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<mask><mask> is a former Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs. Appointed by President Obama, she was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 21, 2009, and sworn in on May 26. She resigned effective July 1, 2011. <mask> now serves as the president and chief executive officer of Cane Investments, LLC, a small family-owned fund where her son Brian O'Halloran is the managing director. Cane Investments makes investments in start-ups in the fields of technology and the environment. <mask> is the former president and chief executive officer of Discovery Communications. For two decades, <mask> helped build Discovery Communications, the parent company of the Discovery Channel cable channel, into a global media enterprise with 1.4 billion subscribers in 170 countries.Early life
The daughter of a U.S. Foreign Service Officer, McHale was born in New York City and grew up in Britain and apartheid-era South Africa. During these formative years, McHale's family home was said to be constantly under police surveillance and was wire-tapped; family friends were detained and mistreated; and she became close with key anti-apartheid activists, including Felicia Kentridge, who founded South Africa's Legal Resource Centre, and her husband Sydney Kentridge, the noted civil rights lawyer who went on to represent slain anti-apartheid activist Steven Biko. She is married to Michael O'Halloran and has two sons, Brian and Mark. Her uncle was the journalist <mask>, Rome Bureau Chief for Time Magazine in the 1960s. He died along with Enrico Mattei, a leader of Italian oil company ENI, in a plane crash on October 27, 1962, later classified as a sabotage. Education
McHale graduated from the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom and Fordham University School of Law in New York. She has received honorary degrees from the University of Maryland, American University, the University of Miami and Colby College.Career

In the 1980s, McHale served as general counsel for MTV Networks, overseeing legal affairs for MTV, Nickelodeon and VH-1. In 1987, McHale became general counsel at Discovery Communications, then a small company with a single U.S. cable channel. She went on to serve as chief operating officer, chief executive officer, and president, helping to grow Discovery into a large media company, with more than 100 channels available in 35 languages and distributed to more 1 billion subscribers in over 170 countries. During her tenure as president, Discovery's revenues increased tenfold, with annual revenues topping $3 billion. <mask> and others at Discovery understood something important about communicating with people around the world: It makes more sense to engage people internationally on their own terms, in ways that respect their languages and customs, than it does just to bring them warmed-over versions of American programming. Discovery, nearly alone among American media companies that expanded internationally, put respect for cultural context and local voices at the heart of its business and creative strategies. It modified programming to respect viewers' regional customs and translated – rather than simply subtitled—into 35 different languages.McHale helped forge strategic partnerships, including an alliance in 1998 with the BBC that enabled a marriage of high-quality content and global distribution strength. Under her leadership the Discovery/BBC joint venture produced numerous documentaries including "Blue Planet", "Walking with Dinosaurs" and the award-winning "Planet Earth. She also spearheaded numerous corporate acquisitions, including The Learning Channel in 1991 and the Travel Channel in 1997. As a manager of a rapidly growing company with thousands of employees and offices in 22 countries, McHale made it a priority to create a workplace in which employees thrived professionally and personally. Discovery was consistently named one of the best places to work in various rankings, and, in 2004, <mask> was honored by Working Mother magazine as a "National Family Champion" for her leadership. At Discovery, McHale launched education and development initiatives in the United States and around the world, including the Discovery Channel Global Education Partnership, which provides free educational programming and technological support to more than a half million students at 200 schools and community centers throughout rural Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe. In 2006, after nearly 20 years at Discovery, McHale moved to Global Environment Fund, a private equity firm based in Chevy Chase, MD.McHale worked to launch the GEF/Africa Growth Fund, an investment vehicle intending to focus on supplying expansion capital to small and medium-sized enterprises that provide consumer goods and services in emerging African markets. Prior to joining the Department of State, McHale served on the boards of directors of Polo/Ralph Lauren, Host Hotels and Resorts and DigitalGlobe, Inc.  Ms. McHale currently serves on the boards of directors of SeaWorld Entertainment, Ralph Lauren Corporation Hilton  Worldwide, Inc. and Yellow Media Limited. Public service
In 1998, McHale was appointed by Governor Parris Glendening to a four-year term as a member of the Maryland State Board of Education. In September, 2013 McHale was appointed by Secretary of the Interior, Sally Jewell, as chair of the President's Advisory Council on Wildlife Trafficking. McHale has also provided leadership to a range of organizations engaged in global affairs and development. She served on the boards of the Africa Society of the National Summit on Africa, Africare, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, the National Democratic Institute, and Vital Voices. In 2008, she was the co-chair of the Platform Committee of the Democratic National Convention.References
U.S. Department of State Biography

1947 births
21st-century American women
Alumni of the University of Nottingham
American chief executives of financial services companies
American chief operating officers
American diplomats
American entertainment industry businesspeople
American women chief executives
American women diplomats
Fordham University School of Law alumni
Living people
Obama administration personnel
Political spokespersons
United States Under Secretaries of State

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<mask> (November 26, 1934 – March 22, 2006) was an American psychologist known for his unconventional 24-hour therapy and treatment of celebrity clients. His most notable patient was the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson, with whom he formed a controversial business and creative partnership in the 1980s. As a teenager, <mask> aspired to show business, briefly serving as an early manager for George Benson. During the 1960s, he studied psychology, earning his doctorate at the University of Oklahoma. After moving to Los Angeles, he treated many celebrity clients, including musician Alice Cooper and actors Richard Harris, Rod Steiger, Maureen McCormick, and Gig Young. He also developed an unorthodox 24-hour regimen intended to stabilize his patients by micromanaging their lives with a team of counselors and doctors. Brian Wilson initially became a patient under Landy's program in 1975.<mask> was soon discharged due to his burdensome fees. In 1982, <mask> was re-employed as Wilson's therapist, subsequently becoming his executive producer, business manager, co-songwriter, and business adviser. Landy co-produced Wilson's debut solo album Brian Wilson (1988) and its unreleased follow-up Sweet Insanity (1991), as well as allegedly ghostwriting portions of Wilson's first memoir Wouldn't It Be Nice: My Own Story (1991). In 1989, the state of California revoked <mask>'s professional license amidst accusations of ethical violations and patient misconduct. Wilson continued to see <mask> until a 1992 restraining order barred <mask> from contacting the musician ever again. After the 1990s, <mask> continued his practice with licensure in New Mexico and Hawaii until his death. In 2014, <mask>'s treatment of Wilson was dramatized in the biographical film Love & Mercy, in which <mask> is portrayed by Paul Giamatti.Background

<mask> <mask> was born on November 26, 1934, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the only child of Jules C<mask>, a medical doctor and psychology professor, and Frieda Mae Gordon <mask>, also a psychology professor. At the age of five, <mask> was revealed to have an IQ of 150 after being tested at the University of Pittsburgh. Landy dropped out of school in the sixth grade, later claiming to be dyslexic. At age 16, he pursued a career in show business, producing a nationally syndicated radio show, and discovering 10-year-old George Benson. Landy briefly served as Benson's manager and worked odd jobs as a radio producer, promoting records and producing a single for Frankie Avalon. Benson later stated, "My people developed a distrust for [Landy] when he made them sign a power of attorney that they didn't understand, and he got all my mail and all my checks." Honoring his parents' wishes, <mask> resumed his formal education at Los Angeles City College, where he earned an A.A. in chemistry.After falling ill with dysentery while attending medical school at the National Autonomous University of Mexico, he switched to psychology. He earned a bachelor's degree in psychology from California State University, Los Angeles in 1964 and a master's degree in the discipline from the University of Oklahoma in 1967, completing his training with a Ph.D. from the latter institution in 1968. Early career and development of methods

After completing his studies, Landy worked for the Peace Corps, eventually moving to Los Angeles to work as a drug counselor at Harbor Hospital and as a popular part-time instructor at San Fernando Valley State College. Landy began developing ideas for his 24-hour treatment program while engaging in postdoctoral work at Rancho Santa Fe. It was there that he practiced "marathon therapy", in which a therapist takes control of a group of people for a day or more. In 1968, he worked briefly as an intern at Gateways Hospital in Echo Park, Los Angeles, where he developed his methods further, experimenting with treatment on teenage drug abusers with varying degrees of success. He attributed his failures to having too little control over their nighttime activities; he tried evening rap groups and made himself available at all hours for talking therapies for their nocturnal anxiety attacks.Landy went on to call his new system milieu therapy. While serving the hospital, Landy became cultured in the language used by its teenagers. In 1971, he authored a book on hippie jargon called The Underground Dictionary, published by Simon & Schuster. Around 1972, Landy founded a Beverly Hills clinic, the Foundation for the Rechanneling of Emotions and Education (FREE). Interns employed at the clinic used <mask>'s approach on a partial basis. In the early 1970s, he also started penetrating Hollywood social circles, becoming a consultant on various television shows including The Bob Newhart Show. He soon began treating many celebrity clients, earning $200 an hour.Some of Landy's patients included Alice Cooper, Richard Harris, Rod Steiger, and Gig Young, who died in an apparent murder-suicide along with his wife in 1978. In a 1976 interview with Rolling Stone, Landy claimed that he had treated others, but that he was in no position to explain his background. He added, "I've treated a tremendous number of people in show business; for some reason I seem to be able to relate to them. I think I have a nice reputation that says I'm unorthodox by orthodox standards but basically unique by unorthodox standards." Unusually, he had his own press kit. In 1988, psychiatrist and Landy colleague Sol Samuels described Landy as "a maverick in the field of psychology. He's done things that no other psychologist has done in treating the psychotic and the drug addict.... What he was doing really was translating the hospital environment to the home environment. I think he got some remarkable results – with people who can afford it." Arnold Horowitz, who was an assistant to <mask> in the 1970s, stated that Landy used methods that were based "upon very very heavily reality confrontation on a very consistent basis. ... Gene, in addition to being eloquent at times ... is ... dramatic." First treatment of Brian Wilson (1975–1976)

