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<mask> was a graphic designer from Cologne, Germany, known for interrelating design and scientific concepts within his exhibits. He was an influential designer, educator, and theorist in Germany and the United States. He arrived in the United States in 1939 after fleeing Nazism in Germany. In the U.S., he worked for Fortune Magazine and as an educator at Pratt Institute and the Parsons School of Design. He designed many exhibits for companies, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency. He received many awards and recognition for his work including a gold medal from AIGA. Many of his exhibits were reviewed in major consumer magazines, such as Newsweek and Life Magazine.He was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1974. <mask> died on January 18, 1972, in Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Burtin's cause of death was mesothelioma, cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Early life in Germany

<mask> was born in Cologne, Germany, to August and Gertrud Bürtin on January 27, 1908. Burtin's education was interrupted early during World War I when German armies took over his elementary school for cavalry barracks. Burtin also never graduated high school; instead, Burtin started studying topography at Handwerkskammer Köln. After graduation, Burtin studied graphic and industrial design at the Kölner Werkschulen (Cologne Academy of Fine and Applied Arts) in 1926.During his time studying topography and art, Burtin interned at the typesetting studio of Dr. Philippe Knöll. He worked for Knöll on exhibitions at GeSoLei in Düsseldorf. In 1927, Burtin opened his own design studio in Cologne, in which he created booklets, posters, type books, exhibitions, displays, advertising, and movies for German, French, and other clients. He had this studio from 1927 to 1938. In 1930, Burtin started teaching in Berlin, where he met art student Hilde Munk. <mask> and Munk were married in 1932 and Munk became partner in her husband's design studio, Entwurfe Bürtin, (Designs by Burtin). During the war, the Nazi Party was determined to win over the public opinion, which brought <mask> name to the party's attention, hoping that he would accept the position of Art Director and supervise creation of propaganda designs.Nazi officials began asking Burtin to work for their cause, while also trying to persuade him to divorce his Jewish wife. <mask> was able to decline early Nazi attempts to hire him. Burtin always claimed that his work schedule was already too hectic to take on another responsibility. However, in 1937, Nazi Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels made an official request for Burtin to become the Ministry's Director of Design. Burtin cited his backlog of private clients in order to buy time. <mask>'s wife Hilde took advantage of this to write an urgent letter to her cousin, Max Munk, in Maryland. She asked him to sponsor the couple's immigration into the United States.Munk responded to Hilde's request by sending an affidavit. The affidavit, dated November 15, 1937, allowed <mask> and Hilde <mask> to get a U.S. visa. Meanwhile, back in Germany, <mask> was called to Berlin again, this time to meet Adolf Hitler in person. Burtin tried disqualifying himself from working in the Nazi Party by mentioning that his wife Hilde was Jewish. Unfortunately for <mask>, Hitler replied that his wife was not an issue and his first assignment would be to create an exhibit foretelling the impacts of Nazi culture. Again trying to buy time, Burtin asked for a short vacation to think it over. He was honoured, he replied, to be considered for this high-ranking post but he needed this vacation to be well rested prior to taking up his duties for the Nazi Party.<mask> and Hilde <mask> had already decided under no circumstances would they work for the Nazi Party. They were able to book passage on the Rotterdam and flee to New York City, leaving behind their personal belongings, taking only overnight bags to deceive border guards, and a sample sheet of the typeface Firmin Didot. Career in the United States

After arriving in the United States from Germany, the Burtins settled in New York City. <mask> was hired for his first job with Munk Aeronautical Laboratory, which was Hilde's cousin's Max Munk's laboratory. After working with Munk Aeronautical Laboratory, <mask> received a contract with the United States Federal Works Agency, in which he had to create one major exhibit that represented the achievements of five departments in the Federal Works Agency. The FWA required the exhibit to travel, meaning for it to be more than one-dimensional. The FWA taught Burtin how to create these types of designs in order for him to properly have this concept depicted in the exhibit.This is where <mask> first learned how to create three-dimensional designs; this technique helped him created many of his designs to come. In 1939, <mask> began teaching communication and advanced design at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, NY and later was named chairman of the Department of Visual Communication in 1959. In 1943, <mask> was drafted into the United States Army and assigned to the Office of Strategic Services. Burtin was assigned to create gun manuals for the U.S. Air Force and Army Air Force. The manual was called Gunner's Information File: Flexible Gunnery. These gun manuals were being designed for the young soldiers in training. These manual were considered extremely important because they displayed vital information for trainees on how to handle their new firearm.Burtin, very concerned with the safety of the gunman, took this project very seriously. According to RIT's biography on <mask>, <mask> stated a gunman "was engaged in serious business in which his life might depend on the swift functioning of his knowledge and equipment". Because many of these soldiers drafted were uneducated and some illiterate, this manual had to be clear, precise, and easy to understand. As World War II was ending, <mask> was recruited by the publisher of Fortune Magazine,  straight from the Army. According to the publisher, it was in the "nation's interest" to let <mask> leave the army early to work for the magazine. He was recruited for the position of the Art Director, in which he remained from 1945 to 1949. Fortune did allow Burtin to do freelance work on the side which led to his partnership with the Upjohn Company and many others, such as Eastman Kodak, IBM, the Smithsonian, Mead Paper, Union Carbide, Herman Miller Furniture, and United States Information Agency.He was the designer and consultant on many of these clients' projects. Burtin conducted his freelance work through his design studio he opened up with Hilda in New York City, named Will Burtin, Inc., in 1949. Burtin also taught advertising art briefly as a visiting instructor at Black Mountain College in 1946, part of staff roster that also included Josef and Anni Albers, Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence, Leo Lionni, Leo Amino, Jean Varda, and others. In 1950, <mask> also started working at the Parsons School of Design, leading AIGA to name him a director with in the Institute. United States Information Agency, 1958

Through his contacts with the OSS, Burtin was able to obtain USIA as a regular client. The most successful exhibits made for USIA was "Kalamazoo…and how it grew!" Kalamazoo was selected by USIA to represent everyday life in an average American city, to be displayed to Europe.Burtin used personal thoughts and perspectives of the average citizen from Kalamazoo in this exhibit. This exhibit was so successful many different versions were created to be displayed in different European countries, such as England and Germany. Eastman Kodak, 1960–1962

In 1962, Burtin was able to gain Eastman Kodak as another major client. Burtin's work with Eastman Kodak included new construction techniques and a unique roof design. The goal was to create the illusion that Kodak's roof was a sea of clouds adults and children could walk on. These new techniques and designs brought considerable attention to Burtin's Eastman Kodak Pavilion at the 1964–1965 World's Fair. According to The Will Burtin Papers, the pavilion included an "eighty foot high photo tower and moon deck".Due to constant dispute with Kodak, <mask>'s agreement with the company was ceased before the pavilion was officially built; the Concrete Industry Board gave Burtin a special award in 1964 for its design. Union Carbide, 1962

Union Carbide was developing uranium to make nuclear fuel; therefore the company launched a huge campaign surrounding this and requested <mask> to design "The Atom in Action". His exhibit was showcased at Union Carbide's headquarters in New York City and represented the physics of nuclear energy. The depiction of the density of atomic energy was also presented. This exhibit also became a huge successful and remained popular for many years. "The Atom in Action" was exhibited at Union Carbide headquarters for several years. Upjohn Company, 1949–1971

<mask> took the position as art director of Upjohn Company's publication Scope, while still art directing for Fortune, but did leave Fortune the same year.Scope was a magazine dedicated to conveying medical, scientific and pharmaceutical information. In 1959, Upjohn conducted a survey to see how many doctors or medical workers viewed their publication and the results were not as they would have liked. These results led Burtin to suggest one of the most notable projects he would design for Upjohn, creating a model of a human cell. "The Cell" exhibit was the first exhibit Burtin would design that demonstrated a human function as a gigantic three-dimensional visual. As explained in the book Design and Science: the Life and Work of <mask>, "The Cell demonstrated the inter relatedness of cellular function, linkage among organelles, and a vision – Burtin's vision – of a cell's physical structure." Being biology had not yet found out all the functions of a human cell, the exhibit was described as a "generalized" human cell. "The Cell" was an instant success, reaching several U.S. cities, including San Francisco, Kalamazoo, New York City, and Chicago.The exhibit also reached England. The exhibit was reviewed in Newsweek and Life Magazine and reached about 40 million people. Due to the huge success with "The Cell", Burtin went on to create many other exhibits representing biology principles for Upjohn Company, including "The Brain" and "The Chromosome", both were very successful. Burtin received many awards for his designs. He received the Art Directors Club medal in 1939, 1941, 1955 and 1958. He received the AMA award in 1958 for his exhibit of The Cell. In 1971, <mask> was awarded a gold medal from AIGA for all his successful contributions to the field of design.He was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in 1974. Style

