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 Police for having travelled from Reading with only a platform ticket. Andrews bailed his new player out of police custody and took him to Ninian Park to sign the contract. Despite the manner of Friday's arrival, and although he knew there "had to be something wrong with him", the Cardiff manager was still happy with his purchase, describing the £28,000 transfer as "an absolute steal".After a long night of drinking the night before his Cardiff debut, <mask> lined up against Fulham on 1 January 1977. The Fulham defence included former England captain Bobby Moore, but Friday marked his first match for the Welsh club with two goals; he also squeezed Moore's testicle during the game as Cardiff won 3–0. Andrews was so happy with Friday's performance that he phoned Hurley two days later, on Monday morning. "Oh, Charlie", Andrews gushed, "he was magnificent. He tore them inside out. ... Moore was chasing him all over the place". The Cardiff manager continued to heap praise on his new acquisition until Hurley finally stopped him."Jimmy, you've only had him four days", he warned, sombrely: "Give it a few months"...

Friday's form declined after his strong debut and his personal life remained troubled and chaotic, leading him to vanish regularly and miss Cardiff matches. He was supposed to be living in Bristol, but his manager would often find on visiting his house that he had been elsewhere for weeks. Leslie Hamilton, the Cardiff club doctor, later said that he had believed at the time that Andrews was being far too soft on Friday; indeed, according to teammate Paul Went, the forward would simply leave after each match and not be heard of until he returned for the next game. "He wouldn't even bother to have a shower", Went later said, in an interview. "He'd just get dressed, take his carrier-bag with his dry martini and he'd go—no explanation". While Hurley had been able to command Friday's respect, it soon became clear that Andrews was unable to control him and that the Londoner disliked his new manager. Indeed, soon after moving to Cardiff, Friday appeared one day in Hurley's office at Elm Park asking to come back to Reading."He still called me boss", Hurley recalled. "I can't play for that little bastard", Friday told Hurley, referring to Andrews. "You're the one who seems to be able to get me right. Can I come back to you?" Hurley replied that although he would be happy to have Friday back on the team, the club could not afford to repay the £28,000 transfer fee to Cardiff, so he would have to go back and continue playing there. Unhappy living so far from home, Friday began to travel back to London at weekends; he avoided paying rail fares by knocking on locked toilet doors and shouting, "Tickets, please! ", pretending to be the ticket inspector.When the occupant passed his ticket under the door to be checked, Friday would pick it up, walk off and use it for himself. Paul Went also recalled an incident during training when he had thrown a ball out from goal and accidentally hit Friday on the back of the head. Steve Grapes, who was standing near the forward, started laughing, leading Friday to conclude that he had thrown the ball. Friday viciously punched Grapes in the jaw, striking him with such force that he wore a neck brace for two weeks afterwards. Late in Friday's first season in Wales, Cardiff took on Luton Town on 16 April 1977. Cardiff were in the relegation zone and had not won in seven games, while Luton were fifth in the table and challenging for promotion. After clashing repeatedly early in the match with Luton goalkeeper Milija Aleksic, Friday was lectured by the referee for a high tackle on the goalkeeper in the 36th minute.<mask> held out a hand to apologise, but Aleksic reacted angrily. When the free kick was taken, Friday ran back, stole the ball from Luton defender John Faulkner, broke away, rounded Aleksic and slotted the ball past him into the net. In celebration, Friday jogged back past the goalkeeper while giving him the V-sign. Cardiff won the match 4–2 and at the end of the season avoided relegation to the third tier only on goal difference. Meanwhile, without Friday, Reading were relegated back to the Fourth Division by one point. Friday's actions became even stranger during his time at Cardiff; after they lost the second leg of the Welsh Cup final 3–0 to Shrewsbury Town on 18 May 1977, the players and staff were awoken in the middle of the night by loud bangs coming from below their rooms. The cause was found to be Friday, standing on the hotel's snooker table in his underpants and throwing the balls around the room in fury.1977–78

After failing to turn up for pre-season training with Cardiff before the 1977–78 season, Friday was reported to be in a London hospital suffering from an unknown virus which had caused him to lose  in weight. When he suddenly appeared in Cardiff for training in October, two months into the season, he claimed to have been suffering from hepatitis, but medical tests disproved this. However, it has since been discovered by Stuart Kane, author, that Friday had actually been arrested for impersonating a police officer and had been convicted at Bow Street Magistrates' Court  on the 22 September 1977 where he was sent to HM Prison Pentonville but was bailed out shortly after before returning to Cardiff Andrews told the local press that on arrival Friday had looked "like the fittest player in the world", and hoping to avoid further disappearances persuaded a reluctant Friday to move from Bristol to Cardiff. The Londoner returned to the team for the away match at Brighton & Hove Albion on 29 October 1977, with Cardiff once again in the relegation zone, in 20th place on goal difference. Friday was marked during the game by Mark Lawrenson, who so frustrated the Cardiff forward with his close attention that Friday waited for Lawrenson to attempt a slide tackle and then kicked him in the face. After receiving a red card, Friday left the ground with the game still going on; according to legend, before leaving he broke into the Brighton dressing room and defecated in Lawrenson's kit bag. Cardiff eventually lost 4–0."I am sick and tired of it", Andrews told the South Wales Echo on 1 November. "To be sent off in his first game back is as much as a man can stand". <mask> was transfer-listed and served a three-match suspension before making his final appearance on 10 December in Cardiff's 6–3 away defeat against Bolton. Liza was by now the mother of <mask>'s second daughter, Arabella, but around this time began divorce proceedings. <mask> claimed that he had had enough of people telling him what to do, and walked into Andrews's office on 20 December 1977 to announce that he was retiring from professional football. The club promptly released him and cancelled his contract. Post-retirement

After retiring, <mask> moved back to London and returned to work as an asphalter and decorator.Soon after <mask> left Cardiff, Reading manager Maurice Evans was presented with a petition, signed by 3,000 supporters, requesting that he attempt to re-sign Friday. Evans contacted Friday and told him: "If you would just settle down for three or four years, you could play for England". <mask> replied with the question "How old are you? ", and after Evans answered, continued: "I'm half your age and I've lived twice your life". Evans reflected, "You may well be right". <mask> trained with Brentford during the 1978–79 pre-season, but after regaining his fitness suddenly changed his mind and stopped coming to training. He married for a third time in 1980, but was divorced again within three years.After a short time living back with his parents in Acton, Friday's family secured him a housing association flat in the area. He served a prison sentence during the 1980s for impersonating a police officer and confiscating people's drugs, and was found dead in his Acton flat on 22 December 1990 at the age of 38, having suffered a fatal heart attack. Biographer Paolo Hewitt claimed the incident to be the result of "a suspected heroin overdose". Style of play and legacy

Friday is often cited as an unsung talent. His nickname while a player was “Man Friday” which was used as the title of two-fact based novels about him of the same name by author, Stuart Kane. A latterly applied nickname, "the greatest footballer you never saw", was used as the title of his 1997 biography, co-written by Oasis bass player Paul McGuigan and Hewitt. Both as a player and a personality, Friday remains a major figure for both of his professional clubs.BBC Radio Berkshire Sports Editor Tim Dellor, speaking in 2010, emphasised the importance of Friday's charisma to his contemporary and retrospective appeal, a point which was also highlighted by his second wife, Liza, who likened his personal charm to that of "a pied piper". In terms of significance to Reading F.C., Dellor stated that Friday was the team's "very own George Best". Cardiff-based band Super Furry Animals used a photograph of him giving the V-sign to Aleksic in 1977 for the artwork of their 1996 single "The Man Don't Give a Fuck", which was dedicated to his memory "and his stand against 'the Man'. After winning the title of "Player of the Millennium" from Reading in 1999, he was voted the top "all-time cult hero" for both Reading and Cardiff in a 2004 BBC poll; with similar polls taking place at each Premier League and Football League club, he was the only player to appear in the top three for two different sides. In 2007, a poll of fans run by Reading resulted in his once more being named the club's best ever. Later that year, when the Professional Footballers' Association (PFA) canvassed Reading supporters for their all-time favourite, Friday won again. In a parallel PFA survey, Cardiff fans chose one of Friday's former teammates, Wales international defender Phil Dwyer.<mask> was ranked first in Channel 4's list of football "bad boys" in August 2007, while Football365 placed him at eighth place in a 2010 list of "wasted talents". Friday's style of play was based around his exceptional ball skills, described by Cardiff doctor Leslie Hamilton as "absolutely fabulous", and his instinctive footballing vision, which enabled him both to execute flamboyant individual moves and to create attacks for his teammates. Jimmy Andrews, his manager at Cardiff, later called Friday "the complete centre-forward" and placed him on a par with Alan Shearer, while Maurice Evans claimed that he could have played for England, and was at least on a level with international strikers he had worked with such as John Aldridge and Dean Saunders. This opinion was shared by Hamilton and Friday's Reading teammate John Murray, both of whom firmly declared in separate interviews that Friday would have been good enough for the England team had he "sorted his head out", in Hamilton's words. Friday was unselfish and would take just as much pleasure out of setting up a goal scored by a teammate as netting one himself. He possessed fine ball control and dribbling skills, and could also shoot with both great power and sharp accuracy. The strong physical aspect of his game and exceptionally competitive, combative spirit combined with all of this to create a formidable forward player: such was his ability that his arrival transformed Reading into one of the division's best sides in a matter of weeks.Writing in 2010, Roger Titford stressed Friday's immediate and profound impact on the Reading team as a key factor in his lasting popularity: "It was like the comic-book stories that kids from <mask>'s era would have read", he wrote. "He was a ready-made star". On top of his technical talent, Friday was physically very strong and able to withstand sustained blows or injuries. According to Hamilton, he was also uncommonly fit despite his lifestyle. He boasted an exceptional work-rate, which Dwyer recalled gave any side including him a strong boost: "When he was in the line-up you'd have a centre-forward and a centre-half; not only would he be up there running them ragged, but when it broke down he'd be the first person to start tackling back". He was assisted in this by a smooth and effective sliding tackle which despite all of Friday's attacking skills Hurley considered one of the strongest parts of his game. Reading F.C.historian David Downs described Friday's style of play as "really quite bizarre. It was more or less <mask> standing in the middle and saying 'Give me the ball and I'll see what I can do with it'". On receiving the ball, he would then turn and either take on the opposing defence single-handed or run with it to the wing to cross for a teammate. "We didn't need anyone else up front", Hurley later said. "They couldn't get the ball off him. He was one of those guys who could beat five players easily". Andrews agreed: "once he'd got the ball it was almost impossible to get it off him".Friday was known for giving his all in any game in which he played, no matter the circumstances. Hurley later said that Friday would often become furious at his teammates for not trying their best, even in training. This strong drive to always win even extended to the use of physical intimidation to unsettle opposing players, leading contemporary critics to label him a "villain". Friday also employed the use of psychological tactics; aiming to spook opposing players, Friday would kiss them or fondle their testicles. Cardiff teammate Paul Went recalled that these tricks would "completely throw" defenders and affect their concentration. Although he was often criticised for the number of bookings and sendings-off he received, Friday believed he was justified to chase victory by any means, explaining his attitude in a 1977 interview: "On the pitch I hate all opponents. I don't give a damn about anyone.People think I'm mad, a lunatic. I am a winner". Career statistics

