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<mask> (July 3, 1903 – March 11, 1986) was an American lawyer and jurist best known for his tenure as a circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Education and career

Born in Elmira, New York, <mask> received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Harvard College in 1923. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1927. On June 23, 1927, The Harvard Crimson reported that <mask> was the first Harvard Law graduate to receive a degree summa cum laude. Felix Frankfurter, as a professor at Harvard Law School, sent his student <mask> to work as a law clerk for Justice Louis Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court, where he served from 1927 to 1928. He was in practice of law in New York City, New York from 1928 to 1959. He was a founding partner of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, where his law partners included George W. Ball and Melvin Steen.He was vice president and general counsel of Pan American World Airways in New York City from 1946 to 1959. Federal judicial service

<mask> was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on March 10, 1959, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Harold Medina. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 9, 1959, and received his commission on September 10, 1959. He served as chief judge and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1971 to 1973. He assumed senior status on April 15, 1974. He was a judge of the Special Railroad Court from 1974 to 1986, serving as presiding judge from 1974 to 1986. His service was terminated on March 11, 1986, due to his death.Death
<mask> died by suicide at age 82 on March 11, 1986, in his Park Avenue apartment in New York City. Police said they found five notes in the apartment, one addressed to his resident maid and two unaddressed notes and two with drawings of his favorite childhood character. In all three notes, <mask> talked about his distress at his wife's death, his declining health and his failing eyesight, according to a police spokesman. His wife, the former Sophie M. Stern, had died a year earlier. They had been married for 55 years. He was survived by a son and two daughters. Legacy

In a ceremony following <mask>'s death, then-Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger said, "In my 30 years on the bench, I have never known a judge more qualified to sit on the Supreme Court."At the same ceremony, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall called <mask> "a man of the law." In a letter to the editor of The New York Times following <mask>'s obituary, 2nd Circuit Judge Jon O. Newman called <mask> "quite simply the pre-eminent appellate judge of his era" who "authored the definitive opinions for the nation in each area of the law that he had occasion to consider." In a statement after <mask>'s death, Judge Wilfred Feinberg, the 2nd Circuit's chief judge at the time, called <mask> "one of the greatest Federal judges in the history of the Federal bench." United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Judge Richard A. Posner described <mask> as "the most distinguished judge in this country during his years on the bench." Sterling Yale Law Professor Akhil Amar called him the greatest American judge (although not Justice) of the 20th century. Amar also cited <mask> as a major influence on Chief Justice John Roberts. Honors

Harvard Law School has a professorship named after <mask>.Paul C. Weiler, a Canadian constitutional law scholar, held it from 1993 to 2006; William J. Stuntz, a scholar of criminal law and procedure, held it from 2006 until his death in March 2011. The professorship is currently held by Carol S. Steiker, a specialist in criminal justice policy and capital punishment. The Federal Bar Council awarded <mask> a Certificate of Distinguished Judicial Service posthumously in 1986. The American Law Institute has an award named in memory of <mask> and endowed by his former law clerks.

masks:
Henry Jacob Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly


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<mask> (born April 12, 1983) is an American community activist and politician. He was a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 49th District, including northern Orange County and the main campus of the University of Central Florida, from 2012 to 2014. <mask> was born in Fort Lauderdale and attended the University of Central Florida, from which he graduated with a degree in political science in 2005. While in his undergraduate career, he was active on campus, serving as the President of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Student Union and the co-chair of the UCF Progressive Council. Upon graduation, <mask> took a job as a field organizer with Equality Florida, an LGBT rights organizations. From 2005 - 2015 <mask> held senior level positions at the organization including Statewide Field Director, Director of Civic Engagement and program director of Equality Means Business, the country's first state-level corporate equality coalition. Florida House of Representatives
Following the reconfiguration of state legislative districts in 2012, the 49th District was created, centered around the University of Central Florida campus, and <mask> ran in the open seat.In the Democratic primary, he easily defeated Shayan Elahi, winning the nomination of his party with 65% of the vote. Advancing to the general election, <mask> faced Marco Peña, a development officer for Florida Hospital and the Republican nominee. During the campaign, the Republican Party of Florida targeted the district, referring to <mask> as "Special Interest <mask>" due to his work with Equality Florida and claiming that he was "new to the neighborhood," to which <mask> responded by noting that "he has lived in Orlando for more than a decade and attended UCF at the same time as Peña." The Orlando Sentinel endorsed Peña over <mask>, noting that voters had to choose between "two smart, successful candidates" and praising <mask> as a candidate who "knows state issues and has good ideas about many of them," but eventually recommending Peña. In the end, <mask> defeated Peña by a fairly wide margin, winning his first term in the legislature with 56% of the vote. Along with fellow State Representative David Richardson, <mask> is the first openly gay member of the Florida state legislature. As a freshman legislator, in 2012 <mask> was tapped to serve in leadership as a Deputy Whip for the House Democratic Caucus.In 2013 <mask> achieved an additional milestone when Democratic leadership selected him to serve as the ranking Democratic member of the House Choice and Innovation Education Subcommittee - the only freshman Democrat to serve as a ranking committee leader in the 2012-2014 term. In his first and only term, <mask> would emerge as a leading advocate for public education and a harsh critic of policies that divert public school dollars into private or for-profit schools like vouchers and charter schools <mask> would eventually receive numerous awards and recognitions for his work in early childhood education, K-12 education and higher education policy including leadership awards from the Florida Alliance for Arts Education, a "Freshman Lawmaker of the Year" award from the Florida Education Association and the 2014 Leadership Award from the Florida Association of Early Learning Coalitions for his work to update the health and safety standards of early childhood education providers. 2014 election
In November 2014, Democrats suffered a wave of losses in Central Florida. In a surprise upset, <mask> was narrowly defeated in his reelection campaign by Republican activist and local high school track Rene "Coach P" Plasencia. Plasencia earned 19,119 votes to 18,405 for <mask>, taking the seat by a 714-vote margin and 51% of the voting electorate. Post-office
In December 2014, <mask> joined the staff of the Human Rights Campaign, the country's largest LGBTQ rights group, as the Southern Regional Field Director. In this role, he managed the legislative and electoral programs in 14 Southern and Midwest states.In 2016, politicians in North Carolina's state capitol passed the notoriously anti-LGBTQ legislation House Bill 2. Deemed the "bathroom bill" the legislation was perceived by LGBTQ rights activists as a direct attack on North Carolina's transgender community which also repealed local nondiscrimination ordinances banning discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. <mask> emerged as a leading advocate to repeal the law. As the Campaign Manager for TurnOut North Carolina, <mask> helped to lead the legislative and then electoral effort that has been credited with unseating incumbent North Carolina Governor Pat McCrory - the only U.S. Governor lose re-election in 2016. In 2017, following the Brexit referendum, United Kingdom Prime Minister Teresa May called a snap election for all seats in the United Kingdom's Parliament. In May 2017, <mask> joined the campaign of openly gay Liberal Democrat and former Minister of State Sir Simon Hughes.A former member of Parliament for over twenty years, Hughes had lost reelection to the South Central London seat in 2015 by Labour party activist Neil Coyle. <mask> joined the Hughes campaign as Director of GOTV Programs in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to unseat Coyle. <mask> currently serves as the Senior Political Director of Equality Florida where he manages the organization's legislative, civic engagement and electoral programs. Since returning to Equality Florida he's helped support or held campaign positions in high-profile campaigns including the re-election campaign of St. Peterburg Mayor Rick Kriseman, the historic election of Fort Lauderdale's first LGBTQ Mayor Dean Trantalis, the successful effort to unseat anti-LGBTQ incumbent Florida State Senator Daphne Campbell and Anna Eskamani's 2018 campaign for Florida House District 47. References

External links
Florida House of Representatives - <mask>

Members of the Florida House of Representatives
Living people
Politicians from Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Florida Democrats
University of Central Florida alumni
LGBT state legislators in Florida
21st-century American politicians
Gay politicians
1983 births

masks:
Joe Saunders
History Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Joe
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Joe Saunders


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<mask> (born 25 May 1957), popularly known as M. G<mask>, or simply <mask>, is an Indian playback singer, composer, music producer, television presenter and film producer, who works predominantly in Malayalam cinema. He has sung more than 35,000 songs in 5+ Indian languages  including Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi,Sanskrit  languages etc . He owns a music company named KMG Musics and also Saregama School of Music in Thiruvananthapuram. Sreekumar has won several awards, including two National Film Awards, three Kerala State Film Awards and 5 Filmfare Awards South. He was also honoured with the Harivarasanam Award by the Government of Kerala in 2016. He singing together spanning over 44 years. Career
<mask> made his debut in the Malayalam movie Coolie (1983) Directed by Ashok Kumar.The Malayalam movie Chithram (1988) directed by Priyadarshan, starring <mask>, was the first where <mask> sang all the songs. He has sung more than 35,000 songs for films in Malayalam, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada and Telugu. He worked as music director in Malayalam films such as Chathurangam (2002) and Thandavam (2002),  Priyadarshan's Kanchivaram (2008), <mask>'s Alexander the Great and Oru Naal Varum. He anchored a TV show named SaReGaMa on Asianet and was a judge for the reality show Idea Star Singer. Now he is a judge in Top Singer on Flowers TV. His appointment as chairman of Kerala Sangeeta Nataka Akademi by the LDF government of Kerala sparked controversy due to his close relations with its political rival BJP. Personal life
<mask> was born on May 25, 1957 at Haripad, in Alappuzha district, Kerala as the younger son of music composer and harmonist <mask> <mask> Nair and Harikatha exponent Kamalakshi Amma.He is the younger brother of popular music director M. G. Radhakrishnan and popular Carnatic musician Dr. K. Omanakkutty, who were both much elder to him. <mask> and Lekha, his future wife, first saw each other in 1988 at Thycaud Dharma Sastha Temple, Thiruvananthapuram, but they met each other only few days later after a concert. Gradually, they developed friendship and later began living together. <mask> and Lekha married on 14 January 2000 at the Mookambika Temple, Kollur. Majority of his songs are written by Rajeev Alunkal and <mask> Puthenchery.

masks:
Malabar Gopalan Nair Sreekumar
. Sreekumar
Sreekumar
Sreekumar
Mohanlal
Sreekumar
Mohanlal
Sreekumar
Malabar
Gopalan
Sreekumar
Sreekumar
Gireesh