Landy was initially hired to treat Brian Wilson by Wilson's wife Marilyn in October 1975. According to Marilyn, she had "tried to find doctors who could deal with" her husband for several years, but "Brian's ability to 'put on' these professionals made it difficult to find someone who could deal with him on his own level."During the previous spring and summer, she had employed Wilson's cousin, basketball player Stan Love, to supervise Wilson's daily activities and reverse his physical decline, Psychiatrists and therapists were then found for Wilson, but he refused to attend sessions. After hearing about <mask> from a friend, Marilyn met with him to discuss the situation. Landy told her that Brian was an "undiagnosed and untreated schizophrenic." Marilyn said that, during one of <mask>'s visits to their home, "Brian just walked in the room and said, 'Something's wrong with me. I need your help,' and that started it all." Wilson publicly rebelled against the program, saying that the only reason that he went along with it was so that he would not be committed to a psychiatric facility. Under Landy's program, he was forced to maintain a routine of exercise and productivity, as well as limit his meetings with friends that were deemed as negative influences.In <mask>'s own words,

Beach Boys road manager Rick Nelson later claimed that <mask> had attempted to exert unwelcome artistic control over the group. During the recording of the band's album 15 Big Ones (1976), group meetings were supervised by Landy, and discussions over each song for the record were reported to last for up to eight hours. Another report suggested that <mask> had asked for a percentage of the band's income. At <mask>'s insistence, Wilson appeared on Saturday Night Live, choosing to perform a solo piano rendition of "Good Vibrations" which received mixed feedback. <mask> stood off-camera holding signs for Wilson that read "smile". He said that critics missed the point of this exercise, explaining that Wilson's performance "was a terrible thing" as a one-shot, but if he continued making appearances then he would have gradually overcome his stage fright. Landy had initially charged a monthly fee of $10,000, which he gradually raised to $18,000.Steve Love, Wilson's cousin and band manager, fired <mask> in December 1976 when Landy raised his fees to $20,000 (equivalent to $ in ). By this time, Marilyn had become disenchanted with the doctor and his requests for additional compensation. She recalled confronting Landy at his office with her husband. "Brian said, 'You son of a bitch!' You have to understand that I have never seen Brian get physical, ever, ever. I saw him take his fist and start to punch this man, and I started screaming. Landy said, "No, no, no, let him do it, let him do it!... he needs to take his anger out on me...' That was a therapeutic session, if you can believe it." <mask> remembered 15 Big Ones as "the only major success" the Beach Boys had in recent years; "Brian and I did that together. Right after that, I had to leave the situation. ... I was interested in making Brian a whole human being; they [the Beach Boys management] were interested in getting another album done in time for 1977." In 1977, Wilson was asked if Landy had too much control; he said, "I thought so, but there was nothing I could do about it and I eventually gave in to it. ... [He had] control of my life legally through the commitment of my wife.... He definitely helped me. It cost over a hundred thousand dollars – he charged a hell of a lot per month." Wilson then reported that Landy was replaced with a different doctor. Second treatment of Brian Wilson (1982–1991)

In 1982, Wilson was brought back to Landy's care after overdosing on a combination of alcohol, cocaine, and other psychoactive drugs. Landy monitored Wilson's drug intake and used the psychiatrist Sol Samuels to prescribe Wilson medication. Landy's assistant Kevin Leslie stood with Wilson at every moment, earning Leslie the nickname "Surf Nazi".Leslie also gave Wilson medication at Landy's direction. Initially, Leslie was paid salary by Landy, but was eventually paid directly by Wilson. In 1988, Samuels took credit with performing the "actual supervision of the therapy ... giving the medication and the occasional psychotherapy as he needs it. What Gene has been doing is hiring the people to be with him, and so forth, much as a parent would do if asked to get some help in the house." In the mid 1980s, <mask> stated of Wilson, "I influence all of his thinking. I'm practically a member of the band ... [We're] partners in life." Wilson later responded to popular allegations, "People say that Dr. Landy runs my life, but the truth is, I'm in charge."<mask> echoed: "He's got a car phone in his car. If he wants to call somebody, he calls somebody. ... He can go anywhere, on his own, anytime he wants." A Rolling Stone journalist who spent one week with Wilson and Landy reported: "With the exception of taking a brief drive by himself to the market to pick up groceries, Brian appeared to be incapable of making a move without Landy's okay. During one interview session, the Landy line seemed to ring every thirty minutes. Yet Brian appears to be a willing participant in the program."Even though the Beach Boys had hired <mask>, part of the regimen involved cutting Wilson's contact from the group, as <mask> reasoned: "You can't deal with people who only want to use you." Wilson said that "Dr. <mask> doesn't like me to be in touch with my family too much. He thinks it's unhealthy." For example, Brian remembered participating in an interview with his brother Carl Wilson, "and the interviewer asked Carl what it was between him and me. He goes, 'Well, Brian and I don't have to talk to each other. We're just Beach Boys, but we don't need to be

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 friends.' And that's true.Although, whenever I think about him, I feel rotten." In 1986, Wilson met his future wife and manager Melinda Ledbetter, a Cadillac saleswoman and former model, while browsing through a car dealership. Six months after meeting Wilson, she had reported Landy to the state's attorney general, who informed her that nothing could be done without the cooperation of Wilson's family. Ledbetter felt that the family had been at their "rope's end" with Wilson, and that they did not know what to do to help him. She said that three years into their relationship, Landy ordered Wilson to sever ties with her. Music and business associations

Between 1983 and 1986, Landy charged about $430,000 annually, forcing Wilson's family members to devote some publishing rights to his fee. Landy received 25% of the copyright to all of Wilson's songs, regardless of whether he contributed to them or not, which band manager Tom Hulett explained was an incentive for Landy to reignite Wilson's drive."It was sort of like, 'Gee, there's nothing coming in now, if you can go make this person well to go create some income ...'" Landy expressed similar views. "Saying that [I would share in future songwriting royalties] in '84 was like me telling you, 'I'll pay you a million dollars if you can get up and fly around the room.'" This arrangement was revoked in 1985, with Landy only receiving rights with a percentage equal to his writing contributions. <mask> reported that he never received any money, since Wilson had not published any material before the pact was voided. Afterward, Wilson paid Landy a salary of about $300,000 a year for advice on creative decisions. In late 1987, <mask> and Wilson became creative partners in a company called Brains and Genius, a business venture where each member would contribute equally and share any profits from recordings, films, soundtracks, or books. <mask> was then credited as co-writer and executive producer for Wilson's debut solo album, Brian Wilson, released in 1988.Co-producer Russ Titelman disparaged <mask>'s role in the album's creation, calling him disruptive and "anti-creative". Wilson's cousin and bandmate Mike Love denied <mask>'s claims that the Beach Boys were preventing Wilson from participating on their recordings, and believed that the reason <mask> encouraged Wilson to pursue a solo career "was to destroy us. Then he would be the sole custodian of Brian's career and legacy." <mask> maintained that his songwriting collaborations on Brian Wilson earned him less than $50,000. In a September 1991 Billboard interview, <mask> falsely claimed to have co-written and co-produced the 1965 hit "Eve of Destruction" under the pseudonym P.F. Sloan. This prompted the real P.F.Sloan to pen a letter to Billboard that rebuked <mask>'s claim. Sloan later surmised that <mask> had made the claim in order to gain credibility and appease members of the medical community who were questioning why <mask> felt that he was an appropriate songwriting collaborator for Wilson. For the publishing of Wilson's autobiographic memoir, Wouldn't It Be Nice: My Own Story, Landy stood to earn 30% of its proceeds. The book glorifies <mask> and its contents were challenged for plagiarism. <mask> denied accusations that he was involved as a ghostwriter. Wilson later distanced himself from the book. In a 1995 court case, Wilson's lawyers argued that HarperCollins were aware that Wilson's statements in the book were either manipulated or written by <mask>.State intervention

Action was taken against <mask>'s professional practice as a result of the Beach Boys' and Wilson family's struggles for control. A former nurse and girlfriend of Wilson's brought <mask> to the state's attention in 1984. The state was then aided by journals written by songwriter Gary Usher during a ten-month collaboration with Wilson. These journals depicted Wilson as a virtual captive dominated by <mask>, who was determined to fulfill his show business ambitions through Wilson. By this time, Wilson had become <mask>'s only patient. In February 1988, the State of California Board of Medical Quality charged Landy with ethical and license code violations stemming from the improper prescription of drugs and various unethical personal and professional relationships with patients, citing one case of sexual misconduct with a female patient, along with Wilson's psychological dependency on Landy. <mask> denied the allegations, but later admitted to one of the seven charges which accused him of wrongfully prescribing drugs to Wilson.<mask> surrendered his psychological license, complying with an agreement made with the state of California, and was not allowed applications for reinstatement for the next two years. An August 1988 board meeting with the Beach Boys had <mask> promising that Brian would reconnect with the group, which Love says: "was a ruse to get us to write a letter in his defense against the California authorities. We never wrote the letter, and Brian's public behavior continued to unsettle." <mask> and his colleagues said that his treatment of Wilson ended in February 1988 at the request of the state attorney general's office, but the deputy attorney who drafted the complaint reported that he was not aware of any such request, nor was the office advised that they sever <mask>'s relationship with Wilson. Co-producers of Wilson's solo album said they witnessed no changes, and <mask>'s assistants remained with Wilson. Sol Samuels said this was because Landy had little direct involvement with Wilson's treatment, and that it was instead the people Landy hired who continued to regulate Wilson's medication. Conservatorship hearings

