texts:
<mask> was born in a Chitpavan caste family in 1707 and died in 1740, commonly referred to as <mask> or Bhau, was the son of Balaji Vishwanath Bhat and the younger brother of Bajirao Peshwa of Maratha Empire. He was an able military commander who liberated the western coast of India from Portuguese rule. The high watermark of his career was the capture of Vasai fort from the Portuguese in a hard-fought battle. He was known to run strategy for the Maratha Empire and was known to plan all the battles for Bajirao. Maratha campaigns against the Portuguese

<mask> concentrated his energies towards the Western Ghats. Vasai (formerly known as Bassein) was the ultimate objective of the war, as this was the capital of the provincial government of Portugal's northern Indian

Capture of Belapur Castle
In 1733, the Marathas, led by <mask>, with Sardar Shankarbuwa Shinde wrested control of the Belapur Fort from the Portuguese. Sardar Janojirao Shinde actual Great grandfather of Ranojirao Shinde and real younger brother of Dattajirao Shinde [The First] (Scindia) opened the attack from maratha side.He had made a vow that if it were to be successfully recaptured from the Portuguese, he would place a garland of beli leaves in a nearby Amruthaishwar temple, and after the victory the fort was renamed as Belapur Fort. The capture of Vasai

After careful planning, <mask> <mask> led Maratha armies into the occupied territories in 1737. <mask>'s strategy was to go for the weakest link in the chain to the strongest, thereby progressively weakening the Portuguese. On 28 March 1737, Maratha forces led by Ranojirao Shinde and Shankarbuwa Shinde captured the strategic island fortress of Arnala, thus cutting off a crucial relief line to Vasai. Thane and Salsette Island were freed in 1737. In November 1738, <mask> <mask> captured the fort of Dahanu and on 20 January 1739, Mahim capitulated. This was speedily followed by the capture of the forts of Kelve/Mahim by Chengojirao shinde, Sirgão – by Ranojirao shinde, Tarapur – by Janojirao shinde, and Asserim on 13 February 1739 by Chimnajirao Peshwa self.On 28 March 1739 Portuguese lost the island and the fortress of Karanja to Raoloji Shinde's forces. Finally in February 1739, <mask> <mask> invaded Bassein Fort. He first occupied Versova fort., Dharavi and blockaded Bassein Creek. Then mines were laid at various points under the fort walls and detonated, causing a breach in the wall. As the Marathas including Ranojirao Shinde and his cousin grandfather Janojirao son of Shrimanat Changojirao poured into the fortress, the Portuguese fought on desperately and viciously, using their technically advanced weapons and artillery, they caused high casualties among the Marathas. Inch by inch the fort was secured and resistance contained in small pockets. At this stage the tower of Saint Sebastian collapsed in an explosion, and Portuguese morale plummeted.All resistance ceased immediately. On 16 May the Portuguese army surrendered. Portuguese Captain Caetano de Souza Pereira signed the surrender as most of the top army officers were already dead. <mask> was magnanimous in victory, and surviving Portuguese were given a safe passage from the city. Portuguese were given eight days to take all their movable property and move out. Accordingly, the last remnants of Portuguese army and administration pulled out of Vasai by 23 May 1739. Great Maratha warrior Manajirao, alias Jankoji Shinde, son of Chengojirao Shinde (and father of Ranoji), killed Portuguese top official General Martinho da Sylveira, General Pedro de Mello and Lt.Colonel João Malhão. The Portuguese sources record that during the entire war with <mask> <mask> during 1737–1740, besides the Northern Province's capital Baçaim (Portuguese name for Vasai), they further lost eight cities, four chief ports, twenty fortress, two fortified hills and 340 villages. The losses amounted to nearly the whole of the Northern Provinces. To celebrate his victory and to fulfill a vow taken in front of Devi Vajreshwari, Chimaji appa had a temple built for the goddess nearby. The Vajreshwari Temple still stands there as a relic of Maratha glory. <mask> <mask> collected five large bells after he won in war against the Portuguese from Vasai Fort. He offered the bells at Bhimashankar, at Menavali near Wai in front of a Shiva Temple on the banks of the Krishna river, Banshanker temple( Pune), Omkareshwar Temple ( Pune) and Ramlinga temple Shirur.<mask> <mask> is a well known and highly respected figure within Vasai, Bhayandar, Virar, Thane and Navghar region. Konkani celebrate his victory even today on Gudi Padwa a Maharashtri new year. <mask>'s contribution to Agri history is carried forward through generations through classic Powada across Maharashtra. He founded and renamed many villages including Vasai now a suburb, Bhayandar now a suburb, Virar now a town, Navghar now a town, Murdha, Rai, Morva, Dongri, Gorai and many more. <mask> <mask> died in 1740. The conquest of Bassein was long cherished by the Marathas as a matter of national pride and glory. A relationship built on trust and camaraderie between Bajirao and <mask> was the key to the meteoric rise of the Marathas during Bajirao Peshwa's reign.Family
<mask> was married to Rakhmabai (Pethe family). Rakhmabai was loving wife of Chimaji appa . They had a son Sadashivrao known popularly as Sadashivrao Bhau who led the Maratha forces in the historic Third Battle of Panipat against Ahmad Shah Durrani. Rakhmabai died shortly after Sadashivrao's birth. In popular culture

In the 2015 drama film Bajirao Mastani directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali, <mask> <mask> was portrayed by Vaibhav Tatwawadi
In the popular historical drama Peshwa Bajirao, which has been telecasted on Sony TV from 23 January 2017, the character of <mask> <mask> has been portrayed by the young child artist Ayaan Zubair Rehmani and the elder version is being played by actor Saurabh Gokhale. Legacy
The ground in Vasai, a suburb of Mumbai, is named after him. The name of Ground is Chimaji <mask> kridangan.External links

The history of Vasai

People of the Maratha Empire
Peshwa dynasty
Marathi people
History of Vasai
1707 births
1740 deaths
History of Thane district

masks:
Chimaji Balaji Bhat
Appa
Chimaji Appa
Chimaji Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Chimaji
Chimaji
Appa
Chimaji
Appa
Appa


type: original

texts:
<mask>  (born October 1, 1956) is an American intelligence officer who served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) from 2018 to 2021. She was the first woman to hold the post on a permanent basis and was previously the deputy director under Mike Pompeo during the early days of Donald Trump's presidency. She became acting director following Pompeo's resignation and was nominated by President Donald Trump to become the official Director of the CIA. On May 17, 2018, she was confirmed as the director of the CIA, the first woman to serve in the role in CIA history. She was officially sworn as director of the CIA on May 21, 2018. She was also the second female deputy director of the agency. <mask> has attracted controversy for her role as chief of a CIA black site in Thailand in 2002 in which prisoners were tortured with so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques", including waterboarding.At that time, the Bush Administration considered the techniques legal based on a set of secret, now-rescinded legal opinions which expansively defined executive authority and narrowly defined torture. <mask>'s involvement in torture was confirmed in August 2018 when a Freedom of Information lawsuit by the George Washington University-based National Security Archive brought to light CIA cables either authorized by or written by <mask> while base chief at the Thailand black site. The cables describe acts of deliberate physical torture of detainees, including waterboarding and confinement. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> Walker in Ashland, Kentucky. Her father served in the United States Air Force. She has four siblings. Haspel attended high school in the United Kingdom.She was a student at the University of Kentucky for three years and transferred for her senior year to the University of Louisville, where she graduated in May 1978 with a Bachelor of Science in languages and journalism. From 1980 to 1981, she worked as a civilian library coordinator at Fort Devens in Massachusetts. She received a paralegal certificate from Northeastern University in 1982 and went on to work as a paralegal until she was hired by the CIA. Early career

Early CIA career
<mask> joined the CIA in January 1985 as a reports officer. She held several undercover overseas positions. Her first field assignment was from 1987–1989 in Ethiopia, Central Eurasia, Turkey, followed by several assignments in Europe and Central Eurasia from 1990 to 2001. From 1996 to 1998, <mask> served as station chief in Baku, Azerbaijan.From 2001 to 2003, her position was listed as Deputy Group Chief, Counterterrorism Center. Between October and December 2002, <mask> was assigned to oversee a secret CIA prison in Thailand Detention Site GREEN, code-named Cat's Eye, which housed persons suspected of involvement in Al-Qaeda. The prison was part of the US government's "extraordinary rendition" program after the September 11 attacks, and used torture techniques such as waterboarding. According to a former senior CIA official, <mask> arrived as station chief after the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah but was chief during the waterboarding of Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri. On January 8, 2019, Carol Rosenberg, of the Miami Herald, reported that partially redacted transcripts from a pre-trial hearing of Guantanamo Military Commission of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, seemed to indicate that <mask> had been the "Chief of Base" of a clandestine CIA detention site on the Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, in the 2003–2004 period. Torture and destruction of evidence controversy

