texts:
<mask> (July 14, 1926 – September 15, 2017) was an American actor, musician, and singer. In a career that spanned more than six decades, <mask> played supporting roles in films including Cool Hand Luke (1967), Kelly's Heroes (1970), Dillinger (1973), The Godfather Part II (1974), Alien (1979), Escape from New York (1981), Christine (1983), Repo Man (1984), One Magic Christmas (1985), Pretty in Pink (1986), The Last Temptation of Christ (1988), Wild at Heart (1990), The Straight Story (1999), The Green Mile (1999), Alpha Dog (2006) and Inland Empire (2006). He had rare lead roles in Wim Wenders' Paris, Texas (1984) and in Lucky (2017), his last film. Early life
<mask> was born in West Irvine, Kentucky, to <mask>, a tobacco farmer and barber, and Ersel (née Moberly), a cook. His parents divorced when <mask> was in high school; both later remarried. <mask> had two younger brothers, Archie and Ralph, and a younger half-brother, Stanley McKnight. His family had a musical background.<mask> attended Lafayette High School and the University of Kentucky in Lexington where he performed at the Guignol Theatre under the direction of British theater director Wallace Briggs, and studied journalism and radio arts. "I could have been a writer," he told an interviewer for a 2011 documentary, <mask> <mask>: Crossing Mulholland, in which he sings and plays the harmonica. "I had to decide if I wanted to be a singer or an actor. I was always singing. I thought if I could be an actor, I could do all of it." Briggs encouraged him to leave the university and become an actor. He studied at the Pasadena Playhouse in Pasadena, California, where his classmates included his friends Tyler MacDuff and Dana Andrews.During World War II, <mask> served in the United States Navy, including a stint as a cook aboard the USS LST-970, a Landing Ship, Tank, during the Battle of Okinawa. Career
<mask> appeared in indie and cult films (Two-Lane Blacktop, Cockfighter, Escape from New York, Repo Man), as well as many mainstream Hollywood productions, including Cool Hand Luke, The Godfather Part II, Alien, Red Dawn, Alpha Dog, Pretty in Pink, Stephen King's Christine, and The Green Mile. He was a favorite actor of the directors Sam Peckinpah, John Milius, David Lynch, and Monte Hellman, and was also close friends with Francis Ford Coppola and Jack Nicholson. He was best man at Nicholson's wedding in 1962. He made his first television appearance in 1954 in Inner Sanctum. He played Stoneman in the Have Gun – Will Travel 1959 episode "Treasure Trail", credited under <mask>. He made his film debut in 1957 in the Western Tomahawk Trail.He appeared (uncredited) as a complaining BAR man at the beginning of the 1959 film Pork Chop Hill starring Gregory Peck. Then in 1962 he had a very small part in How the West Was Won, portraying one of Charlie Gant's (Eli Wallach) gang. The following year he had a minor role as a poetry-reciting beatnik in The Man from the Diner's Club. Early in his career he took the name <mask> to avoid confusion with the actor <mask>. His breakthrough part came with the lead role in Wim Wenders' Paris, Texas (1984). Playwright Sam Shepard, who wrote the film's script, had spotted <mask> at a bar in Santa Fe, New Mexico in 1983 while both were attending a film festival in that city. The two fell into conversation."I was telling him I was sick of the roles I was playing," <mask> recalled in a 1986 interview. "I told him I wanted to play something of some beauty or sensitivity. I had no inkling he was considering me for the lead in his movie." Not long afterward, Shepard phoned him in Los Angeles to offer <mask> the part of the protagonist, Travis, "a role that called for the actor to remain largely silent ... as a lost, broken soul trying to put his life back together and reunite with his estranged family after having vanished years earlier." <mask> was a favorite of film critic Roger Ebert, who said that "no movie featuring either <mask> <mask> or M. Emmet Walsh in a supporting role can be altogether bad." However, Ebert later admitted that Dream a Little Dream (1989), in which <mask> appeared, was a "clear violation" of this rule. He had eight appearances between 1958 and 1968 on Gunsmoke, four on the network's Rawhide, three on The Untouchables, two on Bonanza, and an episode of The Rifleman.He later had a cameo in Two and a Half Men (having previously appeared with Jon Cryer in Pretty in Pink and with Charlie Sheen in Red Dawn). Beginning in 2006, <mask> featured as Roman Grant, the manipulative leader/prophet of a polygamous sect on the HBO television series Big Love. <mask> also occasionally toured nightclubs as a singer and guitarist, playing mostly country-inflected cover tunes. He appeared in the Dwight Yoakam music video for "Sorry You Asked", portrayed a cantina owner in a Ry Cooder video for "Get Rhythm", and participated in the video for Bob Dylan's "Dreamin' of You". He worked with a number of musical artists, Dylan, Art Garfunkel, and Kris Kristofferson among them, and played harmonica on The Call's 1989 album Let the Day Begin. In 2010, <mask> appeared in an episode of the TV series Chuck, reprising his role from the 1984 film Repo Man. In 2011, the Lexington Film League created an annual festival, the Harry Dean Stanton Fest, to honor <mask> in the city where he spent much of his adolescence.In 2012, he had a brief cameo in The Avengers and a key role in the action comedy Seven Psychopaths. He also appeared in the Arnold Schwarzenegger action film The Last Stand (2013). <mask> was the subject of a 2013 documentary, Harry <mask> Stanton: Partly Fiction, directed by Sophie Huber and featuring film clips, interviews with collaborators (including Wenders, Shepard, Kris Kristofferson, and David Lynch), and <mask>'s singing. In 2017, he appeared in Twin Peaks: The Return, a continuation of David Lynch's 1990–91 television series. <mask> reprised his role as Carl Rodd from Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me. His last on-screen appearances are as a sheriff in Frank & Ava and a starring role as a 90-year-old man nicknamed "Lucky" and his struggles against encroaching old age in Lucky. Death
<mask> died aged 91 on September 15, 2017, at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, California.His ashes were spread outside downtown Lexington, Kentucky. In popular culture
<mask> was celebrated in "I Want That Man", a 1989 song recorded by <mask> which begins with the line "I want to dance with <mask>". In her memoir, <mask> writes that <mask> heard the song and arranged to meet her at a club in London. She coyly refuses to reveal what happened next. Pop Will Eat Itself released a track titled "<mask> <mask>" on their album The Looks or the Lifestyle? His lead role in the film Paris, Texas, was memorialized in Hayes Carll's 2019 song "American Dream" with the lyrics, "like <mask> <mask> on a drive-in screen, a tumbleweed blowing through Paris, Texas, he fell down into the American dream." Ian McNabb recorded the song "<mask> Stanton" on his album Utopian, released in January 2021.McNabb noted the following about the track:  "I didn't know too much about him and didn't really want to because I knew I had to write a song using his name as the title, so I wrote these lyrics for and around him - I imagined what it must be like to be him - while dropping some of my own experiences into the narrative. I was lurking around Dylan's Blind Willie McTell and Lenny Bruce - I wanted that atmosphere. I've never claimed to be original." Selected filmography

 Revolt at Fort Laramie (1957)
 Ride in the Whirlwind (1966)
 Cool Hand Luke (1967)
 Kelly's Heroes (1970)
 Pat Garrett & Billy the Kid (1973)
 Where the Lilies Bloom (1974)
 The Godfather Part II (1974)
 Farewell My Lovely  (1975)
 The Missouri Breaks (1976)
 Straight Time (1978)
 Alien (1979)
 The Rose (1979)
 Wise Blood (1979)
 Escape from New York (1981)
 Christine (1983)
 Repo Man (1984)
 Paris, Texas (1984)
 Red Dawn (1984)
 One Magic Christmas (1985)
 Pretty in Pink (1986)
 The Last Temptation of Christ (1988)
 Wild at Heart (1990)
 Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992)
 Down Periscope (1996)
 Fire Down Below (1997)
 Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998)
 The Green Mile (1999)
 The Straight Story (1999)
 Alpha Dog (2006)
 Inland Empire (2006)
 Rango (2011)
 The Avengers (2012)
 The Last Stand (2013)
 Lucky (2017)

Selected television

Explanatory notes

References

External links

  (from NJ.com)

1926 births
2017 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male singers
American male television actors
American male voice actors
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Male actors from Kentucky
Military personnel from Kentucky
People from Irvine, Kentucky
Singers from Kentucky
United States Navy sailors
University of Kentucky alumni

masks:
Harry Dean Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Sheridan Harry Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Harry Dean
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Dean Stanton
Dean Stanton
Harry Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Harry Dean
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Dean
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Stanton
Deborah Harry
Harry Dean
Harry
Stanton
Harry Dean
Stanton
Harry Dean
Stanton
Harry Dean


type: original

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<mask> (born 1929) is professor emeritus of physics at Cornell University, known for his work in the areas of quantum mechanics and particle physics. He is also a co-founder with Henry Way Kendall of the Union of Concerned Scientists. He has written extensively in the areas of physics and arms control. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Vienna, Austria in 1929. In 1939, after their home in Austria was raided on Kristallnacht, his family emigrated to Montreal, Quebec, Canada. <mask> attended McGill University, studying both theoretical and engineering physics. <mask> studied with Victor Weisskopf at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1952 to 1955, completing his Ph.D. thesis, Investigations Based on the Bohr-Mottelson Nuclear Model.There he studied deformed nuclei, developing models to describe wave functions and energy levels associated with nucleonic motion in a nonspherical force field, and comparing the results of those models to empirical data. His roommate at MIT was Henry Kendall. Career
Gottfried married Sorel Dickstein in 1955, who he credits as being instrumental in the founding of the Union of Concerned Scientists and an invaluable collaborator over the course of his life. He then held short-term academic positions at Harvard University (1955–1958), CERN, the Niels Bohr Institute, and again at Harvard (1961–1964) before accepting a position in the physics department at Cornell University in 1964. Gottfried became an associate professor at Cornell in 1964, a professor in 1968, and professor emeritus in 1998. He was a visiting professor at MIT from 1968-1969, and took a leave of absence to work at CERN from 1970-1973. He served as Department Chair of the Physics department at Cornell University from 1991-1994.Research

