrgyzstan
People from Issyk-Kul Region
Presidents of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstani politicians

masks:
Sadyr Nurgozhoevich Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Kadic Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Sadyr
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov
Japarov


texts:
<mask> (born 15 January 1950) is the former First Lady of Haiti and the ex‑wife of former President of Haiti, Jean‑Claude Duvalier. They fled to France together when he resigned in 1986; they divorced in 1990. Early life
<mask> was born in Port‑au‑Prince, Haiti, in 1950, the daughter of Aurore() and <mask>, a Haitian businessman and descendant of  of Haiti. Her father owned more than  of land, growing mostly coffee, and employing 1,600 estate workers in addition to 900 more in his business. Her uncle was Haiti's Roman Catholic Archbishop Monsignor
At 15, <mask> moved to New York, where she was educated at St. Mary's School in Peekskill. She went on to work as a secretary at a slipper company in New York City’s Garment District. In 1973, she married Alix Pasquet, Jr., the son of Captain Alix Pasquet, a well known mulatto officer and Tuskegee Airman who in 1958 led a coup attempt against François Duvalier.By Pasquet she had two children, Alix III and Sacha. After her 1978 divorce from Pasquet, she had a career in public relations for Habitation LeClerc, an upscale hotel in Port‑au‑Prince. Marriage
Although <mask> met Jean‑Claude Duvalier in high school, the pair did not become romantically engaged until ten years later. In 1980, <mask> married President Duvalier. Their wedding, Haiti's social event of the decade, cost an unprecedented US$2million and was received enthusiastically by the majority of Haitians. <mask> Duvalier at first endeared herself to the population by distributing clothes and food to the needy as well as opening several medical clinics and schools for the poor. In the six weeks following the wedding, Michèle and Jean‑Claude toured Haiti, turning up unannounced at meetings, marketplaces, and other gathering places, which garnered “approving glances and words most everywhere”.On a visit to Haiti, Mother Teresa remarked that she had “never seen the poor people being so familiar with their head of state as they were with ”. With Jean‑Claude, Michèle had her third and fourth children: Nicolas and Anya. The marriage represented a symbolic alliance with the mulatto elite, the families Jean‑Claude’s father had opposed. This resulted in her husband's mother, Simone Duvalier, who opposed the match, being sidelined politically, which in turn created new factional alliances within the ruling group since the Duvalierist Old Guard opined that the new First Lady's power appeared to exceed her husband's. While Jean‑Claude often dozed through Cabinet meetings, his wife, frustrated at his political ineptitude, reprimanded ministers herself. First lady
Accusations of or associations with corruption plagued the Duvalier–<mask> marriage. Michèle's father, <mask>, took advantage of his presidential connection to extend interests into his businesses, from his BMW dealership, to his coffee and cocoa export concerns, to Air Haiti, in whose planes <mask> was rumored to be transporting drugs.In 1982, Frantz <mask>, Michèle's brother, was arrested in Puerto Rico for drug trafficking, and began a three‑year jail term. <mask> Duvalier's family amassed wealth during the later part of Jean‑Claude’s dictatorship. By the end of his fifteen‑year rule, Duvalier and his wife had become famous for their corruption. The National Palace became the scene of opulent costume parties, where the young President once appeared dressed as a Turkish sultan to dole out ten‑thousand‑dollar jewels as door prizes. While on a visit to Haiti in 1983,  declared that “things must change in Haiti”, and he called on “all those who have power, riches and culture so that they can understand the serious and urgent responsibility to help their brothers and sisters”. Popular uprising against the regime began soon after that. Duvalier responded with a 10%reduction in staple food prices, the closing of independent radio stations, a cabinet reshuffle, and a crackdown by police and army units, but these moves failed to dampen the momentum of the popular uprising.Jean‑Claude’s wife and advisers urged him to put down the rebellion in order to remain in office. In response to widening opposition to 28 years of Duvalier rule, on 7 February 1986, the Duvaliers fled the rioting country in an American plane accompanied by 19 other people. Exile
The governments of Greece, Spain, Switzerland, Gabon and Morocco all refused the Duvalier family's requests for asylum. France agreed to give the Duvaliers temporary entry but also denied them asylum. Soon after their arrival in France, their home was raided as part of an investigation into pillaging Haiti’s treasury. <mask> was found trying to flush documentation down a toilet. Her papers documented recent spending including US$168,780 for Givenchy clothing, US$270,200 for Boucheron jewelry and US$9,752 for two children's horse saddles at Hermès.In 1987, a French civil court dismissed Haiti’s lawsuit against the Duvaliers, which sought to have the Duvaliers held responsible to repay money to Haiti. In 1990, Jean‑Claude Duvalier filed for divorce from <mask> in the Dominican Republic, accusing her of immoral acts. <mask>, who was living with another man in Cannes at the time, contested the decision, flying to the Dominican Republic to obtain a reversal before her husband prevailed in a third court. She was awarded alimony and child support. In the wake of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, <mask> returned to Haiti with a search and rescue team to look for her brother <mask> in the rubble of the Hôtel Montana. <mask> returned to Haiti for Jean‑Claude Duvalier's funeral on 11 October 2014. She attended with her two children from their marriage, at a chapel on the grounds of the Institution Saint-Louis de Gonzague school in the Delmas district of Port‑au‑Prince.References