In late October 2002, Haspel became a chief of base for a "black site" CIA torture prison located in Thailand. She worked at a site that was codenamed "Cat's Eye", which would later become known as the place where suspected al Qaeda terrorist members Abd al-Rahim al-Nashiri and Abu Zubaydah were detained and tortured with waterboarding.In early February 2017, The New York Times and ProPublica reported that these waterboardings were both conducted under <mask>. In March 2018, U.S. officials said <mask> was not involved in the torture of Zubaydah, as she only became chief of base after Zubaydah was tortured. ProPublica and The New York Times issued corrections to their stories but noted that <mask> was involved in the torture of al-Nashiri. In August 2018, cables from the site, dating from November 2002 and likely authorized by if not written by <mask>, were released due to a Freedom of Information lawsuit, and described the torture of Nashiri in detail, including slamming him against a wall, confining him to a small box, waterboarding him, and depriving him of sleep and clothing, while threatening to turn him over to others who would kill him. Interrogators involved would also call Nashiri "a little girl," "a spoiled little rich Saudi," and a "sissy". <mask> played a role in the destruction of 92 interrogation videotapes that showed the torture of detainees both at the black site she ran and at other secret agency locations. A partially-declassified CIA document shows that the instruction for a new method of record keeping at the black site in Thailand, re-recording over the videos, took place in late October 2002, soon after Base Chief <mask>'s arrival.On December 17, 2014, the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR) pressed criminal charges against unidentified CIA operatives, after the US Senate Select Committee published its report on torture by US intelligence agencies. On June 7, 2017, the ECCHR called on the Public Prosecutor General of Germany to issue an arrest warrant against <mask> over claims she oversaw the torture of terrorism suspects. The accusation against her was centered on the case of Saudi national Abu Zubaydah. On May 1, 2018, Spencer Ackerman, writing in The Daily Beast, reported that former CIA analyst Gail Helt had been told some of the controversial torture recordings had not been destroyed, after all. On May 9, 2018, the day prior to her confirmation vote, The New York Times reported that Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, architect of the 9/11 attacks, requested to submit six paragraphs of information for the Senate committee to review before its vote. From 2004 to 2005, <mask> was Deputy Chief of the National Resources Division. After the service in Thailand, she served as an operations officer in Counterterrorism Center near Washington, DC.She later served as the CIA's station chief in London and, in 2011, New York. National Clandestine Service leadership
<mask> served as the Deputy Director of the National Clandestine Service, Deputy Director of the National Clandestine Service for Foreign Intelligence and Covert Action, and Chief of Staff for the Director of the National Clandestine Service. In 2005, <mask> was the chief of staff to Jose Rodriguez, Director of the National Clandestine Service. In his memoir, Rodriguez wrote that <mask> had drafted a cable in 2005 ordering the destruction of dozens of videotapes made at the black site in Thailand in response to mounting public scrutiny of the program. At the Senate confirmation hearing considering her nomination to head the CIA, <mask> explained that the tapes had been destroyed in order to protect the identities of CIA officers whose faces were visible, at a time when leaks of US intelligence were rampant. In 2013, John Brennan, then the director of Central Intelligence, named <mask> as acting Director of the National Clandestine Service, which carries out covert operations around the globe. However, she was not appointed to the position permanently due to criticism about her involvement in the Rendition, Detention and Interrogation program.Her permanent appointment was opposed by Dianne Feinstein and others in the Senate. Deputy Director of the CIA
On February 2, 2017, President Trump appointed <mask> Deputy Director of the CIA, a position that does not require Senate confirmation. In an official statement released that day, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes (R-CA) said:

On February 8, 2017, several members of the Senate intelligence committee urged Trump to reconsider his appointment of <mask> as Deputy Director. Senator Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI) quoted colleagues Ron Wyden (D-OR) and Martin Heinrich (D-NM) who were on the committee:

On February 15, 2017, Spencer Ackerman reported on psychologists Bruce Jessen and James Mitchell, the architects of the "enhanced interrogation" program that was designed to break Zubaydah and was subsequently used on other detainees at the CIA's secret prisons around the world. Jessen and Mitchell are being sued by Sulaiman Abdulla Salim, Mohamed Ahmed Ben Soud, and Obaid Ullah over torture designed by the psychologists. Jessen and Mitchell are seeking to compel <mask>, and her colleague James Cotsana, to testify on their behalf. Director of the CIA

Nomination

On March 13, 2018, President Donald Trump announced he would nominate <mask> to be the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, replacing Mike Pompeo—whom he tapped to become the new Secretary of State.Once confirmed by the Senate, <mask> became the first woman to serve as permanent Director of the CIA (Meroe Park served as Associate Deputy Director from 2013-2017 and acting director for three days in January 2017). Robert Baer, who once supervised <mask> at the CIA, found her to be "smart, tough and effective. Foreign liaison services who have worked with her uniformly walked away impressed." Republican senator Rand Paul said he would oppose the nomination, saying "To really appoint the head cheerleader for waterboarding to be head of the CIA? I mean, how could you trust somebody who did that to be in charge of the CIA? To read of her glee during the waterboarding is just absolutely appalling." Soon after Paul made this statement, the allegation that <mask> had mocked those being interrogated was retracted.Doug Stafford, an aide for Paul, said, "According to multiple published, undisputed accounts, she oversaw a black site and she further destroyed evidence of torture. This should preclude her from ever running the CIA." Republican senator and former presidential candidate John McCain called on <mask> to provide a detailed account of her participation in the CIA's detention program from 2001–2009, including whether she directed the use of so-called "enhanced interrogation techniques" and to clarify her role in the 2005 destruction of interrogation videotapes. In the Senate, McCain was a staunch opponent of torture, having been tortured as a prisoner of war in North Vietnam. McCain further called upon <mask> to commit to declassifying the 2014 Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture. Multiple senators have criticized the CIA for what they believe is selectivity in declassifying superficial and positive information about her career to generate positive coverage, while simultaneously refusing to declassify any "meaningful" information about her career. More than 50 former senior U.S. government officials, including six former Directors of the CIA and three former directors of national intelligence, signed a letter supporting her nomination.They included former Directors of the CIA John Brennan, Leon Panetta and Michael Morell, former Director of the NSA and CIA Michael Hayden, and former Director of National Intelligence James Clapper. In April, a group of 109 retired generals and admirals signed a letter expressing "profound concern" over <mask>'s nomination due to her record and alleged involvement in the CIA's use of torture and the subsequent destruction of evidence. Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting criticized press coverage that portrayed <mask>'s nomination as a victory for feminism. On May 10, The Washington Post Editorial Board expressed its opposition to <mask>'s nomination for not condemning the CIA's now-defunct torture program as immoral. On May 12, the first two Senate Democrats, Joe Donnelly of Indiana and Joe Manchin of West Virginia, announced their support for <mask>'s nomination. On May 9, 2018, <mask> appeared before the Senate Intelligence Committee for a confirmation hearing. On May 14, <mask> sent a letter to Senator Mark Warner of Virginia stating that, in hindsight, the CIA should not have operated its interrogation and detention program.Shortly thereafter, Warner announced he would back <mask> when the Senate Intelligence Committee voted on whether to refer her nomination to the full Senate. She was approved for confirmation by the Senate Intelligence Committee on May 16 by a 10–5 vote, with two Democrats voting in favor. The next day, <mask> was confirmed by the full Senate, on a mostly party-line, 54–45 vote. Paul and Jeff Flake of Arizona were the only Republican nays, and six Democrats — Donnelly, Manchin, Warner, Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota, Bill Nelson of Florida, and Jeanne Shaheen of New Hampshire — voted yes. McCain, who had urged his colleagues to reject her nomination, did not cast a vote, as he was hospitalized at the time. Tenure

<mask> was officially sworn in on May 21, 2018, becoming the first woman to serve as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency on a permanent basis. On January 29, 2019, during a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing, <mask> reported that the CIA was "pleased" with the Trump administration's March 2018 expulsion of 61 Russian diplomats following the poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal.<mask> added that the CIA did not object to the Treasury Department's decision in December 2018 to remove sanctions on three Russian companies tied to Russian oligarch Oleg Deripaska, a close associate of Russian President Vladimir Putin. On the subject of recent relations between North Korea and the United States, <mask> stated, "I think our analysts would assess that they value the dialogue with the United States, and we do see indications that Kim Jong-un is trying to navigate a path toward some kind of better future for the North Korean people." By May 2019, <mask> had hired many women in senior positions. In December 2020, she became the subject of a death hoax. According to social media claims, which appear to originate with QAnon groups, <mask> was either killed, injured, or arrested in a CIA raid on a server farm in Frankfurt. Several fact-checking projects debunked these claims, and were unable to find any evidence that <mask> had died or that a raid had taken place. <mask> announced her retirement from the CIA after 36 years of service on January 19, 2021, one day prior to the presidential transition from Trump to Joe Biden.William Burns had been selected by Biden on January 11 to succeed <mask> pending Senate confirmation. Burns was sworn in as the new director on March 19, 2021. After retiring from the CIA, <mask> began advising the law firm King & Spalding in July 2021. Awards and recognition
<mask> has received a number of awards, including the George H. W. Bush Award for excellence in counterterrorism, the Donovan Award, the Intelligence Medal of Merit, and the Presidential Rank Award. Personal life
<mask> married <mask>, who served in the United States Army,  1976; they were divorced by 1985. From 2001 to 2018 she owned a home in Ashburn, Virginia. She does not use social media.See also
 Extrajudicial prisoners of the United States

