texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1951) is a civil rights attorney in Ohio who has been litigating since 1976. While he is best known nationally as lead counsel for James Obergefell in the Supreme Court's same-sex marriage decision Obergefell v. Hodges, he has been an advocate on behalf of prisoners, victims of police misconduct and women seeking reproductive freedom throughout his career, in addition to LGBTQ causes like same-sex marriage. He has recovered millions of dollars for victims of official misconduct. He is also the founder of the Ohio Justice and Policy Center, a nonprofit agency that advocates and litigates for criminal justice reform. Early life
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio to Carolyn and <mask>. His father was the manager of a commercial chicken farm for over ten years, then lost both his job and the pension he had been promised. In an interview on WCET, the local Cincinnati PBS affiliate, <mask> described how this experience and its effect on his family deeply impressed upon him the plight of powerless individuals in the face of powerful corporations.He attended Beloit College, class of '73, where he met and married Mimi Gingold, the daughter of juvenile court judge Archie Gingold of St. Paul, Minnesota. He attended New York University School of Law on a Root-Tilden public interest scholarship and earned his Juris Doctor in 1976. Legal career
<mask> began his legal career as a Reginald Heber Smith Fellow at the Legal Aid Society of Cincinnati, Ohio. After two years, he joined Robert Laufman, a leading civil rights attorney, practicing primarily in the areas of employment discrimination, police misconduct and prisoner rights. After Laufman's retirement in 2004, Jennifer Branch joined him as a partner and the firm became Gerhardstein and Branch, LPA. The firm states its mission as advocating on behalf of those without power. Civil rights practice

Prisoner rights
Gerhardstein commented in a Frontline interview that prisoners have no political base, only the power of the courts to redress grievances.He has sought to redress those grievances through litigation. In 1994, <mask> was named lead counsel in a class action against the state officers, administrators and staff of the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, on behalf of inmate victims of the riot that occurred there in 1993. The plaintiffs were awarded a record $4.1 million as part of a class action settlement that included sweeping reforms of the practices and procedures at that maximum security prison. <mask> and fellow attorney Robert Laufman had previously sued the state of Ohio for cruel and unusual punishment on behalf of several mentally ill prisoners. After filing the legal action, he worked with the defendant Director of the Department of Rehabilitation and Corrections to address the underlying problems. That collaboration resulted in a court enforced consent decree providing for reforms based on a treatment-oriented approach to mentally ill inmates in all Ohio state prisons. He also filed a class action challenging the level of medical and dental services provided for inmates by the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction in 2003.That challenge resulted in a settlement agreement that provided for a five-year supervised plan to substantially improve those services. From 2008–2015, Gerhardstein worked with the Children's Law Center of Covington, Kentucky and achieved significant reforms in the Ohio juvenile justice system by entering into an agreed order in cooperation with the defendant administrators of the Ohio Department of Youth Services on behalf of incarcerated juveniles. That agreement eventually resulted in a dramatic reduction of the inmate population, closure of several juvenile prisons, elimination of solitary confinement and improved mental health, educational and recreational services for the children in the juvenile detention facilities throughout the state. Police misconduct
"There are lots of different strategies that don't rely on arresting black people and feeding more mass incarceration, and that's what we've worked so hard on." <mask> is quoted as saying in an article published in The Atlantic. In 2001, <mask> and co-counsel filed a class action on behalf of the Cincinnati Black United Front and Ohio ACLU challenging the use of excessive force and racial profiling by the Cincinnati Police Department. The case was resolved through a collaborative plan, a mediation process that was markedly different from the approach taken in similar actions filed in other jurisdictions.<mask> explained, "[w]e went to court because we've tracked 30 years of promises by the city. We need to have a set of promises that are enforceable." One month after that action was filed, an unarmed black teenager was shot and killed by a Cincinnati police officer, sparking riots throughout the city. Continuing his approach to resolve serious underlying systemic problems, <mask> participated along with city officials, the police union, and citizens in the creation of a collaborative agreement that established wide reaching reforms in the department that has become a model for other jurisdictions. One of <mask>'s areas of focus has been taser reform. He has litigated cases and published a white paper seeking policies and training that require officers to avoid chest shots and other tactics that increase the risk of injury. The local county sheriff's association responded to the white paper, opening a valuable local dialogue.Significant federal court decisions involving tasers include Goodwin, Brown (two cases challenging chest shots), and Peabody (challenging taser discharge at man on top of fence). Reproductive freedom
<mask> has represented the Planned Parenthood affiliate in Cincinnati and other Ohio abortion providers since 1985. After the Planned Parenthood clinic was firebombed in December, 1985, he secured an order requiring the hundreds of protesters to respect the women arriving as patients at the temporary clinic and to respect their right of access. His lawsuits challenged numerous Ohio laws restricting abortion and many were held to be unconstitutional. LGBT rights
<mask> has also been an active advocate for the rights of the LGBT community. In 1994, for example, he sued the city of Cincinnati unsuccessfully for five years in an effort to strike down an infamous Cincinnati Charter provision that prohibited the enactment of any law that protected the gay community. After the Supreme Court's decision in Romer v. Evans, striking down a Colorado law with almost identical language to that in the Cincinnati Charter, the case was remanded to the Sixth Circuit to be considered in light of the new precedent.However, the Sixth Circuit upheld the amendment for the second time, and it stood until overturned by Cincinnati voters in 2004. He and his law partner, Jennifer Branch, have also represented individual gay and transgender persons in employment discrimination actions. An opportunity to further the cause of gay rights arrived when <mask> was first introduced to James Obergefell and his dying husband, John Arthur, in 2013. He met with them and explained that Ohio would not recognize their Maryland same-sex marriage. As a result, when he died, the death certificate for John would state that he was a single person with no surviving spouse. Changing that would require immediate legal action against the state. Obergefell said that <mask> was the perfect attorney for them and is unsure they would have gone forward with anyone else.<mask> filed suit in federal court seeking an emergency injunction prohibiting the state of Ohio from issuing a death certificate for John that listed the deceased as single and without a surviving spouse. The trial court decided in their favor, holding that "[u]nder the Constitution of the United States, Ohio must recognize on Ohio death certificates valid same-sex marriages from other states." Other rulings soon followed. A similar case was decided in favor of married same-sex parents who had given birth following in-vitro conception and who adopted children and wanted both parents listed on their children's birth certificates. The state of Ohio appealed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. Those cases were consolidated with others from district courts within the Sixth Circuit that were more broadly and directly challenging gay marriage bans. The appellate court reversed the trial courts' decisions and held that states could indeed ban same-sex marriage.Ultimately, <mask> and other lawyers whose cases had been consolidated petitioned the United States Supreme Court for a hearing, which was granted. <mask> observed in a televised interview in April, 2015, that this was a civics lesson for the country that core constitutional principles are not up to the majority to decide. On June 26, 2015 the Court announced its historic decision in Obergefell v. Hodges that established same-sex marriage, finding that same-sex couples had a constitutional right to marry in all fifty states. That decision has been called "the sweetest victory in <mask>'s career." Referenced cases
In re Southern Ohio Correctional Facility, 173 F.R.D. 205 (S.D. Ohio 1997).Fussel et al. v. Wilkinson, Case No. 1-03-CV-704, 2005 WL 3132321, (S.D. Ohio Nov. 22, 2005). Dunn v. Voinovich, Case No. C1-93-0166 (S.D. Ohio 2000).S.H. v. Taft, No. 2:04-cv-1206, 2007 WL 1989753 (S.D. Ohio July 9, 2007). In re Cincinnati Policing, 209 F.R.D. 395 (S.D. Ohio 2002).Goodwin v. City of Painesville, 781 F.3d 314 (6th Cir. 2015). Brown v. Chapman, 814 F.3d 447 (6th Cir. 2016). Peabody v. Perry Twp., Ohio, No. 2:10-cv-1078, 2013 WL 1327026 (S.D. Ohio 2013).Planned Parenthood Ass'n. of Cinti., Inc. v. Project Jericho, 556 N.E.2d 157 (Ohio St. 1990). Women’s Medical Professional Corp v. Taft, 114 F. Supp. 2d 664 (S.D. Ohio 2000). Cincinnati Women’s Services v. Taft, 468 F.3d 361 (6th Cir. 2006).Planned Parenthood Southwest Ohio Region v. Hodges, USDC, SDOH, Case No. 2:15-cv-3079. Glover v. Williamsburg Local School Dist. Bd. of Educ., 20 F.Supp.2d 1160 (S.D. Ohio 1998). Barnes v. City of Cincinnati, 401 F.3d 729 (6th Cir.2005). Obergefell v. Kasich, No. 13-cv-501, 2013 WL 3814262  (S.D. Ohio July 22, 2013). DeBoer v. Snyder, 772 F.3d 388 (6th Cir. 2014). Obergefell v. Hodges, 135 S.Ct.2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). Publications*
<mask> <mask>, Making a Buck While Making a Difference, 21 Michigan Journal of Race & Law 251 (2016). <mask> <mask> & David Krings, Uncomfortably True, Police Misconduct Cases, Keys to Appropriate Methods of Resolution, 10 Public Management (2012). <mask> <mask>, Can Effective Apology Emerge Through Litigation? 72 Law and Contemporary Problems No. 2, Spring 2009. <mask> <mask>, Leveraging Maximum Reform While Enforcing Minimum Standards, XXXVI Fordham Urban Law Journal No.1, January 2009. <mask> <mask>, A Practitioner’s Guide to Successful Jury Trials on Behalf of Prisoner-Plaintiffs, 24 Pace Law Rev. No. 2 Spring 2004. <mask> <mask>, PLRA Can Affect Private Practitioner’s Ability to Represent Inmates, XIII Correctional Law Reporter 66 (Feb/Mar 2002).

