texts:
Admiral <mask><mask><mask>, USN (November 12, 1893 – July 13, 1971) was an admiral in the United States Navy, who commanded aircraft carriers during World War II. Born and raised in Oklahoma and a native of the Cherokee Nation, In 1917, he was the first Native American to graduate from the United States Naval Academy. <mask> preferred to be called "J. J." instead of his full name or the nickname "<mask>." Early years
<mask><mask> was born to William A. and <mask> in Pryor in the Cherokee Nation, Indian Nation, before it became part of the state of Oklahoma. His father was a member of the Cherokee Nation.<mask> attended Willie Halsell College in Vinita, Oklahoma and the Oklahoma Agricultural and Mechanical College (now named Oklahoma State University) in Stillwater, Oklahoma, prior to being appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy, where he played on the lacrosse and soccer teams. He was commissioned as Ensign upon graduating in 1917. <mask>'s nickname, "<mask>", originated at the Naval Academy: on one of his first days there, he was standing in ranks when a classmate called out "The Right Reverend J. <mask>ckey <mask>!" His wife, <mask>, néé Chubarova, was the widow of chess world champion <mask> Capablanca. Naval career

World War I and inter-war service
Although <mask> was officially a member of the Class of 1918 at the United States Naval Academy, he actually graduated with the class of 1917. He was first posted to the cruiser , which was convoying troops across the Atlantic Ocean.After World War I ended, he remained in the permanent navy, serving at sea aboard the destroyers , , and  in the Middle East. He was commanding Brooks on his return to the USA, then was put in command of the . Bulmer was assigned to American Relief Administration and Near East Relief. <mask> returned to the US in 1923, and was posted as an instructor at the Naval Academy during 1923–1924. He then went to NAS Pensacola in Florida for flight training, and graduated as a naval aviator on March 16, 1925. <mask> served a wide variety of posts throughout the rest of the 1920s and the 1930s. In 1925, he helped Commander <mask> prepare for the first West Coast-Hawaii flight in 1925, receiving a letter of commendation for this service.In 1926, he served as senior aviation officer aboard the . The next year, he was an aide to the Commander, Battleship Division Three, and served as division aviation officer. From 1928 to 1931, <mask> was executive officer, NAS Anacostia, in Washington, D.C., and during the next two years was commanding officer of Fighting Squadron Two, attached to the aircraft carrier . He was the aeronautical member of the Board of Inspection and Survey, Navy Department, from 1933 to July 1936, and during his next tour of sea duty July, 1936 to June, 1937, served as the Lexington's air officer and representative at Fleet Air Detachment, NAS San Diego, California. From July, 1937, to May, 1939, he was executive officer of the Fleet Air Base, Pearl Harbor. He then served as inspector of naval aircraft at the Curtiss Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, New York. <mask> was then sent to NAS Jacksonville, Florida, as executive officer from December, 1940 until May, 1941.He was then posted to the  as Executive Officer. He was in that position when the Japanese Navy attacked Pearl Harbor and returned to his former post with Yorktown in time to participate in raids on the Gilbert and Marshall Islands. World War II
At the start of U.S. involvement in World War II, <mask> was known as an aggressive commander, ready to take his group into battle. He commanded the carrier  in the Atlantic Ocean and off the coast of North Africa, until he was ordered to take command of the newly commissioned  (CV-10). In January 1944, Vice Admiral Marc Mitscher made  the Yorktown his flagship. Mitcher was impressed with <mask>'s seamanship and fighting spirit. In February 1944, <mask> was promoted to rear admiral and was transferred temporarily to Task Force 58 while still reporting to Mitscher, who was then commanding the Fast Carrier Task Force, and Admiral Raymond Spruance, commander of the Fifth Fleet.Since all of the task group's command slots were occupied, <mask> was assigned to command the new aircraft carrier, , also named for a sunken carrier (USS Hornet CV-8). Soon, Mitscher was disappointed with the performance of the vice admiral commanding Task Group 3, and replaced him with Captain <mask>. He commanded this group in the Marianas campaign, and on multiple occasions his task group was sent north to interdict Japanese aircraft shuttling down from Japan via intermediate islands. His air groups executed air attacks on the shuttle islands of Chichi Jima and Iwo Jima so often that the sailors of the Fast Carrier Task Force nicknamed them the "Jocko Jimas." <mask> commanded his task group in conjunction with the rest of Task Force 58 in the Battle of the Philippine Sea. His flagship was the carrier . On the second day of the battle, with his planes returning after sundown, <mask> ordered his ships to light up, allowing most planes to land safely.Korean War
<mask> commanded the Fast Carrier Task Force (TF 77) during the Korean War. He was later promoted to vice admiral and rose to command the 7th Fleet before retiring from the Navy. <mask> retired on December 1, 1953 with the rank of admiral. Final years
After retiring from the navy, he lived in New York City, where he was chairman of Hegeman - Harris, Inc., an investment company. He was made an honorary chief by both the Sioux and Cherokee Nations. Admiral <mask> died on July 13, 1971 at the naval hospital in St. Albans, New York. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, Section 3, Site 2525-B.Honors and awards
His many awards and medals include the Navy Cross, Navy Distinguished Service Medal,  Silver Star, Legion of Merit with Combat "V", Navy Commendation Medal and the Korean Order of Military Merit. In addition to these most commonly mentioned, he also received the following: Army Distinguished Service Medal for service in Korea, Silver Star Medal, Commendation Ribbon with Combat "V", Army Commendation Ribbon, Ribbon with stars for the Presidential Unit Citation (United States) to the USS Suwanee, USS Yorktown, and USS Hornet; Victory Medals for World War I and for World War II; American Defense Service Medal; European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal (with one star), Asiatic–Pacific Campaign Medal (with twelve service stars) Campaign Medal, the Philippine Liberation Ribbon (one star), Korean Service Medal (one star), United Nations Service Medal, and the National Defense Service Medal. <mask>'s flag lieutenant was historian <mask>. Reynolds' uncle. Reynolds was chosen to co-author <mask>'s autobiography. <mask> was inducted into the Oklahoma Hall of Fame in 1952. The National Aeronautic Association honored him in 1969 with the Elder Statesman of Aviation Award. In 1979, the guided-missile frigate  was named in his honor.Notes

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading
 Carrier admiral by J. J<mask> (1893–1971) with <mask>. Reynolds. (1967)
 On the warpath in the Pacific: Admiral <mask> <mask> and the fast carriers, by <mask>. Reynolds (2005)

External links
 Rear Admiral <mask>. <mask> <mask> – Biography from JackLummus.com

1893 births
1971 deaths
Cherokee Nation people
Cherokee Nation people (1794–1907)
People of Indian Territory
Native American United States military personnel
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
People from Pryor Creek, Oklahoma
United States Naval Academy alumni
Military personnel from Oklahoma
United States Navy admirals
United States Navy World War II admirals
People from Queens, New York
20th-century Native Americans

masks:
Joseph James "
Jocko
" Clark
Clark
Jocko
Joseph J
. Clark
Lillie Berry Clark
Joseph
Clark
Joo
Jonathan Jo
Clark
Olga Clark
José Raúl
Clark
Clark
Clark
John Rodgers
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark G
Clark
Clark
. Clark
Clark G
Jocko
Clark
Clark G
J J
Jocko
Clark


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 30, 1959), born <mask>,  is an American yoga guru and creator of Anusara Yoga. Early life and career

<mask> first learned of yoga at the age of 8 in Youngstown, Ohio when his mother, <mask>, read him stories of yogis with hidden knowledge and supernatural powers. By age 13, he began studying yoga philosophy with the Bhagavad Gita and Upanishads, and also began an asana practice by following Swami Satchidananda's book Integral Hatha Yoga. At 17, <mask> began a regular practice of sitting meditation with a Sufi group as well as members of the Theosophical Society. At age 19 he moved to Houston, Texas where he studied various styles of hatha yoga including Ananda Yoga, Sivananda Yoga, and Kundalini Yoga. He also began teaching yoga part-time while working as a financial analyst. In 1984, <mask> began practicing the Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga Primary Series and, in 1986, quit his analyst job to teach yoga full-time.In 1987, <mask> graduated to Secondary Series while studying with Ashtanga founder K. Pattabhi Jois in California where he also studied with Iyengar Yoga teacher Judith Lasater. That same year, <mask> attended an Iyengar Yoga convention in Boston, where he met B.K.S. Iyengar, after which <mask> focused his studies and practice mainly in Iyengar Yoga. Between 1990 and 1995, <mask> earned Iyengar's Introductory and Junior Intermediate teaching certificates and also served on the Board of Directors for the Iyengar Yoga National Association before departing in 1997 to found Anusara Yoga. Anusara Yoga

Friend set up Anusara as a style of hatha yoga founded on a Tantric philosophy of intrinsic goodness and based on bio mechanical principles of alignment. <mask> derived the name Anusara as meaning 'flowing with Grace,' 'flowing with Nature' and 'following your heart,'" as interpreted from the Sanskrit , meaning "custom, usage, natural state or condition". Founded on Iyengar's system of alignment, <mask> streamlined everything into five "Universal Principles of Alignment", which corresponded to other quinary aspects of the world, such as the five elements, five regular polygons, five fingers on the hand, and so on.<mask> also developed refinements to his quinary system, which included what he called "the Three A's of Anusara" (attitude, alignment and action), seven energy loops that comprise the human body, and various cues to assist in teaching. Anusara's philosophical system drew from <mask>'s knowledge in Indian schools of thought, including Samkhya, Advaita Vedanta, Vajrayana Buddhism, and non-dual Hindu Tantric schools, particularly non-dual Shaivism, which he refers to as Shiva-Shakti Tantra. <mask> also incorporates his other studies, such as Taoism, Sufism, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Wicca, quantum physics, sacred geometry, and western psychology. 2012 scandal
In February 2012, an anonymous tipster published accusations on jfexposed.com (short for "<mask> exposed"), which later appeared on the blog YogaDork. These allegations of mismanagement and abuse were later reported on at length in an article in The Washington Post. The four key accusations against <mask> were:

That <mask> led a Wiccan coven called Blazing Solar Flames whose members allegedly included female Anusara students, teachers and employees. The tipster provided documentation that <mask> engaged in sexual relations with women in the coven, including a letter allegedly written by him to a coven member with whom he had sexual relations, and described an 'alignment' between Wicca and the Anusara system of yoga.<mask> had Anusara’s graphics team design a logo for the coven according to three former employees. It was later revealed that <mask> may not belong to any Wiccan lineage or tradition. That <mask> had sexual affairs with several married Anusara employees and teachers. In a  February  2012 interview, <mask> admitted to the truth of this allegation. That <mask> froze funding of employees' defined benefits plans, avoiding notification to employees, and thus violated federal ERISA regulations. The tipster claimed that Friend's company, Anusara, Inc., made the change to the plan in January 2010, but waited until December 2010 to provide oral notification to some employees. In December 2011, 204(h) notification had still not been provided and the tipster made a complaint to the U.S. Department of Labor.In January 2012, Anusara, Inc. finally provided official notification, but attempted to backdate the notification, as well as the effective freeze date, to January 1, 2010. In response to this complaint about the backdating, the Department of Labor advised Anusara, Inc. that it was in violation. Anusara, Inc. then restored funds to the account and provided notification of a freeze to take place in the future. <mask> provided documentation verifying the pension notification violations and the timeline outlined by the tipster. The documentation included a letter from Anusara Inc. which assured employees that there was never an intention to be deceptive. <mask> eventually admitted this was the result of his oversight that was subsequently corrected after an employee complained to government regulators. That <mask> placed employees and personal assistants in legal jeopardy, arranging for them to personally accept delivery of packages of marijuana shipped for <mask>'s own use to Anusara's office.This allegation is supported by statements made by <mask>'s former personal assistant and also by <mask>'s statements to a committee of Anusura advisers, as described in a document obtained by The Washington Post. Exit from Anusara
<mask> announced in March 2012 that he would step down from the leadership, while retaining the sole ownership, of Anusara Yoga to take a short leave of absence to consider his next steps in the yoga community. Sridaiva and Bowspring

In 2013, <mask> began working with Colorado-based yoga teaching sisters Desi and Micah Springer to help systematize a yoga methodology they had developed. Prior to this, <mask> had been dating Desi Springer. Originally called "The Roots" practice, the yoga system was rebranded in 2013 as Sridaiva (श्रदेव, Sanskrit for "divine destiny") as coupled with an alignment methodology called Bowspring. <mask> teaches the Bowspring method at Vital Yoga Studio as well as on international teaching tours with Springer. References

1959 births
American yoga teachers
Educators from Ohio
Living people
People from Youngstown, Ohio
Sacred geometry
Modern yoga pioneers
Modern yoga gurus

masks:
John Friend
Clifford Friend
Friend
Ann Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
John
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
John Friend
Friend
John Friend
John Friend
Friend
John
John Friend
Friend
John Friend
John Friend
Friend
John Friend
Friend
John Friend
Friend
Friend
John Friend
Friend
Friend


texts:
<mask> (14 May 1904 – 16 June 1961) was a Swiss doctor and one of the most accomplished field delegates in the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). After medical school and a short position as a surgeon in Mulhouse, France, he became an ICRC delegate and was deployed in Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and in Europe as well as in Japan during World War II. In 1947, he wrote a book with the title Warrior without Weapons about his experiences. After the war, he worked for the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) as chief representative in China, and settled back in Europe in 1950. He founded the anaesthesiology department of the Cantonal Hospital in Geneva and became the first professor in this discipline at the University of Geneva. In 1952, he was appointed a member of the ICRC and, after many more missions for this institution,  was Vice-President from 1959 until his death in 1961. Childhood and education

<mask> was born in Neuchâtel, Switzerland as the fifth of seven children, to <mask> (1868–1919) and Jeanne Marguerite Bonnet (1866–1952).His father was a pastor for the Independent Protestant Church of Neuchâtel, first working in mining villages in Belgium and later in poor communities near Neuchâtel and La Chaux-de-Fonds in Switzerland; the latter being where Junod spent most of his childhood. After the death of his father, his family returned to his mother's home of Geneva. In order to earn a living, his mother and aunt opened a boarding house. Junod completed his initial education in 1923 with a baccalaureate diploma from Geneva's Collège Calvin, the same school that Red Cross founder Henry Dunant had attended. As a student, he volunteered in charity work and directed the Relief Movement for Russian Children in Geneva. Due to generous financial support from his uncle Henri-Alexandre Junod he was able to follow his aspirations and study medicine in Geneva and Strasbourg, obtaining his MD in 1929. He opted for special training in the field of surgery and interned at hospitals in Geneva and Mulhouse, France (1931–1935).He completed his training in Mulhouse in 1935, and began work as the head of the Mulhouse hospital's surgical clinic. Missions as an ICRC delegate

The Second Italo-Abyssinian War 1935/1936

Immediately after the Italian invasion of Ethiopia, Junod received a call on 15 October 1935 from a friend in Geneva, recommending him to take a position as delegate for the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Ethiopia. Encouraged by the head doctor of the clinic in Mulhouse, he accepted the offer and soon traveled to Addis Ababa with a second ICRC delegate, Sidney Brown. He would remain in Ethiopia until the end of the Abyssinian War in May 1936. Because of his experience in law, Sidney Brown worked on the establishment of an effective national Red Cross Society in Ethiopia. Junod focused on the maintenance and coordination of Red Cross ambulances provided by the Red Cross societies of Egypt, Finland, the UK, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. While the Ethiopian Red Cross, having been founded only shortly before the outbreak of the war, accepted support from the ICRC and the League of Red Cross societies, the Italian Red Cross refused any cooperation, as Italy had not accepted the offer of services of the ICRC.Some of the most difficult experiences for Junod during the war involved the attacks on Red Cross ambulances by the Italian military and Ethiopian armed groups. A bombing of a Swedish ambulance on 30 December 1935 killed 28 Red Cross workers and patients and wounded 50. He was also witness to a number of horrific episodes in this war characterized by the extreme gap in technological capabilities of the two sides. Among other events, he witnessed the bombardment of the city Dessie by the Italian air force, the use of mustard gas against civilian populations in the towns of Degehabur and Sassabaneh, and the plundering of Addis Ababa in the final days of the war.

. . . Men were stretched out everywhere beneath the trees. There must have been thousands of them. As I came closer, my heart in my mouth, I could see horrible suppurating burns on their feet and on their emaciated limbs. Life was already leaving bodies burned with mustard gas.'Abiet . . . Abiet . . . .'

The monotonous chant rose towards the refuge of the Emperor. But who was to have pity? Who was to help them in their suffering? There were no doctors available and our ambulances had been destroyed. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons. ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 61)

The Spanish Civil War 1936-1939

In July 1936 the ICRC sought a delegate for an investigation mission to Spain, where civil war had just broken out. Once again Junod was selected.Contrary to the ICRC's initial plan of a three-week deployment, he ultimately stayed for over three years, and the ICRC expanded the mission, led by Junod, to nine delegates spread across the country. The activities of the Red Cross were hindered by the problem that the Geneva Conventions had no legal application to civil conflicts. As a solution, Junod suggested the creation of a new combined commission with representatives of the ICRC and of the warring sides, but the parties could not agree. The commission would have coordinated work on the release of captured women and children, the erection of neutral international zones, and the compilation of prisoner lists. Despite the ambiguous legal basis for the Red Cross' work in this conflict, Junod succeeded to convince the warring parties to sign and implement a number of agreements regarding prisoner exchange and other issues, thereby saving many lives. Before the fall of Barcelona he achieved the release of five thousand prisoners whose lives were endangered by fighting for the city. He also organized research and information exchange regarding prisoners and missing persons using the Red Cross card system for the first time in the context of civil conflict, and by the end of the war the ICRC had facilitated the exchange of five million cards.

. . .Someone was on the other side of the line and his nearest did not even know whether he was alive or dead. For a long time I had realized that this uncertainty was the greatest agony of all. I had seen too many trembling hand stretched out for the sheet of paper that we had at last succeeded in getting from one side to the other: the Red Cross card. There was not much on it: a name and address and a message which was not allowed to exceed twenty-five words. Often when it came back the censor had left only the signature on it, but at least it was proof that a loved one was still alive. And then the eyes which read the name and the signature would fill with tears of joy. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 115)

The Second World War 1939-1945
After the outbreak of World War II, Junod was called to Geneva by a letter from the ICRC and was once again made an ICRC delegate, releasing him from his obligations as a medical officer for the Swiss Army. He started his mission on 16 September 1939 in Berlin and for a long time remained the only ICRC delegate in Germany and its soon-to-be occupied territories.Only eleven days later, on 27 September, he visited a camp with Polish prisoners of war. In June 1940 he succeeded in preventing a series of threatened executions of French POWs, which had been planned as retaliation for the falsely assumed execution of German paratroopers. Once again he organized the forwarding and exchange of information relating to POWs, this time with the support of the ICRC central office for POWs in Geneva. The central tasks in this war were the observation of the adherence to the Geneva Conventions in POW camps and the distribution of provisions and medical supplies to the civil populations of occupied territories. Yet the civil population effort was not part of the legally defined role of the ICRC and would not be so until the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention. To provide logistical support for these efforts, Junod worked to introduce the first use of Red Cross ships, specially marked with the neutral symbols of the ICRC, to provide needed goods and supplies. For example, a number of ships were provided by Belgium ("Caritas I", "Caritas II" and "Henri Dunant"), Turkey ("Kurtulus", "Dumlupinar"), and Sweden ("Hallaren", "Sturebog").Sadly, on 9 June 1942, despite its neutral markings, the "Sturebog" was sunk by an Italian aircraft.

. . . For three weeks we impatiently awaited news that the Sturebog had arrived back safely in Alexandria. Geneva inquired vainly after her whereabouts in London, Rome, Berlin and Ankara. The Sturebog was lost at sea and we began to think that we should never learn anything about her fate.