Detailed season-by-season statistics for non-League teams are not available for this period. Honours
Reading
 Football League Fourth Division: 3rd place, 1975–76; promotion to Football League Third Division

Cardiff City
 Welsh Cup: runner-up, 1976–77

Individual
 Reading F.C. player of the season: 1974–75, 1975–76
 Reading F.C. top goalscorer: 1974–75, 1975–76

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links
 The Daily Mirror archives: include numerous photographs of Friday, ranging from 1972 to 1977

1952 births
1990 deaths
People from Ealing
Association football forwards
English people convicted of drug offences
British people convicted of theft
English footballers
English Football League players
Isthmian League players
Cardiff City F.C. players
Enfield F.C.players
Hayes F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Walthamstow Avenue F.C.

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<mask>un-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean mountaineer. She was the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits. On April 27, 2010, she reached the summit of Annapurna; upon doing so, she claimed to have climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat. However, her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts. <mask> later admitted that she had stopped a few hundred meters before the summit of Kangchenjunga, and so the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that she had not summited. The mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered Edurne Pasaban as the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks. Early life
<mask> was born in Namwon, Jeollabuk-do.Before taking up climbing, she studied engineering at the University of Suwon in Gyeonggi Province. After completing the 14 eight-thousanders, she said she would take a break from climbing for three to four years. "The last few years have been too tiring, now I am going to rest," she said. She plans to attend graduate school and do charity work during her break. Race to complete all 14 eight-thousanders
On July 17, 1997, <mask> summitted Gasherbrum II without supplementary oxygen, completing her first climb to a summit of over 8,000 meters. Over the next several years, she attempted several eight-thousanders without success. In 2004, she climbed Mount Everest with the aid of supplementary oxygen.In 2006, she added scaling Shishapangma to her list of accomplishments. At the time, two women, Edurne Pasabán and Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner, had completed nine different eight-thousanders to <mask>'s three. In 2007, she conquered Cho Oyu and K2, bringing her total 8000ers to five. Two other women achieved their 10th such climb that year. In 2008, <mask> added four more 8000+ meter climbs, while the leaders in the chase for all 14 added only one each. On May 6, 2009, <mask> claimed to have summited Kangchenjunga, the world's third-highest mountain (see below). In so doing, she became just the third woman to conquer the mountain and first from Korea.The accomplishment also made her the first woman to scale the world's five highest peaks. It was her 10th different 8000er. On August 3, 2009, <mask> reached the summit of Gasherbrum I after a twelve-hour climb from Camp 3. In April 2010, <mask> made her second attempt at climbing Annapurna, the last of the eight-thousanders. A previous attempt in October 2009 came up 500 meters short when a blizzard made further ascent impossible. As she approached the top, strong winds and snow delayed further ascent. On April 23, <mask> reached camp C3, located at 6,400 m, but was forced to retreat the next day due to wind.She announced that she would delay her summit attempt. On April 26, <mask> took 11 hours to climb from C2 (5,600m) to C4. On April 27, 2010, <mask> left camp C4 located at 7,200 meters on Annapurna. Thirteen hours later, she reached the summit at 3:15pm local time, completing her quest. Upon reaching the peak, she planted a South Korean flag, waved to the camera which was broadcasting the climb live, and thanked her fellow Koreans for being with her throughout the whole expedition. She was accompanied by five other climbers. Congratulating <mask> on her accomplishment, South Korean president Lee Myung-bak said, "She showed us what challenge means".<mask>na on May 3. Accomplishment disputed
<mask>'s 2009 summit of Kangchenjunga has been questioned, throwing her accomplishment into doubt. The dispute stems from a photograph said to have been taken by <mask> at the summit which is too blurry to confirm exactly where she stood when she took it. The photo is the only visible evidence she has of her ascent. After doubts were first raised in Korea, <mask> held a press conference in which she tearfully remarked that the blurriness "was unavoidable due to fog and a violent snowstorm." One of the Sherpas who accompanied her on the climb assured the media that he knew the layout of the mountain well from previous climbs and that <mask> had indeed made the summit. In April 2010, <mask>'s main rival, Edurne Pasaban from Spain, who was also aiming to become the first woman to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders, weighed in on the controversy.Pasabán spoke with <mask> and her team while descending Annapurna, Pasabán's thirteenth eight-thousander. After Pasabán spoke with Elizabeth Hawley upon descending, Hawley agreed to mark <mask>'s summit of Kangchenjunga as "disputed" in her Himalayan Database. On April 24, Hawley explained her decision, "The only picture that anyone has seen shows <mask> standing on bare rock. But Miss Pasabán (who was on the mountain at the same time) showed me a picture of her team on the summit, and they are standing on snow." She added that "of the three Sherpas that climbed with Miss <mask>, two have said she did not reach the summit." The latter comment apparently stems from conversations Pasabán had with said Sherpas while on Annapurna. Although her data is unofficial, Hawley is considered the final arbiter on such disputes.At the time of Hawley's death in 2018, she counted the record as valid, but had planned to do further research. Ferran Latorre, a Spanish climber, claimed that the green rope affixed to the mountain by <mask>'s team (visible in the picture) stopped 200 meters short of the summit. Eberhard Jurgalski of 8000ers.com, a website devoted to keeping mountaineering records, said, "It's all mixed up, you cannot say what is true and what's invented." On April 27, 2010, Nepal Mountaineering Association president Ang Tshering said, "We recognize [<mask>'s] achievement as the first woman climber to scale all the highest mountains in the world." 8000ers.com also credits <mask> with having completed all fourteen eight-thousanders. The Nepalese government also stated that it believes <mask> climbed Kangchenjunga. ExplorersWeb looked into the disputed summit in detail in 2009, before it made headlines, and concluded that the dispute was based largely on third parties confusing Go Mi-young's team, who was climbing at the same time, with <mask>'s, and a misunderstanding about the starting point of <mask>'s final push.The organization concluded that "doubts about Miss <mask>'s Kanchen summit were not backed by enough fact", but said it would be happy to review any new evidence the involved parties had to offer. Reinhold Messner, the first person to climb all fourteen eight-thousanders, also acknowledged <mask>'s achievement after meeting with her. Response
On April 26, <mask>'s sponsor responded on her behalf while she was climbing Annapurna. According to a press release by Black Yak, there were several teams on the mountain at the time and none of them doubted <mask>'s summit then. At the time, Pasabán herself wrote "Korean <mask>un Sun just reached the top in spite of the wind." The release goes on to say the Kangchenjunga summit is not visible by telescope even during good weather, so it was not surprising no one can visually verify <mask>'s summit. It states that <mask> was last seen at 8,400 m 3 hours and 40 minutes before the claimed summit time.Veteran climbers have said that that is a realistic time frame. Finally, according to the release, the final 200 meters of the mountain are "comparatively gentle, so fixed rope is not a necessary option". Others, including Pasabán, have scaled that portion of the mountain without the use of fixed rope. For her part, Pasabán remarked, "I am confused. Had I known this so-called race was going to be such a mess, I would have thought twice before getting involved." After descending from Annapurna, <mask> addressed the allegations on May 3. "I am really sad that it has come to this," she said.<mask> claimed that Korea's KBS Television had video and picture evidence of her summit that had not yet been made public. Rejecting Pasabán's claims, <mask> added, "I believe that according to Pasabán, some Sherpas told her that I hadn't climbed Kangchenjunga. But no names of the Sherpas have been mentioned. Why?" On May 4, Pasabán specified the names of seven Sherpas involved. She declined to give these names earlier as some of these Sherpas were still working for <mask>. <mask> has no plans to re-climb Kangchenjunga.Acknowledgement by Hawley
On May 3, 2009, <mask> had an hour-long discussion with Elizabeth Hawley in Kathmandu, in which she asked <mask> about the details of her Kangchenjunga climb. At the conclusion of the interview, Hawley asked <mask> if she had really conquered all 14 eight-thousanders, to which <mask> replied. "Yes, I did." Hawley reportedly replied "Congratulations", indicating the feat would continue to be acknowledged. "<mask> will be credited for her climb to Kangchenjunga," she later told the press. "Her account was completely different from Pasabán's so I really don't know who is right," she added. Hawley's database will continue to list the climb as disputed unless Pasabán withdraws her complaint.Pasabán had previously said she would respect Hawley's decision either way. On May 23 Pasabán conceded that she was the second woman to climb world's 14 highest peaks, but still questioned whether <mask> actually held the record. Hawley stated "I think it's likely that Miss <mask>'s climb is going to be disputed for the rest of her life" and that evidence was "piling up" against her. Korean Alpine Federation statement
On August 26, 2010 the Korean Alpine Federation (KAF) judged that <mask> "probably failed" to reach the top of Kangchenjunga. The KAF secretary general, Lee Eui-jae, said participants in the meeting all shared the view that <mask>'s photographs on Kangchenjunga did not "seem to match the actual landscape" and that "<mask>'s previous explanations on the process of her ascent to Kangchenjunga are unreliable". <mask> responded to the verdict by describing it as "a unilateral opinion" and adding that all participants in the meeting - seven Korean climbers who had scaled Kangchenjunga previously - "were climbers who had doubts about my achievement from the beginning, so their conclusion must have been already set". Hawley declared, "it would seem her only choice now is to go back and climb it again with lots of clear photos".Next team to reach the peak