masks:
Alphonse A
. Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Richard Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Al
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Gerhardstein
Al
Alphonse
Gerhardstein
Alphonse
Gerhardstein
Alphonse
Gerhardstein
Alphonse
Gerhardstein
Alphonse
Gerhardstein
Alphonse
Gerhardstein


type: original

texts:
Lura (born Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina; 31 July 1975, Lisboal) is a Portuguese singer and musician, of Cape Verdean descent. Her compositions are based on traditional Cape-Verdean music as for example the Morna, Funaná and Batuque, and influenced by African and contemporary Western music. Biography
The Portuguese voice that leads us to the Cape Verdean nostalgia

Maria de Lurdes Assunção Pina – which artistic name is Lura – was born in 31 July 1975, in Alfredo da Costa Maternity, Lisbon. She is a daughter of Cape Verdean parents, her mother was born in Santo Antão and her father in Santiago. Lura was the first of 4 brothers and was the only artist in the family. Her soul is imbue with two cultures that are present in her life, her melodies and in her artist path: the Portuguese and the Cape Verdean. Being the eldest daughter and child of divorced parents Lura became a fighter.She always felt the need to be at her mother side and fight to give her brothers a better life, even if she had to give up a bit her of childhood. But she passes through the hardest moments of her life with a permanent smile in her face, and without bitterness or pain. Growing up in social neighbourhood she believes that the place where she lived wouldn't made her a looser or a resigned person. On the other and she gain the perspective that the persistence, hard work and determination would be the key for a future wonderful life. The Athlete, Dance or Singer

Lura's determination, focus and hard work will only position her as one of the best in any field of her life and because of this characteristic the world almost lost an international singer (and maybe one of the biggest expressions of the Cape Verdean culture) to win an athlete or a dancer. But for the disgrace of the dancers and swimming lovers she followed the path of the musical notes. Everything started with Juka, a São Tomé singer that invited her to participate in his album.Lura remembers: “I had only seventeen years old and was supposed to do some chorus but at the end Juka asked me to perform a duo with him. I’ve never dreamed of singing but he insisted and…” This was the moment when she discovers her profound and sensual voice! But she didn't feel the need to take the music serious and preferred to follow her sports and dance dream, even with the tremendous success of the Hit. At the age of 21 a Portuguese producer help her to record her first album. This was an album with a strong commercial component and with a musical style more directed for dance and her generation. The song “Nha Vida” (My life) turned into a Hit when it was included in the album Red Hot + Lisbon, in 1997. At this is the moment Lura's life turns definitely into the music and performing (also due to a sports injury).The “Na Ri Na" Success

It was the year of 2000 when Lura does a duo with Bonga in the song "Mulemba Xangola" and the recording company of the well-kwon Cesária Evora - Lusafrica - discovers her talent. They signed with the artist and in 2004 and they produced the album Di Korpu Ku Alma (From Body and Soul). This was the  first truly Cape Verdean Lura's album, that quickly goes across borders and was released in more than 10 countries including USA, Italy and UK – where it was nominated for the BBC World Music Awards. The famous writer José Eduardo Agualusa quotes about the album Di Korpu Ku Alma: "… The future of the Cape Verdean music has a name and that name is Lura”. At the same time the Britannic journal, The Independent states: "… when she starts with her international career this girl will fill-up the stadiums”. In November 2006 was released the new album M’bem di Fora (I came from outside) and in France, Lura was nominated for the “Victoires de la Musique", in the best album category. She also does a World tour with this album and conquers an audience more and more faithful and attentive to her music.Three years later, the album Eclipse confirms the singer enormous success, turning Lura into the pearl of new generation of the Cape Verdean music. At this time Lura states: “My career is a constant surprise, since the discovery of my own voice in my teenager times until today. I live day by day, but one thing I can't deny: I will sing until the last day of my life”. In 2010, Lusafrica releases the album The Best of Lura that collects her best songs and includes the hit “Moda Bô” – a song that she wrote to honour the diva Cesária Évora featuring the diva herself. The Best of also includes a DVD with a Lura's Concert. As any other artist, Lura was heartbroken when Cesária Évora passed away in December 2011. One year after she made her a tribute to Cesária with the song “Nós Diva”, only released on the YouTube.Returning to her Cape Verdean Roots and coming back to Lisbon

Lura decided to move to Praia City to experience the Cape Verdean reality. She consolidates her relationship with Cape Verdean musicians and Composers but for her fans joy she continues to perform all over the World. She returns to the studios to record her album Herança in 2015. This album has strong Cape Verdean influence: is vibrant and frankly danceable with songs like “Maria di Lida”, “Sabi di Más” and “Ness Tempo di Nha Bidjissa” with the rhythm of Funaná and imbue with the Island real energy, retreating  the Cape Verdean Intensity, their people, traditions in the most charismatic and melodic voice of her generation: Lura's voice. In 2016 Lura gives birth to her beautiful daughter Nina and in 2018 returns to her hometown, Lisbon. Also in 2018 an EP was released with the song “ALguem di Alguem” (a frenetic and rhythmic funana) and “Crespuscular Solidão” a song featuring Gael Faye as a tribute to Cesária Évora. This theme was performed for the first time at the Festival Sakifo in La Réunion Island.In January 2021 Lura initiates a revolution in her life: She changes her manager and team to Miguel Garcia (manager) and Lisboa Amsterdam. This revolutions starts with the conception and recording of her new album that has the production of the young but already promising Portuguese producer Agir. This album promises to celebrate the Luso-African culture with one of its more important and actual identity: the singer <mask>. October 2021 is the planned date for the release of the so expected new album. In 2021 Lura also celebrates 25 years of career.


texts:
<mask> is an American photographer. She was the first African-American female photographer whose work was acquired by the Museum Of Modern Art in New York City. Biography
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, and raised in Columbus, Ohio. After graduating from Howard University in 1973, she moved to New York City, where she found work modeling. While in New York she met photographer Anthony Barboza, who was an early influence. Artistic style
<mask>'s approach to photography has included in-camera techniques such as playing with focus, darkroom techniques like double exposure, collage techniques and paint on prints. Her work is less engaged with documentation of events than with expression of experience.It has been described as surreal and ethereal, as the New York Times observed: "Her work, personal and expressive, draws from a number of artistic sources, preeminently surrealism. She has employed a range of surrealist techniques: photographing her subjects from oblique angles, shooting out of focus or through such atmospheric effects as fog and shadow, playing on unusual juxtapositions, even altering or painting over prints." <mask>'s early work was composed of photos that were shot quickly to produce elaborate scenes, and due to this process many of her photos have double dates. She has used the technique of hand-tinting in some of her work, notably her Transcendence series. Some of <mask>'s work displayed in the Museum of Modern Art depicts motherhood in Harlem. These photos are taken using a documentary style way of photographing these subjects. Career

<mask> has photographed many important black cultural figures during her career, including Alvin Ailey and Nina Simone.In 1973 <mask> was featured in the first volume of the Black Photographers Annual, a publication closely affiliated with the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and early 1970s. <mask> had her first exhibition at Cinandre, a hairdressing salon, in 1973 as well. At Cinandre, she met Grace Jones, whom she photographed wearing a black and white tutu on occasion. <mask> recalls that she and Jones would talk about surviving as black artists. <mask> reflects on the memories by saying: "We came out of Jim Crow. And so just coming to New York and trying to be a model or anything was new." Two years later (1975), <mask> became the first female member of the Harlem-based photography collective Kamoinge, under director Roy DeCarava.The Kamoinge Workshop was founded in New York in 1963 to support the work of black photographers in a field then dominated by white men. The collective, which still exists today, has undertaken a range of initiatives, including exhibitions, lectures, workshops, and the publishing of portfolios for distribution to museums. <mask> participated with Kamoinge in three groups shows in New York and Guyana. <mask> dropped off a portfolio at the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), where the receptionist mistook her for a messenger. When she returned, she was taken into the curator's office. Susan Kismaric named a price for <mask>'s work, which <mask> declined due to the price not paying off her bills. Kismaric asked <mask> to reconsider, which she eventually did.Shortly after, she became the first Black woman photographer to be included in the collections of the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York City. In addition to the MOMA, <mask>'s art has been featured at the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture and the Smithsonian Anacostia Museum & Center for African American History and Culture in Washington, D.C.

<mask> has twice exhibited at the Bellvue Hospital Centre in Morristown, New Jersey, through their Art in the Atrium exhibitions. The first was in 1995, for Cultural Images: Sweet Potato Pie, an exhibit curated by Russell A. Murray. In 2008 she contributed as part of the exhibition New York City: In Focus, part of Creative Destinations 2008 Exhibition of African American Art. <mask>'s photographs are included in the 2004 Ntozake Shange book The Sweet Breath of Life: A Poetic Narrative of the African-American Family and Life. In 2010, her work was included in MOMA's exhibition Pictures by Women: A History of Modern Photography. This exhibition recontextualized <mask>'s work alongside that of Diane Arbus and marked a growing interest in <mask>'s work.Organized by curator Roxana Marcoci, it was curated by Sarah Meister through the Department of Photography. In 2017, a major survey exhibition of <mask>'s work was held at the Steven Kasher Gallery in New York. The exhibition featured 75 vintage black-and-white prints that represented <mask>'s career. <mask> has collaborated with filmmaker Arthur Jafa in the Serpentine Sackler Gallery's 2017 show, Arthur Jafa: A Series of Utterly Improbable, yet Extraordinary Renditions (Featuring <mask>, Frida Orupabo and Missylanyus). That same year, she was featured in the Tate Modern group exhibition Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power, curated by Mark Godfrey and Zoé Whitley. The show received international acclaim before traveling to Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum, The Broad, the de Young Museum of San Francisco and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston. Since then, <mask>'s work was featured in solo presentations by Jenkins Johnson Gallery both at Frieze New York and Frieze Masters in 2019, the former of which receiving the Frieze Stand Prize.In 2020, <mask>'s work will be included in the group exhibition Working Together: Louis Draper and the Kamoinge Workshop at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts in Richmond, VA. From there, the exhibition will travel to The J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles, CA, and the Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, NY. <mask>'s work is in museum collections including the National Gallery of Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Detroit Institute of Arts, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, and the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. <mask>) on the African American Visual Artists Database

Living people
Photographers from New York City
African-American photographers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Howard University alumni
African-American women artists
American women photographers
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American photographers
21st-century American women artists
Photographers from Michigan
Photographers from Ohio
Artists from Detroit
Artists from Columbus, Ohio
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American artists
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American artists

masks:
Ming Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Ming Smith
Smith
Ming
Smith
Smith Murray


texts:
Maria Margarita "<mask><mask> (Tewa name: Corn Blossom; August 13, 1904 – February 25, 2001) was the matriarch of Santa Clara Pueblo potters. She was a recipient of a 1984 National Heritage Fellowship awarded by the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts. Early life
<mask> was the daughter of Sara Fina (sometimes spelled Serafina) <mask> (1863–1949) and <mask> (1863–1955). She attended the Santa Clara Pueblo elementary school, and then the Santa Fe Indian School from 1915 to 1918. She had to drop out of high school to help her family during the flu pandemic of 1918. <mask> learned the art of making pottery from her parents, and was particularly influenced by her mother. Sara Fina was considered the leading potter of Santa Clara in her day, as the master of making exceptionally large, finely polished blackware.She also occasionally made redware, micaceous clay storage jars and other smaller utilitarian forms. <mask>'s father was primarily concerned with raising food for the family but he was also known to make pottery and helped Sara Fina with many aspects of her pottery production. As a child, Tafoya started making small animals out of the clay that her parents had extracted from the Santa Clara land for Sara Fina's works. Showing promise, her mother encouraged young <mask> to make her own pottery and taught her how to knead the clay and polish shaped pots, as well as where to gather fuel for the firing process. Sara Fina allowed <mask> to sell her first pottery to a dealer in Santa Fe, although <mask> did not recall how much money she made that day. But the act of selling her work gave her confidence to continue making pottery. Career
For several years, <mask> worked as a cook and a waitress before she married Alcario <mask> (1900–1995) in 1924.Alcario, a distant relative with the same last name, and <mask> worked together making pottery just as her mother and father had done. <mask> and Sara Fina's husbands both helped with the tasks of digging and preparing the clay and the firing of the pots. Alcario also helped <mask> with the creation and carving of designs on her pots. Early in her career, <mask> often traded pottery for children's clothing or other household necessities to support her growing family. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Tafoyas would frequently load <mask>'s pots into a horse-drawn wagon and travel hundreds of miles to Santa Fe and Taos to sell the works to tourists and traders. Tafoya also began selling her works at Indian art fairs such as the Santa Fe Indian Market and the Inter-Tribal Ceremonial at Gallup. In the 1950s, as interest in Native American art grew, the public would travel to the pueblos as tourists as well as to buy artistic goods, so the family didn't have to travel as far to sell their wares.During this time period, the Tafoyas befriended the owner of a resort in Royal Gorge, Colorado who hired them for summer residencies to perform ceremonial dances and sell their pottery to guests. By the 1960s <mask>'s pottery had become famous, particularly her large black jars. <mask> continued her mother's tradition of making these exceptionally large pots, with finely polished surfaces and simple carved designs. "Measuring as high as three feet, these vessels took months to mold and polish. They also required an enormous amount of technical skill, particularly to keep them from breaking while being fired". The labor-intensive techniques meant that Tafoya usually made only one large pot per year. Her "bear paw" motif and deeply carved pueblo symbols like the Avanyu (water serpent) and kiva steps around the shoulder of her jars have become signature trademarks of the Tafoya family pottery.Like her mother, <mask> molded her pots using the traditional coiling method. "This method and many of the techniques used in the production of her pottery has been dated as being as more than 1200 years old, with the ancient "Anasazi" of the Colorado Plateau being the founding culture. A common misconception was the belief that black on black, burnished pueblo pottery had "died out," according to Larry Frank and Francis H. Harlow. Tafoya's work "reflected the transformation of the Santa Clara pottery tradition from the utilitarian to the artistic". Retrospective exhibitions
1982: "<mask>ya: A Potter’s Heritage and Her Legacy" at the Denver Museum of Natural History, City Park, Colorado
1983: "The Red and the Black: Santa Clara Pottery by <mask>" at the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian, Santa Fe, New Mexico
2015–2016: "<mask>ya: Santa Clara Pueblo Potter" at the Millicent Rogers Museum, El Prado, New Mexico

Awards and honors
In both 1978 and 1979, Tafoya received the Best of Show Award at the Santa Fe Indian Market. In 1984, the National Endowment for the Arts awarded her a National Heritage Fellowship in recognition of her accomplishments. She was recognized and received an award as a Master Traditional Artist in 1985.Also in 1985, she received the New Mexico Governor's Excellence in the Arts Award. In 1992, she received an Honor Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Visual Arts from the national Women's Caucus for Art. Her works were displayed on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. at the 1992 Smithsonian Folklife Festival. In 1996, Tafoya received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Southwestern Association of Indian Arts. She received a Master Artist Award from the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona (exact year unknown). Tafoya is the only Native American ever awarded a Lifetime Contribution Award by the National Academy of Western Art at the Cowboy Hall of Fame and Western Heritage Center in Oklahoma City (year of award unknown). Legacy
<mask> and her husband Alcario raised thirteen children.At the time of her death in February 2001, <mask> had 30 grandchildren, 45 great-grandchildren, and 11 great-great-grandchildren. Many of her descendants are carrying on the Tafoya family tradition of pottery making, including: Toni Roller, Jeff Roller, LuAnn <mask>, Chris Youngblood, Nancy Youngblood, Nathan Youngblood, Darryl Whitegeese, Ryan Roller, Cliff Roller, Tim Roller, Tyler Roller, Jordan Roller, James Ebelacker, Sarena Ebelacker, Jamelyn Ebelacker, and Tammy Garcia. Further reading
Blair, Mary Ellen and Laurence Blair: <mask>ya: A Tewa Potter's Heritage and Legacy (1986)
Hunt, Marjorie and Boris Weintraub: "Masters of Traditional Arts" profile of Tafoya in National Geographic (January 1991)
Dillingham, Rick: Fourteen Families in Pueblo Pottery (1994)
Hayes, Allan and John Blom: Southwestern Pottery: Anasazi to Zuni (1996)
Peterson, Susan: Pottery by American Indian Women: The Legacy of Generations (1997)
Schaaf, Gregory: Pueblo Indian Pottery: 750 Artist Biographies (2000)
King, Charles S. and Duane Reider: Born of Fire: the Life and Pottery of <mask>ya (2008)
Roller, Ryan A.: Santa Clara Pueblo

See also
Black-on-black ware
Pueblo pottery

References

External links
More information on <mask> at the Holmes Museum of Anthropology
Photos of many of <mask>'s pieces

1904 births
2001 deaths
Native American potters
Artists from New Mexico
National Heritage Fellowship winners
Santa Clara Pueblo people
American women ceramists
American ceramists
Native American women artists
Women potters
20th-century American women artists
20th-century ceramists
20th-century Native Americans
20th-century Native American women

masks:
Margaret
" Tafoya
Margaret
Guiterrez Tafoya
Jose Geronimo Tafoya
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Tafoya
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret Tafo
Margaret Tafoya
Margaret Tafo
Margaret
Margaret
Tafoya
Margaret Tafo
Margaret Tafo
Margaret Tafoya
Margaret Tafoya


texts:
<mask> is a Japanese kickboxer. He is the former RISE Super Flyweight champion. As of October 2020, he was the #7 ranked Flyweight in the world by Combat Press. He first entered the rankings in September 2020. Kickboxing career
He made his RISE debut against Shota Toyama. <mask> defeated Toyama by decision. <mask> had his second fight with RISE during RISE 126, when he fought KING Takeshi.<mask> beat him by decision. He fought Yuya Hayashi during RISE 127. <mask> won the fight by decision. <mask> fought Azusa Kaneko for the RISE -53 kg title during RISE 128. He <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. After winning the title, he faced Kazuki in a non title bout, at RISE 130. <mask> won the fight KO, after dropping Kazuki with a left straight less than two minutes into the fight.He made his first title defense against Jin Mandokoro during RISE 132. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. Following his title defense, he faced Masahiko Suzuki. <mask>'s ten fight winning streak came to an end, as Suzuki won an extra round decision. In July 2020, he was scheduled to fight Masaking. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to make his second title defense against Kazuki Osaki at RISE 142.Osaki won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to fight Jin Mandokoro in the quarterfinals of the 2021 RISE Dead or Alive 53 kg Tournament. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. Titles and accomplishments

Professional
RISE
 2018 RISE -53 kg Champion

Amateur
 2012 MA Jr. Kick -28 kg Champion
 2012 Bigbang -28 kg Champion
 2012 Bigbang -31 kg Champion
 2013 Bigbang -34 kg Champion
 2013 Bigbang -37 kg Tournament Champion
 2014 Bigbang -37 kg Champion
 2014 Bigbang -40 kg Champion
 2014 Shootboxing All Japan Junior -45 kg Champion
 2015 BigBang -50 kg Champion
 2015 KAMINARIMON All Japan Junior -55 kg Champion
 2016 J-NETWORK Bantamweight Tournament Champion
 2016 K-1 All Japan A-Class -55 kg Champion
 2016 Bigbang -55 kg Champion

Kickboxing record

|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2021-07-18|| Loss ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE WORLD SERIES 2021 - Dead or Alive Tournament, Quarter Final || Osaka, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 ||3:00
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2020-09-04 ||Loss ||align=left| Kazuki Osaki|| RISE 142 || Tokyo, Japan|| Decision (Unanimous)|| 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2020-07-12|| Win ||align=left| Masaking || Rise on Abema || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 3 || 3:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2019-09-16||Loss ||align=left| Masahiko Suzuki || Rise World Series 2019 Final Round || Chiba (city), Japan ||Ext.R Decision (Unanimous) || 4 ||3:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-05-19|| Win ||align=left| Jin Mandokoro || RISE 132 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2019-02-03|| Win ||align=left| Kazuki || RISE 130 || Tokyo, Japan || KO (Left Straight) || 1 || 1:56
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2018-11-02|| Win ||align=left| Azusa Kaneko || RISE 128 || Tokyo, Japan || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-12-11|| Win ||align=left| Retsu Akabane || K-1 Amateur Challenge A-Class -55 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2016-10-23|| Loss||align=left| Tetsuji Noda || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 1 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-10-23|| Win ||align=left| Hiroki Nishimura || K-1 Amateur All Japan Preliminary Tournament, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 1 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-09-04|| Win ||align=left| Ryusei Iwagawa || BigBang 26 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-06-28|| Win ||align=left|  || BigBang  || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Fuminori Muroki ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Final || Japan ||  KO (Punches) ||  || 0:21
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Kaito Nagashima ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Semi Final || Japan ||  KO ||  || 2:43
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-05-29|| Win ||align=left| Yuya Hayashi ||J-Network J-GROW in SHINJUKU～vol.5, -53 kg Tournament, Quarter FInal || Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2016-02-21|| Win ||align=left| Michitaka Yamaguchi || BigBang 24 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2015-12-06|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 1:30
|-  style="background:#c5d2ea;"
| 2015-11-15|| Draw ||align=left| Ikko Oota || Bigbang the future 15 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Hayato Mizoguchi ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2015-09-20|| Win ||align=left| Ruka Hosoda ||KAMINARIMON All Japan, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2015-09-06|| Win ||align=left| Shinnosuke Hatsuda ||BigBang Amateur || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2015-04-29 || Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || NJKF EXPLOSION 1|| Tokyo, Japan || Decision || 2 || 1:30
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2015-02-22|| Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto ||All Japan Jr. Kick Kanto Selection Tournament, Fnal || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2015-02-15|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota ||BigBang || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-12-23 || Win||align=left| Tomoki Miyashita  || Amateur REBELS BLOW-CUP.34, Final|| Tokyo, Japan ||Decision (Majority)  ||  ||
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2014-12-21|| Win ||align=left| Kyo Kawakami ||Amateur Shootboxing || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision (Unanimous) || 2 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2014-12-14|| Loss||align=left| Ikko Oota || BOM Amateur 8 || Yokohama, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2014-10-19|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2014-10-19|| Win ||align=left| Daiki Mine || K-1 Challenge 2014, Junior B-Class Tournament Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 1 || 2:00
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2014-09-07|| Win || align="left" | Jukiya Ito || Bigbang Amateur 23 ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|- style="background:#fbb;"
| 2014-06-29||Loss || align="left" | Ryutaro Uchida ||Muay Thai WINDY Super Fight vol.16, Quarter Final ||Tokyo, Japan|| Decision  ||  ||
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2014-06-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 21 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2014-05-06 || Loss||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || BOM Amateur 6, -40 kg Championship Tournament Final ||  Tokyo, Japan ||Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Shogo Nakajima ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2014-01-19|| Win ||align=left| Tatsumi Nagai ||BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 4|| Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2013-12-01|| Loss ||align=left| Ryutaro Uchida || BigBang Amateur 18|| Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||3|| 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-11-04|| Win ||align=left| Ayano Ohara || Windy Super Fight vol.15|| Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| Riichi Hoshino || BigBang Amateur 17, Final|| Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||3|| 2:00
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-10-13|| Win ||align=left| || BigBang Amateur 17, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2|| 2:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2013-09-08|| Loss ||align=left| Yuuta Sasaki || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur 2 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-09-01|| Win||align=left| Hyuga Ishibe || BigBang 14 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2013-07-14|| Loss ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BigBang Amateur 15 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-06-02|| Win ||align=left| Reiji Nakamura || BigBang Amateur 14 || Tokyo, Japan ||  KO ||  ||
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Kojiro Vanhoose || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Asahi Shinagawa || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-05-12|| Win ||align=left| Ryu Kanno || BOM Battle of Muay Thai Amateur, Quarter Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-05-05|| Win ||align=left| Ikko Oota|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-04-07|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga || REBELS Blow Cup 15 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2013-03-17||Loss ||align=left| Haruto Yasumoto || MA Kick BREAK-35 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2013-03-10|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Koyama|| Bigbang the future VI || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 2:00
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2013|| Win||align=left| Arai || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||  ||
|-  style="background:#c5d2ea;"
| 2013|| Draw ||align=left| Nadaka Yoshinari || TNT Amateur YZD Gym || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||  ||
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-12-23|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS Blow Cup 12 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-11-11|| Win ||align=left| Jukiya Ito || Jawin presents Bigbang the future V || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||  ||
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-10-28|| Win ||align=left| Hyoga Okada || REBELS || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 2:00
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2012-10-21|| Loss||align=left| Takito || M-1 Muay Thai Amateur 54, Semi Final || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision ||  ||
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-08-26|| Win ||align=left| Ryuya Okuwaki || MA Japan Kickboxing Break 28 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 3 || 1:30
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-07-16|| Win ||align=left| Hibiki Sometani || BigBang || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 1:30
|-  style="background:#CCFFCC;"
| 2012-07-01|| Win ||align=left| Yumu Ito || REBELS Blow Cup 7 || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 1:30
|-  style="background:#FFBBBB;"
| 2012-06-03|| Loss ||align=left| Ikko Ota || BigBang Amateur Event || Tokyo, Japan ||  Decision || 2 || 1:30
|-
| colspan=9 | Legend:

See also
 List of male kickboxers

References

Living people
2002 births
Japanese male kickboxers
Sportspeople from Tokyo

masks:
Toki Tamaru
Toki
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru
Toki
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru
Tamaru


texts:
Sir <mask>,  (born 9 January 1950) is a British geneticist known for developing techniques for genetic fingerprinting and DNA profiling which are now used worldwide in forensic science to assist police detective work and to resolve paternity and immigration disputes. He is Professor of Genetics at the University of Leicester, and he became an honorary freeman of the City of Leicester on 26 November 1992. In 1994, he was knighted for services to genetics. Education and early life
<mask> was born into a middle-class family in Oxford, where he spent the first six years of his life until 1956 when the family moved to Luton, Bedfordshire. He attributes his curiosity and inventiveness to having been gained from his father, as well as his paternal grandfather, who held a number of patents. When he was eight, his father gave him a chemistry set, which he enhanced over the next few years with extra chemicals, even including a small bottle of sulphuric acid. He says he liked making small explosions, but an accidental splash of the sulphuric acid caused a burn, which left a permanent scar on his chin (now under his beard).His father also bought him a Victorian-era brass microscope, which he used to examine biological specimens. At about 12, he made a small dissecting kit (including a scalpel, crafted from a flattened pin) which he used to dissect a bumblebee, but he got into trouble with his parents when he progressed to dissecting a larger specimen. One Sunday morning he found a deceased cat on the road while doing his paper round and took it home in his bag. He relates that he started to dissect it on the dining room table before Sunday lunch, causing a foul smell throughout the house after he ruptured its intestines. <mask> was a pupil at Luton Grammar School and then Luton Sixth Form College. He won a scholarship to study at Merton College, Oxford on a four-year course, where he graduated in 1971 with first-class honours in biochemistry. Jeffreys completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree on the mitochondria of cultured mammalian cells, as a postgraduate student at the Genetics Laboratory at the University of Oxford.Career and research