Mr. Burtin's own practice had transcended the "commercial art" model prevalent in the 1950s and 60s. He went on to merge design theory with education and technology. <mask> focused on the relationship between spatial forms and their functions. With a designer's vision, he saw how molecules of a certain shape could be expressed through visual art. Examples of Burtin's work include "The Cell", "The Genes in Action", and other processes or microstructures that required a unique understanding of both art and science. His work was publicized in world press and a variety of scientific journals.Personal life
In 1930, <mask> started teaching in Berlin, where he met art student Hilde Munk. <mask> and Munk were married in 1932. <mask> and <mask> spent most of their lives dedicated to design and typography. Both worked in Burtin's design studio. The couple had one child named Carol, born on October 10, 1942. <mask> and Hilda were married from 1932 to 1960, when Hilda lost her battle to cancer. <mask> died on October 10, 1960.She was fifty years old at the time her death; <mask> and a friend stood by her side as she passed. October 10, 1960, was the same day as the Burtins' daughter, Carol, had her eighteenth birthday. <mask> was determined to hide the sad news from his daughter Carol; he had a friend call the next day, October 11, to break the news of her mother's passing. <mask> kept this a secret until he passed and it wasn't until seeing a copy of her mother's death certificate did Carol realize her father's effort to shield the sad news from her. In January 1961, Burtin remarried the graphic designer Cipe Pineles, a long time family friend. Burtin and his daughter Carol moved in with Pineles because their house had too many sad memories of Hilda Burtin. Pineles later adopted Carol in 1973, after the passing of <mask>in.<mask> died on January 18, 1972, in Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. Burtin's cause of death was mesothelioma, which is cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. George Klauber, a long time friend, was by Burtin's side at the time of his death. Burtin's doctor determined it was possible <mask> died of the same cancer, which was unnamed at the time of her death. Dedication
After <mask>'s death in 1972, The Cleveland Health Museum and Education Center took The Cell, Defense of Life, The Brain, and The Chromosome as permanent exhibits. A biography of <mask>, "Design and Science: The Life and Work of <mask>" was published in 2007 by Lund Humphries, in London; jointly with Ashgate Publishing, in New York. Authors: R. Roger Remington and Robert S. P. Fripp, Burtin's son-in-law.References

German graphic designers
American graphic designers
1908 births
1972 deaths
AIGA medalists
German emigrants to the United States
Black Mountain College faculty

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<mask> (; December 18, 1915 – April 4, 1992) was a Romanian writer, winner of the Prix Goncourt, and convicted war criminal. His best known novel is God Was Born in Exile (1960). Life and career
<mask> was born in Segarcea, a small town in Dolj County, Romania. After graduating from Saint Sava High School in Bucharest, he studied Law, and then Letters at the University of Bucharest, and in parallel at universities in Italy and Austria. An associate of the far right thinker Nichifor Crainic, <mask> sat on the editorial board of his Sfarmă Piatră journal. He contributed to Gândirea and Porunca Vremii articles praising the Italian fascism of Benito Mussolini (Miracolul fascist — "The Fascist Miracle"), as well as pieces attacking authors whom the traditionalist group viewed as decadent (notably, Tudor Arghezi and Eugen Lovinescu). After Crainic took over as Minister of Propaganda in King Carol II's authoritarian government, he appointed <mask> as member of the diplomatic mission to Rome.According to his own account, <mask> shared Crainic's rejection of the Iron Guard, and, after Carol was ousted by the latter's National Legionary State government, he was recalled from office. He later left for Vienna. With Romania's siding with the Allies in August 1944 (see Romania during World War II), <mask> was taken prisoner by the Nazi authorities, and interned in the concentration camps at Karpacz and Maria Pfarr. He was liberated a year later by the British Army. Deciding not to return to an increasingly Soviet Union-dominated Romania, <mask> <mask> lived in Italy (where he became good friends with Giovanni Papini). In 1946, following a trial in absentia by the Romanian People's Tribunals, <mask> was sentenced to life in prison for facilitating the penetration of fascist ideas in Romania, and for making the case for those ideas to be implemented under the leadership of the German embassy in Bucharest. The sentence against him has never been rescinded.In 1948, <mask> moved to Argentina, where he taught at the Universidad de Buenos Aires; after March 1953, he lived in Spain, employed as a researcher in the Italic Studies field. He won the Prix Goncourt for his novel Dieu est né en exil (God was born in exile) in 1960; however, following the allegations that he had been a member of the Iron Guard, <mask> refused to receive the Prize, but the Goncourt remains attributed to him. According to some, the allegations constituted slander aimed at <mask> by the communist regime, with the purpose of blackmailing him into issuing positive remarks about the regime. His book notably attracted Jean-Paul Sartre's criticism. Other prizes received by <mask> <mask> include Medalla de Oro de Il Conciliatore, Milano (1961); Bravo para los hombres que unem en la verdad,  Madrid (1972); and the Dante Alighieri Prize, Florence (1981). He died in Collado Villalba, a municipality of Madrid. The centenary of <mask> <mask> was celebrated at the University of Alcalá (a Spanish university in Alcalá de Henares) and in several towns in Romania.Literary works

Novels
 Acolo și stelele ard, Ed. Gorjan, București, 1942. Dieu est né en exil, Fayard, Paris, 1960. Le Chevalier de la Résignation, Fayard, Paris, 1961. Les Impossibles, Fayard, Paris, 1962. La septième lettre. Le roman de Platon, Plon, Paris, 1964.Une femme pour l’Apocalypse, Éditions Julliard, Paris, 1968. El hombre de las nieblas, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona, 1970. El viaje a San Marcos, Magisterio Español, Madrid, 1972. Short stories
 El despertar de la sombra, Editora Nacional, Madrid, 1967. Informe último sobre el Reino H, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona, 1981. Moartea morții mele, Ed. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca, 1999.El fin del exilio. Cuentos de juventud, Criterio Libros, Madrid, 2002. Memoirs
 Journal d’un paysan du Danube, Table Ronde, Paris, 1966. Memoriile unui fost săgetător, Ed. Vremea, București, 2015. Essays
 Presencia del mito, Escelicer, Madrid, 1956. Poesía y libertad, Madrid, Ateneo, 1959.La rebeldia de los escritores soviéticos, Rialp, Madrid, 1960. Quaderno italiano, Pisa, 1962. Giovanni Papini, Wesmael-Charlier, Paris, 1963. Juan Dacio, Diccionario de los Papas. Prefacio de Vintila Horia. Editorial Destino, Barcelona 1963. (Juan Dacio is the pseudonym of Vintila <mask>.)Platon, personaje de novela, Ateneo, Madrid, 1964. España y otros mundos, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona, 1970. Viaje a los Centros de la Tierra, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona, 1971. Pepi Sánchez, Prensa Española, Madrid, 1972. Mester de novelista, Prensa Española, Madrid, 1972. Encuesta detrás de lo visible, Plaza y Janés, Barcelona,1975. Introducción a la literatura del siglo XX.(Ensayo de epistemología  literaria), Gredos, Madrid, 1976. Consideraciones sobre un mundo peor, Plaza y Janés, Madrid, 1978. Literatura y disidencia, Ed. Rioduero, Madrid, 1980. Los derechos humanos y la novela del siglo XX, Magisterio Español, Madrid, 1981. Mai bine mort decât comunist, Phoenix, București, 1990. Dicționarul Papilor, Editura Saeculum I.O., 1999.Poetry
 Procesiuni, Ed. Pavel Suru, București, 1936. Cetatea cu duhuri, Ed. Pavel Suru, București, 1939. Cartea omului singur, Ed. Pavel Suru, București, 1941. A murit un Sfânt, Valle Hermoso (Argentina), 1952.Poesia romaneasca noua. Antologie, Colecția “Meșterul Manole”, Salamanca, 1956. Jurnal de copilărie, Fundația Regală Universitară Carol I, Paris, 1958. Viitor petrecut, Salamanca, 1976. Books and PhD Thesis consecrated to Vintilă Horia

Books
 Sanda Stolojan, Au balcon de l’exil roumain à Paris: avec Cioran, Eugène Ionesco, Mircea Eliade, <mask> <mask>…, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1999. Crenguța Gânscă, <mask> <mask>. Al zecelea cerc: eseu despre o trilogie a exilului, Cluj-Napoca, Dacia, 2001.Marilena Rotaru, Întoarcerea lui Vintilă <mask>, Ideea, București, 2002. Cecilia Latiș, Arhitecturi paralele: Marguerite Yourcenar –Vintilă Horia, Suceava, Editura Universității din Suceava, 2003. Cecilia Latiș, Polifonii creatoare: paralelă între creația lui Marguerite Yourcenar și a lui Vintilă Horia, Suceava, Editura Universității din Suceava, 2003. Pompiliu Crăciunescu, <mask> <mask> - Translittérature et Réalité, Editura L’Homme Indivis, Veauche, Franța, 2008. Georgeta Orian, Vintilă Horia, un scriitor împotriva timpului său, Cluj-Napoca, Limes, 2008. Pompiliu Crăciunescu, <mask> <mask> - Transliteratură și Realitate, București, Curtea Veche, 2011. Sonia Elvireanu, Fața întunecată a lui Ianus – <mask> <mask>, Dumitru Țepeneag, Norman Manea, Gabriel Pleșa,  Editura Tipo Moldova, Colecția „Academica”, Iași, 2013.Nicolae Florescu, Vintilă Horia între „ieșirea din a exista și intrarea în a fi”, București, Editura Jurnalul Literar, 2014. Mihaela Albu and Dan Anghelescu, Eseistica lui Vintilă Horia – deschideri către transdisciplinaritate, Craiova, Aius, 2015. Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: "Mircea Eliade, Vintilă Horia și un istoric răpit prin Berlinul de est"
 Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: "Receptarea româneasca a primului scriitor străin laureat al premiului GONCOURT"
 Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: "Vintilă Horia exilat"
 Isabela Vasiliu-Scraba: "Vintilă Horia ca istoric al filozofiei româneşti"

PhD Thesis
 Monica Nedelcu, La obra literaria de Vintila Horia. El espacio del exilio en cuatro novelas francesas (L’œuvre littéraire de Vintila Horia. L’espace de l’exil dans quatre romans français), Complutense University of Madrid, Colección Tesis Doctorales, 1989. Claudia Drăgănoiu,  La prose littéraire d’exil : <mask> <mask>, Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu et L. M. Arcade (Proză literară de exil: Vintilă Horia, Constantin Virgil Gheorghiu și L. M. Arcade), Strasbourg, Faculté des Lettres, University of Strasbourg, 2011. Manuela Alexe, Représentations de l’espace dans la prose de Vintilă Horia (Reprezentări ale spațiului în proza lui Vintilă Horia), Școala doctorală de studii literare și culturale, University of Bucharest, 2012.Renata-Simona Georgescu, L’image de la Roumanie chez Vintilă Horia, Petru Dumitriu et Paul Goma, Facultatea de Litere, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, 2013. Alina Elena Costin, Vintilă Horia: Exil et création, Facultatea de Litere, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iași, 2013. Sonia Elvireanu, Fața întunecată a lui Ianus – <mask> <mask>, Dumitru Țepeneag, Norman Manea, Gabriel Pleșa, Facultatea de Istorie și Filologie, 1 Decembrie 1918 University, Alba Iulia, 2013. Notes

