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<mask> (; born 25 June 1985) is an Algerian former professional footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. During his playing time career, <mask> played for SC Freiburg, Borussia Mönchengladbach, Eintracht Frankfurt, 1. FC Kaiserslautern, Al-Arabi, Huddersfield Town, 1860 Munich and Adelaide United. An Algeria international from 2007, <mask> featured at the 2010 FIFA World Cup and 2010 Africa Cup of Nations. During his career, he won 30 international caps and scored two goals. <mask> played in the midfield position, where he could play behind the tips or right and said his favourite position is right wing. Club career

SC Freiburg
Born in Strasbourg, France, <mask> joined his hometown club of Vauban Strasbourg when he was six years old.He then joined RC Strasbourg, where he began his playing career. After coming up through the academy team, <mask> was not offered a professional contract and was then rejected by Racing Club. He subsequently briefly played for the amateur side Vauban Strasbourg before leaving for Germany to join SC Freiburg's reserve side in 2004. After spending his first season with the club's reserve side, <mask> was eventually promoted to the senior side in the second–half of the 2005–06 season. He made his SC Freiburg first team debut on 28 January 2006, coming on as a substitute for Ibrahim Tanko in the 67th minute, in a 1–0 win over Dynamo Dresden. In a match against 1860 Munich on 27 February 2006, <mask> set up a goal for Aleksandre Iashvili, who went on to score twice, in a 2–1 win. On 3 May 2006, he scored his first goals, in a 2–1 win over Hansa Rostock.His assists in the last two matches against Alemannia Aachen and Greuther Fürth saw the club win both matches, but failed to bounce back to Bundesliga after finishing fourth place in the league. At the end of the 2005–06 season, <mask> made a total of 16 appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. In the 2006–07 season, <mask> continued to feature in the first team at the start of the season with SC Freiburg. He then set up for the first two goals in the match, in a 3–3 draw against Greuther Fürth on 22 September 2006. However, <mask> suffered a knee injury that saw him sidelined for the rest of the year. But he made his return to the starting line–up against Hansa Rostock on 22 January 2007 and helped the club win 1–0. On 15 April 2007, <mask> scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–0 win over 1.FC Köln. He later scored two more goals, coming against Karlsruher SC and TuS Koblenz, as SC Freiburg finished fourth place in the league. At the end of the 2006–07 season, <mask> finished the season, making 33 appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2007–08 season, <mask> signed a contract extension with SC Freiburg, keeping him until 2010. At the start of the season, he remained in the first team regular for the side, rotating in playing either midfield positions and striker position. <mask>'s first goal of the season came on 26 September 2007 against 1. FC Köln and setting up the club's second goal of the game, in a 3–1 win.A month later, he added two more goals for SC Freiburg, coming against FC St. Pauli and Hamburger SV. Shortly after, <mask> suffered a thigh injury that saw him miss one match. But he made his return to the starting line–up against 1860 Munich on 25 November 2007 and helped SC Freiburg draw 2–2. Following his return from injury, <mask> regained his first team place for the rest of the season despite facing another sideline along the way. His fourth goal of the season came on 17 February 2008 against FC Augsburg and scored the only goal of the game, in a 1–0 win. He later scored two more goals later in the 2007–08 season, coming against 1860 Munich and Borussia Mönchengladbach. At the end of the 2007–08 season, <mask> went on to make 34 appearances and scoring six times in all competitions, as the club finished fifth place.By the time of his departure, he made 79 league appearances in three seasons in the 2. Bundesliga. Borussia Mönchengladbach

On 4 June 2008, <mask> joined newly promoted Bundesliga club Borussia Mönchengladbach on a four-year contract, with the team paying his former club SC Freiburg €2 million for the transfer. <mask> made his Borussia Mönchengladbach debut, where he started and played 61 minutes before coming off as a substitute, in an 8–1 win over VfB Fichte Bielefeld in the first round of DFB-Pokal. A week later, on 17 August 2008, <mask> made his league debut for the club, starting the whole game, in a 3–1 loss against VfB Stuttgart in the opening game of the season. Two weeks later, on 30 August 2008, he scored his first goal for Borussia Mönchengladbach, in a 3–2 win over Werder Bremen. Since joining the club, <mask> quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side.Despite receiving criticism for his lack of goal scoring form, he later scored two more goals for the club as the season progressed and they went on to finish 15th place in the league. Despite missing out one game during the 2008–09 season, <mask> was ever present in the league, as he went on to make 35 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. <mask> finished his first season at Borussia Mönchengladbach, making 35 appearances (34 in the league) and scoring three times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2009–10 season, <mask> was linked a move away from the club, with Turkish side Fenerbahçe interested in signing him, but he stayed at the club throughout the summer. <mask> then scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win over Hertha BSC on 25 August 2009. Having started out playing in the midfield position, he soon lost his playing time, but regained his first team place, playing in the striker position despite suffering goal drought. This last until late–December when <mask> found himself out of the starting line–up, due to injuries and international commitment.After the end of African Cup of Nations, he returned to the first team, coming on as a second-half substitute, setting up the winning goal, in a 2–1 win over 1. FC Nürnberg on 12 February 2010. For the rest of the season, <mask> continued to remain in the first team despite his struggles to score and his own injury concerns. At the end of the 2009–10 season, he went on to make 27 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. On 1 August 2010, during Borussia Mönchengladbach's arranged friendly match versus Liverpool as part of their 110th anniversary celebrations at Borussia Park, <mask> took advantage of some poor play by Daniel Ayala inside the area and produced a powerful finish in the eighth minute. They won the contest thanks to <mask>'s goal, with the final score being 1–0. At the start of the 2010–11 season, he suffered three injuries in the first four months to the season.On 6 November 2010, <mask> returned to the first team from injury, coming on as a late substitute, in a 3–3 draw against Bayern Munich. However, his return was short–lived when he missed one match, due to a flu in mid–January, but quickly recovered and returned to the first team against Bayer Leverkusen on 23 January 2011. In a follow–up in a league fixture against Eintracht Frankfurt on 30 January 2011, <mask> came on as a substitute for Mike Hanke in the forty-sixth minute and came close to scoring with a header which bounced off the top of the crossbar but he set up the only goal scored in the encounter which was a cross from the left side to Igor de Camargo, who put the ball away inside the far right post, as the club won 1–0. Since returning from injury, <mask> rotated in and out of the starting line–up, although he remained in the first team for the remainder of the season. <mask> played in both legs of the league's relegation play–offs against VfL Bochum as a late substitute, as Borussia Mönchengladbach won 2–1 on aggregate and retained its Fußball-Bundesliga spot for the 2011–12 season. At the end of the 2010–11 season, he went on to make a total of 23 appearances in all competitions. Following this, Express reported that <mask> could be leaving the club.Eintracht Frankfurt
On 1 July 2011, <mask> signed a one-year contract, with Eintracht Frankfurt holding the option of a further two-year extension. The two clubs agreed not to release the transfer fee, therefore the fee was kept as undisclosed. Eintracht Frankfurt chairman Heribert Bruchhagen said: "In signing <mask> <mask> we've found the optimal solution for the vacant slot on the right of the attack, in line with (coach) Armin Veh's wishes", about the signing of <mask>. <mask> quickly made an impact at the club when he scored on his debut, in a 3–2 win over Greuther Fürth in the opening game of the season. Three weeks later on 7 August 2011, <mask> set up two goals for Alexander Meier, who scored twice, in a 3–0 win against Eintracht Braunschweig. Since making his debut for Eintracht Frankfurt, he quickly established himself in the starting eleven for the side, playing in the right–midfield. By the end of 2011, <mask> scored two more goals, coming against FC Ingolstadt 04 and Alemannia Aachen, adding three goals to his tally this season so far.<mask> then scored a hat–trick on 18 February 2012, as well as, setting up one of the club's goals, in a 6–1 win over FSV Frankfurt. After suffering an injury in early–March, <mask> spent the rest of the season in the first team, coming on as a substitute in a number of matches. Despite this, the club was promoted to Bundesliga after he played 14 minutes as a substitute to help Eintracht Frankfurt beat Alemannia Aachen 3–0 on 23 April 2012. At the end of the 2011–12 season, <mask> went on to make 30 appearances and scoring six times in all competitions. At the start of the 2012–13 season, <mask> was placed on the substitute bench for the first three matches of the season following a thigh injury he sustained. By September, <mask> soon received a handful of playing time, mostly coming from the substitute bench. He then scored his first goal (and only) of the season, in a 3–1 win over Hannover 96 on 20 October 2012.Despite his goal drought, his performance convinced Manager Armin Veh, saying: "Karim deserves to play from the start." The following month saw the player was sent–off on two occasions, both of them were second bookable offence against Schalke 04 and Fortuna Düsseldorf. Following his return, <mask> continued to find his playing time, coming from the substitute bench for the rest of the 2012–13 season. His contributions helped the club finish sixth place in the league, resulting in Eintracht Frankfurt's qualification in the UEFA Europa League next season. At the end of the 2012–13 season, he went on to make 24 appearances and scoring once in all competitions. 1. FC Kaiserslautern
On 21 June 2013, <mask> joined 1.FC Kaiserslautern on a free transfer after his contract at Eintracht Frankfurt came to an end. He joined the club, signing a two–year contract, to become the

