texts:
<mask>  is a Canadian filmmaker. Her works include Stone, Time, Touch which won best documentary at the Warsaw International Film Festival in 2007. Her films have screened at MoMa, the Telluride Film Festival (Colorado), Lux Cinema (London), the Egyptian Theatre (Los Angeles), the Jerusalem Film Festival, the Warsaw International Film Festival, Berlinale, and a host of cinematheques, including those in Berlin, Edmonton, Ottawa, Winnipeg and Vancouver. <mask>'s debut short, Visions (1992), was part of a retrospective at Centre Pompidou when she was 22. Her subsequent shorts were screened at New York Museum of Modern Art Cineprobe series when she was 25, and at the Spielberg theatre at the Egyptian (2019). <mask>'s work has been broadcast on Arte France, Documentary Channel (Canada), Bravo Canada, Sundance Channel (USA), SBS (Australia) and WTN (Canada). Her films focus on notions of memory, longing and identity, underlined by her diverse and comprehensive filmography.Awards
Girl from Moush (1994) was awarded best short at the Melbourne International Film Festival. <mask> was commissioned by the American indie rock band Sparklehorse to produce a music video. The resulting short film, SPARKLEHORSE (1999), received commendation at the 2000 Berlinale, the Berlin International Film Festival. Her short film featuring the music of Sparklehorse, BABIES ON THE SUN (2001), received the Panorama short film prize at the Berlinale, the Berlin International Film Festival. HOKEES won a gold prize for drama at the Houston Film Festival (2000) and best short at the Los Angeles AFFMA Film Festival (2000). <mask>'s Stone Time Touch (2007) is a feature-length documentary filmed mostly in Armenia. It was awarded best documentary feature at the Warsaw International Film Festival (2007).She was awarded a DAAD (Berliner Künstlerprogramm) filmmaker fellowship in Berlin in 2007. In 2019, Girl from Moush was selected to be part of the Panorama 40, for the 40th anniversary of the birth of the Panorama at the Berlinale. Critical reviews

"The Yerevan brilliantly indexed in An Inventory of Some Strictly Visible Things bears little resemblance to the hallucinatory Armenia of Girl From Moush. An Inventory’s (2017) crisply shot and starkly lit digital renderings belong to the here and now rather than there and then... I watched a retrospective of <mask>’s work hosted by the Los Angeles Filmforum at the Egyptian Theatre in July. It was the first retrospective program of her films in Los Angeles — a staggering fact given her monumental contributions to feminist diasporic cinema over the past quarter-century." From Hyperallergic, Mashinka Firunts (2019)

"In a nod to Perec, Torossian’s An Inventory of Some Strictly Visible Things is a riveting account of the everyday in a small post-Soviet republic: a country obsessed with the catastrophic...It is a powerful celebration of the extraordinary in the ordinary; an essential respite from the white noise of the White House, and the tyranny of the headline." —Bomb (2017)

"In a national culture seemingly obsessed with identity, the careening, intense, arresting works of <mask> Torossian are poetic cinematic searches for and expressions of those very elusive notions of belonging and identification that make her an idiosyncratic yet quintessentially Canadian artist. Formally freewheeling and merging the visual languages of Super 8, 35mm, and video, her body of work is one of the most startling and original to have emerged in Canada over the last decade and a half. "—Tom McSorley, Executive Director, Canadian Film Institute (2010). "Torossian put together a stunning piece that comments on and extends Atom Egoyan's film's structure and themes. The resulting six-minute meditation on a homeland she has yet to visit, Girl from Moush, transforms the iconic architectural stills into a river of images. "—from Image and Territory, Adam Gilders, edited by Monique Schofen (2006)

"In 2002, she won the Panorama short film prize at the Berlinale for "Babies on the Sun" (2001), five impressive minutes in which Torossian nostalgically traces memories of childhood."—Berliner Kunstlerprogramm (2007)

"<mask>, a filmmaker whose work was featured at MoMA during a one-woman Cineprobe program in 1995, created a personal and somewhat autobiographical work for her first feature STONE TIME TOUCH. In search of her identity, she visits Armenia, the land of her forebears, and makes a vivid and impressionistic diary of beauty, wonderment, and sadness. "—Laurence Kardish, Senior Curator at MoMa, Department of Film

"One of Canada's most original filmmakers. "—Liam Lacey, Globe & Mail

Filmography

 1992 – VISIONS (4min, 16mm, Color) Director, Editor, Cinematographer
 1993 – PLATFORM (8min, 16mm, Color) Director, Editor, Cinematographer
 1994 – GIRL FROM MOUSH (5min, 16mm, Color) Director, Editor, Cinematographer
 1995 – DROWNING IN FLAMES (25min, 16mm, Color) Director, Editor, Cinematographer
 1996 – MY OWN OBSESSION (30min, 16mm, Color) Director, Editor, Cinematographer
 1997 – PASSION CRUCIFIED (22min.

masks:
Gariné Torossian
Torossian
Torossian
Torossian
Torossian
Torossian
Gariné
Torossian


type: original

texts:
<mask> (10 June 1908 – 28 January 1970) was an Irish Fine Gael politician who served as Minister for Finance from 1954 to 1957. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Kildare constituency from 1948 to 1970. He was a Senator for the Labour Panel from 1943 to 1948. Family and childhood
<mask> was born on 10 June 1908. His father, <mask>, was a practising barrister, and the family's return for the 1911 census shows that they employed three servants at their Lower Baggot Street home. The Sweetmans were no strangers to Irish politics. James' brother, <mask>, was elected to the First Dáil representing Wexford North and was one of the first TDs to publicly call for a negotiated settlement to the Irish War of Independence.<mask> was educated at the Beaumont School in Britain. He completed his studies at Trinity College, Dublin and went on to qualify as a solicitor in 1930. His son, Peter, is a well-known "serial environmental litigant". Early political career
<mask>'s first brush with politics came with his involvement with the Blueshirts: He was a member of the League of Youth, one of their youth wings, and was elected to Blueshirt's national council in August 1935. As the Blueshirts dissipated, <mask> folded into the newly formed Fine Gael. Three weeks after his 29th birthday, <mask> contested the 1937 general election. His target was the four-seater Carlow–Kildare constituency.Out of a field of 7 candidates, <mask> came in sixth with 8.5% of the vote. He did not contest the 1938 general election but ran again in 1943, and once again failed to secure election. He secured a Seanad seat in weeks that followed, and remained in the upper house through the 1944 election, until finally, with the creation of a separate Kildare constituency, he won a Dáil seat at the 1948 general election. The 1948 general election returned the first inter-party government under Taoiseach John A. Costello. This coalition represented an 'anybody-but-Fianna-Fáil' gathering from across the political spectrum, and the newest Kildare TD sat on the backbenches until the government fell in 1951. A second inter-party government took office in June 1954 with Sweetman promoted to Minister for Finance. In Professor Tom Garvin's review of the 1950s 'News from a New Republic', he comes in for praise as a moderniser and Garvin places him with a cross-party group including Daniel Morrissey of Fine Gael and William Norton of the Labour Party as well as Seán Lemass of Fianna Fáil who were pushing a modernising agenda

<mask> also served as a member of Kildare County Council, including a term as chairman of the Council in the late 1940s.Ministerial career
He was now 45 years old, and he inherited a national economy that was in crisis. Unemployment was at 421,000; over 100,000 people had left agriculture during the previous 8 years; the country was seeing a level of emigration unknown since the famine. Sweetman differed in his thinking from the protectionist policies espoused by Éamon de Valera since the 1930s. Rather than focussing on a self-sufficient Ireland, Sweetman enacted policies that would make Ireland a net exporter. In his first budget in 1955, he introduced a scheme whereby a tax exemption was provided for exported goods. He also established the Prize Bonds programme as a means of reducing the national debt. This debt was worrying in the mid-1950s.Two major bond issues were placed during <mask>'s tenure, for £20 million and £12 million. These were large sums at a time when an average worker entered the tax net with an annual salary of just £533. However, <mask>'s greatest initiative as Minister was the appointment of a young man of talent and vision. On 30 May 1956, he elevated a 39-year-old civil servant named Ken Whitaker to the position of Secretary-General of the Department of Finance. This was a revolutionary step, as it did not follow the convention of promotion based on time served. Whitaker's time at the Department has been seen as instrumental in the economic development of the country, and a 2001 RTÉ contest named him 'Irishman of the 20th Century'. Whitaker was inherited by the new FF government elected in 1957, and his seminal "First Programme for Economic Expansion" published in 1958 laid the foundations for economic growth in the 1960s.Later career
<mask>, this brief period of government was not to be repeated and he would remain in opposition for the rest of his life. During the 1960s, Fine Gael itself witnessed a major transformation. The decade began with a new leader, James Dillon, and a renewed focus on making the party relevant. This internal revolution culminated in the 'Just Society' document produced by Declan Costello. The distinctly social democrat flavour of the document was very much at odds with Sweetman's deeply conservative views. However, the support of Liam Cosgrave and Garret FitzGerald ensured that the document was adopted as the party's manifesto for the 1965 general election. In his last election, in June 1969, <mask> was again returned to the Dáil for a seventh successive term.His party colleagues on the ticket for that election included Nancy Moore, mother of Christy Moore. The election left only a handful of seats between Fianna Fáil and the opposition. He was known for his high-speed style of driving. 28 January 1970 was a long day, which began with a return from a business meeting on the continent. On returning to Ireland, he had travelled down to Silvermines in Tipperary for another business meeting, and it was on the return journey that he lost control of his vehicle near Monasterevin in County Kildare and died. Speaking at the first session of the Dáil that followed, Taoiseach Jack Lynch offered a sincere and moving tribute to the late Deputy. He spoke of a TD who "commanded respect and attention", especially in matters of finance; a "gifted parliamentarian who loved the cut-and-thrust of debate" and who was as "fair an opponent as he was formidable".He noted a career cut short: "Through his tragic and untimely death, Dáil Éireann and Irish public life have suffered a grievous loss. That loss will be felt all the more because of his great impact on, and contribution to, Irish political life". References

