texts:
<mask> (born December 22, 1960), is an American cartoonist, illustrator, painter, and novelist. Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her mother was a librarian and her father, David Gloeckner, was a commercial illustrator. Her father's family was Quaker and she attended Quaker schools when she was young. She has a younger sister. Gloeckner's parents divorced when she was 4 years old. In 1972, when she was 11 or 12 years old, her mother remarried and the family moved to San Francisco.She attended several Bay Area schools, including The Urban School of San Francisco and Lick-Wilmerding High School. She was a boarding student at Castilleja (in Palo Alto) for a year, but returned to San Francisco to live with her mother, her mother's boyfriend, and her sister, when she was 14. Gloeckner began cartooning at the age of 12. Because her mother was dating Robert Armstrong, a cartoonist in Robert Crumb's band Cheap Suit Serenaders, she met many San Francisco underground comics figures who had a profound influence upon her, including Robert Crumb, Aline Kominsky, Bill Griffith, Terry Zwigoff, and Diane Noomin. Gloeckner attended San Francisco State University from 1980 to 1985, where she was a pre-med student and studied French and art. She spent the 1983–1984 academic year in Université d’Aix-Marseille studying art, French, and biology, and from 1984 to 1985 spent about six months studying Czech and literature at Charles University in Prague. She has an M.A.in Biomedical Communications from University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, which she received in 1988. The degree was in medical illustration. Her 1987 dissertation was on the "Semiotic Analysis of Medical Illustration," in which she studies narrative devices used in medical and surgical illustration. Gloeckner became interested in medical illustration through her maternal grandfather, an antique dealer who collected and sold old books, and her paternal grandmother, Dr. Louise Carpenter <mask>, who was a physician in Philadelphia and was the first woman to be elected vice president of the American Medical Association. Career
Gloeckner worked prolifically as a medical illustrator since 1988, and her training is evident in her paintings and comics art, which are highly detailed and often prominently feature the human body. Her first prominent work in fiction publishing, a series of illustrations for the RE/Search edition of J. G. Ballard's novel The Atrocity Exhibition, used clinical images of internal anatomy, sex, and physical trauma in ambiguous and evocative combinations. Her early comics work, in the form of short stories published in a variety of underground anthologies including Wimmen's Comix, Weirdo, Young Lust, and Twisted Sisters, and in the tabloid zine, RE/Search (numbered volumes), was sporadic and rarely seen until the 1998 release of the collection A Child's Life and Other Stories.This was followed by her 2002 graphic novel The Diary of a Teenage Girl: An Account in Words and Pictures, which revisited the troubled life of the young character (usually referred to as "Minnie Goetze") previously featured in some of her comics, this time in an unusual combination of prose, illustration, and short comics scenes. Her novel and many of her short stories are semi-autobiographical, a frequent cause of comment due to their depiction of sex, drug use, and childhood traumas; however, Gloeckner has stated that she regards them as fiction. Sexual content led to A Child's Life and Other Stories being banned from the public library in Stockton, California, after it was checked out by an 11-year-old reader. The mayor of Stockton called the book "a how-to book for pedophiles." The graphic novel was also classified as pornography and refused entry by customs officials in both France and England. Less controversial, and actually intended for children, is the book Weird Things You Can Grow, published by Random House, and books in the series beginning with Tales Too Funny to be True published by HarperCollins, for which she did the illustrations. A film version of The Diary of a Teenage Girl premiered at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival.The film was acquired by Sony Pictures Classics at the festival. Adapted and directed by Marielle Heller, it is based on Heller's earlier stage adaptation. The film stars Alexander Skarsgård as Monroe, Kristen Wiig as Charlotte, and Bel Powley as the main character, Minnie Goetze. Heller developed the script at the Sundance Institute's Sundance Feature Film Program Lab. The film won "Best First Feature" at the 2016 Spirit Awards. Gloeckner briefly taught courses at Suffolk Community College and Stony Brook University. Gloeckner is an associate professor at the University of Michigan Stamps School of Art & Design, a position she has held since 2010.In recognition of her contributions to the comic art form, Comics Alliance listed Gloeckner as one of twelve women cartoonists deserving of lifetime achievement recognition. Personal life
In 1986, Gloeckner married Czech artist Jakub Kalousek. They later divorced. She has two daughters, Audrey "Fina" <mask>-Kalousek and Persephone <mask>-Kalousek. Awards
 2000: Inkpot Award
 2008: Guggenheim fellowship working on research for a graphic novel about families living in Ciudad Juárez; project inspired by experiences in Ciudad Juarez while researching her story in the 2008 book, I Live Here
 2015-2016: Faculty Fellow in the University of Michigan Institute for the Humanities working on “The Return of Maldoror”

Works and publications

Monographs
 <mask>, <mask>, and Robert Crumb (introduction). A Child's Life and Other Stories. Berkeley, CA: Frog (imprint of North Atlantic Books), 1998.Revised edition, 2000. <mask>, <mask>. The Diary of a Teenage Girl: An Account in Words and Pictures. Berkeley, Calif: Frog (imprint of North Atlantic Books), 2002. Revised edition, 2015. As contributing author/artist
 "RE/Search" tabloid zine #2 and #3. San Francisco: RE/Search Publications, 1980–81.Kirshner, Mia, Mike Simons, and Paul Shoebridge. "I Live Here." NY: Pantheon Graphic Novels, 2008. Journals
 <mask>, <mask>. "Autobiography: The Process Negates the Term." Chaney, Michael A. Graphic Subjects: Critical Essays on Autobiography and Graphic Novels. Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2011.<mask>, <mask>, Justin Green, Aline Kominsky-Crumb and Carol Tyler. 2014. "Panel: Comics and Autobiography". Critical Inquiry. 40, no. 3: Comics & Media. The University of Chicago Press.Edited by Hillary Chute and Patrick Jagoda: Spring 2014. pp. 86–103.   ] <mask>, <mask>. 2014. "Valiente and Arpía". Critical Inquiry. 40, no.3: Comics & Media. The University of Chicago Press. Edited by Hillary Chute and Patrick Jagoda: Spring 2014. pp. 182–186. <mask>, <mask>. Author Guillermo Paxton: An Interview with "El Guëro de Juárez". 2015.Children's books
 Goldenberg, Janet, and <mask>ner. Weird Things You Can Grow. New York: Random House, 1994. Goldenberg, Janet, and <mask>. Weird But True: A Cartoon Encyclopedia of Incredibly Strange Things. New York: HarperTrophy, 1997. Daly-Weir, Catherine, and <mask>.The Exploding Toilet and Other Tales Too Funny to Be True. New York: HarperCollins, 1998. Busby, Cylin, and <mask>. The Chicken-Fried Rat: Tales Too Gross to Be True. New York: HarperCollins, 1998. Gilson, Kristin, and <mask>. The Baby-Sitter's Nightmare: Tales Too Scary to Be True.New York: HarperCollins, 1998. Illustration work
 Ballard, J. G. The Atrocity Exhibition. San Francisco, CA: RE/Search Publications, 1990. Juno, Andrea, and V. Vale, editors. Angry Women. San Francisco, CA: RE/Search Publications, 1991. 13.Revised edition. New York, NY: Juno Books, 1999. Spinrad, Paul. The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids. San Francisco, CA: RE/Search Publications, 1999. Winks, Cathy, Anne Semans, and Cathy Winks. The Good Vibrations Guide to Sex: The Most Complete Sex Manual Ever Written.San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2002. See also
 The Diary of a Teenage Girl
 The Diary of a Teenage Girl: An Account in Words and Pictures
 Wimmen's Comix
 Weirdo
 Autobiographical comics

References

Further reading
 Pekar, Harvey, and <mask>. Graphic Novels A Conversation : a Panel Discussion with Harvey Pekar and <mask>. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University, 2007. Recorded on February 22, 2007, at the Foster Auditorium, Pattee Library and Paterno Library, Penn State University. Lealess, Jacqueline. Making a Spectacle The Comics of Debbie Drechsler, <mask>, Diane DiMassa, and Julie Doucet.Ottawa: Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada, 2007. Thesis/dissertation. Chute, Hillary L. Graphic Women Life Narrative and Contemporary Comics. New York: Columbia University Press, 2010. Michael, Olga, Monica Pearl, and Michael Bibler. Pastiche and Family Strife in Contemporary American Women's Graphic Memoirs: <mask>, Lynda Barry and Alison Bechdel. University of Manchester, 2014.Thesis/dissertation. Poharec, Lauranne. Showing the Unsayable: Trauma and Juxtaposition in Persepolis and A Child's Life and Other Stories. University of New Mexico. Dept. of Foreign Languages and Literatures, 2014. Thesis/dissertation.Schwartzwald, Robert, Carney, Sean, and Køhlert, Frederik Byrn. Drawing in the Margins: Identity and Subjectivity in Contemporary Autobiographical Comics. Université de Montréal, 2015. Thesis/dissertation. External links
 Ravenblond official website

1960 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American women cartoonists
American comics writers
American women novelists
Living people
Medical illustrators
Underground cartoonists
University of Michigan faculty
Female comics writers
American female comics artists
Artists from Philadelphia
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Michigan
Inkpot Award winners
American cartoonists
American women academics
Castilleja School alumni

masks:
Phoebe Louise Adams Gloeckner
Gloeckner
Gloeckner
Gloeckner
Gloeckner
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Gloeckner
Phoebe
Phoebe Gloeck
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner
Phoebe Gloeckner


type: original

texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1990) is an American football offensive guard for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Notre Dame and was drafted 16th overall by the Cowboys in the first round of the 2014 NFL Draft. He has made seven Pro Bowls and been selected to seven All-Pro teams. <mask> is considered one of the best guards in the NFL. Early years

<mask> and his brother Nick, spent their entire elementary years from kindergarten through eighth grade at Saint Matthew Catholic School, in Indianapolis, Indiana, according to their then principal, Dr. <mask>. The Martins are products of Catholic Youth Organization (CYO) sports in the Archdiocese of Indianapolis. <mask> and Nick each enrolled their freshman year at Bishop Chatard High School in Indianapolis, Indiana.<mask> tallied 114 pancake blocks during his senior campaign, and was named a first-team all-state selection as a senior and junior. He was a member of the Indiana Class 3A State Championship team as
a sophomore with a 12–3 record, and helped lead his high school team to a 14–1 record and second consecutive Indiana Class 3A state championship as a junior in 2007. He started both ways as a sophomore on the offensive and defensive lines, and recorded 73 tackles, including five tackles for loss as a defensive tackle during his sophomore season in 2006. He also starred in basketball during his sophomore and junior years at Bishop Chatard. His style of play earned him the nickname "The Butcher", given to him by opposing fans. He was selected to play in the 2009 Under Armour All-America Game in Orlando, Florida. He also competed in track & field as a shot putter and discus thrower.He played for legendary coach Andrew Slome. Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, he was rated the 22nd best offensive tackle in the nation. He accepted a scholarship from Notre Dame over offers from Indiana, Kentucky, and Michigan. College career
After redshirting in 2009, he became the starting left tackle for the Irish in 2010. He saw action in all 13 games in 2010, and was one of 11 players to start all 13 games for the Irish that season. As a junior in 2011, he started all 13 games at left offensive tackle, and was part of a unit that only allowed 17 sacks during the season. He helped pave the way for a running game that averaged 4.8 yards a carry, the best by a Notre Dame team since 1996.In 2012, he was named one of four team captains for the Irish. He started all 13 games and helped lead the team to a 12–0 regular season record and a trip to the 2013 BCS National Championship Game against the Alabama Crimson Tide, but lost 42–14. He announced he would return to the Irish for the 2013–2014 season. In his final season, he was named team captain for the second time, becoming only the 18th player in school history to earn such an honor. <mask> would start all 13 games, setting a new school record for career starts by an offensive lineman with 52. He was leader of a unit that allowed only 8 sacks, tied for second best in the FBS. He was named MVP of the 2013 Pinstripe Bowl after a 29–16 win over Rutgers, becoming the first offensive lineman since 1959 (Jay Huffman) to receive that distinction in a college bowl game.Professional career

2014 season
In the 2014 NFL Draft, there was speculation that the Dallas Cowboys would select quarterback Johnny Manziel if he was available. Instead, the team had targeted linebacker Ryan Shazier, who ended up going to the Pittsburgh Steelers. With the 16th pick of the first round the Cowboys drafted <mask> with the intention of converting him to an offensive guard. He was named the starter at right guard from the first day of Organized Team Activities in the preseason, replacing Mackenzy Bernadeau, who had been the starter in the previous two years. His addition contributed to the offensive line becoming arguably the best in the league. On December 23, <mask> became one of four rookies selected to the 2014 Pro Bowl. On January 2, 2014 he was voted to the AP 2014 All-Pro Team, the only rookie to make the team, and was the first Cowboys rookie since running back Calvin Hill was named to the team in 1969.Also, he was the first rookie offensive lineman to be named first-team AP All-Pro since Dick Huffman in 1947. 2015 season
<mask> had a second All-Pro caliber season in as many years despite losing DeMarco Murray to the division rivals Philadelphia Eagles in free agency. <mask> and company led the NFL's ninth best rushing attack as teammate Darren McFadden finished fourth in rushing with 1,089 yards. <mask> played for Team Irvin along with each of his elected teammates in the 2016 Pro Bowl and was named second team All-Pro by the Associated Press. 2016 season
<mask> was named to his third straight Pro Bowl and was named First-team All-Pro, both honors being shared with fellow Cowboy offensive linemen Travis Frederick and Tyron Smith. He was also ranked 58th on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017. 2017 season

On April 18, 2017, the Cowboys picked up the fifth-year option on <mask>'s rookie contract.He was named to his fourth straight Pro Bowl alongside tackle Tyron Smith and center Travis Frederick for the fourth straight year. He was ranked 71st by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2018. 2018 season
On June 13, 2018, <mask> signed a six-year, $84 million contract extension with the Cowboys with $40 million guaranteed, making him the highest paid guard in the NFL. He suffered a knee injury in Week 14 and missed the following week, the first time in his career that he had missed a game. 2019 season
In 2019 <mask> become one of five offensive linemen ever to secure a Pro Bowl invitation in each of their first six seasons, joining Lou Creekmur (1950–57), Jon Morris (1964–70), Joe Thomas (2007–16) and Richmond Webb (1990–96). 2020 season
In Week 11, <mask> made his first career start at right tackle due to injuries across the offensive line. On December 7, 2020, <mask> was placed on injured reserve with a calf strain.He was activated on January 2, 2021. 2021 season
On September 5, 2021, it was announced that <mask> was ruled out for the 2021 season opener due to testing positive for COVID-19. Personal life
<mask> married his wife Morgan in July 2016 and has a son and a daughter. His wife is the sister of former NFL tight end, Tyler Eifert. Before becoming brothers-in-law, <mask> and Eifert were teammates and roommates at the University of Notre Dame. <mask>'s brother <mask> (Nicholas Jacob <mask>) is an American football center who plays for the Las Vegas Raiders of the National Football League (NFL). He also played college football at Notre Dame and was drafted 50th overall by the Houston Texans in the second round of the 2016 NFL Draft.References

External links
Notre Dame Fighting Irish bio
Dallas Cowboys bio

1990 births
Living people
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Dallas Cowboys players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
Players of American football from Indianapolis
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
Under Armour All-American football players

masks:
Zachary Edward Martin
Martin
Zack
Martin Erlenbaugh
Zack
Zack
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Martin
Nick Martin
Martin


texts:
<mask> (31 May 1834 – 1 July 1917) was a Euro-African-born pioneer historian, teacher, farmer, trader, physician and pastor who worked with the Basel Mission on the Gold Coast. He wrote The History of the Gold Coast and Asante in the Ga language; scholars consider the book a “culturally important” work and an increasingly important source for Ghanaian history. The work was later translated into English and published in 1895 in Switzerland. He used written sources and oral tradition, interviewing more than 200 people in the course of assembling his history. Biography

Early life and education

<mask> was born in Prampram, Gold Coast, a palm oil trading port He was the only son of <mask> (1806–1865), a soldier of half-Danish heritage, and <mask> (1811-1902), an ethnic Ga from Kinka, Dutch Accra. <mask>'s father worked as a soldier at the Osu Danish garrison before he became a local agent for an English merchant, Joshua Ridley who eventually married the older <mask>'s sister, Anna. <mask>'s grandfather, Augustus Frederick Hackenburg was a Danish merchant who came to the Gold Coast in 1739 and later became the colonial Governor, leaving the position in 1748.As a little child, he lived in ritual servitude at a fetish shrine, Digbla of Gbugla of his mother's Ga-Dangme traditional religion. After fleeing the shrine, he received his early education at the Danish language school at the Christiansborg Castle from 1842 to 1847. His schoolmates were the Hesse sisters: Pauline Hesse, a trader and missionary-wife, married to the Jamaican Moravian educator, Alexander Worthy Clerk (1820-1906), in addition to Regina Hesse (1832-1898), a pioneer educator and school principal who married Hermann Ludwig Rottmann, the first Basel missionary-trader and founder of the Basel Mission Trading Company in Christiansborg, Gold Coast. He then continued his education at the Basel Mission School at Osu between 1847 and 1855. He was baptised in 1844. Unhappy with the school curriculum, he quit school halfway through his education and worked for his uncle as a trader for two years from 1850 to 1852. During this period, he often crossed the Volta River to trade with the Ewe people.One of his tutors in catechism was the German philologist, Johannes Zimmermann (1825-1876) who had a strong influence on him in the areas of source criticism and historiography. Christian mission

<mask> was a mission assistant to the Basel missionary, August Steinhauser and ran administrative errands for him in Odumase-Krobo to meet the paramount chief, Odonkor Azu, whose sons, including Sir Emmanuel Mate Kole, were educated by the Basel Mission. <mask> succeeded Steinhauser at Abokobi as a missionary, following the 1854 bombardment of Christiansborg by the British naval ship H. M. S. Scourge, after the poll tax riots, compelling the mission to move from Osu to Abokobi. The local Abokobi shaman, Akoto Badu of Agbowo, converted to Christianity while he was stationed there. He was transferred to Krobo in 1859 to deputise Johannes Zimmermann. He was also missionary at Teshie but was unable to win any Christian converts. <mask> was consecrated a full-time catechist in 1857.In 1869, he was elected a presbyter and assistant superintendent of the Christiansborg Church, now the Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu. On 13 October 1872 he was ordained a minister of the Basel mission. Role as a physician and farmer

Given his knowledge of traditional healing through herbal medicine, gleaned from travels around the Gold Coast, <mask> acted as the physician and surgeon to the wounded soldiers during an 1870 local war between the Ga and Akwamu peoples. Four years earlier, he had performed a similar medical role in 1866 local war between the Dangmes of Ada and the Awuna Ewe people. In appreciation of his medical services in treating the wounded after the Ga-Akwamu war, he was the recipient of a citation of commendation from the Administrator (1867–1872) and later Governor (1879 -1880), H. T. Ussher during the welcome ceremonies for a visiting contingent from Lagos, Nigeria. He also engaged in large-scale coffee farming at a place he named "Hebron" near the hamlet of Adenkrebi close to Aburi. Teaching and writing

<mask> taught as an assistant teacher of history at the Basel Mission Seminary at Akropong from November 1860 to April 1862.Other courses at the seminary included English, Biblical exegesis, theology, geography and classical languages. He was the headmaster of the all boys' middle boarding school, the Salem School at Osu in 1873. As principal, he mentored several students such as <mask>, Peter M. Anteson and William A. Quartey, who all became teachers and catechists of the Basel mission. <mask> taught literacy in the Ga language and composed church hymns in Ga in 1856 and 1857. He established a boarding school at Mayera with a dozen Ga boys from Accra. He lived and worked in Mayera for a decade before returning to Christiansborg, Osu. In 1903, he was part of the committee at Abokobi that revised the Ga Bible, including Ludwig Richter, Jakob Wilhelm Werz, <mask> and Daniel Sabah (1854-07).The revision committee completed its work in 1912. He finished work on his notable book, A History of the Gold Coast and Asante in 1889. This literary piece was originally written in the Ga language. The English translation of the book was published in Basel in 1895. The inspiration or impetus for his magnum opus came from a strong sense of nationalism and the linguistic work that had been carried out on Twi oral traditions by the German philologist and fellow Basel missionary, Johann Gottlieb Christaller (1827–1895). Reindorf was also likely influenced by <mask> Protten (1715–1769), a fellow Ga-Danish mulatto or Gold Coast Euro-African and an 18th-century Moravian missionary and educator in Christiansborg who wrote the first recorded grammatical pamphlet in the Ga and Fante languages, which was published in Copenhagen in 1764. Personal life
In 1856, <mask> married Juliana Ayikai Mansah Djebi from a notable household in Asere.Djebi had received a European-type education, living with Marie Locher, a missionary-wife in Christiansborg. The couple had eleven children including a prominent Gold Coast physician and a 1910 medical graduate of the Durham University, Dr. Charles Elias <mask>, who died in 1968. <mask>, <mask> (1895, 1966), The History of the Gold Coast and Asante, Basel

Death and legacy
<mask> died of natural causes on 1 July 1917. The chiefs and people of Osu accorded him a "full state funeral" with "the attendance reported as being the largest seen in Accra for many years" At the church service, six Basel Mission pastors, including his fellow native Ga ministers, Jeremias Engmann (1840–20), W. A. Quartey who was later elected the third Moderator of the Presbyterian Church of the Gold Coast from 1925 to 1929 as well as Ludwig L. Richter and Samuel Wuta Ofei (1850–22) delivered eulogies. His remains were buried at the Basel Mission Cemetery in Accra and his epitaph reads, "native pastor and historian". A commemorative plaque in the sanctuary of the Ebenezer Presbyterian Church, Osu was dedicated in his memory. The church also renamed its chapel extension, the <mask> <mask> Auditorium in recognition of his contributions to church, history and country.<mask>'s name also appears on a tablet in the chapel listing pioneering missionaries of Osu origin, in recognition of their contributions to formal education and the growth of the Presbyterian faith in Ghana. The <mask> Park, a football park in Dansoman which is the home grounds of Ghanaian football club Liberty Professionals is named in his honour. Footnotes

References

1834 births
1917 deaths
Ga-Adangbe people
Ghanaian Presbyterian missionaries
Ghanaian people of Danish descent
Ghanaian clergy
Ghanaian educators
Ghanaian historians
Ghanaian theologians
Heads of schools in Ghana
People from Accra
19th-century Presbyterian ministers
20th-century Presbyterian ministers
Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong faculty
Osu Salem School alumni
Osu Salem School teaching staff
Presbyterian missionaries in Ghana

masks:
Carl Christian Reindorf
Reindorf
Carl Christian Reindorf Hackenburg
Hannah Anowah Ama Cudjoe Reindorf
Carl Reindorf
Reindorf
Reindorf
Carl Reindorf
Reindorf
Reindorf
Reindorf
Reindorf
Christian Holm
Carl Reindorf
Christian Kölle
Christian Jacob
Carl Reindorf
Reindorf
Works Reindorf
Carl Christian
Carl Reindorf
Carl Christian
Reindorf
Reindorf
Carl Reindorf


texts:
<mask> (; January 11, 1950 – July 20, 2016) was a Hungarian biochemist, professor and Doctor of Biological Sciences (D.Sc.). His major field of research was signal transduction therapy and he participated in the development of novel drug discovery technologies and drug candidates that entered the clinical development process. Biography
He studied chemistry at the Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest), where he graduated in 1973 and received a PhD in biochemistry in 1976. He worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of California, San Francisco in 1978-1979. As a visiting scientist he returned to the United States 19 times for various time periods on the bases of a National Science Foundation grant and joint research programs with University of California, San Francisco and Sugen. From the Hungarian Academy of Sciences he received Candidatus of Biological Sciences (C.Sc.) in 1982 and Doctor of Biological Sciences (D.Sc.)in 1994. In 1997 he became Dr. Med. Habil. of the Semmelweis University. He was married to Mária Kenéz, has two children (Csaba 1976 and Júlia 1980) and a granddaughter Luca (2008). History
 1979-1988: Research scientist and Senior research scientist of First Institute of Biochemistry, Semmelweis University Medical School and Hungarian Academy of Sciences
 1988-1994: Head of Peptide Research Laboratory, Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Joint Research Organization of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University Medical School, The First Institute of Biochemistry
 1994-2008: Head of Peptide Biochemistry Research Group and Rational Drug Design Laboratory, Professor of Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Semmelweis Medical University
 1992-1999: Scientific advisor of Sugen
 1999-2005: Scientific advisor of Axxima Pharmaceuticals
 1999–present: CEO and CSO of Vichem Chemie Research Ltd.
 2001-2012: Chairman of Rational Drug Design Laboratories Co-operation Research Center, Semmelweis University
 2002-2008: Curator of Office for Subsidised Research Units of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
 2008-2012: Head of Signal Transduction Therapy Laboratory at Semmelweis University
 2012–present: Head of Pathobiochemistry Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences at Semmelweis University, Department of Medical Chemistry

Research
<mask> <mask> was an internationally recognized expert on signal transduction therapy and personalized therapy. His pioneering work focused on the utilization of signal transduction therapy approach in the pharmaceutical research.He achieved outstanding results in the research and development of peptide hormone derivatives and kinase inhibitors as antitumor agents. He was involved in the development of a signal-inhibiting somatostatin peptide compound (TT-232), which reached Phase II clinical trials, and SU101, which reached Phase III clinical trials. Vichem – the company he co-founded in 1999 – developed a kinase inhibitor library, and a hit finding technology called Nested Chemical Library™ technology and an allosteric library for inhibiting protein-protein interactions. He has developed at Vichem the DriverHit Library™ for inhibiting the signaling pathways activated by cancer driver genes or mutated tumor suppressor genes. He also participated with German researchers in the development of a new proteomic technology (Target Fishing technology) which makes it possible to identify unknown targets in the signal transduction network or the interacting enzymes of the metabolom. Over a hundred international patents or patent applications can be linked to his name, while he is a co-author of more than 250 publications in international scientific journals and several book chapters. Membership of scientific organizations
 Hungarian Chemical Society
 Hungarian Biochemical Society
 Committee of Peptide Research of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
 Society of Hungarian Oncologists
 Member of the Council of Res.Institutes of Hungarian Academy of Sciences
 European Peptide Society
 American Peptide Society
 International Society of Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine
 European Association for Cancer Research
 Executive Committee of EC European Biotechnology Consortium
 President of the Curatorium of the Szekerke Mária Cancer Research Foundation
 Vice President of the European Biotechnology Thematic Network Association (2009–2011)
 Member of the Healthcare Council of EuropaBio

Editorial board memberships
 Current Signal Transduction Therapy (Bentham Sci.BIOPHYS. RES. COM. 1950 births
2016 deaths
Hungarian biochemists
Scientists from Budapest

masks:
György Kéri
György
Kéri


texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1960, in Los Angeles, California) is an American former professional "Old School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer. His prime competitive years were from 1980 to 1988. His nickname was "The Human Dragster", so named for his adeptness at getting the "Holeshot", or getting out in front literally at the drop of the starting gate and leading the other competitors down the first straight and into the first turn. The moniker was coined by Bob Hunt, an NBL announcer at the 1982 NBL Grand Nationals that <mask> raced in. Many racers received their monikers from the pithy play by play race announcers. <mask> was a former motorcycle motocross (MX) racer that made the switch to BMX in 1977 (he would return to MX after his BMX career). Quiet, shy and highly likable he was believed to have all the talents to be truly a top level racer.If Mr. <mask> was likable he had a strong desire to be liked. One of his goals was to be voted as the fan favorite among kids as their favorite racer; "...to be the people's favorite is my goal." he said. That goal was fulfilled in 1987 When he won BMX Action's Number One Racer Award (NORA) Cup for that year. Unfortunately his inconsistency prevented him from winning a national number one plate for any association amateur or professional. The closest was a National No. 2 with the NBL in 1986.He failed to transfer out of his semi (crashed) while only a few points behind the eventual No.1 for that year, Pete Loncarevich (who was not doing well himself at the time and barely qualified for the main). However, he did win the 1986 IBMXF World Championship. 1986 was a good year by any measure. Racing career milestones

Note: Professional first are on the national level unless otherwise indicated. *In the ABA "A" Pro; in the NBL "B" Pro/Superclass/"A" Pro depending on the era. **In the ABA it was "AA" Pro, in the NBL "A" Pro (Elite Men). However, the NBA did not have a Junior Pro division.The NBA would merge with the NBL after the 1981 season before it had a chance to create a junior pro class. Therefore, any win in the Pro class of the NBA counts as his first Senior pro win. Career factory and major bicycle shop sponsors

Note: This listing only denotes the racer's primary sponsors. At any given time a racer could have numerous ever-changing co-sponsors. Primary sponsorships can be verified by BMX press coverage and sponsor's advertisements at the time in question. Amateur
The Pedal Shop: Early 1980-Mid-1980
Jag BMX: Mid-1980-December 1980. Would turn pro and be briefly with this sponsor as a pro.Left under bad circumstances. Jag wanted <mask> to stay an amateur for one more year, but <mask> wanted to be a pro immediately. Professional
Jag BMX: Mid-1980 – December 1980. Powerlite Racing: April 18, 1981 – September 1983. Left because by September 1983 he was the only member of the Powerlite team and he needed the security of being on a true team. Otherwise he left Powerlite on good terms. Torker BMX Products: October 1, 1983 – November 1984 Torker literally went out of business while the racing team was racing on the East Coast.He didn't have a clue until people came up to him with the news. GT (Gary Turner) Racing: November 1984 – December 31, 1986 On the return flight west after Torker folded Richard Long, the owner of GT, offered <mask> a spot on his team, which he accepted. At the end of his contract he turned down an offer from GT to stay on a pared-down team because his salary would have been reduced. GT offered to compensate by increasing contingency awards (a contingency is a monetary award for coming in first place at any given race as an incentive). Brackens did not accept. According to the September 1999 issue of Snap magazine, it didn't sit well and it left a "bad taste" that freestylers Eddie Fiola and racer Gary Ellis were being paid more and he was offered less than they were being paid. Teammate Gary Ellis remained under those terms.KHS (Kung Hsue She): May 1987 – August 1987. World Class Racing/KHS: August 1987 – July 1988. World Class Products, Inc. is the product of the merger between Jag BMX and DG Performance Bicycles in the spring of 1982. KHS was still a co-sponsor when World Class Products was <mask>rackens's main sponsor. Brackens Racing: July 1988 – 1990 – This was a <mask>rackens-owned BMX company that made frames and forks. It was prosperous enough to factory-sponsor Eric Carter at the beginning of his pro career. Career bicycle motocross titles

Note: Listed are District, State/Provincial/Department, Regional, National, and International titles in italics.Depending on point totals of individual racers, winners of Grand Nationals do not necessarily win National titles. Only sanctioning bodies active during the racer's career are listed. Amateur
National Bicycle Association (NBA)
1980 winner of the amateur Race of Champions (ROC) at the 1980 Grand Nationals winning a $3,000 Fisher stereo system Amateurs can win expensive prizes without jeopardizing their amateur status as they would be if they won the cash equivalent. National Bicycle League (NBL)
1980 16 Expert Grandnational Champion
American Bicycle Association (ABA)
None

Professional
National Bicycle Association (NBA)
None
National Bicycle League (NBL)
1984 National No.3 Pro
1986 National No.2 Pro
American Bicycle Association (ABA)
None
United States Bicycle Motocross Association (USBA)
1986 "A" Pro and Pro Open Race of Champions Champion (Double)
International Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)
1986 Pro European Champion
1986 Pro World Champion
Pro Series Championships and Invitationals
1984 European Challenge Cup Champion

The 1984 European Challenge Cup was a comparatively small race (130 motos) that drew a select portion of racers, professionals and amateurs, Europeans and Americans held on June 10, 1984, in Slagharen, the Netherlands. Though small, it was well received. 1985 Kellog's Frosties BMX Champion. The Kellogg's Frosties BMX Championship held in Birmingham, England was a series of six races held on three days total (but stretched out over a week including off days) that was centered on the invited 12 top pros of the United States and 12 British pros and tailored for British television broadcast.There were also eight amateurs class races held but the race focus was meant for the pros. Bicross de Paris 1985 Challenge Yoplait Champion (King of Bercy 2)

The 1985 Paris Yoplait BMX Challenge was an invitational race sponsored and promoted by the Yoplait Yogurt company in which American and English pros as well as French pros were brought together to compete in a single race. As is typical in Europe, the public had greater enthusiasm for BMX than the American public, in part because bicycle racing of any type was and is much more popular in Europe (and in Asia and South America as well) than in the United States. A staggering (by American standards) 18,000 spectators attended the sell out event and it was covered live on French television. 1986 Scorpion International Spring Classic Champion. The Scorpion International Spring Classic was an invitational race held at Lowestoft, a town in Suffolk, East Anglia, England on May 4, 1986. Four American pros were invited: Eddy King, Scott Clark Travis Chipres and <mask>.They raced at least four respected English pros in the main including Tim March, Geth Shooter, Garry Llewellyn Jamie Vince and Charlie Reynolds. Other nationalities were invited but did not make the pro main. <mask> was pro champion. Notable accolades
Winner of the National Bicycle Association's "Most Improved Rider" Award in 1981. Winner of BMX Action's 1987 Number One Racer Award (NORA) Cup with 17.91% of the vote (total cast unknown)
He is a 1991 ABA BMX Hall of Fame Inductee. Miscellaneous

He was the 1986 winner of the "King of the Mountain" outlaw Gravity Powered Vehicle (GPV) Championship. * This win was the beginning of a career in GPV racings.His enthusiasm was reflected in this quote:"That, by far...and I'm serious, meant more to me than winning ANY BMX race I've ever won! THAT was intense." ----BMX Action March 1987

GPV racing had been around since the late 1970s but achieved wide notoriety among BMXers beginning in early 1985. Many BMXers both retired and active, participated like Jeff Bottema, and Scot Breithaupt among the retirees and Eddy King, Harry Leary, Kevin Hull the active racers. Freestylist as well participated in the discipline like Dave Vanderspek, Eddie Fiola, Ceppie Maes and Rich Sigur. There were racers who participated which their specialty was downhill road racing like Dan Hanabrink as well. Most racers used converted pedalless BMX or Freestyle bicycles, often with the handlebars turned almost completely down.Often so was the bicycle frame with the bottom bracket pointing toward the racer's chest to lower the profile of the bike for greater stability. In later, fairings were added and also bicycles built specifically for downhill runs. They raced down courses (which were public roads) that were from 1.3 to seven miles long, hitting speeds of 50 to 90 mph. The outlaw aspect was that during the early days they would race down open to traffic roads which, while not illegal, was not sanctioned by a formal sanctioning body either, like the NBL sanctioning BMX races. At the beginning of the 1988 GPV season they started getting highway department permission to block off roads, therefore removing the outlaw characteristic of the activity. The sport is still around but the initial faddish aspect of it lasted from mid-1985 to approximately late 1989. In mid-2000 he qualified for an ESPN X Games GPV race in Saint George, Utah event on a bike he purchased from a Target discount store, beating custom bikes costing US$2,000 to $3,000.It was his very first GPV race since a 1990 race in Palm Springs, California where he set the course record of 90 mph. Scott E. Burdick who made a fairing out of cardboard, and still was able to reach speeds of more than 100 mph in the final straight away of the palm springs California tramway hill. You can find the race as seen on ESPN or on VHS video. *The table of contents page has it mislabled No.1

BMX related product lines
1988 KHS "Tommy Terminator" signature frame & fork set which was released in January 1988. <mask> started his own BMX frame and fork company like Greg Hill did in 1983 with Greg Hill Products (GHP) bearing his name: Brackens Racing Products. It was started in 1988 and sponsored during its short life raciers like Eric Carter and Kevin Hull. Brackens Racing Products was sold to Power Source/Roost in late 1994.Significant injuries
Sprained wrist in Pompano Beach national in May 1983. Laid up for approximately one month. Injured leg when his handle bars stabbed him in a leg muscle in a crash during practice before the Friday Pre Race at the NBL, Lemoore, California Nationals in August 1987. He sat out the rest of the weekend missing both the Saturday and Sunday nationals. Racing habits and traits
Variables like track condition or delays could do psychological havoc to him at a race. Was said to lack the "killer instinct" that was necessary to truly dominate the top pro BMX class due to his easy going good natured personality. Like his friend and fellow racer Anthony Sewell, he was a power racer who lagged in the technical aspects of racing with his difficulties in negotiating turns (which made him relatively easy to pass if he wasn't too far ahead of the competition) and conversely lacking the skill to set someone up for a pass in those turns if he was behind; and speed jumping multiple moguls called whoop-de-doos inefficiently which made him easier to pass (again if the competition wasn't to far behind to pass).In contrast racers like Richie Anderson, Mike King, Steve Veltman and even Stu Thomsen were known for their smooth speed jumping abilities. One of Richie Anderson's nicknames was "Mr. Smooth" due to this. The otherwise nicknameless Mike King was also occasionally referred to as "Mr. Smooth". This weakness in technique very likely hindered Brackens's ability to win a national title. Post BMX career
He started his own BMX bicycle company Brackens Racing Products.This is ironic given the answer to a question in a BMX Plus! interview about owning his own company one day:

BMXP! : What are your ambitions after racing? Have your own company, maybe? <mask>: No! It's too much hassle having your own company! ----BMX Plus!April 1983 page 60. The company lasted two years from 1988 to 1990 sponsoring racers including Eric Carter along the way. The company went out of business due to competition from overseas. He worked for Huffy Service First a division of Huffy that assembled bicycles for department chain stores. He worked there from his time as part timer while he ran his own bicycle business. When his business folded in 1990, he worked at Huffy Service First full-time up through the early 2000s. <mask> returned to his Motorcycle Motocross racing roots for a time, which he was involved in prior to his BMX career.Proving that BMXers typically like almost all type of racing, during his BMX career (and fittingly in light of his nickname) he has also dabbled in Outlaw Drag Racing, in which participants participate in illegal urban street racing. This was in addition to his GPV racing (as outlined above) which he still participated in through the first decade of the 2000s. BMX and general press magazine interviews and articles
"Powerlite's <mask>ens: The Human Dragster Himself" Super BMX February 1983 Vol.10 No.2 pg.26
"<mask>" BMX Action June 1983 Vol.8 No.6 pg.50
"The New Torker" Super BMX November 1984 Vol.11 No.11 pg.22 Mini Bio along with other Torker teammates. Mini interview during North Park NBL National BMX Action November 1984 Vol.9 No.11 pg.25
"Four Taco Lunch And Conversation With <mask>" BMX Action May 1985 Vol.10 No.5 pg.86
"How I won that Race" Super BMX & Freestyle May 1985 Vol.12 No.5 pg.59 Story written by <mask>rackens
Mini-interview BMX Action August 1985 Vol.10 No.8 pg.44 Gives play by play account of Pro Mains. "GT's Human Dragster" Super BMX & Freestyle September 1986 Vol.13 No.9 pg.62
"A New World Champion" Super BMX & Freestyle December 1986 Vol.13 No.12 pg.32
"<mask>: All In The Name Of Fun" BMX Action July 1986 Vol. No.7 pg.20
"The 1986 IBMXF World Championship: I don't feel any different" BMX Plus! December 1986 Vol.9 No.12 pg.46 Story written by <mask> Brackens of how he won the 1986 World Championship."Tom and Gary: Not to be confused with the cat and mouse" BMX Action February 1987 Vol.12 No.2 pg.64 Joint interview with Gary Ellis. "Tommy & Tuni: Ready for '88" BMX Action January 1988 Vol.13 No.1 pg.34 Joint article with Turnell Henry. "Flashback: <mask>" Snap BMX Magazine September 1999 Vol.7 Iss.6 No.35 pg.80 Retrospective of the racer. BMX magazine covers

Note: Only magazines that were in publication at the time of the racer's career(s) are listed unless specifically noted. Bicycle Motocross News:
None
Minicycle/BMX Action & Super BMX:
July 1982 Vol.9 No.7 (SBMX)
November 1984 Vol.11 No.11 (SBMX)
October 1985 Vol.12 No.10. In insert freestyler Scotty Freeman. (SBMX&F)
December 1986 Vo.13 No.12 (SBMX&F)
Bicycle Motocross Action & Go:
None
BMX Plus!:
April 1983 Vol.6 No.4
May 1985 Vol.8 No.5 in insert with Pete Loncarevich (1), Gary Ellis (2), Ronnie Anderson (13) & Eddy King (67); Scott Clark in circular insert; freestyler Martin Aparijo insert; and freestyler Chris Meier as main image. December 1985 Vol.8 No.12 with Pete Loncarevich (16) and Gary Ellis (9). Also Dizz Hicks and Brian Scura (building quarter pipe) in separate inserts. September 1986 Vol.13 No.9 in photo composite behind Greg Hill, Eric Rupe, Gary Ellis (1) and unidentified (15). Freestyler Eddie Fiola "above" them. July 1987 Vol.10 No.7 In rectangle insert (2) leading Shawn Texas (5) Pete Loncarevich (15) Charles Townsend (9) and two unidentifieds (11) and (6). In triangle insert Harry Leary (1) ahead of Scott Towne (70) and Robby Rupe.In top circle insert freestyler Mike Dominguez. Main image: freestyler Matt Hoffman. Total BMX:

Bicycles and Dirt:
None
Bicross Magazine (French Publication):
Juin (June) 1983 Numéro 10 (No.10) (9) in fourth place behind Stu Thomsen (1) and ahead of Bob Woods (12) in fifth and behind two unidentifies in second and third. NBA World & NBmxA World )The NBA/NBmxA official publication):

Bicycles Today & BMX Today (the NBL official publication under two names):

ABA Action, American BMXer, BMXer (the ABA official publication under two name changes):

USBA Racer (The official USBA membership publication):

Notes

External links
 The American Bicycle Association (ABA) Website. The National Bicycle League (NBL) Website. GravityBike.com a site dedicated to the sport of high speed downhill bicycle racing. 1960 births
BMX riders
American male cyclists
Living people
Cyclists from Los Angeles

masks:
Tommy Lee Brackens
Tommy
Tommy Brackens
Brackens
Tommy
Tommy
Brackens
Tommy B
Tommy B
Tommy Brackens
Brackens
Brackens
Tommy
Brackens
Tommy Brack
Tommy Bens
Tommy Brackens
Tommy B
Tommy Brackens
Tommy
Tommy Brackens


texts:
<mask> (8 July 1874 – 3 September 1927) was a New Zealand rugby union player who represented New Zealand—known as the All Blacks—between 1901 and 1908. Most notably he toured with the Original All Blacks on their 1905–06 tour of the British Isles, France and North America. They were the first New Zealand representative team to visit the British Isles, and of their 32 matches there <mask> played in 23. He played mainly at lock, and was added to the touring party due to his strong scrummaging ability. He played in three Test matches during the trip: against Scotland, Ireland and France, but did not play in the loss to Wales due to injury, the All Blacks' only defeat on tour. Born near Te Awamutu, <mask> originally played club rugby in Waihi, in the Coromandel region. Lying within the Auckland Rugby Football Union's boundaries, he was selected to play for Auckland province in 1899 and continued to represent the side until his retirement in 1913.He was first picked for New Zealand in 1901, and played against New South Wales that year, but was not selected again until the 1905 Originals' tour. After the tour he continued to represent New Zealand in both 1907 and 1908. Affiliating to Rongowhakaata, he was a member of the first ever New Zealand Māori team in 1910, and played for them again in 1912. On retirement in 1913 he had appeared for Auckland 45 times, and for New Zealand 39—both large numbers for the time. Early life and family
Born at Rangiaowhia, near Te Awamutu, on 8 July 1874, <mask> was the son of Hera (Sarah) Ngaihika Halbert and her second husband, <mask>. Hera was the daughter of Thomas Halbert, a whaler and trader who landed in Poverty Bay in about 1832, and his fifth wife, Keita Kaikiri, who belonged to the Rongowhakaata iwi. Hera later remarried Paratene Tatae, a cousin of Te Kooti: their daughters included Reremoana Hakiwai, and Keita Kaikiri Paratene, who married Rēweti Kōhere.<mask> married Ethel Minnie Dance of Waihi on 23 September 1907. The same year, Ethel gave birth to their son, William Henry <mask>, however he died at only a day old. This was the only child the couple had. Early career
<mask> first played representative rugby union for Auckland province in 1899. He was selected from his club Waihi West (a club in Waihi on the Coromandel Peninsula), which was affiliated to the Goldfield subunion. At the time the Goldfields Rugby Union was a subunion of the Auckland Rugby Football Union, but its constituent clubs are now affiliated to the Thames Valley Rugby Football Union. He was first selected to play for New Zealand in 1901, and played against Wellington and the New South Wales team that was touring New Zealand at the time.Both matches were comfortably won, with the tourists defeated 20–3. <mask> played his first of four matches for Auckland against international opposition, against the same New South Wales side a week later, with his Auckland team winning 24–3. <mask> moved to Auckland in 1902, and played his club rugby for City, before joining Ponsonby the following season. He had been displaced from the national team by this time, with Cantabrian Bernard Fanning preferred at lock. The New Zealanders used a different scrum formation than seen today, and only one lock was ever required. Despite not being selected for New Zealand in 1904, <mask> continued to appear for Auckland, and played in two particularly notable matches that season. In 1904 the first Ranfurly Shield match was played.The shield, a provincial challenge trophy won by defeating the holder, was to become the most prestigious trophy in domestic New Zealand rugby. Due to their unmatched provincial record at the time Auckland were awarded the shield. The first shield challenge was played against Wellington, who were not expected to pose much of a threat. Auckland had not lost at home in six years, but, with <mask> in the side, Auckland lost 6–3. The second notable match that season was against the touring British Isles who were conducting a tour of Australia and New Zealand. The Aucklanders defeated the British Isles side 13–0, with <mask> scoring a try and contributing significantly to the dominance of his team's forwards. Original All Blacks

The first ever tour of a New Zealand representative team to the British Isles was planned for 1905, and a preliminary tour of Australia and New Zealand was undertaken to help fund the tour.<mask> was not in the original touring squad, and so played for Auckland against New Zealand. According to Winston McCarthy, New Zealand's forwards were at "sixes and sevens mainly through want of a good lock." Following the conclusion of the preliminary tour of Australia and New Zealand it was clear that a specialist lock forward needed to be added to the side. Fanning, who had kept <mask> out of the New Zealand side in 1903 and 1904, had retired following the 1904 season and consequently <mask> did enough to earn selection as the team's only specialist lock. The team departed aboard the Rimutaka and during the voyage conducted training drills on the ship's deck; for this the forwards were coached by the team's captain, Dave Gallaher, with help from <mask>. Vice-captain and first five-eighth <mask> was in charge of the backs, and consequently the services of the New Zealand Rugby Union-appointed coach Jimmy Duncan were not used. After a six-week voyage, the team arrived in Plymouth, England on 8 September 1905.After finally arriving in England, the side opened their tour against Devon. <mask> played in the match which was won easily by the New Zealanders 55–4. Devon were expected to pose a serious challenge, but were overwhelmed and only managed to score a drop-kick. A series of large victories followed against domestic opposition throughout England, and by the time the All Blacks played their first Test match against Scotland, the team had played and won nineteen matches, and scored 612 points while conceding only 15. When time for the Scotland Test did arrive, it was discovered that as the ground had not been covered for protection from the elements, and had frozen over. The Scotland Football Union wanted to abandon the match, but Gallaher and the tour manager George Dixon contended that the weather would improve enough for the pitch to thaw, and the match was eventually allowed to proceed. The Test was closely contested, with Scotland leading 7–6 at half-time, but the All Blacks scored two late tries, including one to <mask>, to win 12–7; despite the close score-line, the New Zealanders were clearly the better of the two sides.<mask> was selected for the Ireland match a week later. The fixture was won 15–0 by New Zealand in front of 12,000 people at Landsdowne Road. The tourists then returned to England, where they defeated England 15–0 at Crystal Palace, but <mask> was not selected due to injury. He was still injured for the Wales Test, and this may have contributed to New Zealand's defeat. The 3–0 loss, the New Zealander's first of the tour, was narrow and controversial, and according to team manager Dixon, "New Zealand suffered by the absence from the team of G. W. [George] Smith, W<mask>, and J. W. [<mask>] Stead." <mask> recovered to play the team's final Test, against France in Paris, where he played as "breakaway" (flanker) rather than his usual position of lock. His last two tour matches were against British Columbia during the American leg of the tour, after which the side returned to New Zealand.The "Original All Blacks"—as the team is now known—had played 35 games and lost only once. Over their 32 matches in the British Isles, of which Cunninghham had played 23, New Zealand scored 830 points and conceded 39; overall they scored 976 points and conceded only 59. On their arrival back in New Zealand on 6March 1906, the All Blacks were welcomed by a crowd of 10,000 before being hosted at a civic reception in Auckland. The 1905–06 Originals are remembered as perhaps the greatest of All Black sides, and set the standard for all their successors. They introduced a number of innovations to Britain and Ireland, including specialised forward positions and unfamiliar variations in attacking plays. Later career

<mask> continued to play for Auckland on his return from the Originals' tour. They had regained the Ranfurly Shield in 1905, and he played in a number of shield defences over the subsequent seasons.He was selected for the New Zealand team that toured Australia in 1907 where he played seven matches, including all three Tests against Australia. He was again selected for the All Blacks in 1908, this time to play the touring Anglo-Welsh team, and played in all three Tests. This was his last appearance for New Zealand, which gave him 39 appearances for his national team, including 9 Test matches. He was later selected for the inaugural New Zealand Māori team (now called the Māori All Blacks) on their 1910 tour of Australia, and again for another tour in 1912. He continued to play for Auckland until 1913. This period included two more matches against international opposition: a victory over the 1908 Anglo-Welsh side 11–0, and a defeat of Australia in 1913. Auckland had held the Ranfurly Shield throughout this time, and had endured a number of close shield challenges during their reign.They had 23 successful shield defenses before they faced Taranaki on 16 August 1913. In the match Taranaki scored a converted try (worth five points at the time) four minutes from full-time to end Auckland's shield reign. <mask> had played in 16 of Auckland's 24 shield matches during their tenure. He retired from provincial rugby at the end of that season. Personal life and playing style
<mask> was very physically fit and strong, and was "remarkably agile" according to writer Matt Elliott. He was very popular with his teammates and possessed a good sense of humour. Like <mask>, the other Māori in the 1905–06 All Black side, <mask> was able to speak the language.Outside of rugby he spent his early working-life as an axeman, and spent some time as a miner before later working for the Auckland Harbour Board. At the time of his death he was working at an Auckland freezing works. Death and legacy
<mask> died suddenly from acute meningitis at Auckland in September 1927, and his funeral was attended by a number of dignitaries, including representatives of the New Zealand, Auckland, New South Wales and Thames Rugby Unions. His pallbearers were all former All Blacks, and included fellow Original All Blacks George Tyler, George Nicholson and George Gillett. After his casket had been lowered into its grave at Hillsborough Cemetery, an Auckland representative jersey was thrown on top. Notes

References

Sources
Books and newspapers

Web

External links

1874 births
1927 deaths
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand rugby union players
Ponsonby RFC players
Auckland rugby union players
Rugby union locks
Māori All Blacks players
People from Te Awamutu
Rongowhakaata
Burials at Hillsborough Cemetery, Auckland
Halbert-Kohere family

masks:
William Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
James Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Billy Stead
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
. Cunningham
Billy
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Cunningham
Billy Stead
Cunningham
Cunningham


texts:
<mask><mask> (born 20 April 1944 in Rome) is a scholar and professor of Russian literature at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy. Biography
He is also an authority on the notorious plagiarism, hoax, and literary forgery known as The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. According to <mask>, "twenty-odd editions had appeared in Russia between 1903 and 1912". He gives the text the acronymous name, "PSM", from its Russian title (romanized) Protocoly sionskikh mudretsov (Cyrillic: Протоколы сионских мудрецов). He also informs us that in 1919 PSM entered the "world at large" in "German, Swedish, Polish, English, Hungarian, and French editions." The first edition in Italian appeared in 1921. Arguably this is the most important English language work on the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion since the publication of Norman Cohn's Warrant for Genocide in 1967/1970.Work
Pages 183-395 are a reconstruction of the original Russian manuscript as it hypothetically existed. The transliterated three-word title of the tract is Protocols [of the] Zionist Elders (the source of the acronym "PSM"). The rest of the book (pages 1–182 and 396-419) is the scholarly textual, philological, and bibliographical study of the antisemitic text. The author claims that he has identified and authenticated nine distinct printings of five editions of this single text, which may be reduced to three redactions. K: original; an apparent work in progress. X: second redaction. Y: third redaction.The full list of printings and editions are as follows. Q: hypothetical source proposed by <mask>, providing the basis for K and Y.
 M: Mikhail Osipovich Menshikov (1902) - The first textual reference to the Protocols, in a far-right newspaper article; claims that they were stolen by a "French journalist" in Nice, and quotes a line. K:    Krusevan, P.               (1903) - <mask> demonstrates that this is the earliest version, but it was published in a tiny, poor-quality paper, vanished from historical record until the 1934 Berne Trial, and has never been translated. Untitled, in 22 unnumbered chapters. Many marks of Ukrainian origin. L:     Hippolytus Lutostansky    (1904) - A direct quote of K; no revision, but useful chronological evidence. (p. 9)
 Z: hypothetical redaction after K but before X or Y.
 X: 27 Protocols, arising out of Z.
    A1:    Anonymous                         (1905) - Published anonymously by a White Russian government press, and based on K.
   B:   Butmi                                (1906a) - Based on A1, but cross-contaminated with Y.
 Y: 24 Protocols, re-edited, but not derived directly from Z -- implying the existence of a Q.
   A2    Anonymous                          (1905) - Resembles A1, but with some new material.N     Nilus                                (1905) - Significant re-editing, seemingly using A2 as a basis, but introducing a large amount of material taken from Maurice Joly. Basis of most translations. I:   Anonymous                            [1917]/[1996] - A concise abridgment on N. Attributes the text to Theodor Herzl. B3    Butmi                                (1906a) - Butmi revises his own text to include material from Y. D     <mask>                             (1906)
 R: A much shorter document, sharing a source with K and X but not Y.
   R1:    G. Skalon;                             Unknown original date [1996] - Published in 1996 by Yuri Begunov, who demonstrated the existence of the R branch through philology, claiming that it dated to the 19th century and proved a "Jewish" origin. R2:    N. Mordvinov                                (1905) - Abridgment using similar sources as R1. R3:   Anonymous                                  (1906)  - Close copy of R2.R4:    Anonymous                                 (1906)  - Copy of R2 with additional material. <mask> was able to get his hands on a rare 1903 edition of the daily newspaper Znamya (Banner). He does not explain where he found this newspaper which does not appear in Russian library catalogs. He writes that the paper published the forgery as an authentic reproduction of a document, under the headline "Programa zavoevanija mira evrejami", which he translates into English as "The Jewish Programme for the Conquest of the World". According to <mask>, the actual title of the purported authentic document is given to it by the translator. In Russian, the title of the document published by the newspaper is as follows: Protokoly zasedanij "vsemirnogo sojuza franmasonov i sionskix mudrecov." This <mask> translates into English as "The protocols of the sessions of the 'World Alliance of Freemasons and of the Sages of Zion'".<mask>' work also may be said to present us with the definitive Russian language edition of the complete restored text. The question remains as to whether or not the alleged original French language edition of the late nineteenth century ever existed. <mask> shows that the "French original" is an extremely shadowy and mysterious document; its existence is supposed by almost everyone, and some claim it is still extant, but very few claim to have actually seen it. <mask>, while acknowledging this, points to extensive circumstantial evidence that there were individuals in France who may have wished to produce such a document and had Joly's source text. Publications

 L'avanguardia trasversale - Il futurismo tra Italia e Russia,  ed., Venezia 2009
The Non-Existent Manuscript: a Study of the Protocols of the Sages of Zion, Studies in Antisemitism Series. University of Nebraska Press, 2004. .
 <mask> G<mask> <mask> (1944–2004). I giorni e le opere.Lineamenti biografici e  scientifici 1944/2004, Voland ed., Roma 2004
 Pasternak, La Nuova Italia, ed. Firenze 1968
 Le illusioni e i simboli (K.M. Fofanov),  ed., Venezia 1973
 Il futurismo italiano in Russia, <mask> ed., Bari 1973
 Il tredicesimo apostolo, Claudiana ed., Torino 1975
 I nomi dell'Avversario, Meynier ed., Torino 1989
 La Valdesia di Novgorod. «Giudaizzanti» e prima riforma (sec. XV), Claudiana ed., Torino, 1993
 Il manoscritto inesistente. "I Protocolli dei savi di Sion: un apocrifo del XX secolo",  ed., Venezia 1998 (2ª ed. 2004)
 trad.rus. «Protokoly sionskich mudrecov» nesušestvujuščij manuskript, ili podlog veka,Met-Kovčeg, Minsk-Moscow 2006
 La giudeofobia in Russia, Bollati Boringhieri ed., Torino 2001

See also
Hadassa Ben-Itto
Michael Hagemeister
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Velikoe v malom

References

External links

1944 births
Living people
Writers from Rome
Scholars of antisemitism
Italian male writers
Christian Peace Conference members
University of Rome Tor Vergata faculty

masks:
Cesare G
. De Michelis
de Michelis
Michelis
Michelis
Demcenko
Michelis
de Michelis
de Michelis
Michelis
Michelis
Carlo Ginzburg
Cesare
. De
Michelis
De Donato


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<mask> (born October 25, 1977) is an American lawyer and former political aide who served as White House Staff Secretary for President Donald Trump from January 20, 2017, until February 7, 2018. He was previously Chief of Staff for U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch of Utah. <mask> resigned his position as White House Staff Secretary after domestic abuse allegations from both of his former wives came to public attention. Early life
<mask> grew up in Belmont, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. He is the son of Roger B<mask>, a former aide to President George H. W. Bush and currently IBM Professor of Business and Government at Harvard University. <mask>'s mother <mask>, who died in May 2017, was Faculty Dean of Harvard's Dunster House dormitory.After graduating from high school, <mask> interned in the U.S. Senate. Education
He attended Harvard University, where he studied government and was president of the Harvard Republican Club. After his freshman year at Harvard, he began a two-year stint as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in London. During the summer of his junior year, <mask> completed an internship at the White House and worked for the Domestic Policy Council. He graduated in 2002. <mask> was a Rhodes Scholar, studying Political Theory at the University of Oxford, where his thesis research focused on C.S. Lewis prior to graduation in 2005.<mask> then attended Harvard Law School, graduating in 2008 with his Juris Doctor. Political career

<mask> has worked for Senators <mask> and Mike Lee. In March 2014, <mask> began working for Senator Orrin Hatch. <mask> was initially appointed Deputy Chief of Staff and was promoted to Chief of Staff in June of that year. <mask> left the role in January 2017, to become White House Staff Secretary for President Donald Trump. <mask> resigned from the position on February 7, 2018, following public allegations of spousal abuse from his two ex-wives. He was succeeded on an acting basis by Derek Lyons.<mask> and two other former Trump aides criticized Bob Woodward's book Fear: Trump in the White House in September 2018, with <mask> defending the president and saying the book was "selective and often misleading" in describing the administration. The Wall Street Journal published a pro-Trump opinion article by <mask> in March 2019, drawing criticism from his second ex-wife who said <mask> must address his personal conduct during marriage before returning to public life. The House Judiciary Committee subpoenaed <mask> in August 2019 to testify regarding Trump's actions in response to the Russia investigation,  and the White House directed <mask> not to testify in September 2019. Personal life
In 2003, <mask> married Colbie Holderness; they divorced in 2008 and she said he had physically abused her multiple times throughout their marriage. In 2009, he married Jennifer Willoughby. After repeated verbal abuse, she obtained a restraining order against him in 2010. They divorced in 2013.<mask> had been dating former White House Director of Communications Hope Hicks, though their relationship ended by December 2018. He is a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. He was raised a member of the church and served a full-time, 24-month mission. He became less active in his church around the time of his second divorce. Domestic abuse allegations
In late November 2017, a girlfriend of <mask>'s alerted her friend, White House Counsel Don McGahn, regarding <mask>'s "anger problems". <mask>'s ex-wife Willoughby had sought and received a three-day emergency protective order against him in June 2010. Photographs of Holderness with a black eye and her detailed accounts of <mask>'s alleged abuse were also made public.Despite their testimonies and evidence presented, <mask> denied his ex-wives' allegations and resigned from his staff secretary post after they became public. Willoughby stated "I don't want to be married to him. I would not recommend anyone to date him or marry him. But I definitely want him in the White House and the position he is in. I think his integrity and ability to do his job is impeccable." <mask> resigned from the position of White House Staff Secretary on February 7, 2018, following public allegations of spousal abuse from his two ex-wives. The allegations were supported by photographs of a black eye (which <mask> claimed he took) and a restraining order.<mask> has said the allegations are false and are part of a "coordinated smear campaign". The Washington Post reported that White House counsel Donald McGahn had known since January 2017 about the allegations <mask>'s ex-wives made to the FBI, and that Chief of Staff John F. Kelly had known about the allegations since October 2017, still promoting <mask> after. Post reporter Aaron Blake wrote that this development made the allegations a "full-blown scandal". Asked by reporters two days after <mask>'s resignation, President Donald Trump commented, "He said very strongly yesterday that he's innocent so you have to talk to him about that, but we absolutely wish him well, he did a very good job when he was at the White House." In mid-February 2018, it was reported that Senator Hatch had sent letters to <mask>'s former wives, apologizing for initially defending <mask> in response to their accusations against him. Kelly told reporters on March 2, 2018, that he sought <mask>'s resignation immediately after learning of the accusations on February 6 and regretted his handling of <mask>'s departure; he also said that contrary to earlier White House statements, <mask>'s background check had been completed by the FBI, as had been disputed publicly by bureau director, Christopher Wray. References

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Harvard University alumni
Living people
Trump administration personnel
Massachusetts Republicans
Latter Day Saints from Massachusetts
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Harvard Law School alumni
People from Belmont, Massachusetts
People from Washington, D.C.
People from Boston
American Rhodes Scholars
21st-century Mormon missionaries
American Mormon missionaries in England
White House Staff Secretaries
1977 births

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<mask> (; born July 28, 1941) is an American attorney and former federal judge who served as the 81st Attorney General of the United States from 2007 to 2009. Born in New York City in 1941, <mask> attended Ramaz School, graduated from Columbia College with a degree in history and received a Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School. He worked in private practice for two decades and spent four years as an Assistant United States Attorney in the office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York. In 1987, President Ronald Reagan nominated <mask> to serve as a District Judge on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. He took the bench in 1988, became the Chief Judge in 2000 and served until his retirement in 2006. <mask> was nominated to be Attorney General by President George W. Bush following the resignation of Alberto Gonzales. <mask> was the second Jewish U.S. Attorney General.<mask> left office after Bush's term as President ended. He is currently of counsel at the international law firm Debevoise & Plimpton. <mask>, pursuant to the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), is registered as working on behalf of the National Council of Resistance of Iran. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1941 in New York City. His father was born near Baranavichy in Belarus (then in the Russian Empire) and emigrated to the U.S. in 1921. <mask> graduated in 1959 from the Ramaz School, an independent (formerly boys' and now co-educational) Modern Orthodox Jewish prep school in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. His wife, Susan, was later a teacher and headmistress of the lower school at Ramaz, and both of their children (Marc and Jessica) attended the school.As an undergraduate student, <mask> was the editorials editor of the Columbia Daily Spectator at Columbia University, where he received his Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1963, majoring in history. He received his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1967. Early career
<mask> practiced law for 20 years in New York City, serving for four years as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York in which he worked with Rudolph Giuliani. From 1967 to 1972, he was an associate with the law firm of Webster Sheffield Fleischmann Hitchcock & Brookfield, later known as Webster & Sheffield. In 1976, he joined the New York law firm of Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler, to which he returned after retirement from the U.S. District Court. <mask> began teaching at Columbia Law School in the spring of 1993 and has taught there every spring semester since. <mask>'s son, Marc L<mask>, is a founding partner of Mukasey Frenchman LLP, a small law firm in New York City.The <mask>s have a professional relationship with Rudy Giuliani; <mask> and son were also justice advisers to Rudy Giuliani's presidential campaign. <mask> administered the oath of office to Mayor-elect Giuliani in 1994 and 1998. Judicial career
On July 27, 1987, <mask> was nominated to be a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in Manhattan by President Ronald Reagan, to a seat vacated by Abraham David Sofaer. <mask> was confirmed by the United States Senate on November 6, 1987, and received his commission on November 9, 1987; he took the bench in 1988. He served in that position for 18 years, including tenure as Chief Judge from March 2000 through July 2006. During his service on the bench, <mask> presided over the criminal prosecution of Omar Abdel Rahman and El Sayyid Nosair, whom he sentenced to life in prison for a plot to blow up the United Nations and other Manhattan landmarks uncovered during an investigation into the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. During that case, <mask> spoke out against leaks by law enforcement officials regarding the facts of the case allegedly aimed at prejudicing potential jurors against the defendants.During that case, <mask> also refused to recuse himself, warning that the demand for his recusal would "disqualify not only an obscure district judge such as the author of this opinion, but also Justices Brandeis and Frankfurter ... each having been both a Jew and a Zionist." <mask> also presided over the trial of Jose Padilla, ruling that the U.S. citizen and alleged terrorist could be held as an enemy combatant but was entitled to see his lawyers. <mask> also was the judge in the litigation between developer Larry Silverstein and several insurance companies arising from the destruction of the World Trade Center. In a 2003 suit, he issued a preliminary injunction preventing the Motion Picture Association of America from enforcing its ban against the distribution of screener copies of films during awards season, ruling that the ban was likely an unlawful restraint of trade unfair to independent filmmakers. In June 2003, Democratic New York Senator Charles Schumer submitted <mask>'s name, along with four other Republicans or Republican appointees, as a suggestion for Bush to consider for nomination to the Supreme Court. On October 14, 2004, citing U.S. Supreme Court precedent, <mask> reversed his September 2002 decision and dismissed a case in which plaintiffs in twenty consolidated actions sued the Italian insurance company Generali S.p.A. (Generali), seeking damages for nonpayment of insurance proceeds to beneficiaries of policies purchased by Holocaust victims before the end of World War II. In so ruling, <mask> gave deference to "a federal executive branch policy favoring voluntary resolution of Holocaust-era insurance claims."Retirement
Although Article III of the U.S. Constitution entitles district court judges to hold their judicial appointments for life, in June 2006 <mask> announced that he would retire as a judge and return to private practice at the end of the summer. On August 1, 2006, he was succeeded as Chief Judge of the Southern District by Judge Kimba Wood, entering senior status on the same day. <mask>'s retirement took effect on September 9, 2006. On September 12, 2006, Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler announced that <mask> had rejoined the firm as a partner. On the March 18, 2007, episode of Meet the Press, Sen. Schumer suggested <mask> as a potential Attorney General nominee who, "by [his] reputation and career, shows that [he] put rule of law first." After retiring from the bench, <mask> made campaign contributions to Giuliani for president and Joe Lieberman for Senate. <mask> was also listed on the Giuliani campaign's Justice Advisory Committee.He is the recipient of several awards, most notably the Learned Hand Medal of the Federal Bar Council. Extrajudicial opinions on law and terrorism
In May 2004, while still a member of the judiciary, Judge <mask> delivered a speech (which he converted into a The Wall Street Journal opinion piece) that defended the USA PATRIOT Act; the piece also expressed doubt that the FBI engaged in racial profiling of Arabs and criticized the American Library Association for condemning the Patriot Act but not taking a position on librarians imprisoned in Cuba. On August 22, 2007, The Wall Street Journal published another op-ed by <mask>, prompted by the resolution of the Padilla prosecution, in which he argued that "current institutions and statutes are not well suited to even the limited task of supplementing . . . a military effort to combat Islamic terrorism." <mask> instead advocated for Congress, which "has the constitutional authority to establish additional inferior courts," to "turn [its] considerable talents to deliberating how to fix a strained and mismatched legal system." U.S. Attorney General
On September 17, 2007, <mask> was nominated by President Bush to replace Alberto Gonzales as the Attorney General. At his nomination press conference with the President, <mask> stated, "The task of helping to protect our security, which the Justice Department shares with the rest of our government, is not the only task before us.The Justice Department must also protect the safety of our children, the commerce that assures our prosperity, and the rights and liberties that define us as a nation." Because <mask> would likely serve only until the end of President Bush's term of office in January 2009, the White House hoped <mask> would be confirmed by the Senate by October 8, 2007. At first, a quick confirmation seemed likely. Senator Patrick Leahy, the Democratic Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, was pleased that Mukasey was committed to a new administrative rule that would reduce the influence of the White House and other politicians on Justice Department investigations and personnel. This concession sought to avoid problems that arose during the controversy over the dismissal of U.S. Attorneys under the previous Attorney General's tenure. However, during confirmation hearings, controversy arose over <mask>'s responses to questions about torture.<mask> refused to state a clear legal position on the interrogation technique known as waterboarding (in which water is poured over a rag on the prisoner's face to simulate drowning). Leahy and the other nine Democratic committee members indicated to Mukasey, via letter, that they were "deeply troubled by your refusal to state unequivocally that waterboarding is illegal during your confirmation hearing..."

It appeared that <mask> may have been concerned about the potential pursuit of government employees or agents, and their authorizing superiors, in American or foreign courts under criminal charges, when responding to the Senate Judiciary committee questions. In describing the issue's challenges to the Bush administration, The New York Times quoted Scott L. Silliman, director of the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security at Duke University, as saying about such court cases, which could ultimately reach the president: "You would ask not just who carried it out, but who specifically approved it." However, Robert M. Chesney, of Wake Forest University School of Law, and other national security specialists have pointed out that prosecution within the United States would be impeded by laws adopted since 2005 which permit safe-harbor protections to interrogators for governmentally authorized actions. It was believed that secret Justice Department legal opinions approved waterboarding and other procedures officially called "harsh interrogation techniques". By November 1, 2007, five senators – Christopher Dodd of Connecticut, Joseph Biden of Delaware, John Kerry of Massachusetts, Edward Kennedy of Massachusetts and Bernie Sanders of Vermont – in addition to Leahy had announced their intention to vote against <mask>'s confirmation due to concerns about his stance on torture. Nevertheless, on November 6 the Senate Judiciary Committee endorsed the nomination of Mukasey, by an 11 to 8 vote, and sent his confirmation on to the full Senate.Two days later, the Senate confirmed <mask> by a 53–40 vote. The tight vote was the narrowest margin to confirm an attorney general in more than 50 years. <mask> was sworn in at a private ceremony on November 9, 2007. In 2009, legal ethics complaints were filed against <mask> and other Bush administration attorneys for their roles in advocating torture. Notable issues and comments

Relationship with Rudy Giuliani
<mask> and Giuliani have been friends since working at the same law firm in the early 1970s. <mask> pledged to recuse himself from cases involving Giuliani. Newspaper reports assumed that <mask> would further recuse himself from cases involving Bernard Kerik, a former New York City police commissioner under Giuliani, who was under federal investigation for bribery and other offenses.However, neither presidential spokespersons nor Mukasey returned reporters' inquiries into whether <mask> would recuse himself from the Kerik case. During Giuliani's 2008 presidential campaign, <mask>'s stepson, Marc, was assigned by Giuliani's campaign to block Kerik's legal defense team from interviewing witnesses that might assist his defense in an attempt to protect Giuliani from the Kerik case. During an Oval Office meeting with Rudy Giuliani in 2017, <mask> had pressed Secretary of State Rex Tillerson for the release of the indicted Turkish-Iranian gold trader, Reza Zarrab. Crack cocaine stance
In 2007 the United States Sentencing Commission amended the Federal Sentencing Guidelines to lessen the disparity between the penalties for the possession and trafficking of powder cocaine and crack cocaine, citing racial disparity and the unfairness of the 100-1 crack-powder penalty threshold ratio. The Commission instead implemented an 18-1 ratio. <mask>, in the Attorney General's capacity, vehemently opposed and testified against this change, warning that thousands of violent criminals may be released under the guidelines and endanger the community. <mask>'s move was criticized by advocates of elimination of crack-powder disparity.Remarks about 9/11 terrorist punishment
Speaking in London on March 14, 2008, <mask> said that he hopes the detainees currently charged with participating in the September 11 attacks are not executed if found guilty in order to avoid creating any martyrs. Speaking in New York on March 5, 2012, <mask> said his comments in 2008 were taken out of context. His "martyr" comment was a humorous reason offered as the only reason not to seek the death penalty. He then said if the detainees were found guilty, they should be executed in the due process of the law and not make an exception. Remarks about alleged pre-9/11 terrorist phone call
Speaking in San Francisco to the California Commonwealth Club of California on March 27, 2008, <mask> defended President Bush's program of wiretapping calls between Americans and suspected foreign terrorists without court authorization, and implied that the government might have been able to prevent the attacks of September 11, 2001, if it had been able to wiretap a specific call to the U.S. from Afghanistan. Before September 11, 2001, <mask> said, "We knew that there had been a call from someplace that was known to be a safe house in Afghanistan, and we knew that it came to the United States. We didn't know precisely where it went."He paused, seemed to stifle tears or at least suppress emotion, then continued, "You've got 3,000 people who went to work that day, and didn't come home, to show for that." <mask>'s comments were described by the Electronic Frontier Foundation as "a gross distortion of the facts and the law", as both Executive Order 12333 and the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act had offered a number of avenues for the United States government to intercept the phone call without a court order. Commentator Glenn Greenwald questioned <mask>'s honesty, as the alleged phone was unknown to the 9/11 Commission. In a subsequent letter to <mask>, House Judiciary Committee Chairman John Conyers questioned whether any such phone call had ever actually occurred and, if so, why the government hadn't been able to use its then-existing legal authority and technological capabilities to monitor it. Violations of the law are not always crimes
On August 12, 2008, <mask> told American Bar Association annual meeting delegates that "not every wrong, or even every violation of the law, is a crime," with "only violations of the civil service laws" being found among hiring practices during Gonzales' tenure as Attorney General. For example, a civil violation is not a crime. Defense of torture
On December 11, 2014, <mask> publicly stated on CNN that he believed waterboarding could not be called torture.In a 2008 hearing, he said waterboarding would feel like torture if he were subjected to it. Asked directly if <mask> was a liar because he claimed that enhanced interrogation produced useful intelligence, Sen. John McCain stated unequivocally,  "Yes, I know that he is. Even if we had gotten useful information, the propaganda and the image and the behavior of the greatest nation on earth from torturing people is not what we want and it helps the enemy." Defense of attorney-client privilege
On April 18, 2018, Mukasey published an op-ed piece in the Wall Street Journal entitled "Trump, Cohen and Attorney-Client Privilege" attacking the use of a search warrant by the federal government to search Mr. Cohen's legal records, and attacking the track records of former FBI Directors / assistant US Attorneys General Robert Mueller and James Comey. References

External links

 Questionnaire for <mask><mask>, Attorney General Nominee
 Balancing Democracy, Justice, and Security November 2009 speech at the American University of Paris (with video)

1941 births
Living people
American Orthodox Jews
American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent
Assistant United States Attorneys
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy
George W. Bush administration cabinet members
21st-century American politicians
Jewish American members of the Cabinet of the United States
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Lawyers from New York City
New York (state) Republicans
Politicians from the Bronx
Ramaz School alumni
United States Attorneys General
United States district court judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
20th-century American judges
Columbia University faculty
Yale Law School alumni
Patterson Belknap Webb & Tyler people
People associated with Debevoise & Plimpton

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<mask> (August 18, 1941 – 1971), known as The Kuybyshev Monster, was a Soviet serial killer and mass murderer who operated in Kuybyshev (present-day Samara). He killed 9 people with special cruelty, caused two people serious bodily injury, and more than a dozen victims received from mild to moderate psychological disorders. Biography
<mask> was born on August 18, 1941 in Malgobek, in the Chechen-Ingush ASSR. Since childhood he showed criminal tendencies—possessing violent character and a craving for alcohol, repeatedly getting into fights with strangers, his colleagues and relatives, for which he was repeatedly detained by law enforcement. He also fell into the field of view of the police for inflicting bodily harm, theft, arson and rape, but his guilt could not be proven. In January 1967, after being demobilized from the ranks of the Soviet Army, he moved to Kuybyshev to his sister. He began work at the Kuybyshev Cable Plant.On September 4, 1967, <mask> tried to rape Yekaterina Kharitonova, a dispatcher in one of the Kuybyshev tram depots. He rushed into the control room wearing only swimming trunks and with a knife in hand. The woman was stabbed in the neck and arm, but <mask>, frightened by her resistance, fled. The first killings Serebryakov committed on the night of April 27 to 28, 1969. He entered through a window into one of the living rooms of a 24-room one-story dormitory belonging to the Progress plant (now Litvinov) he killed Stepan Zorkin, his 5-year-old son Lyonya and his wife Maria by hitting them with a brick. After raping the dead woman, he stole 135 rubles and set fire to the deceased's clothes. Several rooms of the hostel were damaged from the fire, with suspicion falling on Maria's ex-husband.The next crime Serebryakov committed happened a year later. On the night of April 30, 1970, after entering an apartment on Aeroflot Street, he beat the landlady Ekaterina Kutsevalova and her daughter Olga with the bottom side of an axe he had taken with him. He began to rape the mother, thinking she was dead, but her daughter regained consciousness and started screaming, waking up the neighbors and frightening the attacker. Both of them survived. While searching for victims, Serebryakov traveled around the city on a bicycle "Ukraine". On the night of May 8 to 9, 1970, Serebryakov killed 70-year-old Praskovya Salova and 30-year-old Nina Vasilieva, with an axe. Soon a man named Timofeev came to the police, who claimed to have committed the murders, but verification proved that he was lying.After that, panic ensued in Kuybyshev. In 1970, the USSR was supposed to hold elections for the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Residents refused to let agitators into their apartments, even when accompanied by police officers, and directly stated: "Until the killer is caught, we will not vote." On the night of June 4 to 5, 1970, in a house on Podgornaya Street, in the Oktyabrsky District near the Country Park, <mask> hacked to death the Malomanov family - father, mother and two children - with an axe. After violating the woman's corpse, the killer set fire to the house and fled on his bicycle. Arrest
On May 22, 1970, an investigative brigade was created, headed by General Igor Karpets. Militia patrols on the streets were reinforced, and the number of volunteers increased.Near one of the crime scenes a key to <mask>'s bicycle with the brand of the Kharkov bicycle factory was found. After that, special attention was paid to cyclists. On June 8, 1970, <mask>, who was riding a bicycle on a side street near the Airport Highway, was noticed by the druzhinnik Zagfar Gayfullin. He initially did not cause any suspicion, but when a gust of wind opened his cloak, his axe was seen, after which a chase began. Serebryakov jumped into the courtyard of a private house and hid himself in a street toilet. The druzhinnki, along with the owner of the house who was awakened by them, began to search the yard. One of the men, Victor Kochanov, opened the toilet and got a blow to the face, then a brick to the head.<mask> ran to the railway station "Internatnaya", near which at that time there was a freight train consisting of tanks and fuel oil. He climbed on the ladder of one of the tanks and wanted to leave by train, but was seen by one of the machinist's assistants, forcing him to run to the other side of the railway to the asphalt plant. There he climbed a tree and jumped off at the territory of the Progress Rocket Space Center. The alarm went off, and soon <mask> was detained by security guards of the plant, and then taken to the police. The attackers arrest took place a week before the election. The policeman who arrested the attacker was promoted two ranks, from senior lieutenant to major. Serebryakov's fingerprints and blood type matched with the corresponding characteristics of the murderer, and in his room, stolen items from the victims were found.He soon confessed. The forensic psychiatric examination found that <mask> did not suffer from mental illness, and although he had obvious deviations in behavior, this did not become an obstacle to his criminal prosecution. During the court hearing, people who could not fit in the hall looked through the windows, everyone wanted to see the man who had been holding the whole city in fear for almost a year and a half. In the fall of 1970, the Kuybyshev Regional Court sentenced <mask> to death. When they announced the verdict, those present in the audience applauded, and <mask> himself said: "I'll be back." All petitions for a pardon were rejected. In early 1971, <mask> was executed in the Syzran Prison.For the detention of the particularly dangerous criminal, all of the militiamen were awarded a medal for "an excellent service for the protection of public order". See also
 List of Russian serial killers

References

People executed for murder
Soviet rapists
Necrophiles
Male serial killers
1941 births
Soviet serial killers
Murderers of children
1971 deaths
Executed Soviet serial killers
People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
Soviet mass murderers
Executed mass murderers

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Boris Efimovich Serebryakov
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