References

External links

 Director of the CIA  biography

|-

|-

1956 births
Deputy Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency
Living people
People of the Central Intelligence Agency
Presidential Rank Award recipients
Recipients of the Intelligence Medal of Merit
Trump administration cabinet members
People from Ashland, Kentucky
People from Ashburn, Virginia
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Louisville alumni
Women members of the Cabinet of the United States
21st-century American women

masks:
Gina Cheri Walker Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Gina Cheri
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Haspel
Jeff Haspel


texts:
<mask> (4 September 1942 Shiraz - 15 July 2006 Walla Walla, Washington) () was a prominent Persian archaeologist, Iranologist and a world expert on Achaemenid archaeology. <mask> got a BA degree in and an MA degree in East Asian archaeology from SOAS. <mask> had a doctorate degree in Achaemenid archaeology from University of London. <mask> was a lecturer in Achaemenid archaeology and Iranology at Harvard University. He was also a full professor of archaeology at Shiraz University and founded at Persepolis the Institute of Achaemenid Research in 1974. After the Islamic revolution, he moved to the US, firstly teaching at Columbia University and then later becoming a full professor of history in Eastern Oregon University. While employed at Columbia, <mask> became involved with the formation of the Encyclopædia Iranica.<mask>, who also served as visiting associate editor until 2003, would also author 76 articles of varying topics covering the Achaemenids, Arsacids, and Sasanian periods of Iran. <mask> wrote numerous classic books and articles on archaeology (Achaemenid, Sassanid and Islamic) in English, German, French, and the Persian language He died on 15 July 2006 after a long battle with cancer. He was transferred to Shiraz and buried in the memorials surrounding the Tomb of Hafez. Works

Books
I. Publications:
A. Book (see also D. Translation)

1. Cyrus the Great: Founder of the Persian Empire (Shiraz University Publication, No.19, Shiraz 1970; awarded Book of the Year Prize, 1970). 2. Darius the Great (Shiraz University Publication, No. 26, Shiraz 1971), second revised version is in preparation. 3. A Persian Prince: Cyrus the Younger (Shiraz University Publication, No. 29, Shiraz 1971).4. Illustrated Description of Naqš-i Rustam, (Tehran, 1978). Second revised edition in the press. 5. The Irano-Lycian Monuments: The Antiquities of Xanthos and Its Region as Evidence for the Iranian Aspects of the Achaemenid Lycia (Institute of Achaemenid Research Publication, No. II, Tehran 1975) [1973 Doctoral Thesis for London University]. 6.Persepolis Illustrated (Institute of Achaemenid Research Publication, No. IV, Tehran 1976), second edition, Tehran (1997); third revised edition due out in April 2003. 7. Sharh-e Mosawwar-e Takht-e Jamshid (Institute of Achaemenid Research Publication, No. VI), Tehran 1966; third revised edition in the press. 8. Persepolis Illustre (French tr.by A. Surrat, Institute of Achaemenid Research Publication, No. III, Tehran 1977). 9. Illustrierte Beschreibung von Persepolis (German tr. by E. Niewoehner, Institute of Achaemenid Research Publication, No. V, Tehran 1977). 10.The Medes and The Persians, Tehran Open University text book, Tehran (1977). 11. A History of Iranian Historiography to A.D. 1000, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation sponsored study [publication ready]. 12. Old Persian Inscriptions of Persepolis, I: Texts from the Platform Monuments [Corpus inscriptionum iranicarum I, 1. Portf. 1.], London (1985). 13. Persepolis IV: A comprehensive analysis of Persepolitan inscriptions and monument studied since E. F. Schmidt (in preparation). 14. Ferdows: A Critical Biography, Centre for Near Eastern Studies, Harvard University, (1991). Revised Persian version in preparation. 15.Passargadae. A Comprehensive and Illustrated Guide, Tehran 2000. 16. A Political History of the Sasanian Period, Persian Heritage Series, New York (forthcoming). 17. A Commentary on Tabari’s History of the Sasanian Kings, The University Press of Iran, Tehran (due June 2003). 18.The Authoritative Guide to Persepolis, SAFIR Publication, Tehran, 2004

19. Rahnamaye Mostanade Takhte-Jamshid, Parsa-Pasargadae Research Foundation Publication, No. 1, Tehran, 2005. Collaborations
20. Annotated ed. of P. J. Junge, Darieos I. König der Perser [Leipzig 1944], Institute of Achaemenid Research Publications, No. VIII.Shiraz (1978). 21. [Assistant Editor], Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, London 1987. 22. [With O. P. Skaervø], Festschrift for Professor Richard Nelson Frye = Bulletin of the Asia Institute 4, 1990). 23.[Collaborator with Dina Amin and M. Kasheff], Acta Iranica 30. Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater Leiden (1990). 24. The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I: Ancient Times, Booth-Clibborn Editions of London and The University Press of Iran, London 2001. 25. [Associate Editor], Encyclopædia Iranica, vols.X-XI, New York, 2002–2003

Articles

26. “Cyrus the Great and Croesus”, Khirad va Kushish 2 (1969), 157–74. 27. “The Expedition of Cyrus the Younger”, Khirad va Kushish, 3 (1970), 332–50. 28. “An Achaemenid Tomb: The Gur-i Dukhtar at Buzpar”, Bastanshinasi va hunare Iran, IV (1971), 54–6, 92–99. 29.“The ‘One Year' of Darius Re-examined”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies [University of London] 30 (1972) 609–614. 30. “An Achaemenid Symbol. I: A Farewell to ‘Fravahr' and ‘Ahuramazda'”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran NF. [Berlin] 7 (1974), 135–44. 31. “Some remarks on the Sh_hn_meh of Firdausi”, Hunar va Mardum, Nos.153-45 (1975), 118–120. 32. “The Persepolis ‘Treasury Reliefs' once more”, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran NF. 9 (1976), 152–56. 33. ‘The ‘Traditional date of Zoroaster' explained”, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies [University of London] 34 (1977), 25–35. 34.“From Parsa to Takht-i Jamshed”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 10 (1977), 197–207. 35. “New aspects of Persepolitan studies”, Gymnasium 85 (1978), 478–500. 36. “Archaeological, historical and onomastical notes” on the Persian tr. of Herodotus' Historiae by Gh. Vahid Mazandarani, Tehran (1979, pp.522–74). 37. “An Achaemenid Symbol II. Farnah ‘(God given) Fortune' symbolised", Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 13 (1980), 119–47. 38. “Firdaus's Date of Birth,” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 134 (1984), 98-105. 39.“The Sixth International Congress of Iranian Arts and Archaeology”, Rahnamaye Ketab, 15 (1351/1972), 692–702. 40. “Darius in Scythia and Scythians in Persepolis,” Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 15 (1982), 189–236. 41. “Studies in Sasanian Iconography I. Narse's Investiture at Naqš-i Rustam”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 16 (1983), 255–68. 42. “Vareγna, the royal falcon,” Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 134 (1984), 314–17.44. “Studies in S_s_nian Prosopography II. The relief of Ardašir II at Taq-i Bustan”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 18 (1985), 181–85. 45. “Darius' Haft-Kišvar”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran. Erg_nzungsband 10 [Kunst, Kultur und Geschichte der Achämenidenzeit und ihr Nachleben, eds. H. M. Koch-D. N.
Makenzie], Berlin (1983), 239–46.46. “Iranian Notes 1-6”, Acta Iranica 25 [=Papers in Honour of Professor Mary Boyce], Leiden (1985), 497–510. 47. “Iranian Notes 7-13”, Archäologische Mitteilungen ans Iran 19 (1986), 163–170. 48. “Zadroz-e Firdausi” Ayanda: A Journal of Iranian Studies, 12 (1365/1986), 42–7. 49.“Babr-e Bayan”, Ayanda 13 (1367/1988) 54–8. 50. “Guzidaha-ye Iranšinenasi”, Ayanda 13 (1367/1988), 354–61. 51. “The Three Faces of Tigranes”, American Journal of Ancient History Vol. 10, No. 2 (1985 [1993]), 124-36 (Harvard University).52. “On the Xwaday-namag”, Acta Iranica 30 [=Papers in Honor of Professor Ehsan Yarshater], Leiden (1990) 208–29. 53–58. “Huns”; “Isfahan”; “Panjikant”; “Pasargadae”; “Persepolis”; “Xerxes” in R. C. Bulliet ed., Encyclopaedia of Asian Studies (Middle East), New York (1988). 59. “Amazons” in E. Yarshater ed. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.I (London 1985), 929. 60. “Amorges”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. I, 986–87. 61. “Apama” Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II (London 1987), 150.62. “Ardašir II”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 380–81. 63. “Ardašir III”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 381–82. 64.“Ardašir Sakanšah”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 383–84. 65. “Ariaeos”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 405–406. 66. “Ariaramaeia”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.II, 407–408. 67. “Ariobarzanes #2”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 407–408. 68. “Ariyaramnes”,. Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.II, 410–411. 69. “Army in Ancient Iran”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 489–99. 70. “Arnavaz”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 517.71. “Arsacid Origins”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 525. 72. “Arsacid Era”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 451–52. 73.“Arsacid Chronology in Traditional History”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 542–43. 74.“Aršama”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 46. 75. “Arsites”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 548.76. “Artachaias”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 651. 77. “Artyphios”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 655. 78.“Asb (Horse) in Ancient Iran”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 724–30. 79. “Aspacana”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 786–87. 80. “Aspastes”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.II, 88. 81. “Astodan”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. II, 851–53. 82. “Bab-e Homayon”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III (London 1989), 284–85.83. “Bahram I”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III, 515–16. 84. “Bahram II”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III ibid., 516–17. 85.“Bahram-e Cobina”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III, 519–22. 86. “Bestam o Bendoy”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. IV (London 1990), 180–82. 87. “Byzantine-Iranian Relations”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.IV, 588–599. 88. “Capital Cities”, in E. Yarshater ed., Encyclopædia Iranica IV, 768–70. 89. “Cambadene”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. III, 724. 90.“Carrhae, Battle of”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. V (1991), 9-13. 91. “Characene in Rhagae”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. V, 365–66. 92. “Clothes: Iranian Costumes in the Median and Achaemenid Periods”; Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.V, 722–737. 93. “Coronation: in Pre-Islamic Iran”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. V, 277–79. 94. “Croesus”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. V, 401–2.95. “Crowns: iv - of Persian rulers from the Islamic conquest to the Qajar period”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. V, 421–25. 96. “Cunaxa:: battle of”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, (1993), 455–56. 97.“Cyrus I of Anshan”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, 516. 98. "Dance in Pre-Islamic Iran”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VI, 640–41. 99. “Darius the Great”,