Peter Reum, a therapist who met Wilson while attending a Beach Boys fan convention in 1990, was alarmed by Wilson's demeanor and speculated that he may be suffering from tardive dyskinesia, a neurological condition brought on by prolonged usage of antipsychotic medication.Reum phoned biographer David Leaf, who then reported Reum's observations to Carl Wilson. It was then discovered that <mask> had been named as a chief beneficiary in a 1989 revision of Brian's will, collecting 70%, with the remainder split between his girlfriend and Brian's two daughters. This discovery was made by Kay Gilmer, a publicist employed by Landy in March 1990. She phoned Gary Usher to explain why his messages were not being returned, to which Usher warned: "If Landy knows that you're calling me, he'd kill you. He'd literally kill you." Gilmer left her job two weeks later, taking expired drug bottles as well as names, phone numbers, and bank account information that she later turned over to the California Board of Medical Quality Assurance. Aided by Gilmer's findings, Stan Love filed unsuccessfully for conservatorship on May 17, 1990.A press conference with Stan at the lectern featured an unexpected appearance from Brian. While reading from a piece of paper, Brian was given a microphone and said: "I have heard of the charges made by Stan Love, and I think they are outrageous, which means they are out of the ballpark ... I feel great." In a later interview from 1991, Brian acknowledged the revision of his will and repeatedly stated, "We might change that". Audree, Carl, Carnie, and Wendy Wilson contested Landy's control of Brian, pursuing legal action on May 7, 1991. Brian responded in an interview, "They probably want control of me, but they will not get it, they will not get it. I say let sleeping dogs lie.If the formula works, don't goof with it. That's one of my major philosophies in life. It's been working." The ruling was finalized on February 3, 1992 when <mask> was barred by court order from contacting Brian, leaving his affairs to the hands of conservator Jerome S. Billet. In December 1992, <mask> was fined $1,000 for violating the court order when he visited Brian in June for his birthday. Landy estimated that, from 1983 to 1991, his fees had cost Wilson approximately $3 million. In 1991, Wilson told reporters that his prescribed medications included Cogentin, Eskalith, Xanax, Navane, and Serentil.Love & Mercy
Landy's treatment of Wilson in the 1980s was dramatized in the 2014 biographical film Love & Mercy, in which <mask> is portrayed by Paul Giamatti. These events are told from the point of view of Wilson's then-girlfriend Melinda Ledbetter. Screenwriter Oren Moverman stated that virtually everything in the 1980s portions was sourced from conversations he had with Ledbetter. He felt that <mask> was the most difficult character to write for, "even though many things that he says in the movie I actually have recording of, in real life he was a cartoon and in real life he was so over the top." Giamatti said he prepared for the role by meeting <mask>'s early career acquaintances and listening to hours of tapes where "he'd just keep talking and talking, in these completely huge paragraphs. They were brilliant-sounding, but if you dug into them they didn't make much sense." <mask>'s son Evan disputed the film's accuracy, believing that his father was unfairly portrayed.Mike Love commented that Evan's account was "very interesting because you get an intimate look at someone who was with Brian every day for a few years." Although he had not watched the film, he also said that it overstated Ledbetter's role in stopping the treatment. Both Brian Wilson and Melinda Ledbetter have attested to the accuracy of the film's portrayal of <mask>, with Brian Wilson stating "[Giamatti] was very scary as Landy — he even got his voice right." Ledbetter said: "After I first saw the film, I had to just drive around for a couple of hours to clear my head, then I remembered that what Landy did to Brian was even worse. You don't get a sense of it in the movie, but it happened on a daily basis, for years." Personal life and death

<mask>'s first three marriages ended in divorce. Obituarist Margalit Fox of The New York Times identified longtime domestic partner Alexandra Morgan as his fourth wife and survivor.He had at least one son, Evan (born 1961/1962), from his second marriage. After the 1990s, <mask> continued a psychotherapeutic practice with licensure in New Mexico and Hawaii up until his death. He died, aged 71, on March 22, 2006 in Honolulu, Hawaii, of pneumonia while suffering from lung cancer. Legacy

In 1995, music producer Don Was commented that Wilson was "so different from his public image as a drug burnout or of someone catatonic and propped up by a greedy psychologist. ... I knew <mask>. I was around for the tail end of it, and I saw some gray in there; he wasn't just this evil guy who took over Brian."Mike Love said in a 2004 interview, "He was very tough and egregious and scandalously expensive with Brian's money. But I have to give credit for saving Brian's life. ... He was the only guy we knew who could handle Brian because Brian was a monumental case." When asked what his reaction to <mask>'s death had been, Wilson responded: "I was devastated." Wilson's daughter Carnie quoted her father saying, "Dr. <mask> died today. I know a lot of people didn't like him, but I loved him."In 2015, Wilson reflected, "I thought he was my friend, but he was a very fucked-up man," and also, "I still feel that there was benefit. I try to overlook the bad stuff, and be thankful for what he taught me." References
Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

1934 births
2006 deaths
American psychologists
American psychotherapists
American psychology writers
American male non-fiction writers
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Hawaii
California State University, Los Angeles alumni
California State University, Northridge faculty
Los Angeles City College alumni
Writers from Pittsburgh
University of Oklahoma alumni
People with dyslexia
Deaths from pneumonia in Hawaii
20th-century psychologists
Music controversies
20th-century American male

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<mask> (born June 22, 1988) is an American-born naturalized Georgian professional basketball player for Kawasaki Brave Thunders of the B.League. He is a  tall shooting guard that played college basketball for Northeastern University. High school career
A combo guard, <mask> attended Watertown-Mayer High School, where he averaged a Metro-high 31.8 points per game and 8.4 rebounds, earning All-Conference honors three times, a two-time All-Area award and was a two-time team MVP. College career
After high school, Janning played college basketball with the Northeastern University Huskies. He was proclaimed as one of Northeastern University's most prolific scorers of the program after ending as the program's fourth all-time leading scorer with 1,836 points. He was a three-time All-CAA performer, including first-team honors in 2009 and 2010. Professional career
After going undrafted in the 2010 NBA draft, Janning played with the Boston Celtics in the Orlando Summer League and later for the Phoenix Suns in the Las Vegas Summer League.On August 4, 2010, he signed a multi-year contract with the Phoenix Suns. On November 16, he was released by the Phoenix Suns before appearing in a game for them. On December 1, he was signed by the Maine Red Claws, after they released Jordan Eglseder, due to injury. On January 20, he was traded to the Rio Grande Valley Vipers, in exchange for Antonio Anderson. He led the Rio Grande Valley Vipers to the NBDL Finals, averaging 11 points per game. On July 16, he signed a 1-year contract for $120,000 with Novipiù Casale Monferrato of the Lega Basket Serie A. In his first Italian League season, he averaged 12.6 points, 3.6 rebounds, and 1.7 assists per game, while shooting 41% from 2-point range, 38% from 3-point range, and 70% from the free throw stripe.<mask> then played with the Indiana Pacers in the Orlando Summer League, and later for the Memphis Grizzlies, in the Las Vegas Summer League, during the 2012 summer. <mask> then signed with the reigning Italian League champions, Montepaschi Siena, in August 2012. He made the Lega Basket Serie A BEKO All-Star team. In his 2nd Italian League season he is averaging 7.1 points, 2.3 rebounds, and 1.0 assists per game, while shooting 48% from 2-point range, 31% from 3-point range, and 87% from the free throw stripe. On August 4, 2013 it was announced that <mask> signed for Croatian champions Cibona Zagreb. He was released in December 2013, due to financial problems of the club. On January 3, 2014, he signed with his former club Montepaschi Siena for the rest of the season.On July 10, 2014, he signed a 1+1 contract with the Turkish team Anadolu Efes. On September 28, 2015, <mask> signed with the Denver Nuggets. However, he was later waived by the Nuggets on October 15 in order for him to sign with Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli Basketball Premier League. On February 7, 2016, he parted ways with Hapoel Jerusalem. Two days later, he signed a deal with Lokomotiv Kuban until the end of the 2016–17 season. On September 15, 2017, <mask> signed a two-month deal with Baskonia of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague to replace the injured Jordan McRae. He finally extended his contract for the whole season on November 17.On July 6, 2018, Janning re-signed a one-year deal with Baskonia of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague. On July 7, 2020, <mask> was officially released from the Spanish club. On December 23, 2020, he has signed with Baxi Manresa of the Liga ACB. On June 30, 2021, Janning with Kawasaki Brave Thunders of the B.League for the 2021–22 season. Georgia national team
On September 4, 2018, Janning got a Georgian passport, becoming a member of the Georgia national basketball team for the 2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup qualification games. On September 13, 2018, he made his first appearance for the Georgian team in an 85–80 win over Israel, recording 15 points, three rebounds and three assists. <mask> at eurobasket.com
 <mask> at euroleague.net
 <mask> at fiba.com
 <mask> at legabasket.it
 <mask> at rivals.com

1988 births
Living people
ABA League players
American expatriate basketball people in Croatia
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Spain
American men's basketball players
Anadolu Efes S.K.players
A.S. Junior Pallacanestro Casale players
Basketball players from Minnesota
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
KK Cibona players
Liga ACB players
Maine Red Claws players
Men's basketball players from Georgia (country)
Mens Sana Basket players
Northeastern Huskies men's basketball players
PBC Lokomotiv-Kuban players
People from Watertown, Minnesota
Point guards
Rio Grande Valley Vipers players
Saski Baskonia players
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area