1908 births
1970 deaths
20th-century Irish lawyers
Fine Gael TDs
Fine Gael senators
Irish solicitors
Members of the 13th Dáil
Members of the 14th Dáil
Members of the 15th Dáil
Members of the 16th Dáil
Members of the 17th Dáil
Members of the 18th Dáil
Members of the 19th Dáil
Members of the 4th Seanad
Members of the 5th Seanad
Members of the Blueshirts
Ministers for Finance (Ireland)
Politicians from County Dublin
Politicians from County Kildare
Road incident deaths in the Republic of Ireland

masks:
Hugh Gerard Sweetman
Hugh Gerard Sweetman
James Sweetman
Roger Sweetman
Gerard
Sweetman
Sweetman
Gerard Sweetman
Sweetman
Sweetman
Sweetman
Sweetman
For Sweetman
Sweetman


texts:
<mask> (10 May 1936 – 30 November 2008) was an American scholar of Christianity. He served as Distinguished Professor of the Humanities and Emeritus Professor of New Testament and Early Christianity at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He also was a scholar of the synoptic problem. Biography
The son of Presbyterian missionaries, Dungan was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and grew up in Shanghai, China until 1940. His family moved back to the United States and he was then raised in Berea, Kentucky, where he graduated high school in 1953. He earned degrees from The College of Wooster (B.A. 1957), McCormick Seminary in Chicago (B.D.1963), and Harvard Divinity School (Th.D. 1968). From 1967 to 2002, Dungan was a faculty member in the Department of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, teaching courses in Biblical literature, Church history, and images of Jesus. His teaching was interdisciplinary, with courses linking religion to the environmental crisis, and a course in the 1980s on religious legacies of the Vietnam War, in which local veterans served as guest lecturers, sharing their experiences with students. His teaching was inquiry based; according to one colleague, it was designed "to put students in the presence of what is primitive and, far more, pristine about biblical texts," to put students "in the grip of serious uneasiness" with their prior assumptions, and to challenge them to work through dilemmas of faith and scholarship for themselves. Dungan was a proponent of the two-gospel hypothesis (Griesbach hypothesis), which argues that the Gospel of Mark is derived from the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke. This meant he argued against both Markan priority and the necessity of the Q document proposed in the more accepted and common two-source hypothesis.He authored numerous articles and books on the subject, including A History of the Synoptic Problem (Yale University Press, 1999). He was also a founding member of the International Institute for the Renewal of Gospel Studies and a member of the Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies, groups which facilitated and supported Dungan's work. In 1976-77 and again in 2006, he taught at the invitation of the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome. Documents for the Study of the Gospels, which he began co-editing in the 1970s with <mask>. Cartlidge, is used by scholars and students worldwide. Dungan frequently collaborated with William R. Farmer, one of the main proponents of the two-gospel hypothesis. From 1990 to 1998, he and Farmer co-edited the International Bible Commentary: A Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century, a collection of commentaries from biblical scholars from diverse Christian traditions worldwide. At the time of his death, he was working on a multimedia book project entitled Images of Jesus in America.Colleagues have assembled a volume of essays in his honor, which includes an introductory set of essays on his life of teaching and scholarship. The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has established the <mask> L. Dungan Memorial Lecture Fund to support an annual lecture by a noted scholar on an issue that motivated Dungan's work. Publications by <mask> Dungan
Books Authored

 Constantine's Bible: Politics and the Making of the New Testament (Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2006). A History of the Synoptic Problem:  The Canon, the Text, the Composition, and the Interpretation of the Gospels (Yale University Press, 1999). Beyond the Q Impasse: Luke's Use of Matthew: A Demonstration by the Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies, co-authored with Allan J. McNicol, <mask>. Peabody, Lamar Cope, William R. Farmer, and Philip L. Shuler (Trinity Press International, 1996). The Sayings of Jesus in the Churches of Paul:  The Use of the Synoptic Tradition in the Regulation of Early Church Life (Philadelphia: Fortress Press; Blackwell Publishers, 1971). Books Edited
 International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century, co-edited with William R. Farmer, Dominique Barrios-Delgado, Armando Levoratti, and Sean McEvenue, English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998).Documents for the Study of the Gospels, co-edited with <mask>. Cartlidge, revised and expanded edition (Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 1994). Originally published as Sourcebook of Texts for the Comparative Study of the Gospels:  Literature of the Hellenistic and Roman Period Illustrating the Milieu and Character of the Gospels, co-edited with <mask>. Cartlidge, Society of Biblical Literature (Scholars’ Press, 1974). The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984, Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002). Articles and Essays Authored

 "The Bible and Ecology," co-authored with Dan Deffenbaugh, in International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century, edited by William R. Farmer, et al., English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998). "What is the Synoptic Problem?"co-authored with John Kloppenborg, in International Bible Commentary: a Catholic and Ecumenical Commentary for the 21st Century, edited by William R. Farmer, et al., English language edition (Liturgical Press, 1998). "'Eppur Si Muove': Circumnavigating the Mythical Recensions of Q," Soundings 78:3-4 (1995): 541-570. "The Year of Living Dangerously: An East–West Dialectic," co-authored with Linda Ehrlich, The New Orleans Film Review 19.3-4 (1993): 118-124. "The Two Gospel Hypothesis," Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. 5 (New York: Doubleday 1992), 671-679. "Response to the two-source hypothesis," in The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984, Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr.Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 201-216. "Synopses of the Future," in The Interrelations of the Gospels: a Symposium Led by M É Boismard, W R Farmer, F Neirynck, Jerusalem 1984, Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium 95 (Louvain, Belgium: Leuven Univ. Pr, 1990; repr. Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 317-347. "Jesus and Violence," in Jesus, the Gospels, and the Church. Essays in Honor of William R. Farmer, edited by E. P. Sanders (Mercer University Press, 1987), 135 –162. "Critique of the Main Arguments for Mark's Priority as Formulated by B. H. Streeter," in The Two-Source Hypothesis:  a Critical Appraisal, edited by Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr., Joseph B. Tyson, and William O. Walker (Mercer Univ.Press, 1985; repr. Ithaca, NY:  Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 143-161. "Critique of the Q Hypothesis," in The Two-Source Hypothesis:  a Critical Appraisal, edited by Arthur J. Bellinzoni, Jr., Joseph B. Tyson, and William O. Walker (Mercer Univ. Press, 1985; repr. Ithaca, NY:  Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 427-433. "Synopses of the Future," Biblica 66 (1985) 457–492. "A Griesbachian Perspective on the Argument from Order," in Synoptic Studies: The Ampleforth Conferences of 1982 and 1983, edited by Christopher M. Tuckett, Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series #7 (Sheffield, England: Sheffield Academic Press 1984; repr.Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 67-74. "The Purpose and Provenance of the Gospel of Mark According to the 'Two Gospel' ([Owen-]Griesbach) Hypothesis," in Colloquy on New Testament Studies: a Time for Reappraisal and Fresh Approaches, edited by Bruce C. Corley (Mercer Univ. Press, 1983; repr. Ithaca, NY:  Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 133-179. Repr. in New Synoptic Studies: the Cambridge Gospel Conference and Beyond, edited by William R. Farmer (Mercer Uni. Press, 1983; repr.Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 2002), 411-440. "Theory of Synopsis Construction," Biblica 61 (1980): 305–329. "Survey of Nineteenth Century ‘Lives of Jesus’," Religious Studies Review (Oct. 1978): 113–127. "Lives of Jesus Series," review article co-written with James O. Duke, Religious Studies Review 4.4 (1978): 259-265. "Albert Schweitzer’s Disillusionment with the Historical Reconstruction of the Life of Jesus," in Perkins Journal 29 (1976): 27–48. "Reconsidering Albert Schweitzer," Christian Century 92.32 (8 Oct. 1975): 874-880. "New Testament Canon in Recent Study," Interpretation 29.4 (1975): 339-351."Reactionary Trends in the Gospel Producing Activity of the Early Church: Marcion, Tatian, Mark," in L’évangile du Marc, Bibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum Lovaniensium #34, edited by M. Sabbe (Louvain Univ. Press 1974), 179–202. "Mark the Abridgment of Matthew and Luke," in Jesus and Man’s Hope, vol. I, edited by D. Miller (Pittsburgh Theological Seminary Press, 1970), 51–79. Repr. in  The Two Source Hypothesis: A Critical Appraisal, edited by A. Bellinzoni (Mercer University Press, 1985). References

Links
 Obituary for <mask> Dungan , Knoxville News-Sentinel, 5 December 2008, repr.at ChanVinson.com Blog, (5 Dec. 2008). <mask><mask> Memorial Lecture Fund , Religious Studies Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. "<mask> Dungan, Published Works" , (Last Revised March 2000), A Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis, Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies. Thomas R. W. Longstaff,  "A Web Site for the Two Gospel Hypothesis," Research Team of the International Institute for Gospel Studies

1936 births
2008 deaths
Harvard Divinity School alumni
American religion academics
American biblical scholars
College of Wooster alumni

masks:
David Laird Dungan
David R
David
David Laird
David B
David R
David R
David Laird
David L
. Dungan
David Laird


texts:
<mask> (21 July 1858 – 17 July 1925) was a German artist and writer whose mature work as a painter and printmaker realized a synthesis of impressionism and expressionism. Corinth studied in Paris and Munich, joined the Berlin Secession group, later succeeding Max Liebermann as the group's president. His early work was naturalistic in approach. Corinth was initially antagonistic towards the expressionist movement, but after a stroke in 1911 his style loosened and took on many expressionistic qualities. His use of color became more vibrant, and he created portraits and landscapes of extraordinary vitality and power. Corinth's subject matter also included nudes and biblical scenes. Early life
Corinth was born Franz Heinrich Louis on 21 July 1858 in Tapiau, in Prussia.The son of a tanner, he displayed a talent for drawing as a child. In 1876 he went to study painting in the academy of Königsberg. Initially intending to become a history painter, he was dissuaded from this course by his chief instructor at the academy, the genre painter Otto Günther. In 1880 he traveled to Munich, which rivaled Paris as the avant-garde art center in Europe at the time. There he studied briefly with Franz von Defregger before gaining admission to the Academy of Fine Arts Munich, where he studied under Ludwig von Löfftz. The realism of Corinth's early works was encouraged by Löfftz's teaching, which emphasized careful observation of colors and values. Other important influences were Courbet and the Barbizon school, through their interpretation by the Munich artists Wilhelm Leibl and Wilhelm Trübner .Except for an interruption for military service in 1882–83, Corinth studied with Löfftz until 1884. He then traveled to Antwerp, where he greatly admired the paintings of Rubens, and then in October 1884 to Paris where he studied under William-Adolphe Bouguereau and Tony Robert-Fleury at the Académie Julian. He concentrated especially on improving his drawing skills, and made the female nude his frequent subject. He was disappointed, however, in his repeated failure to win a medal at the Salon, and returned to Königsberg in 1888 when he adopted the name "Lovis Corinth". Career

