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<mask>  (born 2 November 1928) is an English journalist, popular historian, speechwriter, and author. Although associated with the political left in his early career, he is now a conservative popular historian. <mask> was educated at the Jesuit independent school Stonyhurst College, and at Magdalen College, Oxford. He first came to prominence in the 1950s as a journalist writing for and later editing the New Statesman magazine. A prolific writer, <mask> has written over 40 books and contributed to numerous magazines and newspapers. His sons include the journalist <mask>, founder of Standpoint magazine, and the businessman <mask>, former chairman of Channel 4. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Manchester.His father, William Aloysius <mask>, was an artist and Principal of the Art School in Burslem, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. At Stonyhurst College, <mask> received an education grounded in the Jesuit method, which he preferred over the more secularized curriculum of Oxford. Whilst at Oxford, <mask> was tutored by the historian A. J. P. Taylor and was a member of the exclusive Stubbs Society. After graduating with a second-class honours degree, <mask> performed his national service in the Army, joining the King's Royal Rifle Corps and then the Royal Army Educational Corps, where he was commissioned as a Captain (acting) based mainly in Gibraltar. Here he saw the "grim misery and cruelty of the Franco regime". <mask>'s military record helped the Paris periodical Réalités hire him, where he was assistant editor from 1952 to 1955. <mask> adopted a left-wing political outlook during this period as he witnessed in May 1952 the police response to a riot in Paris (Communists were rioting over the visit of American general, Matthew Ridgway, who commanded the US Eighth Army during the Korean War; he had just been appointed NATO's Supreme Commander in Europe), the "ferocity [of which] I would not have believed had I not seen it with my own eyes."Then he served as the New Statesmans Paris correspondent. For a time, he was a convinced Bevanite and an associate of Aneurin Bevan himself. Moving back to London in 1955, <mask> joined the Statesmans staff. Some of <mask>'s writing already showed signs of iconoclasm. His first book, about the Suez War, appeared in 1957. An anonymous commentator in The Spectator wrote that "one of his [<mask>'s] remarks about Mr Gaitskell is quite as damaging as anything he has to say about Sir Anthony Eden", but the Labour Party's opposition to the Suez intervention led <mask> to assert "the old militant spirit of the party was back". The following year he attacked Ian Fleming's James Bond novel Dr No, and in 1964 he warned of "The Menace of Beatlism" in an article contemporarily described as being "rather exaggerated" by Henry Fairlie in The Spectator.<mask> was successively lead writer, deputy editor and editor of the New Statesman magazine from 1965 to 1970. He was found suspect for his attendances at the soirées of Lady Antonia Fraser, then married to a Conservative MP. There was some resistance to his appointment as New Statesman editor, not least from the writer Leonard Woolf, who objected to a Catholic filling the position, and <mask> was placed on six months' probation. Statesmen and Nations (1971), the anthology of his Statesman articles, contains numerous reviews of biographies of Conservative politicians and an openness to continental Europe; in one article <mask> took a positive view of events of May 1968 in Paris, an article which at the time of first publication led Colin Welch in The Spectator to accuse <mask> of possessing "a taste for violence". According to this book, <mask> filed 54 overseas reports during his Statesman years. Shift rightward

From 1981 to 2009, <mask> wrote a column for The Spectator; initially focusing on media developments, it subsequently acquired the title "And Another Thing". In his journalism, <mask> generally deals with issues and events which he sees as indicative of a general social decline, whether in art, education, religious observance or personal conduct.He has continued to contribute to the magazine, less frequently than before. During the same period he contributed a column to the Daily Mail until 2001. In a Daily Telegraph interview in November 2003, he criticised the Mail for having a pernicious impact: "I came to the conclusion that that kind of journalism is bad for the country, bad for society, bad for the newspaper". <mask> is a regular contributor to The Daily Telegraph, mainly as a book reviewer, and in the U.S. writes for The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Commentary, and the National Review. He also contributes to Forbes magazine. For a time in the early 1980s he wrote for The Sun after Rupert Murdoch urged him to "raise its tone a bit." <mask> is a critic of modernity because of what he sees as its moral relativism, and finds objectionable those who use Charles Darwin's theory of evolution to justify their atheism, such as Richard Dawkins and Steven Pinker, or use it to promote biotechnological experimentation.As a conservative Catholic, <mask> regards liberation theology as a heresy and defends clerical celibacy, but departs from others in seeing many good reasons for ordination of women as priests. Admired by conservatives in the United States and elsewhere, he is strongly anticommunist. <mask> has defended Richard Nixon in the Watergate scandal, finding his cover-up considerably less heinous than Bill Clinton's perjury and Oliver North's involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair. In his Spectator column, <mask> defended his friend Jonathan Aitken, has expressed admiration for Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet and limited admiration for Spanish fascist dictator Francisco Franco. <mask> was active in the campaign, led by Norman Lamont, to prevent Pinochet's extradition to Spain after Pinochet's arrest in London. "There have been countless attempts to link him to human rights atrocities, but nobody has provided a single scrap of evidence," <mask> was reported as saying in 1999. In Heroes (2008), <mask> returned to his longstanding claim that criticism of Pinochet's dictatorship on human rights grounds came from "the Soviet Union, whose propaganda machine successfully demonised [Pinochet] among the chattering classes all over the world.It was the last triumph of the KGB before it vanished into history's dustbin." He has described France as "a republic run by bureaucratic and party elites, whose errors are dealt with by strikes, street riots and blockades" rather than a democracy. <mask> is a Eurosceptic who played a prominent role in the "No" campaign during the 1975 referendum on whether Britain should stay in the EC. In 2010 <mask> noted that "you can't have a common currency without a common financial policy, and you can't have that without a common government. The three things are interconnected. So this [European integration] was entirely foreseeable. Not much careful thought and judgment goes into the EU.It's entirely run by bureaucrats." He served on the Royal Commission on the Press (1974–77) and was a member of the Cable Authority (regulator) from 1984 to 1990. Personal life
<mask> has been married since 1958 to the psychotherapist and former Labour Party parliamentary candidate Marigold Hunt, daughter of Dr. Thomas Hunt, physician to Winston Churchill, Clement Attlee, and Anthony Eden. They have three sons and a daughter: the journalist <mask>, a freelance writer, editor of Standpoint magazine, and previously associate editor of The Daily Telegraph; <mask>, businessman and former chairman of Channel 4 Television; <mask>-Clark, an independent television executive; and Cosmo <mask>, playwright. <mask> and Marigold <mask> have ten grandchildren. Marigold <mask>'s sister, Sarah, an art historian, married the journalist, former diplomat and politician George Walden; their daughter, Celia Walden, is the wife of television presenter and former newspaper editor Piers Morgan. In 1998 it was revealed <mask> had an affair lasting eleven years with the writer Gloria Stewart.Stewart went public with the affair to the newspapers after what she saw as <mask>'s hypocrisy over his views on morality, religion and family values. <mask> is a friend of British playwright Tom Stoppard, who dedicated his 1978 play Night and Day to him. <mask> is a watercolourist, painting mainly landscapes, who has exhibited regularly. Honours
In 2006, <mask> was honoured with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President George W. Bush. <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to literature. Partial bibliography
<mask>'s books are listed by subject or type. The country of publication is the UK, unless stated otherwise.Anthologies, polemics and contemporary history
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 .  An anthology of New Statesman articles from the 1950s and 1960s. .
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 1994 The Quotable <mask> A Topical Compilation of His Wit, Wisdom and Satire (George J. Marlin, Richard P. Rabatin, Heather Higgins (Editors)) 1994 Noonday Press/1996 Atlantic Books (US)
 1994 Wake Up Britain – a Latter-day Pamphlet Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 1996 To Hell with Picasso & Other Essays: Selected Pieces from "The Spectator" Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 2009 Churchill (biography), 192 pp. 2012 Darwin: Portrait of a genius (Viking, 176 pages)

Art and architecture
 1980 British Cathedrals Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 1993 Gerald Laing : Portraits Thomas Gibson Fine Art Ltd (with Gerald Laing & David Mellor MP)
 1999 Julian Barrow's London Fine Art Society
 2003 Art: A New History Weidenfeld & Nicolson

History
 1972 The Offshore Islanders: England's People from Roman Occupation to the Present/to European Entry [1985 ed as History of the English People; 1998 ed as Offshore Islanders: A History of the English People] Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 1974 Elizabeth I: a Study in Power and Intellect Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 1974 The Life and Times of Edward III Weidenfeld & Nicolson
 1976 Civilizations of the Holy Land Weidenfeld & Nicolson

 1977 Education of an Establishment in The World of the Public School (pp. – article by John Walsh on <mask>'s differences with The Guardian in The Independent 28 July 1997
 New York Times Featured Author 9 September 2000: <mask>
 White House press release regarding Presidential Medal of Freedom awarded to <mask>
 Paul <mask>'s articles and interviews (English and Spanish)

 Booknotes interview with <mask> on A History of the American People, 5 April 1998.
 . The Weekend Interview with Paul Johnson: Why America Will Stay on Top by Brian Carney (Wall Street Journal, 5 March 2011)
 Paul Johnson on BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs, 15 January 2012