After finishing his doctorate, he moved to the University of Amsterdam, where he worked on mammalian genes as a research fellow, and then to the University of Leicester in 1977, where in 1984 he discovered a method of showing variations between individuals' DNA, inventing and developing genetic fingerprinting. Genetic fingerprinting
Jeffreys says he had a "eureka moment" in his lab in Leicester after looking at the X-ray film image of a DNA experiment on 10 September 1984, which unexpectedly showed both similarities and differences between the DNA of different members of his technician's family. Within about half an hour, he continued, he realized the possible scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the genetic information to identify individuals. The method has become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes. The method can also be applied to non-human species, for example in wildlife population genetics studies. Before his methods were commercialized in 1987, his laboratory was the only center in the world that carried out DNA fingerprinting, and was consequently very busy, receiving inquiries from all over the globe. Jeffreys's DNA method was first put to use in 1985 when he was asked to help in a disputed immigration case to confirm the identity of a British boy whose family was originally from Ghana.The case was resolved when the DNA results proved that the boy was closely related to the other members of the family, and Jeffreys saw the relief in the mother's face when she heard the results. DNA fingerprinting was first used in a police forensic test to identify the killer of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who had been raped and murdered in Narborough, Leicestershire, in 1983 and 1986 respectively. Colin Pitchfork was identified and convicted of their murders after samples taken from him matched semen samples taken from the two dead girls. This turned out to be a specifically important identification; British authorities believe that without it an innocent man would have inevitably been convicted. Not only did Jeffreys' work, in this case, prove who the real killer was, but it exonerated Richard Buckland, initially a prime suspect, who likely would have spent his life in prison otherwise. The story behind the investigations is told in Joseph Wambaugh's 1989 best-selling book The Blooding: The True Story of the Narborough Village Murders and the murders and subsequent solving of the crimes was featured in Episode 4 of the first season of the 1996 American TV series Medical Detectives in which <mask> himself also appears. A further television mini-series based on these events was released in 2015, Code of a Killer.In 1992, Jeffreys's methods were used to confirm the identity for German prosecutors of the body of Josef Mengele, who had died in 1979, by comparing DNA obtained from a femur bone of his exhumed skeleton, with DNA from his mother and son, in a similar way to paternity testing. DNA profiling
DNA profiling, based on typing individual highly variable minisatellites in the human genome, was also developed by <mask> and his team in 1985, with the term (DNA fingerprinting) being retained for the initial test that types many minisatellites simultaneously. By focusing on just a few of these highly variable minisatellites, DNA profiling made the system more sensitive, more reproducible and amenable to computer databases. It soon became the standard forensic DNA system used in criminal case work and paternity testing worldwide. The development of DNA amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) opened up new approaches to forensic DNA testing, allowing automation, greatly increased sensitivity, and a move to alternative marker systems. The most commonly used markers are now variable microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STRs), which Jeffreys first exploited in 1990 in the Mengele case. STR profiling was further refined by a team of scientists led by Peter Gill at the Forensic Science Service in the 1990s, allowing the launch of the UK National DNA Database (NDNAD) in 1995.With highly automated and sophisticated equipment, modern-day DNA profiling can process hundreds of samples each day. Sixteen microsatellites, plus a marker for sex determination, are used with the current system developed for the NDNAD, giving a discrimination power of one in over a billion. Under British law, anyone arrested in England, Wales or Northern Ireland has their DNA profile taken and stored on the database whether or not they are convicted (different rules apply in Scotland). The national database in 2020 contained the DNA information of about 5.6 million people. Jeffreys has opposed the current use of DNA profiling, where the government has access to that database, and has instead proposed a database of all people's DNA, access to which would be controlled by an independent third party. Awards and honours

 1986 – Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS)
 1989 – Press, Radio and TV awards for the Midlander of the Year, 1988, 1989
 1991 – Appointed as a Royal Society Research Professor. 26 November 1992 – Honorary freeman of the City of Leicester.1994 – Knighted for services to genetics and to science and technology. 1995 – Honorary member of the International Society for Forensic Genetics
 1996 – Albert Einstein World Award of Science. 1998 – Australia Prize, 1998. 1999 – Sir George Stokes Medal
 2004 – Honorary doctorate awarded by the University of Leicester, where Jeffreys is a member of staff. 2004 – Royal Medal of the Royal Society. 2004 – Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement. 2004 – Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine.2005 – Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research, jointly with Edwin Southern of the University of Oxford. 2005 – United States National Academy of Sciences, elected member. 2006 – Great Briton Award for the Greatest Briton of the year, winner in the category of Science and Innovation, as well as the overall winner. 2006 – Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Biochemistry and Biophysics. 8 March 2007 – Honorary degree from King's College London. 23 January 2008 – Graham Medal of the Glasgow Philosophical Society, awarded after he gave his lecture "DNA Profiling; Past, present and future", which was nominated as the Graham Lecture. 16 November 2009 – Awarded Honorary Doctor of Science by the University of Huddersfield
 14 April 2010 – Awarded Edinburgh Medal
 April 2010 – Officially opened the new Soar Valley College building in Leicester.21 February 2011 – Awarded ABRF Annual Award
 2012 – Officially opened the <mask> Jeffreys Building in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, the scientific support building for West Yorkshire Police and the wider Yorkshire and the Humber region. 2014 – Copley Medal
 22 January 2014 – Honorary Doctor of Science Degree from De Montfort University. 2017 – Companion of Honour

Personal life
Jeffreys met his future wife, Sue Miles, in a youth club in the centre of Luton, Bedfordshire, before he became a university student, and they married on 28 August 1971. Jeffreys has one brother and one sister; he and his wife have two daughters, born in 1979 and 1983. References

1950 births
Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates
Living people
People from Oxford
British forensic scientists
Forensic genetics
English geneticists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Academics of the University of Leicester
English humanists
Knights Bachelor
People from Luton
Royal Medal winners
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Australia Prize recipients
Winners of the Heineken Prize
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford

masks:
Alec John Jeffreys
Jeffreys
Jeffreys
Jeffreys
Alec Jeffreys
Sir Alec


texts:
<mask> (born November 1, 1969) was born <mask> in New York City, New York, United States. <mask> works as a private investor focusing on Internet companies. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for the United States Senate in 2004. Personal background
He is the son of an Iranian Jewish father that immigrated to the United States from Tehran in 1950 and a Catholic mother who immigrated from Honduras. Soon after <mask>'s birth the family moved to San Pedro Sula, Honduras, where his father was relocated with his job at Bank of America. After about one year in San Pedro Sula they moved to the capital, Tegucigalpa, for another year. In 1971, the family moved to Lima, Peru and in 1973, they moved to Quito, Ecuador.<mask> attended school at the American Cotopaxi Academy. Several years later, in 1976, the family moved back to the U.S. They settled in the New York City suburb of Greenwich, Connecticut, where they lived for four years. <mask> attended North Street Elementary School. In 1980, the family relocated to Bogotá, Colombia. <mask> attended the American school Colegio Nueva Granada. Soon after, in 1982, they moved to Mexico City, where <mask> attended the American School Foundation.They left Mexico in 1987 and, after a brief stay in San Francisco, moved back to Greenwich. <mask> attended his senior year at Greenwich High School. While there, he was awarded High Honors by the NAACP for his writing in recognition of Black History Month. <mask> attended New York University where he studied economics and Western literature and was elected president of the student government for his junior and senior years. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 1992 and shortly thereafter began work as assistant to the president of Richter & Co., Inc., an investment bank in midtown Manhattan known primarily for launching Cerberus Partners, L.P. a major American hedge fund. He later worked in the insurance industry with American Corporate Benefits, Inc. and Guardian Life Insurance Company, before starting his own securities trading and investments business in 1997. The New York Benevolence Council, Inc.Along with another graduate of NYU, <mask> founded the New York Benevolence Council, Inc. in 1993, a non-profit organization which provided mentoring and tutoring in New York City public schools, coordinated food and clothing drives, and organized fund-raisers in support of various humanitarian causes. At its height in the late 1990s and early 2000s, NYBC had over 1,000 young professionals serving as volunteer tutors and mentors to public school students, and organizing fund-raising benefits primarily for women and children who were victims of domestic violence. In 2002, New York City Mayor <mask> awarded NYBC a community service award for its work on behalf of victims of domestic violence. In 2003, after a 10-year run, NYBC donated its assets to various charitable organizations and ceased operations. Political career

1996 Congressional Race
In 1996, at the age of 25, <mask> was the Republican nominee for the U.S. Congress from New York's 8th district, covering parts of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Although he lost the race, <mask> received notable endorsements from Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani and the New York Post. The chairman of the campaign was John C. Whitehead, former chairman of Goldman Sachs & Co. and of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.Whitehead went on to head the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation, the organization in charge of rebuilding the World Trade Center after September 11 attacks. 2004 Senate Race
In January 2003, <mask> declared his intentions to run for the United States Senate against incumbent Democrat Chuck Schumer. Initially regarded as a long shot, <mask> stunned many observers when he quickly raised over $820,000 for the campaign from over 20,000 different individuals. The conservative <mask> battled with the state GOP, which decided in August 2004 there would be no primary. Despite his impressive fundraising, the Republican State Committee nominated moderate Assemblyman Howard Mills to run against Schumer. Mills went on to lose the election in the largest landslide for a Senate seat in the history of New York. <mask> publicly accused New York GOP Chairman Sandy Treadwell and Governor George Pataki of trying to muscle him out of the Senate race and undermine the democratic process.Many Republican voters were upset when <mask> was denied the chance to engage in a primary. He had campaigned throughout New York, visiting all 62 counties on several occasions, and had built strong support among political leaders and community groups. In addition, <mask> received the majority of his financial support in small donations, with only $2,500 from Political Action Committees (PACs). Mills had raised $200,000 less than <mask>, and a large portion of his campaign contributions came from PACs. Many New York Republicans were irked again in 2006 when a similar situation unfolded as the state party decided to nominate Westchester County District Attorney Jeanine Pirro over conservative lawyer Ed Cox, even though Cox had raised over $1.3 million to Pirro's $400,000. There has not been a Republican primary for Senator since 1992. His platform included simplifying the tax code, lowering taxes, reducing government spending, Social Security private accounts, a strong national defense, and a no-nonsense approach toward Iran, Syria and North Korea.His platform advocated for school choice for "all parents, not just the rich". <mask> supported banning partial-birth abortion, except for cases where the mother's life is at risk, and abolishing unfunded Medicaid mandates on municipalities. He also stated he wanted to bring jobs back to New York and limit government intervention in the economy. He espoused many very conservative opinions including support for the war in Iraq and supported both the Patriot Act and the inclusion of Iran as part of the Axis of Evil by President Bush. Electoral history

Notes

External links
<mask> for Senate 2004 Website, Archive of www.benjamin2004.com
New York Times profile
New York Benevolence Council Website, Archive of www.nybc.us
Save New York Website, Archive of www.savenewyork.org
National Iranian American Council

1969 births
American financiers
American investors
American money managers
Businesspeople in insurance
American people of Honduran descent
American people of Iranian descent
American politicians of Iranian descent
Jewish American people in New York (state) politics
Living people
New York (state) Republicans
New York University alumni
Politicians from New York City
Greenwich High School alumni
21st-century American Jews

masks:
Michael Benjamin
Michael Benjamin Bonheur
Benjamin
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Benjamin
Benjamin
Michael Bloomberg
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin
Benjamin


texts:
<mask> (born November 1, 1962) is an American guitarist, vocalist, songwriter, music producer, and disc jockey born in Olympia, Washington. Known for his uniquely deep and droning singing voice, <mask> was a founding member of the bands Cool Rays, Beat Happening, Dub Narcotic Sound System, The Go Team and The Halo Benders. <mask> is also the founder and owner of the influential indie label K Records (now Dub Narcotics) and has been cited as a major player in the beginning of the modern independent music movement. As a prominent figure in the Olympia music scene, he was one of the major organizers of the seminal International Pop Underground Convention. Career

Early years
<mask>'s first introduction to underground culture was in 1977 when he became a volunteer at Olympia's community radio station, KAOS-FM, at the age of fifteen. The station's uniquely progressive programming policy mandated a focus on music available through independent and artist owned labels, rather than centralized corporate media. This independent, do-it-yourself ethos has been an important influence on <mask>'s career.<mask> soon began writing for fanzines, such as Sub/Pop (later to become Sub Pop Records) and Op, and also organized music and film events. <mask> attended The Evergreen State College in Olympia, where his first band, a short-lived group called Cool Rays, made their debut recordings with Steve Fisk in 1981. <mask> established K in the summer of 1982. At some point, his father gave him a Martin acoustic guitar. He later told an interviewer that his father had "received it as a wedding present from his bride." Beat Happening

<mask> formed Beat Happening in 1982 with fellow Evergreen students Heather Lewis and Bret Lunsford. Beat Happening were early leaders in the American indie rock and lo-fi movements, noted for their use of primitive recording techniques, disregard for the technical aspects of musicianship, and songs with subject matters of a childish or coy nature.Instruments were guitar and drums, with members frequently switching instruments and <mask> and Heather taking turns on lead vocals. Tours with artists such as Fugazi confused and alienated audience members. while articulating a punk rock position of defiance that was more sensitive than macho. The band has been on hiatus since 1992, but briefly resurfaced to release a new 7" in 2001. Go Team

The Go Team was a collaborative project started in 1985 based around the core duo of <mask> and Tobi Vail, later of Bikini Kill & Kill Rock Stars. They toured the West Coast as a two piece, adding Billy Karren for two U.S. tours. The group released several cassettes and 9 singles on K, with a rotating cast of collaborators that included Kurt Cobain, Rich Jensen, David Nichols, and Donna Dresch.All of their recordings are currently out of print. Dub Narcotic Sound System

Dub Narcotic Sound System, named after <mask>'s famed analog recording studio, was a project that explored funkier, more dance-party-oriented material in the tradition of the Stax/Volt house bands. <mask> was the sole member to appear on every recording, surrounded by a loose collective of musicians that's included Larry Butler, Todd Ranslow, and Brian Weber (all members of hip-hop group Dead Presidents). Numerous 7" singles and several full-length albums were released. The revolving door nature of the ensemble led to collaborations with  Jon Spencer Blues Explosion,  Lois Maffeo and director/writer/performer Miranda July. The lineup later solidified around the trio of <mask>, bassist Chris Sutton (C.O.C.O, Hornet Leg, The Gossip) and drummer Heather Dunn (Tiger Trap). A catastrophic tour van crash in Montana in 2003 nearly ended the band's career in tragedy.<mask> suffered a major concussion that left him with broken ribs and a serious speech impediment; he has since largely recovered. The band has not toured or released recordings since 2004's Degenerate Introduction. Halo Benders

Halo Benders was a collaboration between <mask> and Doug Martsch of Built To Spill. From 1994–1998, they released three albums. <mask>'s deep baritone voice and Doug's high melodies are heard simultaneously, occasionally harmonizing, but often operating independently of one another. Despite the Halo Benders' critical and commercial success, Martsch's commitment to touring with Built To Spill prevented the band from touring and recording more. The band reunited for a 2008 performance in Boise, and may be working on new material.Solo career
Concurrent with his activity with Dub Narcotic Sound System, <mask> began performing solo shows under his own name. <mask>'s solo material was a marked contrast to the upbeat rock of Halo Benders and the funk-soul of DNSS, as it allowed him to explore mournful blues, folk, & gospel elements. His first solo album, What Was Me, is an introspective album about love, loss, and death. While some songs employ simple nylon-string guitar accompaniment, many feature only <mask>'s voice. It also contains duets with Beth Ditto of The Gossip and Mirah. His second album, Before the Dream Faded..., is more varied. It includes collaborations with a variety of northwest indie luminaries.The songs cover an odd range of subjects, such as the size and color of hearts, Lucifer, and falling in love. His third album <mask> & The Sons of the Soil is a career-spanning collection of re-recorded songs with a band consisting of Kyle Field, Adam Forkner, and Jason Anderson, documenting that ensemble's 2003 West Coast touring lineup. His fourth album A Wonderful Beast, is true to <mask>'s long established vocal and poetic style with a more contemporary production value created in part by the records producer Patrick Carney of The Black Keys who also worked as a one-man backing band of guitars, drums, bass, and keyboards. Current projects

In 2008, <mask> appeared in the film The Lollipop Generation by G.B. Jones. <mask>'s newest project is Hive Dwellers, who made their recorded début performing Superchunk's "My Noise" on SCORE! 20 Years of Merge Records: The Covers!A full-length release is planned for fall 2009. <mask> has also revived his Dub Narcotic Disco Plate 45 rpm series, collaborating with artists such as Atlas Sound, Mahjongg, and Joey Casio at Dub Narcotic to record an A-side, and creating a Selector Dub Narcotic version for the b-side. Relationship with other musicians

After meeting Ian MacKaye in 1980, <mask> later became friends with the members of Fugazi, and Beat Happening was the opening band on one of Fugazi's first tours. <mask> has worked with Modest Mouse, Beck, Heavenly, The Microphones, Jon Spencer Blues Explosion, The Blow, Jens Lekman, Mecca Normal, The Gossip and Built to Spill, Fifth Column, among many others. Since founding his Dub Narcotic recording studio in 1993, he has produced and engineered recordings by many bands and artists. Friends of Kurt Cobain such as Ian Dickson of Earth, Mark Arm of Mudhoney, Bruce Pavitt and Slim Moon have all acknowledged <mask>'s significant influence on the late musician. Cobain cited Beat Happening's Jamboree as one of his favorite records, and even got the K Records logo (a small "K" in a shield) tattooed on his arm to "try and remind [him] to stay a child."They were friends in the late 80s/early 90s when Cobain lived in Olympia; he'd been a guest with The Go Team, and on September 25, 1990, Cobain appeared on a KAOS (FM) show hosted by <mask> and performed a number of songs acoustically, including a duet with <mask> on the Wipers song, "D-7." Cobain later grew to resent <mask>'s "arrogance" and denounced his ties in a (private) journal entry. <mask> is also referred to in the John Peel session version of the Hole song, "Olympia" (also credited as "Rock Star" on the album Live Through This). The band's lead singer, Courtney Love has the line: 'I went to school with <mask>,' a reference to <mask>'s influence within the burgeoning Olympia indie music scene. In 1993, <mask> had a restraining order placed on Love for harassment and assault. Solo discography
What Was Me (2002, K Records)
Before the Dream Faded... (2005, K Records)
<mask> & The Sons of the Soil (2007, K Records)
This Party Is Just Getting Started (as Selector Dub Narcotic, 2016, K Records)
A Wonderful Beast (2018)

References

External links

Interview with Kittenpants

American baritones
Beat Happening members
K Records artists
Sub Pop artists
Evergreen State College alumni
Musicians from Olympia, Washington
1962 births
Living people
American punk rock singers
American punk rock guitarists
American indie rock musicians
Guitarists from Washington (state)
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
Dub Narcotic Sound System members

masks:
Calvin Johnson
Johnson
Calvin Johnson
Calvin
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Calvin
Johnson
Calvin
Johnson
Calvin
Johnson
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Calvin Johnson


texts:
<mask> (born August 4, 1985) is a Japanese-American singer-songwriter, guitarist and YouTuber. <mask> was the winner of the 2008 Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest, earning a recording contract with Interscope Records and having her music video played during the commercials of Super Bowl XLII on February 3, 2008. In 2010, <mask> released her album Stairwells and the music video for "In Your Arms", leading to appearances on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. <mask> joined the crowdsource funding platform Patreon in 2014 shortly before releasing her album Elements. While touring in support of Elements, <mask> was held in Indonesia for one hundred days. Longtime collaboration with Wong Fu Productions culminated in a starring role in the YouTube Red Original romantic comedy series Single by 30. In 2018 Grannis released In the Waiting, the first album off her listener supported label, shortly before making a cameo appearance in the award-winning box office smash Crazy Rich Asians and embarking on an international concert tour.Early life and career beginnings

<mask> grew up in Mission Viejo, California. <mask> attended Viejo Elementary School, Newhart Middle School and, from 1999 to 2003, Capistrano Valley High School. <mask> enrolled at the University of Southern California (USC) in Los Angeles in 2003. Two years later, staff members of the University's Thornton School of Music asked her to produce an album in their music and music industry departments. That album, Sincerely, Me., was released the same year. In 2007, she graduated summa cum laude in social science with an emphasis on psychology. While attending USC, she was inducted into academic society Phi Beta Kappa.Career
In 2006, <mask> recorded and self-released two more albums, One More in the Attic and In Memory of the Singing Bridge. In early 2007, she recorded "Ours to Keep" written by Rachael Lawrence and Deborah Ellen. This song would be featured regularly on General Hospital and was in an episode of the ABC Family's mini-series Samurai Girl in September 2008. On November 14, 2007, she created her YouTube account and began posting videos of her songs online. Her first video, "Message from Your Heart", was entered into Doritos Crash the Super Bowl contest. Her progress in the competition was covered in The Orange County Register and The Wall Street Journal. and featured on FOX News Los Angeles, Good Day L.A. and Yahoo!.The contest, which she won, landed her a contract with Interscope Records. Her YouTube videos have received more than 99 million views and have propelled her to become one of YouTube's most popular personalities. <mask> planned to work with Interscope Records to produce a new album, but in January 2009, she announced that she was leaving the label to be an independent artist. On February 24, 2008, <mask> sang the national anthem for the Auto Club 500 NASCAR race in Fontana, California. In June 2009 her songs "Never Never" and "People" were used in episodes of MTV's reality series College Life. On January 13, 2010, <mask> was the headliner at a sold-out show at The Troubadour club in Los Angeles. Stairwells (2010)
Stairwells was released on February 23, 2010, and included many original songs already appearing on YouTube, as well as three previously unreleased songs: "World in Front of Me", "In Your Arms", and "Mr. Sun".Stairwells debuted at No. 139 on the Billboard 200, No. 5 on the Billboard Top Internet Albums chart, No. 2 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart, and No. 18 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart. The location of her release party for Stairwells, the Dakota Lounge in Santa Monica, was the subject of an article in the Orange Country Register because the venue enabled her to show her gratitude to her fans. On March 13, 2010, her single "Valentine" was played by Paul Gambaccini on BBC Radio 2, a popular radio station in the UK.The music video for "Valentine" directed by a young and talented viral video director Ross Ching has been viewed well over 21 million times on YouTube. <mask>' Stairwells Springtime Tour began in San Francisco on May 24, 2010, and concluded in late June after several stints on the East Coast and in Canada. Her Fall Tour began on September 17, 2010, and concluded on November 17, 2010. On July 10, 2010, she played at Lilith Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. In 2010, <mask> was featured as Judy in a miniseries by Wong Fu Productions entitled "Funemployed". In early 2011, <mask> was awarded the title of Sirius/XM CoffeeHouse's 2010 Singer-Songwriter Discovery of the Year after a months-long online voting period. Her song "Heart and Mind" was used for the German TV series Anna und die Liebe.On November 3, 2011, <mask> released a stop-motion music video for the single In Your Arms, using 288,000 Jelly Belly jelly beans. It took about 2 years to complete the project. The video accumulated over 1 million views within the first three days. It now has over 13 million views. World in Front of Me Tour (2011)
In April 2011, <mask> launched her first world tour. She performed in the eastern regions of Canada and in the eastern and southern regions of the United States. She continued in May through the northwest region of North America which included stops in Vancouver, British Columbia, and Los Angeles.Shows in Europe and southeast Asia followed into the fall of 2011. In Your Arms Tour (2011)
In late 2011 and into 2012, <mask> launched her In Your Arms Tour in Europe, Asia (Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia, Hong Kong), Australia, and North America. In March 2013, <mask> gave a talk at TEDx Hollywood titled 'Finding Community Through the Internet'. Elements (2014)
Elements was released on May 6, 2014, and was produced by Matt Hales (a.k.a. Aqualung). Starting in November 2013, <mask> began ramping up for the forthcoming album with the launch of "Kina Mondays", which promised a weekly video via Kina's YouTube channel. Nearly six months later, she continued to deliver on that promise and released a video for "The Fire", the first single from Elements.The song showcases acoustics and folk-driven vocals. The following week another album track was released via video with a stripped-down version of "My Own" featuring her sisters. "Dear River", an upbeat track, premiered on Glamour'''s "Obsessed Blog". Elements debuted at No. 48 on the Billboard 200, No. 4 on the Billboard Americana/Folk chart, and No. 7 on the Billboard Independent Albums chart.On its release day, Elements hit No. 2 on iTunes Singer Songwriter Chart, and No. 1 on iTunes Canada. <mask> announced that she would be celebrating the release of her sophomore studio album Elements with fans at a handful of intimate shows across North America, kicking off with a show at the Troubadour in Hollywood on May 6 – Elements release date. From there, she performed in San Francisco, New York City, Brooklyn, DC, Boston, Toronto, and Chicago. The select dates were the first time fans could hear Elements live and also served as her first official headline run since the spring of 2012. In late 2014 and 2015, <mask> launched her Elements tour in Europe and North America.She embarked on a tour of Southeast Asia, but was only able to play two shows before she and her band were detained by Indonesian authorities for having the wrong type of visas. <mask> and her crew were deported from the country after three months. Patreon
<mask> joined Patreon, a site created by Jack Conte to provide artists a living via direct support, in April 2014. In April 2017, <mask> created a record label entirely composed of her patrons and began creating an album entirely funded by her supporters. On advice of these supporters, the record label was named KG Records. <mask> began recording, producing, and releasing songs from the upcoming album throughout 2017. In the Waiting (2018)
Her first major release under KG Records was the album In The Waiting, on June 29, 2018.Collaborations
<mask> has been a part of several Wong Fu Productions short films including The Last, as well as the series Funemployed and Single by 30. She has also appeared in other YouTube stars' videos. One of the bands <mask> has performed with in YouTube videos is Boyce Avenue. They have recorded many cover songs together such as Fast Car, originally by Tracy Chapman, and the song With or Without You by U2. She also collaborated with Ryan Higa, David Choi, and Jesse Epstein to create a comedic song and music video, titled "Millennial Love". Personal life
<mask> has two sisters, Misa and Emi, both of whom have occasionally been featured in her video blogs, as well as accompanying her at concerts and on tour. Her father, Gordon, is a chiropractor, and her mother, Trish, is a graphic designer.On August 31, 2013, <mask> married frequent musical collaborator Jesse Epstein in a small ceremony in Los Angeles, California, after they had dated for 11 years. They met while attending Capistrano Valley High School in 2002; Jesse was in the grade below Kina. <mask> used footage from her wedding to create the music video she released for her song "My Dear". In June 2021, after years of struggling with infertility, <mask> announced that she and her husband were expecting a daughter. On September 14, 2015, <mask> and her band left Los Angeles heading to Jakarta, Indonesia. It would have been the first concert in a tour of Southeast Asia. Due to complications with her work visa, she was detained for 100 days in the country.During this time she was told to not talk about her struggles or create any YouTube videos. While waiting each day for an update she was able to write two songs, California and For Now. Philanthropy
An avid supporter of cancer research, <mask> has performed at several Southern California Relay For Life functions over the years. In late 2007, she contributed her music to the Band Together: To Fight Measles benefit album. In October 2008, she participated in the Nike Women's Marathon in San Francisco to support the Leukemia Lymphoma Society in honor of her mother, raising $6,000 for the organization. In 2009, the philanthropic organization Sister to Sisters adopted her song Message from Your Heart.In 2011, <mask> contributed her song Message from Your Heart to a benefit album released as part of a broader relief effort for the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. In 2012, she launched a charity project called Run Team Kina dedicated to the promotion of personal health and wellness and to raise money for the Leukemia Lymphoma Society.In 2012, Run Team Kina raised $71,886 for The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. DiscographySincerely, Me.One More in the AtticIn Memory of the Singing BridgeStairwellsElementsIn the WaitingIt's Hard To Be HumanSongs in other media

Television appearances
 Good Day, LA (KTTV, Los Angeles) – February 5, 2008
 NASCAR California 500 (Fox, National) – February 24, 2008
 The Early Show (CBS, National) – June 19, 2010
 San Diego Living (XETV, San Diego) – September 14, 2010
 The Morning Show (WJXT, Jacksonville) – October 6, 2010
 Good Day (WOFL, Orlando) – October 8, 2010
 Featured in "Nice Guys" Music Video with Chester See, NigaHiga, and KevJumba – May 31, 2011
 Taratata (France 2, Paris – France) – November 9, 2011
 Ellen (Syndicated, National) – November 15, 2011
 E! News (E!, National)- November 22, 2011
 Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC, National)- January 12, 2012
 Channel News Asia AM LIVE! ( Singapore ) –  March 20, 2012
 The Real L Word (uncredited) (Showtime) – September 6, 2012

Web Series appearances
 Single by 30 as Joanna Taylor (YouTube Red Original Series) – (August 24, 2016 – October 4, 2016)

Film appearances
 Crazy Rich Asians'' as herself – August 15, 2018

Awards and nominations

References

External links

 Official site

1985 births
Living people
21st-century American women guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American women singers
American women pop singers
American women singer-songwriters
American musicians of Japanese descent
American pop guitarists
American YouTubers
Interscope Records artists
Musicians from Orange County, California
People from Mission Viejo, California
Guitarists from California
Singer-songwriters from California
University of Southern California alumni
21st-century American singers

masks:
Kina Kasuya Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
Grannis
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Grannis
Grannis
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Grannis


texts:
<mask> (;  1223 – May 1, 1277), known as <mask> the Great (Урош Велики) was the King of Serbia from 1243 to 1276, succeeding his brother <mask>. He was one of the most important rulers in Serbian history. Early life
<mask> was the youngest son of <mask> the First-Crowned and Anna, the granddaughter of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice. He had two older half-brothers, on his father's side, kings <mask> and <mask>. Scholars have argued that Bulgarian influence had been strong and unpopular, causing opposition that led to Vladislav's deposition after the death of Asen. The revolting nobility had chosen <mask> as their candidate for king; from 1242 to spring 1243, a war for the throne was fought, which ended with Vladislav being forced to give up the crown in favour of <mask>. It seems that <mask> captured Vladislav.The main resistance against <mask> was led by Vladislav's wife, Beloslava. The hostilities did not last long. <mask> was courteous towards Vladislav, gave him the administration of Zeta. Administration
At 25 years of age, very young, he took the throne from his brother Vladislav, and despite not having support from in-laws as was the case with his brothers, he immediately ruled energetic and determined. Prior to his accession, the land had been looted by the Tatars and there were widespread internal conflicts; <mask> managed in a short time to resolve all important issues in the state and in its foreign policy. The situation in Europe and in the Balkans were quite favorable for Serbia, which he very cleverly used for his benefit. During his reign Serbia significantly strengthened itself and progressed in every way.<mask> correctly determined the direction in political pretensions through penetrating the south in Macedonia and conflict with Hungary in Podunavlje. The land was politically and militarily prepared for serious politics and definitive fortification of Serbia and the Serb people in the Vardar valley and the middle Podunavlje. Apart from this, <mask> also correctly determined the direction of Serbian trade politics, as he on several occasions in his fight against the Republic of Ragusa wanted to eliminate Ragusan brokerage and exploitation in his state. Particular significance in his domestic politics is that he strongly stressed the state principle above all else, and subordinated the churches (both Orthodox and Catholic) to state interests. He was instrumental in the definite solution to the conflict between the archbishoprics of Bar and Dubrovnik regarding power in Serbia, resolved in favour of Bar. <mask> was the first to begin exploiting the mines, which would later become one of the main sources of material wealth and power of the Serbian state in the Middle Ages. As a first result of the opening of mines came the forging of Serbian coins, which he first minted on the Venetian model.He protected and assisted literature and writers; i.e. gave impetus to the preparation of a new, more comprehensive and ornate biography of his grandfather Nemanja, whom he fully modeled himself after. Married to Helen of the French royal family, he lived a modest patriarchal life, happy and content within his family, and he in contrast to the splendor of the Byzantine court, proudly emphasized modesty to the Byzantine deputies, which dominated at his court, where everyone had to work. In foreign policy <mask> skillfully used to his advantage the conflict between the Despotate of Epirus and the Empire of Nicaea, two Greek states, both of which sought to inherit the Byzantine Empire and take Constantinople from the Latin Empire. But when the Latin Empire fell, and Emperor Michael Palaiologos of Nicaea took Constantinople, <mask> began to coalite with his wife's cousin, Charles of Anjou, who wanted to recapture Constantinople, and through that alliance take as much Byzantine land as possible. Via Charles, who had family ties with the Hungarian kings, <mask> at the end of his reign also approached Hungary, with whom he long had been in a bad relation with, and married his eldest son and heir, <mask>, to Catherine, the daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V.

Pushed by his in-laws, with the help of the army he received from Hungary, Dragutin, unhappy with not getting more participation in the government, revolted and defeated his father and took over the throne. <mask> retired with his loyals to Hum, where, disappointed, dissatisfied and angry, he died soon thereafter.Economic development

Mining
Under <mask> I, Serbia became a significant power in the Balkans, partly due to economic development through opening of mines. The mines were developed by the "Sasi" (Saxons), who were experienced in the extracting of ore. Their settlements, located by the mines, had privileged status – they lived under their own laws and were allowed to adhere to Catholicism and build their churches. Important mines were located at Novo Brdo, Brskovo and Rudnik. Trade
Economic prosperity was also fostered by the related intensification of trade with the Dalmatian cities of Dubrovnik and Kotor. The increase in the mining of silver and in trade naturally led to the introduction of larger quantities of royal coinage, modeled after the Venetian standard. Military operations

War with Ragusa
In 1252–1253, <mask> <mask> was at war with the Republic of Ragusa, which bordered the Hum, which was held by his kinsman Radoslav Andrijić. Radoslav swore to fight Ragusa as long as it was in conflict with Serbia, at the same time boasting relations with Béla IV of Hungary.Ragusa took up an alliance with Bulgaria. Peace was ensured in a charter dated May 22, 1254, and the crisis ended. During the second half of the 1260s a new war broke out with Ragusa, which was secretly favored by the Serbian queen. A treaty was signed in 1268, specifying the amount of protection money that Dubrovnik was expected to supply annually to the Serbian king. The arrangement remained largely unbroken for the next century. War with Hungary

In 1268 the Serbian king invaded the Hungarian possessions south of the Danube in Mačva, what is now western central Serbia. In spite of some initial success, <mask> was captured by the Hungarians and forced to purchase his release.A peace treaty was signed between the two kingdoms, and <mask>'s son <mask> of Serbia was married to Catherine, the daughter of the future king Stephen V of Hungary. Conflict with Dragutin
By the end of his reign, <mask> apparently succeeded in suppressing the autonomy of Zahumlje, where the local princes became virtually indistinguishable from the rest of the nobility. In his effort to achieve centralization, the king appears to have alienated his eldest son by refusing to grant him an appanage. The conflict between father and son exacerbated, and the king apparently considered making his younger son, the future <mask>, his heir. Worried about the inheritance and his very life, <mask> finally demanded the throne in 1276. When <mask> refused, Dragutin rebelled and received help from his Hungarian relatives. The allies defeated the Serbian king and <mask> was forced to abdicate and retire to an unidentified monastery in Hum where he died a year or two later.His remains were later moved to his monastic foundation of Sopoćani. Endowments

Family

By his wife Helen, who was either an Angevin princess or a daughter of the Latin Emperor of Constantinople, <mask> I had at least three sons:
 <mask>, who succeeded as king
 <mask>, who succeeded as king in 1282
 Brnjača, a daughter

Annotations

References

Sources

External links

13th-century Serbian monarchs
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
1277 deaths
Year of birth unknown
1223 births
Economy of Serbia in the Middle Ages
Mining in Serbia
Nemanjić dynasty
People of the Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)
Monarchs who abdicated
Burials at Sopoćani

masks:
Stefan Uroš I
Uroš
Stefan Vladislav
Stefan Uroš
Stefan
Stefan Radoslav
Stefan Vladislav
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Uroš
Stefan Dragutin
Uroš
Stefan Uroš
Uroš
I
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Dragutin
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Milutin
Stefan Dragutin
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Uroš
Stefan Dragutin
Stefan Milutin