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<mask> (born January 14, 1948) is an American actor, television director and former American football linebacker. He is known for his roles as boxer Apollo Creed in the first four Rocky films (1976–85), George Dillon in Predator (1987), Action Jackson in Action Jackson (1988), and Chubbs Peterson in Happy Gilmore (1996) and in Little Nicky (2000), and <mask> in the Toy Story franchise. He also portrayed Det. Beaudreaux in the television series Street Justice (1991–93) and a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy series Arrested Development (2003–19), and voiced Omnitraxus Prime in Star vs. the Forces of Evil (2017–19). He has a recurring role as Greef Karga in the Star Wars series The Mandalorian (2019–). <mask> played college football at San Diego State University. After going undrafted in the 1970 NFL Draft, he signed with the Oakland Raiders.He would sign with the B.C. Lions of the Canadian Football League after being released by the Raiders. Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. His father was a day laborer. As an eighth-grade student, he earned an athletic scholarship to St. Augustine High School, a private school. He was an all-around athlete, involved in boxing, football, gymnastics, judo, soccer, and wrestling. He graduated in 1966.College football career
<mask> played football as a defensive end in college. He started his college career in 1966 at Long Beach City College, where he did not play in 1966 due to an ankle injury suffered when he tripped over a curb surrounding the running track while warming up for practice with another linebacker, Paul Snow. He then transferred and played for San Diego State University, becoming a letterman for the San Diego State Aztecs in 1968 and 1969, helping the Aztecs win the 1969 Pasadena Bowl, finishing with an 11–0 record, and a No. 18 ranking in the Final UPI Poll, playing for head coach Don Coryell. Professional football career

Oakland Raiders
After he went undrafted, <mask> signed with the Oakland Raiders as a free agent in 1970. Now playing as a linebacker, Weathers played in seven games for the Raiders in 1970, helping them win the  AFC West Division title, on their way to the first-ever AFC Championship Game. Weathers only played in one game in 1971, before the Raiders released him.BC Lions
He then signed with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League in 1971 and played until 1973, playing 18 games in total. During the off-seasons, Weathers attended San Francisco State University and earned a bachelor's degree in drama in 1974. Retirement
He retired from football in 1974, and began pursuing an acting career. In his NFL career he appeared in 8 games in two seasons, but didn't record any stats. The only stat he recorded in his CFL career was a single fumble recovery. Other contributions to the NFL
Weathers narrated NFL Films' season recap of the 1999, 2000 and 2001 seasons. During the 2017 NFL Draft, he appeared on NFL Network's pre-draft coverage.Acting career
<mask> began working as an extra while still playing football. He had his first significant roles in two blaxploitation films directed by his longtime friend Arthur Marks: Bucktown (1975) and Friday Foster (1975). <mask> also appeared in an episode of the 1970s sitcom Good Times titled "The Nude", portraying an angry husband who suspected his wife of cheating on him with J.J. In 1975, he guest-starred in an episode of Kung Fu titled "The Brothers Caine", and also appeared in an episode of Cannon titled "The Hero" in 1975. In 1976, he appeared as a loan shark in an episode of the crime-drama Starsky and Hutch, and in the Barnaby Jones episode "The Bounty Hunter" as escaped convict Jack Hopper. While auditioning for the role of Apollo Creed alongside Sylvester Stallone in Rocky, <mask> criticized Stallone's acting, which led to him getting the role. He reprised the role of Apollo Creed in the next three Rocky films: Rocky II (1979), Rocky III (1982), and Rocky IV (1985).<mask> is briefly seen as an Army MP in one of the three released versions of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (originally released in 1977). In 1978, <mask> portrayed Vince Sullivan in a TV movie, Not This Time. In the late 1970s and 1980s, <mask> starred in a number of action films for the small and big screen, including Force 10 from Navarone (1978), Predator (1987), Action Jackson (1988), and Hurricane Smith (1992). As a member of the cast of Predator, <mask> worked with future California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and future Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura. Many years later he appeared in a spoof segment on Saturday Night Live,  announcing that he was running for political office and urging viewers to vote for him on the basis that "he was the black guy in Predator. He also appeared in Michael Jackson's "Liberian Girl" music video and co-starred in the Adam Sandler comedy Happy Gilmore, as Chubbs, a golf legend teaching Happy how to play golf. He reprised the role nearly four years later in the Sandler comedy Little Nicky.During the final two seasons of In the Heat of the Night, his character, Hampton Forbes, replaced Bill Gillespie as the chief of police. Another noted TV role was Sgt. Adam Beaudreaux on the cop show Street Justice. He also played as MACV-SOG Colonel Brewster in the CBS series Tour of Duty. In 2004, Weathers received a career revival as a comedic actor beginning with appearances in three episodes of the comedy series Arrested Development as a cheapskate caricature of himself, who serves as Tobias Fünke's acting coach. He was then cast in the comedies The Sasquatch Gang and The Comebacks. Weathers had a guest role in two episodes of The Shield as the former training officer of main character Vic Mackey.<mask> provided the voice for Colonel Samuel Garrett in the Pandemic Studios video game Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction. In 2005, he was a narrator on Conquest! The Price Of Victory - Witness The Journey of the Trojans!, an 18-part television show about USC athletics. <mask> is a principal of Red Tight Media, a film and video production company that specializes in tactical training films made for the United States armed forces. He also appeared in one episode of ER as the father of an injured boxer during their 2008 finale season. For the sixth film in the Rocky series, Rocky Balboa (2006), Stallone asked <mask>, Mr. T, and Dolph Lundgren for permission to use footage from their appearances in the earlier Rocky films. Mr. T and Lundgren agreed, but Weathers wanted an actual part in the movie, even though his character had died in Rocky IV.Stallone refused, and <mask> decided not to allow Stallone to use his image for flashbacks from the previous films. They instead used footage of a fighter who looks similar to Weathers. <mask> and Stallone patched up their differences and Weathers agreed to allow footage of him from previous films to be used throughout Creed. <mask> portrayed the father of Michael Strahan and Daryl "Chill" Mitchell's characters on the short-lived 2009 Fox sitcom Brothers. <mask> acted as Brian "Gebo" Fitzgerald in advertising for Old Spice's sponsorship of NASCAR driver Tony Stewart. He also appears in an ongoing series of web-only advertisements for Credit Union of Washington, dispensing flowers and the advice that "change is beautiful" to puzzled-looking bystanders. He is also starring in a series of commercials for Bud Light, in which he introduces plays from the "Bud Light Playbook."At the conclusion of each commercial, Weathers can be seen bursting through the Bud Light Playbook and shouting "Here we go!" In 2019, <mask> appeared as Greef Karga in several episodes of the first season of the Star Wars series, The Mandalorian. He returned for the second season and also directed the episode "Chapter 12: The Siege". His performance earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor. Personal life
<mask> and his ex-wife, Mary Ann, have two sons. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
St. Augustine High School (New Orleans) alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Long Beach, California
African-American players of American football
American male voice actors
Oakland Raiders players
American players of Canadian football
BC Lions players
Canadian football linebackers
Long Beach City Vikings football players
Male actors from New Orleans
Players of American football from New Orleans
Players of American football from Long Beach, California
Players of Canadian football from New Orleans
Players of Canadian football from Long Beach, California
San Diego State Aztecs football players
San Diego State University alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American television directors
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American people

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Carl Weathers
Combat Carl
Weathers
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<mask><mask> (born 1964) is an American real estate investor, founder of the retail chain Ashley Stewart, and founder of global real estate company Thor Equities. Early life and education
Sitt was born in 1964 near Coney Island, Brooklyn and is of Spanish and Jewish descent. He began working at a young age in flea market booths at the Aqueduct and Roosevelt racetrack parking lots in the New York City area. At age 11, Sitt became interested in real estate when his only choice was to go to Manhattan to buy an Atari computer because he couldn't get one in Brooklyn. This eventually led Sitt to study business at New York University's Stern School of Business, and in 1986 he founded Thor Equities before graduating. Career
Sitt picked the name Thor for the company because he was an avid Thor comic book fan and thought it would fit his "concept of being the protector of the cities." His first investment was a property sold at tax auction on East Tremont Avenue in the Bronx, a chronically underserved retail area, where he built a one-story retail structure with money from "family, friends, roommates, parents of roommates."He proceeded to secure national retailers Rite Aid Pharmacy, Payless Shoes, and Rainbow Shops. In 1989, partnering with <mask> of the family that owned Rainbow Shops, he purchased for $30 million the 161-store Children’s Place retail chain and the 41-store Accessory Place retail chain from the Campeau Corporation. As part of the transaction, they then sold Accessory Place to Tribeca Corporation. From Sitt’s early realization of the retail gap that left broad swathes of inner city consumers largely underserved by major retailers, in 1991 he founded Ashley Stewart (a name inspired by Laura Ashley and Martha Stewart), which sold modern and fashionable plus-size clothing to urban women. Each Ashley Stewart store hired from within the community, and the company was recognized by President Clinton for its large contribution to the nation’s innovative Welfare to Work program. After acquiring 98 stores for $61.25 million in 1998 from the bankrupt Petrie Retail Inc. (founded by Milton Petrie), Ashley Stewart grew to over 380 stores in more than 100 cities, which prompted many national retailers to follow suit and helped change the urban retail landscape. As part of the transaction with Petrie Retail, Sitt acquired Marianne Stores, a retail outlet specializing in clothing for Latina women.As business boomed, Sitt sold his interest in 2000 to concentrate on urban real estate through his company Thor Equities. In 2004, Sitt was profiled by Crains in its annual "40 Under 40" article, which reported that he had a 6 million square-foot portfolio worth nearly $750 million. In 2010, he started a brokerage business called Thor High Street (Thor Retail Advisors) that focuses on retail leasing. Today, Thor Equities is a real estate development, leasing and management firm, with headquarters in New York City, London and Mexico City. The company owns property in the United States, Canada, Europe, Russia, India and Latin America, with portfolio transactions and a development pipeline in excess of $10 billion and totaling more than 20 million square feet. Non Profit Activities and Honors