1928 births
Living people
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
British historians
British magazine editors
British male journalists
British Roman Catholics
Charles Darwin biographers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English male writers
Historians of Christianity
People educated at Stonyhurst College
Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients
Roman Catholic writers
Royal Army Educational Corps officers
The American Spectator people
Writers from Manchester
British historians of religion
New Statesman people
King's Royal Rifle Corps soldiers

masks:
Paul Bede Johnson
Johnson
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Daniel Johnson
Luke Johnson
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Paul Johnson
Daniel Johnson
Luke Johnson
Sophie Johnson
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Paul Johnson
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Paul Johnson
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<mask> (born January 24, 1977), better known by his stage name <mask>, is a Canadian musician/producer/artist/writer. He is best known as the frontman of <mask> and the Shrines and for being one half of The <mask> & BBQ Show. <mask> was born in Montreal to an Indo-Canadian family. Since 2005, he resides in Berlin, Germany with his wife and two daughters. <mask> was a member of a number of Canadian garage bands including the Spaceshits, a frantic garage punk outfit formed in mid-1995. As his circle of fellow troublemaker musicians grew, in 1999, he helped create a "death cult" of such musicians, originally known as the "Kukamongas" with identifying tattoos and a love for real rock n' roll. He used the Blacksnake moniker while in the Spaceshits whose two full-length albums were released on Sympathy for the Record Industry.He has spent a considerable amount of time in collaboration with former Spaceshits bandmate Mark Sultan in the two-man band, The King <mask> & BBQ Show. Since 1999, <mask> has performed as leader and front man of <mask> and the Shrines, a psychedelic soul nine member band. They signed to Vice Records in 2008 and Merge Records in 2013. In early 2009, <mask> collaborated with Mark Sultan and the four members of the Black Lips to form a gospel supergroup called Almighty Defenders. Their debut album was released on Vice Records on September 22, 2009. Film soundtracks
In 2005, <mask> made his first film soundtrack for "Schwarze Schafe" (directed by Oliver Rihs). In 2016, he scored the film "Back To Nothing" (directed by Miron Zownir).In 2018, <mask> was asked by Rapid Eye Movies to replace two soul songs in the film "Blue Film Woman"(directed by Kan Mukai) a soft core Japanese "Pink Film" made in 1969, restored and to be re-released in 2019 by Rapid Eye Movies. In 2019, he scored and was music supervisor for a documentary film about civil rights called "The Invaders" (directed by Prichard T. Smith). Black Power tarot
In 2014, King <mask> had the vision to celebrate Black Power using the mystic language of tarot. He chose 26 African American people who he felt followed a true path of illumination despite being born in a country that was so corrupt with racism and vehemently against them. <mask> had studied the tarot over a decade and was given a deck of the Tarot de Marseilles by Alejandro Jodorowsky while he visited him at his home. Jodorowsky's personal teachings paved the way for <mask> to understand the tarot much deeper than ever before. The mission behind the "Black Power Tarot" was to add a heavy dose of surrealistic mythos to American history by replacing the archetypes of the Major Arcana with the chosen people thus giving the world a new deck.<mask> shared this vision with Belfast artist, Michael Eaton who then came up with the drawings. <mask> provided him with many specific design instructions to stay true to the sacred geometry of the Marseilles deck, so that this deck could be used in the same way. <mask> then presented the drawings to Jodorowsky, who was asked to approve of each one. Jodorowsky approved 17 of the 22 cards in the first round. Khan & Eaton made the proper changes to the 5 remaining cards until they finally received Jodo's blessings and the supreme honour of being two of his spiritual warriors. Khannibalism
In August 2015, <mask> announced the creation of his own record label Khannibalism, a joint venture between himself and Ernest Jenning Record Co. The label has released a series of  4 singles from the soundtrack to the film The Invaders, as well as full-length albums from William S. Burroughs, <mask>, The Black Lips (with the Khan Family) and Saba Lou.In 2019, Khannibalism plans on releasing the <mask> Experience, The Complete Invaders Film Soundtrack, Saba Lou's second album. Louder Than Death
In 2018, <mask> started a new punk rock collective called "Louder Than Death". The first release on In The Red Records featured long time collaborators Sean and Erin Spits (from The Spits), Drew Owen (Sick Thoughts) and Saba Lou. <mask> then recruited the Magnetix and Fredovitch from Bordeaux to back him up and they recorded the "Stop Und Fick Dich" LP will be released in 2019 by In The Red Records. The Spaceshits
The Spaceshits were established in mid-1995, featuring lead vocalist Mark Sultan, who was previously the drummer in a band called Powersquat in the Montreal suburb of Chateauguay. <mask> had been since the end of 1994 in a Black Flag and Pavement-influenced band known as the Maury Povitch 3, a band that existed until its demise some time in 1996. In August 1995, following several lineup changes, he also became the Spaceshits' bassist and for several months would play shows for both bands.The Spaceshits inherited Powersquat's reputation for violent stage shows. At first, sets lasted no longer than 10 to 15 minutes, during which the band or members of the audience would create disturbances, at times including fireworks or food fights. Eventually the band's raucous live shows would lead them to be effectively blacklisted from many venues in Montreal, an April 8, 1996 set in support of the New Bomb Turks in particular contributing to that. Another notable incident occurred on April 30, 1999, just before the beginning of a European tour, while the band was promoting a new Sultan Records release. As the first act, the Scat Rag Boosters, was performing, the venue's owners got into an altercation with <mask>, injuring his hand and leading to the destruction of a television. This incident caused the two remaining bands, Lyle Sheraton and the Daylight Lovers, as well as the Spaceshits, to refuse to play, and they encouraged the audience to seek refunds. This event marked the end of the band's booking in Montreal.The Spaceshits went on to complete a European tour; one which would prove to be the last for the band. After the European tour had ended, Blacksnake opted to stay behind. Rather than continue on without him, the band members broke up, believing both that the band had run its course, and that Blacksnake had been like a brother to them and so replacing him would have been impossible. During his Spaceshits years, <mask> became closely involved with a host of bands in the Montreal scene. These included The Irritations, The Infernos, Lyle Sheraton and the Daylight Lovers, the latter two that included Paul Spence, as well as The Scat Rag Boosters. He starred in short movies such as Enchiladas de Amore and the unfinished Count Crackula and the Cocaine Kid, where he was featured with Spence. He also wrote for the weekly Montreal Mirror mainly as a music critic, interviewing musicians and performing such stunts as travelling around Montreal nightspots disguised as a chicken.He also wrote articles for Vice magazine. The <mask> & BBQ Show
Mark Sultan had been with <mask> in the Spaceshits from 1995–99. Following the Spaceshits' demise, Sultan started another Montreal-based band, Les Sexareenos, before venturing off on his own in 2002 as the one-man band BBQ. Visiting <mask> at his home in Kassel, Germany, they quickly developed a new act featuring <mask> and Sultan as his one-man band BBQ playing together. First, it was known as BBQ and Blacksnake, then as The King <mask> and BBQ Show. The <mask> and BBQ Show broke up in June 2010, but in 2011 reunited and since 2012 have been sporadically touring. <mask> and the Shrines
<mask> and the Shrines was established in the latter part of 1999 as Sultan helped start Les Sexareenos.The original lineup of the (Sensational) Shrines consisted of <mask> on vocals and guitars, Mr. Speedfinger on guitar, Boom Boom Jennes on bass, John Boy Adonis on "big beat," Sam Cook on trumpet, percussionist Ron Streeter (who formerly played for Curtis Mayfield, Stevie Wonder, and Al Jarreau), Ben Ra on saxophone, and Mr. Tom Bone on trombone. Eccentric French organist Fredovitch joined the lineup a week before the group recorded their first album at Toe Rag Studios in London. Almighty Defenders
On the Black Lips' 2009 tour of India, following an incident at a rowdy show in which Cole Alexander kissed fellow bandmember Ian St. Pe and exposed his private parts on-stage, the Lips fled the country while rumors of their arrests circulated the internet. The tour was canceled and the group members fled to the Berlin, Germany residence of <mask>. Over the course of eight days, in a typically booze-sloppy Black Lips fashion, they laid down 11 tracks with <mask> and his <mask> & BBQ Show bandmate Mark Sultan. On June 17, the full group made its live debut, performing a set in choir robes at the North by Northeast festival, and Vice Records made plans to release the Almighty Defenders' self-titled debut on September 22, 2009. Live Performances with GZA
In 2009, <mask> collaborated with rapper GZA, also known as The Genius.GZA is a member of the Wu-Tang Clan known for his laid-back flow and poetic, insightful lyrics. The two musicians had recently performed together at the 2009 NXNE festival in Toronto and also at the Fun Fun Fun Fest in Austin, Texas. GZA gave <mask> his Wu-name, "<mask>". Other projects
<mask> has, in his Moon Studios and elsewhere, collaborated and recorded with friends and people he respects; as he told an interviewer, he records only people he loves. He has collaborated with Bloodshot Bill, releasing in 2009 a record under the name the Tandoori Knights. In 2001, <mask> and Jasper Hood of the Moorat Fingers became The Black Jaspers, under which they recorded an album released in 2009 on In The Red Records. In March 2010, SubPop Records released "The Fiery Tears of St. Laurent" from <mask> and Pat Meteor.Meteor is best known for his work with The Demon's Claws, a Montreal-based band with which <mask> has worked, and part of <mask>'s "death cult". In October 2010, a Tandoori Knights LP "Curry Up" was released followed by an EP called "Amon Ra Bless America" from a new project called Vomit Squad reuniting him with Spaceshits' drummer "Skid" Marks and others from the Montreal scene from which he came. In June 2011, he announced a new country music-inspired project with Jeff Clarke of Demon's Claws called <mask>wood Clarke. In November 2011, during the first Tandoori Knights' North American tour, he announced that new releases were soon to come from both Tandoori Knights and the Black Jaspers. In June 2013, the album he produced for outsider torch singer Mary Ocher was released on Hamburg's Buback records. Controversy
<mask> gained considerable media coverage after pictures surfaced on TMZ.com and Vice Magazine of him putting his bare buttocks in the face of actress Lindsay Lohan after performing as part of the Almighty Defenders at the Cannes Festival. References

1977 births
Living people
Garage punk musicians
Canadian punk rock singers
Canadian musicians of Indian descent
Canadian people of Indian descent
Canadian punk rock guitarists
Singers from Montreal
21st-century Canadian male singers
21st-century Canadian guitarists