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<mask> (1751–1820) was an English journalist and playwright, who publicized the Wold Cottage meteorite which fell on his property. Education and military career
He was the son of <mask>, LL.D. (d. 15 October 1770), Master of Faculties and judge of the Prerogative Court in York, whose feud with Dean Fountayne was lampooned by Laurence Sterne in The History of a Warm Watch Coat. <mask> was educated at Eton College under Dr. John Foster (1731–1774), and remained there for eleven years. While at school  he dabbled in poetry and was one of the leaders in the rebellion against Foster's rule. He was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge, as pensioner on 22 April 1767, and as fellow-commoner on 23 October 1769, but he left without taking a degree. On leaving the university, <mask> travelled on the continent and spent six months in Scotland, publishing on his return in 1776 a volume of Letters from Edinburgh, 1774 and 1775, containing some Observations on the Diversions, Customs, Manners, and Laws of the Scotch Nation.He next came to London and purchased a commission in the First Regiment of Lifeguards. By 1777, he was "cornet of King George III's second Troop of Horse-guards", and for about seven years he was the adjutant. He brought his regiment to a high state of efficiency, for which he received the thanks of the King and figured in the press as "the tip-top adjutant". In 1803, he was made a Captain in The Yorkshire Wolds Gentlemen and Yeomanry Cavalry. Fashionable society
<mask> soon became known in London's fashionable society for his original style of dress and the ease and elegance of his manners. His personal and sartorial peculiarities were copied by his friend Frederic Reynolds to enliven the characters in his comedies. Meanwhile, <mask>'s talent as a writer of prologues and epilogues introduced him to the leading actors of the day, and led to his first appearance as a playwright.An epilogue, spoken by Charles Lee Lewes in imitation of a Molière character, filled Drury Lane for several nights. Another, on a recent tragedy, spoken by Miss Farren, was equally popular. He wrote an epilogue for the benefit of Mary Wells, and their friendship soon became intimate. They lived together for several years, and four children resulted from the union. The plays produced by <mask> during this period of his life were:
Deaf Indeed, acted at Drury Lane in December 1780, but not printed; called a "stupid and indecent" farce. The Fool, a farce in two acts, performed at Covent Garden, and printed in 1786, with a dedication to Mrs. Wells, owing to whose admirable portrayal of "Laura" it was well received. Small Talk, or the Westminster Boy, a farce, acted at Covent Garden for the benefit of Mrs. Wells on 11 May 1786, but not printed.The Westminster Boys resented this production and came to the theatre in force to prevent it from being heard. Bonds without Judgment, or the Loves of Bengal, acted for four nights at Covent Garden in May 1787, but not printed. Journalism
A daily paper called The World was established by <mask> (partly with the object of promoting Mary Wells) on 1 January 1787. Two of his principal colleagues in its direction were Miles Peter Andrews and the Rev. Charles Este (died London 1828) Charles Este. John Bell, the publisher, had a share in the management. Its "unqualified and audacious attacks on all private characters" were at the start "smiled at for their quaintness, then tolerated for their absurdity", and ultimately repudiated with disgust.In it appeared accounts of "elopements, divorces, and suicides, tricked out in all the elegancies of Mr. <mask>'s phraseology". It was in this paper that the fantastic productions of the Della Cruscans, a small set of English poetasters dwelling for the most part at Florence, made their appearance. <mask> contributed articles under the title of The Schools, in which he gave reminiscences of many of his companions at Eton, and his Life of the Late John Elwes (1790) made its first appearance in its columns. This memoir of the miser (sometimes credited with being the inspiration for Ebenezer Scrooge) passed through six editions during 1790, and in 1805 reached a twelfth edition, "corrected and enlarged, and with a new appendix". A German translation was published at Danzig in 1791. Horace Walpole considered it "one of the most amusing anecdotal books in the English language". It is said to have raised the sale of The World by a thousand copies a day; but an even better hit was made by the correspondence between the rival pugilists Richard Humphries and Daniel Mendoza.Charges of libel
When George Nassau Clavering, Third Earl Cowper, died in Florence on 22 December 1789, his character was assailed with virulence in The World. <mask> was indicted for libel, and the case was tried before Buller, who pronounced the articles to have been published with intent to throw scandal on the peer's family and as tending to a breach of the peace. The proprietor was found guilty. Counsel moved for an arrest of judgment on the ground of the misdirection of the judge to the jury. It was argued at great length before the Court of King's Bench, and after a protracted delay Kenyon delivered on 29 January 1791 the judgment of the court in favour of <mask> (Charles Durnford and <mask>, Reports of Cases..., iv. 126–30). By the autumn of 1790, he and Este had separated in anger.The latter had acquired a fourth share in the paper, but had surrendered it from 25 December 1788, conditionally, on the payment of an annuity to him. <mask> claimed that its payment was dependent on the existence of the paper, and Este thereupon "opened a literary battery against him in the Oracle". The printed letters are appended to a copy of Este's My Own Life at the British Museum. Retirement
After five years, <mask> disposed of his paper, abandoned Mary Wells for someone else, and retired with his three surviving daughters to Wold Cottage, about two miles from Thwing, East Riding of Yorkshire. It was rumoured that he intended to spend the rest of his days in farming some hundreds of acres of land and in writing the history of his own life. His kennels were considered the best in England, and his greyhound "Snowball" was praised as "one of the best and fleetest greyhounds that ever ran", and "his breed all most excellent". In 1801, he was offering a reward of Five Guineas on conviction of those poaching hares.The meteorite
While <mask> was living at Wold Cottage, a meteoric stone fell at around three o'clock on the afternoon of Sunday, 13 December 1795, within two fields of his house. In a letter dated 8 February 1796 and published in the press he states it fell on Sunday  20th December and immediately on being dug up, warm and smoking, weighed 3 stone 13 pounds, it had buried itself through 12 inches of soil and in six inches of solid chalk rock. Part of it was exhibited at the museum of James Sowerby, London, and is now in the Natural History Museum, London. <mask> published An Account of it in 1798, and in 1799 erected a column on the spot. The stone was "in breadth 28 inches, in length 36 inches, and its weight was 56 pounds"

The Life of John Elwes, Esq., M.P. For Berkshire, by <mask>, Esq. late Captain in the Horse Guards (11th Ed), was published in 1815.<mask> died in Doncaster on 26 April 1820, aged 68. He was for many years an acting magistrate for the North and East Ridings. He had three daughters, who were reckoned "the best horsewomen in Yorkshire". References

Attribution

1751 births
1820 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge

British male journalists
English male dramatists and playwrights
People from York

masks:
Edward Topham
Francis Topham
Edward
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Edward East
Topham
Topham
Topham
Topham
Edward Topham
Topham


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<mask>  <mask> (17 March 1852 – 5 October 1913) was an  Irish Catholic priest, author and political activist. He was usually known as <mask> after his 1903 appointment as a canon of the diocese of Cloyne, or more fully as <mask> of Doneraile, after the town of Doneraile where he wrote almost all of his major works and served as parish priest. Early life
<mask> was born on St Patrick's Day, 1852, at 29 New Street in Mallow in the north of County Cork. Third eldest of five children born to <mask>, owner of a small business, and to Joanna Regan, he was baptised by The Very Reverend Dr. John McCarthy, the sponsors being Timothy Cronin and Mary Ann Relehan. As a child, <mask> was fair-haired and delicate with "large wistful blue eyes". He was described as "a bit of a dreamer, and when other lads were shouting at play, he went alone to some copse or thicket, and with a book, or more often without one, would sit and think, and look dreamily at floating clouds or running stream; and then, with a sigh go back to his desk". <mask>'s father died on 13 July 1863 and his mother died on 6 February 1864.Following the loss of his parents, together with his three surviving siblings, he became the ward of the Parish Priest of Mallow, Dr. John McCarthy who later became Bishop of Cloyne. Responsibility for the <mask> household devolved on his older sisters Hannah and Margaret. When <mask> and his brother Denis (1854–1941), who subsequently joined the Civil Service, had been despatched to secondary school, his sisters entered the Convent of Mercy in Mallow. <mask> made religious profession, as Sr. <mask>, on her death-bed before completion of her novitiate. She died on 7 November 1868. <mask> was professed as Sr. Mary Stanislaus, and became Mistress of Schools at Mallow Convent but died young on 17 December 1871. John, the youngest of the family, died at the age of five.In his Under the Cedars and the Stars <mask> wrote of his childhood: "Strange I never felt the proximity of father and mother. But of my sisters, one in particular, the only dark-haired in the family, has haunted me through life. I no more doubt of her presence and her light touch on the issues of my life, than I doubt of the breath of wind that flutters the tassel of the biretta on my head. Yet what is strange is not her nearness but her farness". Early education was received in the Long Room National School in Mallow. Of the school master he later wrote: "His range of attainments was limited, but what he knew he knew well, and could impart it to his pupils. He did his duty conscientiously by constant, unremitting care, and he emphasized his teaching by frequent appeals to the ferule".One of his classmates there was the journalist and parliamentarian, William O'Brien M.P., with whom he was to ally himself in later years. He completed secondary education in St Colman's College, Fermoy, at a time which coincided with the Fenian Rising, the events of which were to have a profound effect on him. He returned to the theme of violent insurrection in several of his novels, most notably The Graves at Kilmorna, recounting Fenian incidents witnessed by him while a student in Fermoy. Maynooth years

After St Colman's, he passed through "the sphinx-guarded gates", as he called them, of St. Patrick's College Maynooth College in County Kildare on 25 August 1869, to prepared for the priesthood. Although he never shone in the spartan Maynooth regime, he was a brilliant student who, despite recurring illness, succeeded in completing his studies a year before he was old enough to be ordained. Transferred by his guardian, Bishop John McCarthy of Cloyne, to the seminary of the Vincentian Fathers in Sundayswell in Cork, he was ordained to the priesthood in the Cathedral of St. Mary and St. Anne at Cork, on Sunday, 18 April 1875 by Bishop William Delany. It is believed that he celebrated his first Mass in the chapel of the Convent of Mercy in Mallow.In his essay "The Irish Priesthood and Politics" <mask> gives a succinct description of his time in Maynooth: "I remember well that the impression made upon me by Maynooth College then, and afterwards, when I saw its long, stone corridors, its immense bare stony halls, the huge massive tables etc., was one of rude Cyclopean strength, without one single aspect or feature of refinement. So too with its studies. Rentless logic, with its formidable chevaux-de-frise of syllogisms, propositions, scholia; Metaphysics, sublime, but hardened into slabs of theories, congealed in medieval Latin; Physics, embracing a course that would have appalled a young Newton or Kepler; and then the vast shadow of four years' Divinity towering above and over-shadowing all!". The Maynooth literature course was hardly any better:  "The Graces were nowhere! Even in the English literature or Belles-Lettres class, as it was called, the course seemed to be limited to hard grinding Grammar, and nothing more. During the first semestre, a few lectures were given on literature. All I can ever remember of that period were the words 'Lake Poets', which the good professor was forever repeating".In January 1870, Fr. O'Rourke, the Professor of French and English, whom <mask> describes as a "very gentle, polished man", was obliged to leave the College and go abroad for health reasons. He was replaced by Fr. James J. Murphy (1841-1875), a young priest of the archdiocese of Dublin, who was then just finishing his postgraduate research on the Dunboyne Establishment. <mask> regarded him as "one of the most remarkable, if not one of the most distinguished, students that ever passed through Maynooth". To the "young hero-worshippers, sick and tired of logic-chopping, and the awful dullness of the morning classes, he came as a herald of light and leading". Swiftly, he opened to their "wondering eyes the vast treasures of European and, particularly, of English literature".It was at his feet that <mask> first heard the names of Carlyle, Tennyson, and Browning. Priesthood

