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<mask> (born Robert Donald Wallenstein, January 22, 1926 – November 24, 2016) was an American sportscaster, known for his long career calling play-by-play for the Fort Wayne Komets hockey games. For 63 seasons, <mask> called the action on radio and/or television. Only Vin Scully, who called play-by-play for 67 seasons with the Brooklyn/Los Angeles Dodgers, had a longer broadcasting tenure with a single franchise. <mask> married his wife, Muriel, on April 6, 1950. Because his boss at WOWO thought the name "Wallenstein" was too lengthy for the airwaves, he took his wife's maiden name for use on the air. Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in Negaunee, Michigan. He played hockey as a child and attended Graveraet High School.At the age of 17, he enlisted in the United States Navy, and served as a cryptographer during World War II. <mask> attended Northern Michigan University, where he graduated in 1952. In 1949, while attending Northern Michigan, <mask> began his broadcasting career at WDMJ in Marquette. Upon his graduation, he moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana where he was hired as a DJ at WOWO. He served a variety of roles at WOWO, including program director, DJ, marketing and promotions director, sports director, and program host. He retired from full time duties at WOWO in 2009. Fort Wayne Komets (1953–2016)
<mask> is best known for his association with the minor-league Fort Wayne Komets.He began his tenure with the Komets in 1953 as the team's co-announcer, and took over full-time duties in 1954. For many years, <mask>'s Komets broadcast was the only International Hockey League broadcast on the air. Aided by the long range of WOWO's 50,000-watt signal, <mask>'s voice was known and heard throughout the Midwest and out to the East Coast – over 28 states in all, plus half of Canada – and overseas in Europe. <mask> broadcast over 4,500 Komets games throughout his career, including 526 of the 532 playoff games played during his time with the Komets. <mask> also broadcast every IHL All-Star game played from the inaugural contest in 1962 until 1999, when the Komets left the league. Over the course of his career, <mask> turned down the play-by-play job for the Detroit Red Wings in 1962 in favor of his friend and incumbent, Bruce Martyn, and was considered for posts with the Boston Bruins, California Golden Seals, Minnesota North Stars, St. Louis Blues, and Washington Capitals. <mask> called his last Komets game on May 15, 2016.Other broadcasting history
<mask> was the only broadcaster of the IHL All-Star Game from the time he joined the Komets until 1999, the year the Komets left the IHL. Along with his hockey duties, <mask> covered high school basketball for 17 years. One of his notable basketball moments was when he covered the famed 1954 Milan High School and their win in the state basketball championship. The 1954 Milan team was later memorialized as the team that inspired the 1986 movie, "Hoosiers". <mask> also broadcast Big Ten football for 10 years, and he announced the Indianapolis 500 for 25 years. Broadcasting style
<mask> borrowed from a pair of Canadian broadcasters, Foster Hewitt and Danny Gallivan, who were famous for the "Hockey Night in Canada". His best critic was his father, Gunnard.The elder <mask> offered key advice that the son molded into a presentation that became known to his followers as "Radio Rinkside", so named because of <mask>'s ability to describe the action in a way that left the listener with a feeling of being right there watching the game as it was being played. <mask> was famous for his colorful and enthusiastic calling of play-by-play. One of <mask>'s most often repeated cries evolved from his coverage of the breakaway. Fans know <mask> for calling "He looks, he shoots, HE SCORES!" In addition, he rarely missed a chance to promote the radio station. Going into commercial breaks, he would remind listeners, "on WOWO, this is KOMET hockey". Non-broadcasting activities
Beyond his duties as a sports announcer, <mask> was often found behind the WOWO microphone interviewing famous personalities.HIs interview list included Elvis, the Beatles, Jim Brown, Frank Sinatra, <mask>, then Vice President Richard Nixon, Gordie Howe, and Arnold Palmer. Outside the broadcast booth, <mask> served as the general manager of the Komets during the 1989–90 season, which saw the Komets achieve a 37–34–11 record and a playoff berth. Awards and honors

Lester Patrick Trophy
In a ceremony held on October 15, 2012, <mask> was a recipient of the prestigious Lester Patrick Trophy. The trophy has been awarded annually since 1966 in appreciation for contributions to the sport of ice hockey in the United States. <mask> became only the 5th broadcaster to receive this award. Retired Jersey / Fort Wayne Komets Hall of Fame
In 1993, <mask>'s 40th season of broadcasting Komet hockey games, the hockey club retired jersey number 40 in his honor. It was raised to the rafters of the Memorial Coliseum, where it is permanently displayed with the other jerseys retired by the team.In 2003, after his 50th season of broadcasting Komet hockey games, <mask> was inducted into the Fort Wayne Komets Hall of Fame. Other honors
In addition to the Lester Patrick Trophy and the recognition bestowed by the Komets, <mask> has received numerous other professional and non-professional honors. Included on that list are:

 2000 – Inductee, Indiana Broadcasters Association's Broadcast Pioneers Hall of Fame
 2001 – Named a Sagamore of the Wabash. 2002 – Inductee, Baer Field Speedway Hall of Fame
 2002 – Inductee, Indiana Sportswriters and Sports Broadcasters Hall of Fame
 2006 – Inductee, Indiana High School Hockey Hall of Fame
 2009 – Inductee, Upper Peninsula Sports Hall of Fame
 2009–10 – IHL Broadcaster of the Year
 2010 – Recipient, Mad Anthony's Red Coat
 2013 – Recipient, Key to the Fort, awarded by Fort Wayne Mayor Tom Henry
 2013–14 – ECHL Broadcaster of the Year
 (Dates Uncertain) – UHL, CHL Broadcaster of the Year
 On June 27, 2017, the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum Board of Trustees voted unanimously to rename the circle driveway in front of the Ticket Office in honor of <mask>. The street "Bob Chase Way" was officially unveiled with commemorative signage and a ceremony in the fall of 2017. Fellow Lester Patrick Trophy recipient and Hall of Fame broadcaster Mike Emrick, seen by some as the voice of hockey in America because of his broadcasting on the NHL on NBC, counted <mask> as his mentor. In his formative years, Emrick routinely sent his broadcasts to <mask> for critique.Before Emrick developed his own broadcasting style, he tried to imitate <mask>. In January 2012, Emrick joined <mask> and his broadcast partner of 33 years, former Komet all-star goalie Robbie Irons, in the Komet broadcast booth as the three shared play-by-play during a game in which <mask> was honored. This joint effort fulfilled life-long dreams of both <mask> and Emrick. Illness and death
<mask> died of congestive heart failure in the early morning hours of Thanksgiving Day, on November 24, 2016. <mask> was survived by his wife, four children, eight grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren. In a sign of respect to <mask>, his body lay in repose at center ice at the Allen County War Memorial Coliseum on November 29. Hundreds of fans filed past the open casket for the chance to see <mask> one last time in the building where <mask> worked his profession for his entire 63-year tenure with the Komets.The next day, a private ceremony was held for family and close friends. Several friends, family, and trade associates spoke about their relationship with <mask>. The day ended with a military service at graveside. <mask> was laid to rest at Riverview Cemetery in Churubusco, Indiana. Bibliography
(2009). Live From Radio Rinkside: The <mask> Story. <mask>, Blake Sebring (As Told By).<city, state>: Authorhouse. References

External links

1926 births
2016 deaths
United States Navy personnel of World War II
American radio sports announcers
American television sports announcers
College football announcers
High school basketball announcers in the United States
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
Northern Michigan University alumni
People from Negaunee, Michigan
People from Fort Wayne, Indiana
Radio personalities from Indiana
Sportspeople from Michigan