masks:
Arish Ahmad Khan
King Khan
King Khan
King Khan
Career Khan
King Khan
Khan
King Khan
King Khan
King Khan
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King Khan
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King Khan
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King Khan
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Lord Khan
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<mask> "Larry" <mask> (March 15, 1923 – February 7, 2012) was a politician in Manitoba, Canada. He served as a member of the Manitoba legislature for most of the period from 1959 to 1988, and was a cabinet minister under New Democratic Premiers Edward Schreyer and Howard Pawley. Early life
The son of Joseph A<mask> and Valentine Desautels, Desjardins was educated at St. Boniface College, St. Paul's College and the Cincinnati College of Embalming. Desjardins played professional football with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. He was general manager of the St. Boniface Jr. Canadians and was a scout for the Montreal Canadiens. He was inducted into Manitoba’s sports hall of fame in 1990. He served in the Canadian navy during World War II.He worked as a funeral director, and was the President and Managing Director of Chapels, Ltd. He also joined the Knights of Columbus and the Canadian Council of Christian and Jews during the early years of his career. In 1944, he married Bernice McGuire. Desjardins began his political career at the municipal level, serving as an alderman on the St. Boniface City Council from 1951 to 1954, and also serving on the St. Boniface Hospital Board for a number of years. Provincial career
In the Manitoba general election of 1959, he was elected to the Manitoba legislature in the riding of St. Boniface as a Liberal-Progressive. This was the year of Progressive Conservative Premier Dufferin Roblin's first majority win, and Desjardins joined ten other Liberal-Progressives in the official opposition. In 1961, Desjardins emerged as one of the leading parliamentary supporters of government funding for private and denominational schools.A Roman Catholic and a native French-speaker, Desjardins regarded such funding as necessary for redressing anti-francophone legislation that had been pursued by previous Manitoba governments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Roblin government took some steps on this front, but the issue was still unresolved by the 1970s. Despite the Roblin government's popularity, Desjardins had little difficulty being returned in the elections of 1962 and 1966 (the Liberal-Progressives had changed their name to the Manitoba Liberal Party in 1961). In the 1969 election, <mask> faced stronger than usual competition from his New Democratic opponent, Kam Gajdosik, but won by 4210 votes to 2656. Crossing the floor
The 1969 election was a watershed in Manitoba politics, and resulted in a dramatic shift in <mask>' career. Under Edward Schreyer's leadership, the social-democratic NDP moved from third to first place, winning 28 seats out of 57 in the assembly. This was one short of a majority, and there was initial uncertainty as to which party or parties would form government.There was some consideration of an "anti-socialist coalition", which would have brought together all parties except the NDP under the leadership of former Liberal leader Gildas Molgat. This, however, did not occur. The impasse was ended when <mask> announced that he would offer parliamentary support to the NDP, and change his party affiliation to Liberal-Democrat. <mask>' change of affiliation was significant, and on some levels surprising. He had previously been known as an opponent of socialism, and the Franco-Manitoban community had not traditionally been supportive of the New Democratic Party before this time. Nevertheless, <mask> formed an alliance with Schreyer (himself a centrist New Democrat), on the understanding that he would be able to continue to work in favour of denominational school funding on the government side. In order to make sure this move was supported by his constituents, <mask> organized a vote of confidence on this decision on July 8.Had he lost this vote, <mask> would have resigned as MLA, and would have run as a Liberal-Democrat candidate in a subsequent by-election. About 1000 people showed up at the Louis Riel School gymnasium for the vote of confidence, and <mask> received a standing ovation when he arrived in the hall. The vast majority of the attendees gave their support to Desjardins, with only 13 people opposing him. <mask> became Schreyer's legislative assistant in 1969, and formally joined the New Democratic Party in 1971. On December 1, 1971, <mask> was appointed Minister of Tourism, Recreation and Cultural Affairs. In July 1972, his efforts in support of denominational schools were dealt a setback when a government-sponsored bill to permit funding was defeated by a free vote in the legislature. (The Schreyer government did, however, make administrative agreements with certain private schools to provide them with access to public monies.)Defeat and return
Given the lack of historical francophone support for the NDP in Manitoba, it was unclear if <mask> would be re-elected in the provincial election of 1973, and his riding was targeted by a right-wing "citizen's" group in the recently amalgamated city of Winnipeg (which included St. Boniface). This group convinced the Progressive Conservative Party to withdraw their candidate in St. Boniface to provide a single "anti-socialist" alternative to the NDP. <mask>' sole opponent in June 1973 was Liberal candidate J. Paul Marion. Following a very close race, Marion was declared the winner by a single vote (4301 to 4300). This result was disputed, however, and was subsequently overturned by the Controverted Elections Act. In December 1974, <mask> defeated Marion in a by-election by over 600 votes. Later career
In 1973, Schreyer's New Democrats were re-elected, winning their first majority government.<mask> had resigned from cabinet on January 28, 1974, during the ongoing controversy concerning the St. Boniface results, but that December 23, he was re-admitted to cabinet as Minister of Health and Social Development. On January 8, 1975, he was also given responsibility for the Manitoba Lotteries Act. <mask> was easily re-elected in the 1977 election, although Schreyer's New Democrats were defeated provincially by the Progressive Conservatives under Sterling Lyon. Desjardins sat as a member of the opposition for the next four years. The New Democrats returned to power in the 1981 provincial election under the leadership of Howard Pawley, and <mask> was personally re-elected without difficulty. He was re-appointed to cabinet on November 30, 1981, serving as Minister of Health and Minister of Recreation and Sport, with responsibility for the Lotteries and Gaming Control Act. He was re-designated as Minister of Health with responsibility for Minister responsible for Sport, the Fitness and Amateur Sport Act, and the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act and the Manitoba Lotteries Foundation Act.During the 1980s, <mask> was a prominent supporter of Howard Pawley's efforts to expand and entrench French-language services in Manitoba. On January 30, 1985, <mask> was shifted to the Ministry of Urban Affairs. He was again re-elected without difficulty in the 1986 provincial election, and on April 17, 1986, he was reappointed Minister of Health and Sport (once again holding responsibility for the Boxing and Wrestling Commission Act and the Fitness and Amateur Sport Act). <mask>'s work for the interest of sport in Manitoba was recognized with his induction into the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame as a Multi-sport Builder in 1990. Retirement
<mask> resigned from his cabinet positions on February 10, 1988, after a Supreme Court ruling that provinces could not restrict a woman's right to abortion, and announced that he would be leaving the legislature to take a job in the private sector. His seat was not formally declared vacant, but he stopped attending sessions of the legislature after this period. He then served as head of the Manitoba Health Organization until 1990.Ironically, just as Desjardins had helped bring the NDP into government in 1969, his decision to leave the legislature in 1988 played a major role in the party's unexpected fall from power. In his absence, the legislature was almost evenly divided between government and opposition members; as such, NDP backbencher Jim Walding's decision to vote against his government's budget was enough to defeat the Pawley ministry in the House. The NDP lost the subsequent 1988 Manitoba general election, and did not return to power until 1999. During his time in the legislature, <mask> was known as a personable figure; fellow New Democratic cabinet minister Russell Doern once called him a "Rabelasian character". He was regarded as cautious and pragmatic, and was often more supportive of small-business interests than others in the New Democratic Party. <mask> was a member of the federal Liberal Party for most, if not all of time in the provincial NDP. This practice is no longer possible; the federal NDP is now integrated with its provincial and territorial branches.He openly supported former Liberal MLA Lloyd Axworthy's successful bid to enter the House of Commons of Canada in 1979. During the 1990s, <mask> led a policy review group which studied Manitoba's lotteries system, and argued against the expansion of Manitoba's casino economy. In 2002, he wrote an open letter on health-care reform, arguing that money alone would not resolve the problems within the system. In March 2003, he participated in a discussion on health-care funding at the Frontier Centre for Public Policy, in which he argued that Canada's provinces should be permitted to enact user fees and expand the role of the private sector in health-care provision. He served as first president of the Western Canada Lottery Foundation. <mask> died at the Victoria Hospital in Winnipeg following a fall; he was 88 years old. References

1923 births
2012 deaths
Franco-Manitoban people
Funeral directors
Members of the Executive Council of Manitoba
New Democratic Party of Manitoba MLAs
People from Saint Boniface, Winnipeg
Sportspeople from Winnipeg
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Manitoba municipal councillors
Royal Canadian Navy personnel of World War II
Accidental deaths from falls

masks:
Laurent Louis
Desjardins
. Desjardins
Desjardins
Desjardins
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texts:
<mask> (1756–1824) was a London publisher who specialized in children's literature, chapbooks, educational games and teaching schemes. He called himself the "Children's Printer" and children his "young friends". He was pre-eminent in England as a children's book publisher from about 1780 to 1800. After 1795, he became the publisher of Hannah More's Cheap Repository Tracts, but a dispute with her led to him issuing a similar series of his own. About 1800 <mask> began publishing a series of miniature libraries, games and picture books for children. After his death in July 1824, his business was continued either by his widow or his unmarried daughter, both of whom were named Eleanor. Life
<mask> was baptised 28 November 1756 in the parish church of St Mary Aldermary, London, the son of <mask> (fl.1752–1779) and his wife Ellenor. His father was a junior partner, then full partner and finally owner of a successful chapbook and popular print business at No. 4, Aldermary Churchyard, off Watling Street, which had been founded in 1755 by William and Cluer Dicey. He was bound apprentice to the printer Edward Gilberd of Watling Street 3 September 1771, but transferred to his father's business a year later and became a freeman of the Stationers' Company on 6 October 1778. He inherited his father's business the following year. <mask> married Eleanor Blashfield on 4 December 1788. Their two children were Eleanor Elizabeth, born 8 March 1790, and <mask>, born 28 May 1792.He died during the summer of 1824. History of the business
<mask> left half his business to his son <mask>, and a quarter each to his nephew James and his widow. It continued as John Marshall and Co. until November 1789, when the partnership was voluntarily wound up and <mask> continued in business on his own. In October 1806 <mask> moved it to 140 Fleet Street, where it remained until his death in 1824. Under his will made in 1813, the firm was bequeathed to his widow <mask>, but probate was granted on 14 July 1824 to his unmarried daughter Eleanor Elizabeth <mask>. One of these continued the business as "E. Marshall" until about 1829. Street literature
Richard's firm was based on selling popular prints, maps, chapbooks, broadside ballads and other forms of street literature.These continued to be prominent in its output until the mid-1790s. There are examples of all of these that contain <mask>'s imprint, but the extent of his involvement is difficult to ascertain, as many were undated and bore the imprint "Printed and sold in Aldermary Churchyard". Children's literature
Richard had begun in the 1770s to publish children's books as a sideline; this side was greatly expanded by <mask> and his partners after 1780. <mask> recruited several new female authors and published some of the most important children's literature of the time, notably:
Mary Ann Kilner: The Adventures of a Pincushion, The Adventures of a Whipping-Top, Jemima Placid, Memoirs of a Peg-Top, William Sedley
Dorothy Kilner: Anecdotes of a Boarding-School, The Histories of More Children than One, The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse, The Rotchfords
Ellenor Fenn (Mrs Teachwell): Cobwebs to Catch Flies, Fables in Monosyllables, The Mother's Grammar, The Rational Dame, Rational Sports, School occurrences
Sarah Trimmer: Scripture Lessons, various prints of biblical and historical scenes, with accompanying descriptions, for use in Sunday and other schools
Lucy Peacock – The Life of a Bee, Emily; or, The Test of Sincerity
All of these went through several editions. Some remained in print well into the 19th century, such as Cobwebs to Catch Flies, and The Life and Perambulation of a Mouse, which was praised by Sarah Trimmer and by Mary Wollstonecraft. <mask>'s catalogue of May 1793 listed 113 children's book titles, two children's magazines, and various teaching aids. Teaching aids
Marshall ventured into publishing teaching aids about 1785, with Mrs Teachwell's Set of Toys, for enabling Ladies to instill the Rudiments of Spelling, Reading, Grammar, and Arithmetic, under the Idea of Amusement, which was accompanied by an instruction manual, The Art of teaching in sport.Other teaching aids listed in the 1793 catalogue were Miss Cowley's Pocket Sphere (for teaching geography), and Alphabetical Cards for enticing Children to acquire an early Knowledge of their Letters. A "dissected map of England", forerunner of modern Jigsaw puzzles, was also advertised between 1795 and 1801. Retail bookselling
In 1787 the business opened a retail bookshop at 17 Queen Street, Cheapside (hitherto the Aldermary Churchyard premises had principally served as a wholesale supplier and printing office). The shop seems to have closed about 1799, when the business appears to have suffered a financial setback after the break with Hannah More. Children's periodicals
On four occasions in his career <mask> attempted to start periodicals for children. These were:
The Juvenile magazine; or, An instructive and entertaining miscellany for youth of both sexes edited by Lucy Peacock, 1788
The Family magazine; or, a Repository of religious instruction, and rational amusement edited by Sarah Trimmer, 1788–1789
The Children's magazine; or, Monthly repository of instruction and delight, 1799
The Picture magazine, or, monthly exhibition for young people, 1800–1801