<mask> began his priestly ministry in the Cathedral Parish and in the former abbey church of St. Nicholas in Exeter in the diaspora diocese of Plymouth. He quickly established a reputation as a preacher and was much sought after for sermons, retreats, and incidental addresses. While in Plymouth, he also acted as a supply chaplain for Dartmoor prison which, at the time, still held several of those convicted for treason felony after the Fenian Rising of 1867. He returned to Ireland in 1877 to take up a curacy in his native Mallow. In 1881 he was transferred to Cobh (then Queenstown) and subsequently back to Mallow where he remained until Bishop Robert Browne nominated him Parish Priest of Doneraile on 4 July 1895. <mask>'s appointment to Doneraile was an important one and an implicit indication of the trust and confidence placed in him by his bishop.It was the largest territorial parish in the Diocese of Cloyne and incorporated the medieval parishes of Templeroan, Doneraile, Caherduggan, and Rossagh. Bishop Matthew McKenna's Visitation Register of 1785 mentions that the parish of Doneraile had 683 habitations while Cahirduggan possessed 200 and Templeroan 120. It had a long tradition of distinguished pastors since candidates for appointment to Doneraile were often chosen for their ability to promote cordial relations with the St. Legers, Viscount Doneraile, who were generally resident landlords, and politically known (and at times suspect) for their long tradition of enlightened tolerance for their Catholic tenantry which eschewed the traditionally bigoted outlook of their Boyle, Kingston, and Midleton counterparts. The religious climate in Doneraile, and the support of the St. Legers, had permitted an early restoration of Catholic structures which included a convent and schools (1818), and a fine Catholic Church (1827). The situation was such in Doneraile on 8 August 1869 that Bishop William Keane of Cloyne, during his episcopal visitation, noted that he was able to drive unhampered through the town of Doneraile "in choir dress and stole...to be received at the Church gate by clergy and laity in the manner prescribed by the [Roman] Pontifical", something that could not have happened in towns such as Youghal, Mitchelstown, and Middleton. Social engagement

During his pastorate in Doneraile, <mask> established the custom of weekly meetings with his parishioners which were held on Sunday afternoons. In the early years, these meetings concentrated on apprising tenants of the conditions of the Land Purchase Acts, and of their concrete application to their circumstances.By 1903, practically all land leases had been bought out by the tenenary in  Doneraile parish, without acrimony or agitation and on terms that were satisfactory to both landlord and tenant. From then on, <mask> concentrated on promoting modern agricultural methods, especially in tillage and dairy farming. The same meetings also resulted in a long series of social improvements in the town of Doneraile which saw the installation of a modern water supply system and the building of an advanced electrification plant. He also took advantage of the Irish Labourers Act (1883) to pursue a plan to have all cabins demolished and replaced by a modern housing scheme. In all of these enterprises, <mask> of Upper Ossory (Bernard Edward Barnaby <mask>, 2nd Baron Castletown), who had married Lord Doneraile's only child, the Honourable Emily Ursula Clare St. Leger. Perhaps it is not completely coincidental that all of these social projects are ruminated on by <mask>'s fictional Parish Priest in, what was perhaps his most successful novel, My New Curate. One of Canon Shehan's inherited pastoral duties in Doneraile, which he well acquitted, was to act as an independent intermediary between Viscount Doneraile and his tenantry; and between the tenantry and their landlord, so as to avoid the levels of agrarian strife experienced on beleaguered estates such as those of the nearby Earl of Kingston, and to secure the de facto religious liberty traditionally enjoyed by Catholics on the Doneraile estates.<mask>'s arrival in the parish came at a sensitive moment as tenants began the process of purchasing their holdings from the Doneraile, and other smaller local estates, under the terms of the Ashbourne Land Purchase Acts of 1885 and 1887. The Parish Priest of Doneraile was frequently asked to assist tenants in their approaches to the local land agents to agree terms for the purchase of their holdings. While something of a traditional expectation of a 19th-century Irish Parish Priest, this practical social engagement on <mask>'s part needs to be understood in the wider context of the Catholic intellectual response to the challenge thrown down to capitalism, marxism and socialism by Pope Leo XIII in his encyclical letter Rerum novarum of 1891. As many of the contemporary theological journals published in Germany, Belgium and France make evident, Catholic theologians, rejecting Marxism, socialism, and the excesses of capitalism, debated and formulated social solutions that would come from the combined actions of the Church, the State, the employer and the employee, and elaborated in greater detail the principles to be used in seeking justice in industrial, social, and economic life. While <mask> was aware of the social question of his time, and was actively engaged in the great contemporary social evolution directly affecting him in his parish, he can never be regarded as having in any manner espoused the Zeitgeist, as quickly emerges from his portrayal of such a priest in his novel Luke Delmege published in 1901 and, not surprisingly, translated into all of the major European languages. Writing to the editor of the Irish Ecclesiastical Record in 1913, the then Bishop's Secretary, Fr. William Browne, thus described <mask>: "He was always courteous and polite, of course, but very silent.When he first came home as a young priest from England, he was stationed here in Queenstown. I rather thought that his silent, reserved manner would have kept people in awe of him, yet when he died, all the older generation had instances to relate of his unostentatious kindness, especially to the poor and sick". In 1904 he was appointed a Canon of the Chapter of Cloyne and assigned to the prebendary of Kilenemer. He was conferred, honoris causa, with a doctorate in Divinity in February 1902 by Pope Leo XIII. In August 1902, he was the recipient of a Doctorate in Literature from the University of St. Albertus Magnus, Wichita, Kansas. Literary career

<mask>'s literary career modestly began in 1881 with a series of essays published in The Irish Ecclesiastical Record on subjects ranging from religious instruction in intermediate schools to the effects of emigration on the Church; from the philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson to the political significance of Léon Gambetta in post-war France; from liberal thought in the United States to a theological

masks:
Patrick Augustine
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Patrick Augustine Sheehan
Patrick Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Margaret Sheehan
Mary Augustine
Hannah Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehantown
FitzPatrick
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan


texts:
 critique of a current of patristic thinking in England and in the United States that saw <mask> of Hippo as the Martin Luther of his age. At a time of intense interest in education and educational methods in Ireland, he made a significant impact on public debate by drawing attention to European educational theories and particularly to the importance of the German Universities.During this early period, <mask> began long associations with the Irish Monthly, founded in Dublin in 1873 by T. A. Finlay and Fr. Matthew Russell, S.J., to commemorate the Ireland's consecration to the Sacred Heart; with the Dublin Review, a quarterly journal of high literary merit, founded for the diffusion of Catholic theology in 1836 by Nicholas Wiseman, Daniel O'Connell and Michael Joseph Quin; and with the Catholic Truth Society, established in 1884 by Herbert Vaughan for the popular promotion of Catholic doctrine. Several pamphlets would be written by him for the Catholic Truth Society on subjects such as Thoughts on the Immaculate Conception, The Canticle of the Magnificat, and Our Personal and Social Responsibilities. He attracted much attention in Ireland, England, on the continent as well as in the United States through his observations in literary and religious magazines on issues related to clerical life, education and philosophy. He wrote a number of children's stories and published works of poetry, his sermons and his collected essays. Several of his books were translated and published in German, French, Irish, Hungarian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Spanish, Ukrainian, Dutch, Flemish and Italian. <mask> is best remembered as a novelist; in his novel My New Curate, he recounts an incident of a clerical appointment that may well be autobiographical and refer to his arrival in Doneraile: "The Bishop sent for me and said, with what I would call a tone of pity or contempt, but he was incapable of either, for he was the essence of charity and sincerity: 'Father Dan, you are a bit of a literateur, I understand.Kilronan is vacant. You'll have plenty of time for poetising and dreaming there. What do you say to it?' I put on a little dignity, and though my heart was beating with delight, I quietly thanked his Lordship. But, when I had passed beyond the reach of episcopal vision, which is far stretching enough, I spun my hat in the air, and shouted like a schoolboy: 'Hurrah!'". Political activist

<mask> first became politically engaged after the passing of the Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903, authored by William O'Brien MP., and set in motion by D. D<mask> MP. of Kanturk, the Canon encouraging and giving advice to local tenant farmers in the area around Doneraile to purchase their leases under the act from the local landlords.The success of land purchase in Cork was much to the frustration of John Redmond's Irish Party (IPP) who believed that a national Home Rule movement could not survive without social grievances and without the antagonism of Catholic and Protestant. <mask> was a founder and leading member of the All-for-Ireland League (AFIL) launched by William O'Brien  in 1910 in opposition to Redmond's party, O'Brien advocating the unity of Catholic and Protestant interests in all walks of Irish political, social and cultural life. <mask> stood and spoke on platforms advocating the principles of the League, which returned eight Independent M.P.s in the December elections. <mask> wrote the manifesto of the movement in a very long editorial for the first issue of the League's new newspaper, O'Brien's radical Cork Free Press in June 1910, which was a manifestation of Joseph Devlin's militantly Catholic Ancient Order of Hibernians, whose members were also members of the IPP, largely influencing its political course, particularly against any form of concessions to Ulster as advocated by the AFIL. The League, so successful in Cork, was less successful elsewhere. Its principles of establishing a movement of a new kind to attract rather than repel Unionist and Protestant support for an All-Ireland Home Rule settlement, while influentially limited, did motivate a worthy political initiative. Perhaps the most remarkable side of <mask> was his vision of a reorganised Irish society which he hoped would take shape in an Independent Ireland.His nationalism was neither exclusively Gaelic nor Catholic and best portrayed by him in his novel The Intellectuals (1911), whose archetypical characters of man and women of Catholic and Protestant background from Ireland, England and Scotland, meet to discuss current issues of the day, <mask> in the preface saying "that his object was to show that there really was no invincible antagonism amongst the people who make up the commonwealth of Ireland that may not be removed by a freer and kindlier intercourse with each other". Literary celebrity
Lord and Lady Castletown of Doneraile Court befriended <mask> and held him in the highest esteem. His success as a writer had turned him into a celebrity, and whenever the Castletowns had guests of note, they were invariably brought to meet the man of letters. It was through them that the Canon met the American Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for the first time in 1903. A ten-year correspondence ensued, ended only by <mask>'s death. In a letter to the Jesuit Father Herman Heuser, <mask>'s American biographer, Holmes explained: "I was at Doneraile and called every day after luncheon, that time being the best for him. He knew, and I feared, he was dying, though I did not admit it.He bade me go to his library and select a book. On his assurance, I took Francisco Suárez's De Legibus, which I had heard him praise, and it bears his inscription. I wish I could have offered him something besides affection and reverence for his lovely spirit". <mask> was diagnosed with a fatal illness in 1910 but refused to undergo surgery, carrying out his parish duties until he died of cancer on the evening of Rosary Sunday, 5 October 1913. Towards the end of his life he had begun to write an autobiography, but burned the manuscript a few days before his death believing that "it might do harm to others". University College Cork Digitisation Project

In the context of its Corpus of Electronic Texts (CELT), University College Cork has begun a digitisation project to make <mask>'s extensive literary oeuvre available on line. The project began with the publication of his poems and essays which are normally difficult to access in printed form.Over a period of time, all of <mask>'s works will be added to the digital collection. Publications

Books

 Geoffrey Austin, Student, M. H. Gill & Son, Dublin 1895
 The Triumph of Failure, Burns and Oates, London 1901
 My New Curate, Marlier and Callanan, Boston 1900
 Cithera Mea, Marlier and Callanan, Boston 1900
 Mein neuer Kaplan: Erzählung aus dem irischen Priesterleben, translated by Oskar Jacob, , Cologne 1900
 Mariae Corona, Benzinger Brothers, New York
 Collection of Sermons and Essays
 Luke Delmege, Longmans, Green & Co., London & New York 1901
 Mon Nouveau Vicaire, Éditions Pierre Dumont, Limoges 1901
 The Canticle of the Magnificat, Dublin 1901
 Holy Week and the Festival of Easter, Catholic Truth Society, Dublin 1902. Mater Dolorosa, Catholic Truth Society, Dublin 1902. St. Domnick and St. Teresa,  Catholic Truth Society, Dublin 1902. Der Erfolg des Mißerfolgs (The Triumph of Failure), translated by Oskar Jacob, Stehl, Kaldenkirchen, 1902. Under the Cedars and the Stars, Dolphin Press, Philadelphia 1903. Under the Cedars and the Stars, Brown and Nolan, Dublin 1904 (for the Catholic Truth Society of Ireland).Under the Cedars and the Stars, Benzinger Brothers, New York 1906. Glenanaar, Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York 1905
 Geoffrey Austin (German translation), Cologne 1904
 Az én új káplánom : elbeszélés, Budapest: Staphaneum Ny., 1904
 Mijn nieuwe kapelaan/ naar het Engelsch van P.A. <mask> ; vert. uit het Engels door Marie van Beek ; met een "woord vooraf" van H. Ermann, Van Leeuwen, Leiden (1904). Mój nowy wikary; opowieść z urywków pamietnika proboszcza irlandzkiego. (Przeklad z "Roli" 1902–1903) Przeklad z angielskiego [Polish translation of My New Curate published by Jan Jelenski (1845–1909)], Wydawnictwo Ks. M. Godlewskiego, Warszawa 1904.Luke Delmege (Flemish translation by J.J. Raken), P. Brand, Bussum. Succes door Mislukking (Flemish translation of The Triumph of Failure), R.K. Boekcentrale, Amsterdam. A Spoiled Priest and Other Stories (1905)
 Verhalen door Kanunnik P.A. <mask> (Dutch translation of A Spoilt Priest and Other Stories translated by J.J.G. Wahlen) : Van Leeuwen, Leiden 1905
 Delmege Lukács : regény az ír lelkipásztori életből, Budapest: Egyházi Közlöny, 1905 Budapest : Stephaneum Ny
 Moj novi kapelan : pripoviest iz irskoga života [Slovenian translation of My New Curate], A. Scholz, Zagreb 1905
 Geoffrey Austin (French Translation), P. Lethielleux, Paris n.d.. Early Essays and Lectures. London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1906.Der Erfolg des Mißerfolgs, Kalenkirchen 1906
 Succès dans l'Échec, Éditions P. Lethielleux, Paris 1906
 Succes door Mislukking, translated by A. Schmitz, F.H.J. Bekker, Amsterdam 1906. Mūj Nový Kaplan, translated into Czech by  (under the pseudonym O.S. Vetti), Jan Otto, Prague 1906
 Lisheen, Longman, Green & Co., London and New York 1907
 Das Christtagskind,(German translation of Glenanaar), Styl, c.1907 [translated by Oskar Jacob ]
 Parerga, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1908
 Mi Nuevo Caodjutor: Sucesos de la vida de un anciano parroco irlandés; traduccion espanola por M.R. Blanco del Monte, Friburgo de Bresgovia (1908)
 The Blindness of Dr. Gray, or, The Final Law, Longmans, Green & Co., London and New York 1909
 Dolina Krvi (Glenenaar), translated by Izidor Cankar, Lubljana: Katoliška bukvarna 1909 (Slovene translation)
 Pohozené Dítě: Novella, Kotrab, Prague 1909 [Czech translation of Glenanaar]
 Mi Nuevo Coadjutor, Madrid 1910
 Az üldözöttek : írországi regény, Budapest: Szt. István Társ., 1910
 Miĭ novyĭ sotrudnyk; opovidanie iz zapysok irli︠a︡ndsʹkoho parokha [Ukrainian translation of My New Curate], V.A. Shyĭkovsʹkyĭ, Lʹviv 1910
 The Intellectuals.An Experiment in Irish High Club-Life, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1911
 The Queen's Fillet, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1911
 Von Dr. Grays Blindheit, Einsiedeln 1911
 Miriam Lucas, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1912
 Lukas Delmege, Regensburg 1912
 Lukáš Delmege, translated into Czech by , Kralín, Prague 1912
 De haarband van de koningin / Kanunnik <mask> ; uit het Engelsch vert. door Th.B.J. Wilmer, Van Leeuwen, Leiden 1912
 Lisheen oder Der Průfstein der Geister, Einsiedeln 1914
 The Graves at Kilmorna, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1915
 Kresalo Duhov(Slovenian translation of Lisheen), translated by Izidor Cankar and Narte Velikonja, Ljubljana, Katoliška bukvarna 1917
 Miriam Lucas (German translation), Einsiedeln 1918 [translated by Oskar Jacob]
 Das Haarband der Königin, Einsiedeln 1919
 Sermons, New York, 1920
 Der Ausgestoßener, Saarlouis 1920
 De graven te Kilmorna (Dutch translation by Arthur Coussens), Thielt, Lannoo, 1922. Gray doktor vaksága, vagy A legfőbb törvény : írországi regény, Budapest : Pallas, 1923
 Cithara Mea. Poems
 Our Personal and Social Responsibilities, Dublin
 An Aged and Youthful Confessor, Dublin
 Thoughts on the Immaculate Conception, Dublin 1924
 Mnisi z Trabolganu, Warsaw 1924
 Sprawa Odłożna; Mnisi z Trabolganu: Opowiadnia, Warsaw 1924
 Die Gräber von Kilmorna, Einsiedeln 1926 [translated by Oskar Jacob  ]
 Tristram Lloyd, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1928
 The Greatest Doctor, Dublin 1930
 Tristram Lloyd (French translation), translated by E. Masson, Éditions P. Lethielleux, Paris 1930
 Tristram Lloyd (Spanish Translation), translated by Emilio Sanz Pertegas, Bilbao-Madrid, Pia Sdad. S. Pablo, n.d..
 Tristram Lloyd (German translation), translated by , Haas und Grabherr, Augsburg 1930. Gleann an Air: Uirsceal ar Shaoghal i nEirinn, translated by Tomás de Bhial, Oifig an tSoláthair, Dublin 1931
 Luke Delmege (Spanish translation), Castellano, Londres 1932
 How Character is Formed, Dublin 1933
 An Sagart Óg, Dublin 1935
 L'expérience de Robert Maxwell : roman [French translation of Lisheen translated by Alphonse Burgoin], J. Dupuis [et] fils, Paris 1937.Lisín, translated by Séamus Ó Grianna, Oifig an tSoláthair, Dublin 1939
 Filéad na bainríoghaine (translation by Séamus Ó Grianna), Oifig an tSoláthair, Dublin 1940
 Tristram Lloyd (Spanish translation), Madrid
 Tristram Lloyd, (Italian translation), translated by Prof. A. Galli (Modena), Alba 1942
 Rita, die Sängerin, Steyler Verl. buchh., Kaldenkirchen; St. Gabriel-Verl., Wien-Mödling, 1953
 Il Mio Nuovo Cappellano, Edizioni Paoline, Roma 1954
 Il Mio Nuovo Curato : giornale umoristico di un veccho prevosto d'Irlanda, translated by F. Zanetti, Benedetto Bacchini, Milan. Il Trionfo dell'Insuccesso,

masks:
St Augustine
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
. Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan


texts:
 translated by Marilinda Machina, Edizioni Paoline, Francavilla-al-mare 1968
 La Benda della Regina, translated by Emma Masci Kiesler, Milano 1970

Articles, Essays, Sketches and Reviews

 Religious Instruction in Intermediate Schools. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol.II, No.9 (September 1881), pp. 521–531. In a Dublin Art Gallery.In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol. II, no. 12 (December 1881), pp. 726-742. The Effects of Emigration on the Church. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record., vol. III, no.10 (October 1882), pp. 602-615. Gambetta. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, vol. IV, no.3 (March 1883), pp. 137-152. Emerson:Free Thought in America.In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol. V, no. 10 (October 1884), pp. 613-623. Education at German Universities. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record., Vol. VII, no.6 (June 1886), pp. 496-511; Vol. VII, no. 7 (July 1886), pp. 617-630; vol. VII, no. 8 (August 1886), pp.685-698.The German and Gallic Muse. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record., Vol. VIII, no. 6 (June 1887), pp. 42-56. The Poetry of Matthew Arnold. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol.IX, no. 6 (June 1888), pp. 481-494. Recent Works on St. Augustine. In: The Dublin Review, Vol.XIX, no. 7, (July 1888), pp. 88-107.Recent Augustinian Literature. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol.VIII, no.12 (December 1888), pp. 1069-1082. The Life and Influence of St. Augustine. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XVIII, May and June 1890, pp. 200–209 and 241–246.The two civilisations. Parts I and II. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XVIII, June and July 1890, pp. 293–301 and 358–367. The Seraph of Assisi. In The Irish Monthly, Vol.XVII, September 1890, pp. 468–479. The Late Father C. P. Meehan. In The Catholic World, Volume 51, (Issue 306), Sept 1890; pp. 796-801. Irish Youth and High Ideals. In The Irish Monthly, Vol.XIX, January 1891, pp. 39–54. Sir C. Gavan Duffy's Life of Thomas Davis. In The Catholic World, Volume 53 (Issue 317), Aug 1891; pp. 746–751. Impressions of Tennyson. In The Irish Monthly, Vol.XX, November 1892, pp. 602–606. The First Sin: a poem beginning "I said the prayer: 'Into Thy hands'". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXI, October 1893, pp. 526–530. A Sunday in Dartmoor.In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXII, February 1894, pp. 80–88. Mr. Aubrey de Vere's New Volume. In The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXII, March 1894, pp. 126–138.Pretres-Adorateurs. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Vol.XV, no. 7 (July 1894), pp. 576–585. The Golden Jubilee of O'Connell's death. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXV, July 1897, pp.337–350. Optimism v. Pessimism. I. In Literature. II. In daily life. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol.XXV, January 1897, pp. 39–52. The Dead and One of our Dead. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXV, September 1897, pp. 489–494. Known by Fruits.In: Irish Monthly, vol. XXVI, n.295 (January 1898), pp. 21–27. Remanded. In: The Catholic World, vol. 66, n.394 (January 1898), pp. 437–452.Literary Criticism. In The American Ecclesiastical Review, Vol. XVIII, June 1898, p. 591. Our personal and social responsibilities. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVII, May and June 1899, pp. 225–233 and 292–304.The Literary Movement in Ireland. In: Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 26, no. 20, 16 November 1901, pp. 308–309. The Literary Movement in Ireland. In: Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol.26, n.23, 7 December 1901, pp. 356–357. Fr. Mac on Retreat: In The American Ecclesiastical Review, 1902. Books that influenced "Luke Delmege". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXX, February 1902, pp.109–114. Dawn of the New Century. In: The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, fourth series, Vol.XV, no. 1, (January 1904), pp. 5–26. Non-dogmatic religion. In: The New Ireland Review, Vol.XXIII, August 1905, pp. 321–333. The Literary life. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXXVII, April 1909, pp. 181–202
 Irish Primary Education. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol.XLV, January 1917, pp. 49–64. Hymns, Poems and Sonnets