masks:
Bob Chase
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<mask> (29 November 1559 – 21 July 1636) was a Spanish soldier, lawyer and a high-ranking colonial official for 43 years, in the Philippines (1594 to 1604), New Spain and Peru, where he was president of the Real Audiencia for 20 years. He was also a historian. After being reassigned to Mexico, he published the book Sucesos de las islas Filipinas in 1609, considered one of the most important works on the early history of the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. As Deputy Governor in the Philippines, he restored the audencia. He took over the function of judge or oidor. He also took command of Spanish ships in a 1600 naval battle against Dutch corsairs, but suffered defeat and barely survived. His history was first published in English in 1868; numerous editions have been published in English, including a 1907 edition that is online at the Gutenberg Project.It has also been reprinted in Spanish and other languages. Education and service in the Philippines
<mask> <mask> Sánchez Garay was born in Seville. He graduated from the University of Salamanca in 1574 and in 1578 received a doctorate in canon law. He taught briefly in Osuna, and then returned to Salamanca to study civil law. In 1580 he joined the government service as a lawyer. Among other positions in Spain, he held that of auditor general of the galleys. In 1582 he was serving as mayor of Baracaldo in Vizcaya when he first married, to Juana <mask> <mask>.In August 1593 he was notified that he had been selected as Lieutenant to the Governor-General of the Philippines, starting what would become 43 years of colonial service. He traveled accompanied by his family, 14 servants, three black slaves and his collection of books. Following the route of that time, he sailed from Cadiz in February 1594, arriving in Mexico in May. During the following period of preparation for the Pacific voyage, he heard two important cases, and supervised the supplying of the two ships to be used. He also recruited 200 soldiers for the garrison in Manila. They departed Acapulco on March 22, 1595, reaching Manila on June 11, 1595. He had the second-most powerful position in the colony.He first served under Governor-General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas, who was interim after his father's death. Francisco Tello <mask> soon succeeded him, and <mask> reported to him during most of his time in the colony. In his account of the colonial Philippines published in 1609, <mask> noted the miserable condition suffered by  many of the Spanish/Mexican soldiers, who were young, ill-paid and suffered in that unfamiliar environment. Few wanted to settle in Manila, and higher-level government officials also sought to leave the colony in a few years. His first two reports to the Crown covered a wide variety of topics, mentioning Japan, Mindanao, and China, in addition to civil, military and ecclesiastical activities within the colony. He issued regulations for administrative reform, known as the Ordenzas. Among his reforms was to restore the audencia.In 1598 he resigned as lieutenant governor to assume the office of oidor, or judge, in the newly re-established Audiencia of Manila. The position required his removal from much public life. During this period, <mask> encouraged the growth in trade between Spain and China, known as the galleon trade. Chinese ships came to Manila to trade. From there, the Spanish sent galleons to Acapulco, where goods were shipped to Mexico City and then to Veracruz, for transportation to Spain. They were paid for with Spanish/Mexican silver, which became a currency in China. While stationed in Manila, <mask> noted many of the wares imported from the Ming dynasty of China.He mentioned porcelain only once, although at this time it was becoming one of the greatest export items, along with silk, to Europe from China. They bring domestic buffaloes; geese that resemble swans; horses, some mules and asses; even caged birds, some of which talk, while others sing, and they make them play innumerable tricks...pepper and other spices. <mask> closed his inventory list by stating that there were "rarities which, did I refer to them all, I would never finish, nor have sufficient paper for it." Combat with Dutch corsairs
In 1600 Dutch corsairs under Olivier van Noort were preying on shipping entering Manila harbor. According to <mask>'s account, Governor <mask> Tello <mask> and the Audiencia appointed <mask> to go to Cavite and assemble, equip, and supply a fleet to attack the Dutch (31 October 1600). The ships available were the San Diego, the San Bartolomé, and some smaller vessels. Some refitting was necessary, since both the San Diego and the San Bartolomé were cargo ships.According to <mask>, this was done without drawing on the colonial treasury (i.e., at his own expense, perhaps with other private contributions). <mask> had had some military experience, having been general of a Spanish fleet some time previously and lieutenant of the captain general of the Philippines for some years, but he had never seen combat. On 1 December 1600, Governor Tello appointed <mask> captain general of the fleet, with orders to attack the two Dutch ships. The two forces met on 14 December 1600. The Spanish also had two ships, and one sailed off in pursuit of one of the Dutch ships. Unable to fire – the gunports were closed because they were under the waterline, because he had allowed the ship to be dangerously overloaded – <mask> ordered the San Diego to ram the Mauritius and grapple it. Thirty soldiers and some sailors boarded the Mauritius, taking possession of the forecastle and after-cabin and capturing the Dutch standard.The main and mizzen masts were stripped of sails and rigging. The Dutch retreated to the bow, where at first it seemed they were about to surrender. However, they soon renewed the fight with muskets and artillery. An intense, six-hour hand-to-hand battle ensued, and many were killed on each side. The Dutch were said to have very few men left, and then the Mauritius caught fire. Fearing the fire, the San Diego recalled its men and cast off. However, the Spanish ship was taking on water and sinking, either from the ramming or from the artillery of the Mauritius.(Accounts differ.) The Dutch took this opportunity to extinguish the fire and set sail with the foresail, the only sail remaining, and with a skeleton crew. They eventually reached Borneo. The other Dutch ship, however, was captured by the San Bartolome. It was taken to Manila, where captain Biesmann and 25 surviving sailors were hanged. The San Diego sank so quickly that the men for the most part were unable to disarm or abandon ship. Perhaps 350 men were lost.<mask> swam for four hours, holding on to the Dutch standard, and made it to a small deserted island, where a few others of the ship's company also arrived. This is based on the account of <mask>, as published in his 1609 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. He blamed the captain of the San Bartolome for the loss of the San Diego, because he had pursued the other Dutch ship rather than attacking the Mauritius. The Dutch account of these events was very different, accusing <mask> of incompetence and cowardice. In 1992, French explorers led by Franck Goddio excavated the sunken San Diego with its treasure. Because of the large number of artifacts found with it (over 34,000), this was hailed as a great archaeological discovery. The artifacts included Chinese porcelain, celadon ware, Japanese katanas, Spanish morions, Portuguese cannons, and Mexican coins.An MV San Diego warship museum has been constructed on Fortune Island to display and interpret many of the artifacts. This was the island reached by <mask> and the other survivors of the San Diego. In New Spain and Peru
On 10 July 1603, <mask> was reassigned to Mexico, in command of the ships sailing that year for New Spain. He became alcalde of criminal causes in the Royal Audiencia of Mexico City. He was also advisor to the viceroy on military matters and counsel for the Holy Office of the Inquisition. He served in Mexico until 1615, publishing his history of the Philippines in 1609, which has become noted for its account of the early colonial years and has been translated into numerous languages and published in many editions. In 1615 he was named president of the Audiencia of Quito, within the Viceroyalty of Peru.He arrived in Guayaquil on 8 September 1615, having narrowly escaped falling into the hands of Dutch corsairs off the island of Santa Clara. He took up his office in Quito on 30 September 1615. During his administration, the textile industry advanced and the University of San Gregorio Magno was founded. It was a time of confrontation between the civil and ecclesiastic powers, as well as disputes between the Creole and Peninsular monks for control of the religious orders. Although <mask> was widely known to gamble extensively, have affairs with women, and conduct other questionable activities, he still achieved bureaucratic reforms, as well as of the liturgy, and helped improve treatment of the native peoples. In 1625 <mask> was investigated for corruption and arrested. On 18 September 1627, he was cleared of the charges and his offices were restored to him.He died in 1636. Except for the period 1625–27, he held the position of president of the Audiencia of Quito for 20 years, from 1615 until the year of his death. Most presidents of the Audencia served about 5 years. Even as he aged, <mask> pursued women. Shortly before his death in 1636, he was relieved of his duties. He was fined 2000 gold ducats for "having lewd relationships with much publicity and with many women". History of the Philippine Islands

<mask> suffered important failures in both his military and political capacities.The same cannot be said for his work as historian. In 1609, he published the work for which he is now remembered – Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Isles). This work, perhaps the best account of Spanish colonialism in the Philippines written during that period, is based partly on documentary research, partly on keen observation, and partly on <mask>'s personal involvement and knowledge. The history was published in two volumes, both in 1609 by Casa de Geronymo Balli, in Mexico City. (The work had circulated for years before this in manuscript form.) New Spain Viceroy <mask> Velasco (hijo) authorized the publication and granted <mask> the sole right to publish it for ten years, on 7 April 1609. On the same date, Fray García Guerra, archbishop of Mexico, approved the publication of the work.The history covers the years from 1493 to 1603. Political, social, and economic phases of life, both among the natives and their conquerors, are treated. <mask>'s official position allowed him access to many government documents. The work greatly impressed Philippine independence hero José Rizal (1861–96), himself a man of letters and of action. He decided to annotate it and publish a new edition. He began work on this in London, completing it in Paris in 1890. He wrote:

If the book (Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas) succeeds to awaken your consciousness of our past, already effaced from your memory, and to rectify what has been falsified and slandered, then I have not worked in vain, and with this as a basis, however small it may be, we shall be able to study the future.About Rizal's Morga

The first English translation was published in London in 1868.Another English translation by Blair and Robertson was published in Cleveland in 1907, (it is available online at the Gutenberg Project) and an edition edited by J.S. Cummins was published by the Hakluyt Society in 1971 (). Works

References

Brook, Timothy. (1998). The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China. Berkeley: University of California Press. (Paperback).External links

<mask>, Dr. <mask>. History of the Philippine Islands, Vols. 1 and 2 (1609/1907), (Translated and Annotated in English), Ed. E.H. Blair and J.A. Robertson, J.A. (editors). Cleveland, Ohio: The Arthur H. Clark Company
 Some biographical details
 * Another account of the battle
 Some notes on his responsibilities in Manila, Zamboanga
 <mask> Suárez, Chap: 11, "El presidente don <mask> <mask>," Historia general de la República del Ecuador

1559 births
1636 deaths
Colonial Mexico
Colonial Peru
Spanish historians
Spanish expatriates in the Philippines
Authors of Spanish ethnographic accounts of the Philippines in the 16th century
Ming dynasty
University of Salamanca alumni

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Antonio de Morga Sánchez Garay
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de Munotones
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Federico González
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<mask> is a Canadian born American multimedia artist, scholar and educator whose work explores art, science, and technology-related themes. Known for collaborating across disciplines and projects that explore the mind-brain relationship, interspecies communication and the phenomenology of perception, her work examines "the way that experiences and biases toward scientific subjects affect interpretations in specific contexts." Education
<mask> received an MFA with Distinction from the California College of the Arts. She was a Monbusho Scholar and Tokyu Foundation Research Scholar at Kyoto Seika University. Career
<mask>'s multi-sensory installations explore the "concept of "umwelt," as described in the semiotic theories of Jakob von Uexküll and interpreted by Thomas A. Sebeok (1976)... the world as it is experienced by a particular organism. As such, umwelt evokes more than environment; it emphasizes an organism's ability to sense — a condition for the existence of shared signs." Her collaborations on third culture projects uncover the deeper meaning behind the history and evolution of science and technology; how people, culture and institutions shape the understanding of science, history and the natural world.Her cross-disciplinary work often includes microscopy and biomedical imaging, and is described as "something uncanny... where one's consciousness can neither respond in a unified way to the bodily sensations or float free in imaginary space; it is caught in the in-between." Influenced by the early work of the MIT Center for Advanced Visual Studies, and the art and visual perception theories of Rudolf Arnheim, <mask> was one of the first artists in the US appointed to a university science unit, is listed as one of the 66 Brilliant Women in Creative Technology, and has programmed art, science and technology curriculum, symposiums and fellowships at research institutions. Solo exhibitions include Sensing Terrains at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. in 2006, and at the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York in 2007; Dark Skies at the Art I Sci Center Gallery at UCLA in 2012, Transfigurations at Galeria Grafica Tokio, Japan in 2003, and The Mutable Archive, at Bruno David Gallery, St. Louis, Missouri in 2020. Olynyk was part of a three-person exhibition, Umwelt, which took "the concept of collaboration to new heights and complications," at the Zooid Institute Collective, BioBAT Art Space, at the Brooklyn Army Terminal in 2019. Group shows in New York also include, with Ellen Levy, Skeptical Inquirers at the Sidney Mishkin Gallery in 2016; Sleuthing the Mind at the Pratt Manhattan Gallery in 2014, and, Ephemeral: Unraveling History at the Ruth S. Harley Gallery in 2015. Her work has been featured at Palazzo Michiel dalle Colonne for Venice Design 2018, the Los Angeles International Biennial, The Brooklyn Museum, the Saitama Modern Art Museum in Japan, Museo del Corso in Rome, and The Banff Centre for the Arts in Canada. She is represented by the Bruno David Gallery.<mask> was the US curator and a speaker at the CYFEST-12: ID, CYLAND International Media Art Festival, at the Saint Petersburg Stieglitz State Academy of Art and Design in Russia in 2019. After 13 years as Director, and Florence and Frank Bush Professor of Art, at the Graduate School of Art, Sam Fox School of Design & Visual Arts, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, <mask> transitioned to the full time faculty in 2020. She was an associate professor at the University of Michigan's School of Art & Design, and director of the Penny W. Stamps Distinguished Visitors Program and the Roman J. Witt Visiting Faculty Program, supporting cross-disciplinary discourse and research. In 2005, she became the first non-scientist appointed to the University’s Life Sciences Institute. Former Chair of the Leonardo Education and Art Forum, a branch of Leonardo, the International Society for the Arts, Sciences and Technology, <mask> co-directs the Leonardo/ISAST New York LASER program with Ellen K. Levy, promoting cross-disciplinary exchange between artists, scientists, and scholars. Awards and Fellowships
Awards include a Helmut S. Stern Fellowship at the Institute for the Humanities, University of Michigan, and a Francis C. Wood Fellowship at the College of Physicians and Mütter Museum in Philadelphia. <mask>'s residencies include UCLA’s Design Media Arts Department, Banff Center for the Arts in Canada, Montalvo Arts Center in California, the University of Applied Arts Vienna, and at Europe’s oldest asylum, the Narrenturm, also in Vienna.Selected bibliography
 "Minding the Gap: Risk Capital and the Myth of Two Cultures," editorial for Leonardo, Vol. 45, No.