. . . Then one morning on the coast of Palestine two Bedouins going along the shore found a body half buried in the sand. . . . He was the sole survivor of the Sturebog, a Portuguese sailor. Gradually he recovered and after a week he was able to tell his tale. The day after the departure of the Sturebog from Piraeus two Italian planes flew overhead. They flew round in circles and had plenty of time to observe the huge red crosses painted on the ship's white side.Nevertheless they dropped a bomb which cut the Sturebog in half. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 202)
In December 1944, Junod married his wife Eugénie Georgette Perret (1915-1970). After a short break from being a delegate, during part of which he worked in the ICRC headquarters in Geneva, in June 1945 he was sent to Japan and arrived in Tokyo on 9 August. His original mission involved the visit of POWs in Japanese camps and the supervision of the adherence to the Geneva Conventions in Japanese territory. His mission in Japan took place while his wife was expecting a child at home. After the American dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima (6 August 1945) and Nagasaki (9 August 1945) and the subsequent Japanese surrender, Junod organized the evacuation of POW camps and the Allied rescue of the often severely injured inmates. On 30 August he received photographic evidence and a telegraph description of the conditions in Hiroshima. He quickly organized an assistance mission and on 8 September became the first foreign doctor to reach the site.He was accompanied by an American investigation task force, two Japanese doctors, and 15 tons of medical supplies. He stayed there for five days, during which he visited all of the major hospitals, administered the distribution of supplies, and personally gave medical care. The photographs from Hiroshima, which he gave to the ICRC, were some of the first pictures of the city after the explosion to reach Europe.

. . . On what remained of the station facade the hands of the clock had been stopped by the fire at 8.15. It was perhaps the first time in the history of humanity that the birth of a new era was recorded on the face of a clock. . . .

(Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 300)

His life after the Second World War
His deployment in Japan and other surrounding Asian countries lasted until April 1946 when he was able to return to Switzerland, having missed the birth of his son Benoit in October 1945. After he returned, he wrote the book Le Troisième Combattant, entitled in English, Warrior Without Weapons. It describes, in very personal language, his experiences during his various ICRC deployments. Other editions were published in German, in Spanish, Danish, Swedish, Dutch, Japanese and Serbo-Croatian.An Italian translation of the book appeared in 2006, nearly 60 years later. It has been reprinted several times by the International Committee of the Red Cross in English, French and Spanish. The book is sometimes called the "bedside volume of all young ICRC delegates." Thus it is our task to form a third front above and cutting across the two belligerent fronts, a third front which is directed against neither of them, but which works for the benefit of both. The combatants of this third front are interested only in the suffering of the defenceless human being, irrespective of his nationality, his convictions or his past. They fight wherever they can against all inhumanity, against every degradation of the human personality, against all injustice directed against defenceless human beings. It is for these fighters that Dr. Junod has coined the expression 'the third combatant'.(Dr. <mask>d: Warriors without Weapons. From the foreword by Max Huber, former ICRC President)

From January 1948 until April 1949, Junod was active as a representative of the UN children's help organization, UNICEF, in China, after being invited for that position by then UNICEF director Maurice Pate. However, due to an illness that made it difficult to stand for long periods of time, he had to cut off his deployment. He also had to turn down a mission for the World Health Organization (WHO) and was forced to give up his career as a surgeon. He decided to become a specialist in anesthesiology, which would allow him to work sitting down. The need for additional training and education led him to Paris and London, and in 1951 he returned to Geneva and opened a new practice. For the first time since his time at the hospital in Mulhouse, he began regular work once again as a doctor.In 1953, he convinced the management of the Cantonal Hospital of Geneva to open an anesthesiology department, of which he later became the director. He was also able to finally devote himself to medical research, which he presented in numerous journals and at conferences. In 1946, the USA wanted to honour Junod with the Medal of Liberty for his work on behalf of Allied prisoners in Japan, but a rule that Swiss citizens, while bound to military service, cannot accept foreign decorations, prevented him from receiving it. Four years later in 1950, he received the Gold Medal for Peace of Prince Carl of Sweden for his extensive humanitarian service. He was appointed a member of the ICRC on 23 October 1952 and elected vice-president in 1959. At the beginning of 1953, he relocated to Lullier, a small, charming village near Geneva, to find respite from his double burden as a physician and member of the ICRC. He spent almost all of his holidays with friends in Barcelona whom he knew from his mission in Spain.His positions in the ICRC sent him to Budapest, Vienna, Cairo, and elsewhere. In 1957 he attended the International Red Cross Conference in New Delhi, and in 1960 he visited national Red Cross societies in the Soviet Union, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Canada, and the United States. In December 1960 he was appointed Professor of Anesthesiology in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Geneva. <mask> died on 16 June 1961 in Geneva from a massive heart attack while working as an anesthesiologist in an operation. The ICRC received more than 3,000 letters and other messages of condolence from all over the world. In the same year, he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure by the government of Japan. On 8 September 1979 a monument to Junod was inaugurated in the Hiroshima Peace Park.Each year on the anniversary of his death a commemorative meeting is held in front of the monument. On 13 September 2005, 60 years after he left Hiroshima, a similar monument was inaugurated in Geneva by the town and cantonal authorities. The last sentence of the following quotation from the final chapter of Junod's book is written on the back of the Hiroshima monument:

. . . All these pictures are not merely out of the past. They are still with us all today and they will be with us still more tomorrow. Those wounded men and those pitiful captives are not things in a nightmare; they are near us now. Their fate is in our care.Let us place no reliance on the slender hope which lawyers have aroused by devising a form of words to place a check on violence. There will never be too many volunteers to answer so many cries of pain, to answer so many half-stifled appeals from the depths of prison and prison camp. Those who call for help are many. It is you they are calling. (Dr. <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons ICRC, Geneva, 1982, p. 312)

References

 <mask>d: Warrior without Weapons. Jonathan Cape Ltd, London 1951 (first English edition); Le Troisième Combattant. Verlagsanstalt Ringier & Cie, Zofingen 1947 (first French edition); Reprints of the English, French and Spanish editions by ICRC Publications, Geneva 1982
 <mask>d: The Hiroshima Disaster.ICRC, Geneva 1982
 André Durand: History of the International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume II: From Sarajevo to Hiroshima. Henry Dunant Institute, Geneva 1984,
 Caroline Moorehead: Dunant's dream: War, Switzerland and the history of the Red Cross. HarperCollins, London 1998,  (Hardcover edition); HarperCollins, London 1999,  (Paperback edition)
 Rainer Baudendistel: Force versus law: The International Committee of the Red Cross and chemical warfare in the Italo-Ethiopian war 1935-1936. In: International Review of the Red Cross. 322/1998. ICRC, p. 81-104, ISSN 1560-7755
 François Bugnion: Remembering Hiroshima.In: International Review of the Red Cross. 306/1995. ICRC, p. 307-313, ISSN 1560-7755
 Maggie Black: The children and the nations: The story of UNICEF. UNICEF, New York 1986,

External links
Genealogy of the Junod Families of Neuchâtel (Switzerland) - Dr <mask> (1904-1961)
History of the ICRC
<mask> (1904-1961): the Red Cross doctor who personified "the spirit of the thing"
Telegram from Fritz Bilfinger to <mask> on 30 August 1945 about the situation in Hiroshima (PDF facsimile)
ICRC Reprints of the English, French and Spanish editions of "Warrior without Weapons"
The Hiroshima MOST association's project of an animated film about <mask>d
Portrait of <mask>d published on ICRC Library and Archives blog CROSS-files

1904 births
1961 deaths
Red Cross personnel
Swiss anesthesiologists
Swiss humanitarians
UNICEF people
20th-century Swiss physicians
Swiss officials of the United Nations

masks:
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod
Richard Samuel Junod
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Junod
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod
Marcel Junod
Marcel Juno
Marcel Juno


texts:
<mask> is an American developmental and cell biologist at Princeton University, where he is the Director of the Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and a Professor of Molecular Biology. <mask> previously held appointments at the University of California, Berkeley, the University of California, San Diego, and Columbia University. He is notable for co-discovering the Homeobox in 1983 and for discovering the organization of the regulatory regions of developmental genes. Biography
<mask> was born in West Hollywood and raised in Los Angeles. <mask> studied biology as an undergraduate at UC Berkeley, studying biology with Allan Wilson and graduating in 1976. He went on to graduate studies at Yale, where he studied with Alan Garen and in 1981 received a Ph.D. in molecular biophysics and biochemistry. <mask> joined the Princeton faculty in 2015, and had been a professor at UC Berkeley after leaving UCSD in 1996.Discoveries

Homeobox discovery
<mask> was a post-doc with Walter Gehring in Switzerland from 1982 to 1983. There, he co-discovered the homeobox with Ernst Hafen and fellow post-doc William McGinnis:
After learning that Ultrabithorax, a gene that specifies the development of wings, showed a localized pattern of expression similar to that of Antennapedia, they decided to revisit the classic papers of Ed Lewis. In 1978, Lewis had proposed that all these homeotic genes (the ones that tell animals where to put a wing and where to put a leg and so on) arose from a common ancestral gene. So McGinnis carved up the Antennapedia gene and, using those pieces as probes, the trio identified eight genes, which turned out to be the eight homeotic genes in flies. "That pissed off a lot of people," says <mask>. "The homeotic genes were the trophies of the Drosophila genome. And we got 'em all.I mean, we got 'em all!" Far from being humble, <mask> says, "We were like, 'We kicked your ass pretty good, didn't we, baby!' Those were the days." Discovery of the eve stripe 2 enhancer
<mask> briefly returned to UC Berkeley as a postdoctoral fellow with Gerry Rubin. He then joined the faculty of Columbia University, where he "led the discovery of the modular organization of the regulatory regions of developmental genes." After isolating the even-skipped (eve) gene, <mask>'s team determined that each of the seven stripes was produced by separate enhancers. With further study they discovered that both a set of activators and a set of repressors worked together to shape the expression of eve in the second stripe, and determined that the repressors shut down only their binding enhancers, leaving other enhancers free of repression.Joseph Corbo said of the work, "Before <mask>'s studies of even-skipped stripe 2, it wasn't clear how you generated spatially restricted patterns of gene expression from initially broad crude gradients of morphogens. I think that the even-skipped stripe 2 studies were the defining studies that showed how an organism can interpret those gradients and turn them into specific patterns of gene expression. To me that's Mike's crowning achievement." Discoveries in the ascidian Ciona
After earning tenure in only four years at Columbia, <mask> moved to UCSD in 1991, where he added the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, to his repertoire. Although much of <mask>'s work, including his homeobox studies, has been done in Drosophila <mask>'s team is also prominent in work with the sea squirt, Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate that facilitates study of development. For example, this work included insights into classical myodeterminants and the composition of the notochord, the defining tissue of the chordate phylum. Awards
 1982 - Jane Coffin Childs Postdoctoral Fellowship
 1985 - Searle Scholars Research Fellowship
 1985 - Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship
 1996 - NAS Award in Molecular Biology - "For his insightful contributions to our understanding of gene regulation networks and molecular mechanisms governing the development of organisms with a segmented body plan."1998 - Elected to United States National Academy of Sciences in "Cellular and Developmental Biology" section: "Utilizing an elegant blend of in vitro and in vivo studies, <mask>bur Cross Medal (Yale Alumni Association)