1950 births
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Haiti
Haitian expatriates in France
Haitian people of Mulatto descent
Living people
People from Port-au-Prince
Christophe family
Duvalier family

masks:
Michle Bennett
Michle Bennett
ErnestBennett
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Michèle
Bennett
Ernest Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Michèle
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
Bennett
RudyBennett
Bennett


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<mask> (born Israel Beilin; ; May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was a Belarusian American composer and lyricist, widely considered one of the greatest songwriters in history. His music forms a great part of the Great American Songbook. Born in Imperial Russia (in the area that is now Belarus), Berlin arrived in the United States at the age of five. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights,   and had his first major international hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band", in 1911. He also was an owner of the Music Box Theatre on Broadway. For much of his career Berlin could not read sheet music, and was such a limited piano player that he could only play in the key of F-sharp; he used his custom piano equipped with a transposing lever when he needed to play in keys other than F-sharp. "Alexander's Ragtime Band" sparked an international dance craze in places as far away as Berlin's native Russia, which also "flung itself into the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania".Over the years he was known for writing music and lyrics in the American vernacular: uncomplicated, simple and direct, with his stated aim being to "reach the heart of the average American," whom he saw as the "real soul of the country". In doing so, said Walter Cronkite, at Berlin's 100th birthday tribute, he "helped write the story of this country, capturing the best of who we are and the dreams that shape our lives". He wrote hundreds of songs, many becoming major hits, which made him famous before he turned thirty. During his 60-year career he wrote an estimated 1,500 songs, including the scores for 20 original Broadway shows and 15 original Hollywood films, with his songs nominated eight times for Academy Awards. Many songs became popular themes and anthems, including "Alexander's Ragtime Band", "Easter Parade", "Puttin' on the Ritz", "Cheek to Cheek", "White Christmas", "Happy Holiday", "Anything You Can Do (I Can Do Better)", and "There's No Business Like Show Business". His Broadway musical and 1943 film This Is the Army, with Ronald Reagan, had Kate Smith singing Berlin's "God Bless America" which was first performed in 1938. Berlin's songs have reached the top of the charts 25 times and have been extensively re-recorded by numerous singers including The Andrews Sisters, Perry Como, Eddie Fisher, Al Jolson, Fred Astaire, Ethel Merman, Louis Armstrong, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr., Elvis Presley, Judy Garland, Tiny Tim, Barbra Streisand, Linda Ronstadt, Rosemary Clooney, Cher, Diana Ross, Bing Crosby, Sarah Vaughan, Ruth Etting, Fanny Brice, Marilyn Miller, Rudy Vallée, Nat King Cole, Billie Holiday, Doris Day, Jerry Garcia, Taco, Willie Nelson, Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen, Ella Fitzgerald, Michael Buble, Lady Gaga, and Christina Aguilera.Berlin died in 1989 at the age of 101. Composer Douglas Moore sets Berlin apart from all other contemporary songwriters, and includes him instead with Stephen Foster, Walt Whitman, and Carl Sandburg, as a "great American minstrel"—someone who has "caught and immortalized in his songs what we say, what we think about, and what we believe." Composer George Gershwin called him "the greatest songwriter that has ever lived", and composer Jerome Kern concluded that "<mask> has no place in American music—he is American music." Early life