Cheap Repository Tracts
Marshall was the London printer and publisher of Hannah More's Cheap Repository Tracts between 1795 and December 1797. After the dispute with More in 1797, <mask> published his own series of Cheap Repository Tracts until 1799.After the formation of the Religious Tract Society in 1799, <mask> abandoned tract publishing and concentrated on further forms of publication for children. Miniature libraries and cabinets
<mask> published a range of miniature libraries in wooden cases, after 1799, including "The Child's Latin Library", "The Doll's Library", "The Infant's Library", or "The Juvenile; or child's library". Similarly, he published a range of "Cabinets" (wooden boxes containing sets of picture cards and miniature books), such as The Cabinet of Beasts, The Cabinet of Birds, The Cabinet of Fishes, The Infant's Alphabetical Cabinet, The Infant's Cabinet of the Cries of London and The Doll's Casket. Picture Books

<mask> was an early innovator in coloured picture books for children, illustrated with hand-coloured etchings. During the early 19th century, he published editions of many traditional fairy tales such as Cinderella, Puss in Boots and Aladdin, along with accumulative rhymes and games such as "This Is the House That Jack Built", "The Barn that Tom built", and "The Gaping Wide-mouth'd Waddling Frog", with hand-coloured illustrations. He was also noted for a range of books of humorous verses illustrated by the caricaturist Isaac Robert Cruikshank. Other activities
Like other printers and publishers of the time, <mask> was involved in selling patent medicines, although in his case these were aimed specifically at children.He advertised "an improved preparation of Dr. Waite's Worm Medicine... impossible to distinguish it from the most agreeable Gingerbread Nut", from premises at 42, Long-lane, West Smithfield, in 1793. He also appears to have supported the movement in Britain to abolish the slave trade. He printed a number of anti-slavery tracts, including a print showing "The cruel treatment of slaves in the West Indies" in 1793. Children's literature
After the death of <mask>, the first publisher to make a profit publishing children's literature, many firms began to enter the business, but none ever had the monopoly Newbery did. <mask> was one of the most successful and published "the most original books", popularizing fictional biography for juvenile readers. In general, <mask> published books that were more serious than Newbery's, emphasizing the "instruction" part of "to instruct and delight", the imperative of 18th-century children's literature. His catalogue included this announcement:

However, although <mask> advocated more disciplined stories, he also published Newbery-inspired stories that "stressed amusement" and would sell well, including fairy tales.By the mid-1780s, he was focusing almost exclusively on moral works with a strong Christian element. As Samuel Pickering, Jr., a scholar of 18th-century children's literature, explains, "He was a shrewd publisher and, reading the market well, he saw that instruction would sell. While keeping a selection of old-fashioned, amusing books in print... he established a reputation as a printer of moral works." Mary Jackson describes his strategy in sharper terms, saying he engaged in "apparent duplicity and sharp tricks", claiming he was a reforming publisher but issuing tales that had little moral redemption in the eyes of Trimmer, Fenn, Kilner, and others. In 1795, he became a printer for Hannah More's Cheap Repository Tracts. <mask> learned from Anna Laetitia Barbauld's innovative children's literature and began to use large fonts and margins. He also took up graduated readers like her Lessons for Children.Ellenor Fenn wrote a series for him, which began with Cobwebs to Catch Flies. He recognized the value of illustrations in children's books. Beginning in the mid-1780s, he and Sarah Trimmer published several sets of illustrated stories about the Bible and ancient history. Like most commercial publishers at the time, <mask> was driven by profit and paid his writers poorly. Mrs Fenn received no monetary payment for her works, merely printed copies of <mask>'s works to give away as gifts to her friends and neighbours. Mrs Trimmer's Description of a Set of Prints of Scripture History and Description of a Set of Prints of Ancient History, among others, went through many editions and no doubt made money for <mask>, but she did not see much of the profits. She complained that he treated her like "a mere bookseller's fag".More described him as "selfish, tricking and disobliging from first to last" and resented his desire to make as much money as possible from the Cheap Repository Tracts. However, she saw their publication as a moral crusade, whereas he had grown up publishing such works as a business. Like Newbery, <mask>'s authors advertised his books within their texts. For example, in Anecdotes of a Boarding School, a mother gives her daughter <mask>'s Dialogues and Letters and Adventures of a Pincushion as she is going off to school. In Jemima Placid, the heroine reads books that could "be bought at Mr. <mask>'s" and her father decides to buy many for his friends. Notes

External links
<mask>'s 1793 catalogue

References
Alderson, Brian, "Miniature libraries for the young", The Private Library, 3rd series 6. (1983), 3–38.Alderson, Brian and de Marez Oyens, Felix, Be merry and wise: origins of children's book publishing in England 1650–1850, New York: Pierpont Morgan Library, 2006. Darton, F. J. Harvey. Children's Books in England. 3rd ed. Rev. Brian Alderson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.Jackson, Mary V. Engines of Instruction, Mischief, and Magic: Children's Literature in England from Its Beginnings to 1839. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1989. Laws, Emma The Children's Printer', Miniature Libraries, London: Victoria and Albert Museum http://www.vam.ac.uk/vastatic/wid/exhibits/miniaturelibraries/childrensprinter.html
McKenzie, D. F. (ed. ), Stationers' company apprentices 1701–1800, Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1978. O'Connell, Sheila The popular print in England 1550–1850, London: British Museum, 1999. Pollard, Graham (ed.), The Earliest Directory of the Book Trade by <mask>d (1785), London: the Bibliographical Society, 1955. Pickering, Samuel F., Jr. John Locke and Children's Books in Eighteenth-Century England. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press, 1981. Shepard, Leslie, <mask>s ballad printer of Seven Dials, London 1765–1844, London: Private Libraries Association, 1969. Simmons, R. C. (ed. ), The Dicey-Marshall Catalogue http://www.diceyandmarshall.bham.ac.uk/.Spinney, G. H., "Cheap Repository Tracts; Hazard and Marshall edition", The Library, Vol. 20, Fourth Series, (1939–40), pp. 295–340. Stoker, David. "Ellenor Fenn as 'Mrs Teachwell' and 'Mrs Lovechild': a pioneer late eighteenth century children's writer, educator and philanthropist". Princeton University Library Chronicle (2007). pp.816–850. Stoker, David. 'The Marshall Family's Print Publishing Business', Print Quarterly, volume XXXVIII, no.1, March 2021, pp.51-63. British publishers (people)
1824 deaths
1756 births

masks:
John Marshall
Marshall
John Marshall
Richard Marshall
John
John
Richard Marshall
John
John
Marshall
Eleanor Marshall
Marshall
John Marshall
John
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
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John Newbery
Marshall
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Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
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Marshall
John Marshall
John Pendre
John Pitt


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<mask> (30 January 1789 – 13 March 1823) was a Nepalese military commander and administrator in the Kingdom of Nepal. He is one of the National heroes of Nepal. He was highly praised for his military skill for the defence of the Nalapani fort in the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816). He was Captain in the Nepalese military and was tasked as commander to protect the forts of Dehradun. Name
His given name Junge is the name of Baladeva (Balarama), the elder brother of Krishna. It is an amalgamation of two words; Bala () and Bhadra ()

Family and early life

He was born to father <mask>, a resident of Bhanwarkot of Panchkhal Municipality in Kavrepalanchowk District. His mother Ambika Devi was a sister of Kaji Ranajor Thapa and daughter of Bada Amar Singh Thapa.His father Chandrabir was son of Jaya Krishna Kanwar, a son of Ashiram Kanwar. His brother Birabhadra Kunwar was military commander in Kumaun and Kangra front (1809 A.D.) as well as governor of Garhwal. The Anglo-Nepal War 1814–1816

As commander of the Gorkhali forces in Dheradun, Capt. <mask> <mask> was handed the responsibility of defending the area. The expanding Nepali/Gorkhali State had since the mid-late 18th century expanded the nation's border on all sides, which eventually led to conflict with the British East India Company and a war followed. Realizing he could not defend the town of Dehradun, Capt. <mask> <mask> withdrew to the strategic hill fort of Khalanga with an army strength of 600 including women and children against the British East India Company British stronghold of 3000–3500 troops.He turned down an incentive proposal of the British who would make him Governor of the Western Garhwal should he surrender or leave Nepal. In the month of October 1814, Major General Sir Rollo Gillespie of the British army had advanced along with 3,500 troops and eleven pieces of cannon to occupy the Nepali territories situated between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers in the Gharwal and Kumaon regions that had been occupied by the Nepali forces. Captain Balabhadra Kunwar had maintained his position at a 400 cubits high hill in a place called Nalapani, situated north-east of Dehradun, to check his advance. On Kartik 8, 1871, Bikram Samvat (October 1814), British troops reached Dheradun. A battle took place between British and Nepali troops at Nalapani on Kartik 10, 1871 B. Samvat. The British were unsuccessful and withdrew to Dehradun. Another battle was fought between the two sides at Nalapani on Kartik 17, 1871 Samvat (ca.Oct 31, 1814). General Gillespie, the British Commander, lost his life in that battle along with Col. Alice. The siege continued for a month until the British, convinced that they could not win by military ways, blocked the source of water to the fort so that the Nepalese would die of thirst. For the Nepali Army it was a hard struggle fighting a very well equipped and trained modern army, belonging to one of the largest colonial Empires of the world. <mask> Kunwar had asked for reinforcements from the capital but Kathmandu could not send them any soldiers as the Nepali army had no reserve army and were an emerging power which means that they did not have troops to match the East India Company. The Nepalese army was outnumbered in Nalapani as it was in every battlefield. Even though the Nepali army lacked water they were still determined to defend their position.Because the walls had collapsed, cannonballs fired by the British started reaching the interior of the fort. Many men were killed or injured. Despite losing their comrades and friends the remaining men were still determined to defend their position. In order to drink water from the river they came out of the fort in a single line, and the British forces watched in surprise as the Nepali troops quenched their thirst and returned to their fort. On Marga 16 (Nov 1814), four of the commanders, including Capt. Balabhadra Kunwar, in the night was forced to abandon the fort of Nalapani with their remaining Gorkhali troops. On seeing the Nepalis abandon the fort, the British attacked them.The Nepalis resisted the attack but continued to advance. They reached Dwara in the morning of Marga 17, 1871 and stayed the whole day there. Balabhadra sent a courier to the British with the following message: We had handed over to you your dead and injured soldiers on your request. We now request you to hand over our injured soldiers to us. The British replied that they would look after the injured (Nepali) soldiers themselves. Accordingly, they treated the 180 injured soldiers at the Nalapani fort. The next day, Marga 18, 1871 Samvat, the Nepalis left Dwara for the  Gopichand Hill, where they had decided to build a fort.Dwara was not considered suitable for that purpose. The Nepalis spent the night at the Gopichand hill. At midnight, the British forces started shelling their camp. The Nepalis retaliated. Meanwhile, Sardar Ripumardan Thapa sustained an injury in his right arm from an enemy shell. He was unable to walk, and so was helped by his jamadar to climb the hill. However, he could not go on and was forced to stop.The other Nepalis continued to ascend the hill. The next day, Marga 19, 1871 B. Samvat, men sent by Balabhadra carried Ripumardana to Chamuwa. Kaji Ranadipa Simha Basnyat also had arrived at that place. On Marga 20, Kaji Rewanta Kunwar reached there Subedar Dalajit Kanwar were killed by enemy fire. Ultimately after 4 days of thirst, and a severe loss of troops, without surrendering, Capt. <mask> emerged from the fort with drawn kukris in his hands (along with other 70 survivors) and roared to the British – "You could have never won the battle but now I myself voluntarily abandon this fort. There is nothing inside the fort other than dead corpses of the children and women"!He and his remaining troops escaped into the hills on November 30, 1814. A peace treaty was signed on Dec 2, 1815 between the then King Girvan Yuddha Vikram Shah and the British East India Company, known as the Sugauli Treaty. Under Maharaja Ranjit Singh