BBC News also reported on 27 August 2010 that "A member of the next team to reach the peak of Kangchenjunga, in May 2009, the Norwegian climber Jon Gangdal, says he found Ms <mask>'s Korean flag weighed down by stones, some 50m or 60m below the summit." Climbing strategy and inspiration
<mask> has used helicopters to travel between base camps, and employed teams to prepare for her ascents in advance. She is under the sponsorship of Black Yak, a South Korean outdoor product maker. She has been nicknamed "Iron Woman" and "Squirrel" for her climbing accomplishments. <mask> was criticized for failing to come to the aid of ailing Spanish climber Tolo Calafat, who died on Annapurna while waiting for help. <mask> responded that she was unaware that Calafat was sick until after she had descended and was no longer able to help. "We reached the summit around 3 p.m. and the Spanish climber got there an hour later.By the time we got back down to Camp 4 we were all exhausted," <mask> said, adding that she "really wanted" to help but was "not in a state to climb [the seven hours back] up the slopes and rescue him." <mask> lists former rival Go Mi-young, who plummeted to her death in 2009 after completing 11 eight-thousanders, as a source of inspiration. She has described mountain climbing as a sort of "addiction, which is much stronger than any drug." Mountaineering accomplishments

References

External links
 "Bravo! Oh Eun-sun" - Korea Times editorial on <mask>'s accomplishment, casting a personal light on the story
 Associated Press footage of <mask>'s summit of Annapurna
 ExWeb special report, part 1: <mask>un-Sun loses summit status at AdventureStats on Explorersweb. ExWeb Oh Eun-Sun special report, part 2: the Scoop on Explorersweb. 1966 births
Living people
South Korean mountain climbers
People from Namwon
Summiters of the Seven Summits
South Korean summiters of Mount Everest
South Korean sportswomen
University of Suwon alumni
South Korean Buddhists

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<mask>.  (August 31, 1871 – September 21, 1944), known as <mask>, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, forced to resign and barred from holding further Texas office. Unable to run under his own name, <mask> ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A<mask>, known as "Ma" <mask>, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935." In 1925, Miriam became the first female governor of Texas after campaigning as a stand-in for her husband,
and technically <mask><mask> became the first gentleman of Texas for her two terms. Early life
<mask> was born to the Reverend <mask><mask>, Sr., and <mask> near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. At age 12 he entered Salado College (a preparatory school) but was eventually expelled for disobedience. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch.After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. On December 31, 1899, he married Miriam A. Wallace at her family home. In 1903, <mask> was elected as city attorney in Belton, Texas. In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. In 1906, he sold Farmers bank and established Temple State Bank. He also became active in the Democratic Party and managed several local political campaigns. He believed that "a Negro has no business whatever taking a part in the political affairs of the Democratic party, the white man's party."A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. First term as governor
In 1914, <mask> was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. When the Democratic Party dominated the Texas political landscape, winning the Democratic primary often sealed the election results. <mask> was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. Prior to his inauguration, <mask> conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. According to historian Dan Utley, <mask> planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. He tapped Reverend Allan <mask> to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field.The incumbent State Librarian was <mask>, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. The chair of the State Library and Historical Commission, <mask>. Barker, heard talk about these plans and intervened in support of Winkler. He convened the commission, and the body approved that Barker write a letter to the Governor-elect. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. Other high-profile librarians voiced their support of Winkler, as did the son of an ex-governor, and a chapter of the Daughters of the Republic of Texas. Second term as governor
After being re-elected in 1916, <mask> vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas.The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom <mask> found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. He had been an opponent of <mask> for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914. The accusations against Mayes were that he used his ownership of newspapers, including the Brownwood Bulletin, to spread negative information about <mask>. Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian <mask>. Barker. <mask>'s attack against Mayes resulted in a drive by the legislature to impeach <mask>. The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. <mask> was indicted on nine charges in July 1917.The Texas House of Representatives prepared 21 charges against <mask>, and the Senate convicted him on 10 of those charges, including misapplication of public funds and receiving $156,000 from an unnamed source. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships, removed <mask> as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. But <mask> ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. He was defeated in the Democratic primary by his successor and incumbent, William P. Hobby of Houston, previously the lieutenant governor. Presidential candidate
<mask> also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. <mask> was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding.Democratic nominee <mask>. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. <mask> was also surpassed by three other unsuccessful candidates:
 <mask> Debs of the Socialist Party of America. Parley Parker Christensen of the United States Farmer-Labor Party. Aaron Sherman Watkins of the United States Prohibition Party. Senate bid and First Gentleman of Texas

<mask> failed at his bid for the United States Senate in 1922, having lost in the Democratic runoff election to <mask> Mayfield. In 1924, <mask> entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. She won that and the general election, saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice.In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. <mask>, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. The <mask>s beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. She served two nonconsecutive two-year terms as governor: January 20, 1925 – January 17, 1927. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 – January 15, 1935. "Ma" <mask> became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier.Nellie Tayloe Ross was  sworn in on January 5, 1925; <mask> followed on January 20. In 1935, the <mask>s lost their ranch in Bell County because of financial troubles during the Great Depression. Nine years later, <mask> died of a stroke. He is interred next to his wife at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin. Notes

References

Further reading

1871 births
1944 deaths
People from Salado, Texas
Texas Democrats
Governors of Texas
Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election
20th-century American politicians
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Texas
American bankers
Burials at Texas State Cemetery
Impeached United States officials removed from office
Democratic Party state governors of the United States

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<mask> (born February 8, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He is credited as one of the greatest shooters in NBA history. A three-time NBA champion with the Warriors, he is a five-time NBA All-Star and a two-time All-NBA Third Team honoree. He has also been named to the NBA All-Defensive Second Team. <mask> is the son of former NBA player <mask>. He played college basketball for three seasons with the Washington State Cougars, where he was a two-time first-team all-conference selection in the Pac-10 (now Pac-12). He was selected in the first round of the 2011 NBA draft by Golden State with the 11th overall pick.In 2014, <mask> and teammate Stephen Curry set a then-NBA record with 484 combined three-pointers in a season, earning the pair the nickname of "the Splash Brothers." In 2015, <mask> helped lead the Warriors to their first NBA Championship since 1975, and was a key contributor in the Warriors' 2017 and 2018 titles. He sustained an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in Game 6 of the 2019 NBA Finals and missed the entirety of the 2019–20 season. <mask> then suffered a torn achilles tendon while recovering from his knee injury and missed the entire 2020–21 season as well. <mask> returned to play in January 2022, after missing nearly 31 months. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles to Julie and Mychal <mask>. His mother was a volleyball player in college for the University of Portland and University of San Francisco, while his father was the first overall pick of the 1978 NBA draft.When <mask> was two, he and his family moved to Lake Oswego, Oregon, where he was childhood friends and Little League teammates with fellow future NBA star Kevin Love. He and his brothers were raised there as Catholics. At age 14, the <mask>s moved to Ladera Ranch, California, where <mask> graduated from Santa Margarita Catholic High School in Rancho Santa Margarita in 2008. In his junior season he was named to the All-Area second team and to the Orange County third team. As a senior <mask> averaged 21 points per game and led SMCHS to a 30–5 record and a Division III State Championship appearance. During the state championship, <mask> set a state finals record with seven 3-pointers in a game. He was named Division III State player of the year, League MVP, first-team Best in the West, and an EA Sports Second Team All American.College career

Freshman season
<mask> started all 33 games as a freshman for Tony Bennett at Washington State University, leading his team in 3-point field goal percentage and free throw percentage, and averaging 12.5 points per game. He was named to the Pac-10 All-Freshman Team and Collegehoops.net All-Freshman Honorable Mention Team. Sophomore season
<mask> began his sophomore season by leading the Cougars to the Great Alaska Shootout Championship, being named its Most Outstanding Player after scoring a tournament single game record of 43 points in its championship. This was also the third highest single game point total in WSU history. After becoming the third fastest Cougar to reach 1,000 points, <mask> was named to the All-Pac-10 First Team. He earned Pac-10 Player of the Week honors twice during the season and was chosen as a midseason candidate for the John R. Wooden Award. <mask> finished the season averaging 19.6 points, good for second in the conference.Junior season

<mask> led the Pac-10 in scoring as a junior, again earning All-Pac-10 first team honors. He became just the third Cougar to win first-team all-district honors from the National Association of Basketball Coaches twice in his career. In addition, he became the first Cougar to be named Pac-10 Player of the Week three times when he won the award for the week of Nov. 22–28, extending the record to four after the week of December 6–12. Soon after, <mask> was named one of the 30 midseason candidates for the John R. Wooden Award. In the 2011 Pac-10 tournament, he set tournament records with 43 points and 8 three-pointers. <mask> finished the season by setting WSU's single season scoring record with 733 points. He is WSU's 3rd all-time leading scorer.On January 18, 2020, Washington State retired the No. 1 that <mask> wore in college. He became the second WSU men's basketball player to receive this honor, joining Steve Puidokas, and the seventh WSU athlete in any sport whose number has been retired. Professional career

Golden State Warriors (2011–present)

Early years (2011–2014)
<mask> declared for the 2011 NBA draft after his junior season, being selected 11th overall by the Golden State Warriors. This pick of a guard prompted speculation that the Warriors would trade starter Monta Ellis, but that did not occur until March 2012. Warriors general manager Larry Riley praised <mask> for his shooting ability and expressed confidence that <mask> would improve his defensive skills with new coach Mark Jackson. The NBA did not select <mask> for the 2012 NBA All-Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge.However, in the four games after that decision, <mask> improved in all areas of basketball over his then-current season averages: points per game (12.5 over 7.6), shooting percentage (54.3% overall including 55.6% for three-pointers, up from 46.7 and 48.1), rebounds (2.8 from 1.6), assists (1.5 from 1.3), steals, and turnovers. The Warriors traded Ellis to the Milwaukee Bucks on March 13, 2012. The following game, <mask> scored a season-high 26 points in a loss to the Boston Celtics. A week later, he exceeded his previous high with 27 points in a win over the New Orleans Hornets. As of mid-February 2012, <mask> played around 17 minutes per game, but he played an average 30 minutes per game during the next month. At the end of the season, <mask> was voted to the NBA NBA All-Rookie First Team. On January 29, 2013, <mask> scored a season-high 32 points against the Cleveland Cavaliers.Warriors coach Mark Jackson said that <mask> and Stephen Curry formed the best shooting duo in NBA history. That season, the two combined made 483 three-pointers, the most ever by an NBA duo at the time. The Warriors defeated the Denver Nuggets in the first round of the playoffs and would be matched up against the San Antonio Spurs. On May 8, 2013, <mask> recorded a playoff career-high 34 points against San Antonio, hitting 8 out of 9 three-point attempts, along with a career-high 14 rebounds. <mask> and the Warriors would go on to lose to the Spurs in six games. In the opening game for the Warriors, <mask> scored a season-high 38 points, including 5-of-7 three-pointers. He and Curry set an NBA record for 484 combined threes on the season, besting by one the record they set the previous year.<mask> averaged 18.4 points, 3.1 rebounds and 2.2 assists on the year. <mask> and the Warriors entered the 2014 NBA playoffs as the sixth seed in the Western Conference and were matched up with the Los Angeles Clippers in the first round; they lost the series in seven games. First All-Star selection and NBA championship (2014–2015)

On October 31, 2014, <mask> signed a four-year contract extension with the Warriors. The next day, he scored a then career-high 41 points in the Warriors' 127-104 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. On January 23, 2015, <mask> scored a career-high 52 points, with 11 three-pointers, in a 126–101 win over the Sacramento Kings. In the third quarter of that game, he scored an NBA-record 37 points for a single quarter, going 13-for-13 from the field, including nine three-pointers (also a league record for a single quarter). The 13 field goals tied <mask>'s (no relation) record for a quarter.On January 29, 2015, <mask> was named a reserve for the 2015 Western Conference All-Star team for the first time in his career. On March 8, 2015, <mask> hit 3 three-pointers against the Los Angeles Clippers to pass head coach Steve Kerr (726) on the NBA's all-time list. On March 17, he was ruled out for 7–10 days with a sprained ankle. That season, Curry broke his own record for three-pointers (286), and <mask> again finished second in the league (239) as the two combined to make 525 threes, surpassing their previous record by 41. On June 7, in Game 2 of the NBA Finals, <mask> scored a playoff career-high 34 points in a losing effort to the Cleveland Cavaliers. The Warriors went on to defeat the Cavaliers in six games to win the NBA championship and end the franchise's 40-year championship drought. Finals upset (2015–2016)

<mask> opened the first seven games of the 2015–16 season shooting only 13-of-36 from 3-point range (36 percent).In the last 11 games of November, <mask> then shot a combined 32-of-73 from beyond the arc (43.8 percent). The Warriors' NBA-record start ended at 24 wins when they lost to the Milwaukee Bucks on December 12. In the Warriors' next game, on December 16, <mask> scored 27 of his then season-high 43 points in the third quarter of their 128–103 win over the Phoenix Suns. On January 8, he recorded his third consecutive game with 30 or more points, finishing with 36 points in a 128–108 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. On January 27, he scored a season-high 45 points on 14-of-20 shooting in a 127–107 win over the Dallas Mavericks. The following night, he was named a Western Conference All-Star reserve for the 2016 NBA All-Star Game, earning his second straight All-Star nod. On February 13, he competed in the All-Star Weekend's Three-Point Contest and won the event after defeating Curry and Devin Booker in the final round.On March 25, he scored 40 points against the Dallas Mavericks. Two days later, he had another 40-point game against the Philadelphia 76ers, scoring 40 points in consecutive games for the first time in his career. On April 7, <mask> scored 14 points against the San Antonio Spurs, helping the Warriors become the second team in NBA history to win 70 games in a season. As the No. 1 seed in the Western Conference, the Warriors faced the eighth-seeded Houston Rockets in the first round of the playoffs. In Game 5 of the series, <mask> became the first player in NBA history to make at least seven three-pointers in consecutive playoff games, as he helped the Warriors advance through to the second round with a 4–1 victory, stepping up with Curry out injured. The Warriors went on to defeat the Portland Trail Blazers 4–1 in the second round, moving on to the Western Conference Finals where they faced the Oklahoma City Thunder.After going down 3 games to 1 following a Game 4 loss, <mask> helped the Warriors rally in Games 5 and 6 to even the series at 3–3. In Game 6, <mask> made 11 three-pointers and scored 41 points, as the Warriors forced a Game 7 with a 108–101 victory. With a Game 7 victory, the Warriors became the 10th team to rally from a 3–1 deficit and win a postseason series. The Warriors went on to lose to the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2016 NBA Finals in seven games, despite being up 3–1 in the series. Second NBA championship (2016–2017)
<mask> opened the first six games of the 2016–17 season shooting 11-of-53 from 3-point range (20.75 percent). In the last 11 games of November, <mask> then went a combined 39-of-84 from 3-point range (46.4 percent). On December 5, 2016, he scored 60 points (shooting 21-of-33 and 8-of-14 on three-pointers) in 29 minutes over just three quarters in a 142–106 win over the Indiana Pacers, becoming the first player in NBA history to score 60 points in less

masks:
Klay Alexander Thompson
Thompson
Mychal Thompson
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Klay
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David Thompson
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 than 30 minutes of action.<mask> had an NBA season-high and career-best performance for the highest-scoring output by a Golden State player in more than 42 years. His 40 first-half points tied him for second-most scored in a half over the past decade. In addition, <mask> became the first Warrior to score 60 points since Hall of Famer Rick Barry's 64 on March 26, 1974, joining Barry and Naismith honorees Wilt Chamberlain and Joe Fulks as the only Warriors players to do so. On January 26, he was named a Western Conference All-Star reserve for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game. He participated in the Three-Point Contest, but he failed to defend his title as he was eliminated in the first round. On April 4, 2017, he scored 41 points (his 10th career 40-point game) in a 121–107 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. The Warriors finished the season as the first seed in the West with a 67–15 record.<mask> struggled with his shooting for extended stretches during the playoffs, but his defense against opposing guards like Damian Lillard, Patty Mills, and Kyrie Irving stood out. Following a 129–115 victory in Game 4 of the Western Conference Finals over the San Antonio Spurs, the Warriors reached their third straight NBA Finals series, becoming the first team in league history to start the playoffs 12–0. <mask> helped the Warriors win their second championship in three years with a 4–1 series win over the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2017 NBA Finals. The Warriors finished the playoffs with a 16–1 record, attaining the best postseason winning percentage in NBA history. Third NBA championship (2017–2018)
On October 29, 2017, <mask> scored 29 points in a 115–107 loss to the Detroit Pistons, becoming the 11th player in franchise history to eclipse 9,000 career points. On December 20, 2017, he scored 27 of his 29 points in the first half and made his first nine field goals in a 97–84 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. On December 27, 2017, in a 126–101 win over the Utah Jazz, <mask> hit three 3-pointers, moving him into a tie for third with Dana Barros at 89 consecutive games with a 3-pointer.On January 17, 2018, he scored 38 points in a 119–112 win over the Chicago Bulls. In a 134–127 win over the Los Angeles Clippers on February 22, 2018, <mask> moved past Joe Barry Carroll's 9,996 points to earn 10th place on the franchise's career scoring list, also becoming the 10th Warrior to reach 10,000 regular season career points. Two days later, in a 112–80 win over the Thunder, <mask> passed Neil Johnston (10,023) for ninth place on the franchise's career scoring list. On March 31, 2018, following an eight-game absence with a broken right thumb, <mask> scored 25 points on 10-for-19 shooting in a 112–96 win over the Sacramento Kings. On April 5, 2018, in a 126–106 loss to the Indiana Pacers, <mask> was 4 of 9 on 3-pointers to move past Tim Hardaway (1,542) for 25th on the league's career list. Three days later, he scored 22 of his 34 points in the first quarter of the Warriors' 117–100 win over the Phoenix Suns. <mask> helped the Warriors defeat the San Antonio Spurs in the first round of the playoffs in five games, as he scored 24 points in a 99–91 win in Game 5.As a result, <mask> joined Rick Barry (699) and Curry (652) as Warriors players with 600 postseason field goals. In Game 3 of the Western Conference Finals against the Houston Rockets, <mask> moved past Barry (1,776) for second place on the Warriors' career postseason scoring list. In Game 6, <mask> knocked down nine 3-pointers on his way to 35 points, as the Warriors rallied from an early 17-point deficit to stave off elimination with a 115–86 victory over the Rockets. In Game 2 of the NBA Finals, <mask> played in his franchise-record 100th postseason game. He also became the sixth player to ever make 300 3s in the postseason, joining Curry as Warriors to reach the feat. He scored 20 points in the game to help the Warriors take a 2–0 lead with a 122–103 win over the Cavaliers. The Warriors went on to sweep the series to claim back-to-back titles.ACL tear in Finals (2018–2019)
Over the first seven games of 2018–19, <mask> shot 5 for 36 from behind the arc and failed to have a 20-point game. He did not make multiple three-pointers in any of the contests, a career-worst seven-game drought for him. On October 29, 2018, against the Chicago Bulls, he hit an NBA-record 14 threes to break Curry's former mark of 13. <mask> scored 52 points in 27 minutes while making 14-for-24 of his threes and shooting 18-for-29 overall from the field. His 10 three-pointers in the first half tied Chandler Parsons' league record set in 2014, and Golden State made 17 threes in the first half to set the NBA record for a half. On November 24, he scored 31 points with five 3-pointers in a 117–116 win over the Sacramento Kings. <mask> moved into 21st place on the NBA's career 3-pointers list when he hit his 1,609th in the first quarter, moving past Jason Richardson.On December 29, he had his second-highest scoring game of the season with 32 points in a 115–105 win over the Portland Trail Blazers. He shot his way out of a slump by hitting 12 of 21 from the field and 4 of 5 from 3-point range. On January 8, he scored 43 points with seven 3-pointers in a 122–95 win over the New York Knicks. On January 21, he tied an NBA record by making his first 10 attempts from 3-point range on his way to scoring 44 points in a 130–111 win over the Los Angeles Lakers. He finished 10 of 11 from beyond the arc and 17 of 20 from the floor overall. On March 8, he scored 39 points and made nine 3-pointers in a 122–105 win over the Denver Nuggets. On March 13, he scored 30 points in a 106–104 win over the Houston Rockets.He made five 3-pointers to give him 203 for the season, joining Curry as the only players in NBA history to have seven straight seasons with 200 3-pointers. Praised for his defense throughout his career, <mask> was named to the NBA All-Defensive Team for the first time, earning second team honors. For Game 3 of the 2019 NBA Finals against the Toronto Raptors, <mask> missed his first career playoff game after straining his left hamstring late in Game 2. He returned in Game 4 and scored 28 points with six 3-pointers in a 105–92 loss, as the Warriors went down 3–1 in the series. In Game 5, he helped the Warriors stave off elimination with 26 points in a 106–105 win, thus cutting the Raptors' series lead to 3–2. However, in Game 6, <mask> suffered a torn ACL in his left knee and departed with 30 points midway through the third quarter, as the Warriors went on to lose the game and the series with a 114–110 defeat. He finished the playoffs in third for career postseason 3-pointers (374), trailing only Curry (470) and Ray Allen (385).Dealing with injuries (2019–2022)
On July 1, 2019, <mask> agreed to stay with the Warriors on a five-year, $190 million maximum contract with an additional fifteen-percent trade kicker as a result of not making an All-NBA Team, which could have made him eligible for a supermax deal like Curry was in 2017. The next day, on July 2, <mask> underwent successful knee surgery on his torn ACL, and missed the entire 2019–20 season as a result. <mask> officially re-signed with the Warriors on July 10. He returned to practice with the Warriors in September 2020. On November 19, it was announced that <mask> would miss the entire 2020–21 season due to an Achilles tendon injury, which he suffered in a pickup game in Los Angeles. On November 28, 2021, <mask> was assigned to the Santa Cruz Warriors, Golden State's NBA G League affiliate, alongside James Wiseman for rehab purposes. He was recalled on December 1.<mask> and Wiseman were yet again assigned to Santa Cruz on December 11. Return to the NBA (2022–present)
On January 8, 2022, <mask> announced he would make his return to the court on January 9 against the Cleveland Cavaliers. In his return, <mask> scored 17 points on 7-from-18 shooting in 20 minutes, as the Warriors defeated the Cavaliers 96–82. On February 12, <mask> scored 16 of his season-high 33 points in the fourth quarter against the Los Angeles Lakers in a 117–115 comeback win. National team career

<mask> was a member of the United States national team that won the gold medal at the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup and the 2016 Rio Olympics. He also won gold as a member of the Under-19 national team at the 2009 FIBA Under-19 World Championship. Player profile
<mask> is both a prolific and efficient shooter, particularly from range, as well as an elite free-throw shooter.His shooting form has been described as "textbook" and "picture-perfect". Though he is capable of handling the ball in the Warriors offense, <mask> is primarily a catch-and-shoot player, taking advantage of back-cuts and screens set by teammates to make space for his exceptionally accurate quick-release shot. Although <mask> is not known for blocking shots or creating steals, he is considered a strong defender thanks to his size at the guard position and ability to defend against both elite guards and wings. He is also praised for his stamina. <mask> is also known for his quiet, laid-back personality, rarely showing emotion in or out of games. He is one of the few players in the NBA sponsored by Chinese shoe company Anta, signing a 10-year deal with it in 2016. <mask> faced controversy when he was suspended for his final regular season game at WSU after being issued a misdemeanor criminal citation for marijuana possession.After winning the NBA championship in 2015, <mask> and his father became the fourth father-son duo to win an NBA title, joining Matt Guokas Sr. and Jr., Rick and Brent Barry, and Bill and Luke Walton. <mask> is known for his offbeat, dry sense of humor. He owns an English bulldog named Rocco. In late October 2017, <mask> participated in local efforts to raise money for relief for the October 2017 Northern California wildfires, donating $1,000 for every point he scored in home games against the Washington Wizards, Toronto Raptors, and Detroit Pistons. With additional sponsor and fan matching <mask> was able to increase that to $5,223 per point, ultimately raising $360,374 by tallying 69 points across the three games. <mask> is an avid chess player and has met with the chess world champion, Magnus Carlsen. <mask> was in a relationship with American actress Laura Harrier from 2018 to early 2020.Filmography

See also

 List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders
 List of National Basketball Association career playoff 3-point scoring leaders
 List of second-generation National Basketball Association players

Notes

References

External links

 Washington State Cougars bio

1990 births
Living people
2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
African-American Catholics
American men's basketball players
American people of Bahamian descent
Basketball players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Basketball players from Los Angeles
Catholics from California
FIBA Basketball World Cup-winning players
Golden State Warriors draft picks
Golden State Warriors players
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
National Basketball Association All-Stars
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in basketball
Shooting guards
Sportspeople from Lake Oswego, Oregon
Sportspeople from Orange County, California
United States men's national basketball team players
Washington State Cougars men's basketball

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


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<mask>  (6 March 182930 October 1899) was an English architect. He became president of the Architectural Association in 1861; a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1867 and vice-president of the RIBA in 1886. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he read Architecture. Background
He was the ninth son of <mask>, Anglican Bishop of London, who began a programme of new church construction in the capital. Born in Fulham Palace, <mask> was educated at Rugby and Trinity College, Cambridge. He was then articled as an architect to Philip Charles Hardwick, and subsequently obtained a large practice on his own account. The young Thomas Hardy joined Blomfield's practice as assistant architect in April 1862, and the writer remained friends with Blomfield.He became president of the Architectural Association in 1861; a Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1867 (proposed by George Gilbert Scott, H. Brandon and J. P. Seddon); and vice-president of the RIBA in 1886. In 1889, he was knighted. He was awarded the Royal Gold Medal in 1891. He was twice married. His second wife, <mask>, was an author and humanitarian. Two of his daughters, Mary Esther and Ellinor <mask>, were supporters of the suffragette movement and famously made a representation to the King. Two of his sons, Charles James and <mask> Blomfield, were brought up to his own profession, and of which they became distinguished representatives.His nephew, Sir <mask>, apprenticed under him, went on to design numerous buildings, public works, and sculpture, including the Cross of Sacrifice or War Cross, for the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. These are in Commonwealth cemeteries in many countries. Major works

In 1882 <mask> designed the Royal College of Music in London. In 1887 he became architect to the Bank of England and, in association with <mask> Street, designed the Law Courts branch of the Bank of England in Fleet Street. A. E. Street was the son of the architect G. E. Street. In 1890–7 he rebuilt the nave of St. Saviour's parish church, Southwark (now Southwark Cathedral), replacing an earlier reconstruction of 1839–40. It is a notable example of his use of a Gothic Revival style.He was highly regarded as a restorer; a spokesman for the Society for the Protection of Ancient Buildings said of his 1898 restoration of Salisbury Cathedral spire "conducted in the most conservative way possible ... I am confident that anyone who had been privileged to see the work that is being done ... would not withhold his subscriptions even though he was as ardent an anti-restorer as your obedient servant." In 1899 he completed St. George's Anglican Cathedral in Georgetown, Guyana, which was the tallest wooden church in the world until 2003 when the Peri Monastery near Săpânţa in northern Romania was completed. Other works (in chronological order)
St Leonard's Church, Linley, Shropshire, restoration, 1858
Christ Church, Crouch End 1862
Christ Church, East Sheen 1863
St Mary's parish church, Jackfield, Shropshire, 1863
All Saints' parish church, Windsor, Berkshire, 1862–64
St Luke's chapel at the former Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 1864
St Mary's Church, Banbury, Oxfordshire: restoration 1864
Dartford Grammar School, Kent, 1864. Blomfield and Sons
St John the Evangelist's Church, Preston Village, Brighton, Sussex, 1901
St George's Church, Ashtead, Surrey, 1905
St Saviour's Church, Raynes Park, Surrey, 1905
St Michael's parish church, Abbey Wood, Kent, 1907
Sea Marge Hotel in Overstrand, Norfolk, private residence for Sir Edgar Speyer, 1908
Church of Holy Trinity, Eltham, London, 1908

References

Sources

External links
 Profile on Royal Academy of Arts Collections

1829 births
1899 deaths
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Architects from London
Gothic Revival architects
English ecclesiastical architects
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Architects of cathedrals
Knights Bachelor
Fellows of the Royal Institute of British Architects
People from Fulham
19th-century English architects
Associates of the Royal Academy

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Sir Arthur William Blomfield
Charles James Blomfield
Arthur Blomfield
Lady Blomfield
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<mask> (22 March 1730 – 11 February 1796) was a Scottish minister, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1787/88. Life
<mask>, was born 22 March 1730, the son of <mask> (1687-1764), minister of Aberdour. The <mask> family had been much involved in the Covenanter struggles. His great grandfather William had been sentenced to death for his part in the Battle of Rullion Green, though he fled and escaped. <mask> began to attend school on 11 February 1735 and, when he was thirteen, he matriculated as a student at the University of Edinburgh on 13 October 1743. The age of 13/14 was the standard age to attend university at that time. He was licensed to preach the Gospel by the Presbytery of Dunfermline on 5 September 1753.Some members of the Presbytery had opposed his father's original appointment as Minister, fighting it all the way up to the General Assembly. They felt he was being imposed on them by then Patron, <mask>, Earl of Morton, and the rich Heritors of the Parish. Such disputes were common throughout Scotland at the time. One of those who had added his voice against John Lister's appointment, Ebenezer Erskine was to lead a number of Ministers out of the Church of Scotland as a protest against Patronage, forming the Original Secession Church. Perhaps to avoid such disputes, several heritors and Elders of the Kirk Session of Aberdour in Fife wrote to James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton, who now Patron of the Parish, shortly after <mask> had been licensed, and asked that he be appointed assistant and expected successor to his father. This was agreed and he was called on 13 December and ordained on 2 April 1754 as assistant minister of Aberdour, under his father. Ten years later, on 17 September 1764, when his father died, he became the Minister of Aberdour.As Minister of Aberdour, <mask> wrote the Report for that Parish for John Sinclair's First Statistical Account of Scotland in 1792. Moderator of the General Assembly
He was unanimously elected Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland on 17 May 1787., the last person to be elected to that post who was not a Doctor of Divinity. This was a fairly routine meeting of the General Assembly. The King's Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, David Melville, 6th Earl of Leven read the King's letter, assuring those assembled of his respect and admiration, advised them to avoid unnecessary disputations and to do all they can to encourage virtue and obedience to the law. The King also sent them £1000 to promote the Protestant religion (and loyalty to the throne) in the Highlands and Islands. A Committee of the Assembly drew up a reply, pledging their loyalty and devotion and promising to encourage their members to appreciate that they live in the freest country in the world with the most benign of monarchs. They thanked him for his £1000 and promised to put it to good use, especially in the more barbarous parts of the country (South Uist, Argyle and Glenelg) which were blighted with Popery and superstition.It was brought to their notice that a Patron had advertised the sale of his Patronage over a Parish. This outraged the Assembly, who set up a committee to clarify the rules to avoid Simony. Other routine activity dealt with the training of divinity students and proper attendance at the General Assembly. Otherwise, it acted as a final court of appeal on a number of cases. The Patron of the Parish of Kilbarchan had died and his trustees had presented a Mr Maxwell, who was tutor to the family, to the Presbytery as the new Minister. The Presbytery of Paisley had objected that the Patronage had been willed to his son-in-law, who had not presented anyone, so the right had descended to them. The Assembly ordered the Presbytery to admit Mr Maxwell immediately as Minister of Kilbarchan.In another case, after much deliberation, it dismissed the appeal of Mr James Mcintosh, Minister of Moy and Dalarossie, and formally deposed him, for the offence of fornication, from the office of the holy ministry "for all time coming". It also dismissed the appeal of Thomas Rattray, Esquire, of Dalrulzian, against the Presbytery of Dunkeld, claiming he was not, as libelled, the father of the children of Isabel Downie. The Assembly received petition from the Scots Church in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, asking for some help to build a church. The Assembly agreed to send them a message of support, but could not send any money in the current circumstances. <mask> married Janet Hardie (1744-1814), daughter of Henry Hardy, Minister of Culross on 11 November 1766. His children became, or married, ministers, lawyers, army officers and merchants. Two of his children Henry and William, followed him into the Ministry.Henry declined the offer of the Kirk Session to be appointed his father's successor, feeling dynasties were not the proper thing for the Church of Scotland. He became Minister of Ecclesmachan, and also became an inventor. He was the father of surgeon <mask>. William was a keen botanist (he had studied Medicine at University). <mask> died on 11 February 1796. He was succeeded in his role as minister of Aberdour by Rev William Bryce DD (1770-1841). <mask>'s wife Janet died at Auldcathie, Hoptoun Park, on 31 December 1814.In 1792 his daughter, <mask> (1768-1852), married Hugh Meiklejohn who went on to be Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1810.

masks:
Robert Liston
Robert Liston
John Liston
Liston
Robert
Robert
Robert
Robert Liston
Family Liston
Robert Liston
Liston
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Anne Liston


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<mask> (15 June 1563 – 12 February 1624) was a Scottish goldsmith and philanthropist. He is chiefly remembered today as the founder of <mask>'s School, a large independent school in Edinburgh; his name has also been given to Heriot-Watt University, as well as several streets (and one pub) in the same city. <mask> was the court goldsmith to Anne of Denmark, the wife of King James VI of Scotland, as well as to the king himself; he became very wealthy from this position, and wealthier still as a result of lending this money back to the king and the rest of his court. He moved to London along with the court in 1603, at the time of the Union of Crowns, and remained in London until he died in 1624. He had married twice but had no recognised children surviving at the time of his death, and he left the bulk of his estate to found a hospital to care for "faitherless bairns" (orphaned children) in his home city. Early life

<mask> was born in Gladsmuir, (East Lothian), on 15 June 1563, the eldest son of <mask> and Elizabeth Balderstone, and one of ten children. His father was a well-established goldsmith from an old Haddingtonshire family, who served as a Member of the Parliament of Scotland.On 14 January 1586 he was engaged to marry Christian Marjoribanks, the daughter of Simon Marjoribanks a burgess of the City of Edinburgh and a local merchant; the couple had two sons, who died in their youth. To mark the marriage, and the end of his apprenticeship, <mask> was given 1500 merks by his father to establish his own business, which he did in a small "luckenbooth" near St. Giles' Cathedral, on the site of the entrance of the modern Signet Library. He was elected a burgess of the City of Edinburgh in January 1588, at the age of twenty-four, and in May that year was admitted to membership of the Edinburgh Incorporation of Goldsmiths. By October 1593, he had been elected Deacon of Goldsmiths. Goldsmith to the Crown

From early in the 1590s, <mask> had been selling items to Anne of Denmark, the Queen Consort, and on 17 July 1597, he was officially appointed the goldsmith to the Queen. The queen had previously employed a German jeweller Jacob Kroger. The role of a goldsmith in the early modern period extended beyond simply the making and trading of jewellery and precious metals; in effect, he had now become her banker.Over the following years, he lent her significant amounts of money, often secured on jewellery he himself had sold her. Anne's love of jewellery was "legendary", and by the late 1590s both she and the king were taking out significant loans to support their spending. This ensured <mask>'s position would remain lucrative; it had been estimated that between 1593 and 1603 he may have done as much as £50,000 of business with the Queen. James VI owed <mask> £6,720 for jewelry and precious stones in March 1599 and gave him a jewel as a pledge for payment, which included 74 diamonds and a larger diamond set in gold. In June 1599 James instructed his exchequer officers to repay from his tax receipts a loan advanced on the security of some of the queen's jewels. In August 1599 Heriot was paid £400 Sterling from the English annuity, a sum of money which Queen Elizabeth sent to Scotland, for jewels delivered to Anna of Denmark. <mask>'s financial involvement with the court grew stronger over the years; he was appointed jeweller to James VI in 1601, and became involved in a governmental plan to replace the circulating currency of Scotland.By 1603, he held the right to farm the customs. In 1603, at the Union of the Crowns James VI inherited the English and Irish thrones, and ruled these kingdoms as King James I. He moved to London. <mask>, along with much of his court, followed suit. In November he was appointed a jeweller to the king, with an annual salary of £150. The English goldsmiths John Spilman and William Herrick were given similar appointments. The salary was a small amount in comparison to <mask>'s sales and loans, and by 1609 Queen Anne's debt to him was £18,000, from which he drew a sizeable interest.Surviving bills for jewellery supplied to Anna of Denmark mostly date from 1605 to 1615, totalling around £40,000. Her servants Margaret Hartsyde and Dorothea Silking often dealt with him on her behalf. She often wore a miniature portrait of Isabella Clara Eugenia and Heriot mended its locket case twice. Surviving pieces made by <mask> for Anne include a gold miniature case set with her initials in diamonds, now held by the Fitzwilliam Museum, which the queen may have gifted to her lady-in-waiting Anne Livingstone, and a pair of earrings which include the enamelled face of an African man, in a private collection. The earrings were itemised by <mask> in 1609 as "two pendants made as more's heads and all sett with diamonds price £70." They may reflect her fascination with the representation of African people in the theatre, as in her Masque of Blackness. Heriot also supplied jewels to Prince Henry.After his wife Christian died, he returned to Edinburgh in 1609 to marry Alison Primrose, the daughter of James Primrose of Carington, the clerk to the Scottish Privy Council. The marriage was short-lived, as Alison died in 1612, and childless. <mask> supplied a chain with 60 pieces each set with three small diamonds worth £250 to the king's favourite, the Earl of Somerset, which was returned to him in 1615 when the Earl was disgraced. <mask>, with the other royal jewellers Abraham Harderet, William Herrick and John Spilman, joined the funeral procession of Anna of Denmark in 1619. Heriot had a town house in the Strand and a country estate at Roehampton, and considerable property in Edinburgh. Death and legacy

<mask> died in London in February 1624 and was buried at St. Martin-in-the-Fields, where the sermon was given by Walter Balcanquhall. <mask> is believed to have had at least four children by his first wife, including two sons who may have been drowned at sea, although the exact details of their death are unknown.He had no other legitimate children – his second marriage was childless – but in his will left money to provide for two natural daughters Elizabeth Band (born 1613) then aged ten and Margaret Scott (born 1619) then aged four. There were additional bequests to his stepmother and his half-siblings, as well as his nieces and nephews. However, the residue of the estate, some £23,625, was left to the city of Edinburgh, to establish a hospital for the free education of the "puir, faitherless bairns" of deceased Edinburgh burgesses. Heriot's Hospital was begun in 1628, and duly constructed outside the city walls of Edinburgh, immediately to the south of Edinburgh Castle, adjacent to Greyfriars Kirk. It was completed just in time to be occupied by Oliver Cromwell's forces during the English Civil War. The hospital opened in due course in 1659, with thirty pupils; its finances grew, and it took in other pupils in addition to the orphans for whom it was intended. In the 1880s, it began to charge fees; however, to this day it serves its charitable object, providing free education to a sizeable number of children of widows or widowers.Memorials

A statue of <mask> stands within the quadrangle of the school, above the pend on the north entrance tower. This is by Robert Mylne the King's Master Mason. It bears a Latin inscription which translates as: "This statue shows my body, this building shows my soul". <mask> is one of the carved figures on the Scott Monument on Princes Street. His figure, which stands on the lower tier of the south-west buttress, was carved by Peter Slater. He is depicted holding a model of the school. In literature
<mask> features as one of the two ghosts in Robert Fergusson's poem The Ghaists: A Kirk-Yard Ecologue (1773).He appears as a character in the novel The Fortunes of Nigel by Sir Walter Scott. See also
William Fettes, another Edinburgh businessman, after whom Fettes College is named. List of universities named after people

Notes

References

Note that the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography article is based on the original Dictionary of National Biography entry, but the two differ on several minor points. Where they conflict, the newer article is assumed to be accurate. The older article contains a number of details (e.g., a presumed death date for <mask>'s first wife) omitted in the newer article; it is unclear if this is for reasons of space, or if those details were found inaccurate. External links
 Contemporary image of <mask> at the National Portrait Gallery. 1563 births
1624 deaths
16th-century Scottish people
17th-century Scottish people
Businesspeople from Edinburgh
Scottish goldsmiths
People associated with Heriot-Watt University
Scottish bankers
Scottish jewellers
Scottish philanthropists
Founders of Scottish schools and colleges
Court of James VI and I
16th-century Scottish artists
16th-century Scottish businesspeople
17th-century Scottish businesspeople
17th-century Scottish artists
Material culture of royal courts

masks:
George Heriot
George Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
George Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
Heriot
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George Heriot
George Heriot
Heriot
George Heriot


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<mask> (崔昭緯) (d. 896), courtesy name Yunyao (蘊曜), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Zhaozong. According to traditional histories, he was disloyal to Emperor Zhaozong and manipulated the court scene by conspiring with the eunuchs and the warlords Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) and Wang Xingyu the military governor of Jingnan Circuit (靜難, headquartered in modern Xianyang, Shaanxi). After Li Keyong the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi) defeated Wang and forced LI Maozhen into submission, Emperor Zhaozong exiled <mask> and later had him executed. Background
It is not known when <mask> clan of Qinghe, which was descended from the Spring and Autumn period state Qi; and the table of the chancellors' family trees in the New Book of Tang further traced him specifically to the "Southern Ancestor" branch of the clan, which included officials of Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Jin Dynasty (266–420), Later Zhao, Liu Song, Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou, and Tang Dynasty. According to <mask>'s biography in the Old Book of Tang, his grandfather <mask> (崔庇) served as a county sheriff, while his father <mask> (崔巘) served as the governor of Eyue Circuit (鄂岳, headquartered in modern Wuhan, Hubei), but the table of the chancellors' family trees in the New Book of Tang do not describe <mask> and Cui Yan as having those offices, and Cui <mask>'s biography in the New Book of Tang omitted references to them altogether. Cui Zhaowei had at least two older brothers, Cui Zhaofu (崔昭符) and Cui Zhaoyuan (崔昭原), and at least one younger brother, Cui Zhaoju (崔昭矩).Apparently at some point prior to the reign of Emperor Zhaozong, <mask> <mask> passed the imperial examinations in the Jinshi (進士) class. During Emperor Zhaozong's reign, he served (unclear if successively or concurrently) as Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng); imperial scholar (翰林學士, Hanlin Xueshi); and deputy minister of census (戶部侍郎, Hubu Shilang). In 891, in the aftermaths of an imperial defeat in a campaign against the warlord Li Keyong the military governor (Jiedushi) of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), the chancellors Zhang Jun and Kong Wei, who were the main proponents of the campaign, were removed from their offices, and <mask>, who was at that time the chief imperial scholar (翰林學士承旨, Hanlin Xueshi Chengzhi) and deputy minister of defense (兵部侍郎, Bingbu Shilang), was made a chancellor with the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事), along with Xu Yanruo. As chancellor
It was said that, as a chancellor, <mask> <mask> was treacherous and jealous of others with seniority or ability. He formed alliances with eunuchs and nearby warlords to further enhance his power at the imperial court. He was particularly in close communications with Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit and Wang Xingyu the military governor of Jingnan Circuit, two warlords who were geographically close to the imperial capital Chang'an. Thus, when Emperor Zhaozong began to plan a campaign against Li and Wang in 893 and put the chancellor Du Rangneng in charge of planning the campaign, it was said that whatever Du said in the morning would be found out by the two warlords in the evening.Later in the year, when Emperor Zhaozong commissioned Xu Yanruo as the military governor of Fengxiang to try to replace Li and commissioned Li Sizhou (李嗣周) the Prince of Qin as the commander of an imperial army to try to escort Xu to Fengxiang, Li Maozhen and Wang resisted and defeated Li Sizhou. At <mask>'s instigation, the two military governors then marched on the capital. <mask>, who was jealous of Du, informed them that the campaign was Du's idea, and at their insistence Emperor Zhaozong was forced to order Du to commit suicide and kill the eunuchs Ximen Junsui (西門君遂), Li Zhoutong (李周潼), and Duan Xu (段詡), who were also considered proponents of the campaign. It was said that from this point on, Emperor Zhaozong could no longer rule independently of Li Maozhen and Wang, due to the close connection between <mask> and the two warlords — in particular, if there were any proposals by other chancellors that <mask> opposed, <mask> would have his clansman <mask> Ting (崔鋌), who served on Wang's staff, inform Wang, and have Wang Chao (王超), who served on Li Maozhen's staff, inform Li Maozhen. The two warlords would then submit petitions opposing the proposals, and if Emperor Zhaozong even hesitated at rescinding the proposals, they would next submit petitions threatening the emperor. Meanwhile, in 893, at <mask>'s recommendation, his distant relative <mask> Yin (a son of the deceased chancellor <mask> Shenyou) was made a chancellor as well. Later in 893, the major warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan), requested that the directorate of the salt and iron monopolies be relocated to his headquarters at Bian Prefecture (汴州).<mask>, citing the fact that Zhu had just recently dealt major defeats to Shi Pu the military governor of Ganhua Circuit (感化, headquartered in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and Zhu Xuan the military governor of Tianping Circuit (天平, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong) and arguing that allowing Zhu Quanzhong to hold the directorate would make him impossible to control, opposed. Emperor Zhaozong agreed and issued an edict declining Zhu Quanzhong's proposal. In 894, Emperor Zhaozong was set to make then-chief imperial scholar Li Xi, from whom he learned writing, a chancellor. As the edict naming Li Xi chancellor was being read, the official Liu Chonglu (劉崇魯), at <mask>'s instigation — as <mask> was fearful that Li Xi would divert power from him as co-chancellor — stepped out of his place at the imperial meeting, grabbed the edict, and began to weep, claiming that Li Xi was a wicked man who associated with the eunuch Yang Fugong and Ximen. Emperor Zhaozong, faced with this unprecedented display, was forced to put off naming Li Xi chancellor, and in fact for a time demoted Li Xi to the honorary post of advisor to the Crown Prince. However, in 895, Emperor Zhaozong named Li Xi chancellor anyway. Displeased with this development, <mask> had <mask> Ting, who had become Wang Xingyu's deputy military governor by this point, inform Wang that Li Xi and fellow chancellor Wei Zhaodu were part of the emperor's faction against him and Li Maozhen.Wang and Li Maozhen therefore repeatedly submitted petitions objecting to Li Xi's chancellorship; Emperor Zhaozong was thereafter forced to remove Li Xi again. That, however, did not placate Li Maozhen and Wang, who were also displeased that Emperor Zhaozong was accepting Li Keyong's proposal to have, after the death of Wang Chongying the military governor of Huguo Circuit (護國, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi), Wang Chongying's nephew Wang Ke (Li Keyong's son-in-law) succeed Wang Chongying, rather than Wang Chongying's son Wang Gong, who was allied with Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu. They marched on the capital again along with a third ally, Han Jian the military governor of Zhenguo Circuit (鎮國, headquartered in modern Weinan, Shaanxi), and they executed Li Xi and Wei over Emperor Zhaozong's protest. In reaction to Li Xi's and Wei's deaths, Li Keyong launched an army and headed for Chang'an, preparing to attack Li Maozhen, Wang Xingyu, and Han. Subsequently, a rift developed between Li Maozhen and Wang, as both wanted to take Emperor Zhaozong to his circuit. Emperor Zhaozong, knowing that they wanted to seize him, instead fled into the Qinling Mountains. <mask>, as well as the other chancellors Xu and Wang Tuan, followed.Meanwhile, Li Keyong defeated Li Maozhen and Wang Xingyu, and subsequently put Wang's capital Bin Prefecture (邠州) under siege. Wang tried to flee out of the siege, but was killed by his own subordinates in flight. In fear, Li Maozhen and Han outward submitted to the imperial government, and Emperor Zhaozong, who also did not want Li Keyong to grow overly strong, ordered Li Keyong to end his campaign against Li Maozhen. Still, for the time being, <mask> had lost his warlord allies, and, after Emperor Zhaozong returned to Chang'an, <mask> was stripped of his chancellorship and made You Pushe (右僕射), one of the heads of the executive bureau (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng), but no longer chancellor. Exile and death
Shortly after <mask> Zhaowei was stripped of his chancellorship, Emperor Zhaozong further exiled him to be the military advisor to the prefect of Wu Prefecture (梧州, in modern Wuzhou, Guangxi). On the way to exile, <mask> wrote Zhu Quanzhong, hoping that Zhu would intercede on his behalf. Instead, Emperor Zhaozong issued an edict ordering <mask> to commit suicide.The eunuch delivering the edict intercepted <mask> at Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei, not the same circuit that Wang Xingyu ruled) and had him beheaded. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 179. New Book of Tang, vol. 223, part 2. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 258, 259, 260.9th-century births
896 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Zhaozong of Tang
People executed by the Tang dynasty by decapitation
Executed Tang dynasty people
9th-century executions by the Tang dynasty
Cui clan of Qinghe

masks:
Cui Zhaowei
Cui
Cui Zhaoweiui
Cui Zhaowei
Cui Bi
Cui Yan
Cui Bi
Zhaowei
Cui
Zhaowei
Cui
Cui
Zhaowei
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui
Cui


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<mask> (20 September 1925 – 12 July 2001) was a British film composer, particularly associated with horror films produced by Hammer Film Productions. Starting with The Quatermass Xperiment, he scored such classic films as The Curse of Frankenstein and Dracula. He also occasionally scored non-Hammer films including Windom's Way (1957) and Torture Garden (1967). Early years and World War II

<mask> was educated at Wellington College, previously attended by Christopher Lee, the future star of many Hammer horror films <mask> was to score. In an interview late in his life, <mask> recalled that in his mid-teens three of his favourite books were The Devil Rides Out, She, and The Hound of the Baskervilles. While still a schoolboy, <mask> met Benjamin Britten when the composer came to consult the school's art master, Kenneth Green, about the stage designs for Peter Grimes. Britten took interest in an inter-house music composition, and advised <mask> on the music he was writing.The two stayed in touch during <mask>'s service in the RAF from 1943 to 1946, and Britten encouraged him to learn the principles of composition. During the war, <mask> worked with the team dedicated to breaking the code of the German Enigma machine, specialising in deciphering intercepted Japanese messages. During those years, on occasion <mask> came to London to turn pages for Britten while he played piano in recitals. In 1944 <mask> met Paul Dehn, who was then a Major working for Military Intelligence, Section 6 (MI6). This was the start of a lifelong partnership, the two moving in together in an apartment on London's King's Road while <mask> was still serving with the RAF in 1946. Musical training and first scores

After being demobbed, <mask> enrolled as a student at the Royal College of Music (RCM) in 1947, studying under Herbert Howells. He graduated in 1949.In 1950 Britten asked him to copy out the full score of his new opera Billy Budd for his publishers Boosey & Hawkes, inviting him to stay at his home in Aldeburgh. He went to the opera's opening night with Benjamin Britten's housekeeper and the librettist, E. M. Forster. Paul Dehn, by now a writer and critic, asked <mask> to collaborate with him on the original screenplay for the Boulting Brothers film Seven Days to Noon (1950). For this Paul Dehn and <mask> shared the 1952 Academy Award for the Best Writing, Motion Picture Story. Then in 1953 <mask> received his first commission to write incidental music: for a radio play by Patric Dickinson, The Death of Hector. Not having been taught orchestration at the RCM, <mask> often turned for advice to Imogen Holst, whom Britten had recommended when <mask> had asked for someone "with whom I could study or go to or take things to". <mask> also sought her assistance when writing incidental music for a broadcast radio production of The Duchess of Malfi, which starred Richard Burton, Peggy Ashcroft and Paul Scofield.The music for this so impressed John Hollingsworth, effectively the music director of Hammer Film Productions, that when the composer originally scheduled to score The Quatermass Xperiment fell ill the job was offered to <mask>. Work for Hammer
The Quatermass Xperiment was scored for strings and percussion only at John Hollingsworth's instruction: "I don't think he trusted me with anything more than a small string orchestra", <mask> later suggested. "At that time John Hollingsworth was one of the chief conductors of the Royal Ballet at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, so he used players from the Opera House orchestra," <mask> elsewhere wrote. The score, predating <mask>'s for Psycho by five years, has been cited as the first film score to treat strings in an unconventional, non-romantic manner, including the use of tone clusters and asking string players to bow on the wrong side of the bridge. Again, <mask> showed the score to Imogen Holst before he committed it to the recording sessions for the soundtrack. Following his scores to X the Unknown and Quatermass 2, <mask> scored Hammer's first horror film, The Curse of Frankenstein (1957). This included some music he had originally composed for The Duchess of Malfi.Next came Dracula (1958), in which the title cue featured a motif based on the sound Dra-cu-laaaaa, inspired by a suggestion Paul Dehn made to <mask>. Other Hammer horror scores include The Kiss of the Vampire (1962), The Gorgon (1964), Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966), The Plague of the Zombies (1966), The Devil Rides Out (1968), Dracula Has Risen from the Grave (1968), Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed (1969), Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell (1974) and The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires (1974). He also scored non-horror Hammer films such as The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), The Stranglers of Bombay (1959), The Terror of the Tongs (1961), The Damned (1963), The Secret of Blood Island (1964), and She (1965). A distinctive trait in <mask>'s Hammer scores are their use of clashing harmonies, often created by doubling a motif a tone higher, as in his famous Dracula theme. His music is also frenzied and pacey at times, frequently making use of percussion such as timpani and snares. The Devil Rides Out (1968) and The Plague of the Zombies (1966) are good examples of this. However, he could also write lushly romantic melodies, such as appear in Frankenstein Created Woman (1967), Taste the Blood of Dracula (1970) and Scars of Dracula (also 1970).Unlike the majority of film composers, <mask> orchestrated almost all of his work. Final decades

Paul Dehn died in 1976. Working on She (1965), <mask> first met the man who later became his second life partner, actor Ken McGregor (died January 24, 1994), with whom he lived in Jamaica until McGregor's death there in 1994. <mask> then moved back to London and lived there for the remainder of his life. In later years, he was called upon by silent film historian Kevin Brownlow to write an original score for F. W. Murnau's classic silent horror Nosferatu (1922/1997) and for Brownlow's documentary Universal Horror (1998) on the horror films of the American studio. He also wrote the score to Paul Cotgrove's 2001 short horror film Green Fingers (starring Hammer veteran actresses Ingrid Pitt and Janina Faye). David Huckvale's critical biography of the composer, <mask> – Composer to Count Dracula was published by McFarland in 2006.References

Bridcut, John. Britten's Children. Faber & Faber, 2006. Huckvale, David. <mask>, Composer to Count Dracula: A Critical Biography. McFarland, 2006. Huckvale, David.Hammer film scores and the musical avant-garde. McFarland, 2008. Larson, Randall D. Music from the House of Hammer: Music in the Hammer Horror Films, 1950–1980. Scarecrow Press, 1996. External links

1996 interview by film music historian Randall D. Larson
Music by <mask> - Themes For A Tapestry of Terror by Steve Vertlieb
1997 article in The Independent

1925 births
2001 deaths
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Best Story Academy Award winners
English film score composers
English male screenwriters
British gay writers
LGBT musicians from England
English male film score composers
People educated at Wellington College, Berkshire
20th-century English screenwriters
20th-century English male writers
20th-century British male musicians
20th-century LGBT people

masks:
James Michael Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
James Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard Herrmann
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
Bernard
James Bernard
James Bernard
James Bernard