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Matt Janning


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<mask> (born 29 September 1958 in Luton, England) is an English musician, best known as the lead singer and bassist of Asia from 1991 to 2006, then from June 2007, with Asia featuring <mask>. He also is now in Dukes of the Orient but continues to tour with The Rock Pack and also Asia Featuring <mask>. <mask> became the frontman of Asia in 1991 at the invitation of founder member Geoff Downes, replacing vocalist/bassist <mask>. During <mask>'s tenure, Asia released eight studio albums, several live albums and toured internationally. He is a founding and current member of modern progressive rock band GPS. He is also a guitarist, photographer, composer, recording engineer and record producer. Until recently, <mask> was co-creator and part of the Las Vegas production Raiding the Rock Vault at the Las Vegas Hotel.Biography
His first band were called Moonstone. They toured the UK in the late seventies, opening for well-known groups such as Argent. In 1986, he recorded a silver selling record with the band CCCP in Scandinavia. CCCP was a group that featured <mask> on lead vocals with <mask>'s stepdaughter Carlene Carter sharing vocal duties. He provided backing vocals on several solo albums by Roger Daltrey, including Under a Raging Moon (1985) and Can't Wait to See the Movie (1987). Back in England, he and keyboardist Andy Nye (from the Michael Schenker Group) formed The Passion, enlisting the services of drummer Clive Burr (Iron Maiden), bassist Mel Gabbitas and the ex-Mike Oldfield guitarist Ant Glynne. <mask> was considered for a position in ELO Part II on guitar and vocals.For a year prior to joining Asia in 1991, he was chosen to replace Jeff Lynne as the lead vocalist in ELO, later to be named ELO Part II, but left because of protracted negotiations over the name. Asia
After the departure of <mask>, Geoff Downes invited <mask> to join the band as lead singer, bassist, co-writer and co-producer. <mask> and Geoff Downes continued together as Asia for 15 years, with several line-ups around them, until they stuck with Guthrie Govan (guitar) and Chris Slade (drums) in 1999. This line-up persisted through 2005, when Slade departed to be replaced by Jay Schellen. Asia featuring <mask>
In 2009, Govan was replaced by Mitch Perry and North American touring has continued through 2010. Work began on a studio album, originally called Architect of Time, but this would eventually be released under the new band name of Dukes of the Orient. A live album Extended Versions by Asia featuring <mask>, was released in fall 2007, drawn from a December 2005 live show in Sweden with Downes, Schellen, <mask> and Govan.An EP entitled Military Man was released with re-recordings of Payne-era Asia tracks: "Military Man" and "Long Way from Home", plus an Erik Norlander solo composition, "Neurosaur". Tracks were performed by Govan, <mask>, Norlander and Schellen. In 2014, a CD entitled Recollections was released, a cover album of UK progressive rock songs. As well as producer, vocalist and bassist, <mask> played most of the keyboards and some guitars. He was joined by Moni Scaria, Jeff Kollman and Jay Schellen. The video for the first single "Eye in the Sky" was shot in Vegas and includes an appearance from Alan Parsons. Dukes of the Orient
Around 2017, <mask> and Norlander reunited to form the group Dukes of the Orient as a new band name for the material that had been 10 years in the making as an Asia Featuring <mask> project.Their self-titled debut was released in February 2018 via Frontier Records, featuring Scaria and Kollman on guitars from Asia Featuring <mask>, plus former members Bouillet, Govan (guitar) and Schellen (drums). The album features the former single, "Seasons Will Change," originally released by Asia Featuring <mask> in 2012. Following the death of singer <mask> and for clarity with the Downes-led Asia, <mask> and Norlander decided these recordings should be as a new band. Their second album, Freakshow, was released on 7 August 2020. TV, film and stage
In 2007, <mask> played the part of Parson Nathaniel in the touring production of Jeff Wayne's Musical Version of The War of the Worlds. In 2016,  <mask> began composition of original work for Steve Gustafson. This work is in support to Gustafson's creation, via his Experience Based Learning zipline business, of an independent Reality TV show surrounding the zip line adventure tourism market entitled Zip Away!The Rock Pack
In January 2014, <mask> created the touring show "The Rock Pack". In this show <mask> interviews iconic rock singers from major classic rock bands and performs their hits with them. It included vocalists past and present from such bands as Foreigner, Cheap Trick, Journey, Santana, Toto, Kansas and The Tubes. Mixing and mastering. "The Mystic Technocracy" and "Loving the Alien" (a David Bowie cover), part of The Mystic Technocracy – Season 1: The Age of Ignorance album by Docker's Guild (2012)
 "Lucky No. 7" – album by Ted Wulfers (2012). Backing Vocals on "Jade In My Pocket" and "Stars."References

External links
Official Asia featuring <mask> website
Dukes of the Orient official web page
Roswell Six official web page

English bass guitarists
English male guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English male singers
English rock singers
Asia (band) members
English expatriates in the United States
Living people
1958 births
People from Luton

masks:
John Payne
John Payne
John Payne
John Payne
John Wetton
Payne
Payne
John
Johnny Cash
Payne
John Wetton
Payne
Payne
John Payne
John Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
John Payne
John Payne
John Payne
John Wetton
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
John Payne


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<mask> (born <mask>; 6 July 1924 – 8 August 1994) was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. Initially analyzed by Jacques Lacan, he 'became the first French "Lacanian"'. Subsequently, he developed into 'one of the most respected and distinguished of all French analysts'. <mask> was born in 1924 in Strasbourg under the name Liebschutz, his family changing their name in wartime to escape persecution. Initially interested in Eastern philosophy, he then turned to psychoanalysis, and studied medicine and psychiatry in Paris (where he met Wladimir Granoff). He successfully defended his medical dissertation in 1957. Psychoanalytic politics
At the start of the fifties, Lacan 'was beginning to gather round him the most brilliant members of the third generation of French psychoanalysis.Among them were the musketeers of the future troika: <mask>, Wladimir Granoff, and Francois Perrier'. All three followed Lacan into the Societe Francaise de Psychanalyse during the 1953 split. There <mask> 'was made an associate member in 1954 and served as secretary from 1957 to 1962. He became president of the society in 1963, the year of the second split of the French psychoanalytic groups'. He was also, between 1961 and 1965, a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA). Leclaire believed passionately that 'any break between Lacan and the IPA would be a calamity at once for Freudianism in France, for Lacan, and for the IPA', and worked tirelessly to prevent one on Lacan's behalf. He was ultimately unsuccessful, and indeed Lacan, despite the way 'Leclaire kept him informed of every important development' eventually 'accused Leclaire of betraying him'.Notwithstanding, Leclaire followed Lacan into the Ecole Freudienne de Paris, founded in 1964, but continued to work on the unification of French psychoanalysis. In 1969, Leclaire was the originator of the first Department of Psychoanalysis at the University of Paris VIII (Vincennes), a project first opposed and then taken over by Lacan. After the latter's death, and the disintegration of the Lacanian movement, '<mask>e had refused to found a school; he wanted to give the younger generation a chance. But ten years later he made a great come-back on the French psychoanalytic scene' in an attempt to reunify the fragmented Lacanians. '"His initiative triggered things off. To begin with, everyone was against the founding of an order...But his analysis of the situation was accurate"'. 'Because of his unique position and his intellectual openness, he was able to maintain friendly relations with numerous colleagues from different schools in spite of splits and divisions'.Writings
In the fifties, Leclaire's writings might at times come close to the parody-picture whereby 'Lacanians mirror the master...a Lacanian ventriloquist's dummy' On fantasy, '<mask>e, who is summarizing Lacan's thinking on the fantasm in the late 1950s, points out that the fantasm is at the heart of the dream' in orthodox Lacanian fashion. Similarly orthodox is his 1959 study of the obsessional "Philo", where he stresses that 'the psychoanalysts must...introduce a cleavage between demand and desire, between the world of the law and that of the dream'; and, on the role of the father, that 'this third person, the father, appears especially as a being to whom one refers (to honor or to scorn)...as to a law'. still very much the good pupil. Lacan indeed referred 'to what my pupil Leclaire contributed, at the Congres de Bonneval, by way of an application of my theses....'Leclaire's work illustrates particularly well the crossing of significant interpretation towards signifying non-sense...thus enabling him to introduce into his sequence a whole chain in which his desire is animated'. In his subsequent book Psychoanalyzing, Leclaire 'emphasizes that he interprets the desire to drink not physically but psychically' in the unicorn dream: '"Li" is the signifier that leads from "Lili" to "lolo" to "licorne" [unicorn]...these puns extend from infantile oral desire to adult genital desire'. Similarly centred on the signifier is his work on erotogenicity. 'The erotogenic body, he proposes, is a symbolic or represented body': 'erogeneity depends closely on the "sexual value" projected onto the child's body by another'.By the start of the seventies, however, Lacan was increasingly turning from his old doctrines of the signifier and the Symbolic, in favour of new mathematical formulations, and 'despite many attempts, especially by <mask>e, to maintain links between the majority of clinicians in the EFP' and the new approach, a gulf with his old master inevitably loomed. Indeed, by 1975 Leclaire concluded publicly 'that whilst the mathemes might have a certain pedagogic utility, they were basically no more than "graffiti"'. As 'Lacan had a hard time tolerating the autonomy of his pupils', not least with '<mask>e, the most senior of the group', despite the latter's continuing personal loyalty, the two men inevitably drifted apart. It is then perhaps not surprising that much of Leclaire's later work addresses questions of autonomy and its stages - 'The goal of the analysis does, as <mask>e used to say, depend on our ability to speak in the first person...but only after we have spoken in the third person' - and of the problems of finding a distinctive voice. In A Child is Being Killed, he argued that 'in order to achieve full selfhood we must all repeatedly and endlessly kill the phantasmatic image of ourselves installed in us by our parents..."primary narcissism", a projection of the child our parents wanted'. See also
 Julia Kristeva
 Daniel Lagache
 Lacanian movement
 Psychoanalytic theory
 True self and false self

References

Further reading
<mask>, The Land of the Other (1991)
Alain de Mijolla, "Splits in the French psychoanalytic movement between 1953 and 1964", in R. Steiner/J. Johns eds., Within Time and Between Time (London 2001)

External links
 Serge Leclaire (1924-1994)

French psychologists
French psychoanalysts
1994 deaths
Analysands of Jacques Lacan
1924 births
People from Strasbourg
20th-century psychologists
Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis faculty

masks:
Serge Leclaire
Serge Liebschutz
Career Leclaire
Serge Leclaire
Leclaire
Serge Leclair
Serge Leclair
Serge Leclair
Serge Leclair
Serge Leclair
Serge Leclair


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<mask>. (May 20, 1936 – August 1, 2006) was an American jazz musician known primarily as the first jazz musician to adopt the Great Highland bagpipe as his primary instrument. Biography

Although born near Raleigh, North Carolina, at an early age <mask> moved with his mother to a poor neighborhood in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He began playing the C melody saxophone at age 12 and also played trumpet. At the age of 22, he began studying saxophone, flute, oboe, and clarinet with Dennis Sandole (1913–2000), an Italian American jazz guitarist who taught several jazz musicians in Philadelphia. <mask> became inspired to learn the bagpipe after seeing the Black Watch perform in John F. Kennedy's funeral procession in November 1963. Then a maintenance worker for Philadelphia's housing authority, <mask> began searching the city for a set of bagpipes. Failing to find one, he traveled to New York City, where he found a set in a pawn shop.He purchased the instrument for US$120, quickly adapting it to the idioms of jazz, blues, and funk. On several occasions, when a neighbor called the police to complain about <mask>'s practicing in his home, he would quickly put away his bagpipes and feign ignorance, asking the officers, "Do I look like I'm Irish or Scottish to you?" He eventually acquired a better set of bagpipes, which cost him a little over US$1,000. <mask> made his bagpipe performance debut in 1964. From 1965 to 1970 he released four recordings as leader on the Atlantic label (all produced by Joel Dorn, an early supporter), also recording as a sideman with Herbie Mann, Sonny Stitt, and Sonny Rollins in the 1960s and 1970s. He later recorded with Laurie Anderson (appearing on her 1982 album Big Science) and The Roots (on their 1995 album Do You Want More?!!!??! ), the latter coming about due to a 1994 appearance on The Arsenio Hall Show.In addition to bagpipes, on these albums he also occasionally played tenor saxophone, flute, or electric soprano saxophone. <mask> often wore Scottish garb, including a kilt, in conjunction with a Viking-style horned helmet. After seeing him perform on television, a Scottish family gave him his tartan, the MacLeod tartan, which he wore for the rest of his life. His bagpipe technique was somewhat unorthodox in that he placed the drones over his right shoulder rather than his left. He favored the key of B-flat minor. <mask> lived for much of his life in the Germantown neighborhood of Northwest Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and frequently gave presentations in Philadelphia-area public schools. During his frequent overseas performance tours, he carried and distributed miniature replicas of the Liberty Bell, the symbol of his hometown, as well as American flags and copies of the U.S. Constitution.He appeared on a number of television programs, including What's My Line?, To Tell the Truth (March 22, 1965 and again c. 2000), I've Got a Secret (October 17, 1966), and The Arsenio Hall Show. He also had a small role in Francis Ford Coppola's 1966 comedy film You're a Big Boy Now, as well as Eddie and the Cruisers (1983). In addition to his performing career, he worked for the Philadelphia Housing Authority for many years. In 1998 the CD album Brotherly Love was released, on the Tartan Pride label, alongside the book The Jazzish Bagpiper, a photo anthology and conversations with <mask>, by Charles A. Powell, the first to compliment <mask>'s contributions to American music with Celtic bagpipes. Writing in the sleeve notes for the album, Ralph Stevenson Jr., <mask>'s executive producer, noted:
<mask> resides in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania home of the Liberty Bell. <mask>, musical ambassador of the City of Brotherly love, has been received and embraced by tribal leaders, heads of state and many notables from around the world.His message of peace and love is blended in this CD collaboration and led by his dues paid, musical labor of sax and bagpipes. His career included performances with many major figures including John Coltrane, Dizzy Gillespie and Dexter Gordon