He did not lose his life during the Anglo-Nepalese war. After the war, he went to Lahore, capital of the Punjab where many Nepalis had gone, to join the two new regiments formed by the Sikh Maharajah Ranjit Singh of the Punjab, following the war with the British but a tradition formed prior to the war. Capt. <mask> Kunwar was appointed General and commander of the new "Goorkha" regiments consisting entirely of Gorkhali/Nepali troops. Those that had taken service under the Mughal Emperors were known as "Munglane" and was seen as very powerful.Under Hari Singh Nalwa and death

During the Sikh-Afghan war of 1879 B. Samvat (1822), the Nepalis in the Sikh Military had fought bravely, but was also in which Balabhadra <mask> was killed by Afghan artillery in Naushera, Peshawar region, Afghanistan on Chaitra 3 (March/April in the Roman calendar and is the last month in the Hindu Lunar calendar). Bhimsen Thapa had sent men to Lahore to collect information about this war and the death of his nephew. He was under the great and famed General Hari Singh Nalwa who honoured him during the battle. Hari Singh Nalwa continued the campaign and reached as far as Jamrud. Following the Anglo-Nepali War, the British East India Company erected a war memorial at Nalapani in honor of the Gorkhalis and Capt. <mask> <mask> (often referred to wrongly as Bulbuder Singh or Balbudder Thapa) praising their bravery. References

Books

External links

Gurkhas
Nepalese military personnel
People of the Anglo-Nepalese War
1789 births
1822 deaths
Year of birth unknown
Place of death missing
People of the Sikh Empire
National heroes of Nepal
People from Kavrepalanchok District
Nepalese military personnel killed in action
Nepalese Hindus
Khas people

masks:
Balbhadra Kunwar
Chandrabir Kunwar
Balbhadra
Kunwar
Balbhadra
Kunwar
Balbhadra
Balbhadra
Balbhadra
Kunwar
Balbhadra
Kunwar


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<mask> (26 March 191223 July 1949), born <mask>, was an Australian painter. Born in Melbourne, <mask> studied at the Grosvenor School of Modern Art in London and under progressive art teacher George Bell in Melbourne. In his student years, <mask> emerged as a uniquely confident artist. He was the first modern artist in Australia to paint historical Australian subjects, including the explorers Burke and Wills, and was among the first Australian artists to have direct contact with the international Surrealist movement. He travelled throughout Europe in the late 1930s, painting many of his most celebrated works in Paris. In 1941, art critic Clive Turnbull identified <mask>, William Dobell, and <mask>'s close friend Russell Drysdale as "the three most significant Australian artists" of the era. However, <mask>'s artistic career was put on hold while he served in World War II, and later by illness.He died in 1949, leaving behind a small yet influential body of work. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on 26 March 1912 in East Melbourne, the second child and only son of Victorian-born graziers William Purves <mask> and Loe Purves <mask>. The family's male line in Australia extends back to <mask>'s grandfather <mask> (1830–87), who emigrated from Darnick, Roxburghshire, in the Scottish Borders to the Colony of Victoria during the early days of the Victorian gold rush in 1854. Thomas rapidly prospered, establishing various businesses and acquiring farming properties and inner Melbourne mansions. William—although distant from Thomas—took to his father's alternating lifestyle of rural farming and leisured vacations in the city. By 1905, William had married Laura (Loe) Chapman and was wool-growing at Dwarroon, outside Warrnambool. They raised their children Alison (known as Jocelyn) and <mask> in various places throughout Victoria, never settling permanently in one place.<mask> <mask> attended a prep school in England and Geelong Grammar School in Australia, alongside future artist and friend Russell Drysdale. In order to please his father, <mask> entered the Royal Australian Naval College in 1926, but dropped out three years later to become a jackaroo near Hay by the Murrumbidgee River. <mask> <mask> committed suicide on Christmas Eve, 1932. Following his father's suicide, <mask> travelled extensively throughout Europe. In England, 1934, <mask> <mask>'s sister Jocelyn noticed his hobby of drawing, and suggested he attend an art school. He studied under Iain Macnab at Grosvenor School of Modern Art in 1935, and back in Australia under George Bell at the Bourke Street Studio School. There he met again old Geelong friend Russell Drysdale, and fellow Bell student Maisie Newbold, whom he married in 1946 at Toorak with Drysdale as best man.Drysdale, too, had been a jackaroo, and both artists worked closely together and influenced each other's art. Apart from his teachers and Drysdale, Amedeo Modigliani, Paul Nash, Henri Rousseau, Maurice Utrillo, Christopher Wood and surrealism impacted what would become Purves <mask>'s highly personal style. Student works

Work and travel

Throughout the late 1930s, <mask> <mask> painted in London and Paris, which critic Bernard William <mask> cites as his most important era. Not only did Purves <mask> paint his new physical surroundings (1939's Early Morning in Paris) and political environment (1938's The Nazis, Nuremberg), but also recalled works of the Australian landscape, namely Kangaroo Hunt (1938), which was included in the touring exhibition Art of Australia 1788-1941, and acquired by the Museum of Modern Art, New York. In 1939, art critic Gino Nibbi said "Purves <mask> seems one of the most qualified at the present time to give some allegorical interpretations of the virgin appearance of the Australian landscape". He painted a scene from the Burke and Wills expedition in 1937 (several years before Sidney Nolan began his Burke & Wills series), and the "pole-like trees, elongated figures, sheets of iron, and low horizons" of his early 1940 Drought landscapes anticipated "in more ways than one" the future direction of Drysdale's art. According to art historian Sasha Grishin, Purves <mask>'s "apocalyptic" depictions of Australia's desolate interior convey a fear of vast space, and employ a "recognizable Australian setting to express both personal, as well as broader social anxieties" in the lead up to war.World War II
Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, and Britain, which had made an alliance with Poland in August, declared war. During this time, <mask> <mask> was vacationing in California with his mother; the outbreak of war caused him to make a detour to the Grand Canyon, about which he wrote to Maisie in a characteristically facetious tone: "If one is to die gloriously one might as well see a few things first". He returned to London in October and tried to enlist in the British army, but was told to wait. During the intervening months his state of mind became "paralytic" and he withdrew from social life. Maisie, now back in Melbourne, urged <mask> to return to Australia. Despite missing Maisie and suffering from homesickness, he successfully joined up in May 1940. Purves <mask>'s first role in the army was to transport petrol and military supplies across the south of England.Life in the training camps was mentally numbing, and before each academic exam <mask> <mask> feared being given the bum's rush. In September 1941, having volunteered for a posting abroad, he went on active service in West Africa (then known by soldiers as the "white man's grave"). <mask> <mask> was a lieutenant stationed in Nigeria with the West African Forces' 11th General Transport Company. Not much is known about his time there as the postal censor checked mail from the front for military information. What remains of Purves <mask>'s letters describes the day-to-day aspects of life in the jungle, including dashes into the African wilds and his growing revulsion at body odour and the sight of sweat. Detailed histories of the West Africa Campaign indicate his company travelled along the Takoradi supply route, which was established in August 1940 as a means of bypassing Vichy French territories to reach upper Egypt. The route lasted until September 1943, coinciding with the end of Purves <mask>'s service in Africa.Much later, <mask> <mask> painted a memory of Chad in West Africa (1948, National Gallery of Victoria). In 1944, he was one of Major General Orde Wingate's "chindits" behind Japanese lines in Burma. Immediately after the war, he was hospitalised with tuberculosis. Return to Melbourne

In May 1946, he returned to Australia and also to painting with a far more abstract approach. Significant works from this period are The Pleading Butcher and Woman Eating Duck, both painted in 1948 and now held at the National Gallery of Australia. Purves <mask>'s final oil painting was a landscape painted from the perspective of his home in Sassafras, in the Dandenong Ranges. It was an attempt to "paint like the old boys", a reference to early Australian colonial artists such as John Glover.Later works

Death and recognition
<mask> <mask> was hospitalised in 1948, and later drafted to the Heidelberg Repatriation Hospital for major lung surgery. He died of post-operative shock the next day, 23 July 1949, and was cremated. Despite his small oeuvre of less than 100 paintings and posthumous descent into relative obscurity, <mask> <mask> emerged as a celebrated artist—influencing many of his contemporaries—and has been recognised as "the first of the young modern artists to look inquiringly at the Australianness of country life". His use of surreal elements, colloquial themes and at times biting satire set precedent for the work of the Melbourne-based Angry Penguins in the mid to late 1940s. Two retrospective exhibitions were held in Melbourne: one at the Stanley Coe Gallery in 1950, and the other at the Joseph Brown Gallery in 1976. A touring exhibition of his work commenced in 2001 following the publication of Mary Eagle's biography <mask> <mask>: A Painter in Peace and War. George Bell wrote an obituary for him in The Sun, saying Purves <mask>

Following the death of Russell Drysdale's wife in 1963, Drysdale married Maisie <mask> <mask> in 1964.In March 2000, burglars stole two paintings by <mask> <mask> from Maisie's home in Woy Woy on the Central Coast, as well as a Drysdale painting which was given to Maisie as a gift soon after <mask>'s death. The works were valued at $350,000. <mask> <mask>'s 1938 painting The Pond was the subject of an ekphrastic poem by scholar <mask> in the 2006 book The Whispering Gallery: Art into Poetry. In 2008, several of Purves <mask>'s works were included in the exhibition Australian Surrealism: the Agapitos/Wilson Collection, held at the National Gallery of Australia, and his major student work New York was shown in the 2008 Powerhouse Museum exhibition Modern Times. Purves <mask> is also represented in the National Gallery of Victoria's Joseph Brown Collection, a survey of Australian art from its colonial beginnings to contemporary times. Of the collection, former Christie's director of art sales Jon Dwyer said "There are many iconic pictures, including von Guerards, some great Streetons and McCubbins - and arguably the best work <mask> <mask> ever painted, which is my favourite." Lucile, Purves <mask>'s 1937 portrait of Melbourne socialite Lucile Stephens (daughter of Henry Douglas Stephens), was acquired in 2011 by the Queensland Art Gallery through its Foundation Appeal, and is deemed by the gallery to be a collection highlight.Gallery

Notes

References
 Eagle, Mary; Minchin, Jan. The George Bell School: Students, Friends, Influences. Deutscher Art, 1981. .
 Eagle, Mary. <mask> <mask>: a Painter in Peace and War. Beagle Press, 2000. .
 Moore, Felicity St. John. Classical Modernism: the George Bell Circle. National Gallery of Victoria, 1992. .External links

<mask> <mask> - Australian Dictionary of Biography Online
<mask> <mask> - Mother and Child (1939) at Christie's
Portrait of <mask>urves <mask> by Archibald Douglas Colquhoun at the State Library of Victoria
Papers on the career of <mask> <mask> at the National Library of Australia

1912 births
1949 deaths
People educated at Geelong Grammar School
Australian people of Scottish descent
Australian painters
Modern painters
Australian surrealist artists
British Army personnel of World War II
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Artists from Melbourne
Alumni of the Grosvenor School of Modern Art
British Army officers
Tuberculosis deaths in Australia

masks:
Peter Purves Smith
Charles Roderick Purves Smith
Purves Smith
Purves Smith
Purves Smith
Purves Smith
Purves Smith
Peter Purves
Smith
Smith
Smith
Peter
Thomas Smith
Peter
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Peter
William Purves
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Peter
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Smith
Smith
Purves
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Purves
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Peter Pves
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Purves
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Peter Pves
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Peter
Peter Pves
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Peter Steele
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Peter Pves
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Peter Pves
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Peter Purves
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Peter Purves
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Peter P
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Peter Pves
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texts:
The <mask> v. Greville Pooley dispute was the first known prosecution for breach of promise in colonial America and the first in which the defendant was a woman. This case was tried in the chambers of the Virginia Company, and never went to a civil court, for the plaintiff withdrew his complaint. The first successful case was Stretch v. Parker in 1639. Background
Reverend <mask>y proposed marriage to <mask>, a widow whose husband had died 3 or 4 days previously. He subsequently discovered that his bride-to-be had become engaged to another man. The resulting lawsuit for breach of promise was significant because, until then, such suits had only been filed by women against men. Historical context

Women - spinster or widow - could own property, and could transfer it in a will.However, they could not patent, purchase or sell land in their own name and own right: for that, a woman needed a male family member. A woman's marriage options, however, were limited to her social class, which produced limited choices if she was "of quality". There was such a shortage of suitable women for the upper class in colonial Virginia that upper class men would try to bring their unmarried sisters over. The Virginia Company set about procuring wives for the tenants of its plantation by offering to each woman who migrated to Virginia a dowry of clothing, linens, furnishings and a plot of land. The younger women who were chosen were of a lower social order but selected for their good character. About 189 maids and one widow were selected and shipped to Virginia, at a cost of £12, each (about $5,000 in 2018 US dollars), the value of 150 pounds of Virginia tobacco. The prospective husband also had to pay the woman's transportation expense.Involved parties

<mask> <mask>
<mask> <mask> was an Anglican pastor who arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in August 1622 aboard the James, and took up residence at Fleur Dieu, a plantation belonging to Sir George Yeardley. <mask> <mask>

<mask> <mask> (known in some accounts as Cecilia, <mask> or Sisselye) was born in 1600 and came to the Jamestown colony as a child aboard the ship Swan in 1610. Living in the household of William Farrar and <mask> <mask> at the time of Jamestown Muster was a female age 7, name of Temperance Baley. Her second marriage was to <mask> and she had two daughters with him, Margaret and Mary. <mask> died about April 1623, leaving Cecily a widow with three children. William Farrar
William Farrar arrived in Jamestown aboard the Neptune in August 1618. He had a 100-acre patent upon the Appomattox River.He survived the Indian massacre of 1622, and is noted in the Jamestown muster as head of house in the fort of Samuel Jordan, a relatively safe fortified rallying place for the massacre survivors. quoted as follows: After surviving the Indian massacre of 1622, he is found living with Mrs <mask> in 1624 at Jordans Journey. Controversy
Within a span of four months after <mask> <mask>'s arrival, his neighbor <mask> died, leaving Ciceley a widow with two daughters. According to one account, three or four days after the funeral, Pooley took hold of the hand of Mrs <mask> and pledged himself to her in marriage. She protested that it would not look right because it was too soon after the funeral. Pooley's version of the affair was that he approached Captain Isaac Madison to act as an intermediary for his marriage proposal. Madison asserted that, while she would "as soon marry Mr Pooley as marry anyone else", she would not marry any man until she was delivered of her child.Pooley, encouraged by this and fearful that some other man would beat him to the "trough", rushed to visit her. During the visit he asked for a drink. She sent a servant to get it; Pooley asked that she get it herself, and afterwards, they drank a toast. He claimed that he then grabbed Mrs <mask>'s hand and said: "I Grivell Pooley, take thee Sysley, to my wedded wife, to have, and to hold, till death us depart, and thereto I plight thee my troth." Then (holding her by the hand) she replied "I Sysley, take thee Grivell, to my wedded husband, to have, and to hold, till death us depart". Captain Madison stated that he did not hear Mrs <mask> say any of those words, nor did he remember Pooley asking her if she consented to those words. Mrs. <mask>, fearful of gossip, asked Pooley to keep the affair a secret, but Pooley began to brag of the proposal and upcoming marriage.This angered Mrs <mask>, and she said, as sworn to by Mrs Mary Madison, "that if he had not revealed it, he might have fared better". Captain Isaac Madison, as recorded in C. O. 1, Vol. II, No. 30 Document in Public Record Office, London List of Records No. 521, testified that he had not heard the words of a proposal, nor acceptance by Mrs. <mask>. Instead, Mrs <mask> accepted the proposal of William Farrar.<mask>y, upon learning that Mrs <mask> had contracted herself to Farrar, filed suit with the Virginia Company. The company could not decide if <mask>y's relationship to Mrs <mask> was a formal or legal contract, and deferred it to civil lawyers. Before the matter could be taken further, <mask>y met another widow and dropped the suit. Subsequently, Pooley was the defendant in another suit, brought by a Mr Pawlett, who accused Pooley of insulting him. He was summoned to court in March 1629 because of a dispute with Edward Auborne. Subsequently, Pooley and his family were all killed in 1629 in an Indian massacre. Aftermath of the controversy
The governor and council perceived the <mask>-Farrar affair to be a dangerous precedent and issued a proclamation against a recurrence.But that didn't dissuade others: within a year, Eleanor Spragg had to stand before her congregation and confess to contracting to two men at the same time. The court, in an attempt to halt the spread of the practice decreed that each minister give warning in his church that offenders, male or female, will be whipped or fined according to their social status Like all prohibitions, this too was ineffective,. It was not until Stretch v. Parker in 1639 that a breach of promise suit in which the woman was the defendant was successfully pursued. References

Further reading

Colonial American women
Virginia colonial people
People from Jamestown, Virginia
Legal history of Virginia

masks:
Cecily Jordan
Greville Poole
Cecily Jordan
Greville
Pooley
Greville
Pooley
Cecily
Jordan
Cecily
Jordan
Cecily
Cecily
Jordan
Samuel Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Greville
Pooley
Samuel Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Jordan
Rev Poole
Jordan
Rev Poole
Jordan
Rev Poole
Jordan Pooley


texts:
<mask> (4 March 1865 – 22 August 1931), or 'Ted<mask>, was an Australian journalist, poet, playwright and short story writer. He was the elder brother of illustrators <mask> (1880–1938) and <mask> (1876–1913), with three sisters also of artistic and literary praise. Dyson wrote under several – some say many – nom-de-plumes, including Silas Snell. In his day, the period of Australia's federation, the poet and writer was "ranked very closely to Australia's greatest short-story writer, Henry Lawson". With Lawson known as the "swagman poet", Ogilvie the "horseman poet", Dyson was the "mining poet". Although known as a freelance writer, he was also considered part of The Bulletin writer group. Early life

He was born at Morrison's Diggings near Ballarat in March 1865.His father, <mask>, arrived in Australia in 1852 and after working on various diggings became a mining engineer. His mother, Jane, née Mayall, came from "a life of refinement in England". Brother Will would marry Ruby Lindsay while Ruby's brother Lionel would marry the Dyson sister Jean. The family led a roving life during Dyson's childhood, moving successively to Alfredton, Bendigo, Ballarat and Alfredton again by the time he was eleven. He was educated at the government schools in those towns until the age of thirteen. Whereas others his age were exploring the bush, he was examining abandoned mine shafts and associated buildings. He and his child friends would also be fossicking and re-washing hillsides.At a 12-year-old he began to work as an assistant to a travelling draper (leading to the 1911 poem "Tommy the hawker") as well as various jobs "below and on top" in the Victorian and Tasmanian goldfields: Driving a whim horse at Ballarat, mining at Clunes and Bungaree, and panning shallow alluvial for gold at Lefroy, Tasmania, and on the Pinafore field, finding its largest nugget. His young working life also saw Dyson as a drover. Returning to Smeaton and Gordon, he was a trucker in a deep mine, then working in the battery building. About 1883 the family settled in South Melbourne, where he became a factory hand. Writing career