masks:
Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
Shahbazi
Shahbazi
Alireza Shapour Shahbazi
Shahbazi
Shahbazi
Shahbazi


texts:
 Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.VII/1 (1994), 41–50.100. “Dat-al-Salasel, Battle of”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.VII, 98. 101 “Deportation in the Achaemenid Period”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.VII, VII/3 (1994), 297. 102. “Derafš”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. VII/3 (1994), 312–15. 103.“Ferdowsi’s hezara”, Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. IX/5, pp. 527–30. 104. “Ferdowsi’s Mausoleum”, Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. IX, pp. 524–27.105. “Flags. i. of Persia”, Encyclopædia Iranica Vol. X, 12–27. 96. 106. “Godarzian,” ibid., Encyclopædia Iranica Vol.XI, 2001, pp. 36–38. 107. “Gondišapur. i. the city”, ibid., Encyclopædia Iranica Vol Xi, pp. 131–33. 108.“Kinship of Greek and Persian,” in A. Ashraf Sadeqi ed, Tafazzoli Memorial Volume, Tehran 2000, 229-31

109 “Early Persians' interest in History”, Bulletin of the Asia Institute, 4 (1990), 257–65. 110. “Napoleon and Iran”, in Donald Horward et al. eds., Proceedings of the Consortium on Revolutionary Europe: Bicentennial of the French Revolution, 1990, 847–52. 111 “The Parthian Origins of the House of Rustam”, Bulletin of the Asia Institute New Series, Vol. 7 (1993), 155–63. 112.“Persepolis and the Avesta”, Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Iran, 27 (1994), 85–90. 113. “Early Sasanian Ladies: An Archaeological Investigation”, in Sarkhosh-Curtis ed., Aspects of Parthian and Sasanian Iran, London, (1996) 136–42. 114 “The Eye of the King in Classical and Persian Literature” American Journal of Ancient History, (1988 [1997]), 170–89. 115 “Artiš dar Iran-e Bastan”, Persian Journal of Archaeology and History X/2 (1996), 23–36. 116. “Asp va savarakri dar Iran-e Bastan”, in ibid., XI (1997), 27–42.117. “A specimen of marriage contract in Pahlavi and later Persian”, Namvvra-yi Mamud Afšar IX, Tehran 1996, 5565-576

118. “Migration of Persians into Fars”, Arjnama-ye Iraj, Tehran 1999, pp. 211–43. 119. “Oldest Description of Persepolis”, Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History Vol. 13, 1999, pp.31–8. 120. “Iran’s Ancient History” in A. Sh. <mask>, ed., The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times, London (2001), 46–53. 121. “Inscriptions”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol.I, Ancient Times, 150–53. 122. “Creating the Median state”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times, 172–73. 123 “Achaemenid Art”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times, 174–245. 124.“Painting in Ancient Iran”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times., 342–47. 125. “Arms and Armor”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times, 430–47. 126. “Scripts of Ancient Iran”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol.I, Ancient Times, 490–501. 127. “Courtly Past times”, The Splendour of Iran, Vol. I, Ancient Times, 502–511. 128. “Iranians and Alexander”, American Journal of Ancient History, New Series. 2 (2003), 5-38.129. “Recent speculations on the ‘Traditional date of Zoroaster’”, Studia Iranica 31 (2002), 7-45. 130. “Early Sasanians’ Claim to Achaemenid Heritage", Journal of Ancient Persian History I/1, Spring and Summer 2001, 61–73. 131. “Notes on the Shahnama, Vols I-V, of Khaleghi edition”, Iranshenas, 13/2. 2001, 317–24.132. “Goštasp”,Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XI, pp. 171–76. :

133. “Harem”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol XI, pp. 671–72 and Vol.XII, pp. 1–3. 134. “Did Goštasp marry his sister?,” in T. Daryaee-M. Omidsala eds., The Spirit of Wisdom, Costa Mesa, Calif., 2004, pp. 232–37. 135 “Historiography in Pre-Islamic Iran”,Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XII, 2003, pp.325–330. 136. “Harut and Marut”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XII, pp. 20–22. 137. “Hang-e Afrasiab,” Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.XI, pp. 655–57..

138. “Haft Sin (Seven S) Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XI, 511-15. 139. “Haft Kesvar”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XI, pp.519–24. 140. “Haft sin”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol. XI. 524–26. 141. “Haftvad”, Encyclopædia Iranica, Vol.XI, pp. 535–37. 142. “Mazdaean echoes in Shi'ite Iran” in Pheroza J. Godreji and Firoza Punthakey Mistree eds., A Zoroastrian Tapestry: Art, Religion and Cultur, Bombay and Singapore, 2002, pp. 246–57. 143. “The myth of next-of-kin marriage in ancient Iran”, Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History 15/1-2, 2002, pp.9–36. 144. “Hormozd II”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 660–62. 145. “Hormozd , Sasanian Prince –brother of Shapur II”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 662–63..

146 .“Hormozd ,III”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 663–64. 147. “Hormazd IV”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 665–66. 148. ”Hormazd, the prince”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp.667–68

149. “Hormazd V”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI pp. 669–70. 150. “Hormozd VI”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI pp. 670–72

151. “(Battle of) Homozdagan”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI pp.672–74. 152. “Hormazd Kušanšah”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 674–75. 153. “Hormozan”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XI, pp. 675–76.154–162. (On the website of the Encyclopædia Iranica,), “Nowruz”, “Zal”, “Iraj”, “Sasanian Dynasty”, “Shapur I”, “Yazdegerd I”, “Rudabeh”, “Hoshang”, “Persepolis”, “Shiraz”,
163. “Peter Julius Junge”. Encyclopædia Iranica, XII, forthcoming. .

164. “Peter Calmeyer”, Encyclopædia Iranica, XII, forthcoming. 165. “The History of the Idea of Iran”, in Vesta Curtis ed., Birth of the Persian Empire, London (2005) forthcoming.C. Book Reviews (Selected)

166. G. Azarpay, Urartian Art and Artifacts: A Chronological Study University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles 1968, in R_hnama-ye Kitab 12/1-2 (1348/1969), 62–65. 167. M. Boyce (tr. ), The Letter of Tansar Rome, 1968, in ibid., 12/9-10 (1348/1969), 567–76. 168. A. D. H. Bivar, Catalogue of the Western Asiatic Seals in the British Museum: Stamp Seals, II - The Sassanian Dynasty, publ.by The Trustees of the British Museum, London 1969, in ibid., 13 (1349/1970), 465–68. 169. E. Yarshater ed., Encyclopædia Iranica II, London 1987, in The American Journal of Oriental Studies 110 (1990), 778–79. 170. Dj. Khaleghi-Motlagh ed., The Shahname of Abol Qasim Ferdowsi I, New York 1989, in ibidn., 111 (1991). 171.M. A. Dandamaev, A Political History of the Achaemenid Period, Eng. tr. W. J. Vogelsang, Leiden (1989), in Iranshenasi 3 (1991), 612–21. 172. J. Wiesehöfer, Die ‘Dunklen Jahrhunderte’ der Persis, Zetemata: Monographien zur Klassischen Altertumswissenschaft, no. 90. Munich: 1994, in Bulletin of the Asia Institute Vol.9, 1995, pp. 270–73. 173. R. Schmitt's The Bistun Inscription of Darius the Great: Old Persian Text, London 1991, in the German journal Orientalische Literaturzeitung 92 (1997), 732–40. 174. Farraxvmart i Vahraman, The Book of A Thousand Judgments (A Sasanian Law Book), introduction, transcription, and translation of the Pahlavi text, notes, glossary and indexes by Anahit Perikhanian, translated from Russian by Nina Garsoian, Persian Heritage Series No. 39, Costa Mesa, California and New York (1997) in Iranian Studies 32/3 (1999), 418–21.175. M. Brosius et al., Studies in Persian History: Essays in Memory of David M. Lewisi, Leiden, 1998, in Journal of Ancient Iranian Studies 1/2, 2003, pp. 47–9. 176. Piere Briant, History of the Persian Empire: From Cyrus to Alexander, New York, 2002: “A New Picture of the Achaemenid World”, Journal of Ancient Persian History III/2, Autumn and Winter 2003–2004, pp. 69–80. Selected papers
 Oxford Unviversity, September 1972: "Some remarks on the D_r_bgird Triumph relief", Sixth International Congress of Iranian Art and Archaeology
 Munich University, September 1976:"Costume and Nationality", Seventh International Congress of Iranian Art and Archaeology
 Harvard University, October 1983: "Prosopography of _Alexander Sarcophagus", Ancient History Seminar.Harvard University, November 1983: "Illustrations on Herodotus", Ancient History Seminars
 University of California at Berkeley: "Graeco-Persian reliefs", Near Eastern Department
 Harvard University: November 1988 "Sources of Islamic Art", Middle East Center
 Columbia University, November 1987: "Iranians on _Alexander Monuments"
 American Academy of Religion, Boston, November 1988: "The Eagle: A Persian Symbol of Rulership and Sacred Fire"
 University of California, Los Angeles, February 1990: "On the birthrate of Ferdowsi"
 University of London, Britain, March 1992: "Early Sasanian Ladies"
 Harvard University, February 1993: "Observations on Greco-Persian Sculptures"
 University of Sydney, Australia, October 1994: "The Political Identity of Persia"
 University of Washingtons, Seattle, May 1996: "Women of Ancient Iran". British Museum, London (Lukonin Lecture), July 2001: "From Scythia to Sardis: New Aspects of Persepolitan Art"
 Columbia University, May 2003: "The Iconography of Persepolis Seals"
 British Museum and London Middle Eastern Institute, June 2004: "On the History of the Idea of Iran, from the Avestan period to the present"