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 club's fourth signing of the season. <mask> made his 1. FC Kaiserslautern debut, where he started the whole game, in a 1–0 win over SC Paderborn in the opening game of the season. Then, on 3 August 2013, <mask> scored his first goal for the club, in a 7–0 win over Neckarsulmer SU in the first round of DFB-Pokal. Since making his debut, he quickly established himself in the first team at 1. FC Kaiserslautern.<mask> then played in the right–back position for the first time after the club was low of right–back position, in a 1–0 loss against SV Sandhausen on 14 September 2013. A week later on 25 September 2013, he scored for the second time in the tournament in the second round of DFB-Pokal, in a 3–1 win over Hertha BSC. On 8 November 2013, <mask> scored his first league goal for 1. FC Kaiserslautern, in a 4–0 win over FSV Frankfurt. His fourth goal of the season came on 23 February 2014, in a 2–1 loss against VfR Aalen. Since the start of the 2013–14 season, he started in every match for the club until he sustained a thigh injury while training, resulting in him missing one match. <mask> returned from injury in a match against Arminia Bielefeld on 26 March 2014, coming on as a second half substitute, in a 1–1 draw.However, his return was short–lived when he was suspended for picking up five yellow cards this season. His return from suspension later saw him contribute for 1. FC Kaiserslautern by setting up two goals, in a 4–0 win against Dynamo Dresden and then scored his fifth goal of the season, in a 4–2 loss against Fortuna Düsseldorf, as the club finished fourth place in the league. At the end of the 2013–14 season, <mask> finished his first season at 1. FC Kaiserslautern, making 37 appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. At the start of the 2014–15 season, <mask> scored his first goal of the season and set up one of the goal, in a 2–1 win over Eintracht Braunschweig on 24 August 2014. He started in the club's first nine matches to the season, playing in the right–wing position.However, he missed two matches, due to suffering from a flu. But <mask> returned to the first team, coming on as a second half substitute, in a 1–1 draw against Fortuna Düsseldorf on 25 October 2014. Two weeks later on 7 November 2014 after returning to the first team, he set up two goals, in a 2–2 draw against VfL Bochum. However, <mask>'s return was short–lived when he suffered a flu that saw him miss two matches. But <mask> was able to return to the first team in a match against SV Sandhausen on 21 December 2014 and set up the only goal of the game, in a 1–0 win. However, his return was short–lived once again when he was not involved in the squad due to another flu and returned to the starting line–up, in a 2–1 win against Greuther Fürth on 27 February 2015. <mask> then scored his second goal of the season, in a 4–0 win over 1.FC Heidenheim on 4 April 2015. However, he was sidelined for the rest of the 2014–15 season with a thigh injury and the club went on to finish fourth place in the league once again. At the end of the 2014–15 season, <mask> went on to make 27 appearances and scoring 3 times in all competitions. With his contract about to end in the summer, <mask> was released by the club after opting against extending his contract. Al-Arabi SC
On 17 June 2015, <mask> signed a two-year deal with Al-Arabi of Kuwait after his contract at 1. FC Kaiserslautern came to an end. He previously linked a move to Karlsruher SC before moving to Kuwait.<mask> made his debut for the club in a 10–1 win against Al-Tadamun SC with scoring the 4th goal of the game. After scoring two goals in as many matches in the Kuwait Federation Cup, <mask> asked Al-Arabi to terminate his contract and filed a complaint against them to FIFA, citing financial aspects. He was subsequently released by Al-Arabi on 31 October 2015. Huddersfield Town
On 20 January 2016, after a trial period, <mask> joined English Football League Championship side Huddersfield Town on a contract until the end of the 2015–16 season. He made his début for the Terriers as a substitute in the 2–1 defeat against Brighton & Hove Albion at Falmer Stadium on 23 January 2016. He made his first start for the Terriers in the 3–2 defeat against Cardiff City on 30 January 2016. <mask> scored his first goal for Huddersfield in the West Yorkshire derby against Leeds United in Huddersfield's 4–1 victory on 19 March 2016.At the end of the 2015–16 season, where he made 13 appearances and scoring once for the side, <mask> was released from his contract after the club refused to activate a clause in his contract to extend his stay in Yorkshire for another year. 1860 Munich
At the start of the 2016–17 season <mask> signed a two-year-contract with German 2. Bundesliga club 1860 Munich. <mask> made his debut for the club, where he started and played for 61 minutes before coming off as a substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Greuther Fürth in the opening game of the season. Two week later, on 20 August 2016, <mask> scored his first goal for 1860 Munich, in the first round of DFB-Pokal, in a 2–1 win over Karlsruher SC. A month later, on 22 September 2016, <mask> played a role during a match against FC St. Pauli, setting up two goals, in a 2–2 draw. However, after handful of first team appearances, <mask>'s time at the club was soon overshadowed by injuries and being placed on the sidelines as a result.Although he soon recovered from his injuries, <mask> soon had a fallen out with new Manager Vítor Pereira and was banished to the TSV 1860 Munich II as a result. This also combined with off the pitch issues with 1860 Munich. As a result, his contract with the club was withdrawn in March 2017 despite a year on his contract left. By the time he left the club, <mask> made fourteen appearances and scoring once in all competitions. Adelaide United
On 15 August 2017, <mask> signed a 1-year deal with Australian A-League club Adelaide United. <mask> made his Adelaide United debut, where he started the whole game in the opening game of the season, in a 1–1 draw against Wellington Phoenix. He left Adelaide United in December 2017, terminating his contract early after playing 11 games.Post playing career
After leaving Australia, <mask> returned to Germany and was appointed as an assistant manager for Kehler FV in February 2018. However, he stated that he has yet been retired from professional football. After five months at the club, <mask> was appointed as the club's coach. Three months later, it was announced that <mask> was no longer on his coaching duties at the club, but stayed at Kehler FV as an advisory capacity. It was revealed in March 2019 that he passed his UEFA A licence. In September 2020, <mask> was appointed as a scout for Bayer Leverkusen, having been linked with a move for months. International career
<mask> received first call up to Algeria against Libya and made his national team debut on 6 February 2007, starting a match and played 55 minutes before coming off, in a 2–1 win.Two years later, on 7 June 2009, he scored his first ever Algeria international goal, in a 3–1 win over Egypt. Then, on 18 November 2009 against Egypt for the second time this year, <mask> came on as a substitute in the 57th minute and helped the side beat them 1–0 to qualify for the next year's World Cup. Because of his performance against Egypt, <mask> was considered a folk hero in Algeria. The following month, <mask> was selected by Saâdane to play in the 2010 African Cup of Nations hosted in Angola. At the African Cup Nations, he played his first match of the tournament, where he started and played 62 minutes, in a 3–0 loss against Malawi on 11 January 2010. <mask> scored an equaliser against Ivory Coast and the game went through extra time, as Algeria won 3–2 to ensure their qualification for the semi-finals. For his performance, <mask> was named Man of the Match.However, losses against Egypt and Nigeria saw Algeria finish in fourth place in the tournament. <mask> was then called by the national team again for the World Cup in South Africa. He played his first World Cup match on Matchday, where he started and played for 81 minutes before coming off a substitute, in a 1–0 loss against Slovenia. He went on to start the next two matches against England and USA, as Algeria ended up eliminated in the Group Stage, without scoring a single goal. After the World Cup, <mask> didn't make another Algeria appearance until on 4 June 2011, where he started and played 45 minutes before coming off as substitute at half time, in a 4–0 loss against Morocco. On 3 May 2012, <mask> announced that he would be taking a break from international play to focus on his club career. This was later revealed over his falling out with Manager Vahid Halilhodžić.Personal life
Growing up in Strasbourg, France to Algerian parents and six siblings, <mask> said he first started football was at "right in front of my house. There were two in my neighborhood, a concrete and a lawn" and idolised Raí. However, <mask> said: "The grades at school had to be right, then I was allowed to go to the table" and once did not play football for a year, describing it as "the worst time of his life." In addition to speaking French, he also speaks German and understands Arabic (he hinted that he would learn the language one day). On his political views in France, <mask> is a critic of Nicolas Sarkozy, accusing him of creating conflicts over derogatory statements against young French immigrants. <mask> is Muslim. Since 2009, <mask> is married to Algerian-German singer Manel Filali, famous for her work with Anne Ross in the pop duo Milk & Honey.Together, they have twin daughters. Career statistics

Club

International
Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Matmour goal. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at kicker.de

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Strasbourg
Algerian footballers
Algeria international footballers
French footballers
French people of Algerian descent
Algerian expatriate footballers
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in England
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait
ASPV Strasbourg players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Kuwait
RC Strasbourg Alsace players
SC Freiburg players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
1. FC Kaiserslautern players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. players
TSV 1860 Munich players
Adelaide United FC players
2. Bundesliga players
Bundesliga players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
English Football League players
A-League Men players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Al-Arabi SC (Kuwait) players
Association football midfielders
Footballers from Alsace
Kuwait Premier League players
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Australia
Expatriate soccer players in

masks: Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Matmour Karim Matmour


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<mask> (born July 29, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. He was one of the top prospects of the high school class of 2001, being named North Carolina Mr. Basketball and a McDonald's All-American. He played 4 years of college basketball for the Florida State Seminoles, and went undrafted in the 2005 NBA draft. He then earned an all-star selection in the CBA and was named the 2007 USBL Player of the Year while also leading the league in scoring. He played 9 years of professional basketball, with experiences in Germany, Japan, South Korea, the Netherlands and in the NBA D-League. High school career
<mask> is the son of Norman Primous and <mask>, and was born and raised in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he attended Leesville Road High School. He played 4 years of varsity basketball at Leesville, where he was coached by Darryl Robinson; he gained national recognition during his senior year, when he contributed to lead the team to the 4A state championship game, which Leesville lost to Richard J. Reynolds High School 94-73.<mask> was ranked the no. 9 power forward and the no. 50 player in the nation by ESPN, while Bob Gibbons ranked him 18th overall, and 1st in the state of North Carolina. During his high school years he played both the power forward and the small forward positions. He averaged 18 points, 9 rebounds and 3 assists per game in his senior season, and was named 2001 North Carolina Mr. Basketball. His successful senior year earned him a selection as a McDonald's All-American and in the Parade All-America Third Team. In the 2001 McDonald's game, which was played in Durham, North Carolina, he wore jersey number 45 (his usual 54 was taken by Kwame Brown) and he scored 10 points, shooting 4/10 from the field and 2/3 from the free throw line.He also played in another high school all-star game, the Capital Classic, where he scored 7 points (2/9 shooting, 3/4 on free throws). College career
<mask> was recruited by several NCAA Division I programs, and considered offers from Clemson, Florida State, NC State, East Carolina, Maryland and Wake Forest. He committed to Florida State in the fall of 2000, being the first player to commit for the Seminoles that year, and the sixth McDonald's All-American to sign for Florida State. After initially falling short on his SAT college admissions test, he qualified instead on the ACT. He was diagnosed with a learning disability, and his grades put his NCAA eligibility on the line: he had to follow additional summer courses in order to achieve the required grades, and in September 2001 the NCAA granted him full eligibility. <mask> chose to wear jersey number 54 (his high school number). Florida State's most decorated recruit since Randell Jackson in 1995, he found it difficult to live up to the pressure as a freshman.He played 27 games, averaging 18.3 minutes per game and posting averages of 7.1 points, 3.7 rebounds and 1 assist per game. He recorded a season-high 19 points against NC State on January 8, 2002. During the season he was once named ACC Rookie of the Week, and at the end of his first year he was selected as an All-ACC freshman team honorable mention, and he was also an All-ACC Academic Selection for his good grades. In 2002 coach Steve Robinson left the Seminoles and was replaced by Leonard Hamilton, who decided to give <mask> a starting role in the team. As a result, <mask> saw his playing time increased to 29 minutes per game, and as a sophomore he recorded career-highs in all the major statistical categories with 12.4 points, 5.3 rebounds, 1.5 assists, 1.2 steals and 1.1 blocks. He also recorded a new single game high with 20 points (including 10/10 from the foul line) along with 9 rebounds against Georgia Tech on January 14, 2003. He was second in the team for scoring and rebounding behind Tim Pickett.His junior year saw him starting the first 16 games of the season, and on December 1st, 2003 he recorded a new career-high with 27 points on 10/13 shooting (4/5 on free throws) against Northwestern. He then lost his starting role and came off the bench for the rest of the season, averaging 7.3 points, 3.6 rebounds and 1 assist per game. As a senior he only started 8 games out of 29, recording his best shooting percentages but also career-lows in points, rebounds and assists per game. He led his team in free throw percentage in his junior and senior year. He then signed for the Butte Daredevils of the Continental Basketball Association and in 46 games (42 starts) he averaged 15.5 points, 5.7 rebounds, 2 assists and 1.3 blocks in 31.9 minutes per game in the 2006–07 CBA season. He was named in the all-star team and he also won that year's slam dunk contest, dunking from the free throw line. After his experience in the CBA he moved to the United States Basketball League, signing for the Kansas Cagerz.He led the league in scoring with 20 points per game, won the USBL league title and was named the Player of the Year. He was also part of the all-USBL first team. In 2007 he participated in the Las Vegas NBA Summer League with the New Orleans Hornets, and he played 5 games (1 start) averaging 13 points, 4.4 rebounds and 0.6 blocks in 24.4 minutes per game. However, the Hornets waived him on October 12, 2007 and <mask> moved to Europe, signing for German team BSG Ludwigsburg: he played 3 games in the Basketball Bundesliga (averaging 4 points and 1.7 rebounds) and 4 games in the 2007–08 ULEB Cup, where he averaged 10.3 points, 4.5 rebounds and 1 assist in 24.3 minutes per game. He then transferred to the Netherlands, joining EiffelTowers Den Bosch where he played two seasons in the top level of Dutch basketball, participating both years in the FIBA EuroChallenge: in this competition he averaged 15.5 points and 4.9 rebounds in 12 games in 2008–09, while in 2009–10 he averaged 12.9 points and 4.8 rebounds in 12 appearances. He also won the 2008–09 NBB Cup while playing for Den Bosch, and was selected as an all-star in 2009 and 2010: he won the slam dunk contest during the 2009 DBL All-Star Gala. <mask> decided to go back to the United States and was selected in the second round of the 2010 NBA Development League draft by the New Mexico Thunderbirds.He played 13 games with the team, averaging 11.5 points and 7.4 rebounds before transferring to the Reno Bighorns, where he ended the 2010–11 season starting 27 of 30 games played with averages of 14.3 points and 6.8 rebounds in 31.1 minutes per game. In 2011 <mask> moved outside the US again, this time joining Japanese team Aishin Sea Horses. In 41 games in the top tier of Japanese basketball he recorded 10 points, 5.1 rebounds and 1.4 blocks per contest, playing 19.4 minutes. After the season ended he went back to the Reno Bighorns in the NBA D-League, and briefly played for the team (6 games) after signing for the Fort Wayne Mad Ants where he ended the 2012–13 D-League season with overall averages of 13.3 points and 4.7 rebounds per game. In 2013 he was selected in the first round of the Korean Basketball League draft by Busan KT Sonicboom. He was an all-star selection for the 2013–14 season, during which he played for two teams. He initially played for the Busan KT Sonicboom, where in 23 appearances he averaged 17.7 points, 5.4 rebounds, 2.4 assists and 1.1 blocks, and then signed for the Goyang Orions where he ended the season playing 33 more games, recording 14.2 points and 5.3 rebounds.During the 2014 all-star game in the KBL he won the slam dunk contest. His last professional experience was the 2014–15 KBL season, played with the Wonju DB Promy, where in 63 games he averaged 10.8 points, 3.7 rebounds and 1.2 assists in 15.5 minutes per game. References

External links
Stats at Proballers.com
Stats at Sports-Reference.com
D-League Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
Euro Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
Stats at CBSSports.com
Stats at RealGM.com

1983 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Japan
American expatriate basketball people in the Netherlands
American expatriate basketball people in South Korea
Basketball players from Raleigh, North Carolina
Suwon KT Sonicboom players
Heroes Den Bosch players
Florida State Seminoles men's basketball players
Fort Wayne Mad Ants players
Forwards (basketball)
Goyang Orion Orions players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
New Mexico Thunderbirds players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Reno Bighorns players
SeaHorses Mikawa players
Wonju DB Promy players
United States Basketball League players

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Anthony Lamont Richardson
Richardson
Mary Richardson
Richardson
Richardson
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<mask> (also credited as <mask>) is an English actor and comedian originating from Yorkshire. <mask> played Sgt. Paul McMellon in the feature film Kajaki, which won the Producer of The Year Award at the 2015 British Independent Film Awards and was nominated for a British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award in 2015. <mask>'s career started on the Channel 5 sketch series, The Jerry@Trick show with the alternative comedians Jerry Sadowitz, Phil Nichol and Boothby Graffoe. Andrew Newman, then the head of comedy at Five, spotted <mask> during tapings which lead to him writing and starring in seven of his own comedy and Magic series for Channel 4, Channel 5, and Sky1. His Channel 4 Series Dirty Tricks was nominated for a British Comedy Award and The Golden Rose of Montreux. He wrote and acted in the short film The Cunning Man, winner of the Arri Alexa short film competition which was long listed for a BAFTA and has currently won over 30 awards.He regularly tours the UK and internationally with comedy promoters Off the Kerb in between acting commitments. Television career
<mask> began on Jerry Sadowitz's television sketch show Jerry@Trick Show before moving on to co-write and star in TV series, including Monkey Magic (UK TV series) (nominated for The Golden Rose of Montreux), Psychic Secrets Revealed with Derren Brown (both for Channel 5)and the Secret World of Magic for Sky One. <mask> was the star of Channel 4's late night show Dirty Tricks (nominated for a British Comedy Award and The Golden Rose of Montreux). <mask> starred in the first Penn & Teller: Fool Us (ITV) hosted by Jonathan Ross. In 2011 he performed his Houdini-style water Torture Escape on The Slammer (CBBC). He has also starred in the prestigious France 2 series Le Plus Grand Cabaret du monde produced by Magic. Recent television credits include: Mr Selfridge, the role of  the villainous Patrick in multiple episodes of Emmerdale in 2016 and  The ABC Murders in 2018.Television
 2002 The Jerry@trick Show, Ronin Entertainments, Channel 5
 2002 Monkey Magic, Objective Productions, Channel 5
 2003 Psychic, Objective Productions, Channel 5
 2003 Monkey Magic Two, Objective Productions, Channel 5
 2004 Secret World of Magic, Objective Productions, Sky One
 2005 Dirty Tricks, Objective Productions, Channel 4
 2010 Talk of the Terrace, ESPN
 2011 Penn & Teller: Fool Us, September Films, ITV1
 2011 The Slammer, CBBC
 2011  Le Plus Grand Cabaret du monde, Magic, France 2
 2013 Mr Selfridge, ITV1
 2016 Emmerdale, ITV1 (multiple episodes)
 2018 The ABC Murders (TV series), BBC 1
 2021 Ragdoll, AMC

Film
<mask> portrayed Sgt. Paul "Spud" McMellon in 2014's Kajaki, which won the Producer of The Year Award at the 2015 British Independent Film Awards and was nominated for a  British Academy of Film and Television Arts Award in 2015. <mask> stars alongside Katherine Parkinson and Jay Pharoah in 2018's How To Fake A War, directed by Rudolph Herzog and produced by Film and Music Entertainment. Other recent credits include: Twist for Sky Cinema, The Obscure Life of the Grand Duke of Corsica starring Timothy Spall, Muscle directed by Gerard Johnson, In the Cloud directed by Robert Scott Wildes for Sony Pictures, the role of enterprising gangster  Teddy "Odd Legs" in Once Upon a Time in London directed by Simon Rumley, and British Independent Film Awards nominated thriller Isolani in which <mask> was directed by Paul Wilson, 2016's  The Call Up,. In 2011 he appeared in Outside Bet, directed by Sacha Bennett, alongside Bob Hoskins, Phil Davis and Jenny Agutter. He has played the lead role in ten British short film dramas, most notably the psychotic character Greg in Andrew Saunder's and Stephen Frears' Striklem. In 2007 he wrote, produced and starred in his own comedy short, The Enchanter: The Crime Fighting Magician, a spoof of 1970s detective series, directed by Adrian Vitoria.In 2011, <mask> was an executive producer on the feature film Dark Tide, starring Halle Berry. Edinburgh Spotlight review 2010
 Broadway Baby review 2010
 Chortle review 2011
 Baby review 2011

Stage
 2015, Stage, Impossible: London's Magic Spectacular, Jamie Hendry Productions, Noel Coward Theatre, London
 2011, Stage, One man show, Principles and Deceptions, Gilded Balloon, Edinburgh
 2010, Stage, One man show, Pieces of Strange, Gilded Balloon, Edinburgh
 2008, Stage, One man show, A Touch of Vegas, Gilded Balloon, Edinburgh

Further reading

Notes

External links

English magicians
English comedy writers
English male television actors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Ali Cook
Alistair Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook
Cook


texts:
<mask> is a molecular oncologist and virologist, a Professor of Molecular Oncology and Medical Director of the Department of Applied Tumor Biology at the Institute of Pathology at the University Hospital of Heidelberg. He also heads a Clinical Cooperation at the German Cancer Research Center. <mask> has published over 300 research papers about viral and molecular carcinogenesis, early detection and prevention of cancer, novel prevention, and therapeutic concepts and tumor immunology. <mask> received the Ernst von Leyden award in 1998, the Christoph-Wilhelm Hufeland award in 2000, the Distinguished Service Award for Cervical Cancer in 2006, and the Felix Burda award in 2015. Education
<mask> received his early academic education from the medical schools at Ghent in Belgium and then moved to Germany to study in the medical schools of Hamburg, Freiburg, and Kiel. From 1985 till 1994, he carried out his post-doctoral studies at the German Cancer Research Center in the Harald zur Hausen Laboratory. During this tenure, he received his Habilitation degree and teaching license for Medical Microbiology and Molecular Oncology.Career
After his post-doctoral studies, in 1995 <mask> <mask> joined the University of Heidelberg as a Professor of Molecular Oncology and Head of the Division of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy in the Department of Surgery. In 2001, he was appointed as Medical Director of the Department of Applied Tumor Biology at the Institute of Pathology of the University Hospital Heidelberg. <mask> <mask> Doeberitz's major scientific interests relate to mechanisms of human carcinogenesis by papillomaviruses and DNA mismatch repair deficiency, the identification of  novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets as well as their clinical validation and translation into routine medical care. Since the late 1980s, <mask> <mask> has investigated the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) encoded transcripts in cervical cancer cells and confirmed the oncogenic role of the viral E6 and E7  proteins in HPV associated human carcinoma cells.In 1997, <mask> Doeberitz discovered that a cellular protein referred to as p16INK4a, is uniformly overexpressed in HPV-transformed cells and could be used as diagnostic tool to improve the early detection of cervical and other papillomavirus associated cancers. This work led to the development of the CINtec® product series at mtm-laboratories AG, a spin off company of the German Cancer  Research Center co-founded by <mask> <mask> and later acquired by Roche. DNA mismatch repair deficient cancers and Lynch syndrome
<mask> <mask> and his research team pioneered the role of insertion and deletion mutations (InDels) in cancers that arise via the loss of DNA-mismatch repair functions that are also referred to as microsatellite instable cancers (MSI+). He was the first to show that patients develop specific immune responses to altered proteins encoded by the genes affected by these InDels and demonstrated that MSI cancers in particular patients affected by the Lynch syndrome predominantly develop via immune evasion mechanisms. Based on these findings, <mask> <mask> and his team develops vaccination strategies against hereditary cancer syndromes like Lynch. Awards and honors
1998 - <mask> Leyden Award for Cancer - Early Detection and Prevention
2000 - Christoph-Wilhelm Hufeland Award for Cancer - Early Detection and Prevention
2006 - Distinguished Service Award of Cervical Cancer, Eurogin Congress
2015 - Felix Burda Award

Bibliography

Books
Atlas of Histopathology of the Cervix Uteri (1991)
Color Atlas of Histopathology of the Cervix Uteri 2nd ed. (2006)

Selected articles
Klaes, R., Woerner, S.M., Ridder, R., Wentzensen, N., Duerst, M., Schneider, A., Lotz, B., Melsheimer, P. and Knebel <mask>, M. von, 1999.Detection of high-risk cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer by amplification of transcripts derived from integrated papillomavirus oncogenes. Cancer research, 59(24), pp. 6132–6136. Klaes, R., Friedrich, T., Spitkovsky, D., Ridder, R., Rudy, W., Petry, U., Dallenbach‐Hellweg, G., Schmidt, D. and Knebel Doeberitz, M. von, 2001. Overexpression of p16INK4A as a specific marker for dysplastic and neoplastic epithelial cells of the cervix uteri. International journal of cancer, 92(2), pp. 276–284.Klaes, R., Benner, A., Friedrich, T., Ridder, R., Herrington, S., Jenkins, D., Kurman, R.J., Schmidt, D., Stoler, M. and Knebel <mask>, M. von, 2002. p16INK4a immunohistochemistry improves interobserver agreement in the diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The American journal of surgical pathology, 26(11), pp. 1389–1399. Wentzensen, N., Vinokurova, S. and <mask> <mask>, M. <mask>, 2004. Systematic review of genomic integration sites of human papillomavirus genomes in epithelial dysplasia and invasive cancer of the female lower genital tract. Cancer research, 64(11), pp. 3878–3884.Zeller, G., Tap, J., Voigt, A.Y., Sunagawa, S., Kultima, J.R., Costea, P.I., Amiot, A., Böhm, J., Brunetti, F., Habermann, N. and Hercog, R., 2014. Potential of fecal microbiota for early‐stage detection of colorectal cancer. Molecular systems biology, 10(11), p. 766. Bergeron C, Ronco G, Reuschenbach M, Wentzensen N, Arbyn M, Stoler M, Knebel Doeberitz M. <mask>, 2015. The clinical impact of using p16(INK4a) immunochemistry in cervical histopathology and cytology: an update of recent developments. Int J Cancer. 136(12).pp. 2741–51. Kloor M, <mask> Doeberitz M. <mask>, 2016. The Immune Biology of Microsatellite-Unstable Cancer. Trends Cancer. 2(3), pp. 121–133.References

Living people
University of Kiel alumni
Heidelberg University faculty
German virologists
German oncologists
Year of birth missing (living people)

masks:
Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
Knebel Doeberitz
Knebel Doeberitz
Knebel Doeberitz
Knebel
Doeberitz
Knebel
Doeberitznebel
Knebel
Doeberitz
Knebel
Knebel
Doeberitz
Knebel
Doeberitz
Knebel
Doeberitz
Ernst von
Doeberitz
Doeberitz
Knebel
Doeberitz
von
von
Knebel
von


texts:
<mask> (October 13, 1932 – June 29, 2018) was a French-Italian actress, dancer, and singer. Career
Montevecchi took her first dance classes at 8 with Pierre Duprez, primo ballerino of the Opera in Paris, France. She entered the Conservatoire and completed her training of two years, with Jeanne Schwarz and Mathilde Kschessinska, on the stage of the Opéra Comique. She appeared for the first time on a stage at the Champs Elysées theater in a ballet by David Lichine. She then worked with Léonide Massine and danced in Monte Carlo for the coronation of Rainier III, Prince of Monaco in 1949. She also danced her first steps at the Casino de Paris with Jean Guélis. <mask> began her international career as a prima ballerina in Roland Petit's dance company.She appeared in The Glass Slipper with Michael Wilding and Daddy Long Legs (with Fred Astaire), in both of which she was acting with leading lady Leslie Caron. In the mid-1950s, she was signed to a contract by MGM, which cast her in various roles in such films as Moonfleet with Stewart Granger and Meet Me in Las Vegas with Cyd Charisse and John Brascia. She then played in the Jerry Lewis vehicle The Sad Sack, King Creole with Elvis Presley, and The Young Lions with Montgomery Clift, Dean Martin and Marlon Brando. She knew Gene Kelly, Elizabeth Taylor and Clark Gable, and she took classes at the Actors Studio in New York. <mask> replaced Colette Brosset in the 1958 Broadway revue La Plume de Ma Tante. After some television work in series such as Playhouse 90 and Adventures in Paradise at the end of the decade, Montevecchi opted to leave Hollywood for a star spot in the Folies Bergère in Las Vegas, toured with the company for nine years before appearing at the Folies Bergère in Paris from 1972 to 1978. In 1982, she drew the attention of critics and audiences for her performance in Nine, with Raúl Juliá, for which she won both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical.Seven years later, she starred in Grand Hotel, earning a Tony nomination for Best Actress in a Musical. On TV, she guest–starred in more than 20 shows. Montevecchi also appeared in the films Wall Street and How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days with Matthew McConaughey. She appeared in concert at Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center and toured internationally with her semi-autobiographical shows On the Boulevard and Back on the Boulevard. Her solo album On the Boulevard is available from Jay Records. She is featured in the recording of the 1985 concert version of Follies staged at Avery Fisher Hall, and she has starred in musicals such as Irma La Douce, Gigi and Hello Dolly!. In 1998, she replaced Eartha Kitt as The Wicked Witch of The West in Radio City Entertainment's touring production of The Wizard of Oz, co-starring Mickey Rooney as The Wizard and Jessica Grové as Dorothy.She continued with the show until the spring of 1999 and was succeeded by Jo Anne Worley. In 2001, <mask> appeared as Mistinguett at the Théâtre National de l’Opéra Comique in Paris. In Seattle, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, Montevecchi had a very successful turn as Madame ZinZanni at Teatro ZinZanni beginning with the production at its opening, with Frank Ferrante, Michael Davis (juggler), Les Castors, Dreya Weber, and Mat Plendl. She took part in the recording of the album The Divas with Joan Baez, Thelma Houston, Sally Kellerman, Christine Deaver, Debbie de Coudreaux, Francine Reed, Juliana Rambaldi and Kristin Clayton in 2006. She returned to Teatro ZinZanni in June 2009 to reprise the role and in September 2011 in the show Bonsoir Liliane!, starring with Kevin Kent, directed by Tommy Tune and choreographed by Tobias Larsson. In December 2010, Kaye Ballard, <mask> and Donna McKechnie starred in From Broadway with Love, directed by Richard Jay-Alexander and staged at the Lensic Theater. In early 2012, she joined Kaye Ballard and Lee Roy Reams for the musical review Doin' It for Love, directed by David Geist.In March 2015, <mask> won critical praise for recreating her Tony-nominated role of Grushinskaya in Grand Hotel: The 25th Anniversary Reunion Concert at 54 Below in New York City. In November 2015, at the behest of producer Patrick Niedo, <mask> brought her solo show Aller-Retour (Round Trip) to Paris for the first time. On July 12, 2017, she joined Francesca Capetta and Stacy Sullivan for a birthday salute to the late film star and recording artist Dean Martin in the Weill Recital Hall at New York’s Carnegie Hall. <mask> died on June 29, 2018, at age 85. A memorial service was held July 6, 2018, at Gotham Hall in New York City  and she was buried in Gambais, France. Awards and nominations
In 1982, <mask> won both the Tony and Drama Desk Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for her performance as Liliane La Fleur in Nine. Active in a number of humanitarian causes including fights against AIDS and cancer, <mask> was knighted by the Knights of Malta in 1985.She earned a Tony nomination for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance as Elizaveta Grushinskaya in Grand Hotel in 1990. She was given the Columbus Citizens Foundation's 1995 Woman of the Year Award. In April 2009, she was honored as "Entertainer of the Year" Boys' Towns of Italy at their 64th Annual "Ball of the Year" Gala. She was honored by the French Minister of Culture as the "Officer of Arts and Culture" to France and the world at large in 2013. In January 2017, <mask> was given the Lifetime Achievement Award by the Ziegfeld Society of New York City. Filmography and roles

 Women of Paris (1953) as Une Femme de Paris (as <mask>)
 The Glass Slipper (1955) as Tehara
 Daddy Long Legs (1955) as College Girl (uncredited)
 Moonfleet (1955) (as <mask> <mask> of the Ballet de Paris) as Gypsy
 Meet Me in Las Vegas (1956) (a.k.a. Viva Las Vegas!)(UK) as Lilli
 The Living Idol (1957) (a.k.a. El Ídolo viviente) (Mexico) as Juanita
 The Sad Sack (1957) as Zita
 The Young Lions (1958) as Françoise
 King Creole (1958) as Forty Nina
 Me and the Colonel (1958) as Cosette
 77 Sunset Strip (1959, TV series) as Tosca
 Behind Closed Doors (1959, TV Series) as Marcella
 Playhouse 90 (1959, TV series) as Estrella / Carla
 Adventures in Paradise (1959, TV Series) as Therese Privaux
 The Tab Hunter Show (1960–1961, TV series) as Andrea / Maria
 Mr. Broadway (1964, TV series) as Vici
 T.H.E. Cat (1967, TV series) as Countess De Laurent
 It Takes a Thief (1969, TV Series) as Madame Tanya Varhos
 39° Gala de l'Union des Artistes at the cirque d'hiver in Paris (1972)
 La vie rêvée de Vincent Scotto (1973, TV movie) as Gay Deslys
 Musidora (1973, TV movie) as Musidora
 Au théâtre ce soir (1974, TV series) as Francine
 Chobizenesse (1975) (a.k.a. Show Business, English title) as Gigi Nietzsche
 Wall Street (1987) as Woman at 'Le Cirque'
 The Funny Face of Broadway (1997, documentary by Rémy Batteault)
 Of Penguins and Peacocks (2000, TV movie) as Sarah Bernhardt
 Mistinguett, la dernière revue (2001, TV movie) as Mistinguett
 An Evening with Rosanne Seaborn (2001, TV movie) as Mrs. Mannering
 L'Idole (2002) (a.k.a. The Idol, English title) as Nicole
 How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days (2003) as Mrs. DeLauer
 Comment j'ai accepté ma place parmi les mortels (2008, short) as Mirna
 Jours de France (2016) (a.k.a. 4 Days in France, English title) as Judith Joubert (final film role)

Stage work
 La Croqueuse de Diamants (1952), Théâtre de l’Empire, Paris, France
 La Plume de Ma Tante, original Broadway production (1958), Broadway
 La Grosse Valse (1962-1963), Théâtre des Variétés, Paris, France as Nana
 Folies Bergère, original Broadway production (1964), Broadway
 Nine, original Broadway production (1982), Broadway as Liliane La Fleur
 Gotta Getaway! (1984) Radio City Music Hall, New York
 Irma La Douce (1986) with Robert Clary, Atlantic City
 Star Dust, concert reading (1987), New York
 On the Boulevard (1988), Kaufman Theatre, New York
 Nymph Errant, London concert revival (1989), West End, London, UK
 Grand Hotel, original Broadway production (1989), Broadway as Elizaveta Grushinskaya
 Grand Hotel, national tour (1992), US Tour
 Nine, London concert revival (1992), West End, London, UK as Liliane La Fleur
 Grand Hotel, London production (1992), West End, London, UK as Elizaveta Grushinskaya
 Hello, Dolly!(1995), Opéra Royal de Wallonie, Liège, Belgium
 Gigi (1996) with Gavin MacLeod, Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, New Jersey
 Back on the Boulevard (1996), Kaufman Theatre, New York
 Divorce Me, Darling!, Regional Revival (1997), UK
 Gigi (1998) with Gavin MacLeod, TX's Theatre Under the Stars, Houston, Texas
 Follies, Paper Mill Playhouse Revival (1998), Millburn, New Jersey as Solange Lafitte
 The Wizard of Oz, Radio City Entertainment's touring production (1999) as The Wicked Witch of the West
 Mistinguett, la dernière revue (2001), Opéra Comique, Paris, France as Mistinguett
 Love, Chaos and Dinner (2002-2003), Teatro ZinZanni, San Francisco, California as Madame ZinZanni
 The Boy Friend, regional revival (2003), UK as Madame Dubonnet
 Love, Chaos and Dinner (2007), Teatro ZinZanni, Seattle, Washington as Madame ZinZanni
 A La Folie! (2008) with Michael Davis (juggler), Teatro ZinZanni, San Francisco, California
 Back on the Boulevard (2009), Pizza on the Park, London, UK
 Bottega ZinZanni : All Dressed Up with Some Place to Go (2009), Teatro ZinZanni, Seattle, Washington as Dina Monte
 Majestic (2009) with Les Castors, Palazzo, Vienna, Austria
 From Broadway With Love (2010) with Kaye Ballard & Donna McKechnie, Lensic Theater, Santa Fe, New Mexico
 Tigerplast Varieté Show (2011), Tigerpalast, Frankfurt, Germany
 Bonsoir Liliane! Broadway (USA: short title) a.k.a. Broadway: The Golden Age (USA: short title) a.k.a. Broadway: The Movie (USA: short title)

Albums
 C'est beau l'amour à Paris/Grain de poivre, Versailles, 1981
 Nine: Original Cast Album (cast recording), Sony, 1982
 Follies in Concert (cast recording), RCA, 1985
 Nymph Errant, EMI, 1990
 Grand Hotel: The Musical - Broadway Cast Recording (cast recording), RCA, 1992
 Nine (1992 London Concert, cast recording), RCA, 1992
 There's No Business Like Show Business: Broadway Showstoppers, Sony, 1993
 Divorce Me Darling! (cast recording), Jay Records, 1998
 Follies - The Complete Recording (cast recording), Tee Vee Toons, 1998
 On the Boulevard (original cast), Jay Records, 1998
 La Tournée des Grands Ducs (various artists), Idol/Marianne Melodie, 2005
 The Divas, One Reel/Teatro ZinZanni, 2006
 BROADWAY: THE GREAT ORIGINAL CAST RECORDINGS, Masterworks Broadway, 2015
 Les Funambules (chansons d'amour pour tous), Blossom, 2017

References

External links

1932 births
2018 deaths
Actresses from Paris
French female dancers
Italian female dancers
Italian television actresses
French television actresses
French people of Italian descent
French film actresses
French vedettes
20th-century French actresses
21st-century French actresses
20th-century Italian actresses
21st-century Italian actresses
Italian film actresses

masks:
Liliane Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Montevecchi
Liliane
Montevecchi


texts:
<mask>. (July 23, 1927 – February 28, 1966) was an American engineer, naval aviator, test pilot and NASA astronaut. <mask> received an appointment to the United States Merchant Marine Academy in 1945. He graduated in 1949 with a Bachelor of Science degree in marine engineering and a United States Navy Reserve commission, and joined the Aircraft Gas Turbine Division of General Electric as an engineer. He was called to active duty as a naval aviator during the Korean War, and flew Grumman F9F Panther fighters with Fighter Squadron 144 (VF-144) from the aircraft carrier  in the Mediterranean, and  in the Western Pacific. He married Marilyn Denahy in 1954, and they had three children. <mask> rejoined General Electric (GE) in 1956 as a flight test engineer after his tour of duty, and became a group leader and experimental test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, where he flew the latest jet aircraft with GE engines. He also obtained a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from UCLA.Selected in NASA's second group of astronauts in 1962, <mask> was the prime command pilot for what would have been his first space flight, Gemini 9. He was killed along with Charles Bassett, his Gemini 9 crewmate, in a NASA jet crash at the St. Louis McDonnell Aircraft plant, where they were to undergo two weeks of space rendezvous simulator training. Early life and education
<mask> <mask>. was born on July 23, 1927, to <mask> Sr. and Mamie ( Drummond) in Dallas, Texas. He was the first of two children; his sister Sally rounded out the family. His father was an electrical engineer who worked for General Electric, and his mother worked in jobs ranging from advertising to real estate. <mask> was active in the Boy Scouts of America for five years, and earned the rank of Eagle Scout. He attended Highland Park High School and was on the varsity team in several sports, including boxing.He was also on the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) Rifle Team. He graduated from high school in 1945. The United States entered World War II in December 1941. <mask> had to choose between going to war or going to college, as he would otherwise be drafted at age 18. He decided to apply for aviation cadet training. He failed a physical, and, according to <mask>, "going to college became the most important thing". He enrolled at the University of Texas, and after a few months pledged to Phi Kappa Psi.While at the University of Texas, he signed up for flying lessons and received his private pilot's license. <mask> applied for military officer training and received an appointment to the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA) in 1945. As the end of the war drew near, the USMMA changed its curriculum to a four-year college-level program, which was the minimum requirement to be a merchant marine in peacetime. He spent his plebe year at Pass Christian, Mississippi, where the USMMA had a satellite campus, and then transferred to the main campus at Kings Point, New York. He commanded the Third Company as a cadet officer. He was a member of the Propeller Club and head cheerleader. He was on the mile relay running team, played intramural softball, and was a varsity boxer.As co-captain of the rifle team, he won the Captain Tomb Trophy for individual rifle and pistol marksmanship in December 1948. In 1949, Congress authorized the USMMA to award Bachelor of Science degrees to its graduates, so on graduation that year <mask> received his degree, his marine engineer's licenses, and a commission as an officer in the United States Navy Reserve. Navy service and General Electric

After graduation, <mask> took a summer job with Lykes Brothers Steamship Company. On September 1, 1949, he joined the Aircraft Gas Turbine Division of General Electric, the firm his father had worked for, in Boston. He moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, when the division was relocated. There he met Marilyn Jane Denahy from Georgetown, Ohio, who worked at General Electric as a secretary. He and his friend Tay Haney pooled their funds to buy a Luscombe Silvaire Sprayer aircraft, which they flew on cross-country trips.In November 1952, while taking Marilyn on a joyride, the Luscombe's engine began to fail. <mask> attempted to land the aircraft on a short, unimproved field, but the tail wheel snagged a power line and forced the aircraft into the ground. <mask> suffered deep cuts to his face which required plastic surgery. Marilyn escaped the crash with only minor injuries. By 1953, <mask> was working as a flight test engineer at General Electric's plant in Evendale, Ohio. Like many naval reservists, he was called to active duty due to the Korean War. He was initially stationed at Miramar Naval Air Station near San Diego, California.He married Marilyn on September 30, 1954, before shipping out for a sixteen-month operational tour as a naval aviator, flying the Grumman F9F Panther with Fighter Squadron 144 (VF-144), part of Carrier Air Group 14. He was deployed to the Mediterranean on the aircraft carrier , which returned to the United States in June 1955. In October, after further training at El Centro Naval Air Station, he embarked with VF-144 on an operational cruise on the aircraft carrier , which formed part of Task Force 77. The task force traveled to Hawaii, Japan, the Philippine Islands, and Hong Kong. <mask> primarily focused on line maintenance, but also became proficient at carrier landings. By the end of the tour, he had reached the rank of lieutenant commander. He returned home in February 1956, in time for the birth of his first child, Sally.The couple later had two more children: Carolyn in 1957, and David in 1962. <mask> rejoined General Electric in 1956 as a flight test engineer after his tour of duty. He became a group leader and experimental test pilot at Edwards Air Force Base, where the United States Air Force conducted flight tests. He served as a project pilot for the development of the General Electric J79-8 engine used in the F4H aircraft. He also conducted powerplant flight tests on the J-47, J-73, J-79, CJ805 and CJ805 aft-fan engines, which involved flying in F-86, XF4D, F-104, F11F-1F, RB-66, F4H, and T-38 aircraft. He worked towards his master's degree one night a week, starting in 1960, eventually obtaining a Master of Science degree in aeronautical engineering from UCLA in 1962, and continued flying with the Naval Reserve. He was eventually promoted to commander.NASA

In 1962, <mask> applied to become a NASA astronaut. After undergoing preliminary evaluations, medical tests, and interviews during the selection process, <mask> was selected to be in NASA's second group of astronauts, known as the New Nine. He was 35 at the time of his selection; the oldest in the group. On his selection, he said "Overwhelmed isn't the right word. I was amazed and certainly pleased. It's a very great honor." At the time of his selection, <mask> had logged more than 3,900 hours of flying time, including more than 3,300 in jet aircraft.He drove from Edwards with fellow civilian pilot Neil Armstrong to start his new career in Houston, where the new Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) was under construction. Every astronaut was assigned a core competency, a special area in which they had to develop expertise, by the NASA Astronaut Office. The knowledge they gathered could then be shared with the others, and the astronaut-expert was expected to provide astronaut input to the spacecraft designers and engineers. <mask>'s special area of expertise was the spacecraft electrical and sequential systems, and the coordination of mission planning. <mask> was tasked with determining if the crewed lunar landing should occur in direct sunlight or using light reflected from the Earth. To help make the decision, he flew helicopters and airplanes wearing special welding goggles to simulate different lighting conditions. <mask> also landed helicopters with Jim Lovell on lava flows that simulated the terrain on the Moon.<mask> was announced as the backup pilot for Gemini 5 on February 8, 1965, with Armstrong serving as the backup command pilot. They were the first civilians selected for a spaceflight. Gemini 5 was launched on August 21, 1965. Early in the flight, a problem was discovered with the fuel cells, and the flight controllers considered ending the mission early. <mask> had worked with General Electric in developing the fuel cells and was confident that they could find a solution to the problem. Flight Director Chris Kraft gave them 24 hours to fix the problem or he would terminate the flight early. After working through the night, they diagnosed the problem and developed procedures that allowed the astronauts to fix the fuel cells, which allowed the mission to continue.<mask> was a capsule communicator (CAPCOM) at MSC in Houston during the Gemini 7/Gemini 6A rendezvous mission in December 1965. Under the crew rotation system devised by chief astronaut Deke Slayton, as the backup for Gemini 5, Armstrong and <mask> were in line for prime crew of Gemini 8. From the spring to the fall of 1965, Armstrong and <mask> trained for the Gemini 5 mission. They spent a significant amount of time training in the spacecraft simulators. They flew back and forth to Kennedy Space Center, from which their spacecraft would be launched; to North Carolina to develop experiments to be conducted during the flight; and to McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis, where the Gemini spacecraft was made. Contrary to Slayton's typical crew rotation, David Scott took <mask>'s place as the pilot of Gemini 8. According to his autobiography, Slayton did not assign <mask> to Gemini 8 because he considered him as too out-of-shape to perform an extravehicular activity.Life photographer Ralph Morse asked Armstrong why <mask> was no longer assigned with him on the Gemini 8 mission, and Armstrong replied, "<mask>'s too good a pilot not to have a command of his own." In October 1965 <mask> was promoted to command pilot (first seat) of Gemini 9, with Charles Bassett as his pilot. The Gemini 9 mission was similar to the previous mission. An extravehicular activity (EVA) that used the astronaut maneuvering unit (AMU) was scheduled, and they would rendezvous with an Agena target vehicle. Bassett was scheduled for the EVA and <mask> would stay in the capsule. Death

On February 28, 1966, <mask> and Charles Bassett were flying with their backup crew, Gene Cernan and Thomas Stafford, from Ellington Air Force Base to Lambert Field in St. Louis, Missouri, for two weeks of space rendezvous simulator training. The prime crew flew in one jet and the backup crew in another.<mask> was the pilot of their T-38 trainer jet. The weather at Lambert Field was poor and required an instrument approach. Both jets overshot the initial landing attempt; <mask> continued with a visual circling approach and Stafford elected to follow the standard procedure for a missed approach. On his second attempt, <mask> undershot the runway, hit the afterburners and turned to the right. The jet crashed into McDonnell Aircraft Building 101, where the Gemini spacecraft was built. <mask> was found in a parking lot still strapped to his ejection seat. Both astronauts died instantly from trauma sustained in the accident.They died within  of their spacecraft. <mask> and Bassett were buried near each other in Arlington National Cemetery, and the graves are about  from Theodore Freeman, another astronaut who died in a T-38 crash two years prior. After Freeman's wife found out he died from a reporter, NASA enacted new policies to avoid a similar embarrassing situation in the future. In compliance with these policies, astronaut John Young asked Marilyn Lovell and Jane Conrad to go to <mask>'s house and ensure she did not find out about her husband's death from a non-NASA source. They rushed over and made excuses for their early surprise visit. After Young arrived to break the news, the three hugged her for comfort. Marilyn Lovell then went to the school to pick up <mask>'s children, to make sure they did not find out from the press.A NASA investigative panel later concluded that pilot error, caused by bad weather, was the principal cause of the accident. The panel concluded that <mask> was flying too low on his second approach, probably due to poor visibility. At the time, <mask> was known as one of the better pilots in the astronaut corps. Slayton later expressed doubts about <mask>'s flying abilities, claiming that he flew too slowly, and "wasn't aggressive enough... he flew too slow–a fatal problem in a plane like the T-38, which will stall easily if you get below 270 knots []." Jim Lovell and Buzz Aldrin were promoted to the backup crew as a result of the accident. Stafford and Cernan–the original backup crew–were launched three months later, on June 3, 1966, as Gemini 9A. The shuffling of the Gemini crews caused by the deaths of <mask> and Bassett affected crew assignments for subsequent Gemini and Project Apollo missions.In particular, Aldrin flew as the pilot of Gemini 12, and later Apollo 11. Both men were buried in Arlington National Cemetery. During the service, Buzz Aldrin, Bill Anders and Walter Cunningham flew the missing man formation in <mask>'s honor, while Jim McDivitt and Jim Lovell and civilian pilot Jere Cobb did the same to honor Bassett. Legacy

<mask> was survived by his wife Marilyn and three children. After his death she continued to live in Houston, where she worked as a court reporter. <mask>'s name is inscribed on the Fallen Astronaut plaque placed on the Moon by Apollo 15 in 1971. He is also listed on the Space Mirror Memorial at the John F. Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, dedicated in 1991.He was honored by Highland Park High School in 2010 as one of the recipients of its Distinguished Alumni Award. <mask> was a member of the Society of Experimental Test Pilots and an associate fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. In media
<mask> was played by Steve Zahn in the 1998 HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon, and by Patrick Fugit in the 2018 film First Man. See also
List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents

Notes

References

1927 births
1966 deaths
Accidental deaths in Missouri
American astronauts
American test pilots
Aviators from Texas
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
General Electric people
Military personnel from Texas
People from Dallas
Space program fatalities
United States Merchant Marine Academy alumni
United States Naval Aviators
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1966
NASA Astronaut Group 2

masks:
Elliot McKay See Jr
See
See
See
Elliot McKay
See Jr
Elliot See
See
See
See
See
Elliot
See
See
See
See
See
See
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See
See
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See
See
See
See
See
See
See
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Elliot
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Marilyn See
Marilyn See
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See


texts:
<mask> (1637–1712), later known as <mask> after her marriage to Thomas Betterton, was an actress and singer in England during the 1660s and 1690s. She is considered one of the first English actresses. Stage career
Her most notable accomplishments are her being the first female actress to portray several of Shakespeare's woman characters on the professional stage. She was the first to portray Juliet in Romeo and Juliet, Lady Macbeth in Macbeth, and other female roles in The Tempest, Hamlet (as Ophelia), Measure for Measure, Much Ado About Nothing, Twelfth Night, King Lear. In Shakespeare's day, female roles were played by teenage boys, as women and young girls were not allowed on the stage. By the 1660s, however, the laws in England had changed, allowing females to act professionally. <mask>'s connections through her husband, Thomas, who was also a famous actor, allowed her to play several significant roles.<mask> had a reputation for virtue; Colley Cibber described her as leading "an unblemish'd and sober life". One of her earliest roles was in The Siege of Rhodes, taking over the role of Ianthe in place of a Mrs. Edward Coleman, whom many agreed had done very poorly in the role. Acting under the direction of William Davenant, <mask> did very well, even to the point that she was frequently called Ianthe for the rest of her life. She sang in several of Aphra Behn's operas. Perhaps her greatest and most lauded accomplishment was her performance in the role of Lady Macbeth. Actor-playwright Colley Cibber considered her "so great a Mistress of Nature" who was the only actress able to "throw out those quick and careless Strokes of Terror from the Disorder of a guilty Mind … with a Facility in her Manner that render'd them at once tremendous and delightful". She played the major female roles for about 30 years, until she gradually faded out of the stage lights in the early 1690s.Her final appearance was in John Dryden's last play, Love Triumphant, where she played the leading female role. Teaching career
As acting was one of Betterton's most beloved passions, she also had the desire to put forth her talents as a way of educating and influencing the young minds around her. <mask> and her husband even informally adopted actress, Anne Bracegirdle, and played a key role in training her for the very successful and popular stage career that she would have. Bracegirdle was also known as, "the celebrated virgin," meaning that she was popular for not being the risqué stereotype that came with many actresses during this time. The "celebrated virgin" label that Bracegirdle received was easily attributed to the moral teachings that Betterton also provided when training the young actress. <mask> was such a positive light and educator to young actresses that King Charles II requested her as his first choice to train his nieces (daughters of his younger brother) to become great actresses, which is a huge reflection of how respected she was as an acting coach and mentor. As Lady Anne and Lady <mask> grew up to be Queens, the work of Betterton could be seen in their speeches with their "clear and direct voices".Betterton had a lasting impact on these women, so much so that when Thomas Betterton died, Queen Anne granted her a yearly pension to ensure that she was taken care of financially. Personal life
<mask> was a granddaughter of Richard Burbage, one of William Shakespeare's men, one of the first and most famous Shakespearean actors. Very little or if anything is known of her childhood. The first information that can be found of her is that Sir William Davenant hired her to perform for the Duke's Company in 1661. She lived with other actresses in the company including Hester Davenport under his wife's care until she and the leading man of the company, Thomas Betterton, obtained a marriage license on Christmas Eve in 1662. Their marriage lasted for some 48 years under "the strictest amity" until her husband's death in 1710. Mrs. Betterton was different than many other English actresses, in that she attracted no public chatter or gossip about her personal life; she was simply not interested in enticing any foolish blather about her life off stage.

masks:
Mary Saunderson
Mary Saunderson Betterton
Mary
Saunderson
Mary
Mary Betterton
Mary Betterton
Mary
Mary Betterton


texts:
<mask> (1903–1942? ), variously described as Austrian, Czech or Hungarian, was an academic who worked in London as a Soviet spy, best known for having recruited Kim Philby. Much of his life remains unknown or disputed. Early life
He was a cousin of <mask>, the proprietor of the Odeon Cinemas chain. Though he claimed to be an observant Jew to disguise his role as a Communist agent, <mask> was in fact lapsed in his religious beliefs. At the age of 24, <mask> received with distinction his PhD in chemistry from the University of Vienna. He was also a follower of Wilhelm Reich and his "sex-pol" movement.His remarkable academic record opened opportunities to penetrate the highest institutions in many Western countries. Espionage career
At the same time, <mask> embarked on his lifelong involvement with Communism and the Soviet Union. In the 1920s he was working for the OMS, the International Liaison Department of the Comintern. A co-worker of his there was Edith Suschitzky, whom he met at 1926 in Vienna and who would be instrumental in his later espionage career. Soon after leaving university he married an Austrian woman, Josefine. The couple were both recruited by Comintern and worked for OMS, its international liaison department. Over the next couple of years they travelled around the world working as couriers.In 1933, <mask> was arrested by the Nazi authorities in Germany, but was freed from custody with the help of Willi Lehmann, the highly placed Soviet agent within the Gestapo. <mask> then travelled to Britain under his real name, so that his university credentials would be valid. Upon arriving in England, <mask> studied psychology at the graduate level at the University of London, as his cover for espionage work in England. In the mid-1930s Deutsch occupied Flat 7 of the Isokon building in Lawn Road, Hampstead, north London. The writer Nigel West (Rupert Allason) asserts, based on the information provided in 1940 by Soviet defector Walter Krivitsky, that <mask> had been an assistant of the Latvian-born senior Soviet spy Adam Purpis, who according to the same source was between 1931 and 1934 the NKVD Illegal Rezident (i.e. agent operating outside the embassy) in the UK. <mask>'s legacy from his time in the UK is to have come up with a highly successful agent recruitment strategy.<mask> observed that the high quantity of Communist students and constant turnover due to matriculation and graduation provided an excellent recruiting ground. The idea was to select capable, idealistic students and have them publicly distance themselves from Communism so that they could penetrate the British government and intelligence spheres. The students' former involvement in Communism would be overlooked by the British as a mere youthful mistake. This strategy produced many well-placed agents, especially the Cambridge Five, the first of which was Kim Philby, whom Deutsch recruited directly. When Litzi Friedmann and Kim Philby, who had just married in Vienna, arrived in London from Vienna in 1934, Edith Suschitzky suggested to Deutsch that the NKVD should recruit Friedmann and Philby as agents. Deutsch recruited Kim Philby in Regent's Park, London, on 1 July 1934. Deutsch told Philby that he must break-off all communist contacts.He should establish a new political image as a Nazi-sympathiser. "He must become, to all outward appearances, a conventional member of the very class he was committed to opposing." <mask> told him. "The anti-fascist movement needs people who can enter into the bourgeoisie." <mask> gave him a new Minox subminiature camera and gave him a codename (Sohnchen). He began to instruct Philby on the rudiments of tradecraft: how to arrange a meeting; where to leave messages; how to detect if his telephone was bugged; how to spot a tail, and how to lose one. His first task was to spy on his father, Harry St John Bridger Philby, as it was believed he had important secret documents in his office.<mask> then went on to recruit Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess in 1934. Using the code name Otto, <mask> was the controller for the Cambridge Five spy ring from 1933 to 1937, when he was replaced by Theodore Maly. Whilst in London, Deutsch also acted as handler for Percy Glading, who was operating a spy ring within Woolwich Arsenal, which obtained blueprints of Britain's brand new—and highly secret—naval gun. During his time in the United Kingdom, <mask> was given the task of evaluating an American recruit, Michael Straight, who did not impress him. <mask>'s evaluation of Straight was to be borne out almost thirty years later, in 1963, when Straight decided to voluntarily inform Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., a family friend, about his communist connections from his student days at Cambridge University, a confession which led directly to the exposure of Anthony Blunt as a recruiter and member of the Cambridge Five spy ring. In September 1937, in the midst of Joseph Stalin's fatal purges in the Moscow "show" trials, <mask> was recalled to Moscow. At that time, <mask> was at great risk of being discovered in western Europe, because of the defections of the highly placed Soviet operatives Ignace Reiss and Walter Krivitsky; he had been familiar with some elements of their operations.Back in Moscow, <mask> was extensively debriefed, and managed to escape execution – which, at the time, was the fate of many completely loyal Communists. He was employed as an expert on forgery and handwriting, and  was not allowed to go abroad again until the early 1940s. Fate unknown
<mask>'s final fate is uncertain. Among theories which have been proposed by various authors, <mask> was said to have been captured and shot by the Nazis after parachuting into Austria; or as having drowned when his ship was sunk by a U-boat while en route to New York, where he was supposed to work with NKVD recruits. Kim Philby's fourth and last wife, Rufina, cites the drowning story, but says that the Russian sources are divided on where <mask> was headed when his ship, the Donbass, was sunk on its way to the United States. She says that Volume 3 of the KGB History states that <mask>'s eventual destination was Latin America, but then says that Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vasilliev, citing KGB files, write, in Haunted Wood, that Deutsch was headed to the New York residency to expand its operations. Portrayal in fiction
In the 2003 four-part BBC television drama about the Cambridge Spies, <mask> was portrayed in the first two episodes by Marcel Iures.References

1903 births
1942 deaths
Alumni of the University of London
Austrian spies for the Soviet Union
Austrian Jews
Soviet spies
University of Vienna alumni
Austrian emigrants to the Soviet Union
NKVD officers
Austrian civilians killed in World War II

masks:
Arnold Deutsch
Oscar Deutsch
Deutsch
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texts:
<mask> (May 22, 1852 – May 18, 1926) was an American multimillionaire responsible for developing much of New York's Upper West Side. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on May 22, 1852. He was the son of James Boulter and Caroline (née Phelps<mask>; brother of <mask> and <mask>. One of his grandfathers was London merchant <mask>, one of the 13 founders of the London Missionary Society, and <mask> later actively supported the American Bible Society, the American Tract Society and the American Peace Society. His other grandfather, Anson Greene Phelps, was a New York merchant, born in Connecticut and descended from an old Massachusetts family. <mask> was a member of the Yale College Class of 1874. He helped purchase a corner plot at the corner of Prospect and Trumbull streets in New Haven, Connecticut, where the first Hall for Wolf's Head Society was erected in 1884.<mask> was an honorary member of the society, founded in 1883, tapped with a number of alumni who assisted the upstart students. Career
As a young man <mask> started his career working in the family business, Phelps, Dodge & Company, a mercantile establishment founded by his grandfather Phelps and his uncle, <mask> <mask>, Sr., in the 1830s. By the time that <mask> joined the company, it had become a mining business. He was also a share holder in the Ansonia Clock Company. When his father died in August 1881, <mask> contested the will, sued his brother Anson for conspiring to throw him out of the family business, and gained a $1 million inheritance. He left Phelps Dodge and, from 1885 to 1890, he developed real estate on the Upper West Side. Property developer
After his marriage in 1895, the couple moved into one of <mask>'s new developments at 262 West 72nd Street.In 1898, <mask> began work on a new mansion at 4 East 54th Street designed by McKim, Mead and White. However, in 1900, just as the house was nearing completion, <mask> filed for divorce, and neither ever lived in the house. In 1899, <mask> commissioned architect Paul E. Duboy (1857-1907) to build the greatest and grandest hotel in Manhattan, New York. The result was The Ansonia, named after <mask>' grandfather industrialist Anson Greene Phelps, located at 2109 Broadway between West 73rd and West 74th Streets. Opening in 1903, the $3 million Ansonia had 350 suites with several restaurants, a bank, a barbershop, a ballroom, a swimming pool and full hotel services, along with an imposing Parisian-style facade of turrets and balconies. In 1907, the New York Board of Health planned to raid the Ansonia hotel's roof and confiscate the four pet geese and a pig, called Nanki-Poo, that they had been informed that <mask> kept there. <mask> and his butler hid the animals in the basement and convinced the inspector that the roof was animal-free.Railroad venture
In 1900, as reported in The New York Times, <mask> bought at auction, for $25,000, the Chesapeake & Western Railroad, a bucolic venture that in an earlier incarnation, circa 1870s, was to be part of the Washington, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad, linking through the Shenandoah Valley at Harrisonburg, Virginia and into the central and southern coal producing areas of West Virginia and southern Ohio. The Chesapeake & Western had already been capitalized with $811,200 of common stock, $608,400 of preferred stock and $1,419,000 of first mortgage bonds. <mask> renamed it the Tidewater & West Virginia, but just a year later in 1901 renamed it the Chesapeake Western Railway. In an attempt to revive the plan to link more of east with west, <mask> pushed west and laid 13 miles of rail to Stokesville, west of Bridgewater in 1902, and east to Elkton. The Allegheny and Blue Ridge Mountains proved to be formidable obstacles to further expansion, and without serious financial backing there was no chance of true success. <mask>' best chance for success came in the form of an offer by Colonel Henry H. Rogers, a major stakeholder in Standard Oil, who attempted to buy the 40-mile railroad from <mask>, so he could complete the route as intended, but <mask>' asking price was far too high and Rogers turned down the offer and chartered his own railroad, the Virginian Railway, which became one of the nation's most efficient and best run railroads. Eventually, the Chesapeake Western Railway became a subsidiary of the Norfolk Southern and survives to this day, primarily linking Harrisonburg to Staunton, Virginia.Publications
In 1917, Stoke wrote The Right to be Well Born; or, Horse Breeding in its Relation to Eugenics which was published by C. J. O'Brien in New York. In this book, <mask>, who was a horse breeder, extended his theories from the equine, advocating selective breeding in humans and the grading of men who are candidates for marriage. He writes that the genealogical records of the working class should be kept so that prospective employers can assess their capabilities. The book was so ill-received that the publishers sued <mask> for the recovery of their costs. Personal life
In 1895, aged 43, <mask> married 19-year-old Rita Hernandez de Alba Acosta (1875–1929), the daughter of Cuban émigré Ricardo de Acosta. Rita's youngest sister, Mercedes de Acosta, wrote in her autobiography that "when Rita finally decided to marry <mask> it was, I believe, because she felt his wealth could open doors... But she paid a high price for any material gain."Together, Rita and <mask> were the parents of one son, whom they called "Weddie". According to her sister, Rita hated the child and could hardly bring herself to hold him. In 1900, Rita filed for divorce and the settlement was said to be $2 million, a record at that time. <mask> <mask> Jr. (1896–1992), who ran Hotel Ansonia after he inherited the property from his father. In 1907, <mask> was sued by a woman named Lucy Randolph for child support. She claimed that she had met <mask> in the Ansonia and that he had told her that he wanted to have a child with her. After getting her pregnant <mask> had ignored her.Although it was proved in court that <mask> had been intimate with her, and that he had previously given her regular payments, the case against him was dismissed on a technicality. In February 1911, <mask>, then aged 59, secretly married the 24-year-old Helen Blanche Ellwood (1885–1951). He married in secret because when he was divorced by his first wife, Rita de Acosta <mask>, the judge had told him he could not marry again during her lifetime. In June 1911, <mask> was shot and wounded by a 22-year-old vaudeville actress, Lillian Graham. She claimed that <mask> had attacked her because he was angry at her refusal to return compromising letters he had written her. For his part, <mask> claimed that Graham had been trying to blackmail him and that she had attacked him when this had been unsuccessful. Graham was found not guilty.Together, they were the parents of:

 James Ellwood <mask> (d. 1998), also a developer and philanthropist. Helen Muriel <mask> (1915–2010), who married Charles Jules Lowen, Jr. in 1941. After his death in 1956, she married Donald F. Magarrell, who died in 1980. In 1989, she married childhood friend Gerald H. Phipps. In 1918, <mask> filed for divorce from <mask>. <mask> was represented by attorney Max Steuer, and started what proved to be a very acrimonious legal case. He claimed that she had had affairs with her cousin, his own son and at least nine other men.She stated that his witnesses were lying, and that he had had numerous affairs throughout their marriage, that with Lillian Graham being just one. She added that he kept several dozen chickens in their apartment at the Ansonia. In February 1922 Rita de Acosta Lydig appeared before the Supreme Court of Justice on behalf of <mask>, claiming that <mask> used to beat her during their marriage. In 1923, after paying $1 million in legal fees, <mask>' request for a divorce from his wife was denied; she won a counterclaim for separation. <mask> was tried for conspiracy to defame her, but was acquitted in 1925. <mask> died on May 18, 1926, aged 74, and The New York Times noted in his obituary that, even though <mask> had been involved in "almost incessant litigation," he had left about $8 million in his will. However, in 1928 that estimate was reduced to $300,000, and even that would be erased, The Times said, "if his estate lost all the many pending lawsuits that plagued his controversial career, even after death".References

External links
A West Side Developer's Other Side
The Stokes Divorce - 'A Filthy Mess' Time Magazine November 12, 1923
Stokes and the Building of the Upper West Side
A History of The Ansonia
Stokes and The Ansonia

1852 births
1926 deaths
Businesspeople from New York City
Phelps Dodge
American real estate businesspeople
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Yale College alumni

masks:
William Earle Dodge Stokes
Stokes
) Stokes
Anson Phelps Stokes
Olivia Eggleston Phelps Stokes
Thomas Stokes
Anson Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
William Earle
Dodge
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Rita Stokes
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Stokes
Will Stokes
William
William Earl
Dodge Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Helen Stokes
Stokes
Helen Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes
Stokes


texts:
<mask> (born 14 July 1943) is a British novelist and science fiction writer. His works include Fugue for a Darkening Island, The Inverted World, The Affirmation, The Glamour, The Prestige, and The Separation. <mask> has been strongly influenced by the science fiction of H. G. Wells and in 2006 was appointed Vice-President of the international H. G. Wells Society. Early life

<mask> was born in Cheadle, Cheshire, England in 1943. As a child, <mask> spent some time holidaying in the English county of Dorset. Here he explored the ancient hillfort of Maiden Castle, near Dorchester, which he would later use as the location for the novel A Dream of Wessex. <mask>'s first story, "The Run", was published in 1966.Formerly an accountant and audit clerk, he became a full-time writer in 1968. One of his early novels, The Affirmation, concerns a traumatized man who apparently flips into a delusional world in which he experiences a lengthy voyage to an archipelago of exotic islands. This setting featured in many of <mask>'s short stories, which raises the question of whether the Dream Archipelago is actually a fantasy. The state of mind depicted in this novel is similar to that of the delusional fantasy-prone psychoanalytic patient ("Kirk Allen") in Robert Lindner's The Fifty-Minute Hour, or Jack London's tortured prisoner in The Star Rover. <mask> also dealt with delusional alternate realities in A Dream of Wessex, in which a group of experimenters for a British government project are brain-wired to a hypnosis machine and jointly participate in an imaginary but as-real-as-real future in a vacation island off the coast of a Sovietized Britain. His most recent novels are The Islanders (2011), set in the Dream Archipelago, and The Adjacent (2013), a multi-strand narrative with recurring characters. Of his narrative's plot twists, <mask> told an interviewer in 1995, "my shocks are based on a sudden devastating reversal of what the reader knows or believes."Tie-in work
<mask> wrote the tie-in novel to accompany the 1999 David Cronenberg movie eXistenZ, which contains themes of the novels A Dream of Wessex and The Extremes. Such themes include the question of the extent to which we can trust what we believe to be reality and our memories. <mask> was approached to write stories for the 18th and 19th seasons of Doctor Who. The first, "Sealed Orders", was a political thriller based on Gallifrey commissioned by script editor Douglas Adams; it was eventually abandoned due to script problems and replaced with "Warriors' Gate". The second, "The Enemy Within", was also eventually abandoned due to script problems and what <mask> perceived as insulting treatment after he was asked to modify the script to include the death of Adric. It was replaced by "Earthshock". <mask> received payment while Doctor Who producer John Nathan-Turner and script editor Eric Saward were forced to pen a letter of apology for the treatment of the writer.This falling-out soured the attitude of the production office to the use of established literary authors, and no more were commissioned until Neil Gaiman authored the episode "The Doctor's Wife" in 2011. A film of his novel The Prestige was released on 20 October 2006. It was directed by <mask> and starred Christian Bale and Hugh Jackman. Despite differences between the novel and screenplay, Nolan was reportedly so concerned the denouement be kept a surprise that he blocked plans for a lucrative US tie-in edition of the book. Pseudonyms
 <mask> uses the pseudonyms John Luther Novak and Colin Wedgelock, usually for movie novelizations. As well as the eXistenZ novelization (which undermined the pseudonym by including <mask>'s biography on the pre-title page), he has novelised the movies Mona Lisa (as John Luther Novak) and Short Circuit (as Colin Wedgelock). <mask> has co-operated with fellow British science fiction author David Langford on various enterprises under the Ansible brand.Other writing
<mask> has written for The Guardian since 2002, largely obituaries of such figures as Robert Sheckley, Stanislaw Lem, Jack Williamson, Diana Wynne Jones, <mask> and many more. Awards and honours
<mask> has won the BSFA award for the best novel four times: in 1974 for Inverted World; in 1998 for The Extremes; in 2002 for The Separation and in 2011 for The Islanders. He has won the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for Fiction and the World Fantasy Award (for The Prestige). He won the BSFA award for short fiction in 1979 for the short story "Palely Loitering"; and has been nominated for Hugo Awards in the categories of Best Novel, Best Novella, Best Novelette, and Best Non-Fiction Book (this last for The Book on the Edge of Forever (also known as Last Deadloss Visions), an exploration of the unpublished Last Dangerous Visions anthology). The Space Machine won the International SF prize in the 1977 Ditmar Awards . <mask>'s 1979 essay "The Making of the Lesbian Horse" (published as a Novacon chapbook) takes a humorous look at the roots of his acclaimed novel Inverted World. He was guest of honour at Novacon 9 in 1979 and Novacon 30 in 2000, and at the 63rd World Science Fiction Convention in 2005.In 1983 <mask> was named one of the 20 Granta Best of Young British Novelists. In 1988 he won the Kurd-Laßwitz-Preis for The Glamour as Best Foreign Fiction Book. Between 7 November and 7 December 2007, the Chelsea College of Art and Design had an exhibition in its gallery Chelsea Space inspired by <mask>'s novel The Affirmation. It followed "themes of personal history and memory (which) through the lens of a more antagonistic and critical form of interpretation, aims to point towards an overtly positive viewpoint on contemporary art practice over any traditional melancholy fixation". Personal life
<mask> lived in Devon but now lives on Isle of Bute. He was married to writer Lisa Tuttle from 1981 to 1987 and to Leigh Kennedy from 1988 to 2011, with whom he had twins. He currently lives with speculative fiction writer Nina Allan.Bibliography

Novels
Indoctrinaire. London: Faber and Faber, 1970. Fugue for a Darkening Island. London: Faber and Faber, 1972. Campbell nominee, 1973. The Inverted World. London: Faber and Faber, 1974.BSFA winner, 1974, Hugo Award nominee, 1975. The Space Machine. London: Faber and Faber, 1976. A Dream of Wessex (US title The Perfect Lover). London: Faber and Faber, 1977. The Affirmation. London: Faber and Faber, 1981.BSFA nominee, 1981. The Glamour. London: Jonathan Cape, 1984. BSFA nominee, 1984. Short Circuit. Sphere Books, 1986. (Film tie-in novelisation as Colin Wedgelock)
Mona Lisa.Sphere Books, 1986. (Film tie-in novelisation as John Luther Novak)
The Quiet Woman. London: Bloomsbury, 1990. The Prestige. London: Simon and Schuster, 1995. BSFA nominee, 1995; World Fantasy Award winner, James Tait Black Memorial Prize winner, Clarke Awards nominee, 1996. The Extremes.London: Simon and Schuster, 1998. BSFA winner, 1998; Clarke Award nominee, 1999.
eXistenZ. Harper, 1999. (Film tie-in novelisation)
The Separation. Scribner, 2002. Old Earth Books 2005—BSFA winner, 2002; Clark Award winner, Campbell Award nominee, 2003. The Islanders.Gollancz, 2011. BSFA winner, 2011; Campbell Award winner, 2012. The Adjacent. Gollancz, 20 June 2013. The Gradual. Gollancz, 2016. An American Story.Gollancz, 2018. The Evidence. Gollancz, 2020. Expect Me Tomorrow. Gollancz, 2022. Short story collections
Real-time World. Faber and Faber, 1975.Reissued 2009. An Infinite Summer. Faber and Faber, 1979. Three stories reissued in The Dream Archipelago. The Dream Archipelago. Earthlight, 1999. Reissued 2009.Ersatz Wines – Instructive Short Stories GrimGrin Studio, 2008. Anthology of early works. Episodes, Gollancz, 2019. Short story in anthology, also as editor
 Anticipations. Faber and Faber, 1978. Watson, Ian. Indhold:The Very Slow Time Machine
 Sheckley, Robert.Is That What People Do? Shaw, Bob. Amphitheatre
 <mask>, <mask>. The Negation
 Harrison, Harry. The Greening Of The Green
 Disch, Thomas M.. Mutability
 Ballard, J.G.. One Afternoon At Utah Beach
 Aldiss, Brian W.. A Chinese Perspective

Screenplay
The Stooge. 2010 or 2011. Selected non-fiction
Your Book of Film-Making.London: Faber and Faber, 1974. The Making of the Lesbian Horse. Novacon 9 for the Birmingham Science Fiction Group, 1979. <mask> attended as the Guest of Honour. The Book on the Edge of Forever. Seattle: Fantagraphics, 1993. "<mask>'s Top 10 Slipstream Books".2003. An essay for London's The Guardian, listing ten seminal novels of the slipstream genre, including works by J. G. Ballard, Angela Carter, Borges, Steve Erickson, and Steven Millhauser. "Foreword" to Stephen E. Andrews' and Nick Rennison's 100 Must-Read Science Fiction Novels. London: A&C Black Academic and Professional/Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006. . The Magic – The Story of a Film. Hastings: GrimGrin Studio, 2008. "La Jetée".Essay in Cinema Futura: Essays on Favourite Science Fiction Movies, edited by Mark Morris. PS Publishing, 2010. .

References

External links

 London Calling Interview with <mask>

 His story "The Discharge" at Sci Fiction
 1995 interview by David Langford, Ansible (includes brief summaries and comments by <mask> on most of his novels to date)
 His Guest of Honour speech at the 2005 World Science Fiction Convention
 Interview de <mask> in Actusf.com, 2000

1943 births
Living people
English science fiction writers
English horror writers
World Fantasy Award-winning writers
People from Cheadle, Greater Manchester
James Tait Black Memorial Prize recipients
20th-century English novelists
21st-century British novelists
English male novelists

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