At 19 years of age, <mask> began writing verse first appearing in the Ballarat Courier, and a few years later embarked on a life of freelance journalism which lasted until his death. Themes were often derived from his childhood exposures to mining, and later working in a factory. He recorded many ideas and maintained a card index, that allowed him to reflect and refine the contents of his writing and produce such volumes.He penned his first sketches, about mining, when arriving in Melbourne while working in the factory. This attracted the attention of J. F. Archibald, editor of The Bulletin. Acceptance of his writings allowed Dyson to leave the factory and earn his livelihood solely from his stories, verses, and paragraphs. His first real success came in 1889 when his short story A golden shanty was used as the title-piece in The Bulletin'''s Christmas anthology. His play The Golden Shanty was first performed in Sydney on 30 August 1913, produced by Bert Bailey. The early 1890s also saw <mask> investing his savings into a weekly publication, The Bull Ant, produced with later-member of parliament Randolph Bedford (1868–1941) and cartoonist Tom Durkin (1853–1902). He was forced to close the paper after a Constable Cornelius Crowe successfully sued him for libel after being depicted cheerfully bludgeoning to death a helpless drunk.The year 1893 saw <mask> side with Lawson in a poetry slam on Banjo Paterson's bush idealism, as part of the Bulletin Debate, where he submitted the poem "The Fact of the Matter", which was later reworded and renamed "The drovers in reply". In 1896 he published his only book of verse, a volume of poems, Rhymes from the Mines and Other Lines and, in 1898, the first collection of his short stories, Below and on top. The first book, Rhymes, was compared lesser with the recent first books of Paterson and Lawson, as his characters were not particularly Australian in identity and his broader humour. His writings today are one of the few recordings in verse of Australia's mining life (such as "The trucker" and "Cleaning up"). In 1901, his first long story, The gold-stealers, was published in London, which was followed by In the Roaring Fifties in 1906. In the same year appeared Fact'ry 'Ands, a series of more or less connected sketches dealing with factory life in Melbourne in a vein of humour. This comedy was made into a stage production by 1916.Various other stories and collections of stories were published in the Bookstall Series and will be found listed in Miller's bibliography of Australian literature. Another volume of verse, Hello, Soldier!, appeared in mid-March 1919. It was to the point of publication in January 1919, a few months before Dyson's personal health significantly impacted his capability to work due to the global Spanish flu. The anthology was well received as showing "his remarkable ability in seizing the soldier's point of view, and his dexterous use of language, plain and colored". <mask> was influenced by The Bulletin stable of writers – of which he also became – included Victor Daley, Lawson, and Paterson. It was said:
although many of his characters are sketchy, there are some notable exceptions which, by reason of their strong humanity, remain as fixed in the reader's mind as the best of Lawson's. He later contributed to the Bulletin and Melbourne Punch stories of factory life in Melbourne.A mixture of humour, straight farce, and not a little pathos, these were entirely different from his earlier work, and, when published later in "Fact'ry 'Ands," "The Missing Link," and "Tommy the Hawker," etc., although they proved good sellers, they did little to enhance his literary reputation, which must stand or fall by virtue of his mining yarns. It was considered despite earnest work, his was a "lesser talent" in comparison to Lawson and Paterson. Dyson also did not rank in the top twelve of the 1914 Melbourne's Herald ballot of Australia's one hundred and ten favourite poets.The 1914 Melbourne's Herald ballot ranked the top twelve of one hundred and ten favourite Australian poets as: 1st Adam Lindsay Gordon, Henry Kendall, Bernard O'Dowd, Victor Daley, Henry Lawson, Banjo Paterson, Will H. Ogilvie, James Brunton Stephens, Roderic Quinn, Mary Gilmore, George Essex Evans, E. J. Brady. (Barrier Miner newspaper, 29 July 1914, p. 6 (http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article45290156))   His writing style whilst generally humorous, farcical or with exaggeration, tended to be laboured. He credited artist Louis Bradley as his mentor, and Archibald as his "Macaenas". Through his life <mask>'s contributions included the Ballarat Courier, Tid-Bits, Life, Punch, The Bulletin, Age, Argus, Leader, Antipodean and the Cosmos. Dyson did an enormous amount of work for many years until he broke down under the strain.Later life

In 1896 aged 31, Dyson leapt into the Yarra River to save an individual's life, indicating the physique of the former miner. In 1914 aged 49, he married twenty-two-year-old Dorothy Boyes, who was described as "one of the beauties of Melbourne, and has attained some prominence as a composer". Boyes had previously put one of Dyson's works to music. By 1923 <mask> was feeling weakened from an appendicitis operation, which only added to his long illness resulting from the Australian 1919 influenza pandemic. His sister-in-law Ruby Lindsay, and an illustrator for his 1919 book, died during that global influenza outbreak on 12 March 1919. <mask> died, aged 66, at his home at 94 Tennyson Street, Saint Kilda, on Saturday 22 August 1931, and was cremated. His wife Dorothy survived him with their one daughter June, aged 14.With his passing it was noted:
At present there is in the course of development a new school of writers, more polished, more in touch with world literature; but sometimes one regrets that they are not as close to the heart of their country as were the old bush story tellers. Bibliography

Some of his books were illustrated by his brother Will, a noted caricaturist. Novels

 In the Roaring Fifties (1906)
 The missing link (1908)
 Tommy Minogue (1908)
 Tommy the hawker and Snifter his dog (1911)
 Loves of Lancelot (1914)
 The escapades of Ann (1919)
 The Grey Goose Comedy Company (1922)

Short Story collections

 Below and on top (1898)
 Fact'ry 'ands (1906)
 Benno and some of the push: Being further 'Fact'ry 'ands' stories (1911), published by the Railway Bookstall Company
 The golden shanty (1911)
  Spats' Fact'ry : More fact'ry 'ands (1914)

Poetry collections

 Rhymes from the Mines and Other Lines (1896) 'Hello, Soldier! ': Khaki verse'' (1919), thirty-seven poems, printed on brown paper, with illustrations from <mask>, Ruby Lind, and George Dacey

Major poems

 "The worked-out mine" (1889)
 "The trucker" (1890)
 "Cleaning up" (1892)
 "Struck it at last" (1892)
 "The old whim horse" (1892)
 "When the bell blew up" (1893)
 "The rescue" (1894)
 "Peter Simson's farm" (1896)
 "A friendly game of football" (1896)
 "Men of Australia" (1898)
 "At the football match: Last Saturday" (1897)
 "The letters of the dead" (1915)
 "Hello, Soldier!" (1918)

Selected works

 "The Fact of the Matter" (1892) – part of the Bulletin Debate

Notes

References

External links

 Australian Dictionary of Biography entry

Australian humorists
Australian journalists
19th-century Australian poets
20th-century Australian poets
Australian people of English descent
19th-century Australian short story writers
1865 births
1931 deaths
Australian male poets
20th-century Australian male writers

masks:
Edward George Dyson
' Dyson
Will Dyson
Ambrose Dyson
George Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
Edward Dyson
Dyson
Will Dyson


texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1974 in Rotterdam, Netherlands) is a retired Dutch middleweight Muay Thai kickboxer. He is a former World and European champion in Muay Thai. <mask> had a tendency to go head-to-head with his opponents, which made him a favorite with fight fans. Biography and career
Born of mixed Croatian-Dutch descent, <mask> started kickboxing at the age of 16. He fought out of Rotterdam for Pattaya Gym. His trainer was Ruud de Ronde alongside Herman Van Den Berge, Peter Mul, Ronald Wismeyer and Elroy Hage. <mask> is passionate fan of football club Feyenoord and during his career he fought in the Feyenoord colours and with the initials of Sporting Club Feyenoord 1908 on his short.He retired as a former WPKL Muay Thai Dutch, European and World Champion. Titles
 2000 World Professional Kickboxing League (WPKL) Muay Thai World Middleweight Champion (3 title defenses)
 2000 WPKL Muay Thai European Middleweight Champion
 2000 WPKL Muay Thai Dutch Middleweight Champion
 1998 WPKL Muay Thai Dutch Super Welterweight Champion (1 title defense)
 1996 NKBB Kickboxing Dutch Super Welterweight Champion

Kickboxing record

|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2005-10-05 || Win ||align=left| Chiba || The Last Performance  || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 1 || || 38-14
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2005-04-03 || Win ||align=left| Mot Eck Muangsemaa || A Tribute to Leo de Snoo || Rotterdam, Netherlands || TKO ||  || || 37-14
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2004-05-20 || Loss ||align=left| Gago Drago || It's Showtime 2004 Amsterdam || Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 36-14
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2004-03-21 || Loss ||align=left| Pajonsuk || Veselic vs. Lumpini's No. 1 || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO (Elbows) || 3 || || 36-13
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2003-10-05 || Win ||align=left| Laurant Piriqet || Night of Explosions || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO ||  || || 36-12
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2003-04-06 || Loss ||align=left| Gago Drago || K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Preliminary Holland || Netherlands || KO (Right Knee Strike) || 3 || 2:40 || 35-12
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2003-02-16 || Win ||align=left| Sakmongkol Sithchuchok ||  || Rotterdam, Netherlands || TKO (Corner Stoppage) || 2 ||  || 35-11
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2002-10-13 || Win ||align=left| Vincent Vielvoye || 2H2H 5: Simply the Best || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 4 ||  || 34-11
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2002-09-08 || Win ||align=left| Eddy Saban || || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO ||  ||  || 33-11
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2002-04-21 || Loss ||align=left| Najim Ettouhlali || Victory or Hell || Amsterdam, Netherlands || KO ||  ||  || 32-11
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2002-02-03 || Loss ||align=left| Rayen Simson ||  || Rotterdam, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 32-10
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2001-04-29 || Win ||align=left| Sergei Karpin ||  || Rotterdam, Netherlands || TKO (Doctor Stoppage) || 1 ||  || 32-9
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2001-03-03 || Loss ||align=left| Jomhod Kiatadisak || The Night of Explosion || Rotterdam, Netherlands || Decision || 5 || 3:00 || 31-9
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 2000-12-12 || Loss ||align=left| Sergei Karpin || It's Showtime || Haarlem, Netherlands || KO || 1 ||  || 31-8
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-11-12 || Win ||align=left| Andreas Marchetti || The Night of Explosion || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 3 ||  || 31-7
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-09-03 || Win ||align=left| Dejpitak Sityodtong || Veselic meets Dejpitak || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO ||  ||  || 30-7
|-
!style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-06-04 || Win ||align=left| Andy Souwer || Night of Revenge || Amsterdam, Netherlands || KO || 1 ||  || 29-7
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-04-16 || Win ||align=left| Hassan Ettaki || Thrill of the Year || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 1 ||   || 28-7
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-01-23 || Win ||align=left| Vincent Vielvoye || Day of No Mercy || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 3 ||   || 27-7
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 1999-12-05 || Loss ||align=left| Yodsuriyan Sith Yodthong || King's Birthday 1999 || Bangkok, Thailand || KO || 1 ||  || 26-7
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1999-10-30 || Win ||align=left| Gerold Mamadeus || Night of Sensation || Rotterdam, Netherlands || KO || 2 ||   || 26-6
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1999-09-25 || Win ||align=left| Rachid Biner || || Vlaardingen, Netherlands || KO ||  ||   || 25-6
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1999-02-07 || Win ||align=left| Abdel Terzati || Matter of Honour   || Rotterdam, Netherlands || Decision (Unanimous) || 5 || 3:00  || 24-6
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1998-12-03 || Win ||align=left| Abdel Terzati || Night of Superstars || Amsterdam, Netherlands || DQ (Illegal Blow) ||  ||  || 23-6
|-
! || Loss ||align=left| Najim Ettouhlali ||  || Amsterdam, Netherlands || KO ||  ||  || 17-5
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 1997-02-01 || Loss ||align=left| Hassan Ettaki ||  || Rabat, Morocco || KO ||  ||  || 17-4
|-  style="background:#fbb;"
| 1996-09-10 || Loss ||align=left| Dmitriy Pyasetsky ||  || Prague, Czech Republic || KO ||  ||  || 17-3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1996-05-18 || Win ||align=left| Marvin Irion ||  || Emmen, Netherlands || KO || 2 ||  || 17-2
|-  style="background:#cfc;"
| 1996-02-04 || Win ||align=left| Robbie Nelson || || Dordrecht, Netherlands || TKO || 2 ||  || 16-2
|-
!