References
Z. Ornea, Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească, Editura Fundației Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995
 Excerpts from Wladimir Paskievici, <mask> <mask> - omul, opera și afacerea Premiului Goncourt
 Marilena Rotaru, "Întoarcerea lui Vintilă Horia (2)" (1990 interview with <mask> <mask>), on Memoria.ro
Richard Wagner, "A writer in the cold war", Neue Zürcher Zeitung, April 2, 2007 (available at signandsight.com on April 30, 2007)

1915 births
1992 deaths
People from Segarcea
Romanian male novelists
Romanian writers in French
Romanian diplomats
Romanian essayists
Romanian fascists
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian philosophers
Prix Goncourt winners
Gândirea
Romanian expatriates in Spain
Saint Sava National College alumni
Romanian people convicted of war crimes
People convicted by the Romanian People's Tribunals
People convicted in absentia
20th-century Romanian novelists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Romanian male writers
Far-right politics in Spain
University of Bucharest alumni
20th-century Romanian philosophers

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<mask>, MP  (Sinhala : සජිත් ප්‍රේමදාස, Tamil : சஜித் பிரேமதாச; born 12 January 1967) is a Sri Lankan politician. He is the current Leader of the Opposition of Sri Lanka  and Member of Parliament for Colombo District. He is the current leader of the Samagi Jana Balawegaya

Premadasa is the son of <mask>, the President of Sri Lanka (1989 – 1993). He was educated at Royal College, Colombo and Mill Hill School before entering London School of Economics. He was doing his postgraduate studies at the University of Maryland when his father was assassinated in 1993. He returned to Sri Lanka and entered politics, representing the Hambantota District, having joined the United National Party. He was elected to parliament in 2000 and was appointed Deputy Minister of Health in 2001, serving until 2004.He was appointed deputy leader of the United National Party in 2011 and was appointed Cabinet Minister of Housing and Samurdhi in President Sirisena's national government in 2015. He contested the 2019 Presidential Election in November 2019 as the Presidential Candidate from United National Front, in which he polled second. In December 2019, he was appointed as the leader of the opposition and a member of the Constitutional Council (Sri Lanka). On 30 January 2020, he was selected as the leader (hence Prime Ministerial candidate) of a new UNP lead alliance. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on 12 January 1967 in Colombo, to Ranasinghe <mask>, who was at the time Minister of Broadcasting and a Member of Parliament from the Colombo District and his wife Hema <mask>. He had one sister, Dulanjali. His father was elected as the President of Sri Lanka in 1989, having served as Prime Minister from 1977 to 1989.<mask> was schooled at St Thomas Preparatory College and Royal College, he sat for his ordinary (O/L) and advance level (A/L) examination at Mill Hill School, London. Premadasa won the A/L prize for politics and business studies and besides being appointed a prefect, also played in the first 11 cricket team for four years, captaining the side in 1986. A graduate of the London School of Economics (LSE) and of the University of London, his degree covered the areas of economics, politics and international relations, an education that served him in good stead later when he launched himself as a grassroots politician. He interned in the Foreign Relations Committee under Senator Larry Pressler, a Republican from South Dakota. Premadasa met many other influential senators, including John McCain and former presidential candidate John Kerry. Whilst he completing his master's degree in the United States he returned to Sri Lanka following his father's death. Early political career
<mask> entered Sri Lankan politics after the assassination of his father in 1993.Having joined his father's party the United National Party, he was appointed district organiser of the UNP for Hambantota District in 1994, where He launched several projects for poverty alleviation and housing development. He initiated the youth movement Tharuna Saviya; the People Development Foundation Jana Suwaya for poverty alleviation in Hambantota; and the Sasunata Aruna to aid Buddhist temples and Sunday schools in line with the 2600 Sambuddhathwa Jayanthi celebrations. Parliament
It was from the Hambantota district he contested the 2000 general election and entered parliament gaining 83 percent of the UNP preferential votes. He won 82 percent of the preferential votes in the 2001 general election, 84 percent in the 2004 general election, 89 percent in 2010 general election and 86% in 2015 general election. Deputy Minister of Health
He was appointed as the Deputy Minister of Health under the premiership of Ranil Wickramasinghe in 2001 and remained until 2004 when the Wickramasinghe government was dissolved by President Chandrika Kumaratunga. Party leadership
For the fourth general election in a row, <mask> won the highest percentage of preferential votes out of all United National Party candidates, which was just under 90 percent of United National Party votes in the Hambantota Electoral District. <mask> was elected as the deputy leader of the United National Party in 2011 and then removed from the position in 2013.However he was reappointed on 24 September 2014. Minister of Housing and Samurdhi
Following the 2015 Presidential Election, <mask> was appointed Minister of Housing and Samurdhi in the new cabinet formed in January 2015 by President Maithripala Sirisena. As housing minister, he initiated several national housing projects for lower and middle income families. These include Gamudawa, Jalthara Green Valley residencies, Homagama Mount Clifford. As samurdhi minister, he increase the samurdhi payment by twofold. With the addition of construction to his port folio, he initiated the Shelter For All 2025 objective and provided over 65,000 houses to low income families and initiated 2500 villages. 2019 Sri Lankan Presidential Election
The United National Party didn't field a presidential candidate in both 2010 and 2015 elections and supported a common candidate.Even though they won the 2015 election and elected Maithripala Sirisena through their support, relations between the president and the UNP was shaky from the beginning. The power struggle between the president and UNP prime minister Ranil Wickremesinghe led to the 2018 Sri Lankan constitutional crisis. In the aftermath of the events, most of the UNP members publicly expressed their regret supporting a common candidate in 2015 and promised to field their own presidential candidate in 2019 elections. Party leader Ranil Wickremesinghe was the obvious choice for the candidacy and he reportedly expressed his intentions to run for the presidency in a meeting with other senior members. Meanwhile, several rebel MPs including Mangala Samaraweera, Harin Fernando, Ajith Perera, Harsha de Silva, Sujeewa Senasinghe wanted deputy leader <mask> as the party's candidate and organised a rally in Badulla where Premadasa openly expressed his intentions to be the UNP candidate. With the growing support for <mask> and party leader Wickremesinghe refusing to make a move, Speaker of the parliament Karu Jayasuriya released a statement signalling his intention to run for presidency to end the confusion and avoid a rift within the party. The Premadasa faction gained strong support from the fellow party members through successful rallies in Matara, Kurunegala and Matugama.He was defeated by Gotabaya Rajapaksa who campaigned on a pro-nationalistic, economic development and national security platform in which Rajapaksa received 6,924,255 votes (52.25% of the total votes) and a 1,360,016 vote majority over <mask>, who polled 41.99% of the total votes. Rajapaksa won a majority in the predominant Sinhalese areas of the island which included the districts of Kalutara, Galle, Matara, Hambantota, Monaragala, Ratnapura, Badulla, Kurunegala, Puttalam, Gampaha, Kandy, Matale, Polonnaruwa Colombo, Kegalle and Anuradhapura, while Premadasa gained a majority in areas dominated by Tamil and Muslim minorities, which had been effected by the civil war. Following the election <mask> stepped down from all ministerial portfolios and posts including the post of Deputy Leader of the United National Party. Leader of the opposition
On 5 December 2019, he was nominated as the leader of the opposition and was officially named by the speaker on 3 January 2020. With his appointment as Leader of Opposition, he was automatically given a seat as a Member of Constitutional Council (Sri Lanka). Prime Minister Candidate and leader of Samagi Jana Balawegaya
Premadasa was selected by his party as the Prime Minister candidate from the United National Front on 30 January 2020. He was named the leader of the alliance after a majority of party front liners backed him over its leader Ranil Wickramasinghe.He was appointed as the newly formed Samagi Jana Balawegaya led by the United National Party to contest the next Prime Ministerial election. See also
 List of political families in Sri Lanka

References

External links

Biographies of Member of Parliament
Right Royal rally of old Royalists in the Sri Lanka Parliament

 'He has a fine sense of wit and humour'
 'Sajith urges reforms in UNP where power is centered'
 'Sajith Ready For More Responsibility'