In 1891, Corinth returned to Munich, but in 1892 he abandoned the Munich Academy and joined the Munich Secession. In 1894 he joined the Free Association, and in 1899 he participated in an exhibition organized by the Berlin Secession. These nine years in Munich were not his most productive, and he was perhaps better known for his ability to drink large amounts of red wine and champagne.<mask> moved to Berlin in 1900, and had a one-man exhibition at a gallery owned by Paul Cassirer. In 1902 at the age of 43, he opened a school of painting for women and married his first student, Charlotte Berend, some 20 years his junior. Charlotte was his youthful muse, his spiritual partner, and the mother of his two children. She had a profound influence on him, and family life became a major theme in his art. Another of his students was Doramaria Purschian. He published numerous essays on art history, and in 1908 published Das Erlernen der Malerei ("On Learning to Paint"). In December 1911, he suffered a stroke, and was partially paralyzed on his left side.Thereafter he walked with a limp, and his hands displayed a chronic tremor. With the help of his wife, within a year he was painting again with his right hand. His disability inspired in the artist an intense interest in the simple, intimate things of daily life. In the summer of 1919, for example, he produced a cycle of casual etchings of his family in their country home. It was also at this time that landscapes became a significant part of his oeuvre. These landscapes were set at the Walchensee, a lake in the Bavarian Alps where Corinth owned a house. Their lively picturing, in bright colors, tempt many to consider the Walchensee series as his best work.He painted numerous self-portraits, and made a habit of painting one every year on his birthday as a means of self-examination. In many of his self-portraits he assumed guises such as an armored knight (The Victor, 1910), or Samson (The Blinded Samson, 1912). Not all of Corinth's works were appreciated in his lifetime: upon learning of his death, Danish critic Georg Brandes wrote in a letter to his secretary that it was Corinth's “punishment for such a wretched portrait of myself”. From 1915–25, he served as President of the Berlin Secession. In 1920 an anthology of his art-historical writings was published in Berlin. In 1922 his works were exhibited in the Venice Biennale. On 15 March 1921 Corinth received an honorary doctorate from the University of Königsberg.In 1925, he traveled to the Netherlands to view the works of his favorite Dutch masters. He caught pneumonia and died in Zandvoort. Printmaking
Corinth explored every print technique except aquatint; he favored drypoint and lithography. He created his first etching in 1891 and his first lithograph in 1894. He experimented with the woodcut medium but made only 12 woodcuts, all of them between 1919 and 1924. He was quite prolific, and in the last 15 years of his life he produced more than 900 graphic works, including 60 self-portraits. The landscapes he created between 1919 and 1925 are perhaps the most desirable images of his entire graphic oeuvre.Legacy

The house where Corinth was born is still in the town of Tapiau, which is now called Gvardeysk, and located in Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia. In 1910 Corinth had donated the painting Golgatha for the altar of the church of his birthplace, Tapiau. At the end of the Second World War, when the Red Army invaded East Prussia, this painting disappeared without trace. Tapiau was among the few East Prussian places not devastated by the war, which makes it likely that the painting was looted rather than destroyed. In 1926, a commemorative exhibition of Corinth's paintings and watercolors was presented at the Nationalgalerie in Berlin, and an exhibition of his prints and drawings was held at the Berlin Academy. By 1930 the Nationalgalerie acquired several major paintings by Corinth in addition to those already in its collection. During the Third Reich, Corinth's work was condemned by the Nazis as degenerate art.In 1937, Nazi authorities removed 295 of his works from public collections, and transported seven of them to Munich where they were displayed in March 1937 in the Degenerate Art Exhibition. In 2007, the German city of Hanover returned a painting by Corinth to the heirs of Jewish collector Curt Glaser who sold it in 1933 to fund his escape from the Nazis. The painting,  (Roman Landscape) (1914) was handed to Glaser's heirs, represented by his U.S.-based niece and her daughter. In June 2021 the Royal Museums of Fine Arts in Brussels in Belgium agreed to return Corinth's 1913 “Blumenstilleben” or “Still life with Flowers” to the heir of Gustav and Emma Mayer, who were persecuted by the Nazis and forced to flee because of their Jewish heritage

Galleries
Landscapes and still lifes

Figures and portraits

Wife, family and self portraits

History painting

See also
 List of German painters
 Degenerate art

Notes

References
Corinth, L., Schuster, P.-K., Vitali, C., & Butts, B. (1996). Lovis Corinth. Munich: Prestel.Corinth, L., Uhr, Horst, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Oxford: University of California Press, 1990. Makela, Maria. "Corinth, Lovis." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. Rung, Gertrud."Georg Brandes i Samvær og Breve". Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel Nordisk Forlag, 1930. External links

 Gallery at "Museumsportal Schleswig-Holstein"
 Gallery of works by <mask> Corinth
 Corinth Gallery at MuseumSyndicate
German masters of the nineteenth century : paintings and drawings from the Federal Republic of Germany, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on Lovis Corinth (no. 13–16)

1858 births
1925 deaths
People from Gvardeysk
People from the Province of Prussia
19th-century German painters
19th-century male artists
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
German Impressionist painters
German Expressionist painters
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
Alumni of the Académie Julian
20th-century German printmakers
Deaths from pneumonia in the Netherlands

masks:
Lovis Corinth
Corinth
Lovis


texts:
<mask> is a five-time Grammy Award-nominated film and television music supervisor whose credits include: The Man In The High Castle, Six Feet Under, True Blood, House, Weeds, Entourage, Dexter, and Varsity Blues. He is also an American DJ, who hosted a long-running program on the influential radio station KCRW in Santa Monica, CA. He eventually moved to 88.5 KCSN in September 2018. <mask> is also a songwriter and recording artist. Biography

Early life
Born in the Bronx and raised in Yonkers, NY, Calamar developed an early fascination with music and radio by listening to WNEW-FM. He told journalist Tony Pierce in a 2007 interview: "I …was the kid who kept a transistor radio under his pillow. I was a big fan of WNEW-FM and their amazing staff of DJ's.I remember Scott Muni, Pete Fornatelle, Allison Steel 'The Night Bird' and Dave Herman. I was listening when John Lennon surprised Dennis Elsas on the air and guest DJ'd." Calamar migrated to Los Angeles in the early 1980s. His intense interest in music eventually led him to manage Los Angeles-area boutique record stores Licorice Pizza, Moby Disc and Rhino Records. It was at Licorice Pizza that he met musician Jeff Davis. Calamar was enlisted to manage Davis' band, The Balancing Act, who went on to release three critically acclaimed albums on IRS Records. KCRW
In addition to his record store work, Calamar volunteered in the music library of highly influential NPR station KCRW in the early 1990s, opening mail and filing CDs.He quickly made his way on to the airwaves. He described his transition from volunteer to DJ to Tony Pierce: "I got to know Chris Douridas who was music director and host of Morning Becomes Eclectic at the time. One day he casually mentioned that they were looking for a Saturday-Sunday overnight DJ... I dropped to my knees and begged Chris to give me a shot...and he did." Calamar's Sunday night radio program (known as The Open Road until a KCRW policy change in 2008 eliminated music show names) featured a blend of contemporary and classic rock, pop, and folk music. He called it "adventurous pop music both timely and timeless". He conducted on-air interviews with iconic musical figures including Brian Wilson, Lucinda Williams, Jeff Tweedy from Wilco, Wayne Coyne from The Flaming Lips as well as film composers Elmer Bernstein, Thomas Newman, Lalo Schifrin and Danny Elfman.Calamar's last show on KCRW was Sunday, September 23, 2018. KCSN
On October 7, 2018, Calamar debuted his Sunday evening show, The Open Road, on The New 88.5 FM (formerly known as KCSN). Music Supervision
IMDB Credits

Calamar cites the 1998 film Slums Of Beverly Hills as his first major break in the world of music supervision. The following year he co-supervised the number one hit movie Varsity Blues. Both films were co-supervised with G. Marq Roswell whom Calamar has called a mentor. In 2001, he and then-professional-partner Thomas Golubić were given the opportunity to work on an HBO series called Six Feet Under, created by American Beauty screenwriter  Alan Ball. The show became hugely influential, as did its soundtracks.Calamar and Golubic were nominated for Grammy Awards for volumes 1 and 2 of the Six Feet Under soundtracks that they produced. The final scene in the last episode of Six Feet Under featured the track "Breathe Me" by Sia Furler. The singer often credits this placement as a major event in her career, leading her to both a record deal and wider fame. In 2006, Calamar founded Go Music to manage his various music supervision projects. The success of Six Feet Under brought Calamar wide recognition as a music supervisor, leading to his work in some of the most popular and critically acclaimed shows on television; The Man In The High Castle, House, True Blood, Dexter, Weeds, and Entourage. Calamar produced four soundtrack albums for the Alan Ball HBO series, True Blood (a vampire drama set in Northern Louisiana), which led to Grammy Award nominations in 2010, 2011, and 2013 for "Best Soundtrack Compilation." In 2010 and 2011, <mask>r was honored as “Music Supervisor Of The Year (Television)” by his colleagues in the Guild Of Music Supervisors.Songwriter and Recording Artist
In the fall of 2014 Atlantic Records released <mask>'s debut ep; You Are What You Listen To. Some of the reviews:

“This is a killer EP and every track is filled to the brim with hooks, attitude and sublime pop musicality.”

-Mike Marrone (Sirius XM's The Loft)

“There's a lifetime of passion for pop music and the craft of recording in this bright shiny E.P. I particularly like “Giddy”, it sums up <mask>'s enthusiasm for all things musical.”

-Nic Harcourt (KCSN Los Angeles)

 “One of the best rock albums that I've heard this year....<mask>r's songs here are infused with great New Wave energy and hooks aplenty. Songs like "She's So Mid-Century" and "I Got An Idea" are full-time pleasures. -David Wild (Huffington Post, Rolling Stone)

 “<mask>’s songs are idiosyncratic gems. They’re reverent to great pop and classic rock but they have a spark of originality that is all <mask>. They’re witty, catchy & fun and are a breath of fresh air.”