Gottfried worked with J. David Jackson in the 1960s on production and decay of unstable resonances in high-energy hadronic collisions. They introduced the use of the density matrix to connect production mechanisms to the decay patterns and described the influence of competing processes ("absorption") on the reactions. Gottfried studied meson-nucleon reactions, high-energy electron-proton scattering and the spectroscopy of heavy-quark bound states; and proposed the Gottfried sum rule for deep inelastic scattering to test the elementary quark model. Gottfried's Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, originally published in 1966, is considered "one of the most used and respected accounts of quantum theory". Gottfried is known for his work in the 1970s on charmonium, with Estia J. Eichten, Toichiro Kinoshita, Ken Lane and Tung-Mow Yan. Gottfried served as chair of the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society in 1981. With Victor Weisskopf, he wrote Concepts of Particle Physics (1984), which was hailed as "An authoritative presentation of the basic concepts of particle physics by two internationally recognized leaders in the field."Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals was one of the influences spurring John Stewart Bell to write his polemical 'Against measurement' (1990). Since Bell's death, <mask> has become one of his major commentators. The second edition of Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, co-authored with Tung-Mow Yan, "is of exceptional interest, historical and otherwise". Union of Concerned Scientists
He is a co-founder of the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS). The organization was first formed on March 4, 1969, when Gottfried, Kendall and other faculty at MIT organized a "teach-in" during which regular research would stop, and students and faculty would examine "misuse of scientific and technical knowledge" that "presents a major threat to the existence of mankind." Concerns included the Vietnam war, nuclear weapons, and environmental issues. Gottfried has served on the board of directors of the UCS since 1978 and as its Vice-Chairman and Chairman (1999–2009).Issues of particular concern to Gottfried are nuclear arms control, scientific integrity in the face of government pressure, and human rights. In 1982, Gottfried and Hans Bethe drafted a letter to Leonid Brezhnev protesting Soviet treatment of peace activists in the Soviet Union. As a member of the executive committee of SOS (Scientists For Sakharov, Orlov And Shcharansky)
Gottfried helped lead successful efforts to bring dissident scientist Yuri Orlov out of exile in Siberia, and offer him a position at Cornell, which Orlov accepted. Gottfried, Kendall, Hans Bethe, Richard Garwin and others strongly critiqued the U.S. "Star Wars" missile defense program. Gottfried also co-edited Crisis Stability And Nuclear War (1988). The American Academy of Arts and Sciences cooperated with Cornell University's Peace Studies Program to sponsor a study on nuclear weapons and the command and control systems of the United States and the Soviet Union. Gottfried and Bruce G. Blair edited the resulting book, representing the thinking of fifteen leading analysts.In 2004, <mask> drafted the UCS statement Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policy Making, which criticized the Bush administration and called for "restoration of scientific integrity in the United States". It was released on February 18, 2004, and supported by two UCS reports: Scientific Integrity in Policy Making: An Investigation into the Bush Administration's Misuse of Science and Scientific Integrity in Policy Making: Further investigation of the Bush administration's abuse of science. Awards and honors
<mask> is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received the 1992 Leo Szilard Award. He is also a member of the Council of Foreign Relations. References

External links

Living people
21st-century American physicists
Cornell University faculty
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
Theoretical physicists
1929 births
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
McGill University Faculty of Science alumni
Scientists from Vienna
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
People associated with CERN

masks:
Kurt Gottfried
Gottfried
Gottfried
Gottfried
Gottfried
Gottfried
Gottfried


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<mask> (born July 18, 1941) is an American R&B and pop singer and former politician. She is the lead singer of the Motown girl group Martha and the Vandellas which scored over a dozen hit singles, including "Come and Get These Memories", "Nowhere to Run", "Heat Wave", "Jimmy Mack", and their signature "Dancing In The Street". From 2005 until 2009, <mask> served as an elected council woman for the city of Detroit, Michigan. Early life
<mask> was born in Eufaula, Alabama, the first daughter of <mask> and <mask>, and the third of the couple's 11 children. She was a baby when the family moved from Eufaula to Detroit, Michigan, where her grandfather, Reverend <mask>, was a minister at Detroit's Metropolitan Church. The family was very active in the church and its choir. Elijah played guitar, and Ruby liked to sing; the children acquired their love of music from their parents.At Detroit's Northeastern High School, her vocal coach was Abraham Silver, who also worked with Florence Ballard and Mary Wilson (of the Supremes) and Bobby Rogers (of the Miracles). Raised on gospel, and inspired by singers like Lena Horne and Della Reese, <mask> became a fan of R&B and doo-wop music. She joined the Fascinations in 1959, but left the group before they became a recording act. Career
1957 was her first association with Rosalind Ashford, Gloria Williams and Annette Beard in a group then known as The Del-Phis, formed after a man named Edward "Pops" Larkins was starting a sister singing group to complement a male vocal group of his. The Del-Phis were popular local performers. <mask> was reportedly an admirer of the group and was a friend of Gloria Williams, who hired <mask> to join the group in 1960. Through 1960 and 1961, <mask> made ends meet working several jobs by day and worked as a singer in nighttime hours singing jazz and blues standards at some of Detroit's respected nightclubs.Singing at the 20 Grand, <mask> was spotted by Motown A&R director Mickey Stevenson, who recognized her talent, gave her his business card and invited her to audition. <mask>, who used the stage name <mask>ille showed up at Motown's Hitsville USA studios the next morning, not knowing that she was to call to schedule an audition. Stevenson asked her to answer phones while he took care of other business. Using the skills she had learned in commercial courses in high school, <mask> answered phones, took notes, administered payroll for Motown's famed Funk Brothers, and made herself invaluable. (Stevenson and <mask> give a different account of this in the 2019 documentary Hitsville: The Making of Motown. Directly quoting Stevenson: “She came to audition a few times. I would find nice ways of saying, ‘<mask>, you know, come back later.’” <mask> added, “And I must have looked like I was gonna cry or something, cos he said, ‘Answer this phone.I'll be right back.’ This "right back" was four hours.”

As for the missed session by Mary Wells referenced in the following paragraph, according to Berry Gordy, Motown routinely recorded without a singer present, in violation of union rules: “We were recording sometimes tracks without the singer, and according to the Union, you had to have a singer singing it live. You couldn't do tracks in those days.” A Union representative made a surprise visit, and Berry said, Everybody went crazy, saying, “Well, you're doing a session in there and the Union guy is coming. We told Mickey, “Man, we've got to put somebody on the mic.’ His secretary overheard it….Then she grabbed the mic and started singing it, and she was <mask>.”)

Before long, <mask> was working several hours at Hitsville as Stevenson's right hand. (She also did A&R work in addition to secretarial work for Motown.) By 1961, the Del-Phis had changed their name to The Vels and recorded singles for Checker and Checkmate Records. One day, when Mary Wells could not attend a session, <mask> stepped up to the microphone and called in the Del-Phis. With "I'll Have to Let Him Go", <mask> and the Vandellas was born.Then, when the Andantes could not make a session to back the Miracles' drummer on songs he was recording, <mask> called her groupmates. The ladies (a trio after Williams' departure) provided backup vocals for Marvin Gaye's "Stubborn Kind of Fellow". The single became a hit. <mask> and the Vandellas backed Gaye on his first three singles, his first album, and on stage—even after they had their own hits. <mask> and the Vandellas

With her brassy and gospel-reared vocals, <mask> helped <mask> and the Vandellas ascend from background singers with early songs such as "Come and Get These Memories" and "Heat Wave", distinguishing the group from contemporaries and labelmates the Marvelettes, who preceded them, and the Supremes, who followed them. After "Heat Wave" became the group's first million-seller, <mask> and the Vandellas quickly rose to become one of the label's top draws both as recording stars and as a successful live act. <mask> was the one consistent member of the group staying throughout all the group's incarnations and lineups.After the exits of original members Annette Beard and Rosalind Ashford, members replacing them included Betty Kelly, Sandra Tilley (both formerly of the Velvelettes) and one of <mask>'s sisters, <mask>. Among the singles released that became signature hits for the group are "Quicksand", "In My Lonely Room", "Live Wire", "Nowhere to Run", "A Love Like Yours (Don't Come Knocking Everyday)", "I'm Ready for Love", "Jimmy Mack", "Honey Chile" and the group's most popular single, "Dancing in the Street". Their television appearances included The Mike Douglas Show, The Joey Bishop Show, American Bandstand, Where the Action Is, Shindig, Swingin' Time, Soul Train, The Ed Sullivan Show, and with Brit soul singer Dusty Springfield, on the UK show Ready Steady Go! The group was also featured in major magazine articles in Johnson Publishing Corp. publications including HEP, Ebony and JET, and in SOUL newspaper and SOUL Illustrated magazine. <mask> was also an early contributing writer for SOUL. With major success came challenges. They faced standard girl group struggles, struggling to have personal lives while maintaining relentless recording and touring schedules.When original member Rosalind Ashford left in 1968, <mask> recruited Sandra Tilley and the lineup of <mask> and <mask> and Tilley continued until 1972 when the group disbanded shortly after issuing the Black Magic album. In 1972, after Motown moved from Detroit to Los Angeles, <mask> negotiated out of her contract, ending her tenure with the label. In 1989, <mask>, Rosalind Ashford, and Annette Beard filed a lawsuit against Motown Records for royalties on the group's records not received since 1972. The company reached a settlement with the women in 1991. Berry Gordy, Jr. apologized to <mask> for the length of time in reaching the agreement and the terms of the settlement were not made public. Solo career
After leaving Motown and moving to Los Angeles, <mask> was signed by MCA by late 1973. Her first project, released in January 1974, was the soundtrack for the blaxploitation film Willie Dynamite with jazz trombonist J. J. Johnson.In the summer of the year, MCA released her self-titled album, produced by Richard Perry. It was reportedly the most expensive album of that time, costing $250,000, and featuring other star musicians including Billy Preston, Joe Sample and James Taylor. Despite positive reviews, it failed to generate commercial success as did <mask>' subsequent follow-ups on other labels including Arista and Fantasy. Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said, "This attempted masterpiece doesn't make it because Richard Perry has failed the fundamental test of the interpretive producer—matching performer and material. To an extent, this is <mask>'s fault—her gorgeous voice has trouble gripping complicated ideas." In Los Angeles, <mask> took acting classes at the Lee Strasberg Institute. She appeared in the movie Fairy Tales and on the television series Quincy, ME.<mask> also appeared on TVgame shows such as Hollywood Squares. In 1977, with the help of former Motown producer Frank Wilson, <mask> became a born-again Christian, joining the Mt. Zion Missionary Baptist Church, pastored by Rev. EV Hill. She released one album on Arista, working with Clive Davis, the Chairmen of the Board's General Johnson and others, and two albums on the Fantasy label, working with other former Motown colleagues Hank Cosby and Holland, Dozier and Holland. In 1983, she performed solo on the famed Motown 25 special. She then performed in a Broadway production of Ain't Misbehavin' and reunited with original members of the Vandellas in 1989 both on record (recording for the London-based Motorcity Records that year issuing the single "Step into My Shoes") and on tour.In 1995, <mask> and the Vandellas were inducted to the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and were inducted to the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2003. <mask> performed as part of the halftime show of Super Bowl XXXII in 1998, with her sisters (and Vandellas), Lois and Delphine <mask>. In 2004, <mask> released her first album in 24 years, Home to You, with songs she wrote and produced herself except for a Billie Holiday cover and an updated version of her big hit, "Jimmy Mack". Between leaving the Vandellas and her solo career, <mask> served as an early contributor to the music newspaper, Soul, for which she was honored for by the Black Women in Publishing organization. She was also honored for her best-selling 1995 autobiography, Dancing in the Street. "Wild Night" was featured on the soundtrack to the feature Thelma & Louise. The song can be heard during one of the several crucial moments in the lead characters' lives.<mask> has sometimes opened her live performances with this number. "Nowhere to Run" is the first record played by Robin Williams as manic DJ Adrian Cronauer in the movie Good Morning, Vietnam.Her solo television appearances include The Midnight Special (1974), Soul Train (1971 and 1974), Don Kirschner's Rock Concert (1972), The Dennis Miller Show (1987) (singing "Georgia On My Mind" with James Brown), VH-1's Divas Celebrate Soul, singing her 1965 hit "Nowhere To Run" backed by singers Marsha Ambrosius and Sharon Jones of the Dap-Kings; on Jimmy Kimmel Live! with the Crystal Method and a stellar group of rockers including Brain from Nine Inch Nails, Rob Fortus from Guns N' Roses and Darryl Jones from the Rolling Stones, and on Dancing With the Stars with the Temptations and Smokey Robinson. That same week she was back on the music charts with a recording entitled "I'm Not Leaving" with the Crystal Method. She appeared as a musical guest on the first season of Saturday Night Live (hosted by Candice Bergen) in December 1975, performing "Silver Bells" and "Higher and Higher". In January 2012, <mask> held court at London's Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club with a sold out six-show stand that drew celebrity friends like Phil Collins and Boy George. Other recent appearances include Carnegie Hall, the Blue Note (Milan, Italy), the Howard Theater (Washington, DC), the Dakota Jazz Club (Minneapolis), BB King Blues Club (NYC), the Cheltenhem Jazz Festival and the Mouth of the Tyne Festival.In November 2015, just weeks after the terrorist bombings in Brussels and Paris, <mask> and her co-horts embarked on a sold-out tour of clubs and theatres in the city of lights and throughout Belgium. <mask> received an honorary PhD in Humanities on November 25, 2012, in Detroit. She was inducted as a solo artists into the Rhythm and Blues Hall of Fame on Oct 4, 2015. <mask> received the Sandy Hosey Lifetime Achievement Award at the Artists Music Guild's 2015 AMG Heritage Awards on November 14, 2015, in Monroe, North Carolina. She is featured in Alabama's 2016 Black History calendar, sponsored by AT&T. In August 2016, <mask> and the Vandellas were presented in concert at London's Hippodrome, where various Motown artists recorded live albums in the 1960s and 1970s. Current work
After serving on the Detroit City Council from 2005 to 2009, <mask> returned to full-time performing with nearly 50 shows annually, including a major tour of Australia in 2010.She regularly appears at festivals in the UK during the summer, and for her performances was nominated for two UK Festival Awards, as "Best Headliner" and "Feel Good Act of the Summer." <mask> is a board member of SAG-AFTRA Detroit chapter. In 2007, she testified before Congress on behalf of musicians, session singers and recording artists for better wages and royalties. She was honored for her hard work and courage in 2007 by delegates and members of AFTRA. She is also on the board of SoundExchange, a non-profit performance rights organization that collects royalties on behalf of sound recording copyright owners and featured artists for non-interactive digital transmissions, including satellite and internet radio. She made a cameo appearance in the film Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny, as a passer-by listening to the duo on the boardwalk. This information was revealed in the film's DVD audio commentary by Kyle Gass.<mask> continues to perform concerts and club dates both solo and with her Vandellas—sisters Lois (Motown-era Vandella since 1967) and Delphine (since mid-1980s). In September 2019, <mask> was one of the celebrity contestants taking part on the BBC One show Celebrity MasterChef in the UK. Discography

Albums
1973: Willie Dynamite Soundtrack (MCA Records)
1974: <mask> (MCA) - AUS #94
1975: Rainbow (Phonarama)
1977: The Rest of My Life (Arista)
1978: We Meet Again (Fantasy)
1980: Gotta Keep Moving (Fantasy)
2004: Home To You (Itch/True Life Entertainment)

Singles
"Power of Love" (1974) - USA #76
"Wild Night" (1974)  - AUS #95
"Love Blind" (1975)
"I'm Not Leaving" with Crystal Method (2012)

References

External links

Motown star <mask> holding 8th spot in Detroit council race
Motown's <mask> advances to Detroit City Council general election

1941 births
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
American women pop singers
American soul singers
American contraltos
MCA Records artists
People from Eufaula, Alabama
<mask> and the Vandellas members
Detroit City Council members
Women in Michigan politics
Motown artists
Women city councillors in Michigan
Singers from Detroit
African-American city council members in Michigan
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women

masks:
Martha Rose Reeves
Reeves
Martha Rose Reeves
Elijah Joshua Reeves
Ruby Lee Gilmore Reeves
Elijah Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Martha Lava
Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Reeves
Martha
Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Martha
Martha
Martha
Martha Reeves
Martha
Martha
Martha
Martha
Lois Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Martha
Lois Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Martha
Martha
Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Martha Reeves
Reeves
Reeves
Martha
Martha
Martha Reeves
Martha Reeves
Reeves
Martha


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<mask> (; 1873 – 1944) was a Montenegrin and Yugoslav politician. Starting out as a prominent leader of the True People's Party in the Principality of Montenegro, state that would soon transform into a kingdom, Plamenac was a staunch supporter of the country's monarch Prince Nikola Petrović-Njegoš who changed his role to king in 1910. As World War I broke out and King Nikola secretly fled the country after it got invaded by the Central powers, Plamenac denounced the king. Following the war, Plamenac became one of the leaders of the Greens and one of the chief protagonists of the 1919 Christmas Rebellion in opposition to the post-war Montenegrin unification with Serbia and subsequent creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon fleeing to Italy in wake of the failed rebellion, Plamenac became head of the Montenegrin authorities in exile. At the post he presided over units of exiled Greens who trained in the town of Gaeta with Italian support before being covertly shipped back home across the Adriatic where a low-level guerrilla insurgency continued even after the failed rebellion. Plamenac also tried to gain political support abroad for his organization's opposition to the newly created South Slavic state, but achieved very little in that regard.By the mid-1920s, Plamenac did a complete turnaround, deciding to cut a deal with the Kingdom of SCS authorities, which allowed him to return home where he became a centrist politician with the People's Radical Party of Nikola Pašić. Plamenac was declared guilty of collaboration and executed by the Yugoslav Partisans in 1944. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in 1873 in the village of Boljevići (in Montenegro). He started his education in the Boljevići and Cetinje, later moving to Belgrade and Aleksinac, where he studied for a teacher. He graduated in Pakrac, in the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia (Austria-Hungary), before going to the German Empire and attending a two-year pedagogical course in Jena. After successfully completing it, he returned to Montenegro and became a teacher at the theological and teacher training school in Cetinje. Political career in Montenegro
From 1907 until 1909, Plamenac served as the Minister of Education in the government of Lazar Tomanović.During his time in office, he sought control over some military affairs allocated the Ministry of Interior until the government's mandate expired in 1910, when the Principality was transformed into a kingdom. He was reemployed by Duke Mitar Martinović as Minister of Internal Affairs and Representative of the Minister of Education during the crucial time of the Balkan Wars (1912–13). During the wars Montenegro secured most of its present-day territory from the Ottomans and a common border with Serbia was finally achieved, presenting the unification of the two realms as his top priority. During the following years of political dominance of the People's Party, he was a confidant of the Montenegrin court. After the Kingdom of Montenegro was invaded by the Central Powers during World War I and King Nikola I Petrović-Njegoš secretly fled the country to Italy, Plamenac denounced him heavily for treason and wrote for the Sarajevo's Bosnian Post on 6 April 1916 that it may be considered as if the king no longer exists. Plamenac belonged to the faction of young and ambitious career civil servants who, unlike most of their generation, were absolutely loyal to the king and had a pro-regime political stance. They achieved their goals through intrigue, political marriages and nepotism.They were pejoratively known as Uskogaće (Tight-trousers) because of their forced and distasteful western European fashion, which they promoted as a modern concept at the time when national attire was still a main form of dressing in Montenegro. <mask> and Sekula Drljević were the youngest ministers in Montenegrin governments during eight years of constitutional period. Christmas Uprising

By 1918, Montenegrin guerrillas devastated the occupying forces greatly and Allies broke into the country by the end of the year. With the resistance declaring a greater unified Serbian state and movements evidently being made towards Serbia's annexation of Montenegro, he became a fierce opponent of any sort of creation of Yugoslavia. After his political course lost at the Podgorica Assembly, which deposed King Nikola and declared unconditional unification with Serbia, he joined the "Greens" who refused to recognize the unification and resorted to armed rebellion in order to take power in Montenegro by force and expel the Serbians and other Allies. He placed Krsto Zrnov Popović as the commander-in-chief of the Greens. Upon hearing that an all-out armed rebellion is preparing, three days before the escalation of conflicts the Entente High Command authorized usage of force to defend the possible hot zones.On 1 January 1919 Plamenac's partisan unit attacked the town of Virpazar on Lake Skadar, but was repelled by Italian armed forces of Commandant Molinaro from Shkodër. Receiving contact with Italian armed forces at the coastline and securing an amount of basic weaponry, as Italy had influential interests in Montenegro, the real insurgency was instigated around Cetinje's on 7 January 1919. It became known as the Christmas Rebellion. The Greens recruited peasants in the surrounding villages and quickly laid siege to Cetinje. But the Allies mounted fierce resistance, in particular the Montenegrin Youth of the pro-Serbian Whites and the French. The one-day battle was lost, between 20 and 30 Green draftees were killed and others were caught by the Allied forces. Other regiments like the one besieging Nikšić were defeated too, the remainder hid into the forests and started guerrilla resistance which continued over the following years, committing surprise attacks on the Whites and their supporters and Plamenac escaped to Albania to evade getting caught.In exile
Exiled King Nikola, living in the French town of Neuilly, publicly criticized the insurgency and called for all those who cherished his name and who remain loyal to him to lay down arms in the name of peace and no war between brothers. Also amazed by his capabilities, Nikola sacked Milo Matanović's eventually pro-Serbian cabinet and nominated <mask> <mask> as the new Prime Minister of his government-in-exile on 17 February 1919, in which he was also the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Representative of the Minister of Internal Affairs. During this time <mask> complained greatly to the international community regarding the annexation of Montenegro, on the grounds of the lack of legality for such an act. He also complained about allegations of atrocities and brutal repression conducted by the French and Serbian forces in occupied Montenegro. The International Commission mandated by the Allied Powers and approved by the League of Nations failed to confirm this during its investigation in Montenegro, actually criticizing <mask> and the Italians for escalation of conflicts and raising tensions in Montenegro. He also traveled as Nikola's envoy to London, hoping for some of the pro-Montenegrin sympathies of the United Kingdom's public. He managed to initiate a discussion over the Montenegrin question, raising the matter in the British House of Lords, but found no greater support in it.He also wrote to the President of the United States of America Woodrow Wilson on the terms to restore Montenegrin statehood, at least in the forms of a confederate Yugoslavia. By 1920 in the Italian town of Gaeta a 1,500 men strong Army with 62 officers that was formed became financially backed by the Italian government, on the proposal of the Socialists. <mask>'s cabinet recognized the army as the legal Montenegrin Army in exile. These forces were covertly transferred to the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, where they instigated armed incidents in Montenegro, thus maintaining a form of open conflict. On 6 August 1919 the property of Andrija Radović, the orchestrator of Montenegrin–Serbian unification, was attacked and burnt to the ground, and his father was killed. Belgrade accused Plamenac of oppression. By late 1920, the Constitutional Assembly elections took place in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes; the Allied Powers had previously agreed to consider it a final self-determination event in Montenegro.International watchers from Britain and France concluded that the election was conducted with democratic standards and, in accordance to the fact that the strong majority of Montenegrins turned to vote despite the Greens' call for boycott, for a total victory in favour of unionism; the Great Powers broke off diplomatic relations to Plamenac's government-in-exile, giving a final blow to his premiership. On 1 March 1921 Nicholas died of old age. His only son, crown prince Danilo, similarly to numerous other Montenegrin leaders in exile, expressed reluctance to accept the throne so he abdicated in favor of his nephew Mihailo and remained in anonymity in Rome. Mihailo was a minor, thus, in accordance to the Constitution, <mask> <mask> declared himself co-Regent of the Kingdom together with Queen Milena Vukotić, Nikola's widow. The institutions were moved to San Remo in Italy, since France broke off relations and Italy, still having interests in the Adriatic, decided to financially back them. By June 1921 Plamenac went into a personal conflict with the Italian Foreign Minister Sforza, so he was forced to resign from the seat of PM, leaving it behind on 28 June 1921 to General Milutin Vučinić, but remained the key man behind as a member of the Regency. Vučinić surprisingly died soon, so the Queen invited to appoint General Anto Gvozdenović as the new PM.Return to Kingdom of SCS
Montenegrin Queen Regent Milena came from a strong pro-Serbian unionist family, so she eventually decided to disband the Montenegrin government-in-exile and abolish any Montenegrin resistance to Serbo-Croato-Slovene unity, and was also tired of the years of disputes and fighting. Fiercely opposing this, Plamenac and 20 armed men besieged and assaulted the Montenegrin Consulate at Riviera, Queen Milena's residing place, and stripped the Queen of her regency, forcefully taking control over the government-in-exile and the Montenegrin Archives, proclaiming himself supreme Premier. Although Italy considered it an internal problem, it did not want to allow a conflict on its soil, reported by contemporary Italian media as a "mini-civil war", so eventually pro-Milena Milo Vujović and his armed guards managed to secure the structures occupied by Plamenac and temporarily control the government before the formation of Gvozdenović's cabinet. Plamenac's belief was that the Queen Regent was not acting in the best Montenegrin interests and that she had had no jurisdiction on making such a crucial decision, being merely a regent of the underage King Danilo. However, Plamenac's acts did make the Queen Regent abandon her aims and the Montenegrin authorities in exile had continued to exist for roughly two more years. Desperate and looking for support, Plamenac headed to Rome to found a special council for the restoration of Montenegrin sovereignty, separate from the main government-in-exile which was dominated more and more by a defeatist approach and had opened direct contact with the Yugoslav authorities. However, as this occurred in 1923, Italy quickly expelled him as after the Treaty of Rapallo it had abandoned its anti-Yugoslavian policies.<mask> <mask> wanted to find refuge in the United States of America, announcing a foundation of an alternate Montenegrin government-in-exile in New York City. However, his Montenegrin papers were no longer recognized anywhere in the world, so he was detained on Ellis Island as an illegal immigrant. In 1925, Plamenac gave up in futility and withdrew from the Regency, then taken over by Gvozdenović. In accordance to the rehabilitation program of King Alexander I Karađorđević, no charges were raised against Plamenac and he freely moved to Belgrade. On 31 January 1925, he wrote in repent and swore an oath of loyalty to the king:

Plamenac immediately enrolled the Yugoslavian political life as a member of the People's Radical Party of Nikola Pašić. He also became a Minister in the Kingdom's Government, causing an outburst of public controversy regarding his post, nevertheless King Alexander remained strictly supportive on the matter, as part of his rehabilitation program. After Pašić's death, Plamenac quickly advanced in the Radicals' hierarchy and became a vigorous supporter and advocate of its policies of centrism.He became the regime's champion in the political fights against the Peasants of the pro-Green Montenegrin Federalist Party, accusing it for separatism and support of Yugoslavia's destruction. World War II and death

Years after, in his old age, the Axis forces invaded Yugoslavia and partitioned it in 1941. Plamenac left Belgrade for the Italian governorate of Montenegro, an Axis puppet-state, joining Sekula Drljević in collaboration with Fascist Italy. In 1943, the Italian Fascists were defeated, and in 1944 the Communist Partisans caught Plamenac. He was subsequently read a verdict accusing him of collaboration and was then executed by a firing squad. References

1873 births
1944 deaths
People from Bar, Montenegro
Government ministers of Montenegro
Prime Ministers of Montenegro
Montenegrin nationalists
Recipients of Yugoslav royal pardons
Montenegrin collaborators with Fascist Italy
Montenegrin collaborators with Nazi Germany
Executed Montenegrin people
Executed Yugoslav collaborators with Nazi Germany
People killed by Yugoslav Partisans
Zelenaši
Montenegrin independence activists

masks:
Jovan Simonov Plamenac
Jovan
Plamenac
Plamenac
Jovan
Plamenac
Plamenac
Plamenac
Plamenac
Jovan
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Jovan
Plamenac


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<mask> (born 2 August 1951) is an English musician, best known as a guitarist. He is associated with the Canterbury scene and has worked in experimental domains since the late 1960s. Besides his solo recordings he has been a member of Khan, Gong and System 7. History

Early career
<mask> was born in Chingford, which was then in Essex but is now part of Greater London. Whilst still at school, he joined his first band, a blues rock band called Uriel, with Dave Stewart, Mont Campbell and Clive Brooks. The band split up in 1968 with the other members going on to form Egg, but they briefly re-united under assumed names to record the album Arzachel in 1969. <mask> also guested on Egg's 1974 album The Civil Surface.In 1969, <mask> began studies at the University of Kent in Canterbury, befriending local bands Caravan and Spirogyra and occasionally jamming with them. Meanwhile, he wrote songs and, by late 1970, had accumulated enough material for an album. Caravan put him in touch with their manager Terry King, who got <mask> signed with Deram on the basis of a demo of his material recorded with the help of Dave Stewart of Egg. In early 1971, <mask> formed Khan with bassist/vocalist Nick Greenwood, formerly of Crazy World of Arthur Brown. Although future Gong and Hatfield and the North drummer Pip Pyle was involved in the early stages, the line-up finally settled with the inclusion of organist Dick Heninghem and drummer Eric Peachey, both of whom had recently collaborated on Greenwood's solo project Cold Cuts, recorded in California in 1970 but belatedly released in 1972. Following a series of concerts throughout 1971, several of them supporting label mates Caravan, Khan began recording their debut album in November, by which time Heninghem had left, forcing Hillage to bring in his former bandmate Dave Stewart to play the keyboard parts. By the time Space Shanty came out in May 1972, Canadian <mask> (formerly of Toronto's popular soul-rock band Grant Smith & The Power) had filled the vacancy, making his debut on a short European tour (including a televised appearance at the Montreux Festival) and continuing with a UK tour supporting Caravan in June.By then, musical disagreements between <mask> and Greenwood culminated with the latter's departure. Hillage decided to form a new line-up with a slightly different direction, retaining the services of Peachey and asking Stewart back, and adding Nigel Griggs (later of Split Enz) on bass. New compositions by <mask> and Stewart were added to the repertoire, including "I Love Its Holy Mystery", which would form the basis of <mask>'s later Solar Musick Suite. <mask> broke up the band in October 1972. <mask> promptly joined Kevin Ayers' new live band Decadence, participating in Ayers' 1973 album Bananamour (Harvest, May 1973) and touring the UK and France for two months. Having in the meantime become a fan of Gong after meeting Daevid Allen, hearing Camembert Electrique and Allen's solo album Banana Moon, as well as meeting his longtime partner Miquette Giraudy through Allen, <mask> stayed in France after the Ayers tour to join the band. In January 1973, he took part in the sessions for Flying Teapot, the first installment of the "Radio Gnome" trilogy, and soon after graduated to full-time membership with the departure of bassist/lead guitarist Christian Tritsch.The 'classic' line-up of Gong was now in place, with Daevid Allen, Gilli Smyth, Didier Malherbe, Tim Blake, Mike Howlett and Pierre Moerlen, and recorded two further albums, Angels Egg and You (the latter also featuring Giraudy). In June 1973, <mask> (along with Pierre Moerlen) participated in the debut live performance of Mike Oldfield's Tubular Bells at Queen Elizabeth Hall. Both Hillage & Moerlen also took part in a live-in-studio performance filmed for the BBC's Second House series, filmed in November 1973. The BBC performance is available on Oldfield's Elements DVD. After Allen left Gong abruptly in April 1975, <mask> stayed on as the band's sole guitarist, but soon found this position increasingly uncomfortable, and by the year's end had jumped ship himself to launch his solo career full-time, having performed as a guest (with Giraudy) on Gong's first album without Allen, Shamal on only two of the album's six tracks. His motivation to do so was fueled by the success of his solo album Fish Rising, recorded in late 1974 while still in Gong and featuring most of his bandmates, as well as former bandmate in Khan, Dave Stewart. His next effort L album was recorded in the United States using musicians from Todd Rundgren's Utopia, and on its release <mask> formed a touring band which toured in late 1976 including supporting Queen at Cardiff Castle and Hyde Park.During the latter half of the 1970s, <mask> made a name for himself as a guitarist and prog-rock/fusion composer and performer. 1977's Motivation Radio, with its shorter tracks, marked a departure from the long instrumental workouts of previous efforts, but 1978's Green, co-produced by Pink Floyd's Nick Mason, was a return to his earlier work. These 1970s works (tacitly in collaboration with his longtime girlfriend Miquette Giraudy) blended complex studio production techniques with dreamscape anthems. <mask> spent time in the Ladbroke Grove area of London, home of the UK Underground and worked with Nik Turner ex roadie for, then later saxophonist of early Hawkwind. Later career
In 1978, <mask> played onstage with punk band Sham 69 during their performance at the Reading Festival, and in 1979, he played guitar on "Nuclear Waste" by The Radio Actors with lead vocals by Sting. Also in 1979, <mask> released Open on Virgin Records, featuring Dave Stewart, Jean-Philippe Rykiel, Paul Francis and Andy Anderson. During the 1980s, <mask> worked as a record producer, working for artists such as Simple Minds, It Bites, Murray Head, Nash the Slash, Real Life, Cock Robin, Tony Banks and Robyn Hitchcock.He returned to producing in the 1990s, working on The Charlatans 1994 album, Up to Our Hips. After hearing the likes of The Orb playing his 1979 ambient record Rainbow Dome Musick, <mask> and Giraudy began performing in the early 1990s as ambient dance act System 7. They soon became part of the underground dance scene in London and <mask> was also a key figure in getting the Glastonbury Festival to recognise the dance scene and set up the Dance Tent, which he programmed in its first year. <mask> also produced in the 1990s a raï musical show called '1, 2, 3 Soleils', featuring Algerian singers Faudel, Rachid Taha and Khaled. He also arranged many songs of Latifa. In November 2006, he made a surprise return to the Gong fold when he and Giraudy performed with (most of) the "classic era" lineup of Gong performing a set consisting almost entirely of material from the Radio Gnome Trilogy and Camembert Electrique at the Gong Unconvention at the Melkweg in Amsterdam. <mask> and Giraudy also performed in various guises over the weekend.First as the "<mask> Band" with synthesizer player Basil Brooks, Gong bassist Mike Howlett and current Gong drummer Chris Taylor, playing mostly material from Hillage's 1970s solo albums. They also performed a set as System 7. <mask>, along with Daevid Allen and up to 10 or more guitarists, also contributed to the "Glissando Orchestra", a one-hour plus performance where a number of guitarists all played mostly continuous drone notes with some gentle melodic lines overlaid. In January 2007, four of his albums – Fish Rising, L, Motivation Radio and Rainbow Dome Musick – were released in the UK remastered on CD, each, except the latter, with previously unreleased bonus tracks. In February 2007, Green, Live Herald, Open and For To Next/And Not Or followed, similarly remastered with bonus content. <mask> and Giraudy's participation in the Gong Unconvention was reprised in a small number of concerts held by Gong in London in June 2008, where <mask> and Giraudy were among the line-up which also included Daevid Allen, Gilli Smyth, and Mike Howlett. At these concerts, <mask> would often open the show performing "<mask>age Band" material, as he had at the Uncon.Hillage and Giraudy worked most recently on their 2009 album 2032 (which Hillage also produced), and has continued to tour with the band throughout 2009 and 2010. After the 2010 tour, citing musical differences, <mask> & Miquette again parted ways with Gong. His next association with Gong was a guest guitar solo on the title track of their 2016 album "Rejoice! I'm Dead", their first album recorded after the death of Daevid Allen. Though no longer featuring any original members, the current lineup of Kavus Torabi (guitar/vocals), Fabio Golfetti (guitar/vocals), Dave Sturt (bass), Ian East (saxophone/flute) and Cheb Nettles (drums/vocals) had the blessing of Allen (along with the blessing of other surviving members) to continue using the Gong name. Soon after, Hillage made a few guest appearances at Gong gigs (sometimes being billed as Gong featuring <mask>), culminating in late 2018 with the announcement that Hillage & Giraudy had tapped the current lineup of Gong to be their backing band/opening act for a series of <mask>age Band shows in 2019. Continued touring plans for 2020, however, were halted in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.<mask> also collaborated with Ozric Tentacles on the 2004 album Spirals in Hyperspace. <mask> played live with Hawkwind in December 2015 at The Coronet, London, and also played a one-hour set with Dave Brock and Tim Blake of the band at Hawkwind's Hawkeaster festival in Morecambe, Lancashire at Easter, 2018. "Light in the Sky", from his 1977 album Motivation Radio, was used as the theme for The Sunday Night Project on Channel 4. <mask> played on a cover of Elton John's "Rocket Man" on William Shatner's 2011 release Seeking Major Tom. <mask> won the "Visionary" award at the 2013 Progressive Music Awards. Discography
 (1975) Fish Rising – UK No. 33
 (1976) L – UK No.10
 (1977) Motivation Radio – UK No. 28
 (1978) Green – UK No. 30
 (1979) Live Herald – UK No. 54
 (1979) Rainbow Dome Musick – UK No. 48
 (1979) Open – UK No. 71
 (1979) Aura - compilation
 (1982) For To Next – UK No. 48
 (1982) And Not Or
 (1991) Ggggong-Go Long (Double Album) - unofficial release
 (1992) BBC Radio 1 Live: <mask> Live in Concert
 (2003) Light in the Sky - compilation
 (2004) Live at Deeply Vale Festival 1978
 (2008) Evan Marc & <mask>age – Dreamtime Submersible (Somnia Records)
 (2015) Madison Square Garden 1977 (Cleopatra Records)
 (2017) Düsseldorf (Madfish Records) - recorded 1979-03-28 at Philips Halle, Düsseldorf (live)
 (2019) The Golden Vibe (Madfish Records) - recorded 1973-05 at Pavillon du Hay, Sens, France (the Gong house)

References

External links
Awave, official system 7 website

Calyx website's <mask> (1970s) chronology

1951 births
Living people
People from Chingford
Canterbury scene
English rock guitarists
English male guitarists
Virgin Records artists
Caroline Records artists
English record producers
Progressive rock guitarists
Space rock musicians
Alumni of the University of Kent
Musicians from Kent
Gong (band) members
Uriel (band) members
Khan (band) members
National Health members

masks:
Stephen Simpson Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Val Stevens
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
Hillage
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Steve Hillage
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Steve Hill
Steve
Steve Hillage
Steve Hill
Hillage
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Hillage
Steve Hillage
Steve Hill
Steve Hillage


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<mask> (February 26, 1860 – June 4, 1913) was an athletic trainer and coach at Yale University (1887–1889, 1892–1896, 1901–1905), Detroit Athletic Club (1889–1892), University of Michigan (1891), Villanova University (1894), University of Pennsylvania (1896–1901, 1905–1913), and the New York Athletic Club (1890–1900). He coached the American track athletes at the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1908, and 1912. He spent a year in approximately 1884 as the trainer of heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan. The Washington Post in 1913 called <mask> "the father of American track athletics." He was considered the premier athletic trainer of his era and was said to have "revolutionized the methods of training athletes and reduced it to a science." He is credited with establishing many innovative techniques for track and field, including the crouching start for sprinters. Early years
Accounts concerning <mask>'s youth differ.He was born in February 1860 either in Southboro, Westboro or Natick, Massachusetts. He was the son of Irish immigrants, a man "of humble birth and scant education." <mask>'s father had a reputation as an athlete, and <mask>'s desire as a youth was to become a great athlete. He has been variously reported to have traveled the country participating in "six-day races" at the age of 20 and to have been a boxer and a minor league baseball player. Some accounts state that he was part of the world's champion Natick Hook and Ladder racing team of the early 1880s with Keene Fitzpatrick, Steve Farrell, Pooch Donovan, Piper Donovan, Johnny Mack and Sid Peet. According to his obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer, "his ambition was to stand out prominently as a six-day pedestrian and at the age of eighteen he was out in the world trying to win fame and fortune on the tan bark track." Then, "after several years of grueling running indoors without anything but glory, <mask> branched out as a sprinter and baseball player."At least one published report states that <mask> "was himself one of the greatest professional sprinters this country ever saw." Other accounts indicate that he never achieved great success as an athlete. A friend of <mask>, Pat Hurley, recalled that <mask>'s days as a trainer began when <mask>, the fleetest professional sprinter in New England, received a letter from New Haven asking him to act as a trainer there. Finn reportedly joked to a group of athletes, "Let's send 'Stocky' <mask>." Because <mask> was not a champion among them, Finn's comments brought a "round of jeers." But Finn continued, "Never mind that, that fellow has a head on him that will get him more some day than our legs will." A Philadelphia sports writer later noted the "irony of fate" that <mask> had the talent to develop athletic prodigies though "nature did not deign to bless him with even an average physique."That writer described <mask> when the first met in 1895 as "a small, spare, even delicate-looking man, dressed in a plain suit." Detroit Athletic Club
As Yale gained supremacy in athletics, <mask>'s fame spread, and in the fall of 1889, the Detroit Athletic Club hired him as the physical director and athletic coach for its members. <mask> remained in Detroit for three years, and while there, he developed a reputation for having a "sixth sense" in being able to spot athletic talent. His first discovery in Detroit was John Owen who went on to become the fastest sprinter in America. One newspaper account described <mask>'s discovery of Owen as follows:John Owen, a member of the club, was playing tennis one afternoon when <mask>, in his methodical way, leaned over to watch the movements of the players. The action of Owen looked promising to <mask>. "Mr. Owen, why don't you be a sprinter?"he asked while the players were wiping off perspiration between acts. "I?" returned Owen. "Why, I couldn't run a lick." But <mask> insisted, and from that seeming guess work selection of a future great was developed John Owen, the first amateur sprinter to cover one hundred yards under ten seconds. Owen's time was 9-4/5 seconds. After Owen set the world's record of 9-4/5 seconds in the 100-yard dash, Owen focused his efforts on the 220- and 440-yard events.<mask> told the press in 1891 that he was "confident that Owen will be able to create new records for both these distances next summer." While in Detroit, <mask> also discovered Harry M. Jewett, Owen's successor as America's greatest sprinter. He also coached the father of 1912 sprinting gold medalist, Ralph Craig. When <mask> became ill in 1913, the Detroit Athletic Club presented <mask> with a touring car in gratitude for his service. Father of American track athletics

Fifteen intercollegiate championships with 21 teams
In 1892, <mask> returned to Yale where he served as coach and trainer of the track team and trainer of the football team. Over the next 11 years, <mask> moved back-and-forth between Yale (1892–1896, 1901–1905) and the University of Pennsylvania (1896–1901, 1905–1913). After turning Yale into the dominant power in track and field, <mask> brought immediate success to Penn when he moved there in 1896.In his first season at Penn, the school captured the intercollegiate track championship, scoring 34 points to defeat Yale, and finished with 24.5 points. Of the 21 indoor and outdoor track teams coached by <mask> during this time, 15 of them won the intercollegiate championships—eight at Penn and seven at Yale. And on the six occasions when his teams did not finish first, they finished second on four occasions and third and fourth once each. Wherever <mask> went as a coach he put in place a solid back-up team of assistant coaches and rubbers. Over the years these included George Orton, <mask> and Jimmy Curran. Many went on to achieve great success coaching college and high school athletics. For his contributions during these years, The Washington Post in 1913 called <mask> "the father of American track athletics."He was considered "the greatest coach of track men and trainer of men in other branches of sport that America had ever known." Champions trained by <mask>
In addition to his success in coaching the Yale and Penn teams to championships, <mask> also developed an unparalleled reputation for finding and training individual champions. Between 1892 and 1900, he reportedly developed nearly every American track champion:America owes to none other than "<mask>" <mask> her winning of the supremacy of track athletics from England, who, twenty years ago, was considered unbeatable on the cinder path. In the eight years intervening between 1892 and 1900, the period in which America made her most gigantic strides in track athletics, "<mask>" <mask> developed every champion of the spiked shoe in America except Hollister, of Harvard, and it was these champions developed by him that first put America on the map of the athletic world. As of 1908, athletes coached by <mask> held 8 of the 14 recognized intercollegiate track and field records, and had also held the records in the pole vault and shot put until 1907. In addition to his discovery of Owen in Detroit, <mask>'s discovery of Maxie Long is another oft-cited example of <mask>'s ability to recognize and develop raw talent. Long, who became the country's top quarter-miler, was a bicycle rider when <mask> discovered him.<mask> coaxed him into sprinting, and on seeing Long run his first spring, <mask> reportedly declared, "I have discovered a champion." Alvin Kraenzlein was another talent developed by <mask>. When Kraenzlein began training with <mask>, he was a hurdler, but not a sprinter. <mask> trained Kraenzlein as a sprinter, and he became a champion the 100-yard dash and won an Olympic gold medal in the 60-yard dash. Olympics
Starting in 1890, <mask> also spent 11 consecutive summers coaching many of the country's top athletes at the New York Athletic Club's summer facilities on Travers Island. having led the American athletes to successes in international competitions during the 1890s, <mask> was selected as the coach and trainer of the American teams at the Olympics in 1900, 1908, and 1912. 1900 games in Paris
At the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, there was no official American team, and several universities sent athletes and coaches to represent the United States.<mask> took 13 Penn athletes and others from the New York Athletic Club to Paris. The U.S. athletes won 16 of the 23 gold medals in track and field, and the Penn Olympians won 11 gold medals, 8 silver and 4 bronze. <mask>'s student, Alvin Kraenzlein won four individual gold medals in the 60-meter dash, 110-meter hurdles, 200-meter hurdles, and long jump. 1908 games in London
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, <mask> was placed in charge of the entire American team, not just his own Penn athletes. On the trip across the Atlantic Ocean, <mask> was always jovial, leading the men in light exercise in which the athletes were "made to feel that it was merely play." <mask> was "the life of the team," keeping the men busy "having fun all the time." On arriving in London, <mask> concluded that "the awful London fog and rain" and the crowd of athletes training at the same hours in the stadium was not ideal.Accordingly, <mask> demanded that the American team be moved to Brighton, England, where there was a "better chance to see the sun." When the team manager demurred about the expense of a move, <mask> insisted that the team would go to Brighton "if I have to pay their way." The American team dominated the track and field competition in London, winning 16 gold medals, with all other countries combined winning the remaining 11 gold medals. After the American victory in London, newspapers credited <mask> as the man behind the dominance of American track and field athletes. One newspaper account reported:In an effort to find a reason for the great superiority of American athletes, English sportsmen have finally concluded that this superiority is entirely due to the high development to which the Yankees have brought the science of training. This is better than to acknowledge that the manhood of Great Britain has deteriorated. The American athletes explain it by simply saying "<mask>," for <mask> is the kingpin of the profession, and every trainer in American follows as closely as he can the methods of the man who has developed more champions than any other man in the world.When the American team returned from London, President Theodore Roosevelt hosted them at his Sagamore Hill home on Long Island, and singled out <mask> for special recognition. As U.S. Olympic Committee Chairman James Sullivan introduced <mask> to the President, Roosevelt interrupted: "We don't have to be introduced. I am might glad to see you. He is an American institution; and we are all glad to meet <mask>." Upon their return, the American team also presented <mask> with a silver loving cup in gratitude for his efforts. 1912 games in Stockholm
By the time of the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, <mask> was already ill with tuberculosis, and his illness was reported to have "thrown a scare into those interested in the welfare of the American track and field team." He was nevertheless selected as the coach of the American team and accompanied the team to Stockholm with assistance from Lawson Robertson.It was reported that the long trip had an adverse effect on his health, and he died less than a year later. In Stockholm, the Americans again dominated the track and field competition, winning 16 of 32 possible gold medals, and 42 of 94 total medals. <mask> received principal credit for the dominance of American athletes between the 1890s and the Stockholm Olympics. The praise for <mask> was so great that a backlash developed among westerners who felt that, though many of the country's greatest athletes were coming out of the Midwest, the Eastern establishment sought to heap all of the credit on <mask>. For example, during the 1912 Olympics, the Minneapolis Journal noted that <mask> was not responsible for developing Midwestern stars Jim Thorpe and

masks:
Michael Charles Murphy
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Mike Finn
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 Ralph Craig and wrote:They are still at it down East, attempting to grab off the glory for the splendid work of the American athletes in the Olympic games as the personal due of <mask>. ... <mask> is unquestionably a great trainer, but he falls far short of deserving all the credit for the winning of the Olympic games. ...It is an injustice to other less-famed trainers to have their products blandly attributed to <mask> as some of the eastern writers, with their usual provincial complacency, are doing. <mask> is big enough and well enough known by past performances as a trainer to stand upon his own merits without having his misguided friends attempt to seize for him leaves of a bay rightfully belonging to other men. Innovative techniques
He was considered the premier athletic trainer of his era and was said to have "revolutionized the methods of training athletes and reduced it to a science." He is credited with establishing many innovative techniques for track and field, including the crouching start for sprinters. He is also credited with being the first man to develop the practice of strapping the tendon with adhesive tape or rubber bandages before competition, and with innovating the use of a mixture of liniment or rubbing oil in treating his athletes. <mask> also preached the need for a pure mind and body and abolished the old attitude that athletes in training for a physical test required ale and certain stimulants "to give them the vim and make them 'go.'" He also became known for his advocacy of not over-working an athlete during training.In 1895, one of his athletes, Sweeney, set a world record in the high jump. <mask> rested Sweeney for three days before the International Games against England, and Sweeney spent most of his time in bed. When Sweeney arrived at the field on the day of the competition, "he was so full of ginger he could hardly stand still" and set a world record. Another writer emphasized <mask>'s recognition in his training regimen that an athlete is a human:He is the originator of the now generally accepted belief that an athlete is a human. Under his system the old idea of athletes being steamed and worked like mules was banished. Training with weighted shoes or running uphill in rubber boots were old methods that were put into the discard. Light shoes for racing and heavier ones for workout are enough.He also authored two books on track coaching and techniques, Training and College Athletics. Relationship with athletes
<mask> was reportedly beloved by the athletes he trained and instilled tremendous loyalty in them. It was reported during <mask>'s lifetime that there was "not a man who ever trained under <mask> who wouldn't go to the end of the world for the veteran trainer if he desired it." He reportedly had "some peculiar means of persuasion and development that makes men win." <mask>'s "first object was always to get the confidence of a student, which soon developed into a love for the man and his work." The chair of Penn's physical education department once described <mask>'s motivational approach as follows:<mask> is a combination of a professor of applied psychology and an evangelist. He possesses the quality peculiar to evangelists of first hypnotizing himself, so great an aid in obtaining control of those to whom he appeals.Examples of <mask>'s close relationships with athletes were many. In 1905, when <mask> left Yale for the second and final time, some reports indicated it was due to an aristocratic slight to the captain of the football team, Shevlin. Despite a custom at Yale of electing the captain to the elite upper class clubs, Shevlin was not elected because of his lack of social prestige. <mask> was reportedly "disgusted with the growth of aristocratic as opposed to democratic sentiments" at New Haven and did not care to remain there. Others suggested that the real reason for <mask>'s move to Penn had more to do with the question of salary, as Penn agreed to pay <mask> a salary of $10,000 per year—more than double the salary then paid to a U.S. Senator. Another popular <mask> story involved Stephen Chase, a leading sprinter from Dartmouth.Chase was sent to work with <mask> at Travers Island in 1895 in preparation for the International Games with England's best athletes. At the evening meal, Chase was disappointed to discover that pie was not to be served at the camp, packed his bags, and placed them on a bus headed to the train station. Realizing that the consumption of pie was part of the training regimen that led Chase to set a world record, <mask> ran to the kitchen, got a large cut of apple pie, and ran down the roadway with "a piece of pie deftly balanced on a plate, all the time calling, 'Here it is Chase. I got it for you.'" According to the story, Chase came back "and was a world beater, and on pie, too." <mask> was also called the "probably the most picturesque figure in American athletics" and was said to be a "splendid story teller" who delighted his athletes with stories over an open fire or on the training field, telling of his many adventures, including his travels through Canadian lumber camps searching for the next John L. Sullivan. He was reportedly also a lover of chess and literature, especially the works of Honoré de Balzac.Deafness
<mask>'s accomplishments are all the more remarkable as he was deaf. He was known as "<mask>" due to his affliction, and contemporary reports state that, though he was deaf, the affliction was not so severe as to prevent him from hearing all remarks. One report in 1905 noted: "It was characteristic of <mask> to encourage the belief that he was very deaf and thus break down the caution of the lads who prided themselves on their ability to outwit the veteran." In 1908, The Washington Post noted that, though <mask> had been "rather deaf" for several years, his deafness had worsened, such that anyone wanting to speak with him "has to shout at the top of his lungs." <mask> joked at the time, "I'm not much of a one to tell secrets to." When he was in Reno in 1910 for the Jack Johnson–James Jeffries fight, <mask> recalled being approached by a woman who went on at length telling him about her marital problems. After she finished, <mask> told her, "Madame, you have come to the right person.Your secrets are safe. I have not heard a word you said." <mask> suggested that his deafness made him more sympathetic to others and contributed to his success as a handler of men. College football
<mask> also served as the trainer for the Yale and Penn football teams from 1892 to 1912, and was an integral part of the football program during an era when Yale and Penn were among the top programs in the country. After <mask>'s death, a Philadelphia sports editor wrote about <mask>'s ability to inspire a football team to superhuman efforts:He could arouse a team to superhuman efforts as no trainer ever did or perhaps ever will do. He had an oratory peculiarly his own. It was sympathetic, winning, insistent, pleading, the acme of exhortation.The writer once saw him move a red and blue football team to tears between the halves of a great intercollegiate battle when they retired to their dressing room with the score against them and there appeared no reasonable probability of vanquishing their foes. ... The wonderfully magnetic and persuasive powers of the dead trainer were exerted to their utmost ... <mask>'s appeal to the Penn players was a masterpiece of its kind. It fired the hearts of that disheartened, discouraged and well-nigh defeated team; it transformed every man into a fighting Titan, a giant who did not know his own strength and ability; it moved every man to tears; it converted an apparent defeat to one of the most glorious triumphs ever witnessed in the records of old Penn's athletic history. <mask> was football head coach for the University of Michigan in 1891. He later became the first football coach at Villanova University in 1894 where he initiated their program. Between 1906 and 1908, a movement developed to eliminate football from university sports programs on grounds that it was too brutal and was attracting professionalism to the college campuses.However, <mask> remained a strong supporter of college football. In 1908, he told The Washington Post:Fellows, show me a man that has gone to college for four years and played on either his varsity or scrub football team and I'll show you a man that'll make good on any job he tackles when he gets out into the world. However, <mask> was an opponent of brutality and insisted on fair play among his football players. In 1907, when he witnessed one of Penn's players "slug a man," an angry <mask> rushed out on the field and made the offending player leave the field, and required him to apologize before he would be allowed to play football again for Penn. In 1909, <mask> published a column deploring the ongoing agitation against college football. He responded to charges that it was a brutal sport as follows: "I am not disposed to deny that football is a rough game. But when cleanly played as it is in our big colleges, and when properly safeguarded the element of danger is almost entirely eliminated."In response to proposals to replace football in American universities with either soccer or Canadian rugby, <mask> expressed disdain: "Both of these are jokes when compared to the American game. They lack the science of our football and certainly would not prove very interesting to the spectators." <mask> spoke in favor of removing restrictions on the forward pass, which he viewed as a spectacular play and one that weakens the defense. His main suggestions for eliminating injuries were to abolish the diving tackle, develop better padding, and eliminate the kickoff. With respect to the kickoff, <mask> noted: "I have always felt that it was in the crash of the two teams that most accidents occurred." Head coaching record

Family and death
<mask> and his wife, Nora Long, had three children. One of their children, <mask>, became a well-known movie actor in the 1940s and 1950s and then a U.S. senator from California from 1965 to 1971.Their other son, Charles Thorne <mask>, was a football player at Yale before settling in Detroit. In June 1913, <mask> died at his home at 4331 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia after a prolonged illness. He reportedly lapsed into unconsciousness after the 1913 Penn track team gathered at his bedside to tell him they had won the 1913 intercollegiate championship. According to some reports, <mask>'s illness began when Michigan and Penn played a football game in a blizzard at Ann Arbor, Michigan. From that time on, <mask> was "a sick man, suffering from tuberculosis." Upon his death, the flags at the University of Pennsylvania were lowered to half mast and The Philadelphia Inquirer proclaimed, "<mask> is dead—Long live '<mask>' <mask>." The sports editor of the Philadelphia Public Ledger wrote:Michael Charles <mask> will never be forgotten.Long after the generations who loved him personally ... have passed away, his name will be written indelibly in the most glorious annals of American's track and field history. His name and fame can never die. He will ever stand as the track wizard of his age, the hero of coaching achievements of his time. The funeral was held at St. James Catholic Church at 38th and Chestnut Streets in Philadelphia with many of track's greatest athletes serving as his pallbearers. In 1941, the University of Pennsylvania dedicated <mask> Field House as a tribute to <mask>; the <mask> Field House was destroyed by fire in 1968. See also
 List of Michigan Wolverines football trainers

References

External links
 Profile at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History

1860 births
1913 deaths
American track and field coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
Villanova Wildcats football coaches
Yale Bulldogs football coaches
Penn Quakers football coaches
American people of Irish descent
American Roman Catholics
Deaf sportspeople
Olympic_coaches
Deaf people from the United

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Mike Murphy
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Mike Murphy
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Edwin "<mask><mask>  (born 17 January 1948) is a Scottish former football player and coach. <mask> was a cultured winger, who was an integral member of the legendary Leeds United team of the 1960s and 1970s, later twice becoming the club's manager. In 2000, <mask> was voted as the third Greatest Leeds United player of all time, surpassed only by his club captain, Billy Bremner (No. 1) and John Charles (No. 2). He was also voted into the Greatest Leeds United team of all time. His two goals against Burnley in 1970 feature in Leeds United's Greatest 100 goals – the second of which is widely regarded as the greatest Leeds United goal of all time and recently featured in The Times as one of the five greatest ever goals.On 9 May 2013, <mask> was also appointed as Leeds United football Ambassador. <mask> was also inducted into the English Hall of Fame on 25 September 2013 at an awards evening in Manchester. <mask> played in 12 full international games for Scotland between 1969 and 1977. Besides his two stints with Leeds, <mask> also managed Whitby Town, Rochdale and Hull City during the 1980s. He was appointed MBE in the 1983 Birthday Honours. Playing career
<mask> was born in Glasgow and brought up in the city's Castlemilk district. He was a schoolboy international for Scotland.He had aspirations of signing for his boyhood team Celtic, but signed professional forms with Leeds United at the age of 16. He made his first team debut on New Year's Day 1966, less than three weeks before his 18th birthday, and would go on to play for the club for almost 20 years. A winger in the classic mould, <mask> was feted in world football for his ability to beat opposing full backs for skill, pace and thought. As the Leeds team grew in stature and experience through the 1960s, <mask> became a vital component of the team. In 1968, he was in the Leeds team which won the League Cup and the Fairs Cup double, scoring winning goals in both semi-finals, including a memorable individual goal against Brian Clough's Derby County in the semi final of the League Cup. However injury meant he missed the second leg of the Fairs Cup final. He was then an important part of the team that won League championship a year later, making 33 appearances and scoring five goals, during a season in which United scored a record number of championship points and lost only two matches along the way to conquering the title.However it was in 1970 that he would make his most famous appearance in a Leeds shirt. The team was chasing a unique "treble" of League championship, FA Cup and European Cup with <mask> in sparkling form. He had already scored what many fans of the club call the greatest goal ever by a Leeds player – a solo run past several Burnley players which involved flicks and dragbacks as he somehow got to a shooting position from a position on the goal-line well to the left of the goal – when his day came at Wembley for the 1970 FA Cup Final against Chelsea. <mask>'s marking full back was David Webb, a steady but undistinguished defender whom, for the 90 minutes and extra-time period, <mask> tormented. Webb was repeatedly left on his backside or looking the wrong way as <mask> ghosted past him, including one run where he cut inside onto his 'weaker' right foot and crashed a shot against the crossbar. Though Leeds dominated the match, the game still ended 2–2 and a replay was required – <mask> had taken the corner which had allowed Jack Charlton to open the scoring. In the replay, Chelsea changed tactics and put the more uncompromising Ron Harris on to <mask> and as a result, the danger was snuffed out – Harris badly injured <mask> with a brutal tackle to the back of the knee.Chelsea won 2–1 and, in a final twist, it was Webb who scored the winner. Leeds lost the League championship race to Everton and the European Cup semi-final to Celtic, thereby ended with nothing. <mask>'s frequent battles with injury started, and he missed more than half of the 1970–71 season, during which Leeds again snatched League championship defeat from the jaws of victory but won the Fairs Cup for the second time against Juventus. He found devastating form again for part of the 1971–72 season in which he was part of the team that destroyed Manchester United and Southampton consecutively at Elland Road, by scorelines of 5–1 and 7–0; the match footage of both games would become iconic. Later in the same season he featured in the team which won the 1972 FA Cup Final against Arsenal and featured again in the following cup final which Leeds surprisingly lost to Sunderland. He missed the controversial 1973 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup Final defeat to A.C. Milan, and missed most of the season in 1973–74 when Leeds won the League title again thanks to more injury woes. These injuries had become so frequent that when Brian Clough succeeded Don Revie at Leeds United, he began his first team meeting by stating that if <mask> had been a horse, he would have been shot long ago.His performance on the wing earned the famous tribute from Revie that when he plays on snow, he doesn't leave any footprints. <mask> played in the team which reached the 1975 European Cup Final in Paris, featuring in the home victory against the Spanish champions Barcelona in the semi-final, during which <mask> tormented his marker de la Cruz and pushed Barcelona onto the back foot, allowing Leeds to dominate. However, he was left from the starting line up for the final by manager Jimmy Armfield, which Leeds would go on to lose controversially to Bayern Munich. Also featuring in this campaign was his younger brother Frank, who had likewise come through the ranks at Elland Road. This was the swansong of the great Don Revie team (Revie himself had left a year earlier to take over as England manager) and <mask>'s teammates started to leave the club. By the early 1980s, <mask> was the only player from any part of the Revie era still at the club (although Peter Lorimer and David Harvey would later make comebacks). Converted to left back, <mask> prolonged his career and was in the side which was relegated under former teammate Allan Clarke in 1982.<mask>'s unfortunate injury record meant that his Scotland career was short and infrequent. He won just 12 caps and missed the 1974 FIFA World Cup through injury. In an era of hard men – Bremner, Harris, Smith, etc., <mask> also had the distinction of never being booked in his career. Managerial career
<mask> then took over as player-manager at Leeds in 1982, following their relegation from the First Division. The club had to turn to a youth policy to rebuild the team, with the emergence of players like John Sheridan, Neil Aspin, Denis Irwin and Scott Sellars. After top half finishes in his first two seasons in charge, the 1984–85 season saw a push for promotion that was lost on the final day at Birmingham City. Following failure to gain promotion from the Second Division, <mask> ended association with Leeds after 20 years, 561 games and 68 goals.He would later manage Whitby Town. In 1986, <mask> took over at Rochdale and in the 1986–87 season the club managed an escape from near-certain relegation from the Football League. <mask> took over at Hull City for season 1988–89, following the departure of Brian Horton the previous season. Hull managed to pull into mid-table and only five points short of the play-offs in February, and they reached the FA Cup fifth round where they lost to Liverpool. Only 1 win in the last 18 games meant that Hull finished fourth from bottom, yet clear of relegation danger, but the poor form led to his departure. Return to Leeds
<mask> continued his long standing association with Leeds United by joining the club as a Youth Team coach. His work with the youth set-up nurtured a terrific generation of Leeds players such as Harry Kewell, Ian Harte, Alan Smith and Jonathan Woodgate, who all went on to become first-team regulars.In 1997, <mask> was promoted to Reserve Team Manager and the following year was made new manager David O'Leary's assistant. To the aggravation of Leeds supporters, <mask> was forced to take a back step when Brian Kidd was promoted from Academy Manager to Head Coach and was given all coaching responsibilities. The fans made their support known for <mask> through banners at matches, whilst at the same time verbally abusing Kidd. Both <mask> and Kidd were relieved of their duties in 2003 when new manager Peter Reid took the reins. When Reid left Leeds in 2003, <mask> was charged with the task of trying to preserve their FA Premier League status, something which, under immense pressure, he could not do. <mask> parted company once again with the club after relegation. <mask> was given a one-year football consultancy role at the club before joining BBC Radio Leeds as a matchday analyst.In 2008, the BBC lost their rights to the live radio broadcast of Leeds matches; as a result, <mask> left BBC Radio Leeds and moved to the club's official radio station, Yorkshire Radio. On 9 May 2013, <mask> was appointed Football Ambassador at Leeds United and would also remain in his role as Yorkshire Radio Co-Commentator. He is currently co-commentator alongside Thom Kirwin for Leeds United's own TV and Radio Channel LUTV. Family football links
<mask>'s son Stuart followed his father into professional football, playing for Celtic, the team <mask> had supported as a boy. His nephew, <mask>, son of his brother Frank, was another professional footballer and also played for Leeds. Career statistics

Honours
Leeds United
 Football League First Division: 1968–69, 1973–74
 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1968, 1971
 FA Cup: 1972
 FA Charity Shield: 1969
 Football League Cup: 1968

References

External links
 <mask> at Soccerbase
Full Managerial Stats for Leeds United from WAFLL

1948 births
Living people
Association football wingers
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish footballers
Scotland international footballers
Leeds United F.C. players
Whitby Town F.C.players
Whitby Town F.C. managers
Leeds United F.C. managers
Hull City A.F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Premier League managers
Scotland under-23 international footballers
Members of the Order of the British Empire
English Football Hall of Fame inductees
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
Leeds United F.C. non-playing staff
<mask> football managers
FA Cup Final players

masks:
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Eddie Gray
Eddie
Andy Gray
Eddie Gray
Eddie Scottish


texts:
<mask> (; born 19 May 1974) is an Indian actor known for his work in Hindi cinema. He is an alumnus of the National School of Drama. <mask>'s feature film debut was alongside director Prashant Bhargava in Patang (2012), and his performance was appreciated by cinema critic Roger Ebert. He also gained international recognition for his work with director Anurag Kashyap in Black Friday (2007), the Gangs of Wasseypur (2012), duology and Raman Raghav 2.0 (2016). <mask> is best known for his roles in The Lunchbox (2013), Manto (2018), and Raman Raghav 2.0. He is the only actor in the world to have 8 films officially selected and screened at the Cannes Film Festival. The actor continues to take time out from his filming schedule to farm in his native Uttar Pradesh.He has starred in two Emmy-nominated series, Sacred Games (2019) and the British McMafia. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 May 1974 in Budhana, a small town in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, India, into a zamindari Muslim family of Lambardars. He is the eldest of eight siblings. He spent most of his youth in Uttarakhand. He graduated with a Bachelor of Science in chemistry from Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar. Following this, he worked as a chemist in Vadodara for a year, before leaving for Delhi in search of a new job. Once in Delhi, he was instantly drawn to acting after watching a play.In pursuit of securing admission to the National School of Drama (NSD) in New Delhi, he acted in over ten plays with a group of friends, including one in Dehradun, to fulfill one of the criteria for admission. Career
<mask> went to the National School of Drama in New Delhi. After graduating in 1999, he moved to Mumbai. He made his Bollywood debut in the year 1999 with a small role in the Aamir Khan starrer Sarfarosh. He then appeared in Ram Gopal Varma's 1999 film Shool and the 2000 film Jungle, as well as Rajkumar Hirani's Munnabhai MBBS (2003). After moving to Mumbai, he tried to get work in television serials, but did not achieve much success. He did a short film, The Bypass, in 2003, where he appeared with Irrfan Khan.Beyond that, between 2002 and 2005, he was largely out of work and lived in a flat that he shared with four other people, surviving by conducting occasional acting workshops. In 2004, which was one of the worst years of his struggle, <mask> couldn't pay rent. He asked an NSD senior if he could stay with him. The senior allowed him to share his apartment in Goregaon suburb if he was willing to cook meals for him. Between 2004 and 2007, <mask> had a few minor roles, including in the film Black Friday, which came out in 2007 and was a nominee for the Golden Leopard. In 2009, he appeared in a cameo role in the song "Emotional Atyachar" in the movie Dev D, playing the role of Rangila. He performed a duet with Rasila (known together as Patna ke Presley).In the same year, he appeared in New York. However, it was his role of a journalist in Anusha Rizvi's 2010 film Peepli Live, that first got him wide recognition as an actor. In 2012, he appeared in Prashant Bhargava's Patang: The Kite, which premiered at the Berlin International Film Festival and the Tribeca Film Festival. <mask>'s performance was praised by film critic Roger Ebert, who stated that the role "transformed his acting style" and he awarded the actor the 'Thumbsup Trophy'. The film was subsequently released in the U.S. and Canada, and garnered much attention with rave reviews from The New York Times. <mask> then appeared in the 2012 film Kahaani, in which he played the archetypal short-tempered intelligence officer Khan. Anurag Kashyap's gangster epic Gangs of Wasseypur followed, which furthered the actor's fame.He played his first primary role as Sonu Duggal in Ashim Ahluwalia's Miss Lovely, which premiered at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival, a role <mask> describes as his "most real performance so far". <mask> then followed this with the sequel to Gangs of Wasseypur. In 2013, he played the lead role in the horror flick Aatma. The Lunchbox premiered as part of the International Critics' Week at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival and won him multiple awards. He appeared in Aamir Khan's 2012 release Talash. In 2014, he played the lead antagonist Shiv Gajra in the blockbuster Kick. In 2015, <mask>'s films Bajrangi Bhaijaan and Manjhi - The Mountain Man were released, and he was praised for his roles.He received the Special Jury Award at the 2012 National Film Awards and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor in 2013. His work in Raman Raghav 2.0 in 2016 won him the Fancine Malaga Award in Spain and in the Asia Pacific Screen Awards, both in the category of Best Actor. The 2018 film Manto was a groundbreaking performance that won him Best Actor at the 2018 Asia Pacific Screen Awards. Celebrated author Paulo Coelho has recommended Sacred Games to his Twitter followers and lauded <mask>'s work, calling it "One of the best series on Netflix with the great actor <mask>". In 2021, he was seen in the American-Bangladeshi-Indian film No Land's Man. In 2022, <mask> will appear in Jogira Sara Ra Ra and Heropanti 2. In the same year, he is also set to star in Kangana Ranaut's Tiku Weds Sheru, opposite Avneet Kaur.Personal life
<mask> lives in Mumbai with his younger brother, Shamas Nawab <mask> who is a director. <mask> was married to Aaliya, aka Anjana Kishor Pandey; they have a daughter, Shora, and a son, Yaani, who was born on the actor's 41st birthday. On 19 May 2020, Aaliya revealed in an interview with The Indian Express that she was seeking a divorce from <mask>. Apart from his acting work, <mask> continues to take time to farm in Budhana, his hometown in Uttar Pradesh. His goal is to educate farmers about new techniques available and how they can help improve their lives. He has also implemented new irrigation techniques in Budhana, which has proven to be a significant help to the local farmers. As of May 2021, he spends a large part of his time in Budhana, when he is not shooting for upcoming projects.Filmography

Accolades
<mask>'s first lead role in a feature film was in Prashant Bhargava's Patang, which premiered at the Berlin Film Festival, in which his performance has been praised by noted film critic Roger Ebert (awarding the film 4/4 stars), who stated that the role "transformed his acting style". <mask> was awarded the Special Jury Award at the 60th National Film Awards 2012 for his work in the films Kahaani, Gangs of Wasseypur, Dekh Indian Circus, and Talaash. Major associations

Film festival awards

Other awards

References

External links

1974 births
Living people
Indian Muslims
21st-century Indian male actors
Male actors from Uttar Pradesh
People from Muzaffarnagar district
Male actors in Hindi cinema
Indian male stage actors
Gurukul Kangri University alumni
National School of Drama alumni
Bharatendu Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
20th-century Indian male actors
Special Jury Award (feature film) National Film Award winners
Best Supporting Actor Asian Film Award winners

masks:
Nawazuddin Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Nawazuddin
Nawazuddin
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui
Siddiqui