Documentaries
 1976 “Crossroad of Civilization”, BBC With David Frost, Parts 2-4: Achaemenids and Parthians
 1999 "Heritage of Iran", Seda va sima, Jam- e Jam (Persian and English)
 2000 "Spartans at the Gate", Discovery Channel and BBC
 2002 "Persepolis: A New Look", Sunrise Production (Persian and English)
 2003 "Perseplis Regained", BBC. Radio, Channel 4
 2004 "Pasargadae and Tang-e Bulaghi", Emami Production

See also
Iranology
Achaemenid Empire

Other notable Iranologists:
Abdolhossein Zarrinkoub
Richard N. Frye
Ehsan Yarshater
Ahmad Tafazzoli
Mehrdad Bahar
Parviz Varjavand

References

Sources

External links

 Prof Alireza Shahbazi died in 2006 and buried in Shiraz next to Hafez
 Prof Alireza Shahbazi's research works offered a detailed picture of Ancient Persian heritage to the world archeologists
 The father of Perspolis: in the memory of the most prominent Achaemenid archeologist
The passing of A. Shapur Shahbazi at Encyclopædia Iranica, where many of his articles are available on-line. Iranian historians
Iranian archaeologists
Iranian Iranologists
Iranian expatriate academics
People from Shiraz
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Iranian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Academics of the University of London
Harvard University faculty
Shiraz University faculty
1942 births
2006 deaths
20th-century historians
Zoroastrian studies scholars
20th-century archaeologists
20th-century


texts:
<mask> (born August 4, 1962) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher, coach, and manager, who is currently a scout for the Cincinnati Reds and a FOX and ESPN baseball analyst. During his playing career, <mask> was a member of the Cleveland Indians, California Angels, and Detroit Tigers. He served as pitching coach for the Boston Red Sox from 2007 to 2010, before leaving to be manager of the Toronto Blue Jays from 2011 to 2012. He returned to the Red Sox in 2013, winning the World Series with them in his first year as manager, and continued to manage the team until he was fired two days after losing the 2017 ALDS. Playing career

Amateur
<mask> grew up in Monmouth Beach, New Jersey, and was a star pitcher for Shore Regional High School. Upon graduating from high school in 1980, <mask> was drafted by the Oakland Athletics, but he did not sign. He played college baseball for Oklahoma State, where he had a 20–6 record for his four-year career.In 1982, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Hyannis Mets of the Cape Cod Baseball League. After graduating from Oklahoma State, he was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the second round of the 1984 Draft. Professional
<mask> made his major league debut with the Indians on August 18, 1987, playing for them until the 1990 season. He enjoyed success as part of the Cleveland starting rotation, but injuries to his right elbow caused him to miss the entire 1991 and 1992 seasons. He returned to action with the California Angels (1993–94), again with Cleveland (1995), and finished his career with the Detroit Tigers (1996). Post-playing career
In 1997, <mask> joined his alma mater, Oklahoma State University, as assistant coach and pitching and recruiting coordinator. He remained with the college through 2001.From November 2001 through the end of the 2006 season, <mask> served as the director of player development for the Cleveland Indians. In 2003 and 2004, the Indians were named MLB Organization of the Year by USA Todays Sports Weekly. In 2003, they were also named as having the top farm system in professional baseball by Baseball America. Following the 2006 season, the Boston Red Sox hired <mask> as its new pitching coach, replacing Dave Wallace. <mask> rejoined Red Sox manager Terry Francona, as they had been teammates together on the Indians. Toronto Blue Jays
During the 2010 off-season, <mask> was rumored to be one of four finalists for the job of manager of Toronto Blue Jays, along with Brian Butterfield, DeMarlo Hale, and Sandy Alomar Jr. The Blue Jays held a press conference on October 25, 2010, formally introducing <mask> as the team's manager for the 2011 season.<mask> suffered a dislocated jaw while attempting to restrain pitcher Jon Rauch from going after umpire Alfonso Marquez, during a game on July 2, 2011. Both Rauch and <mask> were ejected from the game. On August 25, 2011, during a home game against the Kansas City Royals, <mask> was forced to leave the dugout in the ninth inning due to a then unknown illness. He was later diagnosed with pneumonia at Mount Sinai Hospital, and was released from the hospital on August 26. He finished his stint as Toronto Blue Jays manager with a record of 154 wins and 170 losses. Boston Red Sox
On October 20, 2012, it was reported that <mask> had asked to be allowed to interview for the manager position with the Boston Red Sox. The next day the Blue Jays officially confirmed <mask> had accepted the manager position with Boston.In the same transaction, Toronto sent pitcher David Carpenter to Boston in exchange for infielder Mike Avilés. On October 22, 2013, <mask> was named Sporting News' 2013 AL Manager of the Year. In 2013, <mask> became the fifth first-year Red Sox manager to win the American League pennant. The Red Sox subsequently went on to win the 2013 World Series, going from worst to first under <mask> in just a year's time. It was also the first time in 95 years that the Red Sox won the Series at home, the last time being the 1918 World Series. However, the team struggled during <mask>'s second year as manager and subsequently finished last in their division. <mask> accepted responsibility for their poor performance and also attributed their problems to inconsistencies in their offense.<mask>'s 2015 season was cut short in August when he was diagnosed with lymphoma and forced to seek treatment. By the time of his departure, the Red Sox's struggles were continuing and they again found themselves in last place in their division, where they ultimately finished for the second year in a row. Nevertheless, it was announced that <mask> would return as the Red Sox's manager in 2016. The 2016 season was a noted improvement for <mask> and the Red Sox, who finished at the top of their division and returned to the playoffs. However, the team would be swept in the American League Division Series against the Cleveland Indians, led by their former manager Terry Francona, under whom <mask> had previously served. The Red Sox again finished at the top of their division under <mask> in the 2017 season, but were also eliminated in the divisional round for a second consecutive year, this time against the Houston Astros. On October 11, 2017, the Red Sox announced <mask>'s termination after serving five years as manager.Cincinnati Reds
In March 2018, the Reds announced that <mask> had joined their organization as a scout, his role to be "evaluating the club's system and also serving on special assignments". Managerial records

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|Year !! colspan="5"|Regular season !! colspan="4"|Postseason
|-
!Games!!Won!!Lost! !Win %!!Finish!!Won !! Lost !! Win % !! Result
|-
|-
!TOR||
||162||81||81|||| 4th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!TOR||
||162||73||89|||| 4th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
! colspan="2"|TOR total || 324 || 154 || 170 ||  || || 0 || 0 || – ||
|-style="background:#fde910"
!BOS||
||162||97||65|||| 1st in AL East || 11 || 5 ||  || Won World Series (STL)
|-
!BOS||
||162||71||91|||| 5th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-
!BOS||
||162||78||84|||| 5th in AL East || – || – || – || –
|-style="background:#fdd"
!BOS||
||162||93||69|||| 1st in AL East || 0 || 3 || .000 || Lost ALDS (CLE)
|-style="background:#fdd"
!BOS||
||162||93||69|||| 1st in AL East' || 1 || 3 || .250 || Lost ALDS (HOU)
|-
! colspan="2"|BOS total || 810 || 432 || 378 ||  || || 12 || 11 ||  ||
|-
! colspan="2"|Total || 1134 || 586 || 548 ||  || || 12 || 11 ||  ||
|}

Broadcasting
In March 2018, it was announced that Farrell would join ESPN's Baseball Tonight as an analyst, in time for the start of the regular season.He has also appeared as an analyst on Fox Major League Baseball during the 2019 season. Personal life
<mask>'s father, Tom, pitched in the Cleveland Indians farm system in the 1950s until an injury ended his baseball career. As of the 2019 baseball season, <mask> spends 10 days a month working as a minor league pitching scout for the Cincinnati Reds, and at other times works lobster fishing near Ipswich, Massachusetts, on his boat Seaweed''. <mask> has three sons, all of whom were selected in the MLB Draft. Jeremy, an infielder, played college baseball at Virginia, then was in the Pittsburgh Pirates minor league system from 2008 through 2012, and in the Chicago White Sox system from 2013 through 2015. Shane, a right-handed pitcher out of Marshall, was taken in the 46th round by the Toronto Blue Jays in 2011, and then worked for the Chicago Cubs in their baseball operations department. His youngest, Luke, a Northwestern right-hander, was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the sixth round of the 2013 draft and has pitched in MLB for the Royals, Reds, Cubs and Twins.In 2018, two of <mask>'s sons worked in the Cubs organization: Shane as an area scout, Jeremy as the Assistant Director of Baseball Development. Shane was named Amateur Scouting Director for the Blue Jays before the 2020 season. References