1967 births
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Alumni of S. Thomas' Preparatory School, Kollupitiya
Alumni of the London School of Economics
Leaders of the Opposition (Sri Lanka)
Candidates in the 2019 Sri Lankan presidential election
Housing ministers of Sri Lanka
Living people
Members of the 11th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 12th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 13th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
People educated at Mill Hill School
Sajith
Sinhalese politicians
Sri Lankan Buddhists
Samagi Jana Balawegaya politicians
United National Party politicians

masks:
Sajith Premadasa
Ranasinghe Premadasa
Sajith
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa
Premadasa


texts:
<mask> of Metapontum (; , Híppasos; c. 530 – c. 450 BC) was a Greek philosopher and early follower of Pythagoras. Little is known about his life or his beliefs, but he is sometimes credited with the discovery of the existence of irrational numbers. The discovery of irrational numbers is said to have been shocking to the Pythagoreans, and Hippasus is supposed to have drowned at sea, apparently as a punishment from the gods for divulging this. However, the few ancient sources which describe this story either do not mention Hippasus by name (e.g. Pappus) or alternatively tell that Hippasus drowned because he revealed how to construct a dodecahedron inside a sphere. The discovery of irrationality is not specifically ascribed to Hippasus by any ancient writer. Life
Little is known about the life of Hippasus.He may have lived in the late 5th century BC, about a century after the time of Pythagoras. Metapontum in Italy (Magna Graecia) is usually referred to as his birthplace, although according to Iamblichus some claim Metapontum to be his birthplace, while others the nearby city of Croton. Hippasus is recorded under the city of Sybaris in Iamblichus list of each city's Pythagoreans. He also states that Hippasus was the founder of a sect of the Pythagoreans called the Mathematici () in opposition to the Acusmatici (); but elsewhere he makes him the founder of the Acusmatici in opposition to the Mathematici. Iamblichus says about the death of Hippasus:
It is related to Hippasus that he was a Pythagorean, and that, owing to his being the first to publish and describe the sphere from the twelve pentagons, he perished at sea for his impiety, but he received credit for the discovery, though really it all belonged to HIM (for in this way they refer to Pythagoras, and they do not call him by his name). According to Iamblichus (ca. 245-325 AD, 1918 translation) in The life of Pythagoras, by Thomas Taylor
There were also two forms of philosophy, for the two genera of those that pursued it: the Acusmatici and the Mathematici.The latter are acknowledged to be Pythagoreans by the rest but the Mathematici do not admit that the Acusmatici derived their instructions from Pythagoras but from Hippasus. The philosophy of the Acusmatici consisted in auditions unaccompanied with demonstrations and a reasoning process; because it merely ordered a thing to be done in a certain way and that they should endeavor to preserve such other things as were said by him, as divine dogmas. Memory was the most valued faculty. All these auditions were of three kinds; some signifying what a thing is; others what it especially is, others what ought or ought not to be done. (p. 61)

Doctrines
Aristotle  speaks of Hippasus as holding the element of fire to be the cause of all things; and Sextus Empiricus contrasts him with the Pythagoreans in this respect, that he believed the arche to be material, whereas they thought it was incorporeal, namely, number. Diogenes Laërtius tells us that Hippasus believed that "there is a definite time which the changes in the universe take to complete, and that the universe is limited and ever in motion." According to one statement, Hippasus left no writings, according to another he was the author of the Mystic Discourse, written to bring Pythagoras into disrepute.A scholium on Plato's Phaedo notes him as an early experimenter in music theory, claiming that he made use of bronze disks to discover the fundamental musical ratios, 4:3, 3:2, and 2:1. Irrational numbers
Hippasus is sometimes credited with the discovery of the existence of irrational numbers, following which he was drowned at sea. Pythagoreans preached that all numbers could be expressed as the ratio of integers, and the discovery of irrational numbers is said to have shocked them. However, the evidence linking the discovery to Hippasus is confused. Pappus merely says that the knowledge of irrational numbers originated in the Pythagorean school, and that the member who first divulged the secret perished by drowning. Iamblichus gives a series of inconsistent reports. In one story he explains how a Pythagorean was merely expelled for divulging the nature of the irrational; but he then cites the legend of the Pythagorean who drowned at sea for making known the construction of the regular dodecahedron in the sphere.In another account he tells how it was <mask> who drowned at sea for betraying the construction of the dodecahedron and taking credit for this construction himself; but in another story this same punishment is meted out to the Pythagorean who divulged knowledge of the irrational. Iamblichus clearly states that the drowning at sea was a punishment from the gods for impious behaviour. These stories are usually taken together to ascribe the discovery of irrationals to Hippasus, but whether he did or not is uncertain. In principle, the stories can be combined, since it is possible to discover irrational numbers when constructing dodecahedra. Irrationality, by infinite reciprocal subtraction, can be easily seen in the Golden ratio of the regular pentagon. Some scholars in the early 20th century credited Hippasus with the discovery of the irrationality of . Plato in his Theaetetus, describes how Theodorus of Cyrene (c. 400 BC) proved the irrationality of , , etc.up to , which implies that an earlier mathematician had already proved the irrationality of . Aristotle referred to the method for a proof of the irrationality of , and a full proof along these same lines is set out in the proposition interpolated at the end of Euclid's Book X, which suggests that the proof was certainly ancient. The method is a proof by contradiction, or reductio ad absurdum, which shows that, if the diagonal of a square is assumed to be commensurable with the side, then the same number must be both odd and even. In the hands of modern writers this combination of vague ancient reports and modern guesswork has sometimes evolved into a much more emphatic and colourful tale. Some writers have Hippasus making his discovery while on board a ship, as a result of which his Pythagorean shipmates toss him overboard; while one writer even has Pythagoras himself "to his eternal shame" sentencing Hippasus to death by drowning, for showing "that  is an irrational number." References

External links

<mask> of Metapontum at scienceworld.wolfram.com

5th-century BC Greek people
5th-century BC philosophers
Ancient Greek mathematicians
Ancient Greek physicists
Ancient Metapontines
Irrational numbers
Pythagoreans of Magna Graecia
Pythagoreans
5th-century BC mathematicians

masks: Hippasus Hippasus Hippasus


texts:
<mask>'Flaherty (1821– New York, 27 December 1886), also known as William Stuart, was an Irish MP who hurriedly emigrated to the United States in 1854. In New York City he was the business partner of the actor-managers Dion Boucicault and Edwin Booth, and with them leased and managed the Winter Garden Theatre. He managed the New Park Theatre on Broadway from 1874 to 1876. Biography

Early life
A native of Knockbane, Moycullen, Galway, he was educated at Eton when Cardinal Wiseman was headmaster. O'Flaherty became the private secretary to the Duke of Newcastle, who wanted to forge an alliance between the Peelite party and that of the Irish MP's. O'Flaherty's ability was recognised by the Duke, who employed him as an emissary to Ireland, and gave him a Commissionership of Income Tax in Galway. He was active in Irish politics in the middle years of the 19th century.Described as "a man of great warmth, cleverness and inexhaustible resource", he was a friend of William Keogh and John Sadleir. In 1854 he disappeared from London and rumours were current throughout the city that warrants were out against him for forgery. Persons concerned included Lord Bolingbroke, Lord Dunkellin, Bernal Osborne and Sir William Gregory, the late Governor of Ceylon. 'William Stuart'
O'Flaherty escaped via Denmark (which had no extradition treaty with Britain) to the U.S. under the alias of 'Captain William Stuart'. To earn a living he began by writing for the papers, made some money, and began a partnership with the actor Dion Boucicault, another expatriate Irishman. Together they leased Wallack's Theatre in 1855-1856, and put on a short season at the Washington Theatre in Washington D.C.

After this they took over the Winter Garden Theatre, where Stuart was joint lessee and manager. It opened in September 1859 with John Jefferson in Boucicault's Dot, an adaptation of Charles Dickens's The Cricket on the Hearth.Boucicault's The Octoroon opened on 8 December 8, 1859, but arguments over money and ownership of the play led to Boucicault and his wife Agnes leaving for Laura Keene's Theatre at 622-624 Broadway, and then for England. Stuart remained at the Winter Garden. He was still heavily involved in recruiting American help for a free Ireland, as a letter dated October 5, 1861 from New York to John O'Mahony, later founder of the Fenian Brotherhood makes clear:

"I would remind [the expectants] that another famine ever imperils Ireland, the result of a wet summer and harvest. If matters go on thus much longer there will be no Irish Nation for us to free. If we are to redeem our country, we must do it soon, or not at all [...]

"I now leave our cause in the hands of her patriot sons in America [...] I trust the 'Centres' throughout the States will rally round you. If they work they will get all the power required and Ireland must be free. If they fail in their duty, to God and their Country, then is Ireland doomed—doomed to become an integral part of the British Empire as Scotland, once Celtic and now Saxon—more Saxon than England herself.[I pray] that Heaven will send us labourers for the work. Edwin Booth joined Stuart as co-lessee in the management of the Winter Garden On 21 February 1863. On November 26, 1864, Booth played the lead role in the first of what became known as the “100 nights Hamlet", a record which stood for fifty-six years. The Winter Garden Theatre burned down 23 March 1867. Stuart at the time of the discovery was in his sleeping apartment in the theatre, only partially dressed, and was compelled to leave his watch and pocket-book on the table when he made his hurried exit. Stuart, who was wholly uninsured, barely escaped with his life. A performance of The Black Crook on 27 March 1867 at Niblo's Garden was given as a benefit for him.Stuart turned to writing for the New York Herald for some time, and again in partnership with Boucicault built the New Park Theatre in 1873–1874. However, Boucicault withdrew just before the theatre opened, and Stuart teamed up instead with the actor, playwright and theatre manager Charles Fechter as stage manager. The New Park Theatre opened on 13 April or 15 April 1874 with Stuart as manager, and Fechter appearing in his own play Love's Penance, an adaptation of Le médecin des enfants by Count d'Avrigny. Edwin Booth, who had been with Stuart at the Winter Garden, was fairly scathing about the whole enterprise:

"I should like to hear of Stuart's success - but I doubt it, for I fear Fechter is unlucky, & Stuart really possesses very little, if any theatrical business capacity. F's remarkable talents both as actor and as stage manager shd. ensure the success of any theatre - could he be managed; otherwise I doubt the safety of any enterprise he has to do with." Love's Penance closed on May 6, 1874, and shortly after Fechter withdrew from the management and retired.Stuart continued to run the New Park Theatre until the fall of 1876 when he sold it to Henry E. Abbey. Retirement and death
O'Flaherty/Stuart had become successful and again famous for his hospitality and parties. It was well known that there was something against him, but it was presumed that he left England being unable to pay his debts. Englishmen of great position, on their return from America, told how they had been entertained by the pleasantest and wittiest of Irishmen, Captain Stuart. He spent the large income he was making, fell into poverty, and died in New York on 27 December 1886. Justin Huntly McCarthy, M.P., wrote of him:
[John Sadleir's] lieutenants were his brother, James Sadleir, Mr. William Keogh, and Mr. <mask>'Flaherty: these men were all adventurers, and most of them swindlers. O'Flaherty became Commissioner of Income Tax.Then they broke up. John Sadleir had embezzled, swindled, forged; he ruined half Ireland with his fraudulent bank; he made use of his position under Government to embezzle public money. O’Flaherty hurried to Denmark, where there was no extradition treaty, and then to New York, where he lived under another name, a familiar figure in certain circles of New York society, famous as a diner-out, as a good story-teller, and a humourist—a sort of combination of Brillat-Savarin and the later Richelieu, with a dash of Gines de Pasamonte. See also