 St. Augustine at Ostia: a poem beginning "At Ostia? Yes! "Twas the springtime. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XVI, June 1888, pp.349–350. The First Sin: a poem beginning "I said the prayer: 'Into Thy hands'". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXI, October 1893, pp. 526–530. Ave Atque Vale: a poem beginning "When with a song of heavenly mirth". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol.XXI, December 1893, pp. 631–632. Sentan the Culdee: a poem beginning "This is the vision of a man of God". In:  The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXIV, January 1896, pp. 1–10. Death, the magician: a poem beginning "For I do hate thee O thou spectre, Death".In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXIV, November 1896, pp. 594–595. Hymn to spring: a poem beginning "O Earth, awake from thy slumbers". In:  The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXV, April 1897, pp. 217–218.On the Mer-de-Glace: a poem beginning "Hither God brought his rebel seas to try". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXV, August 1897, p. 439. Known by fruits. In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVI, January 1898, pp. 21–27.The elf child: a poem beginning "Mother is this the storm-fiend". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVI, February 1898, p. 72. Sonnets of travel: beginning "The dying sun had sucked his last red beam". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVI, April 1898, pp. 180–181.My oratory lamp: a poem beginning "Lord, Thou hast kindled all Thy lamps tonight". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVI, June 1898, p. 320. Swallows of Allah: a poem beginning "Swallows of Allah, unfurl your white wings". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVI, November 1898, pp. 601–602.Thalassa! O Thalassa! a poem beginning: "Can you see the spine of yonder crest". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVII, April 1899, pp. 188–189. The Leper Priest of Luneburg.In The Irish Monthly, Vol. 17, No. 196 (Oct. 1889), pp. 537–542. Gachla, the druidess: a poem beginning "A relic of an old-time rune". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVIII, January 1900, pp.1–15. The bird and the fly: a poem beginning "I saw a speck on my window pane". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXVIII, August 1900, pp. 482–483. A game of chess: a poem beginning "A square of black and a square of white". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol.XXVIII, September 1900, pp. 523–524. The cry of the curlews: a poem beginning "A lonely whitewashed cottage". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXIX, June 1901, pp. 287–288. To a post—two voices: a poem beginning "Strong watcher o'er the night wolds".In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXXII, October 1904, pp. 600–604. Woman and child: a poem beginning "We watched the sunset together". In: The Irish Monthly, Vol. XXXV, February 1907, pp. 83–86.Plays

 Lost Angel of a Ruined Paradise. A Play, Longmans, Green & Co, London and New York 1904
 Ange Egaré d'un Paradis Ruiné, Éditions P. Lethielleux, Paris 1907

Bibliography about Fr. <mask>

 Herman Heuser: Book Review of Geoffrey Austin. In The American Ecclesiastical Review, vol. XVII, October 1897, pp. 327–328. Anonymous: Talk about New Books.In The Catholic World (New York), vol. 71 (May 1900), pp. 272–277. Maurice Francis Egan: Cithara Mea - A Book Review. In TheCatholic University Bulletin (Washington, DC), vol. VII, no. 2 [February 1901], pp.180–182. Anonymous: Der Erfolg des Mißerfolges: from the Maria Laach publication Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, vol. LXV (1903), pp. 111–112. Matthew Russell: The Author of My New Curate. In The Dolphin, vol. 1, no.1 (January 1902), pp. 12–20. Anonymous: A Curious Fact About Fr. <mask>'s Irish Characters. In The Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 27, no. 9, 1 March 1902, p. 141.Matthew Russell, Notes on New Books. In: Irish Monthly, vol. 30, n. 46, April 1902, pp. 237–238. Matthew Russell, Notes on new Books. In Irish Monthly, vol. 30, no.353 (November 1902), p. 656 (announcement of French translations). Matthew Russell: Concerning the Author of "Luke Delmege". In The Irish Monthly, Vol.XXX December 1902, pp. 661–669. Anonymous: "Ames Celtiques et Ames Saxonnes". In "Le Mois littéraire et pittoresque", tome VIII (1902), p. 138. Stephen Gwynn: To-Day and To-Morrow in Ireland, Dublin, Hodges Figgis 1903, pp.142–157. C.P., Dr<mask>'s New Book: An Appreciation. In The Irish Monthly, Vol. 32, No. 367 (Jan. 1904), pp. 13–17
 William Kirkpatrick Magee:  The Breaking of the Ice [Review of Under the Cedars and the Stars]. In: Dana, 1 (May 1904), pp.11–17. Anonymous: "Geoffrey Austin". In "Le Mois littéraire et pittoresque", tome XI (1904), p. 182. Joseph Spillmann: Lukas Delmege. In: Stimmen aus Maria Laach (subsequently Stimmen der Zeit), vol. LXVI (1904), pp. 102–109
 Anonymous: Review of A Spoiled Priest and Other Stories.In: The Tablet, 10 October 1904. Et Cetera: Review of A Spoled Priest and Other Stories. In: The Tablet, 26 November 1904. Lizzie Twigg: Songs and Poems ... With introduction by ... <mask>. Longmans & Co.: London, 1905. Anonymous:  Glenanaar [A book review]. In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol, 34, n. 2, 8 July 1905, p. 24.Mrs. <mask>. Daly: Face to Face with the Author of My New Curate. In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 34, n. 15, 7 October 1905, p. 9. James Britten:Review of Glenanaar. In Catholic Book News (London, CTS), vol. IX, n. 97, 10 July 1905, p. 207. W. H. Grattan Flood,  Dr. <mask>'s new novel: a review of "Glenanaar" by <mask>.In  The New Ireland review, Vol. XXIII, pp. 380–382, August 1905. Anonymous: Glenanaar [Book Review]. In: The Spectator, 26 August 1905, p. 20. Edward Nagle: Dr. <mask>'s Latest Work. In The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Ser.4, Vol. VIII, September 1905, pp. 214–115. Anonymous: Book Notices [Review of Glenanaar]. In: Otago Daily Times [New Zealand], Issue 13413, 13 October 1905, Page 3.
 : Le Clergé Irlandais. In: La Revue politique et littéraire, Series 5, tome VI, n. 26  [29 December 1906], pp. 809–812.Anonymous:  People We Hear About. In: New Zealand Tablet, Volume XXXIV, Issue 5, 1 February 1906, Page 10. Anonymous: New Books and Publications [Review of Glenanaar]. In: Press [New Zealand], Volume LXII, Issue 12424, 10 February 1906, Page 7. Anonymous: Literary Column [Review of Glenanaar]. In: Evening Post [New Zealand], Volume LXXI, Issue 71, 24 March 1906, Page 11. G.K. Chesterton, The Vanity of Essays [a review of Early Essays and Lectures, London 1906].In: The Daily News, 31 October 1906. Anonymous:  Forthcoming Books [Review of Early Essays]. In:Otago Daily Times, Issue 13741, 3 November 1906, Page 5. Anonymous: Early Essays and Lectures [Book Review]. In: The Spectator, 17 November 1906. Michael James: Some Aspects of <mask>. In New Ireland Review, Vol.XXVI, February 1907 pp. 365–371; Vol. XXVII March 1907 pp. 15–27. The Constant Reader: Browsings in Bookland. In: Otago Daily Times [New Zealand], Issue 14108, 11 January 1908, Page 7. Anonymous:  Literary Notes [Review of Lisheen].In: Dominion [New Zealand], Volume 1, Issue 122, 15 February 1908, Page 13
 M.B. [Dublin Correspondent]: Our Irish Letter [Review of Lisheen]. In: New Zealand Tablet, Volume XXXVI, Issue 12, 26 March 1908, Page 27. Anonymous:  Literary Notes [Review of Lisheen]. In: Timaru Herald [New Zealand], Volume XIIC, Issue 13556, 28 March 1908, Page 1
 Anonymous: School Pize Books. In: New Zealand Tablet, 27 August 1908, Page 21. Anonymous: Intercolonial [report on the terna for diocese of Lismore].In: New Zealand Tablet, 8 July 1909, Page 33. Anonymous: His Contradiction of Character. In: Otago Daily Times, Issue 14596, 7 August 1909, Page 13. Anonymous: People WE Hear About. In: New Zealand Tablet, 30 September 1909, Page 1548
 Cornelia Pelly: An Hour with <mask>. In Irish Monthly, vol. XXXVI, no.426 [December 1908], pp. 689–693. Cardinal Désiré Félicien François Joseph Mercier, Archbishop of Malines: Cardinal Mercier's Conferences delivered to his Seminarists at Mechlin in 1907. Translated from the French by J. M. O'Kavanagh. With an introduction by the Very Rev. P. A. Canon <mask>. London: R. & T. Washbourne 1910.Anonymous: The Final Law [Review of the Blindness of Dr. Gray]. In: New Zealand Herald, Volume XLVII, Issue 14370, 14 May 1910, Page 4. Helena Concannon:  <mask>'s Woman Characters. In The Leader, 13 and 20 September 1910. The Constant Reader: The Swinbourne of Italy. In: Otago Daily Times [New Zealand], Issue 15148, 20 May 1911, Page 13. The Constant Reader: The Winter Show.In: Otago Daily Times, Issue 15214, 5 August 1911, Page 13. Anonymous: The Queen's Fillet [Book review]. In: The Spectator, 30 September 1911, p. 22. Sophie O'Brien: <mask> <mask>, DD. In America, Vol. 10, no. 2, [October 1913], p. 48.Anonymous: Obituary. In The New York Times, 7 October 1913. Et Cetera: Obituary. In: The Tablet, 11 October 1913, p. 28. Anonymous: Obituary. In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 50, n. 17, 11 October 1913.Anonymous: Obituary. In: Otago Daily Times, Issue 15922, 15 November 1913, Page 7. Anonymous: Saintly Priest Called to his Eternal Reward. In: The Southern Guardian (Arkansas), 18 October 1913, p. 7. Constant Reader: Fire Underground and at Sea. In: Otago Daily Times, Issue 15898, 18 October 1913, Page 14. Et Cetera.In: The Tablet, 22 October 1913. Anonymous: <mask>

masks:
Sheehan
Sheehan
. Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Augustine J
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Canon Patrick
Sheehan
Canon Sheehan


texts:
 of Doneraile: Death of a Great Catholic Novelist. In: Catholic Press (New South Wales), 13 November 1913. Bishop Robert Browne: Canon First and Last a Priest. In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 50, n.22, 15 November 1913. Anonymous: Obituary.In: The Freeman's Journal (Sydney, New South Wales), 20 November 1913, p. 8. Anonymous: Obituary. In: Catholic Press (New South Wales), 20 November 1913. Stanhope William Sprigg: Obituary. In: The Advrtiser (Adelaide, Southern Australia), 22 November 1913. Mrs. William O'Brien: Reminescences. In: Freeman's Journal (Sydney, New South Wales), 27 November 1913.Anonymous, Death of <mask>. In: New Zealand Herald, Volume L, Issue 15490, 24 December 1913, Page 11. The souvenir of <mask> being extracts from his writings made by a Sister of the Presentation Convent, Doneraile. London: Burns and Oates, 1914. Michael Phelan, SJ, <mask>: A Sketch, Dublin: CTSI, 1913. Anonymous, Obituary of <mask>. In  The Irish Book Lover, Vol.V, pp. 62–63, November 1913. Anonymous, Patrik Augustin <mask>. In Dom in Svet, Vol. 26, no. 12 [1913], pp. 447–448.Anonymous, Newman Society. In: New Zealand Herald, Volume LI, Issue 15559, 17 March 1914, Page 5. M.M.B., <mask> at Home in Doneraile. In: The Irish Monthly, vol. 43, n. 506, August 1915, pp. 529–534. John D. Colclough, <mask>: A Reminiscence and an Appreciation.In Studies, vol. VI, no. 22, June 1917, pp. 275–288. John Horgan,  <mask>: A Memory And An Appreciation. In  The Irish Monthly, Vol. XLII, pp.1–12, January 1914. Herman Joseph Heuser: <mask> of Doneraile: the story of an Irish parish priest as told chiefly by himself in books, personal memoirs, und letters. New York: Longmans & Co., 1917
 George O'Neill: A relic of <mask>. In Studies, Vol. VI, no. 23, September 1917, pp. 385–397.Anonymous: <mask> One of the Greatest Irish Writers. In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 58, n. 24, 24 November 1917, p. 10.
 : Kresalo Duhov. In Dom in svet, Ljubljana, Vol. 30 (1917), nos. 5/6, p. 183. Anonymous: Canon sheehan Realized the Need for Religion in Irish Schools.In Sacred Heart Review (Boston), vol. 59, n. 8, 23 February 1918, p. 9. John J. Horgan: "<mask> of Doneraile by Herman Heuser book review. In Studies, vol. VII, no. 25, March 1918, pp. 48–51.Maurice F. Egan: <mask> of Doneraile. In The Atlantic Monthly, September 1918, pp. 368–370. Leigh G. Hubbell: <mask> in Perspective. In The Notre Dame Scholastic, vol. III, n.2, 19 October 1918,pp. 18-20.Shane Leslie: <mask> of Doneraile. In Dublin Review, vol. 162 (1918). Arthur Coussens: P. A<mask>, zijn leven en zijn werken. Brugge 1923. Daniel Corkery: The Neglect of <mask>. In Irish Independent, 30 May 1924.Cecilia Williams: The constructive ideas of <mask>'s fiction, M.A. thesis submitted to the University of Notre Dame (Indiana) 1924. Francis Boyle (Curate of Cooley, Carlingford): Canon Shehan: a Sketch of his Life and Works. Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son 1927. Anonymous: <mask> of Doneraile[Book review of <mask> by Francis Boyle]. In The Tablet, 10 September 1927, p. 10. W. H. K.: Another Novel by <mask> of Doneraile [Book Review of Tristram Lloyd].In The Tablet 17 November 1928, p. 643. Sophie O'Brien: Memories of <mask>. In Studies, Vol. XIX September 1930, pp. 492–498. Herman Heuser: Kanonikus Sheehan von Doneraile [Biographical introduction] to Tristram Lloyd (German translation), Haas und Graabherr, Augsburg 1930. Irma Louise Henry: Catholic leadership and Catholic Action in the works of <mask>, B.A.thesis submitted to Xavier University of Louisiana, 1932. Armand P Laverdiere: Clerical life in Ireland according to <mask>'s works, M.A. thesis submitted to St. Mary's Seminary (Baltimore, Md. ), 1932. William F. P. Stockley: Essays in Irish Biography. Cork 1933
 : Das Katolische Schrifttum im heutigen England. Munich 1935
 Mary Carmelita Harmon: The mystical in <mask>'s works, M.A.thesis submitted to Creighton University, 1935. Sophie Raffalovich O'Brien: My Irish Friends. Dublin, London, Burns, Oates & Washbourne 1937. Alice Vale: <mask> and Social Reform:Dissertation accepted for higher degrees in the Graduate school of Arts and Sciences, Volumes 1–10, Fordham University 1937. M. H. Rev. Gaffney, Dr. Herman J. Houser and <mask>. In The Irish ecclesiastical record, Ser.5, Vol. LIV, pp. 367–374, October 1939. Donnchadh Mechan: <mask>. In The Bookman, Vol. II, n.3, December 1947, pp. 46–59.Francis MacManus: The fate of <mask>. In The Bell, Vol. XV, n.2, November 1947, pp. 16–27. James Hurley: The Nationalism of <mask>, an unpublished thesis presented for the degree of Master of Arts, University College Cork (1950). J. B. Morton: A Forward.In: The Graves at Kilmorna, Clonmore and Reynolds, Dublin 1950. Anonymous, Glenanaar [A Book Review]. In: The Irish Monthly, vol. 79, n.935 May 1951, pp. 249–251. Michael P. Linehan: <mask> of Doneraile: Priest, Novelist, Man of Letters. Dublin: Talbot Press 1952.Gladys V. Towers, <mask>. In The IrishMonthly, Vol. LXXX, March 1952, pp. 112–117. Thomas Halton, The Theology of Canon <mask>. In The Irish Ecclesiastical Record, Ser. 5, Vol.LXXIII, December 1952, pp. 431–439. Fr. Senan, OFM Cap. (edt): The Capuchin Annual 1952 Dublin 1952. John Henning: The Place of German Theology in Works of <mask>. In Irish Ecclesiastical Review, Ser.5, Vol. LXXX December 1953, pp. 379–387. John Hennig: A Note on <mask>'s Interest in German Literature. In: The Modern Language Review, 49 [1954], pp. 352–355. Benedict Kiely: <mask>: The Reluctant Novelist.In Irish Writing, no. 37, Autumn 1957, pp. 35–45. Kenneth Macgowan: <mask> of Doneraile. [With a portrait.]. Dublin: Catholic Truth Society of Ireland 1963. Kenneth McElligott: The figure of the priest in the novels of <mask>, an M.A.thesis submitted to St. Bonaventure University, New York, 1965. Anthony Coleman: <mask>: The Dilemma of Priest and Artist. In Studies, (Spring 1969), pp. 215–145. Oliver McDonagh: The nineteenth century novel and Irish social history : some aspects [O'Donnell lecture delivered at University College Cork on 21 April 1970], National University of Ireland, 1970. Liam Brophy, <mask>: the Great European. In: Eirig, November 1972, pp.12–13. Jeremiah Lovett: Visionen and technique in the Novels of <mask>, a thesis presented for the degree of Master of Arts, Maynooth, 1974. <mask>: Some Victorian and Georgian Catholics. Ayre Publishing, 1977. .
 Robert Forde: <mask>: From Unpublished Letters. In Seanchas Duthalla 1978–1979 no date or place of publication. Robert Forde: <mask>: From Unpublished Letters. In Seanchas Duthalla 1980–1981 no date or place of publication.Sean Ua Cearnaigh: An Canonah O Siochain agus an Ghaeilge. In: Comhar, vol. 42, no. 10 October 1983, pp. 25–26. John R. Aherne: Serendipity : essays on Robert Hugh Benson, Maurice Baring, Alice Meynell, G.K. Chesterton, <mask>, Kate Chopin, Merrimack College Press 1985. Robert Forde: <mask>: From Unpublished Letters.In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 4 [1986]
 Tom Gavin: Priests and Patriots: Irish Separation and Fear of the Modern, 1890–1914. In: Irish Historical Studies, vol. 25, n. 97 (May 1986), pp. 67–81. Anna Theresa Murphy: Warm Humanity of Canon <mask>'s Stories. In Southern Star, 15 April 1989.Anna Theresa Murphy: High Ideals and Integrity of Doneraile Priest. In Southern Star, 22 April 1989. Brendan Clifford: <mask>: A Turbulent Priest. Millstreet, Co. Cork: Aubane Historical Society; Dublin: Irish Heritage Society, 1990. Michael Barry: By Pen and Pulpit: Life and Times of the Author <mask>. Saturn Books, 1990. Mary O'Neill: A view from the pulpit : the novels of <mask>, a thesis presented for the degree of Master of Arts, University College Cork (1990).John Cronin:<mask>, Luke Delege: In The Anglo-Irish Novel: 1900–1940, Vol II, Appletree: Belfast 1990, pp. 22–29. David H. Burton: The Friendship of Justice Holmes and <mask>. In Harvard Library Bulletin, Vo. 25, n.2 [April 1977]. David Henry Burton (Hrsg. ): <mask> Correspondence: The letters of Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes and <mask> <mask>.Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1976. Revised edition: Fordham University Press 1993. D. M. Collie: The Nineteenth-Century Novel: A Postscript: The Case for <mask> (1852–1913). In The Linen Hall Review, Vol. 10, No. 3 (Winter, 1993), p. 8.
 : <mask> <mask>. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL).Band 9, Bautz, Herzberg 1995, , p. 1598. Catherine Candy: Priestly Fictions: Popular Irish Novelists of the Early 20th. Century; <mask><mask>, Joseph Guinam, Gerald O'Donovan. Dublin: Wolfhound Press 1995. Alix Davis, The Novels of <mask>. [Oral Presentation], Department of English Public Lecture, University College, Cork, 9 February 1995. Robert Forde: <mask>: Unpublished Manuscripts 1.In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 13 [1995]
 Robert Welch, Bruce Stewart edts. : Oxford Companion to Irish Literature: article on <mask>, Oxford University Press 1996, p. 518
 Ruth Fleischmann: Catholic Nationalism in the Irish Revival: A Study of <mask> 1852–1913. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 1997.  ;
 William H. Murphy: Catholic Fiction and Social Reality in Ireland 1873–1922, Greenwood Publishing, Westpoint CT, 1997. Gerard Moran (editor): Radical Irish Priests, 1660–1970. Dublin: Four Courts Press 1998. ;
 Benedict Kiely: A Raid into Dark Corners: and other Essays:  Cork: Cork University Press 1999. Joachim Fischer: <mask> und die deutsche Kultur.In: Joachim Fischer, Das Deutschlandbild der Iren 1890–1939, Winter Verlag Heidelberg 2000. Robert Forde: <mask>: Unpublished Manuscripts 2. In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 20 [2002]
 Lawrence McBride: '<mask>, <mask>'. In: 'Oxford Dictionary of National Biography', Oxford University Press, 2004. Tom Garvin: The Quiet Tragedy of <mask>: in Studies, vol. 98, Summer (2009).<mask>: <mask>,(Canon) <mask>. In James McGuire and James Quinn (edts. ),  Dictionary of Irish Biography, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2009. Sheridan Gilley: <mask> <mask>: Priest and Novelist. In Peter Clarke (edt. ), The Church and Literature, Ecclesiastical History Society, Warrington (GB), 2012. Nora O'Keeffe: <mask>.In: Small Town Big History: Glimpses of 20th Century Doneraile, Doneraile 2012. Bobby Buckley: <mask>: The Gardener/Philosopher of Doneraile. In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 30 [2012]. James O'Brien: The Collected Letters of <mask> of Doneraile 1883–1913. Wells(GB): SMENOS Publications 2013. Mary Layland: Local Leader.In:  Irish Times, 30 April 2013. Sarah McDonald: <mask>: the Author Priest of Doneraile. In: Catholic Life (London), June 2013, pp. 36–38. Don O'Leary: Faith, Nature and Science in the Works of <mask>. In: New Hibernia Review, vol. 17, no.2, (Summer 2013), pp. 119–135. James O'Brien: <mask> of Doneraile 1852–1913: Outlines for a Literary Biography. Wells(GB): SMENOS Publications 2013. Brian Maye: Comoradh an Chanonaigh – Laoch liteartha a ligeadh i ndearmad. In: The Irish Times (2 October 2013). Peter Costello: <mask> Restored to Prominence.In:The Irish Catholic (3 October 2013, p. 29). Peter Costello: A Canon of Rich Literature. In: The Irish Catholic (10 October 2013, p. 14). Peter Costello: The Life and Thought of <mask>. In: The Irish Catholic (28 November 2013). Brian McKevitt: Priest Turned Novel Writer. In Alive, n. 195, December 2013.James O'Brien: <mask> of Doneraile Centenary 1913–2013. In: The Vale Star: Christmas Supplement 2013, pp. 42–45. Brian Fanning & Tom Garvin: The Books That Define Ireland. Dublin: Irish Academic Press 2014. Fiona Lynch: <mask> of Doneraile: Outlines for a Literary Biography (a review). In: The Catholic Voice 18 May 2014, p. 22.Gabriel Doherty (edt. ):Revisiting <mask> of Doneraile 1852-1913: Author, Activist, Priest. Wells (GB): SMENOS Publications 2014. J. Anthony Gaughan, <mask> restored to the Pantheon of Irish literature. In: The Irish Catholic (1 March 2015). Lawrence W McBride, <mask>, <mask>, article in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online. James O'Brien: Canon Burton's Sketch of <mask>.In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 33 [2015]
 James O'Brien: Lord Castletown's Sketch of <mask>. In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no. 34 [2016]
 James O'Brien: Correspondence from the Papers of <mask> of Doneraile 1888-1913. Wells (GB): SMENOS Publications 2017. James O'Brien: Mother Ita O'Connell's Biographical Sketch of <mask>. In: Journal of the Mallow Field Club, no.35 [2017]
 James O'Brien: The Catholic World and <mask>. In The Catholic Voice 14 February 2020, p. 19; pp. 23–24. Gillian Doherty: <mask> (1852-1913): Catholic Intellectual and Novelist. In Totus Tuus Magazine'' 16 June 2021. References

External links

1852 births
1913 deaths
20th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
Irish non-fiction writers
Irish novelists
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth
Irish land reform activists
Christian clergy from County Cork
Deaths from cancer in Ireland
People educated at St Colman's College, Fermoy
19th-century Irish Roman Catholic

masks:
Canon Sheehan
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Patrick Braybrooke
Canon Sheehan
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Patrick Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Sheehan
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Holmes Sheehan
Canon Patrick
Augustine Sheehan
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. Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
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Patrick Augustine
Canon Sheehan
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Sheehan
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Canon Patrick
Augustine Sheehan
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Canon Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
Sheehan
Patrick Augustine
Canon Sheehan
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Canon Sheehan
Canon Sheehan
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texts:
<mask> (1864–15 September 1919) was a Chin leader who fought the British Indian Army when they invaded Chin Hills/Chin State in the late 19th century. Two years after the British had conquered the Chin Hills, he led a rebellion to overthrow the British colonial administration from Chin Hills. Unsuccessful in his rebellion, <mask> was sentenced to life imprisonment on the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean. He was released in 1910 and returned to the Chin Hills. Early youth
<mask> was the son of Sizang chief Pu Khup Pau and Pi Cing Niang. He was born in 1864 at Khuasak, Tedim Township. British invasion of Chin Hills (1888-1889)

The Kingdom of Burma fell under the rule of the British Empire in 1885 and Kale-Kabaw valley, bordering the Chin Hills became the British territory.The British had several meetings with the Chin tribal leaders to discuss the recognition of British authority, the issue of raiding made by the Chin to the plains and to open a trade route linking Burma to India. The negotiation failed as the Chin made several raid in to the plains, defying the British. The Tashon, the most powerful tribe in Chin Hill at that time, also harbored the Shwe Gyo Phyu prince and his followers who rebelled the British in central Burma. Ultimatum was sent to the Sizang chief to deliver <mask> Kam together with the captives whom he carried off. Ultimatum was also sent to the Tashon council to deliver the Shwe Gyo Phyu prince and his followers. When the ultimatums were ignored, the British made preparation to invade the Chin Hills. Preparation for the expedition of 1888-1889

The British spent the month of November 1888 preparing for the expedition.Brigadier-General Faunce and Captain Raikes, established defensive positions long the valley. A levy of Military Police (later 2nd Battalion of Burma Rifle) guarded the Yaw valley against the depredations of the Southern Chins. Capt. Raikes and his assistant Mr. Hall collecting intelligence about the Chin, their village and the routes into the hills. Hills coolies were collected in Assam and sent for the expeditions. The forces for expedition were gathered at Kanpale (Stockade No.1) and Gurkha 42nd Battalion was added for the expeditions. Strategy for invading Chin Hills

The strategy was to first march against the Sizang head village, Khuasak then deal with the surrounding villages.The route selected for the advance of the column was from Kanpale to the summit of Leisan range. There were no road to the hills at that time, therefore, a road had to be constructed for the main invading force and their heavy weaponry. At the beginning of December 1888, the road construction was completed until the foot of the hill, there they established No.2 Stockade i.e. Zawlkin/Khai Kam village. The road construction continued towards the hills and the reach at Phatzang where a rough No.3 stockade was established. The Chins Offensive

The Chin learned about the invasion and made necessary preparation themselves. The Sizang council sent <mask> Kam of Khuasak to meet Khawcin (the chief of Kamhau) at Tedim.The next day a force consisting of 1,200 (Sizang), 400 (Kamhau) and 30 (Sukte) prepared to defend their motherland. At Khuasak, the Chin warriors were feasted by slaughtering a mithun. The Tashon also gathered warriors from her powerful neighbouring tribes. On 7 December 1888, the Sizang started their offensive by attacking the road construction party, wounding Lt.Palmer. Lt. Palmer later died on that wound. On 24 December, the Sizang again attacked the road working party and killed a sepoy of 2nd Gurkha. On Christmas Day, the combined forces of Sizang, Kamhau an Sukte attacked on the working party under the direction of Lt. Butcher of 42nd Gurkha Bn.The Sizang were in constant co-ordination with the Tashons. On 10 December 1888, the great force of Tashon made a simultaneous attack on the villages of Sihaung, Kyawywa and Kundu. At the same time, 80 Tashon warriors clashed head to head with 42nd Gurkha Light infantry led by Capt. Westmoreland. On the same date, the Sizang attacked Indin (Sawbwa's capital) and a combined force of Sokte and Kamhau attacked the military post at Kangyi (20miles north of Kalemyo). The Chins showed their planning abilities and military capabilities in this simultaneous attack to the various British positions. The British officers were impressed by the Chin capabilities as political officers Mr. Carey and Mr.Tuck wrote: "The Chins were in great force, and we now know that Tashons and Siyins (Sizang) were fighting side by side on this occasion.The Chins swooped down from the heights on to the party, which was working on a narrow spur, and attacked them from all four sides, fighting under cover of heavy undergrowth. The collies bolted and the troops fell back after holding their ground some little time. Whilst disputing every stage of our advance into their hills, the Chins showed considerable tactical ability by taking the offensive in the plains and attacking Shan villages and our posts in the rear of advancing column". Chin Hills Expedition (1888-1889)

Since, the Chin showed their military skills by inflicting some losses on the invading forces, the British Army have now taken the Chin seriously. Field Marshal Sir George Stuart White Commander-in-Chief of Burma, personally came to supervise the expeditions. He arrived in Kanpale on 30 December 1888 and accompanied the expedition forces. On 27 January 1889, the road workers were again attacked by the Chin.The workers were sent back to the No.3 Stockade and the British troops engaged with the Chin. The Chin made them very resistance but the British troops managed to push the Chin back slowly towards the hills until they reached heavily fortified position at Leisanmual (Red Rocky Gate). The Chin stood firm at Leisanmual stockade which was a formidable and skillfully placed stockade. The stockade was also the last defensive line for the Chin. Attempts were made to overcome the stockade but, a stubborn resistance made by the Chin made it very difficult. The British political officers Mr. Carey and Mr. Tuck noted the difficulty as “their routes always heavily stockade and the stockades generally held by the enemy, who never ceased to ambush when opportunity occurred, both day and night (Carey & Tuck 1896, p 28)”. The British attacking force at Leisanmual were reinforced by the 42nd Gurkha Bn led by Lt.Col Skene.Field Marshal Sir George Stuart White himself joined the force. The attack at Leisanmual was described by Field Marshal Sir George Stuart White as "Enemy yesterday attacked our working party on road above this and held our covering party, 40 British and 100 Gurkhas, from 9-2, when I arrived and ordered their positions to be charged. We carried all, driving them entirely away, getting off ourselves wonderfully cheaply. Only one Norfolk dangerously wounded. Enemy in considerable numbers, using many rifles and plenty ammunition. They fired at least 1000 rounds, standing resolutely until actually charged, even trying to outflank at once. 'Most difficult enemy to see or hit I ever fought'".The reinforcement made a difference to the battle as the British overcome the stockade. The battle at Leisenmual was a serious blow to the Sizang, realizing that it was impossible to save their villages. On 22 January, Gen. Faunce proceeded to the summit of Leisan range after several skirmishes. There they established No.4 stockade on 31 January 1889. During one of these operations a Lophei Chief Khup Lian personally fought hand to hand with a British soldier and captured a semi-automatic rifle. This was the first semi-automatic gun to reach the hands of the Chin people. He recorded this in a stone inscription which reads "I am the 15th generation down from the house of Thuantak who is the original progenitor of the Siyin Tribe.Being an orphan from childhood I exerted myself all alone in many enterprises by which I became a self-made man with many and various achieve-ments. When the British on 1888 undertook their first expedition against us (the Chins) I attainded the age of 20 years and I played an active part in the defence against them. When the British troops marched up the Signalling at No. 5 Stockade the united forces of the Siyins. Suktes and Kamhaus made a good resistance to the British attack which was easily repulsed. On this occasion I personally captured one rifle. When the second expedition took place in 1889 the British, too well armed to be resisted against, carried the day: hence the annexation of Chin Hills".(Note: This is not a full inscription)

British occupation of Sizang Valley (1889)

Before the arrival of British force at Sizang villages, <mask> Kam burned his capital Khuasak then moved into the jungle. At the same time over 2,000 warriors of the Sizang, Kamhau, Sukte and Khuano were assembling at the village of Buanman. The British fired the cannonballs at Buanman and then it exploded spectacularly, thus, the Chin realized the superiority of the British force. By February 1889, the British captured Khuasak, Buanman and Thuklai where the British military post Fort White was built. The name of the Fort was in honour of Gen. Sir George White. The British then destroyed the whole of Sizang villages as British political officers Carey and Tuck reported "By 6th March not a single Sizang village remained in existence. The destruction of Sizang villages was accomplished with a good deal of firing, but very little damage to life and limb (Carey & Tuck 1896, P29)".Although, villages were burnt to ground, <mask> <mask> did not surrender. Instead, he moved his headquarter to Suangpi from where he continued his resistance movement against the British. They ambushed the British, they cut telegraph cables and stole cattle from the British whenever possible. The Sizang resisted the British from the forest for two years. They were constantly moving their hideout whenever the British knew their location. British occupation of Chin Hills (1890)