- Michael Shelley (WFMU New Jersey)

 “One of the best rock albums that I've heard this year....<mask>'s songs here are infused with great New Wave energy and hooks aplenty.Songs like "She's So Mid-Century" and "I Got An Idea" are full-time pleasures. - David Wild (Huffington Post, Editor, Rolling Stone)

<mask> followed up with the single “Looking For A Job” / Anti-Social, Young American Christmas Lovers Brigade” in 2015, and “Little Tokyo / “Prince of Pico Blvd.” in 2017

Record Store Days
In 2010, Calamar's first book was published by Sterling Publishing -- Record Store Days: From Vinyl to Digital and Back Again—co-authored by music journalist Phil Gallo. The lavishly-illustrated volume features a foreword by R.E.M. 's Peter Buck and tells the story of the development of record stores. Personal life

<mask>r lives with his wife Ali and daughter Zoe in the Laurel Canyon area of Los Angeles. References

External links
 True Blood Official site
 http://www.kcrw.com
 http://www.885fm.org/programs/gary-calamar/
 http://www.GaryCalamar.com
 https://web.archive.org/web/20090716045300/http://laist.com/

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Record producers from New York (state)
People from Yonkers, New York

masks:
Gary Calamar
Gary
Gary Calama
Gary
Gary
Gary Calama
Gary
Gary
Gary Calamar
Gary
Gary Calama


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<mask>-ho (; born January 21, 1981), mononymously credited as <mask> (), is a South Korean singer, rapper and the youngest member of six-member boy band Shinhwa. Besides rapping for his band, <mask> has ventured out into television acting, musicals, and solo singing. <mask> is also the producer of duo Jumper and boy bands Teen Top, 100% and UP10TION. Biography

Pre-debut
<mask> was raised in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, California, United States and had been a student at John F. Kennedy High School before moving to Seoul. He then completed high school at Korea Kent Foreign School in Seoul. <mask> was the second member to join Shinhwa. He originally planned to be a member of H.O.T.(another Korean boy band) with his friend Tony Ahn. However, his parents pulled their support for him joining H.O.T. because they thought he was too young. Nevertheless, he continued to stay with the management of H.O.T. and was even featured as a rapper on female group S.E.S. 's single I'm Your Girl along with Eric Mun (Mun would later join <mask> in Shinhwa as lead rapper). When <mask> was older, his parents let him join Shinhwa.He would continue with Shinhwa until the group's fourth album when he took some time out to study in the U.S. (he later confessed that it actually was due to his care for seriously sick mother). For the group's fifth album Perfect Man he returned and has been with the group ever since. His real English name was actually Jason, but SM Entertainment persuaded him to change it before his debut. 2003: Solo artist
In 2003, when the members of Shinhwa began doing solo activities, <mask> surprised everyone by being an actor on various dramas, most notably the drama Lovers In Prague. Although he had a very minor role in the drama, it gained many viewers because of his role as a completely different, serious person. He began appearing in many banjun drama as well alongside former Fin.K.L member <mask>. The two acted together in numerous other banjun dramas as well as a couple for 6 months, longer than any other couple or actors/actresses did on the show segment for which they gained a lot of popularity due to their perfect match and chemistry.<mask> was also an MC on SBS Inkigayo and MBC Goldfish, though in January 2007, he step down from being MC on both SBS Inkigayo and MBC Goldfish in a period of 3 days (SBS Inkigayo on January 28 & MBC Goldfish on January 31). In 2007, <mask> left his group's management to set up his own company, ND (New Dream) Entertainment, concentrating on his solo career. As Shinhwa was on hiatus, <mask> return to acting in September 2007 to act as the lead role in a musical "Music In My Heart (Season 3)", a type of project that none of the Shinhwa members have tried to pursue yet. After finishing performances for the musical, <mask> released his very first digital single, titled "Irrelevant [or Extraordinary] Imagination" on November 30, 2007, a cover from the group Rollercoaster's song. Due to the help of Park Jin Young (also known as JYP; CEO of JYP Entertainment) and Yubin of Wonder Girls, <mask> was able to have a successful single. Yubin rapped while JYP wrote the lyrics for the rap part in the song. With the help, <mask> was able to attract a lot of attention for the single.By releasing the digital single as well, <mask> became the 5th member in Shinhwa to go solo behind <mask>-woo, Shin Hye-sung, Jun Jin, and Kim Dong-wan, leaving Eric Mun as the only member to have not yet pursue a solo singing career. In March 2008, <mask> joined MBC's reality show We Got Married where he was a couple with singer Solbi to act out the lives of newlyweds. Solbi and <mask> made their official exit from We Got Married on October 5, 2008. He has taken an active career in stage such as playing as playing a 19-year-old in the musical Polaroid in August 2008, as well as live concerts throughout September and October. He has also produced a two-member boy band called Jumper under his company ND Entertainment. They have released two singles titled YES! featuring Eric and 눈이부셔 (Sparkling Eyes) featuring Kang Jiyoung of Kara.2009-2011: Military service
In November 2009, <mask> commenced an Asia tour with stops in Taipei, Tokyo and Shanghai and concluded it just after Christmas and held a fan meeting, <mask> Farewell Party-Bye for now a week before his enlistment. He enlisted for his mandatory military service on 11 January 2010 for 21 months of active duty at the Ministry of National Defense in Yongsan-gu, Seoul. He was discharged on 31 October 2011. In 2010, TOP Media, <mask>'s agency, debuted its first boy band Teen Top. 2012: Shinhwa comeback and boy band 100%
In March 2012, <mask> reunited with his Shinhwa bandmates for their comeback after four years, under the management of 'Shinhwa Company'. It is a joint venture agency for members to perform as a group, of which Eric and <mask>-woo are co-CEOs and the remaining members are shareholders. The Company manages the group as a whole, whilst members' individual activities are managed by their respective agencies.The group released their tenth studio album The Return on 23 March 2012, launched their comeback concerts 2012 Shinhwa Grand Tour: The Return throughout Asia and their first exclusive variety program Shinhwa Broadcast premiered on 17 March 2012 on cable channel JTBC. In September, under TOP Media, he launched a new seven-member boy band 100% which debuted with the hit single "Bad Guy". 2013: Gambling conviction and hiatus
In November 2013, <mask> was indicted with illegally gambling on soccer matches, resulting in a fine of 5 million KRW. Shinhwa apologized on-air for <mask>'s crime in December 2013 and <mask> withdrew from all individual and group activities. As part of the hiatus, <mask>'s previously filmed appearances on broadcast shows such as "Shinhwa Broadcast" were edited out. In February 2014, television station Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) announced <mask> would be banned from broadcasting on the network. In October 2014, <mask> was announced to be returning with his group mates in a Chinese concert that was broadcast on Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) Inkigayo in January 2015.Soon after Shinhwa announced its February 2015 comeback with a full-length album, MBC announced it is lifting the ban on <mask>. Personal life
On January 19, 2022, <mask> wrote a letter announcing his marriage, posting it on his personal SNS. <mask>'s fiancée is announcer <mask>-joo of Jeju MBC, who is 9 years younger than him. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

DVD

Filmography

Film

Television series

Variety shows

MC

Musical

Awards

Notes
 A  The Gaon Music Chart began releasing data in 2010 after the Music Industry Association of Korea stopped compiling data in 2008. Online sources for charts after September 2008 and before January 2010 are currently unavailable. References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Shinhwa members
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male musical theatre actors
South Korean male idols
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rappers from Seoul
South Korean male rappers
South Korean pop singers
Actors from Seoul

masks:
Lee Sun
Andy
Andy
Andy
Andy Lee
Lee
Lee
Andy
Lee
Lee Jin
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee Min
Andy
Andy
Lee
Andy
Andy
Lee
Lee Min
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Andy
Andy
Lee Eun


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<mask><mask> (born July 7, 1943) is  vice chairman of the First Data Board of Directors. He was the chairman and CEO of Willis Group Holdings (Willis), a New York Stock Exchange-listed insurance broker, until July 2013. The company has 17,000 employees in 400 offices, located in 120 countries. As of June 2010, Willis had the third-highest insurance brokerage revenues in the world. <mask> worked for Citigroup from 1968 to 2000. During that time he held the roles of President and Managing Partner of Shearson Lehman Brothers, President of Smith Barney, Vice Chairman of Travelers, Chairman and CEO of Primerica, and CEO of Citibank, North America. He was appointed Chairman and CEO of Willis in 2000.<mask> is also the co-owner of the Trenton Thunder. The team plays in Samuel J. <mask>, Sr., Field, named after his father. In addition, he funded the construction of Plumeri Park, the stadium of the William & Mary Tribe baseball team. A philanthropist, he has made multimillion-dollar gifts to The College of William & Mary and the Make-a-Wish Foundation. Early life
<mask> is the son of Samuel J<mask>, Sr. (a Trenton city commissioner and local businessman, who died in 1998) and <mask> (who died in 2012). His grandparents immigrated to the United States from Villalba, Sicily. He was raised in North Trenton, New Jersey, in a working-class family.Speaking of his father, he said:  "He never quit, and he always saw the good in everything. He was a dreamer, and because of my father ... I have an affection for people who are passionate." Plumeri attended Trenton Catholic High School and Bordentown Military Institute (1962). He then studied at The College of William & Mary, graduating in 1966 with a B.A. in History and Education. While an undergraduate, he played on the William & Mary Tribe football team (on scholarship as a halfback for Lou Holtz) and baseball team (as a second baseman and outfielder).He was also a member of Pi Kappa Alpha. Upon graduation, he first taught History for two years at Langhorne's Neshaminy High School in Bucks County, in Pennsylvania. There, he also coached football and two other sports. In 1968, he was in the Army Reserve for six months at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. After he was released, he enrolled in New York Law School in 1968, but did not finish before leaving although he was given an Honorary Doctorate of Law from the school in 2015.