 Muintir Murchada
 Iar Connacht
 Murchadh an Chapail Ua Flaithbheartaigh, King of Maigh Seóla/Iar Connacht, died 1036. O'Flaherty

References
Notes

Sources

External links
Samuel J. Maguire Profile of <mask>'Flaherty M.P. (Galway Library, Ireland)

Further reading
"Death of William Stuart", New-York Tribune, December 29, 1886:5, col. 5. Online at Library of Congress."William Stuart Dies Suddenly", The Sun (New York), December 29, 1886:2, col. 5. Online at Library of Congress. Untitled remembrance, The Sun (New York), December 30, 1886:2, col. 3, bottom. Online at Library of Congress. "William Stuart Buried", The Sun (New York), January 1, 1887:2, col.6. Online at Library of Congress. People educated at Eton College
1821 births
1886 deaths
Politicians from County Galway

masks:
Edmund O
Edmund O
Edmund O


texts:
<mask> (23 January 1932 – 7 January 1964) was an English blues musician, and one of the first blues harmonica players in England. Biography
Born at St Mildred's, 15 Hawthorn Drive, Willowbank, Denham, Buckinghamshire, he was the son of <mask>, a labourer, and his wife Margaret Mary (née Jones). He had an elder brother named Glyn, and the family is believed to have come from Wales. <mask> began his career in the early 1950s first within Steve Lane's Southern Stompers, then in 1955 formed an acoustic skiffle and blues group with Alexis Korner. He began as a banjo and 12-string guitar player before becoming a Chicago-style blues harmonica player after hearing Little Walter. Working by day as a panel beater, he ran an unsuccessful skiffle club before meeting Korner, then <mask> and Korner opened a London Rhythm and Blues club "England's Firstest and Bestest Skiffle Club", later known as the "London Blues and Barrelhouse Club". Popular with other musicians, the club hosted gigs by blues musicians such as Muddy Waters, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee and Memphis Slim.During this period <mask> and Korner worked as session musicians, and often backed Ottilie Patterson during her featured set with husband  Chris Barber's band, using amplified instruments for the first time – which did not go down well with their blues purist audience and many fellow musicians. After closing the blues club, <mask> and Korner went their separate ways, and, influenced by Muddy Waters electric sound, <mask> formed his own electric blues band. The Ealing Club and Blues Incorporated

In 1961, Chris Barber recruited <mask> and Korner to play harmonica and electric guitar in accompanying Barber's band regularly at its Wednesday and Friday night sets at the Marquee Club, a popular London jazz club. This opportunity granted <mask> and Korner some exposure to the London music scene, but the duo wished to focus more on blues and R&B. The two decided to found their own rhythm and blues group and, in a show of support, Barber offered them the intermission slot at the Marquee on Wednesday nights. Korner supplied musicians for the rhythm sections, and <mask> recruited Art Wood and Long John Baldry to be the vocalists. They named the group Blues Incorporated, and their initial performances at the Marquee were very well received.However, they realized the need for additional performance opportunities and, since most jazz and folk clubs in London were wary of electric guitars, <mask> and Korner decided to found their own club at which they could perform. In 1962 they founded the Ealing Club, which featured performances by both Blues Incorporated and other Trad jazz outfits popular in England at the time. The club proved to be a popular sensation in the burgeoning R&B scene, and attracted such far-flung admirers and future stars as Mick Jagger and Eric Burdon. Jagger was in the audience for the second night at the club and got up to sing "Got My Mojo Working". Later success

In June 1962 they recorded R&B from the Marquee, actually recorded in Decca Records' studio. After touring the UK and headlining a residency at the Marquee, by October 1962 there was musical tension in the band as some members wanted to play crowd pleasers like Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley songs while <mask> and others members were blues purists who wanted to play what they saw as only genuine Chicago-style R&B. Following his departure from Blues Incorporated in October 1962, <mask> then formed the <mask> All-Stars in November 1962 and recorded five tracks for Pye Records, who had announced an R&B label featuring music imported from <mask>' favourite Chicago musicians ("Country Line Special", "Chicago Calling", "Preachin' the Blues", "Sweet Mary" and "Someday Baby").The original line-up was largely recruited from Screaming Lord Sutch's Savages, and featured both Long John Baldry and <mask> on vocals to give <mask> room to play harmonica. The band, later known simply as the All-Stars was subject to frequent personnel changes. After contracting pleurisy in 1963, <mask> began to drink heavily to assuage the pain while undergoing a heavy touring schedule. He died in January 1964, after collapsing during an engagement at a night club on Eel Pie Island, Twickenham in London. The official cause of death was given as endocarditis, although leukaemia is often quoted. The core band was taken over by Long John Baldry and formed the basis of his 'Hoochie Coochie Men'. In October 2014 the compilation entitled Preachin' The Blues: The <mask> Memorial Album was finally released on GVC Records (GVC2040) in Great Britain.See also
List of blues musicians
List of British blues musicians
List of harmonicists
British blues

Bibliography
 Bob Brunning, Blues: The British Connection, London: Helter Skelter Publishing, 2002,  – First edition 1986 – Second edition 1995 Blues in Britain
 Bob Brunning, The Fleetwood Mac Story: Rumours and Lies, London: Omnibus Press, 1990 and 1998,
 Martin Celmins, Peter Green – Founder of Fleetwood Mac, London: Sanctuary, 1995, foreword by B.B.King,
 Fancourt, L. (1989), British blues on record (1957–1970), Retrack Books. Dick Heckstall-Smith, The safest place in the world: A personal history of British Rhythm and blues, London: Quartet Books Limited, 1989,   – Second Edition: Blowing The Blues – Fifty Years Playing The British Blues, 2004, Clear Books,
 Christopher Hjort, Strange brew: Eric Clapton and the British blues boom, 1965–1970, foreword by John Mayall, Jawbone 2007,
 Paul Myers, Long John Baldry and the Birth of the British Blues, Vancouver 2007, GreyStone Books,
 Harry Shapiro Alexis Korner: The Biography, London: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 1997, Discography by Mark Troster,
 Schwartz, R. F. (2007), How Britain got the blues: The transmission and reception of American blues style in the United Kingdom, Ashgate, . Mike Vernon, The Blue Horizon story 1965–1970 vol.1, notes of the booklet of the Box Set (60 pages)

References

External links
 <mask> website. [ Biography] at Allmusic

1932 births
1964 deaths
English blues musicians
Blues harmonica players
Harmonica blues musicians
People from Denham, Buckinghamshire
Deaths from leukemia
British rhythm and blues boom musicians
20th-century English musicians
Deaths from endocarditis
All-Stars (band) members
Blues Incorporated members

masks:
Cyril Davies
William Albert Davies
Cyril Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Cyril Davies
Davies
Cyril Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Cyril Davies
Cyril Davies


texts:
<mask> (August 9, 1921 – May 7, 2021) was an American Christian evangelist, author, and television station owner who was based in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio from the 1950s until his death in 2021. <mask> was a native of Mooresville, Iredell County, North Carolina. In his autobiography, he details his early life being raised in the Charlotte, North Carolina, area as a Baptist, and at the age of 18 accepting Jesus Christ as his Savior. In the early 1950s, he moved to Northeast Ohio as a traveling "salvation and healing" Pentecostal evangelist. Facilities

Grace Cathedral
Angley's non-denominational ministry was originally based at Grace Cathedral (a.k.a. the "Temple of Healing Stripes") in Springfield Township, Ohio, southeast of Akron. That church is now known as Grace Cathedral – Akron and is used by their youth ministry and for church weddings, funerals, and Bible study.In 1984, <mask> purchased part of a large complex in his home base of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, that was formerly owned by televangelist Rex Humbard, which includes the church formerly known as the Cathedral of Tomorrow (which was rededicated as Grace Cathedral) and its next-door television studios. Humbard's Cathedral of Tomorrow complex was sold in 1984 to television evangelist <mask>, along with the Channel 55 license, which was used by Angley's Winston Broadcasting Network division for WBNX-TV. This complex now includes the Grace Cathedral, channel 55's studios and offices, as well as other companies which lease space. Online Bible college
Angley began an online Bible college through his website in 2011 with the purpose of providing Bible study courses for laymen, missionaries, teachers and pastors. It is not an accredited college or school of divinity. Boeing 747SP
<mask>'s ministry once operated a Boeing 747SP, named Star Triple Seven and bearing registration P4-FSH, which was used to transport missionaries and humanitarian aid internationally. The P4- tail number indicated that the aircraft was registered in Aruba.Subsequent reports indicated that the airplane was too large to fit any hangar at its home field and was only used once or twice per year. In September of 2019 it was reported the plane was in disrepair and had not been flown for over nineteen months, with church funds being unable to provide $140,000 for needed repairs. Broadcasts
<mask>'s signature weekly one-hour program The <mask> Hour could previously be seen throughout North America as well as internationally via broadcast stations, internet streaming, cable and satellite channels. Angley also had hosted The 90 & 9 Club, named in reference to Matthew 18:12–13, weekdays on his ministry owned TV station WBNX-TV 55 in Cleveland, Ohio until recent years due to age/health issues. Additional airings of both shows as well as gospel music programming also aired on secondary digital channel 55.2. Controversies

Claim that Jesus heals HIV/AIDS
Angley's Christian faith-based teachings, in particular his claims (based on the Biblical scripture Mark 9:23 "Jesus said unto him, If thou canst believe, all things are possible to him that believeth.") that AIDS and other diseases can be cured by God's healing power, were met with skepticism in South Africa.In March 2007, the Advertising Standards Authority (South Africa), after receiving a complaint, cancelled a newspaper ad for <mask>'s ministry, based on lack of preliminary filing of medical documentation at that time for healing of AIDS through prayer. <mask> later claimed to have verifiable medical documentation from former AIDS patients that he offered to submit to any country that required it. In the same 2007 television broadcast, he displayed what he claimed was medical documentation from four alleged former HIV-positive patients of their negative tests results. <mask>'s claims were criticized by Guyanese officials. Health Minister Dr. Leslie Ramsammy released a statement condemning <mask>: "We are unaware of the existence, to date, of any cure anywhere in the world for the HIV infection, and there has been no scientific documentation of any cure for AIDS. Anyone who promotes the misrepresentation that there is a religious-based cure for HIV is involved in an obscene exploitation of people’s vulnerability." Murder at church-owned restaurant
In 1999, Shane Partin, a 27-year-old former staff member at Cathedral Buffet, stabbed and killed a volunteer, 15-year-old Cassandra Blondheim.Blondheim had previously complained to buffet management about Partin's romantic advances, resulting in Partin's dismissal. However, Partin was later allowed to return as a volunteer. Partin was sentenced to 15 years to life in prison. Partin was denied parole in his first attempt in 2013. His next early release hearing will occur in 2023. Angley's ministry paid $100,000 in a settlement to Blondheim's family. Volunteer staffing of church-owned restaurant
In March 2017, Angley was ordered to pay $388,000 in damages and back wages to a group of unpaid employees at the Cathedral Buffet whom Angley considered unpaid volunteers.The eating establishment is owned by the church. A few witnesses for the prosecution, who were former members of his church, said they felt pressured to volunteer as waiters, busters and cash-register operators. This was the second time Angley had been cited for the same offense, the first in 1999, when he was ordered to pay $37,000 in back wages. The presiding judge added damages to the 2017 claim due to it being his second offense. Angley defended the Cathedral Buffet, stating he believed nothing wrong had been done, since the buffet served a religious purpose and the government's claims were a violation of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. <mask>'s attorneys expected an appeal to be filed and one said he does not believe the findings that many volunteers felt coerced into working for free will hold-up on appeal. He said he spoke with about 75 people who worked at the buffet who said they did not feel pressured to work there.On April 18, 2017, Angley's ministry closed the Cathedral Buffet to the public. The United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit ruled in Angley's favor, concluding that the cafeteria workers had no expectation of being paid. Sexual abuse allegations
Angley, who has spoken out against homosexuality as a sin, has been accused of sexual abuse by former Grace Cathedral pastor Rev. Brock Miller. The abuse included genital touching and naked massage. Miller filed a lawsuit against <mask> and claims that he was abused for nine years. A settlement was reached between Angley and Miller in February 2020, the terms of which included a non-disparagement clause.A 1996 tape recording of Angley admitting to sexual relations with a different man was subsequently leaked by an anonymous source. Allegations of further sexual abuses, including forced vasectomies and abortions, have been reported by the Akron Beacon Journal and Forbes. Legacy
Comedian Robin Williams included a satire of <mask> in his stage routine as "Reverend Earnest Angry". The Prog Rock band Genesis did a song inspired by Angley called "Jesus He Knows Me". In the video, Phil Collins was imitating him. Death
Angley died on May 7, 2021, at age 99. Bibliography
The author of many books as well as gospel songs, Angley's website states that he has donated all royalties from his books to the outreach ministry.Books

Hurry Friday!. (Autobiography) (June 2004) Library of Congress catalog 2005615251
Raptured. (A novel about the second coming of Christ based on a dispensational interpretation of biblical prophecy.) (First published 1950) Library of Congress catalog 2003611031
Faith in God Heals the Sick. (Biblical teaching on how to receive and keep physical healing from the Lord.) Untying God's Hands. (Many subjects including marriage, dating and ministry of angels are dealt with in this book.)Cell 15. (The true story of the imprisonment of <mask> in Germany for preaching the Gospel.) God's Rainbow of Promises. (Scriptures from the Bible to cover a person's needs in times of trouble.) The Deceit of Lucifer. (Biblical answers to questions about hypnosis, visualization, astrology, demonology.) Library of Congress catalog 89827508
Leeching of the Mind.(Dealing with depression and exposing the inner working of Lucifer in the human mind.) The Power of Bible Fasting (Comprehensive book with Old and New Testament scriptures about Bible fasting.) The Reality of the Person of the Holy Spirit Volumes 1–4. (Reveals the works of the Holy Spirit throughout the Old and New Testament scriptures and how the Holy Spirit affects the lives of people.) Prosperity:  Spiritual, Physical, Financial  (Biblical insights and teachings concerning God's plan of prosperity) Copyright 2001. Weeds in Eden  (Describes the cost to God and man of minds overrun with the weeds of disobedience and rebellion.) The Unforgivable Sin.(A look into how a human can blaspheme against the Holy Ghost and how to avoid those paths.) Library of Congress catalog 2001615038
Reality of the Blood Volumes 1–4. (Biblical insight concerning the divine blood of Jesus and its power of deliverance.) Love is the Road. (Discovering how to walk the paths of life using God's love and promises.) Living Free From Sin. (Volumes 1 & 2; Can a saved person be lost?Two comprehensive books dealing with the belief of 'Unconditional' Eternal Security, and how one can live free from sin. [Copyright 2007 & 2008])
The Mind of Christ. (How one can take on the Mind of Christ. [Copyright 2005])
Battles of the Mind!...peace be still. (How one can be free from the battles of the mind. [Copyright 2008])
Reality of the Blood Vol. 5: Don't Waste the Blood (How to use the divine blood of Jesus to defeat the devil every day.[Copyright 2010])
Healing From Heaven, Vol. 1  (How to receive miracles and healings from God. [Copyright 2012])
"Healing from Heaven, Vol. 2"  (Further details the vision of Ezekiel on the wheels. [Copyright 2012])
The War is on... Armageddon  (A novel based on Biblical truth; the sequel to "Raptured". [Copyright 2012])

Family life/Personal
<mask> married the former Esther Lee "Angel" Sikes (October 28, 1921 – December 28, 1970) on November 25, 1943; they continued in ministry together and remained married until her death in 1970. References

External links
Ernest Angley Ministries

1921 births
2021 deaths
American Pentecostal pastors
American television evangelists
Former Baptists
People from Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio
People from Gastonia, North Carolina
Writers from North Carolina
Writers from Ohio
20th-century American clergy
21st-century American clergy

masks:
Ernest Winston Angley
Ernest Angley
Angley
Ernest Angley
Ernest Angley
Ernest Angley
Ernest Angley
Angley
Angley
Angley
Angley
Angley
Angley
Angley
Ernest Angley
Angley


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<mask> (18 March 1892 - 28 January 1968) was a German abstract painter. His late work evolved into constructivism; he is considered a precursor of Op Art. <mask> was born in Esslingen am Neckar, the third child of businessman, <mask>, and his wife Paulina Maria (born 18 March 1892 in Esslingen). After graduation he studied from 1908 at the Kunstgewerbeschule in Stuttgart, and in 1911 moved to the Royal Academy of Arts, where he studied with <mask> and Robert Poetzelberger. After a brief spell as a staff illustrator and painter in the Municipal Office of Health Care Exhibition, Stuttgart, and at the workshop on graphic art under <mask>, in 1914 he was drafted into military service. The following year he was on the Eastern Front and so badly wounded, that he was discharged from military service. Temporarily, he designed book covers for Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, and the JB Metzler's Verlagsbuchhandlung, both in Stuttgart.Through the intercession of his half-sister Louise Lotte Volger, who was employed as Moulageuse at the Cantonal Hospital of Zurich, in 1917 he received a job there. <mask> worked until July 1928 (with interruptions) as a scientific illustrator in Zurich. Many of the products manufactured by him in plaster casts are preserved and on display at the University Hospital of Zurich. In 1921, Fleischmann participated in the exhibition of the New Munich Secession. Here he was particularly inspired by Franz Marc and other Expressionists. As a result, he drew expressionist paintings. This was followed by work trips to Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Paris, but also in Germany (Berlin and Hamburg).In 1925, he was influenced by cubism. In 1928, he took part in the "Juryfreien" exhibitions in Stuttgart and Berlin, and again participated in the "New Secession", Munich. From 1933 to 1936, he spent a long time in Mallorca and Paris. From 1936 to 1938, he traveled with Bertha Loof, through Italy and stayed mainly on Ischia. In July 1938, his son was born Dieter Loof, who died at the age of about four years. Since he was now producing abstract painting, he avoided a possible confrontation with the National Socialist regime by moving to France. In Paris, he joined the "Équipe" group.In this way he met influential artists, such as Robert Delaunay and Albert Gleizes. There, he helped the Resistance against the German occupiers. By the end of the war, he lived in various places in southern France, especially in Graulhet, Tarn (department). Several times he was interned, then in camp, "Les Milles" in Aix-en-Provence, from which he managed to escape, in October 1940. At the end of 1944, <mask> returned from his hideout in southern France back in liberated Paris, where he found a completely devastated studio, with only remnants of his paintings, the work of many years. He literally, "I experienced a nervous breakdown." But with the help of his French friends, he could soon begin his artistic work again, and get involved until his emigration to the U.S. in 1952, participated in exhibitions in Paris.Under the pressure of a violent anti-German feeling, he signed in the early postwar period works with the pseudonym Richard, his middle name. In the catalog of Realitéts Nouvelles No. 1, 1947, is a picture of him. He did not use the pseudonym of Richard in the United States. At the end of the war and in the early postwar years had a brief first Fleischmann "geometric phase" in the sense of concrete art, which he resigned but was soon in favor of less stringent designs. He joined the group at Réalités nouvelles and moved to Paris for a few years. He earned his living with designs for posters, magazine titles, wallpaper and fabrics (such as towels for Dior).In 1948, he married Elly Abendstern, and in the same year he had his first solo exhibition in the gallery Creuze in Paris. In 1950, Fleischmann wrote again to the geometric shape, but less in terms of concrete art, but rather in the context of serial painting. He thus became an early precursor of Op Art. At the age of nearly 60 years he had developed his own distinctive style, characterized by rhythmic grouped narrow strips that are integrated into narrow angle. In 1951 he exhibited his latest works at the Galerie Colette Allendy. He was a member of American Abstract Artists. Then he was offered better job opportunities in the U.S., he moved to New York in 1952.Here he lived both as a staff artist, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, as well as a freelance painter. Solo exhibitions and experiments with cardboard and similar materials to accompany his New York time. In 1958, he went on visits back to Europe for almost three months, and in this period also saw the subtle change in the severity of his geometric style in favor of looser lines, stripes and figurations. As before, he remained committed to the geometry, but his images were softer. In 1962, he became seriously ill. During 1963 and 1964, he spent 16 months in Stuttgart. In this period the "Metamorphoses" images: the individual L-forms are pulled together as blocks. Fleischmann went back to New York in late 1964, where he suffered a severe stroke in 1965.Because of improved medical treatment he returned to Stuttgart. There was held the 1966 Adolf Fleischmann-anniversary exhibition at the Württemberg Art Association, which made him famous overnight, and marked his breakthrough in Germany. In the next two years he created, despite a partial paralysis, twenty relief-like collages. Fleischmann died on 28 January 1968 in Stuttgart, aged 75, of the after-effects of a stroke; he was buried at the Ebershaldenfriedhof in Esslingen. Legacy
In 1973, it was the first large-<mask>leischmann retrospectives at the Ulmer Museum, and in 1987 at the Westfälische Landesmuseum in Münster, and the Saarland Museum Modern Gallery. In 2009, a retrospective was held at the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart. See also
 List of German painters

Sources
Georg W. Költzsch (ed) <mask>, Katalog zur Retrospektive, Moderne Galerie des Saarland-Museums, Saarbrücken 1987,
Renate Deniz (ed) Vater gesucht - Maler gefunden..... <mask>. Fleischmann, 2009,

References

External links
Official website
"<mask>mann exhibition catalogues and announcements, 1955-1975".SIRIS
<mask>ischmann exhibition catalogues and announcements, 1955-1975
http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=2977155
 Cats in Art

1892 births
1968 deaths
Abstract painters
German abstract artists
German military personnel of World War I
People from Esslingen am Neckar
People from the Kingdom of Württemberg

masks:
Adolf Richard Fleischmann
Life Fleischmann
Wilhelm Adolf Fleischmann
Adolf Hoelzel
Paul Hahn Fleischmann
Fleischmann
Adolf Fleischmann
Adolf F
Adolf Fleischmann
Adolf R
Adolf Fleisch
Adolf Fle


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<mask> (; born <mask>; 21 September 1960) is former Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, from August 9, 2017, to  September 1, 2021. She previously headed Department of Environment from 1997 to 2005, making her the first female member in the cabinet of Iran since 1979 and the third in history. She held the same level of office from 2013 to 2017. She is a full Professor at Tarbiat Modares University in the School of Medical Sciences, Immunology Department. Ebtekar was nicknamed "Mary", when she was the spokeswoman of the students who took hostages and occupied the US Embassy in 1979. Later she became the head of the Environment Protection Organization of Iran during the administration of President Mohammad Khatami, and was a city councilwoman of Tehran from 2007 to 2013. Education and family
Ebtekar was born in Tehran as Masoumeh, Niloufar Ebtekar in a middle-class family.Her first name translates to "Innocent Water Lily" in English. Ebtekar's father studied at the University of Pennsylvania, and she lived with her parents in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, just outside Philadelphia. During her six years in Philadelphia, she developed "near-perfect, American-accented English." Returning to Iran she enrolled in Iranzamin (Tehran International School). Later after graduation as a student, she became a supporter of the political Islam of Ali Shariati and began wearing a traditional black chador covering everything except her face. Ebtekar holds a BSc degree in laboratory science from Shahid Beheshti University,  a MSc and PhD in immunology from Tarbiat Modares University in 1995, where she still teaches. Ebtekar is married to Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi who is a businessman in the private sector.They have two children. Academic career
Ebtekar has served as faculty member at Tarbiat Modares University, which is a postgraduate academic center located in Tehran. As an associate professor in Immunology, she has taught, supervised and advised PhD and MSc students. Ebtekar currently teaches cytokines, viral immunology, HIV vaccines, aging, immunology of the nervous system and psychoneuroimmunology. She has currently filed 66 ISI scientific articles in the field of immunology in Scopus in her name. In her speech to the Eleventh International Congress of Immunology in Tehran, she mentioned the detrimental effect of sanctions on the advancement of science in Iran and noted that sanctions should not be directed against nations. Ebtekar is a member of several research board committees and a reviewer for two international and four national immunology journals.Ebtekar was  promoted to full Professorship in Jan 2019 and elected as Immunology & Allergy Association in 2018. Claims of scientific misconduct
On 7 October 2008, eTBLAST, a text similarity search engine on MEDLINE database, noted that 85% of a paper published by Masoumeh Ebtekar came from several previously published articles. The paper, on cytokines and air pollution, was published in 2006 in the Iran Journal of Allergy Asthma Immunology (IJAAI) 5 47-56:2006. A couple weeks after the eTBLAST report, Nature covered the story, quoting one of the authors of original papers, (Ian Mudway, a toxicologist at the King's College London) as saying, "the article is a veritable patchwork of other people's work, word for word, grammatical error for grammatical error." Nature also stated that Ebtekar had not replied to its emails. In response, the editor-in-chief of the IJAAI issued a statement saying: "We regret for this duplication that appeared in the journal. We are working with the editors of the JACI journal [the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, a scholarly periodical that published three of the papers from which Ebtekar had copied] to find the best solution in this regard."In December 2008 Ebtekar's article was retracted. The issue received some political and public attention in Iran. Ebtekar issued a statement admitting she had made a mistake and apologizing for it, but including a list of complaints such as eTBLAST's failure to inform her of their finding in advance, the fact that the article was a review article she was invited to write for the Journal, and that more than 76 references were given in the text. President of the 12th International Congress of Immunology

In 2013 Ebtekar was elected as the President of the 12th International Congress of Immunology. The Congress was held on April 29, 2014. Ebtekar spoke in the opening ceremony and introduced Rolf Zinkernagel, the Nobel Laureate for Medicine, as the guest of honour. Social and political career
In 1981, Ebtekar became the editor-in-chief of the English daily newspaper Kayhan International, selected by Khatami who was then the representative of Ayatollah Khomeini in Kayhan Institute.She served in the newspaper until 1983. In 1991 she co-founded the Institute for Women's Studies and Research. Since 1992, she has been the license holder and managing director of the journal Farzaneh Journal for Women's Studies and Research. Ebtekar was appointed as the Head of Women's NGO Coordinating Office and Vice Head of the National Committee to the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. Later, she was elected as the President of the Network of Women's NGOs in Iran. Early activism and role in the Hostage Crisis
Ebtekar served as spokeswoman for the students in the Iran hostage crisis of 1979, where Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line occupied the US Embassy and held 52 Americans hostage for 444 days. Selected because of her good command of English, she made regular appearances on American television as translator and spokeswoman for the students, where she presented the official positions of the students.She was referred to as "Mary" by foreign press, and "Tiger Lily" by the hostages, a play on the translation of "Niloufar". Ebtekar wrote an account of the embassy takeover with Fred A. Reed titled Takeover in Tehran: The Inside Story of the 1979 U.S. Embassy Capture. Western media have systematically depicted Ebtekar's involvement in a negative manner, as Reed describes: "For twenty years the prevailing 'globalized' version of the embassy capture has cast the students at best as well-intentioned but naive young people manipulated ...and at worst as irresponsible extremists." Elaine Sciolino wrote about Ebtekar's own viewpoint: "Asked by an ABC News correspondent one day whether she could see herself picking up a gun and killing the hostages, she replied: 'yes. When I've seen an American gun being lifted up and killing my brothers and sisters in the streets, of course.'" She is said to be remembered by many Americans (hostages such as David Roeder, Barbara Timm, the mother of hostage Kevin Hermening and those who watched her on television) with a great lack of fondness, in part because "her familiarity with America added profound emphasis to her rejection of it." When asked by an American interviewer (Elaine Sciolino) in the late 1990s about her past as spokeswoman for the hostage-takers, why it did not appear on her resume, and why she had changed her name from Niloufar to <mask>, Ebtekar "had no apology and made no excuses" about her role, describing the hostage taking as "the best direction that could have been taken" by Iran at the time, but surprised the interviewer with her "chutzpah", insisting that the interviewer "not write much about these things."Sciolino published this article in the New York Times unaware of the fact that Ebtekar's book (Takeover in Tehran) was in print and would be published in 2001. She was an advisor of Shahla Habibi, head of the 'Bureau of Women's Affairs' under administration Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani in the 1990s, and was reportedly the "main driving-force" behind the office. In the 2012 film Argo, Ebtekar was portrayed by Nikka Far and called only "Tehran Mary" in the credits. Vice presidency first term (1997–2005)

Ebtekar was the first woman to serve as vice-president of Iran when the reformists came to power. Along with Zahra Shojaei, she participated in the first cabinet since the Islamic Revolution to include women. She has been described as a leftist in Mohammad Khatami's alliance. Ebtekar headed the Department of Environment for eight years, introducing major structural, organizational and directional changes enabling a re-engineering of the government body.During her tenure environmental awareness and support for civil society activism in this area was enhanced. Ebtekar's appointment led to the revelation of her past, and in the US questions were raised about whether President Khatami was aware of "how deeply" the hostage-taking and holding, and anger towards its foremost public defender, "affected both the American government and the American people." Many academics and literary critiques have written and expressed their views on her published memoirs. Following this, "some ambassadors" in Tehran reportedly stated they would no "longer meet with her" and would "discourage official contract with her office." In her memoirs published as the "Grapes of Shahrivar", Ebtekar repeatedly refers to her cordial and official contacts with not only Western Ambassadors, but also many European Ministers and Presidents as well. (chapters 8-16-23-26-30-32-33)

On International Women's Day in 1998, as vice-president of environmental affairs, she made a speech condemning the oppression of women by the Taliban Movement in Afghanistan. Her performance caused comment by members of the Western news media in attendance as she herself was wearing a chador, a reminder of compulsory hijab in Iran which many in the West view as a violation of women's rights.In March 2002, Ebtekar was a keynote speaker at the Meeting of Women Leaders on the Environment in Helsinki, sponsored by the Finnish Ministry of the Environment. In September 2002, Ebtekar participated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development, held in Johannesburg, South Africa. In May 2005, she chaired the International Conference on Environment, Peace, and the Dialogue Among Civilizations and Cultures, held in Tehran. This event was organized by Ebtekar's Department of the Environment and also by the United Nations Environment Programme. Vice presidency second term (2013–2017)
Ebtekar served as vice president and Head of the Department of Environment during the first term of President Rouhani, 2013–2017. During this period in spite of immense challenges facing Iran's environment, and

masks:
Masoumeh Ebtekar
Masoumeh Ebtekar
Masoumeh


texts:
 irrespective of the fierce opposition of rival political and special interests groups, great strides were taken to enhance environmental governance and stewardship. Twelve environmental bills, a strong chapter in the sixth National Development Plan and numerous directives and guidelines were implemented during this period, while national plans to enhance air quality were promoted through strong cross-sectoral, management leading to better air quality trends.The national Low Carbon Economy Strategy was adopted; the Cabinet adopted its INDC and the Paris Agreement, which the Parliament also adopted. This led to important strides in renewable energy including more than 500 MW of new solar plants and much more underway. Restoration of wetlands according to ecosystem management schemes and local community participation was undertaken leading to revival of Houralazim wetland, designation of Hamoun as a Biosphere reserve and improvement of conditions in Urmia Lake and many other wetlands across Iran. A major campaign to enhance environment education, inclusion of 56 cases of environment related text and publication of the first textbook "Humans and the Environment" are some of the steps taken in this regard. A significant surge in the quantity and quality of civil society activism was the result of planning for enhanced nongovernmental organization participation in policy and oversight. During this term private sector involvement in the management of protected areas and managing wildlife conservation was promoted through legislation and incentives. Introducing local legislation for management schemes of national parks and protected areas and for wildlife and endangered species conservation schemes for the first time.Nature Rangers enjoyed high quality training and education programs while awareness campaigns led to improvements in their social status. International diplomacy in collaboration with UNEP, UNDP, JICA, UNESCO led to many joint projects including participatory training for local farmers and villagers in Urumia basin area, Conservation of the Cheetah, Second International Seminar on Environment Religion and Culture, First UN Conference on Combating Dust and Sand Storms, Project for Restoration of Anzali Wetland, Project for Coastal Zone Management Projects and many others. The fifth international Green Film festival  was revived, four rounds of International Environment Exhibition, four rounds of Green Industry Competition and Four Rounds of the National Environment Award was convened during this term. 20 Bilateral and multilateral MOUs were signed and implemented leading to more than 50 technical and educational workshops and sessions. Nationwide campaigns on "no to plastics", "reduction of waste", "and energy conservation", "no to food waste" and many others were supported and promoted. The National Committee on Sustainable Development was transformed into an efficient cross sectoral body to promote and monitor sustainability indicators at the national level. Honors and awards
Ebtekar was named one of the seven 2006 Champions of the Earth by the United Nations Environment Program as a prominent and "inspirational"  environmental leader who has made an impact at policy level in a region of the world.Ebtekar said that she believes the award was a team effort, earned by the scholars and experts that she assembled in her Department of the Environment. She names President Khatami as instrumental in stressing the importance of environmental initiatives. She was also named as one of 50 environmental leaders by The Guardian newspaper on January 5, 2008; the only Iranian or Muslim woman in the list. In the 2012 edition of The Muslim500 Ebtekar has been named as one of the 500 most influential Muslims in the world. Under the political section of this yearbook, Ebtekar is described as "a considerable force in the reformist movement in Iran". On 24 January 2014, Ebtekar was awarded the Energy Globe Foundation Honorary Lifetime Achievement Award in Tehran. On 29 November 2014, <mask> Ebtekar won the Italian Minerva Award for her scientific achievements and successful career in political arena.Minerva Award is a nongovernmental award established in 2009 in the name of Madame Anna Maria Mammoliti, Italian journalist and social activist after her death. The Minerva Award has been presented to famous figures active in different social, economic, political and cultural fields, and the receivers have been mainly women. In May 2016 Ebtekar was awarded an Honorary Doctorate Degree in Political Science by the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea. Post vice presidential activism
Ebtekar co-founded the Center for Peace and Environment in 2005, a non-governmental organization devoted to the promotion of just and sustainable peace and the protection of the environment. More than 120 experts and academicians are currently members of the center. Ebtekar served as a moderator in June 2008 at the International "Women, Equality and Peace" Conference held in Oslo, Norway. The conference was sponsored by the Foundation for Dialogue Among Civilizations, Club de Madrid and the Oslo Center.Ebtekar considered for running in the 2009 presidential election after Guardian Council indicated that there is no "legal restraint" against women doing so. However, she withdrew a few weeks before the election. Ebtekar published her memoir as the first female Vice President of Iran, entitled the Grapes of Shahrivar on May 3, 2009. She has also published a collection of her essays and speeches on the environment and sustainable development, called Natural Peace. After leaving her government position in 2005, Ebtekar has spoken as inaugural or keynote speaker at many international events. Membership in Tehran City Council
Ebtekar ran for and was elected to the city council of Tehran for the term beginning in 2007, coming in 9th out of 21 candidates, just after Parvin Ahmadinejad, the sister of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. She established and heads the Tehran City Council Environment Committee and currently runs 20 working groups on environmental issues.After election to the City Council of Tehran in early 2007, Ebtekar began a weblog in Persian entitled "EbtekareSabz" under the free blog service Persianblog. In her blog she wrote 430 posts in environmental, political, social and women's issues, posted over 10,000 comments, the blog had one million viewers in 3.5 years. EbtekareSabz, which criticized the policies of the government and supported the reformist movement in Iran, was filtered by the Government once in early 2010 and again in June 2010. and finally obstructed with a judicial verdict in August. Citing the "right to freedom of expression in our constitution" as her incentive, she continued blogging by setting up a new blog. In 2009, the New York Times described her as "informally represent[ing] the views of many of the former hostage-takers", supporting "engagement with the West" and a renewal of the "original ideals of the revolution, including justice and freedom," which many of her peers believe have been abandoned by the current regime. In May 2013, Ebtekar signed up as a candidate for Tehran in the 2013 local elections, along with hundreds of reformist candidates. During the vetting process that is conducted by government and Majlis representatives, the majority of candidates, including Ebtekar were disqualified.Ebtekar mentioned her harsh criticism of government policies leading to air pollution and the deterioration of environmental standards as the main reason for her disqualification. Candidates who have objected to their disqualification will be considered for a final round in the Supreme Council for Election Regulation. She was also one of Reformists' candidates as Mayor of Tehran. However, Mohsen Hashemi becomes the final's nominate. Reappointment as Vice President
After Hassan Rouhani elected as President of Iran, Ebtekar who supported Rouhani openly, was one of the candidates for the Ministry of Science. However, she was appointed as Head of Environmental Protection Organization on 10 September 2013, a position she had formerly served for eight years under Mohammad Khatami. On 1 August 2017, Ebtekar announced that she will be leaving her current position after the end of the first Rouhani government.She was appointed as Women Affairs's vice president in second Rouhani government. During the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran, Iranian state media announced that Ebtekar had been diagnosed with COVID-19. The infection was described as mild and she was not admitted to hospital. On 11 March, Ebtekar tweeted that she had recovered from the virus. Books
In 2010 Ebtekar contributed to Moral Ground a testimony of over eighty visionaries—theologians and religious leaders, scientists, elected officials, business leaders, naturalists, activists, and writers—to present a diverse and compelling call to honor our individual and collective moral responsibility to our planet. In her essay entitled "Peace and Sustainability Depend on the Spiritual and the Feminine" Ebtekar provides her views on the interrelated nature of peace and sustainable development. She also took part in a project to develop a book entitled Women, Power and Politics in 21st Century Iran.The book, published in 2012 by Ashgate, provides an objective perspective on the conditions of women in Iran. Chapter 10 titled "Women and the Environment" has been authored by Massoumeh <mask>. In 2011 Ebtekar also co-authored a chapter in the book Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells published by Springer. Chapter 3 "Characteristics of Cord Blood Cells" is a review performed by a team of researchers in Iran. See also
 List of scientific misconduct incidents

References

External links

 Masumeh <mask>'s Blog in English – Called "Persian Paradox"
 Masumeh <mask>'s Researchgate Page

1960 births
Living people
Environmental bloggers
Female vice presidents of Iran
Heads of Department of Environment (Iran)
Islamic Iran Participation Front politicians
Iranian environmentalists
Iranian immunologists
Iranian women physicians
Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line
People involved in scientific misconduct incidents
Tarbiat Modares University alumni
Tehran Councillors 2007–2013
Women bloggers
Women vice presidents
20th-century Iranian physicians
21st-century Iranian physicians
21st-century Iranian women politicians
Magazine publishers (people)
Vice presidents of Iran for Women and

masks: Masoumeh Ebtekar Ebtekar Ebtekar