masks:
Stjepan Veselic
Veselic
Veselic
Veselic


texts:
Brigadier Sir <mask>  (12 August 1904 – 22 December 1975) was, as a Lieutenant Colonel, the senior Allied officer in the Japanese prisoner-of-war camp at Tha Maa Kham (known as Tamarkan) in Thailand during World War II. The men at this camp built Bridge 277 of the Burma Railway as later fictionalized in the book The Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle, and since adapted into the Oscar-winning film The Bridge on the River Kwai in which Alec Guinness played the senior British officer, Lt Col Nicholson. Both the book and film outraged former prisoners because <mask> did not collaborate with the enemy, unlike the fictional Lt Col Nicholson. Early life
<mask> was born in Upton Road, Oxton, Birkenhead, one of seven children of <mask>, proprietor of a successful shipping agency (Ross, Skolfield & Company), and Caroline (née Percy), whose father had been governor of Dublin Gaol. He was educated at home until the age of nine, then at Birkenhead School to the age of thirteen and then at Gresham's School, Holt, Norfolk. His father forbade him to accept a scholarship to Cambridge and so he was apprenticed to his uncle <mask>s's firm of Liverpool cotton merchants. During the 1926 general strike, he and members of his rugby team unloaded a refrigerated ship.In 1927 he was commissioned into 59th (4th West Lancs) Medium Brigade, RA of the Territorial Army, serving under Lt Col Alan C. Tod. When, in 1929 his uncle's firm went bankrupt, he joined Baring Brothers, merchant bankers as assistant to Lt Col Tod, who was the Liverpool agent at the time. <mask> continued to develop as an officer within the TA; he was promoted to Lieutenant in November 1931, Captain in April 1932 and Major in April 1934. He married Muriel Alexandra (Alex) Eccles on 27 July 1932 and they had two sons and a daughter. Army career
In August 1939 his regiment was mobilised and saw brief action in Belgium in May 1940 before retreating back into France. He was evacuated from Dunkirk. Following a course at the Senior Officers' School, he commanded and trained a home defence battery at Cambridge.In 1941, promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, he was appointed to command the 135th (Hertfordshire Yeomanry) Field Regiment, RA. In October 1941, his unit was shipped to the Far East. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Order for heroism during the defence of Singapore. Because of his qualities of leadership, his superiors ordered him on 12 February 1942 to join the evacuation of Singapore, but <mask> refused so that he could remain with his men during their captivity. Building the bridges

<mask> and his men were required to build railway bridges over the Khwae Yai near where it joins the Khwae Noi to form the Mae Klong in Thailand. The Khwae Mae Khlong above the confluence was renamed the Khwae Yai in 1960. This was part of a project to link existing Thai and Burmese railway lines to create a route from Bangkok to Rangoon to support the Japanese occupation of Burma.About a hundred thousand conscripted Asian labourers and 12,000 prisoners of war died on the whole project, which was nicknamed the Death Railway. A camp was established at Tamarkan, which is about five kilometres from Kanchanaburi. In the Tamarkan camp, <mask> worked courageously to ensure that as many as possible of the 2,000 Allied prisoners would survive. He endured regular beatings when he complained of ill-treatment of prisoners, but as a skilled negotiator he was able to win many concessions from the Japanese by convincing them that this would speed the completion of the work. Toosey also organised the smuggling in of food and medicine, working with Boonpong Sirivejjabhandu. Boonpong was a Thai merchant who supplied camps at the southern end of the railway taking great risks and was honoured after the war. Toosey maintained discipline in the camp and, where possible, cleanliness and hygiene.His policy was of unity and equality and so refused to allow a separate officers' mess or officers' accommodation. He also ordered his officers to intervene if necessary to protect the men. For his conduct in the camp, he won the undying respect of his men. He was considered by many to be the outstanding British officer on the railway. Behind the backs of the Japanese, Toosey did everything possible to delay and sabotage the construction without endangering his men. Refusal to work would have meant instant execution. Termites were collected in large numbers to eat the wooden structures and the concrete was badly mixed.<mask> also helped organise a daring escape, at considerable cost to himself. (In the film the fictional colonel forbids escapes.) The two escaping officers had been given a month's rations and <mask> concealed their escape for 48 hours. After a month the two escapees were recaptured and bayoneted. <mask> was punished for concealing the escape. Two bridges were built: a temporary wooden bridge and a few months later a permanent steel and concrete bridge which was completed in 1943. At the end of the film the wooden bridge is destroyed by a commando raid when actually, both bridges were used for two years until they were destroyed by Allied aerial bombing, the steel bridge first in June 1945; there had been seven previous bombing missions.The steel bridge has been repaired and is still in use today. After the bridges
After completion of the steel bridge the majority of fit men were moved to camps further up the line. <mask> was ordered to organize Tamarkan as a hospital, which he did despite difficulties including minimal food and medical supplies. The Japanese considered it the best-run prisoner-of-war camp on the railway and gave him considerable autonomy. In December 1943 <mask> was transferred to help run Camp Nong Pladuk, and in December 1944 he was moved to the allied officers' camp at Kanchanaburi where he was the liaison officer with the Japanese. He and some other officers had been separated from his men at Nakhon Nayok camp and were being held there as hostages when Japan surrendered in August 1945. At that time, <mask> weighed 105 pounds (47 kg); before the war he weighed 175 pounds.Despite his weak state, <mask> insisted on travelling 300 miles (500 km) into the jungle to oversee the liberation of his men. After the war

At the end of the war, <mask> saved the life of Sergeant-Major Saito (not a colonel as in the film). Saito was second in command at the camp and was thought to be not as bad as many of the guards. <mask> spoke up for him and as a result Saito did not stand trial. Over 200 Japanese were hanged for their crimes and many more served long prison sentences. Saito respected <mask> greatly and they corresponded after the war. Saito said that "He showed me what a human being should be and he changed the philosophy of my life."After <mask> died, Saito travelled from Japan to visit the grave. Only after Saito died, in 1990, did his family discover that Saito had become a Christian. After the war <mask> resumed his service with the Territorial Army as commanding officer of 359 (4th West Lancs) Medium Regiment and was promoted to Brigadier to command 87 Army Group Royal Artillery, comprising all the TA artillery units in Liverpool. He retired from the TA in 1954, and was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1955. He later became Honorary Colonel of the West Lancashire Regiment, RA, successor unit to his former commands. <mask> also returned to banking with Barings in Liverpool and expanded their services greatly. He worked for the veterans all his life, and in 1966 became President of the National Federation of Far East Prisoners of War.The film The Bridge on the River Kwai was released in 1957. In the film, the senior  British officer was portrayed as working with the Japanese. This was regarded by many former prisoners of war as a gross travesty of the truth. <mask> initially refused repeated requests by the veterans to speak out against the film, being much too modest to seek any glory or recognition for himself. Eventually he was persuaded to write a letter to the Daily Telegraph, which caused several other veterans to emphasise the injustice that had occurred. Nevertheless, the film was highly successful and so formed the public perception of events at Tamarkan. As a result, <mask> agreed several years later to be interviewed by Professor Peter Davies, providing 48 hours of taped interviews on the understanding that they were not to be published until after <mask>'s death.Eventually Davies documented <mask>'s achievements in a 1991 book entitled The Man Behind the Bridge () and a BBC Timewatch programme. A book by his oldest granddaughter, Julie Summers, The Colonel of Tamarkan, was published in 2005 (). <mask> was a Justice of the Peace, and High Sheriff of Lancashire for 1964. He raised funds for the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. In 1974 he was awarded an honorary LLD by Liverpool University and was knighted. <mask> died on 22 December 1975. The Royal Artillery Army Reserve Barracks on Aigburth Road in Liverpool was renamed The Brigadier <mask>sey Barracks.His ashes were buried in Landican Cemetery outside Birkenhead. A service of thanksgiving for the Life and Work of Sir <mask> took place at Liverpool Parish Church on Saturday 31 January 1976. Notes

References
<mask>, Sir <mask> Denton (1904–1975), merchant banker and army officer by Roger T. Stearn in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
 The Colonel of Tamarkan. <mask> and the Bridge on the River Kwai by Julie Summers – Simon & Schuster – London – 2005 . Anon, History of the 359 (4th West Lancs.) Medium Regiment R.A. (T.A.)1859–1959, Liverpool: 359 Medium Regiment, 1959. Lt-Col J.D. Sainsbury, The Hertfordshire Yeomanry Regiments, Royal Artillery, Part 1: The Field Regiments 1920-1946, Welwyn: Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Trust/Hart Books, 1999, . Davies, Peter N. (1991). The Man Behind the Bridge: Colonel <mask> and the River Kwai. Athlone Press. . External links
Youtube lecture by Julie Summers
Detailed information
Detailed information
information

 Land Forces of Britain, the Empire and Commonwealth – Regiments.org (archive site)
British Army Officers 1939−1945

1904 births
1975 deaths
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Artillery officers
Hertfordshire Yeomanry officers
People educated at Birkenhead School
People educated at Gresham's School
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
People from Birkenhead
Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
World War II prisoners of war held by Japan
High Sheriffs of Lancashire
British World War II prisoners of war
English bankers
Burma Railway prisoners
20th-century English businesspeople
Military personnel from Merseyside
British Army brigadiers

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Charles Denton Toosey
Philip Brewster Toosey
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Phil Toosey
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