Jewish immigrant

Life in Russia
Berlin was born Israel Beilin on May 11, 1888, in the Russian Empire. Although his family came from the shtetl of Tolochin (today in Belarus), documents say that he was born in Tyumen, Siberia. He was one of eight children of Moses (1848–1901) and Lena Lipkin Beilin (1850–1922). His father, a cantor in a synagogue, uprooted the family to America, as did many other Jewish families in the late 19th century.The family left the old continent from Antwerp aboard the SS Rijnland from the Red Star Line. On September 14, 1893, the family arrived at Ellis Island in New York City. When they arrived, Israel was put in a pen with his brother and five sisters until immigration officials declared them fit to be allowed into the city. After their arrival, the name "Beilin" was changed to "Baline". According to biographer Laurence Bergreen, as an adult Berlin admitted to no memories of his first five years in Russia except for one: "he was lying on a blanket by the side of a road, watching his house burn to the ground. By daylight the house was in ashes." As an adult, Berlin said he was unaware of being raised in abject poverty since he knew no other life.The Berlins were one of hundreds of thousands of Jewish families who emigrated to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s, escaping discrimination, poverty and brutal pogroms. Other such families included those of George and Ira Gershwin, Al Jolson, Sophie Tucker, L. Wolfe Gilbert, Jack Yellen, Louis B. Mayer (of MGM), and the Warner brothers. Settling in New York City

After their arrival in New York City, the Baline family lived briefly in a basement flat on Monroe Street, and then moved to a three-room tenement at 330 Cherry Street. His father, unable to find comparable work as a cantor in New York, took a job at a kosher meat market and gave Hebrew lessons on the side to support his family. He died a few years later when <mask> was thirteen years old. Now, with only a few years of schooling, eight-year-old <mask> began helping to support his family. He became a newspaper boy, hawking The Evening Journal.One day while delivering newspapers, according to Berlin's biographer and friend, Alexander Woollcott, he stopped to look at a ship departing for China and became so entranced that he did not see a swinging crane, which knocked him into the river. When he was fished out after going down for the third time, he was still holding in his clenched fist the five pennies he earned that day. His mother took a job as a midwife, and three of his sisters worked wrapping cigars, common for immigrant girls. His older brother worked in a sweatshop assembling shirts. Each evening, when the family came home from their day's work, Bergreen writes, "they would deposit the coins they had earned that day into Lena's outspread apron." Music historian Philip Furia writes that when "Izzy" began to sell newspapers in the Bowery, he was exposed to the music and sounds coming from saloons and restaurants that lined the crowded streets. Young Berlin sang some of the songs he heard while selling papers, and people would toss him some coins.He confessed to his mother one evening that his newest ambition in life was to become a singing waiter in a saloon. However, before Berlin was fourteen his meager income was still adding less than his sisters' to the family's budget, which made him feel worthless. He then decided to leave home and join the city's ragged army of other young immigrants. He lived in the Bowery, taking up residence in one of the lodging houses that sheltered the thousands of other homeless boys in the Lower East Side. Bergreen describes them as being uncharitable living quarters, "Dickensian in their meanness, filth, and insensitivity to ordinary human beings." Early jobs