Business career
<mask> worked at Citigroup Inc. and its predecessors companies from 1968 until 2000, when he was appointed as Chairman and CEO of Willis. Carter, Berlind & Weill/Shearson Lehman Brothers (1968–93)
While in law school, one afternoon in 1968 he decided to look for part-time employment, and began knocking on doors in the Wall Street area. Entering 55 Broad Street, he looked at the lobby directory and noticed the name Carter, Berlind & Weill.Assuming (incorrectly) that if a firm had three names or more than it must be a law firm, he applied for a job. He decided to take a position with the firm even after he discovered it was not a law firm but a brokerage house. The man he interviewed with was Sandy Weill, a founding partner of Carter, Berlind & Weill who later served as CEO of Citigroup, Inc.  Weill hired the 24-year-old <mask> as a part-time clerk, arranged for a closet to be converted into a tiny office, and mentored him. The two were co-workers for many years, with <mask> as one of Weill's top lieutenants. <mask> said:  "Sandy has been my role model. He's the shrewdest, smartest businessman I've ever seen, and he's also the sweetest." Soon after starting to work at the brokerage firm, <mask> dropped out of law school.The small brokerage ultimately became Shearson, and Weill sold it to American Express in 1981 for stock valued at $930 million  ($ today). By 1985, <mask> was a Senior Executive Vice President and director of national sales and marketing. <mask> became the president & managing partner of Shearson Lehman Brothers in 1990. Smith Barney (1993–94)
In 1993, Weill bought Shearson back from American Express. He paid $1 billion  ($ today), and merged it into its fellow stockbroker Smith Barney. Weill then offered <mask> the presidency of Smith Barney. "That was the most satisfying moment of my life", recalled Plumeri."I cried—as usual—and I remember that Sandy shed a tear, too." That year <mask> became the President of the merged company, and managed the merger. Weill abruptly dismissed <mask> in August 1994. Plumeri noted: "I was so intent on getting the job done, that I eliminated the input of other people. If I'd done better at nurturing relationships, who knows how it would have turned out?" Weill made <mask> a Vice Chairman of Travelers Group Inc. almost immediately thereafter. Primerica Financial Services (1995–99)
<mask> was then made Chairman & CEO of Travelers Group's Primerica Financial Services  division (Primerica), a position he held from 1995 to 1999.In 1997, Plumeri earned at least $3 million ($ today) in compensation. In 1998, Primerica had net income of $398 million (on net sales of $1.65 billion), nearly double its 1994 $209 million net income (on net sales of $1.28 billion). Speaking of his approach in business, Plumeri said:  I am an emotional person with a lot of drive, and that has caused some problems in my career. But I come from the view that you've got to be yourself, for better or worse. And what got me where I am today was my emotion. Citigroup (1999–2000)
Plumeri worked on the amalgamation of Travelers Group and Citicorp after the $70 billion ($ today)  1999 merger of the two to form Citigroup Inc. Following the integration, he was appointed CEO of Citibank, North America by Citigroup co-Chairmen Weill and <mask>.J. Paul Newsome, an analyst with CIBC Oppenheimer, said:  "He's not the spit-and-polish executive many people expected. He's rough on the edges. But Citibank knows the bank as an institution is in trouble—it can't get away anymore with passive selling—and Plumeri has all the passion to throw a glass of cold water on the bank." At this point, Weill and Reed stepped down. As CEO of Citibank N.A., he navigated the unit's earnings from $108 million to $415 million in one year, an increase of nearly 400%. In January 2000, somewhat unexpectedly, Plumeri retired from Citibank. Willis (2000–2013)

The early years
While vacationing in Paris, the Plumeris by chance met Henry Kravis whose leveraged buyout firm, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR), had purchased the Willis Group in 1998 for $1.4 billion.When Kravis asked what he was doing, <mask>'s wife jokingly said:  "Find him a job". Kravis called him two weeks later, and suggested that Plumeri run Willis. Initially, <mask> had no interest in the position. He said:  "I really didn't want the job. I didn't know anything about insurance. I certainly didn't know anything about London. And I didn't know if my act would fly in London, to be honest with you."But the more he examined it the more appealing it became, and Weill advised him that he should definitely take the position. <mask> assumed the post of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer at Willis on October 15, 2000. He replaced <mask>, who retired, and became the company's first non-British CEO and first non-insurance industry CEO. The staid, nearly 200-year-old, tradition-laden British-based company (established in 1828) had just incurred a loss in 1999 of $104 million ($ today). "This is exactly the kind of leadership opportunity I've been looking for to focus the next stage of my career", Plumeri decided. His five-year contract provided for an annual base salary of $1 million, guaranteed bonuses of $1 million annually, further incentive bonuses, and stock options for 5.2 million Willis shares at approximately $2.80 per share. Plumeri pledged to his employees that as long as he was CEO, he would not sell any of his Willis stock.He said:  "Maybe I'd give it to charity, but selling the stock for my own benefit, I think is wrong. I'm supposed to be the chief cheerleader of the company, not only to investors but to my employees, and to exhort them to buy my stock, while I'm selling it, is wrong." He began his Willis career without much background in insurance brokering. Plumeri admitted, "I don't know what I don't know, so I've asked a lot of questions", but noted that "When you are in virgin territory without any baggage, sometimes that is better because you don't have a sense of what you can't do." Changes
On arrival, Plumeri tried to unify the staff and create a sense of teamwork by providing each employee with a lapel pin and requiring them to wear it. The Sunday Times reported that once when Plumeri had a breakfast meeting with two of his executives at a New York hotel, he noticed that one was not wearing his Willis lapel pin. The paper described it as "probably a sacking offense".Thinking quickly, the executive responded:  "I'm sorry, sir. I must have left it on my pyjamas." To bolster enhanced communication and cooperation, he ordered that all office doors remain open (or had them removed, including the door to

masks:
Joseph J
. Plumeri II
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
. Plumeri
Josephine Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
John Reed
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
John Reeve


texts:
 his own office). He lowered the height of the partitions between cubicles. He himself flew about  a year to meet with people, to help build the company. The CEO of the company's global markets division, Grahame J. Millwater, said:  "The sheer dynamism of the individual took us a little bit by surprise. We had a very different management style before."Plumeri observed:

Many companies do not articulate to their employees why they are there. You’ve got to figure out what the home run is. What we are doing here is creating a company whose value grows, and that value is measured by the price of our stock. That's the scoreboard....  Once people understand and buy into the vision, it's amazing what one can do.... If you don’t give people a vision, they don’t enjoy the trip because they don’t know where they are going. To avoid having to reduce the number of staff members that he had inherited, Plumeri chose to move some of them to what he viewed as better-suited roles. At Willis, he has been an outspoken supporter of banning contingent commissions.In June 2001, he brought the company back to public ownership in an IPO, and had it listed on the New York Stock Exchange. At the time, its stock price was $13.50. Within two years, by May 2, 2003, it was $31.27, an increase of 132%. On February 27, 2004, it was at $38.35. For 2002, the company's net income was $210 million. In 2003, it rose to $414 million. By February 2007, he had grown the company at an annual rate of 12% per year.In 2008, <mask> headed Willis' $2.1 billion acquisition of U.S. rival  Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co. (HRH). By August 2008, Willis was worth $4.5 billion. In his first eight years at Willis, the company's net worth doubled, its margins rose from 7% to 32%, and its stock price rose from $3-per-share to $32-per-share. In 2008, he directed the sale of Willis's London headquarters at 10 Trinity Square, relocating to 51 Lime Street, the fourth-tallest building in the City of London. Locals referred to the new headquarters as "Plumeri's Palace". The building incorporates <mask>'s "no-doors" policy, a policy which extends to his own office. In 2009, he struck a deal that led to the 110-story Sears Tower in Chicago, the tallest building in North America, being renamed the Willis Tower, as the company rented  of its office space.He and Mayor Richard Daley unveiled a sign with the new name in a ceremony in July. Plumeri said:  "You can call it anything you want...  you can call it the 'Big Willie' for all I care. As a matter of fact, I wish you would." Plumeri received compensation of $8.1 million in 2007, $19.9 million in 2008, and $10.9 million in 2009 (consisting of a salary of $1 million, bonus of $1.7 million, restricted stock awards of $7.3 million, and other compensation of $.9 million). Willis extended his contract in January 2010 until July 7, 2013. As of March 2010, Plumeri owned 3.8 million shares of the company, representing 2.3%. By 2010, Willis had 17,000 employees in 400 offices located in 120 countries.With regards to his philosophy of life, <mask> said:  "I’m from the school of anything's possible. I’m from the group that says it doesn’t matter where you are from, but that it does matter how big you dream." Post-Willis (2013–present)
On August 19, 2013, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. LP announced <mask>'s appointment as Senior Advisor. Boards
<mask>'s concurrent board responsibilities outside of Willis have included the boards of Telex Communications (from 2000), Commerce Bancorp (from 2003), the Council on Foreign Relations, and the American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters. Now he serves on the boards of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, Jackie Robinson Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Churchill Centre and Museum at the Cabinet War Rooms in London. Sports interests

Plumeri co-owns the Trenton Thunder. The team plays at Samuel J. <mask>, Sr. Field, the 6,341-seat stadium he named after his father in 1999.In 2001, he became the co-owner of another New Jersey minor league baseball team, the Jersey Shore BlueClaws, the High-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies. It is located in Lakewood in Ocean County, on the Jersey Shore. He also invested £100,000 towards a minority interest in the Plymouth Argyle Football Club in the United Kingdom, giving him an indirect ownership interest in the club of less than 1%. He was introduced to the team by its chairman Sir Roy Gardner, who is also on the Willis board. <mask>ri" in TriBeCa with his son <mask>ri Park" is the 1,000-seat baseball facility of the William & Mary Tribe baseball team since 1999, constructed in large part on the basis of a donation by Plumeri in the autumn of 1996. He had it named in honor of his father. In 2008, he provided $2 million to create the Plumeri Awards for Faculty Excellence at William & Mary. He also funded the <mask> J. Plumeri Business Scholarship, the Joseph J. Plumeri Endowment Fund for baseball scholarships for the school, and the W&M/Plumeri Pro-Am Golf Tournament. He donated $2 million to the construction of the "Samuel & Josephine Plumeri Wishing Place", the headquarters of the New Jersey Chapter of the Make-A-Wish Foundation (named in honor of his parents). It was the largest gift ever to the Foundation, nationwide. He also contributed $1 million to the College of St. Rose in Albany, New York, for the development of the school's new Christian Plumeri Sports Complex.It was named in honor of his deceased son. <mask> is a board member of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University (since 1998), Mount Sinai Medical Center, the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, and  Churchill Museum in London. He is a member of William & Mary's governing Board of Visitors, Business School Advisory Board, and Sir Robert Boyle Society, as well as a lifetime member of the President's Council and a trustee emeritus of the William & Mary Endowment Association. Plumeri was also the commencement speaker at the College of Saint Rose in 2006, Richard Bland College of the College of William and Mary in 2008, and the College of William and Mary in 2011. In November 2015, <mask> and his wife Susan donated $5 million to New York Law School to support the creation of the Joe Plumeri Center for Social Justice and Economic Opportunity. Awards
1991 Italian-American Hall of Fame (inducted)
2004 Good Scout Award (Boy Scouts of America)
2004 Award for Special Achievement in Business (the National Italian American Foundation)
2006 Insurance Leader of the Year (St. John's University School of Risk Management)
2006 Humanitarian of the Year (Make-a-Wish Foundation of New Jersey)
2007 Salute Award, in recognition of business achievements and philanthropic activities (the Intrepid Foundation)
2008 National Education & Leadership Award (The Sons of Italy Foundation)
2009 & 2010 Lists of "100 Most Influential People in Finance" (Treasury & Risk magazine)
2010 Business Achievement Award (Beta Gamma Sigma)
2010 Achievement in Industry Award (The Jackie Robinson Foundation)
2011 Honorary Doctor of Public Service from The College of William and Mary
2011 Grand marshal, New York City Columbus Day Parade, Columbus Citizens Foundation
2015 Honorary Doctor of Law, New York Law School
2016 Distinguished Achievement Award, Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity

Family
With then-wife Nancy (née Walton) Plumeri, he raised three children: Christian J. (now deceased), <mask>, and Leslie.He currently lives in New York City. Speaking of his son Christian, who died in November 2008 at age 39 from drug addiction, he said:  "You deal with it, but it's so difficult. I think about it all the time; think about it every day. You always think about what you could have done differently." His brother <mask>, Sr., is a blues guitarist. His brother Samuel J<mask> <mask>., is vice chairman of the New Jersey State Parole Board and chairman the Capital Health Board of Directors. He also served as a Trenton police officer, Mercer County (New Jersey) sheriff, and for a decade was superintendent of Police/Director of Public Safety for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.His nephew <mask> <mask>., is a graduate of Columbia University and leads brand marketing for the Google News Initiative. His mother, <mask>, died on January 20, 2012, at the age of 97. References

External links
Reuters bio
"<mask>ri Live", Interview by Mike Schneider on Venture, Bloomberg, February 6, 2009
"Beyond The Boardroom: <mask>", Interview by <mask> on Plum TV, August 24, 2009
<mask>ri page on Flickr
<mask>ri playlist in YouTube

1943 births
American philanthropists
American people of Italian descent
Bordentown Military Institute alumni
Citigroup people
Living people
New York Law School alumni
People from Far Hills, New Jersey
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Businesspeople from Trenton, New Jersey
The Travelers Companies
William & Mary Tribe baseball players
William & Mary Tribe football

masks:
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumerilume
Jaylume
Joseph
Plumeri
Plumeri
Jay
Paul Plumeri
. Plumeri
Jr
Paul Plumeri
Jr
Josephine Plumeri
Joe Plume
Joe Plumeri
Jonathan Tisch
Joe Plume
Joe Plume


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<mask> (; 23 October 1929 – 17 August 2006) was a Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist. A prolific writer, <mask> produced more than sixty books of poetry collection and is considered a key figure in Bengali literature from the latter half of the 20th century. He was regarded as the unofficial poet laureate of Bangladesh. Major themes in his poetry and writings include liberal humanism, human relations, romanticised rebellion of youth, the emergence of and consequent events in Bangladesh, and opposition to religious fundamentalism. Education
<mask> was born in his grandfather's house 46 no. Mahut-Tuli, Dhaka. His paternal home is situated on the bank of the river Meghna, a village named Paratoli, near the Raipura thana of Narshingdi district.He was the third of thirteen children. He studied at Pogos High School from where he passed matriculation in 1945. Later he took his I.A. as a student of the Dhaka College. <mask> <mask> started writing poetry at the age of eighteen, just after graduating from the Dhaka College. He studied English literature at the Dhaka University for three years but did not take the examination. After a break of three years he got admitted to the B.A.pass course and received his BA in 1953. He also received his MA in the same subject where he stood second in second division. In his leisure after the matriculation, he read the Golpo Guccho of Rabindranath Tagore. He told that this book took him into the extra ordinary world and transformed him into an altogether different personality. In 1949, his poem Unissho Unoponchash was published in Sonar Bangla which was then edited by Nalinikishor Guho. He had a long career as a journalist and served as the editor of a national daily, Dainik Bangla and the Weekly Bichitra in the 1980s. A shy person by nature, he became an outspoken liberal intellectual in the 1990s against religious fundamentalism and reactionary nationalism in Bangladesh.As a consequence, he became a frequent target of the politically conservative as well as Islamists of the country. This culminated in the January 1999 attack on his life by the militant Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami. He survived the attempt. Poetry
<mask> <mask>'s first book of poetry, Prothom Gaan Dwityo Mrittyur Agey (First Song Before the Second Death) was published in 1960. He had to go through the political turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s which also reflected in his poems clearly. He wrote his famous poem Asader Shirt which was written with respect to the mass uprising of 1969 led by Maulana Bhasani. During the Bangladesh Liberation War he wrote a number of poems based on the war.These poems were so inspiring that they were recited at the camps of freedom fighters. Later these poems were published in Bondi Shibir Theke (From Confinement in Enemy Territory) in 1972. Later he continued writing poems in the independent Bangladesh and remained as the poet whose poems reflect the history of the nation. During the historical movement against Ershad he published his book Buk Tar Bangladesher Hridoy indicating the great sacrifice of Nur Hossain. Poetic diction
<mask> <mask> wrote most of his poems in free verse, often with the rhythm style known as Poyaar or Okhshorbritto. It is popularly known that he followed this pattern from poet Jibanananda Das. He also wrote poems in two other major patterns of Bengali rhythmic style, namely, Matrabritto and Shwarobritto.Career in journalism

<mask> <mask> started his professional career as a co-editor in the English daily Morning News in 1957. Later he left this job and went to the Dhaka center of the then Radio Pakistan. But he returned to his own rank at Morning News in 1960 and was there till 1964. After the liberation of Bangladesh he wrote columns in the daily Dainik Bangla. In 1977 he became the editor of this daily. He also jointly worked as the editor of Bichitra, a weekly published since 1973. During the period of President Ershad he got involved with internal turbulence in the Dainik Bangla.A rank 'Chief Editor' was created to take away his position as the top executive and rip him off all executive powers. In 1987 he left the daily as a protest against this injustice. He also worked as the editor of monthly literary magazine Adhuna for two years since 1986. and as the main editor of the weekly Muldhara in 1989. He worked as one of the editors of Kobikantha, an irregular poetry magazine, in 1956. Attempted assassination
On 18 January 1999, Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh tried to assassinate <mask> <mask> in his residence in Shyamali, Dhaka. The attackers tried to decapitate him with an axe and his wife was seriously injured. The attackers were led by Hasan, a student of Dhaka College.He survived the assassination attempt. Charges were filed against seven by  Criminal Investigation Department Assistant Superintendent of Police Abdul Kahhar Akhand on 8 July 1999. On 12 February 2004, the accused assassins were acquitted due to a lack of witness by Dhaka's Chief Metropolitan Magistrates Court. Bangladesh police considered re-opening the case in 2016. Death
His health broke down towards the end of the 1990s and on two occasions he received major cardiac surgery. He died on 17 August 2006 of heart and kidney failure after having been in a coma for 12 days. He was 76.Critical acclaim
Zillur <mask>, a friend and critic, describes <mask> <mask> as one who is "deeply rooted in his own tradition." In his opinion, <mask> <mask> "still soaks the language of our times, transcending the limits of geography. In his range of sympathy, his catholicity, his urgent and immediate relevance for us, <mask> <mask> is second to none." Professor Syed Manzoorul Islam has similar praise for <mask>, "It is true he has built on the ground of the 30s poets, but he has developed the ground, explored into areas they thought too dark for exploration, has added new features to it, landscaped it and in the process left his footprints all over." Azfar Hussain also commends <mask>'s work thus: "[...] he [<mask>] decisively shapes diction in post-Tagorean and post-Jibananandian Bangla poetry. Also, <mask> offers us the kind of poetry that effectively traverses a wide range of middle-class experiences, while making some politically significant inter-class connections in the interest of animating and inspiring broad-based struggles against oppression and injustice, although his perspective remains inflected by a progressive and robust version of liberal humanism." In the year 1983, renowned Bangladeshi writer Humayun Azad wrote a book called Shamsur <mask> : Nisshongo Sherpa (A Lonely Climber) that offered a sustained critical analysis of <mask> <mask>'s poetry.Tribute
On 23 October 2018, <mask> was honoured with a Google Doodle posthumously on his 89th birthday. Literary works

Poetry

Short stories
 <mask> <mask>er Golpo

Novels

Children's literature

Autobiography

Collected columns

Poems in translation

Drama in translation

Others

Awards
 Adamjee Award (1962)
 Bangla Academy Literary Award (1969)
 Ekushey Padak (1977)
 Swadhinata Dibosh Award (1991)
 Mitshubishi Award of Japan (1992)
 Ananda Puroshker from India (1994). TLM South Asian Literature Award for the Masters, 2006. Sample work
His best known poem, arguably, is a poem written in 1971 during the liberation war in Bangladesh. স্বাধীনতা তুমি
স্বাধীনতা তুমি রবি ঠাকুরের অজর কবিতা, অবিনাশী গান
স্বাধীনতা তুমি কাজী নজরুল, ঝাঁকড়া চুলের বাবরি দোলানো মহান পুরুষ
সৃষ্টি সুখের উল্লাশে কাঁপা

Shadhinota Tumi
Shadhinota tumi Robi Ţhakurer ôjor kobita, obinashi gan
Shadhinota tumi Kazi Nozrul, jhakŗa chuler babri dolano môhan purush
srishţi-shukher ullashe kãpa ...

Freedom, You
Freedom, you are the immortal poems and songs of Rabindranath
Freedom, you are Kazi Nazrul, the great man with waving unkempt hair,
raptured in your joy of creation ...

the phrase "srishti-sukher ullase" also refers to one of Nazrul's poems "aaj srishti sukher ullase"

Oh Freedom
Freedom, you’re
The classic verses of Tagore, timeless lyrics. Freedom, you’re
Kazi Nazrul a great man with thick mane...