<mask> died of prostate cancer at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia on August 1, 2006. A posthumous retrospective on Rhino Handmade, Courage: The Atlantic Recordings, was released in November 2006 as a 3,000-copy limited edition and contains all the tracks from his four Atlantic LPs, plus an unreleased track of Pete Seeger and Joe Hickerson's composition Where Have All the Flowers Gone? recorded in 1969. Discography

As leader
 1965 Bagpipe Blues (Atlantic)
 1966 Scotch & Soul (Atlantic)
 1968 A Tribute to Courage (Atlantic)
 1970 King/Queens (Atlantic)
 1972 Re-Creation of the Gods (Ankh)
 1998 Brotherly Love (Tartan Pride)
 2000 The Pied Piper of Jazz (compilation of Atlantic tracks, 1965–70)
 2005 Sustain (Discograph)
 2007 <mask> with Georges Arvanitas Trio – From Philadelphia to Paris (Blue Cat Music)
 2009 Re-Creation of the Gods (Transparency)
 2009 Bagpipes of the World (Transparency)
 2006 Courage: The Atlantic Recordings (Rhino Handmade limited edition of 3,000 copies)

As sideman
With Laurie Anderson
1982 Big Science (bagpipe on "Sweaters")

With Herbie Mann
1967 The Wailing Dervishes (on "Flute Bag")

With Sonny Rollins
1974 The Cutting Edge (on "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot")

With The Roots:
1995 Do You Want More?!!!??! With Sonny Stitt
1966 Deuces Wild (Atlantic)

Films
2008 Pipes of Peace: <mask> (DVD)

See also
List of nontraditional bagpipe usage

References

External links
Rufus Harley biography from Hip Wax
Pipes of Peace, Rufus Harley documentary

1936 births
2006 deaths
Jazz musicians from North Carolina
Musicians from Raleigh, North Carolina
20th-century American musicians
20th-century saxophonists
African-American saxophonists
American jazz musicians
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Deaths from cancer in Pennsylvania
Deaths from prostate cancer
Great Highland bagpipe players
American male jazz musicians
20th-century American male musicians

masks:
Rufus Harley Jr
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Rufus Harley
Harley
Harley
Rufus Harley
Rufus Harley


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<mask> (born 6 July 1988) is an Australian road cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Women's WorldTeam . In November 2015 she was announced as part of the  team's inaugural squad for the 2016 season. <mask> qualified for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics and finished 26th in the Women's Road Race. Career

Road

Junior career
Starting in 2002, after being identified by the South Australian sports institute talent identification program, <mask> began her cycling career. Cycling was not the first sport <mask> picked up, having done ballet, running, triathlons and basketball beforehand, the last of which she had family ties to. Despite an interest in pursuing basketball as a career before cycling, <mask> admits her height 'always let [her] down'. Initially, <mask> disliked cycling, citing that she was 'Tiny and one of the worst in [her] group' on the track, but soon discovered her love for the sport when she placed third in her first road race in the state championships.After several podiums in junior Oceania games, one of <mask>'s first international wins came in 2008 at the Sea Otter Classic in California, having made a solo attack in the last few laps despite a  wind. She then went on to win the race the following year by winning solo again. Senior career
<mask> joined her first European based team in 2010 with the  after a contract with another team fell through. Due to communication issues, both team and rider decided to part ways in the middle of 2011. <mask> then rode for the  team until the end of the season. In 2012 <mask> joined the Australian team . Here, she picked up some of her major wins.One of which was a win in stage 5 of the Giro d'Italia Femminile. In the stage, <mask> attacked with over  to go and ended the stage with an eight-and-a-half minute advantage over the competition and at one point was virtually in the race leader's jersey. With , <mask> also picked up her first major one day event win at the 2013 Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, with <mask> winning in a sprint against Megan Guarnier to claim her first spring classics victory. For 2014, <mask> joined . She recorded several stage podiums in the 2014 Tour Cycliste Féminin International de l'Ardèche and finished second in the mountains classification. <mask> represented Australia at the Commonwealth Games, losing out on a bronze medal in the road race in a two-up sprint with South Africa's Ashleigh Moolman. The following year, she finished third in stage 1 of the Giro d'Italia Femminile.After  folded at the end of the 2015 season, <mask> joined  for the 2016 season; <mask> finished third at Omloop Het Nieuwsblad, and won stage four of the Giro d'Italia Femminile. The following year, she won stage one of the Thüringen Rundfahrt der Frauen. In 2018, <mask> was again selected to represent Australia at the Commonwealth Games, where, as road captain, she was part of the team that supported Chloe Hosking to the gold medal. On 19 May 2021, it was announced that <mask> was included within the Australian road cycling team for the delayed Tokyo Olympics, marking her Olympic debut. In a tough and humid road course, <mask> finished as the best placed Australian in 26th place, almost three minutes seconds behind race winner Anna Kiesenhofer of Austria. On 27 October 2021, it was announced <mask> would remain as part of the Canyon-SRAM team for a further two years, continuing her mixed program of road and gravel racing through until the end of 2023. Gravel
<mask>'s first participation in a gravel event was in August 2019 where she, along with  teammate Ella Harris, lined up in the Steamboat Springs gravel event (SBT GRVL) in Colorado, four days before the Colorado classic road cycling tour.<mask> completed the blue course in second behind Harris with a time of five hours and six minutes. In 2020, when <mask> renewed her contract with , it was announced she would be competing in a mixed program which would include gravel racing. This program was due to start in June 2021 but due to her selection at the Olympics this was postponed to August 2021. To commence her four-race-long gravel calendar in 2021, <mask> participated in her second SBT GRVL on 15 August. For her return, <mask> competed in the longer  black course and finished 8th in her group, in a time of 7 hours, 32 minutes and 45 seconds. Six days later, she competed in the North Carolina Belgian Waffle Ride (BWR) hosted in Asheville. <mask> completed the  "waffle" course in 5 hours, 30 minutes and 42 seconds, recording a third-place finish.<mask>'s third gravel race of the year was due to be the three-day event hosted by Gravel Epic in Marrakesh on the 7–9 October. However, due to complications caused by the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic, this was postponed to spring 2022. The final gravel race of 2021 was held on October 31 and was the  Belgian waffle ride hosted in Lawrence, Kansas. In the race, <mask>, along with Flávia Oliveira and Hannah Shell, made an early breakaway within the first 10 miles. With around a fifth of the race completed, Shell was dropped by the leading pair and Oliveira made a solo attack at mile 22, leaving <mask> solo and second on the road. Despite this, not long after, <mask> caught up to Oliveira and passed her for the lead of the race and competed solo for the remaining miles to secure her first win in gravel racing by almost ten minutes ahead of second place. Personal life
Since February 2020, <mask> has been in a relationship with Finnish Formula One (F1) driver Valtteri Bottas.

masks:
Tiffany Jane Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell
Cromwell


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<mask> (born 10 November 1974) is an Australian comedian, actor, writer, director, producer, and musician. He is known for his creation and portrayal of several fictional characters in the mockumentary television series We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year (2005), Summer Heights High (2007), Angry Boys (2011), Ja'mie: Private School Girl (2013), Jonah from Tonga (2014), and the web series Lunatics (2019). He is a two-time winner of the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor. Early life
<mask> was born in Turramurra, on Sydney's Upper North Shore, and was the youngest of four siblings. He was raised in Turramurra and attended Pymble Public School. He later studied at Barker College, and obtained a Bachelor of Arts (majoring in Contemporary Music) with a Diploma of Education from Macquarie University in Sydney, when he graduated in 1997. He began his career in his twenties as a stand-up comedian while also working as a childcare worker at Turramurra North Public School and a shop assistant.Career

In 2003, <mask> made his debut in Big Bite, a Seven Network comedy programme, in which he portrayed extreme sports enthusiast Extreme Darren and the high-school drama teacher Mr G, a character that he continued in Summer Heights High. Big Bite was nominated for Best Television Comedy Series at the 2003 Australian Film Institute Awards, marking the first time a comedy programme from a commercial television network had ever been nominated at the Australian Film Institute Awards. It did not win. The producers co-credited Lilley; however, the show lasted only one series before being spun off into a comedy/variety programme. <mask> was a recurring guest on the programme, but it was cancelled after only a few episodes. <mask> appeared in the film satire Ned, based on the Australian outlaw Ned Kelly. He appeared as the "MSN Butterfly" in a series of television advertisements and Cinema for MSN.He has also appeared on the Hamish & Andy radio show. In 2015, Lilley was the main actor for The Stafford Brothers, Rick Ross and Jay Sean's "When You Feel This" music video. We Can Be Heroes

After the cancellation of Big Bite, Lilley created We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year, a six-part series on the ABC, in which he portrayed various characters nominated for the Australian of the Year Award. The series was co-written with Ryan Shelton. Lilley portrayed several characters in the series: Phil Olivetti, a self-obsessed police officer; Ricky Wong, a Chinese Australian university physics student from Melbourne; Pat Mullins, a 47-year-old housewife with a dream to roll on her side from Perth, Western Australia to Uluru, Northern Territory; Daniel Sims, a teenage boy who donates an eardrum to his deaf twin brother, Nathan (both Daniel and Nathan later appeared in "Angry Boys"); and Ja'mie King, a narcissistic girl attending a private high school in Sydney (Ja'mie later appeared in "Summer Heights High" and "Ja'mie: Private School Girl"). Lilley was nominated for Best Comedy Series and Best Lead Actor in Television at the 2006 Australian Film Institute Awards, and won the Best New Talent and Most Outstanding Comedy Program awards at the Logie Awards of 2006. He also received a Rose d'Or award in Switzerland for Best Male Comedy Performance.Following the series' success, it was sold to other countries under the new name The Nominees. Summer Heights High

Lilley's second mockumentary series, Summer Heights High, aired on ABC TV in 2007. In the series, Lilley played the series' three main characters at a public school: Ja'mie King, Mr G and Jonah Takalua. In March 2008, Lilley released a single, "Naughty Girl", based on the series, and performed in character as drama teacher Mr G.