Having left school around the age of thirteen, Berlin had few survival skills and realized that formal employment was out of the question. His only ability was acquired from his father's vocation as a singer, and he joined with several other youngsters who went to saloons on the Bowery and sang to customers.Itinerant young singers like them were common on the Lower East Side. Berlin would sing a few of the popular ballads he heard on the street, hoping people would pitch him a few pennies. From these seamy surroundings, he became streetwise, with real and lasting education. Music was his only source of income and he picked up the language and culture of the ghetto lifestyle. Berlin learned what kind of songs appealed to audiences, writes Bergreen: "well-known tunes expressing simple sentiments were the most reliable." He soon began plugging songs at Tony Pastor's Music Hall in Union Square and in 1906, when he was 18, got a job as a singing waiter at the Pelham Cafe in Chinatown. Besides serving drinks, he sang made-up "blue" parodies of hit songs to the delight of customers.Biographer Charles Hamm writes that in Berlin's free time after hours, he taught himself to play the piano. Never having lessons, after the bar closed for the night, young Berlin would sit at a piano in the back and begin improvising tunes. He published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy", written in collaboration with the Pelham's resident pianist Mike Nicholson, in 1907, receiving 33 cents for the publishing rights. A spelling error on the sheet music to the published song included the spelling of his name as "I<mask>". <mask> continued writing and playing music at Pelham Cafe and developing an early style. He liked the words to other people's songs but sometimes the rhythms were "kind of boggy," and he might change them. One night he delivered some hits composed by his friend, George M. Cohan, another kid who was getting known on Broadway with his own songs.When Berlin ended with Cohan's "Yankee Doodle Boy", notes Whitcomb, "everybody in the joint applauded the feisty little fellow." Recognition as songwriter
Max Winslow (c. 1883–1942), a staff member at music publisher Harry Von Tilzer Company, noticed Berlin's singing on many occasions and became so taken with his talent that he tried to get him a job with his firm. Von Tilzer said that Max claimed to have "discovered a great kid," and raved about him so much that Von Tilzer hired Berlin. In 1908, when he was 20, Berlin took a new job at a saloon named Jimmy Kelly's in the Union Square neighborhood. There, he was able to collaborate with other young songwriters, such as Edgar Leslie, Ted Snyder, Al Piantadosi, and George A. Whiting. In 1909, the year of the premiere of Israel Zangwill's The Melting Pot, he got another big break as a staff lyricist with the Ted Snyder Company. Songwriting career

Before 1920

"Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911)

Berlin rose as a songwriter in Tin Pan Alley and on Broadway.In 1911, Emma Carus introduced his first world-famous hit, "Alexander's Ragtime Band", followed by a performance from Berlin himself at the Friars' Frolic of 1911. He became an instant celebrity, and the featured performer later that year at Oscar Hammerstein's vaudeville house, where he introduced dozens of other songs. The New York Telegraph described how two hundred of his street friends came to see "their boy" on stage: "All the little writer could do was to finger the buttons on his coat while tears ran down his cheeks—in a vaudeville house!" Richard Corliss, in a Time profile of Berlin, described "Alexander's Ragtime Band" as a march, not a rag, "its savviest musicality comprised quotes from a bugle call and "Swanee River". The tune revived the ragtime fervor that Scott Joplin had begun a decade earlier, and made Berlin a songwriting star. From its first and subsequent releases, the song was near the top of the charts as others sang it: Bessie Smith, in 1927, and Louis Armstrong, in 1937; no. 1 by Bing Crosby and Connee Boswell; Johnny Mercer in 1945; Al Jolson, in 1947 and Nellie Lutcher in 1948.Add Ray Charles's big-band version in 1959, and "Alexander" had a dozen hit versions in just under a half century. Initially the song was not recognized as a hit, however; Broadway producer Jesse Lasky was uncertain about using it, although he did include it in his "Follies" show. It was performed as an instrumental but did not impress audiences, and was soon dropped from the show's score. Berlin regarded it as a failure. He then wrote lyrics to the score, played it again in another Broadway Review, and this time Variety news weekly called it "the musical sensation of the decade". Composer George Gershwin, foreseeing its influence, said it was "the first real American musical work," adding, "Berlin had shown us the way; it was now easier to attain our ideal." Sparking a national dance craze

Berlin was "flabbergasted" by the sudden international popularity of the song, and wondered why it became a sudden hit.He decided it was partly because the lyrics, "silly though it was, was fundamentally right...[and] the melody... started the heels and shoulders of all America and a good section of Europe to rocking." In 1913, Berlin was featured in the London revue Hello Ragtime, where he introduced "That International Rag", a song he had written for the occasion. "Watch Your Step"
Furia writes that the international success of "Alexander's Ragtime Band"  gave ragtime "new life and sparked a national dance craze". Two dancers who expressed that craze were Vernon and Irene Castle. In 1914, Berlin wrote a ragtime revue, "Watch Your Step", which starred the couple and showcased their talents on stage. That musical revue became Berlin's first complete score with songs that "radiated musical and lyrical sophistication". Berlin's songs signified modernism, and they signified the cultural struggle between Victorian gentility and the "purveyors of liberation, indulgence, and leisure," says Furia.The song "Play a Simple Melody" became the first of his famous "double" songs in which two different melodies and lyrics are counterpointed against one another. Variety called "Watch Your Step" the "first syncopated musical", where the "sets and the girls were gorgeous". Berlin was then twenty-six, and the success of the show was riding on his name alone. Variety said the show was a "terrific hit" from its opening night. It compared Berlin's newfound status as a composer with that of the Times building: "That youthful marvel of syncopated melody is proving things in "Watch Your Step", firstly that he is not alone a rag composer, and that he is one of the greatest lyric writers America has ever produced." Whitcomb also points out the irony that Russia, the country Berlin's family was forced to leave, flung itself into "the ragtime beat with an abandon bordering on mania". For example, Prince Felix Yusupov, a recent Oxford undergraduate of Russian noble lineage and heir to the largest estate in Russia, was described by his dance partner as "wriggling around the ballroom like a demented worm, screaming for 'more ragtime and more champagne.Simple and romantic ballads

Some of the songs Berlin created came out of his own sadness. For instance, in 1912 he married Dorothy Goetz, the sister of songwriter E. Ray Goetz. She died six months later of typhoid fever contracted during their honeymoon in Havana. The song he wrote to express his grief, "When I Lost You", was his first ballad. It was an immediate popular hit

masks:
Irving Berlin
Irving Berlin
Irving
Irving
. Berlin
Berlin


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 and sold more than a million copies. He began to realize that ragtime was not a good musical style for serious romantic expression, and over the next few years adapted his style by writing more love songs. In 1915 he wrote the hit "I Love a Piano", a comical and erotic ragtime love song.By 1918 he had written hundreds of songs, mostly topical, which enjoyed brief popularity. Many of the songs were for the new dances then appearing, such as the grizzly bear, chicken walk, or foxtrot. After a Hawaiian dance craze began, he wrote "That Hula-Hula", and then did a string of southern songs, such as "When the Midnight Choo-Choo Leaves for Alabam". During this period, he was creating a few new songs every week, including songs aimed at the various immigrant cultures arriving from Europe. On one occasion, Berlin, whose face was still not known, was on a train trip and decided to entertain the fellow passengers with some music. They asked him how he knew so many hit songs, and Berlin modestly replied, "I wrote them." An important song that Berlin wrote during his transition from writing ragtime to lyrical ballads was "A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody", which became one of Berlin's "first big guns", says historian Alec Wilder.The song was written for Ziegfeld's Follies of 1919 and became the musical's lead song. Its popularity was so great that it later became the theme for all of Ziegfeld's revues, and the theme song in the 1936 film The Great Ziegfeld. Wilder puts it on the same level as Jerome Kern's "pure melodies", and in comparison with Berlin's earlier music, says it is "extraordinary that such a development in style and sophistication should have taken place in a single year". World War I
On April 1, 1917, after President Woodrow Wilson declared that America would enter World War I, Berlin felt that Tin Pan Alley should do its duty and support the war with inspirational songs. Berlin wrote the song, "For Your Country and My Country", stating that "we must speak with the sword not the pen to show our appreciation to America for opening up her heart and welcoming every immigrant group." He also co-wrote a song aimed at ending ethnic conflict, "Let's All Be Americans Now". "Yip Yip Yaphank"