External links

, or Retrosheet

1962 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from New Jersey
Baseball players from New Jersey
Boston Red Sox coaches
Boston Red Sox managers
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
California Angels players
Canton-Akron Indians players
Charlotte Knights players
Cincinnati Reds scouts
Cleveland Indians executives
Cleveland Indians players
Detroit Tigers players
Hyannis Harbor Hawks players
Maine Guides players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Oklahoma State Cowboys baseball players
People from Monmouth Beach, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Toledo Mud Hens players
Toronto Blue Jays managers
Vancouver Canadians players
Waterbury Indians players
Waterloo Indians players
World Series-winning managers

masks:
John Edward Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell
Farrell


texts:
<mask> (1892-1973), was a Boston Brahmin, socialite, heiress and a long-term American expatriate living in Paris. The daughter of Landscape architect, <mask> and Harriet Sears. She was also the niece of <mask>, editor of Vanity Fair. <mask> had the pedigree of the most elite Boston Brahmim; she was a descendant of the  Adams, Amory, <mask>, Copley, <mask>, and Peabody families. She was a distant relative of <mask>. A trust child and in adulthood a self proclaimed socialist. <mask> rejected the Brahmin background early in life, replacing it with a Parisian life from 1923 onwards.Her friendships included the literati: Harry Crosby, Hart Crane, Robert Herrick, Somerset Maugham and H. G. Wells. Marriage to Ray Atherton, US Diplomat
She married Ray Atherton at the age of eighteen in Paris. They resided initially in Chicago, Illinois and moved to London returning a second time in 1917, when her husband entered the U.S foreign service. During her first marriage, she accompanied her husband to China on a diplomatic posting, where she, a determined gambler, behaved wildly enough to earn herself the nickname ‘The Queen of Peking’. Living there during American Prohibition in the early 1920’a proved tantalizing for her. She began an affair Eric Brenan, a British Diplomat, as well as with an American Expat, Felix Doubleday  while in still in China as the wife of a diplomat. Felix Doubleday was the adoptive son of Frank Nelson Doubleday.Love letters from both Eric and Felix have been preserved. It was also during this time that she became friends with Wallis Simpson and Katherine and Herman Rogers. <mask> wore dresses that were flamboyant and she spared little thought of what others might say about her. She loved anything risky;  was addicted to horse racing, gambling and extramarital liaisons, which placed a great deal of a strain on their marriage. She had multiple admirers and  received regular relationship advice from her financial guardian, Uncle Charles Francis Adams III (1866-1954), written on his ‘Secretary of the US Navy’ stationery. When Atherton was recalled to the State Department, she remained in China on the plea that her horses needed attention. As a young future divorcee <mask> moved to Paris, whilst her future ex-husband, went on to head up the U.S. Embassy in Athens.Life in Paris
<mask> became intimately involved for a time with fellow Boston Brahmin, hedonistic poet and publisher Harry Crosby, whose wife Caresse Crosby was the first recipient of a patent for the modern bra. <mask>, the French Countess (1924-1930)
Following her divorce from Atherton, she became engaged to the reportedly handsome former polo player, Count Pierre de Jumilhac, also known as Antoine Clément Marie Pierre Chapelle de Jumilhac, a member of one of the oldest noble families of Brittany. They married on October 11, 1924 and she became the Comtesse de Jumilhac. Whilst married to the Count, she became prominent in the arts, as well as one of the most prominent racehorse owners in France. The marriage to the Count did not last, and by 1929 they were divorced. D. H. Lawrence, the English writer, wrote to Harry Crosby and mentioned <mask> remarried twelve months later. Husbands and horses
<mask> visited her parents who had relocated to Santa Barbara.Shortly after, the New York Times announced on February 26, 1930 the disclosure of her subsequent marriage to Eliot Rogers with the headline "Countess to Wed on Coast". Her new husband was the brother of Cameron Rogers, the author, and a nephew of Charles Fernald, a Chicago banker, and Reginald Fernald, the owner of the  Santa Barbara Morning Press until 1932. She returned to France with Eliot, and is recorded as attending the "Concours Hippique", the Paris Horse Show of 1932 and was described as an outstanding figure on the French turf. That same year her former husband, the Count died at the age of 42. By November 1933, the papers referred to <mask> by her maiden name, since her marriage to newspaper owner Eliot had ended in divorce. In 1934 her horse “Jean-Victor”, won the Prix du Président de la République at the Auteuil Hippodrome. That same year she met the writer H.G.Wells, twenty-five years her senior, with whom she conducted a passionate affair in the last decade of his life. By the time she was forty years of age, she had been married four times, and was juggling multiple relationships with H.G. Wells, Philippe Barrès, the editor of Paris Match and Paris Soir and the recently widowed William Lygon, 7th Earl Beauchamp in 1936 who asked her hand in marriage. During the abdication of Edward VIII in 1936, she invited Wallis Simpson to stay with her in Paris, and was a guest at their wedding. <mask> remained at the center of social events and was friends with Ernest Hemingway and Wallis Simpson. In 1938, her father was terminally ill, she returned to California and was with him at the time of his passing. She returned to France spending Christmas in the company of the Windsor’s and accompanied them to Monte Carlo.In the 1950s she married Andre William Magnus, a public relations manager in the French Film Industry. Passionate about horse racing, she owned a very large stable of horses and she would go to the racetrack every day. She spent most of her life in Paris. Photographic Collection of her life
The Southern Illinois University, Carbondale holds a series of photographs of her life as part of the Caresse Crosby Collection. Death
<mask> died at the American Hospital in Paris on April 30, 1973 and her husband, Andre Magnus scattered her ashes in a vault situated on the top of a hill in the Père Lachaise Cemetery. Although she was a distant relative of <mask>, a range of U.S. regional newspapers from Alabama to Meriden, Connecticut published her obituary erroneously describing her as one of his daughters. Ancestry

She was the granddaughter of Caspar <mask>, Commander of the 2nd Massachusetts Cavalry during the U.S. Civil War, and the niece of the music patron Elizabeth Sprague <mask>, and first cousin to Ben Bradlee.Although she was a distant relative of <mask>, a range of U.S. regional newspapers from Alabama to Meriden, Connecticut published her obituary on May 2, 1973 erroneously describing her as one of his daughters. Further reading
 The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Volume VII, November 1928 – February 1930, ed. Keith Sagar and James T. Boulton, Cambridge University Press, 1993, page 48. .
 W.H. Downes, John S. Sargent, his life and work, London, 1926, page 291, as 'Mrs Ray Atherton'. D. McKibbin, Sargent's Boston, with an Essay and a Biographical Summary; plus a complete Check List of Sargent's portraits, Boston, 1956, page 82, as 'Mrs Ray Atherton'. References

1892 births
1973 deaths
Coolidge family
Crowninshield family
French countesses
People from Boston
American expatriates in France

masks:
Constance Crowninshield Coolidge
David Hill Coolidge
Frank Crowninshield
Constance
Coolidge
Crowninshield
Calvin Coolidge
Constance
Constance
Constance
Constance
Constance
Constance Constance
Constance
Constance
Constance
Constance
Calvin Coolidge
Crowninshield
Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge


texts:
<mask> (born 14 March 1964) is an Australian former rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played in the centres, achieving representative honors for Australia and New South Wales. His club football career was spent with the St. George Dragons and Brisbane Broncos, as well as two spells in England, first with Castleford (Heritage № 653) in 1986-87 and then Barrow in 1989–90. After retiring from the playing field, <mask> worked in the administration of the Brisbane Broncos and Melbourne Storm clubs. Playing career
Although born in Queensland, <mask> was raised in the St George District of Sydney. <mask> played his junior rugby league for Penshurst RSL. <mask> made his first grade début for St. George during the 1984 NSWRL season and the following year played as a reserve back for St. George in their 6–7 loss to Canterbury in the Grand Final after earlier playing in the Dragons winning reserve grade grand final side.<mask> played left-, i.e. number 4, in the 31–24 victory over Hull F.C. in Castleford's 1986 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1986–87 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, on Saturday 11 October 1986. <mask> then moved to the New South Wales Rugby Football League premiership's newly created Brisbane Broncos in 1988. In 1989 <mask> (despite being born in Queensland) became the first Queensland based player to play State of Origin for New South Wales when he made his début for the Blues on the wing for Game 1 of the 1989 State of Origin series at Lang Park, the home of the Broncos. <mask> was the top try-scorer of the 1989 Brisbane Broncos season