Professional relations

<mask> cites as a significant influence his instructor Fred Wilt (taking his developmental biology class "was probably the single most galvanizing experience I had in terms of defining my future goals"), and cites fellow scientists Eric Davidson, Peter Lawrence and Christiane Nusslein-Volhard as "mentors [and] friends ... over the years". On choosing to become a research biologist, he described some family pressure to become a doctor ("Coming from a modest background, particularly a Jewish family, the pressure to become a doctor was intense"),

Fellow biologist Sean Carroll said of <mask>, "Mike's work has done for animal development what the work on the lac operon and phage lambda did for understanding gene regulation in simpler organisms ... [Those] two big discoveries had a very large conceptual significance for developmental biology and by extension for evolutionary biology." <mask> is well-known within academic biologist circles for his unconventional sense of humor, including an incident in which he lit a ring of fire around a postdoc:

"The most famous thing I ever did is I torched one of my postdocs," says <mask>. [Joseph] Corbo was there at the time. "Mike got a squirt bottle of ethanol, unbeknownst to this hapless postdoc who was sitting at his bench minding his own business," says Corbo.<mask> shot a ring of ethanol around the young man's seat and trailed a wick into the hallway. Then he lit it. "So this tongue of flame snaked into the lab and encircled this postdoc," says Corbo. "My technique was a little off and I put a little too much ethanol around his bench. So it's true, he was temporarily enveloped in a curtain of fire," says <mask>. "But the fire receded and he was ok."

Training

<mask> has trained researchers in developmental biology and molecular biology. They include Stephen Small, professor of biology at New York University, and David Hendrix, assistant professor at Oregon State University, and  Albert Erives, associate professor at University of Iowa.Notable papers
 (the homeobox paper)

Notes

External links
 Levine Lab website

 Seminars and Talks
<mask>'s Seminar Series: "Transcriptional Precision in the Drosophila Embryo"

 Interviews (print and video)
 Video interview with <mask>, "Evolution: 'Great Transformations'" (WGBH 2001). <mask> interviewed in "What Darwin Never Knew", PBS Nova, Dec. 21, 2011
 Video Interview with <mask> by Andrea Anderson, "The Biology of Genomes (2008)", SciVee (April 8, 2009)

 Profiles

 "25 Years of Homeodomain / Homeobox discovery", Evo devo, HOX, May 10, 2008. 21st-century American biologists
Developmental biologists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Jewish American scientists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Michael Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levineil
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine
Michael Levine
Levine
Levine
Levine


texts:
<mask> ( ; born August 29, 1950) is an American former professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a third baseman from 1973 to 1987 for the Baltimore Orioles, California Angels and St. Louis Cardinals. He also played for one season in the Nippon Professional Baseball league for the Yakult Swallows in 1988. In 1982, DeCinces won the Silver Slugger Award, which is awarded annually to the best offensive player at each position and, was a member of the 1983 American League All-Star team. In 2006, he was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame. Amateur career
DeCinces played PONY League Baseball and Colt League Baseball in Northridge, California, with fellow major league player Dwight Evans. He attended and played at Monroe High School in Sepulveda, California and Los Angeles Pierce College, and is in Pierce College's Athletic Hall of Fame.Professional career

Baltimore Orioles
He began his major league career at the age of 23 with the Baltimore Orioles late in the 1973 season. When the Orioles' Hall of Fame third baseman, Brooks Robinson retired at the end of the 1977 season, DeCinces was given the difficult task of replacing the legendary player. Despite being booed by Orioles fans in his first game as Robinson's replacement, he endured to play for the Orioles for a total of nine seasons. On June 22, 1979, <mask> hit a game-winning home run at Memorial Stadium off Detroit Tigers reliever Dave Tobik. The Orioles were trailing the Tigers 5-3 going into the bottom of the ninth inning. With one out, Ken Singleton hit a solo home run off Tobik to bring the Orioles within one. Eddie Murray reached base on a single, and, with two outs, DeCinces hit a two-run home run to give the Orioles a 6-5 victory.The win has been called "the night Oriole Magic was born." DeCinces said years later that the game and his home run "triggered something" and that "the emotion just multiplied from there," adding that the ensuing atmosphere of excitement was in no small part due to the excited call of the home run by announcers Bill O'Donnell and Charley Eckman on the Orioles' radio network. The Orioles went on to win the American League pennant in 1979. DeCinces tagged out Dan Ford who was attempting to advance to third base on a force play that ended Game 2 of the 1979 American League Championship Series. In 1981, DeCinces got into a feud with Jim Palmer after DeCinces missed a line drive hit by Alan Trammell in a game against the Tigers. According to DeCinces, Palmer "was cussing me out and throwing his hands in the air" after the play. "Those balls have to be caught," Palmer told a paper."<mask> is reluctant to get in front of a ball." "I'd like to know where Jim Palmer gets off criticizing others," DeCinces responded. "Ask anybody–they're all sick of it. We're a twenty-four man team–and one prima donna. He thinks it's always someone else's fault." The feud simmered until June, when Weaver said, "I see no cause for concern. The third baseman wants the pitcher to do a little better and the pitcher wants the third baseman to do a little better.I hope we can all do better and kiss and make up...The judge gave me custody of both of them." Palmer ultimately blamed Robinson for the dispute: "If Brooks hadn't been the best third-baseman of all time, the rest of the Orioles wouldn't have taken it for granted that any ball hit anywhere within the same county as Brooks would be judged perfectly, fielded perfectly, and thrown perfectly, nailing (perfectly) what seemed like every single opposing batter." California Angels

Both DeCinces and Ford were exchanged for each other in a trade that also sent Jeff Schneider from the Orioles to the Angels and was announced on January 28, 1982. The deal was delayed when Ford requested additional compensation because the Orioles were not one of six teams listed in his contract to which he could be traded without approval. The transaction became official upon his approval two days later on January 30. DeCinces' departure allowed rookie Cal Ripken Jr. to become the Orioles' new starting third baseman. In 1982, DeCinces hit three home runs in a game twice within a five day span for the Angels, first on August 3 in a 5-4 loss to the Minnesota Twins, and also on August 8 in a 9-5 victory over the Seattle Mariners.DeCinces was a member of the American League All Star Team in 1983. St. Louis Cardinals
Released by the Angels on September 23, 1987, he concluded his major league career by playing in four games for the St. Louis Cardinals late in the 1987 season. Japan
In 1988 DeCinces played for the Yakult Swallows in Japan. He missed the final two months of the season because of back problems and, on his doctors' advice, retired from baseball at the age of 37. His experiences in Japan led to him being hired as a consultant for the 1992 film Mr. Baseball, about a veteran American ballplayer who is traded to a Japanese baseball club and is forced to contend with overwhelming expectations and cultural differences during the team's run at the pennant. Career summary and statistics
DeCinces played for 15 seasons (1973–1987) in the major leagues for three different teams, including nine years with the Orioles and six years with the Angels.He twice finished in the top 25 voting for the American League Most Valuable Player, finishing third in 1982 and 11th in 1986 while playing for the California Angels. In 1982 he won the Silver Slugger Award, and in 23 postseason games, including three ALCS series and one World Series, he batted .270 (24-for-89) with 13 runs, 2 home runs and 9 RBI. DeCinces was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame on August 26, 2006.

Insider trading trial
On August 4, 2011, DeCinces, along with three others, was charged by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) with insider trading ahead of a company buyout. In a civil suit, the SEC alleged that DeCinces and his associates made more than $1.7 million in illegal profits when Abbott Park, Ill.-based Abbott Laboratories Inc. announced its plan to purchase Advanced Medical Optics Inc. through a tender offer. Without admitting or denying the allegations, DeCinces agreed to pay $2.5 million to settle the SEC's charges. In November 2012, DeCinces received a criminal indictment on insider trading related to the same incident and was charged with securities fraud and money laundering. On May 12, 2017, after a nearly two-month trial, a federal court jury in Santa Ana, California, found him guilty on 13 felony counts.He was also called to testify  in the trial of others implicated in the insider trading case. On August 12, 2019, DeCinces was sentenced to eight months of home detention and ordered to pay a $10,000 fine. Hall-of-Fame former ballplayer Rod Carew extolled the charitable contributions of DeCinces at the sentencing, telling the court, "I am here because he has done so much more for other people". Further reading
 Comak, Amanda. "DeCinces enjoying life as businessman". MLB.com. Retrieved on Thursday, August 14, 2008.References

External links
, or Baseball Reference Bullpen, or SABR BioProject, or Pelota Binaria (Venezuelan Winter League)

1950 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Japan
American League All-Stars
American sportspeople convicted of crimes
Asheville Orioles players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from California
Bluefield Orioles players
California Angels players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Dallas–Fort Worth Spurs players
LAPC Brahma Bulls baseball players
Major League Baseball third basemen
People convicted of insider trading
Sportspeople from Burbank, California
People from Laguna Beach, California
Rochester Red Wings players
Silver Slugger Award winners
St. Louis Cardinals players
Yakult Swallows players

masks:
Douglas Vernon DeCces
DeCinces
Doug


texts:
<mask>.M<mask> ()(born 24 November 1967) is a Vice President of the Egyptian State Council (Conseil d’Etat), Judge at the Egyptian Supreme Administrative Court, formerly Judge at the Court of Appeal (Contracts Circuit), Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators (UK), Visiting Professor and PhD examiner at the British and Egyptian Universities, in International State Contracts and Arbitration, particularly on infrastructure projects, Lecturer at the Cairo Regional Centre of the International Commercial Arbitration (CRCICA) and Arbitrator in the International Construction Contracts disputes, particularly International Public Works Agreements. <mask> is the State Prize Laureate in Academic Legal Research for 2011/2012. The Prize, which is the highest in the MENA region since 1958, was granted to him by the Arab Republic of Egypt. <mask> is a lecturer at the Arab League and BCDR-AAA. He is Member of the Comité Française d’Arbitrage. Early life

<mask> Sterling, the International Counsel to the Egyptian Government, as well as Baker McKenzie Egypt. He was a Senior Legal Advisor to HE the Egyptian Minister of Trade and Industry and formerly a Senior Legal Advisor in the Investment Sector in Egypt and represented the Egyptian Government at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva, for theBilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) negotiations where developing states were involved.<mask> is currently a senior legal adviser at the Legislation and Legal Opinion Commission, Ministry of Justice, Kingdom of Bahrain. <mask> has widely published at the UK, Germany and at the MENA region. Publications
 <mask>, <mask> A M, "International Investment Arbitration, Lessons from Developments in the MENA Region", Ashgate Publishing, UK, Europe, USA and Sydney. (hbk). (ebk – PDF). (ebk – ePUB). Arab Constitutions ‘ Current and Potential Challenges in the Arab Spring Revolutions Era'.A comparative Perspectives to Arab constitutions and European constitutions. The book is published By El Halabi Publishing company in Beirut - Lebanon in 495 pages (in Arabic). <mask>, <mask>, 'The International Administrative Contract and Arbitration in State Contracts' An analytical study to state contracts with private foreign entities in the light of the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules as amended in 2010, the new ICC Rules of 2012, and the FIDIC Forms of Contracts. The Study is a comparative perspective with the Anglo-American jurisdiction. ()
 <mask>, <mask>, ' Justice and Equality and its Effect to Maintain Citizenship in Arab Countries', Paper published at the First Arab Conference on the Development of the Culture of Law and National Awareness from 10 – 12 March 2013, Ar-rashid Hotel, Baghdad, Iraq. pp. 507–531.<mask>, <mask> AM, 'Perspectives on the public interests and the Second Republic Era in Egypt', Thoughts about the current political and constitutional situation in Egypt and whether Samuel Huntington's vision regarding the Clash of Civilization is true or not? The book deals with constitutional law issues and international relations aspects. () (15294/2012)
 <mask>, <mask>, Arab Arbitration Journal, December, The Law Journal of Cairo Regional Centre of International Commercial Arbitration(CRCICA), The Middle East Region, June, 2012, (in Arabic). <mask>, <mask> " International Infrastructure Agreements and PPPs in Developing Countries: Substantive Principles "With Special Reference to Arab and Latin American Countries". The European Public Private Partnership Law Review, EPPPL, Berlin, Germany, 3/ 2011. (). <mask>, <mask>, " Infrastructure Agreements and the Concerned Minister's Consent before starting Arbitration", Arab Arbitration Journal, December, The Law Journal of Cairo Regional Centre of International Commercial Arbitration(CRCICA), The Middle East Region, Dec. 2011,PP.171– 221, (in Arabic).<mask>, <mask> M, "Globalization and New International Public Works Agreements in Developing Countries "An Analytical Perspective", Ashgate Publishing, UK, Europe, USA and Sydney. The book is available in international markets since November 2011. The book deals with the influence of globalization to  'Le Contrat Administratif' and States' International Construction Contracts in developing countries in 15 chapters. ADR and International Arbitration are scrutinized in 6 chapters. A Foreword is written by HH Humphrey Lloyd QC. Endorsements were written by Prof. Christopher Bovis, University of Hull, UK, Professor Julian Lew, QC, Professor Yehyia El Gamal, Cairo University, and former Vice-Prime Minister in Egypt, till August, 2011( former minister 1974), and Professor Samir El Sharkawy, former Dean of Law School, Cairo University. (hbk)  (ebk).A  "Book Review" was published at the International Construction Law Review, UK, INFORMA, July, 2012, by Professor Doug Jones. (Editor-in-Chief)- (). Please visit: www.drmohamedismail.com
 <mask>, <mask>, "  Globalisation and New Contractual Regime in the International Public works Agreements in Egypt " The International Construction Law Review, Editors-in-Chief HH Humphrey Lloyd, Q C and Mr. Douglas Jones, Informa, London, UK, July 2010. (). <mask>, <mask>, "Globalization and Liquidated Damages in the Anglo-American Jurisdictions", in English, El Qanon Wel Eqtisad Law Journal, Cairo University Law Journal, Jan 2011. The leading authority in academia in the MENA region since 1930.Editorial Board consists of Cairo University Professors. (197/1975).<mask>, <mask> "Legal Globalisation and PPPs in Egypt". The European Public Private Partnership Law Review, EPPPL ( Germany), Editor -in –Chief Prof. Christopher Bovis, Berlin, Germany, 1/2010. (). <mask>, <mask> "Globalisation and Contract Price in the Egyptian State Procurement Law, New Trends, ". The International Construction Law Review, Editors-in-chief HH Humphrey Lloyd, QC and Mr. Douglas Jones, Informa, London,UK, Jan 2010. (). <mask>, <mask> "Public Economic Law and the New International Administrative Contract".A comparative and analytical study on the effect of cultural and legal globalization on the legal culture in Egypt in the domain of State international business transactions (legislation, litigation, and new transactions in Egypt such as PPP and BOOT Agreements). The book was published By El Halabi Publishing co in Beirut - Lebanon in 640 pages. in Arabic. (Available in all Arab market by 1 Dec 2009). The book was awarded the State Prize in Academic legal Research in the A.R.E, 2011/2012. This award is the highest award in the MENA region in academic research. ( )
 <mask>, <mask> "Globalisation and Liquidated Damages in International Public Works Agreements in Egypt, an Analytical Perspective on the Penalty for Delay Clause in Infrastructure Agreements".The International Construction Law Review, Editors-in-chief HH Humphrey Lloyd, QC and Mr Douglas Jones, Informa, London, UK, Oct 2009. (). <mask>, <mask> "New Perspectives on International Contracts and State Contracts" (2009). Published by El Halabi Publishing and Printing Co. Beirut - Lebanon. The book contains lectures in Arabic and in English delivered by the Author at the Cairo Regional Center for International Commercial Arbitration(CRCICA) on international construction contracts arbitration and oil and gas concession agreements. The book is 680 pages in Arabic and English. The book was awarded the State Prize in Academic legal Research in the A.R.E, 2011/2012.This award is the highest award in the MENA region in academic research. ( )
 <mask>, <mask> "International Construction Contracts Arbitration" (2003) Published by El Halabi Publishing and Printing Co. Beirut - Lebanon. The Book and Appendices are 840 pages (in Arabic). The latest version of the PhD thesis. <mask>, <mask>. "Thoughts about the State Procurement Law and State Contracting". Paper submitted in Arabic at the State Contracts and Procurements Conference, Cairo,-Cairo Regional Center of International Arbitration(CRCICA).<mask>, <mask>. "The New Role of the Second Parliament in Egypt". Article in El Ahram Newspaper, the widest circulating daily newspaper in Egypt and the Arab world. The article is dated 16 April 2001 (in Arabic). <mask>, <mask>. "The New Role of the Egyptian Conseil d’Etat". Article in El Ahram News Paper, the widest circulating daily newspaper in Egypt and the Arab world.This article is dated 30 July 2001 (in Arabic). <mask>, <mask> "International Construction Contracts Arbitrations". The New Legal hybrid Nature and its Impact on ' Le Contrat Administratif, PhD thesis. The thesis is published in Arabic, Cairo, in 478 pages. -  May, 2000. <mask>, <mask>. "Multi Party Arbitration in International Construction Contracts".Paper submitted at the International Construction Contracts Conference held in Nile Hilton, Cairo, The Cairo Regional Center of International Arbitration (CRCICA), June 1996 . Many other papers (in English and Arabic) presented at many international conferences and seminars in the area of International Commercial Arbitration, International Investment Arbitration, International Infrastructure agreements, International Construction Contracts Arbitration, Arbitration in International Public Works Agreements in the Developing Countries, Constitutional Law Theory and Practice in Arab Countries, Comparative perspective with USA and European Constitutions(i.e. French Constitution of the Fifth Republic, 1958, German Constitution 1949 as amended in 2002), human rights in the Arab countries. Dr <mask> has widely published with El Ahram News Paper,the widest circulating daily newspaper in Egypt and the Arab world, particularly in 2011, 2012, and 2013. References

1967 births
Egyptian judges
Living people
Egyptian lawyers
Egyptian politicians
Cairo University faculty

masks:
Mohamed A
. Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismailrman
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed AM
Ismail
Mohamed AM
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed A
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail
Mohamed
Ismail


texts:
<mask> (May 15, 1971 – October 27, 2018), known as <mask>, was an American guitarist, best known for his work with Warzone, Murphy's Law and Danzig. Biography
Schofield was born and raised in Passaic County, New Jersey and began playing in several New York City hardcore bands at a young age, leading to the nickname, <mask>. He debuted with Agnostic Front in 1983 but did not play on any recordings. <mask> also played for New York City act Warzone until around 1986. He joined Murphy's Law (another New York City band) that year, recording on various works with them, including three full-length albums. <mask> performed with Murphy's Law until 1995. After leaving Murphy's Law, he recorded a single with a band named The Homewreckers in 1996.Around this time <mask> evolved his style from hardcore to implementing some of his 1970s punk influences, such as New York Dolls, Dead Boys and The Heartbreakers, thus he joined famous New York City glam punk band D Generation, replacing Richard Bacchus on guitar. He was with D Generation from 1996 to 1998 and recorded on their album Through The Darkness, and <mask> co-wrote the track "Sunday Secret Saints" with Jesse Malin. Chrome Locust was formed by <mask>, D Generation drummer Michael Wildwood, and Vásquez bassist Jim Heneghan in 1998. On May 25, 1999, Chrome Locust released a self-titled album on Tee Pee Records. The cover art was reminiscent of The Age Of Quarrel by Cro-Mags. In a late interview, <mask> stated that The Age Of Quarrel by Cro-Mags was one of the best hardcore records ever released. <mask> disbanded Chrome Locust in order to audition for Danzig, despite having a potential offer to tour with The Hellacopters.<mask> was also contacted to audition for Foo Fighters during this period. He stated that his decision to audition for Danzig, instead of Foo Fighters, had to do with having more fun on tour and the chance to work with Joey Castillo, who was also from the hardcore punk rock scene, having played with Wasted Youth. Playing with Danzig and Samhain
During the summer of 1999, he successfully auditioned for Danzig; he joined as the guitarist. Coincidentally, former D Generation bandmate, bassist Howie Pyro, joined Danzig soon after. The same year Glenn Danzig had reformed his horror punk band Samhain, guitarist Damien decided not to join the band for their reunion tour, thus <mask> was asked to replace him. <mask> only had three months to practice and learn the Samhain and Danzig sets. Although not an original member of Samhain, fans welcomed him to the lineup, some even mistaking him for Damien.The band AFI had toured with Samhain during 1999, and their frontman Davey Havok was a longtime fan, so in 2000 <mask>n members London May and Steve Zing masterminded horror punk band Son of Sam,. This featured Davey Havok on vocals and on their album Songs from the Earth with guest appearances from Glenn Danzig. With Danzig, <mask> recorded the studio album, I Luciferi, released in 2002, which featured Glenn Danzig, Howie Pyro and future Queens of the Stone Age drummer Joey Castillo. <mask>'s guitar work was also included on the live album, Live on the Black Hand Side, released in 2001 and the compilation record, The Lost Tracks of Danzig, released in 2007. <mask> left the group in 2003 but kept in contact with Glenn Danzig through the years. He rejoined Danzig in 2007 for the Halloween Tour. He left Danzig again, to join Glen Campbell's band.<mask> stated that his father, who also was a musician, was overjoyed to hear about his opportunity with Campbell, which he considered to be <mask>'s big break in the music business. Recent times
<mask> also played with Motörhead in May 2003, filling in for three dates on Motörhead's tour of the United States, as Phil Campbell's mother had died and he was unable to continue on tour. <mask> led Los Angeles rockers The Chelsea Smiles, which in some ways marked a return to the style of music <mask> played with D Generation, with the band implementing similar influences, such as The Stooges, New York Dolls, MC5 and Chuck Berry. They released their debut EP Nowhere Ride in 2005. The debut full-length Chelsea Smiles album Thirty Six Hours Later was released in November 2006, and its European release date was early December of the same year. The Chelsea Smiles were invited by Social Distortion to open for them in 2006. The Chelsea Smiles later toured Europe in 2007.In 2008, <mask> reformed the band, Son of Sam, but Davey Havok did not return on vocals. As with the first Son of Sam release, all of the music was written by <mask>. 2008 and 2009 also saw <mask> joining singer Glen Campbell's band. <mask> recorded three songs on Glen's comeback record Meet Glen Campbell. <mask> did various TV show appearances (Jimmy Kimmel, The Tonight Show) and toured the UK in support of the release. In 2009, the Chelsea Smiles released a new, self-titled release. The band undertook a short UK tour with horror punk artist Wednesday 13, in support of the release.At the end of 2009, the Chelsea Smiles decided the end had come for the band and changed the name to the Royal Highness. <mask> began writing with Wednesday 13 with plans to record an album under the band name Gunfire 76. The band had more of a rock sound than Wednesday 13. <mask> joined Cheap Trick performing the "Sgt. Pepper Live" show at the Las Vegas Hilton in September 2009. He appeared on Cheap Trick's album, The Latest with the blessing of guitarist, Rick Nielsen. During an interview, <mask> recalled Nielsen calling him a member of the New Jersey Dolls, as a reference to his former band, D Generation.In January 2010 <mask> was announced as the second guitarist with Michael Monroe during a press conference held in Los Angeles. The band also featured Sam Yaffa on bass, guitarist, Ginger, from The Wildhearts, and Jimmy Clarke on drums. <mask>'s tenure with Michael Monroe was cut short due to issues with band management as well as an offer to audition and tour with his childhood hero, Ace Frehley. <mask> did not confirm that he had left Monroe's band until the end of March, 2010. By the end of March 2010, <mask> was confirmed as the permanent touring guitarist with ex-Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley. <mask> stated that Ace didn't require rehearsal before performing in concert, quoting Ace as saying, "Eh, you know the songs, right?" <mask> fit in well with Ace's band and often took center stage to sing the classic Kiss song, "Flaming Youth."He was also featured with the  rest of the band in the photos section of Frehley's book, No Regrets. <mask> worked with Frehley for roughly four years. At the end of 2010, <mask> toured with Jesse Malin and the St. Mark's Social. In 2010, the first single "American Dream" was released on One Voice by Capricorn, a band formed by <mask>, Phil Caivano (of Monster Magnet) and Karl Rosqvist (of The Chelsea Smiles and Michael Monroe). <mask> played several shows as the lead guitarist for The Joneses in 2015 and by 2017 he returned to his hardcore roots when joining hardcore punk supergroup, Bloodclot. On July 14, 2017, Bloodclot released a record entitled Up in Arms. Along with <mask>, the band also featured vocalist John Joseph (Cro-Mags), Nick Oliveri (Dwarves) and Joey Castillo (Danzig).The band toured with Negative Approach in the US and planned on touring the UK in 2018, but split up before doing so. <mask> cited differences in opinion regarding band matters with Joseph. On August 18, 2017, <mask> played his first show with his new band Fireburn. A hardcore punk band that features Israel Joseph I (formerly of Bad Brains), Nick Townsend (currently/formerly of Deadbeat, Knife Fight), and <mask> (currently/formerly of Nails, Terror). They released their first EP on Closed Casket Actvites titled Don't Stop the Youth. On October 1, 2017, <mask> held a tribute to his former Warzone bandmate, Raymond Barbieri AKA Raybeez, on the 20th anniversary of his death, at Tompkins Square Park in NYC. Many hardcore contemporaries took part in this tribute alongside <mask>.Death
On October 27, 2018, <mask> died at the age of 47. A memorial was held for <mask> in California on November 4, 2018, at the Velvet Margarita Cantina and another was held in New York at Niagra (formerly A7) on November 8, 2018. The memorials featured musicians and friends from the hardcore scene and bands he had worked with, playing and speaking in his honor. H.R. and Dr. Know from <mask>'s favorite band, Bad Brains, performed at the New York memorial. H.R. is also featured on the song "Todd Youth", a tribute his D Generation bandmate Jesse Malin released in 2020.Some of <mask>'s ashes were placed by his daughters at the Hare Krishna Tree in Tompkins Square Park on the night of the New York memorial. The remaining ashes were spread, per his wishes, in the holy Yamuna River in India by his daughters on November 16, 2018. <mask>, a follower of the Hare Krishna movement, also went by the spiritual name, Tarun Krishna Das. Discography
This discography documents the recordings <mask> played on during his time with the various bands that he was a part of, throughout his musical career. With Murphy's Law
 Back with a Bong - (1989)
 The Best of Times - (1991)
 Dedicated- (1996)
 Monster Mash - Single - (1991)
 Good for Now - EP - (1993)
 My Woman from Tokyo - Single - (1995)
 Dedicated - (1996)

With The Homewreckers
 "I Want More" - Single - (1996)

With D Generation
Prohibition - EP - (1998)
Helpless - Single - (1998)
Through The Darkness - (1999)

With Chrome Locust
Chrome Locust - (1999)

With Son of Sam
Songs from the Earth - (2000)
Into The Night - (2008)

With Danzig
Live on the Black Hand Side - (2001)
I Luciferi - (2002)
The Lost Tracks of Danzig - (2007)

With The Chelsea Smiles
Nowhere Ride - EP - (2005)
Thirty Six Hours Later - (2006)
self-titled - (2009)

With Glen Campbell
Meet Glen Campbell - (2008)
Greatest Hits - (2009)

With Cheap Trick
The Latest - (2009)

With Bloodclot
 Up In Arms - (2017)

With Fireburn
 Don't Stop the Youth - EP - (2017)
 "Shine" - Single - (2018)

Filmography
American Hardcore - (2006)
Kiss Loves You - (2007)

References

1971 births
2018 deaths
American punk rock guitarists
Place of death missing
People from New Jersey
Horror punk musicians
Motörhead members
Danzig (band) members
Samhain (band) members
Agnostic Front members

masks:
Todd Schofield
Todd Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Todd
Youth
Youthhai
Youth
Todd
Youth
Youth
Todd
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Todd Jones
Youth
Youth
Todd Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Youth
Todd Youth


texts:
<mask> (20 July 1924 – 31 January 2020), was a French Roman Catholic missionary. He was also a pre-Tertiary geologist/paleontologist, Paleozoic corals specialist, and archaeologist. Biography

<mask> was born in Normandy, France in July 1924. Admitted into the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris and ordained in 1948, he was sent to Hanoi (Vietnam) in 1951 as professor at the Petit Séminaire. Meantime, he plunged into the study of Devonian corals of Indochina and Yunnan. In 1954 when Viet Nam was divided into North and South, he settled at Saigon. When he arrived in Saigon, there was neither a geological survey nor geologists.Upon the request of the Government of South Viet Nam, he set up and oversaw the new Geological Survey, and carried out research into limestone and coal for developing a cement factory and coal mine, pure silica sands for glassworks, and mineral springs for drinking and medicinal waters. Mineral water of the Dangun Spring (Province of Binh Thuân), one of the studied springs, has been exploited and bottled under the name Laska; its label mentions discovery in the 1950s by the French scientist H<mask>. He released the only annual geological publication Archives géologiques du Viet Nam of which the first number came out in 1952 at Hanoi under the direction of Edmond Saurin who was the last chief of Geological Survey of Indochina. From then on to 1975, this publication went through 16 new editions under his responsibility. Early 1960, after getting Doctorat ès Sciences (PhD) at the University of Paris (Sorbonne, France), he was officially appointed expert-geologist to the Geological Survey of the Republic of Viet Nam, dependent himself on the Department of Cultural and Technical Cooperation (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France) from then on to 1976. He founded the Department of Geology of the University of Huê (ancient imperial capital) and supported post-graduate students at the Faculty of Sciences of Saigon. His research improved the geological maps 1/2 000 000 of the former French Indochina, the geological understanding of coastal areas, islands of the Gulf of Thailand, and early Quaternary alluvial formations in the northwest of Saigon.He also contributed to developing pilot studies in order to build up dams on different rivers (La Nga, Dông Nai ...) and to explore heavy minerals in dunes of sand, along the eastern coast, and bauxite on basaltic plateaus. On fieldworks, he discovered a prehistoric site at Phuoc Tân (on the route to Bà Ria) and unearthed many others (Ngai Thang, Cù lao Rùa, ...). Furthermore, he studied some archeological sites (Dau Giay, Hoà Vinh near Phan Thiêt). In 1971, with Hoang Thi Than, he discovered a funeral jars site at Phu Hoa (Province of Dông Nai). The sites of Hoà Vinh and Phu Hoà belong to the Sa Huynh Culture. Late 1978, he was officially appointed cooperating expert to the CCOP (Coordinating Committee for Coastal and Offshore Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia) which is based at Bangkok (Thailand) and supported until 1991 by the United Nations; thereafter it was sponsored by member countries and cooperating countries. From 1973 onwards, the CCOP has conducted a research project entitled "Pre-Tertiary Petroleum Potentials in the CCOP Region" with the support of the French Government which appointed his experts on pre-Tertiary geology and palaeontology to the CCOP.<mask> succeeded Mr André Bonnet, another French geologist, and spent many months each year in Asia. He died in l’Haÿ-les-Roses, near Paris, in January 2020 at the age of 95. Selected bibliography
(See also references)

 1971 - Viet Nam-Kampuchia-Lao, carte géologique = Geological map = Ban do dia chat (Reviewed and completed by H. <mask>), Insets: Quan Dao Hoang Sa (Paracel) - Quan Dao Truong Sa (Spratly), scale 1:2,000,000, 99x69 cm, 3rd ed. Nat. Geogr. Directorate VN. Dalat (Viet Nam).http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/46282704
 1973 - (and G. Délibrias) - Ancient marine levels of the Quaternary in Viet Nam. Journ. Hong Kong Archeol. Soc., 4: 29–33. Hong Kong. (Translation: W. Meacham). http://hkjo.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/6535d7b21578a177074b4bde0136d17f.1980 - Edmond Saurin (1904–1977), Asian Perspectives, 23 (1): 1-8, Honolulu. http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/16886/AP-v23n1-obit.pdf?sequence=1
 1980 - On the extent of the Sa Huynh Culture in continental Southeast Asia. Asian Perspectives, 23(1): 67–69. Honolulu. http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/16891/AP-v23n1-67-69.pdf?sequence=1
 1980 - (and J.H.C.S. Davidson) – The archaeological site of Hoa Vkinh near Phan Thiet, Central Viet Nam. Asian Perspectives, 23 (1) : 71-98, Honolulu.http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/16892/AP-v23n1-71-98.pdf?sequence=1
 1982 - (and R. Ingavat and D. Vachard) - Carboniferous corals from Northeast Thailand. Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, 15: 47-56, 2 pl. Kuala Lumpur. http://www.gsm.org.my/products/702001-101187-PDF.pdf
 1984 - (and D.T.Nguyen, D. Vachard, C. Vozenin-Serra).The Permian of Southeast Asia. CCOP Conf. Proc. Ed., 338p. Bangdung (Indonesia). http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/21249670

 1989 - (and S. Gafoer) - The pre-Tertiary fossils of Sumatra and their environments. 22nd Session, CCOP Conf.Proc. Ed. : 356 p. Bangkok. http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/7047624

 1990 - (and L. Beauvais, M. Caridroit, C. Chonglakmani, P. David, E. Espiritu, S. Gafoer, Y. Jongkanjanasoontorn, H. P. Khoo, S. Lovachalasupaporn, B. Mistiaen, D.T. Nguyen, C. Poumot, B. Sektheera, B. Songsirikul, Suharsono, V. Suteethorn, W. Tantiwanit, V. Tansuwan, D.T. Tong and D. Vachard ) - Ten Years of CCOP research on the pre-Tertiary of East Asia. CCOP Techn.Publ., 20: 375 p.. Bangkok. http://trove.nla.gov.au/version/27183981

 <mask>, N. Sattayarak and V. Suteethorn (1994) Permian corals of Thailand. CCOP Technical Bull., 24, 171 p. including 31 pl.. Chishitsu Chōsajo (Japan). 1995 - (and Ibrahim B. A.) – Biostratigraphy of the Kinta Valley, Perak. Geol.Soc. Malaysia Bull., 38: 159-172, 4 pl. http://www.gsm.org.my/products/702001-100916-PDF.pdf

 1999 - (and Ibrahim B. A. and D. Vachard) – Important discovery of late Early Permian limestone in southern Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. GEOSEA’1998 Proceedings, Bull. Geol. Soc.Malaysia Bull., 43: 455 – 460. http://www.gsm.org.my/products/702001-100795-PDF.pdf
 1999 - (and S. Salyapongse and D. Vachard) – The Carboniferous of East Thailand – new information from microfossils. GEOSEA’1998 Proceedings, Bull. Geol. Soc. Malaysia, Bull., 43: 461 – 465. http://www.gsm.org.my/products/702001-100794-PDF.pdf
 1999 - (and Bunopas S., J. T. Wasson, P. Vella, H<mask>, S. Hada, C. Burrett, T. Supajunya and S. Khositanont) - The Early Quaternary global terrestrial impact of a whole comet in the Australasian tektite field, newest apparent evidences and discoveries from Thailand and East Asia. GEOSEA’1998 Proceedings, Geol. Soc.Malaysia Bull., 43: 555 – 575. http://www.gsm.org.my/products/702001-100784-PDF.pdf
 2000 - (and S. Salayapongse, V. Suteenthorn, D. Vachard) –Widespread occurrence of Triassic Limestones Northwest of Uthai Thani in West Thailand. Nat . Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 48: 7 – 19, 13 fig.. Bangkok. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/nhbsspdf/vol041-050/NHBSS_048_1h_Fontaine_WidespreadOccurr.pdf

 2003 - (and S. Salayapongse, V. Suteenthorn) - Glimpses into Fossil Assemblages of Thailand: Coral Perspectives. Nat .Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 51(1): 37 – 67, 9 fig.. Bangkok. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/nhbsspdf/vol051-060/NHBSS_051_1h_Fontaine_GlimpsesIntoFoss.pdf
 2005 - (and S. Salayapongse, V. Suteenthorn) - Fossil Biodiversity in the Limestones of Thailand: A Cornucopia of Information about the History of Life. Nat . Hist. Bull.Siam Society, 53(1): 33 – 70, 11 fig.. Bangkok. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/nhbsspdf/vol051-060/NHBSS_053_1h_Fontaine_FossilBiodiversi.pdf
 2007 - (and V. Suteenthorn) - Carboniferous Corals of Pang Mapha District, Northwest Thailand. Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 53(1): 199-221, 13 fig.. Bangkok. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/nhbsspdf/vol051-060/NHBSS_055_2e_Fontaine_CarboniferousCor.pdf
 2012 - (and S. Kavinate, T. T. Hoang, and D. Vachard) - Permian Limestone of Peninsular and Western Thailand in Khao Yoi, Chaam and Thong Pha Phum Areas.Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Society, 58: 39-47, 6 fig.. Bangkok. http://www.siamese-heritage.org/nhbsspdf/vol051-060/NHBSS_058_1k_Fontaine_PermianLimestone.pdf

References

External links
 Asian Perspectives
 Committee for Geoscience Programmes in East and Southeast Asia
 Geological Survey of Malaysia
 Missions étrangères de Paris
 Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society
 National Library of Australia

1924 births
2020 deaths
French archaeologists
French expatriates in Vietnam
French geologists
French Roman Catholic missionaries

masks:
Henri Fontaine
Fontaine
. Fontaine
Father Fontaine
Fontaine
Henri Fontaine
. Fontaine


texts:
<mask> (c. 1579–1647) was an early colonist in North America from Devon, England. A lawyer, writer, and social reformer known for studying Native American culture, he founded the colony of Merrymount, located in what is now Quincy, Massachusetts. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Devon in 1579, into a conservative Anglican family belonging to the landed gentry. Devon at that time was seen as the "dark corner of the land" by Protestant reformers, for its traditionalist intransigence, which included not only a High Church Anglicanism that shared many traits with Catholicism, but a paternalistic populism combined with rural folk tradition that to the Puritans seemed close to paganism. To locals, however, it was merely "Old England"a culture firmly ingrained in them. In the late 1590s <mask> studied law at London's Clifford's Inn, where he made influential contacts and lasting friendships. He was also exposed to a popular Renaissance Classicism and to the "libertine culture" of the Inns of Court, where bawdy revels included Gesta Grayorum performances associated with Francis Bacon and Shakespeare, It is likely that he there met Ben Jonson, who would remain a friend throughout his life.Though an ardent Royalist, <mask> became a proponent of common Law against the emerging direct legal powers of the Crown and Star Chamber. The early years of the 17th century saw <mask> travelling between London and the Devonshire countryside as a legal champion of displaced countrymen "whose economic straits filled new tent-cities, furnished prisons and gallows, and pushed Devon men to the Bristol sea-trades". He eventually settled into the service of Ferdinando Gorges, governor of the English port of Plymouth and a major colonial entrepreneur. Gorges, an associate of Sir Walter Raleigh who had been part of Robert Devereux's Essex Conspiracy, was heavily involved in the "permissive" economy of the seas, and with many interests in New England would become the founder of the colony of Maine. <mask> initially served him in a legal capacity in England, but after failed marriage plans in 1618 (due to the influence of a Puritan stepson) he decided to become one of Gorges's "landsmen" to oversee his interests in the colonies. Neither experience would enamour him of the Puritans. Mount Wollaston
<mask> took a three-month exploratory trip to America in 1622, but was back in England by early 1623 complaining of intolerance in certain elements of the Puritan community.He returned in 1624 as a senior partner in a Crown-sponsored trading venture, aboard the ship the Unity with his associate Captain Wollaston and 30 indentured young men. They settled and began trading for furs on a spit of land given by native Algonquian tribes, whose culture <mask> is said to have seen as more "civilized and humanitarian" than that of his "intolerant European neighbours". "He revived forbidden old-world customs, faced off with a Puritan militia determined to quash his pagan festivals, and wound up in exile." The Pilgrim separatists of the New England Plymouth Colony objected to sales of guns and liquor to the natives in exchange for furs and provisions, which at the time was technically illegal, although almost everyone was doing it. The weapons undoubtedly acquired by the Algonquians were used to defend themselves against raids from the northern Amerindian tribes, not against the fearful colonists. The trading post set up by the two men soon expanded into an agrarian colony that became known as Mount Wollaston – now Quincy, Massachusetts. <mask> fell out with Wollaston after discovering that Wollaston had been selling indentured servants into slavery on the Virginian tobacco plantations.Powerless to prevent Wollaston's slaving, <mask> encouraged the remaining servants to rebel against Wollaston's harsh rule and organize themselves into a free community. Wollaston fled with his supporters to Virginia in 1626, leaving <mask> in sole command of the colony, or its "host" as he preferred to be called, which was renamed Mount Ma-re (a play on "merry" and "the sea") or simply Merrymount. Under <mask>'s "hostship", an almost utopian project was begun, in which the colonists were declared free men or "consociates" and a degree of integration into local Algonquian culture was attempted. However, it was <mask>'s long-term plan to "further civilize" the native population by converting them to his liberal form of Christianity and providing them with free salt for food preservation, so enabling them to give up hunting and settle permanently. <mask> referred to Book 3 of his New English Canaan memoirs as a manual on "how not to colonize" – referring to the Puritan practices. <mask>'s religious beliefs were criticized by the Puritans of nearby Plymouth Colony as little more than a thinly disguised form of heathenism; they suspected him of "going native". Scandalous rumours spread of debauchery at Merrymount, which they claimed included immoral sexual liaisons with native women under what amounted to drunken orgies in honour of Bacchus and Aphrodite, or as the Puritan Governor William Bradford wrote in his history Of Plymouth Plantation,  <mask> had taken traditional West Country May Day customs to the colony, and combined them with fashionable classical myth, couched to his own libertine tastes and fuelled by the enthusiasm of his newly freed fellow colonists.On a practical level the annual May Day festival was not only a reward for his hardworking colonists, but a joint celebration with Native tribes who also marked the day, and a chance for mostly male colonists to find brides among the natives. Puritan ire was no doubt also fuelled by the fact that Merrymount was the fastest-growing colony in New England, rapidly becoming the most prosperous, as an agricultural producer and in the fur trade, where Plymouth Colony was trying to build a monopoly. The Puritan account of this regarded the colony as a decadent nest of good-for-nothings that annually attracted "all the scum of the country" to the area, or as Peter Lamborn Wilson puts it, "a Comus-crew of disaffected fur traders, antinomians, loose women, Indians and bon-vivants". Banishment by the Puritans

The second 1628 Mayday, "Revels of New Canaan", inspired by "Cupid's mother" – with its "pagan odes" to Neptune and Triton (as well as Venus and her lustful children, Cupid, Hymen and Priapus), its drinking song, and its erection of a huge  Maypole, topped with deer antlers – that proved too much for the "Princes of Limbo", as <mask> referred to his Puritan neighbours. The Plymouth militia under Myles Standish took the town the following June with little resistance, chopped down the Maypole and arrested <mask> for "supplying guns to the Indians". He was put in stocks in Plymouth, given a trial and finally marooned on the deserted Isles of Shoals, off the coast of New Hampshire, until an "English ship could take him home", as he was believed too well connected to be imprisoned or executed (as later became the penalty for blasphemy in the colony). He was essentially left to starve on the island, but supplied with food by friendly natives from the mainland, who were said to be bemused by the events, and he eventually gained strength to escape to England under his own volition.The Merrymount community survived without <mask> for another year, but was renamed Mount Dagon by the Puritans, after the Semitic sea god, and they pledged to make it a place of woe. During the severe winter famine of 1629 residents of New Salem under John Endecott raided Mount Dagon's plentiful corn supplies and destroyed what was left of the Maypole, denouncing it as a pagan idol and calling it the "Calf of Horeb". <mask> returned to the colony soon after, and after finding most inhabitants had been scattered, was rearrested, again put on trial and banished from the colonies. The following year the colony of Mount Dagon was burned to the ground and <mask> shipped back to England. Barely surviving his harsh treatment during his journey into exile, he regained his strength in 1631, and after a short spell in an Essex jail, was released and began to sue the Massachusetts Bay Company, the political power behind the Puritans. To the surprise of Protestant supporters of "Plymouther Separatists", <mask> won strong backing for his cause and was treated as a champion of liberty. With the help of his original backer, Ferdinando Gorges, he became the attorney of the Council of New England against the Massachusetts Bay Company.The real political force behind him, however, was the hostility of King Charles I to the Puritan colonists. In 1635, <mask>'s efforts were successful, and the Company's charter was revoked. Major political rearrangements occurred thereafter in New England, though these were mainly due to colonial rejection of the court decision, subsequent isolation, lack of supplies and overpopulation, and increased conflict between foreign colonists and natives. Nonetheless, Plymouth became a place of woe, and many left Massachusetts for the relative safety of Connecticut. "New English Canaan"

In 1637 <mask> became a political celebrity with the publication of his three-volume New English Canaan, based on notes of his legal campaign. <mask> produced in these three books an inspired denunciation of Puritan government in the colonies and their policy of land enclosure against the native population, who were described as a far nobler culture, and defined as a Canaan under attack from the "New Israel" of the Puritans. "His New English Canaan mounted a harsh and heretical critique of Puritan customs and power structures that went far beyond what most New England settlers could accept.So they banned it – making it likely the first book explicitly banned in what is now the United States." He summed up his magnum opus with a call to "demartialise" the colonies and create a multicultural New Canaan along the lines of Merrymount, as well as tantalisingly describing the commercial worth of North America. Ultimately, though, very different things would emerge with the reorganisation of New England and the introduction of the triangular trade. At this time Gorges was declared the new Governor of the Colonies by King Charles I, though he would never set foot in America. Yet <mask>'s victory was cut short by the beginning of the English Civil War, which was triggered by reactions to Charles's absolutism and by agitation from the Puritans. In 1642 <mask> planned to flee to New England with Gorges, but when his aged mentor failed to make the trip, he returned alone as Gorges' agent in Maine. Sedition trial and death
After an ill-conceived triumphal return to the Plymouth Colony, he was arrested and accused of being a Royalist "agitator", and put on trial for his role in revoking the colony's charter, and on charges of sedition.By September he was imprisoned in Boston. His trial was delayed through winter "so evidence could be sought," but none arrived. As his health began to fail, his petition for clemency was granted. Isolated from his supporters by the English Civil War, he ended his days amid the West Country planters of Maine, protected there by Gorges' supporters. He died in 1647 at the age of 71. Legacy
The first edition of New English Canaan was destroyed by the English government in 1637 with a small number of copies surviving in the Netherlands. The Prince Society reprinted the original Amsterdam's edition of New English Canaan in 1883 with a foreword written by Charles Francis Adams Jr.

Jack Dempsey, an academic and writer, spent over ten years preparing the first edited edition of <mask>'s book including researching and writing <mask>'s biography, which was published in 1999.Evaluation
In 1628 Governor of the Plymouth Colony William Bradford famously declared <mask> a "Lord of Misrule.On 12 October 1812, John Adams, who studied history of Mount Wollaston, wrote the following to <mask> about <mask>'s book,

In O Brave New World: American Literature from 1600 to 1840, a paperback original "Critical Anthology of American Literature" edited by Leslie A. Fiedler and Arthur Zeiger, the editors include selections on <mask> from <mask>'s and Bradford's accounts in the section "The Heritage of Melancholy". In the section introduction, the editors write:

<mask>'s The New English Canaan has been described as "an important work of early American environmental writing", as well as the first book banned in America.Joshua J. Mark. New English Canaan, World History Encyclopedia, 11 December 2020

Harrison T. Meserole describes <mask> as "America's first rascal". Ed Simon, an academic and writer focusing on seventeenth-century literature, argues that <mask> "remains a powerful disruptive presence in the common founding myth of American identity." In literature
Nathaniel Hawthorne's story "The May-Pole of Merry Mount" in his Twice-Told Tales (1837) and J. L. Motley's Merry Mount (1849) are based on <mask>'s colonial career.Merry Mount is a 1933 opera with libretto written by Richard Stokes and music by Howard Hanson. Based on Hawthorne's story, it premiered in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1933 and at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City in 1934.Seldom performed, it was revived in 2014. A suite compiled from the opera by Hanson is available in several recordings. <mask> appears as a member of the "jury of the damned" summoned by the Devil in Stephen Vincent Benet's short story, The Devil and Daniel Webster (1936). Philip Roth references <mask> and the colony of Merrymount in his novel The Dying Animal. <mask> is a central character in Robert Lowell's play "Endecott and the Red Cross", first published in a trilogy of one-act plays, The Old Glory (1965). Lowell cites <mask>'s book New Canaan'' and Hawthorn's story "The Maypole of Merry Mount" as two of his sources for the play. "The Disturber"  by L. S. Davidson Jr., published by Macmillan Company in 1964, is a fictional account of <mask>.References

Further reading
<mask>, <mask>. New English Canaan, or, New Canaan: Containing an abstract of New England, composed in three bookes: the first booke setting forth the originall of the natives, their manners and customes, together with their tractable nature and love towards the English: the second booke setting forth the naturall indowments of the country, and what staple commodities it yealdeth: the third booke setting forth, what people are planted there, their prosperity, what remarkable accidents have happened since the first planting of it, together with their tenents and practise of their church. Printed at Amsterdam By Iacob Frederick Stam, 1637
<mask>, <mask>, and Charles Francis Adams. The New English Canaan of <mask>: With Introductory Matter and Notes. Boston: Prince Society, 1883. <mask>, <mask>, and Jack Dempsey. New English Canaan: Text and Notes.Scituate, MA: Digital Scanning, 1999. External links

<mask>'s and Bradford's accounts of the Merrymount affair archive.org version of old aol.com site. More <mask> on Merrymount at swarthmore.edu. Hawthorne's fictional version at Ned .edu. <mask>'s account of Native Americans at fordham.edu.a

People of colonial Massachusetts
1647 deaths
1580s births
Lawyers from Devon
16th-century English people
17th-century English people
Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony

masks:
Thomas Morton
Thomas Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Thomas Jefferson
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Morton
Thomas Morton
Morton
Thomas
Morton
Thomas
Thomas Morton
Morton
Thomas
Morton
Morton
Morton