In September 1889, the British northern column attacked Suangpi, Dimpi and Dimlo. The British burned Suangpi in November but instead of surrendering, <mask> Kam simply moved again his headquarter to Pimpi.On 11 December, the British attacked Montok but the people resisted the British column rather than saving their burning newly built huts. The British then temporarily abandoned their attempt to defeat the Sizang, who resisted under the leadership of Khai <mask>. The British then marched to subdue the Tashon who were the most powerful tribes in the whole of Chin Hills at that time. The British believed that Sizang would surrender if Tashon submitted to the British. In March 1890, the Tashon surrendered to the British, followed by the Sizang in April 1890. On the first of September 1890 Khuppau and Khai <mask> of Khuasak surrendered their slaves. On that day, in a ceremony held in Thuklai, Sizang chiefs Manglun (Limkhai), Kamlam (Thuklai), Khuppau (Khuasak), Dolian (Buanman) and Khuplian (Lophei) made an oath of friendship with political officer R. S. Carey.A mithun was slaughtered for the ceremony, and its tail was dipped in the blood. Pu <mask> took the tail of the mithun and stroked the legs of Mr. Carey, and said; "Let us forget our wars in the past; should you break our peace

masks:
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Khai Kam
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 agreement, may you fall like the hairs of mithun and pigs, and should the Sizang break this peace agreement, may the Sizang fall like the hairs of mithun and pigs." After the ceremony, Mr. Carey announce British recognition of the existing Sizang chiefs. Sizang-Gungal Rebellion (1892-1894)

Since the British occupied in Chin Hills, heavy fines were imposed for any sign of rebellion, collies were demanded all over Chin Hills, disarming the Chin by confiscating their guns and freeing their slaves. The Chin people were not happy with the British conduct, as a result, several rebellions had taken place. In the Gungal area (right bank of Manipur River), Kaptel village under Chief Thuam Thawng, attacked the British outpost at Botung. Because of his action, the British demanded the surrender of Thuam Thawng.Chief Thuam Thawng did not bow to the British demands, instead of surrendering, he planned with <mask> Kham to drive the British out of the Chin Hills. The Sizang chiefs (except Mang Lun of Sakhiling) held a conference and agreed unanimously to start a rebellion. This plan also got approval from Tashon, Hualngo and Zahau. <mask> <mask> and Thuam Thawng first decided to remove the political officers, the township officers and the Interpreters, so that there should be none left to advise and guide the British troops in Chin Hills. Thuam Tawng then invited the political officer Mr. Carey to take a fresh oath of submission. Mr. Carey had travelled to Southern Chin Hills, therefore, Maung Tun Win (Township officer), Aung Gyi and Aung Zan (interpreters) were sent for the mission. Although they were warned about Thuam Thawng and Khai Kam plan by Sakhiliang Chief Mang Lon and Kamhau Chief Do Thang, they proceeded as planned.<mask> Kam and Pau Dal (son of Thuam Thawng) choose 200 warriors for rebellion. When the British delegation, Maung Tun Win, Aung Gyi and Aung Zan got to the Pumva village, they were assassinated and Sizang-Gungal rebellion was initiated. The majority of the people taking part in this rebellion were Sizang, Gungal and Sukte. The Sizang had 18 villages and all of the villages except (Vokla, Naripi & Sakhiliang) rebelled. Out of 9 Sukte villages, Dimlo and Dimpi rebelled. All of Gungal villages (10 villages) except (Mwial, Laitui and Puyan) rebelled. The plan was the Gungal and Sukte to operate in Tedim areas and the Sizang to operate in Fort White areas.The Gungal and Sukte attacked the British posts and the Sizang blocked Kalay-Sizang road, cut the telegraph wires, stole the cattle's and destroyed the vegetation. British operation to crush the rebellion

The British quickly learned about the rebellion and sent a large force of 2,500 rifles with two mountain guns led by Brigadier General Arthur Power Palmer to crush the rebels. In 1892 November 14, the British troop and Sizang rebels clashed at Pimpi. The Sizang burned Pimpi then fled into the jungle. By the end of 1892, the British burned all of the rebelling villages as a punishment for the rebellion. The rebellion leader <mask> <mask> and his followers were still largely present in the Jungle. In the early part of 1893, the British then turned their focus to Thuam Thawng's Gungal areas.The British made a surprised attacked at Kaptel, driving Chief Thuam Thawng to Heilei. Thuam Thawng resisted the British force from Heilei stockade which was destroyed by a mountain gun. Thuam Thawng then again fled to Muizawl village. The Muizawl was also captured by the British along with Thuam Thawng and his son Pau Dal. They were sent to Kindat Jail in Myingyan where both of them died in that jail. By the end of 1893, all of the Sizang chiefs surrendered except <mask> <mask> and his followers. He hid in the jungle and continued fighting the British.By the end of 1893, his strength was recorded at 127 fully armed and their families all belong to Sizang and Thuklai clans. Up until this point, the rebellion was commanded by a very experienced senior commander Brigadier General Arthur Power Palmer. General Sir Arthur Power Palmer received The Companion Order of the Bath CB for his excellent services for the suppressive campaign against the Siyin-Gungal Rebellion However, unable to crush the rebellion swiftly, the British government then dispatched Major-General Richard Campbell Stewart, the Commander-in-Chief in Burma to personally supervise the rebellion. On 21 Feb 1893, the military situation was reported by Major General R. C Stewart follows:

"I beg to note, for the Chief Commissioner's information, the state of affairs in the Chin Hills, as the result of my late visit to Fort White and Hakha. Note on the state of affairs in the Chin Hills in February 1893. Military Situation: The Chief Commissioner is aware of the circumstances connected with the murder of the Myook and a portion of the escorts by the Siyins (Sizang) and Nwengals (Gungal), and subsequent telegrams and diaries have related the progress of the revolt and of the operations which were deemed necessary to suppress it. On the first outbreak of the Siyins (Sizang) on the 9th October 1892 the garrisons of Fort White was reinforced by two guns of No.7 Bombay Mountain Battery, and 100 rifles with Headquarters, 1st Burma Battalion, under Captain Presgrave, and subsequently by 200 rifles Norfolk Regiment, under Captain Baker, which enable the offensive to be taken with vigour; and General Palmer, Commanding the Myingyan District, arrived at Fort White on the 1st December and assumed control of the operations. As the most effective way of dealing with the Siyins (Sizang), General Palmer asked for more troops, and so 300 rifles, 5th Burma Battalion under Lieutenant Taylor, and the headquarters and 400 rifles, 6th Burma Battalion, under Captain Keary, D.S.O., were added to the force. Posts were then established at Dimlo, Phunnum, and Montok; and on 2 January General Palmer with two guns, 100 rifles, Norfolk Regiment; 50 rifles, 21st Pioneers, 200 rifles, 1st Battalion; 100 rifles, 5th Burma Battalion; moved from Fort White across the Nankate [Vangteh] and on the 13th January occupied Kaptial[Kaptel], the principal and most recalcitrant village of the Nwengals. The policy throughout had been to harry the revolted tribes, and to destroy their grain supplies as much as possible. Small parties have been despatched daily from several posts to search the valley and ravines, and to hunt up Chins still lingering in the vicinity of the occupied villages. The results have been satisfactory and the tribes are being severely punished. It is difficult to estimate what their losses have been, because in all encounters with our troops the Chins have invariably been seen to carry off their wounded.On our side the losses have been extremely heavy, a total of 53 having been killed and wounded since the operations commenced. When I left Fort White General Palmer and Mr. Carey were very hopeful that both the Nwengals and the Siyins would shortly submit. Some guns had already been brought in from villages across the Nankate, and Dimlo, Pomvar and other Siyin villages were asking terms. I have every reason to hope, therefore, that full submission may shortly be expected, and I consider it a matter of congratulation that the revolt has been localised, and that the neighbouring tribes have not joined in it". The British found traces of rebels but, they were unable to fight them in the dense Jungle. On January and February 1894, Lieutenant Sutton searched for them from the Leisen range and Lieutenant Mockler searched for them from north to south. They found a track leading to a rebel hideout and several rebels were killed, captured and prisoners were taken.The British also took casualties of 1 Gurkha killed and 1 wounded. The British destroyed all the stocks of grain they found to flush out the rebels. On 24 February the Gurkhas surprised the rebels in camp, killing and capturing several. There, the British learned that the rebels were supplied by their relatives residing in Tavak (located in the valley) and Thuklai. The British then ordered a stop in trade between the Sizang and the plains. The Generals were frustrated and started to use punitive measures. Do Thang (Sukte Chief) was arrested and asked the villagers to capture the rebels in order to purchase his liberty.By the middle of 1894, only 27 rebels were left fighting the British. Collective punishment

The British authorities were frustrated about the rebellion, and started to use punitive measures to capture <mask> <mask> and his followers. They stopped all Sizang cultivations, villages were fined heavily for the conduct of rebels, whilst every Chief and village elders were made to assist the British finding the rebels. These harsh measure had significant effect as more rebels finding themselves hemmed in, therefore on 23 April 1894, 23 rebels were surrendered. The four left were <mask> <mask>, Khup Pau (his father), Mang Pum (his brother) and Pu Kam Suak. Although only four remained they did not surrender and continued to fight from the jungle. The Sukte and Kamhau were anxious for the release of their Chief Do Thang whom the British promise to release only when villagers delivered <mask> <mask> and his followers.The Sakhiliang were also tired of the struggle. The Chin were worried that if the trade route remained close, they would all starve during the rains. However, the people were determined to hold information for <mask> <mask>'s family. The British then so frustrated, they arrested all the remaining male relatives of <mask> Kam as hostages. Learning their relatives lives were at stake, on 16 May 1984 (1894? )<mask> <mask>, Khup Pau (<mask> Kam father), Mang Pum (<mask> Kam younger brother) and Pu Vum Lian and Pu Suang Son surrendered. They were immediately transported to Kindat jail in Myingyan District.When he was led from Thavak to the Kindat jail the locked chains opened by themselves three times but he did not attempt to flee. The guard commander was puzzled about the miraculous happening. This was the last rebellion against the British until (Hakha-Thado-Khuangli Rebellion in 1917). After the arrest, the hostages and Chief Do Thang were released and the trade route was re-opened. Life imprisonment
<mask> <mask> was sentenced for life and transported to the Andaman Islands in the Indian Ocean. The British remarked "Never trust a Sizang, never allowed <mask> Kam to return to Chinland". Khup Pau and Mang Pum got 4 years and 3 years respectively at Rangoon jail.Mang Pum later worked for the government and appealed to the British government for the release of <mask> Kam. Return to Chin Hills and death

Upon successful appeal by his brother to the British authority, <mask> <mask> was released on 14 May 1910 and returned to Chin Hills. When Thado-Kuku, Hakha and Khuangli rebellion happened in 1917, <mask> <mask> was employed by The British as an advisor during Hakha-Thado Rebellion in 1917. He died on 15 September 1919. Honour

The University of Kalay, Sagaing Division, Myanmar was once officially called "Khai Kam University" in honour of Pu <mask> Kam. The best sports arena in Hakha, Chin State is also called "Khai Kam Sport Centre" to honour Pu Khai Kam. The part near 9miles at Kalaymyo was also named Bo Khai Kam Park in honour of Pu <mask> Kam.References

1864 births
1919

masks: Khai Khai Kam Khai Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Khai Kam Khai Khai Khai Kam Khai Khai Khai Kam Khai Kam Khai Khai