In 1917, Berlin was drafted into the United States Army, and his induction became headline news, with one paper headline reading, "Army Takes Berlin!"But the Army wanted Berlin, now aged 30, to do what he knew best: write songs. While stationed with the 152nd Depot Brigade at Camp Upton, he then composed an all-soldier musical revue titled "Yip Yip Yaphank", written to be patriotic tribute to the United States Army. By the following summer, the show was taken to Broadway where it also included a number of hits, including "Mandy" and "Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning", which he performed himself. The shows earned $150,000 for a camp service center. One song he wrote for the show but decided not to use, he would introduce twenty years later: "God Bless America". 1920 to 1940

Berlin returned to Tin Pan Alley after the war and in 1921 created a partnership with Sam Harris to build the Music Box Theater.He maintained an interest in the theater throughout his life, and even in his last years was known to call the Shubert Organization, his partner, to check on the receipts. In its early years, the theater was a showcase for revues by Berlin. As theater owner, producer and composer, he looked after every detail of his shows, from the costumes and sets to the casting and musical arrangements. According to Berlin biographer David Leopold, the theater, located at 239 West 45th St., was the only Broadway house built to accommodate the works of a songwriter. It was the home of Berlin's "Music Box Revue" from 1921 to 1925 and "As Thousands Cheer" in 1933 and today includes an exhibition devoted to Berlin in the lobby. Various hit songs by Berlin
By 1926, Berlin had written the scores to two editions of the Ziegfeld Follies and four "Music Box Revues". Berlin's "Music Box Revues" spanned the years of 1921–1926, premiering songs such as "Say It With Music", "Everybody Step", and "Pack Up Your Things and Go to the Devil".Life magazine called him the "Lullaby Kid", noting that "couples at country-club dances grew misty-eyed when the band went into "Always", because they were positive that Berlin had written it just for them. When they quarreled and parted in the bitter-sweetness of the 1920s, it was Berlin who gave eloquence to their heartbreak by way of "What'll I Do" and "Remember" and "All Alone". "What'll I Do?" (1924)
This ballad of love and longing was a hit record for Paul Whiteman and had several other successful recordings in 1924. Twenty-four years later, the song went to no. 22 for Nat Cole and no. 23 for Frank Sinatra."Always" (1925)
Written when he fell in love with Ellin Mackay, who later became his wife. The song became a hit twice (for Vincent Lopez and George Olsen) in its first incarnation. There were four more hit versions in 1944–45. In 1959, Sammy Turner took the song to no. 2 on the R&B chart. It became Patsy Cline's postmortem anthem and hit no. 18 on the country chart in 1980, 17 years after her death, and a tribute musical called "Always...Patsy Cline", played a two-year Nashville run that ended in 1995. Leonard Cohen included a cover of this song on his 1992 release The Future (Leonard Cohen album). "Blue Skies" (1926)
Written after his first daughter's birth, he distilled his feelings about being married and a father for the first time: "Blue days, all of them gone; nothing but blue skies, from now on." The song was introduced by Belle Baker in Betsy, a Ziegfeld production. It became a hit recording for Ben Selvin and one of several Berlin hits in 1927. It was performed by Al Jolson in the first feature sound film, The Jazz Singer, that same year. In 1946, it returned to the top 10 on the charts with Count Basie and Benny Goodman.In 1978, Willie Nelson made the song a no. 1 country hit, 52 years after it was written. "Puttin' On the Ritz" (1928)
An instant standard with one of Berlin's most "intricately syncopated choruses", this song is associated with Fred Astaire, who sang and danced to it in the 1946 film Blue Skies. The song was written in 1928 with a separate set of lyrics and was introduced by Harry Richman in a 1930 film of the same name. In 1939, Clark Gable sang it in the movie Idiot's Delight. In 1974 it was featured in the movie Young Frankenstein by Mel Brooks, and was a no. 4 hit for synth-pop artist Taco in 1983.In 2012 it was used for a flash mob wedding event in Moscow. "Marie" (1929)
This waltz-time song was a hit for Rudy Vallée in 1929, and in 1937, updated to a four-quarter-time swing arrangement, was a top hit for Tommy Dorsey. It was on the charts at no. 13 in 1953 for The Four Tunes and at no. 15 for the Bachelors in 1965, 36 years after its first appearance. "Say It Isn't So" (1932)
Rudy Vallée performed it on his radio show, and the song was a hit for George Olsen, Connee Boswell (she was still known as Connie), and Ozzie Nelson's band. Aretha Franklin produced a single of the song in 1963, 31 years later.Furia notes that when Vallée first introduced the song on his radio show, the "song not only became an overnight hit, it saved Vallée's marriage: The Vallées had planned to get a divorce, but after Vallée sang Berlin's romantic lyrics on the air, "both he and his wife dissolved in tears" and decided to stay together. "I've Got My Love to Keep Me Warm" (1937)
Performed by Dick Powell in the 1937 film On the Avenue. Later it had four top-12 versions, including by Billie Holiday and Les Brown, who took it to no. 1. "God Bless America" (1938)