Global Gateway Alliance
<mask> is the chairman and founder of the not-for-profit Global Gateway Alliance (GGA), which was created in 2012 to address the infrastructure challenges that New York metropolitan area airports face. Sitt made an initial $1 million donation to start the group, which seeks to make New York’s airports among the best in the world.On July 27, 2015, Vice President <mask> and Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced plans to modernize JFK and LaGuardia airports, which included many of the features Sitt and GGA long called for, including new terminals, greater passenger amenities, and increased transportation access. Accordingly, GGA Chairman <mask> stated this was "an important step in bringing New York’s airports into the 21st century, and a win for the more than 117 million annual passengers that use our airports and for a regional economy that relies on the airports for more than $50 billion in activity." Coney Art Walls
In May 2015, Thor Equities Group Chairman <mask> provided a $4 million donation to establish Coney Art Walls, an outdoor museum of street art curated by Mr. Sitt and Jeffrey Deitch. Located at 3050 Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, the public art wall project features renowned local and international artists including Crash, Daze, Lee Quiñones, Ron English and Miss Van. Coney Art Walls returned in 2016 with 21 new murals, and again in 2017 and 2018. Additional philanthropy and awards
<mask> is an active board member of the Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, one of the most respected community development organizations in the United States.He was instrumental in helping restore Restoration Plaza, the neighborhood’s Town Square and the BSRC’s main asset, and bringing to the area more retail options including its first family sit-down restaurant and supermarket. In 2007, Harvard professor Michael Porter and the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC) honored him for his commitment to fostering healthy competitive business conditions and new opportunities in inner city neighborhoods. Sitt is a managing director of Venetian Heritage, a not-for-profit organization that supports cultural projects through the conservation of Venice’s historical and cultural institutions, and is Chairman of the Sephardic Heritage Museum. Sitt is also a frequent speaker and lecturer at various universities including Columbia University, New York University, Baruch, and Notre Dame. He serves on the board of the Real Estate Roundtable in Washington D.C., the Department of Real Estate at Baruch College, and is a member of the Partnership for New York City. Sitt has served on the boards of the Downtown Brooklyn Council economic development advocacy group, REBNY’s Board of Governors, and as co-chairman of the Brooklyn Business Improvement District. He has spent much of his career in youth development and education, serving on the Boards of Brooklyn’s TAB High School and Flatbush High School, leading a teen program and acting as an ongoing mentor and guidance counselor to Brooklyn youth.Sitt was awarded the 2014 Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award, and has been named by New York Observer in its annual list as one of the Most Powerful People in New York Real Estate. Joe Sitt also successfully turned downtown Manhattan into a sprawling retail mall filled with chain stores, forcing out small, independent businesses. He positions himself as a community servant while grossly benefiting from the gentrification of neighborhood after neighborhood. Coney Island, Williamsburg and SoHo, three neighborhoods of New York City once filled with character and uniqueness being prime examples. As of August 2020, many of his properties on Broadway on Manhattan remain shuttered with retail giants refusing to pay rent due to the corona virus. References

1964 births
American Sephardic Jews
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York City
Living people

masks:
Joseph J
. Sitt
Joseph Chehabar
Joseph Sitt
Joseph Biden
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<mask> (born 16 October 1975) is a South African cricket coach and former cricketer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time and as South Africa's greatest batsman ever, he is a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium swing bowler. he is the only cricketer in the history of the game to score more than 10,000 runs and take over 250 wickets in both ODI and Test match cricket; he also took 131 ODI catches. He scored 13,289 runs in his Test match career and took 292 wickets and 200 catches. <mask> played 166 Test matches and had a batting average of over 55 runs per innings. From October to December 2007, he scored five centuries in four Test matches. With his century in the second innings of the third Test against India in January 2011, his 40th in all, he moved past Ricky Ponting to become the second-highest scorer of Test centuries, behind only Sachin Tendulkar's 51.<mask> was named Leading Cricketer in the World in 2008 Wisden for his performances in 2007 in addition to being the "ICC Test Player of the Year" and ICC Player of the Year in 2005. He has been described by Kevin Pietersen and Daryll Cullinan as the greatest cricketer to play the game, and along with Wally Hammond and Sir Garry Sobers is one of the few Test all-rounders whose Test batting average is over 50 and exceeds his Test bowling average by 20 or more. He was declared the Player of the Tournament in South Africa's victorious 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy (now referred to as ICC Champions Trophy) campaign, which till date is South Africa's only ICC tournament win in their history. He finished as the 2nd highest run-scorer and was the leading wicket taker with 'Man of the Match' awards in both the semi-final and the final. <mask> became the fourth player and first South African to score 13,000 Test runs on the opening day of the first Test against New Zealand on 2 January 2013. He was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2013. He retired from Test and first-class cricket after playing in the second test against India at Durban in December 2013; <mask> scored his 45th Test hundred in this match, making him one of the few batsmen to score a century in his final Test.He retired from all forms of international cricket on 30 July 2014. In December 2019, it was announced that <mask> would rejoin the South African national cricket team, The Proteas, as the team's batting consultant for the duration of the summer. In August 2020, he was inducted to the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Early career and 1996 Cricket World Cup
<mask> attended and played cricket for Wynberg Boys' High School. In 2009 Wynberg honoured <mask> by naming their main cricket oval after him. As a teenager, <mask> had a brief spell with Netherfield CC in England where he established himself in Northern England – <mask> was only 19 when he spent a summer at Parkside Road back in 1995, returning 791 runs at an average of 98.87 from 14 matches before making his Test debut against England later that year. <mask> also played for Old Edwardians for a spell as a teenager, where coaching staff saw the potential for him to become a first-class all-rounder; in July 1993 he was picked for South Africa U-17's against Scotland's U-19 team.He made his first-class debut in 1993/94 as an 18-year-old, playing for Western Province B. His first Test appearance was on 14–18 December 1995 against England in Durban, but he struggled with the bat in his first few matches. <mask> made his World Cup debut in 1996 in Pakistan but did not have much opportunity to excel. His breakthrough came in 1997, with 61 against Pakistan, and then two matches later, he salvaged a draw for South Africa with a fighting century against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. 1998–2002
Between 1998 and 2002, <mask> was one of the world's leading all-rounders, as seen in the ICC's cricket ratings. In 1998, he led South Africa to the ICC Champions Trophy title with two "Man of the Match" and the "Player of the Series" performances. The youngster was solid, without being spectacular, in the 1999 ICC Cricket World Cup, before a "Player of the Series" performance led South Africa to a stunning Test series victory against India in India in 2000.By late 2001 he was the world's number one ranked Test all-rounder, having held the same ranking in ODIs for the best part of 3 years. During this time, "<mask> blossomed into arguably the world's leading batsman, with a defensive technique second to none, and the adhesive qualities of a Cape Point limpet. Generally a placid and undemonstrative man, he nailed down the crucial No. 3 positions in the South African batting order after several players had been tried and discarded, and his stock rose exponentially from that moment." 2003–2014