<mask> went on to play 10 games for NSW between 1989 and 1994, scoring 3 tries. Although a centre at club level, <mask> pace saw him play mainly on the wing or from the bench in representative sides with Australia blessed with top class centres in Mal Meninga, Laurie Daley, Dale Shearer, Andrew Ettingshausen and Brad Fittler.At the end of the 1990 NSWRL season, and despite not playing for NSW in the 1990 State of Origin series, <mask> was selected for the 1990 Kangaroo tour of Great Britain and France where he played in 11 tour games and scored 4 tries on tour. <mask> made his test début for Australia as a reserve back in the final game of the tour against France at the Stade Gilbert Brutus in Perpignan. During 1991 <mask> played in NSW 1-2 series loss to Queensland in the 1991 Origin series and was then chosen for all three mis-season Trans-Tasman Tests against New Zealand, making his run on début for Australia in the 1st Test loss to the Kiwis at Olympic Park Stadium in Melbourne. Following the end of the 1991 season, <mask> was part of the Australian touring side to Papua New Guinea, playing in both tests against the Kumuls. <mask> continued good form saw him play on the wing during Game 3 of NSW's 2-1 1992 State of Origin series win over Qld. That year saw the 1992 Great Britain Lions tour of Australia and New Zealand with <mask> selected as a reserve for the 2nd Test against the Lions at Melbourne's Princes Park where he scored his 1st test try in Australia's shock 10–33 loss. After being overlooked for the opening test, <mask> was called into the side to replace Brad Fittler who was given leave from the team following the death of his Penrith teammate Ben Alexander.<mask> retained his spot for the 3rd test in Brisbane and helped Australia retain The Ashes which they have held since 1973. Following this <mask> was selected for what would be his last test for Australia as a reserve back, scoring his 2nd test try in the 36–14 win over Papua New Guinea in Townsville. In the weeks following the Broncos maiden Grand Final over St. George in 1992, <mask> travelled with the Broncos to England, where he played at centre in the 1992 World Club Challenge against British champions Wigan at Wigan's famous Central Park, helping Brisbane become the first Australian club to win the match in Britain. A week earlier he was a non-playing reserve in Australia's 10–6 win over Great Britain in the World Cup Final at Wembley Stadium, London in front of a World Record rugby league test crowd of 73,631 fans (<mask> was the only Australian selected in the 17 not to get any game time in the final). <mask> was overlooked for both Origin and Test selection in 1993 but went on to play 24 games and score 9 tries in the 1993 NSWRL season for the Broncos, helping them to a second straight Grand Final win over St. George. <mask> continued to play well for the Broncos in 1994, form which saw him selected for games 2 and 3 for NSW in their 2-1 Origin series win over Qld. Mid-way through the season he was also part of Brisbane's 14–20 loss to Wigan in the 1994 World Club Challenge at Brisbane's ANZ Stadium in front of a still WCC record crowd of 54,220.<mask> had an injury interrupted season for the Broncos in 1995, playing just nine games and scoring 2 tries. His final season before announcing his retirement was the 1996 ARL season, where he played 21 games but surprisingly failed to score a try. From his début with St. George in 1984 until his retirement following 1996, <mask> played in 223 games (52 for St. George, 171 for Brisbane) and scored 57 tries (7 and 50), winning two premierships and one World Club Challenge for the Broncos. He represented NSW on 10 occasions, scoring 3 tries and played in 9 tests for Australia, scoring 2 tries. He also played for Castleford and Barrow in England and represented NSW City Origin on 4 occasions between 1989 and 1994. Career stats

NSWRL/ARL

Representative

Post-playing
Following retirement <mask> worked in the Brisbane Broncos administration before moving south with John Ribot to help set up the new Melbourne Storm club. He was responsible for signing the key players that allowed Melbourne to win the premiership in only their second season.He left the post at the end of 2002. In 2000 <mask> was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australia's international standing in the sport of rugby league. In 2005 <mask> became the 6th former player inducted into the Broncos official Hall of Fame. During the 2007 season at the Broncos' 20-year anniversary celebration, the club announced a list of the 20 best players to play for them to date which included <mask>. References

External links
<mask> at thecastlefordtigers.co.uk
<mask> at yesterdayshero.com.au
<mask> at nrlstats.com

1964 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league administrators
Australian rugby league players
Barrow Raiders players
Brisbane Broncos players
Castleford Tigers players
New South Wales City Origin rugby league team players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Rugby league centres
St. George Dragons players

masks:
Chris Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Chris Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Chris Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Chris Johns
Johns
Johns
Chris Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Chris Johns
Chris Johns
Chris Johns


texts:
<mask> (April 15, 1922 – November 25, 1987) was an American lawyer and politician who was the 51st Mayor of Chicago. <mask> became the first African American to be elected as the city's mayor in April 1983 after a multiracial coalition of progressives supported his election. He served as mayor from April 29, 1983 until his death on November 25, 1987. Born in Chicago and raised in the Bronzeville neighborhood, <mask> became involved in local 3rd Ward politics under Chicago Alderman and future Congressman Ralph Metcalfe after graduating from Roosevelt University and Northwestern University School of Law. <mask> was a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1981 to 1983, representing Illinois's first district. <mask> had previously served in the Illinois State Senate and the Illinois House of Representatives from 1965 until 1976. Biography

Ancestry
The earliest known ancestor of <mask>, <mask>, was born a slave in 1832 in North Carolina.In 1864 he enlisted in the 8th United States Colored Heavy Artillery, Company L, in Paducah, Kentucky. Following his discharge in 1866, he began farming with his wife Rebecca Neal in Ballard County, Kentucky. Among their six children was Isam/Isom McDaniel (Mack) <mask>, who was born in 1875. In 1896, <mask> had married Arbella Weeks of Massac County, who had been born in Mississippi in 1878. In 1897, their first son, Roy L<mask>, father of <mask> was born in Ballard County, Kentucky. In 1903, shortly after both families moved to Massac County, Illinois, the elder <mask> died. After farming for a time, <mask> became a minister in the African Methodist Episcopal (A.M.E.) Church, serving numerous churches in Illinois until the death of his wife in 1952.Reverend I.M.D<mask> died in 1953. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on April 15, 1922, at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, Illinois, to Roy and Bertha <mask>. While still in high school in Lawrenceville, Illinois, Roy met Bertha from nearby Carrier Mills and the two married in 1916 in Harrisburg, Illinois. Their first son, Roy Jr., was born in Carrier Mills before the family moved to Chicago where Roy enrolled in Kent College of Law. A lawyer, he became one of the first black precinct captains in the city, and a Methodist minister. In 1918, daughter Geneva was born and second son Edward was born in 1920.Bertha left the family, possibly to seek her fortune as a singer, and the couple divorced in 1928. Bertha remarried and had seven more children including Ramon Price, who was an artist and eventually became chief curator of The DuSable Museum of African American History. <mask> grew up in Bronzeville, a Chicago neighborhood that was the center of black culture for the entire Midwest in the early and middle 20th century. Edward and <mask> stayed with their father while Roy Jr. and Geneva were cared for by grandparents. After attending St Benedict the Moor Boarding School in Milwaukee from 1928 to 1932, <mask> attended DuSable High School, then a newly established racially segregated public high school, and was a member of its first graduating class. In a 1939 citywide track meet, <mask> placed first in the 110-meter high hurdles event, and second in the 220-meter low hurdles event. Between his junior and senior year of high school, <mask> dropped out, claiming that he no longer felt challenged by the coursework.He worked at a meatpacking plant for a time before his father helped him get a job at the U.S. Treasury branch in the city. There he met Nancy Dorothy Finch, whom he married soon after; Washington was 19 years old and Dorothy was 17 years old. Seven months later, the U.S. was drawn into World War II with the bombing of Pearl Harbor by the Japanese on Sunday, December 7, 1941. Military service
In 1942, Washington was drafted into the United States Army for the war effort and after basic training, sent overseas as part of a racially segregated unit of the U.S. Army Air Corps unit of Engineers. After the American invasion of the Philippines in 1944, on Leyte Island and later the main Luzon island, Washington was part of a unit building runways for bombers, protective fighter aircraft, refueling planes, and returning damaged aircraft. Eventually, Washington rose to the rank of First Sergeant in the Army Air Forces. Roosevelt College
In the summer of 1946, Washington, aged 24 and a war veteran, enrolled at Roosevelt College (now Roosevelt University).Washington joined other groups of students not permitted to enroll in other local colleges. Local estimates placed the student population of Roosevelt College at about 1/8 black and 1/2  Jewish. A full 75% of the students had enrolled because of the "nondiscriminatory progressive principles." He chaired a fund-raising drive by students, and then was named to a committee that supported citywide efforts to outlaw  "restrictive covenants" in housing, the legal means by which ethnic minorities (especially blacks and, to a lesser extent, Jews) were prohibited from purchasing real estate in predominantly white neighborhoods of the city. In 19, after the college had moved to the Auditorium Building, <mask> was elected the third president of Roosevelt's student council. Under his leadership, the student council successfully petitioned the college to have student representation on Roosevelt's faculty committees. At the first regional meeting of the newly founded National Student Association in the spring of 1948, Washington and nine other delegates proposed student representation on college faculties, and a "Bill of Rights" for students; both measures were roundly defeated.The next year, Washington went to the state capital at Springfield to protest Illinois legislators' coming probe of "subversives". The probe of investigation would outlaw the Communist Party and require "loyalty oaths" for teachers. He led students' opposition to the bills, although they would pass later in 1949. During his Roosevelt College years, <mask> came to be known for his stability. His friends said that he had a "remarkable ability to keep cool", reason carefully and walk a middle line. Washington intentionally avoided extremist activities, including street actions and sit-ins against racially segregated restaurants and businesses. Overall, <mask> and other radical activists ended up sharing a mutual respect for each other, acknowledging both <mask>'s pragmatism and the activists' idealism.With the opportunities found only at Roosevelt College in the late 1940s, <mask>'s time at the Roosevelt College proved to be pivotal. <mask> graduated in August 1949, with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree. In addition to his activities at Roosevelt, he was a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity. Northwestern University School of Law
<mask> then applied for and was admitted to study law at the Northwestern University School of Law in Chicago. During this time, <mask> was divorced from Dorothy Finch. By some accounts, <mask> and Dorothy had simply grown apart after <mask> was sent overseas during the war during the first year of his marriage.Others saw both as young and headstrong, the relationship doomed from the beginning. Another friend of <mask>'s deemed <mask> "not the marrying kind." He would not marry again, but continued to have relationships with other women; his longtime secretary is said to have said, "If every woman <mask> slept with stood at one end of City Hall, the building would sink five inches into LaSalle Street!". At Northwestern Law School, <mask> was the only black student in his class (there were six women in the class, one of them being Dawn Clark Netsch). As at Roosevelt, he entered school politics. In 1951, his last year, he was elected treasurer of the Junior Bar Association (JBA). The election was largely symbolic, however, and <mask>'s attempts to give the JBA more authority at Northwestern were largely unsuccessful.On campus, <mask> joined the Nu Beta Epsilon fraternity, largely because he and the other people who were members of ethnic minority groups which constituted the fraternity were blatantly excluded from the other fraternities on campus. Overall, <mask> stayed away from the activism that defined his years at Roosevelt. During the evenings and weekends, he worked to supplement his GI Bill income. He received his JD in 1952. Early political career
From 1951 until he was first slated for election in 1965, <mask> worked in the offices of the 3rd Ward Alderman, former Olympic athlete Ralph Metcalfe. Richard J. Daley was elected party chairman in 1952. Daley replaced C.C.Wimbush, an ally of William Dawson, on the party committee with Metcalfe. Under Metcalfe, the 3rd Ward was a critical factor in Mayor Daley's 1955 mayoral election victory and ranked first in the city in the size of its Democratic plurality in 1961. While working under Metcalfe, Washington began to organize the 3rd Ward's Young Democrats (YD) organization. At YD conventions, the 3rd Ward would push for numerous resolutions in the interest of blacks. Eventually, other black YD organizations would come to the 3rd Ward headquarters for advice on how to run their own organizations. Like he had at Roosevelt College, <mask> avoided radicalism and preferred to work through the party to engender change. While working with the Young Democrats, <mask> met Mary Ella Smith.They dated for the next 20 years, and in 1983 <mask> proposed to Smith. In an interview with the Chicago Sun-Times, Smith said that she never pressed <mask> for marriage because she knew <mask>'s first love was politics, saying, "He was a political animal. He thrived on it, and I knew any thoughts of marriage would have to wait. I wasn't concerned about that. I just knew the day would come." In 1959 Al Janney, Gus Savage, Lemuel Bentley, Bennett Johnson, Luster Jackson and others founded the Chicago League of Negro Voters, one of the first African-American political organizations in the city. In its first election, Bentley drew 60,000 votes for city clerk.The endorsement of the League was deciding factor in the re-election of Leon DesPres who was an independent voice in the City Council. <mask> was a close friend of the founders of the League and worked with them from time to time. The League was key in electing Anna Langford, William Cousins and A. A. "Sammy" Rayner who were not part of the Daley machine. In 1963 the group moved to racially integrate and formed Protest at the Polls at a citywide conference which Washington independent candidates had gained traction within the black community, winning several aldermanic seats. In 1983, Protest at the Polls was instrumental in Washington's run for mayor.By then, the YDs were losing to
independent candidates. Legislative career