masks:
Patricia Olynyk
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<mask> (1747 – May 17, 1820) was an Italian architect and painter who was the house architect of Paul I of Russia. Brenna was hired by Paul and his spouse Maria Fyodorovna as interior decorator in 1781 and by the end of 1780s became the couple's leading architect. Brenna worked on Pavlovsk Palace and Gatchina palaces, rebuilt Saint Isaac's Cathedral, and most notably created Saint Michael's Castle in Saint Petersburg. Most of his architectural works were created concurrently during Paul's brief reign (November 1796 – March 1801). Soon after Paul was murdered in a palace coup <mask>, renowned for fraud and embezzlement barely tolerated by his late patron, retired and left Russia for an uneventful life in Saxony. Brenna never reached the level of his better known contemporaries Giacomo Quarenghi, Charles Cameron and Vasili Bazhenov and was soon surpassed by his own trainee Carlo Rossi. Nevertheless, historians Igor Grabar, Nikolay Lanceray and Dmitry Shvidkovsky praised him for sincere and unrestricted naturalism of his graphic work and considered him to be the watershed between the Age of Enlightenment and Romanticism in Russian architecture.Family roots and training

Brenna belonged to an old Ticino family that had split into two branches, stonemasons (Brenno) and painters (Brenni) not later than the last quarter of the 17th century. Stonemasons and marbling experts Karl Antonio and Francesco Brenno worked in the 1680s in Salzburg. Karl Enrico Brenno (Brennus) carved elaborate tombs in Denmark and Hamburg, but was better known for his marbling artwork at Fredensborg, Christiansborg and Klausholm palaces. Giovanni Battista Brenno, stucco expert, worked in Bavaria. The other branch produced three brothers Brenni (born in the 1730s), fresco painters. <mask>, son of Francesco, was born in 1747 in Florence (19th-century sources list him as a native of Rome, perhaps due to his signature Del cavalier Brenna Romano). It is not clear whether <mask> belonged to Brenno or Brenni branch.Since 1767 Brenna studied crafts in the Roman workshop of Stefano Pozzi together with his better known contemporary Giacomo Quarenghi. Quarenghi, who leaned to painting, converted to architecture under Brenna's influence and later even gave <mask>, who was three years younger than Quarenghi the credit for being "my first teacher in architecture". <mask> himself did not have luck in tangible architecture; instead, commissioned by Lodovico Mirri under auspices of Pope Clement XIII, he surveyed the relics of Rome together with Franciszek Smuglewicz. Their drawings, engraved by Marco Carloni, were published in the late 1770s as Vestigia delle Terme di Tito. Another set of Brenna's drawings, created not later than 1781 and engraved by Giovanni Cassini, was published in three folios (380 sheets) from 1781 to 1788. It is not known if Brenna had a chance to meet Charles Cameron, who also surveyed Rome in the 1770s, prior to Brenna's arrival in Russia. Brenna eventually "arrived at a more theatric conception of Antiquity than the Scot," and created architecture radically different from Cameron's.From Poland to Russia

Back in Italy <mask> met Stanisław Kostka Potocki, a well-educated and rich amateur in need of professional artists. <mask> followed Potocki to Poland where he prepared two drafts of a church in Ujazdow. He received commissions to decorate Potocki's palace in Natolin, for which "compensated" himself from his patron's art collection. The two parted in a bitter conflict; "Brenna's thievery, double-dealing and desertion of his benefactor Potocki for the future czar seem the unkindest cuts of all". According to Lanceray, Brenna also painted frescoes in Warsaw for the king Stanisław August Poniatowski. In the end of 1781 Russian heir apparent Paul (reigned as Paul I of Russia) and his spouse Maria, travelling on a Grand Tour of Europe under the thin guise of Comte du Nord, noticed Brenna's work in Warsaw. Paul, aware that Charles Cameron needed interior decorators for his Pavlovsk palace, offered Brenna employment in Pavlovsk.<mask> and his assistant Franz Labensky were formally hired by Maria for a starting annual salary of 200 roubles. Most recent sources (Shvidkovsky) date Brenna's arrival in Russia as the beginning of 1784; Lanceray described Brenna's Russian drafts dated 1783. Meanwhile, when Paul and Maria were in Europe, Cameron began displaying signs of aversion to their interference with his work. Court intermediaries suppressed the conflict for a while, but by 1785 Maria herself grew tired of Cameron's alleged inefficiency and warned him, through Count Kuchelbecker, that he will not see any new commissions. Cameron's influence faded, influence of his assistants, including <mask>, rose, powered in part by the Italians' assertive, self-confident behaviour. Aspiring Brenna was caught in the middle of "battle of the palaces", an expensive ideological contest between Catherine and Paul "hidden from the uninitiated but known to the court". Catherine made the first move, razing Bazhenov's gothic towers of Tsaritsyno Palace.Cameron, dismissed by Paul, was the second casualty. Paul suspected him of carrying out Catherine's orders: Cameron built for him "a markedly private world", not an imperial palace. <mask>, already Paul's trusted servant, was an ideal replacement. According to Lanceray, Paul used Brenna for visualizing his architectural fantasies as early as 1783–1785. Maria also favored Brenna; in 1787 she wrote that she was "fascinated by Brenna's return to work" inherited from Cameron. By 1789 (Shvidkovsky: 1786) Brenna, finally, was awarded his first tangible architectural project, remodeling of Paul's study suite in Pavlovsk. In 1794 Brenna was rewarded with a lot of land near to Pavlovsk palace.Paul's trusted barber Count Ivan Kutaisov, another Pavlovsk landlord, became Brenna's first private customer; he commissioned a summer dacha in "medieval style". By this time Brenna earned 750 roubles p.a., but when Paul ascended to the throne in 1796, Brenna's salary reached 3,550 roubles. Gatchina

Gatchina Palace, completed by Antonio Rinaldi in 1781, became Paul's residence in 1783; formally, it was his property and Pavlovsk became property of Maria Fyodorovna. Paul associated Rinaldi's style with Orlov brothers, murderers of his fathers, and immediately launched remodeling of the palace. Paul and Maria's private suites were redesigned in austere styling with inexpensive materials, in contrast with lavishly decorated public halls. Until 1790 Paul lived a quiet life of a landlord, but in the last six years of Catherine's reign (1790–1796) Gatchina became a base for Paul's private militarized party, called Gatchintsy or Ostrogoths. In 1793 Brenna designed Connetable Square, modelled after Château de Chantilly.In 1796 Paul launched construction of a military base for his trusted Gatchina troops; the project, led by Brenna, also employed Bazhenov, Ivan Starov, Andreyan Zakharov and Nikolay Lvov, architect of the Priory Palace. At about the same time Brenna expanded the palace itself, completing two square side wings of the palace. According to Lanceray's studies of archived architectural drawings, initially Paul instructed Brenna to design these wings as single-story buildings, then two storey, and finally three storey, level with Rinaldi's central core. Archive evidence does not allow reliable attribution of other Gatchina buildings to Brenna; after Paul's ascension he retained overall management over Gatchina project, but spent most time working on Saint Michael's Castle. Brenna also completed a series of new, at time fantastic, palace drafts reflecting Paul's visions. Some of these drafts, dated 1783–1785, are direct predecessors of Saint Michael's Castle; according to Lanceray, these early experiments explain the "mind-bogging fast" () pace of design stage for the Castle. Pavlovsk

Brenna's major additions to Pavlovsk Palace materialized after Paul's ascension to the throne; the architect prepared
drafts over the winter of 1796-1797 and work commenced in spring of 1797.By summer of 1799 Brenna completed expansion of Cameron's modest side wings into spacious private suites for Paul and Maria, and added new wings for their retinue, nearly completing the circumference of oval cour d'honneur. However, the palace retained its open facade appearance and the circumference is evident only in plans or aerial photographs. Pavlovsk interiors retained, to a varying degree, signs of Cameron's style and cannot be reliably attributed to a particular architect, with the exception of empress Maria's suite unconditionally attributed to Brenna and Andrey Voronikhin's repairs after the 1803 fire. Bip Fortress, built on site of actual Swedish forts of Great Northern War, was Paul's favorite folly since 1778. Paul even listed Bip as a real fortress in the official Army register. Existing structure was completed by Brenna in 1797 and housed Maltese Order offices. Brenna also designed and built Pavlovsk residence for grand dukes Alexander and Konstantin.Completed in December 1798, it was originally intended for empress Maria's mother and eventually became Konstantin's private residence. All of Brenna's original styling was lost in the 19th century. Saint Michael's Castle

In May 1782 Paul, Comte du Nord,

masks:
Vincenzo Brenna
Brenna
Vincenzo Brenna
Vincenzo Brenna
Brenna
Brenna
Brenna
Brenna
Brenna
Brenna
Brenna


texts:
 met Charles-Louis Clérisseau in Chantilly. Clerisseau, who knew he was admired by Paul's mother, reprimanded the Russian heir for not paying him attention before and promised to report Paul's "disrespect" to Catherine. The bitter exchange further alienated Paul from the Enlightenment Classicism practiced by Catherine; Paul formed an opinion of neoclassic art as dry, emotionally inadequate reproduction of antiques. Instead of André Le Nôtre's geometric gardens, Paul embraced emerging romanticism and the English concept of landscape parks. According to Dmitry Shvidkovsky, the architect and the emperor shared the Romantic vision of art; this emotional bond explains Brenna's survival at the court of an irrational tsar.Design and construction of Saint Michael's Castle began at least 13 times since 1784; in the end, Paul relied on <mask> and his trainee Carlo Rossi. Vasily Bazhenov was involved in one of earlier abortive projects; this information, incorrectly interpreted in the 19th century, led to a widespread misconception that the castle was co-designed by <mask> and Bazhenov. Paul, in his usual manner, assigned Bazhenov to be <mask>'s mentor, but all creative and business issues were handled by <mask> alone. The castle turned out to be not a Neoclassical building, but "a rare example of an imperial palace genuinely redolent of the Romantic era." Paul decreed construction of the castle in November 1796, three weeks after Catherine's death. It took two months to demolish the old structures on site; groundbreaking was celebrated in February 1797 but actual work commenced in earnest on March 11, exactly four years before Paul's murder. Initial cost budget reached 1.5 million roubles in gold, not including interior finishes

Paul shut down Catherine's projects in Tsarskoye Selo and placed the redundant workforce at Brenna's disposal.He wanted to see the castle externally complete by the end of 1797, so work on site, employing up to 6,000 men, continued day at night while all other residents of Saint Petersburg were ordered to sleep after dusk. Indeed, walls of the castle and nearby Exerzierhaus (Riding House) were built (but not finished in stone) by the end of October 1797. Brenna, realizing that existing project management controls will delay completion, demanded elimination of all financial controls and intermediaries between Paul and himself. Paul agreed and allowed Brenna unchecked access to state finances; in the end, total cost of the Castle reached six million roubles in gold. While Paul and Brenna spent millions on finishes and artwork, they placed unnecessary cost controls on essential works like roofing and site drainage; the castle was topped out with an iron roof only in 1799. The structure was declared ready for occupancy only in the beginning of 1800, fourteen months before Paul's death, but "moving in" ceremony was delayed until November 1800. Moisture inside the ballroom was so high that candlelight could not break through the wall of fog; Paul and Maria left and returned to the castle only on February 1, 1801.Despite all setbacks, four-year construction period was unprecedented for a large palace; contemporaries and modern historians agree that <mask> proved himself a capable project manager. In addition to Saint Michael's Castle, he was still responsible for works performed at Gatchina, Pavlovsk, Petergof and Tsarskoye Selo; he managed hundreds of suppliers and contractors, hired European artists, squeezed discounts out of merchants, arranged geological expedition scouting for proper granite deposits. Unlike Cameron, Brenna never hesitated to assign less-than-competent artists to "fill the void" and make the schedule; he focused on the whole picture and did not seek perfection in detail. Private life and retirement

Little is known of Brenna's private life or even his personal appearance. The sole existing portrait of Brenna as a middle-aged man bears certain resemblance to images of Paul I, perhaps a deliberate flattery. Another idealistic image of Brenna was painted in the plafond of Saint Michael's Castle by a mediocre assistant who used the same model for cupids and statesmen. Brenna married Maria Trauenfeld, whose father was employed by Frederick Eugene, father of empress Maria.Exact date of the marriage is unknown; it probably took place soon after Brenna's arrival in Russia. They had a daughter, who was around sixteen in 1798, and whose later life remains unknown (her name did not appear on the immigration records when Brennas left). The Brennas maintained modest lifestyle in Pavlovsk and Gatchina until Brenna relocated to Saint Petersburg in 1796. In 1798 they moved to former Trauenfeld residence; Brenna purchased this building one month prior to Paul's murder. Brenna, as chief procurer of arts to Paul's court, amassed a remarkable collection of arts, including works by Michelangelo, Rembrandt and Titian. Brenna's unscrupulous handling of state treasury irreparably tarnished his reputation. Paul himself was aware of Brenna's misconduct and was credited with a pun, in French language: "Voila l'architecte qui vole" (voler can be interpreted as soar as well as steal).Vladimir Stasov accused Brenna of physically stealing art from the Hermitage collection. Brenna's last building in Saint Petersburg was a wooden theatre commissioned by Antonio Casassi in 1801; in 1832 Carlo Rossi replaced it with present-day Alexandrinsky Theatre building. Murder of Paul (March 11, 1801) and ascension of Alexander I of Russia spelled end of <mask>'s career; he was not even invited to decorate the funeral ceremonies. Alexander clearly preferred the art of Quarenghi and Andrey Voronikhin. The family council decided to leave Russia for Saxony; other Italians (Concensio Albani, Antonio Rusca, Giuseppe Sarti) followed, for different reasons. <mask>'s wife, father in law and some of his apprentices left in May 1802. <mask> stayed in Saint Petersburg to settle his finances.He sold his art treasures and in January 1802 tended his resignation to Maria Fyodorovna, the latter granted him annual pension of 3525 roubles (half of his salary). <mask> also applied to Alexander for a raise, and was harshly shown to the door; his pension, awarded on assumption that Brenna would stay in Russia and be available for professional consultancy, was reduced to 2,000 roubles. In August 1802 <mask> left Saint Petersburg for Dresden, accompanied by faithful Rossi. <mask> did no further work as a practical architect. Russian travelers who visited him after the end of Napoleonic Wars noted apparent mediocrity of his works of this period. Sculptor Samuil Galberg wrote, "Wicked old man! He is not aware how poor his paintings are".After Brenna's death in Dresden in 1820 his widow pleaded Russian foreign minister Karl Nesselrode for assistance, but Nesselrode reasoned that she retained at least some of Brenna's fortune made in Russia, and denied help. Critical assessment

Historians agree that <mask>'s talent was nowhere near that of his illustrious rivals (Bazhenov, Cameron, Quarenghi) or his trainee, Carlo Rossi. Degree of Brenna's talent or mediocrity was debated. Igor Grabar praised Brenna for an extreme degree of naturalism in his artwork and considered Brenna to be the watershed between naturalism of the 18th century and stylization of Empire style. Nikolay Lanceray, who wrote a biography of Brenna in 1935–1938, called Brenna "the last spark of 18th century art" and noted that his naturalism resurfaced in the middle of the 19th century, but the eclectic architects of this period failed in reproducing Brenna's wholesome realism; only Rossi managed to combine the virtues of Brenna and Quarenghi. Lanceray noted Brenna's weakness in floorplan designs, labeling them "helpless and primitive", and praised him for nearly perfect facades of Saint Michael's Castle. Dmitry Shvidkovsky elaborated on the "watershed" theory, linking Brenna's art to his Roman studies: "No partisan of strict Antiquity like Cameron, he was able to combine the solemn image of Imperial Rome with heightened pre-Romantic emotionalism.Time almost seems sublimated in his work in Russia because of the impact of an imperial patron who wanted a complete break with Catherinian tradition... Paul was the first emperor of the Romantic era, Brenna was the precursor of Romantic Neoclassicism." Brenna in fiction

<mask>, played by Alexander Grigoryants, appears in the 2003 Russian film Poor, Poor Pavel featuring Viktor Sukhorukov as Paul and late Oleg Yankovsky as Count Pahlen. The film is loosely based on a 1908 play Pavel I by Dmitry Merezhkovsky. In the film, <mask> is portrayed far younger than he actually was during Paul's reign, and bears no resemblance to the real Brenna's portrait. His calls for "more gold!" reflect real Brenna's generous use of gold paint, although the film omits the topic of Brenna's embezzlement. References and notes

Sources

  Note: the book was written in 1935–1938 and first printed in 2006.External links

Italian neoclassical architects
18th-century Italian architects
19th-century Italian architects
18th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
19th-century Italian painters
Italian neoclassical painters
Architects from Florence
Architects from Saint Petersburg
1747 births
1820 deaths
Fresco

masks: Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna Brenna


texts:
<mask> (8 December 1939 – 6 July 2020) was a British writer, restaurant critic, translator and filmmaker based in France. He was the author of several books about film and about food, including A Dictionary of the Cinema (1964), The French New Wave (1968) and Mourjou: The Life and Food of an Auvergne Village (1998), which recounted the culinary life of the remote French village in which he lived for more than four decades. Early life
<mask> was born on 8 December 1939 in Newbury, Berkshire, and grew up in London with his parents (Richard, an advertising copywriter, and Anne, née Scratchley, previously a ballet dancer) and sister Elizabeth. The seeds of <mask>'s love of France and film were sown early: his parents were keen Francophiles and his godmother a French film producer through whom he landed a role as an English schoolboy in Pierre Billon's feature film Au revoir M. Grock (1949). University years
<mask> was educated at University College School, Hampstead, and King's College, Cambridge, where alongside a degree in French and classics he pursued his involvement in cinema by contributing reviews to Granta (of which he was editor in 1961–62), Cambridge Opinion, and other publications. In 1963 he published a vitriolic pamphlet on contemporary British cinema, The Abortive Renaissance: Why Are Good British Films So Bad?. At Cambridge, too, he made the first of his three short firms, A Shilling Life (1962–63), a fascinating document on early 1960s student life, featuring a cameo by future filmmaker Stephen Frears.Life in France: filmmaking, writing, translating
<mask> moved to Paris in 1962, working as an English teacher and freelance translator. From the early 1970s to 2008, he worked for The Guardian Weekly, translating articles from Le Monde on a wide variety of subjects for a regular section in the paper. Throughout his life, he also translated several books on a range of topics, from film to food and psychoanalysis. His first French film was Edith Piaf (1968), a short documentary on the well-known French singer. This was followed by Au bout des fusils / At Gunpoint (1971), a semi-documentary exposé of scandalous hunting practices in the Sologne, a wooded area south of Orléans where he shared a house at the time. The film, part tribute to Jean Renoir's The Rules of the Game (1939) and its celebrated hunting scene, is notable for its cinematography by Polish director Walerian Borowczyk. As well as his film reviews and festival reports for a variety of British publications, including The Guardian, the 1960s also saw the publication of two important books: the pioneering A Dictionary of the Cinema (Tantivy Press, 1964) and the anthology The New Wave (Secker & Warburg, 1968), published in an expanded edition as The French New Wave: Critical Landmarks by the British Film Institute in 2009, becoming a standard book for students and fans of the New Wave.At the time of his death, <mask> was working with co-editor Ginette Vincendeau on a second, expanded edition of the book, to be published by Bloomsbury in 2021. Writing about food
In the 1970s <mask> turned his long-standing devotion to food and good eating to profitable use, making a name for himself as a restaurant and food critic for The Guardian, The Sunday Times and the International Herald Tribune. For the latter, he edited the International Herald Tribune Guide to Business Travel and Entertainment. He also contributed large chunks of text to the American Express Pocket Guide to Paris. In 1978, he settled in what had once been a hotel-cum-café-cum-grocery store in the small village of Mourjou in the Auvergne, where he lived for the rest of his life. From there he pursued a number of food writing projects, beginning with Cuisine Niçoise: Recipes from a Mediterranean Kitchen (1983), a translation of recipes put together by the notorious mayor of Nice, Jacques Médecin. In 1988, he published the prize-winning Classic Cheese Cookery and, in 1998, Mourjou, The Life and Food of an Auvergne Village, a book that reflects both the author's expertise and his love for his village and its region: as he researched the history of Auvergne food, he also picked up many of his recipes from neighbouring farmers, bakers and pork butchers.In recent years, <mask> wrote mainly for his culinary blog Chez Gram: his articles expertly exploring the meaning of the words used in French cooking. His writing was acknowledged in 2019 with a prize for his article on stockfish awarded by the state-funded tourist agency, Atout France. <mask> played a founding part in the establishment of Mourjou's chestnut museum, the Maison de la Châtaigne. Housed in what had been <mask>'s barn, the museum is dedicated to celebrating and reviving the culture of a local speciality, Mourjou being set in the hilly, chestnut-covered area of La Châtaigneraie (Cantal). A tribute to his active local involvement, <mask> officiated for many years as the first honorary Grand Maître de la Châtaigne. Books

As author or editor

 The French New Wave: Critical Landmarks, with Ginette Vincendeau, Palgrave, 2009 (originally published as The New Wave by Secker & Warburg in 1968). Mourjou: The Life and Food of an Auvergne Village, 1998, Viking, 230 pp.(French edition: Mourjou, traditions et recettes d'un village d’Auvergne, La Table Ronde, 2000). Classic Cheese Cookery, Penguin, 1988, 401 pp. – Winner of the 1988 André Simon Memorial Award. International Herald Tribune Guide to Business Travel and Entertainment: Europe, Thames & Hudson, 1983. A Dictionary of the Cinema, Tantivy Press, 1964, 160 pp. As translator

 The Battle of the Sexes in French Cinema: 1930–1956, Noël Burch and Geneviève Sellier, Duke University Press, 2014. A Good Man in Evil Times, José-Alain Fralon, Carroll & Graf, 2001.Freud's Self-Analysis, Didier Anzieu, The Hogarth Press, 1986. Cuisine Niçoise: Recipes from a Mediterranean Kitchen, Jacques Médecin, Penguin, 1983. The Art of the Maya, Henri Stierlin, Evergreen, 1981. The Lost World of the Impressionists, Alice Bellony-Rewald, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1976. The Cinema of Luis Buñuel, Freddy Buache, Tantivy Press, 1973. References

External links

 <mask>’s blog Chez Gram, about culinary and gastronomic terms
 La Maison de la Châtaigne (Chestnut museum) in Mourjou, France
 A Shilling life (1963), on the East Anglian Film Archive
 Au Bout des fusils (1971), on Youtube
 Confrèrie and Association du Pélou

1939 births
2020 deaths
British food writers

masks:
Peter John Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Graham
Peter Graham


texts:
<mask> (born June 30, 1969) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He currently serves as an assistant coach for the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL). During his playing career he played in the NHL with the St. Louis Blues, Montreal Canadiens, Philadelphia Flyers, San Jose Sharks, and Dallas Stars. Playing career
<mask> played for the Cégep de Saint-Laurent Patriotes in Montreal in 1987-1988, before joining the Pembroke Lumber Kings, junior A hockey team in the Central Canada Hockey League in 1988-1989. The following season he joined the University of Maine and played 4 years with the team, winning numerous awards and establishing himself as one of the best prospects in hockey. Most notably he was named an All-Star 3 years (1991, 1992, 1993) and was named NCAA Tournament Championship MVP when he captained Maine to a record of 42–1–2 and the 1993 National Championship. His three third-period goals lifted the Black Bears to a 5-4 comeback win over Lake Superior State in the title game.<mask> finished his career at Maine as the school's all-time leading scoring with 301 points on 103 goals and 198 assists. His number 19 was retired by Maine, one of three players who have that honour, the others being Hobey Baker Award winners Scott Pellerin (#8), and Paul Kariya (#9). Following college, <mask> was signed by the St. Louis Blues. For the 1993–94 season he skated in 67 contests and scored 20 points, both NHL career highs. Following the season the highly touted <mask> was traded to the Montreal Canadiens for Guy Carbonneau. For the 1994–95 season however things did not work out and after just 5 games <mask> was released by the Canadiens. Later in the year he was signed by the Philadelphia Flyers and skated in 8 regular season contests and 7 playoff contests with the Flyers.<mask> is credited with nicknaming the dominant line of John LeClair, Eric Lindros, and Mikael Renberg the "Legion of Doom". The 1995–96 season saw <mask> play only 5 games with the Flyers but he had a career year with the Flyers minor league affiliate Hershey Bears of the AHL. He scored 105 points in 78 games and was named to the AHL Second All-Star Team. It would be another 4 years before <mask> would return to the NHL. He played in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) in Germany for the 1996–97 season, followed by two full years with the Philadelphia Phantoms. For The 1999–2000 season <mask> played part of the year with the Phantoms and spent the majority of the year with the Manitoba Moose. In 2000, <mask> was signed by the San Jose Sharks.He played the majority of the 2000–01 season with the Kentucky Thoroughblades but also skated in 28 games with the Sharks. The following year he was signed by the Dallas Stars and played 9 games with the team over two years, spending most of his time with the Utah Grizzlies. <mask> then played one year in Russia and one year with the Missouri River Otters before retiring in 2005. Career statistics

Coaching career
<mask> was an assistant coach for Notre Dame for the 2005–06 season. In 2006, <mask> began a four-year stint as assistant coach at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. On April 12, 2010, he was named head coach of the United States Hockey League (USHL) expansion franchise Dubuque Fighting Saints. In the team's first year, <mask> guided the Fighting Saints to a 37–14–9 record and the 2010–11 USHL championship with a three games to one victory over the Green Bay Gamblers.He went on to win the Clark Cup again during the 2012–13 season. In 2013, <mask> was signed by University of Denver as head coach of their Pioneers men's ice hockey team and led them to a berth in the NCAA Tournament. He led the Pioneers to the 2016 Frozen Four. In 2017, his fourth year as the head coach of the Pioneers, he led them to the National Championship game after establishing them as the first-seeded team in the country for the majority of the season. In 2016–17 season he was named the Spencer Penrose national coach of the year. On May 4, 2018, <mask> was named as the head coach of the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League (NHL). He led the Stars to their first playoff appearance in three years.On December 10, 2019, the Stars fired <mask> for "unprofessional conduct inconsistent with the core values and beliefs of the Dallas Stars and the National Hockey League." At a press conference, general manager <mask> said the situation had come to light the previous weekend, and involved "a material act of unprofessionalism" egregious enough to demand <mask>'s immediate firing. He did not offer specifics "out of respect for everyone involved," only saying that it did not involve abuse of players or criminal conduct. Rick Bowness, who joined the team a month after <mask>'s hiring in May 2018, was named interim coach, while Derek Laxdal (who was the head coach of the Texas Stars at the time) would be promoted to the assistant coaching position that was vacated by Bowness. According to Sportsnet's Elliotte Friedman, <mask> was fired for "a personal behaviour issue," and the Stars were not divulging details to protect the privacy of both the whistleblower and <mask>'s family. <mask> told WFAA in Dallas that "there will be a time" when he speaks about the circumstances that led to his firing. On January 3, 2020, <mask> announced that he had checked himself into rehab to deal with alcohol abuse.He said that the Stars had made "an appropriate call" in firing him, and that his ouster made him realize he was living a "damaging lifestyle." On January 7, the Fort Worth Star-Telegram reported that <mask> was fired in part due to concerns about his drinking. Nill had reportedly confronted <mask> on numerous occasions about drinking in public. The Stars had been aware of <mask>'s history with alcohol; he had been arrested for DUI in 2008 during his time at RPI. On September 16, 2020, the St. Louis Blues announced they had signed <mask> to a two-year contract serving as assistant coach to Craig Berube. Head coaching record

NHL

NCAA

USHL

Awards and honours

1996: AHL Second All-Star Team

References

External links

1969 births
Canadian ice hockey centres
Dallas Stars coaches
Dallas Stars players
Denver Pioneers men's ice hockey coaches
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Kentucky Thoroughblades players
Living people
Maine Black Bears men's ice hockey players
Manitoba Moose (IHL) players
Montreal Canadiens players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish ice hockey coaches
Peoria Rivermen (IHL) players
Philadelphia Flyers players
Philadelphia Phantoms players
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Salavat Yulaev Ufa players
San Jose Sharks players
Sportspeople from Montreal
St. Louis Blues players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Canadian ice hockey coaches
NCAA men's ice hockey national champions
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans

masks:
James Peter Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Jim Nill
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery
Montgomery


texts:
Berenice of Cilicia, also known as Julia Berenice and sometimes spelled Bernice (, Bereníkē; 28 – after 81), was a Jewish client queen of the Roman Empire during the second half of the 1st century. Berenice was a member of the Herodian Dynasty that ruled the Roman province of Judaea between 39 BCE and 92 CE. She was the daughter of King <mask> I and  Cypros and a sister of King <mask> II. What little is known about her life and background comes mostly from the early historian Flavius Josephus, who detailed a history of the Jewish people and wrote an account of the Jewish Rebellion of 67. Suetonius, Tacitus, Dio Cassius, Aurelius Victor and Juvenal, also tell about her. She is also mentioned in the Acts of the Apostles (25:13, 23; 26:30). However, it is for her tumultuous love life that she is primarily known from the Renaissance.Her reputation was based on the bias of the Romans to the Eastern princesses, like Cleopatra or later Zenobia. After a number of failed marriages throughout the 40s, she spent much of the remainder of her life at the court of her brother <mask> <mask> II, amidst rumors the two were carrying on an incestuous relationship. During the First Jewish-Roman War, she began a love affair with the future emperor Titus Flavius Vespasianus. However, her unpopularity among the Romans compelled Titus to dismiss her on his accession as emperor in 79. When he died two years later, she disappeared from the historical record. Early life
Berenice was born in 28 to Herod Agrippa and Cypros, as granddaughter to Aristobulus IV and great-granddaughter to <mask> the Great. Her elder brother was Agrippa II (b.27), and her younger sisters were Mariamne (b. 34) and Drusilla (b. 38). According to Josephus, there was also a younger brother called Drusus, who died before his teens. Her family constituted part of what is known as the Herodian Dynasty, who ruled the Judaea Province between 39 BCE and 92 CE. Josephus records three short-lived marriages in Berenice's life, the first which took place sometime between 41 and 43, to Marcus Julius Alexander, brother of Tiberius Julius Alexander and son of Alexander the Alabarch of Alexandria. On his early death in 44, she was married to her father's brother, <mask> of Chalcis, with whom she had two sons, Berenicianus and Hyrcanus.After her husband died in 48, she lived with her brother <mask> for several years and then married Polemon II of Pontus, king of Cilicia, whom she subsequently deserted. According to Josephus, Berenice requested this marriage to dispel rumors that she and her brother were carrying on an incestuous relationship, with Polemon being persuaded to this union mostly on account of her wealth. However the marriage did not last and she soon returned to the court of her brother. Josephus was not the only ancient writer to suggest incestuous relations between Berenice and Agrippa. Juvenal, in his sixth satire, outright claims that they were lovers. Whether this was based on truth remains unknown. Berenice indeed spent much of her life at the court of Agrippa, and by all accounts shared almost equal power.Popular rumors may also have been fueled by the fact that <mask> himself never married. Like her brother, Berenice was a client ruler of the parts of the Roman Empire that lie in the present-day Israel. The Acts of the Apostles records that during this time, Paul the Apostle appeared before their court at Caesarea. Jewish-Roman wars

First Jewish–Roman War

In 64 emperor Nero appointed Gessius Florus as procurator of the Judaea Province. During his administration, the Jews were systematically discriminated against in favour of the Greek population of the region. Tensions quickly rose to civil unrest when Florus plundered the treasury of the Temple of Jerusalem under the guise of imperial taxes. Following riots, the instigators were arrested and crucified by the Romans.Appalled at the treatment of her countrymen, Berenice travelled to Jerusalem in 66 to personally petition Florus to spare the Jews. Not only did he refuse to comply with her requests, Berenice herself was nearly killed during skirmishes in the city. Likewise a plea for assistance to the legate of Syria, Cestius Gallus, met with no response. To prevent Jewish violence from further escalating, <mask> assembled the populace and delivered a tearful speech to the crowd in the company of his sister, but the Jews alienated their sympathies when the insurgents burned down their palaces. They fled the city to Galilee where they later gave themselves up to the Romans. Meanwhile, Cestius Gallus moved into the region with the Twelfth legion, but was unable to restore order and suffered defeat at the battle of Beth-Horon, forcing the Romans to retreat from Jerusalem. Emperor Nero then appointed Vespasian to put down the rebellion; he landed in Judaea with Fifth and Tenth legions in 67.He was later joined at Ptolemais by his son Titus, who brought with him the Fifteenth legion. With a strength of 60,000 professional soldiers, the Romans quickly swept across Galilee and by 69 marched on Jerusalem. Affair with Titus

It was during this time that Berenice met and fell in love with Titus, who was eleven years her junior. The Herodians sided with the Flavians during the conflict, and later in 69, the Year of the Four Emperors—when the Roman Empire saw the quick succession of the emperors Galba, Otho and Vitellius—Berenice reportedly used all her wealth and influence to support Vespasian on his campaign to become emperor. When Vespasian was declared emperor on 21 December 69, Titus was left in Judaea to finish putting down the rebellion. The war ended in 70 with the destruction of the Second Temple and the sack of Jerusalem, with approximately 1 million dead, and 97,000 taken captive by the Romans. Triumphant, Titus returned to Rome to assist his father in the government, while Berenice stayed behind in Judaea.It took four years until they reunited, when she and Agrippa came to Rome in 75. The reasons for this long absence are unclear, but have been linked to possible opposition to her presence by Gaius Licinius Mucianus, a political ally of emperor Vespasian who died sometime between 72 and 78. Agrippa was given the rank of praetor, while Berenice resumed her relationship with Titus, living with him at the palace and reportedly acting in every respect as his wife. The ancient historian Cassius Dio writes that Berenice was at the height of her power during this time, and if it can be any indication as to how influential she was, Quintilian records an anecdote in his Institutio Oratoria where, to his astonishment, he found himself pleading a case on Berenice's behalf where she herself presided as the judge. The Roman populace however perceived the Eastern Queen as an intrusive outsider, and when the pair was publicly denounced by Cynics in the theatre, Titus caved to the pressure and sent her away. Upon the accession of Titus as emperor in 79, she returned to Rome, but was quickly dismissed amidst a number of popular measures of Titus to restore his reputation with the populace. It is possible that he intended to send for her at a more convenient time.However, after reigning barely two years as emperor, he suddenly died on 13 September 81. It is not known what happened to Berenice after her final dismissal from Rome. Her brother Agrippa died around 92, and with him the Herodian Dynasty came to an end. In modern history, her aspirations as a potential empress of Rome have led to her being described as a 'miniature Cleopatra'. Berenice in the arts
From the 17th century to contemporary times, there has been a long tradition of works of art (novels, dramas, operas, etc.) devoted to or featuring Berenice and especially her affair with the Roman Emperor Titus. The list includes:

 Lettres de Bérénice à Titus (1642), a French novel by Madeleine de Scudéry
 Bérénice (1648–50), a French novel by Jean Regnauld de Segrais
 Tite (1660), a French drama by Jean Magnon
 Il Tito (1666), an Italian opera by Antonio Cesti (mus.)and Nicola Beregani (libr.) Bérénice (1670), a French drama by Jean Racine
 Tite et Bérénice (1670), a French drama by Pierre Corneille
 Titus and Berenice (1676), an English drama by Thomas Otway
 Tito e Berenice (1714), an Italian opera by Antonio Caldara (mus.) and Carlo Sigismondo Capace (libr.) Berenice (1725), an Italian opera by Giuseppe Maria Orlandini (mus.) and Benedetto Pasqualigo (libr.). Also set to music by Niccolò Vito Piccinni (1766)
  La clemenza di Tito (1734), an Italian opera by librettist Pietro Metastasio, set to music by over 40 composers, including
 Antonio Caldara (1734)
 Johann Adolph Hasse (1735)
 Giuseppe Arena (1738)
 Francesco Corradini (1747)
 Christoph Willibald Gluck (1752)
 Andrea Adolfati (1753)
 Niccolò Jommelli (1753)
 Ignaz Holzbauer (1757)
 Vincenzo Legrezio Ciampi (1757)
 Gioacchino Cocchi (1760)
 Marcello Bernardini (1768)
 Andrea Bernasconi (1768)
 Pasquale Anfossi (1769)
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (La clemenza di Tito, 1791)
 Tito e Berenice (1776), an Italian opera by Raimondo Mei (mus.) and Carlo Giuseppe Lanfranchi-Rossi (libr.)Tito e Berenice (1782), a ballet by Paolino Franchi (chor.) Tito; o, La partenza di Berenice (1790), a ballet by Domenico Maria Gaspero Angiolini (mus. and chor.) Tito e Berenice (1793), an Italian opera by Sebastiano Nasolini (mus.) and Giuseppe Maria Foppa (libr.) Tito che abbandona Berenice (1828), a painting by Giuseppe Bezzuoli
 Titus et Bérénice (1860), a French opera by Leon-Gustave-Cyprien Gastinel (mus.) and Édouard Fournier (libr.)Daniel Deronda (1876), George Eliot's final novel, in which a set of drawings of Berenice's story is an important symbolic element
 Berenice (1890), a German novel by Heinrich Vollrat Schumacher
 Cross Triumphant, The (1898), a historical fiction novel by Florence Morse Kingsley
 Bérénice (1909), a French opera by Alberic Magnard (mus. and libr.)

masks:
Herod Arippa
Herod Arippa
Herod
Agrippa
Herod
Herod
Agrippa
Agrippa
Agrippa


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<mask> (born March 27, 1970) is a Canadian American musician and multi-instrumentalist. In his career, he has worked with Slash, Myles Kennedy, Theory of a Deadman, Alice Cooper, Vince Neil, Union, Gene Simmons, The Guess Who, Brad Whitford from Aerosmith, Derek St. Holmes, Ronnie Montrose, Indigenous, Lamya, Streetheart, Harlequin, and Econoline Crush. Biography

Early life

<mask> is a native of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada where he grew up with his parents Mervyn and <mask> and a sister, Brenda, who is also a professional musician. He attended and graduated from John Taylor Collegiate in 1988. His parents continue to take a keen interest in his career, with his mother Audrey cited as saying "we get to look at his tour schedule and follow him across the world". After leaving Winnipeg in the mid 1990s, he lived for some time in Los Angeles, California and currently resides in Las Vegas, Nevada, as does his sister. Fitz started piano lessons at the age of five and drums at the age of ten, playing percussion in his middle school and high school jazz and concert band music programs.He received piano and theory training through The Royal Conservatory of Music in Toronto, Ontario and graduated in 1994. In 1985, <mask> answered an ad for a teaching job at a local drum shop in Winnipeg, and despite being only 15 at the time, was hired based on his excelled musical ability and people skills. Move to LA
Fitz got his professional start at age 15, playing in various Winnipeg clubs and outlying areas in a cover band named New Alliance. After graduating high school, he formed the band Seventh Heaven with two local musicians and two Los Angeles natives that had recently relocated to Winnipeg. After several years of touring, <mask> formed another band with Seventh Heaven's guitarist, which evolved into Shake Naked. Of this period, his father related that 'we used to go to every gig he played in Winnipeg bars, ladies of the night would pass us, going through to go to the bathroom". Schedules with Seventh Heaven and Shake Naked were much more extensive and involved touring most of Canada.In 1993, <mask> joined Kenny Shields from the band Streetheart and toured across Canada for the next three years. In 1996, while attending the NAMM music trade show in Anaheim, California, connections to the city of Los Angeles within the band Seventh Heaven, allowed <mask> to have the opportunity to seek work in that market as a performer and session player. Working with previous Shake Naked vocalist Lenita Erickson later proved fruitful as Erickson's friend Bruce Kulick of Kiss fame invited <mask> to join him in a recording effort after first hearing him play piano, and later seeing him play drums at The Roxy in Hollywood, with former Duran Duran singer, Lamya . That band would become known as Union and would also include John Corabi on vocals (formerly of The Scream and Mötley Crüe), James Hunting of David Lee Roth on bass, with Kulick on guitar. This four-piece released their self-titled debut in 1998. A live record titled "Live In The Galaxy" was released in 1999, and the band recorded a second album titled "The Blue Room" that was released in February, 2000. Vince Neil
In September 2000, <mask> briefly joined the Bulletboys on tour in support of their Best Of collection, and recorded several new songs at Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles with famed Led Zeppelin producer, Andy Johns.Soon after, he also toured and recorded with Gilby Clarke, and recorded drum tracks for the Slimmer Twins album Lack Of Luxury, featuring Kix guitarist Ronnie Younkins. In early 2001, <mask> received an invitation to tour with Vince Neil who re-released his two solo-records that summer. Performing on several international tours, and recorded the album "Live At The Whisky" in 2002. In the same year he joined Neil for the Rock Never Stops Tour from may through to July, followed by a support slot for Poison in 2003. He continued to feature with Neil on tour, although the imminent Mötley Crüe reunion at the end of 2004 put the band on hiatus. Alice Cooper
In the first half of 2005 <mask> joined the Canadian band Theory of a Deadman as the band embarked on tour to support the album "Gasoline". The band had fired their original drummer Tim Hart, while Robin Diaz played the parts on the album.According to guitarist David Brenner, <mask> is 'a music theory nut' who also contributed backing vocals and piano. He was 'able to come in and play these other guys' parts and really make them his own'. Fitz appeared in four music videos with the band, and made several TV appearances including The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. In July 2006, while still touring with Theory of a Deadman, <mask> temporarily left the band to tour with Alice Cooper, filling in on drums for Eric Singer while Singer was touring with Kiss. Later that year, Fitz toured the US with Mato Nanji as Indigenous in support of the album Chasing the Sun. He also took part in the sessions for the Harlequin album Waking the Jester released in 2007. In 2007, Fitz recorded with the recently reformed Canadian rock act Econoline Crush on the album Ignite.He subsequently became a permanent member of the band, while still remaining as regular back-up drummer with Alice Cooper. <mask> appeared in the video for the Econoline Crush hit song "Dirty". Bruce Kulick
In 2009, <mask> joined the Las Vegas-based production of 'Monster Circus' as keyboardist/guitarist/vocalist. Monster Circus performed at The Hilton Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. The band featured Dee Snider of Twisted Sister, bassist Rudy Sarzo, guitarist Tony Montana of Great White, guitarist Dave Kushner from Velvet Revolver, and John Corabi and Bruce Kulick (from Fitz's former band Union). In June 2009, <mask> appeared on the television show Gene Simmons Family Jewels (season 4, episode 2: Memphis Blues); he and Bruce Kulick helped with some recording studio work Gene Simmons arranged for his son Nick's musical aspirations. Fitz also recorded drums for most of the tracks on Kulick's 2010 album release BK3, including tracks featuring guest artists Gene Simmons, Nick Simmons, John Corabi, and Doug Fieger of The Knack.<mask> appeared on a second episode in June 2010, this time performing live with Bruce Kulick and Nick Simmons at The Cat Club in Hollywood, California. Slash
In March 2010, <mask> became drummer for then-former Guns N' Roses/Velvet Revolver guitarist Slash. The band which also features Alter Bridge singer Myles Kennedy, eventually became known as Slash Featuring Myles Kennedy and The Conspirators, and released three albums: 'Apocalyptic Love' in 2012, 'World on Fire' in 2014 and 'Living The Dream' in 2018. Two live albums have been recorded also, 'Made in Stoke' 2011, and 'Live at The Roxy' in 2015. With the band, <mask> has performed on several US talk shows in including: The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Jimmy Fallon, Jimmy Kimmel, Ellen, Conan (twice), Lopez Tonight (twice) and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson, as well as performed live on Howard Stern. <mask> also appeared in several music videos including 'By The Sword', 'Back From Cali', 'Beautiful Dangerous' featuring Fergie, 'You're A Lie', 'Bad Rain' and 'Anastasia'. The band has two #1 singles on the US Active Rock charts: 'You're A Lie', and 'World on Fire', as well as two top 5 songs: 'Standing In The Sun' and 'Bent to Fly' (which spent over 27 weeks on the chart).The band headlined the 2014 MTV Euro Awards in Glasgow, Scotland, playing 'Crazy Train', with a tribute to Ozzy Osbourne, who received the lifetime achievement award from MTV. YouTube TV interview on The Rush in Vancouver, BC. 1970 births
Alternative rock drummers
Canadian alternative rock musicians
Canadian rock drummers
Canadian male drummers
Living people
Musicians from Winnipeg
Musicians from Las Vegas
The Royal Conservatory of Music alumni
Vince Neil Band members
BulletBoys members
21st-century Canadian drummers
21st-century American male musicians

masks:
Brent Fitz
Brent
Audrey Fitz
Brent
Brent
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz
Fitz


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<mask>, 2nd Viscount <mask>  (14 March 1771 – 10 June 1851) was a British statesman, the son of Henry Dundas, the 1st Viscount. Dundas was the Member of Parliament for Hastings in 1794, Rye in 1796 and Midlothian in 1801. He was also Keeper of the Signet for Scotland from 1800. He was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1807, a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1817, a Knight of the Thistle in 1821, and was Chancellor of the University of St Andrews from 1814. <mask> filled various political offices and was First Lord of the Admiralty from 1812 to 1827, and from 1828 to 1830; his eldest son inherited his title. Early life and family
He was born in Edinburgh on 14 March 1771, the only son of Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount <mask>, and his first wife, the former Elizabeth Rannie (1751–1843). Educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh, he went in 1786 with his tutor John Bruce on a continental tour and enrolled at Göttingen University.He studied afterwards at the University of Edinburgh and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and was admitted at Lincoln's Inn in 1788. After a successful attempt at law he became his father's private secretary from 1794, though he was brought in as MP for Hastings in 1794, and then Rye in 1796. The same year, on 29 August, he married an heiress, Anne Saunders (died 10 Sept 1841), and took her name beside his own. They had four sons and two daughters; their eldest son, Henry Dundas, later third Viscount <mask>, became an army officer while their second son, Richard Saunders Dundas, became First Naval Lord. President of the Board of Control
Dundas was appointed Keeper of the Signet for Scotland and elected MP for Midlothian (Edinburghshire) in 1801. He remained silent in parliament until his speeches of 1805 and 1806 in defence of his father, who was then being impeached. His first real test came in negotiating to be left in charge of Scotland by a hostile 'ministry of all the talents'.He got nowhere, but won the respect of his own side, and the problem vanished with the ministry's collapse. He was rewarded with the presidency of the Board of Control for India by the Duke of Portland in 1807. Dundas's main task was to frustrate any possibility that Napoleon might exploit his alliance with Russia to make some attempt on British India. He sent a mission to the shah of Persia, at whose court French agents were present. He formed alliances with the princes of Lahore and Kabul. He ordered occupation of the Portuguese factories in India and China, of the Dutch colony of Java, and of the French stations on Mauritius and Réunion. He had also to deal with a sharp deterioration, through loss of trade during the war, in the finances of the East India Company.A series of reports on its development since the India Act of 1784, written by a select committee which he chaired, concluded that it should give up its inefficient trading privileges, at least in the subcontinent. Dundas drafted the legislation which ended them at the renewal of the company's charter in 1813. Dundas's Indian administration was interrupted for six months in 1809 when he served as Chief Secretary for Ireland. Spencer Perceval, succeeding Portland, then wanted to promote him to the cabinet as secretary for war, but this did not happen due to the wishes of his father. Dundas returned to the Board of Control, still without a place in cabinet. He succeeded as Viscount <mask> on 27 May 1811. The next year, under Prime Minister Lord Liverpool, he was promoted First Lord of the Admiralty.Admiralty
While the Napoleonic wars went on, his job was to maintain the British maritime supremacy established at the battle of Trafalgar. In a state paper of February 1813 he pointed out that France, with the shipbuilding resources of the Netherlands and Italy at her disposal, would be able to construct a fleet to match Britain's if the struggle continued much longer. The point was underlined by complaints from the Duke of Wellington in Spain of inadequate protection for the convoys supplying him, especially after the outbreak of hostilities with the United States in 1812 unleashed hordes of American privateers on the Atlantic. Drastic cuts followed the eventual peace, but Britain, now the only colonial power of any importance, found her maritime commitments increased. <mask> did not think the fleet could be reduced much below 100 ships of the line. The cabinet set a limit of forty-four. The following years saw a constant struggle by <mask> to find every possible economy while he avoided meeting a target he regarded as unreal.He quietly got his way, not least by improving the design and durability of ships, research on which benefited from his close personal interest. Yet he resisted the introduction of steamers, since an infant technology seemed bound to prove expensive and unreliable; moreover, if navies were to be rebuilt all round as steam driven, Britain would place herself on the same level as her rivals. By the late 1820s he was able to authorise the construction of new and larger classes of ship, matching those in France and the United States. Even out of tight budgets he never failed to squeeze something for another scientific interest, in exploration (where places are named after him, see below). Scotland
Appointed a governor of the Bank of Scotland, he was elected chancellor of the University of St Andrews in 1814, and made a Knight of the Thistle in 1821. The crisis of the system came in 1827 on the resignation of Liverpool and the succession of George Canning, who was set on Catholic emancipation. <mask> said that, while he personally supported it, he could not approve of a policy which would split the outgoing cabinet.The Whigs in Canning's coalition now persuaded him that a Scottish manager was unnecessary; the home secretary could do all the work with a native adviser or two. First Lord of the Admiralty
The old governing interest in Scotland began to break up, a process which did not halt when <mask> returned under Wellington and Sir <mask> as President of the Board of Control in 1828, then again at the Admiralty as First Lord of the Admiralty. The Reform Act would anyway end the arrangements under which the Dundases had ruled Scotland. <mask> resigned in 1830, never to hold office again. But he made himself useful in good works, notably chairmanship of the royal commission which in 1845 proposed reform of the Scots poor law. He died on 10 June 1851 at Melville Castle, and was buried in the family vault built for his father, in the Old Kirk, Lasswade, Edinburghshire, on 17 June. His title passed to his eldest son Henry Dundas.Arms

Place names
His name is perpetuated by that of Melville Sound and Melville Island, Canada because of his interest in Arctic exploration. Melville Island in the Northern Territory of Australia was also named for him, by explorer Phillip Parker King. Melville Bay in Greenland was named in his honour as well. He also gives his name to Melville Street in the New Town area of Edinburgh, Scotland, and a large statue of him by Sir John Steell stands in the central square of this street. The locality of Melville in Perth, Western Australia is also named after him. References

External links

1771 births
1851 deaths
Politicians from Edinburgh
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
University of Göttingen alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
First Lords of the Admiralty
Chancellors of the University of St Andrews
Fellows of the Royal Society
Knights of the Thistle
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Dundas, <mask>
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Dundas, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask> MPs who inherited peerages
Governors of the Bank of Scotland
People associated with Midlothian
Chief Secretaries for Ireland
Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)

masks:
Robert Dundas
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Robert Peel
Melville
Robert
Robert Dundas
Robert Dundas
Robert Dundas
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Robert UK


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Lt.-Col. <mask> (27 March 1795 – 8 September 1875) was MP for Great Marlow from 1820 to 1868. He was Father of the House of Commons from December 1867 to 1868. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask> (1764–1832), MP for Great Marlow, and the former Margaret Hughes (d. 1821), a member of the Hughes family which owned a large interest in the Parys Mountain copper mine. Three of his sister were married to members of the House of Lords, two others to sons of lords. His grandfather <mask> was a prominent attorney and active in the copper industry. His great-grandfather was  <mask> of Cefn Coch, Llansadwrn, who owned also Tregarnedd and Treffos. <mask>' grandfather was retained by the Hughes and Lewis families to act for their in very acrimonious litigation with Sir Nicholas Bayly (father of the earl of Uxbridge) in relation to the Parys Mountain copper mine.When the litigation ended in 1778, <mask>' grandfather became an active partner in the mine. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford. Career
In 1820, he became an MP for the constituency of Great Marlow (usually known as Marlow). The seat had been held by his grandfather from 1790 until his death in 1802 when his own father took up the seat, serving until his death in 1832. <mask> retired in 1868 after serving 48 years. In the last year, he was Father of the House of Commons from December 1867, succeeding Henry Cecil Lowther who had entered the House in 1812 and retired as MP in 1867. His eldest son, Owen Lewis <mask>, also served as MP for Great Marlow 1880 from 1885, the fourth generation of his family to hold the Great Marlow seat with intervals, from 1790 until 1885, nearly a hundred years.<mask>' family gradually released their hold on the copper industry and, today, are chiefly remembered as owners of the Craig-y-don estate, Members of Parliament, and the founders of banks. Estates
<mask> was a considerable landowner in Wales, as recorded with  in 1873. He owned estates in Anglesey and Berkshire, and elsewhere. He owned a house and estate called Craig-y-Don, near Beaumaris on Anglesey. He also had a residence at Temple House, Bisham, Berkshire, near Marlow. He was active in the Anglesey Hunt. Personal life

On 27 August 1835 <mask> married Emily Bacon (d. 1876), daughter of Anthony Bushby Bacon of Benham Park and later of Elcot Park, both in Berkshire.Their children included:

 Lt.-Gen. Owen Lewis <mask> (1836–1904), who married Fanny Florence Caulfeild, younger daughter of St. George Francis Caulfeild and younger sister of Emily, Countess of Lonsdale, in 1862. After her death in 1876, he married Nina Mary Adelaide Sinclair, daughter of Sir John Sinclair, 3rd Baronet, in 1882. Margaret Elizabeth <mask> (1838–1909), who married, as his second wife, Sir Richard <mask>, 11th Baronet of Baron Hill, Anglesey in 1866; Sir Richard was a son of Sir <mask>-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet. Emily Gwendoline <mask>  (1839–1932), who married 2nd Earl Cowley, eldest son of the Henry Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, in 1863. Blanche Mary <mask> (1844–1914), who married Lt.-Col. Lord Charles John Innes-Ker (1842–1919), second son of the James Innes-Ker, 6th Duke of Roxburghe, in 1866. Nina Janet Bronwen <mask> (–1939), who married Hon. Seton Montolieu Montgomerie, a younger son of the Archibald Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton, in 1870.<mask> Hwfa <mask> (–1926), who married Florence Farquharson, daughter of Henry Farquharson, in 1881; he was manager of Sandown Park racecourse and they lived at Ovington Square and were prominent in the court of Edward VII. <mask>-William (–1897), who married Heneage Finch, 7th Earl of Aylesford (1849–1885), in 1871; they separated in 1877, when she became involved with the married Marquess of Blandford (later the 8th Duke of Marlborough). The Earl of Aylesford attempted to divorce his wife, but was himself found guilty of adultery, and thus the decree nisi was cancelled. Evelyn Katrine Gwenfra <mask> (1855–1939), who married Henry Wellesley, 3rd Duke of Wellington in 1882. After his death in 1900, she married, in 1904, as his third wife, Col. Hon. Frederick Arthur Wellesley (1844–1931), a son of the 1st Earl Cowley and younger brother of the 2nd Earl Cowley, the husband of her elder sister, Emily. <mask> died on 8 September 1875.His wife died on 24 November 1876. Descendants
Through his eldest son Owen, he was a grandfather of Owen Gwynedd St George <mask> (1865–1893), who was killed in the Matabele War. Through his son Hwfa, he was a grandfather of Gwenfra <mask>, whos daughter Julie became Princess Korybut-Woroniecki by her marriage to Prince Krzysztof Korybut-Woroniecki. They had two children: Jan Korybut-Woroniecki, a London restaurateur, and Marysia Korybut-Woroniecka, a fashion business executive based in New York. Through his daughter Gwendoline ("Gwen"), who lived at Bodwen on the Isle of Wight overlooking Wootton Creek, he was a grandfather of Lady Eva Wellesley (who married, as his second wife, Randolph Wemyss, Laird of Wemyss Castle and Chief of Clan Wemyss) and Henry Wellesley, 3rd Earl Cowley. Through his daughter Margaret ("Madge"), he was a grandfather of Bridget Henrietta Frances (née <mask>), who married Benjamin Seymour Guinness (parents <mask> Guinness, MP for Bath, Meraud Guinness, and Tanis Eva Bulkeley Guinness). Through his daughter Edith, Countess of Aylesford, he was the grandfather of Lady Hilda Joanna Gwendoline Finch (1872–1931), Lady Alexandra Louise Minna Finch (1875–1959), and Guy Bertrand (b.1881) who was baptized in June 1883 at St Mary le Strand as a son of the 7th Earl. His claims to the peerage (made by his mother Edith) were denied by the House of Lords in July 1885. Through his daughter Bronwen, he was the grandfather of three: Alswen, Viva and May Montgomerie. Notes

References

 Biography of <mask>, the grandfather, from the National Library of Wales. Retrieved 24 February 2008. Viva Seton Montgomerie (1954). My Scrapbook of Memories.Original draft. Eglinton Archive. Leigh Rayment. Fathers of the House of Commons. Last updated 6 December 2006, and Retrieved 24 February 2008. Leigh Rayment. Members of Parliament for Great Marlow.Last updated 6 April 2007, and Retrieved 24 February 2008. External links

Ancestry and descendants of <mask> <mask>. Retrieved 27 November 2012. 1795 births
1875 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
British Militia officers
People from Anglesey
People from Bisham
British Army officers

masks:
Thomas Peers Williams
Williams
Owen Williams
Thomas Williams
Owen Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Cope Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Cope Williams
Williams
Williams Bulkeley
Richard Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Thomas Anthony
Williams
Edith Peers
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williamsulkeley
Thomas Loel
Thomas Williams
Thomas Peers
Williams


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<mask> (May 9, 1844 – June 11, 1900), best known as <mask> (and dubbed the Cleopatra of the Secession or Siren of the Shenandoah, and later the Confederate Mata Hari) was a Confederate spy in the American Civil War. She operated from her father's hotel in Front Royal, Virginia, and provided valuable information to Confederate General Stonewall Jackson in 1862. Early life
<mask> was born on May 9, 1844 in Martinsburg, Virginia (now part of West Virginia). She was the eldest child of Benjamin Reed and Mary Rebecca (Glenn) <mask>. She described her childhood as idyllic. After some preliminary schooling in Martinsburg, she attended finishing school at the Mount Washington Female College in Baltimore, Maryland in 1856 at age 12. Southern spy
<mask>'s espionage career began by chance.According to her highly fictionalized 1866 account, a band of Union army soldiers heard that she had Confederate flags in her room on July 4, 1861, and they came to investigate. They hung a Union flag outside her home. Then one of the men cursed at her mother, which enraged <mask>. She pulled out a pistol and shot the man, who died some hours later. A board of inquiry exonerated her of murder, but sentries were posted around the house and officers kept close track of her activities. She profited from this enforced familiarity, charming at least one of the officers whom she named in her memoir as Captain Daniel Keily, She wrote in her memoir that she was indebted to Keily "for some very remarkable effusions, some withered flowers, and a great deal of important information." She conveyed those secrets to Confederate officers via her slave Eliza Hopewell, who carried them in a hollowed-out watch case.<mask> was caught on her first attempt at spying and told that she could be sentenced to death, and she realized that she needed to find a better way to communicate. General James Shields and his staff gathered in the parlor of the local hotel in mid-May 1862. <mask> hid in the closet in the room, eavesdropping through a knothole that she enlarged in the door. She learned that Shields had been ordered east from Front Royal, Virginia. That night, she rode through Union lines, using false papers to bluff her way past the sentries, and reported the news to Colonel Turner Ashby, who was scouting for the Confederates. She then returned to town. When the Confederates advanced on Front Royal on May 23, <mask> ran to greet Stonewall Jackson's men, avoiding enemy fire that put bullet holes in her skirt, as according to her memoir.She urged an officer to inform Jackson that "the Yankee force is very small [...] Tell him to charge right down and he will catch them all." Jackson did and wrote a note of gratitude to her: "I thank you, for myself and for the army, for the immense service that you have rendered your country today." For her contributions, she was awarded the Southern Cross of Honor. Jackson also gave her captain and honorary aide-de-camp positions. <mask> was arrested at least six times but somehow evaded incarceration. By late July 1862, detective Allan Pinkerton had assigned three men to work on her case. She was finally captured by Union officials on July 29, 1862, after her lover gave her up, and they brought her to the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, D.C. the next day.An inquiry was held on August 7, 1862 concerning violations of orders that <mask> be kept in close custody. She was held for a month before being released on August 29, 1862, when she was exchanged at Fort Monroe. She was arrested again in June 1863, but was released after contracting typhoid fever. In March 1864, <mask> attempted to travel to England, but she was intercepted by a Union blockade and sent to Canada where she met Union naval officer Samuel Wylde Hardinge. The two later married in England. and had a daughter named Grace. <mask> became an actress in England after her husband's death to support her daughter.Following the death of her husband in 1866, she and her daughter returned to the United States. <mask> assumed the stage name Nina Benjamin to perform in several cities, eventually ending up in New Orleans where she married John Swainston Hammond in March 1869, a former British Army officer who fought for the Union Army during the Civil War. They had two sons and two daughters; their first son died as an infant. <mask> divorced Hammond in 1884 and married Nathaniel Rue High in 1885. She subsequently began touring the country giving dramatic lectures of her life as a Civil War spy. Postwar years and death

<mask> published a highly fictionalized narrative of her war experiences in the two-volume <mask> in Camp and Prison. She died of a heart attack in Kilbourn City, Wisconsin (Wisconsin Dells) on June 11, 1900 at age 56.She was buried in the Spring Grove Cemetery in Wisconsin Dells, with members of the Grand Army of the Republic as her pallbearers. For years, her grave simply read:

BELLE BOYD
CONFEDERATE SPY
BORN IN VIRGINIA
DIED IN WISCONSIN
ERECTED BY A COMRADE

In popular culture
 <mask>'s life inspired the silent film series The Girl Spy. The Smiling Rebel is Harnett Kane's 1955 novel about <mask>. <mask> is a main character in Cherie Priest's 2010 steampunk novel Clementine and its 2013 sequel Fiddlehead. <mask> appears as a character in book 3 of the James Reasoner Civil War Series. <mask>'s bullet-riddled handbag was the featured artifact on an episode of the TV game show Legends of the Hidden Temple. <mask> appears as a master-spy in the Firaxis computer game Civilization 4 Beyond The Sword

See also
American Civil War spies
Hattie Lawton
Kate Warne

References

Further reading

Bakeless, John.Spies of the Confederacy. Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications, 1997. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> in Camp and Prison. New York: Blelock, 1867. Harnett Thomas Kane, The Smiling Rebel (Garden City, New York: Doubleday, 1955). External links

<mask> in Camp and Prison.In Two Volumes. Vol. I. London: Saunders, Otley, and Co., 1865. <mask> in Camp and Prison. In Two Volumes. Vol. II.London: Saunders, Otley, and Co., 1865. <mask>: Siren of the South By Ruth Scarborough
<mask> in Encyclopedia Virginia
 <mask>, Wisconsin Historical Society
Official Records Retrieved June 14, 2009
Michals, Debra. "<mask>". National Women's History Museum. 2015. 1844 births
1900 deaths
Actresses from West Virginia
American Civil War spies
19th-century American memoirists
American spies
Burials in Wisconsin
Female wartime spies
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
People from Wisconsin Dells, Wisconsin
Women in the American Civil War
Writers from Martinsburg, West Virginia
American women memoirists
19th-century American women writers
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses
People from Front Royal, Virginia

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