At the 2008 Logie Awards he was nominated for four awards including Most Outstanding Actor and Gold Logie for Most Popular Personality on Television, and won the Silver Logie for Most Popular Actor and the Logie Award for Most Outstanding Comedy Program. The series was sold to the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Lilley embarked on a promotional tour of the United States in October 2008 to promote the U.S. broadcast of the series, which began airing on HBO on 9 November 2008. The BBC began showing the programme on BBC Three in June 2008.When asked whether there would be a second series, Lilley stated, "I never thought about it in the beginning because it was always a one-off thing. I'm not into just cashing in and rolling off into a second series that is not as good. I really enjoyed making the show, so the thought of writing and going back there again is really fun and exciting, but I haven't made a decision on what to do next." The characters from the show have gathered attention and praise from popular celebrities including Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Lindsay Lohan, Ed Sheeran and Kylie Jenner. Angry Boys

Angry Boys, Lilley's third mockumentary series, aired on ABC in Australia and BBC in the UK in 2011, and HBO in the US in 2012. The 12-part comedy series features six vastly different new characters played by Lilley. The show introduces S.mouse!, a US rapper; Jen Okazaki, manipulative Japanese mother; Blake Oakfield, a champion surfer; Ruth "Gran" Sims, a guard at a juvenile detention facility; and her grandchildren, South Australian twins Daniel and Nathan Sims (who also featured in We Can Be Heroes).Lilley won the inaugural AACTA Award in 2012 for Best Comedy Performance in Television for Angry Boys. Ja'mie: Private School Girl

Ja'mie: Private School Girl, which aired in 2013, is a six-part half-hour comedy series. It was produced by Melbourne-based production company Princess Pictures and <mask>, and was a co-production between the ABC in Australia and HBO in the US. It was pre-sold to BBC Three in the UK. On 8 September 2013, Lilley revealed that the returning character to the series was Ja'mie King, from We Can Be Heroes and Summer Heights High; he also revealed the title of the show. Lilley won the 2014 Silver Logie for Most Popular Actor for his performance in Ja'mie: Private School Girl. Jonah from Tonga

On 26 November 2013, <mask> confirmed that he would be reviving Jonah Takalua for a new show in 2014, titled Jonah From Tonga.Jonah had been introduced in <mask>'s 2007 series Summer Heights High. At the conclusion of that series, Jonah was expelled from Summer Heights High School. In the new series, his father, Rocky Takalua, has sent him back to his homeland of Tonga to live with his uncle and their family in order to get Jonah's life back on track. The six-part series was produced by Princess Pictures and <mask>y in conjunction with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. The show was originally posted online on the ABC iView service, available for viewing by Australian residents, and on BBC iPlayer in the United Kingdom, from 2–4 May 2014, before airing on ABC1 from 7 May 2014 and BBC Three from 8 May 2014. In New Zealand Māori Television screened the first episode on 29 July 2017, but then withdrew later episodes. Lunatics

In March 2018, it was announced that <mask> had been signed by Netflix to create a 10-part series, with the titular character not yet disclosed.Filming began at the Bond University campus on the Gold Coast, Queensland. On 10 April 2019, a trailer surfaced online showing a number of new characters. The show is called Lunatics and features a group of eccentric characters with different talents or oddities. Alongside the series order announcement, it was confirmed that <mask> would star in the lead role. Lunatics was released on 19 April 2019 exclusively on Netflix. Lunatics features six different characters, all played by Lilley, which include fashion retailer Keith Dick; estate agent Quentin Cook; 7-foot college student Becky Douglas; 12-year-old Gavin McGregor, who is an heir to an earldom; ex-pornstar Joyce Jeffries; and South African Jana Melhoopen-Jonks, a celebrity pet psychic who is also a lesbian. Lilley collaborated with The Jonas Brothers and Paris Hilton with his Lunatics characters Keith Dick and Jana Melhoopen-Jonks.Personal life
<mask> has been vegetarian since the age of five. He dated Milly Gattegno from The Faders DJ from 2014 to 2016. <mask> currently resides in Bondi, Sydney, New South Wales. Controversies
Lilley's series Summer Heights High gained significant controversy, criticism and media scrutiny for its portrayal of such issues as mental disabilities, homosexuality, sexual abuse, and racism. Even before the series aired, some community groups complained about a "rape joke" and Mr G's inappropriate "touching" of a boy with Down syndrome. The Herald Sun reported that parents and some teachers have considered the possibility that the show is influencing children to misbehave at school. Students were reportedly imitating Jonah and Ja'mie, repeating lines that were bullying, racist, and homophobic.Education Union branch president Mary Bluett stated in response that the show was "clearly tongue-in-cheek". After episode three, in which a character called Annabel dies after taking ecstasy, the family of Annabel Catt, a girl who died taking drugs at the 2007 Good Vibrations Festival in Sydney, complained that the program had been lampooning Annabel's death. ABC apologised to the family, stating that the situation was purely coincidental and assured them that the filming of the episode in question had been completed eleven days before her daughter's death. ABC thereafter began to display a message before each episode stating that there is no link between the series' characters and people in real life. On 29 July 2017, Lilley was the subject of criticism after posting a remix on his Instagram account of a music clip entitled "Squashed Nigga", starring the character S.mouse from Lilley's 2011 TV show, Angry Boys. The music video featured an indigenous boy lying on the ground with his arms splayed. On 24 July 2017, the court case based on the death of Elijah Doughty had ended in controversy and was the subject of pro-Aboriginal protests.Just like the real case, Lilley's music video described an Aboriginal boy being run over and killed. It was reported that many who criticised Lilley's inopportune timing were blocked from his Twitter account, with Lilley later deleting his social media accounts. Lilley's series Jonah from Tonga was called "racist" and resulted in protests from academics and Tongan youth concerned at the inaccurate and demeaning portrayals of Tongan culture. The show received criticism for Lilley’s imitation of a person of colour, which was dubbed by certain media commentators as “brownface”, an act they have compared to blackface minstrel shows of the 19th century and early 20th century. The creators of the 2004 ABC TV documentary series Our Boys stated that Lilley drew inspiration for the Jonah character from their work. The subject of Our Boys recalled being "absolutely embarrassed, full of hate, angry and exploited" by the "racist" Jonah character that was based on him. The series' director, as well as a teacher at Canterbury Boys High School also felt that the character "exploited" the Tongan students who Lilley had met while visiting the school after seeing Our Boys on television in 2004.Many major US civil rights organisations wrote to HBO expressing their "deep concern" over Jonah From Tonga. These included the NAACP, National Hispanic Media Coalition, American Indians in Film/TV, Empowering Pacific Islander Communities and The Asian Pacific American Media Coalition (which itself includes the Asian American Justice Center, Asian Pacific American Advocates, Japanese American Citizens League, Media Action Network for Asian Americans, National Federation of Filipino American Associations, and more). In 2019, <mask> was again accused of blackface by journalists for his Lunatics character Jana Melhoopen-Jonks, a South African woman. This accusation was later acknowledged to have been unfounded, as this character is "clearly white." Following the 2020 Black Lives Matter protests, BBC iPlayer removed Jonah from Tonga from its online streaming service. On 11 June 2020, Netflix confirmed it had removed four of Lilley's series from its streaming service, also in response to the Black Lives Matter protests and movement. In the weeks following these events, Lilley posted multiple videos of content involving the Jonah character to his YouTube channel.In Lilley's defence, Australian media outlet Sky News presenter Rowan Dean accused the censorship of Lilley's series (as well as other notable programs such as Little Britain) as being political correctness. Filmography

 The Monday Dump (2001)
 Young Lions (2002)
 Ned (2003)
 Big Bite (2003–2004)
 Hamish & Andy (2004)
 We Can Be Heroes: Finding The Australian of the Year (2005)
The Panel (2005)
 Summer Heights High (2007)
The 50th Annual TV Week Logie Awards (2008)
The Spearman Experiment (2009)
 Angry Boys (2011)
 Ja'mie: Private School Girl (2013)
 Jonah from Tonga (2014)
 Stop Laughing...This Is Serious (2015)
 Lunatics (2019)

Discography

Singles
 "Naughty Girl" (2007, ABC Records) (Mr G)
 "Slap My Elbow" (2011, ABC Records) (S.mouse)
 "Squashed Nigga" (2012, ABC Records) (S.mouse)
 "Learning To Be Me" (2013, ABC Records) (Ja'mie King)

Albums

 Summer Heights High Official TV Series Soundtrack (2007, ABC Records)
 Angry Boys Soundtrack (2012, ABC Records)
 <mask>y Theme Songs (2014, ABC Records)
Lunatics Soundtrack (2019, ABC Records)

Podcasts

 Ja'miezing (2021) (as Ja'mie King)
Jana's Yard (2020) (as Jana Melhoopen-Jonks)

Awards and nominations

|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | Logie Awards
|-

|-
! colspan="3" style="background: #DAA520;" | Rose d'Or
|-

References

External links
<mask> Lilley official website
<mask> Lilley official Facebook fan page
<mask> Lilley official Twitter
<mask> Lilley official Soundcloud

1974 births
Australian stand-up comedians
Australian male comedians
Australian male television actors
Australian television writers
ARIA Award winners
People educated at Barker College
Macquarie University alumni
People from Sydney
Living people
Male television writers
Television controversies in Australia
Race-related controversies in television
Obscenity controversies in television
21st-century Australian male actors

masks:
Christopher Daniel Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Chris Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Chris Lille
Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Lilley
Chris Lille
Chris
Chris
Chris
Chris


texts:
<mask> (16 February 1919 – 3 October 2000) was a prolific British artist and illustrator, best known for his naval battle scenes, and portraits of high-ranking officers and political figures. One of the very few active service artists of the Second World War, Worsley was the only person to render contemporary sea-warfare in situ, and the only official war artist captured by the Germans. Detained in the infamous prisoner-of-war camp Marlag O, Worsley documented prison life with supplies provided by the Red Cross, his expertise employed in the forging of identity papers, and an ingenious escape attempt requiring the construction of a mannequin named Albert R.N. During his lifetime, Worsley was president of the Royal Society of Marine Artists: sixty-one of his paintings – including portraits of Field Marshal Montgomery, and the First Sea Lord, Sir <mask> – hang in the Imperial War Museum, with another twenty-nine pictures archived in the collections of the National Maritime Museum. Life

Worsley spent his childhood on a coffee farm in Kenya, his family having emigrated from Liverpool just six months after his birth. In 1928 he was sent back to England and was enrolled in St. Winifred's boarding school, from  where Worsley won a scholarship to Brighton College, after which he spent three years studying fine art at Goldsmiths' School of Art. After graduating, in 1938, Worsley secured work as a commercial illustrator, mainly working on romance magazines.At the start of World War Two, Worsley joined the Royal Navy and spent three years on convoy escort duty in the Atlantic and the North Sea. During that period <mask> served on HMS Laurentic, HMS Lancaster and <mask> was aboard the Laurentic when it was torpedoed and sunk in November 1940. Worsley's painting of that incident, based on sketches he made at the time in an open lifeboat, plus his drawings of wartime life at sea gained the attention of Kenneth Clark – the director of War Artists' Advisory Committee –who appointed him as one of the two full-time artists attached to the Commander-in-Chief's staff, Malta. In 1943, the Navy dispatched Worsley to an island in the north Adriatic, where he hoped to record an attempt by Allied saboteurs to establish a base camp, but the Germans intercepted his party, forcing them to surrender. As a prisoner, Worsley documented camp life with warmth, accuracy, and humour. He also directed his talent to covert pursuits, including the creation of counterfeit documentation, and Albert, an ingenious life-size figurine, crafted from newspaper, a wire frame, and human hair.The figurine had blinking ping-pong ball eyes that were powered by a pendulum made from a sardine tin. For four days, Albert successfully deceived the prison guards, masquerading as an officer during roll-call, while the lieutenant he had replaced made good his escape. However, the escapee was eventually recaptured, and Albert was hidden for the next escape. After the war, Worsley remained under Naval engagement, painting portraits of high-ranking officers for the Admiralty, before securing a commission for the popular children's weekly, Eagle, and its companion paper, Girl, achieving his greatest success with The Adventures of P.C. 49, a comic strip featuring the exploits of a British constable. Aside from illustrating comics, periodicals, and advertisements - including a series of Army Recruitment posters out of the Boy's Own mould, Worsley also assisted Scotland Yard; his ability to draft from description secured the capture of the nurse implicated in the notorious London baby-snatch of 1990. By 1970, Worsley entered the arena of family entertainment, rendering hundreds of large plates for televised adaptations of The Wind in the Willows, Treasure Island, A Christmas Carol, and The Little Grey Men, later released as large-format prints for children.During his lifetime, he illustrated over forty books, concluding with a record of his exploits during the Second World War. <mask> died on 3 October 2000 at the age of 81. A collection of his wartime sketches, found in his studio after his death, were displayed by his step-daughter on a special edition of the BBC television programme Antiques Roadshow on 8 September 2019, marking 80 years since the start of World War II. At that time, they remained in the ownership of his family. Selected works

Biography

Illustrations
 Guy Morgan (1945), P.O.W., Whittlesey House, McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc. ()
 Guy Morgan (1945), Only Ghosts can Live, Crosby Lockwood & Son
 Stephen MacFarlane (pseud. John Keir Cross) (1946), Detectives in Greasepaint, Peter Lunn
 <mask>ir Cross (1946), Studio 'J' Investigates, Peter Lunn
 Robert Harling (1946), The Steep Atlantick Stream, Chivers, Chatto & Windus ()
 The Illustrated London News (ed. Sir Bruce Ingram) (1949)
 Eric Romilly (1949), Bleeding from the Roman, Chapman & Hall
 Thomas Cubbin, with an introduction by Henry Major Tomlinson (1950), The Wreck of the Serica, Dropmore Press
 Eagle Annual Number 2 (1953) (ed.Marcus Morris), Hulton Press
 Eric Phillips and Alan Stranks (1953), P.C. 49 "Eagle" Strip Cartoon Book, Preview Publications (UK) Ltd
 Alan Stranks (1954), P.C. 49 "Eagle" Strip Cartoon Book Number 2, Andrew Dakers Ltd
 Alan Stranks (1954), On the Beat with P.C. 49, Preview Publications (UK) Ltd
 Alan Stranks (1955), PC 49 Annual, Andrew Dakers Ltd
 Roderick Langmere Haig-Brown (1949), Saltwater Summer, Collins ()
 George Beardmore (1956), Belle of the Ballet's Gala Performance, Hulton Press
 George Beardmore (1957), Belle of the Ballet's Country Holiday, Hulton Press
 George Beardmore (1958), Scandale a la Cour, Dargaud
 George Beardmore (1958), Le Secret De La Ballerine, Dargaud
 Ships (1962), Watson-Guptill Publications
 <mask> Williams (1963), God in the Space Age, Church Information Office
 Macdonald Hastings (1971), Sydney the Sparrow, Ward Lock ()
 Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, retold by Jane Carruth (1975), Golden Press ()
 Johanna Spyri's Heidi, retold by Jane Carruth (1975), Award ()
 Anna Sewell's Black Beauty, retold by Jane Carruth (1975), Award ()
 Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers, retold by Jane Carruth (1976), Award ()
 Mark Twain's Tom Sawyer, retold by Jane Carruth (1977), Award ()
 R.D. Blackmore's 'Lorna Doone, retold by Jane Carruth (1979), Purnell ()
 Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, retold by Jane Carruth (1982), Award ()
 Kenneth Grahame (1982), The Wind in the Willows, Purnell ()
 – (1983), Mr. Toad (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
- (1983), Home Sweet Home (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
 – (1983), Toad's Adventures (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
 – (1983), The River Bank (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
 – (1983), The Open Road (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
 – (1983), The Further Adventures of Toad (Tales from The Wind in the Willows), Purnell ()
 John Worsley (1984), foreword to A Roving Reporter: A Tribute to the Memory of Donald Charles Orbach 1914–1982
 Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island, retold by Jane Carruth (1984), Award ()
 Charles Dickens, ed. Jane Wilton-Smith (1985), A Christmas Carol, Gallery Books ()
 Alan Stranks (1990), The Adventures of P.C. 49 (Eagles Classics), Hawk Books ()
 Kenneth Grahame (1990), Mr. Toad (the Wind in the Willows Library), Award Publications Ltd ()
 Barry O'Brien, Kaj Melendez, and Mirza Javed (1962), Ace London, Fleetway Publications; repub.(2011) Cuauhtemoc Publishing Ltd ()

Selected filmography
 The Captive Heart (1946)
 Albert R.N. (1953)
 Anglia Story Series: The Wind in the Willows (1969)
 – The Winter of Enchantment (1970)
 – A Christmas Carol (1970)
 – Treasure Island (1972)
 – Baldmoney, Sneezwort, Dodder and Cloudberry (The Little Grey Men) (1975)
 – The Whisper of Glocken (1976/ 1980)

See also
 Treasure (magazine)
 Marlag und Milag Nord

References

Further reading
 Eagle and Dan Dare website: <mask>orsley and Eagle Magazine
 Brighton College: notable Old Brightonians
 Illustration Art Gallery, 17 April 2013

External links

 Royal Museums Greenwich
 IMDB

1919 births
2000 deaths
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
British children's book illustrators
British comics artists
British illustrators
British war artists
British World War II prisoners of war
People educated at Brighton College
Royal Navy officers
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
World War II artists
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany

masks:
John Godfrey Bernard Worsley
John Cunningham
Worsley
. Worsley
Worsley
John Ke
John Gordon
John W