Illinois House (1965–1976)
After the state legislature failed to reapportion districts as required by the census every ten years, an at-large election was held in January 1965 to elect 177 representatives. With the Republicans and Democrats combining to slate only 118 candidates, independent voting groups seized the opportunity to slate candidates. The League of Negro Voters created a "Third Slate" of 59 candidates, announcing the slate on June 27, 1964. Shortly afterwards, Daley put together a slate including Adlai Stevenson III and <mask>. The Third Slate was then thrown out by the Illinois Election Board because of "insufficient signatures" on the nominating petitions. In the election, <mask> received the second-largest number of ballots, behind Stevenson.<mask>'s years in the Illinois House were marked by tension with Democratic Party leadership. In 1967, he was ranked by the Independent Voters of Illinois (IVI) as the fourth-most independent legislator in the Illinois House and named Best Legislator of the Year. His defiance of the "idiot card", a sheet of paper that directed legislators' votes on every issue, attracted the attention of party leaders, who moved to remove <mask> from his legislative position. Daley often told Metcalfe to dump <mask> as a candidate, but Metcalfe did not want to risk losing the 3rd Ward's Young Democrats, who were mostly aligned with <mask>. <mask> backed Renault Robinson, a black police officer and one of the founders of the Afro-American Patrolmen's League (AAPL). The aim of the AAPL was to fight racism directed against minority officers by the rest of the predominantly white department. Soon after the creation of the group, Robinson was written up for minor infractions, suspended, reinstated, and then placed on the graveyard shift to a single block behind central police headquarters.Robinson approached Washington to fashion a bill creating a civilian review board, consisting of both patrolmen and officers, to monitor police brutality. Both black independent and white liberal legislators refused to back the bill, afraid to challenge Daley's grip on the police force. After <mask> announced he would support the AAPL, Metcalfe refused to protect him from Daley. <mask> believed he had the support of Ralph Tyler Smith, Speaker of the House. Instead, Smith criticized <mask> and then allayed Daley's anger. In exchange for the party's backing, <mask> would serve on the Chicago Crime Commission, the group Daley tasked with investigating the AAPL's charges. The commission promptly found the AAPL's charges "unwarranted".An angry and humiliated Washington admitted that on the commission, he felt like Daley's "showcase ni***r". In 1969, Daley removed Washington's name from the slate; only by the intervention of Cecil Partee, a party loyalist, was Washington reinstated. The Democratic Party supported Jim Taylor, a former professional boxer, Streets and Sanitation worker, over Washington. With Partee and his own ward's support, Washington defeated Taylor. His years in the House of Representatives were focused on becoming an advocate for black rights. He continued work on the Fair Housing Act, and worked to strengthen the state's Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC). In addition, he worked on a state Civil Rights Act, which would strengthen employment and housing provisions in the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964.In his first session, all of his bills were sent to committee or tabled. Like his time in Roosevelt College, <mask> relied on parliamentary tactics (e.g., writing amendments guaranteed to fail in a vote) to enable him to bargain for more concessions. <mask> was accused of failure to file a tax return, even though the tax was paid. He was found guilty and sentenced to 36 days in jail. (1971)

Washington also passed bills honoring civil rights figures. He passed a resolution honoring Metcalfe, his mentor. He also passed a resolution honoring James J. Reeb, a Unitarian minister who was beaten to death in Selma, Alabama by a segregationist mob.After the 1968 assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., he introduced a series of bills aimed at making King's birthday a state holiday. The first was tabled and later vetoed. The third bill he introduced, which was passed and signed by Gov. Richard Ogilvie, made Dr. King's birthday a commemorative day observed by Illinois public schools. It was not until 1973 that <mask> was able, with Partee's help in the Senate, to have the bill enacted and signed by the governor. 1975 speakership campaign
<mask> ran a largely symbolic campaign for Speaker. He only received votes from himself and from Lewis A. H. Caldwell.However, with a divided Democratic caucus, this was enough to help deny Daley-backed Clyde Choate the nomination, helping to throw it to William A. Redmond after 92 rounds of voting. Redmond had <mask> appointed as chairman of the Judiciary Committee. Legal issues
In addition to Daley's strong-arm tactics, <mask>'s time in the Illinois House was also marred by problems with tax returns and allegations of not performing services owed to his clients. In her biography, Levinsohn questions whether the timing of Washington's legal troubles was politically motivated. In November 1966, <mask> was re-elected to the House over Daley's strong objections; the first complaint was filed in 1964; the second was filed by January 1967. A letter asking <mask> to explain the matter was sent on January 5, 1967. After failing to respond to numerous summons and subpoenas, the commission recommend a five-year suspension on March 18, 1968.A formal response to the charges did not occur until July 10, 1969. In his reply, <mask> said that "sometimes personal problems are enlarged out of proportion to the entire life picture at the time and the more important things are abandoned." In 1970, the Board of Managers of the Chicago Bar Association ruled that Washington's license be suspended for only one year, not the five recommended; the total amount in question between all six clients was $205. In 1971, <mask> was charged with failure to file tax returns for four years, although the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) claimed to have evidence for nineteen years. Judge Sam Perry noted that he was "disturbed that this case ever made it to my courtroom" — while <mask> had paid his taxes, he ended up owing the government a total of $508 as a result of not filing his returns. Typically, the IRS handled such cases in civil court, or within its bureaucracy. <mask> pleaded "no contest" and was sentenced to forty days in Cook County Jail, a $1,000 fine, and three years of probation.Illinois Senate (1976–1980)

Campaign for Illinois Senate
In 1975, Partee, now President of the Senate and eligible for his pension, decided to retire from the Senate. Although Daley and Taylor declined at first, at Partee's insistence, <mask> was ultimately slated for the seat and received the party's support. Daley had been displeased with <mask> for having run a symbolic challenge in 1975 to Daley-backed Clyde Choate for Illinois Speaker of the

masks:
Harold Lee Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Harold Lee Washington
Isam Isham Washington
Washington
Mack Washington
. Washington
Mayor Washington
Washington
Mack Washington
. Washington
Harold Lee
Washington
Washington
Harold Washington
Harold
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Harold
Washington
Washington
Harold
Harold
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington