texts:
<mask> (, Devanagari: ) (born Stephen Guarino on December 6, 1939) is a senior disciple of Bhaktivedanta Swami, who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), better known in the West as the Hare Krishna movement. Serving as a writer, poet, and artist, <mask> is the author of Bhaktivedanta Swami's authorized biography, Srila Prabhupada-lilamrta. After Prabhupada]]'s death, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of the eleven disciples selected to initiate future disciples. <mask>, (Sanskrit: ), is one of the first few Westerners ordained by Bhaktivedanta Swami in September 1966. He is a Vaishnava writer, poet, and lecturer, who published over a hundred books including poems, memoirs, essays, novels, and studies based on the Vaishnava scriptures. Honorifics
 His Holiness
 Srila Gurupada
 Paramahamsa
 Maharaja

Early years

He was born Stephen Guarino, the elder of two children, to Italian Roman Catholic parents in Staten Island, New York and attended  Brooklyn College. In July 1966 he met A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami who registered the ISKCON a month later.Bhaktivedanta Swami soon began assigning him typing tasks which Satsvarupa understood "to be yoga". On September 23, 1966 he was ordained in the new Gaudiya Vaishnava movement. After Bhaktivedanta died, he was one of eleven disciples selected to become an initiating guru in ISKCON. Writings
His writings were translated to over forty languages by the Bhaktivedanta Book Trust and Gita Nagari Press. He was also asked by Bhaktivedanta Book Trust to complete a number of works, started by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami. Biographies
His books include Srila Prabhupada-Lilamrta, a biography of Prabhupada., He Lives Forever (1978) (lectures on the significance of Bhaktivedanta'ss death) and five volumes of Prabhupada Nectar (1983–86) (collection of anecdotes told by Bhaktivedanta Swami's disciples and compiled by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami) and a number of other titles. His memoir With Srila Prabhupada in the Early Days (1991) covers the early years of 1966–1969, his book Life With the Perfect Master (1983) describes the seven-month period in 1974, when he served as Bhaktivedanta's personal servant.Status in ISKCON
He became the most senior member of the movement. He was appointed as a ritvik (representative) by his preceptor. He was also one of the original members appointed as (GBC) Governing Body Commission created by Bhaktivedanta Swami in 1970 to gradually take over the management of ISKCON and was a trustee in the will Bhaktivedanta for the management of ISKCON. History in ISKCON

Early days
After ISKCON's incorporation in July 1966 at 26 Second Avenue, Satsvarupa dasa was engaged as A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami's personal typist and ISKCON secretary for the first year. He was one of the few devotees who maintained outside jobs to support the ISKCON temple at the beginning. Later he managed ISKCON Boston, and ISKCON Press which was later registered as Bhaktivedanta Book Trust. After assuming duties of a GBC (Governing Body Commissioner) in 1970, Satsvarupa was asked by Bhaktivedanta Swami to accept the order of sannyasa in 1972.He accepted sannyasa along with other GBC members, all of whom were originally married men, such as Tamala Krishna Goswami and Hridayananda dasa Goswami. At the time A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami awarded him and other followers the title "Goswami" with the single line instruction: "Preach, preach, preach!" He is sometimes listed among active promoters of ahimsa among other Eastern religious teachers. Preaching and traveling
Main preaching activities by the means of traveling sankirtana parties were centered in United States. BBT (Bhaktivedanta Book Trust) Library Party headed by him in the mid-1970s was active in establishing distribution network mainly to the Universities of the United States, with some members of the team such as Bhakti Tirtha Swami and Suhotra Dasa traveling as far as Eastern Europe. In 1974, Satsvarupa dasa <mask> was requested by Bhaktivedanta Swami to join him as traveling GBC servant, replacing previous servant Srutakirti Dasa and travelled as a menial servant around the globe. Managing BTG
From the early days of ISKCON, the Back to Godhead was project required a lot of both contribution and supervision.Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was editor in chief and one of the main contributors to this magazine till 1991, when assisted editor Jayadvaita Swami took over as the editor in chief. Dealing with early "zonal acarya" days
In accordance with ISKCON GBC Governing Body Commission resolutions March 1978 Satsvarupa dasa Goswami along with other eleven Governing Body Commissioners assumed duties and services of initiating disciples in assigned zones after the death of Bhaktivedanta Swami. Initial preaching areas in the United States and Caribbean were expanded with an addition of Ireland in 1982 where he became a zonal acharya. The assumption of equal status to Bhaktivedanta Swami and the title of "Guru-Acarya" are still surrounded in a controversy. While following the direction of Governing Body Commission, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami was one of the pioneers who attempted to reform the system, by assuming more humble and appropriate role of a guru as per recorded instructions of the "Founder-Acarya." While imitation of Bhaktivedanta Swami was criticised, despite these warnings, specifically by Satsvarupa dasa Goswami, such imitation sometimes resulted in curious side-effects and many devotees adopted Bhaktivedanta Swami's mannerisms. This remained evident especially among the older American devotees who even now speak with an Indian accent and display many of Bhaktivedanta Swami's gestures like turning one's head or moving one's hand in a certain way.Later years
In years 1978–1985 he took part in a controversial zonal acarya system in a position of an Acharya while initiating reform of a high standard of worship. In 1986–1987 a number of senior members and newly appointed GBC members with the support of <mask> <mask> Goswami reformed ISKCON guru system, lowering unprecedented level of worship reserved to initiating gurus in ISKCON. He was called as the "most vocal in the cause of reform" in ISKCON. <mask> <mask> <mask> recorded this period in his book Guru Reform Notebook (1987). Throughout the years that followed, up until the end of the century, new ISKCON guru system was further developed. In 1999 Governing Body Commission confirmed GBC Emeritus status of his membership of the Governing Body of ISKCON. His extensive traveling in Europe in 1990s included areas of Scandinavia, Eastern, Central Europe and Italy, but mainly centered in preaching in Ireland and UK.In following years, his devotional life has included the creation of hundreds of paintings, drawings, and sculptures that capture and express the artist's vision of Krishna consciousness. His latest literary work is centered on his commentary on Bhagavata Purana known as A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam. In 2002, he suffered a physical and emotional collapse from chronic migraine headaches, a condition that required immediate medical intervention and treatment. In consultation with the official governing body of the Krishna consciousness society, he agreed to cease initiating disciples. With the GBC consultation, he retained his Goswami title and continued in the sannyasa order and as an ISKCON guru. Following a period of health recovery, at the age of 68, Satsvarupa dasa Goswami took residence in the East Coast United States where he is engaging in a number of preaching activities, such as regular lecturing and traveling to the holy . All of the associated preaching and traveling is complementing his main service of commenting and answering disciples' questions on the Bhaktivedanta Purports being published as the volumes of A Poor Man Reads the Bhagavatam and daily online journal.Select bibliography

See also

Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
List of Hindu gurus and saints

Notable Disciples
Shaunaka Rishi Das – Director Oxford Centre for Hindu Studies
Yadunandana Swami – Principal Bhaktivedanta College

Notes

References

External links

1939 births
Living people
American male biographers
American Hare Krishnas
20th-century American novelists
American poets of Italian descent
American religious writers
Brooklyn College alumni
Converts to Hinduism from Christianity
English-language poets
Former Roman Catholics
Hindu poets
Hinduism in the United States
International Society for Krishna Consciousness religious figures
People from Staten Island
Writers from New York City
21st-century American novelists
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
20th-century American biographers
21st-century American biographers
American male novelists
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from New York (state)

masks:
Satsvarupa das Gowami
Satsvarupa dasa Gowami
Satsvarupa dasa Goswami
Goswami
Satsvarupa
dasa
Satsvarupa
dasa
Goswami


type: original

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<mask> (born September 9, 1939 in Manhattan, New York) is an American businessman, investor and philanthropist. He founded Rosen Hotels & Resorts in 1974, and serves as the company's president and chief operating officer. <mask> is widely known in the Central Florida area for his philanthropy, and was named the Orlando Sentinels Central Floridian of the Year in 2011. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1939 in Manhattan to Jack and <mask>. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree from Cornell University School of Hotel Administration in 1961. He then served in the United States Army for three years in Germany and South Korea becoming a first lieutenant. <mask>, a descendant of Russian Jewish immigrants, has devoted significant resources to the local Jewish community, donating to and renaming the Jack and Lee Rosen Southwest Orlando Jewish Community Center in 2015.Career
<mask> began his career at the Waldorf Astoria in New York City as a convention salesman. He also worked at other hotels including various Hilton Hotels and the New Yorker Hotel. <mask> eventually joined the Walt Disney Company as director of hotel planning. During the height of the 1973 oil crisis, <mask> left Disney and purchased his first hotel, a Quality Inn on International Drive in Southwest Orlando (Orange County; now Rosen Inn International). To market his hotel during this period, <mask> hitchhiked to New England and met with several motor coach companies to gain their Central Florida business. (At the end of one trip, one company offered him a return trip ride with a couple traveling to Florida, if he would provide them accommodations there). That purchase marked the beginning of Rosen Hotels & Resorts.In 2006, <mask> opened the 1501-room Rosen Shingle Creek, an AAA Four Diamond hotel, his first resort. In October 2017, <mask> purchased the Clarion International Drive and the Red Roof Inn International Drive. The next year, he consolidated both hotels under the Midpointe Hotel name, bringing the total number of hotels owned to currently (2019) eight, all in Orlando. The company's other hotels include: the 1334-room Rosen Centre and the 800-room Rosen Plaza, both connected to the Orange County Convention Center's West Building, Rosen Inn closest to Universal, Rosen Inn at Pointe Orlando, and Rosen Inn International. All are located on International Drive. The Clarion Inn Lake Buena Vista is located next to Walt Disney World. Rosen Hotels & Resorts owns and operates eight hotels and resorts in the Orlando metropolitan area.The company administers 6,694 guestrooms, has 4,500 employees, and is valued at over $500 million. Philanthropy

<mask>'s philanthropic efforts began in 1993, when he created the Tangelo Park Program to benefit an impoverished Orlando community of the same name. The three-pronged program includes his promise of college scholarships (including room, board, books and tuition) for members of the community who are accepted to vocational school, college or university in the state of Florida. The program includes a parent resource center and ten neighborhood preschools. As of 2016, more than 200 college degrees have been awarded through this program. For more than ten years, <mask> has funded an alternative spring break for about a dozen Cornell students who wish to spend their vacation in Orlando, staying in one of his hotels and mentoring students who live in Tangelo Park. In the spring of 2016, <mask> announced a program similar to the Tangelo Park Program, albeit five times as large, to benefit the Parramore District near downtown Orlando.The program started with Parramore residents who graduated high school in 2016. In addition, <mask> funded the building and maintenance of a 24-room preschool housed at the Orange County Public Schools Academic Center for Excellence in Parramore which opened in August 2017. <mask> is funding 48 teachers' and aides' salaries, as well as the salaries of two directors. In November 2017, <mask> announced a partnership with Rollins College, a private, liberal arts college in Winter Park, to provide three annual scholarships to the school to be shared by Tangelo Park and Parramore high school graduates. In 2002, <mask> donated $18 million to the University of Central Florida to develop the Rosen College of Hospitality Management. He funds hundreds of scholarships annually to students attending the Rosen College. For years, <mask> has funded sending medical supplies and personal hygiene items to Haiti.In 2006, he hosted the Water for Haiti gala at Rosen Plaza which funded more than 200 water filtration devices. He has also committed to rebuilding hurricane damaged homes—more than 100—which were completed in December 2017. In 2016, <mask> was awarded the Bob Graham Center for Public Service Citizen of the Year award for his work with Tangelo Park. And was also named the most influential person in tourism in Orlando by Orlando magazine. In November 2017, <mask> was honored by the Orlando Business Journal as the Philanthropist of the Year. The International Drive Chamber of Commerce also named an award in <mask>'s name—The <mask> Philanthropy Award—which he received in November 2017. It is awarded annually to those exemplifying his passion for philanthropy.<mask> currently serves as a charter member of the University of Central Florida Board of Trustees. See also

 Rosen Jewish Community Center

References

External links
 Rosen Hotels & Resorts
 UCF Rosen College of Hospitality Management
 The Tangelo Park Program

1939 births
Living people
Jewish American philanthropists
American chief executives of travel and tourism industry companies
American hoteliers
Businesspeople from New York City
People from Manhattan
People from Orlando, Florida
Cornell University School of Hotel Administration alumni
University of Virginia alumni
United States Army officers
University of Central Florida faculty
University of Central Florida Trustees
Businesspeople from Florida
American chief operating officers
Philanthropists from New York (state)
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Harris Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Lee Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Rosen
Harris Rosen
Rosen


texts:
<mask> ( – 14 April 1943) was the eldest of Joseph Stalin's three legitimate children, the son of Stalin's first wife, Kato Svanidze, who died nine months after his birth. His father, then a young revolutionary in his mid-20s, left the child to be raised by his late wife's family. In 1921, when <mask> had reached the age of fourteen, he was brought to Moscow, where his father had become a leading figure in the Bolshevik government, eventually becoming head of the Soviet Union. Disregarded by Stalin, <mask> was a shy, quiet child who appeared unhappy and tried to commit suicide several times as a youth. Married twice, <mask> had three children, two of whom reached adulthood. <mask> studied to become an engineer, then – on his father's insistence – he enrolled in training to be an artillery officer. He finished his studies weeks before Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.Sent to the front, he was imprisoned by the Germans and died at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1943 after his father refused to make a deal to secure his release. Early life

<mask> was born  in Baji, a village in the Kutais Governorate of the Russian Empire (now in Georgia). His mother, Kato Svanidze, was from Racha and a descendant of minor Georgian nobility. His father, Ioseb <mask>, was from Gori and was a Bolshevik revolutionary. After he was born Stalin nicknamed him "Patsana". A few months after <mask>'s birth, his father was involved in a high-profile Tiflis bank robbery, and the three of them fled to Baku to avoid arrest. They rented a "Tartar house with a low ceiling on the Bailov Peninsula" just outside the city right on the sea.They returned to Tiflis in October that year as Svanidze was quite ill. She died on , having likely contracted typhus on the trip back. Ioseb left Tiflis immediately after her death, abandoning 8-month-old Iakob to be raised by his Svanidze relatives. Ioseb, who later adopted the name Joseph Stalin, would not return to visit his son for several years, and Iakob would spend the next fourteen years being raised by his aunts. Moscow
In 1921, <mask> was brought to Moscow to live with his father. His half-siblings Svetlana and Vasily were born after he moved. This proved difficult for <mask> as he did not understand Russian and his father was hostile to him, even forbidding <mask> to adopt the name "Stalin." It is not clear why Stalin had hostility to his son, but it is believed that he reminded Stalin of Svanidze, which was one of the happier times in Stalin's life.Living in Stalin's apartments at the Amusement Palace in the Kremlin, <mask> slept in the dining room. A kind individual, Dzhughashvili was close to his half-siblings, as well as his step-mother Nadezhda Alliluyeva, who was only six years older than him. Though <mask> was interested in studying at a university, Stalin did not initially allow it, and it was not until 1930 when he was 23 that <mask> was admitted. He graduated from the Institute of Transport in 1935, and for the next couple years worked as a chimney-sweep engineer at an electric plant factory named after his father. In 1937, he entered the Artillery Academy, and graduated from there on 9 May 1941. Marriages and family
<mask>'s first serious relationship was with Zoya Gunina, the daughter of an Orthodox priest and a former classmate of his. In 1928, <mask> made it known that he wanted to marry Zoya, who was then sixteen.Stalin became enraged at the idea and in response <mask> attempted suicide, shooting himself in the chest and narrowly missing his heart. While Alliluyeva and Svetlana helped <mask>, Stalin is reported to have brushed off the attempt by saying "He can't even shoot straight." <mask> spent several months in the hospital recovering from this ordeal, though the couple did ultimately marry and moved to Leningrad. A daughter was born on 7 February 1929, but she died eight months later of pneumonia and <mask> and Gunina split up, although they did not officially divorce. After his return to Moscow, <mask> was rumoured to be marrying Ketevan Orakhelashvili, the daughter of Mamia Orakhelashvili, the First Secretary of the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. However, <mask> was shy around her so she instead married Evgeni Mikeladze, a prominent orchestra conductor, earning ridicule from Stalin. His next girlfriend was Olga Golysheva, who was also a student at the Moscow Aviation School.They became engaged but soon that ended and she returned to her home in the Stalingrad Oblast. A son, Yevgeny was born on 10 January 1936, after Golysheva returned home. Dzugashvili only learnt of his son in 1938 and ensured he took his surname, though Stalin never recognised Yevgeny as his grandson. <mask> married Yulia Meltzer, a well-known Jewish dancer from Odessa. After meeting Meltzer at a reception in a restaurant, <mask> fought with her second husband, an NKVD officer called Nikolai Bessarab, an aide to Stanislav Redens, the head of the Moscow Oblast NKVD and brother-in-law of Stalin. They soon were married. Historian Miklós Kun has suggested that Meltzer "must have been tempted to gain entry into Stalin’s court by means of her marriage," though this did not work due to the animosity between Stalin and <mask>.They soon moved into an apartment together, though were only legally married on 18 February 1938, the day before their only child, daughter Galina, was born. Second World War

Capture

On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany and its allies launched Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. Stalin ensured that Dzughashvili and Artyom Sergeyev, his adopted son and fellow artillery officer, went to the front lines. Serving as a lieutenant with a battery of the 14th Howitzer Regiment of the 14th Tank Division near Vitebsk, <mask> was captured on 16 July during the Battle of Smolensk. The circumstances of his capture are disputed: Sergeyev later said that "the Germans surrounded <mask>’s battery. The order was given to retreat. But <mask> did not obey the order.I tried to persuade him... but <mask> answered: 'I am the son of Stalin and I do not permit the battery to retreat." Other sources, including Soviet prisoners interrogated, claimed that they willingly gave up <mask> as they hated the Soviet system. Material from the Russian archives also suggests that he surrendered willingly. The Germans announced the capture of Dzughashvili on 19 July. Stalin reacted negatively to the news: he had previously ordered that no soldiers were to surrender, so the idea that his own son had done so was seen as a disgrace. He was angry that Dzughashvili had not killed himself instead of being captured, and suspected that someone had betrayed him. Meltzer was not immediately told the news and, suspicious of her motives and the idea that Dzhugashvili surrendered, Stalin had her arrested.With Meltzer imprisoned, Svetlana took care of Galina. Prisoner of war
In an attempt to conceal his identity, <mask> apparently removed his officer's insignia and tried to pass as a soldier, though he was soon recognised and given to the Abwehr (German military intelligence) for interrogation. During the interrogation, Dzughashvili openly criticised his division and other units of the Red Army, saying they were unprepared for the war, and further commented that military commanders behaved poorly. He felt that the United Kingdom was weak and had "never helped anyone," while praising Germany, noting it was the only major empire left and that the "whole of Europe would be nothing" without it. Though his wife and her family were ethnically Jewish, Dzughashvili was also openly anti-Semitic, claiming Jews "trade, or aspire to careers in engineering, but they do not want to be workers, technicians, or peasant laborers. That’s why no one in our country respects the Jews." The Germans intended to use <mask> in their propaganda against the Soviets.He was pictured on leaflets dropped over Soviet soldiers, shown smiling with his captors. The back of the leaflet was part of a letter he wrote to Stalin shortly after his capture: "Dear Father! I have been taken prisoner. I am in good health. I will soon be sent to a camp for officers in Germany. I am being treated well. I wish you good health!Greetings to everyone. Yasha." The Soviet Union responded in kind via propaganda: Krasnaya Zvezda ("Red Star"), the official newspaper of the Red Army, announced on 15 August 1941 that <mask> would be awarded the Order of the Red Banner for his actions during the Battle of Smolensk. He was subsequently moved to a guarded villa in Berlin, where Joseph Goebbels, the Nazi Propaganda Minister, hoped to use him on Russian-language radio broadcasts. When that failed to materialise, <mask> was moved to Sachsenhausen concentration camp. While interned there, <mask> was constantly frequented by visitors who wanted to meet and photograph the son of Stalin, meetings which began to distress him. He also quarrelled with the British prisoners, and would frequently get in physical altercations with them.After German Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus surrendered at the Battle of Stalingrad in February 1943, the Germans offered to exchange <mask> for him, although he specifically asked not be exchanged for a field marshal. This was outright refused by Stalin, who later stated "Just think how many sons ended in camps! Who would swap them for Paulus? Were they worse than <mask>?" According to Nikolai Tolstoy, there was another proposal as well, with Hitler wanting to exchange <mask> for Hitler's nephew Leo Raubal; but this was not accepted either. Death
On 14 April 1943, <mask> died at the Sachsenhausen camp. The details of his death are disputed: one account has him running into the electric fence surrounding the camp.However, it has also been suggested that he was shot by the Germans; Kun has noted that it is "conceivable that he committed suicide: he had suicidal tendencies in his youth." Upon hearing of his son's death, Stalin reportedly stared at his photograph; he would later soften his stance towards <mask>, saying he was "a real man" and that "fate treated him unjustly." Meltzer would be released in 1946 and re-united with Galina, though the years apart had made Galina distant from her mother. In 1977, <mask> was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, first class, although this was done secretly and the family was not allowed to collect the medal itself. After the war, British officers in charge of captured German archives came upon the papers depicting <mask>'s death at Sachsenhausen. The German records indicated that he was shot after he ran into an electric fence attempting to flee after an argument with the British prisoners; autopsy showed he died from electrocution before he was shot. The British Foreign Office briefly considered presenting these papers to Stalin at the Potsdam Conference as a gesture of condolence.They scrapped the idea because neither the British nor the Americans had informed the Soviets that they had captured key German archives, and sharing those papers with Stalin would have prompted the Soviets to inquire about the source of these records. See also
Mao Anying

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

1907 births
1943 deaths
Executed people from Georgia (country)
Executed Soviet people from Georgia (country)
People executed by Germany by firearm
People from Imereti
People from Kutais Governorate
Children of Joseph Stalin
Military personnel who died in Nazi concentration camps
People from Georgia (country) executed in Nazi concentration camps
People of World War II from Georgia (country)
People who died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Soviet military personnel killed in World War II
Soviet prisoners of war
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany

masks:
Yakov Iosifovich Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Georgia Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Yakov
Yakov
Yakov
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Yakov
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili
Dzhugashvili


texts:
Professor <mask> (Azerbaijani: Xəlifəzadə Çingiz Müzəfər oğlu, born 17 February 1931 in Nukha, Soviet Union) is Azerbaijani and Soviet geologist and Professor of Geology and Mineralogy and Petrology; and Head of Department at Azerbaijan State Oil Academy; and President of the Sedimentological Society of Azerbaijan; and Academician at the International Eco-Energy Academy,; and Honorary foreign member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. Khalifa-zade is married and has a son, three grandchildren and one great granddaughter. Career
In 1952, Khalifa-zade graduated from Baku State University (Department of Geology). In 1955, he prepared PhD thesis related the Mineralogy and Middle Jurassic Argullicies of the South-East Caucasus and received Candidate of Science degree (Ph.D). Later, he held positions as Senior Scientist, Head of Division and Acting Head of the Institute of Geology, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russian Federation, USSR. In 1972, Khalifa-zade obtained Doctor of Science degree on Geology and Mineralogy from the Institute of Geology (now GIN RAS), Moscow, Soviet (Russian) Academy of Science., In 1975, he received the rank of Professor of Geology and Mineral Deposits at Baku State University. In 1980-1981, he headed the Baku-based United Nation courses and training programs on Geology for professionals from Turkey, Nigeria, Vietnam, Bulgaria, Tanzania, Nepal, Burma, Yemen, Bangladesh, Egypt and other developing countries.He also was a scientific adviser for the Saatli Superdeep well (Saatli, Azerbaijan). In 1980, he was awarded a title of Honorable Geologist of Azerbaijan SSR. In 2000, he received Azerbaijan's Medal of Progress awarded by the President of Azerbaijan H.E. Heydar Aliyev in occasion with 80th Anniversary of Azerbaijan State Oil Academy. Since 1981, Khalifa-zade is Full Professor and Head of Department of Mineralogy and Petrology at Azerbaijan State Oil Academy. He also is a member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Houston (USA and President of the Sedimentological Society of Azerbaijan. Since 2008, Khalifa-zade is an honorary foreign member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.Khalifa-zade is a member of Editorial Board of the International Journal of Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of Oil-Gas Basins, Baku, Azerbaijan National Academy of Science

Activities
In 1978, Khalifa-zade lectured at the University of London and Imperial College, United Kingdom. In 1992, he lectured at the Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey; and within 1991-1992, he was a visiting professor at University of Cairo and University of Alexandria, Egypt. He was a member of Soviet and Azerbaijani delegations at DC, XI, XII, XIV and XVII International Congresses on Sedimentology (France, 1975, Canada 1982, Australia 1986, Bulgaria 1989 and Romania 1998) and chaired the Section on Sedimentology and Geochemistry. Publications
Khalifa-zade authored more than 270 articles, 4 text-books and 5 monographs (in Azerbaijani, English and Russian). He also authored Sideritovye zalezhi Dagestana (Siderit Deposits of Dagestan), book, in-Russian, Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1963; co-authored Srednei︠u︡rskie otlozhenii︠a︡ vostochnoĭ chasti Bolʹshogo Kavkaza (Middle Jurassic Deposits of the Eastern Part of the Greater Caucasus), book, in-Russian, Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, 1982 and co-authored Mineralogii︠a︡ i genezis boksitovykh porod Nakhichevanskoĭ ASSR (Mineralogy and Geneses of the Boksit Deposits of Nakhcivan ASSR), book, in-Russian, 1986, Elm publishing-house, Baku, Azerbaijan. Text-books

1- Khalifa-zade Ch.M, The Course of Lithology and Fascia, in-Azerbaijani, Maarif publishing house, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, 1982, pages 259

2- Khalifa-zade Ch.M., Secrets of the Moon, in-Azerbaijani, Azernesr publishing house, Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, 1979, pages 77

Patents

1- Khalifa-zade and others, A Method to Estimate the Speed of Sedimentation in Sedimental Rocks, Moscow, The State Committee of Inventions and Discovers of the USSR (USSR Patent), Moscow, USSR, April 15, 1986, http://patentdb.su/patents/khalifazade

Articles

1- Khalifa-Zade, Ch. M., Gyrbanof, V., Mamedof.E.A., Sediek, K. N., Petrographical and petrophysical studies of Middle Triassic bearing oil rocks at Gebel Mangishlak, North Kazakhstan area. Oil and gas Journal, 1990, V.3, p. 1-11

2- Sediek, K.N, Khalifa-Zade, Ch.M, Catagenesis model of fragmental and carbonate collectors of Triassic and Upper Paleozoic rocks, at Gebel Mangishlak, North Kazakhstan area. Oil and gas Journal, 1990, V.3., p. 12-17

3- Khalifa-zade, Ch.M., and E.Q. Abbasov, The alteration of clay minerals in large depth, Azerbaijan Geologist, 1999, V. 1, p. 15-28

4- Khalifa-Zade Ch.M., Rustamova R.E. The new data on the paleogeographic model of productive series basin on the base dissemination of turbidity sandy system within the South Caspian depression, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences proceedings, The Science of Earth, 2001, №1. Prof <mask> Khalifa-zade, Azerbaijan State Oil Academy. VIAF ID: 6294260 (Personal).WorldCat Identities. Khalifa-zade <mask> Muzafar oglu, in-Azerbaijani, Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, 1987, Vol X, page 77. The 80th anniversary of Professor <mask> Khalifa-zade's birthday and the 55th anniversary of his professional activity. Prominent Soviet and Azerbaijani scientist and geologist who carries researches in Sedimentology. Journal of Litology and Natural Deposits, in-Russian, Moscow, Nauka Publishing house, Russian Academy of Science, Russia, July–August 2011, page 443-444. 1931 births
Living people
Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University faculty

masks:
Chingiz Muzafar oglu Khalifa zade
Chingiz
Chingiz
Chingiz


texts:
<mask> (born 1938, Pennsauken, New Jersey) is an acclaimed feminist painter, and the co-founder of the first all-female cooperative art gallery in America, A.I.R. Gallery. Her work has been widely exhibited and is in many major museum collections, including the Whitney, the Museum of Modern Art, and the National Gallery in London. She also has the rare distinction of having an all-female punk rock band named after her. <mask> currently resides in New York, New York

Education and early work
Attie discovered her interest in art at an early age, as she found that she was interested in drawing. She was heavily influenced by her father, who brought her to art classes in Philadelphia and provided her with art books, most notably ones with illustrations of works by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres. Although her favorite living artist happens to be Gerhard Richter.<mask> continued her education at the Philadelphia College of Art, where she graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1959. While in college, <mask> was primarily an Abstract Expressionist painter, but often realistically recreated the likeness of photographs on her canvases. Following her time at the Philadelphia College of Art, <mask> continued her education through fellowships at the Brooklyn Museum of Art School in 1960, and the Art Students League in 1967. Feminism and A.I.R. Gallery

Attie's work in the 1960s received some attention, but gained far more recognition after her involvement in A.I.R. Gallery. In 1972, she co-founded A.I.R., a non-profit cooperative gallery and one of the first to exclusively feature the work of women artists.As an early artist-member, <mask> helped the group to choose a gallery space and recruit members. <mask> had her first solo show at the gallery in 1972. Shortly after, she felt the freedom to rediscover her early passion for drawing. Later, she was an integral part of the gallery's establishment of an international presence, and helped to secure shows in Paris, Israel, and Japan. While still a member of A.I.R., <mask> began to solidify her personal style, which remained fairly consistent throughout her career; she typically deconstructed existing images—such as Old Master paintings and early 20th Century black-and-white photographs—and her works often included text to create a narrative. Therefore, some of her works contain small pictures that were copied from other, sometimes famous, works by Caravaggio, Gustave Courbet, Thomas Eakins, and Ingres. Some of these pictures have been taken from the backgrounds of earlier works, bringing new perspectives to features which may have been formerly overshadowed.This produces a quality of differing scale, paired with short segments of text, which creates a cinematic quality throughout. The text and pictures are related, but do not contribute to a clear narrative, allowing the viewer to fill in the blanks left by the artist. Furthermore, her multi-panel paintings explore the depictions of the body in the history of art and critique the gender bias in the art world. By reanalyzing famous paintings, she emphasizes the hidden undertones within these works that degrade women previously unnoticed due to the male gaze with which they were originally painted. Because <mask>, at times, has meticulously repainted well-known works but presented them in fragments or with other modifications, her work has addressed the concepts of originality and reproduction. <mask>'s work is often characterized by her identification with feminism. She has explained, that feminism "means no barriers between what a woman chooses to do, and what is acceptable by societal and familial standards."These ideals are present in her work, which often contains manipulated images of women that accentuate their vulnerability, often featuring lewd acts of a sexual nature. Awards and recognition
<mask> <mask> received multiple grants for her artwork, one being the Creative Artist Public Service Grant in 1976-77 and another being the National Endowment for the Arts Grant, which she won in 1976-77 and 1983–84. Later career
Her most recent exhibitions have been at the P.P.O.W. Gallery in New York City. What Would Mother Say (2009) featured children engaging in actions which, while innocent, may be construed by adults as provocative or shameful; each work is accompanied by two panels of text. More recently, The Lone Ranger (2013) served as a follow up to What Would Mother Say and included a photo of a boy kissing a horse. According to Attie, that little boy grew up to be the Lone Ranger.<mask> expresses that “All of my (her) work is about our hidden selves, the part of us we don’t want to share with others”, and this was her inspiration for “The Lone Ranger”. The overarching idea of the show is that "If a little boy does something, he will grow up to be a hero. But the little girls, doing the same thing, they all become whores." In 2013 she was working on a series of painting called the “Worst Case Scenarios”. Attie's paintings are in the collections of The Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, the Brooklyn Museum, the National Gallery in London, and many others. In addition to numerous honors in the art world, such as her induction into the National Academy in 2013, <mask> has the unusual distinction of having a punk rock band named after her; the female-led indie quartet Dottie Attie, based in Portland, Oregon, formed in 2013. <mask> has been photographed wearing the band's t-shirts.Personal life
Attie's first life partner was <mask>, a prominent American commercial and fine art photographer with whom she had two sons, the widely-published mathematician <mask> and TV writer <mask>. Her current partner is David Olan, a classical composer. References

1938 births
Living people
People from Pennsauken Township, New Jersey
American women painters
Feminist artists
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
20th-century American painters
American women photographers
American women printmakers
20th-century American women artists
20th-century American printmakers
21st-century American painters
21st-century American printmakers
21st-century American women artists
20th-century women photographers
21st-century women photographers
Painters from New Jersey
Photographers from New Jersey

masks:
Dotty Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
Dotty
Attie
Attie
Attie
Attie
David Attie
Oliver Attie
Eli Attie


texts:
<mask> of Znojmo (, , ; died 15 March 1112), a member of the Přemyslid dynasty, ruled as Moravian duke of Znojmo for twenty years – from 1092 until his death. Family

He was the second son of Duke Conrad I of Bohemia (died 1092) and his consort, the Bavarian countess Wirpirk of Tengling. Luitpold's father ruled the Duchy of Bohemia only for a few months before his death, having succeeded his elder brother Vratislaus II. Both had wrangled over the newly implemented seniority principle with their eldest brother Duke Spytihněv II: not until Spytihněv's death in 1061 and the accession of Vratislaus II to the Bohemian throne, Conrad received his share, ruling over the Moravian lands of Znojmo and Brno for more than 30 years. Luitpold did not succeed his father as Duke of Bohemia; according to the principle of agnatic seniority, the ducal title passed to his eldest cousin Bretislav II, son of the late Vratislaus II. Instead, Luitpold ruled in half of Moravia (the western part) as his father Conrad I, though again divided into two principalities: Brno and Znojmo, and Luitpold was co-ruler (diarch) for all in this part with his elder brother Ulrich I. All Moravian lines of the Přemyslid dynasty as a whole were systematically associated by dynastic marriages with princesses of major royal and ducal dynasties, especially Árpád dynasty, Rurik dynasty, Piast dynasty, Nemanjić dynasty-senior line, Vukanović, the House of Babenberg and other dynasties of Bavarian dukes; as it was the other way around (vice versa).Members of the Moravian dynasty were fully predisposed to take over the central throne (for both countries – Bohemia and Moravia) in Prague, under the principles of agnatic seniority. Domestic policy

Luitpold ruled over southern Moravia as diarch in Znojmo for 20 years, once interrupted by the illegitimate regency of Duke Bretislav II in 1099–1100, when he and Ulrich were evicted. Both fell out with Bretislav when the duke tried to enforce the succession of his younger brother Bořivoj. He had Ulrich captured and arrested in Kladsko, while Luitpold fought against the forces of Bořivoj's father-in-law, the Babenberg margrave Leopold II of Austria. Upon Duke Bretislav's assassination in 1100, Emperor Henry IV confirmed the accession of Bořivoj to the Prague throne; nevertheless Luitpold and Ulrich enforced their return to Moravia and the restoration of the Brno duchy – with the help of Austrian and Bavarian armed forces as well as with indirect support by the emperor, whom the brothers visited in early February 1101 in Frankfurt. After they returned, they continued to reign in the two principalities of Brno and Znojmo in certain territorial union. Emperor Henry IV gave Ulrich insignia of rank and banner (vexillum) for their reign as Moravian dukes, while Luitpold's brother officially renounced all claims to the Prague throne.Luitpold himself, however, once again participated in the successful rebellion led by his Moravian cousin Svatopluk of Olomouc against Duke Bořivoj in 1107. About 1101, Luitpold and Ulrich together established the Benedictine abbey of Třebíč and prepared its St. Procopius Church as mausoleum for the Brno-Znojmo branch of the Přemyslid dynasty, where they were both were buried. Luitpold died in 1112, whereafter his Znojmo principality passed to Ulrich. Marriage and issue
By his marriage to Princess Ida of Babenberg, daughter of Margeve Leopold II of Austria and his consort Ida of Formbach, he had one son, the other children (if any) are unknown;

Conrad II, who legitimately succeeded his father as Duke of Moravia, Prince of Znojmo from 1123 to 1128 and again from 1134 until his death about 1161. Ancestry

Ancestry

See also
 History of Moravia
 Ducal Rotunda of the Virgin Mary and St Catherine
 Conrad II, Duke of Bohemia
 Helen of Znojmo

Citations and notes

References

Bibliography
 COSMAS, (Canonicus Pragensis); Chronica Boëmorum. (Latin)
 COSMAS of Prague, (Canon of Prague),Translated by Lisa Wolverton (2009); Chronicle of the Czechs (Chronicle of Bohemias). The Catholic university of America Press.(English)
 Constinuatio Claustroneoburgensis prima. MHG SS IX, p. 612 (Latin)
 KRZEMIEŃSKA, Barbara; MERAHAUTOVÁ, Anežka; TŘEŠTÍK, Dušan (2000). Moravští Přemyslovci ve Znojemské rotundě. Praha: SetOut. 135 p.. . (in Czech)
 WOLVERTON, Lisa (2001). Hastening toward Prague. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press.(English)
 REITINGER, Lukáš. Nekrologia kláštera Pegau. Pozapomenuté svědectví o Přemyslovcích (nejen) Kosmova věku. In: WIHODA, Martin; REITINGER, Lukáš (2010). Proměna středovýchodní Evropy raného a vrcholného středověku. Brno : Matice moravská, . . pp. 373–374 (in Czech)
 GROSMANNOVÁ, Dagmar (2010).Medieval Coinage in Moravia.In: GALUŠKA, Luděk; MITÁČEK, Jiří; NOVOTNÁ Lea. Treasures of Moravia. Brno:Moravian Museum Press. . pp. 371–374 (English)
 BRETHOLZ, Berthold (1910).Studien zu Cosmas von Prag V. Die Brunner Cosmas Handschrift, NA 35, 1910 pp. 692–702 (German)
 MOLECZ, P. (2003):Die Hanthaler-Fälschungen im Lilielnfelder Nekrolog am Beispiel der Schwestern des Heiligen Leopold. Eine Beitrag zur Barocken Wischenschaftsgeschichte und Babenbergergenealogie. MIÖG 111, pp.241–284, exact 360–365. (in German)
 SOMMER, Petr; TŘEŠTÍK, Dušan; ŽEMLIČKA, Josef, a kol. Přemyslovci. Budování českého státu. Praha : Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2009. 779 s. .
 WIHODA, Martin. Morava v době knížecí 906–1197.Praha : Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, 2010. 464 s. .
 ČERNÝ, Pavel. Zobrazení přemyslovské genealogie v rotundě sv. Kateřiny ve Znojmě a některé aspekty její interpretace, in: Znojemská rotunda ve světle vědeckého zkoumání. pp. 78–92 (in Czech)
 MĚCHUROVÁ, Zdeňka (2010). From the medieval history of Moravia.In: GALUŠKA, Luděk; MITÁČEK, Jiří; NOVOTNÁ Lea. Treasures of Moravia.Brno:Moravian Museum Press. . pp. 107–115 (English)
 ŽEMLIČKA, Josef (2005). Přemyslovci. Jak žili, vládli, umírali. Praha: Nakladatelství Lidové noviny, . 497 s. . (in Czech)

External links
MORAVIA, dukes and margraves genealogy tables
The Ducal Rotunda of the Virgin Mary and St Catherine web page
The Ducal Rotunda in Znojmo – A virtual tour
Moravia dukes – Ulrich of Brno part

Roman Catholic monarchs
People from Moravia
Přemyslid dynasty
Younger sons of dukes
1112 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Znojmo


texts:
<mask>. (March 27, 1971 – November 7, 2000) was an African American man who died November 7, 2000 after a foot chase and scuffle with the Cincinnati Police Department in the Roselawn neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Biography
<mask> was a United States Army sergeant in the Persian Gulf War, serving eight years. He had been an army cook and also served in Bosnia. He left behind a 9-year-old daughter at the time of his death and was survived by his parents and other siblings. He had no previous police record. On 21 May 2004, US District Court Judge Spieghel held that the Cincinnati's City Council had failed to protect the prisoner's health. On a second count he also held that the police were negligent in failing to follow procedure and Owensby died.On 14 June 2004, the family sued the Council for damages of US $4.5 million, citing police brutality as cause of death. In a landmark case decision, the court eventually decided after almost two years deliberations on 16 March 2006 to reach a settlement for US $6.5 million with the <mask> family. Death
At 8 pm on election day  November 7, 2000 in his home town, Owensby was leaving the Sunoco Mini-Mart in Bond Hill when two police officers stopped and searched him for approximately 15 minutes. He then fled and they gave chase. After the ensuing struggle Owensby was tackled by several officers, forced to the ground and handcuffed. He was put into the police car, where he subsequently died. The two main officers involved were Officer Robert 'Blaine' Jorg and Officer Patrick Caton.Several details came out during the investigation through independent media inquiries and contrary citizen testimony about what happened during the event. No officers who was involved in the incident was convicted of any criminal wrongdoing, but all were disciplined for various levels of dereliction of duty or violation of police procedures. The Hamilton County Cononer's Office found that <mask> died, "... either from a chokehold or from officers piling on top of him." <mask> Sr. (father of <mask>.) wrote to Cincinnati Mayor Charlie Luken advising that he had been contacted by witnesses who claimed to have been harassed and intimidated by police and investigators. The Hamilton County Prosecutor stated that he was unaware of the letter but that he had met with the <mask> family to keep them updated,

The individual civil (local) cases against the police officers Jorg and Caton began concurrently October 22, 2001. Both cases ended in November 2001, with Caton being acquitted and Jorg's case ending in a mistrial. On November 6, 2001 the <mask> family filed a federal lawsuit stating the police had violated <mask>'s civil rights, claiming he was "assaulted, tortured and killed" by police.The Owensby incident was a pivotal moment that fueled the racial tension becoming one of the causative factors of the 2001 Cincinnati Riots. <mask> was the twelfth black male who died in custody or confrontations with police since 1995. While the criminal trial was proceeding, an unarmed 19-year-old black man, Timothy Thomas, was shot by Cincinnati Police Department Officer Steven Roach during an on-foot pursuit. The combination of the rising tensions from the high-profile <mask> case and Thomas' death led to the 2001 Cincinnati Riots. Civil trial

Indictments
The charges of manslaughter and misdemeanor assault were filed against the officers Jorg and Caton on January 3, 2001 for <mask>'s death. A point of contention was which officer, Jorg or Caton, may have caused <mask>'s death through improper use of force. Jorg and Caton had individual trials often sharing the same evidence and witnesses, but neither officer was found to have caused his death.Testimony
In the trials of both Jorg and Caton there was a lack of consistent corroborating testimony by witnesses. A witness in the trial of Officer Jorg testified that he had used a choke hold on Owensby while Jorg testified that he only held the head to protect him. The Coroner testified that Owensby died from mechanical asphyxiation (suffocation) but could not confirm that the body showed bruises from punches as stated by witnesses. There was also conflicting evidence from police witnesses. The deputy coroner testified that forensic evidence showed that Owensby was dead when placed in the police cruiser, but officers stated that Owensby staggered as they led him to the car. Officer David Hunter stated that he saw Officer Caton punch Owensby as he lay on the ground handcuffed and swing at him in the cruiser but he was not supported by other officers testimony. Verdict and mistrial
Caton was found not guilty.Jorg's case ended in a mistrial with the jury deadlocked 10-2 for acquittal. The prosecutor decided not to retry Jorg. There had been 10 white and two black jurors which incited black activists and reinforced the views of the community, " ...   "In the black neighborhoods we knew what was going to happen because nobody else has been convicted," she said, referring to the September acquittal of Officer Stephen Roach in the death of Timothy Thomas." In 2005 the Hamilton County Prosecutor was asked to reopen the case by a Cincinnati Council Member but he refused saying there was no new evidence. Post trial
An article in Cincinnati CityBeat after the trial suggested that material which could have been presented at the trial was not presented. This included two witnesses seen in the video tape from the Suncorp Mini Mart who were not called to testify, discrepancies in testimony by two officers Hasse and Sellers regarding why they were present (Sellers has admitted that he lied under oath). In 2004 a lawsuit brought by the <mask> family was set to be heard on June 14.The city appealed to the U.S. District Court which granted a summary judgment in favor of the Owensbys allowing the trial to proceed. Judge Seigel wrote in his decision, "A reasonable jury, hearing all of the evidence, could only determine that (the officers) ... failed to satisfy their respective constitutional obligations to ensure Owensby was provided with the necessary medical care." On March 17, 2006, the city and Owensby family reached a $6.5 million settlement after a federal judge awarded a summary judgment, finding police had violated Owensby's civil rights by failing to provide medical care. The US Department of Justice continued to investigate whether any of the officers should face criminal charges under federal civil rights laws, although two local justice investigations reached no consensus on whether officers had acted improperly. Combined complaint alleging racial profiling
A group combined individual civil claims against Cincinnati, the police force, and individual police as private citizens, into the Federal lawsuit brought by Tyehimba, filed March 14, 2001, on behalf of the Black men and their surviving family that had died since 1995. They alleged racial profiling but made sure to emphasize a demand for behavioral change by the Cincinnati Police Department beyond or instead of punitive and restitution damages. A settlement approved by a federal judge was reached on 7 August 2002.It included a five-year effort to bring about reforms within the police department and residents were to be responsible for reducing crime in their neighbourhoods. It also brought to an end the racial-profiling lawsuit filed by the American Civil Liberties Union and the Cincinnati Black United Front, which alleged that police harassed and targeted African-Americans for decades. Status of main officers involved
Internal hearings by Cincinnati  police began into whether seven officers involved in the Owensby death should be disciplined. The officers were accused of, "... improper use of force, failure of good behavior and neglect of duty." T

Caton later won his arbitration case against the decision to have him fired for "failure of good behavior" and was eligible to work for the police force again. He was promoted to lieutenant in early 2016. Jorg resigned from Cincinnati police force  just prior to questioning in a local investigation and started working for another nearby police force in Pierce Township until mid-2003.He later moved from Cincinnati and is currently a Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod pastor in Pennsylvania. Jorg wrote 13 Minutes, a book describing what happened from his own point of view. Documentary
In 2014 a documentary Cincinnati Goddamn directed by Paul Hill, April Martin was released. The documentary "is about police brutality, institutional racism, and the power of grassroots activism in Cincinnati, Ohio." References

People from Cincinnati
African-American history in Cincinnati
African Americans shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
History of racism in Ohio
1971 births
2000 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Ohio

masks:
Roger Owensby Jr
Owensby
Owensby
Owensby
Roger Owensby
Roger Jr
Owensby
Owensby
Roger
Owensby
Owensby
Owensby
Owensby
Owensby


texts:
<mask> (born 21 January 1963 in Aarschot) is a Belgian politician, sexologist and television presenter, currently serving as a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives for the party Open VLD, to which she was elected in 2019. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Begijnendijk,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/nbna24062002_006|title=Ik, een tuttebel uit Begijnendijk|website=Het Nieuwsblad}}</ref> a rural village in Flanders near a city with the same name. She studied psychology at the Free University of Brussels and did her internship in a prison, where she worked with inmates being condemned to lifelong sentences. She gained national fame when she was elected Miss Belgium in 1986, in particular, due to her rebellious behavior during the following Miss Universe election taking place in Panama, where she refused to shake hands with the head of state, General Manuel Noriega, saying that he ‘led an incorrect and faulty regime’. Subsequently, Liekens studied for and obtained a master's degree in clinical and adult psychology from the University of Brussels. Career

Initial television career
The very next day after one of her first television appearances (RUR) as Miss Belgium, Goedele was asked by the Dutch National TV (VARA) to lead her own talkshow. This was the start of a long list of talkshows in Belgium and Holland named ‘<mask>’, Goedele Live, Goedele de dingen die gebeuren, Goedele op dinsdag, Goedele On Top...for decennia long.When in 1989, the first Flemish commercial broadcasting channel (VTM) went on air, Liekens was offered an exclusive contract . She was their leading lady for more than 15 years with top rating talkshows on social and emotional topics and the very successful debate program ‘Recht Van Antwoord’ (the right to answer) . She started her own production company, Jok Foe producing her celebrated programs,  which she sold at Sanoma NV in 2007. After that she mainly hosted shows for Dutch TV and the United Kingdom. Sexologist
Whilst working for TV and radio, Liekens specialized as Psychologist by studying Family and Sexologist Sciences at the Medical Faculty Catholic University of Leuven, where she graduated in 2003. From 1992 until 1996, she closely worked at Rutgers,  an international centre of expertise on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) at The Hague, as a policy advisor and sexologist. Later on she worked privately as a therapist and counselor.She continued her walk of fame internationally, applying her academic expertise within the world of media and television. . She presented the taboo-challenging call-in radio show named De Lieve Lust (The Sweet Desire) on National Public Radio (Studio Brussel) from 1991  until 1997, she presented a celebrated call-in TV show Vanavond niet schat (Not tonight, honey, 94-97 VTM) in Belgium and more or less the same show in the Netherlands Let's talk about sex, SBS6 95-97) That same year, she produced the video series Sex, love and desire, a self-help video series on the most common sexual disfunctions. UNFPA
In 1999 Kofi Annan appointed Liekens a (honorary) Goodwill Ambassador for the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). She has traveled the world since then to advocate Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) with issues such as safe motherhood, women's empowerment, birth control, the challenge of vaginal fistulas, early marriage  and the amelioration of sexual education in developing countries. In 2001, she visited Botswana to observe and to witness the consequences of HIV. She reported these observations at a UN conference and the European Parliament. A year later, she travelled to Afghanistan to contribute the reproductive health of Afghan women. She made a series of documentaries on those topics Strong Women,  14 episodes broadcast on national commercial TV (VTM).Later television work
While Liekens continued to enhance her knowledge as a sexologist, the presence of the topic of sex within her television work decreased. She of course still appeared as professional sexologist in a variety of television shows, but the ones she presented were given a different undertone. She for instance presented a couple of more generic talk show and hosted the debate program called Recht van Antwoord (Right to answer)  covering numerous societal items. In 2001, Liekens performed as a presentator at De Zwakste Schakel, a Flemish version of the British The Weakest Link. After a dozen of episodes, the quiz was taken off screen. Afterwards, Liekens declared not to have been happy within the role of being a strict, severe quiz master, as the format had asked her to be. In 2007 <mask> sold her production company JokFoe to Sanoma and therefor worked for the Belgian SBS media group.At first, she only made programs for VT4, but later onwards, she would also work for VIJFtv. Her first project was the program named Smarter Than A Ten Year Old?, which was a quiz in which adults had to answer questions originally made for ten year olds. She was also seen as the captain of the female team in The Strong Gender. In 2013, Liekens signed an exclusive contract at the biggest Dutch commercial channel (RTL 4), where she was a weekly expert at their successful  talk show RTL Late Night. She was one of the hosts of their program named  Divorce Hotel, about relationship counselling for couples on the verge of divorce, appeared as an expert at The Worst Husband Ever. She was co-hosting the couples love-education program Sex Academy with  Nicolette Kluijver. In 2016 and 2017 she hosted a couples retreat program (Goedele On Top, RTL 5)  mainly filmed at Bonaire.In the spring of 2018, Liekens presented a talkshow evolving around Temptation Island, broadcast by VIJFtv. Channel 4
In August 2015, Liekens was asked by the British Channel 4 to create and present Sex in Class, a programme filming her while she was giving her typical comprehensive and open sex education, not only focusing on the dangers of sex but also discussing sexual pleasure. The program showed British students to be severely lacking trustworthy information with regard to responsible and fun sexuality, a deficit which they intended to fill through porn. Within the framework of her commitments as a UNPFA Ambassador, Liekens earlier on already advocated for an amelioration of sexual knowledge and education as a crucial part of reproductive health. After the episode of Sex in Class, she pleaded to broaden the curriculum of the British secondary education and its final qualifications by implementing a thorough and broad sexual educational package. Although controversial at first the show was an enormous success and newspapers as The Times and The Guardian'' screamed for 'more of this' and to 'clone teacher Goedele'. Political career
In March 2019, Liekens announced her candidacy in the federal elections of 2019, holding the third place on the list of liberal party Open VLD.She was subsequently elected as a Member of the Chamber of Representatives, receiving nearly 16,000 preferential votes. Printed Media
Starting from 1993, Liekens published eight bestselling books, mostly covering the topic of sexuality, including ‘The Vagina Book’ in 2005 and ‘The Penis Book’ one year later. Followed by ‘The Orgasm book’, ‘Our sexbook, SOS Sex, and lately The Sex Bibble. On the occasion of her work for the UN, ‘Strong Women’ was issued in 2010. She also wrote columns for different kinds of magazines (Playboy, Joepie, Goed Gevoel, Wendy, Margriet, and  newspapers (Het Laatste Nieuws, Nina)

Goedele MAGAZINE and GDL
In 2008 Sanoma Magazines started GOEDELE MAGAZINE’,  a monthly Glossy magazine about psychology, society, relationships and international topics . Together with Danny Illegems, Liekens led the editorial office. The fourth edition sold over more than 70,000 copies.Due to a switch towards television,  Sanoma was forced to cut expenses and stopped the magazine. After a withdrawal from the publishing company Sanoma, Liekens continued to make another eight editions in 2012 and 2013 of a second succeeding magazine, named GDL. Television shows
<mask> Liekens had a leading role in the following televisions shows:

Bibliography
1993 - 69 vragen over seks, waar je nooit het juiste antwoord op kreeg
2005 - Het vaginaboek
2006 - Het penisboek
2008 - Ons Seksboek
2009 - SOS Seks
2010 - Sterke Vrouwen
2011 - Haar Orgasmeboek
2012 - Start 2 sex
2015 - Superseks in 10 stappen
2016 - Help, mijn kind denkt aan seks! 2017 - Herwerkte versie van Het Vagina Boek
2019 - Het seksboek
2020 - WorldWideWet

Personal life
In 1996, Liekens married Chris Cockmartin, with whom she has two daughters. The couple divorced in 2006, but continued to run their production company Jok Foe together until 2009. In popular culture
<mask> Liekens was portrayed as the character "Goedele Liefkens" in the Van Rossem-comic book (1991) by Erik Meynen. She also appeared in the comic book series ‘De Geverniste Vernepelingskes’ by Urbanus and Jan Bosschaert.In 2013 the word ‘sukkelseks’ (roughly translated as ‘clumsy sex’), coined by Liekens, was officially registered in the Van Dale Dictionary. References

External links
 Personal website
 General website

1963 births
Belgian psychologists
Belgian women psychologists
Women radio presenters
Belgian radio presenters
Belgian sexologists
Belgian women television presenters
Flemish television presenters
Flemish women writers
Free University of Brussels alumni
Living people
Miss Belgium winners
Miss Universe 1986 contestants
Miss World 1986 delegates
Members of the Chamber of Representatives (Belgium)
Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten politicians
People from Aarschot
Beauty queen-politicians

masks:
Goedele Maria Gertrude Liekens
Liekens
Goedele
Liekens
Goedele
Goedele


texts:
<mask> (24 February 1877 – 2 August 1972) was a Swiss-born American pianist, conductor, composer, and music educator. Career

Early career as a pianist and conductor
Born in Zurich, Ganz studied cello with Friedrich Hegar and piano with Robert Freund at the Zürich Musikschule. He also took composition lessons with Charles Blanchet at the Lausanne Conservatory (de). From 1897 to 1898, Ganz studied piano with Fritz Blumer in Strasbourg, and from 1899 to 1900 with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin and Weimar and composition with Heinrich Urban in Berlin. On 7 December 1899, he made his piano debut with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra; and on 14 April 1900, his conducting debut with this orchestra in the world premiere of his own Symphony No. 1 in E major. In May, Florenz Ziegfeld, Sr. visited Berlin and invited Ganz to join the piano department of the Chicago Musical College.In August 1900, Ganz moved to Chicago. Ganz joined the piano department and became a member of the board of directors of the Chicago Musical College from fall 1900 through spring 1905. On March 20, 1903, Ganz made his American orchestral debut as soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Theodore Thomas in the first Chicago performance of Vincent d'Indy's Symphony No. 1, at the Auditorium Theatre. On 5 March 1905, in a Chicago recital at the Music Hall, Fine Arts Building (Chicago), Ganz became the first pianist to perform Maurice Ravel's music (Jeux d'eau (Ravel)) in the United States (Harold Bauer played a first Boston performance of Jeux d'eau on 4 December 1905). From fall 1905 to spring 1908 Ganz lived in New York City and began concert tours throughout North America, Europe, and Cuba. On 8 November 1907, in New York's Mendelssohn Hall, Ganz played the American premiere of Maurice Ravel's Oiseaux tristes and Barque sur l'ocean (from Miroirs, 1905).In 1908 he moved to Berlin to teach and concertize. He played first Berlin performances of Vincent d'Indy and Béla Bartók and first London performances of Maurice Ravel and John Alden Carpenter. His Berlin pupils included Chicago pianist Edward Joseph Collins, St. Louis pianist Leo C. Miller, Kansas City pianist and later Ganz's assistant Mollie Margolies, Norwegian pianist Nils Larsen, and American composers Charles Haubiel and Edward Ballantine. In 1913 Ganz began recording piano rolls for Welte-Mignon and Duo-Art, and in 1916 for Pathé. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Ganz returned to New York City and taught at the Institute of Musical Art (later The Juilliard School). In 1920 in Carnegie Hall, he conducted the New York Philharmonic in his own performance of Franz Liszt's E-flat Major Piano Concerto, using the Aeolian Company's Duo-Art reproducing Weber grand piano and becoming the first pianist to conduct an orchestra for the concerto in which he played by piano roll. Later career as conductor and music educator
From 1921 to 1927 he was the conductor of the St. Louis Symphony Orchestra and did much to raise it to the top rank of orchestras.As the fourth conductor of this orchestra <mask> was responsible for building and educating a new symphonic audience. The orchestra's first recordings, innovative children's and young people's concerts, as well as extensive spring tours to the Midwest, South, and Southwest were the sources for this new audience. During his six seasons twenty-one percent of the music presented comprised first St. Louis performances. They included Maurice Ravel's Rapsodie espagnole, Gustav Mahler's Symphony No. 4, Ottorino Respighi's Fountains of Rome, Ralph Vaughan Williams's London Symphony, Richard Strauss's A Hero's Life, Igor Stravinsky's Firebird Suite, Leo Sowerby's Suite From Northland, and Arthur Honegger's Pastorale d'été (American premiere). While in St. Louis, he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity in 1924 at the University of Missouri. In 1928 he returned to teach at the Chicago Musical College, serving as its president from 1934 to 1954, but he continued to maintain a national presence.From 1930 to 1933 Ganz founded and conducted the National Little Symphony (renamed the National Chamber Symphony) sponsored by NBC to promote contemporary music. He led the Omaha Symphony Orchestra from 1936 to 1941. From 1939 to 1948 he was permanent conductor of the Young People's Concerts with the New York Philharmonic and San Francisco Symphony orchestras, and from 1944 to 1946, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. From 1946 to 1948, he was music director of the Grand Rapids Symphony in Grand Rapids, Michigan, which was a community orchestra at the time. On 20 February 1941, Ganz performed his own Piano Concerto in E-flat major, Op. 32, with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra under Frederick Stock, its world premiere. The work was commissioned by Frederick Stock for the fiftieth anniversary of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.Most of Ganz's musical compositions are held at The Newberry Library. Legacy
Ganz was active in the promotion of new music throughout his career. Ferruccio Busoni, Christian Sinding, Charles Griffes, and Alexander Tcherepnin, among others, dedicated works to Ganz. In 1923 he received the Légion d'honneur of France for his introduction of the works of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel to American audiences, and in later years he performed and conducted pieces by Pierre Boulez, John Cage and Arthur Honegger. Ravel, in a letter to Ganz, thanked him for his performances of Ravel's work, and dedicated "Scarbo" the third part of his composition Gaspard de la Nuit to him in gratitude. As late as the 1960s Ganz continued to pioneer new music. In 1961 Ganz edited fourteen early songs of Anton Webern that were published in three volumes by Carl Fischer, Inc.Earlier that year Hans Moldenhauer, Anton Webern scholar archivist at the University of Washington, and donor of the Moldenhauer Archives, had visited Ganz and his wife Esther LaBerge in Chicago. Moldenhauer, who was also a friend and former Ganz student, had just discovered a number of original manuscripts in the attic of the Webern home in Mittersill, Austria. Showing copies of the manuscripts to the Ganzes, he said, "Take whatever you want to perform." They selected fourteen songs written between 1899 and 1904 when Webern was sixteen to twenty years old. In May 1962, Ganz accompanied his wife Esther LaBerge, mezzo-soprano, in the world premiere of the early Anton Webern songs at the First International Webern Festival during the Seattle World's Fair. Ganz's students during the 1930s and 1940s included John La Montaine (composer), Hans Moldenhauer, Joseph Bloch (pianist, Alkan scholar, and professor at The Juilliard School), Dorothy Donegan (jazz pianist), Edward Gordon (executive director of the Ravinia Festival), Wanda Paul (pianist and faculty member at Northwestern University), and Robert McDowell (pianist and faculty member at Chicago Musical College). Other students included Dean Sanders (Professor Emeritus, School of Music at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Deniz Arman Gelenbe (Professor and Chair Emeritus at the Trinity-Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance in London), Audley Wasson (1915-2001), Marion Edna Hall (1910–2012), who taught for many years at the University of Indiana's Jacobs School of Music, Lucy Scarbrough (pianist and conductor), Abby Whiteside, Evelyn Hora, Gena Branscombe, Beatrice Sharp Karan (1918–1909), Evelyn (Wilgus) Lewis, Ilse Gerda Wunsch, Adrian Lerner Newman Goldman, Vera Bradford Arne Sorensen, Sheldon Shkolnik, Jeffrey Siegel, and Ludmila Lazar.<mask> died in Chicago at the age of 95. A newspaper headline read, "A Last link with Liszt passes on". Family
<mask> was the son of <mask>, Sr., and Sophie Bartenfeld. He had three brothers: Paul, Emil, and Hans. Ganz married American soprano Mary Forrest in 1900, in Berlin. They had a son, Anton Roy <mask>, born in 1903, who later served as Swiss Ambassador to the Soviet Union. After Mary Forrest <mask> died in 1956, Ganz married Esther LaBerge, who was a concert singer and associate professor of voice at Chicago Musical College, in 1959.Esther LaBerge <mask> had one daughter, Jeanne Colette Collester, a professor of art history. Esther LaBerge <mask> died in 2007. References

External links

 <mask> Papers at the Newberry Library
 Ganz: Piano Concerto in E-Flat Major / La Montaine: Piano Concerto No. 4 (Cedille Records)
 Ganz at the piano, performing his '7 Klavierstücke' (at YouTube.com)

1877 births
1972 deaths
American classical composers
American classical pianists
American conductors (music)
American male classical composers
American male conductors (music)
American male pianists
American people of Swiss-German descent
Male classical pianists
Male conductors (music)
People from Zürich
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Swiss classical composers
Swiss classical pianists
Swiss emigrants to the United States
Swiss male classical composers
Swiss conductors (music)

masks:
Rudolph Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Rudolph Ganz
Rudolf Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Ganz
Rudolph Ganz


texts:
Robert Markovich is a retired American professional wrestler better knownby his ring name <mask> and the second Battle Kat. He wrestled for the World Wrestling Federation, World Class Championship Wrestling, the Universal Wrestling Federation, World Championship Wrestling, All Japan Pro Wrestling, and the National Wrestling Conference. Professional wrestling career

World Wrestling Federation (1982-1988)
After being trained by "Superfly" Jimmy Snuka, Markovich began his career in 1982, appearing at a World Wrestling Federation taping on June 1, 1982 in Allentown, PA. There he wrestled and was defeated by noted wrestler and trainer  Larry Sharpe. Wrestling as "<mask>", he would continue to make appearances at tapings for the WWF syndicated shows Championship Wrestling and All-American Wrestling, facing opponents such as Jimmy Snuka, Blackjack Mulligan, and Buddy Rose. A little more than a month after his first match, <mask> gained his first victory when he pinned Laurent Soucie at a house show in Salisbury, MD. Despite his inexperience, he became a full-time member of the roster.As an enhancement talent, he sustained numerous losses in 1983 and 1984, falling to much of the WWF roster. He also gained occasional wins, defeating similar undercard talent like Barry Hart (Barry Horowitz), Mac Rivera, and Jose Estrada. Following January 1984 his appearances became infrequent, and he wrestled only a small number of WWF matches that year and in 1985. During 1985 he also appeared for the NWC promotion in Massachusetts, wrestling as "Cowboy" <mask>. In 1986 <mask> donned a mask and was known as "The Tiger" during a WWF tour of Australia. He also donned a mask that year and wrestled occasionally as The Red Demon. On September 16, 1986 he was the opponent for "Superstar" Billy Graham in the latter's return to the WWF.Following a loss to Jerry Allen on October 26, 1986 he wrestled exclusively as The Red Demon. His final match in his first WWF run came January 26, 1988 when he teamed with Van Van Horne against The British Bulldogs. World Class Championship Wrestling (1986-1987)
While still wrestling under a mask in the WWF, Markovich joined World Class Championship Wrestling in Texas, making his first appearance on a Christmas Day card where he wrestled The Dingo Warrior (Ultimate Warrior) to a double disqualification. The following month he achieved his greatest success in the promotion, when he defeated Roberto Soto, Steve Simpson, Matt Borne, and finally The Dingo Warrior to win a tournament to determine the vacated Texas Heavyweight Champion. Three weeks later he would lose the title to The Dingo Warrior in a match in Fort Worth. Following the defeat <mask> entered a losing streak that carried through to his departure from the promotion in March. Universal Wrestling Federation (1987)
A month later <mask> joined Bill Watts's Universal Wrestling Federation (UWF), losing to Steve Williams in on April 19 in Fort Worth, TX.He wrestled a total of twelve times for the UWF, facing The Super Ninja, Mike Boyette, Dick Murdoch, and others and winning several matches. Following a match with Sting on the August 15th, 1987 edition of Power Pro Wrestling he left the promotion. World Championship Wrestling (1989)
<mask> entered World Championship Wrestling (WCW) on February 4, 1989 losing to Abdullah the Butcher at a house show in Philadelphia, PA. On February 15 he made his first televised appearance, losing to Ricky Steamboat at Clash of the Champions V. <mask> was winless in competition against Eddie Gilbert, Rick Steiner, and Michael Hayes. He left the promotion at the end of March. World Wrestling Federation (1989-1992)
On August 29, 1989 Markovich returned to the WWF and was defeated by Jimmy Snuka at a Wrestling Challenge taping in Springfield, MA. After sporadic appearances, he began another full-time run with the promotion in December. On January 2, 1990, just less than three years after defeating him to win the Texas Heavyweight Championship in WCCW, <mask> was squashed by Intercontinental Champion The Ultimate Warrior at a WWF Superstars of Wrestling taping in Birmingham, AL.He finally picked up his first victory since 1987 when he pinned Jim Powers in Wheeling, WV, but remained mired in the undercard. Fellow enhancement talent Brady Boone returned to the WWF in 1990 and was given the first real push of his career when he was given the character of Battle Kat. Dressed in a furry black mask, the character was accentuated by Boone's gymnastics. Wrestling as Battle Kat, his first televised opponent was against <mask> in a match that aired on Wrestling Challenge on October 14, 1990. However, after the match Boone left the promotion, and the WWF decided to instead give the gimmick to the also acrobatic <mask>. Two weeks later on Wrestling Spotlight he would make his debut as the Kat, teaming with Koko B. Ware against The Orient Express. Under the mask Markovich would see the greatest push of his WWF tenure, facing and defeating Buddy Rose, Pez Whatley, Paul Diamond, and Boris Zukhov.His run at Battle Kat finally ended when he was defeated by The Barbarian on the December 10th edition of Prime Time Wrestling, and shortly thereafter the promotion eliminated the gimmick. <mask> returned to his previous role as an enhancement talent in 1991, losing to Kerry Von Erich, Koko B Ware, Jim Duggan, "Conan" Chris Walker, and others. On September 10, 1991 he became involved in a minor angle on Wrestling Challenge. In a match with Big Bully Busick the two went to a no-contest after Busick attacked him before the bell. Sid Justice then came out to defeat Busick. Markovich's final match came on November 20, 1992 in Auburn Hills, MI when he teamed with Barry Horowitz against High Energy. Championships and accomplishments
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him # 302 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1991.PWI ranked him # 335 of the 500 best singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1992. World Class Wrestling Association
WCWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

References

American male professional wrestlers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Professional wrestling jobbers

masks:
Bob Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley
Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bob Bradley
Bradley


texts:
<mask> (4 July 1676 – 4 September 1750) was a Spanish playwright. Cavalry officer, public official, and author of around one hundred works, he was one of the most important dramatists of the early 18th century. Life
Born in Madrid on 4 July 1676, and baptized ten days later in the church of San Martín, Cañizares had his roots in the countryside south of the capital. His parents were by birth manchegos, from Almagro, Ciudad Real, in the region known as La Mancha. <mask> was named after his father. His mother was Doña <mask> y la Caballería. Both parents belonged to the minor nobility or hidalgo class, which their son later portrayed with humor in many of his plays.Sometime in his late teens or early twenties, Cañizares entered the military service. In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) he served with a unit of heavily armored cavalry, fighting on the side of Felipe V.  By 1711, he had attained the rank of Lieutenant Captain, and also, due to his family background, the patronage of the Duke of Osuna, and his own growing fame as author of comedias in the Golden Age tradition, enjoyed a place at Felipe's court. In 1702 Cañizares found himself appointed by the Magistrate of Madrid as fiscal de comedias, a member of the Board of Theatrical Censors, an office which he exercised in the intervals between combat when the king and his armies returned to the capital. This five-member committee included the Magistrate and his appointee (Cañizares), plus the Vicar of Madrid and his two appointees. Every play proposed for public performance in Madrid had to be submitted to this committee. Each of the officials in turn must approve the play or it would be banned from the stage. As the years went by, Cañizares submitted many of his own plays for approval.As he gained experience in his craft, the board occasionally called upon him to revise a classic Golden Age play so that it would comply with the moral and political views of early 18th century Spain. His signed approbations are to be found on manuscripts dating as early as 1702. Receipts for his annual salary as fiscal are found dating as early as 1708. He supplemented his military and civil service incomes by composing 2-4 major plays per year up through 1734. Of Cañizares' family life, we know only what the public records, as cited chiefly by Cristóbal Pérez Pastor, reveal. Sometime prior to 1733, Cañizares retired from the military and contracted marriage with Doña Lorenza, daughter of Don Gregorio <mask> Losada and  Doña Phelipa Osorio <mask>, both residents of Madrid. Doña Lorenza was the widow of Don Andrés González Valdés y Salgado, with whom she had had a son, Pedro.On 16 November 1733, she gave birth to Cañizares' son and heir, named <mask> after his father and grandfather. She also bore him a daughter, Jerónima, presumably named after Cañizares' mother. Pérez Pastor notes the daughter's birth as after 1734. The family residence was located in the Calle de las Veneras, opposite the Plazuela de Santo Domingo. The year 1747 marked a change in Cañizares' life. Now in his seventies, he took a position in the counting house of the Duke of Osuna. On 25 November, he and his wife made a will, giving her custody of the children in the event of his death.He received his salary as fiscal for the last time on 10 September 1750. The balance for the remaining six months was collected by his widow. <mask> <mask> died on 4 September 1750 at his Madrid residence, and was buried in the Dominican monastery of El Rosario. His works lived on, continuing to be performed in Madrid and the provinces through the remainder of the 18th century and on into the first few years of the 19th, with occasional revivals up to the present day. Works
<mask> <mask> was the most prolific dramatist of early 18th century Spain, credited with writing 80-100 comedias and zarzuelas, plus numerous minor works such as loas, entremeses, mojigangas, bailes, and fines de fiesta, the little pieces that rounded out a theatrical evening. Many of his plays enjoyed immense popularity in his lifetime and formed an integral part of the repertoire of the Madrid companies for over 60 years after his death. He is said to have written his earliest play in 1696 at the age of 13:  Las cuentas del Gran Capitán, a reworking of a play by Lope <mask>.When finally produced in his adult years, Cañizares' version enjoyed such success that it eventually replaced Lope's play in the 18th century theatrical repertoire. The earliest of Cañizares' plays to be performed were zarzuelas on classical, mythological, and chivalresque themes presented in the royal theater of the Buen Retiro. This type of play, produced in collaboration with well-known composers of the period (<mask> Líteres, <mask>, Jaime Facco, Francisco Coradini), incorporated many features (da capo arias, duets, dance sequences) of the Italian opera so loved by Felipe V and both his Italian-born queens. Spoken scenes and passages alternated with those that were sung. What made the zarzuela uniquely Spanish was the retention of many elements of the Calderonian comedia, including the three-act format and typical characters such as the rustic nobleman (figurón) and comical servant (gracioso). We have first performance dates for the following zarzuelas:  Acis y Galatea (1708—repeated at the royal court of Lisbon in 1711), Las Amazonas de España (1720), Amor es todo invención: Jupiter y Anfitrión (Love is a Fiction—1721), Angélica y Medoro (1722), and La hazaña mayor de Alcides (The Greatest Deed of Alcides—1723). After this period, Cañizares began writing for the great public theaters of Madrid, the Teatro del Príncipe and the Teatro de la Cruz.Cañizares wrote nearly every conceivable type of comedia. Among his most popular capa y espada (cloak and sword) plays written in the tradition of <mask>ón are Castigar Favoreciendo (To Punish by Favoring), Dios los cría y ellos se juntan (Birds of a Feather Flock Together), Yo me entiendo y Dios me entiende (I Know What I Mean and God Knows What I Mean). Some of his most popular historical plays, which focus on a military hero who saves the day for his or her country, are Carlos V sobre Túnez (Charles V at Tunis), El guapo Julián Romero (The Daring Julian Romero), La heroica Antona García (The Heroic Antona Garcia). Some examples of his picaresque comedias are El picarillo en España y Señor de la Gran Canaria (The Little Rogue in Spain, and Lord of Grand Canary), and El falso nuncio de Portugal (The False Papal Agent of Portugal). Religious plays (comedias de santos) include, among others, La más amada de Cristo, Santa Gertrudis la Magna (The Most Beloved of Christ, St. Gertrude the Great—Parts I and II), Lo que vale ser devoto de San Antonio de Padua (The Value of Devotion to St. Anthony of Padua), A cuál mejor, confesada y confesor (Which Is Greater, Confessed or Confessor?--St. Teresa of Avila and St. John of the Cross). La viva imagen de Cristo: El Santo Niño de la Villa de la Guardia (The Living Image of Christ: The Holy Child of Villa de la Guardia) is based on the legend of the Holy Child of La Guardia.The two genres at which Cañizares excelled, the comedia de figurón (rural nobleman at court) and the comedia de magia (magic), both enjoyed a long life in the "little theaters" of Madrid. One or another of the most popular seldom failed to be presented at Christmas, Easter, and other seasons of joy. Among his figurón plays are El Dómine Lucas,  La más ilustre fregona (The Most Illustrious Kitchenmaid) and El honor da entendimiento (Honor Gives Understanding). The zarzuela De los hechizos de amor la música es el mayor (The Greatest Enchantment of Love is Music) incorporates a figurón who competes with the hero for the hand of his lady. The public had a special fondness for Cañizares' comedias de magia, a genre full of special effects and sudden plot twists. Among these are El asombro de Francia, Marta la Romarantina (The Wonder of France, Marta la Romarantina—Parts I and II), Don Juan de Espina en Milán,  Don Juan de Espina en Madrid, and El anillo de Giges y mágico rey de Lidia (The Ring of Giges and Magician-King of Lydia—Parts I, II and III). Also extant are a few of Cañizares' non-dramatic works, most notably a collection of lyrics for villancicos de Navidad (Christmas carols) commissioned by the Royal Chapel of Madrid, and two examples of Gongorine-style funereal prose in honor of the Dauphin of France, father of Felipe V.

The total number of Cañizares' plays that continued to be staples of the major theaters of Madrid comes to 24.Of these, 20 had at least one performance after 1800. The operatic theater Caños del Peral presented a few of his plays along with a series of Golden Age works in the early 19th century. The last 19th century data available show a performance of the all-time favorite figurón play Dómine Lucas in the Teatro de la Cruz in 1840. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, some of his zarzuelas have been successfully revived on the Madrid stage. Selected works
Acis y Galatea 1708
El estrago en la fineza, Júpiter y Semele - a Spanish-language zarzuela opera by <mask> Literes to a libretto by <mask> <mask>, premiered 9 May 1718 at the Teatro de la Cruz, Madrid. References

Bibliography
Alvarez y Baena, Joseph Antonio. Hijos de Madrid ilustres en santidad, dignidades, armas, ciencias y artes.Barrera y Leirado, Cayetano <mask> la. Catálogo bibliográfico del teatro antiguo español desde sus orígenes hasta mediados del siglo XVIII. Coe, Ada M.  Catálogo bibliográfico y crítico de las comedias anunciadas en los periódicos de 	Madrid desde 1661 hasta 1819. Coe, Ada M.  Entertainments in the Little Theaters of Madrid 1759-1819. Cotarelo y Mori, Emilio. Orígenes y establecimiento de la ópera en España hasta 1800. Ebersole, Alva V.  <mask> Cañizares, dramaturgo olvidado del siglo XVIII.Jack, W.S. "Bances candamo and the Calderonian Decadents." PMLA, 44 (1929), 1079–89. Moir, Duncan W., ed. Theatro de los theatros de los passados y presentes siglos. Pérez Pastor, Cristóbal. "Noticias y documentos relativos a la historia y literatura españolas."Memorials de la Real Academia Española, X (1911), 9–307. Subirá, <mask>. Historia de la música teatral en España. Subirá, <mask>. El Teatro del Real Palacio. Trífilo, S.S.  "Influencias calderonianas en el drama de Zamora y de Cañizares." Hispanófila, 4 (1961), 	30–45.Valbuena Prat, Angel. Historia del Teatro español. 1676 births
1750 deaths
Spanish dramatists and playwrights
Spanish male dramatists and playwrights
Spanish literature

masks:
José de Cañizares y Suárez
Don José
Jerónima Suárez de Toledo
Alvarez de
de Redín
José
Don José
de Cañizares
José de
Cañizares
de Vega
Antonio de
José Nebra
Calder
Antonio de
José de
Cañizares
Alberto de
José de
José
José


texts:
<mask> (b. <mask>, July 28, 1946, known professionally as <mask> or <mask>) is a fine art photographer, designer, color theorist, digital artist, and educator. He is known for traditional black and white photography, revival of hand-colored photographic technique, and as an early practitioner of digital photography. <mask> is an artist who recognized and advocated for the computer as a fine art medium. Life
Born in Canton, Ohio, an industrial town in the northeast rust belt of Ohio, <mask> is the oldest of four children born to Edwin and <mask>. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1965 to 1968. Following his time in the Navy he resumed his education and began his career as a fine art photographer and educator. Art education and career
Early in 1970 he enrolled in Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria, Virginia where he began formal studies in art.He subsequently enrolled in The George Washington University, Washington, DC (GWU) where fine arts classes were offered at the Corcoran School of Art as well GWU campus. He earned a BA degree in Fine Arts in 1977. In the fall of that year he was accepted into the Fine Arts Graduate Program and was awarded a Graduate Teaching Fellowship. <mask> earned a Master in Fine Arts, Photography in 1980. His work with hand-colored photography put him among those on the cusp of a revival of the process in fine art photography. <mask> joined the GWU faculty as a full-time and tenure track Visiting Professor of Photography in 1980. Among his art faculty colleagues was the noted Washington painter Arthur Hall Smith, He moved to Associate Professor of Photography and then to Associate Professor of Design in 1991, a position he held until his academic retirement in 2012.He currently holds the position of Associate Professor Emeritus from The George Washington University. <mask> introduced digital photography and computer design to the GWU art curriculum. He developed a prototype multimedia resource for the National Bonsai Foundation for the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, DC in 1996. In 2007 he became the Director of the Summer Distant Learning Initiative (later known as the Online Learning Initiative). His experience with the new technology paved the way forward for online learning at the university. His professional career as an educator and as an exhibiting artist continued simultaneously. He served as a juror in art competitions including Herndon Festival of Fine Arts Show, Council for the arts of the Herndon, Herndon, VA in 1991 and the National Photographic Exhibition: Westmoreland Arts & Heritage Festival, Greensburg, PA, 1988, 1993, and 1998.Exhibitions
<mask>'s professional exhibition record includes both national and international shows. In 1999 his exhibit at Galerie Lee in Paris, France  resulted in five of his works being accepted into the permanent collection of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. Three of the works were hand-colored photographs and two were digital prints. <mask> was represented in Washington, DC by Anton Gallery from 2000 to 2006. He participated in numerous shows including "Monuments" (July 13-August 25, 2001), "<mask>: Within Sight,"   A selection of these prints is included in the permanent collection of the University of Maryland University College. As a member of the art faculty at The George Washington University, <mask>'s work was shown frequently in the Dimock Gallery, George Washington Art Galleries. His work was also shown at the Fine Arts Center Gallery, Charles County Community College, La Plata, MD., now named The Tony Hungerford Memorial Gallery, College of Southern Maryland.Selected exhibits

"Scenes of Southern Italy" World Bank, Washington, DC (1984)
"4th Annual Brandeis Juried Art Exhibit" Strathmore Hall, Rockville, MD (1985)
"Color and Photography" Rathbone Gallery, Albany, NY (1987)
"Hand-colored Silver Prints" Pittsburgh Filmakers' Gallery, Pittsburgh, PA (1988)
"Current Trends in Digital Imaging" Tyler Gallery, Northern Virginia Community College, Alexandria, VA (1997)
"<mask>: photographie en giclée et colorié å la main" Galerie Lee, Paris France, 1999
"Monuments" Anton Gallery, Washington, DC, 2001
"Winthin Sight: digital photographs" Anton Gallery, Washington DC, 2002

Works of art in collections

<mask>'s work is in numerous private and public collections including:
University of Maryland University College, College Park, MD
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Prints and Photographs collection (reference number Ep-3972-Boite Fol. ), Paris, France
J.M. Marriott Corporation, Bethesda, MD
The George Washington University, Washington, DC
The College of Southern Maryland, La Plata, MD

Recognition and awards
Art Directors Club of Metropolitan Washington Award of Excellence, Washington, DC, 1977
David lloyd Kreeger Prize in Photography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 1979
Printing Industries of America First Prize, Poster Division, Warrendale, PA, 1982
Academic Excellence Award Web site designed for the National Bonsai Foundation and National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, DC. Lectures and workshops
Hand-Colored Photographs workshop, Smithsonian Resident Associate Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (1981) (1982)
An Artistic Commentary on the Alfred Stieglitz Exhibition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (1983)
An Artistic Commentary on the Ansel Adams Exhibition, National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC (1985)
Impressionist' Exposure to Photography, Smithsonian Resident Associate Program, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC (1986
Mousing Around: Making Art on the Computer. Presented to the Woman's Caucus for Art of Greater Washington, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (1999)

Reviews, publications  and catalogues
"Photography by Jeffery L. Stephanic" exhibition review, The Repository, North Canton, OH (1986)
"Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic" Marquis Who's Who in the East, 21st edition, 1966-1987. Macmillan Directory Division, (1987) p. 767
"JCA Photography Exhibit Innovative" exhibition review, Times Union, Albany, NY (April, 1987)
"9/11/01" exhibition review, The Washington Times (October 13, 2001)
"Monumental Exhibition at Anton Gallery" exhibition review, The Washington Times (August 4, 2001) p. D5
"Jeff Stephanic: Within Sight" exhibition review The Washington Times (September 12, 2002) p. M5
Artist's Quarter" exhibition review, GWMagazine (Spring, 2007) p. 51

Photographs in print
"Jeffrey L. Stephanic: Hand-Colored Silver Prints" Alexandria, VA (1986)
"A Most Remarkable Man: J. Willard Marriott" The Marriott Corporation, Bethesda, MD ( 1986)
"Jeffrey Stephanic/photographs - Douglas H Teller/watercolors" Dimock Gallery, Art Department, The George Washington University, Washington, DC (1989)
"Jeff Stephanic: A 2006 Portfolio" Alexandria, VA (2006)

References

External links

https://s2.docgo.net/uploads/DP2017/03/05/s7H1FyYfbz/89c2c4bc89e274fdbeffa75ecc74ff98.pdf

American male artists
1946 births
Living people

masks:
Jeffrey Lynn Stephanic
Jeffery Lynn Stephanic
Jeffrey
Jeff Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Patsye Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Stephanic
Jeff Stephanic
Stephanic
Jeffrey Stephanic
Stephanic