The song was written by Berlin twenty years earlier, but he filed it away until 1938 when Kate Smith needed a patriotic song to mark the 20th anniversary of Armistice Day, celebrating the end of World War I. Its release near the end of the Depression, which had by then gone on for nine years, enshrined a "strain of official patriotism intertwined with a religious faith that runs deep in the American psyche," stated The New York Times. Berlin's daughter, Mary Ellin Barrett, states that the song was actually "very personal" for her father, and was intended as an expression of his deep gratitude to the nation for merely "allowing" him, an immigrant raised in poverty, to become a successful songwriter."To me," said Berlin, "'God Bless America' was not just a song but an expression of my feeling toward the country to which I owe what I have and what I am." The Economist magazine writes that "Berlin was producing a deep-felt paean to the country that had given him what he would have said was everything." It quickly became a second National Anthem after America entered World War II a few years later. Over the decades it has earned millions for the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts, to whom Berlin assigned all royalties. In 1954, Berlin received a special Congressional Gold Medal from President Dwight D. Eisenhower for contributing the song. The song was heard after September 11, 2001, as U.S. senators and congressmen stood on the capitol steps and sang it after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center. It is often played by sports teams such as major league baseball.The Philadelphia Flyers hockey team started playing it before crucial contests. When the 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team pulled off the "greatest upset in sports history," referred to as the "Miracle on Ice", the players spontaneously sang it as Americans were overcome by patriotism. Other songs
Though most of his works for the Broadway stage took the form of revues—collections of songs with no unifying plot—he did write a number of book shows. The Cocoanuts (1929) was a light comedy with a cast featuring, among others, the Marx Brothers. Face the Music (1932) was a political satire with a book by Moss Hart, and Louisiana Purchase (1940) was a satire of a Southern politician obviously based on the exploits of Huey Long. As Thousands Cheer (1933) was a revue, also with book by Moss Hart, with a theme: each number was presented as an item in a newspaper, some of them touching on issues of the day. The show yielded a succession of hit songs, including "Easter Parade" sung by Marilyn Miller and Clifton Webb, "Heat Wave" (presented as the weather forecast), "Harlem on My Mind", and "Supper Time", a song about racial violence inspired by a newspaper headline about a lynching, sung by Ethel Waters.She once said about the song, "If one song can tell the whole tragic history of a race, 'Supper Time' was that song. In singing it I was telling my comfortable, well-fed, well-dressed listeners about my people...those who had been slaves and those who were now downtrodden and oppressed." 1941 to 1962

World War II patriotism—"This is the Army" (1943)

Berlin loved his country, and wrote many songs reflecting his patriotism. Treasury Secretary Henry Morgenthau requested a song to inspire Americans to buy war bonds, for which he wrote "Any Bonds Today?" He assigned all royalties to the United States Treasury Department. He then wrote songs for various government agencies and likewise assigned all profits to them: "Angels of Mercy" for the American Red Cross; "Arms for the Love of America", for the U.S. Army Ordnance Department; and "I Paid My Income Tax Today", again to Treasury. When the United States joined World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Berlin immediately began composing a number of patriotic songs.His most notable and valuable contribution to the war effort was a stage show he wrote called "This Is The Army". It was taken to Broadway and then on to Washington, D.C. (where President Franklin D. Roosevelt attended). It was eventually shown at military bases throughout the world, including London, North Africa, Italy, Middle East, and Pacific countries, sometimes in close proximity to battle zones. Berlin wrote nearly three dozen songs for the show which contained a cast of 300 men. He supervised the production and traveled with it, always singing "Oh! How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning". The show kept him away from his family for three and a half years, during which time he took neither salary nor expenses, and turned over all profits to the Army Emergency Relief Fund.The play was adapted into a movie of the same name in 1943, directed by Michael Curtiz, co-starring Joan Leslie and Ronald Reagan, who was then an army lieutenant. Kate Smith also sang "God Bless America" in the film with a backdrop showing families anxious over the coming war. The show became a hit movie and a morale-boosting road show that toured the battlefronts of Europe. The shows and movie combined raised more than $10 million for the Army, and in recognition of his contributions to troop morale, Berlin was awarded the Medal for Merit by President Harry S. Truman. His daughter, Mary Ellin Barrett, who was 15 when she was at the opening-night performance of "This is the Army" on Broadway, remembered that when her father, who normally shunned the spotlight, appeared in the second act in soldier's garb to sing "Oh, How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning", he was greeted with a standing ovation that lasted 10 minutes. She adds that he was in his mid-50s at the time, and later declared those years with the show were the "most thrilling time of his life". "Annie Get Your Gun" (1946)
The grueling tours Berlin did performing "This Is The Army" left him exhausted, but when his old and close friend Jerome Kern, who was the composer for "Annie Get Your Gun", died suddenly, producers Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II persuaded Berlin to take over composing the score.Loosely based on the life of sharpshooter Annie Oakley, the music and lyrics were written by <mask>, with a book by Herbert Fields and his sister Dorothy Fields, and directed by Joshua Logan. At first <mask> refused to take on the job, claiming that he knew nothing about "hillbilly music", but the show ran for 1,147 performances and became his most successful score. It is said that the showstopper song, "There's No Business Like Show Business", was almost left out of the show altogether because <mask> mistakenly thought that Rodgers and Hammerstein didn't like it. However, it became the "ultimate uptempo show tune". On the origin of another of the play's leading songs, Logan described how he and Hammerstein privately discussed wanting another duet between Annie and Frank. <mask> overheard their conversation, and although the show was to go into rehearsal within days, he wrote the song "Anything You Can Do" a few hours later. One reviewer commented about the play's score, that "its tough wisecracking

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