texts:
<mask> (September 2, 1922 – September 21, 2020) was an American scientist and Nobel laureate who worked at Bell Laboratories and Lucent Technologies. <mask> has been considered by many as the father of optical tweezers,
for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 at age 96, becoming the oldest Nobel Laureate until 2019 when John B. Goodenough was awarded at 97. He resided in Rumson, New Jersey. <mask> started his work on manipulation of microparticles with laser light in the late 1960s which resulted in the invention of optical tweezers in 1986. He also pioneered the optical trapping process that eventually was used to manipulate atoms, molecules, and biological cells. The key phenomenon is the radiation pressure of light; this pressure can be dissected down into optical gradient and scattering forces. Early life and family
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1922, to a family of Ukrainian-Jewish background.His parents were Isadore and <mask>. He had two siblings, a brother, Julius, also a physicist, and a sister, Ruth. One older sibling, Gertrude, died while young. The family home was in Brooklyn, New York, at 983 E 27 Street. Isadore (né Aschkinase) had emigrated to the United States from Odessa (then Russian Empire, now Ukraine), at the age of 18. Anna, five years younger, also came from today's Ukraine, then Galicia, Austro-Hungarian Empire. Within a decade of his landing in New York, Isadore had become a U.S. citizen and was running a dental laboratory at 139 Delancey Street in Manhattan.<mask> met his wife, Aline, at Cornell University, and they have been married over 60 years with three children and five grandchildren. She was a chemistry teacher at Holmdel High School, and their son <mask>, is an art professor at Cornell University. Education
<mask> graduated from Brooklyn's James Madison High School in 1940. He then attended Columbia University and was also a technician for Columbia's Radiation Lab tasked with building magnetrons for U.S. military radar systems. He joined the U.S. Army reserves on July 31, 1945. He continued working in the Columbia University lab. During this period, by <mask>'s own account, three Nobel laureates were in attendance.<mask> finished his course work and obtained his BS degree in physics at Columbia University in 1947. He then attended Cornell University, where he studied nuclear physics. This was during the era of the Manhattan Project, and <mask>'s brother, <mask>, was successfully part of it. This led to <mask>'s introduction to Hans Bethe, Richard Feynman and others who were at Cornell at the time. He received his PhD degree at Cornell University in 1952, and then went to work for Bell Labs at the request and recommendation of Sidney Millman, who was <mask>'s supervisor at Columbia University. Career
At Bell Labs, <mask> worked in the microwave field until about 1960 to 1961, and then switched to laser research. His research and published articles at that time pertained to nonlinear optics, optical fibers, parametric oscillators and parametric amplifiers.Also, at Bell Labs during the 1960s, he was the co-discoverer of the photorefractive effect in the piezoelectric crystal. Within various professional society memberships, <mask> attained the rating of fellow in the Optical Society of America (OSA), the American Physical Society (APS), and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). He retired from Bell Labs in 1992 after a 40-year career during which he contributed to many areas of experimental physics. He authored many research papers over the years and held 47 patents. He was recipient of the Joseph F. Keithley Award For Advances in Measurement Science in 2003 and the Harvey Prize in 2004. He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1984 and to the National Academy of Sciences in 1996. He was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2013.He continued to work in his home lab. Besides optical tweezers, <mask> is also known for his studies in photorefraction, second harmonic generation, and
non-linear optics in fibers. Recent advances in physics and biology using optical micromanipulation include achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in atomic vapors at submillikelvin temperatures, demonstration of atom lasers, and detailed measurements on individual motor molecules. <mask>'s work formed the basis for Steven Chu's work on cooling and trapping atoms, which earned Chu the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics. Nobel Prize
On October 2, 2018, <mask> was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on optical trapping, sharing it with Donna Strickland and Gérard Mourou who received the other half of that year's prize. <mask> "was honoured for his invention of 'optical tweezers' that grab particles, atoms, viruses and other living cells with their laser beam fingers. With this he was able to use the radiation pressure of light to move physical objects, 'an old dream of science fiction', the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said."<mask> was awarded half of the Prize while the other half was shared between Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland for their work on chirped-pulse amplification, a technique "now used in laser machining [that] enables doctors to perform millions of corrective laser eye surgeries every year". At 96, <mask> was the oldest Nobel Prize laureate to be awarded the prize, until John B. Goodenough received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 at the age of 97. He died on September 21, 2020 at the age of 98. References

External links

Frontiers in Optics 2010. The Optical Society. National Academy of Engineering: Member listing
National Academy of Sciences: Member listing
<mask>'s Book on Atom Trapping
Frederic Ives Medal
  including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 2018 Optical Tweezers and their Application to Biological Systems

1922 births
2020 deaths
Scientists from Brooklyn
Nobel laureates in Physics
American Nobel laureates
21st-century American physicists
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Optical physicists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Cornell University alumni
Scientists at Bell Labs
Laser researchers
Fellows of the Optical Society
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Jewish physicists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
People from Rumson, New Jersey
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army reservists

masks:
Arthur Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Arthur Ashkin
Anna Ashkin
Ashkin
Michael Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Julius Ashkin
Arthur Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Arthur Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin
Ashkin


texts:
<mask> (born 26 July 1956) dit <mask> is an  Army General of the French Army and a former Chief of the Defence Staff. Following a disagreement with Emmanuel Macron, Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces, he tendered his resignation on 19 July 2017. Biography

House Le Jolie de Villiers

Pierre <mask>on is a member of the House of Le Jolis de Villiers () established in the 16th century. His brother is the French politician <mask>. Military career

1973 to 2003
After two years of preparatory corniche () at Prytanée National Militaire, <mask> was admitted to the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1975, promotion « Captain Henri Guilleminot » (). He entered at the end of his scholarity the Armoured Cavalry Arm and joined the Cavalry School of Saumur within his specialty, promotion « lieutenant <mask>uld ». He was a section platoon chief of AMX30 tanks at the 2nd Dragoon Regiment in 1978.He entered between 1979 and 1987 to the 4th Dragoon Regiment, which also housed a platoon of AMX30 tanks. He commanded a divisionary reconnaissance squadron of the 7th Armoured Division. He was then on three different occasions an instructor of sous-officiers and lieutenants at Saumur. From 1989 to 1990, he was a candidate at the Superior War School of the 103rd promotion of the ESG, then from 1990–1991, he was a candidate at the Superior Inter-arm Course (XLII session of the CSI). He was then designated as the regimental commander of the 501st-503rd Combat Tank Regiment. In June 1999, he commanded during five months the mechanized infantry battalion of the Leclerc brigade, which entered first in Kosovo with operation KFOR. During twelve years, he was in post in Paris at the general staff headquarters of the French Army, then at the inspection of the French Army and member of the financial affairs direction of the Ministry of the Armed Forces.2003 to 2008
From September to June 2004, he was an auditor at the Center of High Military Studies and at the Institute of High National Defense Studies. Deputy to the Chief of the Prime Minister's military cabinet on 1 July 2004, he was promoted to Général de brigade on 1 September 2005. He was designated commandant of the 2nd Armoured Brigade and arms commandant of the court of Orléans () on 1 August 2006, a function which he occupied until 31 August 2008. In parallel, from December 2006 to April 2007, he commanded the Regional Capital Command RCC in Afghanistan which regrouped 2500 military personnel from 15 nationalities. 2008 to 2014
He was nominated as at the Head of the Prime Minister's military cabinet on 15 September 2008, a function which occupied until March 2010, date in which he was replaced by <mask> Courrèges d'Ustou (). By decree on 11 March 2010, he was nominated to the functions of Major General of the Armed Forces at the general staff headquarters of the armed forces. 2014
Général <mask> was appointed on 15 February 2014 Chief of the Defence Staff succeeding Admiral Édouard Guillaud.Charged with attacks against the Islamic State after the November 2015 Paris attacks, he judged that the necessary military attacks against this entity can only but guarantee peace and security, by recalling the comfort means of the French Armed Forces. He coordinated the exterior operations of Operation Barkhane in Sahel, Operation Sangaris in Central African Republic and Opération Chammal in Syria and in Iraq. He was also equally in charge of the interior natured anti-terrorist operation, Opération Sentinelle. 2015
The French Foreign Legion, on 30 April 2015, commemorated their 152nd anniversary of Camaron in presence of <mask>. Commemorating also the 70th Liberation Anniversary, Général <mask> declared that " Commemorating Camerone is commemorating the courage, the cult of the mission, the respect of senior veterans, giving the youth a formidable message of hope for the future", while also adding that "« honor and fidelity are always values which gather »". During the ceremony, Adjudant-Chef François Monarcha, born in Poland 98 years and «4 months ago»- the senior veteran was insisting on this precision-, was part of the main parade as he was accompanied by a former Harki and a non-commissioned officer of British origin. Addressing the legionnaires, Général <mask> declared "« Your regimental colors and flags do not have enough folds and space in them to house and contain all your titles of glory » ".2016
In December 2016, <mask> called for an increase in armed forces' budget from 1.7% to 2% of gross domestic product (GDP) before 2022. This would allow France to meet the NATO defense spending requirements currently met by only the United States, Greece, United Kingdom, Estonia and Poland. 2017
In March 2017, <mask> once again expressed support for increasing the defence budget to 2% of GDP by 2022 - an increase of about three billion euros per year. Emmanuel Macron announced a promise to increase the defence budget to 2% by 2025 and Marine Le Pen announced in Lyon that she wishes to see the defence budget increased to 3% of GDP in order to build a new aircraft carrier, hire 50,000 new military personnel and progressively reintroduce compulsory military service, starting with a 3-month commitment. Disagreement with Emmanuel Macron on military budget
On 11 July 2017, Minister of Public Action and Accounts Gérald Darmanin announced that part of the government's plan to reduce spending, the military were going to be cut by 850 million euros in 2017. The following day, Le Monde reported that <mask> met with the Defense Committee in the National Assembly and told them "I will not get fucked over like this". The conversation was caught on tape and leaked by Le Monde.Also, accordingly to Le Figaro, <mask> unleashed his fury, and added monumentally "I can no longer look my guys in the eyes if we reduce our means further". Emmanuel Macron, during a speech to the armed forces on 13 July 2017, affirmed his plan to raise the defence budget to 2% of GDP by 2025. During the speech, Macron publicly called out <mask> numerous times addressing the recent leak reported by Le Monde. 14 July Bastille Day military parade
During Bastille Day military parade, Général <mask> and President Macron, as customary for the Chief and Commander-in-Chief of the French Armed Forces, ride together side by side standing, in the same vehicle during the ceremonial parade. Resignation
Following the Bastille Day parade, <mask> posted on Facebook a criticism of the Macron government's plans to reduce defence spending. Le Journal du Dimanche reported on 16 July 2017 that Macron was possibly looking to replace <mask> stating "The Republic doesn't work like this" Macron then went on to say that he has confidence in <mask>. Général <mask> stepped down on 19 July 2017 due to budget cuts and disagreements with President Emmanuel Macron.This was the first time in the 5th Republic that a Chief of the Defence Staff has forcibly resigned. A press release was issued on francetvinfo's website. On the same day, Macron confirmed Army general François Lecointre as <mask>' replacement. Macron described <mask>' behaviour surrounding his resignation as "undignified". While <mask> was leaving the Ministry of Armed Forces, a crowd of soldiers and military personnel applauded him. Military ranks

Honours and decorations

<mask> <mask> is an Honorary Caporal (bestowed) of the Troupes de marine (2014). See also
 Édouard Guillaud
 Bruno Dary
 Benoit Puga
 Jean Maurin
 Hervé Charpentier
 François Lecointre

References

Sources

French generals
French military staff
1956 births
Living people
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Officers of the National Order of Merit (France)
Recipients of the Cross for Military Valour
Commanders of the Legion of Merit
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Order of Valour
Chief of the Defence Staff (France)

masks: Pierre François Marie Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon

masks: Pierre Le Jolis de Villiers de Saintignon