<mask> is one of only four players in Test history (after Sir Donald Bradman and before Mohammad Yousuf and Gautam Gambhir) to make a century in five consecutive matches, which he achieved in the 2003/04 season. For his performances in 2004, 2005, and 2008, he was named in the World Test XI by ICC. He was also named in the World ODI XI by the ICC for the year 2004 and 12th man for XI in 2005.He was also selected for the ODI XI in 2007 as well. In 2005, he set the record for the fastest half-century in Test cricket history, scoring 50 against Zimbabwe off only 24 balls. In 2007, <mask> scored five centuries in four Tests, making him just the fourth man after Bradman, Ken Barrington and Matthew Hayden to score four centuries in four Tests on two different occasions. <mask> has a remarkable batting average in the mid-50s, and was consistently rated as one of the best batsmen in the world. Although a very capable bowler with 292 Test wickets, he impressed mostly with the bat between 2005 and 2007. As a result, he evolved into more of a batting all-rounder, a role in which he continued because of the emergence of Dale Steyn, Morné Morkel, and Vernon Philander. <mask> is the only man to score over 10,000 runs and to take over 200 wickets in Test cricket.Sir Garfield Sobers managed over 8,000 runs and 200 wickets by comparison, at very similar averages. In 2005, <mask> was selected for the World XI team to play an Asian XI in a benefit match for those affected by the tsunami of 2004, along with countryman Shaun Pollock. In the same year, he was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for the ICC player of the year. The award was shared with Andrew Flintoff of England, his only serious competitor as the world's leading all-rounder, after the votes of the academy were tied. <mask> also won the "ICC Test Player of the Year" award that year. In 2006, <mask> was awarded the captaincy of South Africa for the third and final Test match against Australia when Graeme Smith withdrew with an injury. In the 2007 World Cup, <mask> was South Africa's leading run-scorer with 485 runs at 80.83.He was, however, criticized in the press for scoring slowly, which cost South Africa momentum at key stages in the tournament. In August 2007, he was omitted from the 15-man South Africa squad for 2007 ICC World Twenty20, and consequently resigned as vice-captain. He was restored to the team for the Test series against Pakistan, where he scored three centuries in four innings and was awarded "Man of the Match" twice and "Player of the Series". Following his successful tour of Pakistan, <mask> scored two aggressive centuries in matches against New Zealand at Johannesburg's Wanderer's Stadium and Centurion Park in Pretoria, taking his total century count to five in four matches. Following this purple patch of form, <mask> endured three tours without success in the form of hundreds, although the Proteas secured historic series victories in England and Australia, and won a two-match series against Bangladesh at home. <mask> returned to form after an indifferent 2008 and averaged over 50 in his next six series. During this time, the Proteas won one series (against West Indies), drew four (two against India, one against England, and one against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates), and lost one series to a resilient Australia.<mask> scored 173 in Nagpur in 2010. In the Centurion Test against India later in the year, he scored his maiden double-century in Test match cricket. His 201 not out came in a landslide victory for South Africa, as two of the team's future batting stars contributed significant hundreds of their own (AB de Villiers and future captain Hashim Amla). For the second time in his career, <mask> scored twin centuries in a match, during the third Test of the series at his home ground, Newlands in Cape Town. In January 2012, <mask> scored his highest score in Tests – 224 against Sri Lanka at Newlands. The last eight series that <mask> played in for South Africa were all victories for the Proteas, except for one series draw against Pakistan in the UAE. <mask> became one of the few players in world cricket to have won two series each in England and Australia.The Proteas also won two series against New Zealand and one against each of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, England, and Australia. Throughout this period of his career, <mask> was still valued for his bowling. He contributed valuable economic overs and had a knack for taking important wickets. In September 2014, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Sydney Thunders in the Big Bash League. In his first appearance for the Thunders, he scored important innings of 97* and picked up a wicket. The senior all-rounder (2008–2013)
In 2008 more responsibility was placed on <mask> as an all-rounder due to the retirement of Shaun Pollock. Despite the pressure, an all-rounder began to emerge in Wayne Parnell who did some good lower-order batting.<mask> endured an uncharacteristically poor 2008 with the bat, averaging well under thirty for much of it. Against the ninth-ranked Bangladesh, he averaged just 25.75 in four Test outings. He also played for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League, where he averaged 16.85 runs per innings with the bat and 55.5 runs per wicket with the ball at an economy rate of 9.65 in the 7 matches he played before he was dropped. Home and away series against Australia (2008–09)

South Africa toured Australia for a three-match Test series and five-match ODI series starting in December 2008. The tourists had a successful 9–2 Test win-loss ratio in 2008; however, Australia had just come off a 2–0 away series defeat against India and had a 5–3 ratio for the calendar year. Before the series, <mask> had a batting average of 38.32 in 18 Tests against the number one ranked team, substantially

masks:
Jacques Henry Kallis
Kallis
Kallis
Kallis
Kallis
Jacques Kallis
Kallis
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Kallis
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Jacques Kallis
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 lower than his overall average of 55.06. Despite an average of 124.50 in 12 Tests against lowly ranked Zimbabwe and Bangladesh, former Australia fast-bowler Rodney Hogg labeled the all-rounder "a flat-track bully, who dishes it out to the minnows like Bangladesh and Zimbabwe but goes missing against the Australians."In the first Test starting on 17 December, <mask> scored 63 in South Africa's first innings, before he was dismissed by Mitchell Johnson, in the midst of a bowling spell consisting of 5/2 in 20 balls. After failing to make a breakthrough in Australia's first innings, <mask> took 3/24 in their second, while completing four catches in the match. He then scored 57, while being involved in a 124-run partnership with AB de Villiers, as South Africa chased down 414, the second-highest fourth-innings run-chase in Test history. In the second Test in Melbourne starting on Boxing Day, <mask> struggled to be potent in Australia's first innings, taking 1/55. While making a start in his team's first dig, he managed only 26, before taking 2/57 when the home-side batted again. Chasing just 183, <mask> was not required to bat, as South Africa completed their first Test series victory in Australia. In Australia's 103 run Third Test victory in Sydney, <mask> struggled, taking 1/54 and 0/13 with the ball, while scoring 37 and four with the bat.The win was South Africa's 11th in a year in which they drew with India in India, defeated England in England, Australia in Australia, and also recorded series wins over West Indies and Bangladesh. <mask> was featured in all of those matches and remains an integral part of the champion side's set-up. For his performances in 2010, 2011 and 2012, he was named in the World Test XI by the ICC. On 10 April 2013 he was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year for 2013. Injuries continued achievement and records
<mask> participated in the tour of the West Indies, in which he scored his 35th test cricket century. <mask> injured his neck during the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 playing for the Royal Challengers Bangalore and missed the Twenty20 and ODI series against Zimbabwe. He returned for the ODI series against Pakistan, scoring 66 before having to retire hurt with a cramp.He did, however, manage to lay the foundations for an eight-wicket victory. For his performances in 2010 and 2012, he was named in the Cricinfo IPL XI.. In the same ODI <mask> scored his 129th ODI six, a record for a South African in the format. However, he picked up an injury and was a doubtful starter for the second ODI. In December 2010, on the 3rd day of the first test against India, <mask> scored his maiden double century, scoring 201* (not out). <mask> was selected by South Africa for the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup. In the 2011–12 season, <mask> scored his second double century in Test cricket, reaching 224 in South Africa's first innings of the third Test of the home series against Sri Lanka.The Test was <mask>'s 150th; he became the sixth player in history and the first South African to reach this milestone. After the series, former Indian captain Sourav Ganguly said that he considered <mask> to be the "most-effective player" in Test cricket. Brett Lee named <mask> as the best player in the world in an interview after their victory for Kolkata Knight Riders for his performance in IPL 2012 final against Chennai Super Kings. He played a crucial role in the qualification of the Royal Challengers Bangalore for the Champions League T20 during IPL-3 and later on played a crucial role in the triumph of Kolkata Knight Riders in IPL-5, scoring a total of 407 runs and taking 15 wickets. Coaching career

<mask> was appointed head coach of Kolkata Knight Riders in October 2015 when head coach Trevor Bayliss resigned to take over as head coach of England cricket team in June 2015. <mask> was also batting consultant of KKR for 2015 Indian Premier League season. In December 2019, <mask> was appointed as batting consultant for South Africa national cricket team.As of late 2020 he is a batting consultant for the England national cricket team. Playing style and comparisons
<mask> has earned high praise for his orthodox batting technique. In an article for the Telegraph in July 2012, former England batsman and captain Michael Vaughan wrote that <mask>, "as a batsman, is the best player in the world.". He described <mask>' batting in more detail:
Whether on the front or back foot, he plays well on the on- and off-side. He’s not Brian Lara or Ricky Ponting in terms of aggression or flair but he is rock solid and, added to that, has every shot in the book. Also, his cover drive and flick off the hip are right up there in terms of execution and attractiveness. ...He can score quickly at times but it is his way of being able to read situations that sets him apart. ... He knows when to grind it out or move up through the gears. Some people think he could move through the gears quicker when batting, and that is probably a fair argument on occasions, but the majority of the time he knows what he can do at the crease and believes South Africa has a better chance of winning if he stays there. Given his impressive all-around record, <mask> has also been compared with Sir Garfield Sobers. In November 2012, noted journalist Gideon Haigh wrote in The Australian that statistically, they were almost inseparable; Sobers scored 8032 at an average of 58 and took 235 wickets at an average of 34, while <mask> at the time of writing averaged 57 with the bat and 33 with the ball. Haigh also analysed how <mask> and Sobers were also polar opposites in certain ways:
Sobers [was] all prowling grace and feline elasticity, with his 360-degree batswing and three-in-one bowling; [whereas] <mask> [is] all looming bulk and latent power, constructed like a work of neo-brutalist architecture.... Yet what they are just as many opposites of are their respective eras. Sobers was the most explosive cricketer of a more staid age, the more mercurial because of the orthodoxy and rigidity around him; <mask> is the most stoic and remorseless cricketer of an era more ostentatious and histrionic. ... Sobers was a cavalier among roundheads; <mask> has steadily become a roundhead among cavaliers. Personal life
<mask> shared a close relationship with his father, Henry, whom Kallis cited as his primary influence. His sister Janine <mask>, five years his junior, was a cheerleader in Indian Premier League 2009 and is also a physiotherapist based in East London. When it was discovered that his father had terminal cancer, <mask> took time out of cricket to be with his father:

We heard something was wrong with my dad during the [2003] World Cup.He started feeling unwell and then, out of the blue, we were told he only had a few months to live. It was a huge shock because we've always been a very close family. I missed the first couple of Tests in England that year so I could be at home with him. It was obviously the saddest time of my life but those last weeks were maybe some of the most beautiful. It gave me a chance to say thank you and goodbye. After a while, I realized how lucky I was to do that. It's far harder if a parent is taken away before you have that time together.So his death put cricket in perspective for me. It's just a game – and a very simple game if you keep your mind straight. In January 2019, <mask> married Charlene Engels. The couple had a son, Joshua Henry <mask>, on 11 March 2020. Jacques Kallis Scholarship Foundation
The Jacques Kallis Scholarship Foundation was established in <mask>' benefit year to combine the academic and life skills programs of existing school structures with funding and mentoring support from <mask>. The Foundation with its partners hopes to provide talented youngsters the opportunity to reach their full sporting and academic potential. Currently, the Foundation sponsors 2 boys from Wynberg Boys', 2 boys from Pretoria Boys High School, 2 from Maritzburg College, and 2 from Selborne College.<mask> participates in annual fundraising events for his Foundation, to which he invites fellow South African celebrities and cricketers like Mark Boucher and André Nel. Achievements and records

<mask> has achieved the following career-best rankings in the cricket ratings as determined by the International Cricket Council 3:

Test Batting: career-best 1st; career-high points 935
Test Bowling: career-best 6th; career-high points 742
Test All-rounders: career-best 1st; career-high points 616
ODI Batting: career-best 1st; career-high points 817
ODI Bowling: career-best 15th; career-high points 641
ODI All-rounders: career-best 1st; career-high points 506
 1st & only player in cricket history to achieve the mark of 10,000 runs in Tests & ODI each and more than 200 wickets in the Tests and ODIs each
 He was also the first bowler to take a fifer in ICC Champions Trophy history. He was also the only bowler to take a 5 wicket haul in the finals of the ICC Champions Trophy (in the 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy tournament)
 <mask> was also the first player to bag the Player of the final, as well as the Player of the Tournament awards in ICC Champions Trophy. He along with Graeme Smith set the record for the highest ever partnership for any wicket as debutants in T20 Internationals (84 for the 1st wicket)
 He holds the record for a most man of the matches in Test Cricket – 23. References

External links

 <mask> at Cricket South Africa

1975 births
ACA African XI One Day International cricketers
Cape Cobras cricketers
Cricketers at the 1996 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 1999 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2003 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2007 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers at the 2011 Cricket World Cup
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for South Africa
Cricketers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
ICC World XI One Day International cricketers
International Cricket Council Cricketer of the Year
Glamorgan cricketers
Living people
Middlesex cricketers
Kolkata Knight Riders cricketers
Royal Challengers Bangalore cricketers
South Africa One Day International cricketers
South Africa Test cricketers
South Africa Twenty20 International cricketers
South African cricketers
South Africa Test cricket captains
Sportspeople from Cape Town
Western Province cricketers
White South African people
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World
World XI Test cricketers
Sydney Thunder cricketers
Alumni of Wynberg Boys' High School
Indian Premier League coaches
South African cricket coaches
Trinbago Knight Riders cricketers
Commonwealth Games medallists in

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Jacques Kallis
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<mask> (born 12 May 1958) is an Australian politician. She is an independent member of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, having held her seat of Goyder since the 2008 election. Prior to entering Parliament, <mask> was the CEO of the NT Minerals Council for 16 years. Originally elected as a member of the Country Liberal Party, she became an independent in 2015. She served as Speaker of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly since the CLP's victory in the 2012 Territory election, a post she retained after leaving the CLP. Following Territory Labor's landslide victory at the 2016 Territory election, the new Labor government retained Purick as Speaker. She resigned as speaker on 23 June 2020.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Brisbane, Queensland. She was educated initially in Darwin for Primary School then in Western Australia at Methodist Ladies' College, Perth. She graduated with a Bachelor of Commerce from the University of Western Australia. She worked for St John Ambulance Australia from 1985 until 1991, when she became CEO of the NT Minerals Council. Political career

|}
Purick was preselected as CLP candidate for Goyder at the 2008 Territory election. The seat, long a CLP stronghold, had been taken by Labor's Ted Warren in Labor's 2005 landslide and due to the splitting of the conservative vote by two conservatives standing along with the CLP candidate. A redistribution made the once vast rural seat slightly more compact, adding some conservative-leaning territory on Darwin's outer fringe.This was enough to erase Warren's already slim majority and make the seat a notional CLP seat. <mask> defeated Warren on a swing of over seven percent, enough to revert Goyder to its traditional status as a safe CLP seat. She served as shadow minister for Major Projects, Trade and Economic Development, Planning and Lands, Housing, Statehood and Women's Policy in the Territory opposition from 2008 to 2012. In addition, she was deputy leader of the CLP, and therefore deputy leader of the opposition. Prior to the 2012 election, party leader Terry Mills indicated that should the party win government, Purick would remain as his deputy, and hence become Deputy Chief Minister. The parliamentary wing of the party overrode Mills' preference; Robyn Lambley was elected as deputy leader, and Purick was left out of cabinet. When the parliament resumed on 23 October 2012, <mask> was elected unopposed as Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.As Speaker, Purick is chairman of the House Committee, a member of the Standing Orders and Legal and Constitutional Affairs Committees and was the chairman of the select committee enquiring into foetal alcohol spectrum disorder. As speaker, Purick was well known for criticising the federal government of Malcolm Turnbull, even though the CLP was part of the Liberal/National Coalition. When the federal Minister for Social Services Kevin Andrews, suggested de facto couples don't stay together as long as married couples, Purick took to Facebook to denounce him as a "pooncy, pasty faced person from some pissant place that no one cares about," and pointed out most of her constituents are in de facto relationships. She also threatened him with a "green rubber ring"—a castration device for young bulls—if he dared to tell her constituents how they should live. On 20 July 2015, Purick announced that she was quitting the CLP because of her annoyance at the lack of integrity within the government and government's lack of communication with elected CLP members. She said she would continue to sit in parliament as an independent and wanted to remain as Speaker; both major parties supported keeping Purick in the speaker's chair. Purick's move to the crossbench reduced the CLP to a minority government; earlier in the year, three indigenous CLP MPs had also left the CLP to become independents.However, she undertook not to support any motion of no-confidence against the government for the remainder of the term, saying, "Territorians voted this government into office and have the ultimate right and responsibility to unelect it." On 17 November 2015, Attorney-General John Elferink moved a motion to suspend standing orders to debate removing Purick from the Speaker's role, citing what he claimed were partial comments she had posted on Facebook regarding government-funded advertising about anti-ice legislation. On the morning of 18 November, the CLP and independent Larisa Lee passed Elferink's motion to spill the speakership role. The CLP nominated Matt Conlan to replace Purick. However, when the ballot to elect a new speaker was held, Labor and Delia Lawrie re-nominated Purick to stand against Conlan, and an unknown CLP member "crossed the floor" to vote for Purick, allowing her to regain her old post by 13 votes to 12. Labor won a massive majority at the 2016 Territory election, reducing the CLP to only two seats—fewer than the five independents in the chamber. Although Labor had more than enough numbers to elect one of its own members as Speaker, the incoming government of Michael Gunner re-appointed Purick as Speaker.Corruption findings
In June 2020, the Northern Territory's Independent Commissioner Against Corruption (ICAC) found that Purick had engaged in "corrupt conduct" by attempting to interfere in the registration of a political party by the previous chief minister Terry Mills. She resigned as Speaker shortly afterwards. At the 2020 election, her popularity was undiminished and she won the seat of Goyder comfortably despite having 8 candidates run against her. Personal life
Purick is one of six children and the daughter of former politician Noel Padgham, who was a member of the assembly from 1977 to 1997. Her father, Phillip Purich, was an appointed member for the Legislative Council in the 1960s. Born in Amsterdam, his family was originally from the Dalmatia region of Croatia. References

1958 births
Living people
Members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Speakers of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Independent members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Country Liberal Party members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Women members of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly
Australian chief executives
People educated at Methodist Ladies' College, Perth
University of Western Australia alumni
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian people of Dutch descent
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians

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Kezia Dorcas Tibisay Purick
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<mask> () (born 17 February 1971) is a Paraguayan former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He captained the Paraguay national team at international level and was for a long time the most capped player in Paraguayan football history, having made 110 international appearances and scoring 12 goals. Throughout his career, <mask> was known for his leadership, physical strength, ability in the air, heading accuracy, and outstanding tackling skills, which made him one of the most respected defenders in South America. <mask> appeared for the Paraguay national team 110 times, scoring 12 goals, from 1993 to 2006, representing the team at 10 major tournaments and captained the squad during the latter part of his career. He is the second most capped player of the national team, his record being broken by Paulo da Silva in 2013. <mask> appeared for Paraguay at three FIFA World Cup tournaments (1998, 2002 and 2006), five Copa América tournaments (1993, 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2004), and twice at the Summer Olympic Games (1992 and 2004, with Paraguay claiming Silver Medals in the latter). <mask> was named as the Paraguayan Footballer of the Year in 1997 and 1998, and was also included in the 1998 FIFA World Cup Team of the Tournament.Club career
Born in Ypacarai, <mask> began his club career playing for Cerro Porteño in his home country in 1991, and went on to win the Paraguayan national championship with Cerro in 1992. He moved to Independiente for the 1992–93 football season in Argentina, but stayed only briefly before moving back to Cerro Porteño. In 1995, Gamarra joined Internacional in Brazil, where his profile grew, eventually resulting in the naming of him as Paraguayan Footballer of the Year in 1997 by the Paraguayan newspaper Diario ABC Color (an achievement which <mask> repeated in 1998). He moved to S.L. Benfica for the Portuguese 1997–1998 season, before returning to Brazil, this time with SC Corinthians, where he won Serie A Brazilian Championship in 1998. After finishing the 1999 Brazilian football season with Corinthians, he moved to the Spanish league, playing for Atlético Madrid. Atlético were relegated in 2000, and Gamarra briefly moved back to Brazil, this time joining CR Flamengo.The 2001–2002 season was more successful for <mask>, as he joined AEK Athens in Greece in a transfer record of 5m€ for the club. There he played in 24 league games and won the Greek Cup. He also became a favorite player of the AEK fans. On the back of his World Cup performance in 2002, he joined Internazionale in Italy's Serie A for the 2002–2003 season. In his first pre-season, he scored the winning goal in the Pirelli Cup final against A.S. Roma. Inter finished the season as runners-up in the league, with <mask> making 14 appearances. His next season at the club was less successful, as Inter finished fourth in the league, and Gamarra made only 10 appearances.He remained at Inter for the 2004–2005 season, but after another season largely spent on the bench he joined the Brazilian side Palmeiras in July 2005. In 2007, <mask> decided to return to Paraguay to end his football career and signed for Olimpia. <mask> decided to retire after the 2007 season being Olimpia his last professional club

International career
His first international cap came against Bolivia on 27 March 1993, a game which Paraguay lost 2–1. He stayed at Cerro Porteño until 1995. <mask> made his first big impact in international football during Paraguay's campaign at World Cup France 1998, in the second round of which Paraguay were knocked out by France (the eventual winners). <mask> played in all four of Paraguay's games, garnering great respect for his defensive skills, and did not concede a single foul in any of his side's matches. FIFA named him as part of the All-Star team of the World Cup.At the 2002 World Cup in South Korea and Japan, Paraguay were once again knocked out in the second round. <mask> played every single minute of Paraguay's campaign, and again completed his side's participation without conceding a foul. <mask> captained the Paraguay side to a silver medal in the football tournament at the 2004 Summer Olympics Olympic Games, losing 1-0 to Argentina in the final. On 4 August, before the Summer Olympics began, he played in a preparation game against the Portugal of Cristiano Ronaldo in the city of Algarve, resulting in a 5–0 defeat. In the 2006 FIFA World Cup, <mask> was the first player in the tournament to score an own goal, from an incoming free kick from David Beckham in his team's opening match against England, which eventually led to England's 1-0 win. (Scored after just three minutes, this became the fastest World Cup finals own goal in history, until the 2014 FIFA World Cup where Sead Kolašinac scored just after two minutes playing for Bosnia and Herzegovina against Argentina in the group stages.) During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, <mask> announced his retirement from the Paraguay national team.Career statistics

Club

International
Scores and results list Paraguay U23's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Gamarra goal. Benfica footballers
Primeira Liga players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Super League Greece players
Club Olimpia footballers
Cerro Porteño players
Paraguayan Primera División players
1998 FIFA World Cup players
1993 Copa América players
1995 Copa América players
1997 Copa América players
1999 Copa América players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2004 Copa América players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
Association football central defenders
Paraguay international footballers
Paraguayan expatriate footballers
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Argentina
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Brazil
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Portugal
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Portugal
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Brazil
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Paraguayan expatriate sportspeople in Spain
FIFA Century Club
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics

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Carlos Alberto Gamarra Paón
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<mask> (born September 26, 1946) is a retired Lieutenant Colonel of the United States Army, American businessman, inventor of Job Order Contracting, entrepreneur, and founder and Chairman of The Gordian Group, Inc. In 1982, <mask> conceived the idea of Job Order Contracting. He was working as the Chief Engineer at the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium. In 1985, <mask> implemented the Job Order Contracting concept for the U.S. Army, which was called the "Mellon Plan" at the time. Following implementation at the U.S. Army, <mask> moved the idea into the U.S. Air Force and Navy. In 1990, <mask> started The Gordian Group for the sole purpose of providing the services, software, data and documents that would make facility and infrastructure owners successful at Job Order Contracting. Early years
<mask> was born September 1946, in San Mateo, California to Commander Hugh and <mask>, USN.The <mask>s had five sons and a daughter of which <mask> was the eldest. <mask> moved to Hawaii, Chicago and Guam before his family finally settled on Coronado Island in California. <mask> graduated from Coronado High School in 1964. Much to the disappointment of his father, a Navy officer and World War II POW, <mask> enlisted in the Army in 1965. <mask>'s parting words to his son when dropping <mask> off to report for duty was, "Son, this is lowest day of your life, you can go no lower." Military service
<mask> completed basic training at Fort Polk, Louisiana and Engineer Officer Candidate School at Fort Belvoir, Virginia and was commissioned a second lieutenant at the age of 19. <mask> served in Vietnam as an Engineer Company Commander in the Mekong Delta.His primary mission was the construction of the Đồng Tâm Base Camp for the 9th Infantry Division. Following his service in Vietnam, <mask> was assigned to various Army installations including the Presidio of San Francisco. While serving at the Presidio in 1971, <mask> was responsible for coordinating the massive Federal Cleanup effort after the collision of two oil tankers under the Golden Gate Bridge. Following his service in San Francisco, <mask> attended San Diego State University, where he earned an undergraduate degree in Mathematics in 1973. <mask> was then assigned as the Resident Engineer for the Army Corps of Engineers at Langley Air Force Base, VA, where he was responsible for the timely construction of a number of facilities critical to the activation of the first squadron of F-15 fighter aircraft. While serving at Langley, <mask> earned a master's degree in business administration from George Washington University. <mask> was then selected for an appointment to the faculty of the Department of Mathematics at the United States Military Academy at West Point, NY.In preparation for that assignment, <mask> spent two years at Princeton University earning a master's degree in Civil Engineering. In 1978, <mask> joined the West Point faculty and taught Mathematics for three years. Following West Point, <mask> graduated from the Armed Forces Staff College and was assigned as the Chief Engineer, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Mons, Belgium where he invented Job Order Contracting. In 1984, <mask> was reassigned as the Facilities Engineer for the United States Military Academy. That assignment was interrupted in January 1985 when <mask> was reassigned to Corps of Engineers Headquarters for the purpose of developing and implementing the Job Order Contracting process for the United States Department of Defense. <mask> retired from the U.S. Army in July 1986 after 21 years of active service. Job Order Contracting History

1982-1984: The Origins of JOC

Job Order Contracting has become a multibillion-dollar industry focused on expedited construction procurement.Mellon invented Job Order Contracting (JOC) in January 1982 as a way to solve dire repair and maintenance issues at SHAPE. SHAPE Headquarters was built in 1966 following France's decision to leave the military arm of NATO, thereby forcing headquarters to be moved from Versailles, France to Mons, Belgium. The entire process of construction was completed in six months. When Mellon arrived at SHAPE, only two options to accomplish the needed repairs and upgrades existed: 1) Work with the in-house workforce who were extremely talented at smaller, single traded projects; 2) Contract out to the local community for the larger, more complex jobs. The process for contracting out stipulated competitive bidding for each requirement, regardless of size, as well as completing full design and specifications in several different languages. Typically, this process took about 12 to 14 months. The other problem that needed to be solved was a lack of control over contractors.Contractors were bidding low in order to win jobs and then making up the shortfall with claims and change orders. The typical timeframe (12–14 months) was unacceptable, as the backlog of repairs and upgrades continued to grow along with pressure from senior officers to accomplish the work. A more responsive way of contracting out work had to be found, specifically, a solution for jobs ranging in value from $50,000 to $500,000. Mellon's senior staff provided invaluable insight and support in developing various options. That staff consisted of Lieutenant Colonel Hartmut Paul, German Army; Major John F. Miniclier, U.S. Army, Lieutenant Colonel John Baston, Royal Engineers and Chief Warrant Officer Jim Crowley, U.S. Army. The idea of Job Order Contracts was born out of the concept of on-call contractors similar to the way architects and engineers were hired at the time for miscellaneous work. The main obstacle in procuring on-call contractors was the requirement to award all construction contracts to the lowest responsive bidder.<mask> and his staff looked at existing indefinite quantity/indefinite delivery contracts (IDIQ) being used at the time in which the owner defined the task and quantities and the contractor bids a price for each task. These contracts were often single traded and resulted in an unbalanced bid structure causing an owner to overpay for construction. At that point, that they decided to do something unique in public contracting: the owner would set the price. For example: the owner would select a particular work task, such as installing a square yard of carpeting. The owner would then establish the price that they were willing to pay for installation of one square yard. The price would include the direct cost of materials, equipment, and labor. The owner would not include any profit or overhead in that price.<mask> and his team developed a full collection of tasks, approximately 10,000, and then developed prices for each task. The idea was simple, let the contractor bid a markup to the task prices. Not a markup for each individual task price, but a single markup for all of the task prices. The lowest markup would be the lowest bid and the contractor that bid it would get the contract. The concept of the "open end construction contract" was first tested at SHAPE in 1982. The first contract was awarded to the Belgium firm Lixon, S.A.

1984-1986: The "Mellon Plan" becomes JOC

In 1984, <mask> was reassigned as the Facilities Engineer for the United States Military Academy at West Point. Upon arriving at West Point, <mask> noticed the same facility problems that existed at the SHAPE headquarters in Belgium.Since there were no open-ended construction procurement tools, <mask> was forced to use the traditional design/bid/construct model for all contract work. Colonel Bill Badger, USMA Engineer, always aiming to find methods to raise standards and make improvements, was <mask>'s supervisor at West Point. Badger and <mask> shared the same frustrations of the standard contracting process. During the course of many discussions about their frustrations of the standard contracting process, <mask> shared the idea he used during his SHAPE project just a few years earlier. In late November 1984, during the United States Army Corps of Engineers Worldwide Engineers' Conference in Philadelphia, Badger spoke to Brigadier General Jerry Helms, the Southwestern Division Engineer, about the SHAPE project and arranged a breakfast meeting between <mask> and Helms. Prior to the breakfast, Helms mentioned the idea to the Chief of Engineers, Lieutenant General Elvin R. "Vald" Heiberg. Heiberg joined the breakfast meeting with <mask>, Helms, and Badger.<mask> explained the concept of the SHAPE project to the group. Though they were attentive and patient throughout the meeting, Heiberg and Helms did not demonstrate a lot of emotion. Though they remained noncommittal, both Generals did agree that this was an idea worth pursuing sometime in the future. Heiberg, while speaking later that day at the conference, announced that he had some prepared remarks but he would be putting those remarks aside because the answer to most of the questions people had was the "Mellon Plan." The audience looked around in an attempt to determine who was behind the "Mellon Plan." Sitting next to <mask> was a Corps of Engineers civilian, Jim Lovo. Lovo turned to <mask>, having met him only moments before, and asked, "You wouldn't happen to be the <mask> of the Mellon Plan?"<mask> responded, "Well, as a matter of fact, I probably am." Lovo wished <mask> luck with his new plan, and later became instrumental in the success of Job Order Contracting in the federal government. Following the lunch and closing remarks of Heiberg, <mask> was approached by Major General Mark Sisinyak, who was the Director of Military Programs for the Office of the Chief of Engineers. Sisinyak ordered <mask>, "my office 8:00 a.m. Monday morning." <mask> replied quickly, "Yes sir!" 1985: A Rough Start to JOC

General Sisinyak, made the decision that Monday morning to put together a taskforce to go to Europe in the early part of January 1985 to study the SHAPE project and to see how the process worked and what the results were. The task force gave a unanimous recommendation that the Corps of Engineers pursue adopting the same type of program.Sisinyak appointed Mellon to the task of implementing the "Mellon Plan" within the U.S. Army's facilities system, and assigned <mask> to the office adjacent his. A senior executive civilian, Chuck Smith, headed the management group under Sisinyak that Mellon worked with. Also working in that group were Jim Lovo, Pete Amquist and Dave Spivey. The first order of business was to come up with a more suitable name than the "Mellon Plan." Open ended construction contract was not acceptable because no one in Washington would approve anything "open ended." Dave Spivey said, "You know, when a customer calls the Facility Engineer and issues a work request, the Army generates a job order for that work request, so why don't we call that contract a Job Order Contract?" That was the day, in January 1985, that the "Mellon Plan" became Job Order Contracting or JOC.The first step in implementing JOC within the U.S. Army's facilities system was to develop a management plan. First, the team needed to determine if the process was legal and solicit support both on Capitol Hill and in the Pentagon. Next, they needed to designate a test base or bases for the concept. Finally, and most critical, they needed to develop the contract documents. Lovo was assigned to work directly with <mask> on the project and the two proceeded to execute the plan. <mask> and Lovo prepared briefings for the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development, and Acquisition (SARDA), and the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations. Both resulted in strong support, but additional briefings to other Army staff were met with resistance.The Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, and, more specifically, the contracting community, felt very threatened by the idea of Job Order Contracting and resisted it. The resistance came from the notion that there would be a reduction in the number of contractual actions, thereby potentially impacting staff levels and ultimately impacting grading and promotions. Allegations were also made that Job Order Contracting would damage the small business community, and the Office of the Small and Disadvantaged Business Unit (SADBU) sided with the contracting community. After many briefings, discussions and memorandums, these issues found their way over to Capitol Hill, where <mask> and Lovo began to receive negative feedback from The House of Representatives Small Business Committee. The two met with a number of Congressional staffers for the various committees to brief them on the concept, the advantages, how it was a program of inclusion not exclusion, and that the contractor would use multiple trade contractors in executing job orders. The lack of knowledge on the part of the contractor of future jobs would prevent the contractor from maintaining the proper staff to complete the work, thereby making subcontracting crucial to the process. <mask> was required to attend a hearing of the House Small Business Committee.The Committee told <mask> he was, "disrupting the social fabric of the nation by trying to implement a Job Order Contracting process." Some on the committee attempted to stop the development of Job Order Contracting by insisting on adherence to laws that no longer existed instead of the Federal Acquisition Regulation in existence at the time. The Committee requested the General Accounting Office (GAO) to review JOC and provide information on whether or not it was consistent with Federal laws. The GAO concluded that Job Order Contracting met all regulations. The key to the implementation of Job Order Contracting during the initial development period is the fact that each of the District Engineers, organized under the

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Harry Humphry Mellon
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 Chief of Engineers, held a warrant as a contracting officer. The Directors of Engineering and Housing at the test installations were made ordering officers of the contract. This allowed the group to bypass the contracting community, an impediment at the time.This scheme did not go over well with the Assistant Secretary of the Army, John Shannon. Shannon was infuriated that the group was able to bypass the Army contracting authority and use the Corps of Engineers' contracting authority. To illustrate how upset Shannon became: In one heated meeting, Shannon made several personal attacks against <mask>, demanding to know what his source of commission was, how he got into the Army, and why he was even in the meeting. This was the point at which <mask> was reminded of Tom Peters book In Search of Excellence where Peters theorizes that the innovator is typically destroyed by the organization. <mask> was making more enemies than friends with the "Mellon Plan" but was committed to bring about change for the better. 1985: The Test Sites Chosen

The test installations had to have a corresponding engineering district to provide the contracting authority. The proposal went forward to Sisinyak that a base from each of the Army's major commands be test sites.The Chief of Staff of the major command would have to give their permission to test Job Order Contracting at a base or nominate a base for testing. Sisinyak and <mask> traveled around the country visiting the various Chiefs of Staff. The first stop was the Chief of Staff of the Army Material Command (AMC) to recommend Watervliet Arsenal in New York. The AMC Commander agreed to test at Watervliet but insisted that Aberdeen Proving Ground also be included in the test. Both were included. The Training and Doctrine Command approved the recommendation of Fort Sill but only if Fort Monroe would be included. Forces Command had the same reaction when they approved Fort Bragg on the condition that Fort Ord be included.Finally, West Point itself was added to the test sites. 1985: The Documents

The next task would prove to be the most challenging: the price book. <mask> and Lovo looked at off-the-shelf estimating guides and determined very quickly that they would not work for a number of reasons. The biggest obstacle of using an estimating guide was the lack of detail. Other obstacles included: prices that were not local to the work; lack of demolition items; no quantity discounts; and no technical specifications defining the quality of material and workmanship of the tasks. <mask> and Lovo looked at the work being done by the Huntsville District of the Army Corps of Engineers on construction pricing for the Middle East. With that idea in mind, <mask> and Lovo went to the Middle East District in Winchester, Virginia to work with a team to develop a price book for each of the test sites.They spent countless hours researching construction items and whether they should be included in the price book. The team of engineers and estimators completed the book and looked to the Huntsville District to price the items. The Army Corps of Engineers Guide Specifications defined the quality of material and workmanship for the items being priced. Mellon and Lovo made the decision that Job Order Contracts were to be procured using a Best Value solicitation. Since the purchase of construction services with an IDIQ was a new concept to government contracting it was felt that awarding contracts based on qualifications, experience and price was the best approach. Software was the next challenge. The size of the database required the use of software to manage the process.Instead of developing the software with Army resources, a solicitation was crafted to hire a firm that could accomplish this goal. Mellon and Lovo realized that they did not have the staff level at Corps headquarters necessary to reach the goal of having the first Job Order Contract in place by the end of 1985. On May 21, 1985, Mellon and Lovo had their first Job Order Contracting Executive Conference in Atlanta, Georgia in an effort to gain additional resources to accomplish the goal. Following an introduction of where they were in the process, everyone was divided into subcommittees each having responsibility for completing an aspect of the project. This was before word processors but in a single day drafts for every aspect of this new idea were developed. Refinement of the documents and procedures occurred over the next couple of months with the goal of getting the solicitation for the first contracts on the street around August or September of that year. About this time the Navy and Air Force showed great interest in the Job Order Contracting Process.<mask> briefed Navy staff at Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) and Air Force Staff at Air Force Headquarters on the process. Both service branches asked to be part of the test program with one installation each. The Air Force chose Langley Air Force Base of the Tactical Air Command (TAC). The TAC Engineer was Brigadier General Mike Goodwin. <mask> worked directly with Goodwin to produce the documents necessary to solicit the contract. The Air Force wanted to use a name other than Job Order Contracting for their version of the same system. The price book for the solicitation was held up for a couple of weeks while a name was being formulated.Goodwin called <mask> to inform him of the new name: Simplified Acquisition of Base Engineering Requirements (SABER). In the meantime, the Navy chose Mare Island within Western Division (WESTDIV) as their test site. The commander of WESTDIV at the time was Benjamin F. Montoya, who later became Rear Admiral and Chief of the Navy Civil Engineer Corps and Commander of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command. The Navy decided that they wanted their version of the same system to be called Work Order Contracting (WOC). <mask> made a trip to San Bruno to brief Montoya's staff on the concept. During the presentation, a member of the audience spoke out saying, "You can't do that. That's illegal!"It turns out that the vocal outburst came from <mask>'s father. <mask> had invited the elder <mask> to the presentation to learn about the project being developed by his son. They had dinner together the night before, met in the morning, went to San Bruno's headquarters building together, met the Chief Procurement Officer, Helen Lyle, and then proceeded to the briefing together. Following the outburst, Montoya turned around and look at the elder <mask> upon which <mask> remarked, "Sir, may I introduce you to my father, Commander <mask>, U.S.N. Supply Corps, retired and obviously a contracting guy." At this point, almost everything was going through final review prior to the solicitations being advertised. The one task that had yet to be started was the evaluation plan.The Army Secretariat required a formal approved plan for evaluating the test sites. <mask> and Lovo decided to remove themselves from the distractions of Washington, D.C. and relocate to the Corps' training facility in Huntsville, Alabama. The evaluation plan was written over the course of several weeks. It was a difficult task to determine what was to be evaluated, how to evaluate it, and how to measure the results. <mask> would later recall that this was probably the most cerebral task of the entire development process. 1985: The First Job Order Contracts

Requests for Proposals for all of the test sites were advertised by September 1985. The pre-bids occurred in October and November.These were critical because of the unique nature of the contract. Mellon and Lovo wanted to make sure that the contractors understood the concept and could prepare good proposals. The first Job Order Contract awarded was by the Tulsa District for Fort Sill, OK to Triangle Construction in early December. There was a celebration in Washington among the development team led by Mellon and Lovo, as they had met the deadline to have a Job Order Contract in place by the end of 1985. The second contract was awarded later that December by the Savannah District for Fort Bragg to Tier/Jorgensen. The rest of the test contracts were awarded over the next couple of months and all by the end of February, 1986. The initial reports from the test bases were excellent.One of the first successes was out of Monterrey. A flash flood took out a bridge on the base. The JOC Contractor, Hensel-Phelps, was called on a Friday night, rebuilt the bridge over the weekend, and it was ready to use on Monday morning. The base did not have to pay emergency rates to get this quick response because the task prices were set in the contract at the time of bid. Another test at Fort Ord provided information on the validity of the price structure. The project involved a reroof for a number of family quarters, around 60 units, at Fort Ord. The project was split up: 30 for Job Order Contracting and 30 to be bid out.The Job Order Contracting proposal was to be turned in the same day as the bid. The low bid, submitted by a local roofer from the Monterey area, was fifteen percent higher than the Job Order Contracting proposal. This was typical of what the test showed over time and validated the idea that buying construction in volume would lower the price. The first in progress review was held at Fort Sill, OK in June 1985. It was attended by senior members of the Army staff, senior members of the Corps of Engineers, representative from each of the test bases, representatives from each of the test districts, and all JOC Contractors. Each test base would give a presentation to the group on their experience with Job Order Contracting. The presentations included job numbers, types, and size.It also included successes and failures. These presentations were followed by the districts and then contractors, each talking about the successes and failures. It was obvious to all that there was tremendous support for the system by all involved. However, at one point during the conference, one of the many frustrated contracting officials from the department of the Army stood up and said, "We can't do this. This is just so totally illegal!" The Army Counsel who was present at the time replied, "No, it's actually legal." This outburst demonstrated to all present the frustration that the contracting staff were feeling as they watched their world change to a different paradigm.1987: Job Order Contracting Takes Off

After about two years of testing and a final evaluation, the Army made the decision to make Job Order Contracting available to all. They moved the contracting authority away from the Corps of Engineers and back to local contracting. By now the Army recognized the value of the process. The Federal Acquisition Regulation was amended to define and legitimize the process, and include some restrictions. Job Order Contracting, SABER, and WOC are now institutionalized in the Army, Air Force and Navy. Retirement from The Army
<mask> retired from the Army in July 1986 and joined one of the largest Architectural, Engineering and Constructions firms in the nation, CRSS (Caudill Rowlett Scott Sirrine). As he managed one of several design offices for CRSS, he saw the process that his team developed in Huntsville, to manage the production of price books for Job Order Contracting, begin to erode.By 1990, the Army lost the ability to generate a Job Order Contracting unit price book. Installations began to look to private companies for alternative solutions to their need for a unit price book. Medals and decorations
Lieutenant Colonel <mask> was awarded several medals and decorations during his distinguished career in the Army. Of special note is The Legion of Merit he received for his work "... creating, developing, testing, and fielding a completely new concept for procurement of contractor support for facilities engineering activities", Job Order Contracting. Individual awards

Unit awards

Founding of The Gordian Group
The seeds for the founding of The Gordian Group were planted by Colonel Joe Stewart, USA (ret). Following his retirement from the Corps of Engineers, Stewart was hired by retired Engineer General Charles Williams who was the first president of the newly formed New York City School Construction Authority (SCA). Facing a massive backlog of repairs and alterations, Stewart believed that the JOC process would be an ideal procurement process for accomplishing the backlog.In November 1989, Stewart contacted Mellon and asked if he could assist the SCA in developing a Job Order Contracting program. Utilizing the vast resources of CRSS, Mellon mobilized a team of professionals in New York City in January 1990 to begin the fast track development of the SCA JOC program. Coordinating the effort was Robert Coffey from the CRSS office in Greenville, SC. However, in March 1990, General Williams fell victim to the political realities of New York City and resigned as the SCA's president. The SCA's interest in the JOC process died with General Williams' resignation. It was during this three-month effort in New York City that Mellon and Coffey developed the idea of forming a company to help public agencies develop and implement Job Order Contracting programs. As more and more public works employees left the Federal government and migrated to state and local public agencies they carried their interest in the JOC process with them.It appeared that the time was ripe to start a company focused only on developing and implementing JOC for local public agencies. In June 1990, Mellon and Coffey founded The Gordian Group, Inc. to do just that. References

External links
 Job Order Contracting Information

1946 births
Living people
American businesspeople
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
United States Army

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<mask> (November 20, 1900August 10, 1974) was an American politician. He was a member of the Republican Party, served as mayor of Baltimore twice, from 1943 to 1947 and again from 1963 to 1967. <mask> was the 53rd Governor of Maryland from 1951 to 1959. Early life
<mask> was born in Baltimore. His father had worked as a stonecutter and later was a Baltimore City police officer. He had 10 other siblings. McKeldin attended the noted academic all-male third oldest public high school in America at  The Baltimore City College at night in the "Evening High School of Baltimore" program by the Baltimore City Public Schools while working as a bank clerk during the day.The City College was then located at the southwest corner of North Howard and West Centre Streets since 1875, then in the late 1910s when McKeldin attended until it moved in 1928. He graduated later from the University of Maryland Law School at the original campus of the University of Maryland in Baltimore in 1925, and passed into the Maryland Bar. Two years later, he began his political ascent when worked as a secretary to Mayor William F. Broening (1870–1953, served two terms as mayor, 1919–1923 and 1927–1931), one of the few Republican mayors of the city. McKeldin was also a vice president of the local chapter of the U.S. Junior Chamber of Commerce. In 1934, he was a founding member of Santa Claus Anonymous, a charity organization started during the   "Great Depression" of the 1930s to support children in need, showing his early sense of social consciousness. Political career
McKeldin challenged the Democratic incumbent Mayor of Baltimore, Howard W. Jackson, in the municipal election of 1939, but McKeldin was defeated in the election.He went on challenging incumbent Maryland Governor in the State House three years later - Herbert R. O'Conor in the state election of 1942, and again  was defeated at the polls in this heavily leaning Democratic controlled state. <mask> persisted, and he was elected mayor of Baltimore in 1943. As mayor, he oversaw the construction of Friendship Airport, (since renamed Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport). However, Baltimore saw hard times during this period following the Second World War, with the inner city decaying, ghettos forming, and racial prejudice still present in government policy-making. <mask> ran a second time for governor in 1946, challenging William Preston Lane Jr., but was defeated yet again. <mask> ran for governor a third time in 1950, successfully defeating Lane in a rematch. As governor, McKeldin endeavored to improve the state highway system, namely by establishing the Baltimore Beltway (now I-695), the Capital Beltway (I-495), and the John Hanson Highway (US 50 between Washington, D.C. and the state capital at Annapolis).He was a staunch supporter of interstate cooperation, saying once: "I rode by train over several state borders. I carried no passports. No one asked me to identify myself. No one had the right to. This is America." He was also an advocate for civil rights for African Americans and was awarded the Sidney Hollander Award. In 1952 <mask> was a major figure in the moderate Republicans of the East Coast who were instrumental in gaining the Republican nomination for president for former five-star  General and World War II Commander in Europe and later briefly president of Columbia University in New York City - Dwight D. Eisenhower of Kansas.Speaking in the stentorian tones that were common for the time, McKeldin delivered the principal nominating speech for the former general at the July 1952 Republican National Convention in Chicago. In 1954, he was re-elected against Democratic nominee former "Terrapins" football player and coach becoming University of Maryland at College Park President Harry C."Curley" Byrd by 54.46% to 45.54% who had attracted white segregationist support for his resistance to Black student enrollment at UMD. After his second term in Government House, <mask> retired in 1959 from the governorship and returned to his law practice in Baltimore, succeeded by lower Eastern Shore Democrat J. Millard Tawes of Crisfield. Four years later in 1963, he returned to public service after again being elected  to a second non-consecutive term once again as mayor of his beloved hometown of Baltimore, focusing on the urban renewal of the Baltimore Inner Harbor. He saw the city council vote to condemn 700 homes of the Rosemont neighborhood in 1966 to build the East West Expressway "Highway to nowhere" that he started as a project with Robert Moses in 1941. McKeldin served his second term as mayor until 1967. To date, McKeldin is the last Republican mayor of Baltimore; indeed, he is the last Republican mayoral candidate to win even 25 percent of the vote.He is the first of only two Republican governors in Maryland to be re-elected, the other being Larry Hogan, who was reelected in 2018. Personal
<mask> was born in Baltimore, Maryland, attending Maryland public schools and later graduating from Baltimore City College. He furthered his education by earning his law degree from the University of Maryland School of Law in 1925 and with some graduate work at Johns Hopkins University. <mask> married Honolulu Claire Manzer on October 17, 1924. They had two children, <mask>. and Clara. He died on August 10, 1974, and is buried in Greenmount Cemetery. Dedications
 McKeldin Center at Morgan State University
 McKeldin Library and McKeldin Mall at the University of Maryland, College Park
 Theodore McKeldin Gymnasium at Bowie State University
McKeldin Building at Springfield Hospital Center
McKeldin Beltway, though still widely known as the Baltimore Beltway or Interstate 695
McKeldin Area, Patapsco Valley State Park
McKeldin Planetarium at St. John's College

References

General references
<mask>. <mask> biography from the Maryland State Archives.Accessed Oct 25, 2004. <mask>. McKeldin papers, at University of Maryland Libraries. External links

1900 births
1974 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Governors of Maryland
Mayors of Baltimore
Maryland Republicans
Politicians from Baltimore
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law alumni
Baltimore City College alumni
Republican Party state governors of the United States
20th-century American Episcopalians

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<mask> (born 29 July 1971) is an Australian former professional triathlete and two time World Triathlon Champion. She is one of a few triathletes in the world to have won two ITU world titles. She was the world number one triathlete according to ITU rankings in 1995, 1996 and 1997, and achieved 19 World Cup wins. With seven wins in 1996, she also holds the record for the greatest number of ITU World Series wins in a single season. She is an inductee of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame (2016), the International Triathlon Union Hall of Fame (2014), and the Triathlon Australia Hall of Fame (2012). Early life
<mask> was born in England, but moved with her family to Australia at an early age. Carney began her sporting life as a runner: when she was in grade four, she was the only girl to win a medal in the school (Wesley College) cross-country mixed race.As a teenager <mask> remembers jogging after school every day. "From that time on there has hardly been a day when I haven't trained", she said. At 13 she set a Victorian record in her 3,000 m debut, and at 18 she was winning national school titles. She wanted to go to the Olympics, but realised she was not going to hit her peak as a middle-distance athlete until her late 20s. She reached the finals in the under-20 national championships in the 1,500 m and 3,000 m. As she thought running for another 10 years would be "boring", she decided instead to do some cross-training and triathlons. <mask> quickly became one of the few athletes to represent Australia in two sports - athletics and triathlon. Triathlon
In the spring of 1993, Carney tried her first triathlon, which she won after overcoming a seven-minute deficit from a 700 metre swim.Her accountant father, David, told her, "It's 18 months until the world championship in Wellington. If you learn to swim and train, you'll be the best triathlete in the world." She recalled, "My father went over everything I had to do point by point and it all made sense." ITU racing
In November 1994, she fulfilled her father's prediction, winning the ITU World title — her first international triathlon — by a record margin of 2 minutes 12 seconds. From June 1995 to April 1997, Carney recorded an unbroken string of 12 straight ITU World Cup wins. After a narrow loss to Michellie Jones at the 1997 Monaco World Cup, she recorded another four straight World Cup victories, before adding another ITU World Champion title in November. Viral infections meant that she failed to win the 1995 and 1996 World Championships, but still finished second in 1996.Her fellow 1997 World Champion, Chris McCormack said, "<mask> is hard! ", referring to her shockingly long training at fearlessly high intensity, and her ruthless ferocity in competition. Decline
After winning the Ishigaki World Cup race in April 1998, <mask> never again won a World Cup or World Championship race. In July she could only manage 15th in the World Cup race at Gamagōri, then failed to finish at the Lausanne World Championships in August, but partly recovered to finish fourth in the November Auckland World Cup race. Following a metatarsal injury in 1999 which prevented her running for eight weeks, she finished 3rd in the Montreal World Championships. In 2000, she failed to qualify for the Australian Olympic women's triathlon team, despite an appeal to the CAS. She described this period as a "shitty time", when she could not work out what was wrong.She said, "my reaction to racing badly was to train harder—which was the worst thing I could do for my heart." Despite her problems, she won some races, including the 1998 Australian National Championship, the 1999 Australian Long Course Championship and the 2000 Australian long course and sprint national championships. Retirement from professional triathlon
<mask> was forced to retire from professional triathlon in 2004 after suffering a cardiac arrest in Canada. She was later diagnosed with ventricular tachycardia, a life-threatening condition that causes the heart to beat too fast and out of control, usually during high-intensity anaerobic exercise. The doctors found it difficult to diagnose her condition, partly because <mask>'s resting heart rate when asleep was only 21 bpm. In October 2004 surgeons implanted an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in the right ventricle of her heart. She later speculated, "I always raced so hard that maybe it contributed to damaging my heart.Having said that, I probably was unable to approach it differently. That was just the way I was wired - all or nothing." Later life
In 2006, <mask>'s elder sister Jane died of cancer. She had thought that her heart problems were "really hard", but describes her sister's death as "a well of anguish that surpasses anything I'd ever seen or felt in life." After her ICD implant, doctors told her that she could not exercise at all, but Carney found that not exercising made her heart worse and that instead it was better to exercise a little every day to keep it under control. She then found that she could do "quite a lot" of training, provided she avoids damaging high-intensity spurts. For example, she completed an iroman-length (180 km) bike ride, and hopes eventually to complete a full iron-distance race.Occasionally, she exercised too hard, causing her ICD to "shock" her heart, as happened once when she was out running with her father. It also happened in 2008 when she was taking part in the 299 km Melbourne-to-Warrnambool bike race, when she forgot about her condition and attempted to chase down the leading pack. <mask> has had a strained relationship with her sport's governing body, Triathlon Australia (TA), partly because of their reluctance to allow her to compete, with her well-known heart condition, in their races. She has called on TA to require annual ECG and ultrasound tests of their elite athletes. <mask> now spends her time coaching through her website. Results
Note: only top-ten finishes are shown in the table below. Source: ITU profile.Awards and honours
 2012 - Triathlon Australia Hall of Fame
 2014 - International Triathlon Union Hall of Fame
 2016 - Inducted as Athlete Member of the Sport Australia Hall of Fame

References

External links
 Official website

1971 births
Australian female triathletes
Duathletes
Living people
People educated at Wesley College (Victoria)
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees

masks:
Emma Elizabeth Carney
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