References

External links
 Library of Congress
 Books of Shamsur Rahman Online
 Three Poems
  A Day with Shamsur Rahman, translated by Faizul Latif Chowdhury
 Translation of his famous Shadhinota
 [http://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/08/26/d608260903110.htm "Yes to Shamsur Rahman, No to Death": An essay by Azfar Hussain

Bangladeshi male poets
Bangladeshi journalists
1929 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from kidney failure
University of Dhaka alumni
Bengali people
Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh
People persecuted by Muslims
Recipients of the Ekushey Padak
Recipients of the Independence Day Award
Recipients of Bangla Academy Award
Recipients of the Ananda Purashkar
20th-century poets
Burials at Banani Graveyard
Dhaka College alumni
20th-century male writers
Recipients of the Adamjee Literary Award
20th-century journalists

masks:
Shamsur Rahman
Rahman
Shamsur Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Rahman Siddiqui
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Rahman
Rahman
Rahman
Rahman
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman
Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman


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<mask> (; 14 November 1828 – 14 May 1923) was a French statesman and four times Prime Minister during the Third Republic. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888–93). He belonged to the Opportunist Republicans faction. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1890, the fourteenth member to occupy a seat in the Académie Française. Biography

Early years
Freycinet was born at Foix (Ariège) of a Protestant family and was the nephew of <mask>, a French navigator. <mask>t was educated at the École Polytechnique. He entered government service as a mining engineer (see X-Mines).In 1858 he was appointed traffic manager to the Compagnie de chemins de fer du Midi, a post in which he showed a remarkable talent for organization, and in 1862 returned to the engineering service, attaining in 1886 the rank of inspector-general. He was sent on several special scientific missions, including one to the United Kingdom, on which he wrote a notable Mémoire sur le travail des femmes et des enfants dans les manufactures de l'Angleterre (1867). Government service

Franco-Prussian War
In July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War started which led to the fall of the Second French Empire of Napoleon III. On the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870, he offered his services to Léon Gambetta, was appointed prefect of the department of Tarn-et-Garonne, and in October became chief of the military cabinet. It was mainly Freycinet's powers of organization which enabled Gambetta to raise army after army to oppose the invading Germans. He revealed himself to be a competent strategist, but the policy of dictating operations to the generals in the field was not attended with happy results. The friction between him and General d'Aurelle <mask> resulted in the loss of the advantage temporarily gained at Coulmiers and Orléans, and he was responsible for the campaign in the east, which ended in the destruction of the Armée de l'Est of <mask> Bourbaki.1871-1888
In 1871 he published a defence of his administration under the title of La Guerre en province pendant le siège de Paris. He entered the Senate in 1876 as a follower of Gambetta, and in December 1877 became Minister of Public Works in the cabinet of Jules Armand Stanislaus Dufaure. He passed a great scheme for the gradual acquisition of the railways by the state and the construction of new lines at a cost of three milliards, and for the development of the canal system at a further cost of one milliard. He retained his post in the ministry of William Henry Waddington, whom he succeeded in December 1879 as Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs. He passed an amnesty for the Communards, but in attempting to steer a middle course (between the Catholics and the anti-clericalists) on the question of the religious associations, he lost Gambetta's support, and resigned in September 1880. In January 1882 he again became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. The reluctance of the French parliament to join Britain in the bombardment of Alexandria was the death-knell of French influence in Egypt.He attempted to compromise by occupying the Isthmus of Suez, but the vote of credit was rejected in the Chamber by 417 votes to 75, and the ministry resigned. He returned to office in April 1885 as Foreign Minister in Henri Brisson's cabinet, and retained that post when, in January 1886, he succeeded to the premiership. He came to power with an ambitious programme of internal reform; but apart from settling the question of the exiled pretenders, his successes were chiefly in the sphere of colonial extension. In spite of his unrivalled skill as a parliamentary tactician, he failed to keep his party together, and was defeated on 3 December 1886. In the following year, after two unsuccessful attempts to construct new ministries, he stood for the Presidency of the Republic; but the radicals, to whom his opportunism was distasteful, turned the scale against him by transferring the votes to Marie François Sadi Carnot. Minister of War
In April 1888 he became Minister of War in <mask>'s cabinet – the first civilian since 1848 to hold that office. His services to France in this capacity were the crowning achievement of his life, and he enjoyed the conspicuous honour of holding his office without a break for five years through as many successive administrations – those of Floquet and Pierre Tirard, his own fourth ministry (March 1890 – February 1892), and the Émile Loubet and Alexandre Ribot ministries.The introduction of the three-years' service and the establishment of a general staff, a supreme council of war, and the army commands were all due to him. His premiership was marked by heated debates on the clerical question, and it was a hostile vote on his bill against the religious associations that caused the fall of his cabinet. He failed to clear himself entirely of complicity in the Panama scandals, and in January 1893 resigned the Ministry of War. In November 1898 he once again became Minister of War in the <mask> cabinet, but resigned office on 6 May 1899. Prime Minister of France

1st Ministry
 <mask> <mask> – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
 Jean Joseph Frédéric Farre – Minister of War
 <mask> – Minister of the Interior and Worship
 Pierre Magnin – Minister of Finance
 Jules Cazot – Minister of Justice
 Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry – Minister of Marine and Colonies
 Jules Ferry – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
 Henri Varroy – Minister of Public Works
 Adolphe Cochery – Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
 Pierre Tirard – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

 Changes
 17 May 1880 – Ernest Constans succeeds Lepère as Minister of the Interior and Worship.

masks:
Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet
Louis de Freycinet
Charles Freycine
de Paladines
Charles Denis
Charles Floquet
Charles Dupuy
Charles de
Freycinet
Charles Lepère


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is an American-born Japanese-American retired professional wrestler and actor best known for his 26 year stint with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). As the leader of NWO Japan, Team 2000 and Black New Japan, he was the promotion's top heel for much of his career, beginning in 1994 when he adopted his Yakuza inspired gimmick. Aside from his work in NJPW, <mask> has also made appearances for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), as a member of the New World Order, as well as occasional appearances in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Osaka Pro Wrestling. Chono holds the record for most wins of the G1 Climax at 5, which has earned him the nicknames  "Mr. August" and "Mr. G1". Overall, he is a two-time world champion, with one reign as IWGP Heavyweight Champion and NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion each. He is also a seven-time IWGP Tag Team Champion. Professional wrestling career

New Japan Pro-Wrestling

Early years (1984–1989)
Chōno debuted in 1984 against Keiji Mutoh at a New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) event in Saitama, Japan.In 1987, he defeated Shinya Hashimoto to win the Young Lions Cup. After winning the tournament, he went on an excursion that started in Europe, wrestling for Otto Wanz's Catch Wrestling Association. After a while in Europe, <mask> went on an excursion to North America, starting in the United States, where he wrestled in NWA territories in the Kansas City and Alabama areas. He would also later wrestle in the Canadian Maritimes and in Puerto Rico, where he, Hashimoto, and Mutoh formed The Three Musketeers. <mask> returned to NJPW part-time in July 1988. He came back to the United States later in October 1988 and teamed with Mike Davis in Continental Championship Wrestling (CCW), by then renamed the Continental Wrestling Federation (CWF), and won that company's tag titles as the Japanese Connection. In April 1989, he took part in the IWGP Heavyweight Championship tournament, held at New Japan's very first show at the Tokyo Dome; he lost to eventual winner of the tournament and new champion Big Van Vader in the quarterfinals.During this time, he would return to the United States and have a brief run in Australia. Rise to superstardom (1989–1994)
Upon <mask>'s return to New Japan in October 1989, on February 10, 1990, he wrestled in the main-event of NJPW's second Tokyo Dome show, teaming with Shinya Hashimoto against Antonio Inoki and Seiji Sakaguchi, on April 27 he won the IWGP Tag Team Championship with Mutoh, and on December 26 he defeated his mentor, wrestling legend Lou Thesz, when Thesz came out of retirement for one last match. The next year, <mask> solidified his main-event status with an amazing performance in the first G1 Climax tournament, winning the tournament in a thirty-minute final over Mutoh. He won the tournament again in 1992, winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in the process. Since then, he has won the tournament on three more occasions. On September 23, 1992, <mask> suffered a serious neck injury from a botched sitdown tombstone piledriver while defending the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Steve Austin. On January 4, 1993, he lost the NWA World title to IWGP Heavyweight champion The Great Muta in a Title vs.Title match. Around 1993, he participated in his third G1 Climax tournament, losing to Hiroshi Hase in the semi-finals. In January 1994, he received a shot at the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Shinya Hashimoto, though he would ultimately lose the match. In August 1994, he won his third G1 Climax tournament, defeating Power Warrior in the finals. nWo Japan and Team 2000 (1994–2004)
A short time after winning his third G1 Climax, <mask> underwent a change in attitude. Originally a clean-cut fan favorite during his NWA World title reign, he turned heel, angered that Power Warrior received a shot at the IWGP Heavyweight Championship before him, as he won the tournament. He also changed his image and adopted a yakuza gimmick, complete with sunglasses, menacing mannerisms and black coats and tights.<mask>'s partnering with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito as "Team Wolf" provided a foundation to NJPW's nWo Japan. Establishing himself as leader of its Japanese sister stable, <mask> joined the American nWo in December 1996 as it was gaining momentum in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He would also join its successor, Team 2000, which would eventually restructure again. In a match against WCW's Bill Goldberg, <mask> supposedly "shot" the match (actually employing legitimate combat) and dislocated his shoulder. Upon returning to Japan, <mask> rejoined NJPW, where he achieved much success. He won the IWGP Tag Team Titles on six occasions and also won the very prestigious IWGP Heavyweight Title in 1998. In 2002, <mask> won his fourth G1 Climax tournament and had a brief, memorable feud with WWE's Chyna.He also became a booker for NJPW around this time. In 2003, <mask> briefly joined Pro Wrestling NOAH for a handful of matches and was defeated by GHC Champion Kenta Kobashi on 2 May of that year. On October 13, he lost to Hulk Hogan. Black New Japan and ChoTen (2004–2007)
In early 2004, <mask> became the leader of the Black New Japan stable, which was the most dominating heel stable in NJPW until it was disbanded by Riki Choshu. As a reaction to this, <mask> lead an "Anti-Choshu Army" with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Black Strong Machine. Chono won the 2005 G1 Climax tournament, thus having achieved a record-setting five G1 victories. His success in the G1 has given him the nickname Mr. August.On October 30, 2005, <mask> <mask> and Tenzan defeated the team of Shinsuke Nakamura and Hiroshi Tanahashi to win their fifth IWGP Tag Team Championship. The team went on to rename themselves Cho-Ten, a portmanteau of the members' names. They were stripped of the titles in late 2006 after they split up, and refused to defend them together. <mask> <mask> formed a stable with Shinsuke Nakamura in 2006 called Chono and Nakamura-gun, which began feuding with Tenzan's new group, GBH. Legend (2007–2010)

<mask> continued to wrestle full-time in 2007, but also began working as a promoter, with New Japan permitting him to set up cards in different areas of Japan. Following the 2007 G1 Climax, it appears that <mask> may be breaking away from his BLACK faction and formed the Legend stable, having sworn in wrestlers such as Riki Choshu, Jyushin Thunder Liger, Shiro Koshinaka, and AKIRA. Outside wrestling, <mask> began appearing on Gaki no Tsukai's "No Laughing Batsu Game" as one of the attackers, usually giving Hōsei Tsukitei a slap to the face.In January 2010 it was reported that <mask> would be leaving New Japan and becoming a freelancer, after spending most of his career with the company. Freelancer (2010–2013)
In March 2010, <mask> portrayed Nobunaga Oda in two matches during a Samurai Festival after leaving New Japan. Chono wrestled AKIRA, who portrayed Mitsuhide Akechi, on both days, winning the first match and losing the second. On August 15, 2010, <mask> returned to New Japan to serve as the special ring announcer for the G1 Climax final match between Hiroshi Tanahashi and Satoshi Kojima. On November 5 and 6, Chono appeared in a series of shows in Taiwan for All Japan. On November 5, <mask> and Mutoh defeated the Voodoo Murders (TARU and Rene Dupree). The following day, Chono teamed with Mutoh and Masakatsu Funaki to defeat the Voodoo Murders (Dupree, KENSO, and Joe Doering).In December 2010, <mask> began working for Antonio Inoki's Inoki Genome Federation as a booker. On March 6, 2011, <mask> entered Pro Wrestling ZERO1 for their 10th Anniversary Show, where he defeated Daichi Hashimoto in his debut match. On April 17, 2011, <mask> wrestled for Osaka Pro, where he teamed with Kuuga and Orochi in a losing effort against Shodai Tiger Mask, Billyken Kid, and Tsubasa. On August 14, 2011, <mask> returned to Osaka Pro, teaming with TAJIRI and Zeus in a victory over JOKER (Kuuga, Orochi, and Tadasuke). On October 3, 2011, <mask> returned to NJPW for a Team Wolf reunion match, teaming with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito to defeat Osamu Nishimura, Koji Kanemoto, and Shinjiro Otani. All Japan Pro Wrestling (2013–2014)
In January 2013, <mask> signed with All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) as an advisor. On August 25, 2013, <mask> teamed with Joe Doering and defeated KENSO and AJPW President Nobuo Shiraishi in an exhibition tag team match.<mask> left AJPW in 2014. Return to freelancing (2014)
Since leaving AJPW, <mask> has become a freelancer. His last match on record was on April 13, 2014, for Dotonbori Pro Wrestling, teaming with Daisuke Masaoka and Hayata in a loss to Super Delfin, HUB, and Gran Hamada. Personal life
On December 28, 1991, <mask> married Martina Carlsbad, whom he met while on an excursion in Germany in 1987. Together they have one son (born July 4, 2006) and one daughter (born August 2009). In late-June 1995, <mask>'s father died. His death forced <mask> to miss an IWGP Tag Team title defense and take a hiatus, which forced him and Hiroyoshi Tenzan to vacate the title on July 7, 1995.Other media
<mask> appears as a gang member in the 2017 video game Yakuza Kiwami 2, alongside Genichiro Tenryu, Keiji Mutoh, Riki Choshu and Tatsumi Fujinami. Besides appearing in numerous TV shows, he was the voice actor in the Japanese dubbed version of Blade 3 for Grimwood. 28 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 1997
 PWI ranked him No. 70 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
Tokyo Sports
 Fighting Spirit Award (1991, 2002)
 Outstanding Performance Award (1992)
 Tag Team of the Year (1990)- with Keiji Mutoh
 Tag Team of the Year (1995)- with Hiroyoshi Tenzan
 Tag Team of the Year (1996)- with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito
 Wrestler of the Year (1997)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
 Best Heel (1995)
 Best Gimmick (1996) – nWo
 Feud of the Year (1996) New World Order vs. World Championship Wrestling
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (1992) vs. Rick Rude at Halloween Havoc
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2004)

References

External links

 Biography
 Biographical information
 Aristrist clothing

1963 births
IWGP Heavyweight champions
Japanese male professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
Professional wrestlers from Washington (state)
Sportspeople from Seattle
Sportspeople from Tokyo Metropolis
People from Mitaka, Tokyo
The New World Order (professional wrestling) members
Japanese male video game actors
American male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
American male voice actors

masks: Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Masahiro Chono Masahiro Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono


texts:
<mask> (April 3, 1837 in Toulon, France - August 31, 1912 in Paris) was a French anarchist pedagogue, known in particular for having developed integral education at the orphanage in Cempuis. He was the most significant figure of the French Neo-Malthusianism movement. <mask> was born in Toulon into a bourgeois, Catholic and patriotic family. A pupil of the École normale supérieure in Paris, he passed his bachelor's degrees in mathematics and physical sciences; he becomes a Darwinist and an atheist. He was briefly a high school teacher (1861 - 1865), but came into conflict with his administration on matters of popular education, for which he had a keen interest. In 1865, he left for Belgium where he established contacts with activists of the International Workers' Association, helped create the Belgian section of the AIT and was expelled for having participated in the movement supporting a strike. He retired to Switzerland, then to France (where he was imprisoned in July 1870), and finally to England.In London, where he frequented the militants of the International; he was a member of the General Council of the International for a time, but quickly broke with the “authoritarian” and Marx to take the side of Mikhail Bakunin, whose anarchist ideas he shared. During his voluntary exile, he gave lessons. In 1879, he returned to France as an inspector of primary education appointed by Ferdinand Buisson, director of primary education to Minister Jules Ferry. <mask> had previously collaborated on the Ferdinand Buisson Dictionary of Pedagogy. Thanks to Buisson, who gave him constant support, <mask> was placed at the head, from 1880 to 1894, of the Prévost Orphanage, in Cempuis (Oise). In this establishment which depends on the general council of the Seine, he put into practice, on a significant number of children, the theories on integral education which he formulated from 1869 to 1870. This education, which is intended to give children from disadvantaged classes the means to access education, is characterized, in addition to its atheism and internationalism, by the concern to harmoniously develop the individual as a whole.<mask>'s teaching was based upon observation, development of the artistic direction of the child and taking into account the children's desires. Co-education was the rule, and the children were taken along for two months to the sea each summer, etc. Physical, manual and intellectual education were complemented with 19 different workshops which provided them at least one complete formation of a trade occupation (a bakery, printing works, photography, masonry, etc.). These workshops also provided the school a certain financial autonomy. <mask>'s educational methods, too revolutionary for their time, resulted in his expulsion from Cempuis on August 31, 1894, following a very virulent press campaign waged against him by the Free Word. Octave Mirbeau then took up his defense and denounced the liberticide collusion between Cartouche (the corrupt republican politicians) and Loyola (the retrograde Catholic Church). In 1896, <mask> founded the League for Human Regeneration.At its head, he introduced into France the neo-Malthusian principles he had discovered in England and tirelessly campaigned to disseminate the means of birth control among the working class. He saw “parental caution” as a means of emancipation for the poorest and particularly women. He also developed certain eugenic aspects - a theory which was widespread at the time in medical circles. He published numerous neo-Malthusian propaganda brochures. He worked for a time with Eugene Humbert, with whom he eventually had a falling-out. Feeling his strength and his faculties decline, <mask> took his own life in 1912. Positivist to the end, he studied the progress of the effect of the poison on himself.But <mask>'s legacy at Cempuis was not lost, and he had a tremendous influence on two other great anarchist pedagogues: Francisco Ferrer and Sébastien Faure. Bibliography
 Christiane Demeulenaere-Douyère
 <mask>. Un militant de la liberté et du bonheur, Paris, Publisud, 1994. <mask> et l’éducation intégrale : principes et expérimentation, exposé présenté aux Rencontres de Bieuzy, 1999, en hommage à Francisco Ferrer.Un précurseur de la mixité : <mask> et la coéducation des sexes, in Coéducation et mixité, CLIO, Histoire, Femmes et Sociétés, 2003, 18, p. 125-132 full text.Buisson et l’Orphelinat Prévost de Cempuis, in Fondateur de la laïcité, militant de la paix, Actes du colloque commémorant le 70e anniversaire de la disparition de Ferdinand Buisson, Grandvilliers, Oise (September 2002), Amiens, CRDP, 2004, p.89-96.Cempuis ou l’éducation libertaire aux champs (1880-1894), A. Baubérot et Fl. Bourillon (dir. ), Urbaphobie. La détestation de la ville aux XIXe et XXe siècles, Conseil général du Val-de-Marne-CRHEC-Éditions Bière, 2009, p.183-194 full text.Cempuis.Un idéal d’éducation libertaire, Barricade, n° 4, (February 2012), p. 32-34. Nathalie Brémand
 <mask> et son expérience à l’orphelinat de Cempuis (1880-1894), in L’affaire Ferrer : les expériences libertaires en France en matière d'éducation au début du siècle,  Actes du colloque organisé à Castres le (October 14, 1989), sous la direction de Madeleine Rebérioux, Centre national et musée Jean Jaurès, Castres, 1991, p. 49-62. Cempuis : une expérience d'éducation libertaire à l'époque de Jules Ferry, 1880-1894, Paris, Éditions du Monde libertaire, 1992, online extracts. Federico Ferretti, “The spatiality of geography teaching and cultures of alternative education: the ‘intuitive geographies’ of the anarchist school in Cempuis (1880-1894)”, Cultural Geographies, 2016, online. B. Lechevalier, <mask>, in Quinze pédagogues, Paris, Armand Colin, 1997. M. Dommanget, <mask>, in Les grands socialistes et l'éducation, Armand Colin (Coll. U).Jeanne Humbert, Une grande figure, <mask>, 1837-1912, La Ruche ouvrière, 1967. G. Giroud, <mask>, sa vie, ses idées, son action, Paris, 1937. <mask>, Manifiesto a los partidarios de la educacion integral: (un antecedente de la escuela moderna), J.J. de Olaneta, 1981. Léo Campion, Le Drapeau noir, l'Équerre et le Compas : les Maillons libertaires de la Chaîne d'Union, Éditions Alternative libertaire, 1996, read online, pdf. Aristide Delannoy, Victor Méric, <mask>, Les Hommes du jour, n°102, (January 1, 1910), texte intégral. Martine BRUNET-GIRY, Ferdinand Buisson et les socialistes libertaires'', Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Clamecy, 2014, 285 p.

1837 births
1912 deaths
19th-century French educators
French anarchists
French feminists
Members of the International Workingmen's Association
Male feminists
Anarcha-feminists
1912 suicides
Suicides by poison
Suicides in France

masks:
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Robin
Paul Robin
Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin